,inventors ,inventions ,by ,henry ,robinson ,illustrations by ,t4 ,m4 ,fleming ,illustration ,published by ,henry ,robinson #da ,west #cc;d ,street ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 #aiaa ,,copyright1 #aiaa ,,by ,h4 ,,robinson #da ,,west #cc;,d ,,street ,,new ,,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,contents ,,chapter #a ,,successful ,,invention ,,chapter #b ,,machine ,,designing ,,chapter #c ,,financing ,a ,,new ,,invention ,,chapter #d ,,marketing ,a ,,new ,,invention ,,chapter #e ,,determining ,,the ,,selling ,,price ,,of ,a ,,newly ,,invented ,,article ,,chapter #f ,,office ,,management ,,and ,,business ,,policies ,,chapter #g ,,divers ,,ways ,,of ,,exploiting ,,an ,,invention ,,chapter #h ,,useful ,,pointers ,,on ,,successful ,,manufacturing ,,chapter #i ,,warning ,,to ,,prospective ,,inventors ,,chapter #aj ,,advice ,,to ,,inventors ,,on ,,inventions ,,chapter #aa ,,general ,,definition ,,and ,,classification ,,of ,,inventions ,,chapter #ab ,,the ,,glory ,,of ,,invention ,,and ,,pictures ,,of ,,celebrated ,,inventors ,,and ,,scientists ,,chapter #ac ,,how ,,to ,,invent ,,chapter #ad ,,how ,,to ,,make ,,sketches ,,and ,,specifications ,,chapter #ae ,,the ,,necessity ,,of ,,competent ,,engineering ,,for ,,successful ,,invention ,,chapter #af ,,pert ,,pointers ,,for ,,prospective ,,inventors ,,that ,,will ,,be ,,found ,,helpful ,,chapter #ag ,,protection ,,of ,,an ,,invention ,,chapter #ah ,,various ,,ways ,,employed ,,to ,,cheat ,,and ,,rob ,,inventors ,,chapter #ai ,,government ,,connivance ,,at ,,the ,,despoiling ,,of ,a ,,poor ,,inventor ,,chapter #bj ,,old ,,and ,,common ,,tricks ,,employed ,,to ,,do ,,an ,,inexperienced ,,inventor ,,chapter #ba ,,the ,,root ,,of ,,the ,,evil ,,chapter #bb ,,comparative ,,legal ,,protection ,,afforded ,,to ,,mental ,,and ,,physical ,,property ,,chapter #bc ,,the ,,utter ,,helplessness ,,of ,a ,,poor ,,inventor ,,to ,,obtain ,,justice ,,chapter #bd ,,public ,,attitude ,,towards ,,him ,,who ,,steals ,,physical ,,and ,,to ,,the ,,one ,,who ,,steals ,,mental ,,property ,,chapter #be ,,present ,,available ,,means ,,of ,,protecting ,,an ,,invention ,,chapter #bf ,,comparative ,,government ,,treatment--,a ,,bounty ,,for ,,raising ,,sugar ,,beets1 ,,but ,a ,,tax ,,on ,,inventions ,,chapter #bg ,,society',s ,,debt ,,to ,,the ,,inventor ,,chapter #bh ,,comparative ,,protection ,,given ,,by ,,the ,,government ,,chapter #bi ,,the ,,law',s ,,definition ,,of ,,property--,,and ,,public ,,policy ,,chapter #cj ,,the ,,successful ,,inventor ,,chapter #ca ,,comparative ,,treatment ,,the ,,world ,,accords ,,to ,,them1 ,,and ,,summary ,illustrations ,,by ,,henry ,,robinson ,,engineer ,,and ,,inventor #e ,a4 ,g4 ,,arnold1 ,esq4 #g ,,the ,,successful ,,inventor ,,the ,,unsuccessful ,,inventor #ab ,,the ,,steps ,,by ,,which ,,he ,,is ,,required ,,to ,,climb ,,and ,,mount ,,that ,,desired ,,eminence4 #ad ,,inventors ,,seldom ,,have ,,anything ,,outside ,,of ,,their ,,aspirations ,,and ,,prospects4 #af ,,finance ,,ministers4 #ag ,,vision ,,sufficiently ,,penetrating ,,to ,,detect ,,the ,,nigger ,,in ,,the ,,woodpile4 #ba ,,no ,,one ,,poor ,,enough ,,to ,,do ,,his ,,invention ,,reverence4 #ba ,a ,,bird ,,in ,,the ,,hand ,,is ,,worth ,,two ,,in ,,the ,,bush4 #bg ,,the ,,good ,,will ,,and ,,well ,,wishes ,,of ,,those ,,who ,,helped ,,create ,,it4 #bi ,,numerous ,,and ,,deep ,,are ,,the ,,pitfalls ,,that ,,the ,,would-,,be-,,successful ,,inventor ,,must ,,avoid4 #ca ,,victims ,,constantly ,,thrown ,,up ,,by ,,the ,,waves ,,of ,,passion ,,and ,,folly1 ,,on ,,the ,,sterile ,,shore ,,of ,,human ,,indifference4 #ce ,,short ,,and ,,easy ,,cut ,,to ,,opulence ,,and ,,ease4 #ce ,,who ,,can ,,fathom ,,or ,,set ,a ,,limit ,,to ,,the ,,ingenuity ,,of ,,that ,,divine ,,creation1 ,,the ,,human ,,brain8 ,,none ,,but ,,its ,,creator4 #cg ,,our ,,ordinary ,,everyday ,,mechanical ,,utilities ,,would ,,be ,,considered ,,magic ,,by ,,him ,,who ,,wrote--,,there',s ,,nothing ,,new ,,under ,,the ,,sun4 #cg ,,newton4 #eg ,,herschel4 #eg ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,,morse4 #eg ,,robert ,,fulton1 ,,inventor ,,of ,,the ,,steamboat4 #eg ,,benj4 ,,franklin4 #eg ,,elias ,,howe4 #eg ,,jas4 ,,watt4 #eg ,,lord ,,kelvin4 #eg ,,thos4 ,a4 ,,edison4 #eg ,,sig4 ,,marconi4 #eg ,,sir ,h4 ,,bessemer4 #eg ,c4 ,h4 ,,mc ,,cormick4 #eg ,,professor ,,huxley4 #eg ,,humboldt4 #eg ,,chas4 ,,darwin4 #eg ,,seymour ,m4 ,,bonsall4 #eg ,,an ,,intelligent ,,and ,,prudent ,,inventor ,,will ,,carefully ,,note ,,his ,,own ,,capacity4 #fa ,,observe ,,everything ,,carefully4 ,,try ,,to ,,remember ,,everything ,,you ,,see4 ,,reason ,,logically4 ,,do ,,not ,,overlook ,,details4 #fc ,,don',t ,,imagine ,,yourself ,a ,,solomon4 #fc ,,the ,,eagle ,,and ,,the ,,jackdaw4 ,,don',t ,,bite ,,off ,,more ,,than ,,you ,,can ,,swallow4 #fc ,,don',t ,,set ,,yourself ,a ,,quixotic ,,task4 #fc ,,don',t ,,go ,,about ,,with ,a ,,face ,,as ,,solemn ,,and ,,anxious ,,as ,,though ,,you ,,were ,,atlas4 #fc ,,she ,,wants ,,to ,,be ,,shown4 #fc ,,she ,,will ,,not ,,be ,,slow ,,in ,,handing ,,you ,,up ,,the ,,sugar ,,lumps4 #fc ,,to ,,cast ,,aside ,,when ,,you ,,become ,,successful ,,the ,,sharer ,,of ,,your ,,early ,,poverty ,,and ,,struggles4 #fc ,,you ,,will ,,be ,,greater ,,by ,,not ,,following ,,anybody',s ,,example ,,in ,,that ,,respect4 #fc ,,only ,a ,,temperate ,,abstemious ,,regime ,,of ,,life ,,can ,,give ,,the ,,healthy ,,brain4 #fc ,,don',t ,,forget ,,the ,,people ,,you ,,knew4 #fc ,,the ,,swipeing ,,mfg4 ,,co4 ,,have ,,stolen ,,my ,,invention4 #hj ,,we ,,must ,,have #ajjj ,,dollars ,,as ,a ,,retaining ,,fee4 #hj ,,defended ,,in ,,court 99 99 99 99 ,,on ,,technicalities4 #hj ,,the ,,exploiters ,,of ,,his ,,invention ,,can ,,enjoy ,,their ,,ill-,,gotten ,,gains ,,with ,,impunity4 #hj ,,why1 ,,oh ,,why1 ,,is ,,the ,,stealing ,,of ,,one ,,kind ,,of ,,property ,a ,,criminal ,,offense1 ,,another ,,only ,a ,,civil ,,tort8 #he ,,but ,,is ,,it ,,different ,,oh6 ,,now6 ,,if ,,the ,,stolen ,,property ,,is ,a ,,mental ,,instead ,,of ,a ,,hand ,,product8 #hf ,,the ,,world ,,is ,,usually ,,more ,,mindful ,,of ,,the ,,man ,,with ,,the ,,big ,,stick1 ,,than ,,with ,,the ,,big ,,grievance4 #hh ,,difference ,,in ,,the ,,treatment ,,meted ,,out ,,by ,,our ,,government ,,to ,,him ,,who ,,renders ,,services ,,to ,,society1 ,,by ,,digging ,,in ,,the ,,dirt1 ,,and ,,to ,,him ,,who ,,uses ,,the ,,brain4 #ij ,,has ,,not ,,the ,,ingenuity ,,of ,,the ,,inventor ,,enabled ,,even ,,the ,,farmer 99 99 99 ,,to ,,get ,,greater ,,returns ,,for ,,his ,,labor8 99 99 99 ,,has ,,he ,,not ,,made ,,his ,,work ,,lighter ,,and ,,has ,,he ,,not ,,enabled ,,him ,,to ,,get ,,more ,,of ,,the ,,good ,,things ,,of ,,this ,,world8 #ib ,,through ,,the ,,inventor',s ,,ingenuity ,,and ,,industry ,,this ,,country ,,has ,,attained ,,its ,,mighty ,,potency ,,in ,,war4 #ic ,inventors and ,inventions ,illustration ,,by ,,henry ,,robinson ,,engineer ,,and ,,inventor #aiaa ,,dedicated ,,to ,,my ,,friend ,,and ,,benefactor ,a4 ,g4 ,,arnold1 ,,esq4 ,illustration3 ,a4 ,g4 ,,arnold4 ,,esq4 ,preface ,the object of publishing this pamphlet is to awaken the public conscience to the great injustice continually being done to a numerous and worthy class of intellectual toilers1 and the evil resulting from the same to the general public4 ,if perchance this will help to remedy the wrong to any extent1 the author will feel amply repaid for the trouble and expense incurred in pointing it out to the public4 ,respectfully yours ,,the ,,author ,h4 ,robinson ,,chapter #a ,,successful ,,invention ,a very large number of people in and out of the mechanical profession are intensely eager to know how to become successful inventors4 ,wealth1 honor and glory are the reward of the successful4 ,disappointment1 drudgery1 oblivion1 and poverty are often the portion of the less fortunate ones4 ,many of the latter foolishly attribute the greater measure of success to their fellow-workers in the same chosen field of usefulness to luck1 which is far from the truth1 and to that fallacious belief they often owe their own less favored condition4 ,it is also an injustice to those who have reached the summit2 as there is one1 and only one road that leads to it1 and which they all have to take1 and its name is ,endeavor4 ,there are numerous fictitious definitions of the successful inventor1 and yet there is but one true gauge and test of merit that entitles one to membership in the none-too-numerous and select fraternity4 ,this test is the ability of producing a commercially successful invention4 ,that ,ability is but the concentrated name for the possession of numerous requirements1 comprising a vast and varied knowledge1 theoretical1 scientific1 and practical1 not only of the various mechanical branches necessary for successful machine designing1 but of the art and conditions for the manipulation of that product for which a machine is designed1 with or without that machine1 and the newly designed machine's economic relation to the same4 ,then securing the necessary co-operation of financial means must be attended to2 introducing the newly hatched-out novelty into the market1 compelling its adoption and general use1 for its purpose1 and organizing the proper fabric for its production efficiently and economically4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,successful ,,inventor ,,the ,,unsuccessful ,,inventor ,last1 but not least1 there must be secured the possession of a fair share of its benefits to its originator1 and to those financial interests necessary in the production and marketing of a successful invention4 ,all of these accomplishments are the necessary elements and attributes of the successful inventor1 and are the steps by which he is required to climb and mount that desired eminence and through the skipping or missing of any one of those steps1 many aspiring climbers have been hurled