,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,bold text d5ot$ by equal signs4 ,italics d5ot$ ) und]scores4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*>les ,,d[n+ ,,/ate ,,( ,,new ,,york--,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture ,tw5ty-second ,annual ,report--,vol4 #b--,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,*]ries ,,( ,,new ,,york ,,by ,u4 ,p4 ,,h$rick ,,assi/$ ,,by ,g4 ,h4 ,,h[e ,o4 ,m4 ,,taylor ,c4 ,b4 ,,tub]g5 ,r4 ,,well+ton ,report ( ! ,new ,york ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation = ! ,ye> #aiad ,,ii ,,albany ,j4 ,b4 ,,lyon ,,company1 ,,/ate ,,pr9t]s #aiae ,,new ,,york ,,agricultural ,,exp]im5t ,,/ation1 ,,g5eva1 ,n4 ,y41 ,janu>y #ab1 #aiae ,to ! ,honorable ,bo>d ( ,control ( ! ,new ,york ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation3 ,,g5tlem53--,i h ! honor to transmit h]e) ! manuscript copy = ,"p ,,ii ( ! #cc;d ,annual ,report ( ?is ,/ation4 ,?is contribution is ! f\r? monograph on ! fruits ( ,new ,york ,/ate1 prep>$ "u y\r direction by ! ,horticulturi/ ( ?is in/itution & 8 associates4 ,! *]ry1 :i* ?is manuscript discusses1 is und\bt$ly mo/ widely gr[n ( ! tree-fruits ( ! ,/ate2 = )9 easy rea* ( e rural h\sewife--9 or*>d or g>d51 along roadside or lane--! pie *]ry w be f\nd2 & _m a lawn1 ev5 9 village or city1 is grac$ by ! /ately trees :i* be> ! delici\s ,yell[ ,spani% or ,black ,t>t>ian4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! ,/ate1 also1 *]ry gr[+ is an indu/ry ( mu* comm]cial importance1 ) or*>ds exce$$ 9 value by ^? ( ! apple & pea* alone4 ,because ( its widespread popul>ity & comm]cial importance ! *]ry well m]its treatm5t 9 ?is place 9 ! s]ies ( monographs4 ,x is hop$ & believ$ t ! gr[]s & lov]s ( ! fruit w appreciate & utilize to good advantage ! result "h pres5t$ ( ye>s ( pa9/ak+ "w by ! au?ors4 ,! discussions are bas$ n alone on ,/ation exp]i5ce ) hundr$s ( ! ?\s& or m v>ieties describ$1 b z well ^u ! collect$ obs]vations ( _m *]ry gr[]s & ! express$ judgm5ts ( ! lead+ pomologi/s :o h be5 int]e/$ 9 ?is fruit4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,jordan1 ,director ,,preface ,?is is ! f\r? ( ! monographs on ! fruits ( temp]ate ,nor? ,am]ica publi%$ by ! ,new ,york ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,! nature & purposes ( ^! treatises h be5 set =? 9 ! prefaces ( prec$+ volumes1 b a summ>y ( ! purposes1 ) ne$$ emphasis on sev]al1 is giv5 = ! conv5i5ce ( all read]s & ! enlight5m5t ( ^? :o may n h ! fir/ ?ree books4 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york conta9s an hi/orical acc\nt ( cultivat$ *]ries1 ! botany ( ?is fruit1 a /atem5t ( its pres5t economic /atus 9 ,am]ica1 descriptions ( all kn[n v>ieties ( *]ries1 ! synonymy & bibliography ( ! species & v>ieties1 & biographical sket*es ( ! p]sons :o h contribut$ mat]ially to *]ry culture 9 ,am]ica4 ,! mo/ important v>ieties are illu/rat$ 9 colors4 ,ev]y?+ t 0 ?\ght w\ld be helpful 9 bre$+ *]ries has be5 includ$1 & special se>* has be5 made = su* mat]ial4 ,s1 too1 :atev] 0 ?\ght to be ( int]e/ to /ud5ts ( ecology & ( plant di/ribution has be5 add$4 ,9 ! monographs on grapes & plums x 0 necess>y to devote mu* space to ! botanical relation%ip ( ^! fruits s9ce ea* conta9s m ?an a score ( species "u cultivation1 "s ( :i* are sc>cely kn[n & mo/ ( :i* are extremely v>iable4 ,! botany ( cultivat$ *]ries is comp>atively simple & has be5 made pla9 by botanical writ]s4 ,yet ! contemplation ( ! sev]al species f a horticultural /&po9t adds some?+1 we believe1 to ! botany ( *]ries1 especially z conc]ns ! =ms ( ! ,sweet ,*]ry & ! ,s\r ,*]ry :i* h be5 v>i\sly treat$ by botani/s4 ,z comp>$ ) _! cong5]s1 especially ! plums1 ! economic species ( *]ries are rem>kably well delimit$1 %[+ f> less responsiv5ess to environm5t & hav+ seem+ly less inh]5t v>iation1 s t !re ne$ be little confusion 9 botanical classification4 ,on ! o!r h& v>ieties are s simil> t x is only ) ! greate/ difficulty t closely relat$ sorts are di/+ui%$ & !re is great confusion 9 ! synonymy1 ! *ief task ( ! pres5t "w be+ to di/+ui% ! true names f ! synonyms ( ! v>ieties describ$4 ,9 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york1 z 9 ! prec$+ fruit books f ?is ,/ation1 ef=t has be5 made to give z accurately z possible ! region 9 :i* ! species & v>ieties gr[ be/ & to set =? fully ! local prejudices ( ! fruits4 ,su* k _c b be ( value 9 det]m9+ ! factors :i* gov]n ! di/ribution ( plants4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( community relation%ips & description ( plant communities n[ con/itute an important "p ( botany on ! "o side & ( geography on ! o!r4 ,no ph5om5a give bett] expression ( ! climate & ! soil ( a region ?an plant communities4 ,:5 monographs ( sev]al ( ! fruits ( temp]ate ,nor? ,am]ica %all h be5 complet$1 ) /atem5ts ( likes & dislikes ( ! fruits & _! v>ieties z to climate & soil1 mat]ial %\ld be available to e/abli% plant communities f :i* c be drawn valuable g5]alizations4 ,all1 h[soev] int]e/$ 9 pomology1 are dep5d5t ^u descriptions ( fruits4 ,a well-made description ( a fruit1 to "o m5tally equipp$ to int]pret x1 is second only1 9 ! /udy ( pomology1 to hav+ ! fruit itself4 ,) b few exceptions ! descriptions ( ! major v>ieties are made fir/ h& f *]ries gr[+ on ! ,/ation gr\nds1 ?\gh 9 _m cases fruits f diff]5t localities h be5 comp>$ ) ^? home-gr[n4 ,s9ce !re are few] v>ieties ( *]ries ?an ( plums1 x has be5 possible to describe & illu/rate a great] proportion ( ! sorts "u cultivation ?an 9 ! book on plums1 yet a selection has _h to be made ( ! wor?ie/ ( ! _m k9ds4 ,! *oice ( sorts = full descriptions & color-plates has be5 det]m9$3 7#a7 ,by ! pres5t value ( ! v>iety2 7#b7 ! probable value if ! v>iety be a novelty2 7#c7 by ! value ( ! data to ! *]ry bre$]2 7#d7 because ( hi/orical value--to %[ :at ! tr5d ( *]ry evolution has be52 7#e7 to %[ ! relation%ips ( species & v>ieties4 ,! v>ieties n illu/rat$ nor fully describ$ are divid$ into two fur!r gr\ps 9 accordance ) ! same consid]ations4 ,9 botanical nom5clature ! code adopt$ by ! ,int]national ,botanical ,congress1 held at ,vi5na 9 #aije1 has be5 us$4 ,9 ! use ( horticultural names we h foll[$ some:at closely ! rules ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society1 ?\gh 9 _m cases /rict obs]vance ( ^! rules1 poor at be/1 w\ld h add$ to r ?an less5$ ! confusion 9 horticultural nom5clature &1 !re=e1 !y h be5 honor$ 9 ! brea* r ?an 9 ! obs]vance4 ,! ref]5ces giv5 are ^? t h be5 ( use 9 asc]ta9+ ! hi/ory1 ! economic /atus1 or ! description ( ! v>iety t foll[s--no m1 no few]4 ,^! con/itute a v small proportion ( ! ref]5ces t h be5 read--a trem5d\s task involv+ two or ?ree ye>s' "w = sev]al p]sons4 ,s1 too1 x has be5 a h]culean task to se>* out ! synonyms ( *]ries4 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,engli% & ,am]ican books on pomology ov]fl[ ) su* synonyms & all 9 a /ate ( confusion worse conf\nd$4 ,an enorm\s am\nt ( "w has be5 done 9 try+ to br+ ord] out ( ?is confusion4 ,_m ( ! synonyms ( v>ieties h be5 giv5 9 times pa/ because ( adaptations to local environm5t4 ,su* nam+ ( ecologic =ms is n an unmix$ evil1 s9ce x draws att5tion to v>iable v>ieties & *>act]s :i* o!rwise might be ov]look$4 ,"u ! f]m5t ( ,m5delian & ,de ,vriesian ideas we seem to be at ! beg9n+ ( an era ( great improvem5t ( plants4 ,!re h nev] be5 well-direct$ ef=ts to improve fruits1 yet some?+ has be5 done ) all4 ,n[1 :5 !re is an onru% ( new discov]ies 9 plant-bre$+1 seems to be a p>ticul>ly opportune "t to tell all t c be le>n$ ab\t h[ *]ries h be5 br\ght f _! wild /ate to _! pres5t p]fection4 ,?is we try to d 9 giv+ ! orig9 & hi/ory ( v>ieties1 especially z to p>5tage & mann] ( orig91 ?\gh su* in=mation is scant & v fragm5t>y4 ,z 9 ! previ\s fruit books "s prom95ce is giv5 9 foot-notes to biography4 ,a k ( ! c>e] ( ^? :o h be5 giants 9 _! day 9 ! developm5t ( any indu/ry is mo/ helpful to ! be/ und]/&+1 inde$1 is almo/ indisp5sable to ! fulle/ compreh5sion1 ( ! indu/ry4 ,! %ort foot-notes1 x is hop$1 w s]ve to give "s conception ( :at ! ma/] build]s 9 pomology 7 l 9 tra9+1 "*1 & me?ods ( "w4 ,f ! reception :i* ^! sket*es 9 =m] fruit books h receiv$1 ! writ]s feel t ! consid]able exp5diture ( "t & ?\ght t ^! biographical notices h requir$ is amply ju/ifi$ & t ! ef=t to give cr$it due & "s small honor to ! promot]s ( pomology has be5 well wor? :ile4 ,= aid 9 ! prep>ation ( ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york ,i am especially indebt$ to ^? ^: names appe> on ! title page1 to my associate1 ,mr4 ,r4 ,d4 ,an?ony1 = read+ pro(2 to ! ,/ation editor1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,hall1 :o has _h *>ge ( ! pro( read+2 to ,zeese-,wilk9son ,company1 ,new ,york ,city1 :o h _h an especially difficult task 9 mak+ ! color-plates & :o h done ! "w well2 & to ! ,j4 ,b4 ,lyon ,company1 ,albany1 ,new ,york1 = _! pa9/ak+ "w 9 pr9t+ ! book4 ,u4 ,p4 ,,h$rick1 ,horticulturi/1 ,new ,york ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface v ,,index ,,to ,,illu/rations xi ,,*apt] ,i4--,,cultivat$ ,,*]ries #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,cultivat$ ,,*]ries #ci ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,*]ry ,,culture #fe ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,lead+ ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,*]ries #ig ,,*apt] ,v4--,,m9or ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,*]ries #bje ,,bibliography1 ,,ref]5ces ,,& ,,abbreviations #ccg ,,index #cdg ,,index ,,to ,,illu/rations ,,portrait ,,( ,,*>les ,,d[n+ ,frontispiece ,,fac+ ,,page ,,abbesse ,d',,oignies #ih ,,ar* ,,duke #ajj ,,b+ #ajd ,,black ,,t>t>ian #ajh ,,b\rgueil #aaj ,,brussel] ,,braune #aab ,,c>nation #aad ,,coe #abj ,,d\ble ,,natte #abd ,,d[n] #abf ,,dyeh\se #abf ,,eagle #abh ,,e>ly ,,purple #acj ,,e>ly ,,ri*mond #acb ,,elton #acf ,,empress ,,eug5ie #ach ,,engli% ,,morello #adj ,,flor5ce #adj ,,george ,,glass #adb ,,ida #add ,,kirtl& #adh ,,knight #aej ,,lamb]t #aeb ,,l>ge ,,montmor5cy #aed ,,late ,,duke #aef ,l\is ,,philippe #aeh ,,may ,,duke #afd ,,mezel #afh ,,montmor5cy #agj ,,napoleon #agb ,,n\velle ,,royale #agd ,,olivet #agf ,,o/heim #agh ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,d\ble ,,fl[]+71 ,,blossoms ,,( #cj ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,mazz>d7 #gb ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,mazz>d71 ,,blossoms ,,( #fh ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,yell[ ,,spani%71 ,,blossoms ,,( #bh ,,prunus ,,avium ,,prunus ,,c]asus 7,,re9e ,,hort5se71 ,,blossoms ,,( #cb ,,prunus ,,c]asus 7,,am>elle ,,gr\p71 ,,blossoms ,,( #bd ,,prunus ,,c]asus 7,,morello ,,gr\p71 ,,blossoms ,,( #bf ,,prunus ,,mahaleb #gd ,,prunus ,,mahaleb1 ,,blossoms ,,( #gj ,,prunus ,,tom5tosa #cd ,,re9e ,,hort5se #ahj ,,republican #ahb ,,rockport #ahb ,,royal ,,duke #ahd ,,s*midt #ahf ,,%ort-,,/em ,,montmor5cy #ahh ,,sklanka #ahh ,,suda #aib ,,timme #aib ,,vladimir #aid ,,w9dsor #aih ,,wood #bjj ,,yell[ ,,spani% #bjb ,,! ,,*]ries ,,( ,,new ,,york ,,*apt] ,i ,,cultivat$ ,,*]ries ,,*]ries ,,& ,,_! ,,k9dr$ ,! g5us ,prunus plays a v important "p 9 horticulture4 ,x furni%es1 9 temp]ate climates1 ! /one-fruits1 plants ( anci5t & mod]n agriculture ( :i* !re are a score or m commonly cultivat$ & at lea/ z _m m sp>+ly gr[n = _! edible fruits4 ,( ^! /one-fruits ! species ( *]ries rank ) ^? ( ! plum & ! pea* 9 comm]cial importance :ile ! sev]al botanical gr\ps ( ! apricot & almond are less important1 b h>dly less well-kn[n1 memb]s ( ?is notable g5us4 ,prunus is ( int]e/1 too1 because ! hi/ory ( its edible species foll[s /ep by /ep ! hi/ory ( agriculture4 ,! dome/ication ( its fruits f wild prog5itors1 mo/ ( :i* are /ill subjects ( common obs]vation1 illu/rates well ! influ5ces & conditions "u :i* plants h g5]ally be5 br\ght into dome/ication4 ,! g5us is also ( m ?an ord9>y note because ! numb] ( its economic species is be+ increas$ almo/ ye>ly by new-f\nd treasures f ,nor? ,am]ica & ,asia1 n v>ieties b species1 :i* promise "u future dome/ication /ill fur!r to enri* horticulture4 ,! plum & ! pea* surpass ! *]ry 9 div]sity ( flavor1 aroma1 texture1 color1 =m & size1 *>act]s :i* make fruits pleasant to ! palate & beautiful to ! eye2 b ! *]ry1 p]haps1 plays a m important "p ?an ! plum or ! pea* 9 dome/ic economy4 ,x has few] prejudices z to soil & climate1 h5ce is mu* m widely di/ribut$ & is m easily gr[n1 be+ bett] repres5t$ 9 ! or*>ds & g>d5s 9 ! regions :]e ! ?ree fruits gr[4 ,! *]ry1 too1 fruits m quickly aft] plant+1 rip5s e>li] 9 ! season & its v>ieties are m regul> 9 be>+ & usually m fruitful--*>act]s t greatly comm5d x to fruit-gr[+ p4 ,probably x is ! mo/ popul> ( all fruits = ! g>d51 doory>d1 roadside & small or*>d4 ,all 9 all1 :ile adorn+ a some:at humbl] place 9 pomology1 x is m g5]ally useful ?an ! %[i] & m delicate plum & pea*4 ,?\gh plac$ by mo/ botani/s 9 ! same g5us1 ea* ( ! /one-fruits con/itutes a natural gr\p s di/9ct t nei!r botani/ nor fruit-gr[] c\ld possibly take "o = ano!r z ! trees & fruits ( ! diff]5t gr\ps are call$ to m9d4 ,b !re are out/&+ =ms :i* seem to e/abli% connections betwe5 ! _m species & ! sev]al gr\ps ( fruits & ?r\gh ^! outli]s ! *>act]s are s conf\nd$ 9 attempt+ to sep>ate species t x becomes quickly app>5t t !re are few di/9ct l9es ( cleavage )9 ! g5us4 ,= sev]al c5turies sy/emati/s h disput$ z to :e!r ! /one-fruits fall mo/ naturally into "o1 two1 or ?ree g5]a--inde$ h n be5 able to agree z to :e!r "s species are plums or *]ries1 or o!rs apricots or plums4 ,hybridization betwe5 ! cultivat$ divisions ( ! g5us--unque/ionably x has tak5 place 9 nature z well--has add$ to ! p]plexities ( classification4 ,accept+1 !n1 = ! pres5t at lea/1 ! v artificial classification :i*1 r p>adoxically1 places 9 "o g5us a numb] ( fruits commonly ?\ght ( z q di/9ct1 let u briefly note ! *>act]s :i* be/ di/+ui% *]ries f _! cong5]s4 ,! *]ry is ne>e/ ( k9 to ! plum4 ,^! two are r\ghly sep>at$ f ! o!r cultivat$ memb]s ( ! g5us to :i* !y belong by be>+ _! fruits on /ems 9 fascicles :ile ! o!rs are practically /emless & are solit>y or borne 9 pairs4 ,! fruits ( plums & *]ries are globul> or oblong1 succul5t & smoo? or ne>ly s4 ,pea*es1 apricots1 nect>9es & almonds are m sulcate ?an plums & *]ries & ! almond has a dri] fle%1 splitt+ at maturity to lib]ate ! /one2 &1 ) ! exception ( nect>9es & a few v>ieties ( apricots1 all are v pubesc5t4 ,! /ones ( *]ries & plums are smoo?1 or ne>ly s1 :ile ^? ( ! o!r fruits are sculptur$ & pitt$1 ?\gh ^? ( ! apricot are (t5 some:at plum-l4 ,*]ries are sep>at$ f plums by _! small] size & di/9ctive color ( sk91 juice & fle%2 by ! texture & di/9ct flavor ( ! fle%2 by gr[? 9 corymbose r ?an umbellif]\s fascicles2 by ! m globul> /one2 & by ! arrangem5t ( ! leaves 9 ! bud4 ,leaves ( ! plum are usually convolute1 or roll$ up1 9 ! bud1 :ile ^? ( ! *]ry are conduplicate1 or fold$ l5g?wise along ! midrib4 ,we h be5 discuss+ ! *]ries ( common cultivation--! ,sweet ,*]ry & ,s\r ,*]ry ( ! or*>ds1 ! fascicl$ *]ries to :i* ! botani/s give ! gr\p "n1 ,c]asus4 ,b !re is ano!r gr\p1 ! ,padus *]ries1 well wor?y ( brief m5tion4 ,! mo/ notewor?y repres5tatives ( ,padus are ! bird *]ry 7,prunus padus7 ( ! ,old ,_w & ! *oke *]ry 7,prunus virg9iana7 ( ! ,new ,_w4 ,^! ,padus *]ries are di/+ui%$ botanically 9 hav+ _! fl[]s borne 9 racemes1 t is1 9 long clu/]s ( :i* ^? ne>e/ ! base ( ! %oot op5 fir/--r ?an 9 ! %ort-clu/]$ fascicles ( ! ,c]asus gr\p4 ,! *]ries are small & almo/ or q black4 ,! ,padus *]ries are b sp>+ly cultivat$ b und\bt$ly !y are capable ( "s improvem5t "u m ?or\gh cultivation4 ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,cultivat$ ,,*]ries ,! *]ry is "o ( ! mo/ commonly cultivat$ ( all fruits & ! _m v>ieties ( its sev]al =ms encircle ! globe 9 ! ,nor? ,temp]ate ,zone & are be+ rapidly dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t ! temp]ate p>ts ( ! ,s\!rn ,hemisph]e4 ,= c5turies x has be51 z we %all see 9 ! hi/ory ( ! species1 "o ( ! mo/ valuable fruit-produc+ trees ( ,europe & ,asia--an inhabitant ( ne>ly e or*>d & g>d5 z well z a common roadside tree 9 temp]ate climates 9 bo? cont95ts4 ,f ,europe1 z a c5t] ( di/ribution1 ! *]ry has play$ an important "p 9 ! or*>d+ 9 temp]ate regions ( o!r cont95ts4 ,9 ,nor? ,am]ica v>ieties ( ! *]ry are gr[n f ,newf\ndl& to ,vanc\v] ,isl& on ! nor?1 to ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia1 ,texas & ,florida on ! s\?1 yield+ fruit 9 a great] div]sity ( soils & climates 9 ,canada & ! ,/ates ( ! ,union ?an any o!r tree-fruit4 ,! ,s\r ,*]ry is v cosmopolitan1 ?riv+ 9 _m soils2 is able to )/& heat1 cold & great atmosph]ic dryness1 if ! soil conta9 moi/ure2 &1 ?\gh x responds to good c>e1 x gr[s "u neglect bett] ?an any o!r tree-fruit4 ,! ,s\r ,*]ry1 too1 is r less invit+ to insects & fungi ?an mo/ o!r /one-fruits1 be+ practically immune to ! dread$ ,san ,jos scale4 ,on ! o!r h& ! ,sweet ,*]ry is v fa/idi\s z to soils1 is lack+ 9 h>d9ess to bo? heat & cold & is prey to _m insects & subject to all ! ills to :i* /one-fruits are heir2 x is gr[n at its be/ 9 b few & comp>atively limit$ areas1 ?\gh ^! are v widely di/ribut$4 ,,uses ,,( ,,! ,,*]ry ,! *]ry is a delectable e>ly-summ] fruit1 especially grateful z a refre%+ dess]t & mu* valu$ 9 cook]y1 :5 fre%1 cann$1 pres]v$ or dri$1 = ! mak+ ( pies1 t>ts1 sauces & confections4 ,dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 9 ,am]ica at lea/1 ! consumption ( *]ries has be5 enorm\sly increas$ by ! fa%ion ( add+ pres]v$ *]ries1 z mu* = ornam5t z to give flavor1 to _m dr9ks & ices4 ,! great bulk ( ! *]ry crop n[ gr[n 9 ,am]ica = comm]cial purposes is cann$1 ! indu/ry be+ m or less specializ$ 9 a few fruit regions4 ,! dem& = *]ries = cann+ seems to be increas+ greatly b un=tunately x calls = b few v>ieties1 ! ,montmor5cy be+ ! sort s\ght = among ! ,s\r ,*]ries1 :ile ! h>d-fle%$ v>ieties ( ! ,big>reau type are 9 greate/ dem& among ! ,sweet ,*]ries4 ,! *]ry1 :ile a v common fruit 9 ne>ly all agricultural regions ( ,am]ica1 does n hold ! place 9 ,am]ican m>kets z a fre% fruit t x does 9 ! t[ns & cities ( ,europe4 ,! great abundance ( /rawb]ries1 raspb]ries1 currants1 gooseb]ries1 dewb]ries1 blackb]ries1 z well z e>ly v>ieties ( tree fruits1 makes ke5] "h ?an abroad ! competition 9 ! fruit m>kets dur+ *]ry "t4 ,! fact1 too1 t m>ket fruits 9 ,am]ica are %ipp$ long di/ances1 = :i* ! *]ry is n well adapt$1 helps to expla9 ! relatively small reg>d 9 :i* ?is fruit has be5 held = comm]cial purposes 9 ! fre% /ate4 ,9 rec5t ye>s1 h[ev]1 bo? ,sweet ,*]ries & ,s\r ,*]ries1 ! =m] 9 p>ticul>1 h be5 s5t to ! m>kets 9 f> great] abundance1 ! impetus to _! m>ket value be+ due to a bett] product--bett] v>ieties1 h5ce great] dem&--& to greatly improv$ facilities = %ipp+ & hold+ = sale4 ,9 ,europe sev]al liqueurs are v commonly made f *]ries bo? = home & comm]cial uses4 ,su* is n ! case 9 ,am]ica1 :]e1 except 9 v limit$ quantities 9 :i* unf]m5t$ *]ry juices are us$ 9 ! home1 ?is fruit is n us$ 9 liqueur-mak+4 ,9 "s ( ! c\ntries ( ,europe1 w9e is made f ! juice2 a _s1 kirs*wass]1#a is di/ill$ f ! f]m5t$ pulp z an article = bo? home & comm]ce2 & ratafias & cordials are v g5]ally flavor$ ) *]ries4 ,9 ! ,au/rian prov9ce ( ,dalmatia a liqueur or cordial call$ m>as*9o#b is made by a secret process ( f]m5tation & di/illation4 ,?is liqueur is import$ 9 ,am]ica 9 consid]able quantities to flavor pres]vatives 9 :i* ! home-gr[n *]ries are prep>$ = use 9 v>i\s dr9ks & confections4 ,no attempts h be5 made to gr[ ! ,m>asca *]ry on a comm]cial scale 9 ,am]ica b und\bt$ly x c\ld be gr[n &1 ) ! process ( mak+ m>as*9o discov]$1 an important use w\ld be develop$ = *]ries--all ! m to be desir$ s9ce ! =eign m>as*9o is n[ grossly adult]at$ & imitat$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,bo? ! fruits & se$s ( *]ries1 especially ( ! ,mahaleb1 are /eep$ 9 spirits = food1 dr9k & m$ic9al purposes4 ,an oil us$ 9 mak+ p]fumes = sc5t+ soaps & confection]y is also extract$ f ! se$s ( ! ,mahaleb because ( :i* use ?is species is (t5 call$ ! ,p]fum$ ,*]ry4 ,9 ! old h]bals & pomologies mu* is made ( ! value ( *]ries = m$ic9al purposes4 ,! fruit 0 suppos$ to be a sov]eign rem$y = v>i\s ailm5ts ( ! dige/ive tract z well z = n]v\s disord]s & epilepsy4 ,! a/r+5t leaves & b>k1 or extracts f !m1 7 mu* us$ by ! anci5ts 9 m$ic9e & are /ill m or less employ$ bo? z home rem$ies & 9 ! practice ( m$ic9e z mild tonics & s$atives4 ,"o ( ! active *emicals ( ! leaf1 se$ & b>k is hydrocyanic acid to :i* is l>gely due ! peculi> odor ( ^! /ructures4 ,a gum is secret$ f ! trunks ( *]ry trees1 kn[n 9 comm]ce z c]as91 :i* has "s use 9 m$ic9e & 9 v>i\s trades z well1 especially z a sub/itute & z an adult]ant ( gum arabic4 ,at lea/ ?ree cultivat$ *]ry trees produce wood ( consid]able value4 ,! wood ( ! *]ry is h>d1 close-gra9$1 solid1 durable1 a h&some pale r$1 or br[n t+$ ) r$4 ,prunus avium1 ! ,sweet ,*]ry1 furni%es a wood :i*1 if suffici5t c>e be tak5 to season x1 is ( mu* value 9 cab9et-mak+ & = ! manufacture ( musical in/rum5ts4 ,prunus mahaleb is a mu* small] tree ?an ! =m] b its wood1 z mu* z !re is ( x1 is ev5 m valuable1 be+ v h>d & fragrant & d>k en\gh 9 color to take on a beautiful mahogany-l poli%4 ,9 ,france ! wood ( ! ,mahaleb *]ry is held 9 high e/eem1 "u ! "n ,bois de ,/4 ,lucie1 9 cab9et-mak+ & = toys1 canes1 h&les & especially = ! mak+ ( tobacco pipes4 ,9 ,japan ! wood ( ,prunus pseudoc]asus is said to be 9 great dem& = engrav+ & 9 mak+ ! blocks us$ 9 pr9t+ clo? & wall-pap]4 ,9 ,am]ica ! wood ( ! or*>d species ( *]ries is seldom us$ = dome/ic purposes1 t ( ! wild species be+ s mu* m *eaply obta9able & s]v+ all purposes q z well4 ,to p :o "k x only = its fruit1 ! *]ry does n appe> p>ticul>ly desirable z an ornam5tal4 ,b wild & cultivat$ *]ries furni% _m beautiful trees 9 a g5us peculi> = ! beauty ( its species4 ,! color & abundance ( ! fl[]s1 fruits & leaves ( ! cultivat$ *]ries & ! fact t !y are prolific ( =ms ) d\ble fl[]s1 weep+1 fa/igiate or o!r ornam5tal habits1 make ! sev]al species ( ?is plant valuable z ornam5tals4 ,besides1 !y are vigor\s & rapid 9 gr[?1 h>dy1 easy ( culture1 comp>atively free f pe/s & adapt$ to a great div]sity ( soils & climates4 ,bo? ! ornam5tal & ! edible *]ries are v beautiful 9 spr+ :5 abundantly cov]$ ) fl[]s1 :i* usually op5 ) ! unfold+ leaves1 z well z ?r\gh\t ! summ] :5 ov]spread ) lu/r\s gre5 foliage & mo/ ( !m are q z conspicu\sly beautiful 9 ! autumn :5 ! leaves turn f gre5 to light & d>k t9ts ( r$4 ,all w agree t a *]ry tree 9 full fruit is a mo/ beautiful object4 ,9 ! w9t] :5 ! leaves h fall51 "s ( ! trees1 especially ( ! ornam5tal v>ieties1 are v graceful & beautiful1 o!rs are (t5 picturesque1 & ev5 ! some:at /iff & =mal ,sweet ,*]ries are attractive plants 9 ! g>d5 or along ! roadside4 ,v acceptable jellies1 sauces & pres]ves are made f sev]al ( ! wild *]ries 9 ! ,padus gr\p4 ,! peasantry ( ! ,ea/]n ,hemisph]e h 9 times ( ne$ f\nd !m important foods z h also ! ,am]ican ,indians at all times4 ,! fruits ( "s ( ! species ( ,padus are q commonly us$ 9 flavor+ liqueurs & on bo? cont95ts are sometimes f]m5t$ & di/ill$ into a liqueur simil> to kirs*wass]4 ,! b>k ( diff]5t p>ts ( ! trees ( ?is gr\p is valuable 9 m$ic9e--at lea/ is l>gely us$4 ,! trees ( sev]al species =m h&some ornam5tals & "s ( !m are 9 comm]ce = ! purpose4 ,prunus s]ot9a1 "o ( ! gr\p1 because ( ! /r5g? ( its wood & ! beautiful sat9y poli% :i* its surface is capable ( receiv+1 is a valuable timb] tree ( ,am]ican =e/s4 ,= ! products ( ! memb]s ( ?is gr\p1 z j set =?1 ! dome/ication ( "s ( ! species ( ,padus might well be pu%$4 #a ,kirs*wass] z a comm]cial article is made *iefly on ! upp] ,rh9e f ! wild black ,sweet ,*]ry 7,prunus avium74 ,9 its manufacture1 fruit--fle% & k]nels--is ma%$ into a pulp :i* is all[$ to f]m5t4 ,by di/illation f ?is f]m5t$ pulp a colorless liqueur is obta9$4 #b ,m>as*9o is a liqueur1 or cordial1 made f ! fruit & leaves ( ! small1 s\r1 black ,m>asca *]ry4 ,! product comes *iefly f ,z>a1 ! capital ( ! ,au/rian prov9ce ( ,dalmatia1 :]e x has be5 made & export$ = ov] #bjj ye>s4 ,su* acc\nts ( ! process ( mak+ m>as*9o z h become public seem to agree t ! liqueur is a di/illation ( a compote made f ! fruit & "y leaves4 ,:5 ripe ! *]ries are pick$ e>ly 9 ! morn+ & s5t at once to ! di/ill]y :]e ! /ones are extract$ by ma*9]y4 ,! leaves are cut1 press$ & add$ to ! fruit ) sug> & alcohol4 ,?is mixture is all[$ to f]m5t = six mon?s or !reab\ts & f x is !n di/ill$ m>as*9o4 ,x is !n /or$ 9 cell>s = ?ree ye>s be=e be+ plac$ on ! m>kets4 ,9 bo? ,europe & ,am]ica !re are _m imitations ( ! m>as*9o liqueur 9 :i* nei!r fruit nor foliage ( ! ,m>asca nor any o!r *]ry has any "p4 ,accord+ to ! ,dalmatians all attempts to improve ! ,m>asca *]ry by culture h fail$4 ,!y say1 too1 t x w n ?rive else:]e ?an 9 ,dalmatia4 ,"u culture1 ! fruits & leaves lose _! di/9ctive aroma & ta/e z !y d on any b ! native soil ( ! v>iety4 ,! poor]1 sp>s] & m rocky ! f]rug9\s soil1 ! wild] ! tree1 ! small] & s\r] ! *]ries1 ! bett] ! m>as*9o liqueur--s ! pres5t mak]s say4 ,s9ce consid]able quantities ( *]ries are put up 9 ,am]ica 9 m>as*9o1 or its imitation1 & ! manufacture ( su* products is a gr[+ indu/ry1 ! foll[+ rul+ by ! ,bo>d ( ,food & ,drug ,inspection ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 tak5 f ,food ,inspection ,decision #ada1 is ( int]e/ to gr[]s1 cann]s & us]s ( *]ries3 ,9 consid]+ ! products prep>$ f ! l>ge light-color$ *]ry ( ! ,napoleon ,big>reau1 or ,royal ,anne type1 :i* are artificially color$ & flavor$ & put up 9 a sug> sirup1 flavor$ ) v>i\s mat]ials1 ! ,bo>d has rea*$ ! conclusion t ?is product is n prop]ly entitl$ to be call$ ',m>as*9o ,*]ries1' or ',*]ries 9 ,m>as*9o4' ,if1 h[ev]1 ^! *]ries are pack$ 9 a sirup1 flavor$ ) m>as*9o alone1 x is ! op9ion ( ! ,bo>d t !y w\ld n be misbr&$1 if label$ ',*]ries1 ,m>as*9o ,flavor1' or ',m>as*9o ,flavor$ ,*]ries4' ,if ^! *]ries are pack$ 9 m>as*9o liqueur !re w\ld be no objection to ! phrase ',*]ries 9 ,m>as*9o4' ,:5 ^! artificially color$ *]ries are put up 9 a sirup flavor$ 9 imitation ( m>as*9o1 ev5 ?\gh ! flavor+ may consi/ 9 "p ( m>as*9o1 x w\ld n be prop] to use ! ^w ',m>as*9o' 9 connection ) ! product unless prec$$ by ! ^w ',imitation4' ,!y may1 h[ev]1 be label$ to %[ t !y are a pres]v$ *]ry1 artificially color$ & flavor$4 ,! pres5ce ( artificial color+ or flavor+ matt]1 ( any sub/itute = cane sug>1 & ! pres5ce & am\nt ( b5zoate ( soda1 :5 us$ 9 ^! products mu/ be pla9ly /at$ ^u ! label 9 ! mann] provid$ 9 ,food ,inspection ,decisions ,nos4 #eb & #ajd4 ,,lit]ature ,,( ,,! ,,*]ry ,despite ! important "p !y h play$ 9 or*>d+ s9ce ! dome/ication ( fruits 9 temp]ate zones1 z %[n by _! hi/ory & _! pres5t popul>ity1 pomological writ]s h s+ul>ly neglect$ *]ries4 ,!re are relatively few ,european books devot$ to !m & 9 ,am]ica1 :ile !re are treatises on all o!rs ( ! common tree-fruits1 ! *]ry alone seems n to h inspir$ "s pomologi/ to pr9t a book4 ,nei!r are ! discussions 9 g5]al pomologies z full & accurate z = o!r fruits4 ,! reason = ?is neglect is t ! *]ry1 until ! la/ decade or two1 has sc>cely be5 a fruit ( comm]ce1 hav+ be5 gr[n almo/ entirely = home use or at mo/ = ! local m>ket4 ,z a result ( ?is neglect ( ! *]ry by /ud5ts ( pomology1 we h no au?oritative nor s]viceable sy/em ( classification ( ! v>ieties ( *]ries & ! nom5clature ( ?is fruit is 9 an appall+ /ate ( confusion1 z a glance at ! synonymy ( "s ( ! old] v>ieties discuss$ 9 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york w %[4 ,,amelioration ,,( ,,! ,,*]ry ,! amelioration ( ! *]ry has be5 9 progress almo/ s9ce ! dawn ( civilization1 yet few m5 h direct$ _! ef=ts t[>d ! improvem5t ( ?is fruit4 ,! hi/ories ( ! v>ieties describ$ 9 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york %[ t ne>ly all ( !m h come f *ance se$l+s4 ,possibly !re has be5 little int]e/ 9 improv+ *]ries because ?is fruit is comp>atively immutable 9 its *>act]s4 ,9 spite ( ! fact t !re are a great numb] ( v>ieties1 #a1ade be+ describ$ 9 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york1 ?is ( all /one-fruits is mo/ fix$ 9 its *>act]s4 ,! diff]5ces betwe5 tree & fruit 9 ! _m v>ieties are less m>k$ ?an 9 ! o!r fruits ( ,prunus & ! v>ieties come m ne>ly true to se$4 ,?\gh probably dome/icat$ z long ago z any o!r ( ! tree-fruits1 ! *]ry is n[ mo/ ( all l its wild prog5itors4 ,! plum is v closely relat$ to ! *]ry b x has v>i$ 9 nature & "u cultivation mu* m ?an ! *]ry & 9 accordance ) diff]5t environm5ts has develop$ m m>k$ diff]5ces 9 its species to endure ! conditions br\ght ab\t by ! topographical & climatic *anges ?r\gh :i* ! e>? has pass$4 ,"u dome/ication m ?an twice z _m or*>d v>ieties ( ! plum h come into be+ z ( ! *]ry4 ,9 spite ( ?is /ability1 !re are ample rew>ds 9 bre$+ *]ries to ^? :o w put 9 practice rightly direct$ ef=ts to improve ?is fruit--a /atem5t sub/antiat$ by ! hi/ories ( "s ( ! be/ v>ieties1 describ$ lat] 9 ?is text1 :i* 7 orig9at$ ?r\gh :at 0 pass+ z curr5t co9 9 plant-bre$+ be=e ! f> bett] me?ods ( ! pres5t "t1 br\ght ab\t by ,m5del's discov]y1 came into be+4 ,! *]ry1 z ! hi/ories ( its _m div]se k9ds %[1 has be5 improv$ only ?r\gh new v>ieties4 ,!re is no evid5ce1 :atev]1 to %[ t any "o ( ! sev]al hundr$ *]ries describ$ 9 ?is text has be5 improv$ by selection z a cumulative process1 or1 on ! o!r h&1 t any "o ( !m has cumulatively deg5]at$4 ,( v>ieties cultivat$ = _! fruits !re are no records ( mutations ei!r f ! se$ or f bud1 ?\gh ( ! ornam5tal *]ries n a few h aris5 z bud-mutations1 z1 = example1 ! sev]al d\ble-fl[]$ *]ries & ^? ( weep+ or fa/igiate habit ( gr[? & ! _m sorts ) abnormally color$ foliage4 ,s9ce improvem5t dep5ds ^u ! br++ into be+ ( new *]ries x becomes highly important to "k h[ ! v>ieties we are deal+ ) 9 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york h come into exi/5ce4 ,! foll[+ is a summ>y ( _! mann] ( orig93-- ,no case is record$ 9 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york ( a v>iety kn[n to h come f self-f]tiliz$ se$4 ,! se$ p>5t is giv5 = #fa v>ieties4 ,! /atem5ts z to se$ p>5ts are probably accurate1 = a man plant+ *]ry se$s w\ld record ! "n ( ! se$ p>5t correctly if he knew x4 ,! se$ & poll5 p>5ts ( tw5ty ( ! *]ries describ$ 9 ?is "w are giv54 ,sixte5 ( ^! are hybrids orig9at+ ) ,pr(essor ,n4 ,e4 ,hans5 ( ,s\? ,dakota1 leav+ b f\r sorts ! p>5ts ( :i* 7 kn[n be=e ! rec5t "w ( ,pr(essor ,hans54 ,no *]ry cultivat$ = its fruit is report$ to h come f a sport or a bud-mutation4 ,*]ries aris+ f se$ s[n )\t k ( ei!r p>5t or f natural se$l+s are put d[n z *ance se$l+s2 ( ^! !re are #adg4 ,! orig9 ( #iag ( ! v>ieties "h describ$ is unkn[n4 ,! total numb] ( *]ries "u discussion is #a1ade4 ,to improve ! *]ry ! bre$] mu/ "k ! mat]ial ) :i* he is work+4 ,! foll[+ is a brief discussion ( ! *>act]s ( ?is fruit to be f\nd 9 ! te*nical descriptions ( species & v>ieties4 ,,tree ,,& ,,fruit ,,*>act]s ,,( ,,! ,,*]ry ,species ( *]ries h v *>act]i/ic trees4 ,! m]e/ glance at ! tree enables "o to tell ! ,sweet ,*]ry1 ,prunus avium1 f ! ,s\r ,*]ry1 ,prunus c]asus4 ,! fir/ nam$ is ! l>g] ( ! two1 especially rea*+ a great] height1 is pyramidal 9 %ape1 ) bran*es erect & be>+ mu* less foliage ?an ! ,s\r ,*]ry4 ,! ,sweet ,*]ry (t5 lives = a c5tury or m--! ,s\r ,*]ry atta9s b ! ?ree score ye>s & t5 ( man4 ,prunus c]asus is easily di/+ui%$ f ,prunus avium by its comp>atively l[1 r\ndi% & nev] pyramidal head4 ,s1 too1 _m ( ! v>ieties ( ei!r ( ^! two species are readily told 9 ! or*>d by ! size or habit ( ! plant4 ,o!r species are ei!r %rubby or tree-l & _! v>ieties may (t5 be id5tifi$ f ! spaci\sness or dw>fness ( its trees4 ,size is r m v>iable ?an o!r gross *>act]s because ( ! influ5ce ( environm5t--food1 moi/ure1 light1 isolation1 pe/s & ! l--yet size 9 a plant1 or 9 ! p>ts ( a plant1 is a v reliable "* :5 prop] all[ances h be5 made = environm5t4 ,habit ( gr[?1 unlike size1 v>ies b little ) *ang+ conditions & ?us becomes a mo/ important means ( di/+ui%+ species & v>ieties & n infrequ5tly sets ! seal & sign ( desirability = an or*>d *]ry4 ,m ?an any o!r "*1 habit ( gr[? gives :at is call$ aspect to a *]ry tree4 ,?us1 a species or a v>iety may be upright1 spread+1 r\nd-topp$1 droop+ or weep+ 9 habit ( gr[?2 ! head may be op5 or d5se & may be =m$ by a c5tral %aft ) sev]al :orls ( bran*es or by ?ree or f\r trunk-l /ems ea* ) its scaffold+ bran*es4 ,! trees may gr[ rapidly or sl[ly & may be long-liv$ or %ort-liv$4 ,! trunks may be %ort & /ocky1 or long & sl5d]1 /raight or crook$1 gn>l$ or smoo?1 ^! *>act]s (t5 det]m9+ :e!r a *]ry is manageable or unmanageable 9 ! or*>d4 ,! degree ( h>d9ess is a v important diagno/ic "* = gr\ps ( *]ries & (t5 :olly indicates _! value = agriculture4 ,?us1 ! v>ieties ( ,prunus avium are b little h>di] ?an ! pea* :ile ^? ( ,prunus c]asus are z h>dy or h>di] ?an ! apple4 ,! range ( v>ieties z to h>d9ess falls )9 t ( ! species & x is int]e/+ to note t 9 ,europe1 :]e ! wild ,prunus avium is v common1 9 ! _m c5turies s9ce ! fruit has be5 "u dome/ication1 a cultivat$ v>iety h>di] ?an ! wild ,sweet ,*]ry has n be5 develop$4 ,*]ries are designat$ 9 ! te*nical descriptions z h>dy1 half-h>dy & t5d]4 ,productiv5ess1 age ( be>+1 & regul>ity ( be>+ are di/9ctive & valuable *>act]s ( or*>d *]ries b n ( wild *]ries4 ,! c>e giv5 ! tree greatly influ5ces fruitfulness1 yet ! quantity ( fruit produc$ is (t5 a helpful means ( id5tify+ a v>iety & is a "* t mu/ always be consid]$ by ! plant-bre$]4 ,age ( be>+ & regul>ity ( be>+ are mo/ important *>act]s ) ! pome fruits1 ! apple1 9 p>ticul>1 b :ile wor? consid]+ ) ! drupes are ( relatively little value1 all drupace\s fruits com+ 9 be>+ at ab\t ! same "t = ! species & all be>+ regul>ly1 z a rule1 unless int]f]$ ) by "s outside ag5cy prev5t+ ! sett+ or caus+ ! dropp+ ( fruit4 ,immunity & susceptibility to diseases & insects are valuable taxonomic *>act]s ( bo? species & v>ieties ( cultivat$ *]ries4 ,?us1 ! v>ieties ( ,prunus c]asus are v susceptible to black knot 7,pl[rightia morbosa71 :ile ^? ( ,prunus avium are almo/ immune4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,prunus avium is an invit+ prey to ,san ,jos scale 7,aspidiotus p]niciosus71 :ile ,prunus c]asus is b little injur$1 inde$1 seldom attack$2 ,prunus mahaleb appe>s to be almo/ :olly immune to ! p[d]y mildew 7,podospha]a oxyacan?ae71 :ile ,prunus avium & ,prunus c]asus are mu* attack$1 ?\gh ,wood1 a v>iety ( ,prunus avium1 is almo/ immune4 ,! ,engli% ,morello1 a v>iety ( ,prunus c]asus1 is v subject to leaf spot 7,cyl9drosporium padi71 :ile ,montmor5cy1 ( ! same species1 is ne>ly immune4 ,^! examples c be multipli$ _m times by ref]5ces to ! discussions ( v>ieties1 & repres5t only obs]vations on ! gr\nds & 9 ! neighborhood ( ?is ,/ation4 ,!y s]ve to %[ ! great importance1 to ! fruit-gr[]1 ! plant-bre$] & ! sy/emati/1 ( natural resi/ance to disease & insects4 ,bo? ! out] & ! inn] b>k h consid]able value 9 det]m9+ species b are ( little importance 9 id5tify+ v>ieties & h no economic value to ! fruit-gr[] & h5ce b little to ! bre$]4 ,smoo?ness1 color1 ?ickness & mann] ( exfoliation are ! attributes ( ! out] b>k to be not$1 :ile ! color ( ! inn] b>k is ! only det]m9ant & t relatively unimportant4 ,9 "y trees ! b>k ( ! *]ry ( all species is smoo?1 glossy or ev5 brilliant2 b lat] x becomes unev51 scaly & dull1 usually a%-gray b v>y+ 9 all ( ^! *>act]s to an ext5t well wor? not+ = taxonomic purposes4 ,*]ries1 9 common ) mo/ trees1 h a light] color$ b>k 9 cold ?an 9 w>m regions1 & 9 dry ?an 9 wet areas4 ,bran*es & bran*lets are v *>act]i/ic 9 bo? species & v>ieties4 ,! l5g?1 ?ickness1 direction1 rigidity & ! bran*+ angle are valuable det]m9+ *>act]s & v /able ones1 *ang+ b little ev5 ) m>k$ v>iations ( soil & climate4 ,?us1 a ,sweet ,*]ry tree c be told f a tree ( ! ,s\r ,*]ry1 or ! ,engli% ,morello c be di/+ui%$ f ,montmor5cy by bran* *>act]s z f> z ! outl9es ( ! trees are disc]nible4 ,few *]ries be> sp9es b all are m or less spurr$ & ^! spurs are q *>act]i/ic ev5 9 v>ieties4 ,) ! bran*lets ! l5g? ( ! int]nodes %\ld be consid]$ & _! direction1 :e!r /raight or zigzag2 also color1 smoo?ness1 am\nt ( pubesc5ce1 size & appe>ance ( ! l5ticels1 ! pres5ce ( excresc5ces1 are all to be not$ 9 c>eful /udy ?\gh all are m or less v>iable1 pubesc5ce especially s1 ?is "* be+ too (t5 reli$ ^u 9 descriptions by ,european botani/s & pomologi/s4 ,leaf-buds v>y greatly 9 diff]5t species 9 size1 %ape1 color ( ! buds & ( _! out] & inn] scales & 9 ! outl9e ( ! scales4 ,! angle at :i* ! bud /&s out f ! bran*let is ( "s taxonomic value4 ,v]nation1 or ! disposition ( ! leaf-blade 9 ! bud1 is a f9e m>k ( di/9ction 9 sep>at+ ! *]ry f o!r /one-fruits & :ile all *]ry leaves are suppos$ to be conduplicate1 t is1 fold$ by ! midrib s t ! two halves are face to face1 yet !re are slight b important diff]5ces 9 ! conduplication ( ! leaves 9 bo? species & v>ieties4 ,! mann] ( be>+ buds--:e!r s+le1 9 pairs1 or 9 rosettes--mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt1 ) species at lea/1 & diff]5ces 9 %ape & position ( leaf & fruit-buds mu/ be not$4 ,leaves 9 _! season are v evid5t & ei!r collectively or individually are valuable det]m9ants ( species & v>ieties4 ,fruit-gr[]s take little note ( leaves1 h[ev]1 ?\gh !y %\ld be tak5 into practical acc\nt1 s9ce _! size & numb] (t5 indicate ! degree ( vigor4 ,! v>iability ( leaves is usually )9 limits easily set & occurs mo/ (t5 9 "y plants1 9 extremes ( soil & climate1 & on v succul5t gr[?s or wat]-spr\ts4 ,leaf-size is ! mo/ v>iable "* ( ?is organ b is yet dep5dable 9 sep>at+ sev]al species1 z1 = example1 ,prunus avium f ,prunus c]asus1 ! leaves be+ v mu* l>g] 9 ! =m] ?an 9 ! latt] species4 ,leaf-=ms are v con/ant 9 species & v>ieties1 h5ce especially valuable 9 classification4 ,mu* c>e has be5 tak5 to illu/rate accurately ! size & =m ( *]ry leaves 9 ! color-plates 9 ?is text b x is impossible to reproduce by color-pr9t+ ! t9ts ( ! leaves1 ?\gh ^! are q con/ant 9 bo? species & v>ieties4 ,o!r *>act]s ( leaves tak5 into acc\nt 9 describ+ *]ries are ?ickness1 r\ghness1 & pubesc5ce1 all ( :i* are some:at v>iable1 be+ greatly influ5c$ by climate & soil4 ,q too mu* /ress is laid ^u ! value ( pubesc5ce on leaves 9 det]m9+ gr\ps1 unless comp>isons c be made betwe5 plants gr[+ 9 ! same habitat4 ,possibly m important ?an any o!r "p ( ! leaf-blade1 9 ! /udy ( species at lea/1 is ! m>g94 ,?is 9 ! *]ry is always s]rat$ & (t5 sub-s]rat$4 ,^! s]rations are be/ /udi$ at ! middle ( ! sides ( ! leaves1 ^? at ! base & apex (t5 be+ cr[d$ or want+4 ,! petiole may be us$ to good advantage 9 di/+ui%+ bo? species & v>ieties4 ,?us1 9 consequ5ce ( ! great l5g? & sl5d]ness ( ! petiole ( leaves ( ,sweet ,*]ries1 ! leaves are always m or less droop+1 :ile ^? ( ! ,s\r ,*]ry are usually erect by reason ( ! petiole be+ %ort & /rong4 ,! color ( ! petiole is said by "s to be correlat$ ) t ( ! fruit--a /atem5t t ne$s v]ification4 ,! pubesc5ce ( ! petiole mu/ be not$4 ,! position1 size1 %ape & color ( ! gl&s on *]ry leaves mu/ be not$ z !y are fairly con/ant guides4 ,!y are usually on ! petiole at ! base ( ! leaf b are sometimes on ! leaf itself4 ,! gl&s are commonly giv5 z globul> or r5i=m 9 %ape b !re are (t5 int]m$iate =ms ! %ape ( :i* is h>d to classify4 ,/ipules 9 ?is plant h consid]able taxonomic value1 hav+ "s di/+ui%+ m>ks n possess$ by ! leaves4 ,*]ry leaves spr++ f dormant leaf-buds h v small /ipules1 sometimes s m9ute z h>dly to be se51 b on ! curr5t ye>'s gr[? ! /ipules are l>g]1 be+ l>ge/ at ! tip ( ! bran*let4 ,!re is consid]able diff]5ce 9 ! size ( ^! organs 9 v>ieties ( ! same species4 ,/ipules ( ! *]ry are ne>ly always borne 9 pairs4 ,! small /ipules1 appe>+ ) ! fir/ leaves1 drop1 at ?is ,/ation1 ab\t ! middle ( ,june :ile ^? accompany+ ! lat] leaves on ! wood gr[? ( ! curr5t ye> rema9 until 9 ,july1 !re be+ a diff]5ce 9 v>ieties z to h[ long !y rema94 ,all /ipules are deeply too!d & be> gl&s ( v>y+ color & %ape on ! s]rations1 ! *>act]s ( bo? s]rations & gl&s (f]+ "s di/+ui%+ m>ks = species & v>ieties4 ,! fl[]s ( *]ries are v *>act]i/ic1 z a /udy ( ! color-plates ( blossoms w %[1 furni%+ a :olly di/9ctive m>k ( species & help+ to di/+ui% v>ieties4 ,! fl[]s are h]maphrodites & are borne 9 m or less d5se1 corymbose clu/]s4 ,individual fl[]s 9 species & v>ieties v>y 9 size1 %ape1 color & odor4 ,! p$uncles are long or %ort1 z ! case may be2 ! corolla furni%es di/9ctions 9 size1 %ape & color ( petals2 ! calyces are *iefly di/+ui%$ by _! gl&s & ! am\nt & "* ( ! pubesc5ce2 :ile /am5s & pi/ils (f] diff]5ces 9 size1 color ( _! diff]5t p>ts & 9 ! numb] ( /am5s4 ,9 plums ! reproductive organs diff] greatly 9 ability to p]=m _! functions1 "s v>ieties be+ self-/]ile4 ,9 ,new ,york !re seem to be no m>k$ diff]5ces 9 fecundity 9 *]ries nor are !re s frequ5tly ! mal=mations ( reproductive organs :i* are f\nd 9 plums4 ,! season ( fl[]+ is a f9e m>k ( di/9ction betwe5 species & v>ieties1 a fact well br\ght out by ! *>t on pages #hj-ha4 ,( all organs1 ! fruit ( ! *]ry is mo/ responsive to *ang$ conditions & h5ce mo/ v>iable1 yet ! fruits furni% v valuable taxonomic *>act]s 9 bo? botany & pomology4 ,9 pomology1 9 p>ticul>1 ! fruits mu/ be closely /udi$4 ,size1 %ape1 color1 bloom1 /em1 cavity1 apex1 suture & sk9 are ! outw>d *>act]s ( :i* note mu/ be made2 :ile ! color1 aroma1 flavor & texture ( ! fle% are usually v *>act]i/ic4 ,bo? species & v>ieties are well di/+ui%$ by ! "t ( rip5+ ?\gh !re is mu* v>iation 9 rip5+ dates4 ,! keep+ quality is sc>cely tak5 into acc\nt ) *]ries b v>ies a great deal1 *iefly 9 accordance ) firmness ( ! fle%4 ,! fle% ( *]ries1 z 9 all drupace\s fruits1 cl+s to ! /one or is :olly or p>tly free--a "* ( int]e/ bo? to ! sy/emati/ & to ! fruit-gr[]4 ,! color ( ! juice1 :e!r colorless or r$1 is a pla9 & c]ta9 divid+ l9e 9 bo? species & v>ieties4 ,! pits ( *]ries are r m lack+ 9 di/9ction ?an 9 o!r /one-fruits1 plums = example1 yet !y mu/ be acc\nt$ ( consid]able value 9 det]m9ation & = ?is reason h be5 includ$ 9 all ( ! color-plates ( v>ieties4 ,*]ry-pits f individual trees are almo/ lack+ 9 diff]5ces except 9 size b betwe5 species & v>ieties %[ _m di/9ctions n only 9 size b 9 %ape1 surfaces1 grooves & ridges1 9 ! ends & m or less 9 ! se$s )94 ,*]ries ( any v>iety gr[n on poor soils or 9 incong5ial climates t5d to h l>ge /ones & little fle%1 :ile ! pits are small] & !re is m fle% ) ! opposite extremes 9 environm5t4 ,z w be po9t$ out 9 ! discussion ( ! gr\p ( *]ries kn[n z ! ,dukes1 _m v>ieties h pits ) %runk5 & abortive se$s com+1 z we ?9k1 f ! hybrid orig9 ( ^! *]ries4 ,! sev]al pages giv5 to ! discussion ( ! *>act]s ( *]ries are 9 prep>ation = a prop] und]/&+ ( ! classifications & descriptions ( species & v>ieties4 ,we are n[ ready = ! classification ( ! species ( *]ries :i* contribute or may contribute =ms = cultivation ei!r = _! fruits or z /ocks ^u :i* to gr[ edible *]ries4 ,! foll[+ is a brief conspectus ( ! edible species ( ,prunus foll[$ by a full] conspectus ( ! sub-g5us ,c]asus to :i* *]ries belong4 ,a ,,classification ,,( ,,cultivat$ ,,*]ries ,! g5us ,prunus is v>i\sly delimit$ & divid$ by sy/ematic botani/s4 ,a simple1 & f a horticultural po9t ( view1 a v satisfactory classification1 is to put almonds & pea*es 9 "o sub-g5us 7,amygdalus71 *]ries 9 a second 7,c]asus71 plums & apricots 9 a ?ird 7,euprunus71 & to place ! racemose *]ries & *]ry-laurels1 usually consid]$ 9 ,prunus1 9 ano!r g5us1 ,padus4 ,9 ?is division ( ,prunus into ?ree sub-g5]a we may assign to ea* ! foll[+ *>act]s4 ,a4 ,leaves convolute1 i4 e41 roll$ 9 ! bud 7%[+ be/ 9 ! op5+ buds74#c ,euprunus4 ,plums & apricots4 ,a4,a4 ,leaves conduplicate1 i4 e41 fold$ l5g?wise along ! midrib 9 ! bud4 ,b4 ,fruit m or less dry & hirsute2 if juicy or glabr\s ! blossoms appe> long be=e ! op5+ ( ! leaves2 fruits )\t /ems4 ,amygdalus4 ,almonds & pea*es4 ,b4,b4 ,fruit always juicy & usually glabr\s2 blooms appe>+ ) ! leaves4 ,c]asus4 ,*]ries4 ,( ^! sev]al divisions we are "h conc]n$ only ) ,c]asus1 to :i* belong all fascicl$ *]ries1 ! racemose1 or ,padus1 *]ries z yet hav+ little or no value z escul5ts4 ,! g5us ,prunus is f ye> to ye> be+ enl>g$ by ! discov]y ( new species1 ! additions to ,c]asus 9 p>ticul> be+ num]\s4 ,?us1 a decade ago1 botani/s plac$ 9 ?is sub-g5us1 at ! outside1 n m ?an a score ( species b ,koehne1 ! mo/ rec5t monograph] ( ,c]asus1 describes #aai species4 ,( ,koehne's species at lea/ a doz5 are m or less cultivat$ = _! fruits & a score or m are gr[n z ornam5tals4 ,! foll[+ species are li/$ by ,koehne3#d ,,species ,,( ,,*]ries ,div4 ,i4 ,,typoc]asus ,koehne4 ,sect4 #a ,,crema/osepalum ,koehne4 ,subsect4 #a4 ,,mahaleb ,koehne4 ,c]asus sect4 ,mahaleb ,roem]4 ,fam4 ,nat4 ,syn4 #c3gi4 #ahdg4 ,prunus subg54 ,c]asus sect4 ,mahaleb ,koehne4 ,deuts*e ,d5dr4 #cje4 #ahic4 ,s]4 #a4 ,,eumahaleb ,koehne4 #a4 ,prunus mahaleb ,l9naeus4 ,sp4 ,pl4 #dgb4 #agec4 ,europe1 ,we/]n ,asia4 ,s]4 #b4 ,,p>amahaleb ,koehne4 #b4 ,prunus mollis ,walp]s4 ,rep4 #b3i4 ,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica4 #c4 ,prunus em>g9ata ,walp]s4 ,rep4 #b3i4 ,we/]n ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,c]asus cali=nica ,gre5e4 ,fl4 ,francis #a3ej4 #d4 ,prunus p5nsylvanica ,l9naeus4 ,sy/4 ed #ac ,suppl4 #beb4 ,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,subsect4 #b4 ,,euc]asus ,koehne4 ,prunus sect4 ,euc]asus ,koehne4 ,deuts*e ,d5dr4 #cjf4 #ahic4 #e4 ,prunus fruticosa ,pallas4 ,fl4 ,ross4 #a3ai4 #aghd4 ,europe to ,sib]ia4 #f4 ,prunus acida ,c4 ,ko*4 ,d5dr4 #a3aab4 #ahfi4 ,s\!rn ,europe4 #g4 ,prunus c]asus ,l9naeus4 ,sp4 ,pl4 #dgd4 #agec4 ,europe1 ,we/]n ,asia4 #h4 ,prunus avium ,l9naeus4 ,fl4 ,svec4 ed #b3afe4 #agee4 ,europe1 ,we/]n ,asia4 ,subsect4 #c4 ,,phyllomahaleb ,koehne4 ,s]4 #a4 ,,aphanad5ium ,,koehne4 #i4 ,prunus maxim[iczii ,rupre*t4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,/4 ,pt]sburg #ae3aca4 #aheg4 ,prunus bracteata ,fran*et ,savati]4 ,enum4 ,pl4 ,jap4 #b3cbi4 #ahgi4 ,prunus apetala ,zabel4 ,mitt4 ,deuts*4 ,d5dr4 ,ges4 #ac3fj 7n ,fran*et ,savati]7 #aijd4 ,amur1 ea/]n ,man*uria1 ,korea1 ,saghal91 ,japan f ,hokkaido to ,kiu%iu4 ,prunus maxim[iczii ap]ta ,kom>[4 ,act4 ,hort4 ,petrop4 #bb3e1 #dh4 #aijd4 ,man*uria f ! ,ussuri ?r\gh ,kir9 to ,mukd5 & nor!rn ,korea #aj4 ,prunus pul*ella ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3aig4 #aiab4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 ,s]4 #b4 ,,macrad5ium ,koehne4 #aa4 ,prunus conad5ia ,koehne4 l4 c4 #aig4 ,we/]n ,sze*uan4 #ab4 ,prunus pleioc]asus ,koehne4 l4 c4 #aih4 ,we/]n ,sze*uan4 #ac4 ,prunus macrad5ia ,koehne4 l4 c4 #aii4 ,we/]n ,sze*uan4 #ad4 ,prunus discad5ia ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bjj4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 #ae4 ,prunus sze*uanica ,batal94 ,act4 ,hort4 ,petrop4 #ad3afg4 #ahie4 ,sze*uan4 ,subsect4 #d4 ,,phylloc]asus ,koehne4 #af4 ,prunus tatsi55sis ,batal94 ,act4 ,hort4 ,petrop4 #ad3cbb4 #ahig4 ,sze*uan4 ,prunus tatsi55sis ad5ophora 7,fran*et7 ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bch4 #aiab4 ,prunus maxim[iczii ad5ophora ,fran*et4 ,pl4 ,delavay4 #aie4 #ahhi4 ,yunnan4 ,prunus tatsi55sis /5ad5ia ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bja4 #aiab4 ,we/]n ,sze*uan4 #ag4 ,prunus v>iabilis ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bja4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 #ah4 ,prunus pilosiuscula 7,s*neid]7 ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bjb4 ,prunus tatsi55sis pilosiuscula ,s*neid]4 ,f$de ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3ff4 #aije4 ,we/]n ,hupeh & ,sze*uan4 #ai4 ,prunus polytri*a ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bjd4 #aiab4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 #bj4 ,prunus rehd]iana ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bje4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 #ba4 ,prunus v5u/a ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bci4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 #bb4 ,prunus litigiosa ,s*neid]4 ,f$de ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3fe4 #aije4 ,hupeh4 ,prunus litigiosa abbreviata ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bje4 #aiab4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 #bc4 ,prunus cl>(olia ,s*neid]4 ,f$de ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3fg4 #aije4 ,sze*uan4 ,subsect4 #e4 ,,pseudomahaleb ,koehne4 #bd4 ,prunus yunnan5sis ,fran*et4 ,pl4 ,delavay4 #aie4 #ahhi4 ,yunnan4 #be4 ,prunus macgregoriana ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bdj4 #aiab4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 #bf4 ,prunus h5ryi 7,s*neid]7 ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bdj4 ,prunus yunnan5sis h5ryi ,c4 ,k4 ,s*neid]4 ,f$de ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3ff 79 "p7 #aije4 ,yunnan4 #bg4 ,prunus neglecta ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bda4 #aiab4 ,prunus yunnan5sis h5ryi ,c4 ,k4 ,s*neid]4 ,f$de ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3ff 79 "p7 #aije4 ,yunnan4 ,subsect4 #f4 ,,lobopetalum ,koehne4 ,s]4 #a4 ,,het]ocalyx ,koehne4 #bh4 ,prunus scopulorum ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bda4 #aiab4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 #bi4 ,prunus glabra 7,pampan9i7 ,koehne4 ,prunus hirtipes glabra ,pampan9i4 ,nuov4 ,giorn4 ,bot4 ,ital4 #ag3bic4 #aiaj2 #ah3abb4 #aiaa4 ,hupeh4 #cj4 ,prunus involucrata ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bjf4 #aiab4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 #ca4 ,prunus hirtipes ,hemsley4 ,j\r4 ,l9n4 ,soc4 #bc3bah4 #ahhg4 #cb4 ,prunus s*neid]iana ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bdb4 #aiab4 ,*ekiang4 #cc4 ,prunus ducl\xii ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bdb4 ,yunnan4 #cd4 ,prunus ampla ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bdc4 #aiab4 ,sze*uan4 #ce4 ,prunus malifolia ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bjg4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 ,prunus malifolia ro/hornii ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bdc4 ,sze*uan4 ,s]4 #b4 ,,cyclam9ium ,koehne4 #cf4 ,prunus cyclam9a ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bjg4 #aiab4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 ,prunus cyclam9a biflora ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bdc4 ,we/]n ,*9a4 #cg4 ,prunus dielsiana ,s*neid]4 ,f$de ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3fh4 #aije4 ,p4 sze*uanica1 v>48 or ,p4 sze*uanica dielsiana ,s*neid]1 l4 c41 n ,p4 sze*uanica ,batal94 ,hupeh4 ,prunus dielsiana laxa ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bjh4 #aiab4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 ,prunus dielsiana conf]ta ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bdd4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 #ch4 ,prunus plur9]vis ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bjh4 ,we/]n ,sze*uan4 #ci4 ,prunus rufoides ,s*neid]4 ,f$de ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3ee4 #aije4 ,sze*uan4 #dj4 ,prunus hirtifolia ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bji4 #aiab4 ,we/]n ,sze*uan4 ,sect4 #b4 ,,pseudoc]asus ,koehne4 ,prunus subg54 ,c]asus sect4 ,yamasakura ,koidzumi4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #be3ahc4 #aiaa4 ,subsect4 #g4 ,,hypad5ium ,koehne4 #da4 ,prunus gl&ulifolia ,rupre*t ,maxim[icz4 ,mm4 ,sav4 tr4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,/4 ,pt]sburg #i3hg 7,prim4 ,fl4 ,amur47 #ahei4 ,amur4 ,subsect4 #h4 ,,s>g5tiella ,koehne4 #db4 ,prunus pseudoc]asus ,l9dley4 ,trans4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,lond4 #f3ij4 #ahbf4 ,cultivat$ 9 ,*9a4 ,c]asus pseudoc]asus ,g4 ,don4 ,l\don ,hort4 ,brit4 #bjj4 #ahcj4 ,prunus sieboldii ,koidzumi4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #be3ahd4 #aiaa4 ,prunus pseudoc]asus sieboldii ,maxim[icz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,/4 ,pt]sburg #bi3ajb4 ,prunus paniculata ,k]4 ,bot4 ,reg4 #aj3 t4 #hjj4 #ahbd1 n ,prunus paniculata ,?unb]g4 ,c]asus paniculata ,de ,c&olle4 ,prodr4 #b3eci4 #ahbe4 ,c]asus sieboldtii ,c>rire4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #cga4 #ahff4 ,prunus sieboldii ,wittmack4 ,g>t5fl4 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#gd4 ,prunus canesc5s ,bois4 l4 c4 #bae4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 #ge4 ,prunus veit*ii ,koehne4 l4 c44#beg4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 ,s]4 #b4 ,,dros]9a4 #gf4 ,prunus giraldiana ,s*neid]4 ,f$de ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3fe4 #aije4 ,nor!rn ,%5si4 #gg4 ,prunus dros]acea ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bae4 #aiab4 ,we/]n ,sze*uan4 ,s]4 #c4 ,,oxyodon4 #gh4 ,prunus tri*o/oma ,koehne4 l4 c4 #baf4 ,we/]n ,sze*uan4 #gi4 ,prunus latid5tata ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bag4 ,we/]n ,sze*uan4 #hj4 ,prunus micromeloides ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bah4 ,we/]n ,sze*uan4 #ha4 ,prunus oxyodonta ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bah4 ,we/]n ,sze*uan4 #hb4 ,prunus glyptoc>ya ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bai4 ,we/]n ,sze*uan4 #hc4 ,prunus podad5ia ,koehne4 l4 c4 #beh4 ,we/]n ,*9a4 #hd4 ,prunus lobulata ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bbj4 ,we/]n ,sze*uan4 #he4 ,prunus /ipulacea ,maxim[icz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,/4 ,pt]sburg #aa3fhi4 #ahhc4 ,kansu4 #hf4 ,prunus pleuropt]a ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bba4 #aiab4 ,we/]n ,sze*uan4 #hg4 ,prunus zappeyana ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bba4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 ,prunus 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,kurile ,isl47 #ahij4 ,prunus incisa kuril5sis ,koidzumi4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bc3ahd4 #aiji4 #id4 ,prunus nikko5sis ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfj4 #aiab4 ,japan4 #ie4 ,prunus miqueliana ,maxim[icz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,/4 ,pt]sburg #aa3fib 7n ,s*neid]7 #ahhc4 ,japan4 #if4 ,prunus ts*onoskii ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfa4 #aiab4 ,prunus c]aseidos ,maxim[icz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,/4 ,pt]sburg #bi3ajc4 ,prunus apetala iwozana ,s*neid]4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 ,laubholzk4 #a3fjh4 #aijf4 ,japan4 #ig4 ,prunus apetala 7,siebold ,zucc>9i7 ,fran*et ,savati]4 ,enum4 ,pl4 ,jap4 #b3cbi4 #ahgi 7n ,zabel1 cf4 ,p4 maxim[iczii1 ,no4 #i74 ,c]aseidos apetala ,siebold ,zucc>9i4 ,abh4 ,akad4 ,mn*4 #c3gdc4 t4 #e4 #ahdc4 ,prunus c]aseidos ,maxim[icz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,/4 ,pt]sburg #bi3ajc4 ,japan4 ,s]4 #e4 ,,amblyodon4 #ih4 ,prunus gracilifolia ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bbc4 #aiab4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 #ii4 ,prunus rossiana ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bbc4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 ,div4 ,,ii4 ,,microc]asus 7,spa*1 ,roem]7 ,koehne4 ,c]asus sect4 ,microc]asus ,spa*4 ,hi/4 ,vg4 #a3dbc4 #ahcd4 ,microc]asus ,webb4 ,phytogr4 ,can>4 #b3ai4 #ahcf-dj4 ,sect4 #a4 ,,spiraeopsis ,koehne4 ,subsect4 #a4 ,,myricoc]asus ,koehne4 #ajj4 ,prunus pumila ,l9naeus4 ,mant4 ,pl4 #ge4 #agfg4 ,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica4 #aja4 ,prunus besseyi ,bailey4 ,bul4 ,cor4 ,ex4 ,/a4 #gj3bfa4 #ahid4 ,ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,subsect4 #b4 ,,spiraeoc]asus ,koehne4 #ajb4 ,prunus dictyoneura ,diels4 ,bot4 ,jahrb4 #cf1 ,beibl4 #hb1 #eg4 #aije4 ,%5si4 #ajc4 ,prunus humilis ,bunge4 ,mm4 tr4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,/4 ,pt]sburg #b3ig 7,enum4 ,pl4 ,*94 ,bor47 #ahcc4 ,prunus salic9a ,l9dley4 ,trans4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,lond4 #g3bci4 #ahcj4 ,prunus bungei ,walp]s4 ,rep4 #b3i 7n ,moris7 #ahic4 ,*9a4 #ajd4 ,prunus gl&ulosa ,?unb]g4 ,fl4 ,jap4 #bjb4 #aghd4 ,amygdalus pumila ,l9naeus4 ,mant4 #a3gd4 #agfg4 ,c]asus gl&ulosa ,loiseleur4 ,n\v4 ,duhamel #e3cc4 #ahbe4 ,prunus gl&ulosa glabra ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfc4 #aiab4 ,prunus japonica gl&ulosa ,maxim[icz4 ,bul4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,mosc4 #ed3ac4 #ahgi4 ,japan4 ,prunus gl&ulosa glabra alba ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfc4 #aiab4 ,prunus japonica ,l9dley4 ,bot4 ,reg4 #h3t4 #ahja4 #ahce4 ,prunus gl&ulosa glabra rosea ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfc4 #aiab4 ,prunus japonica typica flore roseo ,maxim[icz1 9 s*$4 ,prunus japonica flor4 simp4 ,tanaka4 ,useful ,pl4 ,jap4 #aec1 fig4 #fba4 #ahie4 ,prunus japonica gl&ulosa ,matsumura4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #ad3acf4 #aijj4 ,japan4 ,prunus gl&ulosa glabra albipl5a ,koehne4 ,plant ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfd4 #aiab4 ,c]asus japonica multiplex ,s]+e4 ,de ,c&olle ,prodr4 #b3eci 79 "p7 #ahbe4 ,prunus japonica flore pl5o ,siebold ,zucc>9i4 ,fl4 ,jap4 #a3agb t4 #ij f4 #aaa4 79 "p7 #ahbf4 ,prunus japonica ,oudemans4 ,ne]l&s ,plant5tu9 t4 #b4 #ahfe4 ,prunus japonica flore albo pl5o ,lemaire4 ,ill4 ,hort4 #e3 t4 #ahc4 #aheh4 ,prunus japonica ,maxim[icz4 ,bul4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,mosc4 #ed4 #ad 79 "p7 #ahgi4 ,prunus japonica multiplex ,mak9o4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bb3gb 79 "p7 #aijh4 ,japan4 ,prunus gl&ulosa purdomii ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfd4 #aiab4 ,nor!rn ,*9a4 ,prunus gl&ulosa tri*o/yla ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bbd4 ,prunus gl&ulosa tri*o/yla fab]i ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bbd4 ,prunus japonica ,j4 ,hut*9son4 ,bot4 ,mag4 #ace3 t4 #hbfj 7n ,?unb]g7 #aiji4 ,%antung4 ,prunus gl&ulosa tri*o/yla paokang5sis 7,s*neid]7 ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfd4 #aiab4 ,prunus japonica packang5sis ,s*neid]4 ,f$de ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3ec4 #aije4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 ,prunus gl&ulosa tri*o/yla s95sis 7,p]soon7 ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfe4 #aiab4 ,amygdalus indica nana ,pluk5ett4 ,phytogr4 #a3 t4 #aa4 f4 #d 7#afia1 new edit4 #agfi74 ,prunus s95sis ,p]soon4 ,syn4 #b3cf4 #ahjg4 ,c]asus japonica ,s]+e4 ,de ,c&olle ,prodr4 #b3eci 79 "p7 #ahbe4 ,prunus japonica flore pl5o ,siebold ,zucc>9i4 ,fl4 ,jap4 #a3agb t4 #ij f4 #aaa4 79 "p7 #ahbf4 ,prunus japonica ,maxim[icz4 ,bul4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,mosc4 #ed3ad 79 "p7 #ahhc4 ,nor!rn ,%5si4 ,prunus gl&ulosa salicifoli 7,kom>ov7 ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfe4 #aiab4 ,prunus japonica salicifolia ,kom>ov4 ,act4 ,hort4 ,petrop4 #bb3ged4 #aijd4 ,%+-k+4 #aje4 ,prunus pogono/yla ,maxim[icz4 ,bul4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,mosc4 #ed3aa4 #ahgi4 ,prunus =mosana ,matsumura4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #ae3hf4 #aija4 ,prunus pogono/yla globosa ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfe4 #aiab4 ,=mosa4 ,prunus pogono/yla obovata ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bfe4 ,=mosa4 #ajf4 ,prunus japonica ,?unb]g4 ,fl4 ,jap4 #bja4 #aghd4 ,prunus japonica japonica ,maxim[icz4 ,bul4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,mosc4 #ed3ab4 #ahgi4 ,prunus japonica typica ,matsumura4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #ad3ace4 #aijj4 ,prunus japonica eujaponica ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bff4 #aiab4 ,prunus japonica eujaponica fauriei ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bff4 ,japan4 ,prunus japonica eujaponica oldhamii ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bff4 ,hupeh4 ,prunus japonica gracillima ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bff4 ,prunus japonica gracillima ?unb]gii ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bff4 ,prunus japonica ?unb]gii ,koehne4 ,f$de ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #h3bc4 #aiaj4 ,cultivat$ 9 ! ,sp? ,arboretum ne> ,b]l91 receiv$ f ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,prunus japonica gracillima engl]i ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bff4 #aiab4 ,prunus japonica engl]i ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bff4 ,man*uria4 ,prunus japonica gracillima m9or ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bfg4 ,cultivat$ 9 ! ,sp? ,arboretum1 ,b]l94 ,prunus japonica gracillima spha]ica 7,c>rire7 ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bfg4 ,prunus japonica spha]ica ,c>rire4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dfh1 fig4 #afc4 #ahij4 ,prunus japonica k]ii 7,/eudel7 ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfg4 #aiab4 ,prunus japonica ,k]-,gawl]4 ,bot4 ,reg4 #a3 t4 #bg4 #ahae4 ,amygdalus pumila ,sims4 ,bot4 ,mag4 #dg3 t4 #bagf4 #ahbj4 ,prunus k]ii ,/eudel4 ,nom5cl4 ,bot4 ed4 #b1 #djc4 #ahda1 :i* cites ,c]asus japonica ,k]-,gawl]4 ,prunus japonica typica flore pl5o ,zabel4 ,beissn]1 ,s*elle ,zabel ,h&b4 ,laubholz-,b54 #bch4 #aijc4 ,*ekiang4 ,cultivat$ 9 ,engl&4 8 ,prunus praecox ,c>rire4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dhh1 fig4 #adb1 #adc4 #ahib4 ,orig9at$ f s[+s ( ,prunus japonica spha]ica & suppos$ to be ,prunus japonica dome/ica4 #ajg4 ,prunus nakaii ,lveill4 ,f$de ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #g3aih4 #aiji4 ,korea4 #ajh4 ,prunus c>*>ias ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfg4 #aiab4 ,sze*uan4 ,sect4 #b4 ,,amygdaloc]asus ,koehne4 ,c]asus sect4 ,microc]asus ,spa*4 ,microc]asus ,webb4 ,phytogr4 ,can>4 #b3ai 7#ahcf-ej72 ,s*neid] ,ill4 ,h&b4 ,laubholzk4 #a3fja4 #aijf4 ,prunus subg54 ,microc]asus ,focke4 ,engl] ,prantl ,natrl4 ,pflanz5fam4 #c3c1 #ed4 #ahhh4 ,prunus sect4 ,tri*oc]asus et subg54 ,microc]asus ,koehne4 ,deuts*e ,d5dr4 #cjb1 #cjf4 #ahic4 #aji4 ,prunus tom5tosa ,?unb]g4 ,fl4 ,jap4 #bjc4 #aghd4--,siebold ,zucc>9i ,fl4 ,jap4 #a3ea1 t4 #bb4 #ahbf4 ,japan1 we/]n & nor!rn ,*9a4 ,prunus tom5tosa spae?iana ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfi4 #aiab4 ,cultivat$ 9 ,european g>d5s4 ,prunus tom5tosa graebn]iana ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bfi4 ,cultivat$ ne> ! ,botanic ,g>d51 ,b]l9-,dahlem4 ,prunus tom5tosa insul>is ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bfi4 ,japan4 ,cultivat$ 9 ,japan4 ,prunus tom5tosa s\liei ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bfi4 ,sze*uan4 ,prunus tom5tosa ka%k>ovii ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bfi4 ,tibet4 ,prunus tom5tosa endotri*a ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bbe4 ,we/]n ,hupeh4 ,prunus tom5tosa breviflora ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bgj4 ,nor!rn ,%5si4 ,prunus tom5tosa tri*oc>pa 7,bunge7 ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bgj4 #aiab4 ,prunus tri*oc>pa ,bunge4 ,mm4 tr4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,/4 ,pt]sburg #b3if 7,enum4 ,pl4 ,*94 ,bor47 #ahcc4 ,nor!rn ,*9a4 ,prunus tom5tosa tsulu5sis ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bgj4 #aiab4 ,nor!rn ,%5si4 ,prunus tom5tosa het]om]a ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bgj4 ,sze*uan4 #aaj4 ,prunus batal9ii 7,s*neid]7 ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bgj4 ,prunus tom5tosa1 787 ,batal9ii ,s*neid]4 ,f$de ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3eb4 #aije4 ,sze*uan4 #aaa4 ,prunus c9]asc5s ,fran*et4 ,n\v4 ,ar*4 ,mus4 ,p>is4 sr4 #b1 #h3baf 7,pl4 ,david4 ,,ii4 #cd7 #ahhe4 ,we/]n ,sze*uan4 #aab4 ,prunus jacquemontii 7,edgewor?7 ,hooke4 ,fl4 ,brit4 ,ind4 #b3cad4 #ahgh4 ,afghani/an1 ,nor?we/]n ,himalaya1 ,tibet4 #aac4 ,prunus incana 7,pallas7 ,/ev54 ,mm4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,mosc4 #c3bfc4 #ahab4 ,arm5ia1 ,georgia1 ,himalaya8 ,cf4 ,c]asus hippophaeoides ,bornmll]4 ,oe/]4 ,bot4 ,zeit4 #di3ae4 #ahii4 ,cappadocia4 #aad4 ,prunus griffi?ii 7,boissi]7 ,s*neid]4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 ,laubholzk4 #a3fjf4 #aijf4 ,afghani/an4 #aae4 ,prunus pro/rata ,labill>dire4 ,icon4 ,pl4 ,syr4 #a3ae1 t4 #f4 #agia4 ,s\!rn ,europe1 ,crete1 ,algi]1 ,we/]n ,asia to ,p]sia & ,syria4 ,cf4 ,prunus bifrons ,frits*4 ,sitz4 ,akad4 ,wi5 #aja3 pt4 #a4 #fcf1 t4 #c1 fig4 #a4 #ahib4 ,himalaya8 #aaf4 ,prunus bra*ypetala 7,boissi]7 ,walp]s4 ,ann4 #a3bgb4 #ahdh-di4 ,s\!rn ,p]sia4 #aag4 ,prunus microc>pa ,c4 ,a4 ,mey]4 ,v]z4 ,pfl4 ,caucas4 ,casp4 #aff4 #ahca4 ,caucasia1 ,nor!rn ,p]sia4 ,cf4 ,c]asus tortuosa ,boissi] ,hausskne*t4 ,boissi] ,fl4 ,or4 #b3fdg4 #ahgb4 ,antilibanon1 ,cappadocia1 ,kurdi/an4 #aah4 ,prunus v]rucosa ,fran*et4 ,ann4 ,sci4 ,nat4 sr4 #f1 #af3bhj4 #ahhc4 ,turke/an4 ,cf4 ,prunus calycosus ,ait*ison ,hemsley4 ,trans4 ,l9n4 ,soc4 #c3fa1 t4 #h4 #ahhh4 ,afghani/an4 #aai4 ,prunus diffusa 7,boissi] ,hausskne*t7 ,s*neid]4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 ,laubholzk4 #a3fjf4 #aijf4 ,s\?we/]n ,p]sia4 ,! geographical di/ribution ( ^! *]ries is mo/ int]e/+4#e ,f ,nor? ,am]ica come b five species ( *]ries b two ( :i*1 ,prunus besseyi & ,prunus pumila1 furni% food & ^! two z yet are b sp>+ly gr[n2 all five1 h[ev]1 are m or less us$ z /ocks4 ,gre5e#f has describ$1 9 addition to ! five accept$ ones1 elev5 new species ( true *]ries f ! f> we/ ( ! type ( ,prunus em>g9ata1 "s ( :i* at lea/ h furni%$ food to ! ,indians1 m9]s & trapp]s & may h horticultural possibilities = ! des]t regions 9 :i* !y are f\nd ei!r = fruit or z /ocks4 ,f ! we/]n portion ( ! ,old ,_w1 includ+ all ( ,europe1 nor!rn ,africa1 ,asia ,m9or1 ,p]sia1 ,turke/an & ,afghani/an come #ad species4 ,f ?is region1 ?\gh ! numb] ( species z comp>$ ) ,ea/ ,asia is small1 we h all ( ! cultivat$ escul5t *]ries1 if possibly ,prunus tom5tosa be except$4 ,?\gh ne>ly all ( ! species ( ?is l>ge t]ritory are f\nd--possibly all orig9at$ !re--9 ! s\!a/]n "p ( ,europe & ! adjo9+ s\?we/]n "p ( ,asia1 yet !y seem1 ) "o or two exceptions1 to be q di/9ct f ! species ( ! ea/]n half ( ! ,old ,_w--! ,himalaya ,m\nta9s sep>at+ ! two regions4 ,x is probable t :5 we/ c5tral ,asia has be5 z well explor$ botanically z ! ea/ c5tral "p ( ! cont95t1 _m new species w be add$ to ,prunus & its sub-g5us ,c]asus4 ,x is 9 ! ea/]n half ( ! ,old ,_w t ! *]ry flora is ri*e/4 ,m ?an #ajj ( ! #aai species ( ,c]asus recogniz$ by ,koehne are f\nd 9 ! ,himalaya ,m\nta9s & ! region to ! ea/ includ+ ,japan & ! ,kuril ,isl&s4 ,yet out ( all ( ?is weal? ( raw mat]ial only ,prunus tom5tosa has be5 truly dome/icat$ z an escul5t ?\gh possibly a score ( ^! species are well-kn[n ornam5tals4 ,( ! #ajj ea/]n ,asiatic species ab\t #ge belong to ,*9a--! rema9d] to ,=mosa1 ,siam & ,japan ) its isl&s4 ,happily ^! ,*9ese *]ries are be+ introduc$1 b a few at a "t1 x is true1 to ,europe & ,am]ica & x c h>dly be o!rwise ?an t !y w enri* horticulture z !y are dome/icat$1 hybridiz$ or us$ z a consort ^u :i* to gr[ ! *]ries n[ kn[n to cultivation4 ,9 p>ticul>1 x may be expect$ t *]ries = ! cold nor? & ! bleak pla9s ( our cont95t w be evolv$ f ! ,asiatic species bett] suit$ to ^! regions ?an ! cultivat$ *]ries we n[ gr[4 ,! numb] & div]sity ( ! species ( *]ries :i* ?is brief review ( ,c]asus %[s to exi/ sugge/ t our cultivat$ *]ry flora is b begun4 ,!re c be no "q b t o!rs ( ^! species ?an ! few t h be5 dome/icat$ w yield to improvem5t "u cultivation & furni% refre%+ fruits4 ,x is j z c]ta9 t new types1 z valuable p]haps z ! hybrid ,dukes we n[ h1 c be produc$ ?r\gh hybridization4 ,9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 we h no satisfactory /ock = cultivat$ ,sweet & ,s\r ,*]ries4 ,bo? ( ! /ocks n[ commonly us$1 ! ,mazz>d & ! ,mahaleb1 z we %all see1 h weaknesses t unfit !m = g5]al use4 ,surely out ( ! great numb] ( =ms we h j li/$ a bett] /ock ?an ei!r ( ! two nam$ c be f\nd4 ,no d\bt1 too1 _m ( ^! new species1 ev5 ?\gh !y d n furni% food1 w prove valuable timb] or ornam5tal trees4 ,we are ready n[ = a m detail$ discussion ( ! cultivat$ species ( *]ries4 #c ,! leaves are conduplicate 9 v]nation 9 a few species ( ,am]ican plums2 ^! species are int]m$iate betwe5 plums & *]ries4 #d ,! species are giv5 z classifi$ by ,koehne1 ,plantae ,wilsonianae ,pt4 #b3bcg-bga4 #aiab4 ,! lib]ty has be5 tak5 ( *ang+ ! =m ( ,koehne's citations to con=m to t us$ at ?is ,/ation4 ,= ! sake ( brevity "s ( ! citations ( ! orig9al au?or h be5 omitt$4 ,space does n p]mit ! publication ( ,koehne's sy/em ( classification4 ,?is may be f\nd 9 ,plantae ,wilsonianae ,pt4 #b3bbf-bcg4 #aiab4 ,cons]vative botani/s w h>dly accept all ( ,koehne's species1 9 describ+ :i* ! au?or tells u he labor$ "u ! difficulty ( paucity ( mat]ial & t z m mat]ial comes to h& !re mu/1 !re=e1 be revisions4 ,^! species are provisionally accept$ 9 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york "u ! belief t botany & horticulture are be/ s]v$ by giv+ names freely s t all =ms to :i* ref]5ce may ne$ to be made may ?us be bett] id5tifi$4 ,! botanical /ud5t ( ,c]asus is ref]r$ to ,s*neid]'s compreh5sive discussion ( ,prunus 9 8 ,h&bu* d] ,laubholzkunde #a3ehi-fcg4 #aijf & #b3igc-iic2 also ,koehne's monographs ( ,c]asus1 ,s>g5t1 ,c4 ,s41 ,plantae ,wilsonianae ,pt4 #b3aig-bga4 #aiab4 ,pr(itable ?\gh x might be1 space does n p]mit 9 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york a botanical discussion ( o!r ?an ! species cultivat$ = _! fruits4 #e ,koehne has pres5t$ ! results ( a c>eful /udy ( ! di/ribution ( *]ries 9 ,mitt4 ,deuts*4 ,d5dr4 ,ges4 #afh-ahc4 #aiab4 #f ,gre5e 7,proc4 ,biol4 ,soc4 ,wa%4 #ah3ee-fj4 #aije71 pref]r+ ,c]asus to ,prunus z a g5]ic "n = racemose *]ries1 gives ! foll[+ new species3 ,c]asus cali=nica 7,fl4 ,francis4 #ej4 #ahia7 f ! hills ( middle we/]n ,cali=nia2 ,c]asus cr5ulata f ! ,mongolian ,m\nta9s1 ,new ,mexico2 ,c]asus arida inhabit+ ! bord]s ( ! des]t at ! ea/]n base ( ! ,san ,b]n>d9o ,m\nta91 ,cali=nia2 ,c]asus prunifolia f\nd 9 ! m\nta9s ( ,fresno ,c\nty1 ,cali=nia2 ,c]asus rhamnoides collect$ at ,mud ,spr+s1 ,amador ,c\nty1 ,cali=nia2 ,c]asus kelloggiana f ! middle ,si]ra ,nevada ,m\nta9s 9 ,cali=nia2 ,c]asus padifolia collect$ 9 ! foo?ills ne> ,c>son ,city1 ,nevada2 ,c]asus obliqua describ$ f a s+le specim5 f ,oroville1 ,cali=nia2 ,c]asus p>viflora kn[n only f ,mt4 ,%a/a1 ,cali=nia2 ,c]asus obtusa f ! arid int]ior ( s\!a/]n ,oregon2 & ,c]asus tri*opetala f\nd at ,columbia ,falls1 ,montana4 ,! type specim5s ( ^! elev5 species are 9 ! ,national ,h]b>ium at ,wa%+ton4 ,,prunus ,,c]asus ,l9naeus4 ,i4 ,l9naeus ,spec4 ,pl4 #dgd4 #agec4 ,p4 au/]a4 #b4 ,ehrh>t ,beitr4 #e3afj4 #agij4 ,p4 acida4 #c4 ,ehrh>t l4 c4 #agij4 ,p4 ae/iva4 #d4 ,salisbury ,prodr4 #cef4 #agif4 ,p4 pl5a4 #e4 ,poiret1 9 ,lam>ck ,enc4 ,m?4 ,bot4 #e3fga4 #ahjd4 ,p4 rosea4 #f4 ,poiret1 9 ,lam>ck l4 c4 #ahjd4 ,p4 ,juliana4 #g4 ,rei*5ba* ,fl4 ,g]m4 ,exc4 #fdc4 #ahcb1 n ,poiret 9 ,lam>ck1 #ahje4 ,p4 hort5sis4 #h4 ,p]soon ,syn4 ,pl4 #b3cd4 #ahjg4 ,p4 ,m>asca4 #i4 ,rei*5ba* ,fl4 ,g]m4 ,exc4 #fdd4 #ahcb4 ,p4 oxyc>pa4 #aj4 ,be*/e9 ,=/4 ,bot4 #e3dbd4 #ahdc4 ,p4 vulg>is4 #aa4 ,s*ur ,enum4 ,pl4 ,transsilv4 #ied4 #ahff4 ,c]asus vulg>is4 #ab4 ,mill] ,g>d4 ,dict4 ed4 #h3,no4 #a4 #agfh4 ,c4 hort5ses4 #ac4 ,mill] l4 c4 ,no4 #c4 #agfh4 ,c4 acida4 #ad4 ,borkhaus51 9 ,roem] ,ar*4 ,bot4 #a3aa1 #ch4 #agif4 ,c4 au/]a4 #ae4 ,borkhaus51 9 ,roem] l4 c4 #agif4 ,c4 ,caproniana4 #af4 ,de ,c&olle ,fl4 ,fran4 ed4 #c1 #d3hdb4 #ahje4 ,c4 nicotianaefolia4 #ag4 ,hort4 ex ,de ,c&olle ,prodr4 #b3ecf4 #ahbe4 ,c4 big>ella4 #ah4 ,dumorti] ,fl4 ,belg4 #ia4 #ahbg4 ,c4 effusa4 #ai4 ,ho/ ,fl4 ,au/r4 #b3f4 #ahca4 ,c4 ,m>asca4 #bj4 ,ho/ l4 c4 #ahca4 ,c4 ,bungei4 #ba4 ,walp]s ,rep4 #b3i4 #ahdc4 ,c4 ,heaumiana4 #bb4 ,roem] ,syn4 ,rosifl4 #fi4 #ahdg4 ,c4 trid5t9a4 #bc4 ,roem] l4 c4 #gf4 #ahdg4 ,c4 ,rhexii4 #bd4 ,hort4 ,gall4 ex ,van ,h\tte ,fl4 ,s]res1 sr4 #b1 #g3aei4 #ahfh4 ,c4 cucullata4 #be4 ,hort4 ex ,ko* ,d5drol4 #a3f4 #ahfi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,prunus ,,c]asus 7,,am>elle ,,gr\p7 ,tree l[1 rea*+ a height ( tw5ty to ?irty feet1 diffuse1 op5-head$1 r\nd-topp$ or spread+1 (t5 )\t a c5tral lead]2 trunk at maturity a foot 9 diamet]2 b>k r$di%-br[n ov]laid ) a%y-gray1 smoo? or sometimes r\gh5$2 bran*es spread+1 sl5d] & m or less droop+2 bran*lets sl5d] & will[y1 glabr\s1 r$di%-br[n becom+ d>k] & ov]spread ) a%y-gray2 l5ticels small1 num]\s1 conspicu\s1 rais$4 ,leaves res9\s at op5+1 m or less erect1 v num]\s1 ?ree to f\r in*es long & f "o-half to two in*es wide1 obovate to oval1 fold$ upw>d1 ?ick & firm 9 texture2 upp] surface d>k gre51 smoo?1 ! l[] surface pal] gre51 ) m or less pubesc5ce2 apex tap]-po9t$ or acute1 base abrupt or acute2 m>g9s f9ely s]rate1 (t5 d\bly s1 tee? tipp$ ) small1 d>k gl&s2 petioles f a half-in* to two in*es long1 sl5d]1 groov$1 ) a few hairs on ! upp] surface1 t+$ ) r$2 gl&s f "o to f\r1 usually small1 v>i\sly color$1 globose or r5i=m1 usually at ! base ( ! blade2 /ipules small1 lanceolate1 n>r[1 f9ely s]rate1 e>ly caduc\s4 ,w9t]-buds small1 %ort1 obtuse or po9t$1 plump & free1 arrang$ s+ly or 9 clu/]s2 leaf-sc>s usually prom95t2 fl[]s appe>+ ) or aft] ! leaves1 %[y1 an in* across1 :ite2 borne 9 d5se or scatt]$1 v scaly clu/]s & 9 twos1 ?rees & f\rs on "o-ye>-old wood2 p$icels f a half to an in* & a half 9 l5g?1 sl5d]1 gre5 & glabr\s2 calyx-tube obconic1 glabr\s1 gre5 or t+$ ) r$2 calyx-lobes broadly obtuse or acute1 glabr\s on bo? surfaces1 reflex$1 m>g9 s]rate1 fa9tly r$2 petals :ite1 r\ndi% or oval to obovate1 entire or cr5ate1 sessile or ne>ly s2 /am5s ab\t ?irty1 filam5ts "o-f\r? ( an in* 9 l5g?2 an!rs yell[2 pi/ils ab\t z long z ! /am5s1 glabr\s4 ,fruit r\ndi%-oblate or cordate1 sides slightly compress$1 ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]2 suture lack+ or indi/9ct2 cavity well m>k$1 usually abrupt2 apex usually depress$2 color f light to d>k r$2 dots num]\s1 small1 russet1 m or less conspicu\s2 /em sl5d]1 f a half-in* to two in*es 9 l5g?1 glabr\s1 )\t bloom2 sk9 usually sep>at+ readily f ! pulp2 fle% d>k r$1 ) d>k color$ juice or pale yell[ ) colorless juice1 t5d]1 melt+1 sprightly1 m or less acidul\s1 sometimes a/r+5t2 /one free or m or less cl++1 r\ndi%1 po9t$ or blunt1 smoo?1 less ?an a half in* 9 diamet]2 v5tral suture usually ridg$1 sometimes smoo?4 ,! num]\s synonyms ( ,prunus c]asus indicate ! /ate ( confusion :i* prevails 9 ! sci5tific nom5clature ( ! ,s\r ,*]ry4 ,yet ! names giv5 are sc>cely a ti! ( ^? t h be5 disc>d$ or sup]s$$ = a :ole or a "p ( ?is species by botani/s4 ,happily1 !re is no language 9 :i* !re is a possibility ( confus+ ! ,s\r ,*]ry ) ! o!r two or ?ree species ( cultivat$ *]ries if ! common names be us$4 ,t m51 le>n$ or unle>n$1 speak+ 9 _! "m tongues di/+ui% species ( *]ries s readily by _! common names1 is ample excuse = n attempt+ to give 9 a pomological "w all ( ! ,lat9 names ( ! ,s\r ,*]ry t h be5 us$ by ! _m m5 :o h at "o "t or ano!r attempt$ to classify ! plants 9 ,prunus4 ,^? "h publi%$ are f botani/s :o h contribut$ mo/ to ! k ( ! species4 ,prunus c]asus is ! ,s\r ,*]ry1 or ,pie ,*]ry1 ( _m languages--gr[n & e/eem$ 9 temp]ate climates ! _w ov] & probably ! mo/ widely di/ribut$ ( all tree fruits4 ,! species is f\nd truly wild1 z we h set =? 9 detail 9 ! foll[+ *apt]1 9 s\?we/]n ,asia & s\!a/]n ,europe4 ,x is a frequ5t escape f cultivation1 multiply+ f se$ di/ribut$ by birds or human ag5cies or gr[+ f suck]s :i* spr+ s freely f ! roots z to make ! species unfit = a /ock 9 or*>d "w4 ,! numb] ( cultivat$ v>ieties ( ,prunus c]asus li/$ 9 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york is #bgj4 ,s\r ,*]ries cultivat$ = _! fruits con/itute two di/9ct gr\ps1 ea* ( :i* is aga9 divid$ into _m v>ieties4 ,! two gr\ps v>y m or less 9 bo? tree & fruit b h a con/ant diff]5ce only 9 a s+le1 v easily di/+ui%$ "*--! juice 9 ! fruits ( "o is r$1 9 ! o!r x is colorless4 ,! *]ries ) colorless juice are ! ,am>elles1 f ! ,lat9 = bitt]1 a t]m probably fir/ us$ by ! ,g]mans b n[ 9 g5]al use :]ev] ^! *]ries are gr[n1 ?\gh ! ,engli% (t5 designate !m z ,k5ti% *]ries & ! ,fr5* z ,c]isi] ,commun4 ,^! ,am>elles are pale r$ fruits1 m or less flatt5$ at ! ends4 ,despite ! d]ivation ( ! "n ,am>elle1 !y h less bitt]ness ?an ! o!r gr\p ( v>ieties ( ! ,s\r ,*]ry4 ,!y are also less acid ?an ! d>k] color$ *]ries & are !re=e m suitable = eat+ out ( h& :ile ! d>k color$ *]ries are almo/ exclusively cul9>y fruits4 ,! common repres5tatives ( ?is gr\p are ,e>ly ,ri*mond1 ,montmor5cy & ! v>i\s *]ries to :i* ! ^w ,am>elle is affix$1 z ! ,k+ ,am>elle & ! ,spte ,am>elle4 ,! second gr\p1 v>ieties ) r$di% juice & usually ) v d>k fruits :i* are m sph]ical or cordate 9 %ape ?an ! ,am>elles1 comprises ! ,morellos ( sev]al languages or ! ,griottes ( ,illu/ration3 ,,prunus ,,c]asus 7,,morello ,,gr\p7 ! ,fr5*4 ,! fir/ ( ^! t]ms has ref]5ce to ! color1 ! ^w ,morello com+ f ! ,italian mean+ blacki% :ile ,griotte1 f ! ,fr5*1 probably is d]iv$ ?r\gh agriotte f aigre1 mean+ %>p1 9 ref]5ce to ! acidity ( ^! *]ries4 ,wei*sel is ! ,g]man gr\p "n = ^! *]ries1 r less commonly us$ ?an ! o!r two t]ms4 ,! trees ( ! ,morello-l v>ieties are usually small]1 bu%i] & m compact ?an ^? ( ! ,am>elles4 ,! bran*es1 z a rule1 are m horizontal1 (t5 droop+1 are less regul>ly arrang$ & are m sl5d]4 ,! leaves1 9 typical v>ieties1 are small]1 ?9n]1 a d>k] gre5 & are p5dant :ile ^? ( ! ,am>elles are ei!r incl9$ to be upright or horizontal2 ! leaves are also too!d less deeply & m regul>ly4 ,^! diff]5ces 9 ! leaves are well %[n 9 ! color-plates ( ! v>ieties ( ! two gr\ps4 ,!re are diff]5ces1 also1 9 ! infloresc5ce & ! floral organs 9 ! extreme types b ^! disappe> 9 ! v>ieties t connect ! two =ms4 ,! typical v>ieties ( ?is gr\p are ,engli% ,morello1 ,o/heim1 ,olivet1 ,brussel] ,braune1 ,vladimir & ,riga4 ,attempts to give precise di/9ctions betwe5 ! fruits & trees ( ! two gr\ps fail because ! v>ieties con/itut+ !m hybridize freely mak+ x impossible1 ) ! m or less bl5d$ *>act]s1 to classify accurately4 ,! gr\p "n indicates b little m ?an :e!r ! *]ries h a color$ or a colorless juice--a di/9ction well wor? :ile = ! fruit-gr[]4 ,ehrh>t call$ ,s\r ,*]ries ) colorless juice ,prunus acida & ^? ) d>k color$ juice ,prunus au/]a4 ,to "s ext5t botani/s h foll[$ ,ehrh>t's designations4 ,l9naeus ?\ght ! two gr\ps suffici5tly di/9ct to be botanical v>ieties ( ! species & d5om9at$ ! *]ry ) colorless juice ,prunus c]asus caproniana & ! "o ) color$ juice ,prunus c]asus au/]a4 ,a ?ird division ( ! species is ! ,m>asca *]ry f :i* is made m>as*9o1 a di/ill$ liqueur mu* us$ 9 ,europe z a dr9k & 9 ,europe & ,am]ica 9 ! manufacture ( m>as*9o *]ries4 ,! ,m>asca *]ry is a native ( ! prov9ce ( ,dalmatia1 ,au/ria1 :]e ! trees gr[ wild & are n[ sp>+ly cultivat$4 ,9 #ahca ,ho/ gave ?is =m ! "n ,c]asus m>asca & a ye> lat] ,rei*5ba* describ$ x z ,prunus m>asca4 ,botani/s n[ v g5]ally include x 9 ! species "u discussion & ,s*neid]#g makes x a botanical v>iety1 ,prunus c]asus m>asca1 a disposition :i* we believe to be ! be/4 ,! ,m>asca *]ries diff] f ! o!r cultivat$ =ms *iefly 9 ! great] vigor ( ! trees1 relatively f9] s]rations ( ! leaves1 long] /ipules & a m compact infloresc5ce4 ,! fruits are mu* small] ?an 9 ! common ,s\r ,*]ries1 are deep r$ or almo/ black 9 color & h int5sely r$ fle% & juice4 ,! *]ries are v acid ) a bitt] ta/e t gives flavor to ! m>as*9o made f !m4 ,besides ^! divisions ( ! species cultivat$ = _! fruits botani/s describe sev]al botanical =ms :i* ei!r h no horticultural value or are cultivat$ exclusively z ornam5tals4 ,x is n necess>y to discuss ^! 9 a pomological "w4 ,( ^! botanical d]ivatives ( ,prunus c]asus1 ,s*neid] enum]ates n9e & ?ree hybrids betwe5 ?is & o!r species4#h #g ,s*neid]1 ,c4 ,k4 ,h&b4 ,laubh4 #a3fae4 #aijf4 #h ,s*neid]1 ,c4 ,k4 ,h&b4 ,laubh4 #a3aijf2 #b3aiab4 ,,prunus ,,avium ,l9naeus4 #a4 ,l9naeus ,fl4 ,suec4 ed4 #b3afe4 #agee4 ,p4 nigricans4 #b4 ,ehrh>t ,beitr4 #g3abf4 #agib4 ,p4 v>ia4 #c4 ,ehrh>t l4 c4 #abg4 #agib4 ,p4 sylve/ris4 #d4 ,p]soon ,syn4 ,pl4 #b3ce4 #ahjg4 ,p4 dulcis4 #e4 ,mill] ex ,rei*5ba* ,fl4 ,g]m4 ,exc4 #fdd4 #ahcb4 ,c]asus nigra4 #f4 ,mill] ,g>d4 ,dict4 ed4 #h3 ,no4 #b4 #agfh4 ,c4 ,avium4 #g4 ,mo5* ,m?4 #fgb4 #agid4 ,c4 v>ia4 #h4 ,borkhaus51 9 ,roem] ,ar*4 #a41 #b3ch4 #agif4 ,c4 ,juliana4 #i4 ,de ,c&olle ,fl4 ,fran4 #d3dhc4 #ahje4 ,c4 durac9a4 #aj4 ,de ,c&olle l4 c4 #ahje4 ,c4 rubicunda4 #aa4 ,be*/e9 ,=/b4 #afj1 #cce4 #ahaj4 ,c4 int]m$ia4 #ab4 ,ho/ ,fl4 ,au/r4 #b3g4 #ahca1 n ,loisel4 9 ,duham4 #ahab4 ,c4 decumana4 #ac4 ,delaunay ex ,s]+e1 9 ,de ,c&olle ,prodr4 #b3ecf4 #ahbe4 ,c4 macrophylla4 #ad4 ,sweet ,hort4 ,brit4 ed4 #a3dhe4 #ahbg4 ,c4 dulcis4 #ae4 ,borkhaus5 ex ,/eudel ,nom4 ,bot4 ed4 sec41 #a3cca4 #ahdj4 ,c4 pallida4 #af4 ,roem] ,syn4 ,rosifl4 #fi4 #ahdg4 ,c4 het]ophylla4 #ag4 ,hort4 ex ,ko* ,d5drol4 #a3ajf4 #ahfi4 ,c4 aspl5ifolia4 #ah4 ,hort4 ex ,ko* l4 c4 #ahfi4 ,c4 salicifolia4 #ai4 ,hort4 ex ,ko* l4 c4 #ahfi1 n ,s]4 9 ,de ,c&olle4 #ahbe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,yell[ ,,spani%7 ,illu/ration3 ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,d\ble ,,fl[]+7 ,tree rea*+ a height ( ?irty to =ty feet1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 op5-topp$1 semi-h>dy1 usually ) a c5tral lead]2 trunk a foot or m 9 diamet] r\gh5$2 bran*es r /ocky1 smoo?1 dull a%-gray1 ) few small l5ticels2 bran*lets ?ick1 long1 ) long int]nodes1 grayi%-br[n1 smoo?1 ) small1 inconspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves res9\s at op5+1 m or less droop+1 num]\s1 f\r to six in*es long1 two to ?ree in*es wide1 /rongly conduplicate1 oblong-ovate1 ?92 upp] surface d>k gre51 rugose or sometimes smoo?2 l[] surface dull gre51 m or less pubesc5t2 apex acute1 base m or less abrupt2 m>g9 co>sely & d\bly s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 sl5d]1 dull r$1 ) f "o to ?ree small1 globose1 r$di% gl&s on ! /alk2 /ipules small1 lanceolate1 f9ely s]rate1 e>ly caduc\s4 ,buds r small1 ( m$ium l5g?1 po9t$1 appress$ or free1 arrang$ s+ly or 9 small1 scaly clu/]s at ! tips ( bran*lets or on %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 bloom+ ) or aft] ! leaves2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-qu>t] in*es across2 9 clu/]s ( two or ?ree2 p$icels "o in* long1 sl5d]1 glabr\s2 calyx-tube gre5 or ) a fa9t r$ t+e1 br[ni%-yell[ )91 campanulate2 calyx-lobes fa9tly t+$ ) r$1 long1 acute1 m>g9 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals oval1 entire or cr5ate1 tap]+ to a %ort1 blunt claw2 /am5s ne>ly "o-half in* long1 ?irty-five or ?irty-six2 an!rs yell[2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit rip5+ 9 e>ly ,july2 ab\t an in* 9 diamet]1 cordate2 cavity deep1 wide1 abrupt2 suture a l9e2 apex r\ndi% or po9t$2 color rang+ f yell[ ?r\gh r$ to purpli%-black2 dots num]\s1 small1 russet1 inconspicu\s2 /em t+$ ) r$1 "o & "o-half in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 t\ghi%1 adh]5t to ! pulp2 fle% yell[1 r$1 or d>k purple ) colorless or color$ juice1 t5d] to firm1 sweet2 /one semi-cl++1 ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* long1 n z wide z long1 elliptical1 flatt5$1 blunt1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,?r\gh its cultivat$ v>ieties ,prunus avium is ev]y:]e kn[n 9 temp]ate climates z ! ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,9 ! wild /ate x is v>i\sly call$ ,mazz>d1 ,bird1 ,wild1 ,crab & ! ,gean *]ry4 ,x is n z h>dy a species z ,prunus c]asus & is1 !re=e1 less g5]ally gr[n b /ill is a favorite or*>d1 doory>d & roadside plant 9 all mid-temp]ate regions4 ,x refuses to gr[1 h[ev]1 9 ! w>me/ & colde/ p>ts ( ! temp]ate zones4 ,:]ev] ! species ?rives z an or*>d plant x is to be f\nd gr[+ spontane\sly along f5ces & roadsides & 9 op5 woods f se$s di/ribut$ by birds4 ,! fruits ( ^! wild ,sweet ,*]ries are usually small & ! fle% ?9 & dry1 (t5 unpalatable2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 trees are sometimes f\nd z escapes f cultivation :i* rival 9 _! products ! or*>d-gr[n *]ries4 ,x is f rev]t$ se$l+s t ! description ( ! species h]e) giv5 has be5 made4 ,! numb] ( cultivat$ v>ieties ( ,prunus avium li/$ 9 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york is #edi4 ,! habitat ( ! species & its hi/ory z a cultivat$ plant are giv5 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,a fur!r po9t ( horticultural int]e/ z reg>ds its habitat is t :]ev] f\nd truly wild1 z 9 its orig9al home 9 s\!rn & c5tral ,europe & ,asia ,m9or1 x is to be f\nd 9 mod]ately dry1 calc>e\s soils & seldom 9 ! %ade1 pref]r+ always w>m1 sunny sites1 z gravelly or /ony hillsides4 ,^! pr$ilections cl+ to ! species 9 its cultivat$ v>ieties4 ,prunus avium diff]s f ,prunus c]asus 9 an important horticultural "* z ! two species gr[ spontane\sly--! =m] suck]s f ! root little or n at all1 mak+ x a suitable plant = a /ock 9 or*>d "w1 :ile ! latt] suck]s s mu* z to make x unfit = use z a /ock4 ,prunus avium is v>i\sly divid$ by botani/s & pomologi/s4 ,:atev] di/9ct =ms ( ! species may exi/ 9 ! wild /ate1 !y are n[ int]m9ably confus$ by hybridization "u cultivation4 ,x is impossible to divide ! species into botanical v>ieties f ! *>act]s ( ! horticultural v>ieties1 z _m botani/s h attempt$ to d4 ,! species c be r\ghly divid$ into two pomological gr\ps1 ! di/+ui%+ "* be+ ! texture ( ! fle%4 ,sweet ,*]ries ) s(t1 t5d] fle% =m "o gr\p kn[n by pomologi/s "u ! ,fr5* gr\p "n ,guigne or ! ,engli% ,gean4 ,^! are also ! ,he>t *]ries ( common p>lance4 ,^! s(t-fruit$ *]ries may aga9 be divid$ into d>k color$ v>ieties ) r$di% juice & light color$ sorts ) colorless juice4 ,typical light color$ ,geans are ,coe1 ,ida1 ,elton & ,wat]loo2 d>k color$ ones are ,black ,t>t>ian1 ,e>ly ,purple & ,eagle4 ,x is to ?is gr\p ( *]ries t ,l9naeus gave ! v>ietal "n ,juliana & ,de ,c&olle ! specific "n ,c]asus ,juliana4 ,! second gr\p is di/+ui%$ by ! firm1 break+ fle% ( ! fruits--! ,big>reaus ( sev]al languages1 ! "n orig9ally hav+ ref]5ce to ! div]se colors ( ! fruits4 ,?is gr\p is fur!r divisible 9 accordance ) color ( fruit & juice into black ,big>reaus & light ,big>reaus4 ,*ief ( ! black *]ries fall+ into ?is division are ,w9dsor1 ,s*midt & ,mezel2 ( ! light ones1 :i* are mu* m num]\s1 ,yell[ ,spani% & ,napoleon are repres5tative sorts4 ,l9naeus call$ ^! h>d-fle%$ *]ries ,prunus avium durac9a2 ,de ,c&olle call$ !m ,c]asus durac9a2 ,k4 ,ko*1 ,prunus avium decumana2 & ,roem]1 ,c]asus big>ella4 ,besides ^! two or*>d =ms ( ,prunus avium sev]al o!r horticultural =ms1 q z di/9ct or ev5 m s1 are gr[n z ornam5tals1 "s ( :i* are li/$ z di/9ct species or z botanical v>ieties ( ,prunus avium4 ,to add to ! confusion1 a numb] ( ,lat9iz$ g>d5 names are m or less commonly appli$ to ^! ornam5tal ,sweet ,*]ries4 ,s*neid]1#i 9 revis+ ! g5us ,prunus1 names f\r botanical =ms ( ,prunus avium & two natural hybrids ) o!r species4 #i ,s*neid]1 ,c4 ,k4 ,h&b4 ,laubh4 #a3aijf2 #b3aiab4 ,,prunus ,,avium ,,prunus ,,c]asus ,! ,duke *]ries1 long plac$ by mo/ pomologi/s & botani/s 9 a botanical v>iety ( ,prunus avium1 are unque/ionably hybrids betwe5 ! ,sweet ,*]ry & ! ,s\r ,*]ry4 ,a /udy ( ! *>act]s ( ! v>ieties ( ! ,duke *]ries %[s all gradations betwe5 ,prunus c]asus & ,prunus avium1 ?\gh1 9 ! ma91 !y resemble ! latt] m ?an ! =m]1 diff]+ f ! ,sweet ,*]ries mo/ noticeably 9 hav+ an acid fle%4 ,/]ility is a common attribute ( hybridism4 ,9 ?is respect ! ,dukes behave l mo/ hybrids4 ,9 sev]al ,duke *]ries all ( ! se$s collect$ at ?is ,/ation are /]ile2 9 o!rs1 mo/ ( !m are /]ile & 9 none are ! se$s z f]tile z 9 v>ieties kn[n to be pure br$ z to species4 ,s1 too1 %runk5 poll5 gra9s indicate hybridity4 ,a /udy ( ! poll5 ( ! ,duke *]ries %[s _m gra9s1 ! great] proportion1 to be abnormal1 a condition n f\nd 9 ! poll5 ( v>ieties true to species4 ,may ,duke1 ,re9e ,hort5se & ,late ,duke are ! lead+ hybrid v>ieties4 ,illu/ration3 ,,prunus ,,avium ,,prunus ,,c]asus 7,,re9e ,,hort5se7 ,!re are d>k color$ ,duke *]ries ) r$di% juice & light color$ sorts ) uncolor$ juice1 j z 9 ! two p>5t species4 ,may ,duke is a typical v>iety ) color$ juice :ile ,re9e ,hort5se is probably ! be/-kn[n *]ry among ^! hybrids ) uncolor$ juice4 ,ab\t #fe ( ! *]ries li/$ 9 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york are ,dukes1 or hybrids betwe5 ! ,sweet & ! ,s\r ,*]ry4 ,! "n ,duke comes f ! v>iety ,may ,duke :i* is a corruption ( ,mdoc1 a di/rict 9 ! dep>tm5t ( ,g]onde1 ,france1 f :5ce ?is v>iety came4 ,! *]ries ( ?is gr\p are kn[n z ,dukes only 9 ,engl&2 9 ,france ! "n ,royale is simil>ly us$4 ,^! hybrid *]ries h be5 plac$ 9 a di/9ct botanical gr\p by sev]al botani/s4 ,!y con/itute ! ,c]asus regalis ,poiteau & ,turp9 7,traite des ,arb4 ,fruit4 #abc72 ! ,c]asus big>ella regalis ,roem] 7,syn4 ,monogr4 #c3fi72 & ! ,prunus avium regalis ,bailey 7,cyc4 ,am4 ,hort4 #adec4 #aija74 ,,prunus ,,mahaleb ,l9naeus4 #a4 ,l9naeus ,sp4 ,pl4 #dgd4 #agec4 #b4 ,bailey ,cyc4 ,am4 ,hort4 #c3adea4 #aija4 #c4 ,s*neid] ,h&b4 ,laubh4 #a3fag4 #aijf4 ,c]asus mahaleb4 #d4 ,mill] ,g>d4 ,dict4 ed4 #h3 ,no4 #d4 #agei4 ,padus mahaleb4 #e4 ,borkhaus5 ,h&b4 ,=/b4 #b3adcd4 #ahjc4 ,tree small1 sl5d]1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 op5-topp$2 bran*es r\gh5$1 a%-gray ov] r$di%-br[n2 bran*lets num]\s1 sl5d] & firm-wood$1 ) %ort int]nodes1 dull gray1 glabr\s1 ) v num]\s l>ge1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 an in* 9 l5g?1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es wide1 ovate to obovate1 ?ick1 lea!ry2 upp] surface d>k gre51 glossy1 smoo?2 l[] surface light gre51 slightly pubesc5t along ! midrib2 apex & base abrupt2 m>g9 f9ely cr5ate1 ) r$di%-br[n gl&s2 petiole "o-half in* long1 sl5d]1 gre5i%1 ) none or ) f "o to ?ree small1 globose1 gre5i% gl&s v>iable 9 position4 ,buds small1 %ort1 obtuse1 appress$ or free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & 9 clu/]s on small1 sl5d] spurs2 fl[]s appe>+ late1 aft] ! leaves1 small1 av]ag+ "o-half in* across1 :ite1 fragrant2 borne 9 clu/]s ( six to eight scatt]$ on a ma9 /em an in* 9 l5g?1 ) ! t]m9al p$icels "o-qu>t] in* long & basal p$icels "o-half in* long2 p$icels sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube gre51 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes n>r[1 entire1 glabr\s1 reflex$2 petals :ite1 small1 sep>at$1 ovate1 tap]+ to %ort1 n>r[ claws2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 ab\t equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures ab\t ! middle ( ,july2 v small1 "o-f\r? in* long1 "o-?ird in* wide1 r\ndi%-ovate2 cavity %all[ & abrupt2 suture %all[ or a m]e l9e2 apex r\ndi% to slightly po9t$1 ) /igma usually adh]5t2 color black2 /em sl5d]1 l5g? ( corymb ab\t "o & "o-half in*es2 l5g? ( fruit-/em ab\t "o-qu>t] in*2 sk9 ?ick1 t\gh2 fle% r$di%-black1 ) scant r$di%-black juice1 t5d] & s(t1 v a/r+5t1 s\r1 n edible2 /one free or ne>ly s1 v small1 av]ag+ n9e ?irty-seconds in* long & sev5 ?irty-seconds in* wide1 ovate1 slightly flatt5$1 ) po9t$ apex2 v5tral suture prom95t4 ,prunus mahaleb is n[ a wild inhabitant ( all s\!rn ,europe z f> nor? z c5tral ,france1 s\!rn ,g]many1 ,au/ria-,hung>y & ea/w>d ?r\gh ,asia ,m9or & ,caucasia to & )9 ! bord]s ( ,turke/an4 ,:]ev] x gr[s spontane\sly 9 ! ,old ,_w x is said to pref] rocky1 gravelly1 sunny slopes & ! climate 9 :i* ! grape ?rives be/4 ,wild or cultivat$1 ! ,mahaleb is a %all[-root$ plant1 a fact t mu/ be tak5 into consid]ation 9 its use z a /ock4 ,prunus mahaleb is a common escape f cultivation 9 ea/]n ,nor? ,am]ica especially ab\t ! nurs]y c5t]s ( c5tral ,new ,york4 ,! ,mahaleb1 or ,/4 ,lucie *]ry1 is ( no importance to fruit-gr[]s = its fruit b z a consort ) ne>ly all ( ! ,sweet & ,s\r ,*]ries n[ be+ propagat$ 9 ,nor? ,am]ica x becomes ( prime importance & s receives botanical consid]ation "h4 ,accord+ to ,s*neid]1 9 ! ref]5ce cit$1 !re are sev]al spontane\s =ms ( ,prunus mahaleb & also sev]al horticultural v>ieties gr[n z ornam5tals4 ,none ( ^!1 wild or cultivat$1 are ( int]e/ to fruit-gr[]s1 unless1 p]*ance "s "o ( !m %\ld prove to be a bett] /ock ^u :i* to "w or*>d *]ries4 ,mahaleb /ocks are usually gr[n z se$l+s b may also be propagat$ f root cutt+s4 ,! wood ( ! ,mahaleb tree is ( value 9 cab9et mak+1 possess+ among o!r good qualities a pleasant & la/+ odor4 ,! leaves1 too1 are odorif]\s & are m or less us$ 9 ,france 9 ! manufacture ( p]fumes & 9 cook]y to give savor to sauces4 ,,prunus ,,tom5tosa ,?unb]g4 #a4 ,?unb]g ,fl4 ,jap4 #bjc4 #aghd4 #b4 ,jack ,g>d5 ,=e/ #e3ehj1 fig4 #ii4 #ahib4 #c4 ,bailey ,cyc4 ,am4 ,hort4 #c3adea4 #aija4 #d4 ,s*neid] ,h&b4 ,laubh4 #a3fja4 #aijf4 #e4 ,koehne ,plantae ,wilsonianae ,pt4 #b3bfh4 #aiab4 ,c]asus tom5tosa4 #f4 ,walli* ,cat4 ,no4 #gae4 #ahbi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,prunus ,,tom5tosa ,a dw>fi%1 bu%-l plant atta9+ a height ( t5 or twelve feet1 vigor\s1 d5se-topp$1 h>dy2 trunk & bran*es /ocky2 bran*es smoo?1 grayi%-br[n2 bran*lets _m1 ( m$ium ?ickness & l5g?1 ?ickly ov]spread ) %ort pubesc5ce1 ) %ort int]nodes1 r\ghi%1 ) a few l>ge1 rais$ l5ticels ne> ! base4 ,leaves num]\s1 two & "o-eigh? in*es long1 "o & "o-half in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d or flatt5$1 broad-oval to obovate1 velvety2 upp] surface dull1 d>k gre51 rugose2 l[] surface ?ickly pubesc5t1 ) a prom95t midrib & ve9s2 apex abruptly po9t$2 m>g9 s]rate2 petiole ?ree-sixte5?s in* 9 l5g?1 r$di%1 pubesc5t1 ( m$ium ?ickness1 ) f twelve to f\rte5 small1 globose1 yell[ gl&s1 usually at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds v small1 %ort1 po9t$1 free1 arrang$ z lat]al buds & 9 clu/]s on small1 %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s n prom95t2 season ( bloom e>ly2 fl[]s appe> ) ! leaves1 :ite1 ?irte5-sixte5?s in* across2 borne s+ly or 9 pairs2 p$icels %ort1 ?ick1 glabr\s2 calyx-tube r$di%1 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes n>r[1 acute1 s]rate1 slightly pubesc5t1 erect2 petals :ite1 r\ndi%-ovate1 entire1 ) %ort claws2 an!rs t+$ ) r$2 pi/il pubesc5t at ! base1 long] ?an ! /am5s1 (t5 defective4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 a half-in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%1 slightly compress$2 cavity deep1 n>r[1 abrupt2 suture %all[2 apex depress$1 ) adh]5t /igma2 color currant-r$2 dots num]\s1 small1 grayi%1 obscure2 /em ?icki%1 "o-eigh? to "o-qu>t] ( an in* 9 l5g?1 pubesc5t2 sk9 ?ick1 t5d]1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 cov]$ ) light pubesc5ce2 fle% light r$1 ) light r$ juice1 /r+y1 melt+1 sprightly1 s\r2 good 9 quality2 /one cl++1 "o-qu>t] ( an in* long1 "o-eigh? in* wide1 oval1 slightly po9t$1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,! habitat ( ,prunus tom5tosa is probably ,c5tral ,asia ?\gh x is n[ to be f\nd gr[+ spontane\sly 9 ,ea/ ,tibet & ! ,*9ese prov9ces ( ,sets*uan1 ,hupe1 ,kansu & p]haps ,to*lii4 ,?is %rub-l *]ry is v g5]ally cultivat$ 9 c5tral1 ea/]n & nor!rn ,*9a & 9 ,japan = its fruit & z an ornam5tal4 ,x has be5 introduc$ into cultivation 9 _m widely sep>at$ places 9 ,nor? ,am]ica & appe>s to be promis+ = cold regions1 bo? bud & wood )/&+ p]fectly ! mo/ rigor\s climates ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,z x gr[s 9 ,am]ica x is a bu% & nev] a true tree4 ,x is a twiggy1 close-jo9t$ plant1 usually ) _m /ems spr++ f ! gr\nd & ^! be>+ bran*es q to ! base4 ,frequ5tly ^! l[-gr[+ bran*es b5d to ! gr\nd & take root =m+ new plants4 ,! bu%es are ?ickly clo!d ) leaves d5sely tom5tose on ! und]side1 9 ?is respect & 9 %ape1 z well1 v unlike ! foliage ( common cultivat$ *]ries4 ,! fl[]s appe> 9 great abundance ) ! leaves1 mak+ a h&some ornam5tal2 !y are :ite1 becom+ rose-color$ z !y fall away4 ,! fruit rip5s 9 mid-season = *]ries1 sett+ pr(usely f ! _m blossoms4 ,! *]ries are a half-in* 9 diamet]1 bright currant-r$1 cov]$ ) inconspicu\s hairs & conta9 a /one ( m$ium size4 ,!y are pleasantly acid1 v juicy & )al a decid$ addition to cultivat$ *]ries4 ,prunus tom5tosa seems a mo/ promis+ plant = dome/ication & ( p>ticul> m]it = small g>d5s & cold regions4 ,koehne1 9 8 li/ ( *]ries1 names t5 botanical v>ieties ( ,prunus tom5tosa4 ,f ?is ! species seems to be mo/ v>iable & "u cultivation w\ld probably break up into _m =ms "s ( :i* might prove sup]ior to ! type species4 ,koehne's botanical v>ieties are giv5 "u ! species on page #bb4 ,,prunus ,,pumila ,l9naeus4 #a4 ,l9naeus ,mant4 ,pl4 #ge4 #agfh4 #b4 ,bailey ,cor4 ,bul4 ,ex4 ,/a4 #ch3if4 #ahib4 ,bailey l4 c4 #gj3bfj4 #ahid4 #c4 ,bailey ,cyc4 ,am4 ,hort4 #c3adej4 #aija4 ,p4 ,susquehanae4 #d4 ,willd5[ ,enum4 ,pl4 #eai4 #ahji4 ,p4 depressa4 #e4 ,pur% ,fl4 ,am4 #a3ccb4 #ahad4 ,p4 incana4 #f4 ,s*we9itz ,long's ,exp$ition by ,keat+ #b3chg4 #ahbd4 ,c]asus glauca4 #g4 ,mo5* ,me?4 #fgb4 #agid4 ,c4 pumila4 #h4 ,mi*aux ,fl4 ,bor4 ,am4 #b3bhf4 #ahjc4 ,c4 depressa4 #i4 ,s]+e1 9 ,de ,c&olle ,prod4 #b3ech4 #ahbe4 ,plant a small %rub1 five to eight feet 9 height1 will[-l habit1 weak1 upright :5 "y b becom+ decumb5t1 sl[-gr[+1 h>dy2 trunk sl5d]1 smoo? except = ! rais$ l5ticels2 bran*es sl5d]1 smoo?1 twiggy1 v d>k1 dull r$di%-black ) a t+e ( gray2 l5ticels num]\s1 small1 conspicu\s2 bran*lets v sl5d]1 %ort1 twiggy1 ) %ort int]nodes1 dull grayi%-br[n1 glabr\s1 ) conspicu\s1 v small1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves hang+ late 9 ! season1 small1 av]ag+ "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 "o in* wide1 flat1 abruptly po9t$1 n>r[ly oblanceolate to obovate1 ?92 upp] surface d>k1 dull gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface light gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t on ! midrib & ve9s2 midrib small1 /raight2 ve9s v m9ute2 m>g9 s]rate1 tee? tipp$ ) v small gl&s2 petiole %ort1 "o-f\r? in* 9 l5g?1 gl&less4 ,fl[]s small1 9 two- to five-fl[]$ umbels1 :ite1 appe>+ ) ! leaves2 p$icels sl5d]1 a half-in* 9 l5g?4 ,fruit ne>ly r\nd1 p5dul\s1 v>iable 9 color b usually purple-black1 )\t bloom1 ne>ly a half-in* 9 diamet]2 fle% ?91 v>iable 9 quality b (t5 s\r & a/r+5t2 season late ,july2 /one turgid1 ne>ly r\nd4 ,prunus pumila1 ! ,s& ,*]ry1 or ,dw>f ,*]ry1 ( ea/]n ,am]ica1 is f\nd on s&y & rocky inl& %ores f ,ma9e to ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia & nor?we/w>d to ! ,lake ( ! ,woods 9 ,canada4 ,9 p>ticul> x is common on ! s& dunes ( ! ,great ,lakes4 ,ev]y:]e 9 ! wild /ate x gr[s 9 light s&s sugge/+ its use 9 arid soils & especially on poor soils 9 cold climates4 ,z yet !re seem to be no nam$ v>ieties ( ?is *]ry kn[n to fruit-gr[]s1 its ne>ly relat$ species1 ,prunus besseyi1 (f]+ great] opportunities to bo? ! fruit-gr[] & ! exp]im5t]4 ,bo? ! plants & fruits are s v>iable1 ! size1 color & quality ( ! crop on "s plants be+ q attractive1 t x is c]ta9 an opportunity to dome/icate a wor?y native plant is be+ ov]look$4 ,! species ought to h value1 too1 z a /ock on :i* to "w o!r *]ries = s&y soils1 dw>f trees & exact+ climates4 ,,prunus ,,cuneata ,raf9esque4 #a4 ,raf9esque ,ann4 ,nat4 #aa4 #ahbj4 #b4 ,bailey ,cor4 ,ex4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ch3aja4 #ahib4 #c4 ,britton & ,br[n ,ill4 ,flora #b3bej4 #ahig4 #d4 ,gray ,man4 ,bot4 ed4 #g3dih4 #aijh4 ,p4 pumila cuneata4 #e4 ,bailey ,cyc4 ,am4 ,hort4 #c3adea4 #aija4 ,prunus cuneata1 sometimes call$ ! ,appala*ian *]ry1 is n gr[+ at ?is ,/ation b is describ$ 9 ! ref]5ces giv5 z v simil> to ! ,s& ,*]ry1 diff]+ 9 ! foll[+ respects3 ,! plant is dw>f] b is m erect nev] hav+ pro/rate bran*es2 ! bran*es are smoo!r & light] color$2 ! leaves are %ort]1 m oval1 m obtuse1 ?9n]1 less conspicu\sly ve9$1 tee? few] & ! po9ts m appress$2 ! fl[]s are l>g]1 petals broad] & are borne on slightly curl$ /ems 9 umbels ( two to f\r2 ! fruit & /one 9 ! two species are mu* ! same1 possibly av]ag+ small] 9 ?is species4 ,! habitat ( ,prunus cuneata is f ,ma9e to ,nor? ,c>ol9a & nor?we/ to ,m9nesota1 be+ mo/ commonly f\nd 9 wet1 /iff soils ne> lakes & bogs b (t5 f\nd on rocky hills if ! soil be n too dry4 ,x is d\btful if ?is *]ry is z promis+ = cultivation z ! =ego+ species & n ne>ly z wor?y att5tion z ! next *]ry4 ,,prunus ,,besseyi ,bailey4 #a4 ,bailey ,cor4 ,ex4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gj3bfa4 #ahid4 #b4 ,contrib4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,h]b4 #c3aef4 #ahie4 #c4 ,bessey ,neb4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #bf3afh4 #ahie4 ,bessey l4 c4 #cg3aba4 #aijf4 #d4 ,britton & ,br[n ,ill4 ,flora #c3bea4 #ahig4 ,p4 pumila ,besseyi4 #e4 ,waugh ,vt4 ,ex4 ,/a4 ,rpt4 #ab3bci4 #ahih-ii4 #f4 ,bailey ,cyc4 ,am4 ,hort4 #c3adea4 #aija4 ,plant a small %rub1 spread+ or diffuse1 "o to f\r feet 9 height1 op5-c5t]$1 sl[-gr[+1 h>dy2 trunk sl5d]1 smoo?2 bran*es sl5d]1 smoo?1 v d>k br[ni%-black1 ) num]\s l5ticels2 bran*lets sl5d]1 %ort1 ) %ort int]nodes1 dull grayi%-br[n becom+ almo/ black1 smoo?1 glabr\s1 ) conspicu\s1 small1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves hang+ late1 num]\s1 small1 two & ?ree-eigh?s in*es long1 "o in* wide1 ?ick1 /iff1 slightly fold$ upw>d or ne>ly flat2 apex ) a %ort tap]-po9t1 broadly lanceolate to ne>ly oval-lanceolate2 upp] surface d>k gre51 glossy1 smoo?2 l[] surface v light gre51 n pubesc5t2 midrib di/9ct1 glabr\s2 ve9s small b di/9ct2 m>g9 s]rate1 tee? appress$1 tipp$ ) indi/9ct1 %>p gl&s2 petiole ?ick1 ?ree-eigh?s in* 9 l5g?1 gl&less or ) f "o to two v small1 light color$1 globose gl&s on ! petiole at ! base ( ! leaf2 /ipules v prom95t1 almo/ leaf-l4 ,fl[]s appe>+ ) ! leaves 9 sessile umbels1 small1 less ?an a half-in* across1 :ite2 fruit m ?an a half-in* 9 diamet]1 globose1 sometimes oblong-po9t$1 yell[i%1 mottl$ or m (t5 purple-black2 v>iable 9 quality b always m or less a/r+5t2 rip5+ 9 e>ly ,augu/2 /one l>ge1 globose1 slightly flatt5$4 ,! habitat ( ,prunus besseyi is n yet def9itely b\nd$ b x c1 at lea/1 be said t ?is species is to be f\nd on ! prairies f ,manitoba & ,m9nesota to s\!rn ,kansas & we/w>d into ,montana1 ,wyom+ & ,utah4 ,9 its natural range x und\bt$ly runs into t ( ,prunus pumila to ! ea/1 & ,waugh1 9 ! ref]5ce giv51 holds t ! two species grade into ea* o!r & he1 !re=e1 makes ?is a v>iety ( ! ea/]n species4 ,c]ta9ly ,prunus pumila & ,prunus besseyi are z di/9ct z are _m o!r ( ! m or less indef9ite species ( ?is g5us--few1 inde$1 are ! species ( ,prunus t d n h outli]s :i* ov]lap o!r types &1 z we %all see1 !re are hybrids betwe5 ?is & species ( o!r *]ries1 plums & ev5 pea*es & apricots1 %[+ t ! l9es ( dem>cation betwe5 ! memb]s ( ?is g5us are difficult to def9e4 ,al?\gh ,prunus besseyi has receiv$ att5tion f horticulturi/s less ?an a qu>t]-c5tury x has ar\s$ mu* int]e/1 be/ indicat$ by ! fact t n[ a consid]able numb] ( v>ieties ( ! species are "u cultivation & !re are m ?an a score ( hybrids dissem9at$ 9 :i* x is "o ( ! p>5ts4 ,indians1 trapp]s & e>ly settl]s h long us$ ! wild fruit "u ! "n ( ,we/]n ,s& ,*]ry1 ,bessey's ,*]ry & ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,*]ry4 ,among pione]s ?is *]ry 0 held 9 high e/eem = sauces1 pies & pres]ves &1 :]e !re 0 a de>? ( cultivat$ *]ries1 0 eat5 ) reli% out ( h&4 ,! fle% is t5d]1 juicy &1 :ile a/r+5t z commonly f\nd1 plants be>+ aromatic & v palatable *]ries are (t5 f\nd gr[+ wild :ile "s ( ! dome/icat$ plants be> v well-flavor$ fruits4 ,all speak ( ! ,s& ,*]ry z wond]ful 9 productiv5ess & z hav+ rem>kable capacity to )/& ! vicissitudes ( ! exact+ climate 9 :i* x gr[s4 ,a valuable asset ( ,prunus besseyi is its great v>iability4 ,fruit f diff]5t plants v>ies 9 size1 color & flavor sugge/+ t1 "u cultivation1 amelioration w proce$ rapidly4 ,! plants ( ?is species root freely f lay]s or root-cutt+s & are !re=e easily propagat$ & multipli$4 ,b x is 9 its hybrids t ?is we/]n *]ry has prov$ mo/ valuable 9 horticulture4 ,!re are n[ hybrids "u cultivation betwe5 ?is species & ! ,s& plum 7,prunus augu/ifolia watsoni71 ! ,hortulana plum 7,prunus hortulana71 ! ,simonii plum 7,prunus simonii71 ! ,japanese plum 7,prunus triflora71 ! ,am]ican plum 7,prunus am]icana71 ! ,*]ry plum 7,prunus c]asif]a71 ! ,sweet ,*]ry 7,prunus avium71 ! pea* 7,prunus p]sica71 ! apricots 7,prunus arm5iaca & ,prunus mume71 & ! common plum 7,prunus dome/ica74 ,x w\ld almo/ seem t ?is species is ! g-betwe5 ( ! _m & v>i$ types ( ! g5us ,prunus4 ,x is true t few ( ^! hybrids yet %9e z or*>d plants b1 giv5 "t1 x seems c]ta9 t "s w prove valuable 9 g5]al horticulture & t _m w be gr[n 9 ! special horticulture ( ! nor!rn ,mississippi ,valley & ! adjo9+ pla9s to ! we/4 ,cr$it mu/ be giv5 to ,pr(essor ,n4 ,e4 ,hans5 ( ! ,s\? ,dakota ,exp]im5t ,/ation = mo/ ( our pres5t k ( hybridism betwe5 ?is & o!r species4#aj ,9 8 "w ) ?is species ,hans5 has also f\nd t ,prunus besseyi makes a v good /ock = pea*es1 apricots1 ,japanese & native plums & t1 :ile x does n s readily consort ) ! true *]ries1 yet x c be us$ z a /ock = !m4 ,on ! o!r h& l>g] fruits ( ! ,s& ,*]ry c be gr[n :5 x is budd$ on /ocks ( ! ,am]icana4 #aj ,see bullet9s #hg 7#aijd71 #hh 7#aijd71 #ajh 7#aijh7 & #acj 7#aiaa7 f ! ,s\? ,dakota ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 ,brook+s1 ,s4 ,d4 ,,m9or ,,species ,besides ^! well-recogniz$ species ( cultivat$ *]ries !re are sev]al o!rs t play a mu* less conspicu\s "p 9 horticulture4 ,prunus fruticosa ,pallas1 ! ,dw>f ,*]ry ( ,europe1 is mu* cultivat$1 m especially its botanical v>iety p5dula1 z an ornam5tal & some:at = its fruit4 ,accord+ to ,wilson1#aa ,prunus involucrata ,koehne is gr[n = its fruit 9 ! g>d5s ( ,*9a2 ! fruits1 he says1 are small & lack+ 9 flav\r4 ,! fruits ( ,prunus em>g9ata ,walp]s are eat5 by ! ,indians on ! ,pacific ,coa/ & ! e>ly settl]s us$ ! species z a /ock = or*>d *]ries4 ,prunus jacquemontii ,hook]1 ! ,dw>f ,*]ry ( ,afghani/an & ,tibet1 is occasionally 9 culture = its fruit & z a p>k plant2 s also is ano!r dw>f *]ry f s\?we/]n ,asia1 ,prunus incana ,/ev54 ,prunus pseudoc]asus ,l9dley1 ! ,fl[]+ ,*]ry ( ,japan1 is a well-kn[n ornam5tal ! _w ov] & 9 ,japan is us$ z a /ock = or*>d *]ries = :i* purpose1 z we h sugge/$ 9 ! discussion ( /ocks1 x ought to be tri$ 9 ,am]ica4 #aa ,wilson1 ,e4 ,h4 ,a ,naturali/ 9 ,we/]n ,*9a #b3bg4 #aiac4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,cultivat$ ,,*]ries ,,! ,,anci5t ,,use ,,( ,,*]ries ,hi/ory ca/s no direct light ^u ! p]iod :5 ! *]ry fir/ came "u cultivation4 ,und\bt$ly primitive m5 9 all p>ts ( ! ,nor? ,temp]ate ,zone enliv5$ _! scanty fruit f>e ) wild *]ries4 ,cultivat$ *]ries1 we "k1 _h _! orig9 9 ! ,old ,_w4 ,b hi/ory tells u no?+ ( ! p]iod :5 ,europe & ,asia 7 unbrok5 =e/s inhabitat$ by savages :o ek$ out a prec>i\s subsi/5ce by ! pursuit ( ! *ase & f meagre h>ve/s ( wild gra9s1 fruits & vegetables4 ,on ^! cont95ts agriculture & rude civilization began 9 ages immemorial & cultivat$ plants div]sifi$1 enri*$ & adorn$ ! l&scapes long be=e ! fir/ writt5 records4 ,our k ( h[ wild *]ries h be5 remodel$ into ! or*>d & g>d5 v>ieties ( today--( :at ! me?ods & processes ( dome/ication h be5--is1 !re=e1 d\btful & limit$1 = ! m9d & h& ( man _h be5 deeply impress$ ^u ! *]ry long be=e ! fa9t traditions :i* h be5 transmitt$ to our day c\ld possibly h aris54 ,! hi/ory ( ! *]ry1 !n1 goes back to primitive man4 ,direct pro( ( ! anci5t use ( *]ries is furni%$ by ! f9d+ ( *]ry-pits ( sev]al species 9 ! deposits ( ,swiss lake-dwell+s1 9 ! m\nds & cliff-caves ( prehi/oric inhabitants ( ,am]ica & 9 ! anci5t rubbi%-heaps ( ,sc&9avian c\ntries4 ,!re are b few regions 9 :i* cultivat$ *]ries are gr[n 9 :i* ! inhabitants 9 times ( /ress1 or by *oice 9 times ( pl5ty1 d n n[ use z food wild *]ries1 "s species ( :i* gr[ 9 abundance & "u ! mo/ v>i$ conditions1 almo/ f ! ,arctic ,circle to )9 a few degrees ( ! ,tropic ( ,canc] 9 a belt encircl+ ! globe4 ,x is probable t all ( ! wild species :i* h furni%$ fruit to ! aborig9es or to ! mod]n inhabitants ( a region h be5 sp>+ly cultivat$--at ! v lea/ if !y possess$ any consid]able food value !y h be5 m or less widely di/ribut$ by ! h& ( man4 ,b1 curi\sly en\gh1 out ( ! score or m ( species ( :i* ! fruit is us$ z food z ! plants gr[ wild1 b two may be said to be truly dome/icat$4 ,^! are ! ,s\r1 or ,pie ,*]ry1 ,prunus c]asus1 & ! ,sweet ,*]ry1 ,prunus avium1 ) ! hi/ories ( :i* we are n[ to be conc]n$4 ,pl9y is g5]ally accr$it$ z ! fir/ hi/orian ( ! *]ry4 ,ne>ly eighte5 & a half c5turies ago he gave an acc\nt ( ! *]ries ( ,rome ) ! /atem5t t ,lucullus1 ! ,roman soldi] & g\rmet1 _h br\ght !m to ,rome #fe ye>s be=e ,*ri/#ab f ! region ( ! ,black ,sea4 ,?is p>ticul> 9 ! acc\nt proves to be a good illu/ration ( ! adage t old errors /rike root deeply4 ,?\gh disprov$ beyond all "q ( d\bt "t & "t aga9 by botani/s & hi/orians1 ,pl9y's inadv]t5ce is /ill ev]y:]e curr5t 9 text-books1 pomologies & cyclopa$ias--a mis-/atem5t />t$1 repeat$ & p]petuat$ f m$ieval days :5 to be pr9t$ 9 ,pl9y 0 suffici5t pro(4 ,t ,lucullus br\ght to ,italy a *]ry & "o :i* ! ,romans did n "k !re is no reason to d\bt1 b o!r *]ries !re mu/ h be51 n only wild b cultivat$1 ( ,prunus c]asus at lea/ & probably ( ,prunus avium1 & 9 comp>ative abundance long be=e ,lucullus1 return+ f ! w> 9 ,pontus ) ,mi?ridates1 br\ght to ,rome a *]ry4 ,) ?is brief m5tion ( ,pl9y's inaccuracy1 we pass to m sub/antial facts 9 ! hi/ory ( ! *]ry4 ,! dome/ication ( "o or ! o!r ( ! two g5]ally cultivat$ species ( *]ries foll[$ /ep by /ep ! *anges f savag]y to civilization 9 ! c\ntries ( ,europe & ( we/]n ,asia4 ,=1 z "o sorts ! accumulat$ /ores ( botanical & hi/orical evid5ce1 x becomes quickly app>5t t bo? ! ,sweet & ! ,s\r ,*]ry n[ gr[ wild & long h done s 9 ! region nam$ & t1 f ! "t tillage ( plants 0 fir/ practic$ 9 ! ,old ,_w1 ?is fruit has be5 "u cultivation1 feeble1 obscure1 & int]rupt$ by w> & *ase ?\gh its cultivation may h be54 ,c]ta9ly ! hi/ory ( ! *]ry is z old z t ( agriculture 9 ! s\!rn ,european c\ntries & is int]writt5 ) x4 ,9 beg9n+ ! hi/ory ( a cultivat$ plant ! fir/ /ep is to asc]ta9 :]e x gr[s spontane\sly--:]e x may be f\nd unplant$ & unatt5d$ by man4 ,?is is ! task n[ be=e u = ,prunus c]asus & ,prunus avium1 discuss+ !m 9 ! ord] nam$4 #ab ,see quotation on page #de4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,cultivat$ ,,*]ries ,prunus c]asus1 ( :i* ! ,montmor5cy is ! commone/ repres5tative 9 ,am]ica1 is n[ to be f\nd wild :]ev] ,s\r ,*]ries are mu* gr[n1 = x is a favorite food ( _m birds :i* quickly scatt] its se$s f c5t]s ( cultivation4 ,ne>ly all ( ! botanies ( temp]ate regions 9 :i* agriculture is c>ri$ on "n ?is *]ry z an escape f cultivation into woods & h$g][s & along roadsides4 ,! ,s\r ,*]ry1 !n1 is n[ to be f\nd truly wild 9 _m p>ts ( sev]al cont95ts4 ,x is n s easy to say :]e ! habitat & :at ! condition be=e ! species 0 cultivat$4 ,b botany1 ar*aeology1 hi/ory & philology indicate t ! orig9al habitat ( ! ,s\r ,*]ry is s\!a/]n ,europe & ! ne>by c\ntries 9 ,asia4 ,aft] say+ t ?is *]ry has be5 f\nd wild 9 ! =e/s ( ,asia ,m9or1 ! pla9s ( ,mac$onia1 on ,m\nt ,olympus & 9 neighbor+ t]ritories1 ,de ,c&olle1 h[ev]1 limits its habitat to ! region f ! ,caspian ,sea to ! environm5ts ( ,con/ant9ople4#ac ,b z a wild plant ?is *]ry mu/ h spread ov] a f> great] area4 ,ev5 ! broade/ b\nd>ies ( ! habitat ( ,prunus c]asus z set by ,de ,c&olle %[ ov]-caution4 ,?us1 ! ,m>asca *]ry1 a botanical v>iety ( ,prunus c]asus1 is mo/ c]ta9ly wild 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,dalmatia on ! ,adriatic ,sea 9 ,au/ria2 s1 too1 x is c]ta9 t ?is species is f]al z f> away f ,de ,c&olle's c5t] ( di/ribution z nor!rn ,au/ria & s\!rn ,g]many & has be5 s = untold ages4 ,x is safe to say t ! orig9al s\rce ( ! ,s\r ,*]ry 0 ! t]ritory ly+ betwe5 ,switz]l& & ! ,adriatic ,sea on ! we/ & ! ,caspian ,sea & probably some:at f>!r nor? on ! ea/4 ,t is1 our savage =efa!rs mu/ h f\nd ?is *]ry 9 ! region ?us outl9$1 probably 9 a mu* m ext5d$ t]ritory1 into :i* x 0 br\ght 9 m or less remote times by ag5cies o!r ?an human f ,de ,c&olle's small] area ( orig94 ,x is easi] to def9e ! geographic range ( ! wild ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,botani/s v g5]ally agree t ,prunus avium z a wild plant inhabits all ( ! ma9l& ( ,europe 9 :i* ! cultivat$ v>ieties ( ! species c be gr[n--t is1 mo/ ( ! cont95t s\? ( ,sw$51 & may be f\nd wild well into s\!rn ,russia4 ,! species is report$ sp>+ly wild 9 nor!rn ,africa & is a v common wild plant 9 s\!rn ,asia z f> ea/ z nor!rn ,india4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght t ! plant is ev]y:]e abundant 9 ! great area outl9$ z its habitat4 ,to ! contr>y1 ! ,sweet ,*]ry is an uncommon wild plant 9 ,spa91 ,italy & o!r p>ts ( s\!rn ,europe4 ,all au?orities agree t ! region ( greate/ communal int5sity = ,prunus avium is betwe5 ! ,caspian & ,black ,seas & s\? ( ^! bodies ( wat]4 ,x might suffice to say t f ab\t ^! seas ! ,sweet ,*]ry came--t "h grew ! trunk f :i* bran*es 7 spread into o!r l&s by birds & animals c>ry+ ! se$s f place to place4 ,! mo/ important fact to be e/abli%$1 h[ev]1 is t ?is *]ry has long gr[n spontane\sly ov] a widely ext5d$ t]ritory & may1 !re=e1 h be5 dome/icat$ 9 sev]al widely sep>at$ regions4 #ac ,de ,c&olle1 ,orig9 ( ,cultivat$ ,plants #bjg4 #ahhe4 ,,! ,,*]ry ,,9 ,,greece2 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,record ,,( ,,culture ,,& ,,! ,,"n ,hav+ e/abli%$ ! habitats ( ! two cultivat$ *]ries we may next ask :5 & :]e _! cultivation began4 ,! dome/ication ( plants probably began 9 ,*9a--c]ta9ly ,*9ese agriculture long ant$ates t ( any o!r nation n[ 9 exi/5ce ( :i* we h records4 ,agriculture 9 ,*9a1 hi/orians r\ghly approximate1 goes back #d1jjj ye>s4 ,b :ile ! ,*9ese h _m o!r species ( *]ry1 z we h se51 "s ( :i* may be said to be p>tially dome/icat$1 ,prunus c]asus & ,prunus avium are n f\nd wild 9 ,*9a & 7 only 9 rec5t ye>s introduc$ !re z cultivat$ plants4 ,nei!r does ! *]ry ( our civilization seem to h be5 kn[n 9 ! second great agricultural region ( ! _w--,egypt & ! extreme s\?we/ ( ,asia4 ,at lea/ !re are no words = ! *]ry 9 ! languages ( ! peoples ( t region & *]ry pits h n be5 f\nd ) ! rema9s ( o!r plants 9 ! tombs & ru9s ( ,egypt1 ,assyria & ,babylon4 ,nor does ! *]ry seem to h be5 cultivat$ 9 ,india until comp>atively rec5t times4 ,^! v brief & g5]al /atem5ts %[ t *]ries 7 n cultivat$ 9 ! fir/ agricultural civilizations & s]ve to fix ! "t & ! place ( ! dome/ication ( ! *]ry a little m def9itely4 ,records ( *]ries z cultivat$ plants beg91 s f> z ! rese>*es ( botanical hi/orians n[ %[1 ) ,greek civilization ?\gh x is probable1 = sev]al reasons1 t "s cultivat$ *]ries came to ,greece f ,asia ,m9or4 ,!ophra/us1 to :om ,l9naeus gave ! title ,fa!r ( ,botany1 writ+ ab\t #cjj ye>s be=e ! ,*ri/ian era 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,plants1 is1 accord+ to botanical hi/orians1 ! fir/ ( ! ,greek writ]s to m5tion ! *]ry4 ,8 /atem5t is z foll[s3-- ,! *]ry is a peculi> tree1 ( l>ge size1 "s atta9+ ! height ( tw5ty-f\r cubits1 r ?ick1 s t !y may measure two cubits 9 circumf]5ce at ! base4 ,! leaf is l t ( ! mespilus1 r firm & broad]1 ! color ( ! foliage su* t ! tree may be di/+ui%$ f o!rs at a good di/ance4 ,! b>k1 by its color1 smoo?ness & ?ickness1 is l t ( tilia4 ,! fl[] mean+1 ! clu/] ( fl[]s is :ite1 resembl+ t ( ! pe> & mespilus1 consi/+ ( small sep>ate fl[]s4 ,! fruit is r$1 simil> to t ( diospyros b :at 8 diospyros 0 no "o kn[s ( ! size ( a faba p]haps nelumbo se$1 :i* is h>d1 b ! *]ry is s(t4 ,! tree gr[s 9 ! same situations z tilia2 by /reams4#ad ,f ?is passage we ga!r t ! *]ry ,!ophra/us knew 0 ! ,sweet ,*]ry1 ,prunus avium2 ! description %[s x to be ! same l>ge1 tall tree n[ naturaliz$ 9 op5 woods & along roadsides 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,f ! fact t ,!ophra/us describes ! tree & ! b>k 9 m detail ?an ! fruit we may assume t ! *]ry 0 m e/eem$ 9 anci5t ,greece z a timb]-tree ?an z a fruit-tree4 ,curi\sly en\gh ! "n ! ,greeks at ?is "t us$ = ! ,sweet ,*]ry is n[ appli$ to ,prunus c]asus1 ! ,s\r ,*]ry4 ,k]asos 0 ! ,sweet ,*]ry 9 anci5t ,greece & f k]asos came c]asus1 us$ by _m botani/s z ! "n ( ! g5us4 ,t ! ,sweet ,*]ry %\ld by ! use ( avium be d5om9at$ ! bird *]ry is cle> s9ce birds %[ mu* discrim9ation betwe5 *]ries1 b :y ! ,s\r ,*]ry %\ld be giv5 ! specific "n c]asus1 fir/ appli$ to ! ,sweet ,*]ry1 is n app>5t4 ,pages are writt5 9 ! old pomologies & botanical hi/ories z to ! orig9 ( ! ^w c]asus4 ,pl9y's /atem5t t ,lucullus call$ ! *]ry c]asus f ! t[n f :i* he obta9$ x1 ,k]asun 9 ,pontus1 on ! ,black ,sea1 is1 9 ! light ( all :o h s9ce look$ into ! matt]1 a misconception4 ,to ! contr>y1 comm5tators n[ agree t ! t[n receiv$ its "n f ! *]ry :i* gr[s mo/ abundantly 9 ! =e/s 9 t "p ( ,asia ,m9or4 ,! "n1 accord+ to all au?orities1 is v anci5t--a l+ui/ic pro( ( ! antiquity ( ! *]ry4 ,to sum up1 ! *]ry comes into lit]ature fir/ f ,greece 9 ! writ+s ( ,!ophra/us4 ,!re c be b little d\bt1 h[ev]1 b t x _h be5 cultivat$ = c5turies be=e ,!ophra/us wrote4 ,:e!r "o or bo? ( ! two *]ries 7 dome/icat$ by ! ,greeks1 beg9n+ ) _! civilization1 or :e!r cultivat$ *]ries came to ,greece f ,asia ,m9or1 is n n[ kn[n4 ,x is v probable t "s ( ! sev]al v>ieties gr[n 9 ,greece came "u cultivation ?r\gh dome/ication ( wild plants2 o!rs 7 introduc$ f regions f>!r ea/4 #ad ,!ophra/us1 ,book ,,iii1 ,*ap4 #ac4 ,,! ,,sweet ,,*]ry ,,possibly ,,! ,,p>5t ,,( ,,! ,,s\r ,,*]ry ,a digression may be p]mitt$ "h to /ate a hypo!sis sugge/$ by ,de ,c&olle#ae :i* %\ld int]e/ bo? fruit-gr[]s & plant-bre$]s4 ,de ,c&olle1 :ile consid]+ ! two species ( cultivat$ *]ries to be n[ q di/9ct1 sugge/s t1 s9ce !y diff] ess5tially b little 9 _! *>act]s & s9ce _! orig9al habitats 7 9 ! same region1 x is probable t "o species came f ! o!r4 ,he surmises1 s9ce ,prunus avium is ! common] 9 ! orig9al home1 is g5]ally ! m vigor\s ( ! two1 has spread mu* f>!r & probably at a mu* e>li] date f ! primal habitation 9 ,asia ,m9or ?an ,prunus c]asus1 t ! latt]1 ! ,s\r ,*]ry1 is d]iv$ f ! ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,9 ! future bre$+ ( *]ries confirmatory evid5ce ( su* a relation%ip may be obta9$ ?\gh1 %\ld none be f\nd1 ! negation %\ld g = naught & ! supposition c only rema9 an int]e/+ & plausible hypo!sis4 #ae ,de ,c&olle1 ,alphonse ,orig9 ( ,cultivat$ ,plants #baj4 #ahhe4 ,,! ,,*]ry ,,9 ,,italy ,pl9y attempts to give ! fir/ full acc\nt ( cultivat$ *]ries &1 ev5 ?\gh among 8 /atem5ts are sev]al inaccuracies1 yet he may be said to h made a v good beg9n+ ( a flora ( cultivat$ *]ries = he names & describes t5 v>ieties4 ,! fact t !re 7 z _m z t5 *]ries 9 ,italy at ! "t ,pl9y wrote1 less ?an a c5tury aft] ! return ( ,lucullus f ,pontus1 is /rong evid5ce t ! *]ry 9 ,italy ant$ates ,lucullus4 ,besides1 x is h>dly probable t ,pl9y knew & describ$ all ( ! *]ries to be f\nd 9 ! :ole ( 8 c\ntry4 ,b ev5 if ^! t5 comprise ! entire numb]1 ^? :o "k h[ extremely difficult x is to introduce new plants 9 a c\ntry ) ! facilities we h 9 our day1 w d\bt t all ( ! *]ries 9 ,pl9y's acc\nt c\ld h be5 introduc$ 9 ,italy #aijj ye>s ago & h come "u g5]al cultivation1 z accord+ to ,pl9y !y _h1 )9 ! %ort space ( a c5tury4 ,! foll[+ quotation1 !n1 mu/ be tak5 z an acc\nt ( ! *]ries gr[n 9 ,italy 9 ! fir/ c5tury aft] ,*ri/ ) little weight giv5 to ! hi/orical evid5ce pres5t$4#af ,! *]ry did n exi/ 9 ,italy be=e ! p]iod ( ! victory ga9$ ov] ,mi?ridates by ,l4 ,lucullus1 9 ! ye> ( ! ,city #fhj4 ,he 0 ! fir/ to introduce ?is tree f ,pontus1 & n[1 9 ! c\rse ( "o hundr$ & tw5ty ye>s1 x has travell$ beyond ! ,ocean1 & arriv$ 9 ,britannia ev54 ,! *]ry1 z we h already /at$1 9 spite ( e c>e1 has be5 f\nd impossible to re> 9 ,egypt4 ,( ?is fruit1 t kn[n z ! ,apronian is ! r$de/ v>iety1 ! ,lutatian be+ ! blacke/1 & ! ,caecilian p]fectly r\nd4 ,! ,junian *]ry has an agreeable flav\r1 b only1 s to say1 :5 eat5 b5ea? ! tree1 z !y are s rem>kably delicate t !y w n be> c>ry+4 ,! highe/ rank1 h[ev]1 has be5 aw>d$ to ! ,durac9us v>iety1 kn[n 9 ,campania z ! ,pl9ian *]ry1 & 9 ,belgica to ! ,lusitanian *]ry1 z also to "o t gr[s on ! banks ( ! ,rh5us4 ,?is la/ k9d has a ?ird col\r1 be+ a mixture ( black1 r$1 & gre51 & has always ! appe>ance ( be+ j on ! turn to rip5+4 ,x is less ?an five ye>s s9ce ! k9d kn[n z ! laurel-*]ry 0 introduc$1 ( a bitt] b n unpleasant flav\r1 ! produce ( a graft ^u ! laurel4 ,! ,mac$onian *]ry gr[s on a tree t is v small1 & r>ely exce$s ?ree cubits 9 height2 :ile ! *amaec]asus is /ill small]1 be+ b a m]e %rub4 ,! *]ry is "o ( ! fir/ trees to recomp5se ! cultivator ) its ye>ly gr[?2 x loves cold localities & a site expos$ to ! nor?4 ,! fruits are sometimes dri$ 9 ! sun1 & pres]v$1 l olives1 9 casks4 ,h[ are ! *]ries describ$ 9 ! passage f ,pl9y relat$ to ^? ( mod]n culture8 ,a score or m ( comm5tators h tri$ to tell b :5 ! comm5ts are comp>$ ,pl9y's disord] becomes confusion worse conf\nd$4 ,"h1 z 9 8 hi/orical /atem5ts1 ,pl9y seems to h prep>$ ! gr\nd = a f9e crop ( misund]/&+s4 ,! speculations z to :at p>ticul> *]ry ea* ( ! descriptions fits quickly %[ ! futility ( specification4 ,a few g5]alizations only are w>rant$4 ,?us1 if we assume1 z mo/ comm5tators d1 t ,apronian1 ! fir/ ( ,pl9y's v>ieties1 0 nam$ aft] ,apronius1 a ,roman praetor ( ,pl9y's day1 !re is no?+ to indicate ! "* ( ! *]ry except ! ^w r$de/ :i* means b little = x is no m possible to di/+ui% *]ries by r$ness ?an by its blackness to tell a pot f a kettle4 ,x is z impossible to di/+ui% ! second v>iety z ! fir/4 ,! "n giv5 is ,lutatian1 ! v>iety hav+ be5 d$icat$1 z all comm5tators agree1 to ,lutatius ,catulus1 a contempor>y ( ,lucullus1 rev]$ by ,romans = hav+ rebuilt ! capitol aft] x _h be5 de/roy$ by fire4 ,x is describ$ z be+ ! blacke/ b :e!r ,prunus avium or ,prunus c]asus1 sweet or s\r1 :o c tell8 ,! ?ird v>iety is call$ ! ,caecilian *]ry1 :i* we are told is p]fectly r\nd--a "* possess$ 9 l degree by _m *]ries4 ,! "n1 on ! au?ority ( ,lat9 s*ol>s1 commemorates ! ,caecilius family1 ri* & p[]ful ,romans1 fri5ds ( ,lucullus at ! "t he 0 promot+ *]ry culture4 ,we may be a little m c]ta9 ( ! id5tity ( ! f\r? *]ry1 call$ ! ,junian1 & said to h be5 possess$ ( an agreeable flavor b only1 s to say1 :5 eat5 b5ea? ! tree1 z !y are s rem>kably delicate t !y w n be> c>ry+4 ,:e!r ! "n 0 giv5 9 honor ( ! ,roman ,republican1 ,junius ,brutus1 :o di$ #db ,a4 ,d4 or f ,junius1 ! mon? ( _! rip5+1 _c be said4 ,! description1 z practically all agree1 fits v well ! ,fr5* ,guigne or ,engli% ,gean gr\p ( *]ries4 ,x is probable t ,guigne is a p]v]sion ( ,junian4 ,!re c be little "q z to ! *]ry ,pl9y next describes1 ! ,durac9us v>iety :i* he says has be5 aw>d$ highe/ rank & to :i* he paid ! complim5t ( giv+ x 8 own "n1 = he tells u t x is kn[n 9 ,campania z ! ,pl9ian *]ry4 ,?is h>d-fle%$ *]ry ( delectable quality c be no o!r ?an a ,big>reau--"s protean ,napoleon1 ,yell[ ,spani%1 ,w9dsor or ! old] ,oxhe>t & ,elkhorn4 ,! six? *]ry is ! ,lusitanian1 :i*1 if ! translations read aright1 ! ,belgians rank highe/4 ,anci5t ,lusitania is mod]n ,portugal & ! ,lusitanian *]ry may be ! ,griotte ( ,portugal gr[n f "t immemorial 9 t c\ntry4 ,! id5tity ( ! v>iety is n s important 9 ?is passage z is ! connection t ,pl9y e/abli%es 9 *]ry culture at ?is e>ly "t betwe5 ,portugal1 ,italy & ,belgium4 ,by su* tok5s does our au?or ca/ d\bt ^u 8 /atem5t t ,lucullus _h b ye/]day1 z x 71 br\ght ! *]ry f ,pontus4 ,! sev5? *]ry is "o t gr[s on ! banks ( ! ,rh5us 7,rh9e71 fur!r describ$ z be+ a mixture ( black1 r$ & gre51 & ( hav+ always ! appe>ance ( be+ j on ! turn to rip5+4 ,x is useless to add ano!r guess to ^? ( ! _m comm5tators z to :at ?is tri-color$ *]ry f ! banks ( ! ,rh9e may be4 ,! eigh? description1 t ( ! laurel-*]ry1 applies to a graft & n to a v>iety4 ,( x1 ,pl9y says1 ,x is less ?an five ye>s s9ce ! k9d kn[n z ! laurel-*]ry 0 introduc$1 ( a bitt]1 b n unpleasant flavor1 ! produce ( a graft ^u ! laurel4 ,x is b>ely possible t a *]ry c\ld be made to gr[ on a laurel five ye>s b x is extremely d\btful1 z all mod]n horticulturi/s :o h tri$ x say1 & x is impossible to h su* a graft be> fruit4 ,pl9y 0 mis9=m$4 ,! n9? & t5? ( ,pl9y's *]ries1 ! ,mac$onian & ! ,*amaec]asus1 are probably "o & ! same1 s9ce b "o *]ry t c\ld possibly answ] to ! descriptions giv5 c\ld h be5 9 ,italy at ! "t ,pl9y wrote4 ,! *]ry describ$1 !n1 0 almo/ beyond d\bt ,prunus fruticosa ,pallas1 a synonym ( :i* is ,prunus *amaec]asus ,jacqu91 p]petuat+ ! "n us$ by ,pl9y4 ,?is is ! ,european ,dw>f ,*]ry1 or ,gr\nd ,*]ry1 :i* is n[ & 0 probably !n a wild plant 9 p>ts ( ,italy & :i* is v well describ$ by a tree t is v small1 & r>ely exce$s ?ree cubits 9 height4 ,we h accr$it$ ,pl9y ) hav+ fir/ describ$ *]ries 9 ,italy & discr$it$ 8 acc\nt ( _! introduction 9 8 own c\ntry1 b *iefly on inf]5tial evid5ce4 ,j a few words ( direct pro( t ! *]ry 0 long 9 cultivation by ! ,romans be=e ,lucullus & we h done ) ! introduction ( ! *]ry into ,italy & h fill$ ano!r gap betwe5 ,!ophra/us & our own times4 ,m>cus ,t]5tius ,v>ro 7,b4 ,c4 #aag-bg71 "o ( ! illu/ri\s s*ol>s ( anci5t ,rome1 sometimes call$ ! fa!r ( ,roman le>n+1 9 8 eightie? ye>1 z he tells u 9 8 fir/ *apt]1 wrote a book on f>m+--"o1 :i*1 by ! way1 may be read ) pr(it by mod]n f>m]s4#ag ,9 book #a1 *apt] ,,xxxix1 he tells :5 to graft *]ries1 discuss+ ! process n z if x or ! *]ry 7 new or little kn[n b z if ! *]ry 7 z commonplace z ! o!r agricultural crops ( ! times4 ,v>ro effectually disproves ,pl9y to ^: mis-/atem5t we h giv5 s mu* space only because = ne>ly #bjjj ye>s x has be5 g5]ally accept$ z ! tru?4 ,! gaps 9 ! hi/ory ( ! *]ry are long4 ,a!naeus1#ah ,t]tullian1#ai ,ammianus1#bj & ,/4 ,j]ome1#ba ,roman writ]s ( ! ,?ird & ,f\r? ,c5turies1 m5tion *]ries b *iefly to repeat & p]petuate ,pl9y's errors4 ,x 0 n until ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury--a lapse ( #adjj ye>s--t an attempt 0 aga9 made to describe 9 full cultivat$ *]ries4 ,sometime 9 ?is c5tury1 ,mat?iolus 7#adhg-aegg71 a ,tuscan & "o ( ! em95t naturali/s n only ( ,italy b ( ! _w 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 9 translat+ & annotat+ ! m$ical works ( ! ,greek writ] ,dioscorides1 made a li/ ( ! fruit-trees !n gr[n 9 ,italy4 ,z ! second descriptive li/ ( *]ries ?is contribution ( ,mat?iolus might be wor? repr9t+ 7 x n1 z 9 ,pl9y1 t b few ( 8 v>ieties c be c]ta9ly made out4 ,he does1 h[ev]1 make a numb] ( additions to ,pl9y's li/ b space does n p]mit a consid]ation ( ^!2 especially s9ce ,g]>de1 writ+ less ?an a c5tury lat] 9 ,engli%1 s well amplifies ,mat?iolus t we %all pr9t 8 acc\nt4 #af ,bo/ock & ,riley ,nat4 ,hi/ory ( ,pl9y #c3cbb4 #ahee4 #ag ,a v good translation ( ,v>ro on f>m+ is "o by ,lloyd ,/>r-,be/1 publi%$ by ,g4 ,bell ,sons1 ,london4 #aiab4 #ah ,a!naeus ,dipnosophi/ ,book ,,ii1 ,*ap4 ,,xxxiv-,v4 #ai ,t]tullian ,apologeticum ,*ap4 ,,xi4 #bj ,ammianus ,hi/ory ( ! ,roman ,emp]ors ,book #bb1 ,*ap4 ,,xvi4 #ba ,/4 ,j]ome ,epi/ulae ,book ,i1 ,lett] ,,xxxv4 ,,*]ries ,,9 ,,! ,,sixte5? ,,c5tury ,pl9y m5tions ! *]ry z gr[+ 9 sev]al c\ntries &1 by read+ betwe5 l9es1 we may assume t cultivat$ *]ries 7 di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t all p>ts ( ,europe :]e agriculture 0 practic$1 by ,*ri/'s "t or %ortly !reaft]4 ,pl9y speaks ( ! *]ry 9 "s connection ) ,engl&1 ,g]many1 ,belgium & ,portugal4 ,surely we may assume t ! *]ry 0 be+ gr[n at ! same "t 9 at lea/ ! c\ntries 9 ,europe :i* are betwe5 or bord] on ^? nam$4 ,b f ,pl9y to ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury ! curr5t ( progress 9 *]ry culture 0 immeasurably sl[4 ,9 ! int]v5+ #afjj ye>s n a score ( new *]ries 7 br\ght "u cultivation4 ,att5tion 0 probably giv5 dur+ ^! d>k ages to ?is & to all fruits z species & z divisions ( species :i* came ne>ly or q true to se$4 ,x 0 only 9 ! ref9em5ts ( horticulture & botany br\ght ab\t by ! h]bali/s t true horticultural v>ieties came into common cultivation4 ,?us1 ! fir/ ( ! ,g]man h]bals1 ! ,h]b>ius1 pr9t$ at ,ma9z 9 #adia1 does n describe or ev5 "n v>ieties ( *]ries b gr\ps !m 9 ! two species z ,sweets & ,s\rs1 ! /atem5t runn+3#bb ,! *]ries are "s sweet1 "s s\r1 l ! wild apple2 ! s\rs br+ to ! /oma* gas & make ! m\? fre% 7fris*71 ^? too sweet or too s\r are ( little use4 ,a wood-cut 9 ?is old h]bal illu/rates a ,s\r ,*]ry4 ,accord+ to ,mll]1#bc n until #aefi did ! ,g]mans attempt to give names to v>ieties1 :51 9 a m$ical h]bal1 ! ,g>t d] ,gesundheit1 *]ries 7 r\ghly divid$ into f\r gr\ps3 7#a7 ,! ,am>ell51 s\r1 d>k r$ *]ries ) long /ems4 7#b7 ,! ,wei*selkirs*51 r$ *]ries ) :ite juice & %ort /ems4 7#c7 ,! ,ssskirs*51 r$ or black ,sweet ,*]ries ) long /ems4 7#d7 ,beside ^! yet m di/+ui%$ by _! %ape & ! prov9ce 9 :i* !y are gr[n4 ,n until well into ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury d ! ,g]mans seem to h giv5 names to m ?an a few ( ! mo/ di/9ct v>ieties ( *]ries4 ,yet ! *]ry 0 m l>gely cultivat$ 9 ,g]many1 "o1 two1 or ?ree c5turies ago1 z x is n[1 ?an 9 any o!r ,european c\ntry4 ,?is1 "o readily gleans f :at has be5 writt5 on *]ries 9 diff]5t c\ntries & f ! ackn[l$gm5ts ( =eign pomologi/s to ^? ( ,g]many = mo/ ( :at has be5 pr9t$ reg>d+ *]ries4 ,n only has ! *]ry be5 a favorite or*>d plant 9 ,g]many b s9ce ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury x has be5 l>gely plant$ along ! public roads4 ,( *]ries on ! cont95t1 = ?is brief hi/ory1 no?