headlong to the bottom of the abyss just as they were within reach of the goal4 ,no matter how naturally favored one may be1 never has nature so favored any individual as to bestow on him those necessary accomplishments gratis4 ,it is one of the greatest anomalies of human nature1 that the performance of most difficult tasks1 requiring for their consummation numerous and rare attainments1 are continually undertaken by those who are least qualified to perform them4 ,lured by the glittering reward of the few successful ones1 they try to gain by chance what can only be gained by work4 ,,chapter #b ,,machine ,,designing ,while the elements of success in actual engineering are general1 comprised by knowledge of well-known sciences and arts2 yet the accomplishments of their undertaking must necessarily be stamped with the individuality of its creator1 and along those lines that repeated experiences have found necessary1 to insure success4 ,in inventing and designing a new machine1 one must first thoroughly familiarize himself with its desired performance1 as the success or failure of his mechanical creation depends on how nearly perfect that performance is1 compared to established or desired standards2 and the performance of that machine when made will truly denote how well its designer understood it1 and his skill in mechanical manipulation to produce it4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,steps ,,by ,,which ,,he ,,is ,,required ,,to ,,climb ,,and ,,mount ,,that ,,desired ,,eminence ,another important item of calculation must be the relative value of the probable production of the machine1 its quantity and quality1 to the cost of the machine4 ,careful consideration must be given to the working conditions the machine will have to be adapted to4 ,these must include a careful study of the substance to be worked upon in the machine1 its regularity or irregularity in shape1 its constant or changing conditions under various environments or seasons1 and its general peculiarities4 ,the cost of manipulating the machine must be considered1 that is1 the required amount of power for its propulsion1 and the cost of maintaining its efficient mechanical performance for a certain amount of production1 or its durability1 and its proneness to get out of order4 ,nor must one fail to take into account the required intelligence and skill to operate it4 ,while constantly and carefully bearing in mind the before-mentioned objective points1 the prospective successful inventor in designing his machine1 must carefully aim for cheapness of construction1 which can only be properly accomplished by designing the various mechanical performances of the machine with the least number of parts1 and of the simplest form1 requiring for their proper production the least amount and cheapest kind of labor in the ,pattern ,shop1 ,foundry1 and ,machine ,shop1 and1 next to the creating of efficient and durable machines1 the greatest order of skill in a machine designer is required in producing simple and cheap mechanical designs4 ,and yet this is not all that is required from him1 even in the mechanical line1 but he must have such mechanical movements and parts in his machine1 as will enable him to secure a good patent on it1 which will insure him protection1 at the same time carefully and absolutely avoiding any possible infringement on others4 ,in a measure that can be avoided by looking up the copies of patents of similar inventions4 ,another important factor in determining the general design of a machine1 is the probable market for the same1 as that must1 in a great measure1 decide the justifiable expenditure for the initial or first general cost1 for bringing the successful machine into being4 ,illustration3 ,,inventors ,,seldom ,,have ,,anything ,,outside ,,of ,,their ,,aspirations ,,and ,,prospects4 ,so much for the mechanical or engineering part of the invention4 ,,chapter #c ,,financing ,a ,,new ,,invention ,the next important part is the financial side of it4 ,the estimate for this must necessarily vary with the intended mode of disposal of the prospective invention after its perfection4 ,if it is the intention of the inventor to dispose of his invention after it is perfected1 the expense can be approximately estimated1 and in many cases will be moderate1 of course varying with the nature of the invention4 ,but if it is the intention to manufacture it1 create and supply a market for it1 the required capital will always be considerable4 ,for many obvious reasons1 it is considered advantageous for the profitable exploitation of an invention to have the financial end of it under a separate head1 which is generally the case4 ,usually this is making a virtue of necessity1 as inventors seldom have anything outside of their aspirations and prospects1 whether it is that necessity is the mother of invention1 or that ,invention is the mother of necessity1 is something that physiologists have not quite determined4 ,but in any event1 the prospective successful inventor must provide himself with a finance minister1 variously designated as ,angel1 ,backer1 or ,octopus4 ,this part of the inventive problem1 to many an inventor1 is insolvable for many reasons4 ,to solve it successfully requires good insight1 and judgment of human nature4 ,ability to impart one's own enthusiastic aspirations1 and to keep it up1 requires diplomacy and tact4 ,illustration3 ,,finance ,,ministers4 ,but solve the problem he must if the inventor wants to be successful1 and various means have been employed to do so4 ,one of them1 which is probably as good as any1 is for the enterprising inventor to divide that part of his problem into two or several parts4 ,if he cannot command a large amount at once1 he will devote his energies to interesting successively small amounts1 which will enable him to carry on the development of his invention from one stage to another2 each time advancing it further1 becoming stronger1 and showing enhanced prospects4 ,to sell to each successive ,backer the interest of his predecessor1 and if the predecessor's money has been used to good advantage1 that can be done profitably1 and to the satisfaction of everybody concerned1 as well as increasing the available means for carrying on the exploitation of the invention4 ,that is one of the ways by which an inventor can provide himself steadily with some one to take care of the finance portfolio in his cabinet4 ,another1 but far more hazardous way1 is to resort to the professional promoter4 ,great care1 however1 must be taken by the inventor in these various financial transactions1 which necessarily include the making and signing of various contracts and legal instruments1 that his entire invention as well as himself are not entirely absorbed by others4 ,as competent and reliable legal advice may not always be within his reach1 he must be able to make contracts advantageously1 and above all to be the possessor of a vision sufficiently penetrating to detect the nigger in the woodpile1 in any paper before he signs it4 ,,chapter #d ,,marketing ,a ,,new ,,invention ,the value and success of an invention depends upon its demonstrated usefulness to those for whose use it is intended1 and their desire to avail themselves of the same4 ,it very often devolves on the inventor to give that value to it1 a task which will not be found easy1 especially to the novice4 ,the first necessary steps to force an invention into the market is to procure as many representative references from people using his invention as possible4 ,this may necessitate placing his machine on trial for a certain length of time1 and personally demonstrating its usefulness2 also educating other operators to operate his machine advantageously4 ,illustration3 ,,vision ,,sufficiently ,,penetrating ,,to ,,detect ,,the ,,nigger ,,in ,,the ,,woodpile4 ,the inventor will find ample opportunity to display his forebearance at this stage of the game1 as he will find at the beginning1 no one poor enough to do his invention reverence4 ,and it is one of the strange things that one observes in life1 that many people who have not sufficient energy and intelligence to raise themselves beyond the very humblest and meanest occupations in life1 consider themselves amply qualified to criticise1 and even make suggestions on inventions that some of the best brains have spent their best on4 ,but this is a condition that must be reckoned with and overcome in introducing a new machine on the market1 and the inventor will find it to his advantage to use every possible means to persuade and win over those who will have to operate his machine1 as well as to demonstrate to the proprietor himself the usefulness of the invention2 and sometimes even he may find it to his advantage to furnish an educated operator for the machine4 ,if his means are limited1 which is often the case1 he will have to act as his own salesman1 advertisement-writer1 and press-agent until the invention becomes firmly established in the market4 ,to go out in the cold1 wide world and solicit orders even on approval for a new invention requires considerable adaptability1 pluck1 patience1 and hard work4 ,very often success or failure depends upon the initial exertions in that direction4 ,no fixed rules can be laid down for that kind of work4 ,to be successful1 it must be varied with the nature and the disposition of every individual who does the selling and buying4 ,but generally speaking1 it is a safe rule for a salesman to observe1 ,brevity1 ,directness1 ,simplicity1 and ,politeness1 as the average business man is1 by force of circumstances1 homeopathic4 ,they like ,talks in small quantities1 concentrated form1 and sugar-coated4 ,illustration3 ,,no ,,one ,,poor ,,enough ,,to ,,do ,,his ,,invention ,,reverence4 ,sometimes silence1 the ability to keep one's mouth closed1 and to respectfully listen to a