+ m ne$ be said4 ,mo/ ( ! v>ieties t h be5 import$ f ,europe to ,am]ica h come f ,engl& & we mu/1 !re=e1 devote r m att5tion to ! hi/ory ( ! *]ry 9 ,engl& ?an 9 o!r ,european c\ntries4 #bb ,quot$ f ,mll]1 ,hugo ,m4 ,ob/z*t] #h3c4 #aiaj4 #bc ,ibid4 ,,*]ries ,,9 ,,engl& ,cultivat$ *]ries came to ,engl& ) ! ,romans4 ,prunus avium is indig5\s 9 ,great ,brita9 b probably no c>e wor?y ! "n cultivation 0 giv5 ^! wild trees by ! anci5t ,britons4 ,pl9y /ates t ! *]ry 0 c>ri$ f ,rome to ,brita9 be=e ! middle ( ! ,fir/ ,c5tury--mean+ probably "s improv$ v>iety4 ,9 no "p ( ! _w does ! *]ry take m k9dly to ! soil ?an 9 ,engl& & no d\bt ?is fruit became firmly e/abli%$ 9 ,k5t1 :]e ! ,romans settl$1 be=e ! d[nfall ( ! s\!rn invad]s4 ,) ! expulsion ( ! ,romans & ! subsequ5t influx ( b>b>ians1 agriculture1 especially g>d5+ & fruit-gr[+1 became almo/ a lo/ art b /ill x is n probable t ! *]ry 0 :olly lo/ to cultivation dur+ ! ,teutonic invasions ( ,brita94 ,fruit-gr[+ c\ld n h greatly prosp]$1 h[ev]1 9 ! c5turies ( /rife ) ! b>b>ians :i* succe$$ ,roman rule 9 ,engl&2 & a revival ( *]ry culture did n take place until ! re9troduction ( ,*ri/ianity & ! e/abli%m5t ( mona/]ies :]e1 undi/urb$ by w>s1 ! monks became notable horticulturi/s4 ,!y n only _h opportunity 9 ! comp>ative peace 9 :i* _! lives 7 ca/ to gr[ fruit b _m ( !m 7 m5 ( sup]ior intellig5ce & skill & f int]c\rse ) ! cont95tal c\ntries le>n$ :at plants 7 wor? gr[+ & h[ to gr[ !m--! mona/]ies 7 ! exp]im5t /ations ( ! times4 ,und\bt$ly ! monks 9 br++ to ,engl& treasures f ! cont95t did n =get fruits & among !m *]ries4 ,pass+ by a consid]able numb] ( ref]5ces :i* c\ld be cit$ to %[ t *]ries ( "o k9d & ano!r 7 cultivat$ 9 ,brita9 f at lea/ z e>ly a date z ! ,n9? ,c5tury1 we come to ! discussion ( ?is fruit by ! h]bali/s ( ! ,sixte5? & ,sev5te5? ,c5turies4 ,( ! ?ree great ,engli% h]bali/s1 ,turn] publi%$ 8 "w 9 #aech2 ,g]>de's1 pr9t$ 9 #aeif1 0 revis$ & greatly improv$ by ,johnson 9 #afcc2 ,p>k9son's ,p>adisi 9 ,sole ,p>adisus ,t]re/ris1 or ,p>k-9-,suns ,e>?ly ,p>adise--! au?or evid5tly a pun/]--0 publi%$ 9 #afbi4 ,all ( ^! conta9 z full botanical & pomological discussions ( *]ries z k !n p]mitt$4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght1 by ^? unacqua9t$ ) ! plant-lore ( ! times1 t ! *]ry receiv$ consid]ation only f ! p5s ( ,turn]1 ,g]>de1 & ,p>k9son4 ,dur+ ! "t cov]$ by ! lives ( ^! ?ree m5 a score or m ( books 7 writt5 9 ,engli% on botany & pomology 9 :i* acc\nts 7 giv5 ( ! *]ry1 all %[+ ! e/eem 9 :i* ?is fruit 0 held 9 ,engl& dur+ & be=e ! reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe?4 ,space p]mits comm5ts on ! acc\nt ( ! *]ry giv5 by b "o ( ^! ,elizabe?an h]bali/s1 & ( ! sev]al ,g]>de's seems be/ suit$ to our purpose4 ,we h *os5 ,g]>de because he treats ! *]ry m fully ?an d ! o!r writ]s ( ! p]iod & because he 0 a compil] & a translator1 hav+1 z he qua9tly says1 p]us$ div]s ,h]bals set f\r? 9 o!r languages2 ?us f ,g]>de we obta9 a conception ( *]ries gr[+ on ! cont95t z well z ^? gr[+ 9 ,engl&4 ,/ud5ts ( ! ,engli% h]bals say t ,g]>de translat$1 copi$ & adapt$ f ,mat?iolus1 ^: book we h not$1 b m p>ticul>ly f ,dodo5s :o 9 #aeed publi%$ 9 ,antw]p ,a ,hi/ory ( ,plants4 ,^! two wor?ies1 9 turn1 _h borr[$ v freely f /ill m anci5t writ]s--,!ophra/us1 ,dioscorides1 ,columella & o!rs4 ,z might be suspect$1 errors c5turies old 7 pass$ d[n1 yet ea* new translation or compilation conta9s mu* add$ in=mation & is f> fre] f error4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ,g]>de seems to h be5 a wise compil] & adapt] & to h comb9$ a l>ge measure ( fir/-h& practical k ) 8 borr[+s f o!rs4 ,?is is especially true ( :at he writes conc]n+ *]ries1 a fruit ) :i* he seems to h be5 v famili>4 ,! foll[+ is ,g]>de's acc\nt1 ) int]polations by ! au?or3 ,! anci5t ,h]bali/s h set d[n f\r k9ds ( ,*]ry trees2 ! fir/ is great & wild1 ! second tame or ( ! g>d51 ! ?ird ha? s\r fruit1 ! f\r? is t :i* is call$ 9 ,lat9 ,*amaec]asus1 or ! dw>fe ,*]ry tree4 ,! lat] writ]s h f\nd div]s sorts m1 "s br++ =? great fruit1 o!rs less]2 "s ) :ite fruit1 "s ) blacke1 o!rs ( ! col\r ( black bl\d1 v>y+ inf9itely accord+ to ! clymat & c\ntry :]e !y gr[4 ,! f\r *]ries :i* ,g]>de says ! anci5t h]bali/s h set d[n are1 x is easy to see3 fir/1 ! wild ,prunus avium2 second1 cultivat$ sweet v>ieties ( ,prunus avium2 ?ird1 ! s\r ,prunus c]asus2 f\r?1 ! ,dw>f ,*]ry1 ,prunus fruticosa4 ,! ,engli% ,*]ry tree gr[e? to a high & great tree1 ! body :]e( is ( a mean bignesse1 :i* is p>t$ above into v _m b\ghes1 ) a b>ke some:at smoo?1 ( a br[n crimson col\r1 t\gh & pliable2 ! sub/ance or timb] is also br[n 9 ! middle1 & ! out] "p is some:at :ite3 ! leaves be great1 broad1 long1 set ) ve9s or n]ves1 & sleightly nick$ ab\t ! edges3 ! fl\res are :ite1 ( a mean bigness1 consi/+ ( five leaves1 & hav+ c]ta9 ?r$s 9 ! middle ( ! l col\r4 ,! ,*]ries be r\nd1 hang+ ^u long /ems or foot/alks1 ) a /one 9 ! midde/ :i* is cov]$ ) a pulp or s(t meat2 ! k]nell !re( is n unpleasant to ! ta/e1 ?\gh some:at bitt]4 ,?is is ,prunus avium1 :i* is v g5]ally wild 9 ,brita9--! ,gean ( ! ,engli%4 ,! ,fl&]s ,*]ry tree diff]e? n f our ,engli% ,*]ry tree 9 ,/ature or =m ( leaves or fl\res1 ! only diff]5ce is1 t ?is tree br+s =? 8 fruit soon] & great] ?an ! o!r1 :]e=e x may be call$ 9 ,lat9e1 ,c]asus praecox1 sive ,belgica4 ,a *]ry :i* br+s =? 8 fruit soon] & great] ?an ! o!r c be no o!r ?an "o ( ! e>ly v>ieties ( ! ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,! ,spani% ,*]ry tree gr[e? up to ! height ( our common ,*]ry tree1 ! wood or timb] is s(t & loose1 cov]$ ) a :iti% scaly b>ke1 ! bran*es are knotty1 great] & full] ( sub/ance ?an any o!r ,*]ry tree2 ! leaves are likewise great] & long] ?an any ( ! re/1 9 %ape l ^? ( ! ,*e/nut tree3 ! fl\res are l ! o!rs 9 =m1 b :it] ( col\r2 ! fruit is great] & long] ?an any1 :ite = ! mo/ "p all ov]1 except ^? t /& 9 ! hotte/ place :]e ! sun ha? "s reflexion aga9/ a wall3 !y are also :ite )91 & ( a pleasant ta/e4 ,we h 9 ?is description a v good p5 picture ( ,yell[ ,spani%1 "o ( ! ,big>reaus1 ( :i* !re mu/ h be5 sev]al 9 common cultivation 9 ,g]>de's "t4 ,! ,gasco9 ,*]ry tree gr[e? v l to ! ,spani% ,*]ry tree 9 /ature1 fl\rs & leaves3 x diff]e? 9 t x br+e? =? v great ,*]ries1 long1 %>p po9t$1 ) a c]ta9 holl[nesse ^u "o side1 & spott$ "h & !re ) c]ta9 prickles ( purple color z smal z s&4 ,! ta/e is mo/ pleasant1 & excelle? 9 beauty4 ,gasco91 sometimes ,gask9 9 ,engl&1 is a corruption ( ,gascoigne1 a "n appli$ by ! ,fr5* to *]ries produc$ 9 ,gascony & said to h be5 br\ght to ,engl& by ,joan ( ,k5t :5 h] husb&1 ! ,black ,pr9ce1 0 comm&+ 9 ,gui5ne & ,gascony4 ,! v>iety is a v good ,sweet ,*]ry1 no d\bt ! "o describ$ 9 ?is text "u ! "n ,ble$+ ,he>t4 ,! late ripe ,*]ry tree gr[e? up l unto our wild ,engli% ,*]ry tree1 ) ! l leaves1 bran*es & fl\res1 sav+ t !y are sometimes once d\bl$2 ! fruit is small1 r\nd1 & ( a d>ke bl\dy col\r :5 !y be ripe1 :i* ! ,fr5*m5 ga!r ) _! /alkes1 & hang !m up 9 _! h\ses 9 bun*es or h&fulls aga9/ ,w9t]1 :i* ! ,physitions d give unto _! pati5ts 9 hot & burn+ fev]s1 be+ fir/ /eep$ 9 a little w>me wat]1 t cause? !m to swell & plumpe z full & fre% z :5 !y did gr[ ^u ! tree4 ,! ,clu/] ,*]ry tree diff]e? n f ! la/ describ$ ei!r 9 leaves1 bran*es1 or /ature3 ! fl\res are also l1 b nev] comme? any "o ( !m to be d\ble4 ,! fruit is r\nd1 r$ :5 !y be ripe1 & _m gr[+ ^u "o /em or foot-/alke 9 clu/]s1 l z ! ,grapes d4 ,! ta/e is n unpleasant al?\gh some:at s\re4 ,^! two *]ries1 "o sees at once1 are v>ieties ( ,prunus c]asus4 ,! fir/1 ,g]>de id5tifies = u on a succe$+ page z ! ,morello4 ,he says ( x3 ,! late ripe *]ries :i* ! ,fr5*m5 keepe dri$ aga9/ ! w9t]1 & are by !m call$ ,morelle1 & wee aft] ! same "n call !m ,morell ,*]ries4 ,?is ,*]rie-tree ) d\ble fl\res gr[es up unto a small tree1 n unlike to ! common ,*]rie-tree 9 ea* respect1 sav+ t ! fl\res are some:at d\ble1 t is to say1 ?ree or f\re times d\ble2 aft] :i* comme? fruit 7?\gh 9 small quantitie7 l ! o!r common ,*]ry4 ,! d\ble fl\r$ ,*]ry-tree gr[es up l unto an h$ge bu%1 b n s great nor high z any ( ! o!rs1 ! leaves & bran*es diff] n f ! re/ ( ! ,*]ry-tree4 ,! fl\res h]e( are exce$+ d\ble1 z are ! fl\rs ( ,m>igolds1 b ( a :ite col\r1 & smell+ some:at l ! ,haw?orne fl\res2 aft] :i* come seldome or nev] any fruit1 al?\gh "s ,au?ors h said t x be>e? sometimes fruit1 :i* my selfe h n at any "t se52 not)/&+ ! tree ha? gr[ne 9 my ,g>d5 _m ye]es1 & t 9 an excell5t good place by a bricke wall1 :]e x ha? ! reflection ( ! ,s\? ,sunne1 fit = a tree t is n will+ to be>e fruit 9 our cold climat4 ,^! two are d\ble-fl[]$ *]ries1 sev]al ( :i* seem to h be5 gr[n z ornam5tals4 ,bo? belong to ,prunus c]asus & z we ga!r r bett] else:]e ?an "h1 bo? are ( ! ,am>elle type ( tree4 ,! ,birds ,*]ry-tree1 or ! blacke ,*]ry-tree1 t br+e? =? v mu* fruit ^u "o bran* 7:i* bett] may be und]/ood by sight ( ! figure1 ?an by words7 spr+e? up l an ,h$ge tree ( small /ature1 x gr[e? 9 ! wilde woods ( ,k5t1 & are !re us$ = /ockes to graft o!r ,*]ries ^u1 ( bett] ta/1 & m pr(it1 z especially ^? call$ ! ,fl&]s ,*]ries3 ?is wilde tree gr[es v pl5tifully 9 ! ,nor? ( ,engl&1 especially at a place call$ ,heggdale1 ne]e unto ,rosgill 9 ,we/m]l&1 & 9 div]s o!r places ab\t ,crosbie ,rav5swai?1 & !re call$ ,hegb]rie-tree3 x gr[e? likewise 9 ,m>tome ,p>ke1 f\re miles f ,blackeburne1 & 9 ,h>w>d ne]e !reunto2 9 ,lanca%ire almo/ 9 e h$ge2 ! leaves & bran*es diff] n f ^? ( ! wilde ,*]ry-tree3 ! fl\res gr[ along/ ! small bran*es1 consi/+ ( five small :ite leaves1 ) "s gre5i% & yell[ ?rums 9 ! middle3 aft] :i* come ! fruit1 gre5e at ! fir/1 blacke :5 !y be ripe1 & ( ! bignesse ( ,sloes2 ( an h>% & unpleasant ta/e4 ,! o!r birds ,*]ry-tree diff]e? n f ! =m] 9 any respect1 b 9 ! col\r ( ! b]ries2 = z !y are blacke2 s on ! contr>y1 ^! are r$ :5 !y be ripe1 :]e9 !y diff]4 ,! *]ries describ$ 9 ^! two p>agraphs1 "o black & "o r$1 t br+e? =? v mu* fruit ^u "o bran* & gr[e? 9 ! wilde woods & ( an h>% & unpleasant ta/e are ( c\rse ! ,prunus padus ( ,brita9 & mo/ ( ,europe--n a true *]ry b ! racemose ,bird ,*]ry1 or ,*oke ,*]ry4 ,! common blacke ,*]ry-tree gr[es up 9 "s places to great /ature3 !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 x & our common ,*]ry-tree1 sav+ t ! fruit h]e( is v little 9 respect ( o!r ,*]ries1 & ( a blacke col\r4 ,?is mu/ be "s wild ,gean or ,mazz>d4 ,! dw>fe ,*]ry-tree gr[e? v seldome to ! height ( ?ree cubits3 ! trunke or body small1 cov]$ ) a d>ke col\r$ blacke3 :]eupon d gr[ v limb] & pliant twiggie bran*es3 ! leaves are v small1 n mu* unlike to ^? ( ! ,privite bu%3 ! fl\res are small & :ite3 aft] :i* come ,*]ries ( a deepe r$ col\r :5 !y be ripe1 ( ta/e some:at %>pe1 b n greatly unpleasant3 ! bran*es laid d[ne 9 ! e>?1 quickely take root1 :]eby x is greatly increas$4 ,"h we h ,prunus fruticosa v well describ$4 ,my selfe ) div]s o!rs h sundry o!r sorts 9 our g>d5s1 "o call$ ! ,h>t ,*]ry1 ! great] & ! less]2 "o ( ! great bignesse1 & mo/ pleasant 9 ta/e1 :i* we call ,luke ,w>des ,*]ry1 because he 0 ! fir/ t br\ght ! same out ( ,italy2 ano!r we h call$ ! ,naples ,*]ry1 because x 0 fir/ br\ght into ^! p>ts f ,naples3 ! fruit is v great1 %>pe po9t$1 some:at l a man's he>t 9 %ape1 ( a pleasant ta/e1 & ( a deepe blacki% col\r :5 x is ripe1 z x 7 ( ! col\r ( dri$ bl\d4 ,g]>de's ,h>t is probably "o ( ! ,he>t *]ries1 :ile ,luke ,w>des ,*]ry is "o ( ! olde/ nam$ ,sweet ,*]ries kn[n 9 ,engl&1 hav+ be5 m5tion$ by ,p>k9son & o!r ( ! h]bali/s z well z 9 ?is li/4 ,we h ano!r t br+e? =? ,*]ries also v great1 bigg] ?an any ,fl&]s ,*]rie1 ( ! col\r ( ,jet1 or burni%$ horn1 & ( a mo/ pleasant ta/e1 z witnesse? ,mr4 ,bull1 ! ,que5es ,maje/ies ,clockmak]1 :o did ta/e ( ! fruit 7! tree be>+ onely "o *]ry1 :i* he did eat2 b my selfe nev] ta/$ ( x7 at ! impression h]e(4 ,we h also ano!r1 call$ ! ,agriot ,*]ry1 ( a reasonable good ta/e4 ,ano!r we h ) fruit ( a dun col\r1 t5d+ to a wat*et4 ,we h "o ( ! ,dw>fe ,*]ries1 t br+e? =? fruit z great z mo/ ( our ,fl&]s ,*]ries1 :]eas ! common sort ha? v small ,*]ries1 & ^? ( an h>% ta/e4 ,^! & _m sorts m we h 9 our ,london g>d5s1 :]e( to write p>ticul>ly w\ld greatly enl>ge our volume1 & to small purpose3 !re=e1 :at ha? be5e said %all suffice4 ,i mu/ "h 7z ,i h =m]ly done1 9 ,pe>es1 ,apples1 & o!r su* fruites7 ref] y to my two fri5ds1 ,mr4 ,john ,p>k9son1 & ,mr4 ,john ,mill51 ! "o to furni% y ) ! hi/ory1 & ! o!r ) ! ?+s !mselves1 if y desire !m4 ,"o c only r\ghly surmise z to :at ! *]ries m5tion$ 9 ?is p>agraph are ) ! exception ( ! ,agriot :i* is1 if ! synonymy ( sev]al ,european pomologi/s be correct1 ! ,griotte ,commune1 a sort suppos$ to h be5 br\ght f ,syria by ! crusad]s & to h be5 record$ "u ! la/ "n 9 ,france z e>ly z #adhe4 ,! end ( ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury saw a great revival ( agriculture 9 all ( its bran*es on ! cont95t2 9 ,engl& ! revival began ) ! fall ( ! commonweal?4 ,f ?is "t ! progress ( *]ry culture has be5 s rapid & s great t x w\ld be an endless task to give ev5 a cursory view ( x--a task unnecess>y1 too1 = succe$+ ! h]bali/s a great numb] ( botanies1 pomologies & works on agriculture 7 publi%$ to _m ( :i* ref]5ce is /ill easy4 ,moreov]1 ! hi/ories ( v>ieties 9 ?is text c>ry u back q to ! beg9n+ ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,!re n[ rema9s = ! hi/ory ( ! *]ry b to sket* its introduction & culture 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 an und]tak+ t c be done briefly & to ! po9t1 = ! data are abundant1 rec5t & reliable4 ,"h1 too1 acc\nts ( ! orig9 ( v>ieties & ! developm5t ( ! *]ry may be look$ = 9 ! *apt]s :i* comprise ! ma9 "p ( ! book4 ,,*]ries ,,9 ,,am]ica ,! *]ry 0 "o ( ! fir/ fruits plant$ 9 ! fields cle>$ & enri*$ by our h>dy ,am]ican ance/ry4 ,f ,canada to ,florida ! coloni/s1 ?\gh ( sev]al nationalities & ^? f "o nation (t5 repres5t+ sev]al q di/9ct classes1 7 =c$ alike to turn at once to ! cultivation ( ! soil z a means ( subsi/5ce4 ,& :ile 9 all ( ! colonies ! e>ly settl]s mu/ h be5 busily engag$ 9 ! cultivation ( c]eals = ! /aff ( life1 9 ! ,s\? 9 gr[+ cotton & tobacco = money & = purposes ( b>t]1 9 ! ,nor? 9 h>ve/+ =e/ & fi% products = b>t]+2 yet ! hi/orians ( ! colonies notice s (t5 & describe s fully & ) su* w>m? ( feel+ ! vegetables1 fl[]s & fruits 9 ! or*>ds & g>d5s ( ! ,new ,_w t x is c]ta9 t ! gr\nd 0 till$ n only z a means ( subsi/5ce b because ! till]s lov$ ! luxuries ( ! l&4 ,:at fruit bett] adapt$ to ! uses ( coloni/s ?an ! *]ry8 ,x possesses 9 a high degree1 especially ! ,s\r ,*]ry1 ! p[] ( adaptation to new environm5t & ?rives "u a great] v>iety ( conditions ?an any o!r ( our fruits unless x be ! apple1 :i* x at lea/ equals 9 ?is respect4 ,! *]ry is easily propagat$2 x comes 9 be>+ e>ly & be>s regul>ly2 ( all fruits x requires lea/ c>e--gives ! greate/ returns "u neglect2 & ! product is delectable & adapt$ to _m purposes4 ,we %all expect1 !n1 9 exam9+ ! e>ly records ( fruit-gr[+ 9 ,am]ica to f9d ! *]ry "o ( ! fir/ plant$ & "o ( ! mo/ widely dissem9at$ ( fruits4 ,,*]ries ,,plant$ ,,by ,,! ,,fr5* ,,9 ,,am]ica ,:ile writt5 records are lack+1 ! plantations ( old trees & ! developm5t ( *]ry culture indicate t ! ,fr5* e>ly plant$ *]ries 9 ,nova ,scotia1 ,cape ,breton1 ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,isl& & 9 ! e>ly settlem5ts on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,riv]4 ,! *]ry is a favorite fruit ( ! ,fr5* & ! v5]able trees t surviv$ on ! sites ( _! settlem5ts :5 ! ,engli% came into possession ( ,canada are pro( suffici5t t ! migrs f ,prov5ce or ,norm&y1 fruit di/ricts ( ,france f :i* _m ,fr5* settl]s came1 br\ght ) !m se$s ( ! *]ry ) ^? ( o!r fruits4 ,pet] ,kalm 9 8 ,travels into ,nor? ,am]ica 9 #agga1bd records ! v g5]al culture ( all ! h>dy fruits 9 ,canada & leaves ! impression t su* _h be5 ! case f ! fir/ settlem5ts4 #bd ,kalm1 ,pet] ,travels into ,nor? ,am]ica #agga4 ,,*]ries ,,9 ,,new ,,engl& ,! *]ry came to ,new ,engl& ) ! fir/ settl]s4 ,?is we are told 9 all ! records ( e>ly ,new ,engl& 9 :i* ! conditions ( ! c\ntry are describ$ & ( x we h confirmatory pro( 9 _m enorm\s *]ry trees1 ,sweet & ,s\r1 bo? ab\t anci5t habitations & z escapes f cultivation 9 woods1 fields & f5ce r[s1 all po9t+ to ! e>ly cultivation ( ?is fruit4 ,! e>ly records are v specific4 ,?us1 to quote a few out ( an emb>rassm5t ( ref]5ces3 ,francis ,higg9son writ+ 9 #afbi1 aft] nam+ ! sev]al o!r fruits !n "u cultivation 9 ,massa*usetts1 notes t ! ,r$ ,k5ti% is ! only *]ry cultivat$4#be ,9 ! same ye>1 ! #af? ( ,m>*1 #afbi1 a memor&um ( ! ,massa*usetts ,company %[s t ,/ones ( all sorts ( fruites1 z pea*es1 plums1 filb]ts1 *]ries1 pe>1 aple1 qu9ce k]nells 7 to be s5t to ,new ,engl&4#bf ,^! se$s1 provid$ by ! home company ) =e?\ght ( ! ne$ ( or*>ds 9 ! colony1 evid5tly produc$ fruit trees suffici5t to supply bo? hung] & ?ir/2 = ,john ,josselyn1 :o made voyages to ,new ,engl& 9 #afch1 #afci & #affc1 writ+ ( ,new ,engl&'s ,r>ities ,discov]$1 says3#bg ,our fruit ,trees prosp] abundantly1 ,apple-trees1 ,pe>-trees1 ,qu9ce-trees1 ,*]ry-trees1 ,plum-trees1 ,b>b]ry-trees4 ,i h obs]v$ ) admiration1 t ! ,k]nels s[n or ! ,succors plant$ produce z fair & good fruit1 )\t graft+1 z ! tree f :5ce !y 7 tak53 ! ,c\ntrey is repl5i%$ ) fair & l>ge ,or*>ds4 ,x 0 affirm$ by "o ,mr4 ,woolcut 7a magi/rate 9 ,connecticut ,colony7 at ! ,capta9s ,messe 7( :i* ,i 07 abo>d ! ,%ip ,i came home 91 t he made ,five hundr$ ,hog%eads ( ,syd] out ( 8 own ,or*>d 9 "o ye>4 ,syd] is v pl5tiful 9 ! ,c\ntrey1 ord9>ily sold = t5 %ill+s a ,hog%ead4 ,! ,qu9ces1 ,*]ries1 ,damsons1 set ! ,dames a "w1 ,m>malad & pres]v$ ,damsons are to be met ) 9 e h\se4 ,x 0 n long be=e ,i left ! ,c\ntrey t ,i made ,*]ry w9e1 & s may o!rs1 = !re are good /ore ( !m bo? r$ & black4 ,_! fruit trees are subject to two diseases1 ! ,meazels1 :i* is :5 !y are burn$ & scor*$ ) ! ,sun1 & l[s9ess1 :5 ! woodpeck]s jab holes 9 _! b>k3 ! way to cure !m :5 !y are l[sie is to bore a hole 9 ! ma9 root ) an ,augur1 & p\r 9 a quantity ( ,br&ie or ,rhum1 & !n /op x up ) a p9 made ( ! same ,tree4 ,z e>ly z #afda1 a nurs]y _h be5 />t$ 9 ,massa*usetts & 0 sell+ among o!r trees ^? ( ! *]ry4 ,tr\blesome pe/s _h made _! appe>ance1 too1 z may be se5 f ! foll[+ lett]1 probably f ! fir/ ,am]ican nurs]yman4 ,! lett] is writt5 by ,george ,f5) ( ,saybrook1 ,connecticut1 "u date ( ,may #f1 #afda1bh to ,gov]nor ,john ,w9?rop1 ,jr4 ,i haue receau$ ! trees y[ s5t me1 = :i* ,i h>tily ?anke y[4 ,if ,i _h any ?+ he>e t c\ld pleasure y[1 y[ %\ld frely comm& x4 ,i am prettie well /orr$ ) *irrie pea* trees1 did hope ,i _h _h a good nurs]ie ( aples1 ( ! aples y[ s5t me la/ ye>e1 b ! wormes h 9 a mann] di/roy$ !m all z !y came vp4 ,i pray in=me me if y[ "k any way to preu5t ! l mis*iefe = ! future4 ,^! e>ly plantations ( *]ries 9 ,new ,engl& 7 und\bt$ly gr[n f se$2 = buds1 cions & trees c\ld n h be5 import$ unless ! latt] 7 br\ght ov] pott$ out z 0 n commonly done until a c5tury & a half lat]--at lea/1 ! records make m5tion ( se$s & n ( trees z 0 ! case j be=e & aft] ! ,revolution>y ,w>4 ,a /atem5t left by "o ( ! ,*ief ,ju/ices ( ,massa*usetts1 ,paul ,dudley1 liv+ at ,roxbury1 at z late a date z #agbf1 indicates t v>ieties 7 few4 ,9 a pap] 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions#bi on agricultural conditions 9 ,massa*usetts1 among _m o!r int]e/+ ?+s1 ,ju/ice ,dudley says3 ,our apples are )\t d\bt z good z ^? ( ,engl&1 & mu* fair] to look to1 & s are ! pe>s1 b we h n got all ! sorts4 ,our pea*es d r excel ^? ( ,engl&1 & !n we h n ! tr\ble or exp5ce ( walls = !m2 = our pea* trees are all /&>ds1 & ,i h _h 9 my own g>d5 sev5 or eight hundr$ f9e pea*es ( ! ,r>e-ripes1 gr[+ at a "t on "o tree4 ,our p1 ( late ye>s1 h run s mu* ^u or*>ds1 t 9 a village ne> ,bo/on1 consi/+ ( ab\t =ty families1 !y made ne> ?ree ?\s& b>rels ( cyd]4 ,?is 0 9 ! ye> #agba4 ,& 9 ano!r t[n ( two hundr$ families1 9 ! same ye> ,i am cr$ibly in=m$ !y made ne> t5 ?\s& b>rels4 ,our pea* trees are l>ge & fruitful1 & be> commonly 9 ?ree ye>s f ! /one4 ,our common *]ries are n s good z ! ,k5ti% *]ries ( ,engl&1 & we h no ,dukes or ,he>t *]ries1 unless 9 two or ?ree g>d5s4 #be ,mass4 ,hi/4 ,soc4 ,collections #a/ ,s]4 ,i3#aah4 #bf ,mass4 ,records ,i3#bd4 #bg ,mass4 ,hi/4 ,collections #c;d ,s]4 #bc3ccg4 #bh ,mass4 ,hi/4 ,collections #d? ,s]4 ,,vi3#dii4 #bi ,abridgm5t #f3pt4 ,,ii3#cda1 9 ,hi/4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #ad-ae4 #ahbi-ahgh4 ,,*]ries ,,9 ,,new ,,york ,?\gh settl$ at ab\t ! same "t & hav+ a m cong5ial climate1 ,new ,york made progress 9 fruit-gr[+ m sl[ly ?an ,massa*usetts4 ,! e>ly ,dut* settl]s 9 ,new ,york 7 transi5t trad]s & n home mak]s4 ,actual settlem5t ) homes 9 view did n beg9 until aft] ! hi/orical b>ga9 9 :i* ?rifty ,pet] ,m9uit _h acquir$ ,manhattan ,isl& = #bd4jj & ! c\ntry became ,new ,am/]dam4 ,b tr\blesome times foll[$ "u ! rule ( ,m9uit1 ,w\t] ,van ,twill] & ,kieft1 qu>rels & actual w>1 or ! fe> ( x1 ) coloni/s to ! nor? & s\? z well z ) ! savages1 prev5t+ ! plant+ ( or*>ds & f>ms until 9 #afdg :5 ! re9s ( gov]nm5t 7 tak5 9 h& by ,pet] ,/uyvesant4 ,gov]nor ,/uyvesant 0 a f>m] z well z a soldi] & !re is some?+ 9 hi/ory & mu* 9 tradition ( ! ,b[]y ,f>m1 :i* fl\ri%$ on ! site ( ! pres5t ,b[]y 9 ,new ,york4 ,?is f>m 0 plant$ & t5d$ by ,pet]1 ! ,head/rong :5 he 0 n disput+ ) 8 burgoma/]s1 wat*+ ! ,yankees & fight+ ,sw$es & ,indians4 ,! or*>ds & g>d5s1 accord+ to all acc\nts1 7 rem>kably f9e & 7 kept 9 a high /ate ( cultivation4 ,/uyvesant f\nd$ ! f>m dur+ ! /ormy times ( 8 gov]nor%ip b did n live on x until ! ,engli% took possession ( ,new ,am/]dam 9 #affd :5 he retir$ to ! l& & devot$ ! eighte5 rema9+ ye>s ( 8 life to agriculture4 ,f ! neighbor+ colonies & f abroad he br\ght _m fruits1 fl[]s1 f>m & truck crops4 ,fruits came to him also f ,holl& & 7 dissem9at$ f 8 or*>d up ! ,hudson4 ,! *]ry 0 "o ( ! fruits mu* gr[n by ! ,dut*4 ,x w\ld be we>isome & w\ld s]ve little purpose ev5 to attempt a cursory review ( ! lit]ature ( colonial days 9 ,new ,york %[+ ! spread & ! ext5t ( fruit culture by ! ,dut*4 ,travel up ! ,hudson & its bran*es 0 easy & )9 a c5tury aft] ! settlem5t ( ,new ,york by ! ,dut*1 *]ries 7 n only cultivat$ by ! :ites1 accord+ to ! records ( travel]s1 naturali/s & mission>ies1 b 7 rudely till$ by ! ,indians4 ,= a long "t aft] its introduction 9 ,new ,york1 ! *]ry1 9 common ) o!r fruits1 0 gr[n z a species--v>ieties & budd$ or graft$ trees 7 probably n kn[n4 ,fruit-gr[+ z an indu/ry began 9 ,new ,york & 9 ,am]ica1 ) ! e/abli%m5t ( a nurs]y at ,flu%+1 ,long ,isl&1 9 #agcj1 by ,rob]t ,pr9ce1 f\nd] ( ! nurs]y :i* aft]w>ds became ! fam\s ,l9nan ,botanic ,g>d54 ,at :at date ?is nurs]y began to (f] nam$ *]ries = sale _c be said b adv]tisem5ts appe>+ 9 #agfg1 #aggd & #agid %[ t budd$ or graft$ nam$ *]ries 7 be+ (f]$ = sale by ! ,pr9ces4 ,9 #ahjd1 ,william ,pr9ce1 ?ird proprietor ( ! fam\s ,flu%+ nurs]y1 prep>$ a li/ ( ! nam$ *]ries !n "u cultivation 9 ,am]ica = ,willi*'s ,dome/ic ,encyclopa$ia1 an ,engli% "w :i* 0 be+ edit$ & made applicable to ! pres5t situation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,dr4 ,james ,mease4 ,! foll[+ is ,pr9ce's li/3#cj ,may ,duke1 ripe 9 ,may & ,june3 long /em1 r\nd & r$1 an excell5t *]ry1 & be>s well4 ,black ,he>t1 ripe 9 ,june3 a f9e *]ry4 ,:ite ,he>t 7or ,sug> ,*]ry7 ripe 9 ,june3 :ite & r$4 ,ble$+ ,he>t1 ripe 9 ,june2 a v l>ge *]ry ( a long =m & d>k col\r2 x has a pleasant ta/e4 ,ox ,he>t1 ripe 9 ,june3 a l>ge1 firm1 f9e *]ry4 ,spani% ,he>t1 ripe 9 ,june4 ,c>nation1 ripe 9 ,july1 x takes its "n f its col\r1 be+ r$ & :ite1 a l>ge r\nd *]ry1 b n v sweet4 ,amb]1 ripe 9 ,july4 ,r$ ,he>t1 d4 ,late ,duke1 d4 ,clu/]1 plant$ m = ornam5t1 or curiosity ?an any o!r purpose4 ,d\ble ,blossoms1 ripe 9 ,july4 ,honey ,*]ry1 d4 small sweet *]ry4 ,k5ti% *]ry1 ripe 9 ,july4 ,maz>9e1 d4 ,morello1 d4 & ,augu/2 a r$1 acid *]ry1 ! be/ = pres]v+1 & = mak+ *]ry-br&y4 ,e>ly ,ri*mond ,*]ry4 ,?is fruit orig9at$ ne> ,ri*mond 9 ,virg9ia1 & is ! e>lie/ *]ry 9 ,am]ica1 & valuable on t acc\nt2 x is ! size ( a ,may ,duke1 & resembles x 9 =m4 ,r$ ,big]eau1 a v f9e *]ry1 ripe 9 ,july1 ( a he>t %ape4 ,:ite ,big]eau1 ripe 9 ,july & ,augu/3 rem>kably firm1 he>t %ap$4 ,l>ge ,d\ble ,fl[]+ ,*]ry4 ,?is tree produces no fruit b makes a h&some appe>ance 9 ! spr+1 :5 x is cov]$ ) clu/]s ( d\ble fl[]s z l>ge z ! c9namon rose2 x diff]s f ! common d\ble fl[]+ *]ry :i* nev] =ms a l>ge tree1 & has small po9t$ leaves4 ,! ?ree la/ 7 import$ f ,bordeaux 9 #agih4 ,small ,morello ,*]ry1 call$ also ,salem ,*]ry1 because x came orig9ally f ,salem ,c\nty1 ,n4 ,j41 is cultivat$ by ,mr4 ,coop] ( t /ate1 :o values x highly4 ,! fruit has a lively acid ta/e4 ,! tree produces abundantly1 & is ! lea/ subject to worms ( any *]ry trees4 ,mr4 ,c4 says t ! ,ble$+ ,he>t suits a s&y soil1 b t ! ,may-duke w n fl\ri% 9 x4 #cj ,willi* ,dome/ic ,encyclopa$ia #aje4 #ahjd4 ,,*]ries ,,9 ,,! ,,s\? ,x w\ld be int]e/+ b h>dly ( suffici5t pr(it to trace fur!r ! hi/ory ( cultivat$ *]ries 9 ! /ates ( ! ,atlantic seabo>d4 ,ref]5ces to ! *]ry ab\nd 9 ! colonial records ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,new ,j]sey & ,delaw>e b !y br+ out no facts diff]+ mat]ially f ^? ab/ract$ f ! records ( ! nor!rn colonies4 ,! ,quak]s & ! ,sw$es 9 ! /ates wat]$ by ! ,delaw>e & ! ,engli% 9 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia & ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 all e>ly grew *]ries z "o ( ! easie/ fruits to propagate & cultivate4 ,space c be sp>$ = b two brief quotations to %[ ! condition ( *]ry culture 9 ! ,s\? 9 ,colonial days4 ,! fir/ is f ,bruce's ,economic ,hi/ory ( ,virg9ia4#ca ,9 ! clos+ ye>s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 !re 7 few plantations 9 ,virg9ia :i* did n possess or*>ds ( apple & pea* trees1 pe>1 plum1 apricot & qu9ce4#cb ,! numb] ( trees 0 (t5 v l>ge4 ,! or*>d ( ,rob]t ,hide ( ,york#cc conta9$ ?ree hundr$ pea* & ?ree hundr$ apple trees4 ,!re 7 tw5ty-five hundr$ apple trees 9 ! or*>d ( ,colonel ,fitzhugh4#cd ,ea* species ( fruit 0 repres5t$ by _m v>ieties2 ?us1 ( ! apple1 !re 7 ma9s1 pipp9s1 russ5t5s1 co/>ds1 m>igolds1 k+s1 magit5s & ba*elors2 ( ! pe>1 b]gamy & w>d54 ,! qu9ce 0 great] 9 size1 b less acidulat$ ?an ! ,engli% qu9ce2 on ! o!r h&1 ! apricot & plum 7 inf]ior 9 quality to ! ,engli%1 n rip5+ 9 ! same p]fection4#ce ,*]ries grew 9 notable abundance4 ,s great 0 ! productive capacity ( ! pea* t "s ( ! l&[n]s plant$ or*>ds ( ! tree = ! m]e purpose ( us+ ! fruit to fatt5 _! hogs2#cf on "s plantations1 z _m z =ty bu%els are said to h be5 knock$ d[n to ! sw9e 9 ! c\rse ( a s+le season4#cg ,! second quotation is f ,lawson's ,hi/ory ( ,c>ol9a4#ch ,we h ! common1 r$ & black *]ry1 :i* be> well4 ,i nev] saw any graft$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! common except$1 :i* 0 graft$ on an indian plum /ock1 & bore well4 ,?is is a good way1 because our common *]ry trees are v apt to put scions all ar\nd ! tree = a great di/ance1 :i* mu/ ne$s be prejudicial to ! tree & fruit4 ,n only our *]ries are apt to d s1 b our apples & mo/ o!r fruit trees1 :i* may *iefly be imput$ to ! neglig5ce & unskillfulness ( ! g>dn]4 ,our *]ries are ripe a mon? soon] ?an 9 ,virg9ia4 #ca ,bruce ,economic ,hi/ory ( ,virg9ia #a3dfh4 #ahie4 #cb ,glov] ,philo4 ,trans4 ,royal ,soc4 #afgf-afgh1 vols4 ,,xi-,,xii1 p4 #fbh4 #cc ,records ( ,york ,c\nty vol4 #afid-afig1 p4 #ga1 ,va4 ,/ate ,libr>y4 #cd ,lett]s ( ,william ,fitzhugh ,april #bb1 #afhf4 #ce ,glov] ,philo4 ,trans4 ,royal ,soc4 #afgf-afgh1 vols4 ,,xi-,,xii1 p4 #fbh4 #cf ,bev]ley ,hi/ory ( ,virg9ia p4 #bfj4 #cg ,glov] ,philo4 ,trans4 ,royal ,soc4 #afgf-afgh1 vols4 ,,xi-,,xii1 p4 #fbh4 #ch ,lawson ,hi/ory ( ,c>ol9a #ahc4 #agad4 7,repr9t ( #ahfj47 ,,*]ries ,,9 ,,! ,,middle ,,we/ ,at a surpris+ly e>ly date ! *]ry1 ) ! apple1 pea*1 pe> & plum1 0 be+ gr[n f> inl& 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,s\!a/]n ,mi*igan 0 settl$ 9 #agja at ,detroit & )9 a half-c5tury settlem5ts _h be5 made at ,v9c5nes1 ,indiana2 ,kaskaskia & ,cahokia1 ,ill9ois2 & at ,sa9t ,l\is & sev]al o!r po9ts 9 ,miss\ri4 ,! or*>ds & g>d5s ( ! e>ly ,fr5* settl]s 9 ^! /ates live 9 ! traditions ( all ! settlem5ts2 b mu* m sub/antial evid5ce 0 to be f\nd a c5tury ago1 & 9 ! case ( ! apple & pe> may /ill be f\nd1 9 ! v5]able trees ( all ! tree-fruit 9 & ab\t ^! old ,fr5* po/s4 ,! homes ( ^! pione]s1 s good an au?ority z ,p>kman tells u1 7 g5]ally plac$ 9 g>d5s surr\nd$ by fruit trees ( apples1 pe>s1 *]ries & pea*es4 ,7 pro( lack+ ( ^! e>ly plantations1 x might be assum$ t p s fond ( horticulture z ! ,fr5* w\ld n long be unm9dful ( ! value to !mselves & _! po/]ity ( plantations ( fruit trees4 ,,*]ries ,,on ,,! ,,pacific ,,coa/ ,! hi/ory ( ! *]ry 9 ,am]ica is n complete )\t "s m5tion ( its introduction1 culture & ! developm5t ( new v>ieties on ! ,pacific coa/4 ,inde$1 x is n too mu* to say t at no "t nor at any place 9 its :ole hi/ory has ! *]ry made great] advancem5t ?an dur+ ! la/ half-c5tury 9 ,oregon1 ,cali=nia & ,wa%+ton--nam+ ! /ates 9 ord] ( _! contribution to *]ry culture4 ,at ab\t ! "t ! colonies 7 beg9n+ _! /ruggle ) ! "m c\ntry = indep5d5ce1 ,franciscan monks 7 e/abli%+ missions 9 ,cali=nia4 ,to ^! !y br\ght se$s ( fruits1 gra9s1 fl[]s & vegetables1 z sev]al hi/orians ( ! missions tell u1 & z ! trees f\nd by ,am]icans a few decades lat] make c]ta9 z reg>ds fruits4 ,x is probable t by ! close ( ! ,revolution>y w> all subtropical & temp]ate fruits ( ,europe 7 to be f\nd cultivat$ 9 ! missions ( ,cali=nia4 ,among ^!1 9 an enum]ation ( ! products ( ! missions1 ! *]ry is li/$ by ,e4 ,s4 ,capson4#ci ,f its introduction at approximately ! close ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 ! *]ry cont9u$ to be cultivat$1 at times m or less sp>sely to be sure1 until1 by conque/ 9 ! w> ) ,mexico1 ,cali=nia pass$ into ! possession ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a new era 9 horticulture began 9 ,cali=nia soon aft] ! influx ( gold-seek]s 9 #ahdi1 "s ( :om1 not+ ! opportunities ( fruit-gr[+1 at once began ! importation ( se$s & plants4 ,mod]n fruit-gr[+ on ! ,pacific ,coa/1 h[ev]1 began 9 ,oregon4 ,! ,cali=nia ,argonauts ( '#di 7 mu* too busily engag$ 9 digg+ gold to ?9k ( gett+ x indirectly by till+ ! soil1 :]eas ! m5 :o 7 !n cross+ ! pla9s f ,miss\ri or sail+ ar\nd ! ,horn f ,new ,engl& to ,oregon 7 home-mak]s & true till]s ( ! soil4 ,^! e>ly ,oregonians 7 ! =]unn]s 9 ! zeal & ent]prise :i* h made horticulture on ?is coa/ ! m>vel ( mod]n agriculture4 ,b "o ( ! sev]al e>ly horticulturi/s ( ,oregon c be m5tion$ "h1 he des]v+ special m5tion by virtue ( 8 "w ) *]ries4 ,until #ahdg ! few cultivat$ fruits to be f\nd 9 ,oregon 7 se$l+s mo/ly gr[n by employees ( ! ,hudson ,bay ,fur ,company4 ,9 t ye> !re 0 a notable importation ( cultivat$ fruits across ! pla9s--a v5ture :i* quickly prov$ pregnant ) results 9 fruit h>ve/s :i* h n ceas$ & give promise long to cont9ue4 ,h5d]son ,lewell+ cross$ ! pla9s f ,h5ry ,c\nty1 ,i[a1 & br\ght ) him a *oice selection ( graft$ fruits4 ,^! he transport$ 9 boxes ( soil :i* he haul$ 9 a wagon drawn by ox54 ,arriv+ 9 ,oregon late 9 ! fall ( #ahdg he f\nd t he _h #cjj trees alive :i* he plant$ at :at is n[ ,milwaukee1 a few miles s\? ( ,portl& on ! ea/ side ( ! ,willamette ,riv]4 ,lat]1 se$s 7 br\ght = /ocks1 ?\gh = ! *]ry ! wild species1 ,prunus em>g9ata & ,prunus virg9iana1 7 us$ & v successfully1 until ,mazz>d & ,mahaleb se$s c\ld be obta9$4 ,9 ?is travell+ nurs]y1 ,lewell+ br\ght to ,oregon *]ries ( ! ,big>reau1 ! ,engli% ,morello & probably ( sev]al o!r types4 ,! label ( "o ( ! *]ries 0 lo/ & ?is unkn[n 0 r5am$ ,royal ,ann4 ,un=tunately1 x 0 "o ( ! be/ kn[n ( all *]ries t = ! "t be+ lo/ its id5tity--! ,napoleon1 :i* probably has be5 cultivat$ = ?ree c5turies & s9ce #ahbj has borne ! "n ( ! great ,g5]al4 ,) dogg$ p]sev]ance ! ,we/ ,coa/ fruit-gr[]s cont9ue ! "n ,royal ,ann to ! great confusion ( sy/ematic pomology4 ,b ( *ief import to *]ry culture 7 ! subsequ5t op]ations 9 ! ,lewell+ nurs]y at ,milwaukee4 ,lack+ prop] /ocks1 ,se? ,lewell+1 :o _h succe$$ ,h5d]son 9 ! nurs]y bus9ess1 grew a great _m *]ries f se$s4 ,f ^! he aft]w>d select$ & dissem9at$ v>ieties t h made ,oregon fam\s n only = :at are probably ! f9e/ sweet *]ries 9 ! _w b = a long li/ ( new & desirable v>ieties--z ,republican1 ,l9coln1 ,willamette ,se$l+ & ,b+4 ,we call to m9d no great] success 9 br++ into be+ new fruits f a few lots ( se$l+s ?an 9 ! case ( ,lewell+ & 8 *]ries4 ,lewell+'s "w /imulat$ o!rs to bre$ *]ries & among _m se$l+s t h s9ce be5 nam$ 9 ! ,nor?we/ ! ,lamb]t & ,oregon are well wor?y ( m5tion4 ,! facts ( "t & place 9 ! beg9n+ ( *]ry culture :i* we h tri$ to set =? 9 ?is *apt] h1 we ?9k1 "s hi/orical & n>rative int]e/4 ,yet1 ! ma9 value ( ! facts are n 9 hi/ory & /ory4 ,r1 at lea/ s we hope !y w be int]pret$1 ^! brief records %[ :at ! crude mat]ial 0 out ( :i* our pres5t cultivat$ *]ry flora has be5 develop$2 :at ! /eps 7 9 ! dome/ication & developm5t ( ! *]ry2 :at economic purposes !y h s]v$2 & :o ! peoples are & :at ! me?ods 7 9 br++ ! *]ry to its pres5t /ate ( developm5t4 ,9 a ^w1 ! *apt] w n h s]v$ ! purpose = :i* x is ma9ly int5d$ if x does n furni% facts & inspirations t[>d ! fur!r evolution ( ! *]ry4 #ci ,hi/ory ( ,cali=nia #aaa4 #ahed4 ,*apt] ,,iii ,,*]ry ,,culture ,! magnitude ( ! *]ry indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is n g5]ally appreciat$4 ,?is is because *]ries are v l>gely gr[n 9 small home plantations & ! product is ei!r consum$ at home & 9 local m>kets1 or is s5t to cann+ factories & is !re=e dispos$ ( )\t ! display att5d+ ! production & m>ket+ ( fruits sold 9 ! g5]al m>ket4 ,! foll[+ figures f ! la/ c5sus %[ ! importance ( ! indu/ry4 ,!re 7 9 #aiji1 accord+ to ! c5sus tak5 9 #aiaj1 #aa1hbb1jdd be>+ *]ry trees 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & #e1fba1ffj trees n ( be>+ age4 ,! be>+ trees bore #d1abf1jii bu%els ( fruit valu$ at #g1bca1afj4 ,:5 ?is1 ! ?irte5? c5sus1 0 tak51 ! *]ry rank$ fif? 9 comm]cial value among or*>d fruits1 be+ surpass$ 9 ! ord] nam$ by ! apple1 pea*1 plum & pe>4 ,! yield ( fruit 0 #dc4f p] c5tum great] 9 #aiji ?an 9 #ahii4 ,?is high p]c5tage ( increase has be5 br\ght ab\t 9 sev]al ways4 ,! rec5t developm5t ( rapid transportation1 refrig]ator s]vice & ( m>ket+ facilities has greatly /imulat$ ! culture ( ?is z ( all o!r fruits 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,an increas$ dem& = cann$ & pres]v$ *]ries has sprung up s t *]ries are mu* m us$ n[ ?an =m]ly1 ! trade 9 pres]v$ *]ries = confections & v>i\s dr9ks 9 p>ticul> hav+ greatly increas$4 ,la/ly1 bett] c>e ( or*>ds & bett] means ( combat+ insects & fungi h increas$ ! yields dur+ ! la/ decade4 ,*]ries are gr[n 9 great] or less quantities 9 e /ate 9 ! ,union b comm]cially ! indu/ry is conf9$ to a few /ates hav+ especial advantages 9 climate1 soil & m>kets4 ,9 b six /ates1 accord+ to ! la/ c5sus1 0 ! value ( ! *]ry crop m ?an a half-million doll>s1 ! /ates be+3 ,cali=nia #iea1fed1 ,p5nsylvania #iji1ige1 ,ohio #feg1djf1 ,mi*igan #eij1hbi1 ,new ,york #edd1ejh1 ,indiana #ejh1eaf4 ,9 ,new ,york 9 p>ticul>1 rec5t plant+s ( ?is fruit h be5 s great t at ?is writ+1 ,july1 #aiad1 ! figures giv5 = ?is ,/ate c\ld be increas$ by a qu>t] at ! v lea/1 & no d\bt !y c\ld be l>gely increas$ also = ,cali=nia & ,mi*igan4 ,! great gr[? ( ! cann+ indu/ry is mo/ l>gely responsible = ! l>ge plant+s ( *]ries 9 rec5t ye>s 9 regions especially suit$ to ?is fruit4 ,9 ! sev]al /ates nam$1 ! *]ry indu/ry is fur!r localiz$4 ,?us1 9 ! #fa c\nties 9 ,new ,york1 ! *]ry is gr[n l>gely 9 b #ab1 ! numb] ( trees 9 ea* ( ^! be+3 ,columbia #gh1ebf1 ,niag>a #fa1ghf1 ,monroe #di1hca1 ,ont>io #cf1cid1 ,wayne #ce1che1 ,erie #bi1dhc1 ,onondaga #be1icb1 ,s5eca #bg1jfc1 ,*autauqua #bd1dhc1 ,/eub5 #ae1dab1 ,orleans #ad1fhb & ,cayuga #ad1cai4 ,if ! figures j giv51 ! total numb] be+ #dac1bif1 are comp>$ ) ! numb] ( trees 9 ! ,/ate1 #fgd1jjj1 x w be se5 t ! indu/ry is q localiz$1 two-?irds ( ! *]ries be+ gr[n 9 #ab ( ! #fa c\nties1 ?\gh ! fact is br\ght out 9 ! c5sus t *]ries are gr[n on #ei1djh f>ms 9 ,new ,york1 %[+ t ?is fruit is mu* gr[n = home use4 ,fur!r figures ( int]e/ z reg>ds ,new ,york are t ! *]ry crop 9 #aiji am\nt$ to #bga1eig bu%els :i* sold = #edd1ejh4 ,! plant+s 9 ! ,/ate cov] 9 ! neighborhood ( #i1ejj acres4 ,a canvass ( ! lead+ *]ry-gr[]s & nurs]ym5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates %[s t1 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry except+ ,cali=nia1 ,oregon & ,wa%+ton1 ,s\r ,*]ries are mu* m commonly gr[n ?an ,sweet ,*]ries4 ,9 ,new ,york at lea/ #ij p] c5t ( ! *]ry trees are ( s\r v>ieties & ?is proportion w hold = ! region ea/ ( ! ,rockies4 ,! lead+ comm]cial v>ieties ( ,s\r ,*]ries1 9 ord] nam$1 are ,montmor5cy1 ,e>ly ,ri*mond & ,engli% ,morello4 ,no o!r v>iety is ne>ly z commonly gr[n z is ev5 ! lea/ well kn[n ( ^! ?ree4 ,no "o ( ! ,duke *]ries is m5tion$ z ( comm]cial importance1 b ,may ,duke1 ,late ,duke & ,re9e ,hort5se are frequ5tly gr[n 9 home plantations4 ,gr[]s ( ,sweet ,*]ries are n ne>ly z closely 9 accord z to ! be/ v>ieties z are ^? :o gr[ s\r sorts4 ,! mo/ popul> ,sweet ,*]ries 9 ! ,ea/ seem to be ,w9dsor1 ,black ,t>t>ian1 ,napoleon & ,wood ) a v insi/5t /atem5t ( ! few :o h tri$ x t ,s*midt is bett] ?an any ( ^! = ! m>ket4 ,on ! ,pacific ,coa/ honors g to ,napoleon1 :i* ! ,we/]n]s cont9ue to call ,royal ,ann despite ! fact t x has be5 cultivat$ = ?ree c5turies & _h be5 call$ ,napoleon = ne>ly a half-c5tury be=e ,lewell+ took x to ,oregon 9 #ahdg4 ,o!r popul> sorts on ! ,pacific seabo>d are ,b+1 ,lamb]t & ,republican--all we/]n productions4 ,r m important ?an ! in=mation obta9$ f gr[]s ( *]ry trees z to v>ieties 0 t z to ! /ocks on :i* *]ries are gr[n 9 ,am]ica4 ,?is br+s u to a discussion ( ! :ole subject ( /ocks = *]ries4 ,,/ocks ,,= ,,*]ries ,*]ries h be5 gr[n 9 ,am]ica = ov] #bjj ye>s & = #ej ye>s ! crop has be5 important comm]cially4 ,yet despite ! ext5t & ! importance ( ! indu/ry & ! ye>s x has be5 9 exi/5ce1 curi\sly en\gh s fundam5tal a "q z ! be/ /ock ^u :i* to gr[ *]ries has n yet be5 settl$2 inde$1 ?\gh *]ries behave m>k$ly diff]5t on ! sev]al /ocks1 int]e/ z to :i* is ! be/ seems b rec5tly to h be5 ar\s$4 ,n[ !re is a r w>m controv]sy z to :i* is ! bett] ( ! two lead+ /ocks1 ! ,mazz>d or ! ,mahaleb4 ,fruit-gr[]s on "o side hold t ! ,mazz>d is ! be/ /ock = all or*>d v>ieties ( ?is fruit :ile nurs]ym5 controv]t ?is view & say t ! ,mahaleb is at lea/ a fit /ock = sweet sorts & is ! be/ "o = ,s\r ,*]ries1 &1 moreov]1 t x is n[ impossible to gr[ *]ries on ,mazz>d roots at prices t fruit-gr[]s are will+ to pay4 ,s9ce no sy/ematic attempts seem to h be5 made to det]m9e ! peculi>ities & values ( ^! two & o!r *]ry /ocks bo? sides dispute )\t _m facts4 ,mean:ile1 a f9e crop ( misund]/&+s has gr[n up ab\t ! :ole matt] ( *]ry /ocks4 ,x is wor? :ile to attempt to cle> up "s ( ! misund]/&+s4 ,! fir/ /ep t[>d ?is end is to describe & give ! botanical & horticultural relation%ips ( ! ,mazz>d & ,mahaleb *]ries to or*>d *]ries4 ,! ,mazz>d1 z we h se51 is a common "n1 ( unc]ta9 orig91 ( ! wild ,sweet ,*]ry1 ,prunus avium1 f :i* has come all cultivat$ ,sweet ,*]ries4 ,x is important to recall t ! trees ( ! ,mazz>d rea* a height ( ?irty or =ty feet & ! trunk (t5 atta9s a diamet] ( eighte5 or tw5ty in*es4 ,o!r *>act]s to be kept 9 m9d are t ! ,mazz>d lacks h>d9ess to cold b gr[s vigor\sly & is usually heal?y1 ?\gh susceptible to sev]al fungi1 "o ( :i*1 ! %ot-hole fungus1 ,cyl9drosporium padi1 makes x a mo/ difficult plant to gr[ 9 ! nurs]y4 ,trees & fruit com+ f ! ,mazz>d us$ z a /ock are v uni=m1 a fact easy to asc]ta9 9 ,new ,york :]e ?is /ock has be5 l>gely us$ = ne>ly a c5tury4 ,! ,mazz>d is almo/ always gr[n f se$ = /ocks ?\gh suck]s are occasionally us$--a poor practice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,mazz>d7 ,! ,mazz>d1 or at lea/ ! ,sweet ,*]ry1 has probably be5 m or less us$ z a /ock s9ce ! e>lie/ cultivation ( ?is fruit4 ,! ,greeks & ,romans practic$ budd+ & graft+ c5turies be=e ,*ri/'s "t & :5 ! *]ry came to !m z a dome/icat$ fruit1 at lea/ ?ree or f\r c5turies be=e ,*ri/1 !y und\bt$ly made use ( budd+ & graft+#dj to ma9ta9 v>ieties & 9 ! case ( ! ,s\r ,*]ry1 if !y _h x1 & !y probably did1 to avoid ! suck]s t spr+ f ! roots ( ! trees4 ,! lit]ature ( fruit-gr[+ is scant & fragm5t>y dur+ ! ,middle ,ages b beg9n+ ) ! h]bals 9 ! ,sixte5? & ,sev5te5? ,c5turies !re are _m treatises on fruits & botany & 9 sev]al ( ^! ! use ( ! wild ,sweet ,*]ry1 ! ,mazz>d1 is m5tion$4#da ,9 ,am]ica ! ,mazz>d z a /ock probably came into use soon aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( ,pr9ce's nurs]y at ,flu%+1 ,long ,isl&1 ab\t #agcj1 budd+ & graft+ seem+ to h be5 little practic$ 9 ! ,new ,_w be=e ! f\nd+ ( ?is nurs]y4#db ,! use ( ! ,mazz>d z a /ock is m5tion$ probably = ! fir/ 9 ,coxe's ,fruit ,trees1#dc ! second ,am]ican treatise on fruits1 publi%$ 9 #ahag1 & aga9 9 ,?a*]'s ,am]ican ,or*>di/1 publi%$ 9 #ahbb4dd ,bo? au?ors1 z ! foot-notes %[1 speak ( ! use ( ?is /ock z if x 7 9 common use 9 ,am]ican nurs]ies4 ,nei!r m5tions ! ,mahaleb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,mazz>d7 ,! ,mahaleb1 ,prunus mahaleb1 x w be rememb]$ f ! description previ\sly giv51 is a bu% or bu%-l *]ry1 sometimes b n (t5 atta9+ ! height & port ( a tree4 ,! top is ?ick1 ) r sl5d] ramify+ bran*es be>+ small1 gre51 smoo?1 glossy leaves1 :i* resemble ^? ( ! apricot m ?an !y d ! leaves ( ei!r species ( or*>d *]ries4 ,! fruits are at fir/ gre51 !n yell[i%1 turn+ to r$ & at full maturity are %9+1 black & s h>d1 bitt] & a/r+5t z to be sc>cely edible4 ,?is brief description ( ,prunus mahaleb %[s t x is q di/9ct f ei!r our commonly cultivat$ ,sweet ,*]ry1 ,prunus avium1 or ! ,s\r ,*]ry1 ,prunus c]asus1 diff]+ f ei!r mu* m ?an ! two edible species diff] f ea* o!r4 ,x is q z f> remov$ f ! ,sweet or ! ,s\r ,*]ry botanically z ! apple is f ! pe>1 ! qu9ce1 or ! ?orn & if any?+ m di/antly relat$ ?an or*>d *]ries are to plums4 ,"o w\ld expect ! wood /ructure ( ! ,mahaleb to diff] f t ( ,sweet or ,s\r ,*]ries v mat]ially & t ev5 if ! union prov$ 9 budd+ or graft+ :olly normal t !re w\ld be "s difficulty 9 ! prop] passage ( nutritive solutions betwe5 /ock & cion4 ,?is *]ry1 z we h se51 is propagat$ almo/ entirely f se$ ?\gh x may easily be gr[n f lay]s1 cutt+s & suck]s4 ,! ,am]ican supply ( ,mahaleb /ock comes f ,france4 ,! ,mahaleb seems to h come into use z a /ock = o!r *]ries 9 ,france hav+ be5 fir/ m5tion$ = ?is purpose by ,duhamel du ,monceau 9 8 ,traite des ,arbres ,fruiti]s 9 #agfh4de ,mill] 9 8 ,g>d5]'s ,diction>y1 #aged1 describes ! ,mahaleb *]ry & says x 0 ,cultivat$ 9 #agad by ! ,du*ess ( ,beau=t4 ,?is seems to be ! fir/ m5tion ( its culture 9 ,engl& ?\gh ,g]>de 9 ,! ,h]ball or ,g5]all ,hi/orie ( ,plantes describes x4 ,nei!r m5tions its use z a /ock4 ,9 fact1 x seems n to h be5 m5tion$ z a /ock 9 ,engl& until #ahbd :5 ,l\don 9 ! ,encyclop$ia ( ,g>d5+ speaks ( x z ! mo/ effectual dw>f+ /ock4#df ,x 0 n until aft] ! middle ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury t ! ,mahaleb came into use 9 ,am]ica1 none ( ! horticultural writ]s 9 ! fir/ half ( ! la/ c5tury1 z ,cobbett1 #ahjc2 ,mc,mahon1 #ahjf2 ,coxe1 #ahag2 ,?a*]1 #ahbb2 ,pr9ce1 #ahbh2 ,k5rick1 #ahcc2 ,mann+1 #ahch2 ,?omas1 #ahdf2 ,floy1 #ahdf1 nor ,cole1 #ahdi1 hav+ m5tion$ ! ,mahaleb ?\gh ne>ly all speak ( ! ,mazz>d z ! /ock ^u :i* *]ries are budd$4 ,d[n+1 9 #ahde1 makes fir/ m5tion ( ! ,mahaleb z a /ock 9 ! ,new ,_w2#dg ,?omas 9 8 second edition1 #ahea1 recomm5ds x z a /ock to dw>f *]ries2#dh ,b>ry1 #aheb1 says t ,mahaleb /ock is import$ f ,europe2#di :ile ,elliott1 9 #ahed1 also speaks ( x z a dw>f+ /ock4#ej ,f ?is date on ! ,mahaleb is m5tion$ 9 all ,am]ican works on pomology 9 :i* /ocks = *]ries are discuss$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,prunus ,,mahaleb ,pa9s h be5 tak5 to %[ ! exact date ! ,mahaleb began to be us$ z a /ock 9 ,am]ica4 ,! quotations %[ t ?is 0 ab\t #ahej4 ,!y %[1 too1 t at fir/ & = a long "t its only use 0 z a dw>f+ /ock4 ,b n[ ! ,mahaleb has almo/ :olly sup]s$$ ! ,mazz>d z a /ock = all ,sweet & ,s\r ,*]ries4 ,n _m *]ries 7 propagat$ on ! new /ock until aft] #ahfj :5 its use1 if we may judge f ! acc\nts ( fruit-gr[+1 began to be g5]al & x grew s rapidly 9 favor t by #ahhj x 0 m popul> ?an ! ,mazz>d & 9 ano!r decade _h almo/ :olly tak5 ! place ( ! latt]4 ,probably #ie p] c5tum ( ! *]ries gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry are budd$ on ! ,mahaleb4 ,:y has ! ,mahaleb supplant$ ! ,mazz>d8 ,?is is ! "q t imm$iately comes to m9d & to ! discussion ( :i* we proce$4 ,!re is no "q b t x is mu* easi] to gr[ *]ry trees on ,mahaleb /ock 9 ! nurs]y ?an on ,mazz>d & t usually a bett] look+ tree c be deliv]$ to ! fruit-gr[] on ! fir/-nam$ /ock4 ,se$l+s ( bo? /ocks are import$ f ,europe & ^? ( ! ,mahaleb are usually *eap]4 ,^! reasons are suffici5t = ! exclusive use ( ,mahaleb by nurs]ym51 &1 7 x c]ta9 t ! ,mahaleb is ! be/ /ock = ! fruit-gr[]1 all h&s might =?) r5\nce ! ,mazz>d4 ,9 :at respects is x easi] to gr[ *]ries on ! ,mahaleb 9 ! nurs]y ?an on ! ,mazz>d8 ,all "k t ! ,sweet ,*]ry is a little difficult to gr[--is caprici\s z to soils1 climates1 cultivation & prun+1 & z to diseases & insects4 ,! ,mazz>d n[ us$ = /ocks has ! faults ( ! species to :i* x belongs4 ,! ,mahaleb1 on ! o!r h&1 is adapt$ to a great] div]sity ( soils2 is h>di] to ei!r heat or cold2 less p>ticul> ab\t cultivation2 w /& m cutt+ 9 ! nurs]y if prun+ be necess>y2 is less susceptible to aphids :i* 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates tr\ble *]ries 9 ! nurs]y r[2 &1 m to ! po9t ?an all else1 9 ,new ,york at lea/1 is n ne>ly z badly infe/$ ) ! %ot-hole fungus1 ,cyl9drosporium padi1 :i* (t5 ru9s plantations ( ,mazz>d /ock4 ,mahaleb /ock1 too1 is m easily work$ ?an ! ,mazz>d bo? 9 ! actual "w ( budd+ & 9 hav+ a long] season = ?is nurs]y op]ation4 ,*]ries on ,mahaleb rip5 _! wood e>li] ?an ^? on ,mazz>d & may ?us be dug e>li] 9 ! fall4 ,nurs]ym5 & fruit-gr[]s alike agree to ?is /atem5t ( ! sup]ior m]its ( ! ,mahaleb z a nurs]y plant4 ,! facts set =? are matt]s ( common obs]vation--s well kn[n t x is n necess>y to v]ify !m exp]im5tally4 ,a half-c5tury ( exp]i5ce 9 ,am]ica on _m soils1 9 _m climates & "u widely v>i$ conditions has demon/rat$ t x is easi] to gr[ *]ries 9 ! nurs]y on ! ,mahaleb ?an on ! ,mazz>d /ock4 ,f exp]i5ce 9 ! or*>d1 fruit-gr[]s h e/abli%$ sev]al facts z to ! relative value ( ,mazz>d & ,mahaleb /ocks f _! /&po9t4 ,^! are3 #a4 ,*]ries on ,mahaleb are h>di] to cold ?an ^? on ,mazz>d /ocks4 ,?is h>d9ess is due1 9 "p at lea/1 to ! fact t *]ry wood on ,mahaleb rip5s soon] ?an on ,mazz>d4 ,?is sup]ior h>d9ess ( ! ,mahaleb is evid5t 9 ! nurs]y-r[ z well z 9 ! or*>d & is a matt] ( great importance 9 nor!rn nurs]y regions4 ,9 ?is connection x %\ld be said t ! ,mahaleb is n z h>dy z might be wi%$ & t !re are1 z we %all lat] %[1 /ill h>di] /ocks4 #b4 ,!re is no "q b t ! ,mahaleb is a dw>f+ /ock4 ,x came into use & 9 ,europe cont9ues to s]ve almo/ ! sole purpose ( dw>f+ v>ieties work$ ^u x4 ,?is ret>d+ effect is n fully realiz$ by ,am]ican *]ry-gr[]s because = ! fir/ few ye>s ! dim9ution 9 size is n app>5t & ev5 at ! close ( a decade ! diff]5ce 9 size is n z m>k$ z x w\ld be betwe5 /&>d & dw>f apples or pe>s ( ! same age4 #c4 ,*]ry-gr[]s :o h tri$ bo? /ocks agree t mo/ v>ieties come 9 be>+ e>li] on ,mahaleb ?an on ,mazz>d /ocks4 ,f ! kn[n effects ( dw>f+ on o!r fruit trees ?is w\ld be expect$4 #d4 ,! size ( ! *]ries is ! same on trees gr[n on ! two /ocks4 ,! claim is made t apples & pe>s are a little l>g] on dw>f trees & t :5 pea*es & plums are dw>f$ ! fruit is small]4 ,no "o seems to h se5 or to h ?\ght t !re are diff]5ces 9 ! size ( *]ries gr[n on ,mazz>d or ,mahaleb /ock4 ,illu/ration3 ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,mazz>d7 #e4 ,bett] unions are made ) ,mazz>d ?an ) ! ,mahaleb4 ,?is w\ld be expect$ because ( ! close relation%ip ( ! ,mazz>d to or*>d *]ries4 #f4 ,! ,mahaleb is probably ! m cosmopolitan /ock--w ?rive on a great] div]sity ( soils ?an ! ,mazz>d /ock4 ,9 p>ticul> x is some:at bett] adapt$ to s&y1 light1 /ony1 & arid soils t are n well adapt$ to gr[+ *]ries4 ,its root sy/em is mu* ne>] ! surface ( ! gr\nd & x is1 !re=e1 bett] adapt$ to %all[ soils ?an ! ,mazz>d4 #g4 ,?\gh ! evid5ce is some:at conflict+ on ?is po9t x is probable t *]ries on ,mazz>d live long] ?an on ,mahaleb4 ,x may be t ! frequ5t /atem5ts to ?is effect arise f ! k t dw>f fruit-trees are g5]ally %ort] liv$ ?an /&>d trees s9ce !re seem to be no records ( actual comp>isons4 #h4 ,la/ly1 9 climates :]e ! *]ry c be gr[n ) reasonable c]ta9ty & 9 soils to :i* ?is fruit is adapt$1 v>ieties on ,mazz>d are m productive & pr(itable ?an on ! ,mahaleb /ock4 ,?is seems to be ! conc5sus ( op9ion among gr[]s 9 ! great *]ry regions ( ,cali=nia1 ,oregon1 ,wa%+ton1 ,mi*igan & ,new ,york4 ,sev]al o!r /ocks h be5 m or less successfully us$ = *]ries & a great numb] h nev] be5 tri$ t might make good /ocks4 ,9 a c\ntry z div]sifi$ z ours & 9 a /ate z v>iable 9 soil & climate z ,new ,york & ) ! manifold v>ieties ( ,sweet & ,s\r ,*]ries1 x is almo/ c]ta9 t "u "s conditions !re are /ocks m desirable ?an ei!r ,mazz>d or ,mahaleb4 ,! res\rces ( ! *]ry-gr[] 9 ?is direction are s great t 9 ?is acc\nt we c b briefly outl9e !m1 describ+ b a few ( ! _m /ocks t might be us$4 ,9 ! cold] p>ts ( ,new ,york & ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 und\bt$ly se$l+s ( ,russian *]ries w\ld make h>dy & 9 mo/ o!r respects v desirable /ocks4 ,^! ,russian *]ries1 too1 z a rule1 come ne>ly or q true to se$1 mak+ v good or*>d plants on _! own roots4 ,"s ( !m1 if n mo/ ( !m1 spr\t r badly--n s s]i\s a fault z "o might ?9k1 especially 9 a cultivat$ or*>d4 ,= budd+ ov] to o!r v>ieties only s\r sorts %\ld be us$1 tak+ = trial su* v>ieties z ,bess>abian1 ,brussel] ,braune1 ,d\ble ,natte1 ,george ,glass1 ,lutovka1 ,e>ly ,morello1 ,o/heim & ,vladimir4 ,probably mo/ ( ^! w\ld dw>f /&>d v>ieties m or less b 9 no case is x to be suppos$ t !y w\ld h ! dw>f+ effect ( ,mahaleb4 ,9 ! ,nor? ,mississippi ,valley "s ( ^!1 especially ( ! ,o/heim or ,morello type1 h be5 v successfully us$ z /ocks4 ,! small1 wild1 r$ *]ry locally kn[n z ! ,bird1 ,p9 & z ! ,pigeon ,*]ry1 ,prunus p5nsylvanica1 f\nd f ! ,atlantic to ! ea/]n slopes ( ! ,coa/ ,range on ! ,pacific 9 nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates & s\!rn ,canada1 is (t5 us$ z a h>dy /ock4 ,! writ] has se5 x s us$ 9 nor!rn ,mi*igan b f 8 obs]vation c recomm5d x only = cold regions & z a make%ift s9ce x dw>fs /&>d v>ieties & usually suck]s badly4 ,w4 ,t4 ,mac\n1 ,ottawa1 ,canada1 ,dom9ion ,horticulturi/1 /ates t ?is /ock is commonly us$ 9 ! cold] p>ts ( ,canada & ) good results4 ,?is *]ry is n z di/antly relat$ to or*>d v>ieties z ! ,mahaleb & unites ) ,s\r ,*]ries at lea/ z readily z does ! ,mahaleb4 ,9 ! ,we/ & ,nor?we/ ! ,s& ,*]ry1 ,prunus pumila1 is us$ v successfully 9 cold1 dry regions z a /ock = ,s\r ,*]ries4 ,! foll[+ is a v good acc\nt ( its behavior f ! p5 ( ! late ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 a pione] *]ry gr[] 9 ! ,middle ,we/4#ea ,^? :o h se5 acres ( ! ,s&y ,*]ry 9 ! nor?we/ load$ ) fruit h n be5 ready to believe x a good /ock = ! *]ry on acc\nt ( its sprawl+ bu%y habits ( gr[?4 ,b ^? :o h wat*$ its gr[? :5 "y "u culture on ri* soil c compreh5d ! fact t x is z easy to "w z ! ,mahaleb4 ,z ) ! ,mahaleb ! se$l+s gr[n 9 se$ b$ w be l>ge en\gh to set 9 nurs]y r[ ! next spr+1 & ( good size = ,augu/ budd+4 ,to illu/rate its rapidity & uprightness ( gr[? ,i w /ate t we root$ a few cutt+s 9 plant h\se la/ w9t]4 ,:5 set 9 nurs]y !y _h made a %[ ( gr[? ( f two to f\r in*es1 yet at budd+ "t1 ! middle ( ,augu/1 !y 7 fully z l>ge1 /ocky & upright z ! ,mahalebs1 & 9 all respects 9 z p]fect condition = budd+4 ,?is h>die/ ( all *]ries is v closely relat$ to our g>d5 *]ries1 s ne>ly inde$ t our botani/s long ago decid$ t valuable crosses on x might be made4 ,z yet its use = /ocks is some:at exp]im5tal1 b we c say positively t x unit$ well ) our h>dy sorts 9 budd+1 & x does n dw>f ! sorts work$ ^u x to a great] ext5t dur+ ! fir/ five ye>s ( gr[? ?an does ! ,mahaleb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,prunus ,,mahaleb ,!re are records ( ! ,*oke ,*]ry1 ,prunus virg9iana1#eb & ( ! ,rum1 or wild ,black ,*]ry1 ,prunus s]ot9a1 hav+ be5 us$ z /ocks b ^! long-bun*1 or racemose1 *]ries are s di/antly relat$ to ! %ort-bun*1 or fascicl$1 or*>d *]ries t x w\ld seem t _! use w\ld be desirable only "u great /ress4 ,9 ,japan a horticultural v>iety ( ,prunus pseudoc]asus is us$ z a /ock4 ,( ?is *]ry = ?is purpose1 ,pr(essor ,yugo ,ho%9o ( ! ,tohoku ,imp]ial ,univ]sity at ,sapporo1 ,japan1 writes z foll[s3 ,y wi% to "k ab\t ! *]ry /ocks us$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x is v r>e to use our common wild *]ry z a /ock = ,european *]ries4 ,9 ,hokkaido 7,yozo ,isl&71 we commonly use ! se$l+s ( ,european ,sweet & ,s\r ,*]ries z /ocks4 ,b 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,japan prop] 7,ma9 ,isl&71 x is a common practice to graft ,european *]ries on a special k9d ( our *]ry4 ,?is *]ry has p>ticul> *>act]s :i* fit x = propagation2 namely1 x roots v easily ei!r f cutt+s or by lay]+ 7m\nd74 ,its botanical position is n c]ta91 b x is probable t x is a cultural v>iety ( ,pseudoc]asus1 especially br$ = /ock purposes4 ,x is gr[n by nurs]ym5 only & call$ ,dai-,sakura4 7,dai means /ock3 ,sakura means *]ry47 ,x has a some:at dw>f+ influ5ce on cions & ha/5s _! fruit+ age4 ,?is /ock ought to be tri$ 9 ,am]ica if1 inde$1 x is n already "u cultivation f introductions made by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,^! are b a few ( _m *]ries t h be5 or might be tri$ z /ocks = or*>d v>ieties4 ,!re are _m species ( *]ries m closely relat$ to ! cultivat$ edible sorts ?an ! ,mahaleb4 ,_m ( ! *]ries f ,asia1 n n[ kn[n to gr[]s1 w ev5tually f9d _! way to ,am]ica2 a few h already be5 introduc$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture2 "s ( !m c und\bt$ly be us$ z /ocks & f !m we may hope to f9d a bett] /ock ?an ei!r ! ,mazz>d or ,mahaleb4 ,*]ries are n[ gr[n almo/ :olly z budd$ trees b !y c be m or less readily root-graft$1 dep5d+ ^u ! v>iety4 ,"u "s circum/ances x might be pr(itable to propagate !m by graft+4 ,usually x is necess>y to use a :ole root & to graft at ! cr[n ( ! /ock4 ,budd recomm5ds ?is practice = ,i[a1 us+ ,mazz>d /ock b ) ! expectation t ! cion w take root & ev5tually ! tree w /& on its own roots4#ec ,we _c believe1 h[ev]1 t graft+ c ev] take ! place ( budd+ z a nurs]y practice or t x c be pr(itably us$ except 9 v exceptional cases4 ,buds 9 propagat+ are usually tak5 f nurs]y /ock1 a practice ( decades1 & !re is no we>+ out ( v>ieties4 ,old v>ieties h lo/ none ( ! *>act]s accr$it$ to !m a c5tury1 or sev]al c5turies1 ago by pomological writ]s4 ,nor does x seem to matt]1 9 respect to tru5ess to type1 :e!r ! buds be tak5 f a vigor\s1 "y /ripl+1 a mature tree 9 ! heyday ( life or "s /ruggl+1 li*5-cov]$ anci5t--all alike reproduce ! v>iety4 ,! hypo!sis t fruit-trees deg5]ate or1 on ! o!r h&1 t !y may be improv$ by bud-selection1 f9ds no sub/antiation 9 ?is fruit4 ,!re seems to be no limit to ! numb] ( times its v>ieties c be propagat$ true to type f buds4 #dj ,v>ro 7,b4 ,c4 #aag-bg71 z we h se5 on page #dg1 tells :5 to graft *]ries & discusses ! process z if graft+ *]ries 7 a common op]ation4 #da ,9 ,! ,c\ntry-,man's ,new ,art ( ,plant+ & ,graft+1 writt5 by ,leon>d ,mascall1 #afeb1 ! writ] says1 ,s[] ,*]ries 444 w gr[ ( /ones1 b bett] x %all be to take ( ! small ,cions :i* d come f ! roots2 !n plant !m4 ,ye mu/ h respect unto ! ,healme ,*]ry1 a sweet *]ry ( ! "t :i* is graft on ! wild ,gomire ,mazz>d :i* is ano!r k9d ( great ,*]ry1 & :e!r y d prune !m or n1 x is n mat]iall2 = !y dure a long "t4 ,r4 ,a4 ,au/51 9 8 ,treatise ( ,fruit ,trees1 #afec1 writes1 ,conc]n+ ,/ocks fit = ,*]ry-trees1 ,i acc\nt ! black ,*]ry /ock 7,mazz>d7 ! be/ to graft any k9d ( ,*]ry ^u4 ,yet "s say ! r$ ,*]ry /ock is be/ = ,may-,*]ries4 ,b ! black ,*]ry /ocks are goodly /raight ,plants full ( sap & become great] trees ?an ! r$ ,*]ry trees4 ,john ,reid1 ,! ,scots ,g>d'n]1 #afhc1 writes1 ,dw>fe ,*]ries on ! ,morella1 or on ! common ,r$ ,*]rie4 ,or on t ,r$ ge5 :i* is m ,dw>ffi% ?an ! black4 ,john ,lawr5ce1 ,! ,cl]gyman's ,recreation1 #agad1 decl>$ t1 ,black ,*]ries 7,mazz>d7 are ! only ,/ocks1 :]eon to raise all1 ! sev]al sorts ( ,*]ries4 #db ,! practice ( graft+ & inoculat+ 9 ,am]ica is b ( mod]n date4 ,x 0 introduc$ by ,mr4 ,pr9ce1 a native ( ,new ,york1 :o erect$ a ,nurs]y 9 its neighborhood ab\t =ty ye>s ago4 ,b s9ce ! late ,am]ican revolution1 o!rs h be5 in/itut$ 9 ?is & "s o!r p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,mr4 ,liv+/on has lately e/abli%$ "o1 n f> f ! city ( ,new ,york1 :i* c vie ) "s ( ! mo/ celebrat$ ones 9 ,europe4 ,may he1 & o!rs1 :o h und]tak5 9 t useful bran* ( bus9ess1 meet ) enc\ragem5t & success4 ,no?+ 9 ! ext5sive field ( ,horticulture c af=d m agreeable amusem5t or yield m solid satisfaction & advantage4 ,=sy? on ,fruit ,trees1 ,albany1 ,n4 ,y41 #ahjc3bgh4 #dc ,! *]ry is propagat$ by budd+ & +raft+--f its disposition to ?r[ out gum f w\nds 9 ! vessels ( ! b>k1 ! =m] mode is mo/ g5]ally adopt$4 ,! he>t *]ries d n succe$ well on any b ! black ,maz>d /ocks1 b r\nd or duke *]ries d z well on ,morello /ocks1 :i* are (t5 pref]r$ f _! be+ less liable to ! cracks 9 ! b>k1 f fro/ & sun on ! s\?we/ side2 ?is injury may be almo/ effectually prev5t$ by plant+ on ! ea/ side ( bo>d f5ces or build+s1 or by fix+ an upright bo>d on ! s\?we/ side ( ea* tree 9 op5 situations4 ,! be/ /ocks are rais$ f /ones plant$ 9 ! nurs]y4 ,/ocks rais$ f suck]s ( old trees1 w always g5]ate suck]s1 :i* are injuri\s & v tr\blesome 9 g>d5s3 diseases ( old or worn out v>ieties1 are likewise p]petuat$ by ! use ( suck]s = /ocks4 ,coxe ,fruit ,trees #ahag3bec4 #dd ,! cultivat$ *]ry1 :5 re>$ f ! se$1 is mu* dispos$ to deviate f ! v>iety ( ! orig9al fruit1 &1 ( c\rse1 !y are propagat$ by budd+ or graft+ on *]ry /ocks3 budd+ is mo/ g5]ally pref]r$1 z ! tree is less apt to suff] f ooz+ ( ! gum ?an :5 graft$4 ,! /ocks are obta9$ by plant+ ! se$s 9 a nurs]y1 & ! se$l+s are aft]w>ds transplant$4 ,^? k9ds :i* are call$ he>t *]ries are said to succe$ be/ on ! black maz>d /ock2 b = ! r\nd k9d1 ! ,morello /ocks are pref]r$1 on acc\nt ( _! be+ ! lea/ subject to worms1 or to cracks 9 ! b>k1 f fro/ & heat ( ! sun4 ,?a*] ,am]ican ,or*>di/ #ahbb3bab4 #de ,s ! good species & _! v>ieties are p]petuat$ & multipli$ by graft+ ^u ! ,m]isi]1 ^u ! ,c]isi] ) r\nd fruit1 & ^u ! ,c]isi] de ,sa9te-,lucie ,mahaleb4 ,all ! ,c]isi]s succe$ well ^u ! ,m]isi] & x is ! only subject :i* is suit$ to ! high-head$ trees4 ,x has ! advantage ( n s5d+ =? any or v few suck]s4 ,! ,c]isi] de ,sa9te-,lucie has ! same advantage4 ,x receives v well ! graft ( all species ( *]ries & adapts itself to ! wor/ soils4 ,duhamel ,traite des ,arbres ,fruiti]s #a3aig4 #agfh4 #df ,v>ieties ( ! *]ry are cont9u$ by graft+ or budd+ on /ocks ( ! black or wild r$ *]ries1 :i* are /rong %oot]s1 & ( a long] duration ?an any ( ! g>d5 k9ds4 ,"s graft on ! ,morello = ! purpose ( dw>f+ ! tree1 & r5d]+ x m prolific2 b ! mo/ effectual dw>f+ /ock is ! mahaleb1 :i*1 h[ev]1 w n succe$ 9 ! g5]ality ( soils 9 ,brita94 ,dubreuil ( ,r\5 recomm5ds ! wild *]ry = clayey & light soils1 & ! mahaleb = soils ( a light1 s&y or *alky nature4 ,! /ones ( ! cultivat$ *]ry are commonly1 b improp]ly1 sub/itut$ = ^? ( ! wild sort1 z be+ m easily procur$4 ,l\don ,enc4 ( ,g>d4 #ahbd3ibd4 #dg ,:5 dw>f trees are requir$1 ! ,morello se$l+s are us$ z /ocks2 or :5 v dw>f trees are wi%$ ! ,p]fum$ ,*]ry1 7,c]asus ,mahaleb7 is employ$2 b z /&>ds are almo/ univ]sally pref]r$1 ^! are seldom se5 "h4 ,dw>fs 9 ! nurs]y mu/ be head$ back ! second ye>1 9 ord] to =m lat]al %oots ne> ! gr\nd4 ,d[n+ ,fruit ,trees ( ,am]ica #ahde3afd4 #dh ,! /ocks us$ = ?is purpose 7to dw>f *]ries7 are ! ,p]fum$ ,*]ry or ,prunus ,mahaleb1 :i* also possesses ! advantage ( fl\ri%+ on heavy clay gr\nd4 ,! grafts w usually gr[ q vigor\sly = two or ?ree seasons1 b !y soon =m dw>f1 prolific bu%es4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #ahdi3cea4 #di ,! pr9cipal /ocks us$ = ! *]ry are ! mazz>d = /&>d or*>d trees1 & ! mahaleb = g>d5 pyramids & dw>fs4 ,! ,mahaleb 7,c]asus mahaleb7 is a small tree ) glossy1 deep gre5 foliage4 ,! fruit is black1 ab\t ! size ( a m>r[-fat pea1 & q bitt]4 ,x blossoms & be>s fruit :5 ab\t ?ree ye>s old4 ,x is consid]ably cultivat$ 9 _m p>ts ( ,europe1 z an ornam5tal lawn tree4 ,!re are v few be>+ trees 9 ?is c\ntry yet2 consequ5tly ne>ly all ! /ocks us$ are import$1 or gr[n f import$ se$s4 ,b>ry ,! ,fruit ,g>d5 #ahea3aae1 #aag4 #ej ,dw>f ,trees4--,are produc$ by propagat+ ! ,sweet or ,duke v>ieties on ! ,mahaleb1 or ,morello roots4 ,!y %\ld 9 all cases be work$ j at ! cr[n ( ! root1 z x is !re a union is be/ =m$2 & also1 by means ( prun+1 7see page #cj7 !y %\ld be made to =m heads bran*+ imm$iately f ! gr\nd4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #ahed3ahe4 #ea ,i[a ,/a4 ,bul4 #aj3dbe4 #ahij4 #eb ,prunus virg9iana 0 us$ z a /ock 9 ,oregon 9 #ahej z !re 7 no o!r /ocks available4 ,! union 0 v good b ! /ock 0 condemn$ because ( suck]+4 ,se? ,lewell+ ,n4 ,w4 ,horticulturi/ ,nov4 #ahhg4 #ec ,i w "h say t "o ye> ) ano!r we succe$ z well 9 graft+ on ,mazz>d roots z we d ) pe> on pe> roots1 & ne>ly z well z ) apple on apple roots4 ,9 "s cases s9ce ! appe>ance ( ! graft-box fungus our success has be5 m complete ) ! *]ry ?an ) ! apple4 ,?is success is due to c>eful compliance ) two ma9 guid+ rules1 f\nd$ on ! nature ( *]ry wood3 7#a7 ,keep ! scions dry until us$4 ,if giv5 an opportunity !y w absorb wat] en\gh to />t ! buds & =m a callus at ! base4 ,9 ?is condition !y w fail to unite ) ! root4 7#b7 ,aft] graft+1 pack 9 boxes ) s& or moss & /ore 9 a root cave1 kept uni=mly cool by op5+ at night & keep+ clos$ dur+ ! day4 ,if ! buds />t prior to ! "t ( plant+ 9 nurs]y !y w usually fail to gr[4 ,x may prove useful to add1 t ! spr\ts f deeply set trees on ,mazz>d root w always be true to ! v>ieties plant$1 & ! surface roots c be utiliz$ = root cutt+s1 z not$ on a future page4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #aj3dbd4 #ahij4 ,,*]ry ,,climates ,,& ,,*]ry ,,soils ,climate & soil h be5 ! *ief det]m9ants ( location = *]ry-gr[+ 9 ,new ,york4 ,bo? ,sweet ,*]ries & ,s\r ,*]ries are pr(\ndly influ5c$ by ! natural environm5t 9 :i* !y are gr[n--,sweet ,*]ries r m s ?an any o!r fruit1 ei!r climate or soil dictat+ :e!r !y may or may n be gr[n4 ,! ,s\r ,*]ry is at home 9 a great v>iety ( climates1 ! vag>ies ( wea!r affect+ x b little4 ,x is probably ! h>die/ to cold1 9 "s ( its v>ieties at lea/1 ( all our tree fruits1 ?riv+ almo/ to ! ,arctic ,circle & f !re s\?w>d1 9 "s ( its =ms1 q to ! limits ( ! ,temp]ate ,zone4 ,! blossom+ season is relatively late s t fruit-sett+ is seldom prev5t$ by spr+ fro/s4 ,yet1 ev5 ) ?is h>dy fruit1 x is necess>y to take ?\ght ( heat & cold 9 gr[+ comm]cial crops2 = spr+ fro/s may )] ! bloom or summ] heat & w9d bla/ ! crop if ! or*>d site be n well select$ z reg>ds local wea!r4 ,! ,sweet ,*]ry1 on ! o!r h&1 mu/ be coddl$ 9 e turn ( ! season1 9 climatic requirem5ts be+ p>ticul>ly s5sitive to heat & cold4 ,?is *]ry /&s ) ! pea* 9 n be+ able to survive temp]atures mu* bel[ z]o & 9 suff]+ greatly f spr+ fro/s because ( e>ly bloom+4 ,x is ev5 m susceptible to heat ?an ! pea*1 & especially _c endure long-cont9u$ heat1 bo? fruit & foliage suff]+4 ,! ,sweet ,*]ry is at its be/ 9 a w>m1 sunny1 g5ial1 equable climate4 ,! ,duke *]ries1 hybrids betwe5 ! ,sweet & ! ,s\r species1 9 ! matt] ( h>d9ess are midway betwe5 ! h>dy ,s\rs & ! t5d] ,sweets ?\gh ?is is b a v g5]al /atem5t apply+ to ! gr\p z a :ole & n to individual v>ieties4 ,"s ( ^! )/& cold & heat well :ile o!rs are t5d] 9 ei!r extreme4 ,*]ries are m at ! m]cy ( moi/ure ?an ( temp]ature conditions4 ,cont9u$ ra9 at blossom+ "t w almo/ surely prev5t a prop] sett+ ( fruit2 & ! *]ries crack1 & br[n-rot becomes exce$+ly aggressive if !re is wet wea!r 9 h>ve/ "t4 ,late summ] ra9fall to supply moi/ure to ! trees is a matt] ( small conc]n to ! *]ry-gr[]1 = gr[? beg9s e>ly & ! crop is (f ! trees be=e summ] dr\ghts usually beg94 ,:]e irrigation is practic$ wat] = ! *]ry is safely suppli$ at mo/ seasons ( ! ye> except :5 h>ve/ is 9 sw+ at :i* "t ! *]ries w swell & crack if !re be too mu* wat]4 ,z ) all fruits ! direction1 temp]ature & humidity ( w9ds are factors :i* decree :e!r or n *]ries c be gr[n pr(itably ei!r 9 a locality or a region4 ,a pocket 9 ! hills fill$ ) dead air or a w9d-swept highl& w\ld be unsatisfactory extremes2 =1 9 ! fir/ case1 fungi1 especially ! dread$ br[n-rot1 w\ld take too great toll1 &1 9 ! second1 blossoms w\ld be bla/$ or foliage frazzl$ & ! fruit :ipp$4 ,! h>%1 dry+ w9ds ( w9t]1 too1 w\ld be disa/r\s to ,sweet ,*]ry culture & if extreme1 z on ! ,great ,pla9s1 wood & buds ( ,s\r ,*]ries w\ld suff]4 ,artificial w9d-breaks h n be5 f\nd pr(itable 9 ! hilly & wood$ ,ea/1 entail+ too _m disadvantages1 b if *]ries be plant$ at all 9 ! prairies ( ! ,middle ,we/1 "s protection f ! w9ds mu/ usually be provid$4 ,! two species f :i* cultivat$ *]ries come gr[ ) prop] vigor 9 q diff]5t soils4 ,! ,s\r ,*]ry & mo/ ( its hybrid (fspr+1 ! ,dukes1 may be made to gr[ 9 almo/ any arable soil1 b ! ,sweet ,*]ry is fa/idi\s--to be pleas$ only by p>ticul> soils4 ,s\r ,*]ry or*>ds 9 ,new ,york mo/ excel on /rong1 ev5-temp]$1 loamy soils1 naturally or artificially well dra9$ yet ret5tive ( moi/ure4 ,!re is possibly a %ade ( diff]5ce 9 favor ( clay loams & "s ?riv+ plantations may be f\nd on /iff clays hav+ good dep? & good dra9age4 ,wet1 /icky clays und]laid ) a cold1 clammy subsoil--a comb9ation all too common 9 ,c5tral ,new ,york--furni% conditions :i* defy ! be/ ( c>e & culture4 ,sweet ,*]ry or*>ds are f\nd excell+ on light]1 & less f]tile soils ?an ^? we h describ$ = ! gross] fe$+ ,s\rs4 ,gr[]s ( ,sweet ,*]ries conceive a p]fect soil = ?is fruit to be a naturally dry1 w>m1 deep1 free-work+1 gravelly or s&y loam4 ,if ! soil is n naturally dry1 x mu/ be made s by artificial dra9age1 = ?is fruit is mo/ impati5t ( too mu* moi/ure or a root-run re/rict$ by wat]4 ,9 ,sweet ,*]ry soils1 z w be surmis$1 x is difficult to supply humus yet ?is mu/ be done ei!r by cov] crops or by manure to make ! soil suffici5tly ret5tive ( moi/ure4 ,sweet ,*]ries c be gr[n on o!r soils ?an ^? "u discussion b1 = a l>ge1 firm1 f9ely f9i%$ product = ! m>kets1 only ! soils describ$ are suitable4 ,! conditions ( soil & climate1 z we h briefly def9$ !m1 t favor *]ry culture are to be f\nd 9 sev]al p>ts ( ,new ,york4 ,briefly we may "n & describe ! *]ry regions ( ! ,/ate z foll[s3 ,! undulat+1 m>itime pla9s ( ,long ,isl&1 cov]$ ) a ?ick deposit ( s&1 are v well adapt$ to *]ries :]e ! soil is ri* en\gh to come "u ! pl[4 ,! g5ial climate1 ) its r heavy ra9fall1 is precisely t 9 :i* ! *]ry ?rives1 ! region fall+ %ort 9 ! poorness ( ! soil--a fault easily rem$i$1 :]e !re is good bottom1 by manur+4 ,despite ! fact t occasional trees & plantations %[ t ?is fruit ?rives on ,long ,isl& ! *]ry is n mu* gr[n "h1 ! indu/ry ne$+ "s lead] to %[ ! way4 ,! valley ( ! ,hudson f :]e ! riv] leaves ! m\nta9s on ! nor? to its entrance into ! highl&s ( its l[] /ret* is admirably adapt$ to *]ry-gr[+1 bo? climate & soil meet+ ! requirem5ts ( ?is fruit4 ,9 p>ts ( ! valley ! indu/ry has be5 develop$1 ,columbia ,c\nty tak+ fir/ place among ! c\nties ( ! ,/ate1 ) its #gh1ebf trees 9 #aiji4 ,! product ( ?is region goes *iefly to ! great city m>ket ne> at h&4 ,un=tunately ! /&>d ( cultivation is l[ 9 ! ,hudson ,valley & ! h&l+ & m>ket+ ( ! crop is also on a l[] level ?an we/w>d 9 ! ,/ate4 ,! *]ry h>ve/ is e>li] "h ?an else:]e 9 ,new ,york1 if we except ! small crop ( ,long ,isl&1 an advantage1 = prices usually fall r ?an /iff5 z ! season advances4 ,! great bas9 9 :i* lie ! ,c5tral ,lakes ( ,new ,york is f> fam$ = its ,s\r ,*]ry indu/ry1 ! product go+ l>gely to cann]ies4 ,"s ,sweet ,*]ries are gr[n--m & m are be+ plant$--ab\t ^! lakes2 b ! ri*1 heavy soils :i* mo/ly prevail h]eab\ts are m fit = v>ieties ( ! ,s\r ,*]ry2 ?\gh ! equable climate makes almo/ c]ta9 ! ,sweet ,*]ry crop on soils suit$ to its culture4 ,"h1 z else:]e 9 ! ,/ate1 ! acreage at ?is writ+ is greatly on ! increase ?\gh x is d\btful if ! advance w mu* long] wea!r ! pres5t depression 9 prices4 ,all ?r\gh ?is region1 z 9 t to ! nor?1 ! ,sweet ,*]ry gr[s wild1 ?riv+ l ! ,biblical bay--seem+ly a %e] gift ( ! soil &1 l o!r gifts1 g5]ally neglect$4 ,! high pla9 along ! %ore ( ,lake ,ont>io f ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce ,riv] to ! ,niag>a ,riv]1 ext5d+ f ! lake on ! nor? f t5 to fifte5 miles inl&1 is ! region ( greate/ possibilities = ! *]ry 9 ,new ,york4 ,! climate ( ?is great /ret* ( t]ritory is ne>ly p]fect = ?is fruit & ! soils are suffici5tly div]sifi$ to furni% a suitable habitat = any ( ! _m v>ieties ( ei!r ,sweet or ,s\r *]ries4 ,9 ! pa/ !re h be5 s _m ups & d[ns 9 ! *]ry indu/ry t fruit-gr[]s 9 ?is favor$ belt h giv5 m att5tion to o!r fruits b = ! la/ decade1 until ! rec5t d[nw>d turn 9 ! *]ry m>ket1 ! plant+s h be5 greatly increas$1 bo? ,sweet & ,s\r *]ries f9d+ favor4 ,n unlike ! ,ont>io %ore 9 climate1 b q unlike x 9 its soils1 is ! %ore ( ,lake ,erie1 ! mo/ we/w>d topographical division ( ,new ,york 9 :i* *]ries are gr[n4 ,! ma9/ay ( ?is region is ! grape1 b1 9 seek+ = a m div]sifi$ agriculture1 ,s\r ,*]ry culture 0 introduc$ "s tw5ty ye>s ago & has become a ?riv+ indu/ry ) prospects ( cont9u$ gr[?4 ,"h1 z is s (t5 ! case 9 agriculture1 cr$it mu/ be giv5 to "s "o lead] = ! developm5t ( a crop & ! *]ry or*>ds t dot ! l&scape = miles ab\t ! home ( ! late ,john ,sp5c] speak eloqu5tly ( 8 lead]%ip 9 ?is region4 ,a necess>y accompanim5t to a discussion ( climate is a /atem5t ( ! dates ( bloom+ ( ! v>i\s sorts ( *]ries2 = (t51 ?r\gh selection ) ref]5ce to ?is life ev5t ( ! plant1 injuri\s climatal influ5ces may be escap$ at bloom+-"t4 ,9 ! accompany+ table av]ages ( ! bloom+ dates ( v>ieties ( *]ries = ! ye>s j pa/1 #aiab to #aiad1 are giv54 ,9 mak+ use ( ^! dates1 consid]ation mu/ be giv5 to ! environm5t ( ! or*>ds at ,g5eva4 ,! latitude ( ! ,smi? ,a/ronomical ,obs]vatory1 a qu>t] ( a mile f ! ,/ation or*>ds1 is #db #eb' #df4b2 ! altitude ( ! or*>ds is f five hundr$ to five hundr$ & tw5ty-five feet above ! sea level4 ,! soil is a /iff & r cold clay2 ! or*>ds lie ab\t a mile we/ ( ,s5eca ,lake1 a body ( wat] =ty miles 9 l5g? & f "o to ?ree & "o-half miles 9 wid? & m ?an six hundr$ feet deep4 ,! lake has froz5 ov] b a few times s9ce ! region 0 settl$1 ov] a hundr$ ye>s ago1 & has a v b5eficial influ5ce on ! adjac5t c\ntry 9 less5+ ! cold ( w9t] & ! heat ( summ] & 9 prev5t+ e>ly bloom+4 ,! dates are ^? ( full bloom4 ,!y 7 tak5 f trees gr[n "u normal conditions z to prun+1 di/ance ap>t1 & z to all o!r factors :i* might influ5ce ! bloom+ p]iod4 ,an inspection ( ! table %[s t !re is a v>iation ( sev]al days betwe5 ! "t ( full bloom ( ! diff]5t v>ieties ( ! same species4 ,^! diff]5ces c be utiliz$ 9 select+ sorts to avoid injury f fro/4 ,,table ,,%[+ ,,bloom+ ,,dates ,,& ,,season ,,( ,,rip5+ ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,bloom+ date ,season ( -------------------------------------- rip5+ ,may ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mid- #d #e #f #g #h #i #aj #aa #ab #ac #ad #ae #af #ag #ah;,e>lyseason,late ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,p4 avium ,b+ 99 99 ,black ,t>t>ian 99 99 ,cali=nia ,advance 99 99 ,c5t5nial 99 99 ,clevel& 99 99 ,coe 99 99 ,dikeman 99 99 ,d[n] 99 99 ,eagle 99 99 ,e>ly ,purple 99 99 ,elkhorn 99 99 ,elton 99 99 ,flor5ce 99 99 ,p4 avium ,ida 99 99 ,kirtl& 99 99 ,knight 99 99 ,lamaurie 99 99 ,lamb]t 99 99 ,lyons 99 99 ,m]c] 99 99 ,mezel 99 99 ,napoleon 99 99 ,republican 99 99 ,rockport 99 99 ,s*midt 99 99 ,sp>hawk 99 99 ,/u>t 99 99 ,w9dsor 99 99 ,wood 99 99 ,yell[ ,spani% 99 99 ,p4 c]asus ,b\rgueil 99 99 ,brussel] ,braune 99 99 ,c>nation 99 99 ,dyeh\se 99 99 ,e>ly ,morello 99 99 ,e>ly ,ri*mond 99 99 ,engli% ,morello 99 99 ,george ,glass 99 99 ,he>t-,%ap$ ,wei*sel 99 99 ,k+ ,am>elle 99 99 ,l>ge ,montmor5cy 99 99 ,l\is ,philippe 99 99 ,magnifique 99 99 ,montmor5cy 99 99 ,olivet 99 99 ,o/heim 99 99 ,sklanka 99 99 ,spte ,am>elle 99 99 ,suda 99 99 ,timme 99 99 ,vladimir 99 99 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus ,abbesse d',oignies 99 99 ,d\ble ,natte 99 99 ,empress ,eug5ie 99 99 ,late ,duke 99 99 ,may ,duke 99 99 ,n\velle ,royale 99 99 ,re9e ,hort5se 99 99 ,royal ,duke 99 99 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,,! ,,poll9ation ,,( ,,*]ries ,we _c compla9 9 ,new ,york ( mu* unc]ta9ty 9 ! sett+ ( ! *]ry crop4 ,late spr+ fro/s occasionally cat* ! blossoms ( ,sweet v>ieties b seldom ^? ( ! ,s\r sorts4 ,cold wea!r1 especially if accompani$ by wet wea!r1 n unfrequ5tly cuts %ort ! *]ry crop by prev5t+ prop] sett+4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no g5]al compla9t ( poor crops ?r\gh self-/]ility4 ,9 fact f ! behavior ( p]fectly isolat$ trees 9 all p>ts ( ! ,/ate x w\ld be premis$ t ! *]ry is mo/ ne>ly self-f]tile ( all tree-fruits4 ,yet !re may be or*>ds or seasons 9 :i* cross-poll9ation cuts a figure1 = ,g>dn]#ed1 ( ! ,oregon ,/ation1 f\nd 9 exp]im5ts c>ri$ on by him 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,oregon t _m v>ieties ( ,sweet ,*]ries 9 ! ,pacific ,coa/ environm5t are self-/]ile4 ,! "w seems to h be5 v c>efully done & ! conclusions are wor? repr9t+ 9 full1 be>+ 9 m9d t !y w\ld be mu* modifi$ "u ,new ,york conditions4 ,g>d5] f\nd3 #a4 ,all ! v>ieties ( ! ,sweet ,*]ry te/$ are self-/]ile4 ,?is self-/]ility is 9 no case due to a lack ( g]m9ability ( ! poll5 produc$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! poll5 ( ea* ( ! v>ieties /udi$ is capable ( produc+ a set ( fruit on ! v>iety or v>ieties ) :i* x is int]-f]tile4 ,! li/ includes ,b+1 ,black ,republican1 ,black ,t>t>ian1 ,coe1 ,e>ly ,purple1 ,elton1 ,knight1 ,lamb]t1 ,major ,francis1 ,may ,duke1 ,napoleon1 ,rockport1 ,wat]h\se1 ,willamette1 ,w9dsor1 ,wood4 #b4 ,c]ta9 ( ^! v>ieties--,b+1 ,lamb]t1 & ,napoleon are m5tion$ especially--are int]-/]ile4 ,mix$ plant+s ( ^! ?ree v>ieties _c be expect$ to set fruit unless ! trees are )9 ! range ( influ5ce ( "s o!r v>iety or v>ieties t are int]-f]tile ) !m4 #c4 ,among ^? /udi$1 ,black ,republican1 ,black ,t>t>ian1 & ,wat]h\se seem to be ! mo/ effici5t poll5iz]s = ?is gr\p ( v>ieties4 #d4 ,o!r good poll5iz]s t may be m5tion$ are3 ,elton1 ,wood1 ,coe1 ,major ,francis1 ,e>ly ,purple4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 prov$ some:at v>iable 9 _! poll5iz+ abilities4 #e4 ,"s ( ! se$l+ trees f\nd 9 & ab\t *]ry or*>ds are effici5t poll5iz]s = ! ?ree v>ieties--,b+1 ,lamb]t1 ,napoleon4 ,probably _m ( ^! se$l+ trees are effici5t poll5iz]s1 ?\gh ! value ( any p>ticul> se$l+ c be det]m9$ only by exp]im5t or v c>eful obs]vation4 #f4 ,at lea/ "s memb]s ( ! ,duke gr\p ( *]ries are capable ( poll9at+ "s ( ! ,big>reaus4 #g4 ,at lea/ "s ( ! v>ieties ( ! ,s\r ,*]ry 7,p4 c]asus7 are capable ( poll9at+ "s ( ! ,big>reaus4 #h4 ,int]-/]ility ( ,sweet ,*]ry v>ieties is app>5tly n correlat$ ) _! clos5ess ( relation%ip4 #i4 ,! ability ( a v>iety ( *]ry to set fruit is n entirely dep5d5t ^u ! k9d ( poll5 available4 ,environm5tal factors are important4 ,x is d\btful if ,new ,york *]ry-gr[]s w ne$ to pay mu* att5tion to cross-poll9ation b1 9 case *]ry trees are n sett+ full crops1 & = no o!r app>5t reason1 ! f]tility ( ! blossoms may well receive att5tion4 ,%\ld v>ieties be f\nd self-/]ile1 sorts mu/ be *os5 :i* come into blossom at ! same "t1 9 :i* case ! prec$+ table %[s ! sorts :i* bloom toge!r or ne>ly en\gh s to make cross-poll9ation possible4 #ed ,g>dn]1 ,v4 ,r4 ,poll9ation ( ! ,sweet ,*]ry1 ,ore4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #aaf3cf4 #aiac ,,*]ry ,,or*>ds ,,& ,,_! ,,c>e ,x is pat5t to ! eye ( e pass]-by t *]ry trees are commonly set too ?ickly 9 mo/ ( ! or*>ds 9 ,new ,york4 ,:ile close plant+ is a univ]sal fault1 ! am\nt ( room diff]s greatly 9 diff]5t *]ry c5t]s1 dep5d+ mo/ly ^u ! cu/om 9 ! community1 ?\gh1 z all confess1 x %\ld dep5d ^u ! v>iety & ! soil4 ,! v errone\s notion seems to h prevail$ 9 sett+ ! plantations n[ rea*+ maturity t a l>ge return c\ld be skimm$ f a small area by close sett+1 ,s\r ,*]ries (t5 be+ put only twelve feet ap>t ea* way & ,sweet ,*]ries1 consid]+ _! great size1 ev5 clos]1 at sixte5 feet4 ,exp]i5c$ gr[]s n[ put su* dw>f k9ds z ! ,morellos at f sixte5 to eighte51 ! ,montmor5cies & _! k9d at eighte5 to tw5ty-two2 & ! l>ge gr[+ ,sweet ,*]ries at f tw5ty-f\r to ?irty feet4 ,*]ries are usually plant$ two ye>s f ! bud4 ,spr+ is ! season = sett+1 ?\gh ! h>dy ,s\r sorts might (t5 be set advantage\sly 9 late autumn4 ,! losses at sett+ "t are great] ) ! *]ry ?an ) any o!r fruit1 old h&s 9 fruit-gr[+ los+ trees z well z beg9n]s4 ,an exp]im5t at ! ,/ation %[s t ^! losses are greatly mitigat$ by a *ange 9 ! usual me?od ( transplant+4 ,! cu/om is to %ort5-9 all bran*es ( transplant$ fruit-trees b ?is1 ) ! *]ry 9 p>ticul>1 removes ! l>ge/ & presumably ! be/ n\ri%$ buds--c]ta9ly ^? f :i* w\ld soone/ develop ! leaves s necess>y to su/a9 ! brea? ( life 9 ! "y plant & to give x a />t4 ,9 ! exp]im5t at ?is ,/ation x 0 f\nd t1 if ! top ( ! "y tree 0 r$uc$ by ?9n+ ! bran*es in/ead ( cutt+ all back1 a mu* l>g] proportion ( ! trees w\ld /rike root & live ?r\gh our p>*+ summ]s4 ,*]ry trees 9 ! pa/ h be5 head$ ?ree or f\r feet above ! gr\nd b 9 new plantations !y are n[ usually />t$ l[]--at half ( ! above di/ances4 ,two =ms ( top are 9 vogue1 ! spire-%ape & ! vase-%ape4 ,s\r ,*]ries are almo/ univ]sally gr[n ) clos$ c5t]s b "s gr[]s pref] ! =m ( ! vase = ,sweet v>ieties1 ?\gh ! majority hold to trees ) c5tral trunks & _m subsidi>y bran*es4 ,little prun+ is done 9 *]ry or*>ds aft] ! fir/ two or ?ree ye>s1 by :i* "t ! sapl+ has be5 %ap$4 ,subsequ5t prun+ consi/s 9 remov+ dead1 injur$ or cr[d$ bran*es & an occasional sup]flu\s "o4 ,head+-9 f9ds little favor ) exp]i5c$ gr[]s4 ,^! few /atem5ts indicate t ! *]ry1 z n[ gr[n1 is prun$ b little1 & t t little mu/ be done v c>efully1 ! prun+ knife 9 ! h&s ( a c>eless man be+1 ) ?is fruit1 a sword 9 ! h&s ( a *ild4 ,! g5]al tun+-up 9 ! cultivation ( fruits dur+ ! pa/ qu>t]-c5tury has _h its influ5ce on *]ry culture4 ,comm]cial or*>ds are no long] kept 9 sod & ! clean1 purposeful cultivation t has tak5 ! place ( grass has d\bl$ ! output ( *]ries1 tree = tree1 ?r\gh\t ! ,/ate1 ! diff]5ce 9 yield be+ especially noticeable 9 seasons :5 dr\ght lies heavy on ! l&4 ,cultivation1 z practic$ by ! be/ gr[]s1 consi/s ( pl[+ ! l& 9 ! spr+ & !n frequ5tly /irr+ ! soil until ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 at :i* "t a cov]-crop is s[n4 ,if ! soil is light1 & !re=e hungry & ?ir/y1 ! pl[+ %\ld be done e>ly & ! cultivator kept con/antly at "w until *]ry-pick+4 ,*]ry or*>ds (t51 )\t app>5t cause1 h an indef9able air ( malaise--look d+y & unhappy--su* require almo/ week-to-week cultivation to tide !m ov] _! p]iod ( indisposition4 ,gra91 z well z grass1 is disc\nt5anc$ 9 *]ry or*>ds1 b cultivat$ truck & f>m crops 9 "y plantations1 or1 "u "s conditions1 small fruits1 are look$ ^u z p]missible & (t5 pay = ! keep ( ! "y trees until !y come into pr(itable be>+4 ,cov]-crops are 9 common vogue 9 *]ry or*>ds 9 ,new ,york &1 s9ce ) ?is fruit !y c be s[n e>li] 9 ! season1 are us$ to bett] advantage ?an 9 o!r or*>ds to furni% a full supply ( humus & to provide nitrog54 ,br[n-rot1 an annual sc\rge 9 mo/ *]ry or*>ds1 takes less toll f trees cultivat$ & cov]-cropp$1 ^! op]ations cov]+ ! mummi$ fruits & keep+ ! spores !y c>ry f com+ to light & life4 ,*]ry gr[]s z a rule are n n[ us+ f]tiliz]s = _! crops4 ,x w\ld seem t ?is is n do+ duty by ! l&2 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! *]ry gr[s vigor\sly & t ov]-fe$+ may /imulate ! gr[? too mu*1 lay+ ! or*>d op5 n only to unfruitfulness b to w9t] injury ( bud & tree4 ,among ^? :o use f]tiliz]s !re is little accord z to :at f]tiliz+ comp\nds are be/ or z to :at ! results h be54 ,!re is common agreem5t1 h[ev]1 t ,s\r ,*]ries respond m g5]ally to f]tiliz]s ?an ! ,sweet sorts4 ,until !re are c>efully c>ri$ out f]tiliz] exp]im5ts ) ?is fruit ! vexati\s problems ( f]tilization _c be solv$4 ,nitrate ( soda seems to be a great rejuv5ator 9 or*>ds laid d[n to grass4 ,:atev] ! cause1 :5 leaves lack color & hang limp1 ?is f]tiliz] is a sov]eign tonic4 ,heavy dress+s ( /able manure are mu* us$ 9 grass$-ov] or*>ds1 z !y are1 also1 9 su* z h _h none or b scant crops4 ,,! ,,comm]cial ,,/atus ,,( ,,*]ry-,,gr[+ ,,9 ,,new ,,york ,*]ry gr[+ is a speciali/'s bus9ess 9 :i*1 "u ! be/ ( conditions1 !re are m ups & d[ns ?an ) o!r fruits4 ,because ( ! great pr(its t h come to a few 9 ! ye>s j pa/ _m gr[]s h be5 drawn into ! bus9ess 9 a small way or h plant$ an acreage beyond _! means to manage4 ,! inevitable depression t foll[s ov]-plant+ is1 at ?is writ+1 at h& & spells ru9 to "s & disgu/ & disc\ragem5t 9 ! indu/ry to o!rs4 ,p]haps no fruit c bett] be left to m5 ( res]ve capital ?an ! *]ry1 & ev5 ) m5 ( sub/ance *]ry-gr[+ %\ld l>gely be incid5tal to ! culture ( o!r fruits--an indu/ry to fit 9 to keep l&1 labor & ma*9]y employ$4 ,*]ry trees beg9 to be> 9 ! climate ( ,new ,york :5 set f ?ree to five ye>s4 ,! v>ieties ( ,prunus c]asus fir/ produce pr(itable crops b1 at f six to eight ye>s f sett+1 bo? ,sweet & ,s\r sorts are 9 full sw+ z money-mak+ crops4 ,! limits ( pr(itable age are n set by ! life ( ! tree b1 r1 by its size4 ,?us1 *]ry trees ( ei!r ( ! species commonly cultivat$ are n infrequ5tly c5t5>ians b ! pr(itable age ( an or*>d is n (t5 m ?an f ?irty to =ty ye>s4 ,aft] ?is "t ! trees become l>ge & ! exp5se ( c>+ = !m & ( pick+ ! fruit becomes s great z to prev5t pr(its4 ,moreov]1 disease1 injuries & inevitable accid5ts w h ?9n$ ! ranks ( trees until ! or*>d is bel[ pr(it-mak+4 ,*]ry-pick+ beg9s 9 ,new ,york ab\t ! fir/ ( ,july1 foll[+ ! ru% 9 h>ve/+ /rawb]ries1 & la/s1 if ! or*>d conta9s bo? ,sweet & ,s\r v>ieties1 f f\r to six weeks4 ,work]s may 9 ?is way fill 9 a gap betwe5 small-fruits & o!r tree-fruits & ! crop becomes "o 9 :i* ! gr[] may (t5 take small pr(its to keep 8 help employ$2 ?\gh1 9 ! long run1 if ! m or less frequ5t depressions c be wea!r$1 ! *]ry may prove z pr(itable z o!r fruits4 ,! problem ( labor is a mo/ vexati\s "o "u pres5t conditions1 x be+ impossible to obta9 casual m5 labor]s = *]ry-pick+ & wom5 & *ildr5 are unsatisfactory1 s9ce ! fruit mu/ be c>efully pick$ or bo? *]ries & trees suff]4 ,! problem is solv$1 unsatisfactorily 9 mo/ cases1 9 v>i\s ways by diff]5t gr[]s4 ,mo/ ( ! crop is n[ pick$ by *ildr5 9 ! te5s "u ! eyes ( m5 or wom5 sup]visors4 ,9 pick+ = ! m>ket ! /em is left on & only ! /em is t\*$ by ! f+]s4 ,*]ries = cann+ factories are less labori\sly pick$4 ,! pick+ package is usually an eight-p\nd basket4 ,! rate paid is "o c5t p] p\nd4 ,pick]s e>n #a4ej to #b4jj p] day 9 good seasons4 ,close wat* is kept on pick]s to prev5t ! break+ (f ( fruit-spurs1 !reby de/roy+ ! succe$+ ye>'s crop1 v>ieties fruit+ 9 clu/]s suff]+ especially f c>elessness 9 ?is respect4 ,*]ries are pick$ a few days be=e full rip5ess4 ,*]ries are s5t to cann]ies 9 v>i\s packages b *iefly 9 half-bu%el baskets or pap]-l9$ bu%el crates1 ! conta9] be+ (t5 suppli$ by ! cann]y4 ,! six- & eight-p\nd baskets are ! favor$ receptacles = ,s\r ,*]ries 9 city m>kets b ! ,sweet sorts are r (t5] s5t 9 f\r-p\nd baskets & /ill m frequ5tly 9 qu>t boxes4 ,9 ! l>g] packages n mu* ef=t is made to make ! fruit attractive b 9 ! small] ones1 /emless & bruis$ *]ries are ?r[n out & ! package fill$1 /em d[n1 ) ! be/ fruits4 ,9 fancy grades all ( ! fruit 9 ! box is lay]$4 ,! dem&s ( ! m>ket1 ( c\rse1 det]m9e ! package & ! mann] ( pack+4 ,*]ries are seldom /or$ long] ?an a few days at mo/ 9 common /orage & a week or two weeks 9 cold /orage4 ,!re is a m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! %ipp+ & keep+ qualities ( v>ieties ( *]ries1 ! sorts t keep longe/ & %ip be/1 q at ! exp5se ( quality1 hav+ ! call ( ! m>kets4 ,und\bt$ly ?is mu/ rema9 s1 ?\gh x is to be desir$ t local m>kets1 at lea/1 be suppli$ ) ! be/1 irrespective ( h&l+ qualities4 ,a fur!r factor t prev5ts ! plac+ ( *oicely good *]ries 9 di/ant m>kets at all times is br[n-rot1 to be discuss$ lat]1 :i* m (t5 attacks ! juicy & usually ! be/-flavor$ v>ieties1 (t5times ru9+ ! pack on ! way to m>ket--"o ( ! mo/ disc\rag+ ev5ts incid5tal to *]ry-gr[+4 ,m>ket+ ma*9]y = *]ries is at pres5t v co/ly1 inadequate & frequ5tly sadly out ( ge>4 ,! fruit passes fir/ f ! gr[] to a local buy] :o %ips to a c5t] ( consumption1 transportation companies tak+ heavy toll on ! way4 ,jobb]s or commission companies1 :o 9 "s cases receive ! fruit direct f ! gr[]1 !n di/ribute ! crop to retail]s 9 ! consum+ c5t]s4 ,la/ly1 ! retail] p>cels out ! quantities & ! qualities dem&$ by ! h\sewife4 ,! :ole bus9ess ( sell+ ! crop is speculative & ! gr[] is =tunate to receive half ( :at ! consum] pays & n infrequ5tly has all ( 8 pa9s = no?+ or may ev5 be =c$ to dip into 8 pocket = transportation4 ,! p]i%abl5ess ( ! product & ! pres5t defects ( di/ribution g f> to make ! crop ! haz>d\s "o x is b all look =w>d to bett] times com+ "u an improv$ sy/em ( m>ket+4 ,up to ! pres5t1 x mu/ be said1 b little ef=t has be5 made 9 ,new ,york to %ip f> & to develop a trade 9 *]ries o!r ?an at ! cann]ies4 ,! cann]s h until ! la/ ye> or two tak5 ! cream ( ! crop b ) rec5t greatly increas$ plant+s are n[ ov]-suppli$4 ,! av]age gr[]1 possess+ a mixture ( m5tal in]tia & bus9ess caution1 has n s\ght o!r s\rces = ! surplus fruit4 ,bold] & m en]getic spirits are n[ develop+ new m>kets & op5+ up ^? to :i* o!r tree-fruits m g5]ally g s t ! pres5t ov]-production may prove a bless+ 9 disguise4 ,! greatly increas$ dem&1 = ,s\r ,*]ries 9 p>ticul>1 br\ght ab\t by ! developm5t ( m>kets 9 #aiac-ad1 are mo/ hopeful signs = ! future ( ! *]ry indu/ry4 ,,*]ry ,,diseases ,*]ries1 )\t prev5tive or rem$ial int]v5tion1 are at ! m]cy ( two or ?ree fungus diseases & sometimes sev]al o!rs are virul5t1 dep5d+ ^u locality1 season1 wea!r & v>iety4 ,"o ( ^! diseases1 br[n-rot1 9 spite ( ! great advances 9 plant pa?ology ( rec5t ye>s1 is almo/ beyond ! control ( prev5tive or rem$ial measures4 ,happily1 all ! o!rs yield bett] to treatm5t4 ,br[n-rot#ee 7,scl]ot9ia fructig5a 7,p]soon7 ,s*roet]71 sometimes kn[n z fruit-mold or ripe-rot1 v frequ5tly attacks fl[]s & %oots b is mo/ conspicu\s on ! ripe or rip5+ *]ries :]e its pres5ce is quickly detect$ by a d>k discoloration ( ! sk9 :i* is aft]w>ds p>tly or :olly cov]$ ) pu/ule-l aggregations ( gray spores4 ,! decay$ fruits usually fall to ! gr\nd b sometimes hang to ! tree1 becom+ %rivel$ mummies1 ea* mummy be+ a /oreh\se ( fungus ?reads & spores f :i* infe/ation spreads to ! next crop4 ,! disease1 9 "s seasons1 l a )]+ blight1 attacks twigs1 fl[]s & leaves e>ly 9 ! spr+ do+ great damage to ! "y gr[? & (t5 :olly prev5t+ ! sett+ ( fruit4 ,! rot spreads ) surpris+ rapidity on ! fruits 9 w>m1 damp wea!r ei!r be=e ! fruit is pick$ or 9 baskets :ile be+ %ipp$ or /or$4 ,prev5tive rem$ies h s f> met ) b indiff]5t success2 probably ! be/ me?od ( control is to de/roy ! mummy-l fruits & all o!r s\rces ( infection ei!r by pick+ !m f ! trees1 or mu* bett] by pl[+ !m "u deeply4 ,v>ieties ( *]ries %[ v>i\s degrees ( susceptibility to br[n-rot4 ,all ,sweet ,*]ries are m subject to ! disease ?an ! ,s\r sorts4 ,b ) ei!r ( ! two species !re are great v>iations 9 ! susceptibility ( ! v>ietal ho/s--a matt] specially not$ 9 a lat] *apt] 9 ! discussion ( v>ieties4 ,ano!r s]i\s disease ( ! *]ry1 & probably ! mo/ /rik+ "o 9 appe>ance1 is ! black-knot#ef 7,pl[rightia morbosa 7,s*we9itz7 ,sacc>do71 *>act]iz$ by w>t-l excresc5ces on %oots & bran*es4 ,black-knot looks m l ! "w ( an insect ?an a fungus & 0 long suppos$ to be su* ev5 by ^? :o 7 /udy+ ! tr\ble4 ,! knots beg9 to =m e>ly 9 ! summ] & are ( *>act]i/ic color & texture--d>k gre51 s(t & velvety1 b 9 ! fall1 z ! fungus rip5s1 ! color *anges to coal-black & ! knots become h>d & m or less brittle4 ,! excresc5ces usually =m on "o side ( a twig or bran* s t dea? seldom foll[s quickly4 ,! disease attacks bo? wild & cultivat$ plants 9 e "p ( ?is cont95t :]e *]ries are gr[n b is epidemic only 9 ! ,ea/1 ! *]ry regions ( ! ,we/ be+ practically free f ! disease4 ,up to ! pres5t "t ! fungus has n be5 f\nd else:]e ?an 9 ,am]ica4 ,happily1 black-knot may be controll$ by cutt+ out ! diseas$ wood4 ,to completely eradicate ! fungus1 if x is especially virul5t1 h[ev]1 ! or*>d mu/ be gone ov] sev]al times dur+ a season4 ,9 ,new ,york ! removal ( black-knot is ord]$ by law1 ! results %[+ t :5 ! law is obey$1 especially if !re be he>ty co-op]ation among gr[]s1 eradication is usually possible4 ,sweet ,*]ries are mu* less attack$ by black-knot ?an ! ,s\r sorts b ! diff]5ces 9 immunity betwe5 v>ieties 9 ei!r ( ! two species are n v m>k$--at lea/ su* is ! case on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation :]e ! disease is always pres5t & is (t5 v preval5t4 ,exoascus c]asi ,fuckel#eg is ! cause ( a v /rik+ de=mity ( ! *]ry 9 ,europe1 bo? ,prunus avium & ,prunus c]asus be+ attack$4 ,! disease has be5 report$ 9 ,am]ica b has n yet become virul5t4 ,! fungus attacks ! bran*es1 caus+ a clu/]+ ( ! twigs 9 ! =m ( a broom1 giv+ x ! "n wit*es' broom4 ,! leaves on ! diseas$ twigs usually take on a cr9kl$ %ape & a r$di% color4 ,! malady may be readily prev5t$ by ! de/ruction ( affect$ bran*es4 ,9 common ) o!r species ( ,prunus ! foliage ( *]ries is attack$ by sev]al fungi :i* produce diseas$ spots on ! leaves1 ! dead areas usually dropp+ out leav+ holes z if punctur$ by %ot4 ,?us we h %ot-hole fungus1 leaf-spot & leaf-blight z effects ( ^! diseases4 ,?ree fungi are 9 ! ma9 responsible = ^! leaf tr\bles2 ^! are ,cyl9drosporium padi ,k>/51#eh ,mycosphrella c]asella ,ad]hold#ei & ,c]cospora circumscissa#fj ,sacc>do4 ,! ravages ( ^! fungi are prev5t$ by ! prop] use ( bordeaux mixture & lime & sulphur1 rem$ies :i*1 h[ev]1 mu/ be us$ ) "s c>e to avoid spray injury4 ,) ^!1 z ) o!r fungi1 cultivation has a salut>y effect z x de/roys diseas$ leaves :i* h>bor ! fungi dur+ _! re/+ p]iod4 ,*]ry leaves are (t5 cov]$ ) a grayi% p[d] :i* 9 sev]e cases causes !m to curl & cr9kle & sometimes to drop4 ,?is p[d]y sub/ance consi/s ( ! spore-be>+ organs ( a mildew#fa 7,podosphra oxyacan? ,de ,b>y74 ,p[d]y mildew is mu* m common on nurs]y /ock ?an on fruit+ trees & 9 ,new ,york is a s]i\s pe/ on "y *]ry trees4 ,9 ! nurs]y1 injury may be prev5t$ by ! use ( copp] sprays or lime & sulphur1 ei!r ( :i* is also an effici5t prev5tive 9 ! or*>d b ! mildew is seldom preval5t en\gh on or*>d plants to require treatm5t4 ,:]ev] *]ries are gr[n 9 ei!r ! nurs]y or or*>d1 cr[n gall#fb 7,bact]ium tumefaci5s ,smi? & ,t[ns5d7 has obta9$ a foot+4 ,9 ! ,nor? at lea/1 x seldom greatly injures old trees1 b if ! galls girdle a nurs]y plant s]i\s injury results4 ,!re=e1 badly infect$ "y trees %[+ galls %\ld n be plant$4 ,h[ev]1 b little h>m is liable to result "u mo/ conditions4 ,:5 infect$ plants h be5 plant$ x has be5 f\nd t galls v>y greatly 9 duration1 sometimes disappe>+ )9 a ye> or two & at o!r times p]si/+ indef9itely4 ,! tumor-l /ructures are usually at ! coll> ( ! plant & v>y f ! size ( a pea to t ( a man's fi/1 =m+ at maturity r\gh1 knotty1 d>k-color$ masses4 ,nei!r prev5tion nor cure has be5 discov]$1 ?\gh x is kn[n t soils may be inoculat$ ) ! disease f infect$ /ock & t1 !re=e1 diseas$ trees %\ld n be plant$ 9 soils virg9 to ! galls4 ,x is probable t !re are diff]5ces 9 ! susceptibility ( ,sweet & ,s\r *]ries to ! fungus & t ! v>ieties ( ! two species v>y 9 _! resi/ance b z yet no "o seems to h report$ on ! diff]5ces 9 susceptibility ( *]ries to ! disease4 ,! leaf-ru/#fc 7,pucc9ia pruni-sp9os ,p]soon7 ( /one-fruits1 occurr+ r>ely on ! fruit1 sometimes attacks cultivat$ *]ries & is a r common disease ( ! wild ,prunus s]ot9a4 ,?is ru/ is tr\blesome only1 h[ev]1 9 w>m1 moi/ climates4 ,x is mo/ app>5t 9 ! fall & is easily recogniz$ ?r\gh its num]\s ru/-color$ sori on ! und]side ( ! leaves4 ,defoliation takes place 9 sev]e infe/ations4 ,ei!r bordeaux mixture or lime & sulphur may be us$ z a prev5tive4 ,old *]ry trees are (t5 attack$ by a fle%y fungus or toad/ool#fd 7,polyporus sulphureus 7,bulli>d7 ,fries74 ,?is fungus is said to be _w-wide 9 its di/ribution & to occur ^u a l>ge v>iety ( trees4 ,x is v /rik+ 9 appe>ance1 ! clu/]s appe>+ dur+ late summ] or e>ly autumn 9 l>ge1 %elv+ bran*es1 ! sporophores fle%y & ( *eese-l consi/5cy :5 "y b becom+ h>d & woody ) age4 ,at fir/ ! toad/ools are all yell[ b lat] only ! "u surfaces are yell[ :ile ! upp] surface is orange-r$4 ,! plants are m or less odorif]\s1 ! odor increas+ ) age4 ,happily1 ! fungus is n v virul5t b is (t5 ! cause ( decay 9 ! tree-trunk--! br[n-rot ( ! wood ( ?is & o!r or*>d & =e/ plants4 ,9 localities :]e ! fungus ?rives x may usually be controll$ by cov]+ all w\nds ) t> or o!r antiseptic mat]ials4 ,at lea/ two o!r fle%y fungi h be5 f\nd injur+ *]ries4 ,^! are ,clitocybe p>asitica ,wilcox#fe & ,armill>ia mellea ,vahl41#ff ! latt] ! honey ag>ic1 m or less abundant 9 bo? ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,bo? are associat$ ) & are probably a cause ( ! root-rot ( ! *]ry & o!r or*>d fruits4 ,nei!r is a common en\gh pe/ 9 ?is c\ntry1 h[ev]1 to receive ext5sive description 9 texts on diseases ( plants4 ,control measures are diff]5t 9 localities :]e fungi occur1 consi/+ 9 ! ma9 ( gett+ rid ( /umps & roots 9 or*>d l&s & plant+ to field crops be=e us+ = or*>d purposes4 ,infect$ trees %\ld be remov$ or isolat$ by tr5*+ ab\t !m4 ,all /one-fruits suff] m or less f an excessive fl[ ( gum4 ,! "n gummosis#fg is g5]ally appli$ to ^! tr\bles4 ,gumm+ is mu* m preval5t 9 ! f> ,we/ ?an 9 ! ,ea/ b is to be f\nd :]ev] /one-fruits are gr[n4 ,?is excessive gumm+ is a second>y effect ( injuries caus$ by fungi1 bact]ia1 insects1 fro/1 sunscald1 & me*anical ag5cies4 ,!re is a good deal ( diff]5ce 9 ! susceptibilities ( v>ieties & species to ?is tr\ble1 ! ,sweet ,*]ry suff]+ mu* m ?an ! ,s\r sorts & v>ieties ( o!r species hav+ h>d wood suff]+ less ?an ^? hav+ s(t] wood4 ,!re is less gummosis1 too1 on trees 9 soils favor+ ! maturity ( wood2 "u conditions :]e sun & fro/ are n injuri\s2 &1 obvi\sly1 9 or*>ds :]e by good c>e ! prim>y causes ( ! diseases are kept out4 ,a numb] ( diseases ( ! trunk arise f me*anical injuries f w9d1 sun1 fro/ & hail4 ,few1 inde$1 are ! fruit-gr[]s ^: trees are n occasionally damag$ 9 "o way or ano!r 9 ! vicissitudes ( a try+ climate4 ,v (t5 ^! me*anical injuries are foll[$ by fungal p>asites or insects s z to make x difficult to di/+ui% ! prim>y f ! second>y tr\ble4 ,!re is a wide diff]5ce 9 ! susceptibility ( ,prunus avium & ,prunus c]asus to su* injuries1 ! ,sweet ,*]ry1 ) its s(t] wood1 be+ mu* m easily injur$ by any & all /resses ( wea!r ?an ! ,s\r ,*]ry4 ,9 ! ma9 ! elem5ts _c be combat$ b l[ head+ ( ! trees is a prev5tive f sunscald1 at lea/1 & sometimes may h a favorable effect 9 prev5t+ w9d & fro/ injuries4 #ee ,smi?1 ,e4 ,f4 ,pea* ,rot & ,pea* ,blight1 ,j\rn4 ,myc4 #e3abc-acd4 #ahhi4 ,qua9tance1 ,a4 ,l4 ,! ,br[n ,rot1 etc41 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ej3bcg-bfi1 figs4 #a-i4 #aijj4 #ef ,f>l[1 ,w4 ,g4 ,! ,black ,knot1 ,bullet9 ,bussey ,in/itution #ddj-dec4 #ahgf4 ,hal/$1 ,b4 ,d4 ,de/roy ! ,black ,knot1 etc41 ,n4 ,j4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gh3a-ad4 #ahia4 #eg ,dugg>1 ,b4 ,m4 ,fung\s ,diseases ( ,plants #ahe1 fig4 #fh4 #aiji4 #eh ,higg9s1 ,b4 ,b4 ,contributions to ! ,life ,hi/ory & ,physiology ( ,cyl9drosporium on ,/one ,fruits1 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,bot4 #a3ade-agc4 #aiad4 #ei ,ad]hold1 ,r4 ,mycospha]ella c]asella n4 spec41 die ,p]i!ci5=m von ,c]cospora c]asella ,sacc4 und ihre ,entwicklung1 ,b]4 d4 deut4 bot4 ,ges4 #ah3bdf-bdi4 #aijj4 #fj ,dugg>1 ,b4 ,m4 ,fung\s ,diseases ( ,plants #cad4 #aiji4 ,pi]ce1 ,n4 ,b4 ,a ,disease ( ,almond ,trees1 ,j\r4 ,myc4 #g3ff-fg1 ,pls4 #aa-ad4 #ahib4 #fa ,dugg>1 ,b4 ,m4 ,fung\s ,diseases ( ,plants #bbf4 #aiji4 #fb ,smi?1 ,e4 ,f4 & ,t[ns5d1 ,c4 ,o4 ,a ,plant ,tumor ( ,bact]ial ,orig91 ,sci5ce #be3fga-fgc4 #aijg4 ,t\mey1 ,j4 ,w4 ,cause & ,nature ( ,cr[n ,gall1 ,ariz4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #cc3a-fd1 figs4 #a-ca4 #aijj4 ,h$gcock1 ,g4 ,c4 ,cr[n ,gall1 etc41 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,bur4 ,pl4 ,ind4 ,bul4 #ij3ae-ag1 ,pls4 #c-e4 #aijf4 #fc ,scribn]1 ,f4 ,l4 ,leaf ,ru/ ( ! ,*]ry1 etc41 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,rpt4 #cec-cee1 ,pl4 #c4 #ahhg4 #fd ,atk9son1 ,geo4 ,f4 ,/udies ( ,"s ,%ade ,tree & ,timb] ,de/roy+ ,fungi1 ,cor4 ,agl4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #aic3bjh-bad4 #aija4 ,s*r5k1 ,h4 von4 ,div4 ,veg4 ,phys4 & ,pa?41 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agl4 #be3dj-eb1 ,pls4 #aa 79 "p71 #ac4 #aijj4 #fe ,wilcox1 ,e4 ,m4 ,a ,rhizomorphic ,root-,rot ( ,fruit ,trees1 ,okla4 ,agr4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #di3a-cb1 ,pls4 #a-aa4 #aija4 #ff ,dugg>1 ,b4 ,m4 ,fung\s ,diseases ( ,plants #dgc4 #aiji4 #fg ,h$rick1 ,u4 ,p4 ,gumm+ ( ! ,prune ,tree1 ,ore4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #de3fh-gb4 #ahig4 ,,*]ry ,,insects ,insects tr\bl+ *]ries are num]\s b h>dly z de/ructive z ) o!r tree-fruits4 ,entomologi/s li/ ab\t #dj species ( insects attack+ *]ries & ab\t z _m m occasionally attack ! v>ieties ( "o or ! o!r ( ! two cultivat$ species4 ,! majority ( ^! pe/s came ) ! tree f its habitat ov] ! sea b sev]al h come f ! wild *]ries ( ?is cont95t4 ,( ! pe/s peculi> to ! *]ry alone1 possibly ! *]ry fruit maggot#fh 7,rhagoletis c+ulata ,loew7 is1 ! c\ntry ov]1 z tr\blesome z any4 ,! adult insect is a small fly ) b>r$ w+s :i* lays eggs "u ! sk9 ( ! *]ry 9 mid-summ]4 ,f ^! eggs small1 :iti% maggots ab\t "o-?ird ( an in* long hat* & eat out a cavity 9 ! rip5+ fruit4 ,^! maggots :5 full gr[n pupate 9 ! gr\nd & rema9 !re until ! foll[+ season4 ,! only effective prev5tive or rem$ial measure to take aga9/ ! pe/ 9 l>ge or*>ds is to spray ) a sweet5$ ars5ical1 b 9 small plantations *ick5s are fairly effective 9 scrat*+ up & eat+ ! pupat+ maggots4 ,! *]ry fruit maggot is probably responsible = mo/ ( ! wormy *]ries 9 ,new ,york b ! plum curculio is also a cause ( wormy fruits & 9 "s seasons is a mo/ =midable pe/4 ,?is curculio#fi 7,conotra*elus n5uph> ,h]b/7 is a r\gh1 grayi% sn\t-beetle some:at less ?an a qu>t] ( an in* 9 l5g?1 s famili> an insect z sc>cely to ne$ fur!r description4 ,! female beetle pi]ces ! sk9 ( ! "y *]ries & places an egg 9 ! puncture4 ,ab\t ?is cavity %e g\ges out a cresc5t-%ap$ tr5*1 ?is cut or /+ be+ a mo/ disc\rag+ sign to ! *]ry-gr[]1 = he well kn[s t f ! eggs come1 )9 a week or two1 :ite & footless grubs :i* burr[ to ! /one & make wormy fruit4 ,"s ( ! infe/$ *]ries drop b _m rema9 ev5tually to di/ract ! h\sewife & ^? :o eat *]ries out ( h&4 ,j>r+ ! beetles f ! trees1 a me?od employ$ by plum-gr[]s1 is q too exp5sive & ineffective = ! *]ry-gr[] & poison+ ) an ars5ate is ! only practical means ( combat+ ! pe/4 ,rubbi% & vegetation (f] hid+ places = ! insects &1 !re=e1 cultivat$ or*>ds are fre] f curculio ?an ^? laid d[n to grass4 ,!re are no curculio-pro( *]ries b1 z ) plums1 ! ?9-sk9n$ v>ieties are damag$ mo/ by ! insect4 ,! grub ( ! plum curculio is easily di/+ui%$ f ! *]ry fruit maggot4 ,?is worm is ! l>va ( a beetle1 a true grub1 footless & ) a br[ni%1 horny head :ile ! *]ry fruit maggot1 ! l>va ( a two-w+$ insect1 is a true maggot l t :i* comes f ! common h\se-fly & h>dly to be di/+ui%$ f ! apple maggot4 ,x is important to be able to di/+ui% 9 wormy *]ries ! grub ( ! curculio f ! *]ry fruit maggot 9 ord] to "k & und]/& ! nature ( ! two enemies 9 combat+ !m4 ,ano!r pe/ ( ?is fruit is ! *]ry leaf-beetle 7,gal]ucella cavicollis ,le ,conte7 ! l>vae ( :i* sometimes d mu* damage to *]ry foliage4 ,! adult insect is an oval1 r$di% beetle ab\t "o-f\r? ( an in* long ) black legs & ant5nae4 ,bo? ! adult & ! l>vae fe$ on ! leaves & d mu* damage if abundant4 ,usually !re are two broods1 ! insect pupat+ 9 ! gr\nd4 ,=tunately ! pe/ is easily controll$ ) ! ars5ical sprays4 ,! *]ry scale 7,aspidiotus =besi ,johnson7 is commonly f\nd on ?is fruit & occasionally on o!rs z well4 ,to ! unaid$ eye x is v simil> to ! well-kn[n ,san ,jos scale1 diff]+ *iefly 9 be+ light] 9 color4 ,! rem$y is ! same z = ! ,san ,jos scale1 :i* we next discuss4 ,! dread$ ,san ,jos scale#gj 7,aspidiotus p]niciosus ,com/ock7 is r less h>mful to *]ries ?an to o!r tree-fruits & yet is sometimes a s]i\s pe/ on ,sweet ,*]ries4 ,s\r ,*]ries are almo/ immune4 ,! insect is n[ s well kn[n 9 all fruit-gr[+ regions t x ne$s no description4 ,x is usually fir/ recogniz$ by its "w1 evid5ce ( its pres5ce be+ dead or dy+ twigs--(t5times ! :ole tree is moribund4 ,exam9ation %[s ! twigs or trees to be cov]$ ) myriads ( m9ute scales1 ! size ( a small p9-head1 :i* give ! infe/$ b>k a scurfy1 a%y look4 ,if ! b>k be cut or scrap$ a r$di% discoloration is f\nd4 ,leaves & fruit z well z b>k are infe/$1 ! insidi\s pe/1 h[ev]1 usually fir/ ga9+ a foo?old on ! trunks or a l>ge bran*4 ,*]ry-gr[]s1 9 common ) all fruit-gr[]s1 f9d ! lime & sulphur solution ! mo/ effective spray 9 combat+ ?is insect4 ,sev]al o!r scale insects fe$ on ! *]ries &1 n[ & !n1 become pe/if]\s2 among ^! ! foll[+ may be nam$3 ,! ,european fruit lecanium#ga 7,lecanium corni ,b\*7 occasionally does a great deal ( damage 9 ,new ,york & n[ & !n de/roys ! :ole crop 9 an or*>d4 ,! w9t] treatm5t = ,san ,jos scale is us$ to control ?is pe/1 b usually su* treatm5t is supplem5t$ by a summ] spray ab\t ,july fir/ ) su* contact sprays z :ale oil soap & k]os5e emulsion4 ,! fruit pulv9>ia 7,pulv9>ia amygdali ,cock]ell71 ! mealy bug 7,pseudococcus longisp9us ,t>gioni71 ! scurfy scale 7,*ionaspis furfura ,fit*71 ! ,we/ ,indian pea* scale 7,aulacaspis p5tagona ,t>gioni71 ! ,putnam scale 7,aspidiotus ancylus ,putnam71 ! walnut scale 7,aspidiotus juglans-regi ,com/ock71 ,h[>d's scale 7,aspidiotus h[>dii ,cock]ell71 ! ,european fruit scale 7,aspidiotus o/re=mis ,curtis71 ! r$ scale ( ,cali=nia 7,*rysomphalus aurantii ,maskell71 ! oy/]-%ell scale 7,lepidosaphes ulmi ,l9naeus71 & ! s(t scale 7,coccus hesp]idum ,l9naeus71 are all m or less common4 ,sev]al bor]s occasionally infe/ *]ry trees ( :i* ! pea* bor]#gb 7,sann9oidea exitiosa ,say47 is ! mo/ tr\blesome4 ,l>vae ( ! pea* bor] are frequ5tly f\nd 9 bo? ,sweet & ,s\r ,*]ries1 m p>ticul>ly 9 ,sweet ,*]ries1 9 ea/]n or*>ds4 ,=tunately ?is pe/ is n z rife ) ! *]ry z ) pea*es & plums4 ,its "w may be prev5t$ by ?or\gh cultivation1 by m\nd+ ! trees &1 accord+ to "s1 by ! use ( a cov]+ ( t> or ( obnoxi\s or poison\s wa%es4 ,usually prev5tive measures are n effective1 h[ev]1 & ! bor] mu/ be de/roy$--be/ done by digg+ x out ) a knife & wire4 ,s9ce ! pe/ is easily discov]$ ?r\gh ! exudation ( gum mix$ ) sawdu/ or excreta1 close to ! surface or j b5ea? ! gr\nd1 its pres5ce c be detect$ 9 "t to prev5t its do+ mu* damage4 ,! less] pea* bor]#gc 7,sesia pictipes ,grote ,rob9son7 (t5 attacks old or weak5$ *]ry trees1 work+ 9 ! gr[+ tissues ( ! trunk any:]e f ! gr\nd to ! ma9 bran*es4 ,! worm is mu* l ! common pea* bor]1 kn[n by all1 b is small]1 r>ely rea*+ ! l5g? ( f\r-fif?s ( an in* :5 full gr[n4 ,! flat-head$ apple tree bor]#gd 7,*rysobo?ris femorata ,fabricius7 is a common pe/ 9 wild *]ries & sometimes s]i\sly attacks ! cultivat$ species4 ,x is treat$ z is ! pea* bor]4 ,! %ot-hole bor]#ge 7,eccoptoga/] rugulosus ,ratzeburg71 ?\gh seldom injur+ heal?y trees1 is v (t5 a s]i\s m5ace 9 old or decrepit *]ry trees4 ,x may be look$ ^u1 h[ev]1 z an effect r ?an a cause4 ,! pea* b>k-beetle#gf 7,phlotribus lim9>is ,h>ris7 is v simil> 9 its "w to ! %ot-hole bor] & l x attacks only diseas$ & decrepit trees4 ,all *]ry-gr[]s are famili> ) ! small1 d>k gre51 slimy slugs :i* fe$ on ! surface ( ! leaves ( ! *]ry1 possibly m common on ! foliage ( pe>s1 eat+ out ! s(t tissues & leav+ b ! skeleton ( ! leaf4 ,if ! slugs are num]\s ! tree may be defoliat$ or if ! leaves rema9 ! foliage looks z if scor*$4 ,! adult ( ?is slug is a sawfly 7,caliroa 7,eriocampoides7 c]asi ,l9naeus7 :i* lays its eggs )9 ! tissue ( ! leaves4 ,despite ! fact t x is easily de/roy$ by any ( ! ars5ical sprays or by du/+ ) lime ?is slug ev]y:]e does mu* damage to *]ries4 ,wild *]ries suff] sev]ely f ! t5t cat]pill>#gg 7,malacosoma am]icana ,fabricius7 & occasionally cultivat$ trees are attack$4 ,! ars5ical sprays are fatal to ! pe/4 ,! spr+ cank]-worm#gh 7,paleacrita v]nata ,peck7 & ! fall cank]-worm#gi 7,alsophila pomet>ia ,h>ris71 ! :ite-m>k$ tussock mo? 7,hem]ocampa leuco/igma ,smi? & ,abbot71 ! ru/y tussock mo? 7,hem]ocampa antiqua ,l9naeus71 & ! def9ite-m>k$ tussock mo? 7,hem]ocampa def9ita ,pack>d7 are all occasional *]ry pe/s & all succumb to poison\s sprays4 ,! two n[ notori\s ,european pe/s rec5tly introduc$ into ,am]ica1 gypsy mo? 7,por!tria disp> ,l9naeus7 & ! br[ntail mo? 7,euproctis *rysorrha ,l9naeus71 attack *]ry trees 9 common ) o!r decidu\s trees & may (t5 d consid]able damage4 ,sometimes1 b n (t51 ! buds ( ! *]ry are attack$ by ! bud-mo? 7,spilonota 7,tmetoc]a7 ocellana ,s*iff]mll]71 ! cat]pill>s ( :i* b9d ! "y leaves toge!r z !y exp& s t small1 dead1 br[n clu/]s ( foliage are to be se5 "h & !re :]e ! pe/s are at "w4 ,spray+ ) ars5icals is effective if done j z ! buds beg9 to op54 ,9 s&y soils ! *]ry is sometimes attack$ by hordes ( ! common rose-*af] 7,macrodactylus subsp9osus ,fabricius71 leaves1 fl[]s & ev5 ! fruit suff]+ f ! pe/4 ,x is a difficult insect to control b a spray ( ars5ate ( lead ) molasses is fairly effective4 ,x is important to "k t ! insect does n (t5 bre$ 9 gr\nd kept 9 clean cultivation4 #fh ,sl+]l&1 ,m4 ,v4 ,bul4 ,cor4 ,ag4 ,ex4 ,/a4 #agb3 #ahii4 #fi ,riley1 ,c4 ,v4 ,an4 ,rpt4 ,/ate ,entom4 ,mo4 #a3ej-ef4 #ahfi2 #c3aa-bi4 #ahga4 #gj ,m>latt1 ,c4 ,l4 ,! ,san ,jos or ,*9ese ,scale1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,bur4 ,ent4 ,bul4 #fb3a-hi4 #aijf4 #ga ,l[e1 ,v4 ,h4 ,! ,new ,york ,plum ,lecanium1 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #acf3ehc4 #ahig4 #gb ,beut5mll]1 ,w4 ,sesiidae ( ,am]ica1 etc4 #bff-bga4 #aija4 #gc ,ibid4 #bia-bib4 #aija4 #gd ,riley1 ,c4 ,v4 ,an4 ,rpt4 ,/ate ,entoml4 ,mo4 #a3df-dg4 #ahfi4 #ge ,l[e1 ,v4 ,h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ahj3aab-abh4 #aijj4 #gf ,wilson1 ,w4 ,f4 ,! ,pea*-tree ,b>k-beetle1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,bur4 ,ent4 ,bul4 #fh3ia-ajh4 #aiji4 #gg ,l[e1 ,v4 ,h4 ,! ,apple-tree ,t5t ,cat]pill>1 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #aeb3bgi-bic4 #ahih4 #gh ,riley1 ,c4 ,v4 ,an4 ,rpt4 ,/ate ,entom4 ,mo4 #b3id-ajc4 #ahgj4 #gi ,ibid4 #g3hc-ij4 #ahge4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,lead+ ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,*]ries ,,abbesse ,d',,oignies ,prunus avium ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ahb4 #ahff4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3afa1 #afb fig4 #ahgg4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bgf1 #bgg4 #ahhd4 #d4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbi4 #ahhh4 #e4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bhd4 #aijc4 #f4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3fb fig4 #aijg4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #che3cjg1 #cjh1 ,pl4 #aiad4 ,abbesse d',oignies has s _m good *>act]s t x is well wor? try+ comm]cially :]ev] *]ries are gr[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,curi\sly en\gh1 x seems s f> to h be5 tri$ only 9 ! ,middle ,we/1 ,pr(essor ,budd hav+ introduc$ x 9 ,i[a f ,russia 9 #ahhc4 ,9 ! unfavorable soil & climatic conditions ( ! ,mississippi ,valley1 ,abbesse d',oignies gr[s z well z any *]ry ( its class1 if we may judge f ! acc\nts ( x4 ,we d n "k ( its hav+ be5 tri$ else:]e 9 ! ,ea/ ?an on our gr\nds & "h we f9d x1 9 competition ) practically all ( ! v>ieties ( its class1 "o ( ! be/ ( ! ,dukes4 ,at ?is ,/ation x does s well t we describ$ x1 9 ! ref]5ce giv51 z "o ( ! notewor?y fruits 9 our collection4 ,! trees are l>ge1 vigor\s1 h>dy1 fruitful & v free f fungus diseases4 ,! *]ries are l>ge1 d>k r$1 ( mo/ excell5t quality1 comb9+ ! flavor ( ! ,dukes ) a firm] & yet t5d]] fle% ?an ! ,montmor5cy4 ,! high quality1 h&some appe>ance & good %ipp+ qualities ( ! fruit1 comb9$ ) ! spl5did *>act]s ( ! tree1 ought to make ,abbesse d',oignies a v good comm]cial v>iety4 ,?is *]ry probably orig9at$ 9 ,belgium ab\t ! middle ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,at lea/ x 0 fir/ li/$ 9 ,belgian nurs]y catalogs 9 #ahed4 ,x is n[ a great] or less favorite :]ev] *]ries are gr[n 9 ! ,old ,_w1 ,pr(essor ,budd hav+ f\nd x1 z we h said1 9 #ahhc1 9 ,russia & imm$iately transport$ x to ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,abbesse d',,oignies ,tree *>act]i/ically l>ge & vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 r\nd-topp$ b ) droop+ bran*lets1 h>dy1 productive2 trunk /ocky1 ) %aggy b>k2 bran*es ?ick1 smoo?1 a%-gray ov] r$di%-br[n1 ) _m l5ticels2 bran*lets %ort1 ) %ort int]nodes1 br[ni%1 r\gh5$ by transv]se wr9kles & by num]\s conspicu\s1 small1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves two & "o-half in*es wide1 five & "o-half in*es long1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate1 ?ick2 upp] surface glossy1 d>k gre52 l[] surface light gre51 slightly pubesc5t1 di/9ctly ribb$ by ! l>g] ve9s2 apex tap]-po9t$1 base acute2 m>g9 ) small1 black gl&s1 co>sely & d\bly s]rate2 petiole "o & "o-qu>t] in*es long1 ?ick1 lightly t+$ ) r$1 groov$1 ) "o or two small1 globose1 r$di%-orange gl&s4 ,buds r long1 po9t$1 free1 arrang$ (t5 9 elongat$ clu/]s at ! ends ( long spurs2 leaf-sc>s v prom95t2 season ( bloom m$ium1 av]ag+ five days 9 l5g?2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & ?ree-sixte5?s in*es across2 borne 9 d5se clu/]s at ! ends ( long spurs or spur-l bran*es1 well di/ribut$1 v>y+ f "o to ?ree2 p$icels "o-half in* long1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube r$di%1 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes t+$ r$1 long1 n>r[1 some:at acum9ate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%-oval1 entire1 ne>ly sessile1 ) a broad1 %all[ not* at ! apex2 filam5ts "o-qu>t] in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit late2 ?ree-f\r?s in* long1 sev5-eigh?s in* ?ick1 r\ndi%-oblate1 slightly compress$2 cavity ( m$ium dep?1 wide1 regul>2 suture a l9e2 apex r\ndi%1 slightly depress$2 color d>k r$2 dots num]\s1 small1 light russet1 conspicu\s2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-half in*es long1 adh]+ to ! fruit2 sk9 t\gh2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 ) colorless juice1 slightly /r+y1 t5d] & s(t1 sprightly subacid2 ( v good quality2 /one free1 ab\t ?ree-eigh?s in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%1 turgid1 slightly po9t$1 ) smoo? surfaces2 ridg$ along ! v5tral suture4 ,,ar* ,,duke ,prunus avium ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #ega4 #afbi4 #b4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 #c4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ace4 #ahcb4 #d4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahi1 #aij4 #ahde4 #e4 ,floy-,l9dley ,guide ,or*4 ,g>d4 #ig1 #ih4 #ahdf4 #f4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3cih fig4 #ahdg4 #g4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjc4 #ahed4 #h4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #ace4 #ahfg4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ab4 #ahga4 #aj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bgh1 #bgi4 #ahhd4 ,griotte de ,portugal4 #aa4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aij1 #aia1 ,pl4 ,,xiii4 #agfh4 #ab4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3big1 #bih fig4 #ahgg4 ,portugiesis*] ,griotti] ,wei*selbaum4 #ac4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3f1 ,tab4 #af fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,h]zogskirs*e4 #ad4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fgj4 #agig4 #ae4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhb4 #ahjb4 #af4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cga-cgf4 #ahai4 ,portugiesis*e ,griotte4 #ag4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fgd4 #agig4 ,c]ise ,royale de ,holl&e4 #ah4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge4 #a3ha1 ,pl4 #ahec4 ,c]ise de ,portugal4 #ai4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3adh fig4 #cg1 #adi1 #aej4 #ahff4 ,p>k9son1 ne>ly ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago1 ?\ght ! ,ar* ,duke "o ( ! faire/ & be/ ( *]ries4 ,x is n[1 h[ev]1 q surpass$ by sev]al o!rs ( ! ,dukes4 ,! conc5sus ( op9ion ( ^? :o h kn[n ! true fruit ( ?is "n is t ei!r ,may ,duke or ,late ,duke is bett]4 ,we give x prom95ce only because ( its wor?y pa/ & t x may be bett] di/+ui%$ f ,may ,duke ) :i* x is (t5 confus$4 ,z comp>$ ) ! la/-nam$ v>iety x is two weeks lat]2 ! tree is m vigor\s b n z productive2 & ! bran*es are l>g]1 m div]g5t & m p5dul\s4 ,! *]ries are n z well flavor$ b are l>g] & h a %ort] /alk4 ,?is old ,engli% v>iety 0 fir/ m5tion$ by ,p>k9son 9 ,p>adisus ,t]re/ris1 #afbi4 ,= _m ye>s previ\s to ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury ! true ,ar* ,duke *]ry 0 v sc>ce & 0 (t5 confus$ ) o!r v>ieties1 "s writ]s ass]t+ t x 0 ! ,may ,duke2 o!rs1 ! ,late ,duke4 ,9 #ahdg1 h[ev]1 ! true ,ar* ,duke *]ry 0 discov]$ 9 ! nurs]ies ( ,?omas ,riv]s1 ,sawbridgewor?1 ,engl&1 hav+ be5 gr[n !re1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,riv]s1 by 8 ance/ors = ne>ly a c5tury4 ,x 0 !n f\nd t ! fruit 0 q unlike t ( ei!r ,may ,duke or ,late ,duke1 ?\gh ! habit ( ! tree 0 simil>4 ,x is n kn[n :5 ,ar* ,duke 0 introduc$ into ,am]ica b ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society plac$ x ^u its fruit li/ 9 #ahga4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ar* ,,duke ,tree m$ium 9 size1 vigor\s1 some:at upright1 h>dy1 productive2 trunk /ocky1 smoo?2 bran*es sl5d]1 long1 smoo?1 r$di%-br[n1 m>k$ ) consid]able sc>f-sk91 ) num]\s1 r l>ge l5ticels2 bran*lets ( m$ium l5g?1 curv$1 ) %ort int]nodes1 br[n mottl$ ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 glabr\s1 ) few small1 slightly rais$1 inconspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 ab\t two in*es wide1 ?ree in*es long1 fold$ upw>d1 %ort-oval to obovate1 ( m$ium ?ickness2 upp] surface d>k gre52 l[] surface light gre51 v slightly pubesc5t2 apex acutely po9t$2 m>g9 f9ely & d\bly s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole "o in* long1 t+$ ) dull r$1 sl5d]1 ) "o or two1 r>ely ?ree small1 globose1 br[ni% gl&s at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds small1 %ort1 conical1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds or 9 clu/]s ( v>iable size2 leaf-sc>s r prom95t2 season ( bloom m$ium2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-sixte5? in*es across2 borne 9 clu/]s ( twos & ?rees2 p$icels ?ree-f\r?s in* long1 r sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube ) a fa9t t+e ( r$1 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes ) a trace ( r$1 ( m$ium l5g? & bread?1 acute1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%1 entire1 ne>ly sessile1 ! apex entire or ) a %all[1 wide not*2 an!rs yell[i%2 filam5ts ?ree-sixte5?s in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 long] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 "o & "o-eigh? in*es 9 diamet]1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly compress$1 flatt5$ at ! extremities2 cavity ( m$ium dep?1 n>r[1 some:at obtuse2 suture di/9ct2 apex flatt5$ or depress$2 color light r$ becom+ d>k r$ or almo/ black at full maturity2 dots num]\s1 ( m$ium size1 russet1 r inconspicu\s2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-half in*es long1 r /\t at its po9t ( ins]tion 9 ! fruit1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 mod]ately ?ick2 fle% light to d>k r$1 firm1 crisp1 slightly a/r+5t at fir/1 becom+ a v pleasant subacid at full maturity1 juicy1 good to v good 9 quality2 /one semi-cl++1 sev5-sixte5?s in* long1 ?ree-eigh?s in* wide1 oval1 compress$1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,,baldw9 ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,kan4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bc3ha4 #ahih4 #b4 ,kan4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,*]ry1 ,!1 #ae1 #af1 ,pl4 #aijj4 #c4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3fc4 #aijc4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,baldw9 is suppos$ to h gr[n f a spr\t ( a /ock on :i* ,e>ly ,ri*mond _h be5 budd$ on ! f>m ( ,s4 ,j4 ,baldw91 ,s5eca1 ,kansas4 ,! ,e>ly ,ri*mond bud 0 9 "s mann] brok5 (f & ! spr\t1 spr++ f ! /ock1 0 all[$ to gr[ & fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahia4 ,on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation ,baldw9 trees :i* came fairly direct f ! orig9ator turn$ out to be ,olivet4 ,! publi%$ descriptions t c be f\nd are s scant & fragm5t>y t we _c make out :e!r ! v>iety is really di/9ct or1 z 9 ! case ( our trees1 is ,olivet r5am$4 ,! v>iety has be5 r widely dissem9at$ 9 ! ,middle ,we/ b has n %[n mu* m]it ei!r = home or = comm]cial or*>ds 9 ! r l5g?y probation>y p]iod x has _h 9 ! ,ea/4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society add$ ,baldw9 to its fruit li/ 9 #aiji4 ,! description we give is a compilation4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 r\nd-topp$2 leaves l>ge1 broad2 fl[]s :ite1 *ang+ to p9k4 ,fruit rip5s e>ly2 usually borne 9 pairs2 l>ge1 r\nd2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 r ?ick2 color v d>k r$1 yet almo/ transp>5t2 flavor slightly acid1 yet consid]$ "o ( ! sweete/ & ri*e/ ( ! ,morello class4 ,,baumann ,,may ,prunus avium #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #afh fig4 #fj4 #ahde4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bgi4 #ahhd4 ,frhe ,maih]zkirs*e4 #d4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3a1 ,tab4 #a4 #agib4 #e4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #adj1 #ada1 #adb4 #ahai4 #f4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #di fig41 #ej4 #ahfj4 #g4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdh1 #cdi4 #ahhi4 ,ssse ,maih]zkirs*e4 #h4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffb4 #agig4 ,may ,big>reau4 #i4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bcd4 #ahda4 #aj4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #g3bhh4 #ahda4 #aa4 ,cultivator ,n4 ,s4 #d3bhj fig4 #a4 #ahdg4 #ab4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3ee1 #ef1 ,pl4 #ahea4 ,guigne ,prcoce de ,mai4 #ac4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ed fig4 #b1 #ee1 #ef4 #ahff4 #ad4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ea1 #eb1 fig4 #bf4 #ahhb4 ,big>reau ,baumann4 #ae4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3agf fig41 #agg4 #ahgg4 ,guigne de ,mai4 #af4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #ajb fig41 #ajc4 #aijd4 ,baumann ,may is an e>ly ,sweet ,*]ry :i* at "o "t held high place among its k9d b a c5tury ( culture prov$ t x _h little value except = extreme e>l9ess & x is n[ b sp>+ly or n at all gr[n ei!r 9 ,am]ica or abroad4 ,if ! v>iety c\ld be obta9$ x might be wor? gr[+ = bre$+ "w because ( its e>l9ess & great productiv5ess4 ,at "o "t ?is v>iety 0 r l>gely gr[n 9 c5tral & we/]n ,new ,york & specim5s ( x mu/ yet rema9 9 ?is region4 ,f ! latt] "p ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 :5 we fir/ f9d an acc\nt ( ?is v>iety 9 ,kraft's ,pomona ,au/riaca1 to ! la/ ( ! ,n9ete5?1 writ]s h describ$ ,baumann ,may "u _m diff]5t names4 ,f all acc\nts x orig9at$ t[>d ! latt] "p ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 9 ,g]many4 ,f ,g]many x 0 introduc$ into ,alsace :]e ,f4 ,j4 ,baumann1 a nurs]yman at ,bollweil]1 grew x 9 8 nurs]y "u ! "n ,big>reau ,baumann & dissem9at$ x ?r\gh\t ! ,fr5* prov9ces4 ,! *]ry 0 receiv$ 9 ,am]ica1 ) sev]al o!rs1 by ,colonel ,m4 ,p4 ,wild] ( ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts1 f ,messrs4 ,baumann1 ab\t ! ye> #ahch4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society li/$ ! v>iety1 9 #ahfb1 9 its fruit catalog z ,bauman's ,may b dropp$ x aga9 9 #ahga4 ,! foll[+ description is a compilation3 ,tree vigor\s1 some:at spread+1 regul> 9 =m1 compact1 v productive2 bran*es /ocky1 ne>ly horizontal b (t5 curv$ d[nw>d2 bran*lets ) %ort int]nodes1 r$di%-br[n ne>ly cov]$ ) silv]-gray sc>f-sk92 leaves m$ium to l>ge1 d>k gre51 ovate-oblong1 co>sely & deeply s]rate2 petiole r %ort1 ) two l>ge1 r5i=m gl&s ne> ! base ( ! leaf2 buds l>ge1 ovate2 fl[]s ( m$ium size1 op5+ v e>ly4 ,fruit matures v e>ly2 m$ium to r small1 ovate-cordate1 angul>1 irregul> 9 outl9e2 color d>k r$ becom+ ne>ly black :5 fully ripe2 /em "o & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es long1 r ?ick2 fle% purpli%-r$1 ) abundant juice1 s(t & t5d]1 sweet1 well flavor$2 ( good quality2 /one m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-ovate4 ,,bess>abian ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,ia4 ,agr4 ,col4 ,bul4 #ec4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #b3ch4 #ahhh4 #c4 ,ibid4 #ai3edi4 #ahib4 #d4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #ag3f4 #ahib4 #e4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bdd4 #ahid4 #f4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #ci1 #dj4 #ahie4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ag4 #ahig4 #h4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abb1 #abc fig4 #h1 #abd4 #aijj4 #i4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3ab4 #aiaj4 ,by g5]al cons5t ,bess>abian has a place 9 home or*>ds 9 ! cold] p>ts ( ! ,mississippi ,valley & ! ,great ,pla9s4 ,x is v h>dy & is said to ?rive ev5 "u neglect--/&+ z mu* abuse z a =e/ tree4 ,z comp>$ ) /&>d comm]cial *]ries ( ! ,ea/ ! fruit is di/9ctly inf]ior 9 size & quality1 be+ h>dly fit to eat out ( h&1 & is s\r & a/r+5t ev5 :5 cook$4 ,! trees1 ?\gh h>dy & heal?y1 are dw>fi% & n productive because ( ! smallness ( ! *]ries4 ,x is an e>ly *]ry b ! fruit hangs long4 ,! v>iety is said to root well f cutt+s1 :i*1 if true1 might make x wor? :ile try+ z a /ock4 ,bess>abian is a v>iant ( ,engli% ,morello1 ! fruit ( :i* sort greatly excels x :]ev] ! trees c be equally well gr[n4 ,?is v>iety 0 br\ght to ,am]ica f ,russia ab\t #ahhc1 by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd ( ,ames1 ,i[a1 :o believ$ x to belong to a race ( *]ries orig9ally f\nd 9 c5tral ,asia4 ,tree ( m$ium size1 upright1 becom+ some:at spread+1 compact1 heal?y1 unproductive1 v h>dy2 bran*es some:at droop+1 long1 sl5d]2 leaves abundant1 m$ium to small1 oval1 co>sely s]rate1 d>k gre51 broad1 flat2 gl&s few1 usually on ! /alk at ! base ( ! leaf4 ,fruit matures m$ium e>ly1 rema9+ on ! tree a long "t 9 good condition2 m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-oblate to cordate1 irregul>1 bright r$ becom+ d>k r$2 /em long1 v>y+ f "o & ?ree-f\r?s to two in*es 9 l5g?1 sl5d]1 curv$2 sk9 t5d]2 fle% light to d>k r$1 ) abundant color$ juice1 v>iable 9 firmness1 sprightly subacid becom+ mild] :5 fully ripe2 fair 9 quality2 /one v>iable 9 size1 r\ndi%-oval1 semi-cl++4 ,,big>reau ,p,,lissi] ,prunus avium #a4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #ib fig41 #ic4 #aijd4 #b4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #cj fig4 #aijf4 ,plissi]s ,knorpelkirs*e4 #c4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #eg4 #aijg4 ,?is v>iety orig9at$ 9 ,france z a *ance se$l+ ab\t #ahhc & fruit$ fir/ 9 #ahia4 ,x 0 introduc$ a few ye>s lat] by ,m4 ,augu/e ,plissi]1 a nurs]yman at ,*teau-,r5>d1 ,b\*es-du-,rhne1 ,france4 ,al?\gh n yet well e/abli%$ ev5 9 ,france1 ?is *]ry is consid]$ promis+ = m>ket1 because ( its firm fle%1 h&some appe>ance1 high quality & good tree-*>act]s4 ,x is includ$ among ! major v>ieties 9 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york t ! att5tion ( ,am]ican *]ry-gr[]s may be call$ to x4 ,z yet x seems n to h be5 tri$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! foll[+ description is compil$3 ,tree upright1 vigor\s1 v productive2 bran*es r long1 l>ge1 be>+ l>ge1 oval leaves2 fl[]s l>ge1 semi-op52 bloom+ season e>ly4 ,fruit matures f e>ly ,june to ! la/ ( ,june2 l>ge or v l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly depress$ at ! apex1 ) a %all[ yet di/9ct suture2 /em %ort1 ?ick2 sk9 r ?ick1 firm1 yell[i% almo/ entirely ov]spread ) vivid r$ :i* becomes d>k] at maturity b (t5 %[+ /reaks ( cle> r$2 fle% f9e-gra9$1 firm1 juicy1 r$ ) /reaks ( :ite1 sweet1 aromatic2 quality good to v good2 /one ( m$ium size1 oval1 ) a pron\nc$ suture4 ,,b+ ,prunus avium #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #bfb1 ,pl4 #d fig4 a4 #ahib4 #b4 ,wa%4 ,bd4 ,hort4 ,rpt4 #abf1 #abh4 #ahic4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahii4 #d4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aab4 #aijj4 #e4 ,ibid4 #bf4 #aijd4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aib4 #aijg4 #g4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #ahg4 #aijh4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 #i4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3bc4 #aiaj4 ,b+ is "o ( ! be/ ( ! sev]al v good *]ries f ! ,pacific ,nor?we/4 ,b few ,sweet ,*]ries equal x 9 size & attractiv5ess & none surpass x 9 quality1 s t x may be said to be z good z any ( ! dess]t *]ries4 ,x is1 too1 a v good %ipp+ fruit1 rank+ ) ! be/ ( ! ,big>reaus1 to :i* gr\p x belongs1 z a *]ry = di/ant m>kets4 ,ano!r quality comm5d+ ! v>iety is t x hangs well on ! trees & ! crop rip5s at "o "t s t ! h>ve/ consi/s ( b "o pick+4 ,:ile _m *]ry-gr[]s speak well ( ! trees1 un=tunately we _c d s f _! behavior on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation4 ,!y h n be5 z vigor\s1 z heal?y or z productive z *]ry trees %\ld be 9 a comm]cial v>iety ( fir/ rank4 ,! cause1 h[ev]1 may be 9 ! location r ?an 9 ! v>iety1 = 9 an or*>d b a few miles di/ant ,b+ does mu* bett] ?an on ^! gr\nds4 ,! v>iety1 ?\gh comp>atively new1 is no long] on probation4 ,x has a ni*e 9 ! *]ry flora ( ! c\ntry1 des]v+ a place 9 ! collection ( e amateur by virtue ( its spl5did fruit4 ,:5 x is happy 9 soil & climate1 ,b+ is b\nd to be "o ( ! lead+ comm]cial *]ries4 ,se? ,lewell+ ( ,milwaukee1 ,oregon1 ! orig9ator ( sev]al ( our f9e/ *]ries1 grew ,b+ f ! se$ ( ,republican 9 #ahge4 ,! v>iety 0 nam$ aft] a ,*9ese workman4 ,9 #ahii ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society plac$ ! v>iety on its fruit li/4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 erect becom+ upright-spread+1 r op51 productive2 trunk & bran*es ?ick1 smoo?2 bran*es br[ni% ) num]\s1 small l5ticels2 bran*lets ?ick1 long1 ) long int]nodes1 gre5i%-br[n1 smoo?1 pubesc5t1 ) small1 rais$1 conspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves abundant1 l>ge1 fold$ upw>d1 ovate to obovate ( m$ium ?ickness2 upp] surface d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface light gre51 pubesc5t2 apex abruptly po9t$1 or acute1 base abrupt2 m>g9 slightly s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole long1 pubesc5t1 ?icki%1 t+$ r$1 ) f "o to ?ree l>ge1 r5i=m1 r$di% gl&s on ! /alk4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season or lat]2 v l>ge1 "o in* 9 diamet]1 broadly cordate1 some:at compress$1 slightly angul>2 cavity deep1 ( m$ium wid?1 abrupt1 regul>2 suture a d>k l9e2 apex r\ndi% or slightly depress$2 color v d>k r$1 almo/ black2 dots small1 russet1 inconspicu\s2 /em v>iable 9 ?ickness1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es long2 sk9 ( m$ium ?ickness1 t\gh1 adh]5t to ! pulp2 fle% purpli%-r$ ) d>k purple juice1 r co>se1 firm1 v meaty1 brittle1 sweet2 ( v good quality2 /one semi-free1 l>ge1 ovate to oval1 blunt1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,,black ,,guigne ,prunus avium #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aab4 #ahcb4 ,s*eur-,k]s4 #b4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #dc4 #agga4 ,frhe ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e4 #c4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bgd4 #ahjb4 ,guigne ,bigaudelle4 #d4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aac4 #ahcb4 ,coburg] ,maih]zkirs*e4 #e4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ea fig41 #eb4 #ahfj4 #f4 ,ob]dieck ,ob/-,sort4 #cgg4 #ahha4 #g4 ,lau*e ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,iii3,no4 #a1 ,pl4 #ahhb4 ,guigne ,noire ,commune4 #h4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cbh1 #cbi fig41 #ccj4 #ahgg4 ,noire ,htive de ,cob\rg4 #i4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3abc1 #abd1 fig4 #fb4 #ahhb4 ,!re is mu* confusion 9 ! hi/ory ( ?is old *]ry4 ,x und\bt$ly orig9at$ 9 ,france & 9 t "p ( ! c\ntry lat] conqu]$ by ! ,g]mans1 ?\gh ,mas1 9 8 ,pomologie ,gnrale1 m5tion$ x z probably ( ,g]man orig94 ,9 ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiii ?is v>iety 0 kn[n z ! ,guigne ,noire ,commune & 0 cultivat$ q ext5sively 9 ,france & nor!rn ,italy4 ,x 0 e/eem$ bo? = its e>l9ess & its f9e quality & 0 kn[n z ,guigne ,gu9d\lle by ! peasants ( c5tral ,france & by ! ,tuscans 9 ,italy z ,corb9i because ( ! color ( its sk94 ,black ,guigne1 ,black ,he>t1 & ,e>ly ,purple1 :i*1 :ile simil> 9 _m *>act]s1 are entirely di/9ct1 h be5 badly confus$ by bo? ,fr5* & ,g]man writ]s & x is only ) ! greate/ difficulty t ! ?ree c be sep>at$4 ,:ile ?is *]ry 0 =m]ly consid]$ ( wor? 9 ,cont95tal ,europe1 x is sc>cely recogniz$ !re n[ & 0 probably nev] br\ght to ,am]ica4 ,! foll[+ description is compil$ f ,european fruit-books3 ,illu/ration3 ,,b+ ,tree v l>ge1 r\nd-topp$1 spread+1 irregul> 9 outl9e1 productive2 bran*es long1 l>ge1 /raight1 br[ni%1 mottl$ ) gray sc>f-sk92 int]nodes long & unequal2 leaves l>ge1 oval or oblong1 acum9ate2 m>g9 irregul>ly s]rate2 petiole long1 sl5d]1 ) l>ge gl&s2 bloom+ season late2 fl[]s small4 ,fruit matures ! la/ ( ,june to ! middle ( ,july1 usually atta*$ 9 pairs b sometimes 9 ?rees2 m$ium to l>ge 9 size1 obtuse-cordate2 color bright r$di%-black *ang+ to deep purple2 suture indi/9ct2 /em sl5d]1 ins]t$ 9 a deep1 broad cavity2 sk9 ?91 t5d]2 fle% d>k purple1 ) abundant color$ juice1 half-t5d]1 some:at /r+y1 sweet yet sprightly1 pleasantly flavor$2 quality good2 /one small1 oval4 ,,black ,,hawk ,prunus avium #a4 ,horticulturi/ #f3cfj1 #cfa fig4 #ahea4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #de1 #bce4 #ahed4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aij fig4 #ahed4 #d4 ,hoop] ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #beh1 #bgj1 #bga4 #aheg4 #e4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #chb4 #ahge4 p]vi] ,noir4 #f4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3da1 #db1 fig4 #ba4 #ahhb4 ,despite ! fact t ,black ,hawk 0 laud$ by ! horticulturi/s 9 ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury z "o ( ! be/ ( all black ,sweet ,*]ries1 x is n[ almo/ unkn[n4 ,accord+ to ! old] pomologi/s x 0 unsurpass$ = eat+ out ( h& b 0 only m$iocre 9 all o!r *>act]s ( ei!r fruit or tree4 ,9 p>ticul> x 0 surpass$ 9 _m ways by ! bett]-kn[n ,eagle :i* fills ab\t ! same place 9 *]ry culture4 ,! v>iety 0 v popul> 9 s\!rn ,ohio ab\t ,c9c9nati :]e _m trees may /ill be f\nd & :]e x is /ill m or less plant$4 ,possibly because ( ! excell5t quality ( ! fruit1 ! amateur might well try a tree or two4 ,! description is compil$4 ,black ,hawk orig9at$ ) ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl& ( ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 sometime previ\s to #ahde4 ,x is "o ( ! be/ ( ! _m se$l+s fruit$ by him4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahed nam$ ?is sort z "o ( ! promis+ new fruits & x /ill rema9s on ! fruit-li/ ( ?is organization4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 spread+1 r\nd-topp$1 resembl+ ,yell[ ,spani% 9 habit1 productive1 heal?y2 bran*es /\t1 smoo?1 d>k r$di%-br[n1 /raight2 bran*lets sl5d]1 ) %ort int]nodes4 ,leaves l>ge1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate1 r ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre52 l[] surface pale gre52 apex abruptly po9t$2 m>g9 co>sely & deeply s]rate2 petiole %ort1 /\t1 bright r$1 ) two or m orange-r$1 r5i=m gl&s4 ,buds ( m$ium size1 r %ort1 free2 fl[]s small or m$ium 9 size2 p$icels long1 v sl5d]2 calyx-lobes /raight1 f9ely s]rate1 obtuse2 petals r\ndi%1 broadly & deeply not*$ at ! tip4 ,fruit matures ab\t ! middle ( ,june1 a few days lat] ?an ,black ,t>t>ian2 m$ium to l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 surface unev51 sides compress$2 cavity deep1 broad1 abrupt1 ne>ly regul>2 color glossy1 d>k purpli%-black *ang+ to almo/ black at complete maturity2 /em usually ?ick b (t5 v>iable1 ( m$ium l5g?2 sk9 ?ick1 adh]+ to ! pulp2 fle% purpli%-black1 t5d]1 ) abundant color$ juice1 aromatic1 well flavor$1 sweet2 ( v good quality2 /one ( m$ium size1 ) unev5 surfaces4 ,,black ,,he>t ,prunus avium #a4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 #b4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aae4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #afi fig4 #ahde4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aie4 #ahed4 #e4 ,?ompson ,g>d4 ,ass't #ebf4 #ahei4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,guigni] ,fruit ,noir4 #g4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aeh1 #aei1 #afj1 ,pl4 #a fig4 #a4 #agfh4 ,frhe ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e4 #h4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #aaf-aai4 #ahai4 #i4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdj1 #cdi4 #ahhi4 ,guigne ,noire ,anci5ne4 #aj4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ff fig4 #g1 #fg1 #fh4 #ahff4 ,big>reau ,noir d',espagne4 #aa4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bbc fig41 #bbd4 #ahgg4 ,al?\gh "o ( ! olde/ *]ries "u cultivation1 ,black ,he>t is /ill l>gely gr[n ! _w ov]4 ,pr9ce1 9 #ahcb1 said t x 0 m widely cultivat$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an any o!r v>iety & ,d[n+1 9 #ahde1 said ,black ,he>t 0 !n bett] kn[n ?an any o!r *]ry 9 ! c\ntry4 ,:ile nei!r ( ^! two /atem5ts w\ld hold = ,black ,he>t n[1 x hav+ long s9ce pass$ its heyday ( popul>ity1 x is /ill1 because ( ! fruitfulness ( ! tree & ! high quality & beauty ( ! fruit1 a v>iety ( mu* m]it4 ,black ,he>t fails 9 ! comm]cial fruit gr[+ ( n[adays1 z comp>$ ) ! *]ry culture ( ! fruit connoisseurs ( a g5]ation ago1 because x does n meet m>ket dem&s1 fail+ to d s ?r\gh two defects3 x does n %ip well & :5 br[n-rot is rife x quickly succumbs to ?is fungus4 ,x is1 too1 n[ difficult to obta9 ! v>iety true to "n1 ! trees at ?is ,/ation1 z an example1 9 sev]al attempts1 turn+ out untrue1 :i* =ces ! use ( a compil$ description 9 ?is text4 ,?is *]ry 0 m5tion$ by ,john ,rea 9 #afgf b !re c be no d\bt b t x orig9at$ _m ye>s previ\s to ?is date4 ,probably x is ! *]ry m5tion$ by ,rob]t ,dodone1 a naturali/ ( ,mal9es1 ,belgium1 9 #aeeb4 ,:5 or by :om x 0 introduc$ to ,am]ica is n kn[n b x 0 be+ gr[n "h v e>ly 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury & ev] s9ce has be5 consid]$ a valuable v>iety = g5]al plant+4 ,ne>ly e nurs]yman ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates li/s ,black ,he>t1 a fact atte/+ its popul>ity4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society plac$ ,black ,he>t on its catalog ( fruits 9 #ahfb1 a place :i* x has s9ce reta9$4 ,tree l>ge1 v vigor\s1 tall1 wide-spread+1 productive2 bran*es /\t1 br[ni%1 m+l$ ) yell[1 mottl$ ) gray sc>f-sk92 l5ticels num]\s1 small4 ,leaves v l>ge1 oblong1 wav$1 acum9ate1 ne>ly flat2 upp] surface d>k gre52 m>g9 deeply & co>sely s]rate2 petiole ( m$ium l5g?1 lightly t+$ ) r$1 ) gre5i% gl&s4 ,buds l>ge1 oval1 po9t$2 season ( bloom e>ly or v e>ly2 fl[]s m$ium 9 size2 petals r\ndi%1 imbricat$4 ,fruit matures e>ly1 season long2 l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 some:at compress$2 cavity broad2 suture deep2 surface some:at irregul>2 color d>k purple becom+ black2 /em "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 sl5d]2 sk9 slightly %rivell$2 fle% d>k r$1 firm to v firm becom+ t5d] at full maturity1 ) abundant color$ juice1 sweet2 good 9 quality2 /one l>ge1 r\ndi%-ovate2 dorsal suture deep4 ,,black ,,t>t>ian ,prunus avium #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #acj-acb4 #ahai4 #b4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #a3dd1 ,pl4 #ahbh4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 #d4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aac1 #aad4 #ahcb4 #e4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #eb4 #ahdh4 #f4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ba4 #aheh4 #g4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #fa fig41 #fb4 #ahfj4 #h4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bbh1 #bbi fig41 #bcj4 #ahgg4 #i4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgg1 #cgh4 #ahhi4 #aj4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #cg4 #aijf4 ,ronald's ,l>ge ,black ,he>t4 #aa4 ,=sy? ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees #db1 #dc4 #ahjc4 ,guigne ,noire ,gros ,fruit4 #ab4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #cf4 #aijf4 ,t>t>ian4 #ac4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,black ,t>t>ian is probably ! favorite doory>d & roadside ,sweet ,*]ry 9 ,new ,york & ranks second or ?ird among comm]cial *]ries 9 ! ,/ate1 z x probably does = ! :ole region ea/ ( ! ,mississippi4 ,x is kn[n by all :o gr[ or eat *]ries4 ,! preem95tly m]itori\s *>act]s :i* give x s high a place 9 *]ry culture are3 fir/1 & mo/ important1 ! ela/icity ( its con/itution :]eby x adapts itself to widely diff]5t soils & climates2 second1 ! fruitfulness1 heal?fulness & robu/ness ( ! trees :i* also be> regul>ly1 live to an old age & gr[ to a prodigi\s size1 (t5times atta9+ a diamet] ( two feet2 ?ird1 ?is v>iety is comp>atively free f ! wor/ ( *]ry diseases1 br[n-rot2 la/ly1 ! *]ries1 ?\gh n z l>ge z "s simil> sorts1 are tempt+ to ! eye ?r\gh _! rotund =m & glossy black color & are a delight to ! palate1 ! h&some purpli%-r$ fle% be+ firm & crisp1 yet juicy1 ) a sweet1 ri* flavor :i* all agree gives ! quality ! rank ( v good to be/4 ,x is a virile v>iety & f x h come sev]al promis+ se$l+s & x is "o ( ! p>5ts ( a numb] ( cross-br$ *]ries4 ,black ,t>t>ian is e>li] ?an mo/ ( ! ,sweet ,*]ries ) :i* x mu/ compete--"u mo/ conditions a help 9 m>ket+4 ,un=tunately x is a little too s(t to h&le well 9 h>ve/+ & m>ket+ or to hold its %ape z a cann$ product4 ,its small size is also aga9/ x = ! cann]'s trade4 ,! sev]al defects not$ prev5t ,black ,t>t>ian f tak+ fir/ rank 9 comm]cial or*>ds b = ! home plantation x is "o ( ! be/4 ,black ,t>t>ian came orig9ally f ,russia4 ,x 0 introduc$ into ,engl& 9 #agid f ,circassia1 by ,hugh ,ronalds ( ,br5t=d1 ,middlesex1 z ,ronald's ,l>ge ,black ,he>t4 ,two ye>s lat]1 ,john ,fras] introduc$ a v>iety1 a native ( ,crimea1 :i* he pur*as$ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 z ,fras]'s ,black ,t>t>ian4 ,?is turn$ out to be ! same z ! *]ry f ,circassia4 ,"s g f>!r back & say t ,black ,t>t>ian 0 c>ri$ to ,russia f ,spa91 !nce to ,engl&4 ,x owes its introduction into ?is c\ntry to ,william ,pr9ce ( ,flu%+1 ,long ,isl&1 probably 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,x 0 recogniz$ 9 #ahdh & plac$ on ! s*$ule ( fruits at ! ,national ,conv5tion ( ,fruit ,gr[]s :i* lat] became ! pres5t ,am]ican ,pomological ,society4 ,! v>iety /ill reta9s a place among ! recomm5d$ *]ries b "u ! "n ,t>t>ian4 ,! v>iety quickly became popul> 9 ,am]ica1 f9d+ a place 9 e or*>d & 9 ! li/s ( all nurs]ym54 ,"s nurs]ym5 claim to h sup]ior /ra9s ( ! old v>iety2 z1 ,gre5's ,t>t>ian & ,black ,t>t>ian ,improv$4 ,comp>isons %[ no diff]5ces4 ,black ,russian1 li/$ by "s firms1 is probably ,black ,t>t>ian z x is us$ _m times z a synonym by =eign writ]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,t>t>ian ,tree *>act]i/ically l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright1 vasi=m1 productive2 trunk ( m$ium ?ickness1 smoo?2 bran*es smoo?1 r$di%-br[n1 slightly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 ) l>ge l5ticels2 bran*lets r long1 br[n almo/ entirely ov]spread ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 glabr\s1 ) inconspicu\s1 slightly rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 five & "o-half in*es long1 two & "o-half in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate to elliptical1 ?92 upp] surface d>k gre51 rugose2 l[] surface light gre51 slightly pubesc5t2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 m>g9 v>ies f s]rate to cr5ate2 petiole two in*es long1 ?ick1 t+$ ) r$1 ) a few hairs1 ) f "o to ?ree r5i=m1 r$di% gl&s ( m$ium size usually on ! /alk4 ,buds po9t$ or obtuse1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds1 or 9 small clu/]s on spurs ( v>iable l5g?2 leaf-sc>s v prom95t2 season ( bloom m$ium2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across1 borne 9 scatt]+ well-di/ribut$ clu/]s 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels "o in* long1 sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube fa9tly t+$ ) r$1 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes ) a trace ( r$1 long1 broad1 obtuse1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%1 entire1 ) %ort1 blunt claws2 an!rs yell[i%2 filam5ts ne>ly "o-half in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures e>ly2 less ?an "o in* 9 diamet]1 cordate1 compress$2 cavity int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?1 fl>+2 suture indi/9ct2 apex po9t$ & slightly depress$2 color purpli%-black2 dots num]\s1 small1 russet1 obscure2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-half in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 sep>at+ readily f ! pulp2 fle% purpli%-r$1 ) d>k color$ juice1 firm1 meaty1 crisp1 pleasant flavor$1 mild1 sweet2 ( v good quality2 /one free1 ovate1 slightly flatt5$ & oblique1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,,ble$+ ,,he>t ,prunus avium #a4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 #b4 ,=sy? ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees #db4 #ahjc4 #c4 ,floy-,l9dley ,guide ,or*4 ,g>d4 #ajd4 #ahdf4 #d4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bae4 #ahed4 ,gascoigne4 #e4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #ega1 #egb4 #afbi4 #f4 ,g]>de ,h]ball #aejd4 #afcf4 #g4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bih4 #ahhd4 ,r$ ,he>t4 #h4 ,rea ,flora #bjf4 #afgf4 #i4 ,brook%aw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #b3ahc1 ,pl4 #if fig4 #a4 #ahbc4 ,blu!rzkirs*e4 #aj4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bbd1 #bbe1 #bbf4 #ahai4 ,gascoigne's ,he>t4 #aa4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agd4 #ahde4 ,blutro! ,molk5kirs*e4 #ab4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bi4 #aheh4 ,guigne ,r\ge ,htive4 #ac4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cch fig41 #cci4 #ahgg4 ,ble$+ ,he>t goes back almo/ z f> z ! hi/ory ( cultivat$ *]ries4 ,x is only ( hi/orical int]e/ n[ & ?is *iefly because x has be5 ! p>5t ( _m sorts ( pres5t wor?4 ,accord+ to ! old writ]s x took highe/ rank 9 ! *]ry li/s ( a c5tury & m ago by virtue ( its high quality & h&some appe>ance1 ! "n be+ indicative ( color & =m4 ,s f> z c be made out at ?is late date ! v>iety has be5 gr[n b little or n at all 9 ,am]ica1 ! description "h giv5 com+ f old pomologies4 ,?is1 l ! prec$+ sort1 is a *]ry ( sev]al names1 hav+ be5 m5tion$ fir/ by ,p>k9son 9 #afbi z ! ,gascoign ,*]ry4 ,9 ,engl& ?ree diff]5t names h be5 appli$ to ?is v>iety1 ,gascoigne1 ,r$ ,he>t & ,ble$+ ,he>t4 ,at lea/ !re seems to be little d\bt t ! ,ble$+ ,he>t & ,r$ ,he>t li/$ by ,john ,rea 9 #afgf 7 ! ,gascoign ( ,p>k9son & ,g]>de4 ,tree ( l>ge/ size1 v vigor\s1 n v productive2 bran*es num]\s1 l>ge1 long1 div]g+1 br[ni%-r$1 mottl$ ) gray sc>f-sk92 leaves v l>ge1 oblong1 acum9ate2 m>g9 cr5ate2 petiole ?ick1 long1 r$di%1 ) well-develop$ gl&s2 bloom+ season e>ly4 ,fruit matures ! latt] half ( ,july2 usually 9 pairs1 l>ge1 elongat$ he>t-%ap$1 ) po9t$ apex2 color bright r$ *ang+ to d>k r$1 some:at mottl$2 /em two in*es long1 sl5d]2 fle% r$di%1 r t5d] al?\gh firm1 ) abundant juice1 highly flavor$1 sweeti%2 good 9 quality2 /one l>ge1 oblong4 ,,b\rgueil ,prunus c]asus ,c]ise de ,b\rgueil4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3bje4 #ahff4 ,montmor5cy de ,b\rgueil4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3abc1 #abd1 fig4 #fj4 #ahff-gc4 #c4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cfd1 #cfe fig4 #ahgg4 ,b\rgueil is a v>iant =m ( ,montmor5cy h>dly diff]+ en\gh 9 fruit f ,l>ge ,montmor5cy to be di/+ui%$ f x & yet s9ce x seems to be m productive ?an ! la/-nam$ sort x is possibly wor? add+ to ! *]ry flora ( ! c\ntry4 ,! v>iety1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 is /ill on probation1 b if trees true to "n c be obta9$ x is wor? plant+ 9 small numb]s :]e gr[]s want a *]ry ( ! ,montmor5cy type4 ,?is v>iety 0 f\nd by a ,doctor ,bretonneau ab\t #ahdd 9 ,b\rgueil1 ,indre-et-,loire1 ,france4 ,x is kn[n by ! "n ( ! f9d] z well z t ( ! locality 9 :i* x orig9at$ & ?r\gh hav+ ! same place ( orig9 is (t5 confus$ ) ,c]ise ,r\ge ,pale4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture receiv$ ?is v>iety 9 #aije f ,f]d9& ,jam91 ,b\rg-la-,re9e1 ,se9e1 ,france1 & 9 turn =w>d$ x to ?is ,/ation :]e x has be5 fruit+ = ! pa/ few seasons4 ,nurs]ym5 d n z yet (f] x = sale & x is d\btful if x is kn[n 9 m ?an a few places 9 ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b\rgueil ,tree vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 vasi=m1 productive2 bran*es sl5d]1 smoo?1 r$di%-br[n p>tly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 ) num]\s l5ticels2 bran*lets sl5d]1 long1 br[n1 ) "s a%-gray1 smoo?1 ) num]\s inconspicu\s1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 f\r in*es long1 two in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate to ovate1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface light gre51 pubesc5t along ! ve9s2 apex & base v>iable 9 %ape2 m>g9 d\bly cr5ate2 petiole "o in* long1 ?ick1 ) a dull t+e ( r$1 pubesc5t1 ) none or ) f "o to ?ree globose1 yell[ or br[ni% gl&s on ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds small1 %ort1 v>iable 9 %ape1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & on %ort spurs 9 clu/]s v>iable 9 size2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom late2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 scatt]+1 well-di/ribut$ clu/]s1 usually 9 ?rees2 p$icels %ort1 "o-half in* long1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube fa9tly t+$ ) r$1 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes ) a trace ( r$1 broad1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals cr9kl$1 r\ndi%1 entire1 sessile1 ) apex entire2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 ?ree-f\r?s in* long1 "o in* wide1 ne>ly oblate1 some:at compress$2 cavity deep1 wide1 m$ium fl>+1 regul>2 suture indi/9ct2 apex r\ndi% to flatt5$2 color bright r$2 dots small1 russet1 inconspicu\s2 /em /\t1 "o & "o-eigh? in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 t5d]1 free2 fle% yell[i%-:ite ) colorless juice1 t5d] & melt+1 sprightly1 s\r2 ( good quality2 /one free1 l>ge1 r\ndi%-ovate1 po9t$1 ) smoo? surfaces1 t+$ ) r$1 ) a prom95t v5tral suture4 ,,brussel] ,,braune ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fgf4 #agig4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhh4 #ahjb4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ecc-ecf4 #ahai4 #d4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fc1 #fd4 #aheh4 #e4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccc1 #cda4 #ahhi4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahii4 #g4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abd1 #abe1 fig4 #h4 #aijj4 ,brssels*e ,bruyn4 #h4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #ge1 #gf4 #agij4 ,zweite ,grss] ,h]zkirs*wei*sel4 #i4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3i1 ,tab4 #bb fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,ratafia4 #aj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cji1 #caj4 #ahhd4 ,f ! /&po9t ( comm]cial *]ry culture1 ,brussel] ,braune has little value4 ,! trees are unc]ta9 9 be>+2 ! *]ries are small1 s\r1 & a/r+5t2 &1 worse ?an ! faults nam$1 ! crop rip5s v unev5ly4 ,x is ( ! ,engli% ,morello type b 9 ,new ,york1 at lea/1 is f> inf]ior to ?is well-kn[n sort4 ,brussel] ,braune has be5 mu* adv]tis$ = cold climates b !re are _m bett] *]ries t /& cold ne>ly or q z well & are bett] 9 bo? tree & fruit *>act]s &1 9 p>ticul>1 t w n vex ! s\ls ( gr[]s by rip5+ s unev5ly4 ,! v>iety has two m>k$ peculi>ities3 ! leaves on ! two-ye>-old wood are v small & ! fruit-/ems be> a small leaflet at _! base4 ,^! leaflets on ! fruit-/em w\ld h to be remov$ 9 m>ket+ ! crop--ano!r s]i\s defect4 ,no d\bt ,brussel] ,braune orig9at$ 9 ,holl& b !re is no?+ def9ite z to ! "t ?\gh ,tru*sess1 a ,g]man1 writes ( hav+ receiv$ x 9 #aghe z ,brssels*e ,bruyn4 ,! synonyms ( ?is v>iety are m or less confus$ ) ^? ( ,engli% ,morello4 ,?is *]ry 0 br\ght to ,am]ica 9 #ahhc by ! late ,j4 ,l4 ,budd ) sev]al o!r v>ieties4 ,9 ! collection ( trees s5t out f ! orig9al importation1 ( :i* ?is 0 "o1 or f trees budd$ f !m1 7 ,griotte du ,nord1 ,l>ge ,long ,late1 ,%ad[ ,am>elle1 ,lutovka1 ,george ,glass1 ,orel ,no4 #bg1 or ,gibb1 & ,bess>abian4 ,un=tunately ! v>ieties 7 badly mix$ & mu* confusion has result$4 ,x is n impossible t ! fir/ ?ree are synonyms b ! ,lutovka1 ,george ,glass1 ,bess>abian & possibly ! ,gibb are di/9ct v>ieties4 ,9 #ahie1 ?is ,/ation recomm5d$ a new *]ry = trial = home & m>ket & di/ribut$ buds ?r\gh\t ! /ate "u ! "n ,lutovka4 ,lat] x 0 f\nd t an error _h be5 made reg>d+ ! trees s5t u z ,lutovka1 !y be+ ! ,brussel] ,braune4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society add$ ,brussel] ,braune to its fruit catalog li/ 9 #ahii b dropp$ x 9 #aiji4 ,illu/ration3 ,,brussel] ,,braune ,tree ( m$ium size1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+ b ) droop+ bran*lets1 d5se1 r\nd-topp$1 unproductive2 trunk & bran*es smoo?1 /\t2 bran*es br[ni%1 ov]spread ) a%-gray1 ) num]\s small l5ticels2 bran*lets sl5d]1 ) %ort int]nodes1 ne>ly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 glabr\s1 ) small1 lightly rais$1 inconspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves ?ree & "o-half in*es long1 "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate1 ?ick1 groov$ along ! midrib2 upp] surface v d>k1 dull gre52 l[] surface light gre51 pubesc5t2 apex tap]-po9t$1 base acute2 m>g9 f9ely & d\bly s]rate2 petiole "o & "o-eigh? in*es long1 t+$ ) dull1 d>k r$1 groov$ along ! upp] surface1 ) f "o to f\r small1 globose1 yell[i%-gre5 gl&s4 ,buds po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ z lat]al buds & 9 clu/]s on scatt]+1 %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom late2 fl[]s "o in* across1 :ite2 borne 9 scatt]+ clu/]s 9 ?rees & f\rs2 p$icels "o & "o-eigh? in*es long1 sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube furr[$1 t9t$ ) r$1 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes ) a trace ( r$1 acum9ate1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals oval to obovate1 entire1 ne>ly sessile1 ) a %all[1 wide not* at ! apex2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures v late2 ne>ly "o in* 9 diamet]1 al?\gh v>iable 9 size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 slightly compress$2 cavity ( m$ium dep?1 n>r[1 abrupt2 suture v %all[1 indi/9ct2 apex r\ndi%1 ) a small depression at ! c5t]2 color light r$ *ang+ to d>k r$ z ! season advances2 dots num]\s1 small1 d>k russet1 inconspicu\s2 /em two & "o-f\r? in*es long1 ) small leaflets at ! base1 /rongly adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 sep>ates readily f ! pulp2 fle% d>k r$1 ) d>k color$ juice1 t5d] & melt+1 some:at a/r+5t1 s\r2 ( fair quality2 /one ne>ly free :5 fully mature1 fifte5-?irty-seconds in* long1 r\ndi%-oval1 r plump1 blunt-po9t$2 surfaces smoo?2 v5tral suture slightly enl>g$ ne> ! base4 ,,bunte ,,am>elle ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #feb-fee4 #ahai4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ccj4 #ahhe4 #c4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #b3dj4 #ahhh4 #d4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgb4 #aijc4 ,s f> ,bunte ,am>elle has f\nd a place only 9 ! try+ *]ry climate ( ,i[a & neighbor+ ,/ates4 ,x is n attractive en\gh 9 appe>ance1 good en\gh 9 quality1 or c]ta9 & fruitful en\gh 9 be>+ to compete ) o!r ,am>elles1 to :i* gr\p ?is v>iety belongs4 ,its sav+ grace is extreme h>d9ess ( tree1 ?\gh vigor & heal? help make x some:at desirable 9 cold1 prairie regions ( ! ,mid-,we/ :]e *]ry gr[+ is m or less prec>i\s4 ,!re has be5 mu* unc]ta9ty z to ! true v>iety & we h _h to disc>d ! trees on ! ,/ation gr\nds & compile a description4 ,?is v>iety probably orig9at$ 9 ,g]many 9 ! latt] "p ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,tru*sess1 a ,g]man1 9 #ahai1 call$ ! *]ry ,bunte ,am>elle because ( its v>iegat$ color be=e full maturity4 ,! v>iety 0 introduc$ f ,pol& to ,am]ica sometime previ\s to #ahhe & has usually gone "u ! "n ( ,am>elle ,bunte4 ,f all acc\nts ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd ( ,ames1 ,i[a1 ! au?ority on ^! h>dy *]ries dur+ 8 "t1 _h two diff]5t *]ries "u ! "n ,am>elle ,bunte2 = 9 8 report at ! ,i[a ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahhe1 he m5tion$ a v>iety "u t "n z be+ a l>ge1 d>k purple & ne>ly sweet sort :i* c\ld n h be5 ! true ,bunte ,am>elle ( ,tru*sess4 ,budd & ,hans5 9 #aijc describ$ a v>iety :i* agrees v closely ) ! true v>iety ( ,tru*sess :i* we h]e) describe4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 h>dy2 foliage l>ge1 co>se4 ,fruit matures ! second week 9 ,june2 m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$ at ! base2 cavity v>iable 9 dep?2 suture %all[1 indi/9ct2 apex depress$2 color yell[ ov]spread ) light r$2 /em gre51 /raight1 r sl5d]1 "o & "o-half to two in*es long2 fle% slightly color$1 juicy1 firm b t5d]1 pleasantly subacid2 v good 9 quality2 /one v>iable 9 size1 broad4 ,,cali=nia ,,advance ,prunus avium #a4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bhi1 #bib4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3be4 #aiaj4 ,advance4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #acj4 #ahig4 ,ulatis4 #d4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #agg3cb4 #ahii4 ,cali=nia ,advance is a ,sweet ,*]ry1 "o ( ! ,he>ts ( common p>lance1 di/+ui%$ & wor? gr[+ only because x is extra e>ly1 ?\gh :5 fully ripe x is ( v good quality4 ,x is usually describ$ z a *]ry ( l>ge size b on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation ! *]ries run small1 z !y are occasionally report$ else:]e to d1 sugge/+ t ! v>iety requires good c>e & a *oice *]ry soil = a f9ely f9i%$ product4 ,on ^! gr\nds ! v>iety seems to be preem95tly free f fungus diseases b ! rob9 & o!r birds take great] toll f x ?an f almo/ any o!r *]ry1 beg9n+ _! h>ve/ long be=e ! fruit is fit = human f>e4 ,cali=nia ,advance might well be plant$ 9 a small way = a local m>ket 9 ,new ,york1 or a tree or two = home use1 b x has no place 9 l>ge numb]s 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,cali=nia ,advance came f a se$ ( ,e>ly ,purple s[n by ,w4 ,h4 ,*apman ( ,napa1 ,cali=nia1 ! se$l+ be+ sav$ because ! *]ries 7 l>g] & rip5$ e>li] ?an ^? ( its p>5t4 ,x has sometimes be5 confus$ ) ! ,*apman *]ry1 ( some:at simil> *>act]i/ics1 :i* also orig9at$ 9 ,napa1 b ! two are q di/9ct4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 d5se1 productive2 trunk & bran*es /\t1 smoo?2 bran*lets ( m$ium ?ickness1 br[ni%-bronze p>tly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 glabr\s2 leaves num]\s1 five & "o-half in*es long1 two & "o-half in*es wide1 long-obovate to elliptical1 ?91 m$ium gre51 slightly rugose2 m>g9 s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole ne>ly two in*es long1 sl5d]1 t+$ ) r$1 pubesc5t along ! upp] side & ) a %all[ groove1 ) f two to f\r l>ge1 r5i=m1 r$di% gl&s1 usually on ! /alk2 buds l>ge1 obtuse or po9t$1 plump1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds or 9 clu/]s ( v>iable size on num]\s %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom e>ly2 fl[]s "o & "o-eigh? in*es across2 pi/il equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit rip5s v e>ly1 season av]ag+ elev5 days2 ab\t ?ree-f\r?s in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%-cordate1 compress$2 color purpli%-black2 /em ( m$ium ?ickness1 (t5 "o & "o-half in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 sep>ates f ! pulp2 fle% r$di%1 ) d>k r$ juice1 meaty1 t5d]1 mild1 sweet2 ( v good quality2 /one semi-cl++1 ?ree-eigh?s in* by elev5-?irty-seconds in* 9 size1 r\ndi%-oval1 compress$1 oblique1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,,c>nation ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 #b4 ,langley ,pomona #hf1 ,pl4 #af fig4 #c4 #agbi4 #c4 ,=sy? ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees #db4 #ahjc4 #d4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #bea4 #ahag4 #e4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ach1 #aci4 #ahcb4 #f4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aid fig4 #hc4 #ahde4 #g4 ,?ompson ,g>d4 ,ass't #ebi4 #ahei4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #i4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3ia1 #ib1 fig4 #dd4 #ahff-gc4 #aj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bhi4 #ahhd4 ,c]ise d',orange4 #aa4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #da4 #agga4 ,ro! ,orani5kirs*e4 #ab4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #ee1 #ef4 #agij4 #ac4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #def-dfc4 #ahai4 #ad4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #age fig41 #agf4 #ahfj4 ,c>nation is a conspicu\s *]ry because ( its beautiful color--r$1 a little v>iegat$ ) :ite or yell[1 h5ce ! "n4 ,x is "o ( ! ,am>elles1 simil> to ,montmor5cy except 9 color 9 :i* "* x is m pleas+ ?an ! bett]-kn[n sort4 ,! /one sep>ates f ! pulp v readily leav+ ! fle% unusually bright & clean4 ,because ( _! sprightly refre%+ flavor1 ! *]ries are pleas+ to ! palate1 z well z attractive to ! eye4 ,un=tunately ! trees are b mod]ately vigor\s & fruitful & ^! qualities c\nt s heavily aga9/ x z a comm]cial *]ry t ,c>nation _c be m ?an a fruit = amateurs unless "u exceptional conditions4 ,= a home plantation1 h[ev]1 x w\ld be h>d to "n a bett] *]ry ( its k9d4 ,c>nation is ano!r ( ! *oicely good1 old *]ries1 be+ fir/ m5tion$ by ,john ,rea 9 #afgf & lat] by ,langley 9 #agbi4 ,hav+ be5 cultivat$ = s long & dissem9at$ among s _m gr[]s :o kept meagre records 9 e>ly days1 ?is sort became badly confus$ ) o!r v>ieties1 especially ) ! ,c]isi] gros fruit r\ge-pale1 m5tion$ by ,duhamel 9 #agfh4 ,h[ old ! v>iety truly is or :]e x orig9at$ _c be said4 ,c>nation seems to h be5 fir/ m5tion$ 9 ,am]ica by ,william ,coxe 9 #ahag & a few ye>s lat] x 0 gr[+ on ! gr\nds ( ,william ,pr9ce1 ,flu%+1 ,new ,york4 ,s9ce t "t x has be5 q widely dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates b is gr[n less ext5sively n[ ?an =m]ly4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society1 9 #ahfb1 plac$ ,c>nation on its li/ ( recomm5d$ fruits :]e x /ill holds a place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>nation ,tree m$ium 9 size1 spread+1 becom+ droop+1 n v productive2 trunk int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 bran*es r$di%-br[n ov]spread ) a%-gray1 ) num]\s l5ticels v>iable 9 size2 bran*lets br[n or a%-gray1 smoo?1 ) num]\s conspicu\s1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves v num]\s1 f\r in*es long1 two in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 oval to obovate1 ?92 upp] surface d>k gre51 r\gh5$2 l[] surface dull1 light gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t2 apex acute2 m>g9 f9ely & d\bly s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole two in*es long1 sl5d]1 dull r$ on ! upp] surface1 ) "o or two l>ge1 r5i=m1 r$di% gl&s on ! /alk4 ,buds small1 %ort1 obtuse1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds1 or 9 small clu/]s on num]\s1 %ort spurs2 season ( bloom late2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 scatt]$ clu/]s 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels "o in* long1 ( m$ium ?ickness1 glabr\s1 gre52 calyx-tube light r$di%-gre51 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes t+$ ) r$1 ( m$ium l5g?1 broad1 acute1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%-oval1 entire1 ) %ort1 broad claws1 ! apex not*$2 filam5ts 9 f\r s]ies1 ! longe/ av]ag+ "o-half in* 9 l5g?2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season or lat]2 ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long1 "o in* 9 ?ickness1 r\ndi%-oblate1 compress$2 cavity deep1 abrupt2 suture indi/9ct2 apex flatt5$ or ) a deep depression2 color m$ium to d>k r$2 dots num]\s1 small1 russet1 inconspicu\s2 /em "o & "o-half in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 t5d]1 sep>at+ readily f ! pulp2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 ) abundant colorless juice1 t5d] & melt+1 sprightly2 ( v good quality2 /one free1 ne>ly "o-half in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%1 blunt1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,,c5t5nial ,prunus avium #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ag1 #aei4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bhi4 #ahhi4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahii4 ,9 ,cali=nia1 ,c5t5nial is pass+ f ! p]iod ( probation to "o ( g5]al acceptance z a /&>d v>iety4 ,un=tunately x has n be5 well te/$ 9 ! ,ea/ b trees gr[+ 9 a comm]cial or*>d at ,g5eva %[ ! v>iety to be a close competitor1 9 ?is in/ance at lea/1 ) its p>5t1 ,napoleon1 ! ma9/ay ( ,sweet ,*]ry gr[]s 9 ,new ,york4 ,9 "s respects x q surpasses ,napoleon4 ,x is l>g]1 sweet] & bett] flavor$ & has a small] pit4 ,! trees fall %ort ( ^? ( its well-kn[n p>5t1 h[ev]1 9 be+ less fruitful4 ,ev5 m s]i\s defects are1 9 ! or*>d "u obs]vation1 t ,c5t5nial cracks & is less successful 9 resi/+ br[n-rot ?an ,napoleon ?\gh x surpasses _m o!r well-kn[n sorts 9 ^! respects4 ,! two v>ieties "u comp>ison may be fur!r di/+ui%$ by ! m oblate fruits ( ,c5t5nial1 by a m mottl$ color & by ! pits :i* are long] & m po9t$ 9 ! new] v>iety4 ,c5t5nial is recomm5d$ = home or*>ds & exp]im5tally = comm]cial plantations4 ,c5t5nial is a se$l+ ( ,napoleon gr[n by ,h5ry ,*apman1 ,napa1 ,cali=nia4 ,x came 9 fruit 9 #ahgf b 0 n introduc$ until #ahhe1 ,leon>d ,coates ( ,napa1 ,cali=nia1 be+ ! introduc]4 ,despite its _m m]its1 ,c5t5nial did n w9 a place on ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society until #ahii4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 op5-topp$1 productive2 trunk ?ick1 r\ghi%2 bran*es /\t1 smoo?1 br[ni%1 ) _m l>ge l5ticels2 bran*lets ?ick1 ) int]nodes ( m$ium l5g?4 ,leaves num]\s1 l>ge1 flatt5$1 long-oval to obovate1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 rugose2 l[] surface pale gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t2 apex tap]-po9t$2 m>g9 co>sely s]rate1 ) small & inconspicu\s gl&s2 petiole "o & "o-f\r? in*es long1 pubesc5t1 t+$ ) r$1 ) f two to f\r l>ge1 r5i=m1 gre5i%-r$1 flatt5$ gl&s1 usually on ! /alk4 ,buds l>ge1 long1 po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds or 9 small clu/]s on %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 bloom+ season ab\t ! middle ( ,may2 fl[]s "o & "o-f\r? in*es across1 usually arrang$ 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels v>iable 9 l5g? av]ag+ "o & "o-eigh? in*es1 sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube fa9tly t+$ ) r$1 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes long1 acute1 glabr\s on bo? surfaces1 reflex$2 petals oval1 entire1 tap]+ to %ort1 n>r[ claws1 ) a slightly cr5ate apex2 an!rs gre5i%2 filam5ts "o-eigh? in* long1 %ort] ?an ! petals2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures ! la/ week 9 ,june1 l5g? ( season r %ort2 v l>ge1 %ort-cordate1 compress$2 cavity deep1 wide2 suture di/9ct1 broad1 %all[2 apex r\ndi% or slightly depress$2 color amb]-yell[1 speckl$ & ov]laid ) crimson2 dots :iti%1 inconspicu\s2 /em ?ick1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es long1 adh]5t to ! pulp2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 cracks badly1 adh]5t to ! pulp2 fle% :iti%1 ) colorless juice1 meaty1 crackl+1 sprightly1 sweet2 ( v good quality2 /one semi-cl++1 ?ree-eigh?s in* 9 l5g?1 elev5-?irty-seconds in* 9 wid?1 ovate1 plump1 oblique1 ) smoo? surfaces2 ridg$ on ! v5tral suture4 ,,*oisy ,prunus avium ,prunus c]asus ,c]isi] ,fruit ,ambr1 ,fruit ,blanc4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3ahe1 #ahf1 #ahg1 ,pl4 ,,xi4 #agfh4 ,s*ne von ,*oisy4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #deb-dee4 #ahai4 #c4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccc1 #ccd1 #cgf4 #ahhi4 ,belle de ,*oisy4 #d4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #a3db1 ,pl4 #ahbh4 #e4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acg4 #ahcb4 #f4 ,cultivator #aj3aej fig4 #ahdc4 #g4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aij fig4 #gi4 #ahde4 #h4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #bg1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cg1 #ch1 #ajb4 #aheb4 #aj4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #a3fc1 fig4 #b4 #ahec4 #aa4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #ahi4 #ahed4 #ab4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #ac4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3afi1 #agj fig4 #de1 #aga1 #agb4 #ahff4 #ad4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3aac1 #aad1 fig4 #ee4 #ahff-gc4 #ae4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bgf1 #bhj4 #ahhd4 #af4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #hj fig41 #ha4 #aijd4 #ag4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #ah4 #aijf4 ,x seems to be ! cons5sus ( op9ion ( a score or m ( ,european & ,am]ican pomologi/s :o h kn[n ,*oisy t x is ! h&some/ & mo/ delici\s ( all ,duke *]ries--"o ( ! v be/ ( all dess]t *]ries4 ,9 x are delicately comb9$ ! ri*ness ( ! ,sweet ,*]ry & ! sprightl9ess ( ! ,s\r ,*]ry4 ,un=tunately1 :ile x be>s e>ly & regul>ly1 ! trees are seldom fruitful4 ,z an (fset to unfruitfulness1 h[ev]1 ! trees are vigor\s1 h>dy & heal?y4 ,! *]ries keep & /& ! we> & te> ( m>ket+ z well z ^? ( any o!r ,duke4 ,its qualities all comm5d x = ! home or*>d & = a local m>ket4 ,9 p>ticul> x may be recomm5d$ = cold climates :]e a true ,sweet ,*]ry is n q h>dy1 ?is hybrid be+ ne>ly z h>dy z ! o!r p>5t1 ! ,s\r ,*]ry4 ,un=tunately suitable specim5s ( ?is beautiful *]ry c\ld n be obta9$ = a color-plate & ! description has _h to be compil$ 9 "p4 ,duhamel describes two amb]-color$ *]ries1 "o ( :i* is li/$ by ,l]oy z ,belle de ,*oisy4 ,! ,c]ise ,blan*e1 or ,c]ise ,ambre 7,grosse71 accord+ to ,l]oy1 0 cultivat$ 9 ,c5tral ,france z e>ly z #afbh & 9 #affg ,m]let wrote ( x z ! mo/ curi\s & r>e ( all *]ries4 ,k5rick1 ,am]ican ,or*>di/1 #ahcb1 li/s a v>iety1 ,ambre1 :i* accord+ to ,floy-,l9dley's & ,duhamel's descriptions mu/ be ,*oisy4 ,"s writ]s1 h[ev]1 say t ,*oisy 0 fir/ gr[n by ,m4 ,gond\91 a g>d5] = ,l\is ,,xv1 9 #agfj1 at ! village ( ,*oisy ne> ,p>is4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society1 9 its report = #aheb1 m5tion$ ?is v>iety z hav+ promise & t5 ye>s lat] li/$ x 9 ! ,society's fruit catalog :]e x has s9ce rema9$4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 spread+1 some:at op51 h>dy1 b mod]ately productive2 bran*es ?ick1 ( a cle> grayi% color ) br[ni%-r$ tips2 l5ticels v num]\s1 l>ge1 r\ndi%4 ,leaves num]\s1 v broad1 obovate1 r abruptly po9t$2 upp] surface %9+ d>k gre51 deeply & regul>ly s]rate to r d5tate4 ,buds l>ge1 ?ick1 conical1 cle> br[n some:at cov]$ ) gray2 season ( bloom r e>ly2 fl[]s :ite1 l>ge1 num]\s1 borne 9 l>ge clu/]s2 petioles %ort1 sc>cely an in* 9 l5g?2 petals broadly r\nd1 edges d5tate2 calyx-lobes %ort1 l>ge2 pi/il long] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures 9 "s localities j be=e ,may ,duke1 9 o!rs j aft] t v>iety1 ord9>ily ripe1 h[ev]1 at ! end ( ,june2 usually atta*$ 9 pairs1 l>ge1 r\ndi% to some:at oval1 flatt5$ t[>d ! base2 cavity %all[1 wide2 suture %all[1 indi/9ct2 apex depress$2 color attractive bright r$ mottl$ ) yell[ & amb]2 /em ?ick at ! base1 "o & "o-half to two in*es long1 g5]ally =k+ at ab\t "o-half in* f ! base2 sk9 ?91 some:at firm1 semi-transp>5t %[+ ! nett$ texture ( ! pulp b5ea?2 fle% pale amb]1 ) abundant colorless juice1 t5d]1 melt+1 sweet1 pleasant flavor2 v good 9 quality2 /one m$ium to small1 r\ndi%1 po9t$ at ! apex2 dorsal suture indi/9ct2 surfaces ne>ly smoo?4 ,,clevel& ,prunus avium #a4 ,horticulturi/ #b3fj fig4 #ahdg-dh4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aia fig41 #aib4 #ahed4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aca4 #ahff4 ,knorpelkirs*e von ,clevel&4 #e4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #de fig41 #df4 #ahfg4 ,clevel& is a ,big>reau :i* falls s f> %ort ( its ne> k91 z x gr[s 9 ,new ,york at lea/1 z n to be wor? plant+ except z an e>ly *]ry ( its type--e>l9ess be+ its "o sav+ asset4 ,! *]ries closely resemble ,rockport 9 size1 color1 %ape & flavor1 are 9 no way bett] ?an t some:at m$iocre sort & are ev5 m subject to br[n-rot4 ,x rip5s ) ,black ,t>t>ian & c nev] compete 9 or*>d or m>ket ) t sort4 ,possibly ,clevel& has too mu* m]it to be :olly neglect$ yet x c]ta9ly is n wor? plant+ 9 ,new ,york unless 9 a locality :]e x does exceptionally well & :5 an e>ly *]ry ( its k9d is want$4 ,clevel& is said by its introduc]1 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 to be a se$l+ f ,yell[ ,spani%4 ,its close simil>ity to ,rockport sugge/s t x may h come f a pit ( t v>iety4 ,x 0 br\ght out 9 #ahdb b 0 n adopt$ by ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society = its fruit li/ until #ahfb4 ,despite rapidly pass+ popul>ity x is /ill on ?is li/4 ,tree ( m$ium size & vigor1 upright-spread+1 op51 v productive2 trunk ( m$ium diamet] & smoo?ness2 bran*es smoo?1 r$di%-br[n p>tly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 ) _m small l5ticels2 bran*lets sl5d]1 br[n p>tly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 ) num]\s small1 inconspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 five in*es long1 two & "o-half in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate to long-elliptical1 ?92 upp] surface m$ium gre51 slightly rugose2 l[] surface light gre51 lightly pubesc5t2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 m>g9 co>sely & d\bly s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole (t5 two in*es long1 r$di%1 r sl5d]1 hairy1 groov$1 gl&less or ) f "o to f\r r5i=m1 r$di% gl&s1 usually on ! /alk4 ,buds small1 %ort1 po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds or 9 clu/]s ( v>iable size on r %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 scatt]$ clu/]s1 usually 9 twos2 p$icels ?ree-f\r?s in* long1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube gre51 t+$ ) r$1 light gre5 )91 broadly campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes t+$ ) r$1 broad1 acute1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%1 entire1 ) %ort1 broad claws1 not*$ & cr9kl$ at ! apex2 filam5ts 9 f\r s]ies1 ! longe/ av]ag+ "o-half in* 9 l5g?2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures e>ly2 ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 cordate1 compress$1 cavity wide1 fl>+1 irregul>2 suture %all[1 indi/9ct2 apex some:at obtusely-po9t$2 color light r$ ov]spread+ yell[2 dots num]\s1 small1 yell[i%1 obscure2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-half in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 sep>at+ readily f ! pulp2 fle% light yell[1 ) colorless juice1 t5d] & melt+1 sweet2 ( good quality2 /one cl++1 l>ge1 "o-half in* long1 oval1 flatt5$ at ! base1 plump1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,,clu/] ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egb1 fig4 #aj4 #afbi4 #b4 ,g]>de ,h]ball #aeje fig4 #f4 #afcf4 #c4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acb1 #acc4 #ahcb4 #d4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aid fig41 #aie4 #ahde4 #e4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bij4 #ahhd4 ,fl&]s ,clu/]4 #f4 ,ray ,hi/4 ,plant4 #aeci4 #afhh4 ,c]isi] ,b\quet4 #g4 ,duhamel ,trait ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3agf1 #agg1 #agh1 ,pl4 ,,vi4 #agfh4 #h4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #af1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #i4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3dg1 #dh1 fig4 #bb4 #ahff-gc4 ,tros-,k]s4 #aj4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3dc4 #agga4 ,traub5 od] ,b\quet ,am>elle4 #aa4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fba-fbi4 #ahai4 #ab4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3gj1 #ga4 #aheh4 #ac4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdj4 #ahhi4 ,griotte ,b\quet4 #ad4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bgh1 #bgi fig41 #bhj1 #bha4 #ahgg4 ,clu/] is a curiosity1 *>act]iz$ by fruits borne 9 clu/]s at ! extremity ( a s+le p$uncle4 ,! pi/ils v>y f "o to a doz51 sett+ f "o to five p]fect fruits 9 ! clu/] or f eight to twelve z ! trees become old]4 ,! v>iety is little kn[n 9 ,am]ica b is well kn[n 9 ,europe1 hav+ fir/ be5 describ$ by ,dal*amp 9 #aehf1 accord+ to ,l]oy4 ,its orig9 is unc]ta94 ,p>k9son speaks ( x z ,fl&]s ,clu/]1 9 #afbi1 & z x 0 cultivat$ 9 ,g]many be=e #afac & ne>ly z soon 9 ,switz]l& x may be assum$ t ei!r ,s\? ,g]many or ,fl&]s is its native home4 ,x appe>s "u sev]al names 9 ,european fruit books1 ! t]ms tro*et1 b\quet1 bus*el1 & traub5 all signify+ t ! fruits are borne 9 clu/]s & usually ref]r+ to ?is v>iety4 ,! ,c]isi] ,tro*et ( ,duhamel is probably a di/9ct v>iety4 ,! fruit has little value & is cultivat$ *iefly z a curiosity4 ,! foll[+ description is compil$3 ,tree small & bu%y1 mod]ately vigor\s1 d5se1 productive2 bran*es num]\s1 long1 sl5d]1 some:at curv$1 droop+ & (t5 break+ "u a load ( fruit2 int]nodes long2 leaves small1 oblong1 acum9ate2 m>g9 d\bly s]rate2 petiole ?ick1 %ort1 rigid1 ) small1 r\ndi%1 conspicu\s gl&s2 bloom+ season late2 fl[]s small4 ,fruit matures ! la/ ( ,june1 atta*$ 9 twos or ?rees1 ) f two to eight fruits p] clu/]2 v>iable 9 size1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$ at ! extremities2 suture prom95t2 color cle> r$ becom+ d>k] at maturity2 sk9 t\gh1 transp>5t2 /em long1 ins]t$ 9 a deep cavity2 fle% ne>ly :ite1 transp>5t1 ) abundant juice :i* is usually uncolor$ b sometimes t+$ r$1 v t5d]1 s\r1 yet agreeable2 quality fair2 /one small1 r\ndi%1 compress$4 ,,coe ,prunus avium #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,coe's ,transp>5t4 #b4 ,horticulturi/ #b3ga1 #gb fig4 #ahdg-dh4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #baa4 #ahef4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3hg fig41 #hh4 #ahff4 #e4 ,cult4 ,c\nt4 ,g5t4 #cf3cbf4 #ahga4 #f4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ae1 #bjf4 #ahgf4 ,guigne ,co4 #g4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cai fig41 #cbj4 #ahgg4 ,coe's ,bunte ,transp>5t4 #h4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdc4 #ahhi4 ,ev5 e>li] & c]ta9ly bett] ?an ,clevel&1 :i* we h j discuss$1 is ,coe1 long kn[n z ,coe's ,transp>5t4 ,?is is ! fir/ ( ! light-color$ *]ries to rip5 & is a spl5did fruit 9 quality & appe>ance4 ,! color-plate %[s ?is v>iety v well--possibly too well1 s9ce "o ( its defects is v>iability 9 color1 ! v>iant usually be+ v light color$ & n z attractive z ! type4 ,a second defect is t ! fruit runs r small4 ,! tree-*>act]s are 9 ! ma9 v good4 ,! v>iety c be di/+ui%$1 z a rule1 by ! l>ge1 spread+ tree & to a less] ext5t by its h>d9ess1 vigor1 heal?fulness & fruitfulness4 ,coe is wor?y ( a place 9 e home plantation1 9 or*>ds = local m>kets & 9 favor$ localities z an e>ly *]ry = ! g5]al m>ket4 ,curtis ,coe ( ,middlet[n1 ,connecticut1 grew ?is v>iety e>ly 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury f a pit ( :at he suppos$ to be ,ox ,he>t4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society includ$ ,coe 9 its li/ ( recomm5d$ fruits 9 #ahef4 ,illu/ration3 ,,coe ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 op51 v productive2 trunk /ocky1 %aggy2 bran*es ?ick1 smoo?1 d>k r$di%-br[n ov]laid ) a%-gray1 ) _m rais$ l5ticels2 bran*lets /\t1 %ort1 br[n ne>ly cov]$ ) gray1 smoo?1 glabr\s1 ) num]\s small1 conspicu\s1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 f\r & "o-f\r? in*es long1 two & "o-f\r? in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d or flatt5$1 long-elliptical to obovate1 ?92 upp] surface m$ium gre52 l[] surface light gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 m>g9 co>sely s]rate1 ) small1 black gl&s2 petiole "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 ?ick1 t+$ ) r$1 groov$1 hairy1 ) f "o to ?ree l>ge1 r5i=m1 gre5i%-yell[ or r$di% gl&s on ! /alk4 ,buds l>ge1 long1 conical1 plump1 free1 9 clu/]s on spurs v>iable 9 l5g?2 leaf-sc>s v prom95t2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s "o & "o-f\r? in*es across1 :ite2 borne 9 d5se clu/]s1 ?ickly di/ribut$ ov] ! tree 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels "o in* long1 sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre52 calyx-tube gre51 broadly campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes t+$ ) r$1 broad1 obtuse1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%1 entire1 ) a %all[ not* at ! apex2 filam5ts "o-qu>t] in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures e>ly2 ne>ly "o in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%-cordate1 slightly compress$2 cavity regul>1 abrupt2 suture indi/9ct2 apex blunt-po9t$ or slightly depress$2 color pale amb] fa9tly mottl$ ) r$2 dots small1 light yell[1 inconspicu\s2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-half in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 ( m$ium t\ghness1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% pale yell[1 ) colorless juice1 t5d]1 meaty1 mild1 sweet2 good to v good 9 quality2 /one semi-free or free1 "o-half in* long1 less ?an "o-half in* wide1 r\ndi%1 some:at flatt5$1 blunt1 ) smoo? surfaces2 ridg$ along ! v5tral suture4 ,,dikeman ,prunus avium #a4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ce3af1 #ag fig4 #ahig4 ,dikeman has "s m]it z a v late ,sweet ,*]ry b "h its usefulness ends4 ,! *]ries are too small & ! pits too l>ge = ?is v>iety to h great wor?4 ,! tree is some:at rem>kable = its spread+ habit & /\t bran*es4 ,plant-bre$]s seek+ = a v late sort might well *oose ,dikeman z a p>5t4 ,two v simil> *]ries1 ) a v>iation 9 ! spell+1 pass "u ?is "n4 ,late 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury !re appe>$ a *]ry on ! ,dyckman f>m ne> ,new ,york ,city4 ,"s ?\ght x to be id5tical ) ,black ,t>t>ian2 o!rs said x 0 di/9ct & call$ x ,dyckman4 ,x 0 nev] m ?an ( local note4 ,"s few ye>s ago ! late ,s4 ,d4 ,will>d ( ,g5eva introduc$ ! ,dikeman *]ry f ! f>m ( ,george ,b4 ,dikeman1 ,oceana ,c\nty1 ,mi*igan4 ,?is v>iety (t5 goes "u ! "n ,dykeman b f ! in=mation at h& we feel c]ta9 t ,dikeman is ! correct spell+4 ,on our gr\nds ?is v>iety & ,black ,t>t>ian1 al?\gh simil>1 are two di/9ct sorts1 ! ,dikeman be+ lat]1 firm] & a cl+/one4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 broadly-spread+1 op5-topp$1 productive2 trunk & bran*es ?ick1 smoo?2 bran*es r$di%-br[n cov]$ ) a%-gray1 ) num]\s l5ticels :i* are v>iable 9 size2 bran*lets %ort1 br[n1 p>tly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 glabr\s1 ) inconspicu\s1 slightly rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 f\r & "o-half in*es long1 two & "o-f\r? in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate to long-elliptical1 ?92 upp] surface m$ium gre51 slightly rugose2 l[] surface light gre51 fa9tly pubesc5t2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 m>g9 co>sely & d\bly s]rate2 petiole ab\t "o & "o-half in*es long1 t+$ ) r$1 ) a few hairs1 ) f "o to f\r r5i=m1 r$di% gl&s1 usually on ! /alk4 ,buds l>ge1 po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds or 9 clu/]s v>iable 9 size on %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & ?ree-eigh?s in*es across2 borne 9 scatt]+ clu/]s1 9 ones1 twos or ?rees2 p$icels "o & "o-f\r? in*es long1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube t+$ ) r$1 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes ) r$di% t+e1 broad1 acute1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%1 entire1 ne>ly sessile1 ) a %all[ not* at ! apex2 filam5ts "o-half in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures late2 ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 cordate2 cavity wide1 fl>+2 suture %all[1 indi/9ct2 apex slightly po9t$1 ) a small depression at ! c5t]2 color purpli%-black2 dots num]\s1 small1 d>k russet1 inconspicu\s2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 adh]5t to ! pulp2 fle% d>k r$1 ) d>k color$ juice1 v meaty1 crisp1 mild1 some:at aromatic1 sweet2 ( good quality2 /one cl++1 long] ?an wide1 ovate1 flatt5$1 ) smoo? surfaces1 some:at m>k$ ) a r$di% t+e4 ,,d\ble ,,glass ,prunus avium ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ddj-dea1 #dhg-dij1 #fhi4 #ahai4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ea1 #eb4 #aheh4 #c4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #afc fig41 #afd4 #ahfj4 #d4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbi4 #ahhh4 #e4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hj4 #ahij4 #f4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #ag3g4 #ahib4 #g4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgd4 #aijc4 ,am>elle ,d\ble de ,v]re4 #h4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aig-bja1 fig4 #ee4 #ahff4 ,great ,cornelian4 #i4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bii4 #ahhd4 ,glass4 #aj4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3gj4 #aijc4 ,d\ble ,glass is a ,duke1 a hybrid m ne>ly resembl+ ! ,sweet ,*]ry ?an ! ,s\r ,*]ry4 ,! trees gr[ rem>kably well 9 nurs]y & or*>d & _! behavior s pleas$ gr[]s :5 ! v>iety 0 br\ght to notice t x became = a "t q ! vogue4 ,b ! trees turn$ out to be unproductive & ! *]ries s m$iocre t ! v>iety rapidly pass$ ?r\gh its heyday ( popul>ity4 ,! fruits are curi\sly m>k$1 ! suture be+ s deep z to make !m appe> d\ble--h5ce ! "n4 ,! v>iety has no value :]e sweet sorts are h>dy b possibly might f9d a ni*e some:]e 9 regions :]e a m t5d] ,sweet ,*]ry _c be gr[n4 ,?is v>iety1 ( anci5t & unkn[n orig91 dates back at lea/ to #agib :5 ,tru*sess receiv$ x f ,*ri/ "u ! names ,grosse ,frhkirs*e & ,englis*e ,erzh]zogskirs*e1 bo? ( :i* 7 incorrect1 ! fir/ because x 0 n *>act]i/ic s9ce ! fruit did n rip5 e>ly1 & ! second because x d5ot$ a class ( d>k-fle%$ *]ries4 ,9 ,france1 ,d\ble ,glass has long be5 cultivat$ "u ! "n ,am>elle ,d\ble de ,v]re4 ,! v>iety 0 br\ght to ,am]ica f ,russia 9 #ahhc by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd4 ,:ile gr[n = a "t 9 ! ,c5tral ,/ates x 0 nev] highly reg>d$ & has n[ ne>ly pass$ f cultivation4 ,! foll[+ description is a compilation3 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+ becom+ div]g5t ) age1 usually h>dy1 r unproductive2 bran*lets ?ick1 r$di%-br[n2 leaves heal?y1 small to m$ium1 ovate1 ) s]rat$ m>g9s2 buds l>ge1 prom95t4 ,fruit matures ! latt] "p ( ,june2 usually l>ge1 r\ndi%-oblate1 ) a v deep suture2 color light r$ becom+ mu* d>k] at maturity2 /em long1 ?ick2 sk9 ?91 t\gh1 transluc5t2 fle% yell[i%1 ) abundant uncolor$ juice1 firm1 t5d]1 sprightly2 good 9 quality2 /one m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%4 ,,d\ble ,,natte ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ech1 #eci4 #ahai4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bib4 #ahhd4 #c4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbg4 #ahhh4 #d4;,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3fg4 #aijc4 ,c]ise van d] ,nat4 #e4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3da4 #agga4 ,kirs*e von d] ,natte4 #f4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #fi1 #gj4 #agij4 #g4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #eci-edb4 #ahai4 #h4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #eji fig41 #eaj4 #ahfa4 ,budd's importations ( ,russian *]ries1 to :i* ref]5ce is s (t5 made 9 ?is text1 br\ght =? almo/ univ]sal praise = any & all ( ! =eign sorts4 ,cultural te/s soon demon/rat$1 h[ev]1 t mo/ ( ! v>ieties 7 comp>atively wor?less2 ,d\ble ,natte is "o ( ^!4 ,x is a v m$iocre *]ry ( ! ,morello gr\p 9 n[ise equal to ,engli% ,morello except :5 e>l9ess is a prime requisite1 ?is sort be+ "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ! ,morellos4 ,9 flavor x is equal to ,engli% ,morello b is no bett]4 ,at ,g5eva ! trees are seldom v fruitful4 ,f ! eulogi/ic reports ( its behavior 9 ! ,middle ,we/ x w\ld seem t x 0 bett] adapt$ to ,i[a1 = in/ance1 ?an = ,new ,york4 ,?is v>iety 0 fir/ m5tion$ by ,knoop1 ! ,dut* pomologi/1 9 #agga--orig9 n giv54 ,"s ye>s ago ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd also import$ f ,russia a *]ry "u ! "n ,riga ,no4 #ah4 ,?is *]ry has be5 gr[n z a sep>ate v>iety "u ! "n ,riga b ! descriptions ( x are all id5tical ) ^? ( ,d\ble ,natte & !re c be no d\bt b t !y are "o & ! same4 ,illu/ration3 ,,d\ble ,,natte ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 op5-topp$1 some:at vasi=m1 productive2 trunk & bran*es smoo?2 bran*es br[n ne>ly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 ) a few l>ge l5ticels2 bran*lets long1 ) %ort int]nodes1 br[n p>tly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 ) a few v l>ge1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 ?ree & ?ree-eigh?s in*es long1 "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 %ort-obovate1 ?ick1 /iff2 upp] surface glossy1 slightly rugose2 l[] surface pale gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t2 apex %>p-po9t$1 tap]+ t[>d ! base2 m>g9 co>sely s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole ?ick1 dull r$1 groov$ on ! upp] surface1 ne>ly "o in* long1 gl&less or ) "o or two small gl&s at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds conical or po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & 9 small clu/]s on spurs2 leaf-sc>s inconspicu\s2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 scatt]+ clu/]s 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels "o in* long1 sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube ) a fa9t r$di% t+e1 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes t+$ r$1 long1 acute1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals obovate1 entire1 tap]+ to %ort1 n>r[ claws1 ) a broad b %all[ not* at ! apex2 filam5ts ab\t "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures e>ly2 ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 cordate to conical1 compress$2 cavity some:at abrupt1 regul>2 suture deep1 di/9ct1 (t5 ext5d+ entirely ar\nd ! fruit2 apex depress$2 color d>k r$2 dots num]\s1 small1 br[ni%1 obscure2 /em sl5d]1 "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 adh]es /rongly to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t\gh1 sep>at+ readily f ! pulp2 fle% d>k r$1 ) r$di% juice1 t5d] & melt+1 sprightly1 s\r2 good to v good 9 quality2 /one ne>ly free1 long] ?an wide1 ne>ly r\nd1 slightly flatt5$1 ) smoo? surfaces2 some:at ridg$ along ! v5tral suture4 ,,d[n] ,prunus avium #a4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bah4 #ahce4 #b4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3ic1 #id1 ,pl4 #ahea4 ,d[n]'s ,r$ ,he>t4 #c4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bgf4 #ahcb4 ,d[n]'s ,late4 #d4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #eb4 #ahdh4 #e4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3fe1 ,pl4 #ahed4 ,guigne ,t>dive de ,d[n]4 #f4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ie fig41 #if1 #ig4 #ahff4 ,d[n] is a ,sweet ,*]ry1 "o ( ! s-call$ ,he>ts mu* priz$ by ^? :o "k x z a late *]ry delicately & ri*ly flavor$4 ,possibly x is ! be/ ( ! late ,sweet ,*]ries4 ,sev]al defects keep x f be+ ( any consid]able wor?2 x ?rives only 9 ! *oice/ soils2 ! trees are (t5 unheal?y z well z lack+ 9 vigor2 ! fle% is ?9 & ! /one is l>ge2 &1 ?\gh ! *]ries set abundantly1 ! yield is small because ! fruits are small4 ,s1 :ile ! v>iety is almo/ indisp5sable 9 a home or*>d1 rip5+ aft] almo/ all ( ! dess]t *]ries h gone1 ,d[n] has small place 9 a comm]cial plantation4 ,x %\ld be said fur!r 9 its favor1 h[ev]1 z a comm]cial fruit1 t x /&s h>ve/+ & %ipp+ v well4 ,d[n] takes ! "n ( ,samuel ,d[n]1 ,dor*e/]1 ,massa*usetts1 :o grew x "s "t be=e #ahcb :5 x fir/ f\nd a place 9 pomological works4 ,x 0 includ$ by ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 its s*$ule ( fruits 9 #ahdh z ,d[n]'s ,late4 ,x n[ appe>s z ,d[n] ) ,d[n]'s ,late ,r$ z a synonym 9 accordance ) ! rules ( ! ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,,d[n] ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 d5se-topp$1 productive2 trunk ?ick1 ) %aggy b>k2 bran*es ?ick1 r\gh5$1 d>k br[n ov]spread ) d>k gray1 ) num]\s l>ge l5ticels2 bran*lets sl5d]1 long1 br[n p>tly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 ) inconspicu\s1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 ?ree in*es long1 "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate1 r /iff2 upp] surface d>k gre52 l[] surface light gre51 hairy along ! ve9s2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 m>g9 d\bly s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole "o in* long1 ?ick1 d>k r$1 groov$1 gl&less or ) f "o to ?ree l>ge1 globose or r5i=m gl&s on ! /alk4 ,buds small1 except ! t]m9als :i* are l>ge1 po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds1 or 9 small clu/]s on %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 ?9 clu/]s 9 ones & 9 twos2 p$icels v>iable 9 l5g? (t5 "o in* long1 glabr\s2 calyx-tube fa9tly t+$ ) r$1 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes t+$ ) r$1 acum9ate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%1 entire1 some:at sessile1 ) a %all[ not* at ! apex2 pi/il glabr\s1 ne>ly equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?1 (t5 defective4 ,fruit matures among ! late/2 ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%-cordate1 slightly compress$2 cavity v %all[1 fl>+2 suture obscure2 apex v>iable 9 %ape usually some:at po9t$2 color light to d>k r$ frequ5tly %[+ an amb] backgr\nd on ! %ad$ side2 dots num]\s1 small1 russet1 inconspicu\s2 /em "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 t\gh1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% pale yell[1 ) colorless juice1 some:at /r+y1 t5d]1 ) s(t fle%1 mild & pleasant1 sweet :5 fully ripe2 good to v good 9 quality2 /one l>ge1 free1 ovate1 flatt5$1 ) smoo? surfaces2 some:at ridg$ along ! v5tral suture4 ,,dyeh\se ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,horticulturi/ #be3agf1 #agg4 #ahgj4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afa4 #ahha4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ag4 #ahig4 ,dyeh\se is conspicu\s among *]ries = its e>l9ess & = ! beauty ( its fruit4 ,e>ly ,ri*mond is ! /&>d e>ly *]ry yet ,dyeh\se is a week e>li]1 j z attractive 9 appe>ance & equally well flavor$4 ,x is ne> ( k9 to ,e>ly ,ri*mond b ! two may be di/+ui%$ by ! diff]5ce 9 "t ( rip5+ & by its bright]1 cle>] color1 great] opaqu5ess1 m highly color$ juice & slightly small] size4 ,possibly ?is *]ry w\ld sup]s$e ! bett]-kn[n ,e>ly ,ri*mond 7 x n = ! defect 9 size & = ! fur!r faults ( be+ less productive & m caprici\s to environm5t1 z x fails to ?rive 9 localities :]e ! old] sort is q at home4 ,x is a wor?y rival ( ,e>ly ,ri*mond1 h[ev]1 & ought to be gr[n bo? = home & comm]cial purposes f> m ?an x is4 ,to ,h4 ,t4 ,h>ris ( ,/am=d1 ,k5tucky1 belongs ! honor ( introduc+ ?is well-kn[n *]ry4 ,al?\gh its p>5tage is unkn[n1 x is almo/ c]ta9 t a ,mr4 ,dyeh\se1 ,l9coln ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky1 rais$ ! tree f a pit sixty or m ye>s ago4 ,at ! "t ( its introduction its *>act]i/ics 7 n cle>ly drawn & _m believ$ x to be ! ,e>ly ,ri*mond4 ,9 "t1 h[ev]1 diff]5ces 7 %[n1 z we h set =? 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph4 ,x 0 add$ to ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahig4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dyeh\se ,tree small1 vigor\s1 spread+1 ) droop+ bran*lets1 d5se1 r\nd-topp$1 productive2 trunk & bran*es slightly r\gh5$2 bran*es r$di%-br[n cov]$ ) d>k a%-gray1 ) l>ge1 elongat$1 rais$ l5ticels2 bran*lets sl5d]1 will[y1 v>iable 9 l5g?1 br[n ov]spread ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 ) a few small1 inconspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 ?ree in*es long1 "o & "o-half in*es wide1 slightly fold$ upw>d1 obovate to long-oval2 upp] surface v d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface light gre51 ) a few hairs along ! midrib2 apex acute1 base v>iable 9 %ape2 m>g9 f9ely s]rate1 ) small1 d>k gl&s2 petiole "o-half in* long1 t+$ ) dull r$1 ) a few hairs along ! groov$ upp] surface1 ) f "o to ?ree small1 globose1 gre5i%-yell[ gl&s at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds small1 %ort1 obtuse1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly & 9 clu/]s on %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s "o in* across1 :ite2 borne 9 d5se b well-di/ribut$ clu/]s1 usually at ! ends ( spur-l bran*es1 9 twos1 ?rees or f\rs2 p$icels "o & "o-half in*es long1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube gre51 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes t+$ ) r$1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%-obovate1 entire1 almo/ sessile1 ) entire apex2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 ne>ly equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures e>ly2 m ?an "o-half in* 9 diamet]1 oblate1 slightly compress$2 cavity ( m$ium dep?1 n>r[1 abrupt1 regul>2 suture indi/9ct2 apex flatt5$1 ) a small depression at ! c5t]2 color d>k r$2 dots num]\s1 small1 obscure2 /em "o in* long1 adh]+ to ! pulp2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 fle% light yell[i%-:ite1 ) p9ki% juice1 t5d]1 sprightly1 t>t2 ( v good quality2 /one ne>ly free1 ovate1 slightly flatt5$1 ) smoo? surfaces2 some:at ridg$ along ! v5tral suture4 ,,eagle ,prunus avium #a4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ajd3hd4 #ahid4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ag4 #ahig4 ,black ,eagle4 #c4 ,pr9ce ,treat4 ,hort4 #ca4 #ahbh4 #d4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #c3abg1 ,pl4 #abg4 #ahcj4 #e4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bgd1 #bge4 #ahcb4 #f4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agj fig4 #fb4 #ahde4 #g4 ,floy-,l9dley ,guide ,or*4 ,g>d4 #ajb4 #ahdf4 #h4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ad3chf1 #chg fig4 #cg4 #ahdh4 #i4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #eb4 #ahdh4 #aj4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3he1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #aa4 ,horticulturi/ ,n4 ,s4 #d3bhg4 #ahed4 #ab4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ajh1 #ahf4 #ahef4 #ac4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3gg-gi1 fig4 #ab4 #ahff4 #ad4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3hc1 #hd1 fig4 #db4 #ahhb4 #ae4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bhe1 #bhf4 #ahhd4 #af4 ,cornell ,/a4 ,bul4 #ih3dia fig4 #hf4 #ahie4 ,we hesitat+ly foll[ ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 call+ ?is v>iety ,eagle :5 x has s long be5 kn[n z ,black ,eagle1 ! "n giv5 x by ! great pomologi/1 ,knight4 ,7 ?is *oicely good *]ry l>g] 9 size1 x w\ld /ill be a prime favorite ) gr[]s = 9 _m respects x is "o ( ! be/ v>ieties ( its species4 ,its flavor is excell5t2 ! trees are usually fruitful2 x rip5s at a good "t 9 ! *]ry season1 j aft] ,black ,t>t>ian2 ! *]ries are less liable to crack ?an _m ( its rivals2 & ! trees are z h>dy1 heal?y & vigor\s z ^? ( any ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,"s compla9 t ! trees d n be> well at fir/ b are productive only ) age4 ,b1 aft] all1 x is its high quality t gives ,eagle s mu* m]it t x ought n to be =gott5--makes x wor? a place 9 e home or*>d & comm5ds x highly to comm]cial gr[]s ( *]ries :o want a f9ely f9i%$ product = ei!r local or g5]al m>ket4 ,! fruit-/ems ( ?is v>iety are *>act]i/ically long4 ,eagle 0 gr[n ab\t #ahjf by ,sir ,?omas ,&rew ,knight at ,d[nton ,ca/le1 ,wilt%ire1 ,engl&1 by f]tiliz+ ! ,big>reau ( ! old writ]s1 our ,yell[ ,spani%1 ) poll5 ( ! ,may ,duke4 ,! correctness ( ! p>5tage z giv5 has be5 que/ion$ because ( its inh]it$ *>act]i/ics4 ,b if ! ,may ,duke is a hybrid betwe5 a ,sweet & a ,s\r1 a pure ,sweet (fspr+ is n an impossibility4 ,9 #ahbc1 ,honorable ,john ,l[ell ( ,massa*usetts receiv$ ,eagle f ,knight4 ,pr9ce m5tion$ ?is *]ry 9 8 ,treatise ( ,horticulture1 #ahbh1 b ! exact date ( its introduction into ,new ,york is unkn[n4 ,9 #ahdh x 0 plac$ on ! li/ ( fruits adopt$ by ! ,national ,conv5tion ( ,fruit ,gr[]s & s9ce !n x has be5 reta9$ on ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,,eagle ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 d5se1 unproductive at fir/ b improv+ ) age2 trunk & bran*es ?ick1 smoo?2 bran*es r$di%-br[n p>tly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 ) num]\s small l5ticels2 bran*lets ?ick1 br[ni% p>tly cov]$ ) light a%-gray1 ! surface slightly ribb$ & ) small1 rais$1 inconspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 five in*es long1 two & "o-half in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 long1 obovate to elliptical1 ?92 upp] surface d>k gre51 rugose2 l[] surface light gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t2 apex v>iable 9 %ape2 m>g9 co>sely & d\bly s]rate1 ) d>k gl&s2 petiole ne>ly two in*es long1 t+$ ) r$1 ) a few hairs1 ) f two to f\r r5i=m1 br[ni% gl&s usually on ! /alk4 ,buds l>ge1 conical or po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & 9 clu/]s on spurs ( m$ium l5g?2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom m$ium2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-eigh? in*es across2 borne 9 scatt]$ clu/]s 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels "o in* long1 sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube gre5 fa9tly t+$ ) r$1 campanulate2 calyx-lobes ) a trace ( r$1 obtuse1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals irregul>-oval1 cr5ate1 ) %ort1 blunt claws & ) a cr5ate apex2 an!rs yell[i%2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 ne>ly "o in* 9 diamet]1 oblate1 some:at cordate1 compress$2 cavity regul>1 fl>+2 suture a fa9t groove2 apex po9t$ or slightly depress$2 color d>k r$ almo/ black2 dots small1 russet1 m$ium 9 numb]1 obscure2 /em sl5d]1 two in*es long2 sk9 ?91 t5d]2 fle% d>k r$1 ) w9e-color$ juice1 meaty1 t5d]1 crisp1 pleasant flavor$1 mild1 sweet2 v good to be/ 9 quality2 /one free except along ! v5tral suture1 r small1 ovate1 slightly flatt5$1 blunt1 ) smoo? surfaces2 ridg$ along ! v5tral suture4 ,,e>ly ,,may ,prunus fruticosa #a4 ,langley ,pomona #hf1 ,pl4 #ag fig4 #b4 #agbi4 #b4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aca4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dgi4 #ahfi4 #d4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bie4 #ahhd4 ,may4 #e4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #ega4 #afbi4 ,c]isi] ,na9 ,fruit ,rond ,prcoce4 #f4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afh1 #afi1 #agj1 ,pl4 ,,iii4 #agfh4 ,frhe ,zw]gwei*sel4 #g4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dib-dih4 #ahai4 #h4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdi1 #cej1 #cgb4 #ahhi4 ,am>ell-,wei*sel4 #i4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3eg1 #eh4 #aheh4 ,prcoce de ,montreuil4 #aj4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3ada1 #adb1 fig4 #fi4 #ahff-gc4 ,griotti] ,na9 ,prcoce4 #aa4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bic fig41 #bid4 #ahgg4 ,z ! only cultivat$ repres5tative ( ! ,european ,dw>f ,*]ry1 ,e>ly ,may %\ld be ( especial int]e/ to *]ry-gr[]s4 ,x is a true dw>f v>iety1 ! trees seldom atta9+ a height ( m ?an six or sev5 feet4 ,bo? tree & bran*es are v flexible s t ,e>ly ,may is well adapt$ to ! wall-tra9+ ( ,european c\ntries4 ,x has fur!r value 9 its e>l9ess1 be+ ! e>lie/ ( all *]ries4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ! v>iety c n[ be obta9$ 9 ,am]ica b x ought to be re9troduc$ bo? = ! fruit & because x is a h&some ornam5tal4 ,e>ly ,may has sev]al *>act]s to recomm5d x to plant-bre$]s4 ,! description h]e) giv5 is compil$ f ,european fruit-books4 ,pl9y 9 8 ,natural ,hi/ory m5tions ! ,mac$onian & ! ,*amaec]asus *]ries1 bo? ( :i* we n[ believe to h be5 ,prunus fruticosa1 ! ,european ,dw>f ,*]ry4 ,e>ly ,may1 accord+ to ,european botani/s1 is a v>iety ( ?is dw>f species & may be ! id5tical *]ry t ,pl9y describ$4 ,foll[+ ,pl9y x 0 m5tion$ by ,e/i5ne1 a ,fr5*man1 9 #aedj1 by ,knoop1 ! ,dut* pomologi/1 9 #agga1 by ,p>k9son1 ! ,engli% h]bali/1 9 #afbi1 &1 z ! ref]5ces %[1 by mo/ pomologi/s s9ce4 ,! names ,may & ,e>ly ,may h be5 appli$ to sev]al v>ieties1 & especially 9 ! ,we/ to ! ,e>ly ,ri*mond b all are di/9ct & ought n to be confus$ ) ?is1 ! true v>iety4 ,tree v small1 r weak2 bran*es num]\s1 sl5d]1 some:at curv$1 flexible1 bran*lets sl5d]1 p5dant2 leaves abundant1 v small1 obovate or oblong1 acum9ate2 m>g9 irregul>ly & deeply s]rate2 petiole %ort1 sl5d]1 )\t gl&s2 bloom+ season v e>ly2 fl[]s small2 petals oval4 ,fruit matures v e>ly1 usually atta*$ 9 pairs2 small1 r\ndi%1 slightly flatt5$2 suture indi/9ct2 color bright r$ becom+ d>k r$ at full maturity2 /em "o in* long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a small1 regul> cavity2 sk9 ?92 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 sometimes t+$ r$ "u ! sk91 t5d]1 juicy1 brisk b pleasant subacid2 quality fair2 /one v small1 r\ndi%4 ,,e>ly ,,morello ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aah4 #aijj4 #b4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bge4 #aijc4 ,orel ,no4 #bc4 #c4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbg4 #ahhh4 #d4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3fh1 #gg fig4 #ag4 #aijc4 ,?is1 :i* we ?9k is ! true ,e>ly ,morello1 is wor?y an ext5d$ description 9 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york *iefly because !re are sev]al *]ries ( ?is "n4 ,! confusion results 9 mu* vexation to *]ry-gr[]s 9 ! ,we/ :]e1 only1 ^! *]ries h be5 plant$4 ,! full description %\ld make cle> at lea/ ! "* ( ! v>iety :i* is be+ gr[n at ?is ,/ation z ,e>ly ,morello4 ,ab\t all t c be said ( ! v>iety z x gr[s "h is t ! trees are h>dy1 heal?y1 vigor\s1 fruitful & regul> 9 be>+4 ,! *]ries %[ ! v>iety to be ( ! ,am>elle gr\p b are su* z to make x f> inf]ior to ,montmor5cy & o!r well-kn[n ,am>elles4 ,! "n is mislead+1 z ! v>iety has little 9 common1 9 tree or fruit1 ) ! true ,morellos4 ,! *]ry describ$ "h z ,e>ly ,morello 0 introduc$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd f ,orel1 ,russia1 z ,orel ,no4 #bc4 ,x has prov$ v productive & h>dy ?r\gh\t ! ,we/ & resembles ,e>ly ,ri*mond1 ?\gh small]1 a trifle d>k]1 less acid & a week lat]4 ,a d>k-fle%$ v>iety f ,erfurt1 ,prussia1 0 s5t out f ,ros$ale1 ,kansas1 :]e x is kn[n z ,e>ly ,morello4 ,?is1 & "o by ,d4 ,u4 ,re$1 ,blue ,spr+s1 ,nebraska1 appe> to be v simil> to ! ,nor?we/1 or ,wi] ,no4 #bi4 ,tree ( m$ium size & vigor1 upright-spread+1 v productive2 trunk r ?ick1 %aggy2 bran*es ) num]\s l>ge l5ticels2 bran*lets sl5d]1 %ort2 leaves two & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 "o & "o-half in*es wide1 ?ick1 /iff1 d>k gre51 r glossy1 smoo?2 m>g9 f9ely & d\bly s]rate1 ) small1 d>k gl&s2 petiole gl&less or ) f "o to ?ree small1 globose1 br[n or yell[i% gl&s v>iable 9 position2 buds small1 %ort1 obtuse1 9 small clu/]s at ! ends ( sl5d]1 bran*like spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom late2 fl[]s "o in* across2 pi/il equal to or slightly long] ?an ! /am5s1 sometimes defective4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 oblate1 compress$2 color attractive d>k r$2 /em "o in* long1 adh]+ to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% light yell[1 ) p9ki% juice1 t5d] & melt+1 sprightly1 t>t2 ( v good quality2 /one free1 ovate1 flatt5$1 slightly po9t$1 ) smoo? surfaces1 some:at t+$ ) r$4 ,,e>ly ,,purple ,prunus avium #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,purple ,*]ry4 #b4 ,ray ,hi/4 ,plant4 #aedj4 #afhh4 ,e>ly ,purple ,guigne4 #c4 ,cultivator ,n4 ,s4 #d3bhj fig4 #b4 #ahdg4 #d4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3ic1 #id1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ee4 #aheb4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #baa4 #ahef4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3abi1 #acj1 fig4 #fc4 #ahff-gc4 #h4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3eg fig4 #c1 #eh1 #ei4 #ahff4 #i4 ,horticulturi/ #be3ga fig4 #ahgj4 #aj4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ccd1 #cce fig41 #ccf4 #ahgg4 #aa4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bie4 #ahhd4 #ab4 ,guide ,prat4 #f1 #aic4 #ahie4 ,purple ,guigne4 #ac4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aie fig4 #ahed4 ,e>ly ,purple is a valuable *]ry on acc\nt ( its e>l9ess1 its attractive color & high quality4 ,! trees be> well & regul>ly aft] hav+ become e/abli%$ 9 ! or*>d4 ,! v>iety has ! reputation ( be+ a poor gr[] 9 ! nurs]y & z a "y tree 9 ! or*>d b ) age x takes on vigor & at all times is z heal?y z ^? ( any ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,m ?an mo/ *]ries1 ?is v>iety responds to good c>e & a *oice *]ry soil--a w>m1 free-work+ loam be+ be/4 ,a r unusual & s]i\s defect ( ?is v>iety is t ! fruit-spurs are easily brok5 dur+ pick+ & ! crop ( ! next season !reby cut %ort4 ,ano!r fault is t x is ! favorite food ( ! rob9 :]e ?is1 ! wor/ ( all *]ry pe/s1 ab\nds4 ,! *]ries ( ?is v>iety d n atta9 _! ri* purple color until full maturity is rea*$4 ,hogg1 ! ,engli% pomologi/1 ma9ta9s t ,e>ly ,purple does bett] on ! ,mahaleb ?an on ! ,mazz>d /ock4 ,no home collection %\ld be )\t ?is v>iety & x c (t5 be pr(itably gr[n z an e>ly *]ry = ! local m>ket4 ,e>ly ,purple is ! ,e>ly ,purple ,guigne ( mo/ fruit-books1 ! "n hav+ be5 %ort5$ by ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society1 ?\gh1 s9ce ! v>iety goes back to ! ,e>ly ,purple ( ,ray 9 #afhh1 ! "n "h us$ has ! "r ( prec$5ce4 ,z to :at ! orig9 & hi/ory ( ! v>iety 7 be=e ,ray m5tion$ x1 we c f9d no record4 ,e>ly ,purple 0 br\ght to ,am]ica ov] a hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,accord+ to ,elliott1 ea/]n gr[]s receiv$ x directly f ,engl&1 :ile 9 ! ,we/ x 0 br\ght ov] by a p>ty ( ,g]man emigrants1 "u ! "n ,g]man ,may ,duke & z su* x is /ill mu* gr[n 9 localities 9 ! ,c5tral ,we/4 ,9 #aheb1 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society li/$ ,e>ly ,purple z "o ( ! promis+ new fruits & lat]1 9 #ahef1 x 0 giv5 a place1 :i* x has s9ce reta9$1 on ! ,society's catalog ( fruits recomm5d$ = g5]al cultivation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,purple ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 op5-topp$1 v productive2 trunk ?ick1 smoo?2 bran*es smoo?1 r$di%-br[n p>tly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 ) l>ge l5ticels2 bran*lets %ort1 br[n p>tly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 r\gh5$1 ) a few small1 inconspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 f\r in*es long1 "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 oval to obovate1 ?92 upp] surface d>k gre51 rugose2 l[] surface light gre51 v lightly pubesc5t2 apex & base acute2 m>g9 f9ely s]rate1 ) small1 d>k color$ gl&s2 petiole "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 sl5d]1 t+$ ) r$1 ) few hairs1 ) two or ?ree small1 globose1 r$di% gl&s on ! /alk4 ,buds v>iable 9 size & %ape1 r long1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & 9 small clu/]s on spurs v>iable 9 l5g?2 season ( bloom e>ly2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 scatt]+ clu/]s1 usually 9 twos2 p$icels *>act]i/ically long1 (t5 "o & "o-f\r? in*es1 sl5d]1 glabr\s2 calyx-tube ) a fa9t t+e ( r$1 campanulate2 calyx-lobes t+$ ) r$1 long1 acute1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals broadly oval1 s]rate1 ) %ort1 blunt claws & a %all[1 not*$ apex2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures v e>ly2 "o in* 9 diamet]1 cordate1 slightly compress$2 cavity regul>2 suture a fa9t l9e2 apex po9t$2 color purpli%-black2 dots num]\s1 small1 grayi%1 obscure2 /em t+$ ) r$1 sl5d]1 ne>ly two in*es long1 adh]+ to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 sep>at+ readily f ! pulp2 fle% d>k r$di%-purple1 ) d>k color$ juice1 t5d]1 melt+1 mild1 sweet2 ( v good quality2 /one free except along ! v5tral suture1 r l>ge1 broadly oval1 compress$ ne> ! apex1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,,e>ly ,,ri*mond ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,?a*] ,am4 ,or*4 #bag4 #ahbb4 #b4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adb4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aid1 #aie fig4 #ahed4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ab4 #ahga4 #e4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aae fig41 #aaf4 #aijj4 ,fl&]s4 #f4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #ega4 #afbi4 ,k5ti%4 #g4 ,mill] ,g>d4 ,kal4 #aed4 #agcd4 #h4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ffj1 #ffa4 #ahai4 #i4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aif fig41 #aig4 #ahde4 #aj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #aa4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3be1 #bf1 fig4 #aa4 #ahff-gc4 ,c]isi] ,htif4 #ab4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3agj1 #aga1 ,pl4 ,,iv4 #agfh4 #ac4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #feg1 #feh1 #fia4 #ahai4 #ad4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #ac1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #ae4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cdc1 #cdd fig41 #cde4 #ahgg4 ,c]ise de ,volg]4 #af4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #dc4 #agga4 ,frhzeitige ,am>elle4 #ag4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #faf-fah4 #ahai4 #ah4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3gj4 #aheh4 ,e>ly ,griotte4 #ai4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aca1 #acb4 #ahcb4 ,fr5*4 #bj4 ,quebec ,pom4 ,fr4 ,gr4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #abb1 #abc4 #aijf4 ,e>ly ,ri*mond has long be5 ! lead+ ,s\r ,*]ry ( its season--! fir/ ( its k9d 9 ! m>kets4 ,x is n a rem>kable v>iety 9 its fruit-*>act]s1 ! *]ries be+ b m$ium 9 size1 m$iocre 9 quality & n h&som] ?an o!r ,am>elles ) :i* x belongs4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a v good cul9>y fruit & :5 well rip5$ may be eat5 out ( h& ) reli% by ^? :o l ! refre%+ acidity ( a ,s\r ,*]ry4 ,?\gh n 9 ne>ly z great dem& = cann+ z ,montmor5cy x /ill makes a v good cann$ product1 be+ us$ m ?an x o!rwise w\ld be to prolong ! cann+ season because ( its e>l9ess4 ,be=e *]ries 7 l>gely cann$ = ! m>kets1 ,e>ly ,ri*mond 0 mu* us$ 9 mak+ dri$ *]ries1 ! product1 rightly cur$1 mak+ a delici\s sweetmeat :i* w\ld keep = sev]al mon?s4 ,! *]ries are rem>kable = ! t5acity ) :i* ! /one cl+s to ! /em4 ,x is ! tree 9 :i* ! ,e>ly ,ri*mond p>ticul>ly surpasses4 ,x ?rives 9 v>i$ soils & climates f ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce to ! ,c>ol9as & f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific--possibly ! mo/ cosmopolitan ( all *]ries--& ev]y:]e vigor\s1 heal?y & fruitful4 ,= ! _m purposes = :i* x may be us$ & because ( ! *>act]s ( ! tree1 ,e>ly ,ri*mond is indisp5sable 9 e home & comm]cial or*>d = an e>ly *]ry4 ,aft] ,montmor5cy x is m l>gely gr[n ?an any o!r *]ry1 ,sweet or ,s\r1 9 ,new ,york4 ,e>ly ,ri*mond is ! old ,k5ti% ( ,engli% writ]s1 confus$ m or less ) ! diff]5t ,montmor5cies4 ,:e!r or n ?is v>iety 0 introduc$ into ,k5t1 ,engl&1 by ! ,romans & became ?us e>ly ! ,k5ti% or :e!r x came f ,fl&]s or ,holl& :]e x 0 call$ ,c]ise de ,volg]1 is n n[ c]ta94 ,probably1 h[ev]1 x is "o ( ! _m se$l+s ( ! ,c]ise ,commune1 z are ! ,montmor5cies1 & 0 fir/ kn[n z ,c]isi] ,htif4 ,e>ly 9 ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury ! g>d5] ( ,h5ry ,,viii made ext5sive plant+s 9 ,k5t ) trees suppos$ to h come f ,fl&]s1 & ,p>k9son1 9 #afbi1 m5tions a v>iety z ,fl&]s :i* 0 probably ?is *]ry4 ,! v>iety1 soon kn[n by _m ,engli% writ]s z ,k5ti%1 0 confus$ by ! ,fr5* :o seem to h _h two ,k5ti% *]ries4 ,9 ,engli% nurs]ies ,k5ti% 0 soon confus$ ) ,montmor5cy4 ,9 ?is way ! t]ms ,k5ti%1 ,fl&]s1 ,flemi% & ,montmor5cy came into use = ?is sort4 ,x 0 e>ly br\ght to ,am]ica :]e x became kn[n z ,e>ly ,ri*mond b ev5 "h x has sev]al names4 ,! belief t x orig9at$ at ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia1 0 due to ! fact t ,william ,pr9ce secur$ 8 fir/ trees f t s\rce4 ,by :om ! v>iety 0 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry is unkn[n1 al?\gh ,?a*] speaks ( x z e>ly z #ahbb4 ,9 ! ,s\? x became kn[n z ,virg9ia ,may1 :ile 9 ! ,we/ x has be5 call$ ,e>ly ,may4 ,! v>iety appe>$ on ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society z ,k5ti% 9 #ahfb b 9 #ahga ! "n 0 *ang$ to ,e>ly ,ri*mond4 ,x is li/$ by all prom95t nurs]ies 9 ?is c\ntry z ,ri*mond or ,e>ly ,ri*mond :ile 9 ,engl& x is /ill kn[n z ,k5ti%4 ,! ,fr5* *]ry1 (t5 spok5 ( z ! common ,fr5* *]ry1 introduc$ into ! l[] ,/4 ,lawr5ce region1 is v simil> to ,e>ly ,ri*mond4 ,?is /ra91 propagat$ f se$ or spr\ts1 seems to be some:at h>di] ?an ,e>ly ,ri*mond & v>ies slightly f x 9 size & quality4 ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,ri*mond ,tree ( m$ium size1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 d5se1 r\nd-topp$1 productive2 trunk & bran*es smoo?2 bran*es r$di%-br[n lightly ov]spread ) dull gray1 ) num]\s l5ticels2 bran*lets sl5d]1 long1 grayi%1 smoo?1 ) num]\s small1 inconspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 ?ree & "o-half in*es long1 "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre52 apex v>iable 9 %ape1 base abrupt2 m>g9 f9ely & d\bly s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole gl&less or ) "o or two globose1 gre5i%-yell[ gl&s at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds small1 %ort1 obtuse1 v plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly & 9 clu/]s on v %ort spurs2 blooms appe>+ 9 mid-season2 fl[]s "o & "o-f\r? in*es across1 :ite2 borne 9 scatt]+ clu/]s1 usually 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels five-eigh?s in* long1 glabr\s2 calyx-tube gre5 or fa9tly t+$ ) r$1 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes ) a trace ( r$1 obtuse1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%1 entire1 sessile1 ) a %all[1 wide not* at ! apex2 filam5ts ov] "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures e>ly2 ?ree-f\r?s in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%-oblate1 compress$2 cavity abrupt1 regul>2 suture indi/9ct2 apex r\ndi% or flatt5$1 ) a slight depression at ! c5t]2 color light r$ *ang+ to d>k r$2 dots num]\s1 small1 russet1 inconspicu\s2 /em sl5d]1 "o in* long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 r t\gh1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% pale yell[1 ) light p9ki% juice1 /r+y1 t5d] & melt+1 sprightly1 pleasant flavor$2 good to v good 9 quality2 /one free1 small1 r\ndi%-ovate1 slightly po9t$1 ) smoo? surfaces2 some:at r\gh5$ along ! v5tral suture4 ,,elkhorn ,prunus avium #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aag4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bac4 #ahed4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahii4 ,john ,tradescantes ,*]rie4 #d4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egd4 #afbi4 ,h]togs-,k]s4 #e4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #dj4 #agga4 ,grosse ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 #f4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ahj-aib4 #ahai4 #g4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3cf4 #aheh4 #h4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #hi fig41 #ij4 #ahfj4 #i4 ,lau*e ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,iii3 ,no4 #f1 ,pl4 #ahhb4 #aj4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ceg1 #ceh4 #ahhi4 ,tradescant's ,black ,he>t4 #aa4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahh fig41 #ahi4 #ahde4 #ab4 ,?ompson ,g>d4 ,ass't #ebf4 #ahei4 #ac4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,gros ,big>reau ,noir4 #ad4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ajh-aaa1 fig4 #bd4 #ahff4 #ae4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bbd1 #bbe fig41 #bbf4 #ahgg4 ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,*]ry4 #af4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #aje1 ,pl4 #edb4 #ahha4 ,elkhorn has s]v$ its day & is n[ be+ rapidly sup]s$$ by o!r *]ries ( ! ,big>reau gr\p to :i* x belongs4 ,x 0 valu$ by ! old pomologi/s because ( ! l>ge size ( ! fruit1 ! firm fle%1 late rip5+1 ri* flavor1 & because x hangs well on ! tree long aft] maturity4 ,b x fails 9 competition ) o!r ,big>reaus 9 be>+ *]ries q v>iable 9 size1 9 ! dim9i%+ size ( ! fruit z ! trees atta9 age & m ?an all else 9 be+ b mod]ately productive4 ,! b>k ( ! trunk & ma9 bran*es is s heavily ov]spread ) gray z to make ?is a di/+ui%+ m>k4 ,! fruit1 too1 is di/9ct 9 appe>ance by reason ( ! irregul> surface ( ! sk94 ,! v>iety possesses no *>act]s1 z x usually gr[s1 to make x wor? plant+ ei!r = home or m>ket4 ,! hi/ory ( ?is old *]ry 0 almo/ hopelessly confus$ by ! e>ly horticulturi/s by ! va/ numb] ( names !y us$ = x1 _m ( :i* belong$ to o!r v>ieties4 ,elkhorn is suppos$ to h be5 rais$ by ,john ,tradescant1 g>d5] to ,*>les ,i ( ,engl&1 "u ! "n ,tradescant's ,black ,he>t4 ,( ?is *]ry1 ,john ,p>k9son 9 #afbi says3 ,john ,tradescantes ,*]rie is mo/ usually sold by our ,nurs]y ,g>d9]s1 = ! ,ar*dukes *]rie1 because !y h m pl5ty !re(1 & w bett] be increas$1 & because x is s faire & good a *]rie t x may be obtrud$ )\t mu* discont5t3 x is a reasonably good be>]1 a faire great b]rie1 deepe col\r$1 & a little po9t$4 ,x is n kn[n :5 or h[ ,elkhorn got to ,am]ica4 ,! fir/ *]ry-gr[] 9 ?is c\ntry to m5tion x 0 ,william ,pr9ce1 9 #ahcb1 :o says t 8 fa!r notic$ ! v>iety gr[+ 9 a g>d5 next to a hotel 9 ,m>yl& ab\t #agig & br\ght cions ( x to ,new ,york aft]w>ds propagat+ & sell+ x "u ! "n ,elkhorn giv5 to ! *]ry by ! hotel proprietor4 ,elkhorn 0 at "o "t v popul> & well dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates & is sold n[ by a l>ge numb] ( nurs]ym5 ei!r "u ! "n ,tradescant's ,black ,he>t or z ,elkhorn4 ,9 #ahfb1 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society li/$ 9 its fruit catalog ,tradescant's ,black ,he>t b dropp$ x 9 #ahgg4 ,9 #ahii ?is ,society plac$ ! v>iety 9 its catalog "u ! "n ,elkhorn & x /ill rema9s on its li/ ( recomm5d$ fruits4 ,f its hi/ory x is app>5t t ?is *]ry is rightly call$ ,tradescant or ,black ,he>t or by "s comb9ation ( ^! t]ms b ,elkhorn has be5 adopt$ by ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society1 is ev]y:]e 9 common use on ?is cont95t & is s di/9ctive t we *oose = ?is text ! new] "n4 ,tree l>ge1 v vigor\s1 upright1 op5-topp$1 mod]ately productive2 trunk /ocky1 smoo?2 bran*es /\t1 smoo?1 ) num]\s small l5ticels1 r$di%-br[n heavily ov]spread ) a%-gray2 bran*lets ?ick4 ,leaves num]\s1 ?ree & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 two & "o-f\r? in*es wide1 %ort-oval to obovate1 ?92 upp] surface m$ium gre51 r\ghi%2 l[] surface dull1 light gre51 lightly pubesc5t2 apex acute2 m>g9 co>sely s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole ) f "o to ?ree rais$ gl&s ( m$ium size1 v>iable 9 %ape1 usually on ! /alk4 ,fruit matures 9 late mid-season2 ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 cordate to conical1 slightly compress$2 cavity deep1 wide1 fl>+2 suture indi/9ct2 apex r\ndi% or po9t$1 ) a slight depression at ! c5t]2 color purpli%-black2 dots num]\s1 small1 d>k russet1 inconspicu\s2 /em "o & ?ree-eigh?s in*es long1 adh]+ to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 adh]+ some:at to ! pulp2 fle% a *>act]i/ically d>k purpli%-r$1 ) v d>k color$ juice1 meaty1 firm1 crisp1 mild1 sweet2 ( good quality2 /one semi-free1 ovate1 flatt5$1 slightly po9t$1 ) smoo? surfaces1 t+$ ) r$4 ,,elton ,prunus avium #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #di4 #ahca4 #b4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aba1 #abb4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #b3ib1 ,pl #ahci4 #d4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahf fig4 #gg4 #ahde4 #e4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #eb4 #ahdh4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ge4 #ahej4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #aheb4 #h4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aid fig4 #ahed4 #i4 ,?ompson ,g>d4 ,ass't #ebh4 #ahei4 #aj4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #aje fig41 #ajf4 #ahfj4 #aa4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ia fig4 #ag1 #ib1 #ic4 #ahff4 #ab4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfc fig4 #ahfi4 #ac4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3aif1 #aig fig4 #ahgg4 ,fle% ,col\r$ ,big>reau4 #ad4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abh4 #ahcb4 #ae4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahb fig4 #gd4 #ahde4 #af4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3aib1 #aic fig4 #ahgg4 ,elton has be5 freely recomm5d$ & widely cultivat$ 9 ,europe & ,am]ica = ! pa/ c5tury & probably no *]ry has giv5 m g5]al satisfaction4 ,! v>iety is di/+ui%$ by ! =m1 color1 fle% & flavor ( its fruit4 ,! *]ries are oblong-he>t-%ap$--possibly too mu* drawn out = be/ appe>ance & (t5 too oblique2 ! color1 v well %[n 9 ! color-plate1 is mo/ attractive & makes up = any defect 9 %ape--a d>k r$ mottl$ ) amb]1 v bright1 cle> & glossy2 ! fle%1 a little too s(t to %ip well1 is delicate & mo/ pleas+ to ! palate2 ! flavor is peculi>ly ri* & lusci\s be+ h>dly surpass$ by t ( any o!r *]ry4 ,! trees may be z readily told z ! fruit1 by ! unusually d>k r$ color ( ! petioles ( ! leaves4 ,! bran*es are /\t & be> ! crop ?ickly plac$ close to ! wood & 9 prodigi\s quantities4 ,un=tunately x has a fault :i* 9 ,am]ica1 at lea/1 makes x almo/ unfit = a comm]cial plantation4 ,br[n-rot1 ! sc\rge ( ! ,sweet ,*]ry1 attacks ?is v>iety m aggressively ?an almo/ any o!r sort & = ?is reason1 :ile its m]its c h>dly be too highly spok5 (1 ,elton mu/ rema9 = mo/ "p a v>iety = ! home or*>d4 ,! tree1 p]fect 9 mo/ respects1 is a little t5d] to cold4 ,l]oy1 ! ,fr5* pomologi/1 ?9ks x does bett] on ,mahaleb ?an on ! ,mazz>d /ock4 ,?is is ano!r *]ry f ,?omas ,&rew ,knight1 ! great ,engli% pomologi/4 ,knight fruit$ x fir/ ab\t #ahjf1 ! tree com+ f a pit ( ,yell[ ,spani%1 ! pat]nal p>5t be+ ,:ite ,he>t4 ,f ! fir/ x took a high place 9 ,engli% & cont95tal pomology z x did also 9 ,am]ica ^u be+ br\ght "h 9 #ahbc4 ,! v>iety is ev]y:]e kn[n & gr[n 9 ,am]ica & is = sale by _m nurs]ym54 ,elton 0 "o ( ! fruits to receive att5tion at ! fir/ meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahdh1 & 9 #aheb 0 put on ! li/ ( recomm5d$ fruits :]e x /ill rema9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,elton ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 op5-topp$1 v productive2 trunk ?ick1 smoo?2 bran*es smoo?1 r$di%-br[n cov]$ ) a%-gray1 ) small l5ticels2 bran*lets long1 br[n p>tly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 ) inconspicu\s1 rais$ l5ticels1 int]m$iate 9 numb] & size4 ,leaves num]\s1 five & "o-half in*es long1 two & "o-half in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 long-obovate to elliptical1 ?92 upp] surface d>k gre51 rugose2 l[] surface light gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 m>g9 d\bly s]rate1 ) small1 d>k gl&s2 petiole two in*es long1 heavily t+$ ) r$1 ) a few scatt]+ hairs along ! upp] surface1 ) f two to f\r r5i=m or globose1 r$di%-br[n gl&s on ! /alk4 ,buds l>ge1 long1 po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & on v %ort spurs v>iable 9 size2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 mid-season 9 bloom+2 fl[]s "o & "o-half in*es across1 :ite2 borne 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels "o in* long1 sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube gre51 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes t+$ ) r$1 long1 broad1 acute1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%1 entire1 ne>ly sessile1 ) a %all[ not* at ! apex2 filam5ts ab\t "o-half in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures e>ly2 ab\t "o in* long1 ?ree-f\r?s in* wide1 cordate to conical1 some:at compress$ & oblique2 cavity r abrupt1 regul>2 suture indi/9ct2 apex di/9ctly po9t$2 color d>k r$ ) an amb] t+e1 fa9tly mottl$2 dots num]\s1 small1 light yell[1 obscure2 /em sl5d]1 "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% :ite ) a t+e ( yell[1 ) colorless juice1 slightly /r+y1 t5d]1 v mild1 sweet2 ( good quality2 /one free except along ! v5tral suture1 "o-half in* long1 long-ovate1 slightly flatt5$1 ) smoo? surfaces2 some:at ridg$ along ! v5tral suture4 ,,empress ,,eug5ie ,prunus avium ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 #g3bgg4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aei fig4 #da1 #afj4 #ahff4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3e1 #f1 fig4 #a4 #ahff-gc4 #d4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #aj1 ,pl4 #aj4 #ahga4 #e4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #chc4 #ahge4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bj4 #ahgg4 #g4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cdh fig41 #cdi4 #ahgg4 #h4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bif1 #big4 #ahhd4 #i4 ,gau*] ,pom4 ,prak4 ,ob/4 ,no4 #gh1 ,pl4 #bi4 #ahid4 ,eug5ie4 #aj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bb4 #ahhc4 ,?is old ,fr5* *]ry1 = _m ye>s l>gely adv]tis$ & widely sold 9 ,am]ica1 does n ?rive 9 ! ,new ,_w z well z ! reports say x does 9 ! ,old ,_w4 ,! two faults t condemn x1 z x gr[s "h1 are t ! *]ries rip5 v unev5ly mak+ sev]al pick+s necess>y & ! trees are s small t1 ?\gh load$ ) fruit1 ! total yield is n l>ge4 ,less] faults are t ! *]ries are n uni=m 9 %ape & are borne ?ickly 9 close clu/]s s t :5 br[n-rot is rife ?is v>iety suff]s greatly4 ,! %ort /em1 too1 prev5ts easy pick+4 ,to (fset ^! faults ,empress ,eug5ie has to its cr$it ! reputation ( be+ ab\t ! mo/ refre%+ & delici\s ,duke4 ,9 a home plantation :]e ! unev5ness 9 rip5+ c be utiliz$ to prolong ! season & :]e dw>fness may n be undesirable1 ,empress ,eug5ie may well f9d a place4 ,?is *]ry appe>$ 9 #ahde z a *ance se$l+ on ! gr\nds ( ,m4 ,v>5ne at ,belleville1 ne> ,p>is1 ,france4 ,x fir/ fruit$ ab\t #ahej & f\r ye>s lat] ! ,horticultural ,society ( ,p>is plac$ x1 "u ! "n ,impratrice ,eug5ie1 on its li/ ( recomm5d$ fruits4 ,m4 ,a4 ,gonti]1 a nurs]yman at ,font5ay-aux-,roses introduc$ x to comm]ce 9 #ahee4 ,empress ,eug5ie soon became q g5]ally dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t ,europe & 0 consid]$ ne>ly z good z ,may ,duke1 ) :i* x has occasionally be5 confus$4 ,x mu/ h be5 br\ght to ,am]ica t[>ds ! beg9n+ ( ! la/ qu>t] ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury & "h x gradually became widely di/ribut$ until today x is f\nd 9 all ! lead+ *]ry plantations & is propagat$ by a l>ge numb] ( nurs]ym5 ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society add$ ?is *]ry to its fruit catalog li/ 9 #ahgg "u ! "n ,empress ,eug5ie4 ,9 #ahhc ?is "n 0 %ort5$ to ,eug5ie "u :i* t]m x has s9ce appe>$ 9 ! ,society's catalog4 ,9 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york we h n adopt$ ! %ort5$ "n z1 by su* a *ange1 all trace is lo/ ( ! p]son aft] :om ! *]ry 0 *ri/5$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,empress ,,eug5ie ,tree small1 n v vigor\s1 upright1 becom+ r\nd-topp$1 v productive2 trunk sl5d]1 r\ghi%2 bran*es sl5d]1 mu* r\gh5$1 r$di%-br[n p>tly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 ) num]\s small l5ticels2 bran*lets ) %ort int]nodes1 br[n slightly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 smoo? except = ! num]\s small1 conspicu\s1 mu*-rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 ?ree & "o-half in*es long1 "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 slightly rugose2 l[] surface light gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t2 apex abruptly po9t$1 base v>iable 9 %ape2 m>g9 d\bly s]rate1 ) small1 d>k gl&s2 petiole ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long1 t+$ ) r$1 ) a few hairs along ! upp] surface1 gl&less or ) "o or two small1 globose1 gre5i%-yell[ or r$di% gl&s1 usually at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds obtuse1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & on long or %ort spurs1 9 clu/]s v>iable 9 size2 leaf-sc>s obscure2 bloom+ 9 mid-season2 fl[]s "o & "o-f\r? in*es across1 :ite2 borne 9 v d5se clu/]s1 9 ?rees & f\rs2 p$icels "o in* long1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube ) a fa9t t+e ( r$1 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes ) a trace ( r$1 acute1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%1 entire1 ) %ort b di/9ct claws2 apex ne>ly entire2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%-conic to oblate-conic1 compress$2 cavity n>r[2 suture v %all[1 indi/9ct2 apex flatt5$ or depress$2 color d>k r$2 dots num]\s1 small1 d>k russet1 obscure2 /em "o & "o-f\r? in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 t\gh1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% pale r$1 ) p9ki% juice1 t5d]1 meaty1 sprightly1 pleasant flavor$1 t>t2 ( good quality2 /one semi-cl++1 small1 ovate1 flatt5$1 some:at oblique1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,,engli% ,,morello ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egb4 #afbi4 #b4 ,langley ,pomona #he4 #agbi4 #c4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fgg4 #agig4 #d4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 #e4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aig1 #aih fig4 #ahde4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #g4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cjf1 #cjg4 #ahhd4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,grosse ,c]ise ,ratafia4 #i4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3ahi4 #agfh4 ,grosse ,lange ,lo?kirs*e4 #aj4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #eii1 #fjj1 #fja4 #ahai4 #aa4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbf4 #ahhh4 #ab4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cef1 #ceg4 #ahhi4 ,l>ge ,morello4 #ac4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3add4 #ahcb4 ,ratafia ,griotte4 #ad4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adg4 #ahcb4 #ae4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #ag1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #af4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bii1 #cjj fig41 #cja4 #ahgg4 ,nor!rn ,griotte4 #ag4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adf4 #ahcb4 #ah4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #ah1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #ai4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ahh fig4 #ahi1 #aij4 #ahff4 #bj4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #ae1 ,pl4 #ae4 #ahga4 #ba4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aie4 #ahgf4 #bb4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cca4 #ahhe4 ,colorado ,morello4 #bc4 ,rog]s ,cat4 #ah4 #aijj4 ,engli% ,morello is ! be/ ( all its gr\p & is ! /&>d late ,s\r ,*]ry 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 occupy+ at ! close ( ! season ! place held by ,montmor5cy 9 mid-season = home1 m>ket & cann]y4 ,x is n a table fruit & c h>dly be eat5 out ( h& until x loses "s ( its a/r+5cy & acidity by ?or\gh rip5+4 ,9 any way ! *]ries are prep>$ by cook+1 h[ev]1 x is "o ( ! be/1 cul9>y processes giv+ ! fruits a ri*1 d>k w9e color1 v attractive 9 appe>ance1 & a mo/ pleasant1 sprightly1 aromatic flavor4 ,! fruit is h&some 9 appe>ance1 be>s h>ve/+ & %ipp+ well1 is resi/ant to br[n-rot & hangs long on ! trees aft] rip5+1 (t5 until ! la/ ( ,augu/ if rob9s c be kept away4 ,once se51 "o may always "k ! trees4 ,!y are small1 r\nd-head$1 ) bran*es t di/9ctly droop4 ,to be suffici5tly productive an ,engli% ,morello or*>d mu/ be closely set2 =1 ?\gh ! trees are vigor\s & productive = _! size1 !y are too dw>f to yield heavily4 ,! trees are h>dy b n always heal?y & are n adapt$ to z great a div]sity ( soils z might be wi%$4 ,! v>iety di/9ctly fails 9 its tree-*>act]s4 ,! dem& = ,engli% ,morello has rec5tly decreas$ & x is d\btful if x ev] rega9s its popul>ity ( a decade ago4 ,!re is a place = a late *]ry :i* ,engli% ,morello n[ fills b n suffici5tly well4 ,all ( ! e>ly pomologi/s describe a ,morello or a ,morella b no "o ( !m def9itely gives its place ( orig94 ,! conc5sus ( op9ion is t x orig9at$ 9 ei!r ,holl& or ,g]many f :5ce x 0 introduc$ into ,engl& & lat] into ,france4 ,! e>ly ,g]man writ]s li/$ a ,grosse ,lange ,lo?kirs*e :i* is ,engli% ,morello4 ,prec$+ !m1 ,duhamel describ$ ! ,grosse ,c]ise ,ratafia z "o prais$ = confitures & pres]v+1 :i* is probably ?is *]ry4 ,l]oy believ$ ,engli% ,morello to be ! *]ry t ,mortillet br\ght to ,p>is f ,holl& call+ x ,griotte du ,nord ?\gh he ?\ght ! v>iety _h be5 gr[n 9 ,france = _m ye>s previ\s b "u ano!r "n4 ,x is possible t ! t]m ,du ,nord orig9at$ ?r\gh its be+ widely gr[n z an espali] dem&+ a nor!rn exposure1 r ?an z "s h ?\ght1 because x came f nor!rn ,g]many4 ,9 #ahfb ,engli% ,morello 0 put on ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society :]e x /ill rema9s4 ,wragg is ?\ght to be id5tical ) ?is *]ry by "s &1 if n1 x diff]s b little4 ,nor!rn ,griotte & ,grosse ,lange ,lo?kirs*e1 introduc$ by ,budd f ,russia1 are ,engli% ,morello4 ,morris1 or ,colorado ,morello1 put out by ,john ,morris ( ,gold51 ,colorado1 once ?\ght to be di/9ct1 is also ,engli% ,morello4 ,illu/ration3 ,,engli% ,,morello ,tree small1 upright-spread+1 ) droop+ bran*lets1 d5se-topp$1 productive2 trunk sl5d]1 r\gh2 bran*es sl5d]1 smoo?1 d>k br[n ov]laid ) d>k a%-gray1 ) num]\s small l5ticels2 bran*lets sl5d]1 will[y1 ) %ort int]nodes1 br[ni%1 smoo?1 ) num]\s conspicu\s1 small1 slightly rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 two & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 "o & "o-half in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate to oval2 upp] surface d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface light gre52 apex acute1 base v>iable 9 %ape2 m>g9 f9ely s]rate1 ) small1 d>k gl&s2 petiole "o-half in* long1 t+$ ) dull r$1 groov$1 ) f "o to ?ree small1 globose or r5i=m1 gre5i%-yell[ gl&s at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds small1 %ort1 obtuse1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds2 leaf-sc>s obscure2 season ( bloom late2 fl[]s "o in* across1 :ite2 borne 9 scatt]+ clu/]s 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels ne>ly "o in* long1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube ) a fa9t t+e ( r$1 some:at campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes ) a trace ( r$1 obtuse1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals di/9ctly ve9$1 r\ndi%1 cr5ate1 sessile1 ) cr5ate apex2 filam5ts "o-f\r? ( an in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures v late2 ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 sometimes runn+ l>g]1 r\ndi%-cordate1 slightly compress$2 cavity %all[1 n>r[1 fl>+1 regul>2 suture a %all[ groove2 apex r\ndi%1 ) a small depression at ! c5t]2 color v d>k r$ becom+ almo/ black2 dots num]\s1 small1 d>k russet1 conspicu\s2 /em sl5d]1 "o in* long1 adh]+ well to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% d>k r$1 ) d>k color$ juice1 t5d] & melt+1 sprightly1 t>t2 ( good quality2 /one free1 small1 ovate1 slightly flatt5$ & po9t$1 ) smoo? surfaces1 slightly t+$ ) r$4 ,,flor5ce ,prunus avium #a4 ,pr9ce ,treat4 ,hort4 #bi4 #ahbh4 #b4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bgg4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahg4 #ahde4 #d4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cfe4 #ahdi4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bb4 #ahhe4 ,knevett's ,late ,big>reau4 #f4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #df4 #ahca4 ,big>reau de ,flor5ce4 #g4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bjd fig41 #bje4 #ahgg4 ,flor5ce ,he>t4 #h4 ,buny>d-,?omas ,fr4 ,g>d4 #dc4 #aijd4 ,flor5ce is a ,big>reau s simil> to ,yell[ ,spani% z to be h>dly wor? plant+1 s9ce x is1 all & all1 surpass$ by its bett]-kn[n rival4 ,! fruit hangs on ! tree 9 edible condition an almo/ ph5om5al l5g? ( "t :i* has giv5 rise to mu* div]g5ce ( op9ion z to its season1 "s pomologi/s rat+ x z e>ly1 o!rs z mid-season & /ill o!rs z late4 ,at ,g5eva ! trees ( ?is v>iety are n z heal?ful1 vigor\s or z fruitful z ^? ( ,yell[ ,spani%1 ) :i* x mu/ compete1 nor are ! *]ries q z f9e 9 appe>ance or quality4 ,?is v>iety 0 f\nd 9 ,flor5ce1 ,italy1 e>ly 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury by ,john ,h\blon1 :o took x to ,engl& f :5ce x 0 br\ght to ,am]ica4 ,x f\nd a place 9 #ahhe on ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society :]e x rema9$ until #ahia1 :5 x 0 disc>d$1 ) q suffici5t reason4 ,illu/ration3 ,,flor5ce ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 op5-topp$1 productive2 trunk & bran*es ?ick1 smoo?2 bran*es r$di%-br[n p>tly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 ) num]\s l5ticels2 bran*lets ?ick1 long1 br[n p>tly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 ) inconspicu\s1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 v>iable 9 size1 av]ag+ f\r & "o-f\r? in*es long1 two & "o-f\r? in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 long-oval to obovate1 ?92 upp] surface r d>k gre51 rugose2 l[] surface dull light gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 m>g9 co>sely & d\bly s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 ?ick1 pubesc5t1 dull r$1 ) f two to f\r l>ge1 r5i=m1 r$di% gl&s on ! /alk4 ,buds po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ z lat]al buds & gr\p$ 9 l>ge clu/]s on num]\s %ort spurs2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s "o & "o-f\r? in*es across1 :ite2 borne 9 d5se clu/]s 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long1 sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube gre51 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes gre5i%1 acute1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals broad-obovate to oval1 entire1 ) v %ort1 blunt claws1 di/9ctly not*$ at ! apex2 filam5ts ne>ly "o-half in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 usually %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures e>ly2 "o in* 9 diamet]1 cordate1 compress$2 cavity deep1 wide2 suture v %all[2 apex some:at po9t$2 color r$di% ov] an amb] backgr\nd1 m>k$ ) indi/9ct1 :iti% spots & /reaks2 dots num]\s1 small1 :iti%1 inconspicu\s2 /em "o & "o-half in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 ) colorless juice1 t5d]1 meaty1 crisp1 sprightly1 sweet2 ( v good quality2 /one cl++1 cordate1 flatt5$1 blunt1 ) r\ghi% surfaces2 enl>g$ along ! v5tral suture4 ,,george ,,glass ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbh1 #cbi4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gi4 #ahij4 #c4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bde4 #ahid4 #d4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ca3cda4 #ahie4 #e4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abe4 #aijj4 #f4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgf1 #bgg4 #aijc4 #g4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3gj4 #aijc4 ,george ,glass has be5 widely h]ald$ z a desirable v>iety 9 ! ,middle ,we/ b 9 ,new ,york1 :]e x has pass$ ?r\gh a r l5g?y probation>y p]iod1 practically all :o h tri$ x are ready to decl>e x wor?less4 ,x is ( ! ,am>elle gr\p & _c compete ) ! _m good v>ieties ( its k9%ip1 z ! ,e>ly ,ri*mond or ! sev]al ,montmor5cies4 ,its season is betwe5 ,e>ly ,ri*mond & ,montmor5cy4 ,z comp>$ ) ! la/-nam$ v>iety1 ! /&>d ,s\r ,*]ry1 ! fruit ( ,george ,glass is small]1 s\r]1 less attractive 9 appe>ance & ! trees are f> less fruitful4 ,possibly ! trees are m h>dy1 ?is "* comm5d+ x = ! cold] p>ts ( ! ,mississippi ,valley4 ,! orig9 ( ?is v>iety is unc]ta9 b x is suppos$ to h be5 introduc$ into ,i[a by immigrants f nor!a/]n ,g]many4 ,9 ,am]ican collections x has (t5 be5 confus$ ) ,brussel] ,braune & ,bess>abian & by "s is decl>$ to be id5tical ) ! latt] sort4 ,x is suppos$ to be a cross betwe5 a ,duke & a ,morello *]ry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,george ,,glass ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 r op51 h>dy1 appe>s unproductive2 trunk ?ick2 bran*es ?ick1 r\gh5$1 ) num]\s conspicu\s1 rais$ l5ticels2 leaves num]\s1 f\r in*es long1 two in*es wide1 obovate1 ?ick1 /iff1 d>k gre52 petiole ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long1 t+$ ) r$1 ) a few hairs along ! upp] surface1 ) "o or two small1 globose1 r$di%-orange gl&s1 usually at ! base ( ! blade2 buds int]m$iate 9 size & l5g?2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 d5se clu/]s4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long1 "o in* wide1 oblate1 compress$2 cavity deep2 color light r$ *ang+ to d>k r$2 /em "o & "o-eigh? in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 ) abundant colorless juice1 /r+y1 t5d] & melt+1 r mild = a s\r *]ry2 good to v good 9 quality2 /one free1 r\ndi% or slightly oblate1 plump1 blunt1 ) smoo? surfaces2 v5tral suture prom95t4 ,,he>t-,,%ap$ ,,wei*sel ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #egc-egg4 #ahai4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fj1 #fa4 #aheh4 #c4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbh4 #ahhh4 #d4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3ag4 #aiaj4 ,h]zfrmige ,sau]kirs*e4 #e4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhh4 #ahjb4 ,he>t-,%ap$ ,griotte4 #f4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man44 #b3adi4 #ahcb4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3ajc1 #ajd1 fig4 #ej4 #ahff-gc4 ,?is ,s\r ,*]ry1 ( ! ,morello gr\p1 is too poor 9 quality to recomm5d x = any purpose4 ,! fruit is sc>cely edible until dead ripe & ev5 !n is too puck]+ to eat out ( h& ) reli%4 ,! *]ries are v attractive1 be+ l>ge = ! k9d1 he>t-%ap$1 ( a h&some1 cle>1 glossy d>k purple color & v uni=m 9 all *>act]s4 ,! tree is conspicu\s because ( its symmetrical %ape1 l>ge size1 r\nd head & its _m bran*es & bran*lets4 ,! leaves are *>act]i/ically small1 z are ! fl[]s1 :i* are fur!r di/+ui%$ by v n>r[ petals4 ,! tree is h>dy & productive & q wor? a place on a lawn z an ornam5tal if n 9 ! g>d5 = its fruit4 ,! v>iety has sev]al *>act]s to comm5d x to plant-bre$]s4 ,?is v>iety came to light 9 writt5 records 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury 9 ,g]man fruit-books "u ! "n ,saure ,h]zkirs*e or ,h]zkirs*wei*sel & 0 highly recomm5d$ = its f9e flavor4 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd ( ,i[a1 9 "o ( 8 ,european trips1 0 impress$ ) its symmetrical habit ( gr[? & its abundant foliage :]e he f\nd x gr[+ 9 ea/]n ,europe z a lawn tree4 ,he includ$ x among 8 importations b x has n prov$ valuable 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 op5-topp$1 unproductive2 bran*es r sl5d]1 smoo? except = ! l>ge1 conspicu\s l5ticels2 bran*lets sl5d]1 long2 leaves num]\s1 two & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 "o & ?ree-eigh?s in*es wide1 obovate to oval1 ?91 d>k gre51 smoo?2 petiole ov] "o-half in* long1 t+$ ) r$1 ) f "o to ?ree small1 globose1 gre5i%-yell[ or br[ni% gl&s at ! base ( ! blade2 buds int]m$iate 9 size & l5g?1 usually obtuse2 season ( bloom late2 fl[]s "o in* across2 borne 9 scatt]$ clu/]s2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il slightly %ort] ?an ! /am5s1 (t5 defective4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%-conic1 slightly compress$2 color v d>k1 dull r$2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es long1 adh]+ to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 fle% v d>k r$1 ) d>k w9e-color$ juice1 t5d]1 r meaty1 v a/r+5t1 s\r2 ( poor quality2 /one ne>ly free1 small1 ovate1 flatt5$1 po9t$1 ) r\ghi% & color$ surfaces4 ,,hilde%eim ,prunus avium #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aca4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aif4 #ahed4 ,guigni] ,fruit ,r\ge ,t>dif4 #c4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afb4 #agfh4 ,aga!4 #d4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cg4 #agga4 ,doppelttrag5de ,kle9e ,ro! ,sptkirs*e4 #e4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bha1 #bhb1 #bhc4 #ahai4 ,hilde%eim] ,ganz ,spte ,knorpelkirs*e4 #f4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cba1 #cbb1 #cbc4 #ahai4 ,late ,r$ ,guigne4 #g4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aac4 #ahcb4 ,big>reau ,t>dif de ,hilde%eim4 #h4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahd4 #ahde4 ,m]veille de ,septemb]4 #i4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baj4 #ahed4 ,belle ,aga! de ,novembre4 #aj4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #c3i1 ,pl4 #ahee4 ,hilde%eim] ,spte ,knorpelkirs*e4 #aa4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #aci fig41 #adj4 #ahfj4 ,kratos ,knorpelkirs*e4 #ab4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ei fig41 #fj4 #ahfg4 ,s*ne ,aga!4 #ac4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #fc fig41 #fd4 #ahfg4 ,big>reau de ,f]4 #ad4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3aii1 #bjj fig4 #ahgg4 ,belle ,aga!4 #ae4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ii1 #ajj1 fig4 #ej4 #ahhb4 ,big>reau de ,hilde%eim4 #af4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bhb4 #ahhd4 ,?is v>iety1 "o ( ! olde/1 has be5 call$ by a great numb] ( names by ,european writ]s4 ,! *]ry m5tion$ by ,duhamel1 9 #agfh1 z a late ,guigne ) r$ fruit1 o!rwise kn[n z ,guigne de ,f]1 c be no o!r ?an ,hilde%eim4 ,! exact orig9 ( ! v>iety has nev] be5 kn[n1 ?\gh x is suppos$ to h sprung up 9 ! neighborhood ( ,hilde%eim1 ,prussia4 ,x 0 br\ght to ,am]ica e>ly 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 probably by ,william ,pr9ce4 ,) x came "s ( ! num]\s =eign names4 ,x seems c]ta9 t ,late ,r$ ,guigne m5tion$ by ,pr9ce 0 ,hilde%eim4 ,rip5+ late & be+ small & ( r undesirable texture1 ,hilde%eim did n meet ) mu* favor 9 ,am]ica1 nev] be+ widely dissem9at$1 & has long s9ce pass$ f cultivation4 ,?is v>iety1 "u ! "n ,belle ,aga!1 0 propagat$ 9 ,belgium by ,m4 ,?i]y ab\t #aheb & = "s "t 0 suppos$ to be a sep>ate sort4 ,! foll[+ description is compil$3 ,tree v l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright1 h>dy1 an annual be>]1 unproductive :ile "y produc+ good crops lat]2 bran*es ?ick1 l>ge1 long1 /raight2 leaves num]\s1 ( m$ium size1 oval or elongat$-oval1 acum9ate2 m>g9 f9ely & regul>ly s]rate2 petiole sl5d]1 r %ort1 t+$ r$1 ) l>ge1 flatt5$ gl&s2 bloom+ season e>ly4 ,fruit matures v late1 usually atta*$ 9 fives b sometimes 9 ?rees & f\rs2 small to m$ium1 r\ndi%-cordate1 flatt5$ on "o side1 some:at irregul>2 color yell[i%1 mottl$ & m>bl$ ) d>k r$2 /em two in*es long1 sl5d]1 some:at curv$2 sk9 ?ick2 fle% pale yell[1 slightly t+$ ) r$ at ! pit1 firm1 some:at /r+y1 r dry1 ) uncolor$ juice1 pleasant flavor$1 sweet2 quality good2 /one m$ium to l>ge1 ) r$di% surface1 long1 compress$4 ,,ida ,prunus avium #a4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 #bj3bgj1 #bga4 #ahgh4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afb4 #ahha4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,ida is a h&some1 l>ge1 light r$ *]ry resembl+ ,napoleon 9 %ape & ,rockport 9 color1 b diff]+ f bo? 9 hav+ s(t fle% :i* places x among ! ,he>ts r ?an ! ,big>reaus4 ,because ( beauty ( ! fruit1 e>l9ess & good tree-*>act]s1 ,ida promises to become a r g5]al favorite 9 home or*>ds ?\gh x falls %ort ( sev]al o!rs ( its ne> ( k9 9 flavor & fle%-*>act]s4 ,x c nev] take a high place among comm]cial k9ds because ! *]ries are too s(t to h&le well1 %[ bruises pla9ly1 are some:at susceptible to br[n-rot & come :5 bett] *]ries are pl5tiful4 ,! trees are vigor\s1 h>dy & be> full crops regul>ly & 9 v>i\s environm5ts4 ,! v>iety is readily told by ! upright habit ( gr[? & by ! l>ge l5ticels on trunk & bran*es4 ,ida has be5 v well tri$ z a comm]cial v>iety 9 ?is ,/ate b 9 ! ups & d[ns ( ! indu/ry has n held its own ) o!r sorts & c be recomm5d$ only = home plantations4 ,e4 ,h4 ,cockl9 ( ,%eph]d/[n1 ,p5nsylvania1 grew ?is v>iety z a se$l+ ( ,cockl9's ,favorite1 ano!r ( 8 *]ries4 ,! *]ry 0 nam$ aft] 8 daught]1 ,ida4 ,x seems to h prov$ wor?y ( g5]al culture1 z x is n[ li/$ by _m nurs]ym54 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society plac$ ,ida on its fruit li/ 9 #aiji4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ida ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright1 op5-topp$1 some:at vasi=m1 v productive2 trunk /\t2 bran*es v /ocky1 smoo?1 light a%-gray ov] br[n1 ) l>ge1 mu*-rais$ l5ticels2 bran*lets v /\t1 %ort1 br[n p>tly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 r\ghi%1 ) a few rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves five & "o-half in*es long1 two & "o-half in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 elliptical to obovate1 ?92 upp] surface d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface light gre51 pubesc5t along ! midrib & l>g] ve9s2 apex tap]-po9t$1 base acute2 m>g9 d\bly cr5ate1 ) small1 black gl&s2 petiole two & "o-f\r? in*es long1 ?ick1 t+$ ) r$1 some:at hairy along ! groov$ upp] surface1 usually ) two l>ge1 r5i=m1 r$di% gl&s on ! /alk4 ,buds l>ge1 long1 po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & 9 d5se clu/]s on num]\s %ort spurs1 also ) _m small1 r\nd1 lat]al leaf-buds on ! second>y gr[?2 leaf-sc>s n prom95t2 bloom+ 9 mid-season2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 clu/]s usually 9 twos2 p$icels ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube gre51 :iti% )91 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes ) a t+e ( r$1 acute1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%1 entire1 d5tate at ! apex1 ne>ly sessile2 filam5ts ne>ly "o-half in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures e>ly2 ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 cordate1 slightly compress$2 cavity deep1 fl>+1 regul>2 suture a di/9ct l9e2 apex v>iable 9 %ape2 color amb] ov]spread ) light r$1 mottl$2 dots num]\s1 r l>ge1 yell[i%1 some:at conspicu\s2 /em "o & "o-half in*es long2 sk9 ?91 sep>at+ readily f ! pulp2 fle% :iti%1 ) colorless juice1 t5d] & melt+1 mild1 sweet2 ( good quality2 /one free or semi-free1 r\ndi%1 slightly flatt5$1 blunt1 ) smoo? surfaces2 ) di/9ct ridges along ! v5tral suture4 ,,jeffrey ,,duke ,prunus avium ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bjd4 #ahdc4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aij1 #aia4 #ahde4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #e4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aai1 #abj1 fig4 #fj4 #ahhb4 #f4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cjb4 #ahhd4 ,royale4 #g4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aic1 #aid1 ,pl4 ,,xv4 #agfh4 #h4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dhb-dhd4 #ahai4 #i4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3chf1 #chg fig41 #chh4 #ahgg4 ,knigli*e ,ssswei*sel4 #aj4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dbg-dbi4 #ahai4 #aa4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #gc fig41 #gd4 #ahfg4 ,jeffrey's ,royal4 #ab4 ,floy-,l9dley ,guide ,or*4 ,g>d4 #ii4 #ahdf4 ,royale ,htive4 #ac4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3acd-ach1 fig4 #cb4 #ahff4 ,?is old v>iety1 :i* has almo/ pass$ f cultivation1 may h _h its orig9 9 ,france ab\t ! middle ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 ?