loquacious prospective buyer1 will secure an order for a machine1 where a disposition to do all the talking1 however silvery will not accomplish the same golden results4 ,another important factor in introducing a machine into the market is advertising by mail4 ,painstaking exertions coupled with the required ability to get up a proper circular1 which should include a clear cut1 half-tone preferably1 of the machine to be sold1 a concise explicit statement of the nature of the machine1 and its capacity1 and its advantages over previous or other methods of doing the same work4 ,in wording and phrasing your circular1 observe simplicity4 ,a list of references will materially enhance your chances of securing attention1 as most people are willing to say ,me ,too1 where you could never get them to say ,i4 ,in the general get-up of your circular it is best to have such an arrangement as will readily go into an ordinary business envelope1 without folding4 ,if1 however1 it must be folded1 it must be so arranged that the fold so creased will not come at a vital point4 ,plain1 clear type of convenient size1 on good white paper1 and black ink1 is better than rainbow colors4 ,however1 a different color for a few words now and then for emphasis1 is permissible1 and may help to bring out certain points which you wish the prospective buyer's attention called to4 ,the general get-up of the circular must be of such a nature and form1 that the prospective buyer of average intelligence will be attracted by it1 and will get a general idea of what it has to tell him at a glance4 ,it is even best to leave the price of the article off the circular1 as that will induce people to inquire for it1 and give one a chance to get in touch with those who are interested1 while those who would not even inquire for the price1 would not buy any way4 ,another means for introducing a new invention on the market1 is in write-ups of the same in the daily papers1 magazines1 and trade papers2 as very unfortunately a good many people would not pay any attention to circulars1 and would not find time to grant a personal interview to a solicitor1 yet they do look up printed matter in the form of a newspaper1 magazine1 or trade-paper1 and very often get their own views on any subject from the general tone of the article they read4 ,these articles require considerable intelligence1 care1 and literary ability to prepare1 and more to get them printed1 as they naturally have to vary in tone and style with the paper1 or magazine they are printed in4 ,it is more or less easy to get a write-up in a trades-paper for an article that comes within its sphere1 and very often the editor of that magazine will be willing to do the writing-up1 from circulars furnished to him or from observations of the machines as a news item1 for the dual purpose of furnishing its readers with useful information1 and of obtaining advertising patronage from the beneficiary4 ,in other magazines1 it will require more ingenuity and literary merit to get in at all1 and except in very rare instances1 it would be best for the inventor to turn that part of the business over to some one who has experience in that line of work1 and knows how4 ,,chapter #e ,,determining ,,the ,,selling ,,price ,,of ,a ,,newly ,,invented ,,article ,considerable business acumen is required in determining and fixing the selling price of a new machine4 ,the factors to be taken into consideration are1 the value of its saving in every direction to its purchaser1 the average amount of capital invested in the prospective purchaser's business1 and the amount to be invested in the machine1 as very often a machine may be beyond the reach of those for whose use it is desired1 by reason of its price4 ,in any event1 the cost of producing the machine should not be a factor in determining the price1 but the value of its product4 ,and the cost of producing the same results by any other process1 will give a very fair estimate1 after taking into consideration the means of the people who have to buy it4 ,generally a machine is sold outright to the consumer1 but in some instances they are only rented for certain periods or volumes of production4 ,that has to be determined by the nature of the invention and the business to which it applies4 ,,chapter #f ,,office ,,management ,,and ,,business ,,policies ,if the inventor is unfortunate enough to be compelled to attend to his own office work1 he will probably find it advantageous to observe the following rules3 ,answer all letters promptly1 briefly1 and politely1 and don't write what you feel like1 as that will often get you into trouble4 ,don't forget to make a copy1 and keep it1 of every letter you send out1 and file carefully all letters you receive4 ,if the inventor has to be his own purchasing agent1 he should remember that the lowest price is not always the cheapest1 and the highest price doesn't indicate that you couldn't get it any cheaper elsewhere1 and as good1 if not better4 ,whenever possible1 arrange for everything to be delivered at your place1 as that throws the transit responsibility on the contractor until the goods are delivered1 and your credit is also longer4 ,order your goods as much ahead of time as possible as goods are very rarely delivered on the time they are promised4 ,examine all goods delivered in your place as to quality and weight1 and keep a careful memorandum of the same1 and don't forget to check off the bills you receive for the same4 ,don't be afraid to complain of unfair treatment1 even at the risk of being called a kicker4 ,remember that the faithful performance of your duties for the firm that trusts and depends upon you1 is more important than the catering to anybody1 especially if it has to be done at the expense of the firm you represent4 ,don't expect perfection from people you are dealing with1 as they have also a good many things to contend with1 and when once you have ,o4 ,k4'd the bills1 pay for them as soon as possible if you want to maintain your credit and your self-respect4 ,honesty and straight dealings will materially increase your chances of staying in the market1 once you get there4 ,cultivating a good name with the people you are dealing with1 is better than kowtowing to ,rating ,agencies1 as well as being the cheapest and very best kind of advertising4 ,never misrepresent your financial condition when furnishing a statement to your bank1 for you may do it once too often1 and then you will wish you hadn't4 ,you will travel more easily and further by telling the truth4 ,,chapter #g ,,divers ,,ways ,,of ,,exploiting ,,an ,,invention ,having advanced his invention to the stage of having obtained a footing in the market1 the inventor has reached the ,parting of the ,ways1 and now is the time for him to decide whether he is to sell his invention1 or to keep it4 ,if he decides to sell1 his likely buyers are those who are in that line of business1 and who are generally willing to add to their established business some patented novelty in their own line1 that will give them exclusive use1 and special advertising facilities1 thereby increasing their profits1 and enhancing their prestige2 or some capitalist on the alert for a profitable investment1 and congenial occupation4 ,the decision of the inventor must depend upon the nature of the invention1 its profitableness1 his own financial resources1 his health1 his energies1 temperament1 and the likelihood of his invention being imitated1 and his mechanical and financial ability to protect it4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,bird ,,in ,,the ,,hand ,,is ,,worth ,,two ,,in ,,the ,,bush4 ,generally speaking the proverb about ,a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush1 is very applicable to inventions1 and the inventor who is blessed with a grain of prudence in his make-up1 will think carefully1 and his best1 before he refuses a fair offer4 ,if he desires to sell1 a sum of money outright is better than a royalty4 ,should it not be practical or desirable to dispose of it1 he must make preparations to supply the market in constantly increased proportions4 ,owing to the various kinds of skilled labor1 numerous expensive tools1 machinery1 high rents for suitable manufacturing places necessary for the building of machinery1 requiring the investment of large capital1 and the devotion of a great deal of time for organization and supervision1 many inventors find it convenient1 even profitable1 to have their machines built under contract by some established manufacturing concern which is properly equipped for that special kind of work4 ,this in many cases is a very wise business-like course to pursue1 as it eliminates the necessity of a large investment1 and leaves the inventor free to devote himself to improving and enlarging the field for his invention1 and to attend to the business end to better advantage4 ,,chapter #h ,,useful ,,pointers ,,on ,,successful ,,manufacturing ,should it1 however1 be decided to manufacture his invention1 it will be found that a proper system for regular routine will be required to produce the articles within reasonable cost4 ,if the inventor has no special experience in manufacturing1 it will be greatly to his advantage to procure information1 by inspection1 and carefully noting the methods employed in up-to-date manufacturing establishments1 making similar articles4 ,manufacturing must be carried out from ,,the ,,top ,,downwards1 not from ,,the ,,bottom ,,upwards4 ,that is1 the brain work in the office must be carefully planned and carried out first1 and recorded in assembly and detail drawings and carefully written-up specifications4 ,next a double set of metal patterns should be made to be kept in two separate places to guard against fire4 ,to do everything should not be attempted in the beginning1 as many parts requiring special equipment and special skill1 such as foundry work1 drop forging1 gear making1 and wood work1 can very often be contracted for with persons especially equipped to do that work1 at less than the price it would cost to produce them by a firm which has to do a little of everything4 ,elimination of that much of the work permits better concentration and increased facilities for the other work1 resulting in a maximum of production with a minimum of investment4 ,the work in the factory should be carefully divided up1 and localized4 ,if the quantities of complete manufactured articles to be made are large1 or there is a fair prospect that they will be so1 and their sale is not localized1 a duplicate1 interchangeable system of manufacture is indispensable1 and should be employed from the very beginning4 ,in spite of the initial expenses for tools1 it will be found to be a great saver of worry1 annoyance1 trouble1 and money4 ,also the labor cost for duplicate parts in the making and assembling is very considerably less than if made in the ,,good ,,old ,,way4 ,this makes it possible to supply parts that will fit the machine which will be required in the course of usage1 in any part of the world where it may happen to be1 and which often forms a considerable part of the profits4 ,indeed it may be truly said that it sometimes pays to give machines away for nothing1 if assured a monopoly of its repairs at one's own prices4 ,the gang-boss system in the shop will be found a material aid in producing and maintaining a desired standard of quality and quantity4 ,it will also lessen the necessary supervision and worry in tracing1 and eliminate deficient and jarring elements in production4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,good ,,will ,,and ,,well ,,wishes ,,of ,,those ,,who ,,helped ,,create ,,it4 ,a healthy1 accessible location1 and a clean1 comfortable shop are indispensable4 ,fair1 just and considerate treatment1 with an apparent ready appreciation by the management1 of the merits of their employees1 will be duly rewarded by the willing and faithful co-operation of those on whom in a great measure the success or failure of manufacturing depends2 also enhancing the value of the profits by the addition of the goodwill1 and wellwishes of those who help to create it1 as the want of it often mars the enjoyment of the money when earned4 ,,chapter #i ,,warning ,,to ,,prospective ,,inventors ,by a careful perusal of what has been said1 it will be seen that the undertaking of a successful invention is no easy task1 and that it cannot fall to one's lot by mere chance4 ,it is quite true that1 like the diamond1 the inventor1 the general1 orator1 or writer is born4 ,but be it also remembered that even a diamond has to be cut1 ground1 and polished before it attains its lustre1 and the inventor or general1 writer and orator are no exceptions to the rule4 ,the general could not conquer a valiant foe if he did not master the science of war1 or if he failed to familiarize himself with most of the conspicuous experiences of others in the same profession4 ,the writer and orator would have no audience if they failed to fertilize their brains with rich stores of knowledge to draw upon1 and with proper means of expressing themselves4 ,and the inventor is generally doomed to failure if he fails to earnestly apply himself to the acquisition and mastery of that knowledge which is potent to successful invention in the mechanical line1 and to get his just or fair share of its value4 ,illustration3 ,,numerous ,,and ,,deep ,,are ,,the ,,pitfalls ,,that ,,the ,,would-,,be-,,successful ,,inventor ,,must ,,avoid4 ,numerous and deep are the pitfalls that the would-be-successful inventor must avoid4 ,rich and powerful are the members of the fraternity who thrive and fatten on him1 through his short-comings of ,omission or ,commission4 ,at every stage of his progress he has to combat a new set and different kinds of vampires1 each attacking him with different weapons1 and in different ways1 who consider the unlucky inventor their natural and legitimate prey4 ,these men respectively garb their duplicity with the respectable name of a profession1 and justify the means of robbing him of his just and hard earnings1 with the all-condoning name of ,modern ,business ,methods4 ,illustration3 ,,victims ,,constantly ,,thrown ,,up ,,by ,,the ,,waves ,,of ,,passion ,,and ,,folly1 ,,on ,,the ,,sterile ,,shore ,,of ,,human ,,indifference4 ,illustration3 ,,short ,,and ,,easy ,,cut ,,to ,,opulence ,,and ,,ease4 ,,encouraged ,,to ,,pursevere ,,in ,,their ,,fallacies ,,by ,,the ,,slick ,,cunning ,,sharks4 ,,with ,,their ,,own ,,ill-,,conceived ,,notions ,,and ,,pride4 ,,they ,,become ,,unfitted ,,for ,,their ,,usual ,,occupations4 ,,very ,,often ,,the ,,substance ,,of ,,those ,,depending ,,on ,,them4 ,as numerous and as pitiful as are the various victims constantly thrown up by the waves of passion and folly on the sterile shore of human indifference1 none are more so than they who have nothing better than the promptings of a more-than-ordinary share of vanity and conceit to aspire to the honors and rewards of successful inventors4 ,foolishly do they imagine it a short and easy cut to opulence and ease4 ,enthused with their delusion1 they become unfitted for their usual occupations1 and are encouraged to persevere in their fallacies by the slick1 cunning sharks whose inevitable prey they become through it4 ,these not only take their very last dollar1 but very often the substance of those depending upon them2 until at last1 poor1 ruined1 deluded fools1 they wake up to the realization of the grand truth1 ,,that ,,one ,,gets ,,nothing ,,for ,,nothing1 not even experience4 ,but it is none the less unfortunately true1 that those very victims themselves are responsible for the existence of the means and conditions for their undoing4 ,if perchance in the outset of their ruinous career1 they encounter one who would give them competent and honest advice1 if it be at variance with their own ill-conceived notions and pride1 he will receive insults for his pains1 and be deprived of the opportunity of rendering any services to the profession of which his ability and integrity makes him a creditable and honorable member4 ,,chapter #aj ,,advice ,,to ,,inventors ,,on ,,inventions ,what and how to invent1 is very often asked and variously answered4 ,on the nature of the answer to the honest inquirer often depends whether he is to be discouraged in a good undertaking1 or sent on a fool's errand1 or directed rightly to the avenue of success4 ,the various answers to what and how to invent may be divided into three different kinds4 ,the stupid1 the misleading1 and the intelligent4 ,the remark is often made by certain people1 ,oh1 there used to be lots of chances to make fortunes out of inventions ,,years ,,ago1 but not ,,now4 ,this is as stupid as it is untrue4 ,never in the history of the world1 have the opportunities been as numerous and the rewards as great as they are now for any and every kind of meritorious invention4 ,our advanced civilization1 the complex intricacies of our social fabric1 the enormous general increase in wealth and the consequent general ability1 to greater or less extent1 to gratify our numerous and various desires1 has created an unlimited field of opportunity for the ingenious1 fertile and enterprising brain4 ,not only for the improvements upon methods of doing things1 for which there is no man capable of setting a limit1 but even for the invention and creation of entirely new means of gratification and utility4 ,the inventor of steam locomotion created for mankind a new means of providing for certain phases of its existence4 ,yet ,,those who successively contributed their ingenuity and made the ,,modern locomotive possible have filled a want1 served a useful purpose1 conferred a benefit and justly earned and merited reward4 ,the existence of the perfected steam locomotive did not deter human ingenuity and enterprise from developing electric traction4 ,the inventors of wireless telegraphy1 were not deterred or discouraged in their efforts by the existence of telegraph wires4 ,the fact that1 in all the unknown thousands of years of human existence1 speech was considered only a human prerogative did not prevent ,,the ,,sage ,,of ,,llewellyn from giving to the world the phonograph4 ,every human brain is different from every other2 endowed with its own special marvellous capacity1 making it possible for it to succeed in new directions4 ,who can fathom1 or set a limit to the ingenuity of that divine creation1 ,,the ,,human ,,brain8 ,none but its ,creator4 ,our ordinary every-day mechanical utilities would be considered ,,magic by him who wrote1 ,there is nothing new under the ,sun4 ,illustration3 ,,who ,,can ,,fathom ,,or ,,set ,a ,,limit ,,to ,,the ,,ingenuity ,,of ,,that ,,divine ,,creation1 ,,the ,,human ,,brain8 ,,none ,,but ,,its ,,creator4 ,illustration3 ,,our ,,ordinary ,,everyday ,,mechanical ,,utilities ,,would ,,be ,,considered ,,magic ,,by ,,him ,,who ,,wrote--,,there',s ,,nothing ,,new ,,under ,,the ,,sun4 ,happily the world is not apt to suffer from the foolish slogan of ,,in ,,good ,,old ,,times1 as generally the possessor of extraordinary abilities will not be deterred by it from using them4 ,and a ,,sigh for ,,past opportunities is but a true indication of the unfitness of its unfortunate emitter for any opportunity4 ,the ,,misleading ,,answer to ,,what ,,and ,,how ,,to ,,invent is that which tells everybody and anybody1 to invent ,,anything ,,and ,,everything4 ,human abilities and environments vary1 and it necessarily follows that every individual cannot be successful in that undertaking which requires for its successful accomplishment that which manifestly his ,creator did not endow him with4 ,nor is the capable man apt to be as successful in a direction where1 through