\gh m likely x orig9at$ 9 ,engl& mu* e>li]4 ,l]oy m5tions a ,royale *]ry :i* 0 introduc$ f ,engl& to ,france ab\t #agcj & 0 fir/ gr[n by ,m4 le ,norm& 9 ! g>d5 ( ,l\is ,,xv4 ,! "n ,royale 0 fir/ us$ by ! ,fr5* ab\t #agce f ! fact t x 0 gr[n 9 ! royal g>d5s & s9ce t "t ?is "n has clung to ! v>iety 9 mo/ ( ! ,fr5* plantations4 ,accord+ to ,engli% writ]s1 ! v>iety 0 br\ght to notice 9 ,engl& by ,jeffrey1 proprietor ( ! ,brompton ,nurs]y at ,brompton ,p>k1 ,engl&1 & f t "t x 0 kn[n z ,jeffrey's ,duke4 ,engli% pomologi/s ma9ta9 t ,jeffrey r5am$ ! old ,*]ry ,duke ( ,engl&1 giv+ x 8 "n4 ,jeffrey ,duke appe>$ on ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society's fruit catalog li/ 9 #ahfb b 0 dropp$ 9 #ahga4 ,x is d\btful if ! v>iety c n[ be f\nd 9 ,am]ica4 ,! foll[+ description is compil$ f ! au?ors giv5 9 ! ref]5ces3 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 v upright1 unusually compact1 sl[-gr[+1 productive2 bran*es v num]\s1 /ocky1 /raight1 ?ickly set ) fruit-spurs2 int]nodes %ort2 bran*lets v %ort2 buds closely set2 leaves num]\s1 m$ium 9 size1 oval or obovate1 acum9ate2 m>g9 f9ely & irregul>ly s]rate2 petiole %ort1 sl5d]1 ) small1 flatt5$ or globose gl&s2 bloom+ season late2 fl[]s small1 v op54 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season1 usually atta*$ 9 pairs2 m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%1 slightly flatt5$ at ! apex & base2 suture a well-m>k$ l9e2 color lively r$ becom+ d>k r$ or almo/ black :5 fully ripe2 /em sl5d]1 ins]t$ 9 a mod]ately broad1 deep cavity2 sk9 ?92 fle% firm b t5d]1 yell[i%-amb]1 ) abundant color$ juice1 slightly /r+y1 highly flavor$2 good 9 quality2 /one small1 r\ndi%1 t+$ ) r$4 ,,k+ ,,am>elle ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bic4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #faj-fae4 #ahai4 #c4 ,liegel ,sy/4 ,anleit4 #agd4 #ahbe4 #d4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ecc fig41 #ecd4 #ahfa4 #e4 ,lau*e ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,iii3 ,no4 #bc1 ,pl4 #ahhb4 #f4 ,am4 ,g>d4 #i3bfd4 #ahhh4 #g4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3fb4 #aijj4 #h4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3gb4 #aijc4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,k+'s ,*]ry4 #aj4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 ,k+ ,am>elle is an old ,european *]ry t has tak5 on new life 9 ,am]ica4 ,x is ( ! ,e>ly ,ri*mond type1 diff]+ f ?is /&>d ,am>elle 9 be>+ fruit a little e>li]1 light] 9 color & ) a long] /em4 ,! fault :i* all b condemns ! v>iety z a comm]cial *]ry is ! small size ( ! fruit1 ! *]ries runn+ small] ?an ^? ( ,e>ly ,ri*mond :i*1 9 its turn1 is r too small4 ,! tree is v l t ( ,e>ly ,ri*mond--q z vigor\s & productive1 ! same 9 size & %ape &1 if any?+1 a little m h>dy4 ,! v>iety is told f af> 9 blossom+-"t by ! peculi> di/ribution ( ! fl[]-clu/]s1 :i* are num]\s & d5se b always sep>at$ by sev]al in*es or a foot ( b>e wood4 ,k+ ,am>elle c nev] displace ,e>ly ,ri*mond b might be tri$ :]e a some:at h>di] *]ry is want$ or x might be plant$ z a sub/itute :]e ! bett]-kn[n sort fails4 ,?is v>iety1 ( old & unc]ta9 orig91 sprang up 9 ,france ab\t ! same "t z ! ,montmor5cies & became confus$ ) !m4 ,9 bo? fruit & tree-*>act]s1 h[ev]1 ,k+ ,am>elle is v diff]5t f ! ,montmor5cies1 be+ m l ,e>ly ,may b rip5+ lat] & mak+ a l>g] tree4 ,! cultivation ( ,k+ ,am>elle nev] became ext5d$ 9 ,europe because ( ! inf]ior quality ( ! fruit & poor tree-*>act]s4 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd br\ght ! v>iety to ,am]ica f ,russia ab\t #ahhc4 ,! ,royal ,am>elle1 gr[n on ! ,canadian ,exp]im5t ,/ation gr\nds 9 #aijj1 is und\bt$ly ,k+ ,am>elle4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society plac$ x on its li/ ( recomm5d$ fruits 9 #aiji4 ,tree ( m$ium size & vigor1 upright-spread+1 op5-topp$1 v productive2 trunk r\ghi%2 bran*es r sl5d]1 smoo?1 r$di%-br[n ov]laid ) d>k a%-gray2 bran*lets sl5d]1 ( m$ium l5g?1 ) %ort int]nodes1 br[n p>tly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 ) num]\s conspicu\s1 small1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves ?ree & "o-half in*es long1 "o & "o-half in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate1 some:at glossy1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 rugose2 l[] surface light gre51 ) a few scatt]+ hairs2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 m>g9 f9ely & d\bly s]rate1 ) small1 d>k gl&s2 petiole "o in* long1 some:at sl5d]1 lightly t+$ ) r$1 ) a few hairs on ! groov$ upp] surface & ) f "o to ?ree small1 globose1 gre5i%-yell[ gl&s at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds small1 %ort1 obtuse1 v free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & 9 clu/]s on few1 %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 d5se clu/]s usually 9 ?rees2 p$icels ov] "o-half in* long1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube ) a t+e ( r$1 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes fa9tly t+$ ) r$1 acute1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals some:at obovate1 entire1 ) an entire apex2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures e>ly2 ?ree-f\r?s in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%-oblate1 compress$2 cavity regul>1 some:at abrupt2 suture indi/9ct2 apex r\ndi% or flatt5$2 color bright r$2 dots num]\s1 small1 light russet1 r conspicu\s2 /em "o in* long1 adh]+ to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% pale yell[1 ) colorless juice1 t5d] & melt+1 sprightly2 fair to good 9 quality2 /one free1 ovate1 some:at flatt5$1 po9t$1 ) smoo? surfaces1 fa9tly t+$ ) r$2 ridg$ along ! v5tral suture4 ,,kirtl& ,prunus avium #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #bb4 #aijd-je4 ,kirtl&'s ,m>y4 #b4 ,horticulturi/ #b3abc1 #abd fig4 #ba4 #ahdg-dh4 #c4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cfe4 #ahdi4 #d4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bca4 #ahdi4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ci4 #aheb4 #f4 ,ibid4 #bce4 #ahed4 #g4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aih fig4 #ahed4 #h4 ,hoop] ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #bfb1 #bfc4 #aheg4 #i4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3ee1 #ef1 fig4 #bf4 #ahff-gc4 ,m>y4 #aj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #hf1 #hg4 #ahff4 ,9 ! collection ( *]ries at ?is ,/ation1 ,kirtl& /&s among ! be/ ( ! ,big>reaus 9 quality ( fruit--9 fact is h>dly surpass$ 9 ri*ness & delicacy ( flavor4 ,! fruit1 too1 z may be se5 f ! color-plate1 is h&some1 ! *]ries resembl+ ! well-kn[n ,napoleon b be+ a little d>k] 9 color4 ,! fle% is firm & meaty & /&s h&l+ well & also resi/s ! br[n-rot z well z any o!r *]ry4 ,) ^! spl5did qualities ( fruit1 ,kirtl& w\ld long ago h be5 "o ( ! /&>d comm]cial *]ries 7 its tree-*>act]s bett]4 ,:]ev] tri$1 ! compla9t comes t ! trees lack vigor & c be gr[n successfully only on *oice *]ry soils & "u ! be/ ( c>e4 ,) ^! faults ! v>iety c be recomm5d$ only = home or*>ds & = local m>kets :]e !re is dem& = a v e>ly ,big>reau1 s9ce ?is v>iety rip5s be=e mo/ o!r *]ries ( its k9d4 ,kirtl& 0 gr[n 9 #ahdb by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl& ( ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 & ranks =emo/ 9 quality & appe>ance ( all ! se$l+s rais$ by ?is well-kn[n *]ry-bre$]4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society1 9 #aheb1 m5tion$ ?is sort z des]v+ ( fur!r trial &1 9 #ahed1 li/$ x among ! v>ieties ( promis+ fruits4 ,elliott1 9 8 ,fruit ,book1 not$ ?is *]ry "u ! "n ,kirtl&'s ,m>y1 9 honor ( ,pr(essor ,kirtl&'s daught]1 & class$ x z a v>iety wor?y ( g5]al cultivation4 ,hogg1 9 #ahff1 dropp$ ! "n ,kirtl& & li/$ x z ,m>y1 :ile 9 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society's ,special ,report = #aije x is call$ ,kirtl&4 ,accord+ to ! rules ( pomological nom5clature1 ,hogg 0 correct 9 hold+ ! "n ,m>y b1 s9ce !re is ano!r ,m>y & no wor?y sort be>+ ! "n ( s em95t a horticulturi/ z ,pr(essor ,kirtl&1 ?is ,/ation foll[s ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 ! use ( ,kirtl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,kirtl& ,tree small1 r weak1 upright-spread+1 op5-topp$1 productive2 trunk & bran*es sl5d]1 smoo?2 bran*es r$di%-br[n p>tly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 ) num]\s l5ticels2 bran*lets ?ick1 br[n almo/ entirely ov]spread ) a%-gray1 smoo? except = ! longitud9al1 conspicu\s1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves five in*es long1 two & "o-f\r? in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 elliptical to obovate1 ?92 upp] surface m$ium gre51 some:at glossy1 smoo?2 l[] surface light gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 m>g9 d\bly s]rate1 ) small1 d>k gl&s2 petiole "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 sl5d]1 t+$ ) r$1 lightly pubesc5t along ! upp] side1 ) two or ?ree r5i=m1 r$di% gl&s on ! /alk4 ,buds po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds or on num]\s1 v %ort spurs 9 clu/]s v>iable 9 size2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 bloom+ 9 mid-season2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 d5se clu/]s2 p$icels "o in* long1 pubesc5t1 r$di%-gre52 calyx-tube t+$ ) r$1 light gre5 )91 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes r$di%1 obtuse1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%-oval1 entire1 ) %ort1 broad claws & a not*$ apex2 filam5ts 9 f\r s]ies1 ! longe/ "o-half in*2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 cordate1 compress$2 cavity wide1 fl>+2 suture a m or less di/9ct l9e2 apex r\ndi% or po9t$1 ) a small depression at ! c5t]2 color amb] ov]spread ) bright r$2 dots num]\s1 small1 grayi%1 conspicu\s2 /em "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 adh]+ to ! fruit2 sk9 t\gh2 fle% :iti%1 ) colorless juice1 t5d]1 meaty1 ) a pleasant & refre%+ flavor2 v good to be/ 9 quality2 /one free1 small1 r\ndi%-ovate1 ) smoo? surfaces2 ridg$ along ! v5tral suture4 ,,knight ,prunus avium #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,knight's ,e>ly ,black4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 #c4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abj4 #ahcb4 #d4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #eb4 #ahdh4 #e4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde4 #c3ai4 #aheh4 #f4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3hc4 #ahff4 #g4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3he1 #hf1 fig4 #dc4 #ahhb4 ,knights ,frhe ,h]zkirs*e4 #h4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #c fig41 #d4 #ahfg4 ,?is old ,engli% v>iety has long be5 popul> 9 ,am]ica1 :]e x is g5]ally kn[n z ,knight's ,e>ly ,black1 ?is "n hav+ be5 %ort5$ by ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society to ,knight4 ,possibly ,knight is to be f\nd 9 doory>ds & home g>d5s 9 ,ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates z (t5 z any o!r ,sweet ,*]ry ) ! exception ( ,black ,t>t>ian4 ,! *>act]s :i* give x popul>ity are excell5t quality1 h&some appe>ance because ( its glossy1 d>k purple color & uni=mity 9 color1 %ape & size1 & its e>l9ess1 x be+ ! e>lie/ good ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,un=tunately1 ev5 9 ! be/ soil & "u ! mo/ pa9/ak+ treatm5t1 ! *]ries run small1 a defect = ,am]ican m>kets4 ,! small size also leads to comp>atively l[ yields ev5 ?\gh ! fruits are (t5 borne 9 prodigi\s numb]s4 ,knight1 9 size1 color & flavor1 is mu* l ,black ,t>t>ian b ! *]ries are small] & rip5 e>li]4 ,z ! trees gr[ on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation !y are ab\t all t c\ld be desir$ 9 a ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,! trees are *>act]i/ically m>k$ by smoo? b>k :i* is dott$ ) l>ge l5ticels4 ,!re are n[ bett] sweet v>ieties ?an ,knight = mo/ purposes b /ill ?is old v>iety has too _m m]its1 especially = home gr\nds1 to be :olly =gott54 ,knight comes f a se$ ( ,may ,duke cross$ ) ,yell[ ,spani% by ,t4 ,a4 ,knight1 ,d[nton ,ca/le1 ,wilt%ire1 ,engl&1 ab\t #ahaj4 ,! new v>iety sprang into prom95ce almo/ imm$iately1 be+ m5tion$ by ,fr5*1 ,g]man & ,engli% writ]s4 ,knight is /ill "o ( ! well-recogniz$ sorts 9 ,europe & ,am]ica & has appe>$ cont9u\sly on ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society s9ce #ahdh4 ,ma?ieu has includ$ sev]al synonyms "u ?is head :i* we "q z we believe !y belong to ! ,guigne ,noir ,htive1 a di/9ct v>iety ?\gh v simil>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,knight ,tree ( m$ium size1 upright-spread+1 op5-topp$1 v productive2 trunk /ocky1 v>iable 9 smoo?ness2 bran*es smoo?1 light r$di%-br[n ne>ly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 ) small l5ticels2 bran*lets ?ick1 br[n lightly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 v>iable 9 smoo?ness1 ) small1 rais$1 inconspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 five & "o-half in*es long1 two & "o-half in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate to long-oval1 ?92 upp] surface d>k gre51 rugose2 l[] surface light gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t2 apex & base v>iable 9 %ape2 m>g9 d\bly s]rate1 ) small1 d>k gl&s2 petiole two in*es long1 sl5d]1 t+$ ) r$1 ) a %all[ groove & ) few hairs1 ) two or ?ree l>ge1 r5i=m1 r$di% gl&s1 usually on ! /alk4 ,buds long1 conical or po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & 9 small clu/]s on spurs v>iable 9 l5g?2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 d5se clu/]s1 usually 9 twos2 p$icels "o in* long1 sl5d]1 glabr\s2 calyx-tube gre51 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes lightly t+$ ) r$1 long1 acute1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals oval1 entire1 deeply not*$ at ! apex2 filam5ts ne>ly "o-half in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures e>ly2 ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 cordate to conical2 cavity wide1 r abrupt2 suture indi/9ct2 apex flatt5$1 ) a small depression at ! c5t]2 color d>k r$di%-black1 obscurely mottl$2 dots num]\s1 small1 russet1 obscure2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-half in*es long1 adh]+ well to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% d>k r$1 ) d>k color$ juice1 t5d]1 meaty1 mild1 sweet2 ( good quality2 /one free except along ! v5tral suture1 small1 r\ndi%-ovate1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,,lamb]t ,prunus avium #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #bd4 #ahid4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahii4 #c4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,ye>book #cjg-cji1 ,pl4 #ca4 #aijg4 ,n[h]e else 9 ,am]ica1 possibly n[h]e else 9 ! _w1 c ! ,sweet ,*]ry be gr[n z well z 9 ,oregon & ,wa%+ton4 ,f ^! ,/ates1 m p>ticul>ly ,oregon1 sev]al m]itori\s *]ries h be5 add$ to pomology4 ,"o ( ! be/ ( ^! is ,lamb]t1 n[ a /&>d sort 9 its native ,/ate b /ill on probation 9 ,ea/]n ,am]ica4 ,lamb]t is a ,big>reau1 a se$l+ ( ,napoleon by ,black ,he>t1 & a wor?y rival ( its p>5ts 9 mo/ respects & sup]ior 9 "s4 ,9 appe>ance1 ,lamb]t is m l its male ?an its female p>5t1 hav+ mu* ! same %ape & color1 b x is l>g]1 m rotund1 smoo!r1 cle>] & bright]--"o ( ! h&some/ ( ! d>k-color$ ,sweets4 ,! fle% & flavor leave little to be desir$2 ! fle% is purpli%-r$ m>bl$ ) light] r$1 firm1 meaty & juicy1 ) a sweet1 ri* flavor t at ! fir/ ta/e "o m>ks v good4 ,! tree is /rong1 vigor\s1 heal?y & usually fruitful & regul> 9 be>+4 ,! fruit sets 9 great1 loose clu/]s--(t5 a doz5 or m *]ries to ! fruit-spur4 ,! leaves are rem>kably l>ge & d>k gre51 ! foliage betok5+ ! vigor ( ! v>iety4 ,lamb]t is well wor?y ?or\gh te/+ = ei!r home or m>ket :]ev] ! ,sweet ,*]ry c be gr[n4 ,lamb]t orig9at$ z a se$l+ "u a ,napoleon tree :i* 0 plant$ by ! late ,h5d]son ,lewell+#hj ab\t #ahdh 9 ! or*>d ( ,j4 ,h4 ,lamb]t1 ,milwaukee1 ,oregon4 ,?is se$l+1 suppos$ to h be5 a cross betwe5 ,napoleon & ,black ,he>t1 0 graft$ to ,may ,duke & lat] transplant$4 ,ab\t #ahhj1 ! top di$ & a spr\t f ! se$l+ /ock =m$ a new top4 ,mr4 ,lamb]t gave ! new v>iety 8 "n & 9 #ahie turn$ ov] 8 /ock to ! ,oregon ,horticultural ,society ) ! exclusive "r to propagate4 ,! v>iety 0 plac$ on ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahii :]e x /ill rema9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lamb]t ,tree m$ium to l>ge 9 size & vigor1 upright-spread+1 v productive2 bran*es smoo?1 dull r$di%-br[n1 ) num]\s small l5ticels2 bran*lets ?ick1 long1 d>k r$di%-br[n ne>ly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 glabr\s1 ) a few inconspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves f\r & "o-f\r? in*es long1 two & "o-half in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 oval to obovate1 ?92 upp] surface m$ium gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface light gre51 lightly pubesc5t2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 m>g9 d\bly s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole "o & "o-half in*es long1 dull r$1 gl&less1 or ) f "o to ?ree r small1 globose1 r$di% gl&s on ! /alk4 ,buds l>ge1 po9t$ or conical1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds or 9 small clu/]s on %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom int]m$iate1 %ort2 fl[]s "o & "o-f\r? in*es across1 :ite2 borne usually 9 twos2 p$icels ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube gre51 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes long1 broad1 obtuse1 f9ely s]rate2 petals r\ndi%1 entire1 ) %ort claws & ) d5tate apex2 filam5ts "o-half in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 "o in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%-cordate1 compress$2 cavity r deep1 slightly fl>+2 suture %all[1 (t5 a m]e l9e2 apex r\ndi%1 depress$ at ! c5t]2 color v d>k r$ *ang+ to r$di%-black2 dots num]\s1 small1 russet1 obscure2 /em t+$ ) r$1 sl5d]1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 adh]+ to ! pulp2 fle% d>k r$1 ) scant d>k r$ juice1 meaty1 firm1 pleasant flavor$1 sweet2 ( v good quality2 /one cl++1 l>ge1 wide1 ovate1 flatt5$1 blunt1 oblique1 ) smoo? surfaces2 prom95tly ridg$ along ! v5tral suture4 #hj ,little is kn[n ( ! e>ly life ( ,se? & ,h5d]son ,lewell+4 ,!y 7 ( ,wel% ance/ry & bo? 7 born 9 ,salem1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,h5d]son on ! #be? ( ,april1 #ahji1 & ,se? on ! #f? day ( ,m>*1 #ahai4 ,h5d]son di$ 9 ,cali=nia ,decemb] #bh?1 #ahgh1 :ile ,se? di$ 9 ,milwaukee1 cont9u$3 ,oregon1 ,febru>y #ba/1 #ahig4 ,:5 ! boys 7 /ill v "y _! p>5ts mov$ f ,nor? ,c>ol9a to ,ohio & f\nd$ ! t[n ( ,salem 9 ,ross ,c\nty2 lat] !y mov$ to ,indiana :]e _! fa!r e/abli%$ a nurs]y & became "o ( ! pione] fruit-gr[]s ( :at 0 !n ! ,we/ & "h aga9 !y f\nd$ a t[n ( ,salem4 ,we next he> ( ,h5d]son ,lewell+ 9 ,salem1 ,h5ry ,c\nty1 ,i[a1 ! t[n ( 8 nam+1 ) ! /atem5t t 9 #ahcg he plant$ a small nurs]y ( #ce v>ieties ( apples & "s pea*1 plum & *]ry trees4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,lewell+s n[ becomes m def9ite = we h x f ,se? ,lewell+#ha 7we spell ! "n z does he & n ,luell+ z d _m 9 writ+ ( him7 t 9 ,m>*1 #ahdg1 ,h5d]son ,lewell+ plant$ an assortm5t ( apples1 pe>s1 pea*es1 plums & *]ries & load$ !m into two wagons & />t$ to ,oregon4 ,?is travel+ nurs]y 0 on ! road f ,m>* to ,novemb] & "o c imag9e ! labor ( wat]+ & c>+ = ! trees 9 ?is trip across m\nta9s & pla9s4 ,h5d]son ,lewell+ =m$ a p>tn]%ip ) ,william ,meek "u ! firm "n ( ,meek ,lewell+1 ,milwaukee1 ,oregon4 ,se? jo9$ 8 bro!r 9 ! fall ( #ahej br++ ) him f ! ,ea/ a consid]able quantity ( fruit se$4 ,= ! next few ye>s _! nurs]y op]ations 7 on a l>ge scale1 ov] #ajj1jjj grafts be+ plant$ 9 #ahec4 ,f "t to "t !y made new importations ( plants & fruit se$s f ! ,ea/4 ,se? says t 8 bro!r quit ! bus9ess & mov$ to ,cali=nia 9 #ahec & we he> no m ( him until 8 dea? 9 #ahgh4 ,9 #aheg1 ! p>tn]%ip betwe5 ,meek & ,se? ,lewell+ 0 dissolv$ leav+ ! latt] ! own] ( ! ,milwaukee nurs]ies4 ,x 0 9 #ahfj t ,se? ,lewell+ rais$ 8 fir/ se$l+ *]ry1 ! ,republican1 call$ by him ,black ,republican1 :i* 0 sold to ,george ,wall+ ( ,oswego & ,mr4 ,hanson ( ,ea/ ,portl&1 ! proce$s br++ ,lewell+ #ejj4 ,mr4 ,lewell+ c\nts ! ,republican & ,b+ *]ries & ! ,gold5 ,prune z 8 mo/ notable contributions to pomology4 ,! ,lewell+s are types ( fruit-bre$]s :o h done noble "w = pomology 9 ! settlem5t ( all our /ates--m5 ( = indomitable c\rage & w :o h br$ & gr[n fruits ?r\gh\t _! lives 9 spite ( e adv]sity4 ,few o!r m5 labor$ long] & m devot$ly to improve ! *]ry ?an ,se? ,lewell+4 #ha ,oregon ,/4 ,bd4 ,hort4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #b3bdb4 #ahic4 ,,l>ge ,,montmor5cy ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bb4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,ibid4 #be4 #ahii4 #c4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aaj1 #aad4 #aijj4 #d4 ,am4 ,g>d4 #bb3bff1 #bfg4 #aija4 ,flemi%4 #e4 ,bradley ,g>d4 #baa4 #agci4 #f4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #di4 #ahca4 #g4 ,?ompson ,g>d4 ,ass't #ecj4 #ahei4 ,grosse ,glaskirs*e von ,montmor5cy4 #h4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dfe-dgj4 #ahai4 #h4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ed1 #ee4 #aheh4 #aj4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #afe fig41 #aff4 #ahfj4 ,%ort ,/em ,montmor5cy4 #aa4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aci1 #adj4 #ahcb4 #ab4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3ge4 #aijc4 ,gross] ,gobet4 #ac4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #edc fig41 #edd4 #ahfa4 ,montmor5cy4 #ad4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aie fig4 #ed1 #aif1 #aig4 #ahff4 ,z its synonyms %[1 ,l>ge ,montmor5cy has be5 gr[n "u v>i\s names 9 ,europe & ,am]ica--a te/imony to its m]its4 ,7 x n t ! true ,montmor5cy is s mu* m fruitful ?an ?is l>g]-fruit$ (f%oot ( ! same race ( ,am>elle *]ries1 ,l>ge ,montmor5cy w\ld be a lead+ comm]cial ,s\r ,*]ry1 = x is equal to ! small]-fruit$ /ra9 9 all o!r *>act]s ) ! advantage ( size4 ,! relation%ip betwe5 ?is & ! o!r ,montmor5cies is app>5t b ,l>ge ,montmor5cy is easily di/+ui%$ by sev]al m>k$ *>act]s f ! common ,montmor5cy1 kn[n by all1 ) :i* x is mo/ (t5 confus$4 ,its fruits are m (t5 borne s+ly1 are l>g]1 h a %ort]1 ?ick] /em1 are m oblate & rip5 a little e>li]4 ,! trees are m upright1 ) /\t] bran*es & are f> less fruitful4 ,! fle%-*>act]s ( ! two k9ds are mu* ! same--excell5t 9 bo?1 ! flavor be+ p>ticul>ly refre%+ to ^? :o l ! acidity ( ! ,s\r ,*]ry4 ,l>ge ,montmor5cy has be5 tri$ & f\nd s want+ 9 productiv5ess t x c r>ely be recomm5d$ z a comm]cial v>iety b x is mu* too good a fruit to be :olly lo/ & %\ld be gr[n by connoisseurs :o want a l>ge1 f9ely flavor$ ,s\r ,*]ry4 ,?is v>iety has be5 mu* confus$ ) o!r *]ries1 p>ticul>ly ,montmor5cy1 ,e>ly ,ri*mond & ,%ort ,/em ,montmor5cy4 ,bradley1 9 #agci1 m5tion$ a ,flemi% *]ry :i* und\bt$ly 0 ! ,l>ge ,montmor5cy ( today1 = ! "n ,flemi% has r commonly be5 appli$ to ?is sort s9ce ,bradley's "t4 ,!re is no d\bt b t ,l>ge ,montmor5cy sprang up ab\t ! same "t z ! true ,montmor5cy1 9 ! ,montmor5cy ,valley 9 ,france4 ,x may h be5 a se$l+ ( ! ,c]ise ,htive1 aft]w>ds kn[n z ,e>ly ,ri*mond1 ?\gh "s writ]s are ( ! op9ion t ! ,montmor5cies & ,c]ise ,htive 7 all se$l+s ( ! old ,c]ise ,commune4 ,at any rate1 !re h come to be at lea/ ?ree di/9ct types ( ,montmor5cy3 ! true ,montmor5cy ) long /ems & mod]ate-siz$ fruit1 call$ ,montmor5cy ,longue ,queue or1 9 ,am]ica1 ,montmor5cy ,ord9aire2 ! ,l>ge ,montmor5cy ) its l>ge fruit & %ort]1 ?ick] /ems1 commonly kn[n by ! ,fr5* & ,g]man writ]s z ,montmor5cy ,gros ,fruit1 ,gros ,gobet1 ,grosse ,glaskirs*e von ,montmor5cy & sometimes z ,montmor5cy ,c\rte ,queue2 & ! ,%ort-,/em ,montmor5cy1 (t5 call$ ,montmor5cy ,c\rte ,queue & sometimes ,gros ,gobet4 ,l>ge ,montmor5cy has (t5 be5 sold = ,montmor5cy1 or = ,e>ly ,ri*mond1 h5ce ! ?ree v>ieties are m or less confus$4 ,l>ge ,montmor5cy probably came to ,am]ica ab\t ! same "t z ,montmor5cy & ,e>ly ,ri*mond1 e>ly 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,9 #ahge1 ,ellwang] ,b>ry1 ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 dissem9at$ ?is sort q ext5sively b lat] x prov$ too unproductive = comm]cial use4 ,x 0 soon replac$ by ! true ,montmor5cy b (t5 ! names 7 int]*ang$ & l>ge =ms ( ! ,montmor5cy 7 ?\ght to be ?is v>iety4 ,! unproductiv5ess ( ?is *]ry has be5 consi/5tly m5tion$ by ne>ly e writ] f ,duhamel's "t to ! pres5t4 ,l>ge ,montmor5cy 0 add$ to ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society's catalog li/ ( fruits 9 #ahhe z ,montmor5cy ,l>ge b 9 #ahii ?is "n 0 *ang$ to ,l>ge ,montmor5cy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l>ge ,,montmor5cy ,tree r l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright1 vasi=m1 unproductive2 trunk ?ick1 r\gh5$2 bran*es /ocky1 ne>ly smoo?1 r$di%-br[n ov]spread ) d>k a%-gray1 ) num]\s l>ge1 rais$1 conspicu\s l5ticels2 bran*lets ?ick1 %ort1 br[n t+$ ) bronze1 smoo? except = ! l>ge1 num]\s yell[i%1 conspicu\s1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 ?ree & "o-half in*es long1 "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 broad-oval to obovate1 ?ick1 /iff2 upp] surface d>k gre51 slightly rugose2 apex acute1 base v>iable 9 %ape2 m>g9 s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole "o in* long1 t+$ ) dull r$1 gl&less or ) f "o to ?ree globose1 yell[ or br[ni% gl&s1 usually at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds usually po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & 9 small clu/]s on %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s :ite1 "o in* across2 borne 9 scatt]+ clu/]s1 usually 9 ?rees2 p$icels five-eigh?s in* long1 glabr\s1 gre52 calyx-tube t+$ ) r$1 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes ) a trace ( r$1 long1 broad1 acute1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals obovate1 entire or slightly cr5ate1 sessile1 ) a cr5ate apex2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to or long] ?an ! /am5s1 (t5 defective4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 oblate1 compress$2 cavity wide1 fl>+2 suture %all[2 apex flatt5$ or depress$2 color d>k r$2 dots num]\s1 small1 russet1 some:at conspicu\s2 /em ?ick1 "o in* long1 adh]+ fairly well to ! fruit2 sk9 ?ick1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% :iti%1 %[+ di/9ctly ! fib]s 9 ! pulp1 ) abundant colorless or slightly t+$ juice1 t5d] & melt+1 sprightly1 pleasant flavor$1 t>t2 ( v good quality2 /one free1 r\ndi%1 plump1 ) smoo? surfaces1 t+$ ) r$4 ,,late ,,duke ,prunus avium ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #a3de1 ,pl4 #ahbh4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dh1 #di1 #ee1 #ef4 #ahca4 #c4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acd1 #ace4 #ahcb4 #d4 ,hort4 ,reg4 7,eng47 #a3beg1 fig4 #ahcc4 #e4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aia fig4 #hj4 #ahde4 #f4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3cig fig4 #cc1 #cih4 #ahdg4 #g4 ,g>d4 ,*ron4 #eef4 #ahdh4 #h4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3cg1 #ch1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,wahre ,englis*e ,kirs*e4 #aj4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fhb4 #agig4 #aa4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhd4 #ahjb4 #ab4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dje-daj4 #ahai4 #ac4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ej4 #aheh4 #ad4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #dii fig41 #ejj4 #ahfa4 ,spte ,h]zog5kirs*e4 #ae4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dcd-dcg4 #ahai4 ,anglaise ,t>dive4 #af4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3agi-aha1 fig4 #dh4 #ahff4 #ag4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3fg1 #fh1 fig4 #cb4 #ahff-gc4 ,late ,duke is a v>iant ( ! well-kn[n ,may ,duke1 rip5+ f two weeks to a mon? lat]4 ,! size1 color1 flavor & season ( ! fruit all comm5d x1 z d ! vigor1 heal? & fruitfulness ( ! trees4 ,! *]ries are n q z sweet z ^? ( ,may ,duke1 a little m m>bl$ 9 color ( sk9 & rip5 ?r\gh a long] season4 ,! trees are readily told f ^? ( ! e>li] ,duke1 be+ m op5 & spread+1 scant] ( foliage1 ) sl5d] bran*es & ) fruit m ?ickly clu/]$ along ! bran*lets4 ,rip5+ 9 a season :5 hybrid v>ieties are gone or rapidly go+1 ,late ,duke is a valuable acquisition 9 ! home or*>d & = ne>by m>kets to :i* t5d]-fle%$ v>ieties c be %ipp$4 ,if ^? :o want late *]ries w plant ?is v>iety on a nor!rn slope1 aga9/ a nor!rn wall or :]e 9 any way %ad$ or 9 a cool soil1 ^! delici\s *]ries c be _h until well t[>d ,augu/4 ,! tree is h>dy & its blossom+-"t is late s t ! v>iety is well adapt$ to nor!rn latitudes4 ,! orig9 ( ?is v>iety is unkn[n4 ,9 #agig1 ,*ri/ m5tions a true ,engli% *]ry :i* is probably ,late ,duke4 ,at lea/ ,ob]dieck1 9 #ahfa1 /ates t ! true ,engli% *]ry is id5tical ) ! ,late ,duke1 or ,anglaise ,t>dive4 ,9 #ahbc1 ,late ,duke 0 introduc$ into ,engl& by ! ,london ,horticultural ,society f ,m4 ,vilmor91 ( ,p>is1 "u ! "n ,anglaise ,t>dive4 ,?\gh ! ,fr5* "n ( ?is v>iety seems to indicate an ,engli% orig91 ! old ,engli% writ]s 7 n aw>e ( any *]ry ( ?is k9d be+ 9 exi/5ce 9 ,engl& previ\s to its introduction by ! ,horticultural ,society4 ,because ( ! close resemblance ( ,late ,duke to ,may ,duke x has (t5 be5 confus$ ) t sort & by "s writ]s 0 suppos$ to be a late /ra9 ( ,may ,duke4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society li/$ ,late ,duke 9 its fruit catalog 9 #ahfb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,late ,,duke ,tree vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 becom+ spread+ at maturity1 op5-topp$1 productive2 trunk & bran*es sl5d]2 bran*es br[n ov]laid ) d>k a%-gray1 ) num]\s small l5ticels2 bran*lets sl5d]1 %ort1 r$di%-br[n1 ) a%-gray sc>f-sk91 ) num]\s conspicu\s1 small1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 ?ree in*es long1 "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate1 ?ick2 upp] surface v d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface light gre51 ) a few scatt]+ hairs2 apex abruptly po9t$2 m>g9 d\bly cr5ate1 ) small1 d>k gl&s2 petiole "o in* long1 lightly t+$ ) r$1 groov$ & some:at hairy on ! upp] surface1 gl&less or ) "o or two small1 r5i=m1 gre5i% gl&s1 usually at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds small1 %ort1 obtuse or conical1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly & 9 clu/]s2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom late2 fl[]s :ite1 "o in* across2 borne 9 num]\s1 d5se clu/]s1 9 twos1 ?rees & f\rs2 p$icels "o in* long1 sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre52 calyx-tube r$di%1 campanulate2 calyx-lobes broad1 obtuse1 s]rate1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%1 entire1 almo/ sessile2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures v late2 "o in* 9 diamet]1 blunt-cordate1 some:at compress$2 cavity wide2 suture %all[2 color d>k r$2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-half in*es to two in*es long1 deeply ins]t$2 fle% amb]-color$1 ) abundant juice1 t5d]1 ri*1 sprightly subacid2 /one semi-cl++1 m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi%-ovate1 compress$4 ,,late ,,k5ti% ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees4 ,am4 #aig4 #ahde4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,k5ti% ,r$4 #c4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #bdi4 #ahag4 ,pie ,*]ry4 #d4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cga4 #ahdi4 ,r$ ,pie ,*]ry4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ajc4 #aheb4 ,k5ti%4 #f4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bag4 #ahed4 ,?is old *]ry s]v$ well ! ne$s ( ,am]icans 9 colonial times :5 all *]ries 7 gr[n f pits or suck]s4 ,?\gh b little improvem5t on ! wild ,prunus c]asus1 ! trees 7 s h>dy1 vigor\s1 heal?y & productive t any :o _h a bit ( sp>e l& c\ld h *]ries4 ,?is1 !re=e1 became preem95tly ! pie *]ry ( ,new ,engl& & ! ,nor? ,atlantic ,/ates4 ,! trees are long-liv$ & ev5 s late z a g5]ation ago ,d[n+ says t ?is v>iety is bett] kn[n among u ?an any o!r acid *]ry1 especially abundant on ! ,hudson & ne> ,new ,york4 ,! v>iety is nev] plant$ n[1 hav+ long s9ce be5 sup]s$$ by bett] sorts1 ,e>ly ,ri*mond & ,montmor5cy 9 p>ticul>1 b x is /ill to be f\nd z old trees or self-s[n ne> :]e a tree ( ! v>iety =m]ly /ood4 ,late ,k5ti% & ,e>ly ,ri*mond1 ! latt] ! ,k5ti% ( "s au?ors1 are mu* confus$4 ,late ,k5ti% is ! old ,pie ,*]ry ( ,colonial times4 ,x is a se$l+ sort belong+ to ,am]ica1 hav+ be5 plant$ along f5ces & roadsides 9 ! e>lie/ times4 ,?is *]ry is m5tion$ by ! ,pilgrims 9 #afbj & ?is & ! ,may ,duke 7 li/$ z m>ket v>ieties 9 ,massa*usetts4 ,_m believe x to be a se$l+ ( ,e>ly ,ri*mond1 sometimes1 z we h se51 call$ ,k5ti%1 b ?is v>iety be+ two weeks lat]1 receiv$ ! "n ,late ,k5ti%4 ,! "n 0 put on ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahgc4 ,! foll[+ description is a compilation3 ,tree small1 be>s annually1 v productive1 h>dy4 ,fruit matures ab\t two weeks aft] ,e>ly ,ri*mond2 m$ium or bel[ 9 size1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$2 /em "o in* to "o & "o-half in*es 9 l5g?1 /\t1 /raight2 color deep1 lively r$2 fle% light color$1 ) abundant colorless juice1 v t5d]1 s\r1 rema9+ q acid ev5 :5 fully ripe2 /one does n adh]e to ! /alk4 ,,li?au] ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbh4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #ag3i4 #ahib4 #c4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bde4 #ahid4 #d4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abh4 #aijj4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #cc4 #aijd-je4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,x is b>ely possible t ,li?au]1 if ! trees c be obta9$1 may h "s value 9 ! colde/ & bleake/ p>ts ( ,new ,york :]e less h>dy sorts _c be gr[n4 ,! v>iety is too poor 9 quality to be wor? plant+ :]e ! bett] b less h>dy *]ries w gr[4 ,we greatly d\bt :e!r x is wor?y a place 9 ! recomm5d$ li/ ( fruits ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society4 ,x is includ$ "h only because ( ! prom95ce giv5 x by a place 9 ! fruit li/ nam$4 ,?is is "o ( ! v>ieties import$ f ,russia by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd ( ,i[a1 :o report$ t x 0 mu* gr[n 9 s\?we/ ,russia = dry+ & 9 mak+ *]ry w9e4 ,z te/$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ?is c\ntry ,li?au] has prov$ ( little value except 9 ! extreme nor?4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society1 9 #aiji1 li/$ ?is sort 9 its catalog ( recomm5d$ fruits = nor!rn fruit regions4 ,! foll[+ description is compil$3 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 tall1 weep+1 h>dy4 ,fruit matures f ! middle to ! la/ ( ,july2 small1 r\ndi%1 slightly oblate2 /em long1 av]ag+ "o & "o-half in*es1 sl5d]2 color d>k purpli%-r$ becom+ almo/ black at maturity2 sk9 ?ick1 t\gh2 fle% d>k r$1 ) r$di% juice1 firm1 meaty1 q acid or bitt] ev5 :5 fully ripe2 poor 9 quality2 /one v>iable 9 size1 r\ndi%4 ,,l\is ,,philippe ,prunus avium ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bah4 #ahed4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #c4 ,horticulturi/ #bb3bhi1 #bij fig4 #ahfg4 #d4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bf1 #aie4 #ahgf4 #e4 ,cult4 ,c\nt4 ,g5t4 #db3cgh4 #ahgg4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,"h aga9 we h a v evid5t hybrid betwe5 "s ,sweet ,*]ry & a ,s\r ,*]ry ( ! ,morello type 9 :i* ,morello *>act]s are mo/ prom95t4 ,if ! description & color-plates ( ?is v>iety & ,olivet be comp>$ x w be f\nd t ! two *]ries are ne>ly id5tical4 ,!y diff] only 9 season ( rip5+ & 9 m9or tree-*>act]s :i* may be be/ summ>iz$ by ! /atem5t t ?is *]ry has 9 ! tree m ( ! aspect ( a ,morello ?an has ,olivet4 ,x may be suspect$ t "o or ! o!r ( ! two v>ieties on our gr\nds is misnam$ b ! descriptions ( all :o h describ$ ! two %[ t !y are v simil>1 if n id5tical4 ,! hi/ory ( ,l\is ,philippe1 long kn[n 9 ,am]ica b little or n at all kn[n 9 ,europe1 ?r[s "s light on ! "q ( its di/9ctness f ,olivet1 ! orig9 ( :i* is kn[n1 inasmu* z ,l\is ,philippe seems to be ! old] ( ! two4 ,! value ( ! two v>ieties to *]ry-gr[]s is ! same & is indicat$ 9 ! discussion ( ,olivet4 ,elliott1#hb ! ,am]ican pomologi/1 import$ ,l\is ,philippe f ,france 9 #ahdf b ! *]ry does n seem to h be5 kn[n at t "t 9 ,europe & x is possible t ,elliott gave x its "n4 ,= ! fir/ few ye>s ! v>iety 0 n giv5 ! recognition x des]v$ b1 9 #ahfb1 x 0 recogniz$ by ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society by a place on its li/ ( recomm5d$ fruits :i* x /ill holds "u ! "n1 ,philippe4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l\is ,,phillipe ,tree vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 op5-topp$2 trunk & bran*es int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 bran*es ) num]\s v l>ge1 elongat$1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 f\r & "o-half in*es long1 two & "o-eigh? in*es wide1 oval to obovate1 ?ick1 lea!ry2 upp] surface d>k1 %9y gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface olive-gre51 ) a l>ge1 prom95t midrib2 apex tap]-po9t$2 m>g9 f9ely s]rate1 ) r$di%-br[n gl&s2 petiole "o in* long1 usually ) "o or two l>ge1 globose1 yell[i%-r$1 gl&s1 v>iable 9 position4 ,fl[]s "o & "o-f\r? in*es across1 :ite1 well di/ribut$1 mo/ly 9 ?rees2 p$icels "o in* long1 ?ick1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube gre51 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes broad1 obtuse1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals slightly obovate1 entire1 broad1 slightly not*$ at ! apex2 /am5s "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal 9 l5g? to ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season or lat]2 ne>ly "o in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%-ovate2 cavity abrupt2 suture v %all[ to a m]e l9e2 apex flatt5$1 depress$2 color v d>k r$2 dots num]\s1 unusually small1 obscure2 /em "o & "o-f\r? in*es to "o & "o-half in*es long1 adh]+ well to ! fruit2 fle% light r$1 ) mu* w9e-color$ juice1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d] & melt+1 s\r at fir/1 becom+ pleasantly t>t at full maturity2 good 9 quality2 /one sep>ates readily f ! fle%1 small1 r\ndi%-ovate1 plump2 v5tral suture groov$2 dorsal suture ) a small ridge4 #hb ,elliott's ,am]ican ,fruit ,gr[]s ,guide1 publi%$ 9 #aheh & d$icat$ to ,pr(essor ,j>$ ,p4 ,kirtl&1 0 "o ( ! notable pomological books ( its day4 ,*]ry gr[]s1 9 p>ticul>1 owe ,elliott a debt ( gratitude = ! publicity t he gave to ,kirtl&'s *]ries1 hav+ describ$ 9 8 book #bj ( ! sorts orig9at$ by ,pr(essor ,kirtl&4 ,beside 8 fruit book he publi%$ ,popul> ,decidu\s & ,ev]gre5 ,trees 7#ahfh71 ,h&book = ,fruit-gr[]s 7#ahgf7 & ,h&book ( ,practical ,l&scape ,g>d5+ 7#ahgg74 ,he also s]v$ pomologi/s well = _m ye>s1 at v>i\s times1 f #ahej to #ahgc1 z ! secret>y ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society4 ,frankl9 ,reub5 ,elliott 0 born 9 ,guil=d1 ,connecticut1 ,april #bg1 #ahag4 ,we "k1 f complim5t>y spee*es1 accept$ by ,elliott1 t he 0 a desc5dant ( ,john ,eliot1 ,! ,apo/le ( ! ,indians4 ,z a "y man he engag$ ) a bro!r 9 ,new ,york z an import] ( dry goods1 ! firm be+ rat$ at half a million doll>s4 ,f9ancial ru9 came ?r\gh a disa/r\s fire &1 9 #ahcf1 ,elliott w5t to ,newburgh & 0 employ$ by ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+ f :om he imbib$ 8 k & mu* ( 8 love = pomology & horticulture4 ,a rov+ disposition & dissipat$ habits l$ him to leave ,d[n+ = a position ) a relative ne> ,c9c9nati :o 0 a m>ket-g>d5]4 ,a ready p5 seems f ?is "t on to h be5 8 *ief means ( livelihood = we f9d him successively 9 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 & ,/4 ,l\is1 ,miss\ri1 9 newspap] "w2 aft] a few ye>s 9 ea* place he w&]$ to ,wa%+ton :]e he 0 employ$ 9 ! ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice illu/rat+ ,am]ican fruits4 ,f 8 h& 9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice reports & f 8 fruit book1 came "s ( ! mo/ accurate & beautiful repres5tations ( ! fruits ( ?is cont95t4 ,x is probable t :ile 9 ,wa%+ton he began "w on 8 ,fruit ,gr[]s ,guide1 ! "t = :i*1 he tells u 9 8 preface1 took t5 ye>s4 ,social infirmities seem to h co/ him 8 position 9 ,wa%+ton & 8 la/ employm5t 0 ) ! ,clevel& ,h]ald1 aft] :i* comes ! record ( 8 dea? & burial 9 a paup]'s grave ,janu>y #aj1 #ahgh4 ,"o ( ! mo/ brilliant pomologi/s ( 8 "t1 8 c>e] seems aga9 & aga9 to h be5 *eck$ by ! weaknesses ( 8 life2 ev5 s1 he r5d]$ horticulture valuable s]vices = :i* we mu/ give him gratitude & honor4 ,,lutovka ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbh4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ag4 #ahig4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #cb1 #cc4 #aijd-je4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,galop94 #e4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ba4 #ahgf4 #f4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3ahi4 #ahig4 ,= a "t ,lutovka & ,galop9 7 li/$ z two di/9ct v>ieties4 ,unque/ionably !y are ! same despite ! seem+ diff]5ce 9 orig94 ,all we "k ( ,galop9 is t x 0 said to h be5 orig9at$ by a nurs]yman 9 ,belgium ^: "n x be>s4 ,! ,lutovka 0 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry by ,j4 ,l4 ,budd ( ,i[a1 9 #ahhc1 &1 accord+ to ! introduc]1 0 well kn[n 9 ,pol& & ,silesia z a roadside tree4 ,no?+ is said ( x 9 =eign lit]ature4 ,z 0 ! case ) _m ( ,budd's importations1 ?is v>iety did n /& ! te/ ( culture4 ,x is a %y be>] & is n[ seldom recomm5d$1 al?\gh x 0 plac$ on ! li/ ( desirable fruits ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahig :]e x /ill rema9s4 ,! v>iety has no value 9 ,new ,york4 ,9 #ahie1 ?is ,/ation s5t out buds :i* !y _h be5 l$ to believe 7 ! ,lutovka & :i* !y lat] f\nd to be ,brussel] ,braune4 ,! foll[+ description is compil$3 ,tree l>ge1 upright1 slightly spread+2 leaves l>ge1 ovate1 lea!ry1 produc$ f %ort spurs along ! ma9 bran*es4 ,fruit rip5s ! =ep>t ( ,july2 m$ium to above 9 size1 r\ndi%-oblate2 suture (t5 a l9e1 sometimes lack+2 /em %ort1 /\t1 set 9 a l>ge1 deep cavity2 sk9 d>k1 cle> r$1 ?91 t\gh1 transluc5t2 fle% colorless1 meaty1 juicy1 slightly acid2 quality good2 pit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 free4 ,,lyons ,prunus avium ,big>reau de ,lyon4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #af3ceh4 #ahej4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fa1 #fb fig4 #ahed4 ,big>reau ,jab\lay4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #gd4 #ahff4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ajj fig4 #bj1 #aja4 #ahff4 #e4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3ag1 #ah1 fig4 #g4 #ahff-gc4 #f4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #af1 ,pl4 #af4 #ahga4 #g4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bac fig41 #bad4 #ahgg4 #h4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #aag4 #ahgh4 ,e>ly ,lyons4 #i4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #aic1 fig4 #a4 #ahge4 #aj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bid1 #bie4 #ahhd4 ,e>ly ,jab\lay4 #aa4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bid4 #ahhd4 ,( ! "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five *]ries te/$ on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation dur+ ! pa/ t5 ye>s1 ,lyons is "o ( ! be/4 ,?\gh gr[n = ne>ly a c5tury 9 ,europe x seems nev] to h be5 well tri$ 9 ,am]ica probably because x has n be5 consid]$ p>ticul>ly valuable 9 ! ,old ,_w4 ,f its behavior at ?is ,/ation x appe>s to des]ve ext5sive trial z an extra e>ly m>ket *]ry = dess]t purposes1 z x is "o ( ! few t5d]-fle%$ *]ries t give promise ( /&+ h&l+ = di/ant m>kets4 ,?\gh commonly class$ z a h>d-fle%$ ,big>reau x is really an int]m$iate betwe5 ! firm-(-fle% *]ries & ! s(t-fle%$ ,he>ts4 ,9 ! tree x is a typical ,big>reau4 ,besides be+ "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ! ,he>t-l *]ries x is "o ( ! l>ge/1 h&some/ & be/ flavor$4 ,un=tunately1 because ( an accid5t1 we _c %[ a color-plate ( ?is spl5did *]ry4 ,on ^! gr\nds ! tree-*>act]s are ab\t all t c\ld be desir$1 ?\gh we are mak+ all[ance = a slight lack ( productiv5ess 9 ! "y tree :i* is "o ( ! faults commonly attribut$ to ,lyons by ,european writ]s2 h[ev]1 all agree t ! trees become fruitful ) age4 ,! blossoms ( ?is v>iety are conspicu\sly l>ge & %[y1 ) pi/ils unusual 9 be+ long] ?an ! /am5s4 ,! m]its ( ,lyons h be5 s pron\nc$ 9 ! sev]al ye>s we h wat*$ x t we feel q w>rant$ 9 recomm5d+ x = bo? home & comm]cial or*>ds4 ,ab\t #ahbb1 ,m4 ,jab\lay1 a nurs]yman at ,oull9s1 ne> ,lyons1 ,france1 graft$ ov] a numb] ( se$l+ *]ries :i* _h sprung up on 8 gr\nds4 ,five ye>s lat]1 hav+ decid$ to dig out ! trees1 he 0 attract$ by ! sup]b gr[? made by "o ( !m ^u :i* ! graft _h n />t$ & ord]$ ! tree to be sav$4 ,?is tree produc$ a full crop ( exce$+ly l>ge & attractive fruit :i* matur$ f> 9 advance ( o!r v>ieties4 ,jab\lay decid$ to save all ! grafts = propagation ! succe$+ ye> b f\nd ^u go+ to ! tree ! foll[+ spr+ t ! wood _h be5 /ol54 ,ab\t five ye>s lat] ,m4 ,rivire1 also a nurs]yman at ,oull9s1 plac$ ^u ! m>ket at ,lyons a v e>ly *]ry :i* he call$ ,big>reau ,anglaise b :i* 0 recogniz$ z ! same z ! "o f\nd by ,jab\lay4 ,?us h come ! sev]al names giv5 9 ! synonyms4 ,lyons has nev] be5 mu* gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,lewis ,b4 ,eaton ( ,buffalo1 ,new ,york1 9 import+ *]ry trees f ,france 9 #ahda & #ahdb1 f\nd among !m "o )\t a label :i* turn$ out to be ,big>reau de ,lyon1 lat] ! ,lyons4 ,trees ( ?is v>iety 7 receiv$ = te/+ at ?is ,/ation f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture "u ! "n ,htive de ,lyons4 ,^!1 z gr[n "h1 h prov$ id5tical 9 bo? tree & fruit *>act]s ) ! _m descriptions ( ,big>reau ,jab\lay1 or ,big>reau de ,lyon4 ,tree vigor\s1 a rapid gr[]1 upright-spread+2 bran*es /raggl+1 r$di%-br[n2 bran*lets ?ick1 long1 ) long int]nodes1 grayi%-br[n1 ) num]\s r l>ge1 conspicu\s1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 v>iable 9 size1 av]ag+ five & "o-half in*es long1 two & "o-half in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 long-elliptical to obovate1 ?92 upp] surface d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface light gre51 ) few hairs2 apex di/9ctly elongat$1 base abrupt2 m>g9 co>sely s]rate1 ) small1 d>k gl&s2 petiole (t5 two in*es long1 ?icki%1 pubesc5t on ! upp] surface1 gl&less or ) f "o to six l>ge1 r5i=m1 r$di% gl&s usually on ! /alk4 ,buds l>ge1 long1 conical1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & 9 small1 scatt]+ clu/]s2 leaf-sc>s obscure2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s l>ge1 (t5 "o & "o-half in*es across1 :ite2 borne 9 d5se clu/]s1 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels "o in* long1 glabr\s1 gre5 ) a trace ( r$2 calyx-tube di/9ctly r$di%1 some:at obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes /rongly t+$ ) r$1 broad1 acute1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals obovate1 entire1 tap]+ to di/9ct b %ort claws2 apex entire or ) a %all[1 wide not*2 filam5ts five-sixte5?s ( an in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to or long] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures e>ly2 "o in* 9 diamet]1 cordate1 compress$2 cavity fl>+2 suture %all[1 or a m]e l9e1 (t5 ext5d+ ar\nd ! fruit2 apex r\ndi% or po9t$2 color v d>k r$2 dots num]\s1 small1 russet2 /em ?ick1 "o & "o-half in*es long2 sk9 ?91 r t5d]1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% r$di%1 ) d>k color$ juice1 meaty1 sprightly1 sweet2 ( v good quality2 /one semi-cl++1 l>ge1 ovate1 plump1 ) smoo? surfaces2 ridg$ along ! v5tral suture4 ,,magnifique ,prunus avium ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,belle et ,magnifique4 #b4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bgi1 #bhj4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,ibid4 #bci4 #ahda4 ,belle ,magnifique4 #d4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aic4 #ahde4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #aheb4 #f4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aia4 #ahed4 #g4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bgb4 #aheg4 #h4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #hb fig41 #hc4 #aijd4 ,belle de ,magnifique4 #i4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #a3fa1 fig4 #a4 #ahec4 #aj4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #ai1 ,pl4 #ai4 #ahga4 ,belle de ,*at5ay4 #aa4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #agi fig41 #ahj4 #ahfj4 #ab4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3age-agh1 fig4 #dh4 #ahff4 #ab4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3eg1 #eh1 fig4 #bg4 #ahff-gc4 #ac4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccd1 #cdc4 #ahhi4 #ad4 ,guide ,prat4 #i1 #aha4 #ahie4 ,?is good1 old *]ry has nev] be5 consid]$ a comm]cial fruit 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 yet x is1 & has be51 surpris+ly popul> ) nurs]ym51 mo/ ( :om = ne>ly a c5tury h (f]$ x = sale4 ,a g5]ation ago1 :5 ,am]ican fruit-gr[+ 0 9 ! h&s ( connoisseurs1 ,magnifique 0 m popul> ?an n[4 ,x has fail$ z a comm]cial *]ry because ! crop rip5s v unev5ly1 !re be+ sometimes gre5 & fully ripe *]ries on ! tree at ! same "t1 ?\gh ! season is usually giv5 z v late4 ,?is is "o ( ! lighte/ 9 color ( ! hybrid ,dukes1 ! ,s\r ,*]ry p>5t v evid5tly hav+ be5 an ,am>elle--a conclusion to :i* bo? fruit & tree po9t4 ,! quality is usually c\nt$ z v good ?\gh x is too acid to be a fir/-rate dess]t *]ry = "s4 ,! trees are v vigor\s & usually are fruitful4 ,magnifique has be5 gr[n s long t its place 9 ! or*>d w\ld seem to h be5 fix$ by exp]i5ce2 yet x might be made m ?an a *]ry = ! home or*>d if "s comm]cial gr[] w\ld plant x 9 a %ad$ place & a cool soil & !reby ret>d rip5+ "t until o!r *]ries 7 gone4 ,?is valuable *]ry 0 br\ght to notice 9 #agie by ,*at5ay1 surnam$ ,magnifique1 a nurs]yman ne> ,p>is4 ,x seems1 at fir/1 to h be5 q commonly call$ ,belle de ,*at5ay b ,belle de ,magnifique became ! common] appellation end+ 9 ,am]ica at lea/ ) ! univ]sal "n ,belle ,magnifique4 ,! v>iety 0 introduc$ into ,am]ica f ,france sometime be=e #ahcj1 by ,g5]al ,h4 ,a4 ,s4 ,de>born1 ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts1 ,presid5t ( ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society4 ,! *]ry is typically a ,duke sort & is s li/$ by mo/ writ]s1 ?\gh ,d[n+ 9 #ahde plac$ x ) ! ,morello *]ries4 ,magnifique 0 plac$ ^u ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #aheb :]e x has s9ce rema9$4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 d5se1 productive2 trunk & bran*es /ocky1 br[n ov]laid ) d>k gray2 bran*lets ) _m1 small conspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 ?ree & "o-half in*es long1 two in*es wide1 obovate to oval1 ?icki%2 upp] surface d>k gre51 slightly rugose2 l[] surface f9ely pubesc5t2 apex abruptly po9t$1 base v>iable 9 %ape2 m>g9 f9ely s]rate1 ) small1 d>k gl&s2 petiole "o in* long1 t+$ ) dull r$1 groov$ on ! upp] surface & ) a few hairs1 gl&less or ) "o or two small1 r5i=m1 gre5i% gl&s usually at ! base ( ! leaf4 ,buds obtuse or conical1 plump1 free1 arrang$ z lat]al buds or 9 r d5se clu/]s on %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s obscure2 season ( bloom late2 fl[]s :ite1 "o in* across1 wide op52 borne 9 d5se clu/]s on %ort spurs1 usually 9 ?rees or f\rs2 p$icels "o in* long1 sl5d]1 glabr\s1 light gre52 calyx-tube gre5i%1 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes broadly & %all[ly d5tate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals obovate1 entire1 ) v %ort claws1 ind5t$ at ! apex2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures late2 ne>ly "o in* 9 diamet]1 cordate2 cavity r deep2 suture v %all[2 color pale r$ *ang+ to bright r$2 dots num]\s1 small1 russet1 conspicu\s2 /em "o & "o-f\r? in*es long2 sk9 ?ick1 t\gh1 adh]5t to ! pulp2 fle% :iti%1 ) abundant colorless juice1 f9e-gra9$1 meaty b t5d]1 pleasantly t>t1 sprightly2 v good 9 quality2 /one free1 small1 oval1 plump1 slightly po9t$1 ) smoo? surfaces2 slightly not*$ ne> ! base ( ! v5tral suture4 ,,may ,,duke ,prunus avium ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,bradley ,g>d4 #baa4 #agci4 #b4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aid4 #agfh4 #c4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acc1 #acd4 #ahcb4 #d4 ,g>d4 ,*ron4 #eg4 #ahdc4 #e4 ,cultivator ,n4 ,s4 #b3cai fig4 #ic4 #ahde4 #f4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aia1 #aib fig4 #ha4 #ahde4 #g4 ,bridgeman ,g>d4 ,ass't ,pt4 #c3 #ec1 #ed4 #ahdg4 #h4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #eb4 #ahdh4 #i4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baa4 #ahed4 #aj4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,g>d4 #b3edb1 #edc4 #ahee4 #aa4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3acc1 #acd1 fig4 #fe4 #ahff-gc4 #ab4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cje1 #cjf4 #ahhd4 #ac4 ,guide ,prat4 #h1 #aie1 #aif4 #ahie4 ,duke ,*]ry4 #ad4 ,ray ,hi/4 ,plant4 #b3aedj4 #afhh4 ,may ,*]ry4 #ae4 ,mill] ,g>d4 ,dict4 #a3aged4 #af4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ach-adj1 fig4 #cc4 #ahff4 ,ro! ,maikirs*e4 #ag4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffi4 #agig4 #ah4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhb4 #ahjb4 #ai4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cgg-chi4 #ahai4 #bj4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #aea fig41 #aeb4 #ahfj4 #ba4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3ace1 #acf1 fig4 #ff4 #ahff-gc4 #bb4 ,lau*e ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,iii3 ,no4 #af1 ,pl4 #ahhb4 #bc4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgd4 #ahhi4 ,royale ,htive4 #bd4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,nos4 #bc1 #bd1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #be4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #d1 ,pl4 #d4 #ahga4 #bf4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3chi fig41 #cij1 #cia4 #ahgg4 ,royale ,*]ry ,duke4 #bg4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3abg1 #abh1 fig4 #fd4 #ahhb4 ,esel ,kirs*e4 #bh4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bb4 #ahib-ic4 ,anglaise ,htive4 #bi4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #gh fig41 #gi4 #aijd4 ,may ,duke is "o ( ! olde/ &1 ! _w ov]1 "o ( ! mo/ popul> *]ries4 ,!re are sev]al reasons :y x has atta9$ & holds its popul>ity4 ,x is f9ely flavor$1 especially :5 prep>$ = ! table1 & ev5 be=e ripe2 x is also delici\s to eat out ( h& if ! *]ries are dead ripe1 :5 x is "o ( ! be/ ( ! subacid *]ries2 :ile "o ( ! e>lie/ ( its class1 x may be left to hang = a mon? or six weeks1 becom+ daily sweet] & m aromatic2 few or no *]ries ?rive 9 great] v>iations ( soil & climates1 ?is fact acc\nt+ 9 greate/ measure = its _w-wide di/ribution 9 temp]ate regions2 despite its t5d] fle%1 x %ips well ?\gh x is gr[n only = local m>kets s9ce its long p]iod ( rip5+ makes necess>y sev]al pick+s--a fatal defect = a cann+ *]ry or "o = ! g5]al trade2 la/ly1 ! trees are z fruitful z any1 & are h>dy1 vigor\s & heal?y4 ,! fruit is rem>kably well di/ribut$ 9 d5se clu/]s on trees *>act]i/ically upright & vasi=m & be>+ a heavy canopy ( d>k gre51 luxuriant foliage4 ,may ,duke fills a p>ticul> place 9 ! *]ry or*>d z a fruit = ! local m>ket & hundr$s ( new-com]s h n be5 able to supplant x4 ,! fact t x has lo/ none ( its pri/9e vigor1 heal? & productiv5ess 9 ! two hundr$ & m ye>s x has be5 kn[n contradicts ! idea t v>ieties ( fruit deg5]ate or we> out ) age4 ,:5 we pass 9 review all ( ! v>ieties ( *]ries1 all *>act]s & purposes consid]$1 ,may ,duke rema9s "o ( ! be/4 ,?is v>iety seems to h be5 fir/ m5tion$ by ,ray 9 #afhh4 ,may ,duke is suppos$ by "s ,engli% writ]s to h orig9at$ 9 a di/rict 9 ,france kn[n z ,mdoc & ! "n to h be5 d]iv$ f ! place4 ,:5 ?is *]ry fir/ receiv$ att5tion1 ! old /yle ( reckon+ "t 0 9 vogue & ! #aa? ( ,june 0 ! la/ day ( ,may4 ,x may1 !re=e1 be presum$ t ! v>iety d]iv$ its "n f its season ( rip5+ r ?an f a corruption ( ,mdoc4 ,a few ye>s ago ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd ( ,i[a import$ f ,russia sev]al *]ries among :i* 0 "o call$ ,esel ,kirs*e4 ,lat] ?is *]ry 0 di/ribut$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,z gr[n on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation1 ,esel ,kirs*e has prov$ to be ,may ,duke4 ,9 ,ohio ! two c\ld n be di/+ui%$ & ) ?is evid5ce we h li/$ ,esel ,kirs*e z a synonym ( ,may ,duke4 ,9 #ahcb1 ,william ,pr9ce m5tion$ ,may ,duke z be+ among ! fir/ ( ! *]ries introduc$ to ,am]ica f ,europe4 ,f ! ref]5ces to ?is v>iety 9 ! horticultural lit]ature & 9 ! nurs]y catalogs ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates we may say t x is "o ( ! mo/ widely di/ribut$ & be/-kn[n *]ries 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society plac$ ,may ,duke on its fruit catalog li/ 9 #ahdh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,may ,,duke ,tree l>ge1 upright becom+ some:at vasi=m & spread+ ) age1 op5-topp$1 v productive2 trunk ( m$ium ?ickness1 some:at %aggy2 bran*es smoo? or r\ghi%1 r$di%-br[n p>tly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 ) num]\s l5ticels v>iable 9 size2 bran*lets %ort1 br[n p>tly cov]$ ) light gray1 smoo?1 ) small1 inconspicu\s1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 ?ree & "o-half in*es long1 two in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate2 upp] surface v d>k gre51 rugose2 l[] surface ?9ly pubesc5t2 apex abruptly po9t$1 base acute2 m>g9 f9ely s]rate1 ) small1 d>k gl&s2 petiole "o in* long1 sl5d]1 t+$ ) r$1 groov$1 gl&less or ) "o or two small1 globose1 br[ni% gl&s1 usually at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds obtuse1 plump1 free1 9 l>ge clu/]s on %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 d5se clu/]s1 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels "o in* long1 sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube ) a t+e ( r$1 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes ) a trace ( r$1 r long1 n>r[1 acum9ate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals broad-oval1 entire1 ne>ly sessile2 apex cr5ate2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures e>ly1 al?\gh v>iable 9 habit2 ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 cordate to conical1 compress$2 cavity abrupt1 regul>2 suture indi/9ct2 apex r\ndi%1 ) a small depression at ! c5t]2 color light *ang+ to d>k r$ at full maturity2 dots num]\s1 russet1 obscure2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-half in*es long1 adh]+ /rongly to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% m$ium to d>k r$1 ) p9ki% juice1 t5d] & melt+1 sprightly subacid1 pleasant flavor$2 ( v good quality2 /one ne>ly free1 small1 r\ndi% to elliptical1 ) smoo? surfaces2 slightly ridg$ along ! v5tral suture4 ,,m]c] ,prunus avium #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #bfb1 ,pl4 #e4 #ahib4 #b4 ,am4 ,g>d4 #ad3ci fig4 #ahic4 #c4 ,c4 ,hort4 #ag3cbb fig4 #fic4 #ahid4 #d4 ,black ,son ,cat4 #bb fig4 #aiji4 ,?is comp>atively new ,big>reau is on probation 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,/ate & c\ntry1 o!rwise we %\ld n give x prom95ce 9 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york1 z ! v>iety is all b wor?less z x gr[s on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation4 ,! trees are n suffici5tly fruitful1 ! *]ries are too small1 ! flavor 9 none too good & ! fruit is n at all resi/ant to br[n-rot--f\r fatal defects = a comm]cial *]ry4 ,?is v>iety is report$ to h sprung f a pit ( a ,mazz>d tree & 0 introduc$ sev]al ye>s ago by ,black ,son ( ,hight/[n1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,! "n1 ,m]c]1 aft] ! c\nty 9 ,new ,j]sey f :i* x 0 introduc$1 0 giv5 ! *]ry by ,h4 ,e4 ,van ,deman1 !n ,unit$ ,/ates ,pomologi/4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 n always productive2 bran*es long1 grayi%-br[n1 smoo?1 ) a few small1 inconspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 f\r & "o-half in*es long1 two & "o-f\r? in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 long-oval1 lea!ry2 upp] surface d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface light gre51 pubesc5t1 groov$ along ! midrib2 apex tap]-po9t$1 base abrupt2 m>g9 co>sely & d\bly s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole "o & "o-half in*es long1 t+$ ) dull r$1 ?ick1 ) f two to five v l>ge1 r5i=m1 r$di% gl&s1 v>iable 9 position4 ,buds ( m$ium size & l5g?1 conical1 plump1 free2 leaf-sc>s r prom95t2 season ( bloom e>ly2 fl[]s "o & "o-f\r? in*es across1 9 scatt]+ clu/]s 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels ?ree-f\r?s in* long1 glabr\s2 calyx-tube gre5 or fa9tly t+$ r$1 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes gre5i% /reak$ ) r$ along ! edges1 long1 obtuse1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals broad-oval1 entire1 slightly ind5t$ at ! apex1 tap]+ to %ort1 blunt claws2 filam5ts "o-half in* long1 %ort] ?an ! petals2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 small1 cordate to blunt-conic1 compress$2 cavity %all[1 n>r[1 abrupt2 suture an indi/9ct l9e2 apex flatt5$ or depress$2 color black2 dots small1 num]\s1 obscure2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 r t5d]2 fle% r$di%1 ) d>k color$ juice1 t5d]1 meaty1 crisp1 aromatic1 mild flavor$1 sweet2 fair to good 9 quality2 /one free or semi-cl++1 v>iable 9 size1 ovate1 flatt5$1 blunt-po9t$1 ) smoo? surfaces1 t+$ ) r$4 ,,mezel ,prunus avium #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,big>reau ,mon/rueux4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #df4 #ahca4 ,big>reau ( ,mezel4 #c4 ,horticulturi/ #a3dge fig41 #dgf4 #ahdf-dg4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ajg fig41 #ajh4 #ahff4 #e4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ded4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bah fig41 #bai4 #ahgg4 ,great ,big>reau4 #g4 ,horticulturi/ #f3bj fig41 #ba4 #ahea4 #h4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bec4 #aheg4 ,mon/reuse de ,mezel4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,s*w>ze ,knorpel von ,mezel4 #aj4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgg4 #ahhi4 ,mezel seems to h made a /ir 9 pomological circles 9 ! middle ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury by reason ( ! great size & beautiful appe>ance ( ! *]ries4 ,?\gh on ! recomm5d$ li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society & frequ5tly spok5 ( 9 ! pomological works ( ! day & (f]$ by "s nurs]ym51 we h n be5 able to f9d _m trees ( ?is v>iety n[ gr[+ 9 ,new ,york4 ,we glean f ! lit]ature t ,mezel pleas$ ! eye m ?an ! palate & t ! trees1 :ile vigor\s & heal?y1 7 n productive4 ,at any rate aft] a decade or two ( mu* adv]tis+ & :at w\ld seem to h be5 a v ?or\gh trial1 ,mezel fail$ to receive v g5]al approbation f *]ry-gr[]s & has n[ almo/ pass$ f cultivation4 ,contr>y to ! g5]al behavior ( ! v>iety 9 ,new ,york1 ! tree & fruit f :i* ! accompany+ description 0 made h s _m m]its t "o c well wi% t ! v>iety w n :olly pass out ( cultivation4 ,?is v>iety 0 f\nd at ,mezel1 ,puy-de-,dme1 ,france1 by ,m4 ,ligi] sometime prior to #ahdf :5 x 0 br\ght to notice4 ,ev5 s1 x _h gr[n 9 a v9ey>d at t place = ?irty ye>s & 0 only made public aft] an excursion ( sev]al memb]s ( a horticultural society to ! v9ey>d4 ,x 0 imm$iately h]ald$ z a com+ v>iety & grafts 7 di/ribut$4 ,great ,big>reau1 :i* made its appe>ance a few ye>s lat]1 is "h includ$ z a synonym ?\gh _m writ]s li/ x z a di/9ct sort4 ,big>reau ,mon/rueux1 fir/ li/$ 9 ! ,london ,horticultural ,society catalog = #ahca1 is held by _m pomologi/s to be id5tical ) ,mezel :i*1 if true1 ca/s "s d\bt on ! g5]ally accept$ hi/ory ( ! v>iety4 ,mezel appe>$ on ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahfb b 0 disc>d$ 9 #ahfi2 x 0 replac$ 9 #ahhc & is /ill on ! li/ ?\gh x is sc>cely kn[n 9 any "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mezel ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess2 trunk /ocky1 ne>ly smoo?2 bran*es ?ick1 smoo?1 r$di%-br[n p>tly ov]spread ) d>k a%-gray1 ) l5ticels m$ium 9 numb] & size2 bran*lets ( av]age ?ickness1 v>iable 9 l5g?1 ) int]nodes ( m$ium l5g?1 br[n p>tly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 glabr\s1 ) small1 inconspicu\s1 rais$ l5ticels m$ium 9 numb]4 ,leaves num]\s1 five in*es long1 (t5 two & "o-half in*es wide1 long-oval1 ?92 upp] surface d>k gre51 /rongly rugose giv+ a crumpl$ appe>ance2 l[] surface dull1 light gre51 ) slight pubesc5ce2 apex v>ies f abrupt to tap]-po9t$1 base abrupt2 m>g9 gl&ul>1 co>sely s]rate2 petiole long1 av]ag+ "o & "o-half in*es1 sl5d]1 t+$ ) r$1 ) f "o to f\r r5i=m gl&s ( m$ium size on ! petiole4 ,buds int]m$iate 9 size & l5g?1 plump1 po9t$1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds or 9 clu/]s ( v>i\s sizes on bo? long & %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s "o & sev5-sixte5?s in*es across1 well di/ribut$ 9 scatt]+ clu/]s 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels "o & "o-eigh? in*es long1 m$ium 9 ?ickness1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube ) a slight t+e ( r$1 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes long1 m$ium 9 wid?1 acute1 slightly s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t2 petals some:at obovate1 cr5ate1 ne>ly sessile1 ) a v %all[ not* at ! apex2 an!rs yell[2 filam5ts %ort] ?an ! petals2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s1 (t5 defective4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 l>ge1 sev5-eigh?s in* long1 ?irte5-sixte5?s in* wide1 cordate1 compress$1 ! surface m>k$ly irregul> & brok5 into ridges2 cavity v deep1 wide1 irregul>1 abrupt2 suture v>iable1 %all[ to v deep & wide & at times d\ble2 apex blunt-po9t$1 usually n depress$2 color attractive purpli%-black2 dots num]\s1 v small1 some:at russet1 obscure2 /em m$ium 9 ?ickness1 long1 av]ag+ two & "o-eigh? in*es1 adh]es well to ! fruit2 sk9 m$ium 9 ?ickness1 r t5d] b n incl9$ to crack1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp2 fle% purpli%-r$1 ) abundant d>k r$ juice1 t5d]1 meaty1 mild1 v pleasant1 sweet2 v good to be/ 9 quality2 /one cl++1 l>ge1 /rongly ovate1 ) slightly r\ghi% surface4 ,,montmor5cy ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aha1 #ahb4 #agfh4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3f1 ,tab4 #ae fig4 #a4 #agib4 #c4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bib4 #ahjb4 #d4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fef1 #feg1 #fia4 #ahai4 #e4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bha4 #ahcb4 #f4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #ad1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3ec1 #ed1 fig4 #be4 #ahff-gc4 #h4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #c1 ,pl4 #c4 #ahga4 #i4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cfa1 #cfb fig41 #cfc1 #cfd4 #ahgg4 #aj4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfi4 #ahhi4 #aa4 ,guide ,prat4 #i1 #aif4 #ahie4 #ab4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aab fig4 #d1 #aac1 #aad4 #aijj4 #ac4 ,am4 ,g>d4 #bb3bff1 #bfg4 #aija4 #ad4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,kle9e ,glaskirs*e von ,montmor5cy4 #ae4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dfc1 #dfd1 #dfe4 #ahai4 ,long ,/em ,montmor5cy4 #af4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aci4 #ahcb4 ,am>elle ,royale4 #ag4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aia-aie1 fig4 #ec4 #ahff4 ,montmor5cy ,ord9aire4 #ah4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ag4 #ahig4 #ai4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3ge1 fig4 #ae4 #aijc4 #bj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #cc1 #cd1 ,pl4 #b4 #aijd-je4 ,montmor5cy is ! mo/ popul> ,s\r ,*]ry gr[n 9 ,am]ica4 ,no "o que/ions its supremacy4 ,probably half ( ! *]ry trees 9 ,new ,york1 ,sweet or ,s\r1 are ,montmor5cies & at lea/ ?ree-f\r?s ( all ! trees ( ! ,s\r ,*]ry are ( ?is v>iety4 ,x leads 9 ! dem&s = ?is fruit 9 ! m>kets1 = ! cann]y & = home use z a cul9>y *]ry4 ,sev]al *>act]s give x fir/ place4 ,x is surpass$ by no o!r ,s\r ,*]ry1 9 ,new ,york at lea/1 9 vigor1 heal? & productiv5ess ( tree4 ,9 ! la/ "*1 9 p>ticul>1 x is supreme4 ,ye> 9 & ye> out1 ,montmor5cy trees are fruitful4 ,possibly1 too1 no o!r ,s\r ,*]ry is adapt$ to a great] div]sity ( soils ?an ,montmor5cy1 :i*1 ) capacity to /& heat & cold1 makes ! v>iety suitable to wide v>iations 9 environm5t4 ,! *]ries are 9 no way rem>kable--n mu* above ! av]age = an ,am>elle 9 size1 appe>ance or quality1 9 all ( ^! *>act]s be+ mu* inf]ior to ,l>ge ,montmor5cy4 ,! fruit has ! advantage ( be+ pres5table 9 appe>ance & fit = cul9>y purposes sev]al days be=e x is fully ripe & ?is adds to ! value ( ! v>iety = ! m>ket4 ,br[n-rot takes less toll f ?is *]ry ?an ( o!rs ( its k9d probably because ( relatively firm fle% & ?ick sk94 ,^! *>act]s1 also1 make ! fruit /& h&l+ well 9 h>ve/+1 %ipp+ & on ! m>kets4 ,! pres]v$ product1 :e!r cann$ at home or comm]cially1 is attractive 9 appe>ance & v good4 ,montmor5cy is n a dess]t *]ry b = ^? :o l ,s\r ,*]ries x may be eat5 out ( h& ) reli% :5 x is fully matur$4 ,"s ma9ta9 t ! v>iety falls %ort 9 ! size ( ! tree1 :i* is seldom m ?an m$ium1 b ! head is spread+ & mu*-bran*$ & ! fruit is borne 9 clu/]s ?ickly scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole head s t ! total yield f a tree is great] ?an w\ld be ?\ght f its size4 ,= any & all purposes to :i* ,s\r ,*]ries are put ,montmor5cy may be recomm5d$ z ! be/ 9 its season4 ,un=tunately sev]al q di/9ct *]ries be> ! "n ,montmor5cy & x has be5 mo/ difficult to sep>ate !m 9 pomological lit]ature4 ,to make matt]s worse1 all ( !m h be5 mu* confus$ ) o!r v>ieties1 ,e>ly ,ri*mond 9 p>ticul>4 ,! diff]5t ,montmor5cies & ,e>ly ,ri*mond orig9at$ 9 ! ,montmor5cy ,valley1 ,france1 sev]al c5turies ago1 at lea/ be=e ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury1 probably z se$l+s ( ,c]ise ,htive or ( ,c]ise ,commune4 ,^! ,montmor5cy *]ries diff] f ea* o!r pr9cipally 9 _! /ems & fruit1 "o hav+ long /ems & mod]ate-siz$1 regul> fruit2 "o %ort] /ems & l>g] fruit2 & ! ?ird1 v %ort1 ?ick /ems & oblate1 irregul> fruit %[+ a di/9ct suture4 ,! fir/ *]ry has be5 g5]ally kn[n1 p>ticul>ly among ! ,fr5*1 z ,montmor5cy ,longue ,queue or sometimes ,c]ise de ,montmor5cy4 ,?is is ! ,montmor5cy ( ?is sket*4 ,duhamel1 9 #agfh1 0 ! fir/ writ] to m5tion ?is *]ry directly & accord+ to 8 /atem5t x 0 !n e/eem$ ar\nd ,p>is1 be+ sup]ior 9 productiv5ess to ! ,l>ge ,montmor5cy4 ,montmor5cy e>ly f\nd its way into ,engl&1 :]e x soon became confus$ ) its probable p>5t1 ! ,fr5* ,c]ise ,htive or ! ,engli% ,k5ti%4 ,9 a %ort "t x _h replac$ ,k5ti% 9 _m nurs]ies & came to be call$ ,k5ti% 9 mu* ( ! lit]ature ( ! "t4 ,j :5 ,montmor5cy 0 introduc$ to ?is c\ntry is n kn[n b x has be5 cultivat$ "h "u v>i\s names = _m ye>s4 ,william ,pr9ce spoke ( x 9 #ahcb z ! ,long ,/em ,montmor5cy & x has long & commonly be5 kn[n "h z ,montmor5cy ,ord9aire4 ,montmor5cy is to be f\nd 9 ne>ly e nurs]y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates "u v>i\s names1 "s nurs]ym5 us+ ! ,fr5* "n1 o!rs ! ,engli%1 :ile /ill o!rs are sell+ ! v>iety z ,l>ge ,montmor5cy4 ,_m suppos$ /ra9s h be5 giv5 new names b x is d\btful if any di/9ct /ra9s ( ?is *]ry exi/4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society add$ ,montmor5cy to its fruit catalog li/ 9 #ahig us+ ! qualify+ t]m ,ord9aire :i* 0 dropp$ 9 #aiji4 ,illu/ration3 ,,montmor5cy ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 ) ! l[] bran*es incl9$ to droop1 r\nd-topp$1 productive2 trunk & bran*es smoo?2 bran*es r$di%-br[n t+$ ) light a%-gray1 ) a few l5ticels ( m$ium size2 bran*lets sl5d]1 r$di%-br[n p>tly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 ) a few small1 inconspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves ?ree in*es long1 "o & "o-half in*es wide1 fold$ upw>ds or flatt5$1 oval to obovate1 lea!ry2 upp] surface d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 ) a few scatt]+ hairs2 apex & base v>iable 9 %ape2 m>g9 d\bly cr5ate1 gl&ul>2 petiole "o in* long1 t+$ ) dull r$1 gl&less or ) f "o to ?ree small1 globose1 br[ni% or yell[i% gl&s1 usually at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds obtuse1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly or 9 clu/]s on %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s obscure2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 scatt]$ clu/]s 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels "o in* long1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube gre51 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes t+$ ) r$1 broad1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi% to obovate1 cr5ate1 ) %ort1 blunt claws & %all[1 cr5ate apex2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to or slightly long] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%-oblate1 slightly compress$2 cavity abrupt2 suture v %all[2 apex r\ndi%2 color light to r d>k r$2 dots num]\s1 small1 russet1 inconspicu\s2 /em ?ick1 usually ) a fa9t t+e ( r$1 "o in* long1 adh]+ well to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% pale yell[1 ) a r$di% t+e1 ) abundant light p9k juice1 t5d] & melt+1 sprightly1 t>t2 ( v good quality2 /one free1 small1 r\ndi%-ovate1 flatt5$1 po9t$1 ) smoo? surfaces :i* are t+$ ) r$4 ,,napoleon ,prunus avium #a4 ,pr9ce ,treat4 ,hort4 #cj4 #ahbh4 #b4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bgc1 #bgd4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahc4 #ahde4 #d4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cfe4 #ahdi4 #e4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #a3bg1 #bh1 fig4 #b4 #ahec4 #f4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bae4 #ahei4 #g4 ,?ompson ,g>d4 ,ass't #ebg4 #ahei4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #i4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3acb4 #ahff4 #aj4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dgj4 #ahfi4 #aa4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #i1 ,pl4 #i4 #ahga4 #ab4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bai1 #bbj fig41 #bba4 #ahgg4 #ac4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #eg1 ,pl4 #dfe4 #ahgh4 #ad4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aji1 #aaj1 fig4 #ee4 #ahhb4 #ae4 ,cornell ,/a4 ,bul4 #ih3dic1 fig4 #hg4 #ahie4 #af4 ,ont4 ,fr4 ,gr4 ,assoc4 ,rpt4 #e3ch fig4 #ahih4 ,gros ,big>reau ,blanc4 #ag4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afe4 #agfh4 #ah4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cjh-caj4 #ahai4 #ai4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3abc-abf1 fig4 #bi4 #ahff4 #bj4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3agi1 #ahj fig41 #aha4 #ahgg4 #ba4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ced4 #ahhi4 ,lau]mannskirs*e4 #bb4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffd4 #agig4 #bc4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhj4 #ahjb4 #bd4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bib-bie1 #cbc-cbh4 #ahai4 #be4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfg4 #ahhi4 ,lange ,m>morkirs*e4 #bf4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fee4 #agig4 #bg4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ccj-ccc4 #ahai4 ,hollndis*e ,grosse ,pr9zess9kirs*e4 #bh4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bha4 #ahjb4 #bi4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bie-bii4 #ahai4 #cj4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #abe fig41 #abf4 #ahfj4 #ca4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aag1 #aah1 fig4 #ei4 #ahhb4 #cb4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ceg4 #ahhi4 ,h>rison's ,he>t4 #cc4 ,=sy? ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees #db4 #ahjc4 #cd4 ,brook%aw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #a3fi1 #gj1 ,pl4 #cd fig4 #b4 #ahbc4 #ce4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3ade1 #adf1 fig4 #ga4 #ahff-gc4 #cf4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfb4 #ahhi4 ,grosse ,weisse ,m>morkirs*e4 #cg4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #caf1 #cag1 #fhb4 #ahai4 ,holl& ,big>reau4 #ch4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aha fig41 #ahb4 #ahde4 ,big>reau d',esp]54 #ci4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aai1 #abj fig41 #aba4 #ahff4 #dj4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfc4 #ahfi4 #da4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3aa1 #ab1 fig4 #d4 #ahff-gc4 #db4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3aih fig41 #aii4 #ahgg4 #dc4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdg4 #ahhi4 #dd4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #cba1 #cbb4 #aiab4 ,big>reau ,gros ,coeuret4 #de4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3abf-abi1 fig4 #cj4 #ahff4 #df4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #bc1 ,pl4 #bc4 #ahga4 #dg4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bjh1 #bji fig41 #baj4 #ahgg4 ,royal ,ann4 #dh4 ,cal4 ,bd4 ,hort4 ,rpt4 #ei1 ,pl4 #ah4 #ahic-id4 #di4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aib4 #aijg4 #ej4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3ca1 fig4 #h4 #aiaj4 ,napoleon is ! lead+ firm-fle%$ ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,x takes its place by virtue ( ! l>ge size1 h&some appe>ance & high quality ( ! fruit & ! ph5om5al productiv5ess ( ! trees4 ,! accompany+ plate %[s well ! l>ge size & beautiful color ( ! *]ries--unsurpass$ 9 ei!r "* by any o!r ,big>reau & possibly by any o!r *]ry4 ,! flavor is ri* & sweet :i*1 ) ! abundant juice & firm1 crackl+ fle%1 makes ?is a mo/ delici\s & refre%+ *]ry = dess]t &1 ) ! great size & attractive color1 gives x pref]5ce ov] all o!r ,sweet ,*]ries = cul9>y purposes4 ,9 p>ticul>1 *]ry-cann]s f9d t ,napoleon makes a f9ely f9i%$ product4 ,! *]ries c>ry well & keep long & are1 !re=e1 well ?\ght ( by fruit-deal]s4 ,besides be+ v productive1 ! trees come 9 be>+ e>ly & are z vigor\s1 h>dy & heal?y z ^? ( any o!r ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,!y may usually be kn[n by _! upright gr[? & l>ge1 /urdy limbs4 ,napoleon1 h[ev]1 is n )\t its faults4 ,! *]ries crack badly 9 wet wea!r & ! v>iety c be gr[n ) c]ta9ty only 9 ! dry summ] climate ( ! ,pacific ,coa/1 :]e1 especially 9 ,oregon & ,wa%+ton1 x rea*es truly wond]ful p]fection4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 too1 ,napoleon is m susceptible to br[n-rot ?an sev]al ( its rivals4 ,possibly ! greate/ fault1 h[ev]1 is 9 ! tree1 :i* is v fa/idi\s z to soils1 ?riv+ only 9 *oice *]ry l& & 9 a cong5ial *]ry climate4 ,despite ^! r s]i\s faults1 *]ry-gr[]s agree t ,napoleon takes fir/ place among ,sweet ,*]ries = bo? home & comm]cial plant+s4 ,napoleon is ( unkn[n orig94 ,e>ly 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury x 0 gr[n by ! ,g]mans1 ,fr5*1 ,dut* & ,engli%1 pro( t x is a v old v>iety4 ,l]oy believes t x 0 describ$ by ,m]let 9 #affg b "u ano!r "n4 ,! great numb] ( synonyms 9 sev]al languages gives "s idea ( ! c\ntries 9 :i* ! v>iety has be5 gr[n z well z ! e/eem 9 :i* x has be5 held4 ,!re are sev]al acc\nts z to :5 ! *]ry 0 giv5 ! "n ,napoleon4 ,probably ! be/ au!nticat$ is t 9 :i* x is held t ,p>m5ti]1 a ,belgian1 gave ! *]ry ! "n ( ! fam\s emp]or 9 #ahbj4 ,:5 ! v>iety 0 tak5 to ,engl&1 :]e at t "t ,napoleon 0 n 9 good repute1 ! "n ( 8 conqu]or1 ,well+ton1 0 sub/itut$ b seems to h be5 little us$4 ,z if n cont5t ) ! score or m ( ,european names1 *]ry-gr[]s 9 ,am]ica h add$ at lea/ two m4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry x is locally call$ ! ,ox ,he>t4 ,on ! ,pacific ,coa/ x is gr[n & sold by nurs]ym5 & fruit-gr[]s alike z ,royal ,ann1 a "n giv5 x by its introduc]1 ,se? ,lewell+1 ( ,milwaukee1 ,oregon1 :o lo/ ! label be>+ ! old "n 9 tak+ x across ! ,cont95t 9 e>ly days & gave x a new "n4 ,) incompreh5sible p]si/5cy ,we/]n horticulturi/s ma9ta9 ?is synonym to ! confusion ( horticultural nom5clature4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society plac$ ,napoleon on its fruit li/ 9 #ahfb1 x hav+ be5 gr[n 9 ,am]ica = at lea/ #dj ye>s be=e receiv+ ?is honor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,napoleon ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 op5-topp$1 v productive2 trunk ?ick1 %aggy2 bran*es ?ick1 r\gh5$ by ! l5ticels1 dull br[n ov]laid ) a%-gray1 ) num]\s l>ge1 rais$ l5ticels2 bran*lets ?ick1 long1 light br[n ov]spread ) gray1 smoo?1 ) a few inconspicu\s1 small l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 five & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 two & "o-half in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 elliptical to obovate2 upp] surface d>k gre51 rugose2 l[] surface light gre51 some:at pubesc5t2 apex acute1 base v>iable 9 %ape2 m>g9 d\bly s]rate1 ) small1 d>k gl&s2 petiole "o & "o-f\r? in*es long1 ?ick1 t+$ ) dull r$1 hairy along ! upp] surface1 ) f "o to ?ree l>ge1 r5i=m1 r$di%-orange gl&s1 usually on ! /alk4 ,buds v>iable 9 size1 conical1 free1 arrang$ s+ly or 9 ?9 clu/]s f lat]al buds & f spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-half in*es across2 borne 9 scatt]+ clu/]s 9 ones or 9 twos2 p$icels v>iable 9 l5g?1 av]ag+ "o in* long1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube gre51 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes t+$ ) r$1 long1 r n>r[1 acum9ate1 s]rate1 reflex$2 petals oval1 entire1 d5tate at ! apex1 ) %ort1 n>r[ claws2 filam5ts "o-half in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s1 (t5 defective4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 ov] "o in* 9 diamet]1 conical to long-cordate1 compress$2 cavity deep1 wide1 fl>+2 suture a di/9ct l9e2 apex mu* po9t$2 color1 v>y+ %ades ( bright r$ ov] a yell[i% backgr\nd1 di/9ctly mottl$2 dots obscure2 /em sl5d]1 m ?an "o in* long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 r adh]5t2 fle% :iti%1 ) a fa9t yell[ t+e1 ) colorless juice1 t5d]1 meaty1 crisp1 mild1 ! flavor improv+ z ! season advances1 sweet2 good to v good 9 quality2 /one semi-cl++1 small1 ovate1 flatt5$1 po9t$1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,,n\velle ,,royale ,prunus avium ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #gb1 ,pl4 #ahfb4 #b4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 #g3bdh4 #ahfe4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #gj1 #hh4 #ahff4 #d4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3adg1 #adh1 fig4 #gb4 #ahff-gc4 #e4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dhd4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ca4 #ahge4 #g4 ,gau*] ,pom4 ,prak4 ,ob/4 ,no4 #hj1 ,tab4 #cc4 #ahid4 #h4 ,guide ,prat4 #i4 #ahie4 ,if ?is *]ry 7 to be judg$ by its behavior on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation1 x w\ld be call$ "o ( ! be/ ( ! hybrid ,dukes4 ,9 p>ticul>1 x w\ld be comm5d$ by its product1 ! trees n mak+ z good a %[+ z ! fruit4 ,! *]ries are di/+ui%$ by _! l>ge size1 d>k r$ color1 glossy surface1 good quality1 lat5ess 9 maturity &1 ev5 m p>ticul>ly1 sweetness1 keep+ 9 m9d t ! v>iety is a hybrid & n a true ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,! %ape1 too1 (f]s a di/+ui%+ "*1 ! fruits be+ m oblate ?an 9 any o!r ,duke4 ,! long1 /\t /em is /ill ano!r *>act]i/ic4 ,un=tunately ! tree1 :ile satisfactory 9 all o!r respects1 is unproductive--a fatal fault 9 ^! days ( comm]cial fruit-gr[+4 ,n\velle ,royale is n widely kn[n 9 ,am]ica & may well be giv5 trial by ^? :o want a late ,duke4 ,?is v>iety is suppos$ f its fruit- & tree-*>act]s to be a hybrid betwe5 ,e>ly ,ri*mond & ,may ,duke b :]e1 h[ & :5 x came to light is n kn[n4 ,d[n+1 9 #ahfi1 m5tions ! ,n\velle ,royale z hav+ rec5tly be5 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry & x 0 not$ 9 ! ,report ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society = #ahge b has nev] receiv$ a place ^u ! ,society's fruit catalog li/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,n\velle ,,royale ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright1 compact1 mod]ately productive2 trunk ( m$ium size2 bran*es upright1 ?icki%2 bran*lets sl5d]1 long1 br[n p>tly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 ) v num]\s conspicu\s1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 ?ree & "o-half in*es long1 two in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate2 upp] surface d>k gre51 glossy1 rugose2 l[] surface light gre51 lightly pubesc5t2 apex abruptly po9t$1 base acute2 m>g9 f9ely & d\bly s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole "o & "o-f\r? in*es long1 sl5d]1 t+$ ) dull r$1 groov$ & ) few hairs along ! upp] surface1 gl&less or ) f "o to f\r globose1 gre5i%-yell[ or r$di% gl&s v>iable 9 size usually at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds small1 %ort1 obtuse1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & on %ort spurs 9 clu/]s v>iable 9 size2 leaf-sc>s obscure2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s :ite1 "o in* across2 borne 9 d5se clu/]s 9 ?rees & f\rs2 p$icels ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long1 sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube ) a t+e ( r$1 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes some:at r$di%1 broad1 acute1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%1 entire1 ne>ly sessile1 apex entire2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 long] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 ne>ly "o in* 9 diamet]1 oblate1 /rongly compress$2 cavity deep1 n>r[1 abrupt2 suture %all[2 apex flatt5$ or slightly depress$2 color d>k r$2 dots num]\s1 small1 russet1 inconspicu\s2 /em "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% pale yell[i% or ) a t+e ( r$1 ) light p9k juice1 slightly /r+y1 t5d] & melt+1 pleasantly flavor$1 mildly t>t2 ( v good quality2 /one free1 r\ndi%-oval1 plump1 blunt1 oblique1 ) smoo? surfaces (t5 t+$ ) r$1 ) small ridges radiat+ f ! base4 ,,olivet ,prunus avium ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 #ai3ai4 #ahgg4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bj4 #ahha4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afd4 #ahha4 #d4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #ag3aa4 #ahib4 #e4 ,cal4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #caf4 #ahie-ig4 #f4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #acc3bg4 #aijb4 #g4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3gf1 #gg4 #aijc4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #bd4 #aijd-je4 #i4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3ba4 #aiaj4 ,olivet is a l>ge1 globul>1 deep r$1 glossy *]ry ) a ri*1 v9\s1 subacid flavor4 ,"s writ]s call ,olivet a ,duke :ile o!rs place x ) ! ,morellos4 ,! fruit1 on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation1 %[s _m *>act]i/ics ( ! ,morellos :ile ! tree appe>s to be a ,duke1 sugge/+ t x is a hybrid betwe5 trees ( ! two gr\ps4 ,! fruit1 eat5 out ( h&1 w\ld be rat$ z a v good ,morello or a subacid & some:at m$iocre ,duke1 a fruit h>dly good en\gh = dess]t & n z good z "s ( ! s\r] *]ries = cul9>y purposes4 ,x is "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ! ,morello-l *]ries & ?is may give x a place 9 ! *]ry flora ( ! c\ntry4 ,! trees are l>ge & vigor\s & _! mu*-bran*$1 r\nd tops w\ld seem to give ! maximum am\nt ( be>+ surface1 b1 un=tunately1 ! *]ries d n set abundantly4 ,on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation ! v>iety is n fruitful1 ?is be+ its *ief defect4 ,9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 h[ev]1 x is report$ to be ei!r v productive or mod]ately s4 ,! descriptions ( ?is *]ry z giv5 by ,am]ican exp]im5t /ations & nurs]ym5 %[ pla9ly t !re are sev]al di/9ct sorts pass+ "u ! "n ,olivet 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,olivet1 ( comp>atively rec5t orig91 0 f\nd at ,olivet1 ,loire1 ,france4 ,am]ican nurs]ym5 introduc$ ?is v>iety sometime previ\s to #ahgg1 = 9 t ye> ! ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly m5tion$ ! *]ry z be+ a valuable ,duke sort fill+ an unoccupi$ place among ! li/ ( e>ly *]ries 9 c5tral ,new ,york4 ,olivet 0 ent]$ on ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society's catalog li/ ( fruits 9 #ahha :]e x is /ill reta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,olivet ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 r\nd-topp$1 unproductive2 trunk ?icki%1 r r\gh2 bran*es ?ick1 smoo?1 r$di%-br[n p>tly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 ) num]\s small l5ticels2 bran*lets %ort1 br[n p>tly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 ) num]\s rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 ?ree & "o-half in*es long1 "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate to oval1 ?92 upp] surface d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface light gre51 glossy1 ) a few scatt]+ hairs2 apex acute2 m>g9 d\bly s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole "o & "o-f\r? in*es long1 gre5i%1 gl&less or ) "o or two globose1 br[ni% gl&s v>iable 9 position4 ,buds usually po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & 9 small clu/]s on %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s :ite1 "o in* across2 borne 9 d5se clu/]s1 usually 9 ?rees2 p$icels "o-half in* long1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube ) a t+e ( r$1 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes ) a trace ( r$1 long1 ( m$ium wid?1 acute1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals oval to slightly obovate1 entire1 ne>ly sessile2 apex entire2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 ne>ly "o in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi% to slightly oblate1 some:at compress$2 cavity abrupt1 regul>2 suture a l9e2 apex r\ndi%1 ) a small depression at ! c5t]2 color bright r$2 dots russet1 obscure2 /em ?icki%1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es long1 adh]+ well to ! fruit2 sk9 t\gh1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% light r$1 ) abundant light r$ or w9e-color$ juice1 t5d] & melt+1 sprightly1 a/r+5t1 t>t2 ( fairly good quality2 /one free1 small1 r\ndi%1 slightly flatt5$1 some:at po9t$ at ! apex1 ) smoo? surfaces2 some:at ridg$ along ! v5tral suture4 ,,o/heim ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,*ri/ ,ob/bume #aei4 #agia4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fgf4 #agig4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #eab-eag4 #ahai4 #d4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ade4 #ahcb #e4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fj4 #aheh4 #f4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ahg fig41 #ahh4 #ahfj4 #g4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bie1 #bif fig4 #ahgg4 #h4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cga4 #ahhi4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #be4 #ahii4 #aj4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aba1 #abb4 #aijj4 #aa4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3gh fig4 #ah1 #gi4 #aijc4 #ab4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3ad1 #ba1 #bb4 #aiaj4 ,o/heim f9ds consid]able favor 9 ! prairie /ates ( ! ,middle ,we/ b is all b wor?less z gr[n 9 ,new ,york & o!r ea/]n /ates4 ,x is "o ( ! ,morellos & falls f> %ort ( ! be/ ( its gr\p1 ! *]ries be+ too small & ( b m$iocre quality4 ,! trees are typical ,morellos1 r\nd-head$1 ) sl5d]1 droop+ bran*es & bran*lets & v d>k gre5 foliage4 ,! fruit is borne t[>d ! ends ( %ort bran*es :i* are n well di/ribut$ ov] ! ma9 bran*es1 leav+ mu* b>e wood4 ,l all ,morellos ! fruit hangs long aft] maturity & s9ce ! rip5+ season is late ! v>iety may be wor? gr[+ because ( its lat5ess2 z x may1 also1 9 cold climates because ( great h>d9ess4 ,! trees on _! own roots ?r[ up _m suck]s :i* are (t5 us$ 9 propagation4 ,! v>iety has ! reputation1 too1 ( com+ true to "n f se$s4 ,o/heim is a native ( ,spa9 & n ( ,g]many z _m h suppos$4 ,! trees 7 f\nd 9 ! region ( ! ,si]ra ,mor5a ,m\nta9s1 ,spa91 & 7 tak5 to ,g]many by a ,dr4 ,kl+hamm] aft] ! ,w>s ( ! ,succession1 #agja-agac4 ,! *]ry took ! "n ,o/heim f ! ,g]man t[n ( t "n :]e x 0 widely gr[n4 ,! v>iety1 be+ easily propagat$1 spread ?r\gh\t ,g]many & soon became "o ( ! be/-kn[n *]ries4 ,lat]1 ! "n seems to h come to be a class t]m = all *]ries simil> to ! orig9al ,o/heim4 ,! names ,o/heim1 ,o/heim]1 ,griotte ,o/heim & ,o/heim] ,wei*sel are us$ int]*angeably by =eign writ]s = ?is v>iety4 ,am]ican writ]s1 h[ev]1 h giv5 ^! names to two v simil> b di/9ct v>ieties4 ,o/heim 0 br\ght to ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,william ,rob]t ,pr9ce ( ! ,l9nean ,botanical ,g>d5s e>ly 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,x has prov$ v satisfactory 9 "s sections ( ! ,we/ & ,canada1 :ile 9 ! ,ea/ x is b a m$iocre v>iety at be/4 ,at diff]5t times ei!r buds or trees ( s-call$ ,o/heims h be5 import$ to ?is c\ntry :i* h turn$ out n to be ! true v>iety4 ,:at ^! sorts really are w rema9 unc]ta9 until ! sev]al =ms c be br\ght toge!r & comp>$4 ,pr(essor ,budd import$ a v>iety 9 #ahhc1 :i* s9ce has become kn[n z ,o/heim1 c>ry+ ,griotte d',o/heim z a synonym4 ,:e!r or n ?is is ! old v>iety or a di/9ct /ra9 ( ! ,o/heim class we are unable to say4 ,! ,c]ise d',o/heim receiv$ by ?is ,/ation has prov$ id5tical ) ?is v>iety4 ,o/heim 0 fir/ li/$ by ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahii4 ,a *]ry kn[n z ,m9nesota ,o/heim1 introduc$ into ,m9nesota f ,g]many1 is n[ recogniz$ z a di/9ct sort4 ,! v>iety z x is kn[n 9 ,kansas & ,miss\ri is (t5 call$ ! ,g]man ,o/heim] ?\gh "s believe ?is to be diff]5t f ! true sort4 ,illu/ration3 ,,o/heim ,tree bel[ m$ium 9 size1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 ) droop+ bran*lets1 d5se1 v productive2 trunk smoo?2 bran*es r sl5d]1 smoo?1 d>k a%-gray p>tly ov]spread+ r$di%-br[n1 ) small1 rais$ l5ticels2 bran*lets sl5d]1 will[y1 long1 br[n p>tly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 glabr\s1 ) small1 inconspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves v num]\s1 ?ree & "o-f\r? in*es long1 "o & "o-half in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate to oval2 upp] surface v d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 ) a few scatt]+ hairs2 apex tap]-po9t$1 base v>iable 9 %ape2 m>g9 f9ely s]rate1 ) small1 d>k gl&s2 petiole sl5d]1 "o-half in* long1 %ort1 t+$ ) dull r$1 groov$1 ) a few scatt]+ hairs1 ) f "o to ?ree small1 globose1 gre5i%-yell[ gl&s at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds small1 %ort1 usually obtuse1 plump1 free1 arrang$ z lat]al buds & 9 small clu/]s on %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom m$ium2 fl[]s "o in* across1 :ite2 borne 9 scatt]+ clu/]s1 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels five-eigh?s ( an in* long1 r sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube gre5 ) a fa9t t+e ( r$1 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes ) a trace ( r$1 r long1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals obovate1 entire1 ne>ly sessile1 apex entire2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 ne>ly equal 9 l5g? to ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures v late2 ne>ly ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi% to slightly oblate1 compress$2 cavity v %all[ & n>r[1 fl>+2 suture indi/9ct2 apex r\ndi% ) a small depression at ! c5t]2 color v d>k r$ approa*+ black2 dots num]\s1 small1 d>k russet1 inconspicu\s2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es long1 b slightly adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 sep>at+ readily f ! pulp2 fle% d>k r$1 ) mu* v d>k color$ juice1 t5d] & melt+1 sprightly1 t>t1 los+ its a/r+5cy :5 fully ripe2 ( fair quality2 /one free1 ne>ly "o-half in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%-oblate1 some:at po9t$1 ) smoo? surfaces slightly /a9$ ) r$4 ,,ox ,,he>t ,prunus avium #a4 ,mill] ,g>d4 ,kal4 #aed1 #agcd4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffc4 #agig4 #c4 ,brook%aw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #a3cf1 ,pl4 #ah fig4 #b4 #ahag4 #d4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #bdi4 #ahag4 #e4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #acb-ace4 #ahai4 #f4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agf4 #ahde4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bdd4 #aheh4 #h4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3eg1 #eh1 fig4 #bi4 #ahhb4 #i4 ,ob]dieck ,ob/-,sort4 #cfe1 #cff4 #ahhb4 #aj4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cci1 #cga4 #ahhi4 ,big>reau ,gros ,commun4 #aa4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bjc4 #ahdc4 ,ox ,he>t is v commonly us$ z a class "n = ! l>ge1 meaty v>ieties ( *]ries :i* are cordate 9 %ape4 ,9 ,am]ica ! "n is mo/ (t5 giv5 to ! light-fle%$ *]ries1 su* z ,yell[ ,spani%1 ,napoleon or ,:ite ,big>reau4 ,at "o "t1 h[ev]1 ! "n 0 appli$ to a di/9ct v>iety kn[n ?r\gh\t ,engl&1 ,g]many & ,am]ica1 be+ fir/ m5tion$ by ,mill]1 an ,engli%man1 9 #agcd4 ,coxe1 9 #ahag1 0 ! fir/ ,am]ican writ] to li/ ! v>iety b x nev] became popul> 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,ox ,he>t appe>$ among ! fruits reject$ by ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #aheh & f !n on x gradually gave way to bett] v>ieties4 ,! synonyms ( ! true ,ox ,he>t are badly confus$ n only ) o!r d>k-fle%$ v>ieties b ) ^? ( ! ,yell[ ,spani% type4 ,z "s ( ^! v>ieties are m]ely li/$ :ile o!rs h b a meag] description1 x is impossible to sep>ate or gr\p !m ) any degree ( c]ta9ty4 ,9 ! #aiji catalog ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society !re appe>s an ,ox ,he>t ( ,am]ican orig9 & ( rec5t introduction1 kn[n 9 ! ,we/ z ,major ,francis4 ,!re are also 9 sev]al nurs]y catalogs a :ite-fle%$ ,ox ,he>t4 ,:at ?is v>iety is we are unable to say4 ,! foll[+ is a description ( ,ox ,he>t compil$ f ,european fruit books3 ,tree m$ium 9 vigor1 r\nd-topp$1 sph]ical1 productive2 bran*es some:at curv$2 int]nodes ( m$ium l5g?2 leaves obovate1 obtusely po9t$1 m>g9 f9ely s]rate2 petiole %ort1 r sl5d]1 flexible1 t+$ r$1 ) two r5i=m gl&s2 fl[]s small2 petals irregul>ly elliptical4 ,fruit matures ! la/ ( ,june or e>ly 9 ,july2 m$ium to l>ge1 cordate1 po9t$1 sides unev5ly compress$2 color lively r$ *ang+ to int5se purple or ne>ly black2 /em ( m$ium l5g? & ?ickness1 usually t+$ r$1 ins]t$ 9 a broad1 deep cavity2 sk9 t\gh2 fle% d>k r$1 ) abundant color$ juice1 half-t5d] b firm] ?an mo/ ,he>ts1 sweet ?\gh slightly bitt] be=e complete maturity2 quality good2 /one m$ium 9 size1 broadly cordate1 adh]+ to ! fle% along ! v5tral suture4 ,,re9e ,,hort5se ,prunus avium ,x ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,g54 ,f>m] #aa3aia fig4 #ahej4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ee4 #ahef4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #baa4 #ahef4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ed4 #aheh4 #d4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #afg fig41 #afh4 #ahfj4 #e4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ag1 #bjd4 #ahgf4 #f4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cgi-chb1 fig4 #ahgg4 ,d',aremb]g4 #g4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #de4 #ahca4 #h4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bae4 #ahce4 ,hort5se4 #i4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aif1 #aig fig4 #ahed4 #aj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,7 !re n s _m good ,duke v>ieties ( its season ,re9e ,hort5se w\ld take high rank among hybrid *]ries4 ,sev]al qualities fit x admirably = home & some:at = comm]cial plantations4 ,to beg9 )1 x is mo/ excell5t 9 quality1 its flavor be+ a comm+l+ ( ! refre%+ acidity ( ! ,s\r ,*]ry & ! ri*ness ( ! ,sweet ,*]ry1 ?\gh to "s !re may be a little too mu* acidity = a fir/-class dess]t fruit4 ,! *]ries are also h&some--l>ge1 r\nd1 bright1 glossy r$ ) a %ade ( amb] & v uni=m 9 size1 color & %ape4 ,! fruit is especially attractive on ! tree z x hangs on long /ems 9 twos & ?rees ?ickly scatt]$ & nev] mu* clu/]$4 ,un=tunately ! fruit does n /& h&l+ 9 h>ve/+ & m>ket+ q z well z t ( "s o!r ,dukes & is a little too susceptible to br[n-rot = a good comm]cial *]ry4 ,! *ief faults ( ! v>iety1 h[ev]1 are 9 ! trees r ?an 9 ! fruit4 ,! trees are b ( m$ium size1 are n z productive z "s o!rs ( ! hybrid sorts1 are at _! be/ only 9 *oice *]ry soils & dem& good c>e4 ,9 ,europe1 ,re9e ,hort5se is mu* us$ z a dw>f & = tra9+ on walls4 ,x w\ld seem t its m]its & faults1 z x gr[s 9 ,am]ica1 are su* z fit x preem95tly well only = ! amateur4 ,( ! sev]al acc\nts ( ! orig9 ( ,re9e ,hort5se ! "o giv+ ,france z its home & ,l>ose z its orig9ator is "h accept$ z au!ntic4 ,m4 ,l>ose ( ,neuilly-sur-,se9e1 ,se9e1 a g>d5] ( ! imp]ial c\rt1 grew ! orig9al tree e>ly 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury f a se$ ( ! ,c]ise ,l>ose1 a se$l+ ( 8 introduction4 ,soon aft] ! fir/ m5tion ( ?is v>iety1 ab\t #ahda1 !re appe>$ ! ,l\is ,,xviii1 ,more/91 ,guigne de ,petit-,brie & sev]al o!rs4 ,! v>iety 0 seem+ly re*ri/5$ by e nurs]yman :o got hold ( x4 ,at "o "t ! "n ,mon/reuse de ,bavay 0 acceptable to _m1 x hav+ be5 giv5 to ! v>iety by a ,mr4 ,bavay ( ,vilvorde1 ,brabant1 ,belgium1 ab\t #ahbf4 ,! !ory t ,re9e ,hort5se comes true to se$ & !re=e has sev]al /ra9s has be5 discr$it$4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society recogniz$ ,re9e ,hort5se 9 #ahef1 only a few ye>s aft] be+ introduc$ into ?is c\ntry1 by plac+ x on ! recomm5d$ fruit li/4 ,9 #aiji1 ! ,society %ort5$ ! "n f ,re9e ,hort5se to ,hort5se b 9 ?is text we pref] to use ! full "n1 !reby indicat+ cle>ly ! p]son = :om ! *]ry 0 *ri/5$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,re9e ,,hort5se ,tree ( m$ium size1 upright-spread+1 productive2 trunk %aggy2 bran*es smoo?1 d>k r$di%-br[n cov]$ ) a%-gray1 ) a few l>ge l5ticels2 bran*lets r sl5d]1 ) %ort int]nodes1 br[n p>tly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 ) inconspicu\s1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 f\r & "o-half in*es long1 two & "o-half in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 oval to obovate1 ?92 upp] surface d>k gre51 rugose2 l[] surface light gre51 pubesc5t along ! midrib2 apex tap]-po9t$1 base abrupt2 m>g9 co>sely s]rate1 ) d>k gl&s2 petiole "o in* long1 t+$ ) r$1 pubesc5t along ! groov$ upp] surface1 ) none or ) f "o to f\r small1 globose1 gre5i%-yell[ or br[ni% gl&s1 usually at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds l>ge1 long-po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & 9 small clu/]s on few long spurs2 blooms appe>+ 9 mid-season2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 d5se clu/]s usually 9 ?rees2 p$icels "o in* long1 sl5d]1 glabr\s2 calyx-tube ) a t+e ( r$1 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes long1 acum9ate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%1 entire1 sessile1 ) entire apex2 filam5ts "o-f\r? ( an in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 ne>ly "o in* 9 diamet]1 oblong-conic to obtuse-conic1 compress$2 cavity some:at %all[1 n>r[1 abrupt1 (t5 lipp$2 suture indi/9ct2 apex r\ndi% ) a small depression at ! c5t]2 color amb]-r$2 dots num]\s1 light russet1 conspicu\s2 /em tortu\s1 sl5d]1 "o & "o-half in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 t5d]1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% pale yell[1 ) colorless juice1 t5d] & melt+1 sprightly subacid2 ( v good quality2 /one free1 r l>ge1 oblong to oval1 flatt5$1 blunt1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,,republican ,prunus avium #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,black ,republican4 #b4 ,cult4 ,c\nt4 ,g5t4 #ce3ecd4 #ahgj4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bj4 #ahge4 #d4 ,am4 ,g>d4 #i3ceg fig4 #ahhh4 #e4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bhi4 #ahhi4 #f4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3bc1 #be4 #aiaj4 ,lewell+4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #abg4 #ahge4 #h4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 #ag3ccf4 #ahge4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 #aj4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3bh1 #bi1 fig4 #g4 #aiaj4 ,= "s reason ,republican does n make headway 9 ! favor ( *]ry-gr[]s ?\gh all :o h describ$ x speak well ( x4 ,judg$ by ! palate1 ,republican is "o ( ! be/ ( ! ,big>reaus4 ,! *]ries are ri* & sweet 9 flavor1 firm ( fle% & ) an abundance ( refre%+ juice4 ,judg$ by ! eye1 too1 x holds its own ) ! be/ ( its class1 ! fruit hav+ a pleas+ rotundness ( %ape & a beautiful d>k r$1 almo/ black1 glossy color4 ,9 size ! v>iety v (t5 falls %ort2 =1 ?\gh (t5 giv5 z "o ( ! l>ge/1 x turns out to be1 9 _m or*>ds1 b ( m$ium size & sometimes is small4 ,"h seems to be its fatal defect4 ,x is exce$+ly caprici\s z to soils1 fail+ :olly or 9 "p 9 all b ! v *oice/ *]ry environm5ts4 ,! trees are l>ge1 spread+ & vigor\s b on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation are m susceptible to ! %ot-hole fungus ?an any o!r ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,x has be5 report$ to be v subject to ?is disease at ! ,wa%+ton ,/ation also4 ,! failure ( ?is *]ry to meet ! dem&s ( comm]cial *]ry-gr[]s dur+ a probation>y p]iod ( ne>ly a half a c5tury means t x is1 at mo/1 ( b local value4 ,?is v>iety1 kn[n "u two o!r names1 ,black ,republican & ,lewell+1 orig9at$ ab\t ! middle ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury 9 ! or*>d ( ,se? ,lewell+1 ,milwaukee1 ,oregon4 ,9 travel+ across ! cont95t 9 #ahdi1 ,mr4 ,lewell+ took ) him to ,oregon1 ,big>reau1 ,morello & ,mahaleb *]ries & f se$s ( "o ( ! ,big>reaus sprang sev]al se$l+s1 among !m "o :i* 0 nam$ ,black ,republican4 ,! p>5tage ( ! sort is n kn[n ?\gh x 0 ?\ght to be a cross betwe5 ,napoleon & ,black ,t>t>ian1 hav+ sprung up ne> ^! two trees4 ,"s *]ry-gr[]s & nurs]ym5 describe a *]ry :i* !y call ,lewell+ b 9 e case ! descriptions agree v closely ) ,republican4 ,_m li/ ! two names sep>ately z designat+ two di/9ct v>ieties ( div]se orig94 ,( ^!1 "s h suppos$ ,republican to be a se$l+ ( ,eagle orig9at+ 9 #ahfj4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society = _m ye>s li/$ ,black ,republican alone beg9n+ 9 its catalog ( #ahge b 9 #aiji ! catalog conta9$ ! two names1 ,republican & ,lewell+4 ,inasmu* z ! cons5sus ( op9ion is t bo? names apply to a s+le *]ry ?is ,/ation has decid$ to li/ ,republican only4 ,illu/ration3 ,,republican ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 op5-topp$1 v productive2 trunk ?ick1 some:at %aggy2 bran*es /\t1 r\gh5$1 br[n cov]$ ) a%-gray1 ) l>ge1 rais$ l5ticels2 bran*lets /\t1 ) long int]nodes1 br[n ne>ly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 smoo? except ne> ! base1 ) a few small1 rais$1 inconspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 five in*es long1 two & five-eigh?s in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate to oval1 ?92 upp] surface d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface slightly hairy2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 m>g9 co>sely & d\bly s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole "o & "o-f\r? in*es long1 ?ick1 t+$ ) dull r$1 ) two or ?ree l>ge1 r5i=m1 light gre5 or r$di% gl&s on ! /alk4 ,buds po9t$ or obtuse1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly on ! bran*lets1 or 9 small clu/]s on spurs ( m$ium l5g?2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-half in*es across2 borne 9 scatt]+ clu/]s 9 ones & twos2 p$icels v>iable 9 l5g?1 av]ag+ "o in* long1 *>act]i/ically ?ick1 glabr\s2 calyx-tube t+$ ) r$1 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes v>iable 9 wid?1 t+$ ) r$1 long-obovate to acute1 f9ely s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals obovate1 entire1 ) %ort1 blunt claws1 ) %all[1 not*$ apex2 filam5ts five-sixte5?s ( an in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?1 (t5 defective4 ,fruit matures late2 ab\t "o in* 9 diamet]1 wide1 v>iable 9 %ape1 cordate or r\ndi%-cordate1 compress$1 ) angul> & unev5 surfaces2 cavity deep1 wide1 fl>+2 suture a %all[ groove1 (t5 ext5d+ ar\nd ! fruit2 apex ) a small depression at ! c5t]2 color purpli%-black2 dots num]\s1 small1 d>k russet1 inconspicu\s2 /em ?ick1 "o & "o-eigh? in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?92 fle% purpli%-r$1 ) d>k color$ juice1 t5d]1 meaty1 crisp1 mild1 sweet or ) slight a/r+5cy be=e fully mature2 ( good quality2 /one semi-free1 small1 ovate1 flatt5$1 r blunt1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,,rockport ,prunus avium #a4 ,horticulturi/ #b3ei fig41 #fj4 #ahdg-dh4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bja1 #bjb fig4 #ahed4 #c4 ,hoop] ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #bgj1 #bga4 #aheg4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #e4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aca4 #ahff4 #f4 ,ob]dieck ,ob/-,sort4 #cgb4 #ahha4 ,rockport is ( v d\btful comm]cial value & has too _m faults to be includ$ ) ! be/ sweet sorts = a home or*>d4 ,x is m easily *>act]iz$ by its faults ?an its m]its4 ,comp>$ ) ! well-kn[n ,yell[ ,spani%1 ( :i* x is a se$l+ & to :i* x is simil>1 ! *]ries are small] & ! pits are l>g] ?an ^? ( ! p>5t v>iety1--q too l>ge = ! am\nt ( pulp4 ,wor/ ( ! faults ( ! v>iety is1 h[ev]1 t ! *]ries are n suffici5tly firm ( fle% to )/& h>ve/+1 %ipp+ & ! attacks ( ! br[n-rot fungus4 ,to (fset ! defects ( ! fruit ! fle% is ri*1 sweet & t5d]1 mak+ x1 all 9 all1 z good z any o!r ,sweet ,*]ry = dess]t4 ,! trees1 too1 are v satisfactory1 be+ l>ge1 vigor\s & v fruitful1 ?\gh ) ! reputation ( requir+ good soil & ! be/ ( c>e1 ( lack+ a little 9 h>d9ess to cold1 & ( hav+ ! p]iod ( matur+ ! crop m or less *ang$ by soil & culture4 ,rockport has be51 & is1 m or less popul> 9 ,new ,york b x c be recomm5d$ only = a home or*>d4 ,rockport is ano!r ( ,pr(essor ,kirtl&'s introductions1 hav+ be5 rais$ by him at ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 ab\t #ahdb1 f a se$ ( ,yell[ ,spani%4 ,x soon won a place1 9 #ahfb1 on ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society :]e x /ill rema9s4 ,x is m5tion$ by sev]al =eign au?ors & _m ,am]ican nurs]ym5 (f] x = sale4 ,sw$i% is giv5 z a synonym ( ,rockport by ,hoop]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rockport ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright1 v productive2 trunk some:at sl5d]1 r\ghi%2 bran*es smoo?1 r$di%-br[n1 ) num]\s small l5ticels2 bran*lets /\t1 v>iable 9 l5g?1 ) long int]nodes1 br[n almo/ entirely ov]spread ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 ) conspicu\s1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 ?ree & "o-half in*es long1 "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 long-oval to obovate2 upp] surface d>k gre51 some:at rugose2 l[] surface dull1 light gre51 pubesc5t along ! ve9s2 apex acute to tap]-po9t$1 base abrupt2 m>g9 co>sely s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole two in*es long1 t+$ ) r$1 ) a few hairs on ! upp] surface1 gl&less or ) f "o to f\r l>ge1 r5i=m1 r$di% gl&s v>iable 9 position4 ,buds l>ge1 long1 po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly & 9 clu/]s f lat]al buds & %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 clu/]s usually 9 twos2 p$icels "o in* long1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube gre51 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes acute1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%1 entire1 d5tate at ! apex1 ne>ly sessile2 filam5ts ne>ly "o-half in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s1 (t5 defective4 ,fruit matures e>ly2 "o in* 9 diamet]1 cordate to conical1 compress$2 cavity %all[1 wide1 fl>+1 regul>2 suture a di/9ct l9e2 apex r\ndi%1 ) a small depression at ! c5t]2 color bright r$ ov] an amb]-yell[ backgr\nd1 mottl$2 dots v num]\s1 small1 light yell[i%1 some:at conspicu\s2 /em "o & "o-half in*es long1 adh]+ well to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t5d]2 fle% pale yell[i%-:ite1 ) colorless juice1 t5d]1 some:at melt+1 aromatic1 mild1 sweet2 good to v good 9 quality2 /one free1 ovate1 plump1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,,royal ,,duke ,prunus avium ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bjd1 #bje4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aib4 #ahde4 #c4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cfi4 #ahdi4 #d4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,g>d4 #b3edc4 #ahee4 #e4 ,?ompson ,g>d4 ,ass't #ecj4 #ahei4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ab4 #ahga4 #g4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3abe1 #abf1 fig4 #fc4 #ahhb4 #h4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #caa4 #ahhd4 ,royale d',anglet]re4 #i4 ,*ri/ ,ob/bume #aei4 #agia4 ,c]ise ,royale4 #aj4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhd4 #ahjb4 #aa4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #dj fig4 #aijf4 ,knigskirs*e4 #ab4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dbb1 #dbc1 #dbd4 #ahai4 ,ung>is*e ,ssswei*sel4 #ac4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ea4 #aheh4 ,anglaise ,htive44 #ad4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3afa-afc1 fig4 #db4 #ahff4 #ae4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3hc1 #hd1 fig4 #dj4 #ahff-gc4 #af4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #bd1 ,pl4 #bd4 #ahga4 #ag4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag1 #ahj4 #ahie4 ,belle de ,wors]y4 #ah4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aha4 #ahff4 #ai4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ci1 #dj1 fig4 #bj4 #ahhb4 ,royal ,duke has a place 9 ! *]ry flora to foll[ 9 season ! well-kn[n ,may ,duke & to prec$e ano!r /&>d sort1 ,late ,duke4 ,x is s ne>ly l ^! two sorts1 except 9 season1 & s simil> to ,ar* ,duke1 z well1 t !re is mu* difficulty 9 gett+ ! v>iety true to "n4 ,x is m (t5 tak5 = ,may ,duke ?an = ! o!r k9ds nam$ b x diff]s f ?is well-kn[n sort 9 be+ a little lat] 9 season1 & ! *]ries are l>g]1 a little light] 9 color1 d n hang z ?ickly1 be+ scatt]$ along ! bran*es1 (t5 s+ly1 & are m oblate4 ,! trees are m>k$ly upright & ! foliage is v d5se4 ,none ( ! ,dukes are popul> 9 ,am]ica = m>ket fruits & ?is is no exception ?\gh1 among all1 ,royal ,duke is z good z any--pleasantly flavor$1 juicy1 refre%+ & v good4 ,! trees1 too1 are v satisfactory4 ,! v>iety has a place 9 home or*>ds & = local m>kets4 ,! ,fr5* say t ! tree makes a v weak gr[? budd$ on ! ,mahaleb & t x %\ld be work$ on ! ,mazz>d1 :i* is g5]ally true ( all ,dukes4 ,! buy] w h difficulty 9 gett+ ! true ,royal ,duke 9 ,am]ica4 ,! orig9 ( ?is v>iety is unkn[n b ! ,royale d',anglet]re1 m5tion$ by ,*ri/ 9 #agia1 0 probably ! v>iety n[ kn[n z ,royal ,duke1 al?\gh ! description is too meag] to be c]ta94 ,accord+ to ,?ompson1 ,royal ,duke 0 "o ( ! v>ieties =m]ly cultivat$ 9 ,engl& "u ! names ,late ,duke1 ,ar* ,duke1 or ,late ,ar* ,duke & 0 probably introduc$ by ! ,london ,horticultural ,society f ,france "u ! "n ( ,anglaise ,t>dive4 ,:5 or by :om ?is v>iety 0 introduc$ into ,am]ica is n kn[n b accord+ to ,d[n+ x 0 v r>ely f\nd "h 9 ! fir/ half ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society plac$ ,royal ,duke ^u its catalog li/ ( recomm5d$ fruits 9 #ahga4 ,illu/ration3 ,,royal ,,duke ,tree ( m$ium size1 vigor\s1 upright1 vasi=m1 unproductive at ?is ,/ation2 trunk sl5d]1 r\ghi%2 bran*es /ocky1 ) r\gh5$ surface1 d>k r$di%-br[n cov]$ ) a%-gray1 ) l5ticels ( m$ium numb] & size2 bran*lets /\t1 long1 br[n p>tly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 smoo? except = ! l5ticels :i* are inconspicu\s4 ,leaves num]\s1 v>iable 9 size1 av]ag+ f\r & "o-half in*es long1 two in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 oval to obovate2 upp] surface d>k gre51 slightly rugose2 l[] surface m$ium gre51 pubesc5t along ! midrib2 apex abruptly po9t$1 base acute2 m>g9 s]rate or cr5ate2 petiole v>iable 9 l5g?1 (t5 "o & "o-half in*es long1 n uni=m 9 ?ickness1 t+$ ) r$1 gl&less or ) "o or two small1 r5i=m1 gre5i%-yell[ or r$di% gl&s1 usually at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds r small1 po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & 9 v d5se clu/]s on num]\s %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s obscure2 "t ( bloom mid-season2 fl[]s :ite1 "o in* across2 borne 9 v d5se clu/]s1 closely gr\p$ 9 f\rs & fives2 p$icels ov] "o-half in* long1 glabr\s1 gre52 calyx-tube gre5 or ) a t+e ( r$1 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes ) a trace ( r$1 acute1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%1 entire1 sessile1 apex entire2 filam5ts ne>ly "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 long] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures e>ly2 ?ree-f\r?s in* 9 diamet]1 oblate1 compress$2 cavity r n>r[1 abrupt1 regul>2 suture a m]e l9e2 apex flatt5$ or depress$2 color bright r$ becom+ d>k] at maturity2 dots few1 small1 obscure2 /em "o & "o-half in*es long1 adh]+ to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 r t\gh1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% pale yell[i%-:ite ) t+e ( r$1 p9ki% juice1 t5d]1 sprightly1 pleasantly acid2 good to v good 9 quality2 /one semi-free1 small1 ovate1 slightly flatt5$1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,,s*midt ,prunus avium #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ch4 #aheh4 #b4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #cg fig41 #ch4 #ahfg4 #c4 ,j\r4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #bc3afi fig4 #ahgb4 #d4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #aba1 fig4 #b4 #ahgd4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ag4 #ahig4 #f4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bij4 #aijc4 ,smi?4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,s*midt1 %ort5$ 9 accordance ) ! rules ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society f ,s*midt's ,big>reau1 is n new nor c x be said to be little kn[n1 s9ce x has be5 r widely plant$ 9 ,am]ica = a score ( ye>s4 ,yet 9 ,new ,york1 at lea/1 x is n receiv+ ! att5tion t x des]ves f comm]cial *]ry-gr[]s1 be+ relegat$ to ! re> ( t5 or a doz5 k9ds :5 x %\ld be 9 ! front rank4 ,inde$1 ab\t ,g5eva1 :]e _m ,sweet ,*]ries are gr[n1 :ile n ! lead+ m>ket v>iety1 x is "o ( ! be/4 ,! *>act]s :i* entitle x to a high place z a money-mak] are3 l>ge size1 be+ unsurpass$ 9 ?is respect by any o!r black *]ry 9 ?is region2 its r\nd1 plump =m & glossy1 black color :i* tempt ! eye2 crisp1 firm1 juicy fle% & sweet1 ri* flavor1 delici\s to ! ta/e2 d>k ruby-r$ color "u ! sk9 :i* makes x z pleas+ inw>dly z outw>dly2 fre$om f br[n-rot1 9 ?is respect excell+ any o!r m>ket sort2 & a vigor\s1 heal?y1 productive tree4 ,! tree is fur!r *>act]iz$ by its abundant1 l>ge leaves ( d>k1 luxuriant gre54 ,! fruit is (t5 pick$ be=e x is ripe1 at :i* "t x is d>k r$ & n black4 ,!re is a good deal ( en?usiasm 9 ,new ,york ov] sev]al new ,sweet ,*]ries f ! ,pacific ,coa/ b 9 ?is vic9ity none ( ^! is equal to ,s*midt4 ,s*midt is a se$l+ ( ,fe/fleis*ige ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e & 0 rais$ by ,h]r ,s*midt1 ,=e/] at ,casek[1 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 ab\t #ahda4 ,x 0 introduc$ into ,engl& by ,?omas ,riv]s ( ,sawbridgewor? & ev5tually f\nd its way to ,am]ica b h[ & :5 is n kn[n4 ,s*midt appe>$ on ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahig b only = two ye>s :5 = "s reason x 0 dropp$4 ,9 #aiji1 a ,smi? 0 li/$1 ) ,smi?'s ,big>reau z a synonym4 ,budd-,hans5 9 ! publication ( #aijc also m5tion$ a ,smi? :i* is probably ,s*midt4 ,we are incl9$ to hold to ! ,g]man spell+1 ,s*midt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s*midt ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 op5-topp$1 productive2 trunk & bran*es /ocky1 smoo?2 bran*es dull r$di%-br[n cov]$ ) a%-gray1 ) num]\s l5ticels2 bran*lets ?ick1 %ort1 smoo?1 ) r conspicu\s1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 six in*es long1 ?ree in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate2 upp] surface light gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 pubesc5t along ! midrib & l>g] ve9s2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 m>g9 s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole "o & "o-half in*es long1 ?ick1 dull r$1 ) a n>r[1 deep groove along ! upp] surface1 gl&less or ) "o or two l>ge1 r5i=m1 r$di% gl&s on ! /alk4 ,buds l>ge1 long1 obtuse to conical1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & 9 num]\s small clu/]s2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 "t ( bloom+ mid-season2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-half in*es across2 borne 9 scatt]+ clu/]s 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels "o in* long1 ?ick1 glabr\s2 calyx-tube gre5 or ) a t+e ( r$1 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes long1 broad1 acute1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals oval1 cr5ate1 ) %ort1 n>r[ claws2 filam5ts ?ree-eigh?s in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 "o in* 9 diamet]1 cordate1 compress$1 (t5 slightly oblique2 cavity deep1 wide1 fl>+2 suture indi/9ct2 apex bluntly po9t$2 color purpli%-black2 dots num]\s1 small1 d>k russet1 obscure2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-half in*es long1 /rongly adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 t\gh1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% purpli%-r$1 ) d>k color$ juice1 v meaty1 crisp1 firm1 mild1 sweet2 ( good quality2 /one semi-cl++1 ovate1 slightly oblique1 ) smoo? surfaces2 v5tral suture prom95t4 ,,%ort-,,/em ,,montmor5cy ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,*ri/4 ,h&b4 #fgi4 #agig4 #b4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ada1 #adb4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cfe1 #cff fig41 #cfg4 #ahgg4 ,gobet ,c\rte ,queue4 #d4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3ahj1 #aha1 ,pl4 ,,viii4 #agfh4 #e4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3g1 ,tab4 #ah fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,gros ,gobet4 #f4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fcd-fch4 #ahai4 #g4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ga1 #gb4 #aheh4 #h4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3bjd1 #cjh4 #ahff4 #i4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3ea1 #eb1 fig4 #bd4 #ahff-gc4 #aj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bii1 #cjj4 #ahhd4 #aa4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ceh4 #ahhi4 #ab4 ,guide ,prat4 #i1 #aij4 #ahie4 ,flemi%4 #ac4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aie fig4 #he1 #aif4 #ahde4 ,c]ise ,c\rte ,queue4 #ad4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #ae1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 ,c]ise ,gros ,fruit4 #ae4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #aa1 ,pl4 #aa4 #ahga4 ,9 trac+ ! hi/ory ( ! ,montmor5cy *]ries f ,duhamel's "t to ! pres5t we h be5 l$ to conclude t ?ree di/9ct types are n[ be+ cultivat$4 ,( ^! closely relat$ /ra9s1 all ( :i* probably orig9at$ ab\t ! same "t 9 ,montmor5cy ,valley1 ,france1 ,montmor5cy is by f> ! mo/ important & ! "o n[ gr[n comm]cially 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,l>ge ,montmor5cy1 :ile q simil> to ,montmor5cy1 is mu* less gr[n because ( its unproductiv5ess1 al?\gh 9 quality x is q equal or p]haps sup]ior to ,montmor5cy4 ,%ort-,/em ,montmor5cy1 "u discussion "h1 v>ies consid]ably bo? 9 tree & fruit f ei!r ( ! o!r two1 al?