his environments1 he is a stranger1 as he would in that field of operation that he has been most active in4 ,it is better and cheaper for a person to first determine his possession of the abilities for doing certain things1 than to find out the want of them by the failure of his undertaking4 ,the gifted individual will also find success easier to attain if his efforts are directed in experienced channels1 than if prospecting on what is to him1 unexplored wilds4 ,and to the ,,misleading ,,answer ,,of ,,what ,,and ,,how ,,to ,,invent1 can be1 in a great measure1 attributed the product of the inventive weeds that choke up the patent offices as well as the elimination of numerous individuals from ordinary but useful occupations for which their ,creator evidently intended them4 ,their wasted substances furnishes a fat living to them who make a profession to give out this misleading advice broadcast4 ,,chapter #aa ,,general ,,definition ,,and ,,classification ,,of ,,inventions ,to ,,answer ,,intelligently ,,what ,,and ,,how ,,to ,,invent4 ,it is first necessary to analyze most carefully the various phases of invention of various natures4 ,it will be observed that inventions in general may be divided into several divisions1 as follows3 ,first3--,fundamental physical principles1 which are very rare and purely scientific4 ,second3--,basic mechanical adaptation to and for the first division which generally comes into existence soon after the discovery of the first4 ,third3--,basic mechanical adaptation to a well-defined production1 substituting human or animal exertions2 which comes by degrees1 and none too often4 ,fourth3--,improved mechanical applications4 ,fifth3--,diverse or varied mechanical applications4 ,the last two are the most prolific or numerous classes4 ,the first division includes our physical sciences4 ,the second is the first mechanical harness for utilizing a new discovery in the laws of physics for different purposes4 ,the third includes the first mechanical appliances receiving impulse from some other body for doing to greater advantage that which is done by direct human or animal exertions1 and are commonly termed labor-saving machines4 ,the fourth are the continuous improvements on the third1 and may include basic mechanical contrivances4 ,the fifth is for accomplishing the same ends as the ,second1 ,third and ,fourth1 but also for the greater adaptability for certain specific purposes1 and for popularizing its production2 that is to prevent the exclusive monopolizing of certain advantages gained through and by the ,second and ,third4 ,,chapter #ab ,,the ,,glory ,,of ,,invention ,,and ,,pictures ,,of ,,celebrated ,,inventors ,,and ,,scientists ,great and glorious are the opportunities for the lucky individual possessing the required high standard of intelligence1 education1 taste1 and means of devoting himself to scientific investigations and experiments1 discovering and giving to the world new scientific truths1 and means of harnessing them to various human usefulness1 coming within range of different dynamic forces1 such as3 steam1 gas1 electricity1 hydraulics1 etc4 ,the gates of the treasuries of rapturous joy are ajar to him1 all his life1 and an honored memory afterwards1 as enduring as the civilization that made his triumphs possible4 ,the products of his genius are his monuments1 and are of greater beauty than any sculptor could produce4 ,more enduring than the ,pyramids1 always noted by admiring and grateful humanity1 to whom it gives comfort and inspiration4 ,illustration3 ,,newton ,,discoverer ,,of ,,gravitation4 ,illustration3 ,,stephenson ,,inventor ,,of ,,steam ,,engine4 ,illustration3 ,,eli ,,whitney ,,inventor ,,of ,,cotton ,,gin4 ,illustration3 ,,ericsson ,,inventor ,,of ,,the ,,monitor4 ,illustration3 ,,herschel1 ,,astronomer4 ,illustration3 ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,,morse1 ,,inventor ,,of ,,the ,,telegraph4 ,illustration3 ,,robert ,,fulton1 ,,inventor ,,of ,,the ,,steamboat4 ,illustration3 ,,benj4 ,,franklin1 ,,scientist4 ,illustration3 ,,elias ,,howe1 ,,inventor ,,of ,,the ,,sewing ,,machine4 ,illustration3 ,,jas4 ,,watt1 ,,inventor ,,of ,,the ,,modern ,,steam ,,engine4 ,illustration3 ,,lord ,,kelvin1 ,,scientist4 ,illustration3 ,,thos4 ,a4 ,,edison1 ,,the ,,sage ,,of ,,llewellyn1 ,,inventor ,,of ,,the ,,phonograph1 ,,incandescent ,,light1 ,,etc4 ,illustration3 ,,sig4 ,,marconi1 ,,inventor ,,of ,,wireless ,,telegraphy4 ,illustration3 ,,sir ,h4 ,,bessemer1 ,,inventor ,,of ,,bessemer ,,steel4 ,illustration3 ,c4 ,h4 ,,mc ,,cormick1 ,,inventor ,,of ,,the ,,reaping ,,machine4 ,illustration3 ,,professor ,,huxley1 ,,scientist4 ,illustration3 ,,humboldt1 ,,scientist4 ,illustration3 ,,chas4 ,,darwin1 ,,discoverer ,,of ,,evolution4 ,illustration3 ,,seymour ,m4 ,,bonsall1 ,,inventor ,,of ,,the ,,innovation ,,ingenuities4 ,one cannot possibly fail to get enthusiastic over the achievements of the long line of great scientific minds1 who have made our civilization possible4 ,when will their glory fade8 ,more humble1 yet as useful1 are the numerous inventors whose achievements necessarily come under the ,third1 ,fourth and ,fifth classification4 ,the inventing and designing of a machine to do work more quickly and better than has been always done by hand increases and cheapens a useful production1 placing it within reach of those who would otherwise be deprived of it1 and always eliminates drudgery4 ,,chapter #ac ,,how ,,to ,,invent ,how to invent8 ,invention is a problem and a solution4 ,it necessarily follows that the first thing to do is to thoroughly comprehend the problem and then contrive mechanical means to solve it4 ,work from the centre outwardly2 that is1 build up your machine around your object of accomplishment4 ,do not try to design a machine and insert it afterwards4 ,there are many men so extraordinarily gifted that it is possible for them to succeed in diverse directions1 even in those for which they have not been especially equipped by training4 ,that is conspicuously true in invention4 ,useful inventions have been invented1 and fortunes made by the inventors who were not engineers so far as training was concerned1 nor were they even machinists1 yet their extraordinary gifts have out-balanced the disadvantage of the lack of training for mechanical creation2 but they all had to enlist1 more or less1 the services of others to make up for their own deficiencies4 ,no doubt there will be many more inventors from outside the ranks of mechanical engineers1 and they will find the following suggestions useful4 ,understand thoroughly what you have to accomplish1 first of all4 ,after conceiving your ideas of a mechanical contrivance to do it with1 try and make some kind of a sketch of the whole and the part respectively4 ,,chapter #ad ,,how ,,to ,,make ,,sketches ,,and ,,specifications ,the fact that you are not a draftsman or have even no idea of how drawings are made1 need not deter you from making sketches that will be understood4 ,a sketch or drawing is a representation more or less correct of the imaginary object in your brain4 ,drawings or sketches are the easiest kind of writing4 ,they are picture writing1 usually the first mode of writing employed by primitive people1 and any man who has the intelligence to invent1 no doubt has sufficient ability to make some kind of sketches with pencil on paper of the pictures he conceives in his brain4 ,in making your sketch1 remember that nearly every object has many sides to it1 and your sketch is to impart a conception of the shape and form of that object to somebody else who has no knowledge of it1 and must necessarily get his ideas from your sketches as he cannot look inside of your brain2 therefore make as many sketches of your object as there are sides to it1 and mark them1 front1 side1 back1 top and bottom1 and every separate piece1 #a1 #b1 #c1 etc4 ,write up explanations or specifications of the same4 ,you can learn how to do that by reading standard works on applied mechanics4 ,,chapter #ae ,,the ,,necessity ,,of ,,competent ,,engineering ,,for ,,successful ,,invention ,having done that much1 now do not make a bee line for the ,patent ,office4 ,do not imagine that the goal of your ambition1 or the end of your tribulations lies in the ,patent ,office1 that the obtaining of some kind of a patent places an ,aladdin's ,lamp at your disposal4 ,you have not got anything positive as yet to get a patent on--the fact is you only think you have something--but your judgment may not be the very best on the subject for your own good4 ,take your sketches and your specifications and consult a competent1 reputable engineer1 and he will tell you what are the prospects and probabilities of your invention4 ,if your invention is a valuable one1 engage his services to re-design it for you1 and to make it practical4 ,don't think that because you are an inventor you are necessarily a natural born engineer4 ,they don't grow that way4 ,but be wise enough to know what you don't know1 and to get the right services from the right man4 ,after your engineer has incorporated your invented idea in a suitable body1 try to get your protection in the ,patent ,office on the form in which you intend utilizing your idea4 ,no patents are granted on ideas4 ,you will find the money spent on engineering your invention well spent1 as very often large sums of money would be saved in making models and experimenting1 and litigation would often be avoided if the inventor would have the practical horse sense to go to a competent engineer when in need of engineering skill4 ,in designing and inventing a machine for doing certain work on a certain article which is otherwise done by hand1 it does not necessarily follow that the machine must imitate in its actions the method employed by hand in accomplishing the same ends4 ,that is very often not the only or the best method of doing it4 ,while it is desirable for the machine to accomplish as good1 or better1 results than is accomplished by hand process1 it may be far from desirable for the machine to imitate in its action the ,,hand ,,process in doing it4 ,that may be a very roundabout way of doing it1 and may not lend itself to simple and desirable mechanical manipulation4 ,for that reason the inventor of a labor-saving machine may often have to first invent a new process for bringing about certain results on the substances on which his machine is to operate1 that may be radically different from the method employed by hand4 ,illustration3 ,,an ,,intelligent ,,and ,,prudent ,,inventor ,,will ,,carefully ,,note ,,his ,,own ,,capacity4 ,it is therefore obvious that1 to invent a labor-saving machine successfully1 it is first necessary to determine the executive method of operation1 and often to invent a more suitable and adaptable one before inventing the means for accomplishing the same1 as the executive part of his contemplated machine is his problem1 and the ease or difficulty of its solution depends upon its simplicity4 ,the intelligent and prudent inventor will carefully note his own special capacity1 aptitude1 taste1 education1 training1 experience1 and opportunity in certain directions4 ,he will carefully weigh and measure so far as possible in advance his proposed undertaking1 and when finally decided upon1 he will set himself to work enthusiastically on the lines laid down in this article1 and with all the devotion and tenacity that is in him1 knowing no defeat1 learning and finding new means to solve the problem from every set-back and apparent failure1 until he will bring it to a successful accomplishment1 and actually tear ,victory from the ,jaws of ,defeat4 ,,chapter #af ,,pert ,,pointers ,,for ,,prospective ,,inventors ,,that ,,will ,,be ,,found ,,helpful ,while it is impossible to lay down fixed rules for the would-be successful inventor to follow1 the following will be found useful3 ,observe everything carefully4 ,try to remember everything you see4 ,acquire the habit of concentration4 ,reason logically4 ,do not overlook details4 ,be a hard worker4 ,keep your mouth shut4 ,don't count your chickens before they are hatched4 ,don't get inflated with your superiority1 neglecting to avail yourself of the accumulated knowledge and experience of others4 ,don't imagine yourself a ,solomon4 ,don't bite off more than you can swallow4 7,read sop's fable about the ,eagle and the ,jackdaw47 ,don't set yourself a ,quixotic task1 and1 on the other hand1 don't think it is impossible for you to succeed where others have failed4 ,illustration3 ,,observe ,,everything ,,carefully4 ,,try ,,to ,,remember ,,everything ,,you ,,see4 ,,reason ,,logically4 ,,do ,,not ,,overlook ,,details4 ,do not start an advance account in greatness by telling everybody you come in contact with what a wonderful invention you are working on1 thereby trying to enhance your importance with them4 ,remember you are not ,it until you have succeeded1 and when you do1 the world will know it soon enough1 and you will not suffer by reason of its having found it out for itself4 ,remember an inventor is only judged by what he has made good1 not by what he has attempted4 ,don't1 oh6 please don't go about with a face as solemn and anxious as if you were an ,atlas4 ,using the inside of your head1 should not be sufficient reason for neglecting the outside of it by boycotting the barber4 ,hair is not ,wisdom teeth4 ,do not waste your time complaining for the want of appreciation in your wife1 for the great ideas you have in your head4 ,she may have a strain of ,missourian blood in her veins1 and ,she wants to be shown4 ,when you do1 you can be sure she will not be slow in handing you up the sugar lumps4 ,because ,shakespeare1 ,napoleon1 ,ruskin1 etc41 have parted from the partners of their youth1 should not lead you to the deduction that it necessarily is the earmarks of greatness to cast aside1 when you have become successful1 the sharer of your early poverty and struggles4 ,you will be greater by not following anybody's example1 in that respect4 ,illustration3 ,,don',t ,,imagine ,,yourself ,a ,,solomon4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,eagle ,,and ,,the ,,jackdaw4 ,,don',t ,,bite ,,off ,,more ,,than ,,you ,,can ,,swallow4 ,illustration3 ,,don',t ,,set ,,yourself ,a ,,quixotic ,,task4 ,illustration3 ,,don',t ,,go ,,about ,,with ,a ,,face ,,as ,,solemn ,,and ,,anxious ,,as ,,though ,,you ,,were ,,atlas4 ,illustration3 ,,she ,,wants ,,to ,,be ,,shown4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,,she ,,will ,,not ,,be ,,slow ,,in ,,handing ,,you ,,up ,,the ,,sugar ,,lumps4 ,illustration3 ,,to ,,cast ,,aside ,,when ,,you ,,become ,,successful ,,the ,,sharer ,,of ,,your ,,early ,,poverty ,,and ,,struggles4 ,illustration3 ,,you ,,will ,,be ,,greater ,,by ,,not ,,following ,,anybody',s ,,example ,,in ,,that ,,respect4 ,illustration3 ,,only ,a ,,temperate ,,abstemious ,,regime ,,of ,,life ,,can ,,give ,,the ,,healthy ,,brain4 ,illustration3 ,,don',t ,,forget ,,the ,,people ,,you ,,knew4 ,remember that only a temperate abstemious rgime of life can give you the healthy brain required for the successful accomplishment of anything worth doing4 ,don't fail to give credit to others when it is due4 ,don't forget to repay those who have helped to make your success possible1 and1 lastly1 gain your success in such a manner that your enjoyment of its reward will not be marred by the remorse of your conscience4 ,,chapter #ag ,,protection ,,of ,,an ,,invention ,the protection of an invention implies the dual problem of how to prevent others from stealing the product of one's mental labor1 and of how to insure a fair share of its value to the inventor4 ,to solve that problem absolutely is of course no more possible than the absolute prevention of the pilfering of anything else of value in the world1 but it may be made as secure as the present circumstances in the case will permit if the inventor1 to use a slang expression1 will be on to the game4 ,to be that1 he first has to know with whom he has to reckon1 and how the stealing is done1 and the best way to checkmate it4 ,,chapter #ah ,,various ,,ways ,,employed ,,to ,,cheat ,,and ,,rob ,,inventors ,while it is impossible to enumerate all of the different methods employed in bringing about the proverbial slip between the cup and the inventor's lip1 a few of the usual means1 and those generally adopted1 in fact so general1 that they have come to be looked upon as almost legitimate1 established precedents1 are as follows3 ,if the inventor is in the employ of a company manufacturing goods1 to which his invention is a valuable addition1 the company simply takes it1 and applies for a patent on the same1 as being the original inventor4 ,in most cases the inventor is not even informed of the patent application1 and generally some high official in the company's employ claims and gets the credit and reward for inventing it4 ,should that invention be very valuable1 or the inventor commits the indiscretion of making other inventions1 he will be promptly discharged on one pretense or another1 to be rid of his presence1 so as to nip any possible trouble in the bud1 and the poor inventor has to drift for a while until he strikes something again and probably has a similar experience in the course of time1 if he did not get wise by his last experience4 ,another pet practice is for a concern to boldly take another man's invention that is valuable to it1 and work it as if it were its own1 of course making money out of it1 and very often doing so undisturbed4 ,this may be possible for a variety of reasons1 such as1 being at a distance from the inventor and his having no means of finding it out2 or1 again1 he may be dead1 and his rightful heirs may have no knowledge of the patent1 its value or its infringement4 ,but should even the inventor be alive and find them out and attempt to call them to account1 he will promptly be informed to go and see their lawyers1 which is only another way of telling him1 well1 what are you going to do about it8 ,for if he goes to see their lawyers1 they will most condescendingly and patronizingly inform him that that patent is not valid1 and advise him not to bother his head about it1 as it would do him no good4 ,and unless he has the means to engage lawyers1 who require fat retainers1 he is absolutely helpless1 and the exploiters of his invention can enjoy their ill-gotten gains with impunity4 ,,chapter #ai ,,government ,,connivance ,,at ,,the ,,despoiling ,,of ,a ,,poor ,,inventor ,incredible1 yet it is true1 that if a patent is infringed upon1 and for some reason the inventor1 though cognizant of it1 does not commence suit1 it is held that he acquiesced in the same1 and the parties who are stealing his invention1 as well as others1 can go on robbing him with impunity4 ,the ,,interference trick is usually resorted to1 to transfer a valuable invention from a poor but rightful owner to those who want it1 and have the money to make profitable use of it and pay for the trick4 ,the most surprising part of it is that it is done quite legally and generally successfully and with no comeback4 ,it is also very remarkable for its simplicity of procedure1 which is usually as follows3 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,swipeing ,,mfg4 ,,co4 ,,have ,,stolen ,,my ,,invention4 ,illustration3 ,,we ,,must ,,have #ajjj ,,dollars ,,as ,a ,,retaining ,,fee4 ,illustration3 ,,defended ,,in ,,court 99 99 99 99 ,,on ,,technicalities4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,exploiters ,,of ,,his ,,invention ,,can ,,enjoy ,,their ,,ill-,,gotten ,,gains ,,with ,,impunity4 ,a manufacturer of a certain line of goods makes it his business promptly to obtain copies of all patents in his own line