\gh x is frequ5tly tak5 = ,l>ge ,montmor5cy4 ,! tree is small] & m droop+ b usually v productive4 ,! fruit1 simil> 9 size to ,l>ge ,montmor5cy1 diff]s f x by be+ m oblate & irregul>1 & 9 hav+ a v deep1 wide suture :i* becomes an indi/9ct l9e t[>ds ! apex4 ,! sk9 seldom becomes z d>k r$ ev5 at p]fect maturity4 ,! flavor is m sprightly b its quality is n z high4 ,all ?ree v>ieties h long li/s ( synonyms1 _m ( :i* h be5 us$ = ea* ( ! ?ree sorts4 ,_m writ]s believe t only two di/9ct /ra9s ( ,montmor5cy exi/ & t ,%ort-,/em ,montmor5cy is id5tical ) ,l>ge ,montmor5cy4 ,! v>iety is little gr[n 9 ,nor? ,am]ica & is n z wor?y = any purpose z ei!r ( ! o!r two bett]-kn[n sorts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%ort-,,/em ,,montmor5cy ,tree upright-spread+1 r\nd-topp$1 productive2 trunk %aggy2 bran*es r\ghi%1 r$di%-br[n cov]$ ) a%-gray1 ) num]\s l5ticels2 bran*lets sl5d]1 long1 br[n p>tly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 ) conspicu\s1 num]\s1 small1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 v>iable 9 size1 av]ag+ f\r in*es long1 "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es wide1 long-oval to obovate1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface m$ium gre51 ) a prom95t midrib2 apex tap]-po9t$1 base acute2 m>g9 d\bly cr5ate1 gl&ul>2 petiole "o in* long1 t+$ ) dull r$1 v>iable 9 ?ickness1 lightly pubesc5t1 gl&less or ) f "o to ?ree l>ge1 rais$1 r5i=m gl&s on ! /alk4 ,buds small1 %ort1 v>iable 9 %ape1 free1 arrang$ z lat]al buds & on few1 if any1 spurs2 leaf-sc>s obscure2 season ( bloom late2 fl[]s :ite1 "o in* across2 borne 9 a few scatt]+ clu/]s1 v>iable 9 numb] ( fl[]s p] clu/]2 p$icels "o-half in* long1 ?ick1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube gre5 or ) a t+e ( r$1 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes ) a trace ( r$1 obtuse1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%-oval1 cr5ate1 sessile1 ) a di/9ctly not*$ apex2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?1 (t5 defective4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 ov] ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 decid$ly oblate1 irregul> 9 outl9e1 slightly compress$2 cavity deep1 wide1 irregul>1 fl>+2 suture v deep ne> ! /em b %all[ at ! apex :i* is flatt5$ or depress$2 color light to d>k r$2 dots num]\s1 small1 russet1 inconspicu\s2 /em v ?ick1 less ?an ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long1 adh]+ /rongly to ! fruit2 sk9 r t5d]1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% pale yell[1 ) colorless juice1 t5d] & melt+1 sprightly1 s\r2 ( fair quality2 /one cl++ along ! v5tral suture1 small1 r\ndi%1 plump1 blunt1 ) smoo? surfaces1 fa9tly t+$ ) r$2 v5tral suture v prom95t4 ,,sklanka ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ccj4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbg4 #ahhh4 #c4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #dj1 #da4 #ahie4 #d4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aaf fig4 #f1 #aag4 #aijj4 #e4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3hc fig4 #ba1 #hd4 #aijc4 ,sklanka is evid5tly a cross betwe5 a *]ry ( ! ,am>elle gr\p & "o ( ! ,morellos--ano!r indication ( ! frequ5cy ( hybridization 9 ?is fruit4 ,! *]ries ( ,sklanka h ! light-color$ sk9 & juice ( ! ,am>elles :ile ! dw>fi%1 r\nd-topp$ trees ) p5dant bran*es & abundant1 small leaves are typical ( ! ,morellos4 ,! v>iety is 9 no way rem>kable unless x be 9 h>d9ess1 ! pomologi/s ( ! cold] p>ts ( ! ,mississippi ,valley hold+ t x is "o ( ! h>die/ ( *]ries4 ,! fruit is n on a p> ) t ( a score ( o!r ,am>elles & ! trees1 9 ,new ,york at lea/1 are too small & unproductive to be wor? plant+4 ,! *]ry has value1 !n1 only :]e h>d9ess is a prime requisite4 ,sklanka 0 import$ to ?is c\ntry f ,russia 9 #ahhc by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd ( ,ames1 ,i[a4 ,its p>5tage & orig9 are unc]ta94 ,x does n seem to h be5 gr[n 9 cont95tal ,europe outside ( ,russia b 9 c]ta9 sections ( t c\ntry x is report$ z be+ "o ( ! h>die/ & mo/ productive ( ! ,s\r ,*]ries4 ,z gr[n 9 our ,nor!rn ,c5tral ,/ates x has prov$ "o ( ! h>die/ ( all v>ieties b has n1 z yet1 ga9$ mu* reputation comm]cially ev5 9 ^! cold regions4 ,x is m5tion$ b seldom 9 ! lit]ature & is li/$ by b few nurs]ym54 ,illu/ration3 ,,sklanka ,tree ( m$ium size1 vigor\s1 spread+1 ) droop+ bran*lets1 op5-topp$1 unproductive2 trunk ?ick & smoo?2 bran*es r sl5d]1 long1 slightly r\gh5$1 r$di%-br[n p>tly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 ) num]\s r small l5ticels2 bran*lets sl5d] & will[y1 ) %ort int]nodes1 br[n ne>ly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 smoo? except = ! l5ticels1 :i* are small1 num]\s1 rais$1 conspicu\s4 ,leaves ( m$ium numb]1 ?ree & "o-f\r? in*es long1 "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate to elliptical1 ?ick1 /iff2 upp] surface v d>k gre51 glossy1 smoo?2 l[] surface m$ium gre51 f9ely pubesc5t along ! midrib & l>g] ve9s2 apex & base acute2 m>g9 f9ely & d\bly s]rate1 ) small1 d>k gl&s2 petiole ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long1 ?ick1 t+$ ) dull r$1 groov$1 ) a few hairs along ! upp] surface1 ) f "o to f\r small1 globose1 orange-color$ gl&s usually at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds small1 %ort1 v>iable 9 %ape1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & 9 few1 v small clu/]s2 "t ( bloom+ mid-season2 fl[]s "o & ?ree-sixte5?s in*es across1 :ite2 borne 9 d5se clu/]s usually at ! ends ( bran*es or spurs1 well di/ribut$1 usually 9 ?rees2 p$icels ov] "o-half in* long1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube gre51 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes broad1 obtuse1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%1 entire1 ne>ly sessile1 ) almo/ entire apex2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures e>ly2 ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 oblate1 n compress$2 cavity ( m$ium dep?1 n>r[1 abrupt2 suture lack+2 apex flatt5$ or /rongly depress$2 color bright currant-r$2 dots num]\s1 light color$1 slightly conspicu\s2 /em ?ick1 less ?an "o in* long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 r t\gh1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% pale yell[1 ) colorless juice1 t5d] & melt+1 s\r2 ( good quality2 /one semi-free1 cl++ only along ! v5tral suture1 ab\t "o-?ird in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%1 slightly flatt5$1 blunt1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,,sp>hawk ,prunus avium #a4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bai1 #bbj4 #ahce4 ,sp>hawk's ,honey4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agg4 #ahde4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #d4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3adc1 #add1 fig4 #gj4 #ahff-gc4 ,honey ,he>t4 #e4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bcd fig4 #cg1 #bce4 #ahdi4 ,sp>hawk has little to recomm5d x = ei!r a home or comm]cial or*>d2 b ! ri* & honey$ sweetness ( ! *]ries1 sc>cely surpass$ 9 flavor1 might make x wor? plant+ by plant-bre$]s & connoisseurs ( *oicely good fruits4 ,! "n honey :i* appe>s 9 sev]al ( ! synonyms is indicative ( ! flavor ( ! fruit4 ,! *]ries are q too small & ! pits altoge!r too l>ge = a comm]cial product4 ,! tree is upright-spread+1 ) num]\s ?ick bran*es ov] :i* ! *]ries are r ?ickly scatt]$ 9 ones1 twos & ?rees & nev] 9 clu/]s4 ,! fruit-/ems are *>act]i/ically long & sl5d]4 ,?\gh ( ! ,big>reau gr\p ! fle% is too t5d] to well )/& h>ve/+1 %ipp+ & ! br[n-rot4 ,?is *]ry 0 introduc$ by ,edw>d ,sp>hawk1 = :om x 0 nam$1 ( ,brighton1 ,massa*usetts4 ,! v>iety has be5 kn[n "u a numb] ( diff]5t names1 ! numb] be+ no measure ( its m]it1 h[ev]1 = x has nev] be5 ext5sively cultivat$4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society plac$ x 9 its fruit catalog li/ ( recomm5d$ v>ieties 9 #ahfb b dropp$ x 9 #ahga & = _m ye>s b little att5tion has be5 giv5 x4 ,x is n[ = sale 9 b few ( ! nurs]ies ( ! c\ntry4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright1 r op5-topp$1 h>dy1 unproductive2 trunk /ocky1 slightly %aggy2 bran*es ?ick2 bran*lets m$ium 9 ?ickness & l5g?2 leaves num]\s1 five in*es long1 two & "o-f\r? in*es wide1 long-oval to obovate1 ?91 m$ium gre52 m>g9 co>sely & d\bly s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole two in*es long1 ?ick1 ov]laid ) r$1 ) "o or two l>ge1 r5i=m1 r$di% gl&s on ! /alk2 buds int]m$iate 9 size & l5g?2 season ( bloom int]m$iate1 av]age l5g? five days2 fl[]s "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 pi/il %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season1 av]age l5g? ab\t n9ete5 days2 ne>ly sev5-eigh?s in* 9 diamet]1 some:at conical1 compress$2 color d>k r$ ov] a yell[i% backgr\nd1 f9ely mottl$2 /em ( m$ium ?ickness1 "o & ?ree-eigh?s in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t\gh1 sep>ates f ! pulp2 fle% pale yell[i%-:ite1 ) colorless juice1 t5d]1 crisp1 highly flavor$1 mild1 aromatic1 sweet2 v good 9 quality2 /one ne>ly free1 l>ge = ! size ( ! fruit1 ovate1 flatt5$1 slightly oblique1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,,sp,,te ,,am>elle ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fgi4 #agig4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bid4 #ahjb4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fbi-fcb4 #ahai4 #d4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fg1 #fh4 #aheh4 #e4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #eda fig41 #edb4 #ahfa4 #f4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3adi1 #aej1 fig4 #gc4 #ahff-gc4 #g4 ,lau*e ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,iii3 ,no4 #bd1 ,pl4 #ahhb4 #h4 ,am4 ,g>d4 #i3bfd4 #ahhh4 #i4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #b3cf4 #ahhh4 #aj4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abf1 #abg4 #aijj4 ,spte ,morello4 #aa4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gh4 #ahij4 #ab4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bhb1 #bhc4 #aijc4 ,?is is ano!r v>iety ) ,am>elle fruit & a ,morello-l tree & is unque/ionably a hybrid betwe5 v>ieties ( ! two gr\ps4 ,sev]al ref]5ces f ! ,middle ,we/ m5tion ,spte ,am>elle z v promis+ b 9 ,new ,york1 :]e su* sorts z ,e>ly ,ri*mond & ! ,montmor5cies ?rive1 x is unpromis+ = any purpose4 ,! *]ries are q too poor 9 quality1 be+ v s\r1 & ! trees too unproductive to make ! v>iety ev5 a poor rival ( a score or m ( ,am>elles & ,dukes ) :i* x w\ld h to compete 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,! orig9 ( ?is *]ry is unkn[n b accord+ to ,tru*sess x 0 s5t out f ,hanov] z ,spte ,morelle 9 #aghe4 ,9 #agig1 ,*ri/ m5tions a *]ry "u ?is "n ! description ( :i* agrees ) t ( ,spte ,am>elle4 ,lau*e /ates t ,tru*sess receiv$ ! v>iety f ,hanov] "u ! "n ,spte ,morelle & lat] *ang$ ! "n to ,spte ,am>elle4 ,?is *]ry 0 gr[n 9 ! ,p>is ,national ,nurs]y "u ! "n ,c]ise ,am>elle ,t>dive & at "o "t 0 commonly gr[n 9 g>d5s 9 ,france4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahhc1 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd ( ,i[a br\ght to ,am]ica a l>ge numb] ( *]ries f c5tral & ea/]n ,europe4 ,someh[ !re 0 confusion 9 ! description ( ^! import$ *]ries & two k9ds 7 describ$ "u ! "n ,spte ,am>elle1 "o a light-fle%$ sort1 ! o!r ) r$ fle% & color$ juice4 ,! true v>iety has light fle% & juice & a pleasant1 acid flavor & is probably id5tical ) ! old ,fr5* sort1 ,c]ise ,am>elle ,t>dive4 ,! *]ry sometimes call$ ,spte ,morello c be no o!r ?an ! ,spte ,am>elle4 ,tree ( m$ium size1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 r\nd-topp$1 r unproductive2 trunk /ocky1 some:at %aggy2 bran*es smoo?1 d>k br[n ov]spread by a%-gray1 ) num]\s l5ticels v>iable 9 size2 bran*lets sl5d]1 r %ort1 br[n ne>ly cov]$ ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 ) slightly rais$1 inconspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 small1 fold$ upw>d1 oval to some:at obovate1 r /iff2 upp] surface d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface m$ium gre51 pubesc5t only on ! midrib & l>g] ve9s2 apex acute1 base v>iable 9 %ape2 m>g9 f9ely s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole gre5i% or ) a slight bronze t+e1 gl&less or ) f "o to f\r small1 globose1 br[n or yell[i% gl&s usually at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds small1 po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & 9 clu/]s on long or %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom late2 fl[]s "o in* across1 :ite2 borne 9 scatt]$ clu/]s1 usually 9 ?rees2 p$icels ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long1 sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube gre5 ) a t+e ( r$1 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes ) a trace ( r$1 r n>r[1 acute1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals broad-oval1 entire1 slightly cr5ate at ! apex2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to or long] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 "o-half in* long1 oblate1 slightly compress$2 cavity %all[1 n>r[2 suture indi/9ct2 apex r\ndi% or depress$2 color d>k r$2 dots num]\s1 v small1 obscure2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-half in*es long2 sk9 ?91 t5d]2 fle% light r$1 ) light color$ juice1 t5d]1 t>t2 ( good quality2 /one free1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$1 ) smoo? surfaces2 di/9ctly ridg$ along ! v5tral suture4 ,,suda ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,suda ,h>dy4 #b4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ba4 #ahib-ic4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #be4 #ahii4 #d4 ,/>k ,bro!rs ,cat4 #ahii4 #e4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3hd fig41 #he4 #aijc4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #cf4 #aijd-je4 ,suda has be5 widely adv]tis$ z an improv$ ,engli% ,morello b1 :ile !re seem to be "s slight diff]5ces betwe5 ! two1 ! new v>iety is n an improvem5t on ! old s f> z c be discov]$ at ?is ,/ation4 ,! trees ( ,suda 9 g5]al aspect are m upright & ! /ems ( ! *]ries long] & m sl5d] ?an ^? ( ,engli% ,morello1 be+ b an in* 9 l5g? 9 ! "o v>iety & an in* & ?ree-f\r?s 9 ! o!r4 ,! trees on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation are n z productive z ^? ( ,engli% ,morello4 ,! *]ries1 if any?+1 are n z high 9 quality z ^? ( ! old] & probably ! p>5t v>iety4 ,x is d\btful if !re is a place = ,suda 9 ! *]ry indu/ry ( ,new ,york4 ,?is *]ry orig9at$ 9 ! g>d5 ( a ,capta9 ,suda1 ,l\isiana1 ,miss\ri1 ab\t #ahhj4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society li/$ ,suda 9 its fruit catalog ( #ahii z ,suda ,h>dy b 9 #aiji %ort5$ ! "n to ,suda1 a *ange :i* has g5]ally be5 accept$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,suda ,tree vigor\s1 r unproductive2 bran*es sl5d]1 ) num]\s small l5ticels2 bran*lets sl5d]1 long2 leaves num]\s1 f\r in*es long1 two & "o-f\r? in*es wide1 obovate to oval1 dull1 d>k gre52 m>g9 d\bly s]rate1 ) d>k gl&s2 petiole "o in* long1 ( m$ium ?ickness1 t+$ ) dull r$1 gl&less or ) "o or two r5i=m1 yell[i%-br[n gl&s usually at ! base ( ! blade2 buds small1 %ort1 obtuse1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & on b v few1 if any1 spurs2 season ( bloom late2 fl[]s :ite1 "o in* across2 filam5ts "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures v late2 ?ree-f\r?s in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%-cordate1 slightly compress$2 cavity fl>+2 suture indi/9ct2 color d>k purpli%-r$2 /em sl5d]1 "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% d>k r$1 ) d>k color$ juice1 t5d]1 some:at meaty1 sprightly1 a/r+5t1 v s\r2 poor 9 quality2 /one free or ne>ly s1 ovate1 slightly po9t$1 ) smoo? surfaces4 ,,timme ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3he1 #hf4 #aijc4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,timme c h>dly be di/+ui%$ f ,e>ly ,ri*mond1 diff]+ only 9 small] fruits1 & probably is a se$ v>iation ( t v>iety4 ,on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation ! trees ( ,timme are ev5 m productive ?an ^? ( ,e>ly ,ri*mond1 "o ( ! mo/ fruitful ( all *]ries1 b ! great] fruitfulness ( ! tree h>dly (fsets ! small] size ( ! *]ries4 ,x is d\btful if ?is new /ra9 c displace ! old] ,e>ly ,ri*mond1 :i* is well e/abli%$ 9 ! favor ( *]ry-gr[]s ev]y:]e4 ,?is v>iety is suppos$ to h be5 br\ght to ,am]ica f ,g]many by a ,mr4 ,timme ( ,omaha1 ,nebraska4 ,x is ( "s local importance 9 ,i[a & ,nebraska b z yet has n be5 widely di/ribut$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,possibly x w be f\nd 9 "t t x is "s old ,g]man v>iety r5am$4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #aiji4 ,illu/ration3 ,,timme ,tree m$ium 9 size1 r vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 op5-topp$1 heal?y2 trunk & bran*es ?ick1 ) num]\s l>ge l5ticels2 bran*lets sl5d]1 long1 will[y2 leaves ?ree & "o-half in*es long1 "o & five-eigh?s in*es wide1 ovate to obovate1 ?ick1 /iff1 lea!ry1 d>k gre52 m>g9 f9ely s]rate1 tipp$ ) r$di%-br[n gl&s2 petiole ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 l5g?1 ) "o or two l>ge1 globose gl&s v>iable 9 position2 fl[]s "o in* across1 9 d5se clu/]s4 ,fruit matures m$ium e>ly2 ov] "o-half in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%-oblate2 color light r$ becom+ d>k r$ at full maturity2 /em "o in* long2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 ) abundant p9ki% juice1 t5d] & melt+1 pleasant flavor$1 sprightly2 good 9 quality2 /one semi-cl++1 r\ndi%-ovate1 plump2 prom95tly ridg$ along ! v5tral suture4 ,,t\ssa9t ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3agh-ahj1 ,pl4 ,,vii4 #agfh4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3g1 ,tab4 #ah fig4 #b4 #agib4 #c4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #ba1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #d4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #a3ajc1 #ajd1 ,pl4 #ahec4 #e4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3bje1 #cjh4 #ahff4 #f4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cje1 #cjf fig41 #cjg1 #cjh4 #ahgg4 #g4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bej4 #aijf4 ,/ts ,blh5d] ,kirs*baum4 #h4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #db1 #dc4 #agij4 ,all ,sa9ts4 #i4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ffa-ffh4 #ahai4 #aj4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aeb1 #aec4 #ahcb4 #aa4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3gb4 #aheh4 #ab4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bgg4 #ahhd4 #ac4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccb4 #ahhi4 ,t\ssa9t is a m>k$ deviation f its species4 ,in/ead ( be>+ blossoms normally ?is v>iety s5ds out small bran*es f ! buds4 ,9 ! axis ( ! fir/ f\r leaves are borne ! buds de/9$ to produce simil> bran*es ! foll[+ spr+4 ,z ! bran*es elongate ^! buds rema9 dormant b o!rs are borne :i* produce fl[]s 9 umbel-l clu/]s ( two or ?ree4 ,! trees beg9 bloom+ ?ree or f\r weeks lat] ?an o!r *]ries & new buds & fl[]s appe> cont9ually until ,augu/ or !reab\ts4 ,! tree1 too1 is mo/ /rik+ 9 appe>ance1 be+ dw>fi% 9 /ature1 ?ickly set ) p5dant bran*lets &1 all 9 all1 attractive en\gh to make x a r h&some ornam5tal4 ,! *]ries are ( little or no value1 be+ q too acid to eat out ( h& b furni%+ v late fruit :i* may be us$ = cul9>y purposes4 ,! description giv5 is compil$4 ,! hi/ory ( ! v>iety is unc]ta94 ,l]oy says t x 0 m5tion$ by ,dal*amp1 a ,fr5* writ]1 z e>ly z #aehf4 ,duhamel seems to h be5 ! fir/ pomologi/ to describe x :i* he did 9 #agfh "u ! "n ,c]isi] de la ,t\ssa9t4 ,! v>iety is well kn[n 9 ,europe1 be+ widely di/ribut$ 9 ,au/ria1 ,g]many1 ,belgium1 ,france & ,engl&1 pomologi/s & nurs]ym5 9 all ^! c\ntries seem+ to be well acqua9t$ ) x4 ,!re are no records ( its culture 9 ,am]ica1 al?\gh ,pr9ce & ,elliott describe x f ,european fruit books4 ,tree small1 h>dy1 mod]ately productive2 bran*es sl5d]1 num]\s1 p5dant4 ,fruit small1 flatt5$ on ! ends & sides2 /em long2 color cle> r$1 d>k] on matur+1 r transp>5t2 fle% :ite some:at r$ at ! c5t]1 ) r$di% juice2 flavor1 if mature1 s\r1 ?\gh n excell5t2 /one l>ge1 long1 cl+s to ! fle% m ?an to ! /em4 ,! fruit borne 9 ,octob] nev] rea*es maturity4 ,,vladimir ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hd1 #he4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ge4 #ahhc4 #c4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbg1 #cbh4 #ahhe4 #d4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ai3eej4 #ahib4 #e4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ded4 #ahie4 #f4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abh1 #abi4 #aijj4 #g4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3hg4 #aijc4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,vladimir is a ,morello-l *]ry n m promis+ 9 ,new ,york1 at lea/ 9 ! or*>d ( ?is ,/ation1 ?an any o!r ( ! _m competitors ( ,engli% ,morello4 ,! *]ries are l>ge1 v simil> 9 size & appe>ance to ^? ( ,engli% ,morello2 ! pit is small1 ! sk9 v ?9 & sep>at+ readily f ! pulp4 ,! v>iety is fur!r *>act]iz$ by ! v d>k r$ fle% & d>k color$ juice :i* is too a/r+5t & s\r to eat out ( h& b does v well = cul9>y purposes4 ,! tree is mu* l t ( ,engli% ,morello b is f> m dw>fi% & n z productive1 ^! be+ fatal faults = comm]cial plant+ 9 ,new ,york4 ,x falls %ort ( ,engli% ,morello 9 ano!r respect--! fruit rip5s v unev5ly4 ,vladimir has ! reputation ( be+ "o ( ! h>die/ ( all *]ries4 ,x is said to come true f se$ & does bett] on its own roots ?an on ei!r ,mazz>d or ,mahaleb4 ,! ,russians1 accord+ to ,budd1 succe$ be/ ) x :5 x is propagat$ f spr\ts & all[$ to =m a bu%y plant ) sev]al /ems1 ! olde/ ( :i* are cut f "t to "t4 ,!re seems to be little 9 ! v>iety to comm5d x = ei!r home or comm]cial plant+s 9 ,new ,york4 ,vladimir is a g5]ic "n = a gr\p ( v>ieties gr[n 9 ,russia1 pr9cipally 9 ! prov9ce ( ,vladimir ea/ ( ,mosc[4 ,mo/ ( ^! *]ries are l>ge1 black fruits ) highly color$ juice & good quality1 mu* valu$ = m>ket use 9 _! native c\ntry4 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd import$ a numb] ( ^! ,vladimir *]ries f ,orel 9 ,c5tral ,russia & grew !m at ! ,exp]im5t ,/ation gr\nds 9 ,i[a1 giv+ to ea* a se$l+ numb] z a di/+ui%+ *>act]i/ic4 ,"o1 ,orel ,no4 #be1 0 select$ z be+ sup]ior 9 _m respects to ! o!rs & 0 f9ally nam$ ,vladimir4 ,?is v>iety1 typical ( ^! ,russian *]ries1 has be5 consid]ably propagat$ & is g5]ally di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ?is c\ntry4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society add$ ,vladimir to its li/ ( recomm5d$ fruits 9 #aiji4 ,illu/ration3 ,,vladimir ,tree dw>fi%1 r\nd-topp$1 v h>dy1 productive2 trunk m$ium or bel[ 9 size2 bran*es will[y1 droop+1 r$di%-br[n slightly ov]spread ) a%-gray2 bran*lets sl5d]1 long1 smoo?1 ) a few small1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 ?ree in*es long1 "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 oval1 ?ick2 upp] surface dull1 d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface light gre51 ) a few scatt]+ hairs2 apex acute1 base slightly abrupt2 m>g9 f9ely s]rate1 ) d>k color$ gl&s2 petiole "o-half in* long1 t+$ ) r$1 ) a few scatt]+ hairs along ! /alk1 gl&less or ) f "o to f\r small1 r5i=m1 gre5i%-yell[ gl&s at ! base ( ! blade4 ,buds small1 %ort1 v obtuse1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & 9 small clu/]s on small spurs2 leaf-sc>s obscure2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 scatt]+ clu/]s 9 twos1 ?rees & f\rs2 p$icels ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long1 r sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube ) a t+e ( r$1 some:at obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes r$di%1 broad1 obtuse1 s]rate1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi% or slightly obovate1 irregul>ly cr5ate1 ) %ort1 blunt claws1 apex entire2 filam5ts ov] "o-f\r? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures v late2 ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* long1 sev5-eigh?s ( an in* wide1 r\ndi%-cordate1 slightly compress$2 cavity r %all[2 suture a l9e2 apex r\ndi%2 color d>k r$ almo/ black at full maturity2 dots num]\s1 small1 russet1 inconspicu\s2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-half in*es or m 9 l5g?1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% d>k r$1 ) v d>k color$ juice1 slightly /r+y1 melt+1 sprightly1 a/r+5t1 s\r2 ( fair quality2 /one semi-cl++1 r l>ge1 long-ovate to oval1 ) smoo? surfaces1 t+$ ) r$4 ,,wat]loo ,prunus avium 7,prunus avium ,prunus c]asus7 #a4 ,pr9ce ,treat4 ,hort4 #bi4 #ahbh4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ef4 #ahca4 #c4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aah4 #ahcb4 #d4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agh4 #ahde4 #e4 ,floy-,l9dley ,guide ,or*4 ,g>d4 #aja1 #ajb4 #ahdf4 #f4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bac1 #bad4 #ahed4 #g4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cad4 #ahhd4 ,?is old sort1 seem+ly well ?\ght ( 9 ,europe1 has n be5 popul> 9 ,am]ica & has only hi/orical value to *]ry-gr[]s ( ?is c\ntry4 ,x is an int]e/+ *]ry resembl+ ! ,big>reaus 9 tree & leaf-*>act]s :ile ! fl[]s are m l ^? ( ! ,dukes1 ! fruit1 too1 tak+ on m ! aspect ( ! ,dukes ?an ( ! ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,! v>iety has long s9ce pass$ f g5]al cultivation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & c n[ be f\nd only 9 collections or z an occasional doory>d tree4 ,?is *]ry 0 rais$ e>ly 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury by ,t4 ,a4 ,knight1 ,d[nton ,ca/le1 ,wilt%ire1 ,engl&1 & fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahae1 %ortly aft] ! ,battle ( ,wat]loo1 h5ce its "n4 ,x 0 suppos$ to be a cross betwe5 ,yell[ ,spani% & ,may ,duke4 ,! v>iety 0 br\ght to ?is c\ntry by ,honorable ,john ,l[ell ( ,newton1 ,massa*usetts1 ?\gh x 0 describ$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahbh f ,european fruit books4 ,! foll[+ description is compil$3 ,tree vigor\s1 ?rifty1 r irregul> & spread+1 productive2 bran*lets ?ick1 /ocky1 grayi%2 leaves l>ge1 droop+1 wavy2 m>g9 slightly s]rate2 fl[]s l>ge2 /am5s %ort] ?an ! pi/il4 ,fruit matures ! la/ ( ,june or e>ly 9 ,july2 l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 broad at ! base1 convex on "o side1 flatt5$ on ! o!r2 /em "o & "o-half to two in*es 9 l5g?1 sl5d]2 color d>k purpli%-r$ becom+ ne>ly black at maturity2 sk9 ?92 fle% purpli%-r$ becom+ d>k] next to ! /one1 firm b t5d]1 juicy1 f9e flavor$1 sweet2 good 9 quality2 /one sep>at+ readily f ! pulp1 small1 r\ndi%-ovate1 compress$4 ,,:ite ,,big>reau ,prunus avium #a4 ,?a*] ,am4 ,or*4 #bag4 #ahbb4 #b4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abe4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhc4 #ahdb4 #d4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahj fig41 #aha4 #ahde4 #e4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cff4 #ahdi4 #f4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,g>d4 #b3eda4 #ahee4 ,tradescant4 #g4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #bej4 #ahag4 ,:ite ,oxhe>t4 #h4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bgh4 #ahcb4 ,:ite ,big>reau is a *]ry ( ! pa/1 hav+ be5 consid]$ "o ( ! good sorts ( a c5tury ago4 ,riv]s1 ! ,engli% pomologi/1 believ$ x to h come orig9ally f ,russia4 ,x is reput$ to h be5 br\ght to ,am]ica f ,france by ,*ancellor ,liv+/on ( ,revolution>y fame4 ,?a*]1 9 #ahbb1 describ$ ! v>iety fir/ "u its pres5t "n4 ,! v>iety1 z ! synonymy %[s1 has be5 gr[n "u _m names bo? 9 ,am]ica & ,europe4 ,9 #ahde1 accord+ to ,d[n+1 ?is *]ry 0 common 9 ! neighborhood ( ,new ,york & ,philadelphia b s9ce ,d[n+'s "t no "o seems to h m5tion$ x4 ,! v>iety is usually spok5 ( 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z nei!r h>dy nor productive4 ,! fruit books describe x z foll[s3 ,tree m$ium 9 size1 spread+1 v t5d]1 unproductive2 leaves n>r[1 wav$4 ,fruit matures ! la/ ( ,june or e>ly 9 ,july2 l>ge to v l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 some:at po9t$2 color yell[i%-:ite ) a bright r$ *eek1 mottl$2 fle% v firm1 break+1 pleasantly flavor$1 sweet2 v good 9 quality2 /one sep>at+ readily f ! fle%4 ,,:ite ,,he>t ,prunus avium #a4 ,bradley ,g>d4 #baa4 #agci4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agc1 #agd fig4 #ahde4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baf4 #ahed4 #d4 ,horticulturi/ #ae3cbg1 ,pl4 fig4 #a4 #ahfj4 #e4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cae4 #ahhd4 ,amb] ,he>t4 #f4 ,mill] ,g>d4 ,kal4 #aed4 #agcd4 #g4 ,j\r4 ,roy ,hort4 ,soc4 #ba3cee4 #ahih4 ,frhe ,b]n/e9kirs*e4 #h4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cjd1 #cje4 #ahai4 #i4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ci4 #aheh4 #aj4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3de1 #df1 fig4 #bc4 #ahhb4 #aa4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdh4 #ahhi4 ,k5ti% ,big>reau4 #ab4 ,buny>d-,?omas ,fr4 ,g>d4 #dc4 #aijd4 ,:ite ,he>t is m5tion$ 9 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york only because ( its reputation 9 ,europe & ! frequ5t ref]5ces1 !re=e1 t ,am]ican *]ry-gr[]s see to x 9 ,european publications4 ,buny>d & ,?omas1 9 ! ref]5ce giv51 speak ( x z "o ( ! be/ & mo/ pr(itable *]ries gr[n 9 ! fam\s ,k5t *]ry or*>ds4 ,e>ly ,am]ican horticulturi/s describe x b x seems n to h be5 widely gr[n 9 ,am]ica & has probably long s9ce pass$ f cultivation4 ,x fail$1 accord+ to ,elliott1 because x 0 a v>iable & unc]ta9 be>] & :ile an e>ly *]ry n e>ly en\gh to compete ) _m new v>ieties4 ,:ite ,he>t seems to h be5 m5tion$ fir/ by ,mill] 9 #agcd4 ,a little lat] x is f\nd to be describ$ 9 bo? ,g]many & ,france1 indicat+ t x mu/ h be5 kn[n & widely di/ribut$ be=e ! "t giv54 ,x seems to h be5 br\ght to ,am]ica be=e ! ,w> ( ! ,revolution & to h be5 gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry "u ! sev]al diff]5t names :i* are giv5 9 ! li/ ( synonyms4 ,! foll[+ description is compil$3 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 some:at erect1 v heal?y1 r productive2 bran*es /ocky1 some:at angul>1 ) l>ge1 r\ndi%1 light color$ l5ticels2 int]nodes ( unequal l5g?2 leaves m$ium 9 size1 oval or obovate1 %>ply po9t$2 m>g9 f9ely s]rate2 petiole %ort1 sl5d]1 tipp$ ) two r5i=m1 orange-r$ gl&s2 fl[]s m$ium 9 size2 petals obovate4 ,fruit matures e>ly 9 ,june2 r small1 r\ndi%-cordate1 (t5 "o-sid$1 ) a di/9ct suture2 color :iti%-yell[1 t+$ & speckl$ ) pale r$ 9 ! sun2 /em long1 sl5d]1 ins]t$ 9 a wide1 %all[ cavity2 sk9 firm2 fle% light color$1 firm1 half-t5d]1 break+1 juicy1 sug>y1 pleasant2 fir/ quality2 /one r l>ge1 r\ndi%-oval1 ) a po9t$ apex4 ,,w9dsor ,prunus avium #a4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 #bd3bjh4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,cult4 ,c\nt4 ,g5t4 #di3fcf4 #ahhd4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bb4 #ahhe4 #d4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ce3af fig4 #g4 #ahig4 #e4 ,ont4 ,fr4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,rpt4 #e3da fig4 #ahih4 #f4 ,am4 ,g>d4 #ba3gf4 #aijj4 #g4 ,c4 ,hort4 #be3c1 #bfb fig41 #bfc4 #aijb4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ef1 #eg4 #aijg4 ,w9dsor is ! /&>d late ,big>reau & "o ( ! mo/ pr(itable ( ! h>d-fle%$ *]ries gr[n 9 ,new ,york4 ,bo? fruit & trees des]ve ! approbation ( *]ry-gr[]s4 ,9 color ! *]ries meet ! m>ket dem&1 buy]s pref]r+ a d>k-color$ ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,none w\ld f9d fault ) ! appe>ance ( ,w9dsor4 ,! fle% is firm & ! product /&s h>ve/+ & %ipp+ well & at a season ( ! ye> :5 br[n-rot is usually rife ?is v>iety is fairly free f ?is sc\rge ( ! ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,! quality is f good to v good1 equal$ b n surpass$ by o!rs ( its class4 ,b x is 9 its tree-*>act]s t ! sup]iority ( ,w9dsor is be/ %[n4 ,! trees h ! reputation ( be+ ! h>die/ ( ! ,big>reaus & ( ?riv+ 9 _m soils4 ,!y are usually fruitful4 ,to (fset ^! m]its1 ! trees h two or ?ree r s]i\s faults4 ,?us1 !y d n come 9 be>+ e>ly2 !y are tall & upright 9 gr[?1 be+ almo/ fa/igiate1 mak+ x difficult to h>ve/ ! crop2 & ! load ( fruit is too mu* clu/]$4 ,*]ry-gr[]s agree t ! wor/ ( all pe/s ( ?is fruit is ! rob9 & t ! ,w9dsor1 = "s reason or o!r1 is ! free/ ( its k9d f ?is & o!r ?iev+ birds4 ,f ! behavior ( ! v>iety 9 ,new ,york1 we c he>tily jo9 ) practically all :o are gr[+ ?is v>iety 9 recomm5d+ x z a late1 m>ket ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,w9dsor orig9at$ 9 ! latt] half ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury on ! f>m ( ,james ,d\gall1 ,w9dsor1 ,ont>io1 ,canada1 & 0 introduc$ to fruit-gr[]s 9 #ahha by ,ellwang] ,b>ry1 ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york4 ,x has be5 plant$ ext5sively 9 _m sections ( ?is c\ntry = bo? home & m>ket use & is n[ (f]$ = sale by a l>ge numb] ( nurs]ym54 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society add$ ,w9dsor to its fruit catalog li/ 9 #ahhe & ! v>iety /ill holds a place !re4 ,?\gh r widely kn[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! comm]cial culture ( ?is v>iety is almo/ :olly conf9$ to ,new ,york4 ,x seems z yet n to h f\nd its way to ,europe1 a fact to be regrett$1 = its _m good qualities w\ld soon make x kn[n 9 ! ,old ,_w :]e ! ,sweet ,*]ry is bett] gr[n & m appreciat$ ?an 9 ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w9dsor ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 op5-topp$1 v productive2 trunk ?ick1 %aggy2 bran*es /ocky1 v smoo?1 br[n ne>ly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 ) l>ge l5ticels2 bran*lets ?ick1 r %ort1 br[n ov]spread ) light a%-gray1 smoo?1 ) few small1 inconspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves f\r in*es long1 two in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate to oval1 ?92 upp] surface d>k gre51 slightly rugose2 l[] surface light gre51 pubesc5t2 m>g9 d\bly cr5ate1 gl&ul>2 petiole "o & "o-f\r? in*es long1 t+$ ) dull r$1 ) f "o to ?ree globose1 r$di% gl&s ( m$ium size on ! /alk4 ,buds conical or po9t$1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds & 9 v num]\s clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 on %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s some:at prom95t2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 scatt]+ clu/]s1 9 ones & twos2 p$icels "o in* long1 sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube gre51 campanulate1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes gre5i% or ) a t+e ( r$1 acute1 glabr\s )9 & )\t1 reflex$2 petals broad-oval1 slightly cr5ate1 ) %ort1 blunt claws2 filam5ts five-sixte5?s ( an in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 %ort] ?an ! /am5s4 ,fruit matures 9 late mid-season2 ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 slightly oblong to conical1 compress$2 cavity deep1 wide1 fl>+2 suture a l9e2 apex r\ndi%1 ) a depression at ! c5t]2 color v d>k r$ becom+ almo/ black2 dots num]\s1 small1 russet1 obscure2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 adh]+ to ! pulp2 fle% light r$1 ) r$di% juice1 t5d]1 meaty1 crisp1 mild1 sweet2 good to v good 9 quality2 /one semi-free1 ovate1 flatt5$1 blunt-po9t$1 ) smoo? surfaces2 v5tral suture r prom95t ne> ! apex4 ,,wood ,prunus avium #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,gov]nor ,wood4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aif fig4 #ahed4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ajh4 #ahef4 #d4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cbd fig4 #ahgg4 ,wood is preem95tly a ,sweet ,*]ry = ! amateur1 hav+ _m qualities t fit x = ! home or*>d & b few to comm5d x to comm]cial gr[]s4 ,! trees are a little t5d] to cold1 are n q productive en\gh to make ! v>iety pr(itable & are1 too1 some:at fa/idi\s z to soils4 ,to (fset ^! defects1 !y are vigor\s & heal?y & be> e>ly4 ,b ! *ief fault ( ! *]ry f ! *]ry-gr[]'s /&po9t is to be f\nd 9 ! fruit4 ,! fle% is s(t & ! *]ries w n /& h&l+ 9 h>ve/+ & %ipp+ & are v susceptible to br[n-rot & crack badly 9 wet wea!r4 ,wood has special m]it 9 ! home collection1 h[ev]1 because ( its e>l9ess1 its beautiful appe>ance & delici\s flavor4 ,x is "o ( ! fir/ ( ! ,sweet ,*]ries1 is l>ge &1 z ! color-plate %[s1 is a beautiful yell[i%-:ite t9t$ ) %ades ( crimson1 ) conspicu\s russet dots--a beautiful fruit4 ,! fle% sep>ates readily f ! sk91 is t5d]1 juicy1 ) an abundance ( colorless juice & a flavor t has giv5 x ! reputation1 :]ev] gr[n 9 ,am]ica1 ( be+ "o ( ! be/ 9 quality4 ,x w\ld be h>d to "n ano!r *]ry bett] suit$ = small plantations & x is to be hop$ t x w long be kept 9 ! g>d5s ( connoisseurs ( good fruit4 ,wood is "o ( ! be/ ( ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&'s#hc se$l+s4 ,x 0 rais$ by him 9 #ahdb at ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 & nam$ 9 honor ( ,reub5 ,wood1 at "o "t ,gov]nor ( ,ohio4 ,9 #ahef1 x 0 add$ to ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society :]e x /ill rema9s1 be+ *ang$ 9 #aiji to ,wood ) ,gov]nor ,wood z a synonym4 ,its popul>ity is %[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ! fact t practically e nurs]yman 9 ?is c\ntry li/s ?is v>iety4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wood ,tree vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 op51 productive2 trunk /\t2 bran*es ?ick1 smoo?1 dull r$di%-br[n cov]$ ) a%-gray1 ) a few small l5ticels2 bran*lets ?ick1 r$di%-br[n slightly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 glabr\s1 ) a few inconspicu\s1 rais$ l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s1 f\r & "o-half in*es long1 two & "o-half in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate1 ?92 upp] surface light gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface dull gre51 lightly pubesc5t2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 m>g9 co>sely & d\bly s]rate1 gl&ul>2 petiole "o & "o-half in*es long1 sl5d]1 t+$ ) dull r$1 ) f "o to ?ree r5i=m1 r$di% gl&s on ! /alk4 ,buds l>ge1 long1 po9t$1 v plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly z lat]al buds or 9 small clu/]s on %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s "o in* across1 arrang$ 9 twos & ?rees2 p$icels "o in* long1 sl5d]1 glabr\s1 gre5i%2 calyx-tube t+$ ) r$1 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes r$di%1 long1 acute1 glabr\s on bo? surfaces1 reflex$2 petals r\ndi%1 cr5ate1 ) %ort1 blunt claws2 an!rs yell[i%2 filam5ts "o-eigh? in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?1 sometimes defective4 ,fruit matures 9 e>ly mid-season2 ne>ly "o in* 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%-cordate1 compress$2 cavity ( m$ium dep?1 wide1 fl>+2 suture v>iable 9 dep?1 di/9ct1 wide2 apex r\ndi%2 color %ades ( crimson on a yell[i%-:ite backgr\nd2 dots num]\s1 small1 light russet1 some:at conspicu\s1 especially j be=e maturity2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-half in*es long1 adh]+ well to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% :iti%1 ) colorless juice1 t5d]1 meaty1 mild1 sweet2 v good 9 quality2 /one cl++1 r l>ge1 r\ndi%1 blunt1 ) smoo? surfaces2 ) a broad1 v5tral suture4 #hc ,j>$ ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,m4 ,d41 ?\gh n[ less well kn[n ?an "s ( 8 contempor>ies1 0 "o ( ! great pomologi/s ( 8 "t & a man ( notable a*ievem5ts 9 o!r bran*es ( natural hi/ory z well4 ,pr(essor ,kirtl& 0 born at ,wall+=d1 ,connecticut1 ,novemb] #aj1 #agic1 & di$ at ,ea/ ,rockport1 ne> ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 ,decemb] #aa1 #ahgg4 ,= sixty ye>s ( a long life 8 avocation 0 ! production ( new v>ieties ( fruits & fl[]s &1 ?\gh a half c5tury has pass$ s9ce he ceas$ active "w1 ! results ( 8 labors are yet to be f\nd 9 ! g>d5s & or*>ds ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,9 pomology he gave special att5tion to bre$+ grapes1 raspb]ries1 pe>s & *]ries4 ,he a*iev$ success1 too1 z a hybridiz] ( peonies & 9 ! introduction ( r>e =eign magnolias4 ,pr(essor ,kirtl& is giv5 cr$it z be+ ! fir/ horticulturi/ successfully to bud & graft magnolias1 an a*ievem5t :i* has made possible _! cultivation "u _m conditions & to a degree ( excell5ce t o!rwise c\ld n be obta9$4 ,he 0 ! f\nd] ( ! ,clevel& ,society ( ,natural ,hi/ory & 0 = _m ye>s its presid5t4 ,he 0 a memb] ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society1 ! highe/ recognition = sci5tific "w to be obta9$ 9 8 "t 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,he s]v$ z pr(essor 9 sev]al m$ical s*ools & fill$ o!r places ( honor & tru/4 ,f 8 boyhood we are told t he 0 int]e/$ 9 natural hi/ory & 0 intimately acqua9t$ ) ! plants & animals ( ,ohio1 hav+ special k ( birds & fi%es1 ! propagation ( ! latt] be+ "o ( 8 hobbies4 ,9 pomology we owe him mo/ = ! _m new *]ries he has giv5 u1 ?irty v>ieties describ$ 9 ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york hav+ come f 8 bre$+ gr\nds4 ,among ^! are ,wood1 ,pontiac1 ,p[hatan1 ,tecumseh1 ,osceola1 ,kirtl& & ,r$ ,jacket1 sorts sc>cely surpass$ = high quality & gr[n commonly 9 ,am]ica & to "s ext5t :]ev] ,sweet ,*]ries w ?rive4 ,8 #hd ye>s seem to h be5 well ord]$1 giv5 almo/ :olly = ! good ( ! public1 & 8 "n %\ld be *]i%$ by pomologi/s among ^? :o h done mo/ = fruits & fruit-gr[+ on ?is cont95t4 ,,wragg ,prunus c]asus #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aga4 #ahhd4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ie4 #ahhg4 #c4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #ag3ae fig4 #h4 #ahib4 #d4 ,neb4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ci4 #ahib4 #e4 ,am4 ,g>d4 #bj3agh4 #ahii4 #f4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aai1 #abj4 #aijj4 #g4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3hi1 fig4 #bf4 #aijc4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #ch4 #aijd-je4 #i4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3bb1 #bc4 #aiaj4 ,wragg is ei!r ,engli% ,morello or a /ra9 ( t v>iety4 ,trees on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation are id5tical ) ,engli% ,morello b x may be t "h1 & occasionally else:]e1 ! old] sort has be5 sub/itut$ = ,wragg4 ,9 ,i[a1 :]e ! new v>iety is mo/ l>gely gr[n1 pomologi/s claim t x is di/9ct & t x is an improvem5t on ,engli% ,morello4 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 an au?ority on ,russian *]ries1 believ$ t ?is sort is di/9ct & ( ,russian orig9 hav+1 accord+ to him1 be5 br\ght to ,am]ica by ,ellwang] ,b>ry ( ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 9 an importation ( ,russian trees4 ,capta9 ,c4 ,l4 ,watr\s ( ,des ,mo9es1 ,i[a1 ano!r prom95t pomologi/ ( t ,/ate1 0 ( ! op9ion t ,wragg came to light on ! gr\nds ( ,j4 ,wragg1 ,waukee1 ,i[a1 z a spr\t f ano!r tree4 ,colonel ,g4 ,b4 ,brackett1 pomologi/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 :o visit$ ,mr4 ,wragg's place "s ye>s ago & comp>$ ! new *]ry ) ! ,engli% ,morello1 c\ld f9d no di/+ui%+ *>act]s betwe5 ! two4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,mr4 ,wragg insi/$ t !y 7 di/9ct4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society calls ,wragg & ,engli% ,morello ! same4 ,^? :o believe t ! two are di/9ct say t ! fruit ( ,wragg is l>g]1 ! trees h>di] & t ! *]ries rip5 a little lat] ?an ^? ( ,engli% ,morello4 ,) ! in=mation n[ at h& x is impossible to say "h :e!r or n ,wragg is di/9ct4 ,a compil$ description tak5 f ! text describ+ ?is *]ry is s unsatisfactory t we (f] none & ref] ! read] to t ( ,engli% ,morello f :i* x diff]s b little1 if at all4 ,,yell[ ,,spani% ,prunus avium #a4 ,mill] ,g>d4 ,dict4 #a3aged4 #b4 ,=sy? ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees #db4 #ahjc4 #c4 ,pr9ce ,treat4 ,hort4 #bh4 #ahbh4 #d4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abe4 #ahcb4 #e4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cgb4 #ahfg4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ag4 #ahig4 #g4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bia4 #aijc4 ,bigu>re ,*]rie4 #h4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egb4 #afbi4 #i4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 ,spani%4 #aj4 ,g]>de ,h]ball #aejc1 fig4 #c4 #afcf4 ,big>reau ,commun4 #aa4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afg1 #afh4 #agfh4 #ab4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abh4 #ahcb4 #ac4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #e1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #ad4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aae-aai1 fig4 #bf4 #ahff4 #ae4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #b1 ,pl4 #b4 #ahga4 #af4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ahh-aia1 fig4 #ahgg4 #ag4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bj1 fig4 #aijf4 ,geme9e ,m>morkirs*e4 #ah4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cja-cjc4 #ahai4 #ai4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #abc fig41 #abd4 #ahfj4 ,graffion4 #bj4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cch-cdj4 #ahai4 #ba4 ,brook%aw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #a3fi1 ,pl4 #cd fig4 #a4 #ahbc4 #bb4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acg1 #ach4 #ahcb4 #bc4 ,cultivator ,n4 ,s4 #f3ba1 fig4 #f4 #ahdi4 #bd4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjh4 #ahed4 ,big>reau4 #be4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bjb4 #ahdc4 #bf4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agi fig41 #ahj4 #ahde4 #bg4 ,floy-,l9dley ,guide ,or*4 ,g>d4 #ajb4 #ahdf4 #bh4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #eb4 #ahdh4 #bi4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bcc fig4 #ca4 #ahdi4 #cj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bha1 #bhb4 #ahhd4 ,= c5turies ,yell[ ,spani% mu/ h be5 ! be/ ( all ! ,big>reaus & x is only 9 comp>atively late ye>s t x has _h rivals4 ,ev5 yet 9 tree-*>act]s x is h>dly equal$1 surpass+ ,w9dsor1 :i* has a notable tree1 9 sev]al respects & fall+ %ort ( x only 9 h>d9ess4 ,! trees are l>ge1--p]haps ! l>ge/ ( all ! v>ieties ( ,prunus avium1--hav+ an upright-spread+ top :i* gives a l>ge be>+ surface & =ms a canopy ( spl5did foliage4 ,! trees are vigor\s1 be> abundantly & regul>ly & come 9 be>+ "y1 ) ! crop well di/ribut$ & n 9 clu/]s z is ! case & ! fault ( ,w9dsor4 ,un=tunately1 ! *]ries1 ?\gh v good 9 mo/ *>act]s1 d n come up to ! trees 9 po9ts ( sup]iority4 ,!y are r small] ?an ^? ( ,napoleon1 ! greate/ competitor ( ,yell[ ,spani%1 & are m subject to attacks ( br[n-rot ?an sev]al o!rs ( ! ,big>reaus4 ,z may be se5 by comp>+ ! color-plates1 h[ev]1 ,yell[ ,spani% is r ! h&som] ( ! two *]ries1 ! crimson color be+ m ev5ly di/ribut$ & ! sk9 n hav+ ! mottl$ appe>ance ( ,napoleon4 ,9 quality ,yell[ ,spani% is ! bett] ( ! two1 hav+ t5d]] fle% & a sweet] & ri*] flavor4 ,yell[ ,spani% is notable 9 ! nurs]y = its /rong1 upright gr[? & its l>ge leaves1 ! leaves ( no o!r *]ry atta9+ s great a size4 ,9 blossom+ "t ! v>iety may be di/+ui%$ by ! :it5ess ( ! blossoms z !y op5 & a r$di% t9t z !y drop4 ,x is a mid-season *]ry1 rip5+ aft] ,wood & a few days be=e ,napoleon4 ,despite ! great age ( ! v>iety x /ill rema9s "o ( ! be/1 furni%+ pro(1 by ! way1 t v>ieties ( *]ries d n deg5]ate ) age4 ,9 ,new ,york ,yell[ ,spani% _c be sp>$ f ei!r home or comm]cial plant+s4 ,yell[ ,spani% is s old & s widely dissem9at$ t its orig9 c only be conjectur$4 ,f ! "n we naturally inf] a ,spani% nativity & yet x is almo/ equally well kn[n z ,big>reau1 a ^w ( ,fr5* d]ivation4 ,"u ! la/ "n ,fr5* pomologi/s believe t !y trace its hi/ory to ! ,fir/ ,c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian ,era z ! v>iety describ$ by ,pl9y "u ! "n ,c]asum ,durac9um4 ,! ,g]mans & ,au/rians c]ta9ly knew ?is v>iety 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury & probably mu* e>li]1 an inf]5ce to be drawn f ! ref]5ces giv54 ,p>k9son1 ! ,engli% h]bali/1 describ$ a *]ry 9 #afbi :i* he call$ ! ,bigu>re ,*]rie :i* lat] came to be kn[n z ! ,big>reau or ,graffion by ,engli% writ]s & :i* we n[ "k to be ,yell[ ,spani%4 ,sev5 ye>s lat] ,g]>de describ$ a ,spani% *]ry ! description ( :i* is n unlike our ,yell[ ,spani%4 ,mill] & ,=sy?1 ,engli% writ]s1 also at an e>ly date describ$ a ,spani% *]ry :i* may be ! fruit ( ?is discussion4 ,=tunately we are well in=m$ z to ! hi/ory ( ,yell[ ,spani% 9 ,am]ica4 ,pr9ce1 "o ( ! mo/ accurate ( ,am]ican pomologi/s1 9 #ahcb1 gave ! foll[+ hi/orical acc\nt ( ! ,graffion1 or ,yell[ ,spani%3 ,?is tree 0 import$ f ,london by ! fa!r ( ! au?or1 9 ! ye> #ahjb1 "u ! "n ,yell[ ,spani%1 & "o ( ! orig9al trees is n[ gr[+ 9 8 g>d51 :]e x produces abundantly1 & !re is little d\bt t f 8 /ock h orig9at$ mo/ ( ! trees ( ?is k9d n[ 9 our c\ntry1 z he has tak5 mu* pa9s to recomm5d x4 ,:y ,pr9ce & o!r ,am]icans came to call ! v>iety introduc$ by ! eld] ,pr9ce ( ,europe z ,yell[ ,spani%1 z ,big>reau & ,graffion1 does n appe> unless ! y\ng] ,pr9ce want$ to make ! "n 9 ?is c\ntry con=m to t 9 mo/ common usage 9 ,engl& at ! "t4 ,besides ! names already giv51 ,yell[ ,spani% has be5 r widely gr[n 9 ,am]ica z ,ox ,he>t & ,:ite ,c>oon4 ,?is v>iety 0 plac$ on ! recomm5d$ li/ ( ! ,national ,congress ( ,fruit ,gr[]s1 :i* aft]w>ds became ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society1 9 #ahdh1 "u ! "n ,big>reau4 ,! "n 0 *ang$ 9 #ahig to ,yell[ ,spani% & x n[ appe>s on ! li/ ( t organization z ,spani%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,yell[ ,,spani% ,tree v l>ge & vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 r op5-topp$1 productive2 trunk ?ick1 ( m$ium smoo?ness2 bran*es /ocky1 r$di%-br[n cov]$ ) a%-gray1 smoo? except = ! num]\s l>ge l5ticels2 bran*lets %ort1 br[n ne>ly ov]spread ) a%-gray1 smoo?1 ) small1 slightly rais$1 inconspicu\s l5ticels4 ,leaves num]\s five & "o-half in*es long1 two & "o-half in*es wide1 fold$ upw>d1 obovate to elliptical2 upp] surface d>k gre51 ne>ly smoo?1 groov$ along ! midrib2 l[] surface light gre51 lightly pubesc5t2 apex acute1 base v>iable 9 %ape2 m>g9 co>sely & d\bly s]rate1 ) small1 d>k gl&s2 petiole "o & ?ree-f\r?s in*es long1 ?ick1 heavily t+$ ) dull r$1 groov$ along ! upp] surface1 ) f "o to f\r l>ge1 r5i=m1 r$di%-yell[ gl&s v>iable 9 position4 ,buds conical1 plump1 free1 arrang$ s+ly or 9 small clu/]s z lat]al buds & f %ort spurs2 leaf-sc>s prom95t2 season ( bloom int]m$iate2 fl[]s :ite1 "o & "o-f\r? in*es across2 borne 9 well-di/ribut$ clu/]s1 9 twos & 9 ?rees2 p$icels ab\t "o in* long1 glabr\s1 gre52 calyx-tube gre5i%1 obconic1 glabr\s2 calyx-lobes acute1 reflex$2 petals oval1 entire1 /rongly d5tate at ! apex1 tap]+ to %ort1 blunt claws2 filam5ts ?ree-eigh?s in* long2 pi/il glabr\s1 equal to ! /am5s 9 l5g?4 ,fruit matures 9 mid-season2 "o in* or ov] 9 diamet]1 cordate1 compress$2 cavity deep1 wide1 fl>+2 suture a m]e l9e2 apex r\ndi%1 n depress$2 color bright amb]-yell[ ) a r$di% blu%1 slightly mottl$2 dots num]\s1 small1 light russet1 obscure2 /em "o & "o-half in*es long1 adh]5t to ! fruit2 sk9 ?91 t\gh1 sep>at+ f ! pulp2 fle% :iti%1 ) colorless juice1 t5d]1 meaty1 crisp1 aromatic1 sprightly1 sweet2 v good to be/ 9 quality2 /one free1 ovate1 slightly flatt5$1 oblique1 ) smoo? surfaces2 ) two small1 blunt ridges along ! v5tral suture ne> ! apex4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,m9or ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,*]ries ,coeur ,htive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,feuilles de ,p*] ,grosse4 ,p4 c]asus8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #di4 #ahca4 ,m]ely m5tion$2 probably simil> to ,will[ ,leav$4 ,abels ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce z a black1 h>d-fle%$1 ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,abundance ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,burbank ,cat4 #g4 #aiaa-ab4 ,abundance is "o ( ,burbank's se$l+s f ,napoleon4 ,! tree is a heavy1 almo/ annual be>]4 ,! fruit is l>ge1 nev] cracks1 & exce$s ! p>5t 9 productiv5ess & beauty2 x rip5s a week lat]4 ,abbesse4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hj4 #ahij4 #b4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bhd4 #aijc4 ,abbesse 0 f\nd 9 ,nor? ,silesia & is suppos$ to be a ,r$ ,duke cross4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 cordate2 /em long1 ?ick at ! base2 cavity %all[2 suture di/9ct2 sk9 d>k r$2 fle% meaty1 ) color$ juice1 mildly acid2 quality good4 ,act ,gillos4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bb4 #ahib-ic4 ,act ,gillos 0 import$ by ,leo ,weltz ( ,ohio1 9 a collection ( sweet v>ieties said to h come f ,bokh>a1 ,turke/an4 ,tree vigor\s2 leaves l>ge2 fruit yell[1 resembl+ ,clevel&4 ,adams ,cr[n4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,brook%aw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #a3de1 ,pl4 #bc fig4 #a4 #ahbc4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bge1 #bgg4 #ahhd4 #c4 ,mawe-,ab]crombie ,comp4 ,g>d4 #fcb4 #ahbi4 #d4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cab fig41 #cac4 #ahgg4 ,adams ,h]zkirs*e4 #e4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ii fig41 #ajj4 #ahfj4 #f4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccb4 #ahhi4 ,adam4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3fi1 #gj1 fig4 #cc4 #ahff-gc4 ,adams ,cr[n is suppos$ to h be5 rais$ by a man nam$ ,adams 9 ! vic9ity ( ,sitt+b\rne1 ,k5t1 ,engl&4 ,x 0 =m]ly gr[n 9 ! or*>ds ne> ,london = m>ket trade4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 usually productive1 be>s e>ly2 fruit m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 flatt5$ at ! base1 slightly compress$2 cavity wide1 deep2 suture %all[1 indi/9ct2 /em sl5d]1 long2 sk9 ?91 transp>5t1 attractive pale r$ speckl$ ) d>k] r$ deep5+ to c>m9e1 %[+ di/9ctly ! fib]s und]nea?2 fle% :iti%1 juicy1 t5d]1 some:at /r+y1 sweet1 sprightly1 pleasant2 v good 9 quality2 /one small1 r\ndi%-ovate1 flatt5$ at ! base1 plump2 season e>ly4 ,adl+ton4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #de4 #ahca4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,affane4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #de4 #ahca4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,afghani/an4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cae4 #ahig4 #b4 ,van ,l9dley ,cat4 #cga4 #ahii4 ,?is v>iety is said by ,van ,l9dley to h be5 introduc$ into ,nor? ,c>ol9a by a mission>y f ,s\? ,africa4 ,! fruit closely resembles ,w9dsor4 ,tree tall1 spread+1 vigor\s2 fruit l>ge1 cordate1 (t5 swoll5 along ! suture giv+ x an angul> appe>ance2 sk9 d>k r$ to r$di%-black2 fle% firm1 t5d]1 sweet2 %ips well2 season ! la/ ( ,may4 ,alat]nblttrige ,ssswei*sel4 ,p4 avium1 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3dh4 #aheh4 ,fruit m$ium l>ge1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$1 ) a fa9t suture2 sk9 glossy1 br[ni%-r$2 /em mo/ly cov]$ ) leaves1 gre5i%-yell[2 fle% s(t1 acidulat$2 /one he>t-%ap$4 ,alb]t9e ,millet4 ,species8 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,receiv$ f ,belgium )\t description2 its value is que/ion$ 9 ,guide ,pratique4 ,alex&r9e ,bon4 ,species8 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccb4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,alfr$ ,wesmael4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,?is v>iety is simil> to ,montmor5cy accord+ to ,guide ,pratique4 ,all54 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,/orrs ,h>rison ,cat4 #acg4 #ahii4 #b4 ,br[n ,cat4 #bc4 #aijj4 ,a se$l+ *]ry f\nd 9 ,lake ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,x is d>k]1 lat] & small] ?an ,w9dsor4 ,! tree is heal?y1 v productive2 fruit some:at he>t-%ap$1 ne>ly black1 glossy1 smoo?2 fle% meaty1 firm1 sweet2 ( small size4 ,all5 ,late ,fav\rite4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abc4 #ahcb4 ,s5t to ! ,pr9ce nurs]y by ,za*>iah ,all5 ( ,provid5ce1 ,rhode ,isl&4 ,! tree is vigor\s2 fruit ( f9e quality1 juicy1 well flavor$2 rip5s 9 ,rhode ,isl& ) ,black ,mazz>d4 ,all]frhe/e ,bunte ,maih]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ai4 #aheh4 ,tree productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 obtuse-cordate2 /em long1 deeply set2 sk9 cle> r$1 spott$ ) d>k br[n2 fle% :iti%1 sweet2 /one oval2 rip5s 9 mid-,june4 ,alte ,knigskirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,ob/bume #aeh4 #agia4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fga4 #agig4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dbb4 #ahai4 ,tree l>ge1 v productive2 fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 slightly he>t-%ap$2 /em long2 sk9 r$di%-black2 fle% v delicate1 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 ) an aromatic1 v pleas+ s\rness2 /one small4 ,alt5l&] ,frhkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #dfe fig41 #dff4 #ahfa4 ,c]ise prcoce d',alt5laud4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cja4 #ahff4 ,?is v>iety is di/+ui%$ f ,frhe ,maih]zkirs*e by its fruits :i* are l>g]1 deep] 9 color1 s\r] & m angul> & a few days lat]4 ,tree productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 obtuse-cordate1 sometimes angul>2 cavity wide1 %all[2 apex (t5 widely depress$2 /em /\t1 ( m$ium l5g?2 suture %all[2 sk9 glossy1 *>coal black 9 "s spots :5 fully ripe1 r t\gh2 fle% r$di%-black1 t5d]1 v juicy1 sweet ) a pleas+ s\rness2 /one %ort1 oval2 season e>ly4 ,am>an?kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bgg4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bae-bai4 #ahai4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bh4 #aheh4 ,9 #agij1 ?is v>iety 0 report$ to h be5 br\ght to ,hanov]1 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 f ,engl&4 ,tru*sess describes ?is *]ry z be+ ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 ) a pron\nc$ suture2 /em %ort2 cavity %all[2 apex abruptly r\nd$2 sk9 r$ on ! sunny side1 yell[i%1 fle%-color$ on ! %ady side2 fle% t5d]1 light yell[i%-:ite1 juicy1 sweet yet )\t excell5ce2 /one r\nd1 r broad1 n long1 ne>ly free2 unproductive4 ,am>elle ,htive4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #ag3f fig4 #ahib4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahii4 #c4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aaj4 #aijj4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,?is v>iety 0 import$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd ( ,i[a1 9 #ahhe4 ,x resembles ,e>ly ,ri*mond b rip5s t5 days lat]4 ,x appe>$ on ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahii & 9 #aiji ,morello ,htive 0 giv5 z a synonym4 ,?is v>iety1 h[ev]1 is ( ! ,am>elle type :ile ,morello ,htive is a true ,morello4 ,am>elle mit ,weissem ,/empelpunct4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fee1 #fef4 #ahai4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3gj4 #aheh4 ,am>elle po9t pi/illaire blanc4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,accord+ to ,tru*sess1 ?is v>iety 0 fir/ m5tion$ by ,*ri/ z e>ly z #agie1 "u ! "n1 ,roque ,*]yd]e4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$2 /em %ort2 sk9 d>k r$2 fle% :ite1 ) colorless juice1 al?\gh a gli/5+ r$ :5 press$ out1 subacid2 season e>ly2 m$ium productive2 resembles ,bunte ,am>elle4 ,amb]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bgb4 #ahcb4 ,?is v>iety 0 f\nd 9 an old g>d5 9 ,provid5ce1 ,rhode ,isl&4 ,fruit bel[ m$ium 9 size1 p]fectly r\nd2 amb]1 delicate r$ t[>ds ! sun2 fle% melt+1 lively1 v sweet2 e>ly4 ,amb] ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #afh4 #ahde4 #b4 ,g>d4 ,*ron4 #ajfh4 #ahfa4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bgg4 #ahhd4 ,amb]8 #d4 ,rea ,flora #bjf4 #afgf4 ,late ,amb] ,gean4 #e4 ,fi% ,h>dy-,fr4 ,bk4 #b3aje4 #ahhb4 ,?is is probably ! ,amb] ( ! old ,engli% writ]s--an attractive1 small ,gean or ,mazz>d4 ,tree be>s abundantly2 fruit small1 obtuse-cordate1 usually regul>2 /em long1 sl5d]1 %all[ly ins]t$2 sk9 v ?91 pellucid1 exhibit+ ! texture ( ! fle%1 pale yell[ or amb]1 t+$ ) delicate r$2 fle% :ite1 t5d]1 juicy1 melt+1 ) a ri*1 sweet1 pleasant flavor2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,july4 ,ambre de ,gub54 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aah1 #aai1 #cjc4 #ahff4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3ii1 #ajj1 fig4 #dh4 #ahff-gc4 ,gub5] ,b]n/e9kirs*e4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cdb1 #fhe4 #ahai4 #d4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3db4 #aheh4 ,?is v>iety resembles ,yell[ ,spani%2 9 fact ! "n is li/$ z a synonym ( ,yell[ ,spani% by ,mortillet4 ,we feel sure1 h[ev]1 t x is a di/9ct v>iety4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 truncate at ! base2 suture %all[2 /em long2 cavity wide1 %all[2 sk9 glossy1 pale yell[ wa%$ ) c>m9e 9 ! sun2 fle% firm1 fibr\s1 sweet1 ) a s\rness t disappe>s if all[$ to rema9 on ! tree2 quality good2 /one oval1 slightly flatt5$ at ! base2 rip5s ! fir/ ( ,july 9 ,france4 ,am]ican ,amb]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bgb4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #afg4 #ahde4 #c4 ,bridgeman ,g>d4 ,ass't ,pt4 #c3ed4 #ahdg4 #d4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cei4 #ahdi4 #e4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bad4 #ahed4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,?is v>iety 0 introduc$ "s "t previ\s to #ahcb by ! orig9ator1 ,daniel ,bloodgood1 ,flu%+1 ,new ,york4 ,x held a place on ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society's li/ ( fruits f #ahfb until #ahfi4 ,x resembles ,am]ican ,he>t b diff]s 9 be+ a t5d]-fle%$ fruit ( regul> outl9e4 ,tree productive2 fruit hang+ 9 bun*es = a long "t )\t rott+4 ,fruit borne 9 ?rees or f\rs1 hangs well1 ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-cordate (t5 ne>ly r\nd2 /em long1 sl5d]1 ins]t$ 9 a slight1 n>r[ cavity2 sk9 v ?91 smoo?1 glossy1 cle>1 light amb] becom+ mottl$ & ov]spread ) cle> bright r$2 fle% amb]1 t5d]1 sprightly1 juicy1 usually ( only fair quality2 pit l>ge2 season ! la/ ( ,june to ! middle ( ,july4 ,am]ican ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bjb4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agh1 #agi fig4 #gj4 #ahde4 #c4 ,bridgeman ,g>d4 ,ass't ,pt4 #c3ed4 #ahdg4 ,accord+ to ,d[n+1 ?is v>iety came f ,long ,isl& b its exact orig9 is unkn[n4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 cordate1 (t5 ne>ly angul> & irregul> 9 outl9e2 cavity small1 %all[2 /em long1 sl5d]2 sk9 t\gh1 adh]+ to ! pulp1 pale yell[ or amb]-r$2 fle% v juicy1 yell[i%1 half-t5d]1 sweet1 pleasant2 v good 9 quality2 /one m$ium 9 size4 ,amos ,ow54 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,n4 ,c4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ahd3aba4 #aijc4 ,amos ,ow5 is a black ,mazz>d us$ by nurs]ym5 z a /ock = graft+4 ,! fruit is small & black2 ( poor quality4 ,&rews4 ,species8 #a4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #ahg4 #aijh4 ,&rews is a se$l+ nam$ aft] ,c4 ,n4 ,&rews1 ,r$l&s1 ,cali=nia1 :o fruit$ x 9 #ahif4 ,x is gr[n 9 ! m\nta9 valley ne> ,r$l&s & is app>5tly a f9e %ipp+ v>iety4 ,anne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjd4 #ahed4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bed4 #aheg4 ,?is *]ry is report$ by ,*>les ,d[n+ to h orig9at$ at ,lex+ton1 ,k5tucky2 di/ribut$ by ,a4 ,v4 ,b$=d1 ,p>is1 ,k5tucky4 ,tree mod]ate 9 gr[?2 fruit ( m$ium size1 bright r$2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 v sweet2 quality excell5t2 e>ly4 ,annonay4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #bh4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,riv]s ,cat4 #ah4 #ahih-ii4 #c4 ,buny>d-,?omas ,fr4 ,g>d4 #dc4 #aijd4 ,annonay] ,h]zkirs*e4 #d4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,a ,he>t *]ry m5tion$ 9 #ahhb z a promis+ new fruit because ( its extreme e>l9ess & excell5t quality4 ,?is v>iety1 introduc$ by ,?omas ,riv]s ,son1 ,sawbridgewor?1 ,engl&1 %\ld n be confus$ ) an old] ,fr5* sort (t5 kn[n by ! same "n b ( a r$di%-br[n color4 ,tree mod]ate 9 gr[?2 fruit glossy1 black1 r\nd1 ( m$ium size1 produc$ 9 clu/]s2 fle% *>coal-black1 v ri* 9 flavor4 ,an/ad4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ont4 ,fr4 ,gr4 ,assoc4 ,rpt4 #ag4 #aijh4 ,a se$l+ f se$s plant$ 9 #ahih by ,a4 ,p4 ,an/ad1 ,trail1 ,briti% ,columbia4 ,! fruit is l>ge1 he>t-%ap$2 cavity ( m$ium dep? & wid?2 /em long1 sl5d]2 apex depress$2 suture indi/9ct2 sk9 mod]ately ?ick1 t5d]1 d>k r$ or blacki%2 dots obscure2 fle% dull r$1 meaty1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasant2 quality good2 /one ( m$ium size1 cl++2 season 9 ,ont>io1 ! end ( ,july4 ,arg5tal ,late4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,b>ry ,fr4 ,g>d5 #cbe4 #ahea4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dea4 #ahfi4 ,d[n+ says ?is v>iety is ( ,fr5* orig9 & t ! fruit is unlike any o!r *]ry 9 =m4 ,tree spread+2 bran*es sl5d]1 irregul>2 fruit ( m$ium size1 elongat$-oval1 sides compress$2 suture n>r[2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?1 sl5d]2 cavity small2 sk9 deep purpli%-black2 fle% half-t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 ( peculi> flavor2 quality v good2 /one small1 n>r[1 elongat$-oval2 rip5s ab\t ,july #aj?4 ,auburn ,duke4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 ,a /ray v>iety n m5tion$ 9 *]ry lit]ature1 occasionally gr[n 9 we/]n ,new ,york4 ,! fruit1 on ! ,/ation gr\nds1 is above m$ium size1 r\ndi%2 sk9 glossy1 amb]-yell[ ) a d>k r$ *eek1 (t5 :olly suffus$ ) r$1 sometimes mottl$ ) transluc5t spots und]nea? ! sk92 suture a di/9ct l9e2 /em sl5d]1 "o & "o-half in*es long1 ins]t$ 9 a broad cavity2 fle% :ite1 v t5d]1 juicy1 ne>ly sweet2 quality good b n ri*2 /one small1 adh]+ to ! /em2 season late ,june4 ,! fruit cracks 9 wet wea!r4 ,augu/ ,duke4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,cultivator #crd ,s]4 #a3bdh fig41 #bdi4 #ahec4 ,vail's ,augu/ ,duke4 #b4 ,horticulturi/ #d3bfd fig41 #bfe4 #ahdi-ej4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bac4 #ahed4 ,?is v>iety orig9at$ ) ,h5ry ,vail ( ,troy1 ,new ,york4 ,x is valu$ = its lat5ess1 matur+ ?ree weeks aft] ,d[n]1 g5]ally ab\t ! t5? ( ,augu/4 ,tree h>dy1 heal?y1 mod]ate 9 gr[?2 fruit borne 9 pairs1 hang+ 9 ?ick clu/]s along ! bran*es1 ( m$ium size1 obtuse-cordate2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 ?ick5+ :]e x jo9s ! fruit1 set 9 a deep1 n>r[ cavity2 sk9 bright r$2 fle% t5d]1 subacid1 mu* l ,may ,duke 9 flavor2 pit oval4 ,augu/9e de ,vigny4 ,species8 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccc4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ed4 #ahef4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ces giv54 ,auris*otte4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ehi-eia4 #ahai4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fe4 #aheh4 ,accord+ to ,tru*sess1 ?is *]ry 0 describ$ 9 #ahjb by ,*ri/ :o /ates t x orig9at$ 9 ,wanfr$1 ,prussia1 ,g]many4 ,tru*sess believ$1 h[ev]1 t ! "n 0 a corruption ( ,sauriotte1 a s\r or ,wei*sel *]ry4 ,fruit r\nd1 some:at flatt5$1 above m$ium 9 size2 suture indi/9ct2 apex slightly depress$1 gray2 /em /rong2 sk9 d>k r$2 fle% & juice ( a slight r$di% ca/1 s\r1 r repulsive2 /one l>ge4 ,badacsony4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #agg3ca4 #ahii4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ahg3fb4 #aija4 ,ganie de ,badacson4 #c4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bg1 #aid4 #ahgf4 ,badacson] ,ries5kirs*e4 #d4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccc4 #ahhi4 ,badacconyi4 #e4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #afi3aih4 #ahii4 ,badacson] ,s*w>ze ,ries5kirs*e4 #f4 ,reut4 ,pom4 ,in/4 ,fe/s*rift #abb4 #aiaj4 ,badacsony] ,knorpelkirs*e4 #g4 ,ob/z*t] #h3gd4 #aiaj4 ,a /rong-gr[+ v>iety ( ! ,big>reau gr\p :i* orig9at$ 9 ! volcanic regions ne> ,balaton ,lake1 ,hung>y4 ,tree spread+1 productive1 subject to %ot-hole fungus2 fruit v l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 compress$2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity deep1 wide2 sk9 d>k r$1 mottl$ ) purple2 fle% crisp1 break+1 p9ki%1 juicy1 sweet2 quality good2 rip5s 9 ,july4 ,ba5d]4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #hh3bj4 #ahib4 #b4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3ab4 #aiaj4 ,an unproductive ,morello4 ,tree m$ium 9 size1 upright1 r\nd-topp$2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 flatt5$2 /em /\t1 long2 sk9 d>k r$1 ?91 t5d]2 fle% firm1 meaty1 slightly /a9$1 ri* acid2 /one long1 smoo?2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,july 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,baltav>4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #ci4 #ahie4 #b4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bhd4 #aijc4 ,big>reau mon/reux de ,baltava4 #c4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 ,baltav>i4 #d4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #afi3aii4 #ahii4 ,baltava] ,knorpelkirs*e4 #e4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,baltav> 0 introduc$ f ,hung>y by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,tree upright1 some:at spread+2 fruit resembles ,napoleon 9 size & %ape2 cavity m$ium 9 dep?1 irregul>1 fl>+2 /em v>iable1 sl5d]2 suture %all[2 sk9 ?ick1 glossy1 light r$ *ang+ to d>k crimson on a yell[ gr\nd2 dots num]\s1 m9ute1 gold52 fle% melt+1 yell[i%1 meaty1 transluc5t1 juicy1 sprightly1 mild subacid2 quality good to v good2 /one l>ge1 long1 cl++2 rip5s ! =ep>t ( ,july4 ,balud] ,morello4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3ahi4 #ahig4 ,tree upright1 unproductive2 fruit m$ium to l>ge2 /em sl5d]2 sk9 dull r$1 t\gh2 fle% r$1 t5d]1 juicy1 acid1 lack+ 9 ri*ness2 rip5s unev5ly ab\t ,june #ah?2 n a comm]cial v>iety4 ,b>nh>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 #ah3bdb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afa4 #ahha4 ,?is v>iety orig9at$ ) ,l\is ,%epl]1 ,belle ,v]non1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,tree heal?y1 vigor\s1 be>s abundantly2 fruit ( ! ,big>reau type1 l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly compress$2 cavity l>ge1 deep2 /em r long1 sl5d]2 suture %all[2 sk9 :iti%-yell[1 %ad$ & mottl$ ) light & d>k1 ri* r$2 fle% firm1 juicy1 sweet1 ) a ri*1 r sprightly flavor2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,basel] ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 ,a m$ium-siz$ *]ry ( little value4 ,bates4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,gre5 ,cat4 #bh fig4 #aijf4 ,said to h orig9at$ ) ,s4 ,j4 ,bates1 ,%elby1 ,mi*igan2 introduc$ by ,c4 ,a4 ,gre51 ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york2 n propagat$ at pres5t4 ,z gr[n on our gr\nds x is id5tical ) ,olivet b our trees may n be correctly nam$4 ,bay ,/ate4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,adams ,cat4 #aa4 #ahid4 #b4 ,sweet ,cat4 #ah4 #aijg4 ,bay ,/ate on ! ,/ation gr\nds resembles ,re9e ,hort5se & may be id5tical4 7,see description ( ,re9e ,hort5se47 ,9 #ahid x 0 li/$ by ,j4 ,w4 ,adams ( ,spr+field1 ,massa*usetts1 "u ! "n ,bay ,/ate & 9 #aijg 0 (f]$ = sale by ,! ,george ,a4 ,sweet ,nurs]y ,company ( ,dansville1 ,new ,york4 ,baylor4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,b$=d ,prolific4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #da1 ,pl4 fig4 #a4 #ahhb4 ,b$=d ,prolific is simil> to its p>5t1 ,black ,t>t>ian1 b has ! advantage ( be+ mu* h>di] & m productive4 ,x is inf]ior 9 quality to its p>5t4 ,_m writ]s confuse x ) ,black ,t>t>ian4 ,belle ,audigeoise4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #e3fe1 ,pl4 #aheg4 ,s*ne ,audigeoise4 #b4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgf4 #ahhi4 ,v simil> to ,*oisy4 ,tree vigor\s1 b mod]ately productive2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$ at ! ends2 /em ( m$ium l5g?2 cavity l>ge1 r\nd2 sk9 glossy1 transp>5t1 almo/ entirely wa%$ ) r$ at complete maturity2 fle% yell[i%1 juicy1 sweet1 acidulat$2 rip5s 9 ,france late 9 ,july4 ,belle ,bosc4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #de4 #ahca4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,belle de ,boskoop4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce )\t description4 ,belle de ,caux4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,li/$ z simil> to ,du*ess de ,palluau4 ,belle de ,c\*ey4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dab4 #ahff4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3acg1 #ach1 fig4 #fi4 #ahhb4 ,s*ne von ,c\*ey4 #c4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #eg4 #aijg4 ,raton1 a labor]1 f\nd ?is v>iety 9 #agae1 gr[+ 9 a g>d5 9 ,cote d',or1 ,france4 ,"h & 9 ! surr\nd+ c\ntry x 0 commonly kn[n z ,c]ise ,raton4 ,tree vigor\s1 abundantly productive2 fruit l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 irregul>1 (t5 flatt5$2 /em long1 sl5d]1 ins]t$ 9 a l>ge1 deep cavity2 apex conical2 sk9 t5d]1 at fir/ cle> purple *ang+ to blacki%-purple2 fle% t5d]1 r succul5t1 int5se purple1 juicy1 sweet1 sug>y1 v pleas+2 /one small = ! size ( ! fruit1 ovate1 %ort1 broad1 turgid2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,9 ,france1 "o ( ! be/ fruits ( ! season /&+ %ipm5t well not)/&+ its t5d] fle%4 ,belle ,defay4 ,species8 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccd4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ )\t a description 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,belle de ,franconville4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dfc4 #ahia4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ad1 #ae fig4 #ahib4 ,?is v>iety is a *ance se$l+ f\nd 9 ! =e/s ( ,se9e-et-,oise1 ,france1 & propagat$ by ,m4 ,ar?ur ,ni5>d1 a nurs]yman ( ! same place4 ,! v>iety is valu$ = its lat5ess & its good %ipp+ qualities4 ,fruit elongat$-cordate1 slightly depress$2 suture r deep2 cavity r l>ge1 regul>2 /em sl5d]1 long2 sk9 glossy1 brilliant purpli%-r$1 firm2 fle% cle> yell[1 r transp>5t1 juicy1 sprightly yet sug>y1 agreeable b slightly /rong2 pit oblong1 tap]+ at ! top1 truncate1 p>tly adh]5t2 season late ,septemb] 9 ,france4 ,belle l',h]issi]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dgj1 ,pl4 #ahge4 ,?is *]ry 0 rais$ f se$ 9 #ahfe by ,m4 ,d\blet1 horticulturi/ at ,montri*>d1 ,loir-et-,*]1 ,france4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 usually borne 9 clu/]s1 depress$ on ! side1 ) a fa9t suture2 /em v long1 sl5d]1 adh]+ /rongly to ! pit2 sk9 a brilliant r$ b nev] black2 fle% pale r$1 juicy1 sweet1 slightly sprightly2 quality v good2 pit irregul>1 v small1 elongat$2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june 9 ,france4 ,belle de ,kis-,o]s4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ac4 #ahie4 ,?is is a ,hung>ian *]ry4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 elongat$1 m>bl$ ) r$2 fle% :ite1 sug>y2 9 ,france x rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,belle de ,lo*e4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #be1 #ahg4 #ahgf4 ,?is "n is wrongly us$ z a synonym ( ,magnifique4 ,di/ribut$ by ,jacquem5t-,bonnefont1 nurs]yman at ,annonay1 ,ard*e1 ,france1 :o describ$ x z a v good1 l>ge1 productive fruit1 rip5+ 9 ,june4 ,belle d',orleans4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #af3ceh1 #edj fig4 #ahej4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #baa4 #ahef4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3hd1 #he fig41 #hf4 #ahff4 #d4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cad fig41 #cae4 #ahgg4 ,beauty ( ,orleans4 #e4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ae fig41 #af4 #ahfg4 #f4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #dae4 #ahii4 ,belle de ,bruxelles4 #g4 ,guide ,prat4 #aj1 #ag1 #aha4 #ahie4 ,"s writ]s /ate t ,?omas ,riv]s1 ,sawbridgewor?1 ,engl&1 orig9at$ ?is v>iety ab\t #aheb2 o!rs hold t x is ( ,fr5* orig94 ,tree l>ge1 v vigor\s1 productive2 fruit usually atta*$ 9 pairs1 m$ium to above 9 size1 r\ndi%-oval or (t5 cordate2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?1 r sl5d]2 sk9 transp>5t1 cle> pale yell[ ) a light r$ *eek1 occasionally slightly mottl$2 fle% pale amb]1 juicy1 t5d]1 sweet2 good 9 quality2 /one l>ge1 r\ndi%-obovate2 season e>ly4 ,belle de ,ribeauc\rt4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3bfi4 #ahed4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aha1 #baj4 #ahff4 #c4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3agj fig41 #aga4 #ahgg4 ,s*ne von ,ribeauc\rt4 #d4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cce1 #cgg4 #ahhi4 ,?is v>iety probably orig9at$ 9 ,nor!rn ,france4 ,fruit globul>1 flatt5$ at ! ends1 l>ge1 usually borne 9 twos2 /em long2 cavity l>ge1 deep2 sk9 transp>5t1 r$1 m int5se 9 ! sun2 fle% yell[1 rose-color$ "u ! sk91 sweet1 juicy1 acidulat$2 pit small1 oval1 r\nd2 rip5s ab\t ! middle ( ,june4 ,belle de ,ro*elle4 ,species8 #a4 ,g>d4 ,*ron4 #ajfh4 #ahfa4 ,m5tion$ z rem>kable = its size1 its abundant juice & ri* flavor :i* are said to make x "o ( ! be/ fruits ( its season4 ,its long /ems facilitate pick+4 ,belle de ,rocmont4 ,p4 avium #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afg1 #afh4 #agfh4 ,glanz5de goldgelb und ro? m>morirte ,kramelkirs*e4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3c1 ,tab4 #e fig4 #b4 #agib4 ,s*ne von ,rocmont4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #caa-caf4 #ahai4 ,pigeon's ,he>t4 #d4 ,pr9ce ,treat4 ,hort4 #cj4 #ahbh4 ,big>reau belle de ,rocmond4 #e4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #df4 #ahca4 ,coeur de ,pigeon ,gros4 #f4 ,ibid4 #dh4 #ahca4 ,pigeon ,he>t ,big>reau4 #g4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abg4 #ahcb4 ,big>reau de ,rocmont4 #h4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3,no4 #f1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 ,rocmont] ,m>morkirs*e4 #i4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ci4 #aheh4 ,ro! ,spanis*e ,m>morkirs*e4 #aj4 ,ibid4 #ci1 #dj4 #aheh4 ,belle de ,rocmont is s simil> to ,yell[ ,spani% t "s writ]s consid] !m ! same4 ,if n ! same !y are s ne>ly s t a description ( ?is v>iety is unnecess>y4 ,belle de ,sa9t ,tronc4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #aag4 #ahgh4 #c4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccd1 #cei4 #ahhi4 ,?is ,he>t *]ry 0 introduc$ 9 #ahgc by ,m4 ,antonie1 ,m>seilles1 ,b\*es-du-,rhne1 ,france4 ,x is describ$ by ! ,fr5* z a br[ni%-black *]ry b ,riv]s li/s x z a light r$ sort4 ,fruit cordate2 /em %ort2 br[ni%-black2 fle% deep r$1 juicy2 fir/ quality2 e>ly2 productive4 ,belle ,vezz\ris4 ,species8 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bgh4 #aheg4 #b4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #ffd4 #ahig4 ,a m$ium to l>ge1 light r$1 some:at transp>5t *]ry ) a subacid flavor2 quality good2 rip5s ) ,d[n]4 ,belle de ,vois]y4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccd4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,simil> to ,du*esse de ,palluau accord+ to ,guide ,pratique4 ,b5d] 7( ,mi*igan74 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,wood ,cat4 #cb4 #aiab4 ,?is is a se$l+ f\nd by a man nam$ ,b5d] ne> ,%elby1 ,mi*igan4 ,x rip5s betwe5 ,e>ly ,ri*mond & ,montmor5cy1 surpass+ ! latt] 9 size1 color & quality2 s\r4 ,b5d] 7( ,new ,york74 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 ,m>gu]ite4 #a4 ,mc,kay ,cat4 #g4 #aiab4 ,?is v>iety is an accid5tal se$l+ f\nd by ,j4 ,o4 ,b5d]1 ,fayetteville1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahge4 ,x is a late *]ry ( ! ,duke gr\p4 ,! fruit is attractive bo? 9 size & color1 mak+ a valuable m>ket sort4 ,fruit r\ndi%-cordate to oblate1 compress$2 cavity m$ium1 fl>+2 suture v %all[2 /em sl5d]1 above m$ium 9 l5g?2 sk9 ( m$ium ?ickness & t\ghness1 sep>at+ f ! pulp1 light r$1 yell[i% on ! %ad$ side2 fle% pale yell[1 some:at co>se & /r+y1 t5d]1 melt+1 subacid1 juicy2 good 9 quality2 /one l>ge1 slightly cl++ along ! v5tral suture4 ,v simil> to ,late ,duke4 ,b]l9 ,am>elle4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #edi4 #aija4 ,a vigor\s v>iety receiv$ f ,l4 ,spa?1 ,b]l91 ,g]many4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 oval2 sk9 glossy r$2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 pleas+ly acid2 season f ! middle to ! la/ ( ,july 9 ,canada4 ,b]n>d4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an4 #hh4 #ahfi4 ,describ$ by ,d4 ,b4 ,wi]1 ,lacon1 ,ill9ois1 z a se$l+ ( ! ,morello gr\p4 ,tree vigor\s1 pyramidal 9 gr[?2 fruit ! size1 %ape1 color & flavor ( ,engli% ,morello b ) a small] pit4 ,bett5burg] ,glaskirs*e4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dde1 #ddf1 #fhi4 #ahai4 #b4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #aga fig41 #agb4 #ahfj4 ,transp>5t de ,bett5burg4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3gg1 #gh1 fig4 #cg4 #ahff-gc4 ,belle ,allem&e4 #d4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 ,tru*sess1 a ,g]man1 grew ?is v>iety f a /one ( ! ,prag] ,muscatell]1 9 #agid4 ,! tree has a close gr[? & ) its l>ge1 wide leaves is easily recogniz$ f o!r light ,duke *]ries4 ,! fruit is (t5 confus$ ) ,d\ble ,glass b ! color is d>k]1 ! /em long] & ?ick]1 ! flavor sweet]1 & ! season f eight to t5 days lat]4 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s2 fruit l>ge1 cordate1 r obtuse1 ) a pron\nc$ suture ext5d+ into ! cavity2 /em long1 set 9 a smoo?1 %all[ cavity2 sk9 t\gh1 cle> purple *ang+ to d>k r$2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 transp>5t1 juicy1 n color$ unless well rip5$1 sweeti%-s\r1 slightly aromatic2 /one ( m$ium size1 globul>1 plump1 truncate at ! base2 season late4 ,bett5burg] ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #fe fig41 #ff4 #ahfj4 ,bett5burg] ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #aae1 #aaf4 #ahai4 ,guigne de ,bett5b\rg4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cja4 #ahff4 ,?is v>iety is a se$l+ ( a wor?less black ,he>t *]ry1 rais$ by ,tru*sess 9 #agid4 ,fruit v l>ge1 flatt5$1 he>t-%ap$1 sides compress$2 /em %ort1 set 9 a %all[ cavity2 apex slightly depress$2 sk9 t\gh1 deep d>k-br[n ) light spots4 turn+ black :5 ripe2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 v sweet2 /one almo/ small1 plump1 r\ndi%2 season ! la/ ( ,june 9 ,g]many4 ,bett5burg] ,kirs*e von d] ,natte4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ejg-eaa4 #ahai4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fa4 #aheh4 ,a v>iety receiv$ by ,tru*sess z ,kirs*e von d] ,natte & dissem9at$ by him z su*4 ,aft] a few ye>s he f\nd t x 0 n true to "n & to avoid fur!r confusion add$ ! ^w ,bett5burg]4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$ at ! base2 suture indi/9ct2 /em %ort1 sl5d]1 %all[ly ins]t$2 sk9 t\gh1 dull1 d>k br[n1 incl9$ to black2 fle% d>k r$1 juicy1 aromatic1 subacid2 /one n l>ge1 plump2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july 9 ,g]many4 ,bett5burg] ,wei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fb1 #fc4 #aheh4 ,bett5burg] ,wei*sel ,gross] ,gobet4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #eba1 #ebb1 #ebc4 #ahai4 ,bett5burg] ,wei*sel von d] ,natte4 #c4 ,liegel ,sy/4 ,anleit4 #aga4 #ahbe4 ,griotte de ,bett5b\rg4 #d4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bb1 #aid4 #ahgf4 ,?is ,g]man v>iety came f se$s ( ,grosse ,gobet plant$ by ,tru*sess 9 #agid4 ,fruit v l>ge1 sides compress$2 sk9 t\gh1 d>k br[ni%-r$2 fle% & juice d>k1 pleas+ly s\r1 improves if left on ! tree2 /one l>ge1 cordate1 po9t$4 ,bicolor ,van ,mons4 ,species8 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ii1 #bjh4 #ahff4 ,fruit m$ium 9 size1 slightly elongat$2 attractively v>iegat$ ) r$2 ( m$iocre quality2 matures ! la/ =tnight ( ,june4 ,big>reau ,abbesse de ,m\l&4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccd4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,big>reau ,anto9e ,nomblot4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #efi1 #egj1 ,pl4 #aiab4 ,9 #aijc1 ,alfr$ ,nomblot plant$ :at he believ$ to be a se$ ( ,big>reau ,dnniss5 b ! result+ tree 9 _m ( its *>act]s resembl$ ,big>reau ,noir de ,krug] :i* /ood ne> ! suppos$ p>5t4 ,a cross betwe5 ^! v>ieties might result 9 a d>k fruit simil> to ?is4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 v productive2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 cordate1 atta*$ 9 ones1 twos & ?rees2 /em long2 sk9 m>bl$ ) purple *ang+ to black2 fle% firm1 sug>y1 juicy1 high flavor$2 pit small1 ovoid2 e>ly4 ,recomm5d$ by ! ,socit ,pomologique de ,france z a good1 e>ly *]ry4 ,big>reau ,blanc ,prcoce4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3add4 #ahhb4 ,a %ort description ( ! tree-*>act]s is giv5 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,big>reau ,blanc-,ros de ,pimont4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,matures late2 accord+ to ,guide ,pratique1 #ahie1 x is v simil> to ,napoleon4 ,big>reau ,bordan4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ahc1 #ahd fig4 #ahgg4 ,bordans frhe weisse ,h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bg4 #aheh4 ,bordans ,h]zkirs*e4 #c4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ig fig41 #ih4 #ahfj4 #d4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aig4 #ahgf4 ,guigne ,blan*e de ,bordan4 #e4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ig1 #ih1 #bjh4 #ahff4 ,?is v>iety 0 rais$ by ,m4 ,bordan ( ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 & 0 fir/ describ$ by ,ob]dieck4 ,l]oy li/s x z a ,big>reau z he believes ! fle% is too firm = a ,guigne z _m ,g]mans h describ$ x4 ,tree h>dy1 productive2 fruit usually borne 9 pairs1 elongat$-cordate1 sides & base (t5 compress$2 suture %all[2 /em long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a wide1 deep cavity2 sk9 glossy1 yell[i%1 spott$ & /reak$ ) r$1 becom+ almo/ entirely wa%$ ) r$ 9 ! sun2 fle% t5d]1 :iti%1 juicy1 sug>y1 slightly acidulat$1 pleas+2 /one m$ium1 oval1 turgid2 season e>ly4 ,big>reau de ,b\rget4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cce4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ )\t a description by ,ma?ieu4 ,big>reau ,brun4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce4 #agga4 ,n describ$4 ,big>reau de ,capuc9s4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,g>d4 ,*ron4 ,n4 ,s4 #ai3bee4 #ahhc4 ,kapuz9] ,knorpel4 #b4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfd4 #ahhi4 ,?is v>iety is little kn[n out ( ,belgium4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-oblong1 regul>1 depress$ at ! ends2 sk9 amb]-yell[1 blu%$ ) r$2 fle% :ite1 crisp1 juicy4 ,big>reau de la ,cas]ne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,g>d4 ,*ron4 #ffc4 #ahff4 ,accord+ to ! ref]5ce ?is v>iety is spok5 ( 9 ,la ,belgique ,horticole z a v>iety ) prodigi\s leaves1 yell[ fruit da%$ ) r$ & ( good quality4 ,big>reau ,cay5ne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ahf fig4 #ahgg4 ,cay5n] ,knorpelkirs*e4 #c4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,?is v>iety 0 receiv$ by ,l]oy 9 #aheg f ,ang\leme1 ,*>5te1 ,france4 ,fruit g5]ally borne 9 pairs2 ( m$ium size1 oval1 some:at cyl9drical1 compress$ at ! extremities1 ) a l>ge1 r deep suture2 apex g5]ally prom95t2 /em long2 cavity broad & regul>2 sk9 ?ick1 yell[1 wa%$ ) pale r$ *ang+ to lively r$ 9 ! sun2 fle% yell[i%1 firm1 brittle1 juicy1 sweet1 slightly sug>y & aromatic2 pit l>ge1 oval1 slightly convex2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june to ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,big>reau de ,*lons4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aca1 #acb1 #bji4 #ahff4 ,a local v>iety1 widely kn[n 9 ! dep>tm5ts ( ,jura & ,sane-et-,loire1 ,france1 z ,*lonnaise4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 depress$ at ! base1 "o face flatt5$1 ! o!r bulg$2 suture slight2 /em %ort2 sk9 a deep purple t9t 9 ! sun1 spott$ ) cle> r$ 9 ! %ade2 fle% :ite or ( a slight rose color1 ) uncolor$ juice1 sug>y1 aromatic2 pit small2 season ! middle ( ,june4 ,big>reau de ,*ampvans4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,?is is an excell5t *]ry ( ! ,big>reau type ) color$ juice & transp>5t sk91 :i* orig9at$ 9 ! dep>tm5t ( ,sane-et-,loire1 ,france2 said 9 ! second ref]5ce to be simil> to ,napoleon4 ,big>reau ,corniola4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3aia1 #aib fig4 #ahgg4 ,! "n ,corniola is d]iv$ f cornal9e1 ! ,fr5* = cornelian4 ,tree m$ium 9 size & productiv5ess2 fruit atta*$ 9 twos or ?rees1 l>ge1 r\ndi%1 slightly compress$ at ! ends & faces2 suture deep2 /em %ort1 set 9 a r deep cavity2 sk9 :iti%-yell[1 l>gely wa%$ ) rose color & spott$ ) deep c>m9e2 fle% yell[i%1 firm1 n fibr\s1 juicy1 sug>y1 slightly acidulat$2 fir/ quality2 season e>ly ,june4 ,big>reau ,c\rt ,pic\t ,htif4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,big>reau ,c\rt ,pic\t ,t>dif4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,big>reau ,dnniss54 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #af1 #ahi4 #ahgf4 ,dnniss5s gelbe ,knorpelkirs*e4 #b4 ,liegel ,sy/4 ,anleit4 #afb4 #ahbe4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3dd4 #aheh4 #d4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ade fig41 #adf4 #ahfj4 ,big>reau jaune de ,dniss54 #e4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cjd4 #ahff4 ,?is v>iety is a se$l+ f ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 nam$ = ! orig9ator2 x fruit$ fir/ ab\t #ahbd4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit atta*$ 9 twos1 sometimes ?rees1 l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate2 suture slight2 /em long1 r /\t2 cavity broad1 %all[2 sk9 glossy1 transp>5t1 yell[i%-orange :5 ripe2 fle% :iti%1 firm1 slightly fibr\s1 mod]ately juicy1 sug>y1 pleas+ly acidulat$2 fir/ quality2 pit l>ge1 ovoid1 plump2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june to ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,big>reau ,dor4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ae4 #ahie4 ,fruit yell[1 r\nd4 ,big>reau ,d\ble ,royale4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3aie fig41 #aif4 #ahgg4 ,knigli*e ,fleis*kirs*e4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3cd4 #aheh4 ,knigli*e ,h]zkirs*e4 #c4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #dfg fig41 #dfh4 #ahfa4 ,guigne ,royale4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cja4 #ahff4 ,! fact t ,ob]dieck receiv$ ?is v>iety f ! ,socit ,horticole de ,prague "u ! ,fr5* "n ,d\ble ,royale leads u to believe1 z does ,l]oy1 t x is ( ,fr5* r ?an ( ,au/rian orig9 z _m ,g]man writ]s hold4 ,tree vigor\s2 fruit usually borne 9 pairs1 l>ge1 cordate1 r abrupt at ! ends2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity %all[2 suture almo/ indi/9ct2 sk9 glossy1 r$di%-br[n to ne>ly black2 fle% mod]ately t5d]1 r$1 juicy1 v9\s1 sweet2 quality v good2 pit small1 ovoid1 turgid2 rip5s ab\t ! middle ( ,june4 ,big>reau ,dur4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #df4 #ahca4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce )\t description4 ,big>reau ,duranno4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3aia4 #ahgg4 ,?is v>iety is fir/ m5tion$ by ,l]oy 9 #ahfh1 appe>+ 9 8 catalog ( #ahge incorrectly z ,big>reau ,durac9o4 ,! trees are us$ = /ocks4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 unev52 suture n>r[2 /em long1 sl5d]2 sk9 deep r$ 9 ! sun2 fle% firm1 dry1 acidulat$1 sug>y2 matures e>ly 9 ,july4 ,big>reau ,galop94 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,big>reau ,glady4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bjf fig4 #ahgg4 ,?is v>iety 0 s5t f ! ,jum>d nurs]y ab\t #ahej to ,eugne ,glady1 ,bordeaux1 ,france4 ,fruit above m$ium 9 size1 cordate1 elongat$2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 set 9 a /raight1 deep cavity2 sk9 br[ni%-r$1 /rip$ ) c>m9e2 fle% a light rose color1 firm1 crisp1 juicy1 sug>y1 slightly acidulat$2 fir/ quality2 pit ( m$ium size2 rip5s ! fir/ ( ,june4 ,big>reau ,gr&4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #g3,no4 #ac1 ,pl4 #ac4 #ahga4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ae4 #ahie4 ,?is *]ry 0 introduc$ into ! vic9ity ( ,lyons1 ,france1 9 #ahdi by ,m4 ,gr& :o probably br\ght x f 8 nurs]ies 9 ,italy4 ,x has _m *>act]s 9 common ) ,lyons4 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 truncate at ! base2 suture wide1 deep2 /em m$ium1 /raight1 set 9 a wide1 deep cavity2 sk9 ?91 smoo?1 *ang+ f a :iti%-gre5 to a rose-r$ & lat] to a deep crimson2 fle% f9e1 half-t5d]1 rose-color$1 light] ne> pit1 ) pale juice1 sug>y1 aromatic2 good2 pit l>ge1 oval2 season v e>ly4 ,big>reau ,groll4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ace fig41 #acf4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bjg fig41 #bjh4 #ahgg4 ,grolls bunte ,knorpelkirs*e4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cbh1 #cbi4 #ahai4 ,big>reau blanc de ,groll4 #d4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag1 #ahb4 #ahie4 ,?is se$l+ f ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 be>+ ! "n ( its orig9ator1 has be5 kn[n & r widely writt5 ab\t s9ce e>ly 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,tree ( mod]ate vigor2 fruit g5]ally borne 9 pairs1 l>ge1 cordate1 truncate at ! base2 sides compress$ & m>k$ by a suture2 /em long1 set 9 a wide1 %all[ cavity2 sk9 r$1 becom+ d>k]1 spott$ & /reak$2 fle% yell[i%1 some:at firm1 juicy1 aromatic2 fir/ quality2 /one l>ge1 oval2 rip5s 9 ,june & hangs = a long "t4 ,big>reau ,gros ,noir de ,lu!r4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,big>reau ,htif de ,*ampagne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,f\nd at ,*ampagne1 ,a91 ,france1 & introduc$ 9 #ahgc by ,m4 ,f&on4 ,! tree is an erect1 vigor\s gr[]2 fruit l>ge1 br[ni%-black1 rip5+ two weeks be=e ,lyons2 ( little value4 ,big>reau ,htif de ,sa9t-,laud4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ajg1 #ajh1 fig4 #ed4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccg4 #ahhi4 ,fruit l>ge1 cordate1 slightly irregul> 9 outl9e2 /em r %ort1 set 9 a wide1 r\nd cavity2 sk9 cle> r$1 /rip$ ) deep] r$ *ang+ to purple2 fle% r t5d]1 t+$ r$1 ) abundant color$ juice1 sug>y1 v9\s2 good2 pit small1 ovoid1 slightly compress$2 matures ! middle ( ,june4 ,big>reau d',italie4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ajb-ajd1 #bai1 fig4 #ba4 #ahff4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3baa1 #bab fig4 #ahgg4 ,bohemian ,black ,big>reau4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #gf1 #id4 #ahff4 ,black ,bohemian4 #d4 ,fi% ,h>dy-,fr4 ,bk4 #b3ajd4 #ahhb4 ,?is old v>iety 0 mu* e/eem$ by ! ,italians & lat] by ! ,belgians :o grew x z e>ly z #ahae2 x is ( m rec5t introduction into ,france & ,engl&4 ,x is sometimes confus$ ) ! ,flor5ce ( ,hogg & ,d[n+4 ,fruit r\ndi%1 slightly he>t-%ap$1 flatt5$ at bo? ends2 suture di/9ct2 /em ?ick1 %ort1 ins]t$ 9 an acute1 deep cavity2 sk9 firm1 ?ick1 glossy1 v deep purple *ang+ to black2 fle% firm1 d>k1 juicy1 sug>y1 aromatic2 pit m$ium1 r\ndi%-oval1 convex1 suture & grooves prom95t2 season ! la/ two weeks ( ,june4 ,big>reau ,jacquet4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccg4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,big>reau ,jum>d4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict ,pom4 #e3 #bjf4 #ahgg4 ,m5tion$ z hav+ be5 receiv$ by ,eugne ,glady1 ,bordeaux1 ,gironde1 ,france1 9 a %ipm5t ( trees receiv$ ab\t #ahej f ! ,jum>d nurs]y4 ,big>reau ,krg]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bae1 #baf fig4 #ahgg4 ,big>reau noir de ,krg]4 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bb1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,krg]'s ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 #c4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cff4 #ahhi4 ,?is v>iety 0 introduc$ into ,france by ,m4 ,eugne ,glady1 #aheh1 f ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 & is ?\ght to h be5 orig9at$ by "o ( ! ,krg] family4 ,tree vigor\s1 be>s e>ly2 fruit l>ge to above1 cordate1 m or less r\ndi%1 faces compress$2 suture wide2 /em long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a l>ge cavity2 sk9 yell[i%-:ite1 m+l$ ) r$1 *ang+ to br[ni%2 fle% pale yell[1 r firm1 slightly fibr\s1 juicy1 sweet ?\gh sprightly2 pit l>ge1 elongat$-oval1 flat2 rip5s t[>d ! middle ( ,june4 ,big>reau ,legrey4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #gd4 #ahff4 ,a small1 cordate-%ap$ ,big>reau1 m curi\s ?an useful4 ,big>reau de ,lory4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bje4 #ahai4 ,big>reau de ,loire4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ z a m$ium-siz$1 d>k br[ni%-r$1 firm-fle%$ fruit4 ,big>reau ,m>jolet4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #g4 #ahie4 ,guigne ,m>jolet4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ace1 #acf1 fig4 #fh4 #ahhb4 #c4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfj4 #ahhi4 ,big>reau ,m>jeollais4 #d4 ,ibid4 #ccg4 #ahhi4 ,m>jolets ,knorpelkirs*e4 #e4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #eg4 #aijg4 ,! descriptions ( ! ,guigne ,m>jolet & ! ,big>reau ,m>jolet are id5tical & we h comb9$ ! two4 ,! v>iety 0 nam$ aft] its orig9ator1 ,m4 ,m>jolet2 tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 d>k r$2 fle% t5d]1 r$1 v9\s1 pleas+2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,big>reau ,mong94 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #dhb4 #aijd4 ,tree ( m$ium gr[?2 fruit m$ium 9 size1 cordate2 /em long1 ins]t$ 9 a deep cavity2 sk9 cle> yell[ blu%$ ) r$2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasant2 rip5s 9 ,july 9 ,canada4 ,big>reau ,mon/reuse de ,bavay4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bce4 #ahed4 ,spok5 (1 9 #ahed1 z promis+ b evid5tly x has be5 disc>d$ z no ref]5ce has be5 made to x s9ce t date4 ,x may be ,re9e ,hort5se4 ,big>reau ,moreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #eeb1 #eec1 ,pl4 #aiac4 ,?is *]ry rec5tly orig9at$ z a *ance se$l+ ne> ,lyons1 ,france1 sev]al p]sons claim+ ! honor ( its discov]y4 ,its value 0 discuss$ at ! meet+s ( ! ,socit ,pomologique de ,france 9 #aiji & #aiaa :5 x 0 adjudg$ by lead+ ,fr5* pomologi/s to be "o ( ! e>lie/ ( all v>ieties1 e>li] ?an ,lyons1 & %[+ high comm]cial possibilities4 ,tree h&some 9 type ( gr[?1 ) op51 some:at erect bran*es2 leaves l>ge1 deeply s]rate2 fruit v l>ge2 color beautiful cle> r$ becom+ d>k] at maturity2 fle% :ite1 break+1 v firm1 ) uncolor$ juice1 sweet1 v refre%+2 /one m$ium to small2 season 9 ,france v e>ly4 ,big>reau ,napolon ,noir4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 ,big>reau ,noir ,napolon ,,iii4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bbg fig41 #bbh4 #ahgg4 ,napolon ,noir4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cjg4 #ahhd4 ,h]zkirs*e ,napolon ,,iii4 #d4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfb4 #ahhi4 ,! orig9 ( ?is *]ry is unc]ta94 ,l]oy fir/ not$ x 9 ! ,simon-,l\is catalog 9 #ahfg4 ,to avoid confusion ) ! well-kn[n ,napoleon1 he add$ ! numb] ,,iii4 ,fruit usually atta*$ 9 pairs1 l>ge1 v>y+ f elongat$-oval to cyl9drical2 /em long1 set 9 a l>ge cavity2 color dull r$ *ang+ to deep m>oon2 fle% rose-color$1 mod]ately firm1 v juicy1 sweet2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,big>reau ,noir d',ecully4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cch4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #ebb4 #aijf4 ,ecully] ,knorpelkirs*e4 #c4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit m$ium 9 size1 black at maturity2 fle% firm1 crisp1 d>k1 v9\s1 sug>y1 juicy1 good2 late4 ,big>reau ,noir ,gros ,fruits4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,le ,bon ,j>d4 #cde4 #ahhb4 ,fruit l>ge1 flatt5$2 fle% firm1 sweet2 fir/ quality2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,june4 ,big>reau ,noir de ,he9tz54 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bb1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,he9tz5's 7,he9tze's7 ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 #b4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfb4 #ahhi4 ,?is is said to be a v good & productive *]ry rip5+ 9 ! fif? week ( ! *]ry season4 ,big>reau ,noir de ,tabor4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ai1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,tabors s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 #b4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #gi fig41 #hj4 #ahfj4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright2 fruit ( m$ium size1 cordate1 (t5 obtuse2 sides compress$2 suture b a l9e2 /em m$ium long2 cavity v>iable2 sk9 glossy1 d>k r$di%-br[n2 fle% firm1 d>k r$1 sweet1 ri*2 /one small1 r\ndi%2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,big>reau d',octobre4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bdc4 #aheh4 ,oktob]-,knorpelkirs*e4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ch4 #aheh4 ,?is v>iety 0 refus$ a place on ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society's fruit li/ 9 #aheh4 ,fruit small1 oval to r\ndi%-cordate1 flatt5$ at ! cavity2 /em %ort2 sk9 black1 glossy2 /one l>ge1 oval2 good4 ,big>reau de l',once4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aij4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3e1 #f1 fig4 #c4 #ahhb4 ,x is ?\ght t ?is v>iety orig9at$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,nice1 ,alpes-,m>itimes1 ,france4 ,fruit v l>ge1 elongat$-cordate2 suture di/9ct on "o side1 a color$ l9e on ! o!r side2 /em v long1 sl5d]2 cavity deep1 l>ge2 sk9 a cle> *]ry-r$ on a yell[ gr\nd2 fle% yell[i%1 crisp1 firm1 sweet1 refre%+1 ) abundant1 uncolor$ juice2 quality good2 pit l>ge2 season ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,big>reau ,p\rpr4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,gros ,big>reau p\rpr4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3bab1 #bae1 #bah4 #ahff4 ,tree vigor\s2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate2 sk9 deep r$di%-br[n2 fle% firm1 good2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,big>reau ,pr9tani] d',oull9s4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,big>reau ,rev]*on4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3acc4 #ahff4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bce fig41 #chb4 #ahgg4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bhe4 #ahhd4 ,m4 ,paul ,rev]*on introduc$ ?is v>iety ab\t #ahee1 into ,france f ,italy1 :]e x _h long be5 kn[n ab\t ,flor5ce z ,big>reau ,papal4 ,tree vigor\s1 mod]ately productive2 fruit atta*$ 9 ones or twos1 l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 m>k$ di/9ctly on "o side by ! suture2 /em ?ick1 %ort1 set 9 a prom95t cavity2 sk9 smoo?1 glossy1 t\gh1 rose-yell[ /reak$ ) purple 9 ! sun & ) r$ 9 ! %ade2 fle% light r$1 crisp1 fibr\s1 mod]ately juicy1 r sweet2 pit small1 ovoid1 plump2 season ! la/ ( ,june to ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,big>reau ,ri*elieu4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bce1 #bcf fig4 #ahgg4 ,?is v>iety1 says ,l]oy1 0 introduc$ into ,france f ,nikita1 ,crimea1 ,russia1 ab\t #aheh4 ,fruit borne 9 pairs1 l>ge1 elongat$-cordate1 ) "o side flatt5$2 /em long1 ins]t$ 9 a small mamelonat$ cavity2 sk9 glossy1 yell[i%-amb]1 ) a rose-color$ blu% 9 ! sun2 fle% firm1 break+1 filam5tose1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 fir/ quality2 /one ( m$ium size1 elongat$-cordate2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,big>reau ,rosa4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bci fig4 #ahgg4 ,tree mod]ately productive2 fruit usually borne 9 pairs1 l>ge1 elongat$-cordate1 faces flatt5$2 suture wide1 deep2 /em long1 r /\t1 set 9 a wide cavity2 sk9 yell[i% on rose-color$ gr\nd1 amply wa%$ ) brilliant r$ on :i* are scatt]$ small1 :ite dots2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 firm1 compact1 filam5tose1 juicy1 uncolor$1 r sug>y1 acidulat$1 aromatic2 second quality2 pit l>ge1 turgid2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,big>reau ,rose ,dragon4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #if4 #ahgg4 ,report$ by ! ,committee on ,=eign ,fruits 9 #ahgg z wor?y ( trial b n gr[n at pres5t4 ,fruit l>ge1 pale yell[1 ) a r$ *eek2 fle% firm1 juicy1 sweet1 good2 season ! middle ( ,july4 ,big>reau de ,s*reck54 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,s*reck5s ,kirs*e4 #b4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgg4 #ahhi4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate2 br[ni%-black1 glossy2 fle% mod]ately firm2 fir/ quality2 matures 9 mid-,june4 ,big>reau ,/ri4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aad1 #aae1 #bjh4 #ahff4 ,fruit l>ge1 elongat$-cordate1 faces compress$2 suture wide2 /em %ort1 r /\t2 sk9 _m %ades ( r$ & purple on a rose-color$ gr\nd ) fle%-color$ spots2 fle% r$di%1 firm1 crisp1 sweet2 juice slightly color$2 quality fair2 /one small2 season e>ly2 det]iorates rapidly4 ,big>reau de ,trie4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #ac4 #ahhg4 ,orig9 unkn[n1 b r widely cultivat$ ar\nd ,trie1 ,hautes-,prynes1 ,france4 ,tree vigor\s2 fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%1 compress$1 slightly cordate2 /em long1 sl5d]2 sk9 t\gh1 deep r$1 transp>5t1 ) a slight blu% ( amb]2 fle% :iti%-yell[1 v firm1 juicy1 uncolor$1 sug>y1 aromatic2 good2 season e>ly ,july4 ,big>reau ,tro*ets4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 ,an extremely productive v>iety di/ribut$ 9 "s p>ts ( ,france2 fruit l>ge1 r$2 fle% brittle2 rip5s 9 late ,june4 ,big>reau ,turca4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bdg1 #bdh fig4 #ahgg4 ,?is old *]ry 0 describ$ 9 #aghe z ,heaume ,r\ge b 0 f\nd 9 #ahfb by ,l]oy 9 ,flor5ce1 ,italy1 z ,big>reau ,turca by :i* "n x 0 well kn[n4 ,x is probably n ( ,turki% orig9 z ! "n w\ld indicate4 ,fruit (t5 borne 9 pairs1 l>ge1 obtuse-cordate2 suture noticeable b n deep2 /em %ort2 cavity spaci\s2 color deep r$1 lightly spott$ ) gray2 fle% r firm1 fibr\s1 mottl$ ) light r$ becom+ d>k] ne> ! pit1 juicy1 sweet1 sprightly2 pit l>ge1 ovoid1 plump2 rip5s late 9 ,june4 ,big>reau de ,walpurgis4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bej fig4 #ahgg4 ,/4 ,walpurgiskirs*e4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ce4 #aheh4 ,walpurgiskirs*e4 #c4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #da fig41 #db4 #ahfg4 ,c]ise ,walpurgis4 #d4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3aeg1 #aeh1 fig4 #gg4 #ahff-gc4 ,?is v>iety is a se$l+ f ! village ( ,walpurgisburg1 ne> ,cologne1 ,g]many1 orig9at+ ab\t #ahde4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit atta*$ 9 pairs1 v l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 compress$2 suture %all[1 ext5d+ entirely ar\nd ! fruit2 /em sl5d]1 r long2 cavity wide1 %all[1 sides only slightly rais$2 sk9 firm1 adh]5t1 glossy1 d>k *]ry-r$ *ang+ to almo/ black2 fle% firm1 d>k r$1 juicy1 aromatic1 v9\s2 pit ( m$ium size1 oval1 d>k r$2 rip5s late 9 ,july4 ,big>reau de ,zeisb]g4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,zeisb]gis*e ,kirs*e4 #b4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ca fig41 #cb4 #ahfg4 ,c]ise de ,zeisb]g4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ce1 #cf1 fig4 #ah4 #ahhb4 ,ob]dieck receiv$ ?is v>iety1 :i* be>s ! "n ( its orig9ator1 f ,hanov]1 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 9 #aheg4 ,fruit v l>ge1 obtuse-cordate2 suture wide1 flat on ! dorsal side1 ext5d+ slightly beyond ! apex2 /em long1 r sl5d]1 set 9 a fl>+ cavity2 sk9 glossy1 br[ni%-black1 lat] becom+ black1 adh]+ to ! pulp2 fle% firm1 d>k r$1 juicy1 pleasant1 ) an aromatic sweetness :5 mature2 season ! la/ ( ,june4 ,big>reau ,zs*$[itz] ,s*w>ze4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bc4 #ahgf4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,big>reauti] ,petit ,fruit ,noir4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejc4 #ahfj4 ,a m$iocre b productive *]ry rip5+ 9 ,augu/4 ,big>reauti] ,petit ,fruit ,rose4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejc4 #ahfj4 ,a v>iety rais$ f se$ 9 #ahbd2 tree vigor\s2 /em long2 fle% t5d]1 :ite1 sug>y2 quality fair2 ,july4 ,bill & ,coo4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ded4 #ahfi4 ,two lov]s made ! orig9al tree _! haunt1 h5ce1 ! "n ,bill & ,coo4 ,?is v>iety orig9at$ on ! gr\nds ( ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 regul> he>t-%ap$1 flatt5$ at ! apex2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity deep2 suture broad on "o side1 ! opposite side knobby2 color amb]-yell[1 m>bl$ ) cle> r$2 fle% ri*1 delicate1 sweet2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,june4 ,bism>ck4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hoopes1 ,bro4 ,?omas ,cat4 #bj4 #aijg4 ,?is v>iety is a ,sweet ,*]ry f ne> ,baltimore1 ,m>yl&4 ,fruit v l>ge1 d>k r$1 firm1 sweet1 juicy & ri*2 vigor\s & productive2 rip5s ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,black ,am]ican4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 ,li/$ )\t description 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,black ,big>reau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce1 #cg1 #ch4 #agga4 #b4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acj4 #ahcb4 ,big>reau htif4 #c4 ,le ,bond ,j>d4 #cde4 #ahhb4 ,big>reau noir ,htif4 #d4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bhe4 #ahhd4 ,black ,big>reau is an old v>iety ( unkn[n orig9 q di/9ct f any o!rs ( its class4 ,tree productive2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 obscurely flatt5$2 /em long2 sk9 at fir/ dott$ ) r$1 lat] becom+ black1 glossy2 fle% firm1 r dry1 ) d>k color$ juice1 break+1 sweet2 n high 9 quality2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june & ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,black ,big>reau ( ,savoy4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahe4 #ahde4 #b4 ,ibid4 #bef4 #aheg4 ,new ,l>ge ,black ,big>reau4 #c4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bcd1 #bce4 #ahda4 #d4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahe4 #ahde4 #e4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #af3ech fig41 #eci4 #ahej4 ,l>ge ,black ,big>reau ( ,savoy4 #f4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bea4 #ahdb4 ,wal% ,se$l+4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aif1 #aig4 #ahed4 ,big>reau noir de ,savoie4 #h4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3cc1 #cd1 fig4 #ae4 #ahff-gc4 ,! orig9al tree ( ?is v>iety 0 br\ght f ! s\? ( ,france by ! fa!r ( ,george ,wal%1 ,*>le/[n1 ,massa*usetts4 ,! tree came into be>+ ab\t #ahdj4 ,9 #ahda1 fruits 7 exhibit$ f trees introduc$ into ,am]ican collections f ,italy z ,new ,l>ge ,black ,big>reau1 & 7 ?\ght by sev]al p to be ! ,black ,big>reau ( ,savoy4 ,until #aheg1 all writ]s held ^! two v>ieties to be di/9ct b ,d[n+ !n decl>$ !m to be ! same & on 8 au?ority we comb9e ! two4 ,tree vigor\s1 h&some2 fruit l>ge1 regul>1 cordate1 slightly obtuse2 /em long1 r /\t1 set 9 a n>r[1 ev5 cavity2 sk9 smoo?1 n v glossy1 ne>ly black :5 mature2 fle% d>k purpli%-r$1 firm1 juicy1 sweet1 ri*1 slightly adh]5t to ! /one2 pit r l>ge2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,black ,hung>ian ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,a r\nd1 black ,guigne ( second quality ) t5d]1 transp>5t fle%2 us$ = dess]t4 ,black ,m>g>et4 ,species8 #a4 ,watk9s ,cat4 #cb4 #ahib4 ,describ$ z a f9e1 black1 v late1 ,engli% *]ry4 ,black ,prolific4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,black ,spani%4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #agg-ahj4 #ahai4 ,s*w>ze od] ,spte ,h]zkirs*e4 #c4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #fj1 #fa4 #agij4 ,spani%4 #d4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bag4 #ahce4 ,s*w>ze ,spanis*e ,knorpelkirs*e4 #e4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3cg4 #aheh4 ,big>reau noir d',espagne4 #f4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bc1 #ahi4 #ahgf4 ,?is is an old v>iety fir/ m5tion$ by ! ,engli% & 9 all probability is ( ,engli% orig94 ,x has be5 greatly confus$ by "s ,g]man writ]s ) o!r black *]ries b ,tru*sess ma9ta9s t if plac$ beside ! ,grosse ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e & ! ,grosse ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e mit ,fe/em ,fleis*e1 ! two ) :i* x is mo/ (t5 confus$1 diff]5ces c\ld be not$ especially z to firmness ( fle% & smallness ( pit4 ,fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 compress$2 suture di/9ct2 /em sl5d]1 %ort2 cavity small1 smoo?1 %all[2 sk9 d>k r$di%-br[n *ang+ to black1 light] along ! suture2 fle% m t5d] ?an 9 mo/ h>d-fle%$ sorts1 d>k r$1 sweet2 /one small1 adh]+ be=e fully mature1 color$2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july or e>li]4 ,black ,turkey ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,watk9s ,cat4 #cb4 #ahib4 ,fruit l>ge1 black1 late2 suitable = m>ket & home use4 ,blasse ,johanni ,kirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bc4 #ahgf4 ,receiv$ by ,?omas ) a recomm5dation f ,b>on ,emanuel ,trautt5b]g ( ,prague4 ,bocage4 ,species8 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,?is v>iety is said1 9 ,guide ,pratique1 #ahie1 to be simil> to ,c>nation1 a ,s\r ,*]ry1 :ile ,?omas says x is simil> to ,re9e ,hort5se1 a hybrid sort4 ,bohemian ,que54 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,c4 ,hort4 #ac3ajd4 #ahij4 ,?is v>iety is said to come true to se$2 to be simil> 9 fruit-*>act]s to ,o/heim1 ?\gh l>g] & m fle%y2 to be productive & a *]ry ( good flavor2 & to succe$ well 9 moi/ l&4 ,bon ,bon4 ,species8 #a4 ,*ilds ,cat4 #aec fig4 #ahic4 ,a v e>ly1 l>ge1 d>k r$1 juicy *]ry2 %ips well & be>s regul>ly4 ,book4 ,species8 #a4 ,pa4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,rpt4 ,pt4 #a3dbg4 #aijb4 ,?is is a local v>iety recomm5d$ by ,john ,weitzel1 ,be!sda1 ,lanca/] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 d>k r$2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,bopp>d4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #dae4 #ahii4 ,bopp>d's ,e>ly4 #b4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3eh4 #aijj4 ,bopp>d] ,frhkirs*e4 #c4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,tree vigor\s2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate2 sk9 glossy1 d>k r$2 fle% r$1 firm1 juicy1 sweet4 ,boquet ,morello4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gh4 #ahij4 ,am>elle ,boquet4 #b4 ,ibid4 #cca4 #ahhe4 #c4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aaj4 #aijj4 ,?is is "o ( ,budd's importations ( #ahhc1 accord+ to ! ?ird ref]5ce4 ,x is (t5 confus$ ) ! ,boquet ,am>elle ( ! ,fr5*4 ,! fruit resembles ,e>ly ,ri*mond 9 size1 %ape1 season & color1 diff]+ only 9 its fle% be+ m firm1 its pit small]1 & ! tree less productive2 ( no value comm]cially4 ,boreatton4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bae4 #ahed4 ,a small1 r\ndi%-cordate1 ne>ly black ,sweet ,*]ry1 ) half-t5d] fle%2 poor quality2 rip5s 9 mid-,july4 ,b\ghton ,e>ly ,black ,duke4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,b\lebonn] ,kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #dg fig41 #dh4 #ahfg4 ,big>reau ,htif ,b\lbon4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ajc1 #ajd1 fig4 #eb4 #ahhb4 ,?is *]ry 0 introduc$ into ,belgium f ,france "s ye>s previ\s to #ahfg4 ,tree n vigor\s1 b productive2 fruit l>ge1 broadly cordate1 v>iable 9 size & =m1 sides compress$2 suture di/9ct1 deepe/ ne> ! cavity2 apex slightly depress$2 /em sl5d]1 usually long1 set 9 a wide1 %all[ cavity2 sk9 a glossy1 rose-r$ color ) a yell[i% t+e1 dott$ & /reak$ ) cle> blood-r$ & wa%$ ) d>k purpli%-r$2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 r$di%-:ite "u ! sk91 firm1 juicy1 ri*1 pleas+2 /one l>ge1 oval1 some:at flatt5$1 ) a %ort po9t2 p>tially cl++2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june &1 accord+ to ,ob]dieck1 hangs dur+ wet seasons )\t crack+4 ,b\nt ,dantzic4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,b\quet-,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bc4 #aheh4 #b4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #g fig41 #h4 #ahfg4 ,! tree ( ?is v>iety has ! gr[? ( a ,sweet ,*]ry ) small1 black1 ,he>t fruits borne l ! clu/] *]ries1 "o1 two1 ?ree & f\r on ! /em4 ,! s+le fruits are r\ndi%-cordate1 ) flatt5$ ends :ile ! d\ble & triple fruits are m n>r[ & elongat$2 ! fruit matures unev5ly1 hav+ gre51 r$ & black fruits at ! same "t2 pit r\ndi%-oval1 slightly po9t$ at ! base1 some:at l>g] 9 ! d\ble fruits4 ,b\quetwei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bia4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #eai1 #ebj1 #eba4 #ahai4 ,?is *]ry 0 receiv$ by ,tru*sess 9 #agif f ,may] "u ! "n ,b\quet-kirs*e4 ,_m ( ! fl[]s h six1 sev51 eight1 & occasionally z high z twelve petals1 ) two or ?ree pi/ils4 ,fruit usually v small1 atta*$ to a long1 /iff1 woody /em %all[ly ins]t$2 r\nd1 flatt5$ b5ea?2 suture %all[2 fle% & juice r$di%-black1 ) a bitt]i%-s\r flavor1 :i* x loses if all[$ to rema9 on ! tree2 pit ( m$ium size4 ,b\ssieu] ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,a v>iegat$ ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,b[]s' ,se$l+s4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3fd4 #aijc4 ,?ree se$l+s orig9at$ ) ,john ,b[]s1 ,sig\rney1 ,i[a4 ,no4 #a4--;,fruit m$ium1 d>k r$2 juice colorless2 quality fair4 ,no4 #b4--,tree h>dy2 be>s regul>ly2 fruit l>ge1 oblate1 r\ndi%2 /em long1 sl5d]2 sk9 d>k r$2 juice colorless2 fair 9 quality2 late4 ,no4 #c4--;,fruit l>ge1 r$ to d>k r$2 juice slightly color$1 mild subacid2 ( v good quality4 ,b[y] ,e>ly ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 #b4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bcd4 #ahda4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ae1 #af1 fig4 #h4 #ahhb4 ,boy]'s ,e>ly4 #d4 ,hoop] ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #bfi4 #aheg4 #e4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #ffe4 #ahig4 ,rob]ts' ,r$4 #f4 ,hoop] ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #bfi4 #aheg4 ,?is v>iety probably orig9at$ 9 ,engl& ne>ly a c5tury ago4 ,"s writ]s confuse x ) ,e>ly ,:ite ,he>t b ! two are und\bt$ly di/9ct4 ,tree vigor\s1 r\nd-topp$1 h>dy1 productive2 fruit m$ium 9 size1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly compress$2 cavity %all[1 wide2 suture di/9ct2 /em v>iable 9 l5g?2 sk9 ( m$ium ?ickness1 pale amb]-yell[ ov]spread ) light r$2 fle% :iti%1 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 sprightly1 refre%+2 v good 9 quality2 /one ( m$ium size1 %ort-ovate1 plump1 blunt at ! apex2 season e>ly4 ,boyd ,e>ly ,black4 ,species8 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ach4 #ahha4 ,m5tion$ 9 a report f ,ohio z a v>iety ( great sup]iority & value4 ,br&on4 ,p4 pumila4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #cec4 #ahif4 ,a prolific se$l+ ( ,prunus pumila2 introduc$ by ! ,manitoba ,/ation4 ,br&yw9e4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,horticulturi/ ,n4 ,s4 #e3dib1 ,pl4 #ahee4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #beh4 #aheg4 ,john ,r4 ,br9ckle1 ,wilm+ton1 ,delaw>e1 produc$ ?is v>iety f a se$ ( ,:ite ,big>reau gr[n ne> ,may ,duke4 ,x fruit$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahea4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+1 productive2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%1 obtuse-cordate2 suture indi/9ct2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity %all[1 small2 sk9 yell[i%1 mottl$ & m>bl$ ) light crimson1 glossy2 fle% semi-transp>5t1 t5d]1 v juicy1 sprightly1 acidul\s2 /one r l>ge2 season ! la/ ( ,june2 recomm5d$ = cul9>y uses4 ,brant4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aia fig4 #ahed4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #beh4 #aheg4 ,brant 0 gr[n by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 ab\t ! middle ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 f a pit ( ,yell[ ,spani%4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 unev51 sides slightly compress$2 /em m$ium1 set 9 an angul> cavity2 sk9 ?91 lively purpli%-r$ *ang+ to d>k purpli%2 fle% d>k purpli%-r$ ) indi/9ct :ite l9es radiat+ f ! c5t]1 t5d]1 ) abundant1 color$ juice1 sweet & ri*ly flavor$2 pit m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-oval1 ne>ly smoo?2 season f ! middle ( ,june to ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,brass+ton4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,call ,cat4 #e1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a *ance se$l+ f\nd 9 ,oceana ,c\nty1 ,mi*igan4 ,fruit l>ge1 d>k r$1 sprightly subacid2 rip5s ) ,e>ly ,ri*mond2 productive4 ,braunau] ,glaskirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,liegel ,sy/4 ,anleit4 #afh4 #ahbe4 ,braunau] ,am>elle4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3gb4 #aheh4 ,?is v>iety orig9at$ ab\t #ahbe4 ,tree l>ge1 mod]ately productive1 ) l>ge1 ,s\r ,*]ry leaves4 ,(t5 class$ z an ,am>elle because ( ! resemblance 9 ! bran*es4 ,fruit v l>ge1 r\nd1 compress$2 suture di/9ct2 /em v long1 %all[ly ins]t$2 color d>k r$1 r cl\dy2 fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 juicy1 pleas+ subacid :5 fully ripe2 /one ( m$ium size2 rip5s 9 ,augu/4 ,braune ,soodkirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhg4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ehc1 #ehd1 #ehe4 #ahai4 ,tree ( m$ium gr[?2 bran*es droop+2 fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 flatt5$1 slightly depress$2 /em long1 set 9 a r deep cavity2 sk9 br[ni%-r$2 fle% d>k r$ at ! /one becom+ cle> r$ b5ea? ! sk91 t5d]1 ) abundant1 r$ juice1 pleas+ subacid2 /one r\ndi%-elongat$1 "o-half an in* long2 season ! la/ ( ,july4 ,braune ,spanis*e ,kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bge4 #ahjb4 ,spte braune ,spanis*e ,h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffj4 #agig4 ,braune ,spanis*e ,h]zkirs*e4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bb4 #aheh4 ,?is *]ry diff]s f ! black ,he>ts 9 be+ small]1 m compress$ & sweet]1 ! fle% s(t] & m melt+4 ,tree small1 productive2 fruit small1 r\ndi%1 compress$ on bo? sides2 black1 some:at r$ on "o side2 rip5s at ! end ( ,june4 ,braunrote ,wei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #edd1 #ede4 #ahai4 ,braune ro! ,sau]kirs*e4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhi4 #ahjb4 ,griotte r\ge fonc4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cjf4 #ahff4 ,?is v>iety 0 f\nd 9 ,b]nburg1 ,prussia1 ,g]many4 ,x is di/+ui%$ f ! o!r ,s\r ,*]ries rip5+ ) x by its l+]+ br[ni%-r$ color1 its pleas+1 mild s\rness1 its t5d] fle%1 & by its wood4 ,tree n l>ge1 mak+ a close gr[?1 productive2 bran*es erect2 fruit bun*-l1 l>ge1 almo/ r\nd1 flatt5$ at ! ends1 sides slightly compress$2 /em long1 /\t1 ins]t$ 9 a r wide1 deep cavity2 color rema9s br[ni%-r$ = q a p]iod1 lat] becom+ almo/ black2 fle% t5d]1 ) abundant1 color$ juice1 pleas+ly s\r2 /one egg-%ap$1 almo/ oval2 season ! la/ ( ,july4 ,briggs ,sweet4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,gre5-,riv] ,nur4 ,cat4 #bb4 #ahii4 ,briggs ,sweet 0 rais$ f se$ 9 ! g>d5 ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,briggs1 ,s\? ,union1 ,k5tucky1 :]e x has fruit$ = tw5ty ye>s4 ,! tree is ?rifty1 a regul> be>] & resembles ,wood 9 appe>ance ( bo? tree & fruit b is mu* h>di]4 ,br9dilles4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #dbd4 #aijc4 ,?is is a vigor\s *]ry ) a l[1 sl5d] habit ( gr[?1 bloom+ ! middle ( ,june & rip5+ late 9 ,augu/4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 r\nd1 depress$ or oblate2 /em long1 set 9 a n>r[ cavity2 sk9 light1 cle> r$2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sprightly4 ,br[n ,be/4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,br[n ,bros4 ,cat4 #bd4 #aijj4 ,br[n ,be/ 0 introduc$ "s tw5ty-five ye>s ago by ,br[n ,bro!rs1 ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 hav+ be5 budd$ f an old tree4 ,fruit l>ge1 d>k r$1 t5d]1 s\r1 ri*2 quality good2 v late2 productive4 ,br[n ,se$l+4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bad4 #ahed4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #deg4 #ahfi4 ,orig9at$ 9 ,connecticut4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright2 fruit m$ium 9 size1 obtuse-cordate1 compress$ ) a l9e & a light suture2 cavity broad2 sk9 :iti%1 %ad$ & mottl$ ) r$2 fle% half-t5d]1 juicy1 sweet2 quality fair2 season e>ly ,july4 ,buckatzs* ,weisse ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bgg1 #bgh1 #fgg1 #fgh4 #ahai4 ,a m$ium-siz$ *]ry ( fair quality f ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 :]e x fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahaf4 ,buckatzs* ,weisse ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cda1 #fhe4 #ahai4 ,?is is ano!r se$l+ f ,prussia1 ,g]many2 /em ( m$ium l5g?2 fle% some:at t5d] & light4 ,budd ,no4 #ecc4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3ad4 #aiaj4 ,?is is probably a ,russian se$l+ s5t out by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 ,ames1 ,i[a4 ,tree small1 r\nd-topp$1 ) sl5d]1 recumb5t bran*es2 foliage scant1 mo/ly on ! tips ( ! bran*es2 fruit v l>ge1 r\ndi% he>t-%ap$2 /em %ort1 ?ick2 sk9 t\gh1 ?91 d>k1 mottl$ r$2 fle% firm1 yell[1 slightly /a9$ ) r$1 a/r+5t1 subacid2 quality fair2 /one l>ge1 r\nd2 season ! la/ ( ,july4 ,buffalo4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 #ac3aej4 #ahga4 ,?is *]ry 0 receiv$ f ,buffalo1 ,new ,york1 by ,smiley ,%ep>d ( ,h5nep51 ,ill9ois1 9 ! fifties4 ,! fruit ) him prov$ v h>dy & productive & promis$ to become a valuable sweet v>iety = prairie or*>ds4 ,mr4 ,%ep>d s5t cions to diff]5t localities = te/+ b no?+ has be5 he>d fur!r ab\t ! v>iety4 ,bunte ,morello4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ai3eea4 #ahib4 #b4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgc4 #aijc4 ,?is is n a ,morello1 ?\gh gr[n 9 ,nor? ,silesia "u ?is "n4 ,tree vigor\s & h>dy1 b a late bloom]2 fruit l>ge1 cordate1 r$di%2 fle% light-color$1 juicy4 ,burbank4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,burbank ,cat4 #d1 #ai4 #aiaa4 ,burbank ,e>ly4 #b4 ,leon>d ,coates ,cat4 #aiaa4 ,?is is ano!r ( ,burbank's *]ries1 trees ( :i* h n yet fruit$ at ! ,/ation4 ,trees describ$ z vigor\s1 sure cropp]s2 foliage v l>ge2 fruit v l>ge1 attractive deep crimson2 season v e>ly4 ,its l>ge leaves1 x is claim$1 protect ! fruit f ! birds & f crack+ dur+ late spr+ ra9s4 ,bur*>dts ,s*w>ze ,ros5obel4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #aff1 #afg1 #ahai4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ia1 #ib1 fig4 #df4 #ahhb4 ,?is *]ry 0 rais$ by ! ,g]man pomologi/ ,bur*>dt f a se$ ( ,ros5obel4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 obtuse-cordate2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?1 set 9 a deep1 /raight cavity2 sk9 purple1 *ang+ to almo/ black2 fle% purple1 r t5d]1 juice slightly color$1 sweet2 fir/ quality2 season ! fir/ ( ,june4 ,burghley ,p>k4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #bbi1 #bcj4 #ahgj4 #b4 ,g>d4 ,*ron4 #ajeg4 #ahgj4 ,burghley ,p>k is a se$l+1 rais$ by ,r4 ,gilb]t1 ,burghley ,p>k1 ,/an=d1 ,engl&2 x 0 plac$ on ! li/ ( new fruits ( ! ,royal ,horticultural ,society 9 ,july1 #ahga4 ,!re is a "q z to :e!r x is di/9ct1 "s believ+ x to be ,re9e ,hort5se4 ,fruit v l>ge1 usually oval1 (t5 flatt5$1 ) an obscure suture2 /em long1 r sl5d]2 sk9 v ?91 transp>5t1 a brilliant d>k r$ if left hang+2 fle% dull yell[i%-r$1 ve9$ or nett$1 v juicy1 melt+1 ) a pleas+ a/r+5cy2 rip5s 9 mid-season4 ,burr4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bcc4 #ahdi4 #b4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdb4 #ahhi4 ,semis de ,burr4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3afc1 #afd1 fig4 #hj4 #ahff-gc4 ,burr orig9at$ ab\t #ahdd1 ) ,z]a ,burr1 ( ,p]r9ton1 ,new ,york4 ,tree vigor\s1 erect1 r\nd-topp$1 v productive1 n always h>dy2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 obtuse-cordate ) a po9t$ apex2 /em long1 sl5d]2 sk9 ?91 mottl$ ) light & d>k r$2 fle% :iti%1 r t5d]1 juicy1 sprightly1 agreeably sweet2 v good 9 quality2 /one small1 irregul>ly ovate1 %ort1 ?ick2 rip5s 9 e>ly mid-season4 ,bttn] ,gelbe ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cfa1 #cfb1 #cfc4 #ahai4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3abi1 #acj fig4 #ca4 #ahff4 #c4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bad fig41 #bae4 #ahgg4 ,bttn]'s ,yell[4 #d4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahe4 #ahde4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bj4 #ahge4 ,wa*sknorpelkirs*e4 #f4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3dd1 #de4 #aheh4 ,bttn]1 at ,halle1 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 rais$ ?is *]ry z a se$l+ & x is probably sup]ior to any ( ! v>ieties orig9at$ by ?is horticulturi/4 ,x fruit$ = ! fir/ "t ab\t #ahjj & 0 introduc$ %ortly aft]4 ,x 0 gr[n 9 ,am]ica z ,bttn]'s ,yell[ 9 ! fir/ half ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury & 0 li/$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society's fruit catalog 9 #ahge b 0 dropp$ 9 #ahii4 ,tree /rong1 vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 flatt5$ at ! base2 suture indi/9ct2 /em ?ick1 ins]t$ 9 a broad1 %all[ cavity2 sk9 firm1 ?ick1 pale yell[1 slightly spott$ ) br[ni%-r$2 fle% pale yell[1 firm1 break+1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic1 ) a ri*1 lively flavor2 quality good2 /one small1 r\ndi%-ovate1 free2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,bttn] ,ro! ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bcf1 #bcg4 #ahai4 ,bttn]'s ro! ,molk5kirs*e4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bi4 #aheh4 ,ano!r se$l+ rais$ by ,bttn] ab\t #agig & lat] te/$ by ,tru*sess4 ,tree vigor\s1 v productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 he>t-%ap$1 ) sides some:at compress$2 /em long2 sk9 yell[i%-:ite m+l$ ) cle> r$1 sometimes d>k r$2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 v s(t1 juicy1 sweet2 quality fair2 /one small1 he>t-%ap$2 matures ! fir/ half ( ,july4 ,bttn] ,ro! ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bii1 #cjj1 #cja4 #ahai4 ,bttn]'s ro! ,m>morkirs*e4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3dc4 #aheh4 ,big>reau r\ge de ,bttn]4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3acb4 #ahff4 #d4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bdj fig41 #bda4 #ahgg4 ,gr[n f se$ ab\t #agie1 by ,bttn]4 ,bttn] ,spte ,rote1 "o ( ,bttn]'s se$l+s is simil> to ?is "o4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 ) a %all[ suture2 sk9 ?ick1 lively r$ on "o side & %ad$ ) c>m9e on ! o!r2 fle% yell[i%1 firm1 break+1 /rongly adh]+ to ! pit1 sweet1 aromatic2 quality good2 /one ( m$ium size1 r\nd2 matures ! la/ ( ,june or ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,bttn] ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #abb1 #abc1 #abd4 #ahai4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjd1 #bje4 #ahed4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3fd fig41 #fe1 #ff4 #ahff4 ,bttn]'s s*w>ze neue ,h]zkirs*e4 #d4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bge4 #ahjb4 ,big>reau ,noir ,bttn]4 #e4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bbb fig4 #ahgg4 ,/ill ano!r v>iety obta9$ f se$ by ,bttn] 9 #agie4 ,) sev]al o!rs x 0 s5t to ,tru*sess1 ab\t #ahja1 = te/+4 ,tree /rong1 vigor\s1 erect1 h>dy1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 compress$2 suture prom95t2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 set 9 a deep cavity2 sk9 firm1 glossy1 deep r$di%-black2 fle% d>k r$1 mod]ately firm1 juicy1 sweet & pleasant2 quality good2 /one ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-oval2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,bttn] ,s*w>ze ,sau]kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fja1 #fjb1 #fjc4 #ahai4 ,bttn]'s s*w>ze neue ,sau]kirs*e4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhi4 #ahjb4 ,rais$ f se$ by ,bttn] & s5t to ,tru*sess = te/+ ab\t #agig4 ,fruit r\nd1 ( m$ium size1 glossy1 black2 fle% firm1 r$1 mod]ately juicy1 agreeably acid2 quality fair2 rip5s 9 ,augu/4 ,bttn] ,spte ,ro! ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cbi1 #ccj1 #fhb1 #fhc4 #ahai4 ,bttn]'s h>te ,m>morkirs*e4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3dc4 #aheh4 ,big>reau ,r\ge ,t>dif de ,bttn]4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aa1 #ab1 fig4 #f4 #ahhb4 ,bttn]'s ,late ,r$4 #d4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m4 ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3ei4 #aijj4 ,ano!r se$l+ rais$ by ,bttn] e>ly 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury & q simil> to ,bttn] ,rote1 except 9 its "t ( rip5+1 :i* is lat]4 ,tree ( m$ium vigor1 erect2 fruit l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 flatt5$ at ! base1 compress$ at ! apex2 suture m$ium 9 dep?2 sk9 ?ick & firm1 yell[i%-:ite m+l$ ) r$1 *ang+ to d>k r$2 fle% yell[i%1 firm1 break+1 sweet1 aromatic1 ) abundant1 uncolor$ juice2 quality good2 /one l>ge1 oval1 slightly cl++ to ! fle%2 matures ! la/ ( ,july4 ,bttn] ,spte ,wei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #eca fig41 #ecb4 #ahfa4 ,bttn]'s ,septemb] und ,octob]wei*sel4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fji4 #ahai4 ,bttn]'s ,octob] ,zuck] ,wei*sel4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 ,bttn]'s ,sehrspte4 #d4 ,ibid4 #dg4 #ahca4 ,bttn]'s ,octob] ,morello4 #e4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aic1 #aid4 #ahde4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,griotte ,t>dive de ,bttn]4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3ie1 #if1 fig4 #df4 #ahff-gc4 ,big>reau ,t>dif ,bttn]4 #h4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bde fig41 #bdf4 #ahgg4 ,bttn]'s ,octob]4 #i4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bhh4 #ahhd4 ,produc$ f se$ ab\t #ahjj1 by ,bttn]4 ,z "o ( ! late/ ( all *]ries1 x 0 at "o "t consid]$ ( value = cul9>y purposes & = a "t 0 gr[n to a limit$ ext5t 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society plac$ x on its fruit catalog li/ 9 #ahfb b dropp$ x 9 #ahfi4 ,tree h>dy1 productive2 fruit (t5 hangs to ! tree till ,octob]1 l>ge1 r\nd1 some:at oblate2 suture indi/9ct2 apex depress$2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity %all[2 sk9 ?9 b firm1 r$di%-br[n1 sep>at+ easily f ! pulp2 fle% light r$1 reticulat$ ) :iti% fib]s1 firm1 break+1 juicy1 sweet1 ri*1 m+l$ ) pleasant subacid2 quality good2 /one l>ge1 oval1 semi-cl++2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,augu/ & e>ly ,septemb]4 ,byrnville4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,cameleon4 ,species8 #a4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egd4 #afbi4 ,a /range *]ry1 *angeable 9 color1 spok5 ( by ,p>k9son because ( its peculi>ities4 ,! fruit is v r$ 9 color & ( good ta/e1 b v>ies greatly 9 color1 %ape & arrangem5t4 ,x also be>s blossoms1 gre5 & ripe fruit at ! same "t4 ,c>d9alskirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,ob/bume #aei4 #agia4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhd4 #ahjb4 ,a *]ry simil> to ! ,doctorkirs*e 9 bo? tree- & fruit-*>act]s2 fruit d>k br[n1 ) a subacid flavor4 ,c>m9e ,/ripe4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjf4 #ahed4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #beh4 #aheg4 ,c]ise ,c>m9e4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3bc1 #bd1 fig4 #ab4 #ahhb4 ,c>m9e ,/ripe is a se$l+ f ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+1 v productive2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 he>t-%ap$1 compress$ on ! sides1 surface (t5 unev51 ) a suture on "o side1 foll[$ by a l9e ( c>m9e2 /em v>iable2 sk9 amb]-yell[1 %ad$ & mottl$ ) bright1 lively c>m9e2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 ) agreeable sprightl9ess2 pit small2 season ! la/ ( ,june4 ,c>ol9e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjf4 #ahed4 ,orig9at$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio4 ,tree upright-spread+1 vigor\s2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-oblong1 "o side slightly compress$2 color pale amb]1 mottl$ ) cle>1 light r$1 becom+ ri* r$ 9 ! sun2 fle% t+$ ) pale r$1 transluc5t1 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet2 pit ( m$ium size1 oblong1 oval2 season ! la/ ( ,june4 ,delici\s = dess]t4 ,catskill4 ,species8 #a4 ,*ase ,cat4 #ahhh4 ,?is v>iety1 s5t out by ,r4 ,g4 ,*ase1 ,g5eva1 ,new ,york1 9 #ahhh1 is probably n[ ext9ct4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 he>t-%ap$2 sk9 light yell[1 ne>ly cov]$ ) light c>m9e2 /em sl5d]1 long2 fle% light yell[1 juicy1 sprightly1 mild subacid2 good4 ,c]ise ,albanes4 ,species8 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bhd4 #ahfa4 ,introduc$ f ,revel1 ,haute-,g>onne1 ,france4 ,x is a fruit ( fir/ size1 excell5t quality1 ) d>k gre5 leaves1 productive2 fruit :ite ) m or less yell[4 ,c]ise d',anglet]re ,prcoce4 ,species8 #a4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3,no4 #be1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 ,accord+ to ,poiteau1 ?is *]ry1 sometimes call$ ,c]ise ,n\velle d',anglet]re1 0 confus$ by ,duhamel ) 8 ,c]ise ,guigne4 ,fruit small 9 ! fir/ /ages ( rip5+1 lat] becom+ l>g]1 flatt5$ at ! base & apex2 color cle> r$ *ang+ to almo/ black at complete maturity4 ,c]ise de l',ard*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 ,belle grosse d',ard*e4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,s*ne von ,ard*e4 #c4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgf4 #ahhi4 ,di/9ct f o!r v>ieties 9 its mann] ( gr[?1 accord+ to ,?omas4 ,c]ise ,bellon4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,c]ise de la ,besn>dire4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aha4 #ahff4 #b4 ,l]oy4 ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3agb fig4 #ahgg4 ,kirs*e von ,bn>dire4 #c4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccd4 #ahhi4 ,9 #ahda1 ,l]oy m5tion$ ?is v>iety 9 8 catalog /at+ t x 0 f\nd 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,b>on ( ,besn>dire4 ,mortillet believ$ x to be ,c>nation n be+ conv9c$ ( ! contr>y until aft] he _h publi%$ 8 description ( ! ,c>nation4 ,tree /rong1 mod]ately productive2 fruit atta*$ s+ly1 l>ge1 globul>1 compress$ at ! ends2 suture app>5t2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 ins]t$ 9 a r wide1 deep cavity2 sk9 cle> r$1 brilliant2 fle% r$di% at ! surface1 :iti% ne> ! c5t]1 t5d]1 ) abundant1 slightly color$ juice1 pleasantly acidulat$ & sweet2 fir/ quality2 /one small1 r\nd1 plump2 season ! end ( ,june 9 ,france4 ,c]ise du ,bic5t5aire4 ,p4 avium ,x ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bhd1 #bhe1 ,pl4 #aijc4 ,bic5t5airewei*sel4 #b4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #eh4 #aijg4 ,?is v>iety is suppos$ to be a bud v>iation ( ,royal ,duke f\nd 9 a g>d5 at ,lieusa9t1 ,france4 ,! trees resemble ^? ( ,royal ,duke b ! fruit is sup]ior 9 size & rip5s f ?ree weeks to a mon? lat]4 ,said to be valuable on nor!rn exposures :i* increase ! advantages ( late maturity4 ,c]ise ,blan*e ,petit ,fruit4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejg4 #ahfj4 ,simil> to ! ,c]isi] ,gros ,fruit ,blanc b small]4 ,c]ise ,commune4 ,p4 ,c]asus4 #a4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3,no4 #aa1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #b4 ,le ,bon ,j>d4 #cdf4 #ahhb4 ,"o ( ! ,fr5* v>ieties ( *]ries gr[n 9 ! neighborhood ( ,p>is to supply ! e>ly m>ket trade4 ,sometimes call$ ,la ,grosse ,c]ise ,commune4 ,c]ise ,ctes4 ,p4 ,c]asus4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3beh1 #bei fig4 #ahgg4 ,?is *]ry is simil> 9 tree & fruit to ,l>ge ,montmor5cy b ! fruit is trav]s$ on bo? sides by a prom95t suture4 ,fruit atta*$ 9 ?rees1 ( m$ium size1 globul>1 compress$ at ! ends2 suture deep1 completely encircl+ ! fruit2 /em v>iable 9 l5g?1 ins]t$ 9 a l>ge1 deep cavity2 apex slightly depress$2 sk9 cle> r$2 fle% yell[i%1 transp>5t1 t5d]1 juicy1 sug>y1 acidulat$2 pit ( m$ium size1 r\nd2 second quality2 season ! end ( ,june2 mod]ately productive4 ,c]ise d',espagne4 ,p4 ,c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 ,fruit l>ge1 deep r$1 delici\s1 acidulat$1 rip5+ f ,june to ,july4 ,c]ise la ,feuille4 ,p4 ,c]asus4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3agd1 #age4 #agfh4 ,! fruit is ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 faces flatt5$2 /em long2 cavity deep & /raight2 sk9 deep r$di%-br[n2 fle% r$1 ) an acid flavor :i* x loses some:at at complete maturity2 /one l>ge1 lightly t9t$2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,c]ise de ,gembl\x4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #h3ia1 ,pl4 #ahfj4 ,m4 ,/aquet ,b]g] ( ,gembl\x1 ,belgium1 grew ?is *]ry f se$4 ,tree productive1 vigor\s2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 slightly cordate2 suture pron\nc$2 /em long1 sl5d]2 sk9 ?91 glossy1 ne>ly black2 fle% r$1 f9e1 melt+1 juicy1 sug>y1 acidulat$2 /one small1 oval2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,july4 ,c]ise ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aie1 #aif1 ,pl4 #af fig4 #a4 #agfh4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3adj1 #ada fig4 #cd1 #adb4 #ahff4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3aei1 #afj1 fig4 #gh4 #ahff-gc4 #d4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bed1 #bee fig41 #bef4 #ahgg4 ,griotte ,guigne4 #e4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adi4 #ahcb4 ,c]ise ,anglaise4 #f4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3,no4 #bf1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 ,ro! ,muskatell]4 #g4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #aei fig41 #afj4 #ahfj4 ,?is *]ry is n[ ( hi/orical int]e/ only4 ,x has be5 call$ ,c]ise ,guigne s9ce ,duhamel describ$ x 9 #agfh1 & may be ! v>iety kn[n long ago by ! ,romans z ,cecili5ne4 ,!re is no record to %[ t ,c]ise ,guigne 0 ev] br\ght to ,am]ica4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 flatt5$ at ! base2 suture di/9ct2 /em ( m$ium ?ickness & l5g?2 sk9 ?92 color cle> r$ becom+ r$di%-br[n2 fle% cle> r$1 ) abundant1 color$ juice1 t5d]1 slightly /r+y1 sweet1 sprightly1 agreeable2 quality good2 rip5s e>ly4 ,c]ise de ,mai ,d\ble4 ,species8 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #dj4 #agga4 ,briefly discuss$ by ,knoop4 ,c]ise de ,mai ,simple4 ,species8 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #dj1 #da4 #agga4 ,resembles ,c]ise de ,mai ,d\ble b small]4 ,c]ise de ,m>tign4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3adg4 #ahhb4 ,! tree-*>act]s are briefly describ$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,c]ise de ,o/heim4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gh4 #ahij4 ,o/heim4 #b4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3gi1 fig4 #ah4 #aijc4 ,9 #ahhc1 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd ( ,ames1 ,i[a1 br\ght ?is v>iety to ,i[a4 ,x is v simil> to ! ,m9nesota ,o/heim b a few days lat]4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 r\nd1 occasionally cordate2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 sl5d]1 set 9 a %all[ cavity2 sk9 firm1 deep r$1 ) highly color$ juice1 mildly subacid2 quality v good4 ,c]ise du ,pr9ce ,maurice4 ,species8 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #da4 #agga4 ,tree vigor\s1 erect1 productive2 fruit sc>let1 ) :iti% dots4 ,c]ise de ,prusse4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aea fig41 #aeb1 #aec1 #bba1 #cjd4 #ahff4 ,gu9d\x de ,prov5ce4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dbi1 #dcj4 #ahai4 ,prussian ,*]ry4 #c4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aej4 #ahcb4 ,prov5c] ,ssswei*sel4 #d4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ej4 #aheh4 ,c]ise de l',esvire4 #e4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,c]ise de ,prusse noire8 #f4 ,ibid4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,?is old v>iety is suppos$ to be ( ,fr5* orig94 ,x is di/+ui%$ f o!r sorts by its cordate =m1 its m or less di/9ct suture1 its ?ick sk91 & its he>t-%ap$ pit4 ,tree vigor\s1 mod]ately productive2 fruit r l>ge1 p>tially cordate1 m>k$ by a suture on bo? sides1 m pron\nc$ t[>ds ! base2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 ins]t$ 9 a r deep cavity2 sk9 ?ick1 t\gh1 sep>at+ f ! pulp1 deep r$di%1 almo/ black2 fle% r firm1 deep r$1 juicy1 sprightly1 v9\s1 ) a pron\nc$ acidity2 /one r l>ge1 oval-po9t$1 turgid2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,c]ise de ,r\5 ,d\ble4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #db4 #agga4 ,tree vigor\s & productive2 fruit cordate1 m>k$ ) a suture ( mod]ate dep?2 color /reak$ ) cle> r$ on a yell[ gr\nd2 fle% brittle1 sweet1 v agreeable4 ,c]ise de ,r\5 ,simple4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3db4 #agga4 ,resembles ! prec$+ v>iety 9 =m1 color & quality b is some:at small]4 ,c]ise ,r\ge ,pale4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3hi1 #ij1 fig4 #dc4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3chc1 #chd fig41 #che4 #ahgg4 ,c]isi] ,gros ,fruit ,r\ge-ple4 #c4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3ahb1 #ahc1 #ahd1 ,pl4 #i4 #agfh4 #d4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3e1 ,tab4 #ad fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,vill5nes4 #e4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adj4 #ahcb4 ,blei*ro! ,glaskirs*e4 #f4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ge fig41 #gf4 #ahfg4 ,?is *]ry is ( int]e/ only because ( its pa/4 ,( its orig9 no record c be f\nd4 ,x is fir/ m5tion$ by ,duhamel1 9 #agfh1 "u a some:at long] "n1 ,c]isi] ,gros ,fruit ,r\ge-ple1 :i* _m lat] writ]s h confus$ ) ,c>nation4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$2 /em long1 ?ick2 cavity deep1 broad2 sk9 ?92 color a cle>1 brilliant r$ gr[+ d>k] z maturity advances2 fle% transp>5t1 juicy1 firm1 t5d]1 sweet1 yet sprightly2 ( v good quality2 season late4 ,c]ise ,r\ge ,sangu9e4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,c]ise ,royale ,ord9aire4 ,species8 #a4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3,no4 #bb1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 ,?is v>iety is kn[n 9 ,norm&y z ,c]ise ,musque because ( its slight musky ta/e4 ,fruit small1 sides compress$2 sk9 r$2 fle% yell[i%1 juicy1 sug>y2 quality fair4 ,c]ise de ,soissons4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 ,franzsi*e ,ssswei*sel4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ea4 #aheh4 ,admirable de ,soissons4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dgf4 #ahfi4 ,c]ise de ,soissons is describ$ z a ,morello1 m$ium to above 9 size1 broadly cordate1 slightly compress$1 ) a slight suture2 /em %ort2 sk9 d>k r$2 fle% r$1 t5d]1 juicy1 brisk subacid2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,c]ise de ,ti]c4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,c]ise de ,xavi]4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ag3cfc4 #ahea4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bae4 #ahed4 ,a ,morello *]ry1 fir/ %[n 9 #ahea1 by ,m4 ,p4 ,wild]1 ,dor*e/]1 ,massa*usetts4 ,fruit m$ium 9 size1 r\nd1 d>k r$1 acid4 ,c]isi] ,commun ,fruit ,rond4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3agb1 #agc4 #agfh4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #feh1 #fei4 #ahai4 ,"u ?is head+ are gr\p$ _m wild *]ries 9 ,france1 gr[n f se$s1 ^: trees1 leaves & fl[]s v>y z well z ! size1 ta/e & "t ( rip5+ ( ! fruits4 ,"o ( ! be/ ( ^! is gr[n ar\nd ,p>is1 ! fruit be+ small2 /em long2 pit l>ge2 quality & flavor v>iable4 ,c]isi] ,commun ,pleureur4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #cig4 #ahhh4 ,?is *]ry 0 f\nd 9 a ,s\r ,*]ry plantation4 ,x resembles ,montmor5cy 9 habit ( gr[? & ! ,he>t *]ries 9 texture ( fle%4 ,! tree is us$ = ornam5tal plant+ & its fruit = cul9>y purposes4 ,tree v productive1 bu%y1 bran*es incl9$ to droop2 fruit l>ge1 oblong2 /em long1 ins]t$ 9 a l>ge cavity2 sk9 glossy1 d>k r$2 fle% rose-color$1 transp>5t1 sug>y1 juicy2 pit ( m$ium size1 elongat$-oval2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,june4 ,c]isi] ,feuilles ,lac9ies4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bfg1 #bfh fig4 #ahgg4 ,?is is a *ance se$l+ fir/ m5tion$ by ,l]oy 9 8 catalog 9 #ahfj4 ,because ( its foliage x is (t5 us$ z an ornam5tal4 ,tree /rong1 mod]ately productive2 fruit g5]ally atta*$ s+ly1 small1 oval2 suture app>5t2 /em long2 cavity mod]ately l>ge2 sk9 cle> r$1 m>bl$ ) r$di%-br[n2 fle% firm1 yell[i%-:ite1 ) abundant1 uncolor$ juice1 sug>y1 slightly acidulat$2 pit ( m$ium size1 elongat$-oval1 plump4 ,c]isi] ,gros ,fruit ,blanc4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejg4 #ahfj4 ,a *]ry rip5+ 9 ,july b describ$ z v sug>y & v good2 fle% wat]y1 aromatic2 productive4 ,c]isi] ,royal ,t>dif ,fruit ,noir4 ,species8 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejf4 #ahfj4 ,! fruit rip5s 9 ,july1 becom+ deep black4 ,c]isi] ,trs-f]tile4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3age1 #agf4 #agfh4 ,wei*selbaum mit bndelfrmig5 ,fr*t54 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3e1 ,tab4 #ab fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,c]ise ,tro*et4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ef4 #ahca4 #d4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cig1 #cih fig4 #ahgg4 ,prolific ,*]ry4 #e4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acb4 #ahcb4 ,am>elle trs-f]tile4 #f4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3bja fig41 #bjb1 #bjc4 #ahff4 ,l]oy /ates t ?is v>iety 0 long ago well kn[n 9 ,france4 ,because x 0 gr[n 9 ! neighborhood ( ,ang]s & ,sa9t-,laud1 & 0 ( ! ,montmor5cy type1 ,l]oy says x 0 locally nam$ ,c]isi] ,montmor5cy ,htif de ,sa9t ,laud4 ,he is d\btful :e!r x exi/$ be=e ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury2 ,duhamel 0 ! fir/ to describe x 9 #agfh4 ,! tree resembles ! ,clu/] *]ry & is probably b a v>iation ( ! ,c]ise ,commune type4 ,tree small2 fruit g5]ally atta*$ 9 ?rees1 ( m$ium size1 globul>1 compress$ at ! /em2 cavity r deep2 apex small1 some:at prom95t2 /em ( m$ium size1 unequal 9 l5g?2 sk9 transp>5t1 cle> r$1 deep] :5 mature2 fle% t5d]1 :ite1 juicy1 sug>y1 /rongly acidulat$2 /one m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%1 turgid2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,its graceful habit & productiv5ess make x a favorite = ornam5tal purposes4 ,c]isi] de ,v>5ne4 ,species8 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejg4 #ahfj4 ,belle de ,v>5nes4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,tree erect1 v vigor\s2 fruit l>ge1 compress$2 /em long2 color bright r$4 ,*all5ge4 ,p4 pumila4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #cec4 #ahif4 ,*all5ge is a ,s& ,*]ry se$l+ gr[n 9 ,canada2 fair flavor & ( m$ium size4 ,*ampagne4 ,species8 #a4 ,horticulturi/ #e3gf1 #gg fig4 #ahej4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bje4 #ahed4 ,*ampagne is a se$l+ rais$ by ,*>les ,d[n+1#hd ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 & s nam$ because ( ! peculi> & lively m+l+ ( sweet & acid 9 its flavor4 ,tree v h>dy1 vigor\s1 be>+ regul>ly1 & )/&+ ! attacks ( rot & blight4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 slightly angul>2 /em mod]ately long2 cavity %all[1 flat2 sk9 lively brick-r$1 incl9+ to p9k2 fle% amb]1 juicy1 sprightly1 ri*2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,*ampion4 ,p4 pumila4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #cjg4 #ahih4 ,*ampion is "o ( _m se$l+s ( ! ,manitoba ,s&1 a native ,canadian *]ry nam$ & describ$ 9 #ahih1 by ,wm4 ,saund]s ( ! ,canadian ,exp]im5tal ,f>ms4 ,fruit l>ge1 v d>k r$1 ne>ly black :5 ripe2 fle% sweet1 ne>ly free f a/r+5cy2 quality good2 rip5s 9 ,manitoba ! la/ ( ,augu/4 ,*apman4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #acj4 #ahig4 #b4 ,cal4 ,nur4 ,cat4 #a3ad4 #ahih4 #c4 ,ore4 ,nur4 ,cat4 #ba4 #aijc4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,*apman 0 gr[n by ,w4 ,h4 ,*apman ( ,napa1 ,cali=nia1 & is suppos$ to be a se$l+ ( ,black ,t>t>ian1 surpass+ t v>iety 9 size & e>l9ess4 ,by "s horticulturi/s ,*apman & ,cali=nia ,advance are consid]$ id5tical1 b mo/ gr[]s1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,cali=nia1 decl>e ! two to be di/9ct4 ,fruit matures e>ly2 v l>ge1 r\ndi%1 purpli%-black2 /em long1 sl5d]2 fle% slightly t5d]2 v good 9 quality2 /one small4 ,*]esoto4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 am]icana4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #acj3ahd1 ,pl4 #aj1 ,pl4 #aa1 #ahe4 #aiaa4 ,*]esoto is a cross betwe5 ! ,s& ,*]ry & ! ,de ,soto plum f ! ,s\? ,dakota ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,! tree resembles ! plum 9 gr[? b ! fruit1 9 looks & flavor1 is l t ( ! ,s& ,*]ry4 ,fruit r long ) a prickle at ! apex2 ab\t "o & ?ree-eigh?s in*es 9 diamet]2 sk9 black ) a blui% bloom1 ?91 free f ac]bity2 fle% yell[i%-gre51 sprightly2 pit cl++4 ,*9a ,big>reau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abf4 #ahcb4 ,*9a ,he>t4 #b4 ,pr9ce ,treat4 ,hort4 #cj4 #ahbh4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dh4 #ahca4 ,?is v>iety 0 rais$ f ! se$ ( an ,ox ,he>t by ,william ,pr9ce1 ,flu%+1 ,new ,york1 & at fir/ 0 call$ ,*9a ,he>t4 ,w4 ,r4 ,pr9ce 9 8 ,pomological ,manual ( #ahcb1 calls x ,*9a ,big>reau z x is m ( ! ,big>reau ?an ( ! ,he>t type ( *]ries4 ,tree vigor\s1 l>ge2 fruit m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi% or oval-cordate1 ) a di/9ct suture2 /em long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a %all[ cavity2 sk9 :5 fully ripe1 glossy r$ mottl$ ) light] r$2 fle% firm1 some:at melt+1 ) a sweet1 ri*1 peculi> flavor2 rip5s j aft] ,black ,t>t>ian & =ms a l9k betwe5 x & ! lat] v>ieties2 v productive4 ,*oque4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ae1 #aia4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ada1 #adb4 #ahhb4 ,guigne ,*oque4 #c4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #dhb4 #aijd4 ,orig9at$ ne> ,metz1 ,lorra9e1 ,g]many4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit r l>ge2 ( a deep r$ color at maturity2 fle% :ite1 slightly t9t$ ) a rose color1 firm1 v juicy1 sweet2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,*ri/bau]4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #db4 #ahib4 ,a sort report$ to rip5 be=e ,e>ly ,ri*mond4 ,*ri/iana4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjf4 #ahed4 ,?is v>iety 0 rais$ by ,b4 ,b4 ,kirtl&1 ,gre5bu%1 ,new ,york1 & resembles ,may ,duke 9 "* ( tree & fruit4 ,! fruit is borne 9 clu/]s1 is ( a bright1 lively r$ color1 & has a sprightly subacid flavor4 ,*ur*ill ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dh4 #ahca4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bij4 #ahhd4 ,tree h>dy1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 he>t-%ap$2 /em long2 cavity %all[2 sk9 glossy1 ( a cle>1 wax51 pale yell[1 bright r$ :5 expos$ to ! sun1 mottl$ ) d>k r$ & orange2 fle% pale yell[1 firm1 sweet1 ri*1 mod]ately juicy2 season ! end ( ,july4 ,ci/5a4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 piss>di4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #acj3aij1 #aia4 #aiaa4 ,ci/5a is a cross betwe5 ! ,s& ,*]ry & ,prunus piss>di1 int]e/+ only because ( its beautiful purple foliage4 ,cl>k ,septemb]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ont4 ,fr4 ,gr4 ,assoc4 ,rpt4 #bb3,,xviii4 #ahij4 ,cl>k ,septemb] is a local sort f ,l[] ,granville1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,! fruits are ( m$ium size & :5 fully ripe are ( a d>k r$ color2 fle% firm1 ( a sweet & agreeable flavor4 ,clu/] ,black ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #dha4 #aijd4 ,tree vigor\s2 fruit small or ( m$ium size1 cordate2 /em long2 sk9 glossy1 black2 fle% v d>k r$1 t5d]1 juicy1 agreeably mild acid2 rip5s 9 ,july4 ,cockl9 ,favorite4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 #c3bdi fig41 #ahfa4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #deh4 #ahfi4 ,late ,amb]4 #c4 ,horticulturi/ #ag3cha4 #ahfb4 ,?is se$l+ 0 introduc$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,cockl91 ,%eph]d/[n1 ,p5nsylvania1 b its orig9 is unkn[n4 ,tree upright1 conical1 v productive2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 regul>1 slightly compress$1 some:at flatt5$ at ! base1 almo/ )\t a suture2 apex depress$2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity deep2 sk9 yell[i% %ad$ & mottl$ 9 ! sun ) a light crimson2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 v9\s2 quality good2 /one v small = ! size ( ! fruit2 season late4 ,coe ,late ,c>nation4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baf4 #ahed4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bge4 #aheg4 ,coe's ,spte ,rote ,kirs*e4 #c4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdc1 #cdd4 #ahhi4 ,?is is a late v>iety ( unkn[n orig9--possibly a se$l+ ( ,c>nation4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 cordate2 suture %all[2 color yell[i%-amb] mottl$ ) cle> r$2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 subacid2 quality fair2 season ! la/ ( ,july4 ,coeur de ,pigeon ,noir4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3adh4 #ahhb4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 cordate1 slightly elongat$4 ,coeur de ,p\le4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abd4 #ahcb4 ,gros ,big>reau coeur-de-,p\le #b4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #fe4 #ahha4 ,accord+ to ,pr9ce1 ?is v>iety 0 r ext5sively cultivat$ 9 ! s\? ( ,france especially 9 ! vic9ity ( ,t\l\se1 :]e x 0 kn[n z ,cor d ,gal9o4 ,! fruit rip5s 9 ,july1 has ! =m ( ! ,he>ts2 its vivid r$ *anges to ne>ly black z does also ! juice4 ,cole4 ,p4 c]asus4 ,cole is a r small-siz$ ,morello ( little value & no d\bt n[ out ( cultivation4 ,fruit cordate1 compress$ along ! sutures2 /em long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a wide cavity2 sk9 ne>ly black2 fle% t5d]1 r meaty1 d>k r$1 light] ne> ! pit1 hav+ abundant1 w9e-color$ juice1 s\r1 sprightly2 /one cl+s2 season late4 ,columbia4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dei4 #ahfi4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+1 productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 he>t-%ap$1 incl9+ to a po9t1 surface angul> & unev51 sides compress$2 suture deep1 n>r[2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity l>ge1 deep2 sk9 :iti%-yell[1 blu%$ & mottl$ ) light r$2 fle% :iti%1 /a9$ ) p9k1 t5d]1 juicy1 pleasant2 season ! la/ ( ,june4 ,common ,morello4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adc1 #add4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ajc4 #aheb4 ,wild ,morello4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 ,common ,r$ ,morello4 #d4 ,kan4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #add4 #ahhf4 ,?is v>iety mu/ n be confus$ ) ! well-kn[n ,engli% ,morello4 ,?r\gh self-propagation1 x is widely kn[n1 z are its _m se$l+s :i* (t-times surpass x 9 size & quality4 ,como4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,comtesse de ,mdicis ,spada4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,cond4 ,species8 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce4 #agga4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,cone/oga4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3dbc4 #ahec4 #b4 ,horticulturi/ #ag3cha4 #ahfb4 ,cone/oga 0 introduc$ by ,casp] ,hill]1 ,cone/oga1 ,lanca/] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,tree a rampant1 spread+ gr[]1 v productive2 fruit v l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly compress$ & ind5t$ at ! apex2 suture %all[2 /em v long1 ins]t$ 9 an op5 cavity2 sk9 deep r$1 purpli%1 some:at mottl$2 fle% firm1 r t5d]1 juicy1 sug>y1 brisk2 quality good2 season e>ly ,july4 ,con/ance ,mais94 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,?is is a ,belgian v>iety1 :i*1 accord+ to ,guide ,pratique1 #ahie1 is v simil> to ,montmor5cy4 ,cook ,imp]ial4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #be4 #aijd-je4 ,?is v>iety1 a se$l+ ( ,napoleon1 orig9at$ ) ,/ev5 ,cook1 ,b5ton ,h>bor1 ,mi*igan4 ,x is m5tion$ z a promis+ new sort1 resembl+ ,black ,t>t>ian 9 %ape1 flavor1 color1 & l5g? ( /em b e>li] & l>g]4 ,cornelia4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dei4 #ahfi4 ,cornelia orig9at$ ) ,*>les ,pease1 ne> ,clevel&1 ,ohio4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 v productive2 fruit m$ium to above 9 size1 compress$1 he>t-%ap$2 suture slight2 /em long2 cavity n>r[1 deep2 sk9 :iti%-yell[1 %ad$ ) bright crimson on ! sunny side2 fle% light yell[1 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 r lively2 quality good2 /one small2 season ! la/ ( ,june4 ,corn+4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gb4 #ahii4 #b4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3ff fig4 #aijc4 ,corn+ is a cross betwe5 ! ,wragg & ,lutovka & orig9at$ ) ,a4 ,f4 ,collman1 ,corn+1 ,i[a4 ,fruit oblate-cordate1 above m$ium 9 size2 suture lack+2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 /\t1 ins]t$ 9 a m$ium deep1 n>r[ cavity2 sk9 r ?ick1 t5d]1 r$2 fle% firm1 break+2 juice slightly color$1 briskly subacid2 quality good2 /one m$ium l>ge1 ovate2 rip5s 9 ,augu/4 ,corone4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egb4 #afbi4 #b4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bia4 #ahhd4 ,englis*e ,s*w>ze ,kronh]zkirs*e4 #d4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #adi-aeb4 #ahai4 #e4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdg4 #ahhi4 ,corone1 z ! ref]5ces %[1 is "o ( ! olde/-nam$ v>ieties1 ?\gh /rictly speak+1 s9ce x 0 l>gely gr[n f se$1 accord+ to ! old writ]s1 x is a type & n a v>iety4 ,9 "* ( fruit x seems to be midway betwe5 ,black ,mazz>d & ,black ,t>t>ian4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit bel[ m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 compress$ & (t5 r\gh5$2 suture deep2 /em sl5d]1 long2 cavity deep1 r\nd1 n>r[2 color a deep1 %9+ black2 fle% d>k purple1 v firm1 sweet2 rip5s late4 ,corw94 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baf4 #ahed4 ,?is is a m$ium-siz$1 r\ndi%1 r$ ,morello ) t5d]1 acid fle% & a l>ge /one2 season ,july4 ,c\l>de4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dbd-dbg4 #ahai4 ,c]isi] de ,holl&e4 #b4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3ahd1 #ahe1 ,pl4 #aj4 #agfh4 #c4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bih1 #cdf4 #ahgg4 #d4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfc4 #ahhi4 ,hollndis*e ,wei*selbaum mit sehr gross] ,fru*t or ,c\l>d4 #e4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3e1 ,tab4 #ab fig4 #b4 #agib4 ,hollndis*e grosse ,kirs*e ,c\l>d4 #f4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fgj4 #agig4 ,hollndis*e grosse ,wei*sel or ,c\l>d4 #g4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhd4 #ahjb4 ,holl& ,griotte4 #h4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ada4 #ahcb4 #i4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bhj4 #ahcb4 ,hollndis*e ,ssswei*sel4 #aj4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ea4 #aheh4 ,c]isi] c\l>d de ,holl&4 #aa4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3eje4 #ahfj4 ,l]oy /ates t ,c\l>de has be5 kn[n s9ce #agdj b is (t5 confus$ ) o!r *]ries4 ,accord+ to ,l]oy1 ?is v>iety 0 re9troduc$ z a novelty ab\t #ahfd1 "u ! "n ,belle d',orleans4 ,am]ican writ]s1 h[ev]1 li/ a ,belle d',orleans z e>ly z #ahej1 :i* is ( ! ,guigne type r ?an ! ,griotte4 ,tree ! l>ge/ ( its class2 bran*es /rong & /raight2 blooms pr(usely2 fruit l>ge1 r\nd2 sk9 r$2 fle% firm1 r$di%-:ite1 sweet1 agreeable2 rip5s ! end ( ,june4 ,! pi/ils be+ mu* long] ?an ! /am5s1 _m fl[]s are nev] f]tiliz$ :i* gives ! blossoms a blight$ appe>ance4 ,c\rte-queue de ,gaib]g4 ,species8 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bc1 #aib4 #ahgf4 ,c\rte-p5du de ,gaib]g4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ z hav+ be5 receiv$ f ,g]many on ! recomm5dation ( ,ob]dieck4 ,craw=d4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,li/$1 n describ$4 ,cr[n ,pr9ce4 ,species8 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #dfe4 #aijj4 ,tree vigor\s2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 cordate2 sk9 yell[ ) a light r$ blu%2 fle% :iti%1 juicy1 t5d]1 refre%+2 quality good2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,may4 ,cs]szeg] ,honigkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,a yell[ ,he>t *]ry4 ,cull5 ,*]rie4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egd4 #afbi4 ,! ,cull5 ,*]rie is a d>ke r$ *]rie l ! ,agriot1 :i* !y ( ^? p>ts ne]e ,cull5 & ,vtre*t c4 vse to put into _! dr9ke1 to give x ! deep] col\r4 ,cumb]l&4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bje4 #ahed4 ,triumph ( ,cumb]l&4 #b4 ,horticulturi/ #g3ajj4 #aheb4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bfg1 #bfh4 #aheg4 #d4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3hg1 #hh1 fig4 #dd4 #ahhb4 ,cumb]l& ,he>t4 #e4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 #b3aah4 #ahfj4 ,cumb]l& ,spice4 #f4 ,horticulturi/ #ag3dih4 #ahfb4 ,cumb]l& is a *ance se$l+ f\nd 9 ,cumb]l& ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania2 introduc$ by ,david ,mill] ( ,c>lisle4 ,tree /rong 9 gr[?1 erect1 vigor\s1 productive2 fruit obtuse-cordate1 sides compress$2 /em r long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a broad1 op5 cavity2 apex slightly depress$2 suture entirely ar\nd ! fruit1 b a l9e on "o side2 sk9 m$ium ?ick1 t\gh1 cle> purple *ang+ to a purpli%-black2 fle% deep purple1 crisp1 aromatic1 ) abundant1 color$ juice2 quality good2 pit r\ndi%-oval1 compress$1 slightly cl++2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,cyclone4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,nova ,scotia ,fr4 ,gr4 ,assoc4 ,rpt4 #bc4 #ahid4 ,?is v>iety is said 9 ,nova ,scotia to be some:at simil> to ,wood & ,rockport b to be sup]ior to ei!r 9 size & quality4 ,dacotah4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bf3djb1 #djc4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dei4 #ahfi4 ,dacotah is a se$l+ ( "o ( ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&'s sorts1 orig9at$ by 8 son-9-law1 ,*>les ,pease1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio4 ,9 gr[? x resembles ,rockport2 9 fruit1 ,black ,t>t>ian al?\gh x is lat]4 ,! fruit is borne on spurs on ! body z well z on ! limbs1 ?us be+ protect$ f birds by ! foliage4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 compress$2 suture %all[2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity deep1 n>r[2 sk9 ri* d>k r$1 almo/ black1 slightly r\gh5$2 fle% r t5d]1 purpli%1 juicy1 sweet2 ( high quality2 /one ( m$ium size2 productive4 ,daib] ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdd4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ by ,ma?ieu4 ,dankelmannskirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bdb-bdf1 #fgg4 #ahai4 ,s*wefelkirs*e4 #b4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #gb1 #gc4 #agij4 ,agatkirs*e4 #c4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fff4 #agig4 ,dankelmann's ,weisse ,h]zkirs*e4 #d4 ,ibid4 #fff4 #agig4 ,kle9e weisse ,p]lkirs*e4 #e4 ,ibid4 #fhc4 #agig4 ,dankelmann's ,molk5kirs*e4 #f4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bh4 #aheh4 ,big>reauti] fruit jaune8 #g4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejd4 #ahfj4 ,big>reau jaune4 #h4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3acc4 #ahff4 ,9 #agia1 ,tru*sess receiv$ grafts ( :at he ?\ght 7 sev]al di/9ct v>ieties & dissem9at$ !m z su*4 ,lat]1 !y 7 f\nd to be id5tical ) ! ,dankelmann4 ,! fruit is recogniz$ f o!rs ( its class by its small size1 its honey sweetness1 its peculi> color & its transp>5t sk94 ,fruit m r\nd ?an cordate1 ) a %all[ suture2 /em sl5d]1 ins]t$ 9 a n>r[1 %all[ cavity2 sk9 yell[ wa%$ ) r$1 transp>5t all[+ ! pit to be visible2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 t5d]1 v juicy1 v sweet if rip5$ ?or\ghly2 /one small1 r\nd1 almo/ free :5 ripe2 season ! la/ ( ,june to ,july4 ,datge4 ,species8 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3ei4 #aijj4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce z be+ mod]ate 9 gr[?4 ,dav5port4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aed4 #ahcb4 ,dav5port's ,e>ly ,r$4 #b4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bah4 #ahce4 ,dav5port's ,e>ly ,black4 #c4 ,ibid4 #bcc4 #ahda4 ,dav5port's ,e>ly4 #d4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agb1 #agc4 #ahde4 ,?is e>ly *]ry1 resembl+ some:at ,black ,he>t1 0 orig9at$ ne>ly a c5tury ago by ,edw>d ,dav5port1 ,dor*e/]1 ,massa*usetts4 ,tree m$ium 9 size1 productive2 fruit above m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate2 /em long1 r ?ick2 sk9 bright r$ becom+ purpli%-black2 fle% firm b t5d]1 sprightly1 pleasant1 juicy1 sweet2 v good 9 quality2 season e>ly4 ,de ,belleu4 ,species8 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3ei4 #aijj4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce z be+ a v>iety ( mod]ate gr[?4 ,de ,jacap4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,de ,rava5e4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,de ,sibrie gros fruit et rameaux p5dans4 ,species8 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejh4 #ahfj4 ,?is is a dw>f ornam5tal tree be>+ small1 oval1 m$iocre fruits rip5+ 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,de ,spa4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ag3cfc4 #ahea4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bgh4 #aheg4 ,de ,spa is a m$ium-siz$1 d>k r$1 acid ,morello =m+ a prolific bu%1 rip5+ soon aft] ,may ,duke4 ,de ,vaux4 ,species8 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m4 ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3ei4 #aijj4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,de>born ,r$ ,fr5*4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bhj4 #ahcb4 ,?is is a ,duke *]ry import$ f ,france by ,h4 ,a4 ,s4 ,de>born1 ,roxbury1 ,massa*usetts4 ,! "n hav+ be5 lo/1 ! import] r5am$ x4 ,de*5aut4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #gh4 #ahff4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 broad at ! base1 r flatt5$2 suture fa9t2 sk9 bright cornelian-r$1 becom+ d>k] r$ :5 ripe1 glossy2 /em long1 set 9 a wide1 deep cavity2 fle% t5d]1 succul5t2 resembl+ ,may ,duke 9 flavor & season4 ,delaw>e ,ble$+ ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fa4 #ahih4 ,?is is a m$ium-siz$1 d>k r$1 ne>ly black fruit ) solid fle% & good flavor4 ,delicate4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aic fig4 #ahed4 ,delicate 0 rais$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 9 #ahdb1 f a pit ( ,yell[ ,spani%1 probably cross$ ) ,black ,t>t>ian1 ,black ,mazz>d1 or ,may ,duke4 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 productive2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi%-oblate2 suture r pron\nc$2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?2 sk9 ?91 transluc5t1 amb]-yell[ ov]spread & mottl$ ) light c>m9e2 fle% pale yell[1 juicy1 pleasant1 sweet2 v good 9 quality2 /one small1 r\ndi%-oval2 season ! la/ ( ,june & ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,dlicieuse4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ by ,mas4 ,d5n] ,black4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dh4 #ahca4 ,li/$ b n describ$4 ,des ,*5eaux4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,deuts*e ,belzwei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bij4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fjc1 #fjd1 #fje4 #ahai4 ,probably ?is is b a wild se$l+ us$ 9 graft+4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 r\nd2 suture indi/9ct2 /em long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a %all[ cavity2 sk9 glossy1 d>k br[n2 fle% firm1 d>k1 r$di% directly "u ! sk91 juicy1 ) a s\ri% w9e-flavor2 /one small1 oval2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,disnod] ,gewrzkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,li/$ z a black ,big>reau4 ,dit/4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3 #afj4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,dobbeete ,morell]4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,doctay4 ,species8 #a4 ,horticulturi/ #ag3dih4 #ahfb4 ,report$ 9 ! ref]5ce z a good1 late *]ry ( second size z gr[n by ,e4 ,mann+1 ,h>risburg1 ,ohio4 ,doctor4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,horticulturi/ #b3abc fig4 #ahdg-dh4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3cg1 #ch1 fig4 #ag4 #ahff-gc4 ,am]ican ,doctor4 #d4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ga4 #ahff4 ,doctor 0 orig9at$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 9 #ahdb1 f a pit ( ,yell[ ,spani%1 probably cross$ ) ,black ,t>t>ian1 ,black ,mazz>d1 or ,may ,duke4 ,hogg call$ x ,am]ican ,doctor to di/+ui% x f ! ,g]man ,doctorkirs*e4 ,tree ( m$ium vigor1 upright-spread+1 heal?y1 v productive2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate2 /em long1 r sl5d]2 sk9 light yell[1 mottl$1 blu%$ & at times almo/ entirely ov]spread ) r$2 fle% pale yell[1 juicy1 t5d]1 aromatic1 sweet2 good 9 quality2 /one small4 ,dr4 ,flynn4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,coates ,cat4 #aiaa-ab4 ,dr4 ,flynn is a *ance se$l+ :i* orig9at$ 9 ,portl&1 ,oregon1 ) a ,dr4 ,flynn4 ,fruit l>ge1 d>k r$2 simil> to ,lamb]t 9 %ape2 prec$+ ,napoleon4 ,dr4 ,wiseman4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,van ,l9dley ,cat4 #bc4 #ahib4 #b4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cba4 #ahig4 ,?is *]ry 0 nam$ aft] ,dr4 ,wiseman1 ,davie ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 :o claim$ x to be ! e>lie/ ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,van ,l9dley believes x to be ! ,doctor :i* orig9at$ ) ,pr(essor ,kirtl&4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 light yell[1 %ad$ ) bright r$1 resembl+ ,wood4 ,doctorkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,ob/bume #afa4 #agia4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fgd4 #agig4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #djb-dje4 #ahai4 #d4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #dig fig41 #dih4 #ahfa4 ,?is v>iety 0 fir/ m5tion$ 9 #agia4 ,x %\ld n be confus$ ) ano!r sort m5tion$ by ,bttn] & ,tru*sess z ,doctorknorpelkirs*e4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 some:at compress$2 /em long2 cavity r deep2 sk9 t\gh1 br[ni%-r$ *ang+ to r$di%-black2 fle% d>k r$1 melt+1 juicy1 sweet yet ) a sprightly flavor2 pit r\nd1 slightly po9t$2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,doctorknorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bja1 #bjb1 #bjc4 #ahai4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3cg4 #aheh4 ,accord+ to ,tru*sess1 ?is sort 0 receiv$ by him 9 #agig1 f ,bttn] at ,leipzig "u ! "n ( ,doctorkirs*e4 ,because "o or two o!r sorts 7 gr[+ at t "t "u ?is "n1 ,*ri/ *ang$ ?is "o1 foll[+ ,bttn]'s description1 to ,doctorkirs*e mit ,h>tem ,fleis*1 :i* has s9ce be5 %ort5$ to ,doctorknorpelkirs*e4 ,fruit l>ge1 slightly compress$2 /em long & sl5d]2 color black2 fle% firm1 cle> r$1 juicy1 agreeably sweet2 rip5s ! middle ( ,augu/4 ,dollan] ,s*w>ze4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #i fig41 #aj4 #ahfg4 ,accord+ to ,ob]dieck1 ?is v>iety orig9at$ at ,dollan1 ,bohemia1 ,au/ria1 ! home ( ! ,dollan] prune4 ,fruit above m$ium 9 size1 truncate-cordate1 trav]s$ entirely by a suture2 /em sl5d]1 long1 set 9 a n>r[1 %all[ cavity2 sk9 t\gh1 br[ni%-black ) light spots1 :olly black :5 ripe2 fle% & juice d>k r$1 fle% firm1 b t5d] en\gh to be class$ among ! ,he>ts1 sweet1 aromatic1 ) a slight s\rness be=e fully ripe2 /one elongat$-oval2 season late4 ,donna ,m>ia4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,b>ry ,fr4 ,g>d5 #cbf4 #ahea4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #c4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an4 #hd fig4 #da1 #he4 #ahfi4 ,?is is a ,morello *]ry1 probably ( ,fr5* orig94 ,x is di/9ct f ! ,e>ly ,may gr[n 9 ! ,we/ ) :i* x has be5 confus$4 ,donna ,m>ia held a place on ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society's catalog ( fruits f #ahfb until #ahii4 ,tree small1 productive2 fruit m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%1 d>k r$2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sprightly2 good 9 quality2 season late4 ,doppelte ,wei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fgc4 #agig4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #eje1 #ejf1 #ejg4 #ahai4 ,doppelte ,am>elle4 #c4 ,*ri/ ,ob/bume #aeh4 #agia4 ,*ri/ fir/ describ$ ?is v>iety z ,doppelte ,am>elle b 9 8 lat] writ+s *ang$ x to ,doppelte ,wei*sel4 ,x is di/+ui%$ f ! ,spanis*e ,frhwei*sel 9 be+ l>g]1 long] 9 /em1 & s\r]4 ,fruit above m$ium 9 size1 globul>2 suture %all[2 /em long1 r /\t1 set 9 a %all[ cavity2 sk9 d>k br[ni%-r$1 ?91 n glossy 9 wet ye>s2 fle% d>k1 firm = a ,wei*sel1 juicy1 light color$1 pleas+ subacid2 pit small1 m r\nd ?an broad1 free2 season ! end ( ,june4 ,doro!5kirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdg4 #ahhi4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,drrells ,neue ,himbe]kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bg4 #aheh4 ,tree productive2 fruit l>ge1 cordate1 flatt5$2 /em /\t2 sk9 d>k r$2 fle% firm1 :iti%1 sweet1 aromatic2 /one small2 rip5s at ! end ( ,june4 ,doty4 ,species8 #a4 ,am4 ,in/4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #bab4 #ahfg4 ,?is is a small b pleasantly flavor$ se$l+ exhibit$ by ,william ,m4 ,doty1 ,/> ,l&+1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,d\ble ,yell[ ,spani%4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cca4 #ahhe4 ,?is v>iety 0 import$ to ,am]ica by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd ( ,ames1 ,i[a4 ,! tree has a droop+ habit1 l>ge foliage & sweet fruit ( be/ quality4 ,d\ce de ,b>d[ick4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,d\gall4 ,species8 #a4 ,cult4 ,c\nt4 ,g5t4 #ci3ded4 #ahgd4 ,d\gall is a l>ge1 black1 se$l+ fruit introduc$ by ,james ,d\gall1 ,amh]/burgh1 ,canada4 ,rip5s be=e ,e>ly ,purple4 ,d\l9 ,big>reau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfj4 #ahfi4 ,?is is a =eign v>iety :i* may n be di/9ct4 ,tree a rapid1 spread+ gr[]1 be>s e>ly2 fruit l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 compress$ on "o side2 /em sl5d]1 curv$1 set 9 a deep cavity2 suture slight2 sk9 d>k purpli%-r$2 fle% p9ki%1 r t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasant2 quality good2 season e>ly ,june4 ,dove ,bank4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,d[n+ ,r$ ,*eek4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahf fig4 #gf4 #ahde4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bje4 #ahed4 ,r\ge de ,d[n+4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3he1 #hf1 fig4 #da4 #ahff-gc4 ,d[n+'s ,sml+4 #d4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdf4 #ahhi4 ,?is attractive *]ry1 resembl+ ,yell[ ,spani%1 0 rais$ by ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+1#he ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahdj2 its exact p>5tage is unkn[n4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 productive2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly compress$2 /em long1 sl5d]1 ins]t$ 9 a %all[ cavity2 sk9 ?91 yell[i%-:ite blu%$ & mottl$ ) attractive d>k crimson2 fle% yell[i% b (t5 v ne>ly :ite1 half-t5d]1 juicy1 delicate1 sweet2 good 9 quality2 /one m$ium 9 size2 rip5s f ! middle to ! la/ ( ,june4 ,d[nton4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #c3ach ,pl4 #ahcj4 #b4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abd4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #d4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #dhe fig41 #dhf4 #ahfa4 ,d[nton] ,molk5kirs*e4 #e4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3cj4 #aheh4 ,guigne ,d[nton4 #f4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ih1 #cjc4 #ahff4 #g4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cba fig4 #ahgg4 ,impratrice ,d[nton8 #h4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 ,,ii3#afa4 #ahhb4 ,d[nton 0 rais$ e>ly 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury by ,t4 ,a4 ,knight1 ,d[nton ,ca/le1 ,engl&1 f a se$ ( ,elton4 ,tree /rong 9 gr[?1 spread+2 fruit atta*$ 9 pairs1 l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 r\ndi%2 /em r long1 sl5d]2 sk9 pale yell[i%1 heavily speck$ ) r$1 :i* (t5 m]ges into a blu% on ! sunny side2 fle% light yell[1 v t5d]1 juicy2 high 9 quality2 /one slightly adh]5t2 rip5s aft] ,may ,duke4 ,dresd5] ,mai ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 ,avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bc4 #ahgf4 ,a v e>ly ,he>t *]ry receiv$ by ,?omas f ,g]many4 ,drogan ,:ite ,big>reau4 ,p4 ,avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #gi4 #ahff4 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #ahh4 #ahgf4 ,drogan's ,weisse ,knorpelkirs*e4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cda1 #fhd4 #ahai4 #d4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ee fig41 #ef4 #ahfg4 ,?is is "o ( ,drogan's se$l+s f ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 #ahji4 ,l]oy includes ,drogan's ,:ite & ,yell[ ,big>reaus ) 8 ,guigne ,blan*e 7,grosse7 b ! ?ree are di/9ct v>ieties4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 flatt5$ on "o side2 suture di/9ct2 /em r %ort1 /\t2 cavity wide1 deep2 apex po9t$2 sk9 t\gh1 pale yell[1 mottl$ & blu%$ ) r$ :]e mu* expos$2 fle% firm1 pale yell[1 juicy1 sweet2 /one plump1 ovate to oval2 desirable = table & kit*5 use2 late4 ,drogan ,yell[ ,big>reau4 ,p4 ,avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #adg fig41 #adh4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #gi1 #hj4 #ahff4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3aaa1 #aab1 fig4 #ed4 #ahff-gc4 ,big>reau 7,gold578 #d4 ,fell ,cat4 #da4 #ahic-id4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 oblate-cordate1 resembl+ ,may ,duke1 compress$ on ! faces1 truncate at ! base1 trav]s$ by a %all[ suture2 /em long1 /\t1 ins]t$ 9 a wide1 deep cavity2 sk9 r glossy1 cle> yell[1 gold5 9 ! sun2 fle% firm1 yell[i%1 hav+ abundant1 uncolor$ juice1 ) a sweetness :i* increases z ! season advances2 quality high2 pit small1 turgid1 r\ndi%-oval1 truncate at ! base2 rip5s late4 ,drogans ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 ,avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bjf1 #bjg1 #fgg4 #ahai4 ,a ,prussian se$l+ f ,gub51 ,g]many1 :i* 9 favorable ye>s is ( good size & pleasant flavor2 sk9 black2 fle% firm1 juicy1 color$2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,droop+ ,guigne4 ,p4 ,avium4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aai4 #ahcb4 ,guigni] rameaux p5dans4 #b4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejc4 #ahfj4 ,noisette li/s ?is v>iety "u ! ,m]isi]s :ile o!rs take x to be ,t\ssa9t :i* x resembles 9 habit ( gr[?4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi% or he>t-%ap$1 glossy black1 ) a long /em2 fle% r$di%-black1 wat]y1 sweet2 season ,july2 v productive4 ,du ,comte ,egg]4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,li/$1 n describ$4 ,du ,nord ,n\velle4 ,p4 ,c]asus4 #a4 ,b>ry ,fr4 ,g>d5 #cbf4 #ahea4 ,m5tion$ z a ,morello f ,france rip5+ 9 ,augu/4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 bright r$1 t5d]1 acid2 useful because ( its lat5ess4 ,du*esse d',ang\lme4 ,p4 ,c]asus4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3aee1 #aef1 fig4 #gf4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bfa4 #ahgg4 #c4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3fg1 fig4 #ab4 #aijc4 ,h]zog9 von ,ang\leme4 #d4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ece fig41 #ecf4 #ahfa4 ,du*esse d',ang\lme is suppos$ to h come f ! vic9ity ( ,vi5na1 ,au/ria1 al?\gh "s writ]s give ,france z its place ( orig94 ,x is (t5 confus$ ) o!r sorts4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright1 slightly spread+1 productive2 fruit m$ium to above 9 size1 r\ndi%-oblate2 /em r long & ?ick1 set 9 a l>ge1 deep cavity2 sk9 firm1 bright r$2 fle% yell[i% :ite1 t5d]1 juicy1 sprightly1 agreeably aromatic at extreme maturity2 quality fair to good2 /one ne>ly r\nd1 slightly compress$2 rip5s f ! middle to ! end ( ,june4 ,du*esse de ,palluau4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3djg fig4 #bh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bfa1 #bfb fig4 #ahgg4 #c4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bcf1 #bcg1 ,pl4 #aija4 ,h]zog9 von ,paluau4 #d4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #afi fig41 #agj4 #ahfj4 ,prcoce ,lem]ci] incor4 #e4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3adb-adf1 fig4 #ahff4 ,du*esse de ,palluau 0 rais$ ab\t #ahdj by ,m4 ,pi]re ,bretonneau ne> ,t\rs1 ,indre-et-,loire1 ,france4 ,9 #ahdd he gave cions ( ?is v>iety1 "u ! "n ,du*esse de ,palluau1 to ,l]oy :o propagat$ & probably dissem9at$ ! sort4 ,tree l>ge1 productive2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 compress$2 /em long1 sl5d]2 sk9 ?91 d>k purple becom+ almo/ black2 fle% t+$ ) r$1 juicy1 brisk subacid becom+ sweet2 good 9 quality2 /one ne>ly free1 oblong-ovate1 small2 rip5s 9 e>ly mid-season4 ,duke ( ,ed9burgh4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,agr4 ,gaz4 ,n4 ,s4 ,wales #ai3iih4 #aijh4 ,tree /unt$1 upright2 fruit too small & s(t = m>ket2 simil> to ,belle d',orleans2 rip5s 9 ,novemb] 9 ,au/ralia4 ,dumas4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,dunkelro! ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sor4 #fhj-fhb4 #ahai4 ,big>reau ,longue ,queue4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aba1 #abb fig41 #abc1 #bai4 #ahff4 ,big>reau ,r\ge ,fonc4 #c4 ,ibid4 #b3cjb4 #ahff4 ,big>reau ,violet4 #d4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bdi fig4 #ahgg4 ,?is v>iety probably orig9at$ ) ,van ,mons 9 ,belgium ab\t #agij4 ,x 0 receiv$ by ,tru*sess a little lat] z a ,fr5* sort "u ! "n ,big>reau ,violet4 ,fruit l>ge1 elongat$-cordate1 sides compress$2 suture v di/9ct divid+ ! fruit into halves2 /em v long1 m deeply ins]t$ 9 unripe fruits2 sk9 firm b n t\gh1 yell[i%1 ov]spread ) d>k r$1 v]g+ to violet2 fle% yell[i%1 firm1 juicy2 quality excell5t2 /one free1 small1 r\ndi%-oval2 apex acutely po9t$2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,duraccia4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #bib4 #ahic4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #age4 #ahie4 ,e4 ,e4 ,goodri*1 ,santa ,cl>a1 ,cali=nia1 receiv$ cions ( ?is v>iety f ,lucca1 ,italy1 ?9k+ x to be ! fam\s ,pi/ojese us$ ext5sively 9 ,italy = br&y+4 ,fruit above m$ium 9 size1 cordate2 /em long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a l>ge1 deep1 regul> cavity2 suture deep1 ext5d+ beyond ! apex2 sk9 ?91 t\gh1 smoo?1 glossy1 f9ely pitt$1 d>k purple to almo/ black2 fle% r$ ) light] ve9+s1 firm1 meaty1 ri*1 sweet2 quality v good2 pit ( m$ium size1 plump1 p>tially adh]5t2 season at ,santa ,cl>a ! la/ ( ,july to ,augu/2 %ips well2 has n be5 report$ f ! ea/]n /ates4 ,dure ,noir ,grosse4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,n describ$4 ,dw>f ,sib]ian4 ,p4fruticosa4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aec4 #ahcb4 ,dut* ,weep+4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dh4 #ahca4 ,de ,sibrie4 #c4 ,ibid4 #ee4 #ahca4 #d4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3,no4 #bj1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 ,weep+4 #e4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bhc4 #ahcb4 ,de ,sibrie fruit rond8 #f4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejh4 #ahfj4 ,dw>f ,sib]ian belongs to ,prunus fruticosa1 ! dw>f *]ry ( ! ,old ,_w1 ( :i* ,c]asus *amaec]asus is a synonym4 ,?is *]ry 0 introduc$ into ,am]ica by ,pr9ce ( ,flu%+1 ,new ,york1 & 0 ?\ght by him to be ! mo/ suitable species to furni% /ocks = dw>f trees4 ,at be/ ! v>iety rea*es a height ( f ?ree to f\r feet ) bran*es v num]\s1 =m+ a d5se %rub4 ,! fl[]s h long p$uncles1 (t5 solit>y b are usually unit$ 9 umbels ( f ?ree to five ea*1 :i* are sessile & axill>y2 fruit globul>1 r$1 small2 fle% r$1 v acid1 t5d]4 ,e>ly ,am>ella4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,alb]tson ,hobbs ,cat4 #bf4 #aijd4 #b4 ,v9c5nes ,nur4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aijf4 ,tree upright1 h>dy1 v productive2 fruit l>ge1 brilliant r$ becom+ d>k] z x gets rip]2 /em v long4 ,e>ly ,amb]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi4 #hj4 #ahff1 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #de4 #ahca4 ,riv]'s ,e>ly ,amb] ,he>t4 #c4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bcd4 #ahda4 #d4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agg4 #ahde4 ,guigne pana*e prcoce4 #e4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ig1 #bjh4 #ahff4 ,big>reau ,ambr ,prcoce4 #f4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3di1 #ej1 fig4 #bc4 #ahff-gc4 #g4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3agd1 #age fig4 #ahgg4 ,?omas ,riv]s ( ,sawbridgewor?1 ,engl&1 is giv5 cr$it = ?is v>iety z a /ra9 ( ! old ,e>ly ,:ite ,he>t4 ,l]oy1 h[ev]1 /ates t 8 gr&fa!r propagat$ ?is *]ry "u ! "n ,c]ise ,pana*e or ,suisse1 z e>ly z #agij b )\t kn[+ its orig94 ,he dropp$ ! prcoce because o!r v>ieties rip5$ long be=e ?is "o4 ,tree vigor\s1 erect1 productive2 fruit borne 9 ?rees1 m$ium 9 size1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly compress$2 suture wide2 /em long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a /raight1 deep cavity2 sk9 firm1 m$ium ?ick1 *ang+ f lively r$ to r$di%-br[n2 fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 crack+1 ) uncolor$ juice1 sweet1 aromatic2 pit l>ge = ! fruit2 season e>ly4 ,e>ly ,black ,big>reau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #hj4 #ahff4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cjb4 #ahff4 ,fruit l>ge1 di/9ctly he>t-%ap$2 /em long2 color jet black2 fle% d>k purple1 firm1 ri*1 sweet2 excell5t2 season ! la/ ( ,june & ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,e>ly ,eug5e4 ,species8 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dcg4 #ahih4 ,report$ by ,h4 ,l4 ,mc,gee1 ,villa ,ridge1 ,ill9ois1 z be+ a h>dy & productive v>iety4 ,e>ly ,may4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #ab3cge4 #ahfa4 #b4 ,trans4 ,ill4 ,agr4 ,soc4 #e3aii4 #ahfa-fd4 #c4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort4 #a3abc4 #ahfg4 #d4 ,ibid4 #c3ah-bb4 #ahfh4 #e4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an4 #hd4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,c\ntry ,g5t4 #ci3aah4 #ahgd4 ,?is v>iety orig9at$ a g5]ation or m ago 9 ,virg9ia & 0 kn[n !re & 9 neighbor+ /ates z ,e>ly ,may4 ,lat]1 x became widely dissem9at$ 9 ! ,middle ,we/ :]e x 0 (t5 confus$ ) ,e>ly ,ri*mond1 ,late ,k5ti% & ,montmor5cy4 ,e>ly ,may %\ld n be confus$ ) a ,european *]ry ( ! same "n =m]ly gr[n ^u ! cont95t b n[ seldom se54 ,! fruit ( ! ,am]ican sort is mu* l ,e>ly ,ri*mond ?\gh ( inf]ior quality & is n[ probably :olly replac$ by ! latt] v>iety4 ,e>ly ,prolific4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aic1 #aid4 #ahed4 ,e>ly ,prolific 0 rais$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 9 #ahdb4 ,tree heal?y1 vigor\s1 upright1 slightly spread+2 fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 obtuse-cordate2 suture di/9ct2 /em v>iable2 sk9 bright c>m9e-r$ mottl$ on a light amb]-yell[ gr\nd2 fle% r t5d]1 firm1 juicy1 ri*1 sweet2 v productive2 season e>ly ,june4 ,e>ly ,r$ ,big>reau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acj4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #ha1 #id4 #ahff4 #c4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bc4 #ahgf4 ,big>reau ,r\ge de ,gub54 #d4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bdb fig41 #bdc4 #ahgg4 ,?is v>iety orig9at$ ab\t #ahde1 f se$ 9 ! g>d5 ( ! ,pomological ,society1 at ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many4 ,! ,russians1 :o 7 gr[+ x 9 #aheh1 s5t ! v>iety f ,crimea to ,m4 ,eugne ,glady1 :o 9 turn gave cions ( x to ,l]oy4 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s1 productive2 fruit usually atta*$ 9 pairs2 above m$ium to l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 m or less irregul>1 compress$2 suture indi/9ct2 /em long1 sl5d]1 ins]t$ 9 a deep cavity2 sk9 ?ick1 d>k r$ *ang+ to r$di%-br[n2 fle% d>k color$1 firm1 break+1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasant2 quality excell5t2 /one r l>ge1 ovate2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,e>ly ,r$ ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bc4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 #c4 ,riv]s ,cat4 #ah4 #ahih-ii4 ,?is *]ry1 ( unkn[n orig91 0 propagat$ by ,?omas ,riv]s ( ,sawbridgewor?1 ,engl&4 ,x is ?\ght by "s to be ,elton4 ,fruit l>ge1 pale r$2 fle% v t5d]1 ri* & good2 rip5s 9 e>ly ,june4 ,e>ly ,r$ & ,yell[4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhb4 #ahdb4 ,?is v>iety 0 rais$ by ,rob]t ,mann+1 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts1 f ! se$ ( a :ite ,big>reau4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 obtuse-cordate2 light r$ on a yell[ gr\nd2 sweet1 juicy2 good2 ripe ! la/ ( ,june4 ,e>ly ,riv]s4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #e fig41 #f4 #ahgb4 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bh1 #bjd4 #ahgf4 #c4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #aag4 #ahgh4 #d4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afb4 #ahha4 #e4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bif4 #ahhd4 ,guigne ,e>ly ,riv]s4 #f4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #ajd fig41 #aje4 #aijd4 ,e>ly ,riv]s is a se$l+ ( ,e>ly ,purple rais$ by ,?omas ,riv]s1 ,sawbridgewor?1 ,engl&2 fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahfi4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 h>dy1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 some:at unev5 & ind5t$ on ! surface2 /em long1 r sl5d]2 sk9 ?91 deep r$ *ang+ to glossy black2 fle% r$di%1 juicy1 v t5d]1 ri*1 sweet2 v good 9 quality2 /one v small1 elongat$2 season e>ly4 ,e>ly ,york4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #fff4 #ahig4 ,fruit m$ium 9 size2 fle% gre5i%-:ite1 t5d]1 juicy1 subacid4 ,eb5t] ,*]ry4 ,species8 #a4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #aaa4 #ahgi4 #b4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdg4 #ahhi4 ,?is *]ry is said to be cultivat$ on ! %ores ( ,lake ,con/ance1 ,g]many1 notably at ,l9dau & ,tettnang1 & is di/+ui%$ = its firm fle%1 l>ge size & small /one4 ,rip5s aft] all o!r table *]ries4 ,ed\>d ,s5eclause4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,n describ$4 ,elfn] ,kirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdg4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ by ,ma?ieu4 ,elizabe?4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjg4 #ahed4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,elizabe? is a se$l+ f ,caleb ,atwat]1 ,portage ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 #ahbc4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 prolific2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 flatt5$ on ! sides2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 set 9 a regul> cavity2 sk9 ri*1 d>k r$2 fle% yell[i%1 slightly t+$ ) r$1 r t5d]1 juicy1 pleasantly sweet2 pit r\ndi%-ovate2 season ! middle ( ,june4 ,emp]or ,francis4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aaa1 #aab1 fig4 #ef4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,buny>d-,?omas ,fr4 ,g>d4 #db4 #aijd4 #c4 ,j\r4 ,roy4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #cj3acc4 #aijf4 ,big>reau ,emp]eur-,francois4 #d4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #af4 #ahgf4 ,kais] ,franz ,josef4 #e4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ef4 #aijg4 #f4 ,reut4 ,pom4 ,in/4 ,fe/s*rift #abb4 #aiaj4 ,! orig9 ( ,emp]or ,francis is n giv5 9 any ( ! ref]5ces ?\gh ! v>iety seems to be q well kn[n 9 bo? ,france & ,engl&4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate2 /em r %ort2 cavity m$ium 9 size2 sk9 m>bl$ ) r$ on a yell[i%-:ite gr\nd2 fle% firm1 crisp1 sweet1 high flavor$2 /one small1 bluntly po9t$2 rip5s r late4 ,engli% ,amb]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjg1 #bjh4 #ahed4 ,probably ?is is an old v>iety kn[n "u "s o!r "n4 ,tree vigor\s1 /rong 9 gr[?1 v productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 regul>2 /em long2 sk9 delicate amb]1 mottl$ ) pale r$2 fle% :iti%-yell[1 half-t5d]1 delicate1 juicy1 v sweet2 pit ( m$ium size2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,engli% ,be>]4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,brook%aw ,pom4 ,brit ,pl4 #i4 #ahag4 #b4 ,brook%aw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #b3aca1 ,pl4 #ga fig4 #c4 #ahbc4 ,engli% ,pres]ve4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #di4 #ahca4 ,?is v>iety is gr[n 9 ,k5t1 ,engl&1 :]e x is kn[n z ,engli% ,pres]v]4 ,x is di/+ui%$ f ! ,k5ti% only by its l>g] size & ! d>k1 irregul> spots "u ! sk94 ,rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,engli% ,gask94 ,species8 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt4 #cji4 #ahed4 ,an almo/ wor?less sort m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,englis*e ,we9kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bhd4 #ahai4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%2 /em long2 sk9 t5d]1 gr\nd-color milky-:ite1 crimson :]e expos$1 on maturity ! :ite *anges to yell[i%2 juicy1 v9\s1 aromatic2 rip5s 9 ,july4 ,englis*e ,weisse ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bg4 #aheh4 ,englis*e weisse ganz frhe ,h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fhc4 #agig4 #c4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhj4 #ahjb4 #d4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bea1 #beb1 #bec4 #ahai4 ,possibly ?is is ! same z ! ,:ite ,he>t ( ,engl&4 ,x is )\t a d\bt a sep>ate v>iety f ! ,guigni] gros fruit blanc ( ,duhamel4 ,fruit above m$ium 9 size1 elongat$-cordate2 /em v long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a deep cavity2 suture a l9e1 sk9 yell[i%-:ite1 t+$ ) r$ 9 ! sun1 unev51 glossy1 transp>5t2 fle% :ite1 n v t5d]1 juicy1 sweet2 quality good2 /one ( m$ium size1 cordate1 acute2 rip5s at ! end ( ,june4 ,enopa4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 triflora4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ajh3aijh4 #b4 ,ibid4 #acj3agh ,pl4 #h4 #aiaa4 ,enopa1 a cross betwe5 ! ,s& ,*]ry & ! ,occid5t plum1 0 s5t out 9 #aijh by ! ,s\? ,dakota ,/ation4 ,fruit "o & "o-sixte5?s in*es 9 diamet]1 r\nd1 ) a m9ute prickle at ! apex2 sk9 ?91 free f ac]bity1 d>k r$1 ) blue bloom2 fle% gre54 ,episcopale4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #be1 #aic4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bfe fig4 #ahgg4 ,?is v>iety1 accord+ to ,l]oy1 0 f\nd 9 ! vic9ity ( ,p>is & 0 introduc$ by ,m4 ,jam9-,dur&1 ,b\rg-la-,re9e1 9 #ahdf4 ,! tree is di/+ui%$ f t ( ,montmor5cy 9 be+ m erect1 less d5se1 less productive2 ! fruit is m acid & lat] 9 rip5+4 ,epp]s ,wei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fg4 #aheh4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 oval1 flatt5$ at ! base1 br[ni%-r$1 ) a deep suture2 fle% cle> r$1 juicy1 /rongly subacid2 pit elongat$2 rip5s 9 ,septemb]4 ,erfurt] ,augu/kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,ob/bume #aei4 #agia4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #eej-eed4 #ahai4 ,d',a\t ,erfurt4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3hi1 #ij1 fig4 #de4 #ahhb4 ,dlices d',erfurt4 #d4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,erfurt ,delici\s4 #e4 ,g>d4 ,*ron4 #ai3dbi4 #ahif4 ,ho*g5uss ,von ,erfurt4 #f4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,?is *]ry is well kn[n 9 & ab\t ,?ur+ia =e/1 ,g]many1 :]e x is propagat$ by suck]s & is valu$ = its lat5ess4 ,tree vigor\s2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 flatt5$2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 set 9 a noticeable cavity2 suture indi/9ct2 sk9 t5d]1 glossy1 br[ni%-r$ *ang+ to purpli%-black2 fle% t5d]1 r$di%1 juicy1 sug>y1 acidulat$2 /one free1 small1 pea-%ap$2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,july4 ,etopa4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 triflora4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ajh3aijh4 #b4 ,ibid4 #acj3agi4 #aiaa4 ,etopa is a cross betwe5 ! ,s& ,*]ry & ! ,occid5t plum4 ,said to be excell5t 9 quality & rem>kable = its int5se black1 purpli% color ( sk91 fle% & juice2 sk9 ?91 free f ac]bity2 rip5s !re ab\t ,septemb] twelf?4 ,eugne ,fur/4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ah4 #ahie4 ,fr/'s ,h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bc4 #aheh4 ,fruit above m$ium 9 size1 elongat$-cordate2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 sl5d]2 sk9 black2 fle% r$1 sug>y1 acidulat$2 matures ! la/ ( ,june to ,july4 ,said to be simil> to ,may ,duke4 ,ev]be>+4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,okla4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #b3ac4 #ahib4 #b4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgf4 #aijc4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-oblate1 some:at compress$2 /em long1 ins]t$ 9 a broad1 %all[ cavity2 sk9 dull r$ to d>k r$ :5 ripe2 fle% q t5d]1 juicy1 mildly acid2 quality good4 ,excell5te ,d\ce ,t>dive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3aja1 #ajb1 ,pl4 #ahed4 ,?is *]ry 0 produc$ f se$1 9 ,france 9 #ahci4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$ at ! ends2 /em long1 /\t1 ins]t$ 9 a deep1 wide cavity2 sk9 ?91 glossy1 deep r$ mottl$ ) cle> r$ *ang+ to r$di%-black1 (t5 yell[i%-amb] 9 ! %ade2 fle% yell[i%1 melt+1 sug>y1 slightly acidulat$2 quality v good2 pit small1 yell[i%1 r\ndi%1 apex po9t$2 rip5s 9 ,augu/4 ,eyami4 ,p4 pumila ,x ,p4 triflora4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ajh3aijh4 #b4 ,ibid4 #acj3agi4 #aiaa4 ,eyami is a cross betwe5 ! ,s& ,*]ry & ! ,occid5t plum & 0 s5t out by ! ,s\? ,dakota ,/ation 9 #aijh4 ,fruit "o & ?ree-sixte5?s by "o & five-sixte5?s in*es 9 size1 r\nd2 sk9 ?91 d>k r$1 semi-transp>5t2 fle% gre51 pleasant2 pit l>ge4 ,ezaptan4 ,p4 pumila ,x ,p4 triflora4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #acj3ahj ,pl4 #i1 #aha4 #aiaa4 ,ezaptan1 a cross betwe5 ! ,s& ,*]ry & ! ,occid5t plum1 0 introduc$ 9 #aiaa by ! ,s\? ,dakota ,/ation4 ,x is rem>kable = its e>ly & heavy be>+2 sk9 ?91 free f ac]bity1 d>k purple2 fle% black purpli%-r$ to ! pit4 ,fav]%am ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #di4 #ahca4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,favorite4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjg fig4 #ahed4 ,elliott's ,favorite4 #b4 ,horticulturi/ #b3abd4 #ahdg-dh4 #c4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cfa4 #ahdi4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 ,favorite is "o ( ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&'s *]ries orig9at+ 9 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 9 #ahdb1 f a pit ( ,yell[ ,spani%1 probably cross$ ) ,black ,t>t>ian1 ,black ,mazz>d1 or ,may ,duke4 ,! tree resembles ,am]ican ,he>t :ile ! fruit is simil> to ,*oisy 9 flavor & texture b l>g]4 ,tree vigor\s1 half-spread+1 productive2 fruit m$ium 9 size1 r\nd1 regul>1 slightly compress$2 /em long1 set 9 an ev5 & regul> cavity2 sk9 pale amb]-yell[1 ) a bright1 m>bl$1 c>m9e-r$ *eek2 fle% pale amb]1 transluc5t1 t5d]1 delicate1 juicy1 ) a sweet1 f9e flavor2 pit small1 angul>1 smoo?4 ,fe/fleis*ige ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ce fig41 #cf4 #ahfg4 ,grosse dunkel braunro! ,kramelkirs*e4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3c1 ,tab4 #g fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,grosse s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e mit fe/em ,fleis*4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #aic-aie4 #ahai4 ,big>reau-noir *air trs-f]me4 #d4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #ahi4 #ahgf4 ,?is *]ry has ! h>de/ fle% ( all ! black1 h>d-fle%$ *]ries1 diff]+ f ! ,grosse ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e 9 its firm] fle%4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit r l>ge1 plump1 truncate at ! apex1 sides compress$2 suture n prom95t2 /em /\t1 long1 set 9 a v>iable cavity2 sk9 t\gh1 almo/ black at maturity2 fle% v firm1 juicy1 color$1 v sweet1 al?\gh ) a mixture ( s\rness2 /one small1 turgid1 cordate1 sides compress$1 cl++2 rip5s late4 ,flagg4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,cult4 ,c\nt4 ,g5t4 #da3ejb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afd4 #ahha4 ,flagg 0 introduc$ by its orig9ator1 ,d4 ,b4 ,wi]1 ,lacon1 ,ill9ois1 z ,wi]'s ,e>ly ,k5ti%1 a select$ se$l+ ( ,e>ly ,ri*mond1 h>di] & t5 days e>li]4 ,tree sl5d]1 %ort-jo9t$1 regul>ly conical1 mod]ate 9 gr[?2 at its be/ 9 high1 dry1 airy situations1 ) light soil2 fruit m$ium 9 size1 he>t-%ap$2 sk9 black1 firm2 fle% t5d]1 purpli%-r$1 juicy1 *ang+ f a ri* subacid to a v sweet1 ri* flavor2 pit small2 adapt$ to kit*5 & table use4 ,flam5t9e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #baa-bae4 #ahai4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3acg1 #ach1 fig4 #fg4 #ahff-gc4 ,big>reauti] petit fruit htif4 #c4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afe1 #aff4 #agfh4 ,big>reau petit fruit blanc4 #d4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #df4 #ahca4 ,e>ly ,guigne4 #e4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aaa1 #aab4 #ahcb4 ,e>ly ,:ite ,big>reau4 #f4 ,ibid4 #b3abi4 #ahcb4 ,petite ,big>reau htif4 #g4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3acj1 #aca4 #ahff4 ,big>reau ,blanc 7,petit74 #h4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ahb fig41 #ahc4 #ahgg4 ,trk9e8 #i4 ,reut4 ,pom4 ,in/4 ,fe/s*rift #aba4 #aiaj4 ,?is *]ry probably orig9at$ m ?an a c5tury ago 9 ! vic9ity ( ,ang]s1 ,france4 ,names ( :olly di/9ct v>ieties h sometimes be5 atta*$ to x caus+ mu* confusion 9 ! nom5clature4 ,tree /rong1 vigor\s1 productive2 fruit usually 9 ?rees1 above m$ium 9 size1 obtuse-cordate1 flatt5$ at ! base1 compress$2 suture (t5 a l9e2 /em long1 almo/ /\t1 ins]t$ 9 a deep1 n>r[ cavity2 sk9 ?91 glossy1 :iti%-yell[1 mottl$ ) d>k r$2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 transp>5t1 r firm1 juicy1 aromatic1 sug>y2 fir/ quality2 /one small1 oval2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,flemi% ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,a small1 r$1 obtuse-cordate fruit ( fair quality & t5d] fle%1 rip5+ e>ly 9 ,july4 ,fleurs ,d\bles4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3agd4 #agfh4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #di4 #ahca4 ,great rose4 #c4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #djb1 #egd4 #afbi4 ,d\ble ,fl\r$ ,*]ry4 #d4 ,g]>de ,h]ball #aeje fig4 #h4 #afcf4 ,bloem-k]s d\ble4 #e4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce1 #ch4 #agga4 ,wei*selbaum mit sehr gross gefllt] ,bl!4 #f4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3e1 ,tab4 #aa fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,glaskirs*e mit dickgefllt] ,bl!4 #g4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fhj4 #agig4 ,am>ell5baum mit ganz gefllt] ,blte4 #h4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fdj-fdd4 #ahai4 ,small ,d\ble ,fl[]+4 #i4 ,pr9ce ,treat4 ,hort4 #ca4 #ahbh4 ,dw>f ,d\ble ,fl[]+4 #aj4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aea1 #aeb4 #ahcb4 ,geflltblh5de ,am>elle4 #aa4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fh4 #aheh4 ,! tree ( ?is v>iety1 unlike _m o!r d\ble-fl[]+ sorts1 atta9s b mod]ate size1 9 _m cases is b a bu% or %rub4 ,! blossoms are exce$+ly d\ble1 v %[y1 ) a slight t+e ( p9k on op5+1 ! bloom+ season ext5d+ ov] ?ree or f\r weeks4 ,frequ5tly ! blossoms h small leaflets int]m+l$ ) ! petals1 :ile (t5 a small] fl[] appe>s to rise out ( ! c5t] ( ano!r4 ,! trees v seldom1 if ev]1 be>4 ,tru*sess reports hav+ fruit$ x twice 9 t5 ye>s4 ,! e>ly ,engli% writ]s make brief m5tion ( sev]al d\ble-fl[]+ sorts :i* h be5 includ$ "u ?is v>iety4 ,fleurs ,semi-d\bles4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3agc1 ,pl4 ,v4 #agfh4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #di4 #ahca4 ,less] rose4 #c4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #djb1 #egd4 #afbi4 ,r$-fl[]$4 #d4 ,ray ,hi/4 ,plant4 #aech4 #afhh4 ,bloem-k]s d\ble4 #e4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce1 #ch4 #agga4 ,gefllt] ,kirs*baume4 #f4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #dc1 #dd4 #agij4 ,wei*sel mit halbgefllt] ,bl!4 #g4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3i1 ,tab4 #ba fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,glaskirs*e mit halbgefllt] ,bl!4 #h4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fhj4 #agig4 ,g$oppelte ,am>elle mit halbgefllt] ,blte4 #i4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fdf-fdi4 #ahai4 ,halbgeflltblh5de ,am>elle4 #aj4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fh4 #aheh4 ,am>elle mit halbgefllt] ,bl!4 #aa4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ic fig41 #id4 #ahfg4 ,! home ( ?is *]ry is n kn[n1 x hav+ be5 greatly confus$ ) o!r d\ble-fl[]+ sorts4 ,! fl[]s h a d\ble r[ ( f fifte5 to tw5ty petals & (t5 h two pi/ils1 especially on ! old] trees4 ,^! g5]ally be> tw9-fruits ?\gh (t5 ! pi/ils are *ang$ into small1 gre5 leaves1 9 :i* case ! fl[]s are nei!r l>ge nor attractive4 ,! tree is ( ! ,am>elle type1 small1 bloom+ pr(usely2 fruit mod]ately r\nd1 compress$ on "o side ) a %all[ suture2 /em long1 /\t2 cavity wide2 sk9 cle> r$1 becom+ d>k] & fleck$ ) br[n2 fle% :iti%1 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 pleas+1 subacid at fir/2 /one oval1 bluntly po9t$1 (t5 small & r\nd1 free :5 fully ripe2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,florian] ,kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3cd4 #aheh4 ,a productive se$l+ ,big>reau ( m$ium size1 elongat$1 angul>2 /em %ort1 /\t2 sk9 black2 fle% sweet1 aromatic2 second quality2 rip5s at ! end ( ,june4 ,folg]kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhc4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dae-dai4 #ahai4 ,hollndis*e ,folg]kirs*e incor4 #c4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fgc4 #agig4 ,c]ise de ,folg]4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aeh1 #bji4 #ahff4 ,a few au?ors describe ?is *]ry z ,volg]s2 ! ,volg] describ$ by ,knoop 9 #agga1 h[ev]1 is a di/9ct v>iety4 ,duhamel's v>iety1 ,c]ise-,guigne1 is possibly ! same4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 truncate at ! base1 9 unfavorable seasons ! apex & sides are /rongly compress$1 ) a noticeable suture2 /em /\t1 long1 set 9 a wide cavity2 sk9 deep r$di%-purple1 glossy1 t5d]2 fle% delicate1 sweet ) a piquant ta/e2 /one small1 turgid1 r\ndi%-oval4 ,folg]s ,swolfe4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bib4 #ahjb4 ,accord+ to ,*ri/1 ,salzman says t 9 ,holl& sev]al ,s\r ,*]ries 7 kn[n z ,folg]s4 ,?is is a l>ge1 black1 pleasant subacid fruit ) a v *>act]i/ic gr[?4 ,f\*e ,morello4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,am4 ,g>d4 #i3bfd4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3ge4 #aijc4 ,?is v>iety is said to h be5 import$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 ,ames1 ,i[a1 f ,riga1 ,russia1 :]e x 0 f\nd plant$ along walks & drives4 ,tree r small2 fruit small1 r\ndi%-oblate2 cavity %all[1 broad2 /em sl5d]1 r long2 suture a l9e2 sk9 ?91 r t\gh1 d>k r$ *ang+ to crimson2 fle% firm1 break+1 juicy1 color$1 sprightly subacid2 quality fair2 /one ne>ly r\nd1 ( m$ium size2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,frau5dorf]4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abe4 #aijj4 ,frau5dorf] ,wei*sel4 #b4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #eac fig41 #ead4 #ahfa4 #c4 ,montreal ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ajc4 #ahhf-hg4 ,griotte de ,frau5dorf4 #d4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bb1 #aid4 #ahgf4 ,?is v>iety 0 import$ into ?is c\ntry by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd 9 #ahhc f ,nor? ,silesia4 ,! ,montreal ,horticultural ,society believes two =ms exi/1 "o f ,nor? ,silesia be+ p]fectly h>dy :ile ano!r f ,metz1 ,g]many1 is f> less s4 ,tree productive2 bran*es droop+2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-oblate2 suture %all[2 /em long2 cavity small2 sk9 ?91 glossy1 d>k r$ at maturity2 fle% t5d]1 t9t$ ) abundant1 uncolor$ juice1 acidulat$2 /one l>ge2 matures ! la/ ( ,june & ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,fr5* ,am>elle4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #di3dec4 #ahij4 ,trees ?rifty & tall b set fruit sp>+ly2 fruit l>ge1 yell[ ) a blu%1 two weeks lat] ?an ,e>ly ,ri*mond4 ,fr5* ,wei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #af3ii4 #ahia4 ,9 ! ref]5ce ?is *]ry is li/$ z a ,russian v>iety introduc$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd4 ,if s1 x 0 probably "u "s o!r "n1 z x seems n to be m5tion$ by ,budd4 ,frogmore ,e>ly ,big>reau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,g>d4 ,*ron4 #fjf4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bih4 #ahhd4 #c4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #adh fig4 #ahfg4 #d4 ,buny>d-,?omas ,fr4 ,g>d4 #dc4 #aijd4 ,frogmore ,e>ly ,prolific4 #e4 ,daniels ,bros4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahie4 ,frogmore ,big>reau4 #f4 ,agr4 ,gaz4 ,n4 ,s4 ,wales4 #iih4 #aijh4 ,unlike ! re/ ( its class1 ?is *]ry has t5d] fle% b is a ,big>reau 9 tree-habit1 leaf & 9 appe>ance ( fruit1 & is !re=e classifi$ z su*4 ,! v>iety is a se$l+ rais$ by ,?omas ,+ram ( ! ,frogmore ,royal ,g>d5s at ,w9dsor1 ,b]k%ire1 ,engl&4 ,tree be>s freely 9 clu/]s2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly compress$1 ) a fa9t suture2 /em long1 set 9 a small cavity2 sk9 wax51 orange-yell[1 ) a network ( r$ & a blu% ( deep] r$ on ! sunny side2 fle% ( a primrose color1 v t5d]1 transluc5t1 ri*1 sweet2 /one spoon-%ap$1 ind5t$ on "o side2 season e>ly b %ort4 ,frogmore ,e>ly ,cr[n4 ,species8 #a4 ,g>d4 ,*ron4 #cfd4 #ahff4 ,also a se$l+ f ,mr4 ,+ram4 ,x is a small1 r$ fruit ab\t t5 days e>li] ?an ,may ,duke1 ( a ri* flavor :5 fully ripe4 ,frogmore ,late ,big>reau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #bbi1 ,pl4 fig4 #a4 #ahgd4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ae4 #ahie4 ,/ill ano!r se$l+ rais$ by ,+ram ( ! ,frogmore ,royal ,g>d5s4 ,fruit l>ge1 bluntly he>t-%ap$1 hang+ long )\t crack+2 suture slight2 /em v long2 sk9 pale1 waxy-yell[1 bright r$ on ! sunny side2 fle% t5d]1 juicy2 season v late4 ,frogmore ,morrelo4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 ,new ,frogmore ,morello4 #b4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,g>d4 #b3edc4 #ahhe4 ,?is v>iety attract$ notice on acc\nt ( ! p]fection to :i* x _h be5 br\ght 9 ! ,royal ,g>d5s at ,frogmore1 ,b]k%ire1 ,engl&1 :]e x is believ$ to h orig9at$4 ,= productiv5ess & size x is said to f> surpass ! old ,morello4 ,fromm ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #fc fig41 #fd4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3fh1 #fi fig41 #gj4 #ahff4 #c4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cbb1 #cbc fig4 #ahgg4 #d4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #edi4 #aija4 ,fromms ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e4 #e4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #afd1 #fgd4 #ahai4 #f4 ,liegel ,sy/4 ,anleit4 #aej1 #aea4 #ahbe4 ,fromm ,he>t 0 obta9$ f se$ 9 #ahjf by ,fromm1 at ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many4 ,9 s&y soils & favorable ye>s ! trees are v productive2 fruit usually borne 9 pairs1 above m$ium 9 size1 truncate-cordate1 sides compress$2 suture %all[2 /em ( s+le fruits long1 /\t1 ins]t$ 9 a wide1 deep cavity2 sk9 d>k r$di%-br[n to glossy black2 fle% t5d]1 d>k r$1 juicy1 sug>y1 pleas+ly acidulat$1 aromatic2 second quality2 pit m$ium 9 size1 turgid1 r\ndi%2 rip5s ! ?ird week ( ! *]ry season4 ,frhe bunte ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bbb1 #bbc1 #bbd4 #ahai4 ,frhe ,lange ,weisse ,h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bgh4 #ahjb4 ,guigne pana*e longue prcoce4 #c4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aii4 #ahgf4 ,?is *]ry is easily recogniz$ by its elongat$1 cyl9drical =m & %\ld n be confus$ ) sev]al o!rs ( simil> type4 ,x 0 f\nd ne> ,we9b]ge1 ,g]many1 by ,bttn] :o s5t x to ,tru*sess 9 #agig4 ,fruit m$ium 9 size1 cyl9drical1 flatt5$ on bo? sides1 slightly drawn 9 at ! apex & base2 suture di/9ct on "o side2 /em long1 ins]t$ 9 a %all[ cavity2 sk9 yell[1 blu%$ & fa9tly spla%$ ) r$ :]e expos$2 fle% pale yell[ ) a slight r$ t+e und]nea? ! sk91 mod]ately firm1 juicy1 )\t mu* sweetness2 /one small1 elongat$1 po9t$ at ! apex2 rip5s e>ly4 ,frhe ,kurz/ielige ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,m5tion$ z a black1 h>d-fle%$ *]ry4 ,frhe ,maikirs*e4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cia-cid4 #ahai4 ,frhe ,maikirs*e diff]s f ,may ,duke 9 be+ d>k] ( sk9 & juice1 small] 9 size1 sweet]1 & less di/9ct 9 suture4 ,frhe ,morello4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ahe fig41 #ahf4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cjf4 #ahff4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3dg1 #dh fig4 #bd4 #ahhb4 #d4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdi4 #ahhi4 ,an old v>iety ( unc]ta9 orig94 ,tree l>ge1 spread+2 fruit (t5 l>ge1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$2 suture indi/9ct2 /em sl5d]1 %all[ly ins]t$2 sk9 t5d]1 ne>ly black :5 mature2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 d>k r$1 acidulat$2 /one r\nd1 plump2 rip5s ! fir/ ( ,june 9 ,france4 ,frhe ,sau]kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #eed1 #eee4 #ahai4 ,?is *]ry is ?\ght to be a sub-v>iety ( ,kirs*e von d] ,natte4 ,tree m$ium 9 gr[?2 bran*es sl5d]2 fruit m$ium 9 size1 r\nd1 sides compress$2 /em long2 cavity %all[2 sk9 t\gh1 black2 fle% t5d]1 d>k r$1 juicy1 s\r1 )\t a trace ( sweetness2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,frhe ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bgg4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #aig1 #aih1 #fgd1 #fge4 #ahai4 ,obta9$ by ,bttn] 9 #agig :o lat] s5t x to ,tru*sess4 ,tree productive2 fruit small1 r\ndi%-cordate1 compress$2 suture di/9ct2 /em ( m$ium l5g?2 sk9 glossy1 r$di%-black deep5+ to black2 fle% h>d1 r$di%-black1 juicy1 sweet1 ) a slight bitt]ness2 /one ovate1 r l>ge2 rip5s ! fir/ half ( ,july4 ,frhe von d] ,natte4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #aec fig41 #aed4 #ahfj4 ,frhe ,natte aus ,sam54 #b4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fga4 #agig4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dac1 #dad1 #dae4 #ahai4 ,frhe ,ssswei*sel von d] ,natt4 #d4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3di4 #aheh4 ,htive de ,nattes4 #e4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aeh1 #cjd4 #ahff4 ,natte htive de semis4 #f4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,*ri/ receiv$ ?is *]ry 9 #agic1 z ,frhe von d] ,natte aus ,saam54 ,fruit above m$ium 9 size1 cordate1 flatt5$ on "o side2 suture di/9ct2 /em long1 (t5 divid+ ab\t an in* d[n into two1 ?ree1 or f\r /ems2 apex depress$2 sk9 glossy1 d>k br[n :5 ripe2 fle% d>k r$1 s(t1 t5d]1 juicy1 refre%+1 subacid2 /one m$ium1 oval2 rip5s e>ly4 ,frh] ,gobet4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fai-fba4 #ahai4 ,gobet ,htif4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3abe1 #abf1 fig4 #fa4 #ahff-gc4 ,tru*sess receiv$ ?is v>iety f ,may] z ,gros ,gobet :i* x resembles v closely 9 size1 =m1 & flavor b is mu* e>li] & n z flatt5$4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 flatt5$2 suture b a l9e2 /em "o in* long1 (t5 %ort]1 /raight2 cavity %all[2 color cle> r$1 becom+ d>k]2 fle% :iti% ) a r$di% ca/1 t5d]1 juicy1 pleas+ly acid2 /one small1 r\nd1 free b hang+ to ! /em4 ,frhe/e ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bjg-baj4 #ahai4 ,weiss und ro! grosse ,h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3b1 ,tab4 #c fig4 #a4 #agib4 #c4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bgg4 #ahjb4 ,frhkirs*e8 #d4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fgb4 #agig4 ,frhe/e bunte ,molk5kirs*e4 #e4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bf4 #aheh4 ,guigne pana*e trs-prcoce4 #f4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cjb4 #ahff4 #g4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ac1 #ad1 fig4 #g4 #ahhb4 ,! orig9 ( ?is v>iety is unkn[n al?\gh x probably orig9at$ 9 ,au/ria1 z ! celebrat$ ,au/rian pomologi/1 ,kraft1 0 ! fir/ to m5tion x4 ,tree vigor\s & 9 favorable seasons productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 obtuse-cordate1 compress$1 ) a suture2 /em m$ium1 set 9 a deep1 n>r[ cavity2 sk9 t5d]1 yell[i%-:ite1 /rip$ ) r$ ar\nd ! base1 spott$ ab\t ! apex2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 ) cle> juice1 sweet1 pleas+1 det]iorates on hang+2 /one small1 oval-cordate1 cl++2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,may4 ,frhe/e d] ,m>k4 ,species8 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cej4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,lucas ,h&b4 ,ob/4 #aba4 #ahic4 #c4 ,lange ,allgem4 ,g>t54 #ddj4 #ahig4 ,fruit m$ium to above1 truncate-cordate2 /em v long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a wide1 deep cavity2 sk9 purpli%1 glossy2 fle% r$di%1 firm1 pleas+2 rip5s e>ly4 ,fr/ ,s*w>ze ,septemb]kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,liegel ,sy/4 ,anleit4 #aec4 #ahbe4 ,discov]$ by ,liegel 9 ,braunau1 ,bohemia1 ,au/ria1 & nam$ = 8 fri5d ,i4 ,e4 ,fr/4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit small1 oblate2 /em v long2 sk9 black2 fle% firm1 sweet1 aromatic2 /one l>ge2 "o ( ! la/ to rip51 ,septemb] to ,octob]4 ,galu%a4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afe4 #ahha4 ,?is *]ry is se$l+ ,no4 #aa f ,d4 ,b4 ,wi]1 ,lacon1 ,ill9ois4 ,tree h>dy1 vigor\s1 an abundant be>]2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 light r$ *ang+ to a v d>k1 bright r$2 subacid becom+ a ri* sweet2 rip5s ?ree days be=e ,e>ly ,ri*mond4 ,gamdale4 ,species8 #a4 ,horticulturi/ #ag3dih4 #ahfb4 ,a *]ry describ$ by ,e4 ,mann+1 ,h>risburg1 ,ohio1 z ( second rank 9 size & quality4 ,g>c9e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ge fig41 #gf1 #gg4 #ahff4 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bd1 #aih4 #ahgf4 ,g>c9e 0 obta9$ f se$ ab\t #ahjh by ,m4 ,g>c9e1 ne> ,gr5oble1 ,isre1 ,france4 ,x is propagat$ 9 t locality by suck]s1 h5ce x 0 call$ by "s1 ,av5turire4 ,tree pyramidal1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 oblate1 ends drawn 9 & flatt5$1 sides convex2 /em long1 ins]t$ 9 a l>ge1 deep cavity2 sk9 glossy black2 fle% d>k1 firm1 sug>y1 aromatic1 juicy2 /one l>ge1 turgid2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,g>d9]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,me4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #bb3age4 #aijf4 ,g>d9] is a se$l+ ( ,black ,t>t>ian4 ,x is frequ5tly kill$ back by sev]e w9t]s 9 ,ma9e4 ,gask9s4 ,species8 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bih4 #ahhd4 ,gask9s is a corruption ( ,gascoignes4 ,ab\t ,rye1 ,sussex1 ,engl&1 ! "n is /ill 9 g5]al use1 ! p believ+ ! v>iety 0 br\ght f ,gascony1 ,france4 ,gau*]s ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ef4 #aijg4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,ge]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aef4 #ahig4 ,ge] is a new *]ry f ea/]n ,oregon said to be lat] ?an ,napoleon & to surpass x 9 size & quality4 ,gelbe ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,ob/bume #afa4 #agia4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cdb-cdi4 #ahai4 ,gross] weiss] glnz5d] ,h]zkirs*baum4 #c4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3b1 ,tab4 #d fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,guigne ,jaune4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ii1 #cjc4 #ahff4 ,guigne ,grosse ambre4 #e4 ,le ,bon ,j>d4 #cde4 #ahhb4 ,fir/ m5tion$ 9 #aghf z ,gelbe or ,weisse ,h]zkirs*e4 ,x is di/+ui%$ f ,goldgelbe ,h]zkirs*e ?r\gh its cordate =m1 light] color & e>li] rip5+4 ,fruit above m$ium 9 size1 borne 9 twos & ?rees1 cordate1 sides compress$2 suture %all[2 /em long1 sl5d]1 slightly ins]t$2 sk9 pale yell[1 glossy1 t\gh1 adh]5t1 blu%$ ) r$ on ! sides2 fle% cle>1 n t5d]1 juicy1 acidulat$2 /one free1 small1 elongat$-cordate2 rip5s 9 ,july4 ,gelbe ,wa*skirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cee1 #fhe1 #fhf4 #ahai4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3cc4 #aheh4 ,an unproductive se$l+ f ! ,nor? ,sea1 rip5+ lat] ?an ,gelbe ,h]zkirs*e :i* x resembles4 ,fruit m$ium 9 size1 r\nd1 flatt5$2 /em long2 sk9 glossy1 cle> waxy-yell[1 transp>5t2 fle% yell[i%1 firm1 mod]ately sweet1 )\t aroma2 rip5s f ! middle to ! end ( ,july4 ,geme9e ,glaskirs*e4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bib4 #ahjb4 ,?is is a well-kn[n ,duke *]ry 9 ,g]many4 ,tree l>ge2 fruit l>ge1 almo/ r\nd2 sk9 cle>1 light r$ on a yell[ gr\nd2 fle% melt+1 ) uncolor$ juice1 pleasant s\rness2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july & la/s a long :ile4 ,g5esee4 ,p4 avium4 ,a *ance se$l+ ( ! ,big>reau type orig9at+ ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s ago & rec5tly introduc$ by ,j4 ,a4 ,morgan ( ,scottsville1 ,new ,york4 ,! fruit is above m$ium 9 size1 cordate1 compress$2 cavity %all[1 wide1 fl>+2 suture a l9e2 apex r\ndi%2 /em sl5d]1 long2 sk9 m$ium ?ick1 t5d]1 adh]5t1 d>k r$ mottl$ ) amb]2 dots num]\s1 small1 obscure2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 juicy1 meaty1 crisp1 mild1 sweet2 quality good2 /one cl++1 m$ium1 ovate1 flatt5$1 smoo?1 slightly t+$ r$2 use late m>ket4 ,g]man4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #afi3aii4 #ahii4 ,g]man 7,kraus74 #b4 ,ibid4 #adc3aha4 #ahig4 ,g]man is said to h be5 introduc$ into ,mi*igan f ,new ,york4 ,tree vigor\s1 ?\gh n productive2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate2 /em long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a broad1 mod]ately deep cavity2 color v d>k r$1 ne>ly black2 fle% firm1 r$1 sweet1 slightly bitt]1 ) d>k juice2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,g]man ,morello4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adg4 #ahcb4 ,griotte d',allemagne4 #b4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aib1 #aic1 ,pl4 ,,xiv4 #agfh4 #c4 ,*ri/ ,ob/bume #aei4 #agia4 #d4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bgf1 #bgg fig4 #ahgg4 ,deuts*] ,griotti] ,wei*selbaum4 #e4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3f1 ,tab4 #af fig4 #b4 #agib4 ,deuts*e ,griotte4 #f4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fge4 #agig4 #g4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #efi1 #egj1 #ega4 #ahai4 ,grosse ,deuts*e ,belzkirs*e4 #h4 ,ibid4 #dba4 #ahai4 ,griotte de ,*aux4 #i4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,g]man ,duke4 #aj4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bhj4 #ahcb4 ,deuts*e ,wei*sel4 #aa4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fb4 #aheh4 ,ssswei*sel von ,*aux4 #ab4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ga fig41 #gb4 #ahfg4 ,de ,*aux4 #ac4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dgh4 #ahfi4 ,c]ise d',allemagne4 #ad4 ,le ,bon ,j>d4 #cdf4 #ahhb4 ,?is old v>iety is badly confus$ ) o!r *]ries & its orig9 is unc]ta94 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-oblate2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity deep1 wide2 sk9 glossy1 t\gh1 br[ni%1 almo/ black2 fle% firm1 d>k r$1 juicy1 ) pleas+ acidity1 sweet if 9 a dry1 w>m soil2 /one l>ge1 oval-po9t$2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july2 productive4 ,g]m]sdorf4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3fj4 #aijj4 ,big>reau noir de ,g]m]sdorf4 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bb1 #ahi4 #ahgf4 ,g]m]sdorf] ,grosse ,kirs*e4 #c4 ,lau*e ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,iii3 ,no4 #g1 ,pl4 #ahhb4 ,a se$l+ ( ,g]man orig94 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 productive2 fruit v l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate2 suture di/9ct2 /em m$ium1 set 9 a deep1 wide cavity2 sk9 d>k br[n ) d>k spots & /reaks2 fle% r firm1 light r$1 juice t9t$1 sweet1 pleas+ly acidulat$2 /one ( m$ium size1 oval2 rip5s ! fif? week ( ! season4 ,ges*iltztblttrige ,ssswei*sel4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3dg4 #aheh4 ,an ornam5tal *]ry di/+ui%$ f ,may ,duke ?r\gh its small] fruit & lac9iat$ leaves4 ,ge/riefte ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bei1 #bfj4 #ahai4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3cj4 #aheh4 ,fruit cordate2 /em long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a %all[ cavity2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 :ite1 /reak$ ) r$1 :i*1 if all[$ to rema9 on ! tree1 becomes ne>ly solid r$2 fle% t5d]1 s(t1 fibr\s "u ! sk91 juicy1 colorless1 honey-sweet1 refre%+2 rip5s 9 ,july la/+ ab\t ?ree weeks4 ,gewhnli*e ,muskatell]kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fgb4 #agig4 ,fruit small] ?an t ( ! ,black or ,r$ ,muskatell]1 r\ndi%1 v d>k br[n1 almo/ black2 fle% r$1 pleasant subacid2 rip5s at ! end ( ,june4 ,giant4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,burbank ,cat4 #h4 #aiad4 ,giant 0 gr[n 9 #aijj by ,lu!r ,burbank & introduc$ by ,! ,lu!r ,burbank ,company 9 #aiad4 ,x is claim$ by its introduc] t x is ! l>ge/ *]ry gr[n4 ,tree rapid 9 gr[?1 ) l>ge & heavy foliage2 fruit glossy black1 ri*1 sweet1 delici\s2 rip5s 9 ,cali=nia ab\t ,june #bj?4 ,gibb4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #b3ci4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gi4 #ahij4 #c4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3ag4 #aiaj4 ,gibb 0 import$ f ,orel1 ,c5tral ,russia1 )\t a "n4 ,x is mu* l ,brussel] ,braune 9 tree1 fruit1 & 9 habit ( be>+ a d\ble crop ( blossoms & fruit1 b is h>di]4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate2 /em /\t2 sk9 ?ick1 t5d]1 d>k crimson *ang+ to purpli%-r$2 fle% d>k r$1 meaty2 quality good2 /one l>ge1 oblong2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,july to e>ly ,augu/4 ,gif=d4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bgj4 #aheg4 ,fruit small1 light r$1 r\ndi%-cordate1 v sweet2 productive2 season ! la/ ( ,june4 ,gla%]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bdf-bdh4 #ahai4 ,grosse ,glas-,h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bha4 #ahjb4 ,glas-,molk5kirs*e4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3cj1 #ca4 #aheh4 ,?is *]ry diff]s f o!rs ( its class 9 be+ r\nd]1 d>k]1 & lat]4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 convex on "o side1 compress$ on ! o!r1 ) a %all[ suture2 /em long1 sl5d]1 %all[ly ins]t$2 sk9 m+l$ ) dull r$ & cle> :ite1 (t5 /reak$2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 b n high2 /one l>ge1 acutely po9t$2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,glaskirs*e von d] ,natte4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dgj-dgc1 #fhi4 #ahai4 ,accord+ to ,tru*sess ?is v>iety is v simil> to1 & (t5 tak5 = ,d\ble ,natte1 ,frhe von d] ,natte1 & ,d\ble ,glass4 ,glasskirs*e ,kurz/ielige4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cca4 #ahhe4 ,?is ,sweet ,*]ry is suppos$ to h come f ,vilna1 ,russia4 ,gloire de ,france4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bf1 #aid4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bga1 #bgb fig4 #ahgg4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afb4 #ahha4 ,bonnema94 #d4 ,guide ,prat4 #i1 #ahd4 #ahie4 ,orig9at$ f se$ by ,augu/e ,bonnema91 ,etamps1 ,se9e-et-,oise1 ,france1 fruit+ 9 #ahde = ! fir/ "t4 ,on ,mazz>d /ock ! tree nev] rea*es full size b on ,mahaleb x gr[s l>ge & regul> & is m globul> 9 =m4 ,at be/ x is only mod]ately productive4 ,fruit borne 9 ?rees1 m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-oblate1 some:at depress$2 suture broad1 %all[1 (t5 indi/9ct2 apex r l>ge1 slightly depress$2 /em %ort1 ?ick1 ins]t$ 9 a wide cavity2 sk9 a r$di%-brick color1 occasionally mottl$ ) gre5i%-br[n 9 ! %ade & r$ on ! sunny side2 fle% pale r$1 grayi%1 transp>5t1 r t5d] & fibr\s1 ) abundant juice1 sprightly acidulat$1 agreeable2 pit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-oval1 convex2 season ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,gold5 ,knob4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,gold5 ,knob is a wor?less1 m$ium-siz$1 oval *]ry rip5+ ! middle ( ,july2 sk9 yell[ & fle% firm4 ,goldgelbe ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cej-ced4 #ahai4 ,kle9e ,ambra1 or ,goldgelb] ,h]zkirs*baum4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3b1 ,tab4 #d fig4 #b4 #agib4 ,kle9e ,ambra4 #c4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffe4 #agig4 ,di/+ui%$ f o!r yell[ ,he>t *]ries by its r\nd =m1 d>k yell[ color1 & r firm fle%4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%2 suture a l9e2 /em v long1 sl5d]1 deeply ins]t$2 sk9 ?91 t\gh1 readily remov$1 transp>5t1 glossy1 gold5-yell[2 fle% mod]ately t5d]1 yell[i%1 ) d>k] spots %[+ ?r\gh ! sk91 v juicy1 ) a pleas+ sweetness :5 ripe2 /one ( m$ium size1 oval1 slightly adh]5t2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,goldsmi? ,black ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 ,m5tion$ b n describ$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,goodspe$4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3gj4 #aijc4 ,goodspe$ is ( ! ,montmor5cy type rip5+ j aft] ,e>ly ,ri*mond4 ,! trees are long-liv$ & regul> be>]s4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 oblate1 slightly cordate2 cavity deep1 broad2 suture %all[2 /em %ort1 /\t2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 d>k r$2 fle% mod]ately firm1 t5d]1 ) uncolor$ juice1 slightly subacid2 quality good2 /one free1 ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-ovate4 ,gormley4 ,species8 #a4 ,c4 ,hort4 #bj3cag4 #ahig4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ba3big4 #ahig4 ,?is h>dy se$l+1 n[ ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s old1 0 f\nd by ,john ,gormley ( ,pick]+1 ,canada4 ,x resembles ,montmor5cy 9 color1 ,engli% ,morello 9 %ape1 & a ,big>reau 9 texture4 ,its firm1 yell[i% fle% p>ts readily f ! pit4 ,gottorp]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bhi1 #bij1 #bia4 #ahai4 #b4 ,liegel ,sy/4 ,anleit4 #aei4 #ahbe4 ,gottorp] ,m>morkirs*e4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3da4 #aheh4 ,c]ise de ,gottorpe4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aag-aai4 #ahff4 ,orig9at$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,coburg1 ,g]many1 t[>d ! latt] "p ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,x resembles ,yell[ ,spani%4 ,tree above m$ium 9 size1 v productive2 fruit abruptly cordate to r\ndi%2 /em %ort1 sl5d]2 cavity %all[2 sk9 t\gh1 r$1 mottl$ ) yell[2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 n v firm1 juicy1 usually v sweet1 slightly aromatic2 /one small1 oblate1 free2 rip5s ! f\r? week ( ! *]ry season2 cracks 9 ! ra9 :5 ne>ly mature2 excell5t = home use4 ,g\ld ,no4 ,x4 ,species8 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #baa4 #ahif4 ,report$ by ! ,ill9ois ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahif4 ,gov]nor ,luce4 ,species8 #a4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #adc3aha4 #ahig4 ,li/$ z gr[+ at ! ,mi*igan ,/ation4 ,graf5burg] ,frhkirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,reut4 ,pom4 ,in/4 ,fe/s*rift #aba4 #aiaj4 ,a v productive1 /rong-gr[+ *]ry recomm5d$ = table & m>ket use2 fruit l>ge1 truncate-cordate1 r$1 e>ly4 ,graham4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3bh4 #aiaj4 ,! ,wa%+ton ,exp]im5t ,/ation li/s ?is v>iety z3 ,tree ( m$ium size1 upright1 ) abundant foliage2 fruit small1 r\nd2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 d>k r$2 fle% light r$1 juicy1 ri*1 sweet2 good2 season ! la/ ( ,july2 productive4 ,gr&e ,ronde4 ,species8 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aef4 #ahig4 ,a new1 e>ly1 l>ge1 black *]ry recomm5d$ 9 ea/]n ,oregon2 %ips well4 ,great ,be>+4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 ,fruit l>ge1 blacki%-r$ on ! out] side :5 ripe1 blood-r$ )94 ,rip5s late1 ) a %>p ta/e2 be>s well4 ,great ,leaf$4 ,species8 #a4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #ega4 #afbi4 ,?is is a v>iety ) v l>ge leaves2 relatively unproductive1 be>+ pale r$ fruit ( only m$ium size4 ,gridley4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abc1 #abd4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahg4 #ahde4 #c4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 #aa3bai4 #ahfi4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ab4 #ahga4 ,apple4 #e4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bcd4 #ahdi4 ,?is v>iety 0 discov]$ by ,william ,macc>ty ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 gr[+ 9 ! g>d5 ( ,deacon ,samuel ,gridley1 ,roxbury1 ,massa*usetts4 ,= a good _m ye>s x 0 consid]$ a valuable *]ry b lat] 0 supplant$ by bett] sorts4 ,tree upright1 vigor\s1 v productive2 fruit m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%2 /em %ort2 color black2 fle% firm1 purpli%-r$1 m$ium juicy1 sprightly1 r acid at fir/ becom+ mild] :5 fully ripe2 /one small2 matures 9 mid-season4 ,gr5n] ,glas4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #id4 #aiad4 ,tree upright1 vigor\s1 mod]ately productive2 fruit borne 9 clu/]s1 l>ge1 oblate1 "o-sid$2 suture di/9ct on "o side2 /em long2 cavity broad1 %all[2 apex a small depression2 sk9 bright r$2 fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 v juicy1 t>t2 quality good2 season ! middle ( ,july4 ,griotte ,a*]4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bge fig41 #bgf4 #ahgg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3fg1 #fh1 fig4 #cd4 #ahhb4 #c4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #dhb4 #aijd4 ,griotte ,d\ble4 #d4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce1 #ch1 #ci4 #agga4 *]'s ,wei*sel4 #e4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccb4 #ahhi4 ,! orig9 ( ,griotte ,a*] is n kn[n b x may h sprung up by *ance 9 ,holl& a c5tury & a half ago4 ,tree m$ium 9 gr[?1 productive2 fruit usually borne 9 pairs1 m$ium to l>ge1 flatt5$ he>t-%ap$ ) truncate sides2 cavity n>r[2 suture di/9ct2 /em v>iable1 usually long1 m$ium ?ick2 sk9 r firm1 vivid purple %ad+ to almo/ purpli%-black2 fle% t5d]1 slightly /r+y1 r$di%-purple1 m$ium sweet1 some:at pleas+ because ( a slight t>t1 acid flavor1 ) abundant1 violet juice2 /one m$ium 9 size1 ovoid1 truncate at ! base1 turgid2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,july & ! fir/ ( ,augu/4 ,griotte de ,bttn]4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,am4 ,g>d4 #i3bfd4 #ahhh4 ,a dw>f sort t blossoms & rip5s late2 mu* l ,imp]ial ,morello4 ,griotte ,commune4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejh4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bf1 #aid4 #ahgf4 #c4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bhb fig41 #bhc4 #ahgg4 ,griotte4 #d4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3ahg-ahi1 ,pl4 ,,xii4 #agfh4 #e4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dca1 #dcb4 #ahai4 ,griotte simple4 #f4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #ci4 #agga4 ,griotti] ,wei*selbaum4 #g4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3f1 ,tab4 #ae fig4 #b4 #agib4 ,common ,fr5* ,griotte4 #h4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adh4 #ahcb4 ,geme9e ,ssswei*sel44 #i4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3di4 #aheh4 ,c]ise ,commune4 #aj4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3adf fig41 #adg1 #adh1 #bbj4 #ahff4 ,! orig9 ( ?is v>iety is unkn[n b accord+ to ,fr5* writ]s x 0 br\ght f ,syria by ! ,crusad]s ab\t #adhe4 ,tree l>ge1 productive2 fruit m$ium 9 size1 usually borne 9 pairs1 di/+ui%$ f o!rs ( its class by its firm fle%1 its black sk91 & its color$ juice1 oblate1 flatt5$ at ! base2 suture slight2 /em long1 r /\t1 set 9 a broad1 %all[ cavity2 sk9 ?91 glossy1 d>k r$1 *ang+ to black2 fle% color$1 firm1 v9\s1 aromatic1 juicy2 fir/ quality2 pit small1 turgid1 r\nd2 rip5s ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,griotte ,d\ce ,prcoce4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce1 #ci4 #agga4 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ba1 #aid4 #ahgf4 #c4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aah4 #aijj4 ,ssse ,frhwei*sel4 #d4 ,liegel ,sy/4 ,anleit4 #agj4 #ahbe4 #e4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ahc fig41 #ahd4 #ahfj4 ,liegel's ,ssse ,frhwei*sel4 #f4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3eh4 #aheh4 ,?is v>iety is (t5 confus$ ) ,ssse ,frhwei*sel4 ,! two are di/9ct1 h[ev]1 9 t ! latt] has light color$ fle% :ile ! =m] is a d>k fle%$ sort4 ,tree vigor\s1 droop+1 productive2 fruit (t5 borne 9 twos or ?rees1 ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%1 compress$2 suture %all[2 /em r sl5d]1 v>iable1 m$ium to above 9 l5g?1 ins]t$ 9 a n>r[1 %all[ cavity2 sk9 d>k br[ni%-r$ *ang+ to r$di%-black2 fle% t5d]1 d>k r$1 juicy1 subacid1 becom+ mild] at maturity2 /one small1 r\ndi%2 rip5s ! =ep>t ( ,june4 ,griotte de ,klep>[4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ahf fig41 #ahg1 #bba4 #ahff4 ,polnis*e grosse ,wei*sel4 #c4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3h1 ,tab4 #bj fig4 #b4 #agib4 ,pohlnis*e ,kirs*e4 #d4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fhb4 #agig4 ,polnis*e ,wei*sel4 #e4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fj4 #aheh4 ,klep>[] ,ssswei*sel4 #f4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #fi fig41 #gj4 #ahfg4 ,klep>avoska4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ge4 #ahhc4 ,griotte ,klep>ite4 #h4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgg4 #aijc4 #i4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3ga fig4 #aijc4 ,budd f\nd ?is v>iety v h>dy ab\t ,galicia1 ,au/ria1 & ,w>saw1 ,russia1 & import$ x = c5tral & s\!rn ,i[a4 ,x is gr[n f se$ 9 ! =e/s ( ,pol&4 ,! ,griotte ,klep>ite ( ,budd-,hans5 is probably ! same v>iety4 ,tree /rong 9 gr[?1 l>ge1 productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 g5]ally atta*$ 9 pairs1 r\ndi%-cordate1 sides (t5 compress$2 suture %all[1 (t5 a l9e2 /em long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a wide1 deep cavity2 sk9 t\gh1 cl++ to ! fle%1 glossy1 d>k br[ni%-r$1 deep black :5 ripe2 fle% t5d]1 fibr\s1 lightly color$1 juicy1 acid1 al?\gh sug>y1 aromatic2 quality fair2 pit small1 turgid1 almo/ sph]ical2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,july4 ,griotte ,lodigiana4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bij1 #bia fig4 #ahgg4 ,introduc$ into ,france f ,flor5ce1 ,italy1 by ,l]oy ab\t #ahfd4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 globul>1 compress$ at ! ends2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 ins]t$ 9 a wide cavity2 apex depress$2 sk9 deep r$2 fle% pale yell[1 t5d]1 slightly fibr\s1 juicy1 v sug>y1 slightly acidulat$2 second quality2 /one ( m$ium size1 r\nd1 turgid2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,griotte ,noire4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bf4 #ahgf4 ,li/$ z a l>ge1 blacki%-r$1 acidulat$ fruit1 rip5+ 9 ,july4 ,griotte ,noire de ,pimont4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bid1 #bie fig4 #ahgg4 ,griotte gros fruit noir de ,pimont4 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bf4 #ahgf4 ,?is v>iety1 probably f ,pi$mont1 ,italy1 0 receiv$ by ,l]oy 9 #ahfd4 ,fruit g5]ally borne 9 pairs1 above m$ium 9 size1 globul>1 compress$ at ! ends2 suture indi/9ct2 /em long1 set 9 a deep cavity2 sk9 uni=mly blacki%-r$2 fle% t5d]1 r$di%1 v juicy1 acidulat$1 slightly sweet2 quality fair2 /one ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-oval1 swoll52 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,griotte du ,nord ,amliore4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 ,m5tion$ z possibly l>g] & bett] ?an ,griotte du ,nord4 ,griotte ,petit ,fruit4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,griotte ,prcoce4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbi4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgg4 #aijc4 ,accord+ to ! fir/ ref]5ce1 ?is v>iety 0 br\ght into ,spa9 f ,c5tral ,asia & 0 kn[n 9 p>ts ( ,europe z ,e>ly ,spani%4 ,x 0 import$ to ,am]ica f ,russia4 ,tree h>dy2 fruit l>ge1 flatt5$2 suture di/9ct2 /em m$ium 9 size1 curv$1 set 9 a deep cavity2 sk9 bright1 glossy r$2 fle% s(t1 break+1 uncolor$2 quality v good2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,griotte ,r\ge de ,pimont4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cjc fig41 #cjd1 #che4 #ahgg4 ,griotte gros fruit r\ge de ,pimont4 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bf4 #ahgf4 ,accord+ to ,l]oy1 x is n at all improbable t ?is *]ry is ! "o spok5 ( by ,pl9y "u ! "n1 ,apronian4 ,fruit atta*$ 9 pairs1 above m$ium 9 size1 globul>1 compress$ at ! ends2 suture indi/9ct2 /em %ort1 /\t1 set 9 a small cavity2 sk9 lively r$2 fle% :iti%1 t5d]1 juicy1 acidulat$1 some:at bitt] yet sug>y2 second quality2 /one ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-oval1 swoll52 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,griotte de ,s*a>beck4 ,species8 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cec4 #ahhi4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,griotte ,t>dive d',annecy4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,griotte ,t>dive de ,plombires ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #ejc4 #ahhh4 ,?is v>iety is recomm5d$ because ( its lat5ess b x rema9s a local v>iety1 little kn[n outside ( ,plombires1 ,vosges1 ,france1 :]e x 0 f\nd4 ,fruit oval-cordate1 elongat$ at ! apex2 sk9 glossy1 br[ni% at complete maturity2 fle% firm1 adh]5t to ! /one1 :iti%-gray1 v sweet1 agreeable2 pit cordate2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,augu/1 rema9+ on ! tree dur+ ,septemb]4 ,griotte de ,toscane4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cjd1 #cje fig41 #cif4 #ahgg4 ,l]oy br\ght ?is *]ry f ,flor5ce1 ,italy1 to ,france ab\t #ahfd4 ,fruit globul>1 m or less compress$ at ! ends2 suture v %all[2 /em long1 set 9 a pron\nc$ cavity2 sk9 int5se r$ *ang+ to blacki%2 fle% ( a g>net color1 t5d]1 juicy1 sug>y1 slightly bitt]2 second quality2 /one ( m$ium size1 r\nd1 turgid2 rip5s 9 e>ly ,july4 ,griotte de ,turquie4 ,p4 avium ,x ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 r$2 fle% t5d]1 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,simil> to ,*oisy4 ,griotti] ,feuilles ,cuculles4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bfg1 #bhf fig41 #bhg4 #ahgg4 ,c]isi] cuculle8 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,orig9at$ at ,t\rs1 ,inde-et-,loire1 ,france4 ,its only po9t ( m]it is 9 its cucullat$ foliage4 ,fruit small1 globul>1 compress$ at ! ends2 suture imp]ceptible2 /em %ort2 cavity v>iable2 sk9 almo/ cle> r$2 fle% t5d]1 light rose-color$1 juicy1 acidulat$1 mildly sweet2 quality h>dly fair2 pit v small1 r\nd1 m or less swoll52 rip5s at ! end ( ,june4 ,griotti] ,fruit ,aigre4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejh4 #ahfj4 ,tree ( m$ium size1 r vigor\s2 fruit small1 oval-r\ndi%1 blacki%2 fle% t5d]1 juicy2 m$iocre quality2 rip5s 9 ,septemb] & ,octob] 9 ,france4 ,griotti] ,longues ,feuilles4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bia1 #bib fig4 #ahgg4 ,l]oy grew ?is *]ry z e>ly z #ahde b did n "k its orig94 ,fruit above m$ium 9 size1 globul>1 slightly compress$ at ! ends2 /em v %ort1 ins]t$ 9 a pron\nc$ cavity2 sk9 deep r$1 ) gray dots2 fle% t5d]1 fibr\s1 yell[i%-:ite1 juicy1 acidulat$1 slightly sweet1 agreeable2 second quality2 /one ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-oval1 turgid2 rip5s ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,groll ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ced4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,gros ,big>reau ,rond4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aad1 #bjh4 #ahff4 ,fruit l>ge1 ev51 r\ndi%1 ?\gh (t5 l>g] & less flatt5$ ?an ,big>reau d',italie2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?2 color becom+ black2 fle% r$1 firm1 sweet1 pleas+2 pit small & slightly elongat$2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,may4 ,gros ,gu9d\l ,htif4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #cce4 #ahgj-ga4 ,tree l>ge2 fruit ( fir/ size1 sup]ior quality1 l>ge1 d>k r$1 juicy1 sprightly2 rip5s 9 ,june-,july4 ,grosse ,blan*e ,c>re4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bjd4 #ahdc4 ,a firm1 r$1 he>t-%ap$ *]ry ( second size & quality1 us$ pr9cipally = ! table1 rip5+ 9 ,july4 ,grosse ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bbf1 #bbg1 #bbh4 #ahai4 ,weiss ,h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,ob/bume #afa4 #agia4 ,grosse bunte ,molk5kirs*e4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bh4 #aheh4 ,?is *]ry is di/+ui%$ f o!rs ( its class by its peculi> color+4 ,at "o "t x 0 recomm5d$ because ( its size1 flavor1 & l5g? ( season4 ,fruit l>ge1 ?ick at ! base1 bo? sides compress$ & m>k$ by a suture2 /em long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a %all[ op5+2 gr\nd color a d+y pale yell[ m or less cov]$ ) r$2 fle% t5d]1 melt+1 pleas+2 rip5s at ! end ( ,june4 ,grosse ,fri$ri*skirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ci4 #aheh4 ,fruit l>ge1 compress$1 r\ndi%-cordate1 pale yell[1 wa%$ ) crimson2 fle% slightly aromatic2 rip5s ! end ( ,june2 productive4 ,grosse ,glaskirs*e4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #eg1 #eh4 #agij4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bib4 #ahjb4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dgc-dge4 #ahai4 ,grosse ,c]ise ,transp>5te4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3agb-age1 fig4 #ahff4 #e4 ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aij4 #ahie4 ,?r\gh an error :i* he lat] rectifi$1 ,tru*sess describ$ ! ,d\ble ,glass z ?is v>iety4 ,?is *]ry diff]s 9 hav+ a %ort] /em1 l>g] size & 9 rip5+ lat]4 ,fruit v l>ge1 almo/ r\nd1 flatt5$ at ! ends1 depress$ at ! apex2 /em /\t1 %ort1 ins]t$ 9 a l>ge cavity2 sk9 glossy1 becom+ d>k r$2 fle% pale yell[i%1 melt+1 juicy1 mild yet ) a piquant1 pleas+ s\rness2 /one r\ndi%1 turgid1 cl++ to ! fle% m ?an to ! /em2 rip5s 9 ,augu/4 ,grosse ,gomballoise4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aej1 #aea4 #ahhb4 ,big>reau ,grosse ,gomballoise4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 ?ickly cordate1 (t5 elongat$1 truncate at ! ends2 suture deep1 b a color$ l9e on "o side2 /em long1 /\t1 set 9 a l>ge1 deep cavity2 sk9 ?ick1 firm1 int5se purple *ang+ to almo/ black2 fle% purple1 firm1 juicy1 sug>y1 v9\s1 aromatic2 pit ( m$ium size2 rip5s at ! end ( ,june4 ,grosse ,guigne ,blan*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #beh4 #ahai4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cae1 #caf fig4 #ahgg4 ,guigne a gros fruit blanc4 #c4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afa1 ,pl4 #a fig4 #c4 #agfh4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ih1 #ii4 #ahff4 ,kle9e weisse ,frhkirs*e4 #e4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bgh4 #ahjb4 ,guigne ,blan*e4 #f4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 #g4 ,pom4 ,france #g3,no4 #bj1 ,pl4 #bj4 #ahga4 ,e>ly ,:ite ,guigne4 #h4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aab4 #ahcb4 ,:ite ,he>t4 #i4 ,floy-,l9dley ,guide ,or*4 ,g>d4 #ajg4 #ahdf4 ,an old v>iety1 probably ( ,fr5* orig91 :i*1 accord+ to ,l]oy1 0 describ$ by ,m]let 9 #affg4 ,fruit l>ge1 atta*$ 9 pairs1 cordate1 slightly elongat$2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?1 set 9 a wide cavity2 sk9 dull yell[1 t+$ & mottl$ ) dull r$2 fle% :iti%1 t5d]1 juicy1 slightly acidulat$2 quality fair1 insipid 9 wet seasons2 /one l>ge1 ovoid1 cl++2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,grosse ,guigne ,noire ,c\rt ,pdicelle4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejc4 #ahfj4 ,guigni] ,gros ,fruit ,noir et ,c\rt ,pdoncule4 #b4 ,pom4 ,france #g3,no4 #bh1 ,pl4 #bh4 #ahga4 ,an old v>iety ( unc]ta9 orig94 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate2 suture broad2 /em %ort1 set 9 a n>r[1 %all[ cavity2 sk9 t5d] b firm1 beautiful black at maturity2 fle% s(t1 juicy1 agreeable2 quality good2 /one ( m$ium size1 oval1 r$di%2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,grosse ,hck]ige ,m>morkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3db4 #aheh4 ,fruit v l>ge1 unev51 r\gh5$1 d>k r$2 fle% h>d1 r sweet2 rip5s at ! end ( ,july2 n v productive4 ,grosse ,mogulkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,ob/bume #afj4 #agia4 ,fruit l>ge1 cordate1 r$1 dott$ "h & !re ) :ite2 fle% mild2 excell5t2 pit small4 ,grosse ,morelle4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhd4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ede-edh4 #ahai4 ,grosse ,morelle d\ble8 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,fruit l>ge1 globul>2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?1 sl5d]1 set 9 a smoo? cavity2 sk9 glossy1 smoo?1 inky-black2 fle% blood-r$1 ve9$1 juicy1 w9e-s\r1 n unpleasant2 /one ( m$ium size1 blood-r$2 rip5s f ! end ( ,june to ,july2 (t5 dri$4 ,grosse ,nonn5kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhg4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #eag1 #eah1 #eai4 #ahai4 ,v>r5ne1 ,de4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ef4 #ahca4 ,grosse ,c]ise des ,religieuses4 #d4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ig1 #ih1 fig4 #di4 #ahhb4 ,probably ( ,fr5* orig94 ,tree mod]ately productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 r\nd1 sides unev5ly compress$1 ) a %all[ suture2 /em long1 set 9 a wide cavity2 sk9 br[ni%-black1 glossy2 fle% t5d]1 color$1 juicy1 subacid2 /one small1 v broad1 cl++ to ! /em2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,grosse ,pic>de4 ,p4 c]asus4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture receiv$ ?is v>iety f ,f4 ,jam91 ,b\rg-la-,re9e1 ,france1 9 #aije1 aft] :i* trees 7 s5t to ?is ,/ation = te/+4 ,tree vigor\s1 rapid 9 gr[?2 fruit ( ! ,montmor5cy type1 above m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 slightly compress$2 cavity int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?1 abrupt2 suture a l9e2 apex r\ndi%2 /em sl5d]1 long2 sk9 mod]ately ?ick1 t\gh1 sep>at+ readily f ! pulp1 v d>k r$2 dots num]\s1 small1 obscure2 fle% d>k r$1 /r+y1 t5d]1 melt+1 a/r+5t1 s\r1 juicy2 poor to fair 9 quality2 /one ( m$ium size1 ovate1 slightly po9t$1 smoo?1 t+$ ) purple2 season v late4 ,grosse ,s*w>ze ,frhe ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3b1 ,tab4 #b fig4 #b4 #agib4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bgd4 #ahjb4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #aeh4 #ahai4 ,guigne ,gros ,fruit ,noir ,htif4 #d4 ,pom4 ,france #g3,no4 #be1 ,pl4 #be4 #ahga4 ,?is *]ry diff]s f ,frhe ,maih]zkirs*e 9 hav+ a firm] fle%4 ,fruit above m$ium 9 size1 cordate1 po9t$1 black2 suture di/9ct on "o side2 /em long1 sl5d]1 deeply set2 rip5s 9 ,june4 ,grosse ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bge4 #ahjb4;,geme9e ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #adb-ade1 #aef1 #aeg4 #ahai4 ,geme9e ,s*w>ze ,h]zkis*e4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #adb-ade1 #aef1 #aeg1 #ahai4 ,guigni] gros fruit noir8 #e4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejb4 #ahfj4 ,fruit l>ge1 cordate1 flatt5$ on "o side2 /em long1 set 9 a deep cavity2 sk9 ?ick1 d>k r$ *ang+ to black1 pitt$2 fle% r firm1 t5d]1 fibr\s1 d>k r$1 juicy1 exce$+ly sweet & refre%+1 ) a slightly bitt]i% aft]-ta/e2 /one cl++2 rip5s 9 ,july4 ,grosse ,spte ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bgg4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bjj1 #bja4 #ahai4 ,f\nd 9 a ,g]man g>d5 9 #agig2 di/+ui%$ f ,elkhorn 9 rip5+ lat]4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 flatt5$ on ! sides & apex2 sk9 black1 glossy2 /em ?ick2 fle% firm1 juicy2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,augu/4 ,grosse ,ssse ,maih]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #abf-acj4 #ahai4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bj4 #aheh4 ,grosse ,ssse ,maikirs*e4 #c4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffb4 #agig4 ,fruit above m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 sides compress$2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 /\t1 set 9 a n>r[1 %all[ cavity2 sk9 t\gh1 almo/ black2 fle% t5d]1 r$di%-black1 juicy1 sprightly1 ri*2 /one ( m$ium size1 broadly cordate1 ) a fa9t po9t2 rip5s at ! end ( ,june2 us$ = table & kit*54 ,grosse ,t>dive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahgf4 ,grosse spte ,am>elle4 #b4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #eh4 #aijg4 ,grosse ,t>dive is ?\ght to h orig9at$ ne> ,p>is1 ,france4 ,x rip5s ! fir/ ( ,augu/ :5 all o!r sweet1 black *]ries are gone4 ,! tree resembles ,montmor5cy4 ,grosse ,transp>5te4 ,species8 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3fj4 #aijj4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,grosse ,ung>is*e ,kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #ff-fh4 #agij4 ,ung>is*e ,h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffa4 #agig4 ,grosse s*w>ze ung>is*e ,h]zkirs*e4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bj4 #aheh4 ,fruit l>ge1 oval1 r angul>2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?2 cavity deep1 irregul>2 suture di/9ct2 sk9 glossy1 black2 fle% d>k r$1 f9e-gra9$1 aromatic1 sweet2 /one l>ge1 oval2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july2 productive4 ,grosse de ,v]rires4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #ga1 #gb1 ,pl4 #ahgj-ga4 ,?is *]ry is ext5sively gr[n at ,v]rires1 ,france1 :]e x is (t5 call$1 ,la ,grosse4 ,! fruit1 h[ev]1 is b a trifle l>g] ?an ,c]ise ,commune f :i* x diff]s only 9 its slightly elongat$-cordate =m2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?2 sk9 deep r$2 fle% r$1 juicy1 sweet2 season ! middle ( ,july4 ,grosse de ,wagnellee4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfe4 #ahfi4 ,a vigor\s1 productive *]ry ( ,belgian orig92 fruit l>ge1 oval2 sk9 yell[1 wa%$ & spott$ ) r$2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sweet2 rip5s 9 ,july4 ,grosse ,we9kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ob]dieck ,ob/-,sort4 #che4 #ahha4 ,grosse-,griotte v94 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ba1 #aif4 #ahgf4 ,fruit flatt5$1 r\ndi%1 r l>ge2 /em r long2 suture indi/9ct2 sk9 v d>k1 glossy r$2 fle% t5d]1 d>k r$1 juicy1 sprightly1 acid2 pit egg-oval2 rip5s 9 ,july2 us$ = cons]ves & color+ w9es4 ,grosse ,weisse ,frhkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bhe1 #fgi1 #fhj4 #ahai4 ,fruit l>ge1 truncate-cordate1 "o side compress$1 ) a %all[ suture2 /em long1 /\t1 set 9 a wide1 %all[ cavity2 sk9 firm1 t\gh1 pale yell[1 wa%$ ) deep r$2 fle% firm1 juicy1 sweet1 pleas+2 /one small1 r\nd1 plump1 p>tly cl++2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,gro? ,braune ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ceh4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ )\t description 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,gro? ,gelbe ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ef4 #aijg4 ,big>reau jaune de ,gro?4 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bg1 #ahi4 #ahgf4 ,gro?'s ,wa*skirs*e4 #c4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccg1 #ceh4 #ahhi4 ,tree vigor\s & v productive2 fruit r l>ge1 truncate-cordate2 sk9 transp>5t1 brilliant yell[2 fle% r firm1 v sweet1 agreeable2 fir/ quality2 matures e>ly 9 ,july4 ,grn/iel-,kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bb4 #aheh4 ,fruit black1 ( m$ium size1 obtuse-cordate1 noticeably furr[$2 /em long1 %all[ly ins]t$2 fle% firm1 color$1 subacid2 pit ( m$ium size1 r\nd1 some:at cl++2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,gub54 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #edi4 #aija4 ,big>reau noir de ,gub54 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,gub5] ,s*w>ze ,knorpel4 #c4 ,ob]dieck ,ob/-,sort4 #cfi4 #ahha4 ,late ,black ,big>reau8 #d4 ,guide ,prat4 #ah4 #ahie4 ,gub5 orig9at$ ne> ! t[n ( ! same "n 9 ,prussia1 ,g]many4 ,fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 sides slightly compress$2 suture indi/9ct2 /em r long2 cavity %all[2 sk9 firm1 glossy1 ne>ly black2 fle% firm1 d>k r$1 sweet1 ) a pleas+ s\rness2 pit r\ndi%2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,gub5s ,ehre4 ,species8 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ceh4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,lange ,allgem4 ,g>t54 #dbc4 #ahig4 ,fruit l>ge1 d>k r$1 ) a slightly aromatic flavor4 ,guigne ,anglaise ,blan*e ,prcoce4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,guigne d',argovie4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,guigne ,blan*e ,prcoce4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3caf4 #ahgg4 ,receiv$ by ,l]oy f ,g]many 9 #ahfj & said by him to lack size & quality4 ,guigne ,bonne ,alo/oise4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cei4 #ahhi4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,guigne de ,buxeuil4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,guigne ,c>ne ,w9kl]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cag1 #cah fig41 #cai4 #ahgg4 ,w9kl] weisse ,h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bgh1 #bgi4 #ahai4 ,guigne ,blan*e de ,w9kl]4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3afa1 #afb1 fig4 #gi4 #ahff-gc4 ,guigne de ,w9kl]4 #d4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ae1 #aii4 #ahgf4 ,?is v>iety is said to be a se$l+ rais$ by a ,h]r ,w9kl] at ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 ab\t #ahaf4 ,fruit atta*$ 9 pairs1 l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 compress$2 suture n prom95t2 /em long1 ins]t$ 9 a deep1 n>r[ cavity2 sk9 fle%-color$2 fle% t5d]1 slightly fibr\s1 light yell[1 juicy1 sweet1 pleas+ly aromatic2 pit ( m$ium size1 plump1 oval2 rip5s ! second week ( ! *]ry season4 ,guigne de ,*amblondes4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cei4 #ahhi4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,guigne ,*amonale4 ,p4 avium4#a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aea4 #ahhb4 ,fl[]s & foliage only describ$4 ,guigne ,*avanne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cei4 #ahhi4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,guigne ,c\rte-queue d',oull9s4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3fb fig41 #fc1 #bah4 #ahff4 ,guigne c\rte queue8 #b4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bj4 #ahhg4 ,?is v>iety is said to h orig9at$ at ,oull9s1 ne> ,lyons1 ,france4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 productive2 fruit r l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 truncate2 /em %ort to v %ort1 ins]t$ 9 a %all[1 n>r[ cavity2 suture a well-m>k$ l9e2 sk9 r ?ick1 glossy1 %ad$ ) r$ *ang+ to deep black2 fle% r$1 t5d] b n s(t1 sweet ) "s acidity1 agreeable2 quality excell5t2 pit l>ge = ! size ( ! fruit1 ovoid2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,june4 ,guigne ,ec>late4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,a wor?less1 m$ium-siz$1 r$1 oval fruit1 ) firm fle%1 rip5+ 9 ,july4 ,guigne de l',escali]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bd4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #aa4 #ahie4 ,?is is a l>ge1 br[ni%-black1 ,fr5* *]ry ( ! ,he>t class4 ,fruit ) an unev5 surface2 fle% r$1 sug>y1 sweet2 fir/ quality2 rip5s ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,guigne de ,gl&4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bac4 #ahhj4 ,guigne de ,gl& receiv$ its "n f ! small community ( ,gl&1 ,aisne1 ,france1 :]e x appe>s to h be5 fir/ cultivat$4 ,x is "o ( ! fir/ to be f\nd on ! m>kets2 is v productive1 & ( good quality2 fruit l>ge1 cle> r$1 v sweet4 ,guigne ,grosse ,r\ge ,htive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,a firm1 r$1 cordate *]ry ( second quality = table use2 rip5s 9 ,july4 ,guigne ,grosse ,r\ge ,t>dive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,guigne ,gu9dole4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aih4 #ahgf4 ,_m writ]s1 includ+ ,l]oy1 believe ?is *]ry to be id5tical ) ! ,flam5t9e4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 gr[n = m>ket2 fruit l>ge1 elongat$-cordate2 sk9 deep r$ ) c>m9e mottl+ on a yell[i% gr\nd2 fle% t5d]1 s(t1 juicy1 sug>y2 matures ! la/ "p ( ,june4 ,guigne ,htive d',elsdorf4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bg1 #aih4 #ahgf4 ,a ,g]man v>iety mu* recomm5d$4 ,guigne ,m>bre4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #g3,no4 #ah4 ,pl4 #ah4 #ahga4 #b4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits4 #bhf4 #ahhi4 #c4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #ebc4 #aijf4 ,! orig9 ( ?is v>iety is unc]ta94 ,fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate2 suture wide1 %all[2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 set 9 a %all[1 wide cavity2 sk9 glossy1 :ite1 wa%$ ) a rose color *ang+ to c>m9e1 adh]5t to ! pulp2 fle% yell[i%1 firm1 sweet1 fa9tly aromatic2 pit small1 r\ndi%2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,guigne ,m>ie ,besn>d4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ae4 #ahgf4 ,a l>ge1 oblong1 ,he>t *]ry ( good quality2 sk9 light yell[ ov]spread ) r$2 fle% t5d]1 juicy2 late4 ,guigne de ,nice4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bd4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #aa4 #ahie4 ,fruit v l>ge1 oblong1 light r$2 season e>ly 9 w>m ye>s2 trees r t5d]4 ,guigne ,noir ,luisante4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjh4 #ahed4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,guigni] gros fruit noir luisant4 #c4 ,duhamel ,trait ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afb1 #afc4 #agfh4 ,grosse glnz5de s*w>ze ,h]kirs*e4 #d4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3b1 ,tab4 #c fig4 #b4 #agib4 #e4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #adf1 #adg4 #ahai4 ,grosse ,guigne noire luisante4 #f4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3gb fig4 #gc1 #gd1 #bah4 #ahff4 ,guigne ,re9ette noire4 #g4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bd4 #ahgf4 ,guigne noire htive gros fruits4 #h4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #ajh fig41 #aji4 #aijd4 ,?is v>iety %\ld n be mi/ak5 = ! ,black ,spani% ( ! ,g]mans al?\gh ,elliott speaks ( x z su* ) ! /atem5t t x 0 gr[n 9 ,new ,j]sey ab\t #ahbc1 f :5ce x 0 introduc$ into ,ohio4 ,x 0 kn[n z ,guigne ,re9ette ,noire ab\t ! prov9ces ( ,ma9 & ,anj\1 ,france1 :]e x is said to h orig9at$4 ,"s au?ors h confus$ x ) ,hogg's ,black ,he>t f :i* x diff]s 9 be+ m firm4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 usually atta*$ 9 ?rees1 obtuse-cordate1 plump2 suture wide2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?1 ins]t$ 9 a r wide1 deep cavity2 sk9 ?ick1 glossy1 br[ni%-r$ *ang+ to black2 fle% color$1 t5d]1 fibr\s1 juicy1 sweet1 v9\s2 quality good2 pit small1 r\ndi%-oval1 turgid2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,guigne ,noire ,htive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,guigni] ,gros ,fruit noir htif4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ccj fig41 #cca4 #ahgg4 ,?is old v>iety orig9at$ 9 ,france e>ly 9 ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury4 ,tree mod]ately productive2 fruit atta*$ 9 ?rees1 l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 irregul>2 /em long1 /\t2 cavity l>ge2 sk9 becomes r$di%-black2 fle% deep r$1 fibr\s1 juicy1 acidulat$1 sweet2 quality fair2 pit above m$ium1 ovoid1 plump2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,may4 ,guigne ,noire de ,mon/reux4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bd4 #ahgf4 ,describ$ by ,m4 ,m4 ,vrilhac1 nurs]yman at ,annonay1 ,france1 z a l>ge1 good1 productive *]ry rip5+ ! fir/ "p ( ,june4 ,guigne ,n\velle ,espce4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,guigne ,olive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3gi1 #hj fig41 #ha1 #bbj4 #ahff4 ,fruit l>ge1 elongat$-oval1 m po9t$ at ! cavity2 suture wide2 /em long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a slightly deep1 abrupt cavity2 sk9 at fir/ rose-color$1 m>bl$ ) r$ *ang+ to almo/ black2 fle% t5d]1 color$1 agreeably acid1 ) a slight bitt]ness2 pit v l>ge1 oval1 resembl+ ! pit ( an olive2 rip5s at ! beg9n+ ( ,july4 ,guigne ,petite ,blan*e4 ,p4 vium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,guigne ,petite ,r\ge4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,guigne la ,plus ,htive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ea-ed1 fig4 #ahff4 ,guigne m>bre prcoce4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3aae1 #aaf1 fig4 #ef4 #ahff-gc4 ,guigne d',annonay4 #c4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ae1 #aig4 #ahgf4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 cordate1 (t5 slightly elongat$2 sk9 ?91 mottl$ ) r$ *ang+ to almo/ black2 /em mod]ately sl5d]1 set 9 a r deep1 wide cavity2 fle% purpli%1 t5d]1 juicy1 agreeably acidulat$2 pit small1 ovoid2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,may4 ,guigne ,prcoce ,leo d',ounons4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #fe4 #ahha4 ,?is v>iety 0 f\nd 9 an or*>d ne> ,vigne1 ,france4 ,! fruit is l>ge & sweet ) an agreeably aromatic juice2 rip5s ! fir/ half ( ,june4 ,guigne ,prcoce de ,ma?re4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 ,e>ly ,ma!re4 #b4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #daf4 #ahii4 ,tree vigor\s2 fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-oval2 /em %ort2 sk9 r$2 fle% yell[i%-r$1 juicy1 sweet2 /one small1 cl++2 e>ly4 ,guigne ,prcoce ,ponctue4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3bjh4 #ahff4 ,a v>iegat$ *]ry ) uncolor$ juice1 m5tion$ by ,mortillet4 ,guigne de ,prov5ce4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ah4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aeb4 #ahhb4 #c4 ,guide ,prat4 #ah4 #ahie4 ,al?\gh v simil> to ,transp>5te de ,co1 accord+ to ,guide ,pratique1 #ahie1 ,guigne de ,prov5ce is a di/9ct v>iety4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 obtuse-cordate2 sk9 r$di%-c>m9e2 fle% r firm1 sweet2 fir/ quality2 matures ! la/ half ( ,june4 ,guigne ,ramon ,oliva4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #cee4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #aab fig41 #aac4 #aijd4 ,a *ance se$l+ notic$ fir/ by ,m4 ,*>oz1 horticulturi/1 at ,pyramide-,trelaz1 ne> ,ang]s1 ,france4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 usually borne 9 twos or ?rees1 r\ndi%-cordate2 suture indi/9ct2 /em long2 color br[ni%-black1 glossy2 fle% f9e1 juicy1 sweet2 pit l>ge1 oval2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,june4 ,guigne ,rose ,htive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bd1 #aii4 #ahgf4 ,kle9e frhe ro! ,h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #afd4 #ahai4 ,ros5ro! ,maikirs*e4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ah4 #aheh4 #d4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ee fig41 #ef4 #ahfj4 ,guigni] fruit rose htif4 #e4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejc4 #ahfj4 ,guigne ,rose ,htive 0 receiv$ by ,jahn f ,do*nahl :o believ$ ,rhe9pfalz1 a =m] palat9ate 9 ,g]many1 to be its home4 ,tree productive1 droop+2 fruit ( m$ium size1 unev5 p>ticul>ly ab\t ! /em1 r\ndi%-cordate1 sides flatt5$2 suture indi/9ct2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?2 cavity %all[2 sk9 rose-color$ 9 ! middle ( ,may1 lat] *ang+ to a r$di%-purple or black2 fle% t5d]1 ) color$ juice1 sweet if ripe2 /one r l>ge1 ovate to oval2 rip5s at ! end ( ,may or ! beg9n+ ( ,june4 ,guigne ,r\ge ,commune4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aeb4 #ahhb4 ,! fl[]s & foliage only are describ$4 ,guigne ,r\ge ,ponctue4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3hi fig41 #ij1 #ia1 #bah4 #ahff4 ,?is *]ry is simil> to ,ro! ,molk5kirs*e b is diff]5t 9 pit4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 ! prov9ce ( l',is]e1 ,france4 ,fruit l>ge to above1 depress$ at bo? extremities1 flatt5$ on bo? sides1 "o ( :i* is trav]s$ by a wide1 %all[ suture2 /em above m$ium 9 l5g?1 set 9 a %all[1 r n>r[ cavity2 sk9 firm1 ?ick1 brilliant1 *ang+ to deep r$1 mottl$2 fle% :ite1 fa9tly rose-color$ especially ab\t ! pit1 mod]ately firm1 at maturity x loses its s\rness becom+ sug>y & aromatic2 pit l>ge1 oblong-oval2 rip5s at ! beg9n+ ( ,june4 ,guigne de ,russie ,fruit ,blanc4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,guigne ,trs ,prcoce4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bge1 #cja4 #ahhd4 ,a v e>ly1 black *]ry1 a week e>li] ?an ! ,e>ly ,purple4 ,fruit r small1 obtuse-cordate1 irregul> 9 outl9e2 /em long1 sl5d]1 deeply ins]t$ 9 a wide cavity2 sk9 q black2 fle% v t5d]2 juice color$2 good4 ,guigne van d] ,broek4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ci1 #dj4 #agga4 ,a v small1 juicy *]ry simil> to ! ,black ,guigne 9 =m1 color & ta/e2 some:at oblong2 d>k1 br[ni%-black2 ( a v sweet1 agreeable ta/e4 ,guigne ,vill5euve4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ae1 #ahgf4 ,vill5euv] ,h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #eg4 #aijg4 ,?is v>iety is believ$ to be native to ! region ar\nd ! ,auv]gne m\nta9s1 ,france4 ,fruit v l>ge1 quadrangul>2 sk9 a vivid rose color ov]spread+ a :iti% gr\nd2 rip5s late 9 ,june4 ,guigni] ,fruit ,noir et ,trs-long ,pdoncule4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejc4 #ahfj4 ,obta9$ f se$ & fruit$ fir/ 9 #ahbd4 ,tree erect1 vigor\s2 fruit small1 conical1 black2 /em ne>ly f\r in*es long2 fle% wat]y1 color$1 sweet1 agreeably acidulat$4 ,guigni] ,petit ,fruit ,noir4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejb4 #ahfj4 ,?is v>iety diff]s f ! ,grosse ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e only 9 size ( fruit4 ,gu9d\x ,noir de ,faix4 ,species8 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bf4 #ahgf4 ,m5tion$ by ,?omas )\t description4 ,gunsleb] ,spte ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cbj1 #cba4 #ahai4 ,a se$l+ ( ,:ite ,spani% rip5+ e>ly 9 ,augu/4 ,fruit small1 blu%$ ) light & d>k r$ on a :ite gr\nd2 fle% firm1 sweet2 unproductive4 ,halbgeflltblh5de ,wei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ff1 #fg4 #aheh4 ,s*w>ze ,wei*sel mit halb gefllt] ,blte4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fjf1 #fjg1 #fjh4 #ahai4 ,tru*sess says t only ! semi-d\bles h p]fect pi/ils & ! o!r fl[]s d n produce fruit4 ,fruit oblate2 /em long1 ins]t$ 9 a %all[ cavity2 sk9 ?91 t\gh1 glossy1 black2 fle% t5d]1 fibr\s ne> ! /em1 ) d>k juice1 pleas+4 ,halifax4 ,species8 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #id4 #ahed4 ,halifax is an old v>iety report$ f ,m>yl&4 ,hallock4 ,p4 avium4 ,hallock is a suppos$ se$l+ ( ,d[n] f\nd by ,ni*olas ,hallock1 ,milton1 ,new ,york2 n dissem9at$4 ,x resembles ,d[n] 9 color b is slightly small] & ab\t two weeks lat]4 ,hall[ell4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,me4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #bb3age4 #aijf4 ,hall[ell is a se$l+ ( ,black ,t>t>ian4 ,hamell ,kirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,hamels ,ariss54 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,h>tlib4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,h>tlippe4 ,species8 #a4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egb4 #afbi4 ,! ,h>tlippe ,*]rie is s call$ ( ! place :]e ! be/ ( ?is k9de is n\rs$ up1 be+ betwe5e ,sitt+b\rne & ,*attam 9 ,k5t1 & is ! bigge/ ( our ,engli% k9des4 ,h>tz ,m\nta94 ,species8 #a4 ,m9n4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dh4 #ahgd4 ,?is v>iety 0 br\ght f ,g]many by a ,mr4 ,mey] ( ,/4 ,pet]1 ,m9nesota1 ) :om x has prov$ h>dy & productive4 ,htive de ,balis4 ,species8 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfb4 #ahhi4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,htive ou ,prcoce4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,htive de ,pr94 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bhj1 #bha1 ,pl4 #ahic4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,pr9] ,frhwei*sel4 #c4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,?is v>iety 0 introduc$ by ,m4 ,maqu]lot ( ,fismes1 ,m>ne1 ,france4 ,x resembles ,montmor5cy 9 %ape1 ) a long] /em4 ,fruit (t5 borne 9 f\rs2 cavity deep2 sk9 ?91 deep r$2 fle% ( a rose color1 transp>5t1 sug>y1 acidulat$1 juicy2 pit ( m$ium size1 orbiculat$4 ,htive de ,/4 ,jean4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,headley4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,healy4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,sweet ,cat4 ,,ii4 #ahig4 ,healy is an old1 sweet v>iety ?\ght to h come f ,p5nsylvania2 introduc$ by ,george ,a4 ,sweet1 ,dansville1 ,new ,york4 ,h$elf+54 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #edi4 #aija4 ,h$elf+5 ,ris5kirs*e4 #b4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #gg fig41 #gh4 #ahfj4 ,colassale d',h$elf+54 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cja4 #ahff4 ,gante d',h$elf+54 #d4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aid4 #ahgf4 ,mon/rueuse d',h$elf+54 #e4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ei1 #fj1 fig4 #cj4 #ahhb4 ,big>reau de ,h$elf+54 #f4 ,g>d4 ,*ron4 #bj3afj4 #ahif4 ,?is v>iety probably orig9at$ 9 ! village ( ,h$elf+51 ,g]many4 ,tree /rong1 vigor\s1 productive2 fruit v l>ge1 obtuse-cordate2 suture noticeable on bo? sides2 /em v long2 cavity deep1 n>r[2 sk9 glossy1 t\gh1 d>k br[n *ang+ to black1 ) light r$ dots2 fle% fibr\s1 d>k r$1 m t5d] ?an _m ,big>reaus1 yet firm1 juicy1 pleas+1 aromatic2 /one ( m$ium size1 long1 truncate at ! base2 rip5s 9 ,july2 good = table1 kit*5 & m>ket4 ,h$wigs ,kirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfb4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ b n describ$4 ,heidelb]g] ,kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bij4 #ahjb4 ,a v d>k1 black1 small1 %ort-/emm$ ,s\r ,*]ry rip5+ at ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]4 ,heiges4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #dj4 #ahie4 ,heiges is a se$l+ ( ! ,big>reau type1 f ,c4 ,e4 ,hosk9s1 ,spr+brook1 ,oregon1 rip5+ !re ! la/ ( ,june4 ,fruit l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 v smoo?2 cavity m$ium 9 size & dep?1 regul>1 fl>+2 /em %ort1 sl5d]2 suture %all[1 n>r[2 sk9 ?91 t5aci\s1 d>k purpli%-black1 ) m9ute gold51 ind5t$ dots2 fle% v d>k1 purpli%-black1 ) a few light ve9s1 meaty1 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 quality be/2 pit l>ge1 oval1 semi-cl++4 ,he9tz5 7,he9tze's7 ,frhe ,kirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfb4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,h5neb]g] ,graf5kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fge4 #agig4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #edh1 #edi1 #eej4 #ahai4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fd4 #aheh4 #d4 ,*ri/ ,ob/bume #aei4 #agij4 ,c]ise du ,comte de ,h5neb]g4 #e4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cjg4 #ahff4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 flatt5$1 )\t a suture2 black :5 ripe2 /em long1 sl5d]1 %all[ly ins]t$2 fle% t5d]1 ) a pleasant s\rness2 rip5s 9 ,july4 ,h5sel ,e>ly4 ,species8 #a4 ,horticulturi/ #bb3bcc fig4 #ahfg4 ,h5sel is an accid5tal se$l+ f\nd on ! gr\nds ( ,g4 ,w4 ,zahm1 ,lanca/]1 ,p5nsylvania1 & nam$ aft] ! =m] own] ( ! prop]ty4 ,tree mod]ate 9 gr[?1 h>dy1 productive2 fruit r\ndi%1 obtuse at ! base2 /em sl5d]2 fle% half-t5d]1 juicy2 good2 rip5s ! fir/ "p ( ,june2 n dispos$ to rot4 ,h]zkirs*e ,lona ,quesnel4 ,species8 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #fb4 #ahhi4 ,m5tion$ b n describ$ by ,ma?ieu4 ,h]zkirs*e ,traub54 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aec4 #ahhb4 ,! fl[]s & foliage only are describ$4 ,h]zkirs*e ,wils ,frhe4 ,species8 #a4 ,lange ,allgem4 ,g>t54 #dci4 #ahig4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,h]zkirs*wei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fgc4 #agig4 ,accord+ to ,*ri/1 ?is *]ry is a ,morello2 fruit l>ge1 ) an indi/9ct suture2 /em r long1 deeply set2 color r$di%-black2 fle% t5d]1 subacid2 /one cordate2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,h]zog ,may4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ccj4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bb4 #ahib-ic4 ,import$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd f ,s\?we/]n ,russia :]e x does well on wet1 unfavorable soil4 ,tree op5 & upright1 a true ,duke ( ! be/ quality4 ,hoadley4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bji fig4 #ahed4 ,hoadley 0 rais$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 9 #ahdb1 & 0 nam$ by ,elliott 9 honor ( ,george ,hoadley ( ,clevel&4 ,tree heal?y1 vigor\s1 ) a r\nd1 spread+ head2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-cordate2 /em ( m$ium l5g?2 cavity %all[2 sk9 pale yell[1 mottl$ & /rip$ ) cle> c>m9e2 fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 sprightly1 almo/ transluc5t2 pit ( m$ium size2 season ! la/ ( ,june2 valuable = table use b w n /& %ipm5t4 ,hock5b]g4 ,p4 c]asus4 ,m5tion$ 9 a lett] f ,h4 ,back ,sons1 ,new ,tr5ton1 ,indiana1 z resembl+ an ,am>elle2 ( no p>ticul> value4 ,hogg ,black ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #hd4 #ahff4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 obtuse-cordate2 /em long2 sk9 black1 glossy2 fle% & juice d>k1 ri*1 sweet1 t5d]2 season at ! beg9n+ ( ,july4 ,hogg ,r$ ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #hd4 #ahff4 ,fruit m$ium l>ge1 r\ndi%1 incl9$ to he>t-%ape2 /em long2 sk9 r$1 mottl$ ) amb]-yell[2 fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 sweet1 ri*1 ) uncolor$ juice2 rip5s ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,hoke4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #bd4 #ahid4 ,hoke is a ,duke1 long kn[n 9 ,york ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 & reg>d$ z wor?y ( wid] dissem9ation4 ,x orig9at$ at ,hanov]1 ,p5nsylvania1 ) ,h5ry ,wirt1 & 0 kn[n z ,wirt until ! f>m *ang$ h&s 9 #ahdh1 :5 x became kn[n z ,hoke4 ,! fruit1 z gr[n at ?is ,/ation1 is l>ge1 obtuse-cordate2 cavity l>ge1 deep2 sk9 ?ick1 t\gh1 resi/+ rot 9 ra9y wea!r1 d>k1 mottl$ ) r$2 /em long1 mod]ately ?ick1 swoll5 at ei!r end2 fle% firm1 meaty1 d>k p9k1 subacid1 sprightly2 quality v good2 /one m$ium2 season ! la/ ( ,june4 ,hll&is*e ,spte ,wei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fgg4 #agig4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhh4 #ahjb4 ,hll&is*e ,kirs*e4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #eig-eii4 #ahai4 ,hll&is*e ,wei*sel4 #d4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fe4 #aheh4 ,?is v>iety is di/+ui%$ f o!rs ( its class by its small] /one1 t5d] fle%1 long] /em & lat] rip5+4 ,tree nev] l>ge1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 ne>ly r\nd1 sides slightly compress$2 suture di/9ct2 /em long2 color br[ni%-r$2 fle% t5d]1 color$1 juicy1 v s\r2 rip5s 9 ,augu/ b hangs until ,septemb]4 ,holman ,duke4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #hf1 ,pl4 #ag fig4 #a4 #agbi4 #b4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ace1 #acf4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,floy-,l9dley ,guide ,or*4 ,g>d4 #ii4 #ahdf4 #d4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cdf1 #cdg fig4 #ahgg4 ,c]ise ,royale ,t>dive ,d',anglet]re4 #e4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #a3ajg1 #ajh1 ,pl4 #ahec4 ,*]ry-,duck4 #f4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejg4 #ahfj4 ,royale ,t>dive4 #g4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aee1 #aef fig41 #aeg1 #aeh1 #cje4 #ahff4 #h4 ,pom4 ,france #g3,no4 #a1 ,pl4 #a4 #ahga4 #i4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,holman ,duke is ?\ght to be ( ,engli% orig9 & a se$l+ ( ,may ,duke4 ,! "n1 ,royale ,t>dive1 a synonym ( ,holman ,duke1 has be5 us$ int]*angeably = sev]al ,duke *]ries4 ,fruit l>ge to above1 r\ndi%-cordate2 suture mod]ate2 /em above m$ium 9 size1 set 9 a r deep1 n>r[1 irregul> cavity2 sk9 ?91 br[ni%-r$ *ang+ to ne>ly black :5 fully mature2 fle% r$1 fibr\s1 juicy1 v9\s1 acidulat$2 pit ( m$ium size1 ovoid2 dorsal suture n v app>5t2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,holme ,late ,duke4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 ,m5tion$ by ,?omas )\t a description4 ,hol/e94 ,species8 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ag3cfc4 #ahea4 ,a m$ium-siz$1 r\nd1 r$1 se$l+ *]ry4 ,hom]4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3ga1 #gb4 #aijc4 #b4 ,jewell ,cat4 #ce4 #aijf4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,hom] is a se$l+ ( ! ,morello type f ,new ,hav51 ,connecticut1 introduc$ f ,hom]1 ,m9nesota2 said to be valuable 9 ! ,nor?we/4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi%-oblate2 /em %ort1 /\t2 cavity %all[1 mod]ately broad2 sk9 r$1 becom+ d>k]1 ?91 r t\gh2 fle% t5d]1 uncolor$1 juicy1 mildly subacid2 pit r\nd1 semi-cl++2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,honey4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #bea4 #ahag4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bag4 #ahed4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bdc4 #aheh4 ,l>ge ,honey4 #d4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,yell[ ,honey4 #e4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aaj4 #ahcb4 ,cream4 #f4 ,horticulturi/ #a3adh4 #ahdf-dg4 ,summ]'s ,honey8 #g4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bbh4 #ahdi4 ,late ,honey8 #h4 ,ibid4 #bce1 #bcf4 #ahdi4 ,honey1 ?\gh gr[n only 9 ,am]ica1 is probably ( =eign orig9--an old sort r5am$4 ,tree simil> to ,black ,mazz>d b m spread+4 ,fruit small1 r\ndi%-oval1 yell[i%1 mottl$ ) r$1 becom+ deep amb]-r$2 /em long1 sl5d]2 fle% t5d]1 melt+1 juicy1 sweet2 pit l>ge2 season ! middle ( ,july4 ,honey ,dew4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,conn4 ,bd4 ,agr4 ,rpt4 #aa3cdj4 #ahgg4 ,spok5 ( z a valuable v>iety orig9at+ 9 ,connecticut4 ,honeywood4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bje4 #ahdc4 ,m5tion$ z unwor?y ( cultivation4 ,hoppock ,yell[4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ab3afd4 #ahhf4 ,?is v>iety orig9at$ 9 ,bucks ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 f se$ s[n by ,cornelius ,hoppock4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 cordate1 sweet2 v productive4 ,hosk9s4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #bfb4 #ahib4 #b4 ,ibid4 #bib1 ,pl4 ,,vi4 #ahic4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aej4 #ahie4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahii4 ,hosk9s orig9at$ ) ,c4 ,e4 ,hosk9s1#hf ,newb]g1 ,oregon1 ab\t #ahhj1 z a se$l+ ( ,napoleon4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 some:at spread+2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate suture a l9e2 /em %ort1 set 9 a r\ndi% cavity2 color dull purpli%-r$2 fle% purple1 fibr\s1 firm1 sprightly1 sweet2 quality good2 rip5s 9 mid-season4 ,hovey4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3be1 #bf1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3dje1 #djf fig4 #bg4 #ahec4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,hovey orig9at$ ) ,c4 ,m4 ,hovey1 ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts1 be+ select$ f a b$ ( se$l+s 9 #ahci2 fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahdh4 ,= a "t x 0 consid]$ a *]ry ( consid]able value b at pres5t x is b little kn[n4 ,tree v vigor\s1 upright1 spread+1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate2 /em %ort1 r /\t2 sk9 ri* amb] mottl$ ) brilliant r$2 fle% pale amb]1 r firm b t5d]1 sprightly becom+ sweet2 v good 9 quality2 /one slightly adh]5t to ! pulp1 small1 oval4 ,hoy4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ase ,cat4 #ab4 #aiji4 #b4 ,ibid4 ,pl4 #aiaj4 ,a new *]ry rec5tly f\nd 9 "o ( ! suburbs ( ,philadelphia & introduc$ 9 #aiji by ! ,*ase ,nurs]y ,company1 ,g5eva1 ,new ,york1 z a v valuable ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,z gr[n at ! ,g5eva ,/ation x is small] & no bett] ?an ,napoleon4 ,tree vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 unproductive on ! ,/ation gr\nds4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 slightly flatt5$1 ) irregul> surfaces2 cavity deep2 suture a l9e2 /em ( m$ium ?ickness & l5g?1 adh]+ to ! fruit2 sk9 r ?91 ( m$ium t\ghness1 adh]+ to ! pulp1 amb] cov]$ ) light r$1 sometimes spott$2 fle% :iti%1 juicy1 /r+y1 t5d]1 some:at meaty1 crisp1 sprightly1 sweet2 quality good2 /one cl++1 r\ndi%1 plump2 rip5s 9 mid-season4 #hf ,oregon has giv5 to pomology two notable bre$]s ( *]ries1 ,se? ,lewell+ & ,c4 ,e4 ,hosk9s1 ! subject ( ?is sket*4 ,cyrus ,edw9 ,hosk9s 0 born on a f>m 9 ,cl9ton ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 ,july #c1 #ahdb1 & !re he grew to manhood4 ,almo/ at ! fir/ call = m5 to def5d ! ,union 9 ! ,civil ,w>1 ,mr4 ,hosk9s respond$ & jo9$ ! #ac? ,ohio regim5t1 s]v+ until ! close ( ! w>4 ,return+ to ,ohio1 he gave att5tion to fruit culture1 te/+ _m v>ieties ( sev]al fruits & produc+ "s new grapes & b]ries4 ,9 #ahgg ,mr4 ,hosk9s mov$ to ,newb]g1 ,yamhill ,c\nty1 ,oregon1 settl+ on new l& & ?us becom+ a pione] 9 ! ,nor?we/4 ,8 fir/ pomological v5ture 9 ,oregon 0 9 gr[+ prunes1 8 or*>d ( ?is fruit be+ "o ( ! fir/1 & he is cr$it$ ) hav+ built "o ( ! fir/ evaporators = ! cur+ ( prunes 9 ,am]ica4 ,= "s ye>s he ma9ta9$ 8 prune ran* & evaporator1 develop+ a product t gave him ! highe/ reputation 9 prune m>kets & made him "o ( ! lead+ au?orities on ?is fruit 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,e>ly 9 8 or*>d "w 9 ,oregon ,mr4 ,hosk9s began to produce new v>ieties ( *]ries & soon (f]$ = sale a numb] ( promis+ se$l+s ( :i* ,ve/a1 ,lake1 ,occid5t1 ,/ryk] & ,hosk9s 7 mo/ wor?y4 ,un=tunately1 ill heal? 9 ! family compell$ ,mr4 ,hosk9s to move f ,yamhill ,c\nty1 to :i* place1 aft] hav+ sp5t sev]al ye>s 9 ,jackson ,c\nty1 ,oregon1 & 9 ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s1 he return$ ) ! expectation ( tak+ up 8 "w 9 bre$+ *]ries & prunes1 b 8 dea?1 ,augu/ #ah1 #aijh1 occurr$ be=e 8 "w _h be5 aga9 well begun4 ,! ,pacific ,nor?we/ owes a debt ( gratitude to ,mr4 ,hosk9s = ! sp5did "p he play$ 9 develop+ ! fruit indu/ry ( t region & pomologi/s ! c\ntry ov] owe him mu* = 8 labors 9 bre$+ *]ries4 ,hubb>d4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dcg4 #ahih4 ,hubb>d is a v>iety ( ! ,morello class gr[n ab\t ,villa ,ridge1 ,ill9ois4 ,tree dw>fi%1 droop+1 be>s e>ly1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 cordate1 ne>ly black2 prec$es ,e>ly ,ri*mond4 ,hung>ian ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cjb4 #ahhd4 ,hung>ian ,*]ry ( ,zw]ts4 #c4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egd4 #afbi4 #d4 ,rea ,flora #bjf4 #afgf4 ,al?\gh !re seems to be a discrepancy 9 ! size ( ! *]ry m5tion$ by ,p>k9son & ,rea & ! "o describ$ by ,hogg1 all ?ree writ]s und\bt$ly ref]r$ to ! same sort4 ,:ile ! fir/ two ref]5ces describe ! v>iety z exceptionally l>ge no def9ite /atem5ts are made1 ?us giv+ /r5g? to ! foll[+ description made by ,hogg _m ye>s lat]4 ,tree productive2 fruit r bel[ m$ium 9 size1 obtuse-cordate2 sk9 amb]1 mottl$ ) r$ on ! sunny side2 fle% :ite1 half-t5d]1 mildly sweet2 quality fair2 /one l>ge1 ovate2 rip5s 9 ,july4 ,hyde ,late ,black4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bcg4 #ahdi4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bfb4 #aheg4 ,?is v>iety orig9at$ ) ,t4 ,g4 ,hyde1 ,newton1 ,massa*usetts4 ,tree /rong 9 gr[?1 productive2 fruit m$ium 9 size1 obtuse-cordate1 purpli%-black2 fle% half-firm1 melt+1 juicy2 resembles ,eagle b is lat]4 ,hyde ,r$ ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhd4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #age4 #ahde4 ,hyde's ,se$l+4 #c4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bcb4 #ahdi4 ,ano!r se$l+ f ,t4 ,g4 ,hyde1 ,newton1 ,massa*usetts4 ,tree vigor\s1 h>dy1 spread+1 productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 cordate2 /em %ort2 sk9 pale yell[1 becom+ lively r$2 fle% t5d]1 ) a pleasant sprightl9ess1 juicy2 season e>ly ,july4 ,imp]ial ,morello4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bgi4 #aheg4 ,poit\ griotte4 #b4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adh4 #ahcb4 ,imp]ial4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bji4 #ahed4 ,griotte ,impriale4 #d4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ag1 #aie4 #ahgf4 #e4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #ag3i4 #ahib4 ,griotte ,c\rte ,queue4 #f4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bhd fig41 #bhe4 #ahgg4 ,gu9d\x du ,poit\4 #g4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aac1 #aad1 fig4 #eg4 #ahhb4 ,kais]li*e ,wei*sel4 #h4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfd4 #ahhi4 ,an old v>iety rec5tly introduc$ into ! ,nor?we/ :]e x has prov$ v h>dy4 ,tree small1 l[-head$1 productive1 be>s e>ly2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi%-oval2 /em v %ort1 %all[ly ins]t$2 sk9 v d>k r$2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 pleasantly acid :5 ripe2 pit small1 long1 po9t$2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,incomp>able en ,beaut4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,intorka4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #ffg4 #ahig4 ,intorka is an importation f ,russia4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 r\nd1 yell[ & r$2 fle% firm1 yell[i%1 subacid4 ,jaune de ,prusse4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,g>d4 #b3edd4 #ahee4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dff4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ic1 #id1 fig4 #dg4 #ahhb4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit small1 obtuse-cordate2 /em long1 sl5d]1 ins]t$ 9 a n>r[ cavity2 sk9 firm1 light yell[1 transluc5t2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet b slightly bitt] be=e x is fully ripe2 pit l>ge = ! size ( ! fruit2 rip5s aft] ,d[n]4 ,jean ,ar5ds54 ,species8 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cg4 #agga4 ,accord+ to ,knoop1 x closely resembles ! r\nd ,pragis*e ,muskatell] 9 bo? =m & color b is n z good 9 quality4 ,j5k9 ,black ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 ,m5tion$ )\t description4 ,j]usalem ,kirs*e von d] ,natte4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aec1 #aed4 #ahhb4 ,fl[]s & leaves only are describ$4 ,j]usalemskirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #eeg-efa4 #ahai4 ,spte ,knigli*e ,wei*sel4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3h1 ,tab4 #ai fig4 #b4 #agib4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #efa-efc4 #ahai4 ,spte grosse knigli*e ,wei*sel4 #d4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fhc4 #agig4 ,pyramid5kirs*e4 #e4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bia4 #ahjb4 ,pyramid5wei*sel4 #f4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ebi-eca4 #ahai4 ,! orig9 ( ?is old v>iety is unkn[n b x 0 *iefly gr[n 9 ,g]many4 ,tree unproductive2 fruit l>ge1 oval1 ) a %all[ suture2 /em long1 set 9 a %all[ cavity2 sk9 d>k r$1 *ang+ to black1 glossy2 fle% mod]ately firm1 juicy1 pleas+ subacid2 pit l>ge1 walnut-%ap$1 cl++2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,july 9 ,g]many4 ,jocosot4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh1 #djd4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aig fig4 #ahed4 ,jockotos4 #c4 ,hoop] ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #bgj4 #aheg4 ,jocosot 0 rais$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 9 #ahdb1 f a pit ( ! ,yell[ ,spani% & nam$ aft] an ,indian *ief4 ,tree ?rifty1 r\nd-topp$1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 regul>1 obtuse-cordate1 ind5t$ at ! apex1 sides compress$2 suture broad2 /em long1 set 9 a cavity ( m$ium size2 sk9 glossy1 ( a d>k-liv] color1 almo/ black2 fle% t5d]1 ) indi/9ct radiat+ l9es1 juicy1 sweet2 pit bel[ m$ium 9 size1 smoo?2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,joel ,keil ,kle9e ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bb4 #aheh4 ,fruit small1 r\ndi%-cordate2 suture indi/9ct2 /em long1 sl5d]1 %all[ly ins]t$2 sk9 black2 fle% r firm1 sweet1 juicy1 color$2 pit oval1 cl++2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july to ! middle ( ,augu/4 ,june ,am>elle4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ccj4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3gb4 #aijc4 ,c]isi] juniat4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fdi1 #fej1 #fia4 #ahai4 ,junius ,am>elle4 #d4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3gj4 #aheh4 ,juniat ,am>elle4 #e4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 #f4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbh4 #ahhh4 #g4 ,vt4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3bdc4 #ahih-ii4 ,june ,morello4 #h4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ai3edh4 #ahib4 ,tru*sess ref]s to ?is *]ry z hav+ be5 describ$ by ,sickl] 9 #ahje4 ,budd1 9 8 importations ( #ahhc1 f ,russia1 includ$ ?is v>iety4 ,tree ( m$ium size1 vigor\s1 r unproductive2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-oblate2 /em /\t1 ( m$ium l5g?2 suture indi/9ct2 sk9 ?91 r t\gh1 sep>at+ readily f ! pulp1 light r$2 fle% firm1 meaty1 yell[i%1 juicy2 flavor subacid2 quality fair2 /one ( m$ium size1 some:at r\nd2 season t ( ,e>ly ,ri*mond :i* x resembles 9 size1 flavor & color4 ,june ,duke4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,hoop] ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #bfi4 #aheg4 ,%ipp54 #b4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #bdh4 #ahag4 ,a t>t v>iety simil> to ,may ,duke1 kn[n ab\t ,philadelphia z ,%ipp5 & ,we!rill4 ,tree vigor\s2 fruit l>ge & pleas+2 rip5s late 9 ,june4 ,ju/9is*e ,morello4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bia4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ebc1 #ebd4 #ahai4 ,ju/9is*e ,am>elle4 #c4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fhc4 #agig4 ,?is v>iety is sep>at$ f o!r ,s\r ,*]ries rip5+ ) x1 ?r\gh its firm fle%1 its /raight1 %all[ly set /em & its a/r+5t1 s\r flavor4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%1 sides broadly compress$2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 r /\t2 suture %all[2 sk9 t\gh1 br[ni%-r$2 fle% d>k r$1 ) cle> r$ juice4 ,kamdesa4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 p]sica4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ajh3aijh4 ,not$ 9 ! ref]5ce z a cross betwe5 ! ,s& ,*]ry & ! ,opul5t pea*4 ,! blossoms %[ a t5d5cy to d\ble4 ,kapp5blttrige ,ssswei*sel4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3dg4 #aheh4 ,di/+ui%$ f ,may ,duke ?r\gh its small] fruit & roll$ leaves4 ,kass9 ,frhe ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lau*e ,ergnzungsb& #fja4 #ahhc4 #b4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3fj4 #aijj4 ,kass91 a v9ey>di/1 9 ,potsdam1 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 rais$ ?is sort f se$4 ,fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 sides compress$2 suture indi/9ct2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 ?ick1 set 9 a small cavity2 sk9 d>k br[n *ang+ to r$di%-black1 dott$2 fle% d>k1 juicy1 sweet2 excell5t2 /one r\ndi%-oval2 rip5s ! fir/ week ( ! season4 ,katie4 7,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus7 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an4 #hf fig4 #ahfi4 ,katie is a se$l+ ( ,l\is ,philippe cross$ ) a ,mazz>d4 ,! tree has ! ,mazz>d habit ( gr[?1 yet produces fruit resembl+ ,may ,duke 9 =m & size b deep] 9 color2 fle% t5d]2 matures ) ,d[n]4 ,kaufmann4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cde4 #aijf4 ,kaufmann is a /ray se$l+ ( ,engli% ,morello f ,m9nesota4 ,x is l>g] & a little long] 9 /em ?an ! suppos$ p>5t & rip5s ) ! la/ ( ! ,e>ly ,ri*mond4 ,kazan ,se$l+4 ,species8 #a4 ,vt4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3bdj4 #ahih-ii4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,kelly4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bec4 #aijc4 ,a ,sweet ,*]ry f ,b]ri5 ,c\nty1 ,mi*igan4 ,k5nicott4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baj fig4 #ahed4 ,k5nicott 0 rais$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl& & nam$ by ,elliott aft] ,dr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,k5nicott ( ,nor?field1 ,ill9ois4 ,tree vigor\s1 h>dy1 spread+1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 oval-cordate1 compress$2 suture %all[2 /em %ort1 ins]t$ 9 an irregul> cavity2 sk9 amb]-yell[1 mottl$ ) bright1 cle>1 glossy r$2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 firm1 juicy1 sweet2 pit bel[ m$ium 9 size1 smoo?2 rip5s ab\t ! middle ( ,july4 ,k5ti% ,dri]4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,a m$ium-siz$1 r$ *]ry ( fir/ quality us$ = cul9>y purposes2 rip5+ 9 ,july4 ,confus$ by "s ) ,e>ly ,ri*mond4 ,k5ti% ,pres]ve4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,keokuk4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baj fig4 #ahed4 ,keokuk is ano!r se$l+ rais$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 f a pit ( ,yell[ ,spani%1 probably cross$ ) ,black ,t>t>ian1 ,black ,mazz>d1 or ,may ,duke4 ,tree vigor\s1 /rong2 fruit l>ge1 cordate2 /em /\t2 sk9 d>k purpli%-black2 fle% half-t5d]1 purple1 r co>se2 defici5t 9 flavor2 pit ( m$ium size2 season e>ly 9 ,july4 ,ke/]t] ,frh ,kirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfd4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,k+ ,george ! ,second4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,brook%aw ,pom4 ,brit4 ,pl4 #f4 #ahag4 #b4 ,brook%aw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #a3c1 ,pl4 ,,ii fig4 #a4 #ahbc4 ,?is v>iety is di/+ui%$ f o!r black *]ries by its unev5 surface4 ,fruit l>ge1 ) a ri*1 sweet flavor2 rip5s ! fir/ ( ,june & hangs = six weeks4 ,k+ ,morello4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gh4 #ahij4 #b4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3fj4 #aijj4 #c4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgg4 #aijc4 ,k+ ,morello is ano!r ( ,budd's importations f ,russia4 ,tree v h>dy1 mod]ate 9 gr[?2 fruit l>ge1 oblate2 /em v>iable2 sk9 d>k r$2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 firm1 sprightly1 juicy1 good2 pit v small2 rip5s ) ,e>ly ,ri*mond4 ,kirs*e von ,basel4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ai fig41 #bj4 #ahfg4 ,jahn1 9 8 ,h&bu*1 calls att5tion to ! error 9 call+ ?is v>iety ,big>reau ,htif de ,bale z x is n a ,big>reau b a v>iegat$ ,he>t4 ,fruit compress$ unev5ly giv+ x a cordate appe>ance1 small2 suture %all[2 apex slightly depress$2 /em long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a %all[ cavity2 sk9 ?91 bright yell[ wa%$ ) pale r$1 mottl$ & /reak$2 fle% pale yell[1 s(t1 ) abundant1 uncolor$ juice1 pleas+ b n high 9 quality2 /one l>ge1 r\ndi%1 slightly po9t$2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,kir*heim]4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bij4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #edi4 #aija4 ,kir*heim] ,wei*sel4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ehj-ehc4 #ahai4 #d4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #he fig41 #hf4 #ahfg4 ,?is old *]ry is f ,kir*heim1 ,erfurt1 ,prussia1 ,g]many4 ,x is propagat$ by root cutt+s & is us$ = w9e & = cann+4 ,x is m5tion$ z gr[+ 9 ,briti% ,columbia b is o!rwise n spok5 ( by ,am]ican writ]s4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 droop+2 fruit ( m$ium size1 r\nd2 suture a l9e2 /em long1 sl5d]1 %all[ly ins]t$2 sk9 ?91 glossy1 almo/ black :5 ripe2 fle% mild subacid1 pleas+1 juicy2 /one small1 oval1 turgid2 rip5s at ! end ( ,july4 ,kirtl& ,morello4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,horticulturi/ #bb3bib1 #bic fig4 #ahfg4 ,kirtl&'s ,l>ge ,morello4 #b4 ,horticulturi/ ,n4 ,s4 #c3abc4 #ahec4 ,l>ge ,morello4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baj4 #ahed4 ,a se$l+ orig9at$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio2 x ?rives 9 sections ( ! s\? & we/ :]e ,sweet ,*]ries are g5]ally unsuccessful4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+2 fruit uni=mly di/ribut$1 borne 9 pairs1 l>ge1 uni=m1 r\ndi%2 /em %ort2 cavity r\nd1 n>r[2 sk9 glossy1 d>k r$2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 acid2 high quality2 pit small2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,kle9di5/ ,braune ,knorpel4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfe4 #ahhi4 ,big>reau ,brun ,kle9di5/4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ahd1 #ahe fig4 #ahgg4 ,l]oy1 9 #ahff1 /at$ t ?is v>iety 0 rais$ f se$ by ,m4 ,kle9di5/1 a v9ey>di/ at ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many4 ,tree mod]ately productive2 fruit usually borne 9 pairs1 l>ge1 cordate1 flatt5$2 /em long1 mod]ately /\t2 sk9 vivid r$1 *ang+ f grayi%-r$ to almo/ black2 fle% ( a :iti%-rose color1 firm1 filam5tose1 juicy1 sug>y1 acidulat$1 aromatic2 fir/ quality2 pit l>ge1 ovoid2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,kle9e ,am>elle4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fdd-fdf4 #ahai4 ,tru*sess /ates t ?is v>iety 0 describ$ by ,bttn] 9 #agig1 z ,kle9e ,glaskirs*e b t x belongs to ! ,am>elles4 ,tree productive2 fruit small1 globul>1 pale r$di%-yell[2 fle% melt+1 wat]y2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,kle9e ,bunte ,frhkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bdh-bea4 #ahai4 ,big>reau petit fruit r\ge htif4 #b4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aff1 #afg4 #agfh4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 ,big>reauti] petit fruit r\ge4 #d4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cjh-caj4 #ahai4 ,big>reau r\ge htif 7petit74 #e4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bdc fig41 #bdd4 #ahgg4 ,petit ,big>reau ,htif8 #f4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aje1 #ajf1 fig4 #ec4 #ahhb4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 usually atta*$ 9 pairs1 irregul>1 cordate1 flatt5$ on bo? faces2 /em long1 sl5d]2 sk9 almo/ :olly r$1 occasionally %[+ /reaks ( yell[2 fle% yell[i%1 firm1 juicy1 aromatic2 pit ( m$ium size1 ovoid2 rip5s ab\t ! middle ( ,june4 ,kle9e ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bai-bbb4 #ahai4 ,kle9e bunte ,molk5kirs*e4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bh4 #aheh4 ,fruit small1 ne>ly r\nd1 sides compress$2 suture di/9ct2 /em long1 sl5d]1 deeply ins]t$2 sk9 dull blood-r$1 ) yell[ spots2 fle% t5d]1 pale yell[1 juicy1 honey sweet2 /one small2 rip5s at ! end ( ,june4 ,kle9e ,frhe ,am>elle4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fej-feb4 #ahai4 ,fruit small1 r\nd1 flatt5$2 /em %ort2 suture a l9e2 sk9 cle> r$1 transp>5t1 t5d]2 fle% t5d]1 pleasant subacid2 /one small1 adh]+ m to ! /em ?an to ! fle%2 rip5s ! la/ half ( ,july4 ,kle9e ,natte4 ,species8 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfe4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,kle9e ,nonn5kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort #ehe-ehh4 #ahai4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fe1 #ff4 #aheh4 ,?is v>iety is a se$l+ ( ! common wild ,s\r ,*]ry4 ,! fruit is ! smalle/ ( ! ,s\r ,*]ries & resembles ! black ,bird *]ries b has a %ort] /em4 ,tree ( m$ium size1 droop+2 fruit v small1 oblate2 /em %ort1 %all[ly ins]t$2 sk9 glossy1 black1 ?9 b t\gh2 fle% firm1 t5d]1 juicy1 ) a peculi> s\rness2 /one small1 r\nd1 adh]+ to ! fle% m ?an to ! /em1 /a9$ violet2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,augu/ cont9u+ = ?ree weeks4 ,kle9e ,s*w>ze ,frhe ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #aee1 #aef4 #ahai4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bj4 #aheh4 ,no d\bt ?is v>iety1 ! ,kle9e ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e1 & ! ,black ,he>t greatly resemble ea* o!r & "s writ]s comb9e !m4 ,kle9e ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bge4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #adh1 #adi4 #ahai4 ,may]'s kle9e s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bb4 #aheh4 ,?is v>iety is di/+ui%$ f ! ,grosse ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e only ?r\gh its size & lat] rip5+2 fruit regul>1 cordate1 some:at flatt5$2 sk9 br[ni%-black2 fle% s(t1 t5d]2 rip5s ! latt] "p ( ,july4 ,kle9e ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bgg4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #aie-aig1 #fgd4 #ahai4 ,di/+ui%$ f o!rs ( its class ?r\gh its smallness & firmness4 ,fruit small1 v>iable1 flatt5$ at ! ends2 suture (t5 lack+2 sk9 v d>k br[n2 fle% firm1 d>k r$1 juicy1 n unpleasant b n excell5t2 /one small2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,augu/2 productive4 ,kle9e ,weisse ,frhkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bef-beh4 #ahai4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bg4 #aheh4 ,describ$ z "o ( ! fir/ to rip54 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 oblate1 compress$2 /em long1 ins]t$ 9 a %all[ bas92 sk9 t\gh1 yell[i%-:ite1 %ad$ ) r$2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sweet2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,june4 ,kle9] ,frh] ,may ,h]zkirs*baum4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3a1 ,tab4 #b fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,di/+ui%$ f ! ,gross] ,frh] ,mai-,h]zkirs*baum by its inf]ior size & light] fle% & juice2 rip5s at ! end ( ,may4 ,knapp4 ,species8 #a4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bij4 #ahhi4 ,?is *]ry is a se$l+ f ,george ,knapp1 ,lafayette1 ,oregon2 introduc$ by ,e4 ,r4 ,poppleton1 #ahhe2 fruit ( m$ium size1 r\nd1 black4 ,knight ,late ,black4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bjd4 #ahdc4 ,big>reau-noir de ,knight4 #c4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,fruit l>ge1 black1 obtuse-cordate1 firm2 second quality2 rip5s at ! end ( ,july4 ,knudson4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 ,accord+ to a lett] f ! ,utah ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 ?is v>iety 0 discov]$ by ,william ,o4 ,knudson1 ,brigham ,city1 ,utah1 9 #ahif4 ,al?\gh simil> to ,late ,duke1 fur!r te/+ may prove x di/9ct4 ,tree be>s e>ly1 h>dy2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 bright sc>let2 rip5s ov] a long p]iod2 us$ = pies & cann+4 ,knyasnaia ,sjev]a4 ,p4 c]asus ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,s4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #gb3eai4 #aiab4 #b4 ,ibid4 #gc3ecf ,pl4 #aiab4 ,?is is a l>ge-fruit$ *]ry1 orig9at$ 9 #ahhh by ! ,russian plant-bre$]1 ,i4 ,v4 ,mijur91 at ,kozlov1 ,c5tral ,russia1 & nam$ ,knyasnaia ,sjev]a1 mean+ ,que5 ( ! ,nor?4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture introduc$ x into ?is c\ntry "u ! numb] #cbfgd4 ,x is claim$ to be a hybrid betwe5 an e>ly ,vladimir & a v>iety ( ,sweet ,*]ry call$ ,:ite ,w9kl]4 ,x possesses excell5t %ipp+ & keep+ qualities4 ,?is *]ry has /ood ! sev]e w9t]s ( ,c5tral ,russia v well & may be expect$ to ?rive 9 p>ts ( ! ,middle ,we/ & :]e ! climate is m or less semi-arid4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 ) few side bran*es2 trunk smoo? & clean2 fruit l>ge1 pale r$1 ) a fre% s\r-sweet flavor2 rip5+ ab\t ! end ( ,june4 ,ko* ,spte ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ch4 #aheh4 #b4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfe4 #ahhi4 ,orig9at$ ab\t #ahea4 ,fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate2 suture %all[2 /em m$ium long1 %all[ly ins]t$2 sk9 glossy1 black2 fle% firm1 piquant2 quality high2 /one small1 r\ndi%-oval2 rip5s at ! end ( ,augu/4 ,ko*s ,o/heim] ,wei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,ko*s v]bess]te ,o/heim] ,wei*sel4 #b4 ,reut4 ,pom4 ,in/4 ,fe/s*rift #abb4 #aiaj4 ,a /rong-gr[+1 productive v>iety1 said to exce$ its p>5t1 ,o/heim1 9 size1 color1 & flavor4 ,koep]4 ,species8 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #cda4 #ahic4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,kolaki4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3bi1 #cj1 fig4 #ae4 #ahhb4 ,accord+ to ,ob]dieck1 ?is v>iety is ( ,bohemian orig94 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 cordate1 slightly elongat$2 apex obtuse2 suture di/9ct2 /em m$ium long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a n>r[1 %all[ cavity2 sk9 mod]ately firm1 transp>5t1 yell[ 9 ! sun1 purpli% 9 ! %ade2 fle% t+$ yell[1 t5d]1 juicy1 some:at sug>y2 fir/ quality2 pit small1 oval1 flatt5$ at ! base1 obtuse at ! apex2 rip5s ! fir/ ( ,june4 ,korkovany] ,kirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ef4 #aijg4 ,li/$ b n describ$4 ,koslov4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgh4 #aijc4 ,koslov bu% ,morello4 #b4 ,c4 ,hort4 #ab3baf1 fig4 #eh1 #bah4 #ahhi4 ,koslov-,morello4 #c4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abh4 #aijj4 ,! ,koslov *]ries are se$l+s1 n a s+le v>iety4 ,a numb] ( se$l+s 7 import$ by ! ,ont>io ,fruit ,gr[]s' ,association 9 #ahhi1 f ,koslov1 ,crimea1 ,russia1 :]e !y 7 gr[n by ,russian peasants1 be+ propagat$ f pits4 ,! trees are l[1 bu%-%ap$1 sl[ 9 com+ into be>+ & mo/ ( ! fruit is wor?less4 ,! "o mo/ gr[n is mod]ately l>ge1 r\ndi%1 po9t$ at ! apex2 suture b>ely traceable2 /em long1 set 9 a slight depression2 sk9 d>k r$1 turn+ black2 fle% d>k r$1 t5d]1 juicy1 acid2 rip5s f ! la/ ( ,july to ! la/ ( ,augu/4 ,ko/elnice4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ai1 #bj1 fig4 #aj4 #ahhb4 ,orig9at$ 9 ,neu/adt1 ,prussia1 ,g]many4 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s2 fruit m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 obtuse-cordate2 /em %ort1 set 9 a /raight1 r deep cavity2 sk9 t\gh1 vivid purple *ang+ to almo/ black2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 v9\s1 agreeably acidulat$2 good2 /one v small1 ovoid1 turgid2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,june4 ,ko/elniti4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,kriek van d5 ,broek4 ,species8 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #afe1 #aff4 #ahai4 ,?is v>iety1 com+ to ,tru*sess 9 #ahjh1 f ,holl&1 0 confus$ ) sev]al o!rs receiv$ at ! same "t4 ,kritz5dorf] ,e9si$ekirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,ob/z*t] #h3eb4 #aiaj4 ,an int5sely black1 l>ge1 late *]ry :i* is valu$ = m>ket because ( its color4 ,kronb]g] ,kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bgd4 #ahjb4 ,kronkirs*e4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffc4 #agig4 ,kronb]g ,black ,he>t4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #abd-abf4 #ahai4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bjc4 #ahdc4 ,kronb]g] ,h]zkirs*e4 #e4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dh4 #ahca4 ,wildl+ von ,kronb]g4 #f4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #bi fig41 #cj4 #ahfg4 ,big>reau de ,kronb]g4 #g4 ,guide ,prat4 #ae1 #ahb4 #ahie4 ,accord+ to ,g]man pomologi/s1 ?is v>iety 0 rais$ f se$ at ,kronb]g1 ,prussia1 ,g]many4 ,tree productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 obtuse-cordate1 sides unev5ly compress$2 suture indi/9ct2 /em long1 /\t1 set 9 a %all[ cavity2 sk9 t\gh1 glossy1 black :5 mature1 light] along ! suture2 fle% firm] ?an o!rs ( its class1 d>k r$1 aromatic1 sweet2 pit broadly cordate1 some:at adh]5t2 rip5s at ! end ( ,june4 ,kronpr9z von ,hannov]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #dgi fig41 #dhj4 #ahfa4 ,pr9ce ,royal du ,hanovre4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cjb4 #ahff4 ,big>reau ,pr9ce ,royal de ,hanovre4 #c4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bcb fig4 #ahgg4 ,pr9ce de ,hanovre4 #d4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3dc1 #dd1 fig4 #bb4 #ahhb4 ,gr[n by ,m4 ,lieke1 a nurs]yman at ,hilde%eim1 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 fruit+ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahed4 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 usually atta*$ 9 pairs1 r\ndi% to po9t$-cordate2 suture %all[2 /em long1 sl5d]1 ins]t$ 9 a r deep cavity2 sk9 r t5d]1 glossy1 yell[i%1 /reak$ & mottl$ ) r$2 fle% firm1 yell[i%1 juicy1 pleas+ly acidulat$2 pit m$ium l>ge1 ovate1 plump2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,june4 ,krg] ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #fg fig41 #fh4 #ahfj4 ,krg]s s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #afa1 #afb4 #ahai4 ,krg]s ,h]zkirs*e zu ,frankfurt4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,guigne de ,krug]4 #d4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aih4 #ahgf4 #e4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3gg1 #gh1 fig4 #ci4 #ahhb4 ,?is *]ry 0 fir/ he>d ( at ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 9 #ahaj4 ,x is di/+ui%$ f ,eagle 9 be+ l>g]1 %ort] /emm$1 light] 9 color1 & less t5d] 9 fle%4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive1 upright2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 oblate2 suture %all[2 /em m$ium long1 r deeply ins]t$2 sk9 d>k br[n or black2 fle% d>k r$1 juicy1 v9\s1 t5d]1 yet (t5 firm2 /one small1 r\ndi%-oval1 plump1 adh]+ slightly to ! fle% on "o side2 rip5s ab\t ! middle ( ,july4 ,la ,nappe4 ,species8 #a4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,lacure 7,l>ge74 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egb4 #afbi4 ,! great ,lacure or ,h>t ,*]rie diff]e? n 9 =me1 b 9 greatnesse1 be+ usually twice z great z ! =m] ,lacure 7,small71 & ( a r$di% blacke col\r also3 bo? ( !m are ( a firme sub/ance1 & reasonable sweete4 ,"s doe call ! :ite *]rie1 ! ,:ite h>t *]rie4 ,lacure 7,small74 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egb4 #afbi4 ,! small] ,lacure or ,h>t ,*]rie is a reasonable faire ,*]rie1 full above1 & a little po9t+ d[nw>d1 aft] ! fa%ion ( a he>t1 z x is usually po9t$1 blacki% :5 x is full ripe1 & less] ?an ! next ,lacure 7,l>ge74 ,lad ,late4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3fj4 #aijj4 ,von ,lade's ,spte ,knorpelkirs*e4 #b4 ,lau*e ,ergnzungsb& #fje4 #ahhc4 ,big>reau ,t>dif de ,lad4 #c4 ,guide ,prat4 #ae1 #ahd4 #ahie4 ,a ,g]man v>iety probably rais$ f se$ by ,m4 ,lad4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 long1 cordate1 compress$ at ! /em1 r\ndi% at ! apex2 suture indi/9ct2 /em long1 ?91 slightly curv$2 cavity %all[2 sk9 yell[i% ov]spread ) glossy light r$1 d>k] 9 ! sun1 fa9tly /reak$2 fle% firm1 yell[i%1 sweet1 v9\s2 excell5t2 /one long1 oval2 rip5s 9 ,septemb] la/+ a mon?2 productive4 ,lady ( ! ,lake4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,c\ntry ,g5t4 #bh3cih4 #ahff-fg4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfg4 #ahfi4 ,lady ( ! ,lake is a se$l+ f ,*>les ,pease1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 productive2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi%-obtuse-conic1 compress$1 ) a %all[ suture2 /em m$ium1 ins]t$ 9 a deep cavity2 sk9 light yell[1 %ad$ & mottl$ ) bright crimson2 fle% half-t5d]1 pale yell[1 juicy1 sweet1 ri*2 season accord+ to ! climate1 e>ly ,may to late ,june4 ,lady ,s\?ampton4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #he4 #ahff4 ,lady ,s\?ampton's ,yell[4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahg4 #ahde4 ,accord+ to ! ref]5ce1 ?is is an almo/ wor?less yell[ ,big>reau4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 he>t-%ap$2 sk9 yell[2 fle% pale1 firm1 r dry1 ) uncolor$ juice1 season ! middle ( ,july4 ,la$] ,kirseba]4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 ,m5tion$ b n describ$4 ,lake4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,lake 0 nam$ 9 honor ( ,pr(essor ,e4 ,r4 ,lake1 !n ( ! ,oregon ,agricultural ,college1 by ! orig9ator1 ,c4 ,e4 ,hosk9s1 ,spr+brook1 ,oregon4 ,! tree came into be>+ ab\t #ahib & is report$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society's fruit li/ ( #aiji z succe$+ well 9 ! nor?we/4 ,fruit l>ge1 sweet1 & v good4 ,lak] or ,lok] ,bunte ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,lamaurie4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #agg3ca4 #ahii4 ,e>ly ,lamaurie4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfa4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bhf1 #bia4 #ahhi4 ,! *ief asset ( ?is v>iety is its e>l9ess = :i* x is cultivat$ 9 ,engl&1 ,france & ,am]ica4 ,! p>5tage & orig9ator are unkn[n4 ,tree ( m$ium vigor & productiv5ess2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 compress$2 /em sl5d]2 sk9 ?91 mod]ately t\gh2 color d>k r$di%-purple2 fle% d>k r$1 juicy1 /r+y1 t5d]1 mild1 sweet2 ( v good quality2 season v e>ly4 ,lamp5 ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bjd1 #bje1 #fgf4 #ahai4 ,lamp]s ,knorpel-,kirs*e4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 ,big>reau noir de ,lamp4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cjb4 #ahff4 #d4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aij4 #ahgf4 #e4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bbf fig41 #bbg1 #ceb4 #ahgg4 ,a ,g]man *]ry rais$ f se$ at ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 9 #ahaj1 & nam$ = its orig9ator4 ,fruit above m$ium 9 size1 atta*$ 9 twos & ?rees1 obtuse-cordate2 /em sl5d]1 set 9 a wide1 %all[ cavity2 sk9 ?91 r d>k r$di%-br[n2 fle% d>k r$1 r firm1 juicy1 sug>y1 w9e-l2 second quality2 pit l>ge1 oval2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,june4 ,lanca/]4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afc4 #ahha4 #b4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aaa4 #aijj4 ,lanca/] is an accid5tal se$l+ on ! gr\nds ( ,daniel ,smey*1 ,lanca/]1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s1 m op5 & spread+ ?an ,e>ly ,ri*mond2 fruit m$ium l>ge1 he>t-%ap$ to oblate1 slightly r\ndi%2 cavity deep1 broad2 /em long1 sl5d]2 suture v slight2 apex small2 sk9 light r$1 v ?91 t5d]2 fle% :ite1 mod]ately s(t1 juicy1 sweet ) a sprightly flavor2 /one r\ndi%1 slightly ovate1 p>tially free2 season ,june4 ,langsur] ,pra*twei*sel4 ,species8 #a4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,l>ge ,black ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,a m$ium-siz$1 firm1 black ,he>t *]ry ( poor quality1 rip5+ e>ly 9 ,july4 ,l>ge ,d\ble ,fl[]+4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?a*] ,am4 ,or*4 #bag4 #ahbb4 #b4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aaa4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aii4 #ahde4 ,m]iszi]e4 #d4 ,rea ,flora #bj4 #afgf4 ,m]ise ,fleur ,d\ble4 #e4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aeg4 #agfh4 #f4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 ,kramelkirs*5baum mit gross gefllt] ,bl!4 #g4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3d1 ,tab4 #h4 #agib4 ,h]zkirs*5baum mit grosse gefllt] ,bl!4 #h4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffh4 #agig4 ,ssskirs*5baum mit ganz gefllt] ,blte4 #i4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cfc-cgj4 #ahai4 ,geflltblh5de ,ssskirs*e4 #aj4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ah4 #aheh4 ,?is v>iety 9 gr[? & foliage resembles ! ,mazz>d & ,black ,he>t & n ! common d\ble-fl[]+ *]ry ) its small tree & small1 po9t$ leaves4 ,! fl[]s :i* appe> at ! usual season are produc$ 9 ! mo/ %[y pr(usion be+ f "o to "o & "o-half in*es 9 diamet]2 !y are compos$ ( ab\t =ty :ite petals dispos$ 9 ! =m ( a rose1 ) ab\t ?irty /am5s & a l>ge1 abortive pi/il4 ,! num]\s d\ble fl[]s1 resembl+ clu/]s ( small1 :ite roses1 make ! tree a v useful ornam5tal4 ,l>ge ,griotte4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adh4 #ahcb4 ,l>ge ,griotte resembles ,griotte ,commune b is l>g] & e>li]2 sk9 glossy black2 fle% d>k r$1 firm1 sweet1 pleas+4 ,l>ge ,gu9dolle4 ,species8 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adi1 #aej4 #ahcb4 ,leaves are deeply ind5t$1 d\ble-too!d2 fruit l>ge1 flatt5$ at ! ends1 pale r$2 fle% :ite1 melt+1 juicy2 rip5s at ! end ( ,june or beg9n+ ( ,july4 ,l>ge ,he>t-%ap$ ,big>reau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abi4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aii fig4 #ahed4 ,big>reau ,gros ,mon/rueux4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #df4 #ahca4 ,big>reau ,gros ,coeuret4 #d4 ,ibid4 #df4 #ahca4 #e4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dec4 #ahfi4 ,mon/r\s ,he>t4 #f4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #gh1 #hg4 #ahff4 ,a v>iety ( ,fr5* orig9 :i* 0 nev] ext5sively gr[n 9 ,am]ica4 ,tree /rong1 vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate2 suture (t5 rais$2 /em v>iable1 set 9 a %all[ cavity2 sk9 d>k1 glossy r$1 ne>ly black1 surface unev52 fle% firm b t5d]1 r$di%1 pleasant1 mod]ately juicy2 good 9 quality2 /one l>ge1 oval2 rip5s ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,l>ge ,late ,r$ ,big>reau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abh1 #abi4 #ahcb4 ,big>reau gros ,fruit ,r\ge ,t>dif4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #df4 #ahca4 ,! fruit is some:at small] & mu* lat] 9 maturity ?an t ( ! ,l>ge ,r$ ,big>reau4 ,! color is d>k r$ on ! %ad$ side & on ! o!r a br[ni%-r$1 almo/ black :i* has giv5 x ! "n ,black ,big>reau2 fle% firm1 juicy & ( excell5t flavor4 ,l>ge ,spani%4 ,species8 #a4 ,mill] ,g>d4 ,dict4 #a3aged4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,l>oses ,glaskirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #agg fig41 #agh4 #ahfj4 ,l>ose4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ceb fig41 #cec4 #ahgg4 ,?is *]ry 0 rais$ f se$ 9 #ahbf by ,m4 ,l>ose1 ( ,neuilly-sur-,se9e1 ,france4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit usually borne 9 pairs1 l>ge1 obtuse-cordate2 sides compress$2 suture %all[2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?1 set 9 a l>ge1 deep cavity2 sk9 glossy1 t\gh1 mottl$ ) pale r$ becom+ d>k]2 fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 slightly fibr\s1 juicy1 mildly acid2 pit r l>ge1 plump1 oval1 flatt5$ at ! base2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,july4 ,late ,big>reau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,horticulturi/ #b3abd4 #ahdg-dh4 #b4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bce4 #ahdi4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aii4 #ahed4 ,late ,big>reau 0 rais$ 9 #ahdb by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio4 ,tree vigor\s1 r\nd-topp$1 v productive2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 occasionally some:at angul>2 /em long2 sk9 attractive yell[1 occasionally ne>ly ov]spread ) crimson-r$1 delicately blot*$ or mottl$2 fle% yell[i%1 ) di/9ct radiat+ l9es1 juicy1 firm1 crisp1 sweet1 pleasant2 v good 9 quality2 /one r small1 r\ndi%2 season late1 ! same z ,d[n]4 ,late ,black ,big>reau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acj4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aab fig4 #be1 #aac1 #aad4 #ahff4 #c4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cch4 #ahhi4 ,?is v>iety diff]s f ,black ,big>reau 9 be+ small]1 less he>t-%ap$1 & 9 rip5+ lat]4 ,x 0 fir/ kn[n z ,big>reau ,noir ,t>dif b ,pr9ce1 9 #ahcb1 at :i* "t he possibly br\ght x to ,am]ica1 translat$ ! "n into ,engli% & call$ x ,late ,black ,big>reau "u :i* "n x is n[ kn[n 9 ,engli% & ,am]ican pomologies4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright1 productive2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 cordate2 suture indi/9ct2 color d>k br[ni%-r$ *ang+ to glossy black2 fle% purpli%-r$1 ) abundant1 highly color$ juice1 v firm1 crisp1 sweet yet sprightly1 aromatic2 quality good2 rip5s 9 mid-season or lat]4 ,late ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,accord+ to ! ref]5ce1 ?is is a small1 black ,he>t ( poor quality rip5+ e>ly 9 ,july4 ,late ,l>ge ,black ,griotte4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ade1 #adf4 #ahcb4 ,wor?y ( consid]ation because ( its beauty & lat5ess1 (t5 rema9+ on ! tree until ,octob]4 ,tree ( m$ium size2 bran*es num]\s1 sl5d]2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%2 /em v long2 sk9 d>k r$1 ne>ly black2 fle% r$1 v acid & bitt]1 some:at mild] at maturity4 ,late ,purple ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #he4 #ahff4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfh4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bd4 #ahgf4 ,a l>ge1 d>k r$1 ,g]man v>iety rip5+ ! latt] "p ( ,july2 fle% firm1 juicy1 agreeable4 ,late ,ri*mond4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aaa4 #aijj4 #b4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3gc4 #aijc4 ,! orig9 ( ?is v>iety is unc]ta9 b x seems to h be5 gr[n 9 ! ,middle ,we/ ab\t =ty ye>s ago4 ,x is suppos$ to be a se$l+ ( ,e>ly ,ri*mond diff]+ f its p>5t 9 rip5+ lat]1 be+ ( bett] quality1 & m upright 9 gr[?4 ,fruit r\nd1 conical2 /em ?ick1 mod]ately long2 cavity %all[1 broad2 sk9 ?92 fle% t5d]1 ) abundant1 colorless juice1 acid2 quality good2 rip5s a week or t5 days lat] ?an ,e>ly ,ri*mond2 unproductive4 ,late ,ripe4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,g]>de ,h]ball #aejd1 #aeje1 fig4 #e4 #afcf4 ,accord+ to ,g]>de1 ?is *]ry is simil> to ! wild ,engli% *]ry 9 bran*es & foliage b ! fl[]s are (t5 d\bl$2 fruit small1 r\nd1 d>k r$1 (t5 dri$ ) ! /ems on2 us$ by physicians4 ,late ,:ite ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aac4 #ahcb4 ,fruit ne>ly r\nd1 ) a deep suture2 sk9 :iti% or v pale amb]1 t+$ ) light r$2 fle% firm1 agreeable2 rip5s 9 ,france 9 ,septemb]4 ,la?am4 ,species8 #a4 ,ont4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #c3de4 #ahif4 ,li/$ z hav+ be5 gr[n at ! ,simcoe ,/ation4 ,laura4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfh4 #ahfi4 ,laura orig9at$ ) ,*>les ,pease1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio4 ,tree spread+1 upright1 productive2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 globul>1 (t5 "o-sid$2 /em m$ium1 ins]t$ 9 a %all[ depression2 sk9 pale yell[1 l>gely ov]spread ) ri*1 bright r$2 fle% :ite1 juicy1 sweet1 ri*1 half-t5d]2 pit m$ium to small2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,june & hangs well4 ,lea!r ,/ock+4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baa1 #bab4 #ahed4 ,lea!r ,/ock+ 0 gr[n by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 9 #ahdb1 f a pit ( ,yell[ ,spani%4 ,tree vigor\s1 h>dy1 mod]ately productive2 fruit l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 (t5 obtuse2 sk9 fa9t r$ becom+ a ri* r$di%-black :5 fully ripe1 ) irregul> /ripes & blot*es ( black2 cavity deep1 op52 fle% firm1 t+$ ) r$1 sweet1 fair2 pit ( m$ium size2 season ! la/ ( ,july4 ,leib4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 #ad3bh4 #ahgb4 #b4 ,horticulturi/ #bi3bef4 #ahgd4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afc4 #ahha4 ,?is v>iety 0 br\ght f ,g]many ab\t #ahej & plant$ 9 ! g>d5 ( a ,mr4 ,leib1 ,gal5a1 ,ill9ois4 ,x resembles ,e>ly ,ri*mond & 0 claim$ to be v productive & h>dy at ! "t ( its introduction2 x has n be5 widely dissem9at$4 ,tree h>dy1 heal?y1 upright 9 gr[?1 be>+ abundantly2 fruit ( a crimson color1 sweet2 quality good2 season ! end ( ,june1 foll[+ ,e>ly ,ri*mond4 ,leitzkau]4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhg4 #ahjb4 ,sau] ,e9ma* & ,backkirs*e4 #b4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #gc1 #gd4 #agij4 ,leitzkau] ,e9ma*wei*sel4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #efg-efi4 #ahai4 ,no d\bt ! "n ( ?is *]ry arises f ! cloi/]1 ,leitzkau1 9 ,magdeburg1 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 :]e x is widely plant$4 ,x is propagat$ by root cutt+s & if n prun$1 gr[s tall1 weak & droop+4 ,fruit m$ium to small1 r\ndi%2 /em long2 sk9 d>k br[n to glossy black2 fle% r$di%1 juicy1 s\r2 /one small1 r$2 rip5s 9 ,augu/2 ( little value4 ,lem]ci]4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,hort4 ,reg4 7,am47 #a3cdc1 #cdd4 #ahce4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3cii fig41 #djj4 #ahdg4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #he4 #ahff4 #d4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 #e4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cec1 #ced fig4 #ahgg4 ,frhe ,lem]ci]4 #f4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #aeg fig41 #aeh4 #ahfj4 ,discov]$ by ,m4 ,lem]ci] 9 ,brabant1 ,belgium1 ab\t #ahcj2 introduc$ into ,p>is 9 #ahce & into ,am]ica 9 #ahdb4 ,x resembles ,late ,duke ) :i* x rip5s4 ,fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate2 suture %all[2 /em long1 ins]t$ 9 a wide1 deep cavity2 sk9 glossy1 transp>5t1 mottl$ ) r$2 fle% yell[i% be=e ripe1 becom+ r$1 firm b melt+1 juicy1 slightly acidulat$1 ) a peculi> fragrance2 /one r l>ge1 r\ndi%1 truncate at ! base1 slightly cl++2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,july4 ,lopold 7,,ii74 ,species8 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfg4 #ahhi4 ,m5tion$ b n describ$4 ,leopoldskirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fgd4 #agig4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #efd-eff4 #ahai4 ,griotte de ,lopold4 #c4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bf1 #aie4 #ahgf4 ,?is v>iety 0 receiv$ by ,tru*sess 9 #agif f ,pa/or ,w9t] z ,brussel] ,bruyn by :i* "n x 0 call$ by a few ,g]man pomologi/s4 ,x %\ld n be confus$ ) ! pres5t ,brussel] ,braune4 ,fruit l>ge1 almo/ r\nd1 compress$ on "o side2 sk9 d>k br[n *ang+ to ne>ly black2 fle% d>k r$1 juicy1 melt+1 mild :5 mature2 /one almo/ r\nd2 rip5s t[>d ! end ( ,july4 ,! droop+ bran*es1 ! small1 s\r *]ry leaves :i* turn yell[ & drop & ! sweetness 9 flavor sep>ate x f ! ,grosse ,morelle4 ,les*k5 7,les*ke's7 ,s*w>ze ,knorpel ,kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfg4 #ahhi4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,le!4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #dj4 #ahie4 ,le! 0 gr[n by ,c4 ,e4 ,hosk9s1 ,spr+brook1 ,oregon4 ,fruit ( ! ,big>reau type1 l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 surface smoo?1 glossy2 cavity m$ium 9 size & dep?1 irregul>1 fl>+1 m>k$ by irregul> waves2 suture %all[2 /em v long1 sl5d]1 curv$2 sk9 ?91 t5aci\s1 purpli%-black2 dots m9ute1 ind5t$2 fle% v d>k purpli%-r$1 firm1 meaty1 juicy1 mild subacid1 almo/ sweet2 quality good2 pit l>ge1 oval1 semi-cl++2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june 9 ,oregon4 ,liefeld ,braune4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfg4 #ahhi4 ,guigne brune de ,liefeld4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #f1 #aia4 #ahie4 ,tree ( m$ium size1 v vigor\s & productive2 fruit l>ge1 cordate1 br[ni%1 mottl$2 fle% r$1 sweet2 ( fir/ quality2 matures e>ly 9 ,june4 ,lieke ,bunte ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #fa fig41 #fb4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfg4 #ahhi4 ,big>reau ,t>di de ,lieke4 #c4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ba1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,orig9at$ ) ,h]r ,lieke ( ,hilde%eim1 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 fruit+ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahea4 ,! fruit is "o ( ! late/ to rip52 l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 compress$2 /em long1 sl5d]1 ins]t$ 9 a r wide1 deep cavity2 suture indi/9ct2 sk9 glossy1 t\gh1 yell[1 /reak$ & spott$ ) a mild r$2 fle% fa9tly yell[1 firm1 sweet ) a pleas+ s\rness2 /one small1 oval2 season late4 ,l9coln 7,i74 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfh4 #ahfi4 ,l9coln is a vigor\s1 spread+ v>iety1 f\nd ne> ,clevel&1 ,ohio4 ,fruit l>ge1 oblong-cordate1 po9t$2 suture broad1 %all[2 /em long2 cavity deep2 sk9 d>k br[n :5 ripe2 fle% firm1 ve9$ & mottl$ ) %ades ( r$1 juicy1 sprightly1 sweet1 pleasant2 pit above m$ium 9 size2 season ! fir/ to ! middle ( ,july4 ,l9coln 7,,ii74 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bhi4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3bi4 #aiaj4 ,se? ,lewell+ ( ,milwaukee1 ,oregon1 rais$ ?is v>iety 9 #ahfe probably f a se$ ( ,eagle4 ,tree l>ge1 spread+1 ) an op5 top1 s]i\sly affect$ ) black aphis2 fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-cordate2 sk9 v d>k1 ?ick1 t\gh2 /em %ort2 fle% firm1 deep r$1 juicy2 good quality2 pit small1 r\nd4 ,l9dley4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baa4 #ahed4 ,l9dley 0 rais$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl& f se$s giv5 him by ,m4 ,l9dley1 ,euclid1 ,ohio4 ,tree vigor\s1 mod]ately prolific2 fruit l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 surface unev52 sk9 d>k purpli%-r$2 fle% almo/ firm1 t+$ r$1 juicy1 defici5t 9 ri*ness2 season ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,lipp4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgi4 #aijc4 ,lipp ,late ,blood4 #b4 ,gre5 ,cat4 #bi4 #aijf4 ,lipp orig9at$ 9 ,lanca/]1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,fruit l>ge1 d>k r$ or crimson2 /em long2 fle% & juice v d>k1 meaty2 late4 ,li?am4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,/one ,well+ton ,cat4 #cc4 #aijg4 ,?is is a ,russian *]ry introduc$ by ,/one ,well+ton1 ,toronto1 ,ont>io4 ,fruit ( m$ium size2 color r$2 fle% firm4 ,little ,phil4 ,species8 #a4 ,wyo4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #cd3abi4 #ahig4 ,m5tion$ z n h>dy 9 ,wyom+4 ,logan4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjj fig4 #ahed4 #c4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bd1 #bja4 #ahgf4 ,logan is ano!r ( ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&'s *]ries orig9at+ 9 #ahdb f a pit ( ,yell[ ,spani%4 ,tree h>dly heal?y1 some:at spread+2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 ) a %all[ depression at ! apex2 /em v>iable1 set 9 a deep cavity2 sk9 purpli%-black :5 ripe2 fle% firm1 d>k r$1 ) :ite1 radiat+ l9es1 juicy1 sweet1 ri*2 pit above m$ium 9 size1 oval2 mid-season4 ,long ,f+]4 ,species8 #a4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egd4 #afbi4 ,! long f+] ,*]ry is ano!r small long r$ "o1 be+ long & r\nd l a f+]1 :]e( x took ! "n34444 ,look ,no ,fur!r4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat ,(f4 ,rpt4 #bid4 #ahec4 ,?is v>iety 0 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry 9 #ahae1 f ! ,royal ,g>d5s ( ,luxemb\rg1 ,p>is1 by ,samson ,v4 ,s4 ,wild] ( ,bolton1 ,massa*usetts4 ,said to be v productive1 sweet1 l>ge & attractive4 ,"l ,belhav5 ,:ite ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ef4 #ahca4 ,m5tion$ b n describ$4 ,lo?aunn] ,erfurt]4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,lo?kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhh4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #eie-eig4 #ahai4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fe4 #aheh4 ,fruit l>ge1 ne>ly r\nd1 flatt5$ on "o side2 /em long2 sk9 r$di%-black2 fle% v t5d]1 r$1 s\r2 rip5s ! fir/ ( ,augu/4 ,l\ise4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ase ,bros4 ,cat4 #bj4 #aijg4 ,l\ise 0 f\nd ab\t #ahhg by ! late ,lewis ,*ase 9 ! vic9ity ( ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york4 ,tree h>dy1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 d>k r$1 s\r2 rip5s 9 ,june4 ,l\isiana ,iron ,clad4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,la4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #b3fhb4 #ahic4 #b4 ,ibid4 #aab3aa4 #aijh4 ,?is *]ry orig9at$ 9 ,l\isiana ab\t #aijj ) ,a4 ,k4 ,cl+man4 ,x is said to be ! only *]ry :i* w produce fruit 9 ,l\isiana2 ( ! ,morello type4 ,lw5] ,frhkirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ob]dieck ,ob/-,sort4 #cei4 #ahha4 ,frhe ,englis*e ,kirs*e aus ,lw54 #b4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #gi fig41 #hj4 #ahfg4 ,htive de ,l\va94 #c4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ag1 #bjj4 #ahgf4 ,l[5] ,frhwei*sel4 #d4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,?is v>iety probably orig9at$ 9 ,belgium ne>ly half a c5tury ago4 ,fruit v>iable 9 size1 (t5 l>ge1 sides & ends compress$ giv+ x a squ>e appe>ance2 suture %all[2 /em long1 /rongly ins]t$ 9 a wide1 regul>1 deep cavity2 sk9 r glossy1 d>k br[ni%-r$2 fle% d>k r$1 t5d]1 juicy1 acidulat$1 refre%+2 /one plump1 almo/ r\nd1 base abrupt1 ) a slight depression2 e>ly4 ,luci54 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bbh1 #bbi4 #ahai4 #b4 ,liegel ,sy/4 ,anleit4 #aeg4 #ahbe4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3gi1 #hj1 fig4 #ch4 #ahff-gc4 #d4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfg4 #ahhi4 #e4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3fa4 #aijj4 ,guigne ,luci54 #f4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aih4 #ahgf4 ,?is =eign v>iety is plant$ 9 ,canada b is n kn[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x 0 f\nd by ,uelln] 9 ,lneburg1 ,prussia1 ab\t #ahjf4 ,l]oy is ( ! op9ion t ?is is ! *]ry he calls ,guigne ,c>ne ,w9kl] :i* came out a few ye>s lat] z a se$l+ ( ,w9kl] f ,gub51 ,prussia4 ,ludwig ,big>reau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #hf4 #ahff4 ,guigne ,ludwig4 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aih4 #ahgf4 #c4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cbf fig4 #ahgg4 ,ludwig's ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e4 #d4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfg1 #cfh4 #ahhi4 ,ludwig is a se$l+ obta9$ by ,?omas ,riv]s ( ,sawbridgewor?1 ,engl&1 ab\t #ahfj4 ,fruit l>ge1 cordate1 t]m9at+ 9 a %>p po9t2 suture slightly indi/9ct2 /em v long1 sl5d]1 ins]t$ 9 a wide cavity2 sk9 glossy1 bright r$1 pal] on ! %ad$ side2 fle% pale yell[1 t5d]1 melt+2 pit small1 r\ndi%1 plump2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,lukew>d4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egb4 #afbi4 #b4 ,phillips ,comp4 ,g>d4 #gi4 #ahca4 #c4 ,floy-,l9dley ,guide ,or*4 ,g>d4 #ajf4 #ahdf4 ,lukew>d's ,he>t4 #d4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abe4 #ahcb4 ,a v>iety suppos$ to h come f ,italy :i* has long s9ce pass$ f cultivation4 ,fruit cordate1 d>k br[n or ne>ly black2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,augu/4 ,lundie ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,=sy? ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees #dc4 #ahjc4 #b4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aah4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bah4 #ahed4 ,lundie ,guigne is an old ,engli% *]ry fir/ spok5 ( by ,=sy? 9 #ahjc4 ,tree vigor\s1 l>ge2 fruit m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-elongat$1 d>k purpli%-black2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 subacid1 pleasant2 season ,july4 ,mc,adow4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an4 #hh fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cb4 #ahfi4 ,mc,adow is suppos$ to be a cross betwe5 ,black ,t>t>ian & ,elton1 gr[n f se$ by ,dr4 ,mc,adow1 ,*illico!1 ,ohio4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive1 be>s e>ly2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 compress$1 )\t a suture2 /em sl5d]1 deeply ins]t$2 sk9 light1 pale yell[1 ov]spread & mottl$ indi/9ctly ) light1 cle> r$2 fle% firm1 yell[i%1 t5d]1 juicy1 pleasant b n ri*2 quality good2 /one m$ium to l>ge1 oval4 ,mac,roach4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,gre5-,riv] ,nur4 ,cat4 #bc4 #ahii4 ,?is *]ry 0 f\nd ne> ,gu?rie1 ,k5tucky1 on ! f>m ( ,john ,mac,roach1 :]e x has fruit$ = _m ye>s & is consid]$ a v good *]ry ( ! ,may ,duke type4 ,madame ,c\rtois4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #cce4 #ahgj-ga4 ,f\nd by ,bonamy1 a nurs]yman1 9 #ahfj1 ^u a f>m belong+ to ! ,*teau ( ,lamo!1 ne> ,puylaur5s1 ,t>n1 ,france4 ,tree productive2 fruit l>ge2 sk9 cle> r$2 fle% t9t$ ) a rose color1 sweet1 v agreeable2 rip5s 9 ,june-,july4 ,madame ,grgoire4 ,p4 avium4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bf4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ah4 #ahie4 ,?is v>iety is said 9 ,guide ,pratique1 #ahie1 to be v simil> to ,re9e ,hort5se4 ,madele9e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bf1 #bja4 #ahgf4 ,c]ise ,commune 7de la ,madele9e74 #b4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3,no4 #ab1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 ,c]isi] de la ,madle9e4 #c4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejg4 #ahfj4 ,am>elle de la ,madle9e4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3bje4 #ahff4 ,madele9e is probably a late /ra9 ( ! old ,c]ise ,commune =m]ly ext5sively gr[n ab\t ,p>is4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$ at ! ends2 suture a l9e2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?2 sk9 cle> r$ *ang+ to br[ni%-r$2 fle% :iti%1 t5d]1 acid2 pit small2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,july2 productive4 ,madison4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baa1 #ahed4 ,madison ,big>reau4 #b4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bce4 #ahda4 #c4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cfg4 #ahdi4 ,madison's ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e4 #d4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfh4 #ahhi4 ,madison is a se$l+ ( ! ,:ite ,big>reau1 rais$ by ,rob]t ,mann+1 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts4 ,tree heal?y1 productive1 mod]ate 9 gr[?1 spread+2 fruit ( m$ium size1 regul>1 he>t-%ap$2 /em r %ort1 sl5d]2 sk9 heavily dott$ & mottl$ ) ri* r$ on amb]-yell[ gr\nd2 fle% yell[i%1 r t5d]1 juicy1 ) agreeable sprightl9ess2 pit small1 oval2 season ! la/ ( ,june4 ,magann4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,new ,hav5 ,nur4 ,cat4 #ab4 #ahii-aijj4 ,magann is a h>dy1 ,sweet ,*]ry orig9at+ 9 ,frankl9 ,c\nty1 ,miss\ri2 fruit l>ge1 ne>ly black1 borne 9 l>ge clu/]s4 ,magse4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bd4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cbg fig4 #ahgg4 ,magse 0 receiv$ by ,l]oy f ,flor5ce1 ,italy1 ab\t #ahfd4 ,fruit l>ge1 atta*$ 9 twos & ?rees1 obtuse-cordate2 /em /\t1 %ort1 ins]t$ 9 a wide1 deep cavity2 sk9 yell[1 wa%$ ) c>m9e2 fle% yell[i%1 mod]ately t5d]1 juicy1 sug>y1 acidulat$2 fir/ quality2 /one small1 r\nd1 plump2 rip5s ! fir/ ( ,june4 ,magnifique de ,daval4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aed4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfh4 #ahhi4 ,! fl[]s & foliage are describ$ by ,mas 9 8 ,pomologie ,gnrale4 ,magog4 ,species8 #a4 ,okla4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #b3ac4 #ahib4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,mammo?4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ohio ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aj3dd4 #ahfb4 ,kirtl&'s ,mammo?4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aih fig4 #ahed4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ca1 #cb1 fig4 #af4 #ahhb4 ,mammu?kirs*e4 #d4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ef4 #aijg4 ,mammo? 0 rais$1 probably ab\t #ahdb1 by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl& ( ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 f a pit ( a ,yell[ ,spani% tree gr[n ap>t f o!r *]ries4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 r\nd-topp$1 usually unproductive2 fruit ( ! l>ge/ size1 (t5 av]ag+ ?ree & "o-half in*es 9 circumf]5ce1 obtuse-cordate1 ) a l>ge1 prom95t suture2 /em ( m$ium ?ickness1 long2 sk9 mod]ately ?ick1 attractive cle> yell[1 blu%$ or mottl$ ) light r$2 fle% :iti%1 ) abundant1 uncolor$ juice1 f9e-gra9$1 ) di/9ct radiat+ l9es1 ne>ly t5d]1 sweet yet almo/ sprightly2 v good 9 quality2 /one r\ndi%-oval1 regul>2 season e>ly4 ,mammo? ,oxhe>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pione] ,nur4 ,cat4 #af4 #aije-jf4 ,li/$1 probably n propagat$ at pres5t4 ,mang]4 ,species8 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #baa4 #ahif4 ,m5tion$ )\t a description4 ,mann+ ,e>ly ,black4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhb4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bah4 #ahed4 ,?is v>iety 0 gr[n f a pit ( ,black ,he>t by ,rob]t ,mann+1 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts4 ,x diff]s f ! p>5t only 9 "t ( rip5+1 :i* is t5 days e>li]1 & 9 =m ( tree1 :i* is m spread+4 ,mann+ ,e>ly ,:ite ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bdc4 #ahda4 ,/ill ano!r se$l+ rais$ by ,rob]t ,mann+1 ?is "o com+ f a se$ ( ,:ite ,turkey ,big>reau4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 cordate1 pale r$1 amb] 9 ! sun1 sweet1 f9e2 rip5s 9 ,june4 ,mann+ ,late ,black4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhd4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bcd4 #ahdi4 ,mann+ ,black ,big>reau4 #c4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bce4 #ahda4 ,black ,big>reau4 #d4 ,bridgeman ,g>d4 ,ass't ,pt4 #c3ed4 #ahdg4 ,?is is ano!r ( ,rob]t ,mann+'s se$l+s ( ! ,black ,he>t4 ,tree vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 fruit m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-cordate2 sk9 deep purple1 ne>ly black2 /em long2 fle% purpli%-r$1 firm1 r juicy1 sprightly1 ) a pleasant1 lusci\s flavor2 rip5s ! second week 9 ,july4 ,mann+ ,mottl$4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agf4 #ahde4 #b4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cfa4 #ahdi4 ,mottl$ ,big>reau4 #c4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhc1 #ahdb4 ,rob]t ,mann+1 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts1 rais$ ?is *]ry f a se$ ( ,:ite ,big>reau4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit r l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 flatt5$ on "o side1 ) a di/9ct suture2 /em sl5d]1 ins]t$ 9 a %all[ cavity2 sk9 amb]1 %ad$ & mottl$ ) r$1 ) a semi-transp>5t1 glossy appe>ance2 fle% yell[ :5 fully ripe1 t5d]1 ) a sweet1 delici\s juice2 /one l>ge2 season at ! end ( ,june4 ,maple ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,brook%aw ,pom4 ,brit4 ,pl4 #h4 #ahag4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 ,?is a r firm-fle%$1 r$ ,he>t ( second size & ?ird quality1 rip5+ 9 ,july4 ,m>ells ,royal4 ,species8 #a4 ,ariz4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ae3fe4 #ahie4 ,m5tion$ z hav+ be5 plant$ 9 ,arizona4 ,m>ia ,gau*]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #eg4 #aijg4 ,li/$ z a v>iegat$1 h>d-fle%$ *]ry4 ,m>ie de ,*teauneuf4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ah4 #ahgf4 ,probably nam$ aft] ! wife ( ! ,m>quis de ,*teauneuf2 fruit v l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 purpli%-black2 fle% rose-color$1 mod]ately firm1 juicy1 sug>y1 agreeable2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,m>ie ,?rse4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ceh fig4 #ahgg4 ,?is v>iety orig9at$ ) ,m4 de ,luign ne> ,*teaugonti]1 ,may5ne1 ,france1 & 0 nam$ aft] 8 daught] ,m>ie ,?rse4 ,tree /rong1 vigor\s1 mod]ately productive2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$ at ! ends2 suture broad2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity small2 sk9 transp>5t1 firm1 r$1 dott$ ) :iti%-gray2 fle% yell[1 compact1 melt+1 juicy1 aromatic2 fir/ quality2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,m>kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3bi1 #cj4 #aiaj4 ,tree l>ge1 upright1 op5-topp$1 productive2 foliage frequ5tly attack$ by aphis2 fruit l>ge1 d>k r$1 cordate1 ) a %ort /em2 sk9 ?ick1 t5d]1 :ile ! fle% is meaty & deeply /a9$2 /one r\nd1 smoo?2 rip5s ! ?ird week 9 ,july1 (t5 hang+ on ! trees until ! middle ( ,augu/4 ,m>sotte4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ab4 #ahie4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit m$ium 9 size2 /em ( m$ium l5g?2 sk9 black2 fle% juicy1 sug>y2 us$ 9 mak+ ,kirs*wass]4 ,m>y4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baa4 #ahed4 ,m>y 0 rais$ by ,b4 ,b4 ,kirtl&1 ,gre5bu%1 ,new ,york4 ,fruit borne 9 clu/]s1 hav+ a bright1 lively r$ color & a sprightly subacid flavor4 ,ma/] ,:ite ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ef4 #ahca4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,ma/odon4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ahe4 #ahid4 ,black ,ma/odon4 #b4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bhi4 #ahhi4 ,ma/odon is a se$l+ ( ,pontiac & orig9at$ ) ,w4 ,h4 ,*apman1 ,napa1 ,cali=nia2 introduc$ by ,leon>d ,coates1 !n ( ! same place4 ,fruit v l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 base v broad2 cavity l>ge1 deep2 /em /\t1 long2 sk9 entirely mottl$ ) p9ki% or heavy r$2 fle% firm1 yell[i%1 t+$ ) r$1 meaty1 mod]ately juicy1 ) a ri*1 lively sweet flavor4 ,matilda4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #bfb4 #ahib4 ,matilda orig9at$ ) ,c4 ,e4 ,hosk9s1 =m]ly ( ,newburg1 ,oregon4 ,fruit m$ium to l>ge1 broad-cordate1 surface smoo?2 sk9 glossy1 d>k r$1 ne>ly black2 dots v f9e2 fle% d>k r$1 firm1 sprightly1 sweet2 v good2 rip5s 9 ,oregon ab\t ! middle ( ,june4 ,matts4 ,p4 avium4 ,j4 ,g4 ,y\ngk51 ,ri*l&t[n1 ,p5nsylvania1 writes t ?is *]ry is a se$l+ ( ,black ,t>t>ian4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge4 ,mayo4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,samuels ,co4 ,cat4 #bb4 #ahib4 ,! orig9al tree ( ,mayo is on ! f>m ( a ,mr4 ,mayo ne> ,jackson1 ,t5nessee4 ,tree vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 amb] %ad$ ) r$1 t5d]2 resembles ,wood4 ,maz>9e4 ,species8 #a4 ,?a*] ,am4 ,or*4 #baf4 #ahbb4 ,li/$ z "o ( ! tw5ty pr9cipal v>ieties 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,m$nyansky4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #agg3ca4 #ahii4 ,moduyansky4 #b4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ahe4 #ahid4 ,?is ,hung>ian v>iety 0 introduc$ to ?is c\ntry 9 #ahid4 ,9 ! second ref]5ce ! "n is spell$ ,moduyansky b 9 ! fir/ x is giv5 ,m$nyansky :i* =m is deem$ be/ to foll[ "h4 ,tree upright1 spread+1 r vigor\s2 fruit cordate2 suture v>iable1 indi/9ct on "s specim5s b a noticeable ridge f ! cavity to ! apex on o!rs2 /em /\t1 long1 ins]t$ 9 a n>r[1 deep1 irregul> cavity2 sk9 v d>k purple turn+ black2 fle% firm1 ri*1 sweet1 sprightly2 quality v good4 ,me9+] ,spte ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #acg fig41 #ach4 #ahfj2 #b4 ,ob]dieck ,ob/-,sort4 #cgj4 #ahha4 ,big>reau-t>dif de ,me9+54 #c4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ba1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive1 bloom+ late2 fruit ( m$ium size1 cordate1 sides compress$2 suture %all[2 /em sl5d]1 v>iable 9 l5g?1 set 9 a n>r[1 %all[ cavity2 color pale gold5-yell[1 spott$ ) pale r$1 :i* (t5 conceals ! gr\nd color2 fle% firm1 :iti%-yell[1 r$di%-yell[ "u ! sk91 juicy2 /one l>ge1 oval1 usually some:at adh]5t2 rip5s 9 ,augu/ la/+ until ,septemb]4 ,meiss5] ,weisse4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,m]ise ,grosse ,rose ,oblongue4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 ,probably a small1 wild v>iety4 ,m]ise ,petite ,ronda4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,m]isi] ,fa/igi4 ,species8 #a4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3,no4 #c1 ,p#a4 #ahdf4 ,poiteau 0 unc]ta9 z to ! "n ( ?is v>iety :i* he notic$ 9 ! g>d5s ( ,m4 ,cels4 ,tree v pyramidal2 fruit yell[i%-amb]4 ,mi*igan4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ag4 #ahhe4 ,mi*igan is a suppos$ cross betwe5 ,black ,t>t>ian & ,yell[ ,spani% fruit+ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahgg4 ,x 0 gr[n by ,/eph5 ,cook1 ,b5ton ,h>bor1 ,mi*igan4 ,fruit l>ge1 cordate1 slightly compress$2 /em long2 suture lack+2 sk9 deep r$1 ne>ly black2 fle% firm1 juicy1 sweet2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,said to be ne>ly rot pro(4 ,mill]4 ,species8 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,li/$ b n describ$4 ,millet4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,brook%aw ,pom4 ,brit4 ,,pl4 #g4 #ahag4 #b4 ,brook%aw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #a3de1 ,p#a4 #bc fig4 #b4 #ahbc4 ,describ$ z "o ( ! be/ black1 he>t-%ap$ late ,dukes1 rip5+ ! la/ ( ,june & cont9u+ until ,septemb]2 fle% mod]ately firm2 /one small2 excell5t4 ,m9nesota4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bhj4 #aijc4 #b4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #bje3bg4 #aijc4 ,spr\ts ( ?is v>iety 7 br\ght f ,sw$5 to ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 ,ames1 ,i[a4 ,fruit m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 slightly compress$2 /em long2 sk9 d>k r$2 fle% d>k1 t5d]1 juicy1 subacid2 v good4 ,m9nesota ,o/heim4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abj4 #aijj4 ,o/heim4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cga4 #ahha4 ,?is v>iety 0 introduc$ into ,m9nesota f ,nor? ,g]many by ,e4 ,mey]1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,m9nesota4 ,x is well adapt$ to cold regions :]e ! ,montmor5cy gr\p does n fl\ri%4 ,tree upright1 d5se2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-oblate1 d>k r$2 fle% d>k1 t5d]1 sweet subacid2 good 9 quality2 /one r\ndi%1 slightly flatt5$2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,m9nie4 ,p4 pumila4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #cec4 #ahif4 ,m9nie is a vigor\s se$l+ ( ,prunus pumila gr[n 9 ,manitoba1 ,canada2 fruit l>ge & good4 ,monkirs*e ,rote4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas4 ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,mon/r\s ,duke4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cfj fig41 #cfa4 #ahgg4 ,mon/r\s ,duke is m5tion$ by ,,mm4 ,simon-,l\is 9 #ahff z a new sort ( ! ,anglaise htive4 ,x is probably ( ,engli% orig91 b ! "n is mislead+ z ! fruit is only mod]ately l>ge2 atta*$ 9 pairs1 globul>2 /em /\t1 %ort1 %all[ly ins]t$2 sk9 transp>5t1 yell[i%1 p>tly cov]$ ) r$2 fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 slightly fibr\s1 v juicy1 sug>y1 sprightly2 pit small1 r\ndi%1 plump1 adh]+ to ! /em2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,mon/rueuse ,h5nequ9e4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 ,li/$ )\t description4 ,montmor5cy ,pleureur4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag1 #aif4 #ahie4 ,describ$ z a h&some tree ) droop+ bran*es4 ,its fruit is some:at simil> to t ( ! ,montmor5cy4 ,montmor5cy de ,sauvigny4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #abj fig41 #aba4 #aijd4 ,c]ise de ,sauvigny4 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 ,belle de ,sauvigny4 #c4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccd4 #ahhi4 ,s*ne aus ,sauvigny4 #d4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,?is *]ry is a popul> fruit ab\t ,p>is :]e x is us$ = confitures & br&y4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 atta*$ 9 twos or ?rees2 /em %ort2 cavity l>ge1 %all[2 color d>k r$2 fle% yell[1 transp>5t1 slightly fibr\s1 acidulat$2 /one small1 r\nd2 rip5s ! second half ( ,july4 ,montmor5cy ,/>k4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,/>k ,bros4 ,cat4 #d3df4 #aiac4 ,montmor5cy ,/>k is describ$ z hav+ be5 produc$ on ! ,/>k ,bro!rs ,nurs]y gr\nds1 ,l\isiana1 ,miss\ri1 f a select tree :i* bore l>ge fruit4 ,montreuil4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #hj3bc4 #ahib4 #b4 ,ibid4 #aid3da4 #aija4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,belle de ,montreuil4 #d4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dea4 #ahge4 ,s*ne von ,montreuil4 #e4 ,reut4 ,pom4 ,in/4 ,fe/s*rift #abc4 #aiaj4 ,?is v>iety 0 m5tion$ by ,european writ]s z e>ly z #ahge b 0 n kn[n 9 ,am]ica until rec5tly4 ,x is a valuable *]ry & 0 plac$ on ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #aiji4 ,tree upright1 spread+1 vigor\s1 m productive ?an ,re9e ,hort5se2 fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-cordate2 /em long1 /\t2 sk9 mottl$ r$ approa*+ black2 fle% t5d]1 light r$1 ) abundant1 color$ juice1 subacid1 pleas+2 quality good2 season ,july2 valuable = dess]t & cul9>y purposes4 ,moorh\se4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,leon>d ,coates ,cat4 #aj4 #aiaa4 ,moorh\se is no long] propagat$1 be+ inf]ior to its p>5t1 ,napoleon4 ,morella ,extra ,noir4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,morella ,wye4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3fa4 #aijj4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,morelle von ,wilhelm%he4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #af4 #ahie4 ,a v good table *]ry rip5+ ! sev5? week ( ! season4 ,morell] ,lang/ilk$e ,sode4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,morisco4 ,species8 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #hf4 #agbi4 ,m5tion$ )\t description4 ,morocco4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egb4 #afbi4 ,! ,morocco ,*]rie ha? a l>ge :ite blossome1 & an indiff]5t big b]rie1 long & r\nd1 ) a long /alke ( a d>ke r$di% purple col\r1 a little t5d+ to a blew :5 x is full ripe1 ( a firme sub/ance2 ! juice is ( a blacki% r$1 discol\r+ ! h&s or lips1 & ( a pleasant ta/e3 "s doe ?9ke t ?is & ! ,morello be bo? "o4 ,mort5 ,se$l+4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ b n describ$4 ,mosl] ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bc4 #aheh4 ,fruit m$ium 9 size1 obtuse-cordate1 sides compress$2 /em long1 sl5d]2 sk9 black1 t\gh2 fle% d>k1 t5d]1 v sweet2 pit oblong-cordate2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july2 productive4 ,moy] ,honey ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,horticulturi/ ,n4 ,s4 #h3bb4 #aheh4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfi1 #dgj4 #ahfi4 ,?is v>iety 0 gr[n by ,josiah ,g4 ,y\ngk51 ,all5t[n1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,tree heal?y1 vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly compress$2 suture small2 /em long1 sl5d]2 sk9 :iti%1 %ad$ & mottl$ ) ri* r$2 fle% yell[1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasant2 (t5 p>tially cl++2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,mckelb]g] ,grosse4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bd4 #ahgf4 ,a ,sweet ,*]ry orig9at+ 9 ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many4 ,murdock4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bhi4 #aijc4 ,murdock's ,big>reau4 #b4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 #bh3bdj1 #bda4 #ahhf4 #c4 ,reid ,cat4 #ce4 #ahib4 ,murdock is ?\ght to h orig9at$ 9 #ahhg ) ,john ,r4 & ,a4 ,murdock1 !n ( ,pittsburg1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright-spread+2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate2 cavity deep1 wide1 r abrupt2 /em long1 sl5d]2 sk9 ?91 mod]ately t\gh1 amb] ov]laid & mottl$ ) light r$2 fle% :iti%1 firm1 crisp1 some:at sprightly1 juicy1 sweet2 quality v good2 /one cl++1 l>ge1 ovate1 flatt5$1 smoo?2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july1 hang+ long on ! trees2 n susceptible to rot4 ,nancy4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dgj4 #ahfi4 ,nancy orig9at$ ) ,*>les ,pease1 ,sr41 ,clevel&1 ,ohio4 ,tree upright-spread+2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate2 /em long1 /\t1 ins]t$ 9 a l>ge cavity2 suture slight2 sk9 pale yell[1 %ad$ & mottl$ ) crimson2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 ri*1 sweet2 v good2 /one small2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,naples4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egb4 #afbi4 ,neapolitanis*e ,knorpelkirs*e4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ce4 #aheh4 #c4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ci fig41 #dj4 #ahfg4 ,big>reau de ,naples4 #d4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #ahi4 #ahgf4 ,?is is an ,italian *]ry introduc$ into ,g]many1 ,france & ,engl& f ,flor5ce1 ,italy4 ,x is v productive & is di/+ui%$ by its color & its lat5ess4 ,tree vigor\s1 be>s e>ly2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 sides only fa9tly compress$2 suture indi/9ct2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 set 9 a wide1 deep cavity2 sk9 t\gh1 firm1 glossy1 becom+ d>k br[n or black2 fle% firm1 juicy1 sweet1 v9\s2 /one oval1 plump2 rip5s ! six? week ( ! season4 ,ne ,plus ,ultra4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 #bb3bjh4 #ahhj4 ,ne ,plus ,ultra 0 rais$ by ,john ,mosely ( ,goodri*1 ,ont>io4 ,x resembles ,napoleon b is inf]ior4 ,neapolitanis*e ,molk5kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3cc4 #aheh4 ,big>reauti] de ,naples4 #b4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3ejd4 #ahfj4 ,napolita9e4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,?is is a l>ge1 lemon-color$1 r firm-fle%$ v>iety t %\ld n be confus$ ) ,naples4 ,tree small1 vigor\s2 fle% sweet1 pleas+2 rip5s late 9 ,july4 ,nebraska ,sweet4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,gage ,c\nty ,nur4 ,cat4 #h4 #aijf4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce z a d>k1 ,sweet ,*]ry do+ rem>kably well 9 ,nebraska4 ,nelson ,k5ti%4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bc4 #ahib-ic4 ,said to be m vigor\s 9 gr[? & m h>dy 9 bud ?an ,e>ly ,ri*mond4 ,neue ,englis*e ,wei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #edb1 #edc4 #ahai4 #b4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #hc fig41 #hd4 #ahfg4 ,neue ,englis*e ,kirs*e4 #c4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhf4 #ahjb4 ,accord+ to ,tru*sess1 ,may] grew ?is *]ry ab\t #agge4 ,tree ( m$ium height1 mod]ately productive2 fruit (t5 l>ge1 r\ndi%1 m or less compress$2 suture fa9t2 /em /raight1 m$ium 9 l5g?2 cavity wide1 deep2 sk9 glossy1 t5d]1 black2 fle% t5d]1 d>k r$1 juicy1 pleas+ subacid2 pit plump1 small1 oval2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,neue ,o*s5h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #gc fig41 #gd4 #ahfj4 ,h]rnhus] neue ,o*s5h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bb4 #aheh4 ,n\velle ,guigne des ,boeufs4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cja4 #ahff4 ,fruit v l>ge1 acute-cordate1 irregul> ne> ! apex2 /em long1 sl5d]2 sk9 glossy1 br[ni%-black2 fle% d>k r$1 t5d]1 sweet1 v9\s2 /one cordate-oblong2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july2 n v productive4 ,neumann ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgj4 #ahhi4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,new ,c5tury4 ,p4 c]asus 7,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus74 #a4 ,texas ,nur4 ,cat4 #aj4 #aijg4 ,new ,c5tury is ?\ght to be a cross orig9at+ 9 ,grayson ,c\nty1 ,texas1 betwe5 ,engli% ,morello & "s ,duke2 x 0 introduc$ by ! ,texas ,nurs]y ,company4 ,tree ( ! ,duke type1 upright2 fruit m$ium to above 9 size2 light r$2 good4 ,! trees are free f mildew 9 ,texas b d n hold _! fruit well4 ,new ,royal4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,ni5burg] ,frhe ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bg4 #aheh4 ,fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 sides compress$2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 /\t1 /raight2 sk9 yell[i%1 spott$ & /reak$2 fle% aromatically sweet2 pit oval2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,noble4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,am4 ,g>d4 #bj3egf4 #ahii4 #b4 ,buny>d-,?omas ,fr4 ,g>d4 #dd4 #aijd4 ,?is v>iety is said to resemble ,may ,duke4 ,fruit l>ge2 color deep crimson to d>k]2 fle% firm1 color$1 ri*2 late2 productive4 ,noire des ,vosges4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3aje1 #ajf1 fig4 #ea4 #ahff-gc4 ,griotte ,noire des ,vosges4 #b4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #ih fig41 #ii4 #aijd4 ,?is old v>iety is probably a native ( ea/]n ,france4 ,! fruit is us$ = confections & liquors4 ,fruit atta*$ 9 pairs1 m$ium 9 size1 obtuse-cordate2 suture indi/9ct2 /em long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a %all[ cavity2 color almo/ black at maturity2 fle% d>k1 t5d]1 v9\s1 acidulat$2 /one small1 oval1 obtuse at ! apex2 rip5s late 9 ,july4 ,nonp>eil4 ,species8 #a4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #ahg4 #aijh4 ,nonp>eil is a black *]ry :i* orig9at$ at ,vacaville1 ,cali=nia4 ,norfolk4 ,species8 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hg4 #ahgb4 ,m5tion$ z a se$l+ *]ry gr[n by ,j4 ,h4 ,f5no2 n describ$4 ,norma4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,fruit ,gr[] #ai3cfh4 #aijh4 ,norma is a black *]ry gr[n by ,r4 ,h4 ,web]1 ,! ,dalles1 ,oregon2 x is e>li] ?an ,napoleon4 ,nor!a/4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,sp4 ,bul4 #bg3aa4 #aijd4 ,nor!a/ is a r dw>f *]ry ( ! ,morello type2 v productive4 ,said to be valuable z a late m>ket v>iety b ! trees are lack+ 9 vigor & subject to leaf blight4 ,nor?we/4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afe4 #ahha4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #be4 #ahii4 #c4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3gf fig4 #af1 #hh4 #aijc4 ,?is is "o ( ! v>ieties orig9at$ by ,d4 ,b4 ,wi]1 ,lacon1 ,ill9ois1 & fir/ di/ribut$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd z ,wi]'s ,no4 #bi2 ! fruit resembles ,baldw94 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society plac$ ,nor?we/ on its fruit catalog 9 #ahii b dropp$ x 9 #aiji4 ,tree m$ium 9 size1 resembl+ ,engli% ,morello closely bo? 9 size & habit1 v productive2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi%1 obscurely he>t-%ap$2 /em long1 adh]+ q firmly to ! fruit2 sk9 t\gh1 m$ium 9 ?ickness1 d>k attractive r$1 becom+ ne>ly black2 fle% deeply color$1 firm1 brisk b pleasant acid1 m+l$ ) a slight a/r+5cy2 good 9 quality2 /one small1 r\ndi%2 season e>ly4 ,occid5t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #dj4 #ahie4 ,occid5t is a se$l+ ( ,napoleon :i* orig9at$ ) ,c4 ,e4 ,hosk9s1 ,spr+brook1 ,oregon4 ,fruit he>t-%ap$1 above m$ium 9 size1 smoo?2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity l>ge1 regul>1 deep1 fl>+1 %ad$ ) p9k2 suture %all[2 sk9 v d>k purpli%-r$1 ?ick1 t5aci\s2 dots num]\s1 small1 russet1 ind5t$2 fle% d>k r$di%1 transluc5t1 ) :ite ve9+1 firm1 meaty1 juicy1 mild subacid1 ri*2 good to v good2 season late 9 ,june2 a good %ipp]4 ,ohio ,beauty4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,horticulturi/ #b3abc fig4 #ai4 #ahdg-dh4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bab4 #ahed4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ic fig4 #ah1 #id1 #ie4 #ahff4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ab4 #ahga4 ,big>reau ,baut de l',ohio4 #e4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3agg1 #agh fig4 #ahgg4 ,ohio ,beauty probably orig9at$ 9 #ahdb ) ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio2 fir/ dissem9at$ 9 #ahdg4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society li/$ x on its fruit catalog 9 #ahga b dropp$ x 9 #ahie4 ,tree l>ge1 vigor\s1 h>dy1 v productive2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 cordate1 compress$2 cavity ( m$ium dep?1 wide2 /em sl5d]1 long2 sk9 ?91 ( m$ium t\ghness1 light yell[ ov]spread ) crimson2 dots num]\s1 light russet1 conspicu\s2 fle% :iti%1 ) colorless juice1 t5d]1 meaty1 mild1 sweet2 good 9 quality2 /one cl++1 irregul>-ovate2 season e>ly4 ,okiya4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 am]icana4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ajh3aijh4 #b4 ,ibid4 #acj3agf1 ,pl4 #f4 #aiaa4 ,okiya is a cross betwe5 ! ,s& ,*]ry & ,gold plum4 ,fruit r\ndi%1 d>k r$2 fle% gre52 excell5t quality4 ,oliv]4 ,species8 #a4 ,ariz4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ae3fe4 #ahie4 #b4 ,neb4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ah4 #aijj4 ,oliv] is said to be a valuable *]ry = home use 9 ,nebraska2 sl[ 9 com+ into be>+4 ,opata4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 am]icana4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ajh3aijh4 #b4 ,ibid4 #acj3agc1 #agd ,pl4 #d1 #age1 #agf4 #aiaa4 ,opata1 a cross betwe5 ! ,s& ,*]ry & ,gold plum :i* 0 s5t out 9 #aijh4 ,x is a plum 9 habit ( gr[?1 vigor\s2 foliage l>ge1 glossy2 fruit "o & ?ree-sixte5?s in*es 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 d>k purpli%-r$ ) blue bloom2 fle% gre51 firm2 flavor v pleasant comb9+ ! sprightly acid ( ! ,s& ,*]ry ) ! ri* sweetness ( ! ,gold plum2 pit v small2 season e>ly1 ! middle ( ,augu/4 ,oregon4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,wickson ,cat4 ,fruits #bij4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aej4 #ahie4 ,oregon is a se$l+ ( ,napoleon orig9at$ by ,h4 ,w4 ,prettyman1 ,ea/ ,portl&1 ,oregon1 & nam$ by ! ,oregon ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahhh4 ,w4 ,s4 ,fail+ ( ,portl& introduc$ x ! same ye>4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright2 fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 irregul>ly flatt5$ along ! suture2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?1 /\t1 set 9 a deep1 irregul> cavity2 sk9 black2 fle% firm1 v d>k1 juicy1 sweet2 lat] ?an ,napoleon4 ,orel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbg4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,ma9e ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ade4 #ahhi4 ,?is "n is giv5 to a dw>f *]ry simil> to ,vladimir f ,orel1 ,russia4 ,x has small leaves & a close habit ( gr[?2 comes into be>+ :5 f ?ree to f\r feet 9 height2 fruit l>g] ?an ,montmor5cy1 ne>ly black :5 ripe1 mildly subacid4 ,orel ,no4 #bd4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbh4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3gg1 #gh4 #aijc4 ,?is v>iety 0 import$ by ,budd b ! "n 0 lo/4 ,"s believe x to be ,lutovka b z gr[n at ! ,i[a ,/ation x is m l ,e>ly ,morello 9 =m & size ( tree & fruit4 ,tree small] & m op5 ?an ,lutovka2 fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-oblate2 cavity deep2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?1 /\t2 suture a fa9t l9e2 sk9 ?91 transluc5t1 cornelian-r$2 fle% firm1 color$1 juicy1 pleas+ly acid2 good2 pit r\nd1 angul>2 season ! latt] "p ( ,june4 ,orel ,sweet4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ai3edi4 #ahib4 #b4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3ba4 #aiaj4 ,orel ,no4 #bf4 #c4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbh4 #ahhh4 ,orel ,sweet is kn[n 9 ,europe z ,lianzkaja ,black2 x 0 introduc$ into ,am]ica by ,budd z ,orel #bf2 "o ( ! h>die/ ( ,sweet ,*]ries4 ,tree l>ge1 ) a spread+ top2 fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-oblate2 /em long1 sl5d]2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 d>k r$2 fle% s(t1 subacid2 pit small1 r\nd1 /a9$2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,july 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,orleans4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,br[n ,bros4 ,cat4 #ai4 #aijf4 ,orleans orig9at$ 9 ,orleans ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,probably n propagat$ at pres5t1 al?\gh kn[n to _m z an improv$ ,montmor5cy4 ,orla ,smi?4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ b n describ$4 ,osceola4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjj fig4 #ahed4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl& ( ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 orig9at$ ! ,osceola 9 #ahdb1 f a pit ( ! ,yell[ ,spani%4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! fruit li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahfb b 0 tak5 f ! li/ 9 #ahia4 ,tree r\nd1 spread+1 h>dy1 heal?y1 productive2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 cordate2 /em mod]ately /\t ins]t$ 9 a deep cavity2 suture deep1 broad2 color d>k purpli%-r$1 incl9+ to black2 fle% d>k r$1 juicy1 ri*1 sweet2 pit m$ium or small1 ovate1 r\nd$2 season ! la/ ( ,june & e>ly ,july4 ,o/heim 7( ,morris74 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #ge4 #ahij4 ,?is is a small1 d>k color$ *]ry diff]+ f ! ,m9nesota ,o/heim 9 be+ lat] & slightly inf]ior 9 quality4 ,fruit r\nd1 compress$2 quality fair1 lack+ 9 juic9ess2 pit l>ge2 rip5s ab\t ,augu/ #f? 9 ,ottawa1 ,canada4 ,o!llo4 ,p4 pumila4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #cec4 #ahif4 ,"o ( ! ,canada ,exp]im5t ,f>m's se$l+s ( ,prunus pumila1 ! ,s& ,*]ry2 fruit l>ge1 v black1 fair4 ,owanka4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 am]icana4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ajh3aijh4 #b4 ,ibid4 #acj3agf4 #aiaa4 ,owanka1 a cross betwe5 ! ,s& ,*]ry & ,gold plum1 0 disc>d$ soon aft] x 0 s5t out because ( its bitt] sk92 tree h>dy1 productive2 fruit "o & ?ree-eigh?s in*es 9 diamet]2 apex t]m9at$ by a m9ute prickle2 sk9 d>k r$1 ) blue bloom2 fle% yell[4 ,ox ,he>t 7( ,am]ica74 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahii4 ,major ,francis4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #abg4 #ahge4 #c4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3bi4 #aiaj4 ,coeur de ,boeuf n\veau8 #d4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,?is *]ry orig9at$ ) ,g4 ,w4 ,wall+1 ,oswego1 ,oregon1 ab\t #ahfe1 & 0 r5am$ 9 honor ( ,major ,francis ( ,portl&4 ,z yet x is kn[n only 9 ! ,nor?we/4 ,! fruit is ( good quality1 attractive color1 rip5+ ) ,black ,t>t>ian1 b is readily s\ght by ! birds4 ,tree v l>ge1 vigor\s1 upright1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 d>k r$2 fle% deeply /a9$ ) r$1 juicy1 sweet2 quality good2 too t5d] = long %ipm5t2 season e>ly4 ,p&ys ,glaskirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,li/$ b n describ$4 ,p>amdam4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cjh4 #ahhd4 ,?is v>iety 0 f\nd ne>ly a c5tury & a half ago 9 ,p>amdam1 ,engl&4 ,tree small2 fruit small1 r\nd2 sk9 pale r$2 /em an in* long2 fle% pale1 t5d]1 lively acid1 agreeable2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,july4 ,p>5t4 ,species8 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #cjb4 #ahij4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,p>etz] ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,p>is] ,griotte4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dcj4 #ahai4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 #c4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cga4 #ahhi4 ,?is *]ry is ?\ght by "s to be ,duhamel's ,griotte b x diff]s 9 its m t5d] fle%1 sweet] ta/e1 & small] /one4 ,p>isian ,gu9d\x4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adj4 #ahcb4 ,tree mod]ately l>ge2 fruit l>ge1 pale r$2 fle% sweet2 excell5t2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,paul4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #ahe4 #aijh4 ,paul 0 f\nd by ,e4 ,v4 ,d4 ,paul ( ,ukiah1 ,oregon2 x 0 propagat$ & introduc$ by ! ,leon>d ,coates ,nurs]y ,company1 ,morganhill1 ,cali=nia1 9 #aijh4 ,fruit l>ge1 black1 mottl$ ) d>k r$2 late2 a good %ipp]4 ,paul9e de ,vigny4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas4 ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,pea*-,blossom$4 ,species8 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aea4 #ahcb4 ,an ornam5tal *]ry ) rose-color$ fl[]s4 ,pease4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an4 #hf1 #hg4 #ahfi4 ,pease is a black1 sweet se$l+ f ,*>les ,pease1 ,sr41 ,clevel&1 ,ohio4 ,tree upright2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate2 fle% purpli%1 juicy1 ri*2 foll[s ,black ,t>t>ian 9 rip5+4 ,p]lkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffg4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bcg-bdb4 #ahai4 #c4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #aaa fig41 #aab4 #ahfj4 #d4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3be1 #bf1 fig4 #ac4 #ahhb4 #e4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cga4 #ahhi4 ,?is v>iety is (t5 tak5 = ! ,yell[ ,spani% b is di/9ct4 ,tree /rong1 vigor\s1 productive2 fruit usually l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 sides compress$2 suture di/9ct2 /em %ort1 %all[ly b firmly ins]t$2 sk9 t\gh1 glossy1 resembl+ ,yell[ ,spani%2 fle% mod]ately t5d]1 juicy1 pleas+1 sweet2 /one r l>ge1 elongat$-cordate1 ne>ly free2 rip5s ab\t ! middle ( ,july4 ,p]lknorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cje-cjh4 #ahai4 #b4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #abi fig41 #acj4 #ahfj4 ,espagne big>re4 #c4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce1 #ch4 #agga4 ,p]lm>morkirs*e4 #d4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3dc4 #aheh4 ,?is ,big>reau1 ?