of goods as soon as they are issued4 ,when he finds something that he thinks he wants or can use to advantage in his business1 he promptly goes ahead1 starts to make it by copying the patent illustration in the published records1 and as promptly and innocently files a patent application in the patent office1 which is an exact duplicate and copy of the other man's patent that has been issued and published4 ,in due course he gets the return of his patent application from the patent office with the citation against it of the other man's patent that he is copying4 ,he then promptly notes the date of the patent application of the other man's patent and files what is called in the patent office as ,,interference1 simply claiming that he invented his invention or thought about it1 or dreamed about it at a previous time1 allowing himself a sufficient margin of a year or two before the date of application of the other man's patent1 and thereby claiming himself the rightful inventor of the same1 boosting up his own false affidavit by one or two lying witnesses1 which experience has demonstrated is a commercial commodity4 ,having done that1 it is necessary for the right inventor1 who has received due notice from the ,patent ,office1 to come and defend his title to his patent1 in spite of the fact that the patent has been issued to him after the customary and usual formalities in due legal form1 and payment of all legal fees4 ,in order to defend the same now1 he is obliged to engage attorneys who require the usual and indispensable retainers1 fees1 etc41 without any certainty at all of being able to retain his just claim to his patent1 for the very simple reason that the time of the filing of his patent was probably within a reasonable time of the making of his invention1 and he has to combat the sworn testimony of his adversaries1 who have given themselves ample latitude in insuring their priority claim4 ,while they are swearing falsely1 they reason1 and rightly so1 that it is no more criminal to lie by the year than by the month1 and consequently they make sure of it1 and give themselves plenty of rope1 with the result that the rightful inventor1 after paying his original fees for the obtaining of the patents and the second fees for defending it1 usually loses the same and his invention1 simply because circumstances and his conscience do not permit him to defend himself against his adversaries with the same weapons he is attacked with1 namely1 perjury2 thus he remains by force of circumstances an honest man considerably poorer1 and a whole lot wiser by his experience4 ,,chapter #bj ,,old ,,and ,,common ,,tricks ,,employed ,,to ,,do ,,an ,,inexperienced ,,inventor ,another method in vogue for appropriating other people's inventions1 is to copy it1 making some slight minor change in it1 and defend it in court1 if need be1 on technicalities4 ,there are still other ways1 by which inventors often lose their just dues1 which is generally the fault of their own inexperience1 as for instance1 by giving exclusive manufacturing privileges to somebody without a reasonable guarantee1 for the making of a certain quantity per stipulated period4 ,the possessor of the privilege will then only have to make one in the whole life of the contract1 and thereby rid himself of a competitive article from the market1 at the inventor's expense4 ,then there are various methods of avoiding the payment of royalties on all that's made1 by getting them made at different places1 unknown to the inventor1 and by keeping two sets of books4 ,if the invention forms the basis of a ,stock ,company1 by allowing the inventor only a minority of the stock1 and taking all of the earnings of the invention in large salaries by the controlling parties1 thus leaving the inventor out in the cold4 ,,chapter #ba ,,the ,,root ,,of ,,the ,,evil ,the different ways of appropriating other people's invention without giving any equivalent for it1 are made possible by our existing laws which are notoriously defective for insuring justice and equity to those who labor with their brains1 who1 in the opinion of most people1 are as deserving of protection1 in the enjoyment of the fruits of their labor1 as they who work with their hands4 ,if the man who cultivates the soil1 raises a crop and when the same is ripe1 some one should come and boldly reap and harvest the same1 and carry it off to his barn and enjoy the proceeds thereof1 the law would immediately lay its hands on that person1 deprive him of his stolen goods1 to return the same to the rightful owner4 ,the community would also be wrought up in righteous indignation and add its ostracism of the malefactor1 even after he has been deprived of his stealings1 suffered the penalty1 and is probably penitent4 ,but it is different1 oh6 how different1 if the stolen property is a mental instead of a hand product4 ,it ought to be apparent that there is a defect somewhere in the profound reasoning of our august law-makers and honorable jurists in framing and interpreting our laws for protection of property that makes it possible for a man to arrest another man that he has found in possession of his plow1 while allowing a man to steal another man's invention1 for the improvement of all plows1 and to throw the inventor out of his office for attempting to remonstrate with him for appropriating his property4 ,,chapter #bb ,,comparative ,,legal ,,protection ,,afforded ,,to ,,mental ,,and ,,physical ,,property ,the law is very partial in protecting the rightful owner in possession of that which to produce requires but manual labor and very little preparation1 but it gives no practical protection to the rightful owner in securing to him even a part of the benefits of his production1 if the same is the result of the labors of the brain1 after spending many years in hard and careful study in making it possible for him to accomplish it4 ,dame ,justice with unsheathed sword stands guard over the cellar of potatoes that took three months for the ox and his owner to produce1 but she is entirely indifferent if an intelligent and educated engineer is robbed of the results of his labors of several years1 after collecting a fee from him for doing that which it does not do1 and which it ought to do freely4 ,it is manifestly a peculiar logic1 entirely at variance with the rules1 that govern the ideas of equity4 ,the man who produces a field of corn that will feed a dozen cows is directly protected in the possession thereof by the paid officers of the law of the community1 while the man who1 by his exertions1 lightens the burdens of millions of human beings has no claim upon the services of the community's enforcers of the law of property rights4 ,,chapter #bc ,,the ,,utter ,,helplessness ,,of ,a ,,poor ,,inventor ,,to ,,obtain ,,justice ,it is confessedly an enigma to many a man1 why if an inventor is so unlucky as not to possess the large sums of money required to engage the services of competent attorneys1 he must be content to see the despoiler of the fruits of his labor enjoy it4 ,and should he1 the inventor1 be so indecorous as to accuse him of it1 the law will immediately fly to the assistance of his despoiler1 and clap the unlucky inventor in jail for libel4 ,again1 if a man1 as member of a corporation1 appropriates another man's property the law does not permit him to retain it1 or exempt him from the consequences of this unlawful action by reason of any limitation of responsibility as a member of a corporation4 ,but1 should the corporation appropriate another man's invention1 and after expensive and long drawn-out litigations1 the inventor should be awarded damages from the company for exploiting his invention1 all the company has to do to avoid paying the award is to fail1 and the same individuals can re-organize to do the same business under a new charter and name1 and may steal the same inventor's patent again1 providing it pays it to do so1 and the inventor would have to commence to fight again in court4 ,illustration3 ,,why1 ,,oh ,,why1 ,,is ,,the ,,stealing ,,of ,,one ,,kind ,,of ,,property ,a ,,criminal ,,offense1 ,,another ,,only ,a ,,civil ,,tort8 ,,the ,,law ,,is ,,very ,,powerful ,,in ,,protecting ,,the ,,rightful ,,owner4 ,,dame ,,justice ,,with ,,unsheathed ,,sword ,,stands ,,guard ,,over ,,the ,,cellar ,,of ,,potatoes4 ,,no ,,claim ,,upon ,,the ,,services ,,of ,,the ,,community',s ,,officers ,,of ,,the ,,law4 ,why1 oh why1 is the stealing of one kind of property a criminal offense1 and another only a civil tort8 ,,chapter #bd ,,public ,,attitude ,,towards ,,him ,,who ,,steals ,,physical ,,and ,,to ,,the ,,one ,,who ,,steals ,,mental ,,property ,good people will justly gather up their coat-tails in holy horror1 when perchance they come in contact with a man convicted of highway robbery1 but when has a man been expelled from ,church membership1 or from fashionable clubs1 who has lost a patent suit by a clear case of intentional infringement being proven against him8 ,at present it would seem that many inventors have a special reason for deploring the decadence of the ,eternal ,brimstone-,doctrine1 as punishment for wrong-doing1 especially for the breaking of the ,eighth and ,tenth ,commandments1 as its modern substitute of ,thou shalt not steal1 less-than-necessary-for-lawyers'-fees-to -absolve-you-and-a-reasonable-margin-of- profit1 manifestly is broad enough to include the stealing of inventive production4 ,,chapter #be ,,present ,,available ,,means ,,of ,,protecting ,,an ,,invention ,to protect an invention is indeed a very serious problem1 under any and all circumstances1 yet there are certain conditions that will protect it in a measure4 ,the first and most potent is to have a good deal of money to fight infringements with1 for money not only has the famed virtue of covering a multitude of sins1 but of keeping others from sinning against you4 ,illustration3 ,,but ,,is ,,it ,,different ,,oh6 ,,now6 ,,if ,,the ,,stolen ,,property ,,is ,a ,,mental ,,instead ,,of ,a ,,hand ,,product8 ,,the ,,community ,,would ,,be ,,wrought ,,up ,,in ,,righteous ,,indignation4 ,second3 ,good and careful invention and designing by making the mechanical contrivance as nearly basic as the circumstances will permit1 and to design and invent contrivances for the same purpose in as many other ways from the one to be used as possible1 and by patenting the same1 making it harder for anybody else to get around it4 ,third3 ,to so develop your means of producing your invention1 that they will enable you to hold your own in competition in the market should it come4 ,fourth3 ,to have a good patent lawyer draw your patent claims4 ,fifth3 ,if possible have that lawyer interested in your invention4 ,sixth3 ,never give it out to be worked on a royalty1 unless it is to some party with whose ability and integrity you are satisfied1 and even then have a clearly defined contract in writing as to quantities and conditions4 ,seventh3 ,if the invention is assigned to a corporation1 do not leave yourself with a minority of stock if you can at all help it1 but if you cannot possibly avoid parting with a majority of the stock1 identify and amalgamate your interests with some other stockholder in your company1 that in combination with him will give you a majority and control2 and arrange if possible for your services to be indispensable and profitable to the company4 ,last1 never sign an agreement with anybody assigning to them all of your future improvements and inventions you may make for the same purpose4 ,you will be reasonably protected if you can keep that up your sleeve4 ,for the world is usually more mindful of the man with the ,big ,stick than with the ,big ,grievance4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,world ,,is ,,usually ,,more ,,mindful ,,of ,,the ,,man ,,with ,,the ,,big ,,stick1 ,,than ,,with ,,the ,,big ,,grievance4 ,,chapter #bf ,,comparative ,,government ,,treatment--,a ,,bounty ,,for ,,raising ,,sugar ,,beets1 ,,but ,a ,,tax ,,on ,,inventions ,laws are framed and a great deal of money spent by our ,government for the encouragement of useful production by its people4 ,for illustration1 it is considered that the best way to produce sugar1 is the raising of the sugar cane which is raised in the world in sufficient quantities to meet all possible demands1 and naturally enough in places where it can be raised to the best advantage4 ,many of those places are under the ,stars and ,stripes1 namely1 ,louisiana1 ,hawaii1 ,porto ,rico1 and the ,philippine ,islands4 ,yet if a citizen who1 on his farm1 could produce many diverse articles and sell the same to advantage1 chooses instead to raise a vegetable 7beets71 from which sugar can be manufactured at a disadvantage1 expects and receives from the ,government not only absolute protection of his production1 and also the securing of an enhanced price for the same1 through a high tariff1 but an actual bonus of money known as a bounty4 ,but the inventor who bestows great benefits on his fellow citizens and the world at large1 and gives it that which can not be had at all elsewhere at the time1 is evidently not deemed by our law-makers of sufficient importance to receive any encouragement or justice4 ,from what has been said here1 it ought to be very evident that there is a wide difference in the treatment meted out by our ,government to him who renders services to society by digging in the dirt1 and to him who digs in the brain4 ,illustration3 ,,difference ,,in ,,the ,,treatment ,,meted ,,out ,,by ,,our ,,government ,,to ,,him ,,who ,,renders ,,services ,,to ,,society1 ,,by ,,digging ,,in ,,the ,,dirt1 ,,and ,,to ,,him ,,who ,,uses ,,the ,,brain4 ,,chapter #bg ,,society',s ,,debt ,,to ,,the ,,inventor ,it is certainly good and just public policy that the ,government should spend a good deal of money for the benefit of the farmers1 but where is the justice and the good public policy in making money out of the inventors8 7,see statistics of the fiscal returns from the ,patent ,office47 ,is the former more indispensable to society than the latter8 ,has not the ingenuity of the inventor enabled even the farmer1 the special proteg of the ,government1 to get greater returns from his labor than ever in the history of the world8 ,has he not made his task lighter1 and has he not enabled him to get more of the good things of the world for the earnings of his labor8 ,and is it not in a great measure through the inventor's ingenuity and industry that this country has attained its unprecedented prosperity in ,peace and mighty potency in ,war8 ,,chapter #bh ,,comparative ,,protection ,,given ,,by ,,the ,,government ,our formidable warships are always ready to race to the furthest end of the world to protect our merchants and their wares4 ,even our missionaries have the moral support of our strong arm1 in forcing on the so-called heathens the barter of cozy corners in ,heaven for cash down1 but it is a notorious fact that certain so-called civilized countries are making it their habit and custom quite openly to appropriate every invention that is worth appropriating1 providing the inventor is a foreigner1 and the unfortunate inventor has not even got a cause of action at law1 nor would the inventor's complaint at the ,state ,department be productive of anything more substantial than polite regrets4 ,these modern ,barbary ,pirates need not fear another ,commodore ,perry1 so long as they devote their depredations solely to the comparatively more valuable production of the brains instead of the hands4 ,illustration3 ,,has ,,not ,,the ,,ingenuity ,,of ,,the ,,inventor ,,enabled ,,even ,,the ,,farmer 99 99 99 ,,to ,,get ,,greater ,,returns ,,for ,,his ,,labor8 99 99 99 ,,has ,,he ,,not ,,made ,,his ,,work ,,lighter ,,and ,,has ,,he ,,not ,,enabled ,,him ,,to ,,get ,,more ,,of ,,the ,,good ,,things ,,of ,,this ,,world8 ,illustration3 ,,through ,,the ,,inventor',s ,,ingenuity ,,and ,,industry ,,this ,,country ,,has ,,attained ,,its ,,mighty ,,potency ,,in ,,war4 ,,chapter #bi ,,the ,,law',s ,,definition ,,of ,,property--,,and ,,public ,,policy ,evidently the law's definitions of ,industry and ,property are only that which were known and accepted as such before the ,era of ,mechanical ,inventions4 ,and while the law is sufficiently modern in exacting a fee from this modern class of toilers1 yet it has not modernized sufficiently to extend to them the encouragement and protection that in all reason and justice they are entitled to1 even without additional exaction from them1 and it is also against public policy4 ,full many a gem of purest ray serene the dark unfathomed caves of ocean bear4 ,full many a flower is born to blush unseen and waste its sweetness on the desert air4 ,many a great invention to increase human comfort and happiness would be given to the world1 if inventors were given that encouragement and protection which their genius1 industry and usefulness deserve4 ,,chapter #cj ,,the ,,successful ,,inventor ,one has indeed to be more than ordinarily gifted1 and most carefully trained in many directions1 spiritual1 mental and physical1 to be a successful inventor4 ,to improve by one's own ability and efforts the results of any phase of human activities2 to conceive1 execute and adopt and introduce a new and improved method for the carrying out of certain human exertions without infringing upon1 or appropriating the efforts of others2 to secure a fair and just share of its benefits1 to be translated to higher planes of life1 without becoming over-conscious of it2 to be called to the management of affairs involving the interests1 and welfare of others2 to be able to do so1 not only profitably1 but in a manner to gain1 hold and preserve the esteem of our fellow-beings1 is indeed a creditable achievement4 ,well worth the ambition of every high-minded person extraordinarily gifted4 ,it requires the proverbial wisdom of an owl1 the cunning of a fox1 and the courage and strength of a lion4 ,if the true history of all the pre-eminent inventors should be written1 it would be a record of ,making the most of oneself1 painstaking labor1 and of constant devotion to duty1 of as brave and as true men as ever wore brass buttons and gold lace2 who1 without martial glamour and loud acclaim1 quietly solve and overcome great difficulties1 against discouraging odds1 and attain good results4 ,,chapter #ca ,,comparative ,,treatment ,,the ,,world ,,accords ,,to ,,them1 ,,and ,,summary ,the world pays no heed to the efforts and struggles of such men1 often neglects to reward their good achievements1 yet it never fails to avail itself of their benefits4 ,the ,monetary reward meted out by the world to even the most successful inventors is insignificant1 compared to the benefits bestowed upon it by the beneficiary of its gratitude4 ,the world is full of monuments and statues to them who have or have tried to benefit it by destruction and slaughter1 and by the making of widows and orphans1 but one would have to use ,diogenes' ,candle1 to find the monuments to them who have benefited the world1 by giving it untold wealth and happiness1 without sorrow or suffering1 except to themselves1 through scientific and mechanical research and invention4 ,the feeling of having benefited our fellows1 of having helped to improve the world for others1 as others have done for us1 the sweet consciousness of having given the world ,what was best in us1 is the true and only adequate reward to him who has given his best efforts to lighten human burdens and increase their happiness4 ,transcriber's note3 ,minor spelling inconsistencies1 mainly hyphenated words1 have been harmonized4 ,obvious typos have been corrected4 ,an ,illustrations section has been added as an aid for the reader4