\gh call$ a ,he>t by "s1 %\ld n be confus$ ) ,p]lkirs*e4 ,fruit m$ium to above1 r\ndi%-cordate2 suture indi/9ct2 /em m$ium %ort1 %all[ly ins]t$2 sk9 t\gh1 glossy1 resembl+ ,yell[ ,spani%2 fle% firm1 fibr\s1 juicy1 pleas+1 sweet2 /one m$ium 9 size1 plump1 oval2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,july to fir/ "p ( ,augu/4 ,petite ,morelle4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ahb fig41 #ahc1 #ahd1 #baf4 #ahff4 ,?is is a small1 acid *]ry us$ 9 nor!rn ,g]many = w9e-mak+ & 9 ! kit*54 ,tree vigor\s1 small1 bu%y2 fruit small1 r\nd2 suture indi/9ct2 /em %ort1 set 9 a /raight1 %all[ cavity2 color d>k r$ *ang+ to black2 fle% r$1 t5d]1 always acid2 pit small1 r$di%1 oval1 plump2 rip5s ! f\r? week ( ! season4 ,pfitzmann ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgb4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,pi]ce ,late4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3hi1 #acd4 #ahed4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #de4 #ahed4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bfe4 #aheg4 ,?is v>iety orig9at$ ) ,amos ,pi]ce b 0 introduc$ by ,james ,hyde & ,son1 ,newton1 ,massa*usetts4 ,tree upright1 free1 r\nd-topp$2 fruit ( m$ium size1 obtuse-cordate1 d>k r$1 mottl$ ) light amb]2 /em sl5d]1 r %ort2 fle% s(t1 t5d]1 v juicy1 sweet1 ri*2 /one small2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,july4 ,p9k ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bai4 #ahed4 ,p9k ,he>t is a small1 p9ki%-r$1 oval ,mazz>d2 /em %ort2 rip5s 9 ,july4 ,plan*\ry4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 #g3bdh4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3fa1 #fb1 fig4 #bi4 #ahff-gc4 #c4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cgd1 #cge fig4 #ahgg4 ,c]ise de ,plan*\ri4 #d4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #f3ga1 ,pl4 #aheh4 ,kirs* von ,plan*\ry4 #e4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgb4 #ahhi4 ,a ,dr4 ,bretonneau grew ?is v>iety on 8 gr\nds ne> ! ,riv] ,loire1 ,france4 ,fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 flatt5$ at ! base1 slightly compress$ on ! sides1 completely transv]s$ by a suture2 /em long1 set 9 a l>ge1 deep cavity2 sk9 glossy1 cle> r$ *ang+ to d>k] r$1 uni=m2 fle% t+$ ) r$1 semi-t5d]1 sug>y1 juicy1 agreeably acidulat$2 fir/ quality2 /one l>ge1 oval1 free2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,plattg$rckte ,s*att5morelle4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bf4 #ahgf4 ,diff]s f ! ,engli% ,morello 9 be+ m compress$ 9 =m4 ,plum/one4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,plum/one ,morello4 #b4 ,pr9ce ,treat4 ,hort4 #bi4 #ahbh4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aih fig4 #ahde4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #e4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abj4 #aijj4 ,! orig9 ( ?is v>iety is unkn[n b x 0 f\nd 9 ,virg9ia e>ly 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury by ,william ,pr9ce :o br\ght x to ,flu%+1 ,new ,york4 ,its "n seems to h aris5 f ! =m ( ! /one4 ,accord+ to ,pr9ce1 ?is v>iety surpasses all ( ! ,european ,morellos = cul9>y purposes4 ,tree vigor\s1 m$ium 9 size1 productive2 fruit v l>ge1 r\ndi% or incl9$ to obtuse-cordate2 /em long1 r sl5d]1 /raight2 sk9 d>k r$ becom+ ne>ly black2 fle% r$di%1 t5d]1 juicy1 highly flavor$1 sprightly1 ) pleasant acidity :5 fully mature2 /one long1 resembl+ a plum2 season late ,july4 ,plym\? ,rock4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lovett ,cat4 #be fig4 #ahie4 #b4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #afi3bjj4 #ahii4 ,plym\?4 #c4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #ajb4 #aiad4 ,plym\? ,rock is g5]ally believ$ to h orig9at$ ) ,j4 ,h4 ,black1 ,hight/[n1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 r\nd-topp$2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 he>t-%ap$1 r\ndi%2 sk9 t5d]1 r$di%-amb]1 ) a bright r$ blu%2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity n>r[1 %all[2 fle% r t5d]1 light color$1 juicy2 pit r\nd1 plump1 small2 season e>ly ,july4 ,podiebrad4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 ,podiebrad ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bi4 #aheh4 #c4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ba fig41 #bb4 #ahfg4 ,probably a se$l+ f ,podiebrad1 ,hung>y4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive1 be>s e>ly2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 obtuse-cordate2 suture indi/9ct2 /em long2 cavity wide1 mod]ately deep2 sk9 t5d]1 transluc5t1 sulphur-yell[1 ne>ly entirely wa%$ & spott$ ) r$2 fle% t5d]1 pale yell[1 juicy1 sweet1 )\t s\rness2 /one m$ium egg-%ap$2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,po9t$ ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aai4 #ahcb4 ,?is *]ry is s nam$ because "p ( ! /yle becomes h>d & ligne\s =m+ a %>p po9t at ! apex ( ! fruit4 ,fruit cordate2 color r$ on a yell[ gr\nd2 fle% firm1 crisp1 ri*1 t+$ ) a slight bitt]ness2 e>ly4 ,pol/$4 ,species8 #a4 ,j\r4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #bd3dab4 #ahgc4 ,pol/$ receiv$ its "n f a p>i% 9 ,suffolk1 ,engl&1 :]e x 0 ext5sively gr[n4 ,polton ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,pom]anz54 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dgi-dhb4 #ahai4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ec1 #ed4 #aheh4 ,c]ise ,orange4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cjf4 #ahff4 ,! "n 0 giv5 ?is *]ry because ( ! appe>ance ( ! tree :i* resembles t ( ! orange4 ,tree r\nd ) a globul> head2 fruit l>ge1 broadly oblate2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 firmly set 9 a deep cavity2 suture a l9e2 sk9 cle>1 almo/ brick-r$1 becom+ glossy1 d>k]1 & transp>5t ) _m :ite spots2 fle% cle>1 t+$ r$1 ) yell[i%-:ite ve9s1 juicy1 sweetly acidulat$2 fir/ quality2 /one m$ium 9 size1 r\nd1 turgid1 %>ply po9t$2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,pontiac4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bja fig4 #ahed4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #hi4 #ahff4 ,pontiac orig9at$ 9 #ahdb1 ) ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 f a pit ( ,yell[ ,spani%4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright1 some:at spread+1 heal?y1 productive2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 ) sides compress$2 /em long1 sl5d]1 ins]t$ 9 a broad1 %all[ cavity2 sk9 mod]ately firm1 d>k purpli%-r$1 becom+ ne>ly black at maturity2 fle% purpli%-r$1 ) d>k color$ juice1 r t5d]1 juicy1 pleasant1 aromatic1 sweet2 good 9 quality2 /one m$ium 9 size1 smoo?1 sep>at+ readily f ! fle%2 rip5s 9 mid-season4 ,pope4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aej4 #ahcb4 ,"s ( ! fruits ( ?is *]ry are gre5 9 ! middle ( ,july :]eas ! majority are q ripe2 introduc$ into ,france f ,italy4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 r$2 /em v long2 fle% simil> to b m firm ?an t ( ! ,montmor5cy4 ,portugal4 ,species8 #a4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 #b4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #bdg4 #ahag4 ,tree productive2 fruit cordate1 r$2 flavor ri* & pleasant2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,june4 ,p[hattan4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bja4 #ahed4 #c4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #fg3bc4 #ahij4 ,?is is "o ( ! num]\s se$l+s orig9at$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 f a pit ( ,yell[ ,spani%4 ,fruit r\ndi%-cordate1 unev5 9 outl9e1 compress$ on ! sides2 /em m$ium to long2 sk9 br[ni%-r$1 glossy2 fle% purpli%-r$1 half-t5d]1 juicy1 sweet2 /one small4 ,pragis*e ,muskatell]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #ea1 #eb1 #ec4 #agij4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cih-djb4 #ahai4 ,c]ise de ,prague t>dive4 #c4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #db4 #agga4 ,muscat de ,prague4 #d4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 ,! *]ry1 introduc$ into ,g]many f ,holl& ab\t #aghe "u ! "n ,prag] ,muskatell]1 0 und\bt$ly ! v>iety m5tion$ by ,knoop 9 #agga1 z ,c]ise de ,prague ,t>dive4 ,) ?is v>iety ?ree o!r sorts 7 confus$2 ! ,c]ise ,blan*e1 ,c]ise ,guigne1 & ! ,grosse ,ung>is*e ,kirs*e1 b :5 fruit 0 obta9$ f all1 sep>ation 0 comp>atively easy4 ,tree v productive2 fruit l>ge1 globul>2 suture a l9e2 /em r ?ick1 ( m$ium l5g?2 cavity n>r[1 %all[2 sk9 ?91 br[ni%-r$ *ang+ to black2 fle% t5d]1 melt+1 juicy1 light r$1 sweet1 w9e-l2 /one oval or r\ndi%2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,prcoce de ,m>e/4 ,species8 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bh4 #ahgf4 ,( d\btful value accord+ to ! ref]5ce4 ,prcoce de ,sab>et4 ,species8 #a4 ,g>d4 ,*ron4 #ajfh4 #ahfa4 #b4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #cce4 #ahgj4 ,!re seem to be sev]al /ra9s ( ?is *]ry2 x is "o ( ! e>lie/ cultivat$ sorts 9 ,france1 rip5+ at ! beg9n+ ( ,june & la/+ a mon?4 ,presid5t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bab4 #ahed4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dga4 #ahfi4 ,presid5t is ano!r ( ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&'s *]ries rais$ 9 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 9 #ahdb4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+1 productive2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 regul>1 cordate1 slightly compress$2 /em /\t1 sl5d]2 suture indi/9ct2 sk9 r$1 slightly mottl$ ) yell[2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 half-t5d]1 juicy1 sweet2 good2 pit m$ium 9 size2 rip5s f ! middle to ! la/ ( ,june4 ,pride ( ,wa%+ton4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,wa%4 ,hort4 ,assoc4 ,rpt4 #ie4 #aije4 ,?is v>iety is a se$l+ ( ! ,late ,duke gr[n by ,j4 ,f4 ,/rong1 ,spokane1 ,wa%+ton4 ,! tree is m productive & less dispos$ to seam+ ( limbs :]e connect+ ) ! body ?an its p>5t & its fruit is also l>g]1 e>li] & ( bett] quality4 ,pries*e ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ b n describ$4 ,pr9ce4 ,species8 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf4 #agga4 ,li/$ b n describ$ by ,knoop4 ,pr9ce ,black ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dga4 #ahfi4 ,?is v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,william ,r4 ,pr9ce1 ,flu%+1 ,new ,york4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright-spread+2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 cordate1 slightly compress$2 suture small2 fle% purpli%1 r t5d]1 juicy1 sweet2 good to v good2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,pr9ce ,duke4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,treat4 ,hort4 #bi4 #ahbh4 #b4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acf4 #ahcb4 ,pr9ce ,duke 0 rais$ by ,william ,pr9ce1 ,flu%+1 ,new ,york1 f a se$ ( ,c>nation :i* x resembles 9 tree-*>act]s & 9 "t ( rip5+4 ,! fruit is r$1 m compress$ ?an ! p>5t & possesses ! peculi> bitt]ness ( ,c>nation be=e x is full ripe4 ,pr9ce ,engleb]t4 ,species8 #a4 ,okla4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #b3ac4 #ahib4 ,li/$ z gr[n at ! ,oklahoma ,/ation4 ,pr9ce ,royal4 ,species8 #a4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 ,accord+ to ,rea1 ?is is a l>ge1 late ripe *]ry1 good to pres]ve4 ,pr9cess4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf4 #agga4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cjb4 #ahff4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ge1 #gf1 fig4 #ch4 #ahhb4 ,pr9zesskirs*e4 #d4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bgi4 #ahjb4 #e4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bfa1 #bfb4 #ahai4 ,?is is a v>iegat$ ,he>t orig9at+ 9 ,g]many4 ,tree ( mod]ate vigor2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 cordate1 sides compress$2 apex acutely po9t$2 suture indi/9ct2 /em v long2 color yell[ ov]laid ) r$2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 bitt]i% at fir/2 /one oval2 rip5s ! f\r? week ( ! season4 ,pr9z5kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhi4 #ahjb4 ,grosse s*w>ze ,glanzkirs*e incor4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #egg-ehj4 #ahai4 ,a ,morello *]ry ( ,g]man orig94 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%2 suture indi/9ct2 cavity %all[2 sk9 t\gh1 firm1 glossy1 black2 fle% firm1 fibr\s1 d>k r$1 subacid2 pit adh]5t1 almo/ cordate2 rip5s at ! end ( ,july4 ,prdlitz] ,elitekirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ob/z*t] #h3,pl4 #aiaj4 #b4 ,ibid4 #h3ea1 #eb4 #aiaj4 ,?is *]ry orig9at$ on ! e/ate ( ,hugo ,graf ,klnokys*5 9 ,prodek1 ,moravia1 ,au/ria4 ,trees upright :5 "y2 fruit l>ge to v l>ge1 blacki%-br[n1 obtuse-cordate2 suture di/9ct2 /em long1 sl5d]2 fle% d>k1 sweet ) a t\* ( s\rness2 rip5s 9 ,july4 ,progress4 ,p4 pumila4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #cec4 #ahif4 ,a se$l+ ( ,prunus pumila rais$ by ! ,manitoba ,/ation4 ,proskau] ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #eg4 #aijg4 ,a d>k1 h>d-fle%$ *]ry m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,pr\dfoot4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bab4 #ahed4 ,?is v>iety 0 gr[n by ,d4 ,pr\dfoot1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio4 ,tree vigor\s1 spread+1 mod]ately productive2 fruit l>ge1 cordate1 flatt5$ at ! base2 sk9 d>k purpli%-r$2 cavity op52 fle% yell[i%1 firm1 juicy1 sweet2 pit l>ge2 season ! middle ( ,july4 ,puhlmann ,frhe4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgc4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #eg4 #aijg4 ,li/$ z an e>ly black ,he>t4 ,punktirte ,m>morkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3db4 #aheh4 ,punctirte ,ssskirs*e mit fe/em ,fleis*e4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bha4 #ahjb4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ccc-ccf4 #ahai4 ,big>reau ,ponctu4 #d4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3ha1 #hb1 fig4 #ci4 #ahff-gc4 ,punktirte ,knorpelkirs*e4 #e4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #eg fig41 #eh4 #ahfg4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright2 fruit r\ndi%-cordate1 l>ge2 suture deep2 /em long1 adh]+ to ! /one2 cavity deep2 color yell[i%-:ite ov]spread ) cle> r$2 fle% r t5d] b firm1 fibr\s1 transluc5t1 sweet2 pit r\nd1 (t5 r l>ge2 rip5s at ! end ( ,july4 ,punktirte ,molk5kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bi4 #aheh4 ,tree v l>ge1 bran*es long2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate2 suture indi/9ct2 color yell[ m or less ov]spread ) r$2 fle% sweet2 /one small1 cordate2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,purity 7,i74 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bhi4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #agg3ca4 #ahii4 ,purity 7,i7 is a se$l+ ( ,elton :i* orig9at$ ) ,w4 ,h4 ,*apman1 ,napa1 ,cali=nia1 & 0 propagat$ by ,leon>d ,coates ( t place4 ,tree upright-spread+1 fairly vigor\s2 fruit he>t-%ap$1 compress$2 suture broad1 r indi/9ct2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity broad1 %all[2 sk9 amb]1 %ad$ & mottl$ ) bright r$1 waxy1 transp>5t1 ?92 fle% ri*1 sweet1 t5d]1 juicy1 melt+2 v good2 season e>ly2 r too t5d] = m>ket4 ,purity 7,,ii74 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #aja4 #aiad4 ,?is is a productive *]ry ( ! ,morello class :i* resembles ,dyeh\se & rip5s a little e>li] ?an ,e>ly ,ri*mond4 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s1 heal?y1 be>s e>ly2 fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%2 /em long2 cavity deep2 apex noticeably depress$2 sk9 v d>k r$2 fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 v juicy1 pleasant subacid2 quality good2 season late ,june to e>ly ,july4 ,quak]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #bfb4 #ahib4 ,quak] orig9at$ ) ,c4 ,e4 ,hosk9s1 ,newb]g1 ,oregon4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 he>t-%ap$1 d>k r$1 almo/ black2 dots num]\s2 fle% firm1 d>k purple1 sprightly1 sweet2 quality v good2 season e>ly ,july4 ,ra9i] ,fr5*4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,r$ ,big>reau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce1 #ch4 #agga4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bai4 #ahed4 ,big>reau ,gros ,fruit ,r\ge4 #d4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afc-afe1 ,pl4 ,,ii4 #agfh4 #e4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cjh4 #ahai4 #f4 ,pom4 ,france #g3,no4 #g1 ,pl4 #g4 #ahga4 ,purpurro! ,knorpelkirs*e4 #g4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cdj1 #fhc1 #fhd4 #ahai4 ,l>ge ,r$ ,big>reau4 #h4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bgc4 #ahcb4 #i4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abg4 #ahcb4 #aj4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ajd1 #aje fig41 #ajf1 #cja4 #ahff4 ,r$ ,big>reau is probably an old ,fr5* v>iety4 ,fruit v l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 irregul>1 swoll5 on "o side2 suture di/9ct2 /em sl5d]1 long1 set 9 a deep1 wide cavity2 color glossy1 t\gh1 d>k r$2 fle% firm1 sweet1 rose-color$ especially ne> ! pit1 juicy2 pit small1 oval1 adh]5t along ! suture2 rip5s 9 ,july4 ,r$ ,canada4 ,species8 #a4 ,ariz4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ae3gb4 #ahie4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,r$ ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf4 #agga4 #b4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aab4 #ahcb4 ,fruit m oblong ?an ! ,e>ly ,guigne & some:at l>g]2 sk9 entirely r$2 fle% s(t b n high 9 quality2 rip5s 9 ,june4 ,r$ ,jacket4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjb fig4 #ahed4 #b4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #adh1 ,pl4 #ac fig4 #a4 #ahfd4 #c4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ai1 #bjd4 #ahgf4 ,r$ ,jacket 0 rais$ 9 #ahdb by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 f a pit ( ,yell[ ,spani%1 cross$ ) ,black ,t>t>ian1 ,black ,mazz>d1 or ,may ,duke4 ,x 0 =m]ly gr[n comm]cially 9 ?is c\ntry & ,europe because ( its productiv5ess & quality4 ,tree v vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 h>dy1 v productive2 fruit l>ge1 long1 obtuse-cordate2 /em r long1 sl5d]2 sk9 ?91 pale r$ becom+ r bright r$2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 half-t5d]1 juicy1 pleasant1 some:at a/r+5t until fully ripe :5 x becomes sweet2 good 9 quality2 /one m$ium 9 size2 rip5s 9 late mid-season4 ,r$ ,muscatel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ccj4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbi4 #ahhh4 ,a v>iety f ,nor? ,silesia :]e x is said to be commonly gr[n2 fruit l>ge1 ( good quality4 ,r$ ,orani54 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbi4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ai3eea4 #ahib4 ,?is "n has be5 giv5 by "s writ]s z a synonym ( ,c>nation b ,r$ ,orani5 z introduc$ into ,am]ica f ,russia appe>s to be di/9ct & is probably ano!r ( ! ,duke hybrids4 ,tree productive2 fruit l>ge1 d>k r$1 mildly subacid4 ,r$ ,rock4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #dcd4 #aije4 ,fruit ( ! ,morello type1 r\nd2 /em long1 ins]t$ 9 a noticeable cavity2 sk9 cle> r$2 fle% r$di%-yell[ ) color$ juice1 mild b pleasantly acid1 refre%+2 rip5s late 9 ,july4 ,r$ ,russian4 ,species8 #a4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bcg4 #ahda4 ,! orig9al "n ( ?is v>iety 0 lo/ 9 import+ x f ,russia to ,brooklyn1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahjj4 ,fruit l>ge1 d>k r$1 good2 productive2 rip5s 9 ,augu/4 ,rei*>t4 ,species8 #a4 ,pa4 ,fr4 ,gr4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aa4 #ahha4 ,recomm5d$ z valuable 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,re9e-,hort5se ,htive4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bh4 #ahgf4 ,a se$l+ ( ,re9e ,hort5se introduc$ 9 #ahgc4 ,x resembles ! p>5t 9 _m respects1 diff]+1 h[ev]1 9 e>li] rip5+ & 9 hav+ r$ fle%4 ,rem+ton4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahh4 #ahde4 ,rem+ton ,he>t #b4 ,pr9ce ,treat4 ,hort4 #cj4 #ahbh4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 #d4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aag1 #aah4 #ahcb4 ,rem+ton orig9at$ 9 #ahbc f a pit plant$ by ,za*>iah ,all51 ,provid5ce1 ,rhode ,isl&4 ,its only m]it is lat5ess1 n rip5+ until ,augu/2 fruit small1 cordate1 yell[1 t+$ ) r$2 fle% firm2 be>s abundantly4 ,r5tz ,morello4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mo4 ,bd4 ,agr4 ,rpt4 #bdc4 #ahgh4 ,m5tion$ z succe$+ fairly well 9 ,miss\ri4 ,resacks ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgc4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,ri*>dson4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bch4 #ahdi4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bab4 #ahed4 ,orig9at$ 9 ! g>d5 ( ,j4 ,r4 ,ri*>dson1 ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts4 ,tree upright1 h>dy1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 he>t-%ap$1 r %ort1 tap]+ to a po9t2 /em %ort1 sl5d]2 sk9 d>k r$1 incl9+ to black2 fle% deep r$1 half-t5d]1 ri*1 lusci\s1 sweet2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june to ,july4 ,ri*>dson ,late ,black4 ,species8 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhe4 #ahdb4 ,orig9at$ 9 ! g>d5 ( ,dr4 ,william ,p4 ,ri*>dson1 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts4 ,a small1 r\nd1 black *]ry1 rip5+ late 9 ,july2 v juicy & productive4 ,ri*t] ,sml+4 ,species8 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgc4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ b n describ$4 ,riga ,no4 #ajh4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #af3ii4 #ahia4 ,li/$ among ! ,russian fruits gr[+ at ! ,texas ,/ation4 ,riga ,no4 #aji4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3ahi4 #ahig4 ,receiv$ f ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd 9 #ahij4 ,tree upright1 unproductive2 fruit borne s+ly1 l>ge2 /em %ort2 color d>k r$2 fle% & juice color$1 pleasant1 b lack+ 9 quality2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,rival4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 #g3bdh4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #ij4 #ahff4 #c4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgc4 #ahhi4 ,big>reau ,rival4 #d4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bcf1 #bcg fig4 #ahgg4 ,?is *]ry probably came f ,m4 ,rival1 ,sa9t-,g5is-,laval1 ,rhne1 ,france4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 borne 9 clu/]s1 nev] less ?an f\r 9 a clu/]1 obtuse-cordate1 flatt5$ on "o side2 suture a color$ l9e2 apex %all[1 ecc5tric2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity %all[2 sk9 mod]ately firm1 yell[1 mottl$ ) r$ becom+ d>k]1 ne>ly black :5 mature2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,july to ,augu/4 ,riv]s ,e>ly ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agg4 #ahde4 #b4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #bjd4 #ahdf4 ,a se$l+ rais$ by ,?omas ,riv]s1 ,sawbridgewor?1 ,engl&1 :i* he says orig9at$ ab\t ! same "t z 8 ,e>ly ,amb]4 ,! fruit is ( ! ,he>t class1 m$ium 9 size & season4 ,rob]ts ,r$ ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhe4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agf4 #ahde4 #c4 ,horticulturi/ #e3gf fig4 #ahej4 #d4 ,ibid4 #f3ba fig4 #ahea4 #e4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3aai1 #abj1 fig4 #eh4 #ahff-gc4 ,?is v>iety orig9at$ ) ,david ,rob]ts1 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts1 & 0 fir/ br\ght to notice by ,rob]t ,mann+4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 slightly obtuse2 suture di/9ct2 /em long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a mod]ate cavity2 sk9 pale amb] ov]spread ) pale r$1 mottl$ ) deep] r$ & pale amb] specks2 fle% :ite1 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 sprightly2 season at ! end ( ,july4 ,ro*al9e4 ,p4 avium #a4 ,leon>d ,coates ,cat4 #aj4 #aiaa4 ,ro*al9e1 a se$l+ ( ,napoleon1 is no long] propagat$1 be+ inf]ior to its p>5t4 ,rock4 ,species8 #a4 ,ray ,hi/4 ,plant4 #aeci4 #afhh4 #b4 ,mill] ,g>d4 ,dict4 #a3aged4 ,m5tion$ z a p]fum$ *]ry4 ,rockl&4 ,species8 #a4 ,mass4 7,hat*7 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #a3cc4 #ahhi4 ,m5tion$ z gr[+ at ! ,massa*usetts ,/ation4 ,rocky ,hill ,honey ,he>t4 ,p4 avium #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3dbd4 #ahdg4 ,a v>iety orig9at+ ne> ,we!rsfield1 ,connecticut1 late 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,rocky ,m\nta94 ,p4 besseyi4 #a4 ,c\ntry ,g5t4 #bf3bch4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #eb3ach1 #ccj1 fig4 #df4 #ahic4 #c4 ,cornell ,/a4 ,bul4 #gj3bfa1 ,pl4 #a fig4 #b4 #ahid4 #d4 ,/orrs ,h>rison ,cat4 #acf fig4 #ahif4 #e4 ,wis4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ac3bbi1 #bcj4 #ahif4 ,rocky ,m\nta91 a v>iety ( ,prunus besseyi1 is a native ( ! m\nta9s ( ,colorado hav+ be5 discov]$ !re _m ye>s ago4 ,x is *iefly us$ z a dw>f ornam5tal1 be+ adapt$ to a great v>iety ( soils4 ,tree small1 bu%y1 av]ag+ ab\t f\r feet high1 v h>dy & productive2 fruit rip5s aft] all o!r *]ries are gone1 small1 v>iable 9 %ape1 f r\ndi% to ne>ly oblong2 color almo/ jet black2 flavor sweet ) "s a/r+5cy b edible :5 fully mature4 ,roe4 ,p4 avium #a4 ,bett] ,fruit #e3,no4 #aa3di4 #aiaa4 ,roe is a se$l+ f ,yamhill ,c\nty1 ,oregon1 be+ introduc$ by ! ,oregon ,nurs]y ,company1 ,salem1 ,oregon2 x is said to resemble ,napoleon b is mu* firm] & lat]4 ,roma9e4 ,species8 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bf4 #ahgf4 ,a v>iety ( d\btful value2 rip5s 9 ,july4 ,ronald4 ,species8 #a4 ,buny>d-,?omas ,fr4 ,g>d4 #dd4 #aijd4 ,accord+ to ! ref]5ce1 ?is is a valuable late v>iety4 ,tree small1 compact2 fruit v l>ge1 bright r$1 transp>5t2 fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 juicy4 ,rs*]s ,kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #a fig41 #b4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3i1 #aj1 fig4 #e4 #ahhb4 ,a *ance se$l+ f\nd by a peasant1 ,rs*]s1 ne> ,heidelb]g1 ,bad51 ,g]many4 ,fruit m$ium1 oblate-cordate2 sides compress$1 angul>2 /em long2 cavity wide1 deep2 sk9 t\gh1 black2 fle% d>k r$1 juicy1 v9\s2 pit small1 oval2 rip5s v e>ly4 ,rose ,*>meux4 ,species8 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ge4 #ahhc4 ,a ,poli% v>iety introduc$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 ,ames1 ,i[a2 fruit l>ge1 r$1 delicate1 wat]y & mild-flavor$4 ,ros5obel4 ,p4 avium #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bhj1 #fgh4 #ahai4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bg4 #aheh4 ,an old ,g]man v>iety fruit+ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahae4 ,fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 yell[1 /reak$ ) r$ ar\nd ! cavity2 /em long2 fle% :ite1 t5d]1 sweet2 /one oval2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,june4 ,ro/rav] ,big>reau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 #bh3bdj1 #bda4 #ahhf4 ,?is v>iety 0 introduc$ 9 #ahhg1 by ! orig9ators1 ,john ,r4 & ,a4 ,murdo*1 ,pittsburg1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,! trees1 z gr[n on ! ,/ation gr\nds1 are vigor\s1 mod]ately spread+2 fruit l>ge1 blunt he>t-%ap$2 suture indi/9ct2 /em long1 set 9 a l>ge1 deep cavity2 sk9 ?91 t\gh1 ri* yell[1 mottl$ ) r$1 simil> to ,napoleon2 fle% meaty1 firm1 :ite1 sweet1 mod]ately juicy2 season ! middle ( ,july4 ,ro! ,glanzkirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dij-dib1 #fhi4 #ahai4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%-oblate2 suture di/9ct2 /em sl5d]1 ( m$ium l5g?1 set 9 a %all[ cavity2 color cle> r$ mix$ ) d>k] r$1 glossy2 fle% t5d]1 :ite1 fibr\s2 excell5t2 /one l>ge1 oval1 smoo?2 rip5s f ! end ( ,june to ! middle ( ,july4 ,ro! ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #eh1 #ei4 #agij4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dcg1 #dch1 #dci4 #ahai4 ,h]zfrmige ,ssswei*sel4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3dh4 #aheh4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 obtuse-cordate2 suture indi/9ct2 sk9 cle> r$ *ang+ to d>k] r$1 ?91 t\gh2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?1 set 9 a deep1 n>r[ cavity2 fle% t5d]1 r$ ne> ! /one1 fibr\s1 v9\s2 /one broadly oblong1 cl++ to ! fle%2 rip5s at ! beg9n+ ( ,july4 ,ro! ,maiknorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bhf1 #bhg4 #ahai4 ,fruit m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 compress$ on bo? sides2 suture di/9ct2 /em r long2 cavity %all[2 color :olly r$ on a yell[ gr\nd2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 r t5d]1 pleas+2 excell5t2 /one l>ge1 cordate1 plump2 rip5s at ! beg9n+ ( ,june4 ,ro! ,molk5kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffg4 #agig4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bbi-bcc4 #ahai4 ,c]ise de petit-lait r\ge4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cjb4 #ahff4 ,*ri/ grew ?is v>iety f se$ at ,kronb]g1 ,prussia1 ,g]many4 ,tree productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 flatt5$ at ! ends & sides2 v5tral suture di/9ct2 /em r long2 cavity %all[2 sk9 ?91 glossy1 ov]spread ) light r$1 d>k] 9 ! sun2 fle% t5d]1 light yell[1 juicy1 bitt] be=e ripe1 sweet :5 mature2 /one r\ndi%1 free1 t+$ ) r$ along ! suture2 rip5s ) ,black ,t>t>ian4 ,ro! ,soodkirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bid4 #ahjb4 ,soodam>elle4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fcb-fcd4 #ahai4 #c4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bg1 #bjf4 #ahgf4 ,! fruit is borne 9 twos & ?rees1 bel[ m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%1 compress$ on "o side2 apex %all[2 /em long2 color dull blood r$1 light] ne> ! suture2 fle% melt+1 dull yell[2 juice r$di%1 abundant1 t>t2 /one small1 broad1 free4 ,r\aanse ,kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cdj4 #ahai4 ,a ,he>t *]ry1 cle>1 light r$ spott$ ) r$ 9 color2 fle% firm4 ,r\ge ,ple ,t>dive4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,r\ge des ,vosges4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3ajg1 #ajh1 fig4 #eb4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #ajj fig41 #aja4 #aijd4 ,cultivat$ 9 ! region ( ,f\g]olle1 ,haute-,sane1 ,france1 z ! ,noire des ,vosges & l>gely us$ 9 ! manufacture ( a liqueur4 ,fruit usually borne 9 pairs1 l>ge1 elongat$-cordate2 suture di/9ct2 /em long2 cavity ( m$ium size2 sk9 glossy1 d>k r$2 fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 sprightly2 /one small1 r\ndi%1 ) a small po9t at ! apex2 rip5s ! la/ half ( ,july4 ,r\nd ,sweet4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3fa4 #aijj4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,royal ,am]ican4 ,species8 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3fb4 #aijj4 ,tree /rong 9 gr[?2 fruit l>ge2 sk9 light r$ becom+ d>k] 9 ! sun2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 firm1 juicy1 agreeable2 rip5s 9 ,july4 ,royal ,htif4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3eje4 #ahfj4 ,tree v productive1 ( m$ium size2 fruit l>ge1 compress$ at ! apex & base2 /em gre51 %ort1 (t5 ) /ipules2 flavor sweet2 v good2 rip5s at ! end ( ,may4 ,rumsey4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abb4 #aijj4 ,rumsey's ,late ,morello4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aii fig4 #ahde4 ,?is v late *]ry 0 gr[n by ,dr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,rumsey1 ,fi%kill ,l&+1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahce4 ,fruit usually borne 9 pairs1 l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate2 suture di/9ct2 /em long2 cavity n>r[1 deep2 sk9 glossy1 a ri*1 lively r$2 fle% juicy1 melt+1 acid2 /one long2 rip5s f ! fir/ "p ( ,augu/ until fro/s4 ,runde ,m>morirte ,ssskirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhj4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ccf1 #fhc4 #ahai4 #c4 ,ob]dieck ,ob/-,sort4 #chb4 #ahha4 #d4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cge4 #ahhi4 ,weiss und hellro? geflekte grosse ,kramelkirs*e4 #e4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3c1 ,tab4 #f fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,runde ,m>morirte ,ssskirs*e is "o ( ! v>ieties :i* has be5 confus$ ) ,napoleon & ,yell[ ,spani%4 ,tree vigor\s1 v productive2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 slightly compress$2 suture %all[2 /em long2 cavity %all[1 wide1 depress$ on ! v5tral side2 sk9 yell[1 /reak$1 dott$ & ov]laid ) r$--! am\nt dep5d+ on ! exposure to ! sun2 fle% :iti%-yell[1 m$ium firm1 juicy1 v sweet1 sprightly1 excell5t2 /one ovate to oval2 matures usually ) ,napoleon4 ,rup]t4 ,p4 pumila ,p48 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #dce4 #aija4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce z be+ a cross betwe5 ! ,prunus pumila1 ! ,s& ,*]ry1 & a plum4 ,rupp4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #dj1 ,pl4 #c4 #ahie4 #b4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ahg3fb4 #aija4 ,rupp is suppos$ to h orig9at$ ) ,solomon ,rupp1 ,york ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,x 0 s5t to sev]al ,exp]im5t ,/ations = te/+ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,z gr[n at ! ,mi*igan & ,g5eva ,/ations x _c be di/+ui%$ f ,re9e ,hort5se & we are incl9$ to believe t ! old v>iety has be5 ov]%ad[$ by a new "n4 ,russian ,morello4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #ajc4 #aiad4 ,russian #bjg4 #b4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #gf4 #ahij4 ,tree upright1 vigor\s2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 r\nd1 flatt5$ at ! base2 /em long2 sk9 bright r$2 juicy2 fair quality2 rip5s ! fir/ ( ,augu/4 ,russian ,se$l+s ,nos4 #h1 #db1 #di1 #ed1 #aji1 #abh1 #afi1 #aii4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3hj1 #ha4 #aijc4 ,^! se$l+s 7 gr[n at ! ,i[a ,exp]im5t ,/ation f select$ se$s ( ,russian v>ieties4 ,!y %[ e v>iation f a l[1 compact1 spread+ tree to a tall1 conical "o1 :ile ! fruit v>ies 9 season f e>ly ,june to late ,july4 ,russie ,fruit ,blanc4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,ryley ,black ,t>t>ian4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,s*sis*e ,frhe ,maikirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fhc4 #agig4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,sacram5to4 ,species8 #a4 ,gre5 ,riv] ,nur4 ,cat4 #bc4 #ahii4 ,?is is a productive v>iety1 resembl+ ,may ,duke1 f\nd ne> ,sacram5to1 ,k5tucky4 ,sa9t-,laur5t4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,sansoto4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 am]icana4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #acj3ahd1 ,pl4 #aj1 ,pl4 #aa1 #ahe4 #aiaa4 ,sansoto is a cross f ! ,s\? ,dakota ,exp]im5t ,/ation betwe5 ! ,s& ,*]ry & ! ,de ,soto plum4 ,9 gr[? ! tree resembles t ( ! plum b ! fruit 9 looks & flavor is m l ! ,s& ,*]ry1 ,fruit is r\nd1 ab\t ?ree-eigh?s in* 9 diamet]2 sk9 black ) a blui% bloom1 ?91 free f ac]bity2 fle% yell[i%-gre51 sprightly2 pit cl++4 ,sapa4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 triflora4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ajh3,pl4 #i4 #aijh4 #b4 ,ibid4 #acj3agf1 #agg ,pl4 #g1 #agh4 #aiaa4 ,sapa1 a cross betwe5 ! ,s& ,*]ry & ! ,occid5t plum1 0 introduc$ 9 #aijh by ! ,s\? ,dakota ,/ation4 ,tree plum-l 9 habit2 fruit-buds num]\s2 fruit ab\t "o & ?ree-eigh?s in*es 9 diamet]2 sk9 glossy1 d>k purple2 fle% ri*1 d>k purple2 season extremely e>ly4 ,sapp+ton4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bb4 #ahib-ic4 #b4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bhb4 #aijc4 ,gr[n ab\t ,/4 ,l\is1 ,miss\ri1 :]e x orig9at$4 ,! tree resembles ,mazz>d 9 gr[?1 vigor & productiv5ess2 fruit sweet2 e>ly4 ,sau]jotte4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,li/$ z a v>iety ( d\btful value4 ,saure ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,ob/bume #afa4 #agia4 ,describ$ z a black1 ,s\r ,*]ry ( ! fir/ rank1 ) t5d] fle% & excell5t juice4 ,sauvigny ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ia fig41 #ib4 #ahfj4 ,big>reau de ,sauvigny4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cjb4 #ahff4 ,dure de ,sauvigny4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,fruit l>ge1 elongat$1 obtuse-cordate1 compress$ m /rongly ^u ! side %[+ a suture2 /em v>iable1 usually ( m$ium l5g?2 cavity n>r[1 deep2 sk9 glossy1 d>k br[ni%-r$1 mottl$ ) light] r$2 fle% v firm1 d>k r$1 juicy2 quality v good2 pit small1 oval1 acutely-po9t$ at ! apex1 free2 rip5s 9 late ,july4 ,s*>la*kirs*e4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffi4 #agig4 ,?is v>iety is suppos$ by "s to be ,may ,duke4 ,usually borne 9 twos & ?rees2 fruit m$ium 9 size2 /em above m$ium 9 l5g?1 sl5d]2 suture indi/9ct2 rip5s ! latt] "p ( ,june4 ,s*leihahn ,sweet4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,press ,bul4 #bh3aiaa4 ,big>reau de ,s*leihahn4 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,a v>iety ( ,g]man orig91 introduc$ into ,i[a ab\t #ahib & describ$ z a desirable v>iety = t ,/ate by ! ,i[a ,agricultural ,college4 ,x foll[s ,e>ly ,ri*mond & has a long season4 ,tree productive1 h>dy = a sweet v>iety2 fruit ( m$ium size1 cordate1 sides flatt5$2 /em long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a r deep1 wide cavity2 sk9 firm1 glossy1 surface (t5 pitt$2 dots num]\s1 obscure2 suture (t5 lack+2 color bright deep r$1 becom+ d>k r$ or black2 fle% d>k r$1 v firm1 mod]ately juicy1 sweet2 good2 pit above m$ium 9 size1 po9t$1 oval1 turgid1 ne>ly free2 season at ,ames1 ,i[a1 f ,june #bj? to ,july #a/4 ,s*lss]s ,s*att5morelle4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,reut4 ,pom4 ,in/4 ,fe/s*rift #abc4 #aiaj4 #b4 ,pom4 ,in/4 ,reut4 #ca4 #aiaa-ab4 ,tree vigor\s2 fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 d>k br[ni%-r$1 simil> to ! ,brussel] ,braune b l>g]2 s\r4 ,s*mehls4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #edi4 #aija4 ,tree vigor\s2 fruit l>ge obtuse-cordate2 sk9 mottl$ ) yell[ & pale r$2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 pleas+2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,s*midt ,big>reau ,no4 #b4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3fb4 #aijj4 ,tree vigor\s2 fruit l>ge1 ne>ly r\nd2 sk9 d>k r$2 fle% r$1 firm1 juicy1 sweet2 season late ,june4 ,s*midt ,frhe ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lau*e ,ergnzungsb& #fjc4 #ahhc4 ,f4 ,s*midt1 ,potsdam1 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 grew ?is v>iety4 ,tree fruitful & succe$s 9 all soils2 fruit l>ge1 abruptly cordate2 suture indi/9ct2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?2 cavity wide1 deep2 color glossy d>k br[n *ang+ to black2 fle% firm1 juicy1 sweet2 good2 /one m$ium1 r\ndi%2 e>ly4 ,s*neeb]g] ,kirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,ob/z*t] #h3eb4 #aiaj4 ,?is is a m>ket *]ry gr[n ab\t ,vi5na1 ,au/ria1 rip5+ ab\t ! middle ( ,july & la/+ = a mon?4 ,"s fruits are r\nd1 o!rs cordate1 dep5d+ on ! altitude 9 :i* x is gr[n2 /em sl5d]2 color black2 fle% mod]ately firm1 adh]+ to ! pit4 ,s*neid] ,frhe ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgf4 #ahhi4 ,guigne-htive de ,s*neid]4 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aih4 #ahgf4 ,tree vigor\s & productive2 fruit l>ge1 cordate1 truncate2 sk9 a brilliant br[ni%-black2 fle% firm2 ( fir/ quality2 matures e>ly 9 ,june4 ,s*neid] ,spte ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ob]dieck ,ob/-,sort4 #cgj1 #cga4 #ahha4 #b4 ,lau*e ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,iii3,no4 #h1 ,pl4 #ahhb4 ,orig91 ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit v l>ge1 oval1 (t5 cordate1 sides compress$2 suture indi/9ct2 /em long1 ins]t$ 9 a wide1 deep cavity2 sk9 glossy1 *]ry-r$ *ang+ to d>k br[n1 ) num]\s flecks2 fle% firm1 yell[i%1 sweet1 ) slightly color$ juice2 /one elongat$-ovate1 l>ge1 plump2 late4 ,s*ne von ,brgge4 ,species8 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgf4 #ahhi4 ,belle ,brugeoise ,sa9t-,pi]re4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ b n describ$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,s*ne von ,m>i5hohe4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #eg fig41 #eh4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #eg4 #aijg4 ,belle glorie de ,m>ie4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cjj4 #ahff4 ,belle de ,m>i5hhe4 #d4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ai1 #ahg4 #ahgf4 ,beauty ( ,m>i5hohe4 #e4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #edi4 #aija4 ,?is old v>iety orig9at$ 9 #ahcf f pits plant$ 9 ! ,royal nurs]y ( ,m>i5hhe ne> ,weim>1 ,saxe-,weim>1 ,g]many4 ,trees /rong1 heal?y & productive2 fruit m$ium 9 size1 he>t-%ap$1 (t5 v>iable2 sides plump2 cavity noticeable2 apex a small yell[i%-br[n po9t 9 a slight depression2 /em sl5d]1 gre52 sk9 ?91 glossy1 r$di%-black2 fle% & juice d>k r$1 t5d]1 sweet2 quality v good2 pit egg-%ap$1 smoo? )\t a po9t1 turgid2 rip5s ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,s*rcks ,spte ,bunte ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3dc4 #aheh4 ,fruit l>ge1 elongat$-cordate1 compress$1 (t5 unev52 suture noticeable2 /em long1 sl5d]2 sk9 d>k r$1 v>iegat$2 fle% firm1 v9\s1 sweet2 /one elongat$-cordate1 adh]5t2 rip5s at ! end ( ,july4 ,s*w>ze ,=ell5kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #gj1 #ga4 #agij4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #eic1 #eid4 #ahai4 ,tree productive1 n l>ge2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%1 slightly flatt5$2 /em v long1 set 9 a cavity ( m$ium size2 sk9 glossy1 d>k br[ni%-black becom+ almo/ black2 fle% v r$1 melt+1 juicy1 s\r2 /one r$di%1 "o-half in* long2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,augu/4 ,s*w>ze ,maiwei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhe4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3eh4 #aheh4 ,s*w>ze ,maikirs*e4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dih1 #dii1 #ejj4 #ahai4 ,?is v>iety diff]s f o!r ,morellos 9 its v %ort /em4 ,tree small1 n productive2 fruit usually small1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$2 suture indi/9ct2 /em %ort2 color black :5 ripe2 fle% d>k r$1 juice light]1 s\r1 becom+ aromatic on hang+2 /one v small1 r\nd2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,s*w>ze ,muskatell]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fga4 #agig4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dai1 #dbj1 #dba4 #ahai4 ,fruit r\nd1 some:at flatt5$ on "o side2 /em %ort2 sk9 & fle% d>k r$2 fle% s(t1 juicy1 m+l$ ) a slight s\rness2 rip5s ! latt] "p ( ,july4 ,s*w>ze ,orani5kirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #ef4 #agij4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dcb4 #ahai4 ,s*w>ze ,malvasi]kirs*e4 #c4 ,ibid4 #dcc1 #dcd4 #ahai4 ,fruit l>ge1 pit*-black1 aromatic2 f ,holl&4 ,s*w>ze ,soodkirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhf4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #eef1 #eeg4 #ahai4 ,bran*es sl5d]1 droop+2 fruit ( m$ium size1 oblate1 sides flatt5$2 /em sl5d]2 cavity %all[2 suture a f9e l9e2 color almo/ black2 fle% t5d]1 slightly fibr\s1 d>k r$ at ! /one1 juicy1 pleas+ly subacid2 /one small1 r\ndi%2 season ! middle ( ,july4 ,s*w>zbraune ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #aih1 #aii1 #bjj1 #fge4 #ahai4 ,( ,g]man orig9 & fir/ m5tion$ 9 #agig4 ,fruit mod]ately l>ge1 unev51 flatt5$ at ! base & sides2 /em sl5d]1 r long1 deeply ins]t$2 sk9 br[ni%-r$ approa*+ black1 t\gh1 lea!r-l2 fle% firm1 sweet1 ) violet juice :5 ripe2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,augu/4 ,s*w>zes ,taub5h]z4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #adg1 #adh4 #ahai4 ,?is v>iety is peculi> 9 t its /em is gre5 & its fruit has a deep suture on ! compress$ side2 sk9 v d>k br[n2 fle% t5d]1 s(t1 bitt]1 sweet :5 fully ripe b insipid2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,sebril4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #aeb3aib4 #ahih4 ,li/$ z a ,sweet ,*]ry4 ,seckba*]4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #afg-agd4 #ahai4 #b4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #dge fig41 #dgf4 #ahfa4 ,spte ,maikirs*e4 #c4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffj4 #agig4 ,seckba*] ,knorpelkirs*e4 #d4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3cd4 #aheh4 ,c]ise de ,seckba*4 #e4 ,mas4 ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ee1 #ef1 fig4 #bh4 #ahhb4 ,?is v>iety probably orig9at$ 9 ,prussia1 ,g]many4 ,fruit small1 r\nd or cordate1 compress$1 ) a fa9t suture2 /em long1 %all[ly ins]t$2 color glossy1 black1 light] along ! suture2 fle% d>k r$1 firm1 juicy1 aromatic1 piquant2 /one l>ge2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,se$]b]g]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,col4 ,o4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ca4 #ahib4 ,li/$ z a sweet v>iety f ,virg9ia & said to resemble ,yell[ ,spani% b ! fruit is l>g] & ! tree m vigor\s4 ,select ,beauty4 ,species8 #a4 ,pr9ce ,treat4 ,hort4 #cj4 #ahbh4 ,a l>ge1 r$1 well-flavor$ *]ry ) a long /em2 n v productive2 rip5s 9 ,july4 ,%ad[ ,am>elle4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbf4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3hb fig4 #aijc4 ,frhe ,s*att5morelle4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fd4 #aheh4 ,s*att5 ,am>elle4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ge4 #ahhc4 #e4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbi4 #ahhe4 #f4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abf4 #aijj4 ,%ad[ ,morello4 #g4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gh4 #ahij4 #h4 ,lucas ,h&b4 ,ob/4 #crd ,ed4 #abb4 #ahic4 ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd ( ,ames1 ,i[a1 9 #ahic1 import$ ?is v>iety f s\?-c5tral ,asia4 ,x is v simil> to ! ,brussel] ,braune & ,lucas gives x z ! same4 ,:e!r or n !y are id5tical we _c det]m9e1 z ! v>iety is n gr[n on ! ,/ation gr\nds4 ,! "n ,s*att5 is d]iv$ f ! mirror-l reflection ( ! glossy sk9 :5 expos$ to ! sun4 ,f ! description x seems to diff] f ! ,brussel] ,braune 9 be+ small] 9 size1 n s globul>1 nor z d>k 9 color1 a few days e>li]1 & ! tree is m spread+ 9 gr[?4 ,%ail]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 ,a yell[i%-r$1 h>d-fle%$ ,he>t *]ry ( inf]ior quality2 rip5s 9 ,july4 ,%annon4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjb1 #bjc4 #ahed4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 ,%annon ,morello4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #gj1 #ia4 #ahff4 ,gov4 ,%annon4 #d4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cc4 #ahgc4 ,%annon 0 rais$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 #ahbi1 & describ$ 9 #ahdi1 be+ nam$ aft] ,wilson ,%annon1 once ,gov]nor ( ,ohio4 ,x sprung f a ,morello tree /&+ ne> a ,c>nation *]ry tree & be>s fruit ( ! ,morello type4 ,tree v h>dy2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 globul>1 flatt5$ at ! base2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity op52 fle% t5d]1 r$di%-purple1 juicy1 acid2 pit small4 ,%elton4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,milton ,cat4 #aj4 #aiaa4 ,%elton is a se$l+ ( ,napoleon gr[n by ,judge ,william ,%elton ( ,walla ,walla1 ,wa%+ton4 ,tree h>dy1 vigor\s1 upright2 fruit small] ?an ,napoleon2 sk9 pale yell[ ) a r$ *eek2 fle% sweet1 t5d]1 juicy2 rip5s two weeks be=e ,napoleon4 ,%ort-/em ,may4 ,species8 #a4 ,cont95tal ,plant ,cat4 #bb4 #aiad4 ,m]ely li/$ z an old1 well-kn[n1 productive *]ry4 ,%ubianka4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbg4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3hc4 #aijc4 ,%ubianka is an inf]ior small-fruit$ *]ry ( ! ,vladimir family import$ f ,russia 9 #ahhc by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 ,ames1 ,i[a4 ,tree dw>f1 r\nd-topp$2 fruit small1 r\nd2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity broad1 %all[2 sk9 t\gh1 ?ick1 deep r$2 fle% firm1 juicy1 color$1 sprightly1 a/r+5t ) a bitt] aft]-ta/e2 /one r\nd1 r l>ge2 season at ! end ( ,june2 wor?less4 ,sibrel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,gre5+ ,bros4 ,cat4 #gd fig4 #ahii4 ,sibrel is ( ! ,morello type & orig9at$ at ,bettsville1 ,ohio2 di/+ui%$ = its productiv5ess1 lat5ess1 size & quality4 ,silv] ,?orne4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3hc4 #aijc4 ,silv] ,?orne is suppos$ to h orig9at$ 9 ,muscat9e ,c\nty1 ,i[a1 ab\t sixty ye>s ago4 ,x resembles ,e>ly ,ri*mond 9 tree & fruit b ! *]ries h firm] fle% & are less acid4 ,skublics ,wei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,sle9haus4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas4 ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,small ,black ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aab4 #ahcb4 ,?is *]ry diff]s f ,black ,guigne 9 be+ %ort] & inf]ior 9 quality4 ,small ,morello4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?a*] ,am4 ,or*4 #bag4 #ahbb4 ,a *]ry f ,salem ,c\nty1 ,new ,j]sey2 ! fruit has a lively acid ta/e4 ,smidt ,yell[4 ,species8 #a4 ,?omas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #ffi4 #ahig4 ,a good1 e>ly1 prolific1 s\!rn v>iety4 ,fruit m$ium 9 size1 yell[1 mottl$ ) r$4 ,socsany4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #da4 #ahie4 ,socsany 0 receiv$ f ,hung>y by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 #ahic & 0 s5t to ,c4 ,e4 ,hosk9s1 ,spr+brook1 ,oregon1 = te/+4 ,fruit small1 smoo?1 cordate2 suture %all[2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity m$ium 9 size1 irregul>1 fl>+2 sk9 ?ick1 t5aci\s1 yell[1 well cov]$ ) r$1 ) num]\s1 subcutane\s1 oblong dots2 fle% yell[i%1 transluc5t1 meaty1 ) :iti% ve9s1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 /one l>ge1 oval1 cl++2 v good2 season ! fir/ ( ,july4 ,s(t-/one ,*]ry4 ,species8 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ade4 #ahcb4 ,s(t ,%eld4 #b4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egd4 #afbi4 ,c]ise ,noyau t5dre4 #c4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3agd1 #age4 #agfh4 ,_m writ]s m5tion a se$less *]ry b ,duhamel d\bts its exi/5ce4 ,he does1 h[ev]1 describe "o ) a t5d]1 ligne\s pit t is easily brok5 by ! f+]s4 ,! fruit is r\nd1 almo/ an in* 9 diamet] & v good4 ,s\?s ,breite ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #afd4 #ahai4 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 ,a l>ge1 black1 glossy ,he>t *]ry4 ,s\v5ir d',essonnes4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas4 ,le ,v]g] #h3aji1 #aaj1 fig4 #ec4 #ahff-gc4 ,?is *]ry 0 obta9$ by ,m4 ,c\rt91 a nurs]yman at ,essonnes1 ,se9e-et-,oise1 ,france1 ab\t #ahfj4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 oval1 slightly compress$2 suture indi/9ct2 /em m$ium2 cavity ( m$ium size1 regul>2 sk9 t5d]1 mottl$ on a r$ gr\nd2 fle% :iti%1 t5d]1 sweet ?\gh sprightly2 pit small1 oval2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,spanis*e ,frhkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #adi fig41 #aej4 #ahfj4 ,spanis*e ,h]zkirs*e4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,ob/bume #afj4 #agia4 ,s*w>ze ,spanis*e ,frhkirs*e4 #c4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffb4 #agig4 #d4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhb4 #ahjb4 #e4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #daj-dac4 #ahai4 ,prcoce d',espagne4 #f4 ,mas4 ,le ,v]g] #h3gc1 #gd1 fig4 #ce4 #ahff-gc4 #g4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #af1 #bjd4 #ahgf4 ,fruit m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 sides compress$2 suture wide1 deep1 (t5 only a l9e on ! dorsal side2 /em long1 sl5d]1 ins]t$ 9 a %all[1 n>r[ cavity2 sk9 glossy1 t\gh1 deep r$ *ang+ to black2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 ) a pleas+ s\rness1 br[ni%-r$2 pit elongat$-oval1 n plump1 r smoo?2 season ! middle ( ,june4 ,spanis*e ,frhwei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fgd4 #agig4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhi4 #ahjb4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ejj1 #eja1 #ejb4 #ahai4 ,griotte ,prcoce d',espagne4 #d4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3da1 #db1 fig4 #ai4 #ahff-gc4 ,tree /rong1 vigor\s1 productive2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%1 truncate at ! base2 suture m>k$ on ! side mo/ compress$2 /em long1 mod]ately /\t1 ins]t$ 9 a deep1 n>r[ cavity2 sk9 t5d]1 purpli%-br[n1 *ang+ to black1 some:at light] ne> ! suture2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 d>k r$1 ) a pleas+ acidity2 fir/ quality2 /one small1 r\ndi%-oval1 apex po9t$2 season ! la/ ( ,june4 ,spanis*e ,glaskirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ejc fig41 #ejd4 #ahfa4 ,grosse ,spanis*e ,wei*sel8 #b4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fhc4 #agig4 ,transp>5te d',espagne4 #c4 ,mas4 ,le ,v]g] #h3aja1 #ajb1 fig4 #di4 #ahff-gc4 ,fruit l>ge1 oblate1 compress$ on ! dorsal side2 suture lack+2 /em r long2 cavity deep2 color d>k r$2 fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 juicy1 acidulat$2 /one small1 ne>ly r\nd2 rip5s f ! middle to ! end ( ,june4 ,spani% ,griotte4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acf4 #ahcb4 ,pr9ce believ$ ?is v>iety to be a sub-v>iety ( ,ar* ,duke :i* x resembles4 ,! fruit is l>g] ?an ! ,ar* ,duke1 oblong1 some:at flatt5$ along ! sides2 /em v l>ge1 ( m$ium l5g?2 sk9 br[ni%-r$ approa*+ black2 fle% r$1 firm1 slightly melt+1 sweet2 rip5s at ! beg9n+ ( ,july4 ,sptblh5de ,glaskirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fhc4 #agig4 ,wei*selbaum mit gelb1 weiss1 und r?li* m>morirte ,fru*t4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3g1 ,tab4 #ag fig4 #b4 #agib4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #dgg-dgi1 #fij4 #ahai4 ,fruit ( m$ium size2 /em long1 sl5d]2 color r$2 fle% pleas+ly subacid2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july2 blooms v late4 ,spte ,maulbe]kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bgf4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ge fig41 #gf4 #ahfj4 ,spte ,maulbe]h]zkirs*e4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ace-adj4 #ahai4 ,guigne mre de ,p>is4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3hc1 #bjg4 #ahff4 ,tree vigor\s1 ) a broad cr[n1 productive2 fruit v>iable 9 size1 flatt5$ some:at squ>ely2 /em long1 /\t1 /raight2 cavity wide1 %all[2 sk9 t\gh1 black1 r dull2 fle% t5d]1 r$di%-black1 ) abundant1 color$ juice1 sweet ) a piquant s\rness2 pit r\nd2 season ! la/ ( ,july4 ,spte ,rote ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgh4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,spte ,s*w>ze ,=ell5kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bia4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fje1 #fjf4 #ahai4 ,?is v>iety 0 f\nd 9 ,b]nburg1 ,anhalt1 ,g]many4 ,tree m$ium 9 height1 ) bran*es droop+2 fruit l>ge1 d>k br[ni%-r$2 v s\r2 /one v long2 rip5s 9 ,septemb] ) a few fruits rema9+ until ,octob]4 ,spte ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #dc fig41 #dd4 #ahfg4 ,fruit v l>ge1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$1 angul>2 suture b a l9e2 /em r long2 cavity %all[2 sk9 glossy1 d>k r$1 becom+ black1 /reak$2 fle% d>k r$1 firm1 sweet1 aromatic1 ) a slight bitt]ness2 /one oval2 rip5s 9 late ,augu/4 ,spte ,s*w>ze ,spanis*e ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffd4 #agig4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #aeb1 #aec4 #ahai4 ,?is v>iety is di/+ui%$ f all o!rs ( its class by its s(t1 t5d] /one2 x diff]s f ! ,s(t-/one ,*]ry 9 %ape4 ,fruit elongat$1 tap]+-cordate2 sk9 glossy1 d>k br[n1 *ang+ to black2 fle% t5d]1 d>k r$1 juicy1 aromatic2 /one m$ium 9 size1 flatt5$1 (t5 abortive1 ) a ?9 cov]+ ov] ! k]nel easily brok5 by ! h&2 rip5s 9 late ,augu/4 ,speckkirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffe4 #agig4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bhg-bhi4 #ahai4 ,c]ise ,graisseuse4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cjc4 #ahff4 ,c]ise ,l>d4 #d4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ha1 #hb1 fig4 #da4 #ahhb4 ,?is *]ry is sometimes mi/ak5 = ,corone4 ,x diff]s f o!r ,big>reaus 9 its v>iable =m4 ,tree productive2 fruit m$ium to l>ge2 /em r long1 set 9 a %all[ cavity2 color d>k r$ ) light] r$ flecks2 fle% firm1 pale yell[1 subacid2 /one r l>ge1 ne>ly free2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,spitz5s ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #afj1 #afa1 #fgc4 #ahai4 #b4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ga fig41 #gb4 #ahfj4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cja4 #ahff4 #d4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aii4 #ahgf4 ,guigne noire ,spitz4 #e4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ccc fig4 #ahgg4 ,big>reau noire de ,spitz4 #f4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,spitz5s ,h]zkirs*e is a se$l+ f\nd 9 ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 ab\t #agij4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit usually borne 9 pairs1 l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 compress$2 suture %all[2 /em %ort2 cavity %all[2 sk9 glossy1 t5d]1 d>k r$di%-br[n *ang+ to black1 light] along ! suture2 fle% d>k r$1 t5d]1 fibr\s1 sweet1 aromatic :5 fully ripe2 /one ( m$ium size1 plump1 oval1 slightly adh]5t2 season late4 ,srdcovka v ,skalka4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ob/z*t] #h3ea4 #aiaj4 ,a ,he>t *]ry f\nd 9 ! m>kets ( ,brnn1 ,moravia1 ,au/ria4 ,/anapa4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 piss>di4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #acj3aij1 #aia4 #aiaa4 ,/anapa is a cross betwe5 ! ,s& ,*]ry & ,prunus piss>di1 int]e/+ only because ( its beautiful purple foliage4 ,/&>d4 ,p4 pumila4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #cec4 #ahif4 ,/&>d is a se$l+ ( ,prunus pumila1 ! ,s& ,*]ry1 gr[n by ! ,exp]im5t ,/ation at ,manitoba1 ,canada2 fruit l>ge1 a/r+5t4 ,/>r ,prolific4 ,species8 #a4 ,ont4 ,fr4 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,rpt4 #a3bb4 #ahid4 ,m5tion$ z gr[+ on ! gr\nds ( ,l4 ,woolv]ton1 ,grimsby1 ,ont>io1 ,canada4 ,/rass ,e>ly ,black4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dgc4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,agr4 ,gaz4 ,n4 ,s4 ,wales #ai3iif4 #aijh4 ,_m writ]s believe ,/rass ,e>ly ,black to be ,re9e ,hort5se4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit small1 p>tly cordate1 flatt5$ on "o side2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 set 9 a %all[ cavity2 sk9 d>k r$ becom+ almo/ black2 fle% r$di%-p9k1 r s(t1 sweet1 ) p9ki% juice2 /one l>ge4 ,/rauss4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abg4 #aijj4 ,/rauss ,wei*sel4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbh4 #ahhe4 #c4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #ag3aa4 #ahib4 ,?is is n ! ,/rauss ,wei*sel ( ,europe b "o ( ,budd's importations4 ,tree upright1 h>dy1 r\nd-topp$1 vigor\s1 unproductive2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 truncate1 flatt5$ at bo? ends2 cavity m$ium2 apex smoo?2 /em %ort1 sl5d]2 fle% d>k r$ almo/ black1 firm1 juicy1 sprightly1 acid1 a/r+5t2 /one small1 r\nd2 season ! la/ ( ,june4 ,/rauss ,wei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhi4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ejb-eje4 #ahai4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ei4 #aheh4 #d4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ha fig41 #hb4 #ahfg4 ,tree dw>fi%1 unproductive2 fruit on a s+le /em b sev]al come out ( "o bud & ! buds are closely set2 fruit l>ge1 flatt5$ at bo? ends2 apex slightly r\nd$2 /em long1 ?91 /raight2 color br[ni%-black2 fle% t5d]1 d>k r$1 ) abundant1 color$ juice2 quality good2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,/rik]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #da4 #ahie4 ,/rik] is a se$l+ ( ,napoleon gr[n by ,c4 ,e4 ,hosk9s1 ,spr+brook1 ,oregon4 ,fruit l>ge1 cordate2 cavity wide1 deep1 fl>+1 p9k2 /em ( m$ium l5g?1 sl5d]2 suture %all[2 sk9 ?ick1 t5d]1 glossy1 yell[1 wa%$ & mottl$ ) r$2 dots m9ute1 russet1 elongat$2 fle% yell[i%1 transluc5t1 fibr\s1 firm1 juicy1 mild1 sprightly2 v good2 pit ( m$ium size1 oval1 semi-cl++2 season ! la/ ( ,june to e>ly ,july4 ,/rip$-,leav$4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aea4 #ahcb4 ,c]asus hort5sis foliis elegant] v>iegatis4 #b4 ,mill] ,g>d4 ,dict4 #a3aged4 ,cultivat$ z an ornam5tal4 ,/u>t4 ,p4 avium4 ,/u>t orig9at$ f nurs]y-s[n pits & 0 propagat$ by ,c4 ,w4 ,/u>t ( ,new>k1 ,new ,york1 :o s5t trees to ?is ,/ation = te/+ 9 #aijj4 ,tree ( m$ium size1 vigor\s1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 cordate or incl9$ to conic1 compress$2 suture indi/9ct2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity deep1 wide1 obtuse2 sk9 ?91 t5d]2 color light r$ ov] a yell[i% backgr\nd *ang+ to d>k1 glossy r$2 fle% :iti%1 juicy1 t5d]1 meaty1 crisp1 mild1 sweet2 quality good2 rip5s 9 mid-season4 ,sucre ,lon ,lecl]c4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ai1 #bjf4 #ahgf ,guigne sucre de ,lon ,lecl]c4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ih4 #ahff4 #c4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cci1 #cdj fig4 #ahgg4 ,lon ,lecl]cs ,h]zkirs*e4 #d4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #ef4 #aijg4 ,?is v>iety orig9at$ ) ,lon ,lecl]c ( ,laval1 ,may5ne1 ,france1 ab\t #ahec4 ,tree small1 productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 borne 9 twos or ?rees1 cordate-ovoid2 /em long1 sl5d]1 ins]t$ 9 a cavity ( m$ium size2 sk9 deep rose-c>m9e2 fle% :iti%1 semi-t5d]1 v sug>y1 aromatic2 pit m$ium 9 size1 elongat$-oval2 rip5s ab\t ! end ( ,june4 ,summit4 ,p4 avium4 ,summit is a se$l+ s5t ?is ,/ation by ,isaiah ,l[]1 ,b>b]ton1 ,ohio4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,l[]1 ! tree is vigor\s & be>s l>ge1 d>k r$ *]ries1 v ri* 9 juice & ( a pleas+ ta/e4 ,ssse ,am>elle4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3h1 ,tab4 #bj fig4 #a4 #agib4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #fah1 #fai4 #ahai4 #c4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #hi fig41 #ij4 #ahfg4 #d4 ,ob]dieck ,ob/-,sort4 #cef1 #ceg4 #ahha4 ,spte ,am>elle incor4 #e4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bid4 #ahjb4 ,?is v>iety is probably ( ,fr5* orig94 ,tree m$ium 9 height1 bu%y1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 flatt5$ on bo? ends & on "o side giv+ x a f\r-angl$ appe>ance2 /em %ort1 /\t2 cavity flat1 %all[2 apex slightly depress$2 suture %ort1 slightly prom95t2 sk9 d>k r$1 ?91 t\gh1 sep>at+ readily f ! pulp2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 :ite1 sweet2 /one l>ge1 ?ick1 r\nd1 free2 season ! middle ( ,june4 ,ssse ,frhh]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #aed1 #aee1 #fgb4 #ahai4 ,fruit r small1 r\nd1 compress$ & m>k$ by a suture2 /em long1 sl5d]2 color d>k br[n1 becom+ black2 fle% t5d]1 sweet1 piquant2 /one l>ge1 adh]5t2 season ! end ( ,june4 ,ssse ,frhwei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhh4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ecf-ech4 #ahai4 #c4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgi4 #ahhi4 ,c]ise ,htive4 #d4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3bc1 #bd1 fig4 #aj4 #ahff-gc4 ,?is *]ry %\ld n be confus$ ) ! d>k-fle%$ v>iety1 ,griotte ,d\ce ,prcoce4 ,bran*es long1 flexible2 fruit usually borne 9 twos or ?rees1 ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$2 suture r di/9ct2 /em %ort1 set 9 a l>ge cavity2 sk9 t5d]1 cle> r$ becom+ d>k]2 fle% :iti%1 mild2 /one small1 r\ndi%2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,june4 ,ssse ,maih]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffb4 #agig4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #aaa-aae4 #ahai4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ai4 #aheh4 ,fruit r\nd1 m$ium 9 size2 suture indi/9ct2 sk9 black2 fle% d>k r$1 piquant2 /one small1 plump1 r\ndi%1 adh]5t along ! suture2 season ! middle ( ,june to ,july4 ,ssse ,spanis*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bcc-bce4 #ahai4 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #bjf4 #ahgf4 ,d\ce d',espagne4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ba1 #bb1 fig4 #aa4 #ahhb4 ,?is *]ry 0 s5t out by ,pa/or ,w9t] ( ,g]many 9 #agif z a se$l+ ( ,:ite ,spani%4 ,fruit above m$ium to l>ge1 cordate2 sides compress$ & m>k$ by a suture2 /em r long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a n>r[ cavity2 sk9 dull yell[1 spott$ ) r$1 (t5 dull2 fle% :iti%-yell[ ) a r$di% t+e ne> ! sk91 t5d]1 sweet2 /one small1 broadly cordate1 adh]5t2 season late4 ,ssskirs*e mit ,gefur/] ,bl!4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,swe$i%4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,cultivator ,n4 ,s4 #g3bgj4 #ahej4 ,swe$i% is "o ( ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&'s v>ieties1 possibly id5tical ) ,:ite ,he>t4 ,its /rik+ly rugose or wr9kl$ surface di/+ui%es x f o!r *]ries4 ,sweet ,montmor5cy4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhd4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aic fig4 #ahde4 ,all5's ,sweet ,montmor5cy4 #c4 ,bridgeman ,g>d4 ,ass't ,pt4 #c3ahc4 #ahdg4 ,! fruit ( ?is v>iety resembles ,montmor5cy 9 ext]nal appe>ance b x is ( a sweet1 delicate flavor & ! gr[? & habit ( ! tree is t ( a ,he>t4 ,probably x is a hybrid betwe5 a ,he>t & a ,morello or ,montmor5cy4 ,x 0 rais$ by ,j4 ,f4 ,all51 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts4 ,tree vigor\s1 some:at spread+2 fruit r small1 ne>ly r\nd2 suture %all[2 /em %ort2 cavity %all[2 sk9 pale amb] 9 ! %ade1 deep orange 9 ! sun1 becom+ d>k]1 & mottl$ ) yell[2 fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 high quality2 /one small1 r\nd1 slightly adh]5t2 season ! la/ ( ,july to ,augu/4 ,sweet ,morello4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,t>ascon ,kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #e fig41 #f4 #ahfg4 ,guigne de ,t>ascon4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3ei-fa1 fig4 #d1 #bai4 #ahff4 #c4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aii4 #ahgf4 #d4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ccf1 #ccg fig4 #ahgg4 ,t>ascon ,kirs*e orig9at$ 9 ,b\*es-du-,rhne1 ,france4 ,tree ( m$ium height1 mod]ately vigor\s2 fruit r l>ge1 usually atta*$ by f\rs1 obtuse-cordate1 surface irregul>2 suture indi/9ct2 /em r sl5d]1 m$ium 9 l5g?2 cavity (t5 %all[2 sk9 glossy1 *ang+ to ne>ly black2 fle% color$1 juicy1 t5d]1 sweet2 rip5s late 9 ,june4 ,t>dive d',avignon4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3aec1 #aed fig4 #ci1 #aee4 #ahff4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cie1 #cif fig4 #ahgg4 ,?is v>iety is gr[n at ,avignon1 ,vaucluse1 ,france4 ,tree vigor\s1 l>ge2 fruit usually atta*$ 9 pairs1 ( m$ium size1 compress$ at ! base1 mamelon at ! apex2 suture indi/9ct2 /em v long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a broad1 %all[ cavity2 apex prom95t2 sk9 ?9 b firm1 d>k glossy r$1 nev] becom+ black1 easily deta*$ f ! pulp2 fle% cle> blood-r$ nett$ ) :ite1 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 ) pron\nc$ acidity2 fir/ quality2 pit small1 r\ndi%1 mod]ately groov$2 matures at ! beg9n+ ( ,july4 ,t>dive de ,br$]ode4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aef4 #ahhb4 ,leaves & fl[]s describ$4 ,t>dive ,noire d',espagne4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,t>dive de ,pe9e4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,tecumseh4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjc4 #ahed4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3fe1 #ff1 fig4 #cc4 #ahhb4 ,tecumseh 0 rais$ 9 #ahdb by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtl&1 ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 f a pit ( ,yell[ ,spani%1 probably f]tiliz$ by ,black ,t>t>ian1 ,black ,mazz>d1 or ,may ,duke4 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s1 spread+1 h>dy1 productive2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 compress$1 ) a broad1 %all[ suture2 /em long1 mod]ately ?ick2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 deep r$di%-purple *ang+ to purpli%-black1 glossy1 sometimes mottl$ ) r$2 fle% r$di%-purple1 r t5d]1 v juicy1 sweet yet sprightly b n high flavor$2 quality good2 /one m$ium 9 size1 smoo?1 r\nd1 slightly elongat$2 rip5s f ! middle to ! end ( ,july4 ,temple4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,col4 ,o4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ca4 #ahib4 ,temple is a l>ge ,duke1 subacid 9 flavor1 rip5+ ab\t ,june #aj?4 ,tree an upright gr[]4 ,t]ry4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #afh4 #ahig4 #b4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abb4 #aijj4 #c4 ,budd-,hans5 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bhc4 #aijc4 ,t]ry ,e>ly4 #d4 ,/>k ,bros4 ,cat4 #ba4 #aiaj4 ,t]ry 0 probably import$ by ,h4 ,a4 ,t]ry1 ,cresc5t1 ,i[a1 f ,russia4 ,tree mod]ately upright1 h>dy2 fruit ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%1 flatt5$ lat]ally2 suture indi/9ct2 /em m$ium long2 cavity %all[2 sk9 t\gh1 slightly a/r+5t1 deep r$2 fle% meaty1 subacid1 color$2 /one small1 r\ndi%2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,?irty ,day4 ,species8 #a4 ,col4 ,o4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #i4 #ahij4 ,?irty ,day is said to rip5 ?irty days f ! "t ( blossom+4 ,x 0 gr[n by a ,mr4 ,irw9 ( ,fairfield ,c\nty1 ,ohio2 fruit l>ge & ( excell5t quality4 ,?ompson4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bij4 #ahhi4 ,?ompson is a se$l+ ( ,black ,t>t>ian1 :i* x closely resembles1 f ,napa ,c\nty1 ,cali=nia4 ,tree h>di] & ! fruit firm] ?an ,black ,t>t>ian4 ,?rn5 ,muskatell]kirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fhc4 #agig4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #agd-agg4 #ahai4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ce4 #aheh4 ,big>reauti] rameaux p5dants4 #d4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3he1 #hf1 ,pl4 #ahef4 #e4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bcc fig41 #bcd4 #ahgg4 ,muscat des ,l>mes4 #f4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cja4 #ahff4 ,?is old v>iety is said to h be5 introduc$ into ,g]many & ,france f ! ,isl& ( ,m9orca 9 ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,! bran*es v soon take on a droop+ habit :5ce its "n2 leaves long & n>r[1 pea*-l2 fruit l>ge1 (t5 borne 9 pairs1 flatt5$ at ! /em z well z at ! sides1 m>k$ by a suture2 sk9 d>k br[ni%-r$2 fle% d>k r$1 firm1 juicy2 excell5t2 /one plump1 oval2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,tilgn] ,ro! ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bed1 #bee4 #ahai4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3bg4 #aheh4 #c4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ajc fig41 #ajd4 #ahfj4 ,guigne de ,tilg5]4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cjb4 #ahff4 ,big>reau r\ge de ,tilg5]8 #e4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,?is v>iety is a se$l+ f ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many4 ,tree l>ge1 productive2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 cordate2 suture %all[2 /em m$ium to above 9 l5g?1 r deeply ins]t$2 color yell[i%1 spott$ & /reak$ ) r$ (t5 becom+ :olly r$2 fle% pale :ite1 juicy1 t5d]1 sweet1 aromatic2 quality v good2 /one oval1 acutely po9t$1 plump1 groov$2 rip5s at ! end ( ,june4 ,tilgn] ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #cc fig41 #cd4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #chj4 #ahhi4 ,big>reau noir de ,tilgn]4 #c4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bcj fig4 #ahgg4 ,ano!r se$l+ f ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many1 orig9at+ ab\t #aheb4 ,tree vigor\s1 heal?y1 productive2 fruit usually borne 9 ?rees1 v l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 (t5 po9t$1 compress$2 suture indi/9ct2 /em %ort1 /\t1 set 9 a deep1 r wide cavity2 sk9 mod]ately t5d]1 glossy1 black :5 ripe2 fle% r t5d]1 d>k r$1 aromatic1 pleas+2 /one ( m$ium size1 oval2 season late4 ,tobacco-,leav$4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abb1 #abc4 #ahcb4 ,ounce4 #b4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #ega4 #afbi4 ,c]ise ,feuilles big>res4 #c4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce4 #agga4 ,f\r to ! ,p\nd4 #d4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bfg-bgg4 #ahai4 #e4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #di4 #ahca4 *te 7se9 soll5de7 ,kirs*e ,vi] auf e9 ,pfund4 #f4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bhc1 #bhd1 #fgi4 #ahai4 ,big>reauti] gr&es feuilles4 #g4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #aj1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 ,gross blttrige ,molk5kirs*e4 #h4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ca4 #aheh4 ,big>reau ,feuilles de ,tabac4 #i4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bja fig41 #bjb1 #bjc1 #bjd4 #ahgg4 ,! foliage is an object ( curiosity 9 ?is v>iety1 ! leaves (t5 measur+ a foot 9 l5g? & f five to eight in*es 9 wid?4 ,! fruits are r bel[ m$ium 9 size4 ,! "y %oots pres5t a mu* undulat$ appe>ance4 ,! v>iety is evid5tly ( ,engli% orig91 be+ m5tion$ 9 #afbi1 by ,p>k9son4 ,fruit bel[ m$ium 9 size1 he>t-%ap$2 /em long1 sl5d]2 sk9 t5d]1 glossy1 yell[ ov]spread ) r$2 fle% firm1 transp>5t1 juicy1 ri*1 sweet2 /one ( m$ium size1 ovate2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,augu/4 ,toctonne ,prcoce4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aef4 #ahhb4 ,! fruit is n describ$4 ,tokeya4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 simonii4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ajh3,pl4 #d4 #aijh4 #b4 ,ibid4 #acj3ahh ,pl4 #ac1 #ahi4 #aiaa4 ,tokeya is a cross betwe5 ! ,s& ,*]ry & ! ,simon plum & 0 introduc$ z ,s\? ,dakota ,no4 #g by ! ,s\? ,dakota ,/ation4 ,! e>ly fruit+ & ! dw>f+ habit ( ! ,s& ,*]ries are v evid5t2 fruit "o & ?ree-eigh?s in*es 9 diamet]1 flat1 d>k r$2 fle% gre51 sprightly subacid1 int]m$iate betwe5 t ( ! two p>5ts2 ( good quality2 pit v small4 ,tomato4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ib4 #ahff4 ,pomme-d',am\r4 #b4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ba1 #bjc4 #ahgf4 ,love ,apple4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afc4 #ahha4 ,tomato is a ,duke *]ry ( ,spani% orig94 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-oblate1 (t5 depress$ or tomato-%ap$2 suture %all[2 apex a dot2 /em long1 sl5d]1 set 9 a l>ge1 broad1 mod]ately deep cavity2 sk9 yell[i%1 %ad$ ) r$2 fle% yell[i%1 t5d]1 juicy1 sprightly subacid2 quality v good2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,toronto4 ,species8 #a4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bb4 #ahib-ic4 #b4 ,agr4 ,gaz4 ,n4 ,s4 ,wales #ai3iih4 #aijh4 ,tree upright1 fairly vigor\s1 productive2 fruit borne 9 twos & ?rees1 small1 cordate1 flatt5$ on ! sides1 d>k r$2 fle% & juice d>k r$1 s(t4 ,t\pie4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3bgj4 #ahed4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3ag1 #ah1 fig4 #i4 #ahhb4 ,kreiselkirs*e4 #c4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #be fig41 #bf4 #ahfg4 ,big>reau ,t\pie4 #d4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bdf1 #bdg fig4 #ahgg4 ,a peculi> top-%ap$ fruit rais$ by ,m4 ,d5is ,h5r>d ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,liege1 ,belgium4 ,tree vigor\s1 mod]ately productive2 fruit l>ge1 elongat$1 po9t$-cordate1 sides slightly compress$2 suture indi/9ct2 /em mod]ately long1 sl5d]1 (t5 curv$1 ins]t$ 9 a n>r[1 %all[ cavity2 sk9 pale r$ becom+ d>k]2 fle% half-t5d]1 juicy1 d>k r$ :]e expos$1 sweet1 acidulat$2 pit l>ge1 oval1 tap]+ t[>d ! apex1 plump2 rip5s at ! la/ ( ,june4 ,t[ns5d4 ,p4 c]asus4 ,t[ns5d is a /rong1 vigor\s1 productive *]ry gr[n by ,w4 ,p4 ,t[ns5d1 ,lockport1 ,new ,york4 ,fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 ) a high %\ld]1 compress$2 suture di/9ct2 /em long1 r sl5d]1 set 9 a broad1 some:at deep cavity2 sk9 light amb]1 mottl$ & %ad$ ) c>m9e2 fle% almo/ t5d]1 juicy1 sprightly1 refre%+2 pit small2 rip5s late 9 ,june4 ,transp>5t4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ib4 #ahff4 ,transp>5t 0 gr[n by ,m4 ,de ,jonghe ( ,brussels1 ,belgium1 f se$ ( ,montmor5cy4 ,fruit above m$ium 9 size1 oblate1 ) a fa9t suture :i* is di/9ctly m>k$ at ! apex2 sk9 pale r$1 ?91 transp>5t1 %[+ ! fibr\s fle% b5ea?2 fle% t5d]1 melt+1 sweet1 delici\s4 ,transp>5t ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,=sy? ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees #dc4 #ahjc4 #b4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aai4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agg4 #ahde4 ,jahns ,dur*si*tige4 #d4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #adc fig41 #add4 #ahfj4 ,transp>5t de ,jahn4 #e4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3fe1 #ff1 fig4 #ca4 #ahff-gc4 ,?is is a ,european *]ry =m]ly gr[n to "s ext5t 9 ,am]ica4 ,tree mod]ately vigor\s1 erect at fir/2 fruit small1 borne 9 pairs1 regul>1 oval-cordate2 /em r long1 ins]t$ 9 a n>r[ cavity2 suture a wide1 d>k l9e2 sk9 ?91 glossy1 pellucid1 %[+ ! /one1 yell[i%-:ite1 blot*$ ) f9e r$2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 ) a r$di% ca/1 t5d]1 juicy1 aromatic2 /one m$ium 9 size1 oval1 free2 rip5s late 9 ,june4 ,transp>5te de ,meylan4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bh4 #ahgf4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 transp>5t2 fle% delicate1 f9e1 acid at fir/ becom+ sug>y2 rip5s at ! end ( ,may4 ,transp>5te de ,riv]s4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #ag1 #bjg4 #ahgf4 ,?is is an ,engli% v>iety introduc$ into ,france ab\t #ahfe4 ,fruit l>ge1 sph]ical1 depress$1 ) a spott$ rose-c>m9e color2 fle% firm1 juicy1 sug>y1 slightly acidulat$2 fir/ quality2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,transp>5te de ,sieb5freund4 ,species8 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bh4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #aa4 #ahie4 ,a l>ge1 beautiful *]ry rip5+ ! la/ ( ,june f ,m4 ,sieb5freund1 a druggi/ at ,tyrnau1 nor?we/]n ,hung>y4 ,triomphe de ,faus94 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,tropri*t]s ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bjf1 #fgf1 #fgg4 #ahai4 ,guigne ,tropri*tz4 #b4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cdj1 #cda fig4 #ahgg4 ,an old ,g]man v>iety4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-oval2 sk9 cle> r$ becom+ m int5se2 fle% juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 ( good quality2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,june4 ,tru*sess ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #chj4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ b n describ$4 ,tubbs4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3hf4 #aijc4 ,tubbs orig9at$ 9 ,i[a ,city1 ,i[a4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 oblate1 slightly cordate2 /em long1 r /\t1 ins]t$ 9 a deep1 n>r[ op5+2 suture v indi/9ct2 apex convex2 sk9 ?ick1 d>k r$2 fle% color$1 crisp1 meaty1 slightly acid1 juicy2 quality v good2 /one small1 r\nd2 rip5s late 9 ,june4 ,trk9e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #ffg4 #agig4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bfe-bfg4 #ahai4 #c4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #aji fig41 #aaj4 #ahfj4 ,*ri/ once label$ ! ,flam5t9]1 ,trk9e1 :i* has giv5 rise to "s confusion4 ,! true ,trk9e 0 s5t out by ,sello z ,runde ,weisse ,spte ,kirs*e4 ,tree n v vigor\s or productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 v broad1 cordate2 suture indi/9ct2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity v>iable2 sk9 spott$ ) r$ & yell[2 fle% s(t] ?an mo/ ,he>ts1 :ite1 juicy2 quality v good2 /one plump1 r\ndi%2 rip5s late 9 ,july4 ,turkirs*e ,grosse4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aa4 #ahie4 ,a ,g]man v>iety :i* resembles ,elton2 fruit l>ge1 po9t$2 fle% :ite1 sweet2 fir/ quality2 rip5s ?r\gh\t ,july4 ,turn] ,late4 ,species8 #a4 ,van ,l9dley ,cat4 #cg4 #ahii4 ,a productive black *]ry ( m$ium size rip5+ ! middle ( ,june4 ,twy=d4 ,species8 #a4 ,agr4 ,gaz4 ,n4 ,s4 ,wales #ai3iig4 #aijh4 ,tree vigor\s1 upright-spread+1 productive2 fruit borne s+ly & 9 pairs1 above m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%-cordate1 flatt5$2 /em sl5d]1 long2 sk9 yell[1 mottl$ ) bright1 light r$2 fle% r firm1 :iti%1 t+$ r$ ne> ! sk91 ) cle> juice2 good2 rip5s 9 ,new ,s\? ,wales 9 ,novemb]4 ,uhlhorns ,trau]kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bh4 #ahgf4 ,?omas /ates t ?is is a weep+ *]ry f ,g]many2 fruit l>ge & v good4 ,ung>is*e ,wei*sel4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fa4 #aheh4 ,s*w>ze ,ung>is*e ,kirs*e4 #b4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhd4 #ahjb4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #ehh1 #ehi4 #ahai4 ,?is *]ry %\ld n be confus$ ) ! ,grosse ,ung>is*e ,kirs*e :i* is a ,he>t :ile ?is is a ,morello4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\nd1 compress$2 suture indi/9ct2 /em sl5d]1 long1 %all[ly ins]t$2 color black2 fle% firm1 t5d]1 subacid1 ) d>k r$ juice2 pit small1 elongat$-oval2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,ur9all4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egb4 #afbi4 ,! ,ur9all ,*]rie 9 a mo/ fruitfull ye>e is a small be>]1 hav+ _m ye>es none1 & ! be/ b a few2 yet do? blossome pl5tifully e ye>e = ! mo/ "p3 ! *]rie is long & r\nd1 l unto an ,ur9all1 f :5ce x tooke 8 "n2 r$di% :5 x is full ripe1 & ( an indiff]5t sweete relli%4 ,u?a4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,m9n4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #eg4 #ahid4 ,spok5 ( by ,joseph ,wood1 ,w9dom1 ,m9nesota1 z a h>dy b almo/ wor?less fruit2 unproductive4 ,van ,gaasbeck4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fg4 #ahge4 ,a se$l+ *]ry ( extrord9>y keep+ quality exhibit$ by ,w4 ,van ,gaasbeck1 ,hudson1 ,new ,york4 ,! fruit is ( m$ium size ) firm1 sweet fle%4 ,vanskike4 ,species8 #a4 ,trans4 ,cal4 ,agr4 ,soc4 #dgb4 #ahgc4 ,a fle%-color$ *]ry li/$ z be+ cultivat$ successfully 9 ,cali=nia4 ,vaughn4 ,species8 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m4 ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3fb4 #aijj4 ,li/$ z m$ium 9 gr[?2 fruit n describ$4 ,vels]4 ,p4 avium ,x ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #ed1 #ee4 #agij4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cid-cih4 #ahai4 ,prague ,t>dif 7,muscadt de74 #c4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #db4 #agga4 ,wanfri$] ,wei*sel4 #d4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fgb4 #agig4 ,d\ce de ,palat9at4 #e4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3bgj4 #ahed4 ,pflz] ,ssswei*sel4 #f4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3di4 #aheh4 ,c]ise du ,palat9at4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3aec1 #aed1 fig4 #ge4 #ahff-gc4 ,tree ( m$ium gr[?2 bran*es long1 /raight2 fruit above m$ium 9 size1 obtuse-cordate1 di/+ui%+ x f o!r d>k ,dukes1 compress$2 suture di/9ct2 /em long2 color d>k r$2 fle% color$1 fibr\s1 juicy1 sweet ) a pleas+ subacid flavor2 /one small1 broad1 cordate1 adh]+ to bo? /em & fle%4 ,v ,l>ge ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,ve/a4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #bfb4 #ahib4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aej4 #ahie4 ,ve/a is a se$l+ ( ,napoleon :i* orig9at$ ) ,c4 ,e4 ,hosk9s1 ,newb]g1 ,oregon2 fruit ( m$ium size1 obtuse-cordate1 v d>k2 fle% firm1 sweet2 quality good2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june4 ,vilna ,sweet4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ccj4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3ca4 #aiaj4 ,vilna ,sweet 0 import$ by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd f ,vilna1 ,russia4 ,?is v>iety %[s mu* promise 9 ! ,we/ z a local sort b is too t5d] to %ip4 ,tree ( m$ium size1 upright1 v h>dy1 free f diseases2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi% to oblong1 compress$2 /em long1 sl5d]2 cavity r deep1 n>r[1 (t5 lipp$ on ! side %[+ a suture2 color r$1 (t5 entirely cov]+ ! yell[ gr\nd2 fle% :iti%1 t+$ ) p9k1 t5d] b meaty1 sprightly1 subacid becom+ sweet2 pit free1 l>ge1 ovate1 plump1 smoo?2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july hang+ to ! tree until ! la/ ( ,augu/4 ,violet4 ,p4 c]asus4 ,accord+ to a lett] f ,h4 ,back ,sons1 ,new ,tr5ton1 ,indiana1 ,violet resembles ,engli% ,morello b is m r\nd & n z acid4 ,virg9ia ,may ,duke4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bbj4 #ahed4 #b4 ,hoop] ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #bfi4 #aheg4 ,a small1 cordate1 bright r$1 second rate ,mazz>d *]ry4 ,vi/ula4 ,species8 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #adi4 #ahif4 ,m5tion$ z plant$ & z hav+ be5 kill$ by ! w9t]4 ,voronezh ,no4 #bg4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #gf4 #ahij4 ,a promis+1 vigor\s v>iety import$ "u ?is numb] f ,voronezh1 ,russia2 ,fruit v l>ge1 bright r$1 r\nd1 some:at flatt5$2 fle% juicy1 subacid2 pit small4 season v late4 ,waba%4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #da4 #ahie4 ,waba% 0 introduc$ by ,samuel ,k9sey1 ,k9sey1 ,ohio1 ! orig9al tree hav+ /ood s9ce #ahdh on ! gr\nds ( ,mrs4 ,ell5 ,pawl+s1 ,waba%1 ,indiana4 ,fruit borne s+ly1 ( ! ,morello type1 r\ndi%-oblate1 above m$ium 9 size1 surface smoo?2 cavity l>ge1 wide1 deep1 fl>+2 /em long1 sl5d]1 curv$2 suture a %all[ l9e2 sk9 ?91 t\gh1 glossy1 bright crimson turn+ to d>k r$2 dots v small1 ind5t$2 fle% yell[i%1 ve9$1 transluc5t1 t5d]1 melt+1 subacid1 ri*2 quality v good2 season a week lat] ?an ,e>ly ,ri*mond4 ,wa*ampa4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 triflora4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #acj3aha4 #aiaa4 ,wa*ampa is a cross betwe5 ! ,s& ,*]ry & ! ,occid5t plum4 ,fruit an in* to an in* & "o qu>t] 9 diamet]2 sk9 bitt]1 d>k purple2 fle% & juice d>k purple4 ,wagn]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3ca4 #aiaj4 ,tree upright1 r\nd-topp$1 ) long bran*es2 fruit m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi%-oblate2 /em %ort1 /\t2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 d>k r$2 fle% yell[1 meaty1 melt+1 sweet1 ) a slight acidity2 quality good2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,w>n]4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #aj3bdg4 #ahei4 ,w>n] is a suppos$ se$l+ ( ,am]ican ,amb] gr[n by ,ma!w ,g4 ,w>n]1 ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york2 fruit amb] to v d>k r$ :]e expos$2 /em long1 sl5d]2 fle% firm1 juicy1 sweet2 rip5s late 9 ,july4 ,w>r5 ,transp>5t4 ,species8 #a4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bcg4 #ahdi4 ,orig9at$ ) a ,mr4 ,w>r51 ,brighton1 ,massa*usetts4 ,fruit r\ndi%-cordate2 sk9 pale yell[ & r$2 fle% v t5d]1 transp>5t2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july4 ,wa%+ton ,purple4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,wat]h\se4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #be4 #ahid4 ,?is v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,dr4 ,w>r5 ,wat]h\se1 #ahgc1 ( ,monm\?1 ,oregon4 ,fruit ( ! ,big>reau class1 l>ge1 compress$1 he>t-%ap$2 cavity l>ge1 r\nd2 /em long1 sl5d]2 suture a l9e2 sk9 firm1 smoo?1 gli/5+1 yell[i%-:ite ) a bright r$ *eek1 (t5 ne>ly solid r$2 dots num]\s1 v small2 fle% :iti%1 t+$ yell[1 firm1 juicy1 v9\s1 sprightly2 quality v good4 ,weep+4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aec4 #ahcb4 ,weep+ or ,p5dul\s ,morello4 #b4 ,fi% ,h>dy-,fr4 ,bk4 #b3ajf4 #ahhb4 ,"u ! "n ,weep+ are includ$ _m v>ieties ) a droop+ or p5dulant habit & mo/ly ( ornam5tal value only4 ,?is v>iety1 li/$ by ,pr9ce1 al?\gh mu* l ,t\ssa9t1 has bran*es m p5dant ?an ^? ( o!r weep+ *]ries4 ,! ,weep+ or ,p5dul\s ,morello ( ,fi% is includ$ "h4 ,! head 9 ?is v>iety seldom exce$s f\r or five feet 9 diamet]1 & ! sl5d] bran*es droop on all sides until !y trail on ! gr\nd2 ! fruit is ( m$ium size & :5 fully ripe is ( a pleasant acid flavor4 ,weep+ ,black ,big>reau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #af4 #ahgi4 ,trau]knorpelkirs*e4 #b4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3dj4 #aheh4 ,big>reau pleureur4 #c4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bc4 #ahgf4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ black ,big>reaus4 ,x diff]s f o!r sorts ( its class 9 ! weep+ habit ( ! tree2 v ornam5tal4 ,weep+ ,napoleon4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ec4 #ahga4 ,a se$l+ ( ,napoleon introduc$ by a ,mr4 ,d\gall1 ,w9dsor1 ,ont>io4 ,if budd$ high ! bran*es are p5dul\s1 :i*1 ) ! l>ge1 d>k fruit1 makes a h&some ornam5tal4 ,weis1 ,ro? und ,ros5f>big ,m>morirte ,kramelkirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3c1 ,tab4 #f fig4 #b4 #agib4 ,fle% :ite1 break+1 firm1 ) colorless juice1 pleas+2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,weisse ,ros5ro? ,m>morirte ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhj4 #ahjb4 ,weiss und hellro? gefleckte grosse ,kramelkirs*e4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,au/4 #a3c1 ,tab4 #f fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,fle% :ite1 less firm ?an o!rs ( ?is class2 juice colorless2 /one yell[i%2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,weisse ,m&elkirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 #eh4 #aijg4 ,li/$1 n describ$4 ,well+ton4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ef4 #ahca4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bbj4 #ahed4 ,well+ton's ,wei*sel4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fj4 #aheh4 ,griotte de ,well+ton4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3cjg4 #ahff4 ,m5tion$ by ,elliott 9 #ahed z unwor?y ( fur!r culture4 ,big>reau ,well+ton1 (t5 us$ z a synonym ( ,napoleon1 %\ld n be mi/ak5 = ?is ,morello ( suppos$ly ,engli% orig94 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 cordate2 /em long2 sk9 ?91 glossy1 black2 fle% firm1 d>k r$1 mod]ately juicy1 pleasant subacid2 /one elongat$1 cordate1 free2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,w5dell ,mottl$4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3did fig4 #ahdg4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bac4 #ahed4 #c4 ,h(fy ,n4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,pl4 #ahfj4 ,w5dell ,mottl$ 0 rais$ f a se$ ( ,yell[ ,spani% plant$ 9 #ahdj1 by ,dr4 ,h]man ,w5dell1 ,albany1 ,new ,york4 ,tree upright1 ?rifty1 be>s e>ly & abundantly2 fruit l>ge1 obtuse-cordate1 ) a di/9ct suture2 /em long1 r /\t1 set 9 a mod]ately deep cavity2 sk9 d>k purpli%-r$1 mottl$ & /reak$1 ne>ly black2 fle% deep crimson1 firm1 crisp1 juicy2 /one small2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,w5zlecks ,bunte ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,w]d] ,e>ly ,black4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #afi4 #ahde4 #b4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #ec fig41 #ed4 #ahfj4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ic4 #ahff4 ,w]d]s*e ,s*w>ze ,all]frhe/e ,h]zkirs*e4 #d4 ,*ri/ ,h&b4 #fhc4 #agig4 #e4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #aji-aaa4 #ahai4 ,guigne ,htive de ,w]d]4 #f4 ,mortillet ,le ,c]isi] #b3hb1 #cjj4 #ahff4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,v]g] #h3bg1 #bh1 fig4 #ab4 #ahff-gc4 ,big>reau ,w]d]4 #h4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bea fig4 #ahgg4 ,?is *]ry 0 receiv$ by ,tru*sess 9 #agid1 f ,*ri/2 ( unkn[n orig94 ,tree /rong & upright 9 gr[?1 v productive2 fruit valuable = its e>l9ess1 r l>ge1 flatt5$-cordate1 ) a deep suture on "o side2 /em ( m$ium l5g? & ?ickness1 ins]t$ 9 a r small cavity2 sk9 ?91 r deep purple *ang+ to purpli%-black2 fle% deep purple1 ) abundant color$ juice1 firm1 t5d]1 sweet1 yet mod]ately sprightly & aromatic2 quality good2 /one l>ge1 ovate1 flatt5$ at ! base2 rip5s f ! la/ ( ,may to ! fir/ ( ,june4 ,w]d]'s*e ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #chb4 #ahhi4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,:eel]4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3hg4 #aijc4 ,a h>dy se$l+ ( ,engli% ,morello orig9at+ ) ,h4 ,j4 ,:eel]1 ,c>n=?1 ,i[a4 ,:ite ,big>reau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #bje3bh4 #aijc4 ,?is v>iety 0 receiv$ by ! ,mi*igan ,/ation f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 #ahie2 x is betwe5 ! ,duke & ! ,morello 9 type4 ,tree l[1 sl[ 9 gr[?2 fruit l>ge1 light r$1 slightly d>k] on "o side2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sprightly subacid4 ,:ite ,fr5*4 ,species8 #a4 ,pa4 ,fr4 ,gr4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aa4 #ahha4 ,spok5 ( z do+ well 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,:ite ,fr5* ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,b>ry ,fr4 ,g>d5 #cbc4 #ahea4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #c4 ,g>v9 ,son ,cat4 #ah4 #ahib4 ,a di/9ct1 r l>ge *]ry li/$ 9 ! fruit catalog ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society = #ahfb4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit creamy-:ite2 fle% t5d]1 melt+1 juicy1 sweet2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,:ite ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,li/$1 n describ$4 ,:ite ,hung>ian ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,a t5d]-fle%$1 obtuse-cordate *]ry1 amb] 9 color1 rip5+ 9 ,july2 second quality4 ,:ite ,mazz>d4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mann+ ,book ( ,fruits #aaa4 #ahch4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhe4 #ahdb4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aga4 #ahde4 ,:ite ,mazz>d orig9at$ ) ,rob]t ,mann+ at ,salem1 ,massa*usetts1 f a se$ ( ,:ite ,big>reau4 ,d[n+ consid]$ x simil> to ,black ,mazz>d1 except 9 color4 ,tree h&some1 upright 9 gr[?1 productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 cordate1 ( a cream color1 ) a bright r$ *eek2 n ( ! f9e/ flavor2 rip5s late4 ,:ite ,spani%4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,p>k9son ,p>4 ,t]4 #egb4 #afbi4 #b4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #fa1 #fb1 #fc4 #agij4 #c4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #cag-cbj4 #ahai4 #d4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 #abg fig41 #abh4 #ahfj4 ,?is v>iety & ,yell[ ,spani% are mu* alike 9 appe>ance yet ! be/ ,european au?orities consid] !m di/9ct4 ,tree heal?y1 n l>ge1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 some:at compress$2 /em long2 cavity depress$ on ! v5tral side2 color waxy yell[1 /reak$ & dott$ ) r$2 fle% yell[i%1 firm1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasant2 rip5s late4 ,:ite ,t>t>ian4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aad4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agh4 #ahde4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cae4 #ahhd4 ,fras]'s ,:ite ,t>t>ian4 #d4 ,=sy? ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees #dc4 #ahjc4 ,a v>iety ) ?is "n 0 gr[n = _m ye>s 9 ,am]ica :i* 0 f9ally prov$ by ,william ,pr9ce to be a sub-v>iety ( ! ,:ite ,he>t4 ,tree vigor\s1 erect1 usually productive2 fruit r small1 r\ndi%1 incl9$ to obtuse-cordate2 /em long1 sl5d]2 sk9 transp>5t1 pale yell[1 approa*+ amb] on ! expos$ *eek2 fle% :iti%-yell[1 ne>ly t5d]1 juicy1 pleasant1 brisk subacid becom+ sweet2 v good 9 quality2 /one l>ge1 oval2 season e>ly4 ,:ite ,transp>5t4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ef4 #ahca4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,wi]'s ,se$l+s4 ,d4 ,b4 ,wi]1 ,lacon1 ,ill9ois1 dissem9at$ sev]al se$l+s :i* he select$ f a l>ge numb] orig9at$ by him4 ,wi] ,no4 #b4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #di3dec4 #ahij4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #cg4 #aijd-je4 ,?is *]ry is said to be a se$l+ ( ,e>ly ,ri*mond b ( ! ,morello type4 ,tree m$ium to l>ge1 upright-spread+1 fruit+ regul>ly2 fruit ( m$ium size1 oblate-conic2 cavity %all[1 broad2 /em %ort2 suture slight2 color d>k r$2 fle% firm1 meaty1 d>k r$1 mildly subacid2 quality fair2 /one oval2 prec$es ,e>ly ,ri*mond4 ,wi] ,no4 #aa4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #cg4 #aijd-je4 ,tree upright1 productive1 h>dy2 fruit cordate1 black2 juice d>k1 sweet] ?an _m ( ! s\r sorts2 rip5s e>li] ?an ,nor?we/ & ,e>ly ,ri*mond4 ,wi] ,no4 #ab4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3hh4 #aijc4 ,sometimes li/$ z ,wi]1 be+ "o ( ! be/ ( ,mr4 ,wi]'s se$l+s b only mod]ately productive4 ,tree ( m$ium size1 slightly spread+2 fruit ( m$ium size1 elongat$-cordate2 cavity r deep & broad2 /em /\t1 r long2 suture obscure2 sk9 ?ick1 t5d]1 d>k r$2 fle% firm1 crisp1 ) slightly color$ juice1 sprightly subacid2 quality fair2 /one l>ge1 oval2 season f ,july #ab? to #bj?2 ! late/ ( ! ,wi] se$l+s4 ,wi] ,no4 #ac4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3aij4 #ahig4 ,tree upright1 ) scant foliage2 fruit ( m$ium size2 sk9 d>k r$1 t\gh2 fle% slightly color$1 mild2 prec$es ,e>ly ,ri*mond2 ( no value4 ,wi] ,no4 #ai4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3aij4 #ahig4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 oval1 d>k r$2 wor?less4 ,wi] ,no4 #bd4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3hh4 #aijc4 ,tree m$ium 9 gr[?1 upright-spread+2 fruit conical1 cordate1 ( m$ium size2 cavity %all[2 /em ( m$ium l5g?2 suture indi/9ct2 sk9 smoo?1 d>k r$2 fle% firm1 light yell[1 juicy1 sprightly subacid2 quality fair2 /one almo/ sph]ical1 smoo?2 rip5s ! middle ( ,june2 n wor?y ( fur!r trial4 ,wi] ,no4 #dd4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #gc3hh4 #aijc4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #ch4 #aijd-je4 ,tree m$ium 9 gr[?1 upright-spread+2 fruit small to m$ium1 oblate2 cavity %all[2 /em %ort2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 light r$2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 acid2 good2 season late ,june2 less productive ?an ,no4 #b4 ,wild ,ross-%ire4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eg4 #ahca4 ,a small1 wild1 r\nd1 r$ fruit ) juicy fle%1 rip5+ 9 ,july2 alli$ to ! ,k5ti%4 ,wilde ,bunte ,m>morkirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ch4 #aheh4 ,di/+ui%$ f ! ,wild ,r$ ,bird *]ry by its firm] fle% & lat] rip5+4 ,x gr[s wild & is sometimes cultivat$ along ! highways2 rip5s ! middle ( ,augu/4 ,wilhelm9e ,kle9di5/4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,?omas ,guide ,prat4 #bj4 #ahgf4 ,( ,g]man orig92 vigor\s & productive2 fruit l>ge1 brilliant r$di%-br[n2 fle% firm1 agreeably sweet2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,wilk9son4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhd4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,b>ry ,fr4 ,g>d5 #cbc4 #ahea4 #c4 ,d[n+ ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dgf4 #ahfi4 ,wilk9son is ?\ght by ,hovey to be a native ( ,rhode ,isl&4 ,tree vigor\s1 productive2 fruit ( m$ium size1 resembl+ ,black ,he>t b is m sprightly2 rip5s ! middle ( ,july4 ,willamette4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #abg4 #ahge4 #b4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bij4 #ahhi4 #c4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3fb4 #aijj4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aib4 #aijg4 ,willamette orig9at$ ) ,se? ,lewell+1 ,milwaukee1 ,oregon1 f a se$ ( ,napoleon4 ,tree /rong 9 gr[?2 fruit l>ge1 light r$2 fle% :iti%1 firm1 juicy1 sweet1 ) a pleasant flavor2 rip5s 9 ! ,nor?we/ 9 late ,june4 ,willis ,e>ly4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt4 #dfe4 #aijj4 #b4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3fb4 #aijj4 ,tree vigor\s 9 gr[?2 fruit ( m$ium size1 obtuse-cordate2 sk9 yell[1 mottl$ ) r$2 fle% yell[i%-:ite1 juicy1 t5d]1 sweet2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,may4 ,will[-,leav$4 ,p4 avium ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,pr9ce ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ada4 #ahcb4 ,may ,duke1 ,will[-leav$4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 ,griotti] feuilles de ,p*]4 #c4 ,k5rick ,am4 ,or*4 #bhj4 #ahcb4 ,weid5blttrige ,ssswei*sel4 #d4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3dg4 #aheh4 ,c]isi] de ,holl&e feuilles de saule ou de balsam9e4 #e4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 #b3eje4 #ahfj4 ,griotti] feuilles de ,saule4 #f4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bhg fig41 #bhh4 #ahgg4 ,c]isi] ,feuilles de ,saule4 #g4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,! ,will[-,leav$ *]ry seems to h orig9at$ 9 ,holl& & has be5 kn[n s9ce ! middle ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,x diff]s f ,may ,duke 9 ! size & ! %ape ( ! foliage4 ,x is n only cultivat$ = its s+ul> foliage b also = its f9e fruit4 ,if ! tree gr[s rapidly ! leaves are said to assume normal %ape4 ,w9kl] ,black4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,c4 ,exp4 ,f>m ,bul4 #bnd ,s]4 #c3fb4 #aijj4 ,w9ckl]s s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 #b4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #bjf1 #fgf4 #ahai4 ,w9kl]'s s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e4 #c4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ce4 #aheh4 ,big>reau noir ,w9kl]4 #d4 ,l]oy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bca fig4 #ahgg4 ,?is is a se$l+ f ,gub51 ,prussia1 ,g]many4 ,fruit borne 9 pairs ( m$ium size1 broad1 obtuse-cordate1 compress$2 suture indi/9ct2 sk9 d>k r$2 fle% pale r$1 firm1 aromatic1 subacid1 pleas+2 pit r l>ge1 oval2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,july2 n v productive4 ,w9t] ,s*w>ze4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eg4 #ahca4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,wohltrag5de ,hollndis*e ,kirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,tru*sess-,heim ,kirs*5sort4 #eia-eic4 #ahai4 #b4 ,ma?ieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #chb4 #ahhi4 ,grosse wohltrag5de hollndis*e ,morell4 #c4 ,*ri/ ,wrt]b4 #bhh4 #ahjb4 ,fruit l>ge1 sides unequally compress$2 suture indi/9ct2 /em m$ium 9 l5g?1 set 9 a l>ge cavity2 sk9 t\gh1 d>k br[n :5 ripe2 fle% fibr\s1 cle> r$1 d>k] ne> ! /one1 ) color$ juice1 pleas+ly s\r2 /one long1 color$2 rip5s late 9 ,july4 ,yan4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #fa3egg fig4 #bce4 #aijb4 #b4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3cb4 #aiaj4 ,yan is a se$l+ gr[n by ,se? ,lewell+ ( ,milwaukee1 ,oregon2 nam$ = a fai?ful ,*9ese workman4 ,fruit l>ge1 r\ndi%-cordate1 ) a di/9ct suture on "o side2 /em long1 /\t2 sk9 t\gh1 d>k purpli%-r$2 fle% /reak$ & fleck$ ) light r$1 firm1 juicy1 mild subacid2 v late2 productive4 ,yell[ ,glass4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ia4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ai3eea4 #ahib4 #b4 ,ibid4 #gc3hi4 #aijc4 #c4 ,wa%4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ib3cb4 #aiaj4 ,yell[ ,glass 0 introduc$ f ,nor? ,silesia by ,pr(essor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 ,ames1 ,i[a4 ,tree l>ge1 upright1 ) abundant foliage2 fruit m$ium to above 9 size1 r\ndi%-cordate2 cavity deep2 /em long2 suture a l9e2 sk9 ?91 t\gh1 light lemon 9 color2 fle% firm1 yell[1 meaty1 sweet1 ) colorless juice2 quality good2 /one l>ge1 r\nd1 cl++4 ,"y ,l>ge ,black ,he>t4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pione] ,nur4 ,cat4 #af4 #aije-jf4 ,m]ely li/$ 9 ! ref]5ce giv54 ,yuksa4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 arm5iaca4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #ajh3aijh4 ,yuksa is not$ 9 ! ref]5ce z a cross betwe5 ! ,s& ,*]ry & ! ,new ,l>ge ,apricot4 ,zimmtkirs*e4 ,p4 c]asus4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3fd4 #aheh4 ,fruit m$ium 9 size1 r\nd1 flatt5$ at ! /em1 )\t a suture2 cavity deep2 /em long2 sk9 ?91 d>k r$ almo/ black2 fle% aromatic1 subacid2 /one oval-po9t$4 ,zweif>bige ,kirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,ma?ieu ,nom ,pom4 #chb4 #ahhi4 ,bicolor4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,li/$ )\t a description4 ,zwitt]kirs*e4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,g54 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,m5tion$ 9 ?is ref]5ce4 ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,do*nahl ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde #c3ce4 #aheh4 ,fruit l>ge1 elongat$1 sides /rongly compress$2 suture %all[2 apex depress$2 sk9 r$di%-black2 fle% v d>k r$1 pleas+1 slightly sweet2 rip5s 9 late ,july4 #hd ,*>les ,d[n+1 ^: lik5ess we %[ 9 ! frontispiece1 0 born at ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 ,july #i1 #ahjb4 ,he sp5t 8 life 9 ! place ( 8 bir?1 dy+ ,janu>y #ah1 #ahhe4 ,8 p>5ts 7 natives ( ,lex+ton1 ,massa*usetts1 :o %ortly be=e ! bir? ( ,*>les ,d[n+1 ! elde/ son1 came to ,newburgh1 ! fa!r e/abli%+ a %op = ! manufacture ( wagons1 a bus9ess :i* he soon ab&on$ to become a nurs]yman4 ,"h1 9 ! fir/ successful nurs]y e/abli%$ 9 ! region1 7 tra9$ ,*>les & ,&rew ,d[n+1 receiv+ "u ! c>eful guidance ( ! fa!r a k ( ! bus9ess & ( fruits :i* ) lat] self in/ruction made !m ! mo/ di/+ui%$ pomologi/s ( _! day4 ,) ! dea? ( ! fa!r 9 #ahbb1 be=e ,*>les _h obta9$ 8 majority1 ! responsibility ( conduct+ ! bus9ess & ! support ( ! family devolv$ ^u him4 ,&rew ,j41 ! y\ng] bro!r1 9 #ahcd1 at ! age ( #ai1 unit$ ) ,*>les 9 ! managem5t ( ! nurs]y bus9ess "u ! firm "n ( ,c4 ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+1 a p>tn]%ip :i* la/$ only until #ahci4 ,*>les cont9u$ 9 ! nurs]y bus9ess = _m ye>s dur+ :i* "t he became ! =emo/ pomologi/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ev5tually1 ab\t #ahej1 sold 8 hold+s to devote himself to ! /udy ( v>ieties ( fruits & ! revision ( ! ,fruits & ,fruit ,trees ( ,am]ica4 ,?is great pomological book 0 project$ & publi%$ by ,&rew b mo/ ( ! "w ( ! book z x is n[ kn[n 0 done by ,*>les 9 revis+ ! orig9al & add+ to its _m editions4 ,x is & has long be51 z all "k1 ! highe/ au?ority on ,am]ican fruits4 ,naturally ( an inquir+ turn ( m9d ,*>les ,d[n+ /udi$ closely ! qualities ( ! v>ieties t came "u 8 obs]vation & seldom describ$ )\t ! fruit 9 h&4 ,8 v>iety or*>d is said to h conta9$ at "o "t #a1hjj v>ieties ( apples & #a1jjj pe>s ) less] numb]s ( ! o!r fruits4 ,a few trees ( ?is wond]ful collection /ill /&4 ,*>les ,d[n+ 0 "o ( ! mo/ mode/ & retir+ ( m51 9 8 y\ng] days delight+ 9 ! ?+s ( :i* 8 bro!r wrote & seldom putt+ p5 to pap] until aft] 8 bro!r's dea? :5 he became a regul> contributor to horticultural publications ov] ! signature ,c4 ,d4 ,he 0 nev] kn[n to make a public spee*4 ,he e>n$ 8 high di/9ction 9 ,am]ican pomology by 8 accurate & consci5ti\s descriptions & discussions ( v>ieties ( fruits4 #he ,&rew ,jackson ,d[n+ 0 born 9 ,newburgh on ! ,hudson1 ! t[n 9 :i* he always liv$ & :i* he lov$1 ,octob] #cj1 #ahae4 ,he p]i%$ :ile try+ to save o!r pass5g]s 9 ! burn+ ( ! /eam] ,h5ry ,clay on ! ,hudson ,riv]1 ,july #bh1 #aheb1 at ! age ( #cg4 ,&rew ,d[n+'s education 0 l>gely acquir$ f self in/ruction al?\gh he att5d$ ! s*ools ( 8 native t[n & ! academy 9 ! adjo9+ village ( ,montgom]y4 ,8 fa!r1 a nurs]yman1 ^: "w 0 m5tion$ 9 ! sket* ( ,*>les ,d[n+1 eld] bro!r ( ,&rew1 gave ! y\ng] son e opportunity to cultivate an e>ly develop$ ta/e = horticulture1 botany & ! natural sci5ces4 ,:5 b a y\? he jo9$ 8 bro!r ,*>les z p>tn] 9 a nurs]y firm1 a relation%ip ma9ta9$ = b a few ye>s & :i* he sev]$ to beg9 a c>e] z a writ] on l&scape g>d5+ & pomological subjects4 ,8 fir/ publication 0 a ,treatise on ! ,!ory & ,practice ( ,l&scape ,g>d5+ adapt$ to ,nor? ,am]ica1 ) a view to ! ,improvem5t ( ,c\ntry ,resid5ces1 ) ,rem>ks on ,rural ,ar*itecture1 a book publi%$ 9 #ahda1 ! au?or be+ b #bf ye>s ( age4 ,! "w pass$ into in/ant popul>ity & is ! ^w ( au?ority :i* has told ?\s&s ( ,am]icans :at to d to make _! gr\nds beautiful4 ,)9 a few mon?s s great 0 ! success ( ! fir/ v5ture t 9 response to ! dem& he publi%$ 8 ,cottage ,resid5ces1 a companion book :i* 0 receiv$ ) equal favor1 ?us giv+ ,&rew ,d[n+ fir/ rank z an au?ority on rural art4 ,9 #ahde ! ,fruits & ,fruit ,trees ( ,am]ica1 !n & n[ ! *ief pomological au?ority ( ?is cont95t1 0 pr9t$ simultane\sly 9 ,london & ,new ,york1 a second edition com+ out 9 #ahej4 ,9 #ahdf ,&rew ,d[n+ became ! f\nd] & editor ( ! ,horticulturi/1 :i* he cont9u$ to publi% until 8 dea?4 ,9 #ahdi he wrote ,additional ,notes & ,h9ts ab\t ,build+ 9 ! ,c\ntry1 publi%$ 9 ,wightwick's ,h9ts to ,"y ,ar*itects4 ,! summ] ( #ahej 0 sp5t 9 ,engl& 9 ! /udy ( l&scape g>d5+ & rural ar*itecture f ! result ( :i* came 8 ,ar*itecture ( ,c\ntry ,h\ses4 ,8 la/ "w 0 ! edit+ ( ,mrs4 ,l\don's ,l&scape ,g>d5+ = ,ladies ?\gh ,rural ,essays appe>$ aft] 8 dea? z a collection ( 8 writ+s ) a memoir by ,george ,william ,curtis & a ,lett] to 8 ,fri5ds by ,fr$]ika ,brem]4 ,he 0 employ$ 9 plant+ ! public gr\nds ( ! ,capitol1 ! ,:ite ,h\se & ! ,smi?sonian ,in/itution at ,wa%+ton :5 he met 8 untimely dea?4 ,d[n+ is ! creator ( ,am]ican l&scape g>d5+ & %>es ) 8 bro!r ,*>les ! honor ( be+ ! mo/ di/+ui%$ pomologi/ ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ! epo*-mak+ ,fruits & ,fruit ,trees ( ,am]ica ,&rew ,d[n+ 0 ! real g5ius1 ,*>les ,d[n+ ! consci5ti\s & pa9/ak+ /ud5t :o work$ out ! details4 ,,bibliography ,,& ,,ref]5ces1 ,,) ,,abbreviations ,,us$ ,! li/ ( books :i* foll[s conta9s all ,am]ican pomological works 9 :i* ! *]ry is discuss$ at any l5g?4 ,only su* ,european books are li/$1 h[ev]1 z 7 f\nd useful 9 writ+ ,! ,*]ries ( ,new ,york4 ,only p]iodicals are li/$ to :i* ref]5ces are made 9 ! text ( ! book4 ,! reports & bullet9s ( exp]im5t /ations & horticultural societies are n includ$ s9ce ! abbreviations us$ = su* publications w be recogniz$ by all4 ,am4 ,g>d4 ,am]ican ,g>d5+4 ,an ,illu/rat$ ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture & ,g>d5]'s ,*ronicle4 ,new ,york3 #ahib-aijd4 ,copyright1 #aijc4 7,be=e its union ) ,popul> ,g>d5+ 9 #ahib1 ! publication 0 kn[n z ,! ,am]ican ,g>d54 ,bo? ,popul> ,g>d5+ & ,! ,am]ican ,g>d5 result$ f ! union or absorption ( sev]al o!r horticultural p]iodicals47 ,am4 ,g>d4 ,mag4 ,! ,am]ican ,g>d5]'s ,magaz9e1 & ,regi/] ( ,useful ,discov]ies & ,improvem5ts 9 ,horticulture & ,rural ,affairs4 ,see ,mag4 ,hort4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an4 ,am]ican ,horticultural ,annual4 ,a ,ye>book ( ,horticultural ,progress = ! ,pr(essional & ,amateur ,g>d5]1 ,fruit-gr[]1 & ,flori/4 7,illu/rat$47 ,new ,york3 #ahfg4 ,copyright1 #ahfg4 ,new edition4 ,new ,york3 #ahgj4 ,copyright1 #ahfi4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort4 ,! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture & ,flori/'s ,companion4 7,illu/rat$47 ,volumes #a-e4 ,bo/on3 #ahfg-ahif4 ,copyrights1 #ahfg-ahfi4 ,cont9u$ z ,tilton's ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture & ,floral ,magaz9e4 7,illu/rat$47 ,volumes #f-i4 ,bo/on3 #ahfi-ga4 ,copyrights1 #ahfi-ahga4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society4 ,issu$ usually bi5nially f #ahej to date4 ,fir/ publi%$ z ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,national ,conv5tion ( ,fruit ,gr[]s 9 #ahdh4 ,ann4 ,hort4 ,annals ( ,horticulture & ye>book ( in=mation on practical g>d5+4 #e ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahdf-ahej4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge ,annales de ,pomologie ,belge et trangre2 publies p> la ,commission royale de ,pomologie ,in/itue p> ,s4 ,m4 le ,roi des ,belges4 7,illu/r47 #h ,tomes4 ,bruxelles3 #ahec-ahfj4 ,bailey1 ,ann4 ,hort4 ,annals ( ,horticulture 9 ,nor? ,am]ica = ! ,ye>s #ahhi-ahic4 ,a ,witness ( ,pass+ ,ev5ts & a ,record ( ,progress4 ,by ,l4 ,h4 ,bailey4 ,new ,york3 #ahij-ahid4 ,copyrights1 #ahhi1 #ahia-ahid4 ,bailey1 ,cyc4 ,hort4 ,cyclop$ia ( ,am]ican ,horticulture ,compris+ ,sugge/ions = ,cultivation ( ,horticultural ,plants1 ,descriptions ( ! ,species ( ,fruits1 ,vegetables1 ,fl[]s & ,ornam5tal ,plants ,sold 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada1 ,toge!r ) ,geographical & ,biographical ,sket*es4 ,by ,l4 ,h4 ,bailey1 assi/$ by ,wilhelm ,mill]4 7,illu/rat$47 ,9 ,f\r ,volumes4 ,new ,york3 #aijj-aijb4 ,copyrights1 #aijj-aijb4 ,bailey1 ,ev4 ,nat4 ,fruits ,sket* ( ! ,evolution ( our ,native ,fruits4 ,by ,l4 ,h4 ,bailey4 7,illu/rat$47 ,new ,york3 #ahih4 ,copyright1 #ahih4 ,bailey1 ,sur4 ,unlike ,! ,survival ( ! ,unlike4 ,a ,collection ( ,evolution ,essays ,sugge/$ by ! ,/udy ( ,dome/ic ,plants4 ,by ,l4 ,h4 ,bailey4 7,illu/rat$47 ,fif? ,edition4 ,new ,york3 #aijf4 ,copyright1 #ahif4 ,baltet1 ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trait de la ,culture ,fruitire ,comm]ciale et ,b\rgeoise4 ,p> ,*>les ,baltet4 7,illu/r47 ,quatrime dition4 ,p>is3 #aijh4 ,b>ry1 ,fr4 ,g>d5 ,! ,fruit ,g>d54 ,by ,p4 ,b>ry4 7,illu/rat$47 ,new ,york3 #aheb4 ,copyright1 #ahea4 ,revis$ ,edition1 #ahif4 ,copyright1 #ahhc4 ,bradley1 ,g>d4 ,new ,improvem5ts ( ,plant+ & ,g>d5+1 bo? ,philosophical & ,practical4 ,9 ?ree p>ts4 ,by ,ri*>d ,bradley4 7,illu/rat$47 ,sev5? ,edition ) ,app5dix4 ,london3 #agci4 ,bridgeman1 ,g>d4 ,ass't ,! ,"y ,g>d5]'s ,assi/ant1 9 ?ree p>ts4 ,by ,?omas ,bridgeman4 ,new ,edition1 ) an ,app5dix4 ,new ,york3 #aheg4 ,copyright1 #ahdg4 ,brook%aw1 ,hort4 ,reposit4 ,! ,horticultural ,repository1 conta9+ ,del9eations ( ! be/ ,v>ieties ( ! ,diff]5t ,species ( ,engli% ,fruits4 ,by ,george ,brook%aw4 7,illu/rat$47 ,9 ,two ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahbc4 ,budd-,hans51 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 ,am]ican ,horticultural ,manual4 ,by ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 assi/$ by ,n4 ,e4 ,hans54 7,illu/rat$47 ,9 ,two ,volumes4 ,volume #b1 ,new ,york & ,london3 #aijc4 ,copyright1 #aijc4 ,buny>d-,?omas1 ,fr4 ,g>d4 ,! ,fruit ,g>d54 ,by ,george ,buny>d & ,ow5 ,?omas4 7,illu/rat$47 ,london & ,new ,york3 #aijd4 ,c4 ,hort4 ,! ,canadian ,horticulturi/4 7,illu/rat$47 ,toronto & ,pet]boro3 #ahgh to date4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france ,socit ,pomologique de ,france ,catalogue ,descriptif des ,fruits ,adopts p> le ,congrs ,pomologique4 ,lyon3 #ahhg4 ,ibid43 #aijf4 ,*ri/1 ,h&b4 ,h&bu* b] die ,ob/baumzu*t und ,ob/lehre4 ,von ,j4 ,l4 ,*ri/4 ,zweite v]mehrte4 ,frankfurt3 #agig4 ,*ri/1 ,ob/bume ,von ,pflanzung und ,w>tung d] nzli*/5 ,ob/bume4 ,von ,j4 ,l4 ,*ri/4 ,zweit] ,!il4 ,frankfurt3 #agia4 ,*ri/1 ,wrt]b4 ,pomologis*es !oretis*-praktis*es ,h&wrt]bu*1 od] ,alphabetis*es ,v]zei*niss4 ,von ,j4 ,l4 ,*ri/4 ,leipzig3 #ahjb4 ,cole1 ,am4 ,fr4 ,book ,! ,am]ican ,fruit ,book2 conta9+ directions = ,rais+1 ,propagat+1 & ,manag+ ,fruit ,trees1 ,%rubs1 & ,plants2 ) a description ( ! ,be/ ,v>ieties ( ,fruit1 includ+ ,new & ,valuable ,k9ds4 ,by ,s4 ,w4 ,cole4 7,illu/rat$47 ,bo/on3 #ahdi4 ,copyright1 #ahdi4 ,c\ntry ,g5t4 ,! ,c\ntry ,g5tleman4 ,albany3 #ahec-ahfe4 ,! ,cultivator ,c\ntry ,g5tleman4 ,albany3 #ahff-ahig4 ,! ,c\ntry ,g5tleman4 ,albany & ,philadelphia3 #ahih to date4 ,coxe1 ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees ,a ,view ( ! ,cultivation ( ,fruit ,trees1 & ! ,managem5t ( ,or*>ds & ,cid]2 ) accurate descriptions ( ! mo/ e/imable v>ieties ( ,native & ,=eign ,apples1 ,pe>s1 ,pea*es1 ,plums1 & ,*]ries1 cultivat$ 9 ! middle /ates ( ,am]ica4 ,by ,william ,coxe4 7,illu/rat$47 ,philadelphia3 #ahag4 ,copyright1 #ahag4 ,cultivator ,! ,cultivator4 ,albany3 #ahcd-ahfe4 ,9 #ahff unit$ ) ,! ,c\ntry ,g5tleman4 ,cult4 ,c\nt4 ,g5t4 ,! ,cultivator ,c\ntry ,g5tleman4 ,see ,c\ntry ,g5t4 ,decaisne ,naud91 ,man4 ,amat4 ,j>d4 ,manuel de ,l',amateur ,des ,j>d9s ,trait ,gnral ,d',horticulture4 ,p> ,jh4 ,decaisne et ,,*4 ,naud94 7,illu/r47 ,tome ,quatrime4 ,p>is4 ,de ,c&olle1 ,or4 ,cult4 ,plants ,orig9 ( ,cultivat$ ,plants4 ,by ,alphonse de ,c&olle4 ,g5eva ,switz]l&3 #ahhb4 ,new ,york3 #ahhe4 ,do*nahl1 ,fhr4 ,ob/kunde ,d] si*]e ,fhr] 9 d] ,ob/kunde auf botanis*-pomologis*5 ,wege od] ,sy/ematis*e ,bres*reibung all] ,ob/sort54 ,von ,f4 ,j4 ,do*nahl4 ,vi] ,bnde4 ,nrnb]g3 #ahee-fj4 ,volume #c1 #aheh4 ,*]ries4 ,d[n+1 ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 ,! ,fruits & ,fruit ,trees ( ,am]ica3 or ! culture1 propagation1 & managem5t1 9 ! g>d5 & or*>d1 ( fruit trees g5]ally2 ) ,descriptions ,( ,all ,! ,f9e/ ,v>ieties ,( ,fruit1 ,native & ,=eign1 ,cultivat$ ,9 ,?is ,c\ntry4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+4 7,illu/rat$47 ,new ,york ,london3 #ahde4 ,copyright1 #ahde4 ,second edition1 same text1 ) color$ plates1 #ahdg4 ,fir/ revision1 by ,*>les ,d[n+4 ,new ,york3 #aheg4 ,copyright1 #aheg4 ,second revision1 by ,*>les ,d[n+4 ,new ,york3 #ahfi4 ,fir/ app5dix1 #ahgb4 ,second app5dix1 #ahgf4 ,?ird app5dix1 #ahha4 ,duhamel1 ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 ,trait ,des ,arbres ,fruiti]s2 ,cont5ant ,leur ,figure1 ,leur ,description1 ,leur ,culture1 c4 ,p> ,m4 ,duhamel ,du ,monceau4 7,illu/r47 ,tomes #a et #b4 ,p>is3 #agfh4 dition publi en #ahgb1 en trois tomes4 ,n\velle dition en six tomes1 #ahjg-ahce4 ,elliott1 ,fr4 ,book ,elliott's ,fruit ,book2 or1 ! ,am]ican ,fruit-,gr[]'s ,guide 9 ,or*>d & ,g>d54 ,by ,f4 ,r4 ,elliott4 7,illu/rat$47 ,new ,york3 #aheh4 ,copyright1 #ahed4 ,revis$ edition4 #ahei4 ,fi%1 ,h>dy-,fr4 ,bk4 ,! ,h>dy-,fruit ,book4 ,by ,d4 ,t4 ,fi%4 7,illu/rat$47 ,two ,volumes4 ,london3 probably #ahhb4 ,flor4 ,pom4 ,! ,flori/ ,& ,pomologi/3 ,a ,pictorial ,mon?ly ,magaz9e ( ,fl[]s1 ,fruits1 & ,g5]al ,horticulture4 ,conduct$ at fir/ by ,rob]t ,hogg & ,john ,sp5c]1 lat] by ,?omas ,moore & ,william ,paul4 7,illu/rat$47 ,london3 #ahfb-ahhd4 ,floy-,l9dley1 ,guide ,or*4 ,g>d4 ,a ,guide to ! ,or*>d ,& ,fruit ,g>d5 or an acc\nt ( ! ,mo/ ,valuable ,fruits cultivat$ 9 ,great ,brita94 ,by ,george ,l9dley2 edit$ by ,john ,l9dley4 ,am]ican edition by ,mi*ael ,floy4 ,new ,york3 #ahcc4 ,new edition2 ) an ,app5dix4 ,new ,york3 #ahdf4 ,copyright1 #ahdf4 ,=sy?1 ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees ,a ,treatise on ! ,culture & ,managem5t ( ,fruit ,trees4 ,by ,william ,=sy?4 ,london3 #ahjb4 ,same ) an ,introduction & ,notes1 by ,william ,corbett4 ,albany3 #ahjc4 ,sev5? edition ,engli% ,london3 #ahbd4 ,g>d4 ,*ron4 ,! ,g>d5]'s ,*ronicle4 7,illu/rat$47 ,london3 #ahda to date4 ,g>d5 ,! ,g>d54 7,illu/rat$47 ,london3 #ahgb to date4 ,g>d4 ,mon4 ,! ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly & ,horticultural ,adv]tis]4 ,edit$ by ,?omas ,meehan4 7,illu/rat$47 ,philadelphia3 #ahei-ahhg4 ,gau*]1 ,pom4 ,prak4 ,ob/4 ,pomologie des ,praktis*5 ,ob/baumz*t]s4 ,von ,n4 ,gau*]4 7,illu/rirt47 ,/uttg>t3 #ahid4 ,g54 ,f>m] ,! ,g5esee ,f>m]4 ,edit$ by ,lu!r ,tuck]1 ,ro*e/]3 #ahca-ahci4 ,!n consolidat$ ) ! ,cultivator4 ,ano!r p]iodical ( ! same "n 0 publi%$ 9 ,ro*e/] f #ahde to #ahfe4 ,also ,new ,g5esee ,f>m] & ,mon?ly ,g5esee ,f>m]4 ,g]>de1 ,h]ball ,! ,h]ball or ,g5]all ,hi/orie ( ,plantes4 ,by ,john ,g]>de4 ,enl>g$ & am5d$ by ,?omas ,johnson4 ,london3 #afcf4 ,guide ,prat4 ,guide ,pratique de ,l',amateur ,de ,fruits4 ,description ,et ,culture des ,v>itis ,de ,fruits ,classs ,p> ,sries ,de ,mrite composant les collections pomologiques ,de ,l'tablissem5t ,horticole ,simon-,l\is ,frres4 ,a ,plantires-,les-,metz 7,lorra9e ,annexe7 ,suivi ,d',une ,table ,gnrale ,alphabtique de t\s les ,synonymes connus1 ,francais et trang]s app>t55t *aque v>it4 ,deuxime dition4 ,p>is et ,nancy3 #ahie4 ,h(fy1 ,n4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,h(fy's ,nor? ,am]ican ,pomologi/1 conta9+ num]\s ,f9ely ,color$ ,draw+s1 accompani$ by lett] press descriptions1 c41 ( ,fruits ( ,am]ican ,orig94 ,edit$ by ,william ,d4 ,br9ckl4 ,book ,no4 #a4 ,philadelphia3 #ahfj4 ,copyright1 #ahfj4 ,h(fy1 ,or*4 ,com4 ,! ,or*>di/'s ,companion4 ,alfr$ ,h(fy1 ,editor & ,publi%]4 ,a qu>t]ly j\rnal4 ,vol4 ,i1 #ahda-b2 ,vol4 ,,ii1 #ahdb-c4 ,philadelphia4 ,hogg1 ,fruit ,man4 ,! ,fruit ,manual3 ,a ,guide to ! ,fruits & ,fruit ,trees ( ,great ,brita94 ,by ,rob]t ,hogg4 ,fir/ edition1 ,london3 #ahfj4 ,second edition1 #ahfa4 ,?ird edition1 #ahff4 ,f\r? edition1 #ahgc4 ,fif? edition1 #ahhd4 ,hoop]1 ,w4 ,fr4 ,book ,hoop]'s ,we/]n ,fruit ,book3 a comp5di\s ,collection ( ,facts f ! ,notes & ,exp]i5ce ( ,successful ,fruit ,culturi/s1 arrang$ = practical use 9 ,! ,or*>d & ,g>d54 ,by ,e4 ,j4 ,hoop]4 ,c9c9nati3 #aheg4 ,copyright1 #aheg4 ,hort4 ,reg4 7,am47 ,horticultural ,regi/] & ,g>d5]'s ,magaz9e4 ,edit$ by ,t4 ,g4 ,fess5d5 & ,j4 ,e4 ,tes*ema*]4 ,volume ,i4 ,bo/on3 #ahce4 ,hort4 ,reg4 7,eng47 ,! ,horticultural ,regi/] & ,g5]al ,magaz9e4 ,by ,joseph ,paxton & ,joseph ,h>rison4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,london3 #ahcc4 ,horticulturi/ ,! ,horticulturi/ & ,j\rnal ( ,rural ,art & ,rural ,ta/e4 ,f\nd$ & fir/ edit$ by ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+4 7,illu/rat$47 ,volumes #a to #cj4 ,albany1 ,philadelphia & ,new ,york3 #ahdf-ahge4 ,hovey1 ,fr4 ,am4 ,! ,fruits ( ,am]ica1 conta9+ ,ri*ly ,color$ ,figures1 & full ,descriptions ( all ! *oice/ ,v>ieties cultivat$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,by ,c4 ,m4 ,hovey4 ,volume ,i4 ,bo/on & ,new ,york3 #aheb4 ,volume ,,ii4 ,bo/on3 #ahef4 ,copyright1 #ahea4 ,ill4 ,h&b4 ,illu/rirtes ,h&bu* d] ,ob/kunde1 unt] ,mitwirkung mehr]] h]ausgegeb5 von 444 ,f4 ,jahn 444 ,ed4 ,lucas und 444 ,j4 ,g4 ,c4 ,ob]dieck4 ,sieb5te ,leif]ung4 ,dritt5 ,b&es4 ,/uttg>t3 #ahfj2 ,neunte ,lief]ung4 ,dritt5 ,b&es4 ,/uttg>t3 #ahfa2 ,se*szehnte ,lief]ung4 ,se*/5 ,b&es4 ,rav5sburg3 #ahfg4 ,j\r4 ,hort4 ,! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture began z3 ,! ,cottage ,g>d5]2 or ,amateur's & ,cottag]'s ,guide to out-door g>d5+ & spade cultivation4 #be ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahdi-ahfa4 ,cont9u$ z ,! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture1 ,cottage ,g>d5]1 & ,c\ntry ,g5tleman4 ,a ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture1 ,rural & ,dome/ic ,economy1 ,botany & ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,new ,s]ies4 #ch ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahfa-ahhj4 ,cont9u$ z ,! ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture1 ,cottage ,g>d5]1 & ,home ,f>m]4 ,a ,*ronicle ( ,c\ntry ,pursuits & ,c\ntry ,life1 includ+ ,p\ltry1 ,pigeon1 & ,bee-keep+4 ,?ird ,s]ies4 #ei ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahhj-aiji4 ,j\r4 ,roy4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,! ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,horticultural ,society4 ,london3 #ahdf to date4 ,vols4 #a-i1 #ahdf-ee1 be> ! title ( ,! ,j\rnal ( ! ,horticultural ,society ( ,london4 ,k5rick1 ,am4 ,or*4 ,! ,new ,am]ican ,or*>di/4 ,by ,william ,k5rick4 ,bo/on3 #ahcc4 ,copyright1 #ahcb4 ,second edition4 ,bo/on3 #ahce4 ,copyright1 #ahce4 ,sev5? edition1 enl>g$ & improv$1 ) a supplem5t4 ,bo/on3 #ahde4 ,copyright1 #ahda4 ,knoop1 ,fructologie ,"p ,i4 ,pomologie1 ou ,description des meilleures sortes de ,pommes et de ,poires4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,fructologie1 ou ,description des ,arbres ,fruiti]s4 ,p> ,jean ,h]man ,knoop4 7,illu/r47 ,am/]dam3 #agga4 ,ko*1 ,deut4 ,ob/4 ,die ,deuts*5 ,ob/gehlze4 ,vorlesung5 gehalt5 zu ,b]l9 im ,w9t]halbjahr #ahge-gf4 ,von ,k>l ,ko*4 ,/uttg>t3 #ahgf4 ,kraft1 ,pom4 ,au/4 ,pomona au/riaca1 ,abh&lung von d5 ,ob/bum54 ,von ,johann ,kraft4 #b ,!ile4 ,vi5na3 #agib4 ,krnitz1 ,enc4 ,auss*nitt aus ,krnitz' ,encyklopdie4 #agij4 ,*]ries4 ,lange1 ,allgem4 ,g>t54 ,allgeme9es ,g>t5bu*4 ,von ,!odore ,lange4 #b ,bnde4 ,zweite v]mehrte4 ,leipsic3 #ahig4 ,langley1 ,pomona ,pomona1 or ! ,fruit ,g>d5 ,illu/rat$4 ,by ,batty ,langley4 ,london3 #agbi4 ,lau*e1 ,deut4 ,pom4 ,deuts*e ,pomologie4 ,von ,w4 ,lau*e4 7,illu/rirt47 ,b]l93 #ahhb4 ,lau*e1 ,ergnzungsb& ,er/] ,ergnzungsb& zu ,lucas' und ,ob]dieck's ,illu/rirtes ,h&bu* d] ,ob/kunde4 ,von ,w4 ,lau*e4 ,b]l93 #ahhc4 ,le ,bon ,j>d4 ,le ,bon ,j>d9i]4 #abf;e dition ,almana* ,horticole1 #ahhb et #abi;e dition1 #ahhd4 ,p>is4 ,l]oy1 ,diet4 ,pom4 ,dictionnaire de ,pomologie4 ,p> ,&r ,l]oy4 7,illu/r47 #f ,tomes4 ,p>is3 #ahfg-ahgi4 ,tome #e1 #ahgg4 ,*]ries4 ,liegel1 ,sy/4 ,anleit4 ,sy/ematis*e ,anleitung zur ,k5ntniss d] vorzgli*/5 ,sort5 des ,k]n-1 ,/e9-1 ,s*al5- und ,be]5ob/]4 ,von ,georg ,liegel4 ,passau3 #ahbe4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 ,a ,catalogue ( ! ,fruits ,cultivat$ 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ! ,horticultural ,society ( ,london4 ,london3 #ahbf4 ,second edition1 #ahca4 ,?ird edition1 #ahdb4 ,a supplem5t 0 publi%$ 9 #ahec4 ,l\don1 ,arb4 ,frut4 ,brit4 ,arboretum1 et ,fruticetum ,britannicum4 ,p> ,j4 ,c4 ,l\don4 ,deuxime dition4 ,tome #b4 ,london3 #ahdd4 ,l\don's1 ,enc4 ,g>d4 ,an ,encyclop$ia ,( ,g>d5+4 ,by ,j4 ,c4 ,l\don4 7,illu/rat$47 ,new edition4 ,london3 #ahcd4 ,lucas1 ,h&b4 ,ob/4 ,voll/ndiges ,h&bu* d] ,ob/kultur4 ,von ,ed4 ,lucas4 7,illu/rirt47 ,/uttg>t3 ,fir/ edition1 #ahhj2 second edition1 #ahhf2 ?ird edition1 #ahic4 ,?ird edition edit$ by ,fr4 ,lucas1 #ahid4 ,mag4 ,hort4 ,! ,magaz9e ( ,horticulture4 ,bo/on3 #ahcg-ahfh4 ,fir/ publi%$ z ,! ,am]ican ,g>d5]'s ,magaz9e1 #ahce-f4 ,edit$ by ,c4 ,m4 ,hovey ) ,p4 ,b4 ,hovey1 ,jr41 associate editor dur+ #ahce-f4 ,mann+1 ,book ( ,fruits ,book ( ,fruits4 ,by ,rob]t ,mann+4 7,illu/rat$47 ,salem3 #ahch4 ,copyright1 #ahch4 ,mas1 ,le ,v]g] ,le ,v]g] ou ,hi/oire1 ,culture ,et ,description avec plan*es colories ,des ,v>its ,de ,fruits ,les ,plus ,gnralem5t ,connues4 ,p> ,m4 ,mas4 #h ,tomes4 ,p>is3 #ahff-gc4 ,tome #h4 ,*]ries4 ,mas1 ,pom4 ,g54 ,pomologie ,gnrale4 ,p>4 ,m4 ,mas4 7,illu/r47 #ab ,tomes4 ,p>is3 #ahgb-hc4 ,tome #aa1 #ahhb4 ,*]ries4 ,ma?ieu1 ,nom4 ,pom4 ,nom5clator ,pomologicus4 ,von ,c>l ,ma?ieu4 ,b]l93 #ahhi4 ,mawe-,ab]crombie1 ,com4 ,g>d4 ,! ,complete ,g>d5]4 ,by ,?omas ,mawe & ,john ,ab]crombie4 ,london3 #ahbi4 ,mawe-,ab]crombie1 ,univ4 ,g>d4 ,bot4 ,! ,univ]sal ,g>d5] & ,botani/4 ,by ,?omas ,mawe & ,john ,ab]crombie4 ,london3 #aggh4 ,mill]1 ,g>d4 ,dict4 ,! ,g>d5]'s ,diction>y4 ,by ,philip ,mill]4 #b ,volumes4 ,london3 #aged4 ,revis$ edition4 ,by ,?omas ,m>tyn ,london3 #ahjg4 ,mill]1 ,g>d4 ,kal4 ,! ,g>d5]'s ,kal5d>4 ,by ,philip ,mill]4 ,london3 #agcd4 ,mc,intosh1 ,bk4 ,g>d4 ,! ,book ( ! ,g>d54 ,by ,*>les ,mc9to%4 7,illu/rat$47 ,two ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahee4 ,mc,mahon1 ,am4 ,g>d4 ,cal4 ,! ,am]ican ,g>d5]'s ,cal5d>4 ,by ,b]n>d ,mc,mahon4 ,philadelphia3 #ahjf4 ,mortillet1 ,le ,c]isi] ,arboriculture ,fruitire4 ,les ,meilleurs ,fruits4 ,p> ,m4 ,p4 ,de ,mortillet4 7,illu/r47 ,tome ,,ii4 ,le ,c]isi]4 ,gr5oble3 #ahff4 ,nat4 ,nur4 ,! ,national ,nurs]yman4 ,publi%$ by ,! ,national ,nurs]yman ,publi%+ ,co4 7,illu/rat$47 ,ro*e/]3 #ahic to date4 ,ni*olson1 ,dict4 ,g>d4 ,! ,illu/rat$ ,diction>y ( ,g>d5+1 a practical & sci5tific ,encyclop$ia ( ,horticulture = ,g>d5]s & ,botani/s4 ,by ,george ,ni*olson1 assi/$ by ,j4 ,w4 ,h4 ,trail & ,j4 ,g>rett4 #d ,volumes4 ,london4 ,supplem5t to same4 ,by ,george ,ni*olson et al4 ,london3 #aijj4 ,noisette1 ,man4 ,comp4 ,j>d4 ,manuel ,complet du ,j>d9i]4 ,p> ,m4 ,l\is ,noisette4 ,tome ,deuxime4 ,p>is3 #ahfj4 ,ob]dieck1 ,ob/-,sort4 ,deuts*l&s be/e ,ob/-,sort54 ,von ,f4 ,g4 ,c4 ,ob]dieck4 ,leipzig3 #ahha4 ,ob/z*t] ,d] ,ob/z*t] ,zeits*rift fr die ,gesamt9t]ess5 des ,ob/banes4 ,ref]5ces 9 ,volume ,,viii1 ,numb]s #a1 #b1 #c1 #d & #aj4 ,vi5na3 #aiaj4 ,p>k9son1 ,p>4 ,t]4 ,p>adisi 9 ,sole4 ,p>adisus ,t]re/ris4 ,by ,john ,p>k9son4 7,illu/rat$47 ,london3 #afbi4 ,phillips1 ,com4 ,or*4 ,! ,companion = ! ,or*>d4 ,an ,hi/orical ,& ,botanical ,acc\nt ( ,fruits ,kn[n ,9 ,great ,brita94 ,by ,h5ry ,phillips4 ,new ,edition4 ,london3 #ahca4 ,poiteau1 ,pom4 ,franc4 ,pomologie ,francaise4 ,recueil des ,plus ,beaux ,fruits ,cultivs ,en ,france4 ,p> ,anto9e ,poiteau4 ,tomes #a-d4 ,p>is3 #ahdf4 ,pom4 ,france ,pomologie ,de ,la ,france ou ,hi/oire ,et ,description de t\s ,les ,fruits ,cultivs ,en ,france ,et ,admis ,p> ,le ,congrs ,pomologique4 7,illu/r47 ,tomes ,i-,,viii4 ,lyon3 #ahfc-ahgc4 ,tome ,,vii1 #ahga4 ,*]ries4 ,pom4 ,in/4 ,reut4 ,pomologis*es ,in/itut ,reutl+54 ,reutl+53 #aiaa-aiab4 ,pom4 ,mag4 ,! ,pomological ,magaz9e2 or1 ,figures ,& ,descriptions ( ! ,mo/ ,important ,v>ieties ,( ,fruit cultivat$ 9 ,great ,brita94 ,?ree ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahbh-cj4 ,?is "w has also be5 publi%$ "u ! title ,pomona ,brittanica4 ,popul> ,g>d4 ,popul> ,g>d5+4 ,an ,illu/rat$ p]iodical devot$ to ,horticulture 9 all its bran*es4 ,volume ,i4 ,buffalo3 #ahhf4 ,cont9u$ z ,popul> ,g>d5+ & ,fruit ,gr[+4 ,volumes ,,ii-,,vi4 ,buffalo3 #ahhg-ahia4 ,consolidat$ ) ,! ,am]ican ,g>d5 & cont9u$ z ,am]ican ,g>d5+4 ,new ,york3 #ahib-aijd4 ,pr9ce1 ,pom4 ,man4 ,! ,pomological ,manual2 or1 ,a ,treatise on ,fruits4 ,by ,william ,rob]t ,pr9ce1 aid$ by ,william ,pr9ce4 ,second ,edition4 ,"p ,i4 ,new ,york3 #ahcb4 ,copyright1 #ahca4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,new ,york3 #ahcb4 ,copyright1 #ahcb4 ,pr9ce1 ,treat4 ,hort4 ,a ,%ort ,treatise on ,horticulture4 ,by ,william ,pr9ce4 ,new ,york3 #ahbh4 ,copyright1 #ahbh4 ,pr9ce1 ,treat4 ,trees ,plants ,a ,treatise on ,fruit & ,ornam5tal ,trees ,& ,plants1 cultivat$ at ! ,l9nan ,botanic ,g>d51 ,flu%+1 ,long-,isl&1 ne> ,new-,york4 ,by ,william ,pr9ce4 ,new ,york3 #ahbj4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort4 ,proskau] ,ob/sort54 ,von ,pr(essor ,dr4 ,/oll4 ,proskau bei ,oppeln3 #aijg4 ,qu9t9ye1 ,com4 ,g>d4 ,! ,compleat ,g>d'n]2 or1 ,directions = ,cultivat+ & ,"r ,ord]+ ( ,fruit-,g>d5s1 & ,kit*5-,g>d5s4 ,by ,monsieur ,de la ,qu9t9ye4 ,second ,edition4 ,london3 #afii4 ,ray1 ,hi/4 ,plant4 ,hi/oria ,plant>um4 ,by ,john ,ray4 ,second volume4 ,london3 #afhh4 ,rea1 ,flora ,flora3 ,seu1 ,de ,florum ,cultura2 or ,a ,complete ,florilege4 ,by ,john ,rea4 #c ,books4 ,london3 #afgf4 ,book #c4 ,*]ries4 ,reut4 ,pom4 ,in/4 ,fe/s*rift ,fe/s*rift zum ,fnfzigjhrig5 ,be/eh5 des ,pomologis*5 ,in/ituts ,9 ,reutl+54 ,reutl+53 #aiaj4 ,rev4 ,hort4 ,revue ,horticole4 ,j\rnal ,d',horticulture ,pratique4 7,illu/r47 ,p>is3 #ahbi to date4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 ,! ,rural ,new-,york]4 ,a ,j\rnal = ! ,suburban & ,c\ntry ,home4 7,illu/rat$47 ,ro*e/] & ,new ,york3 #ahej to date4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 ,socit ,nationale ,d',horticulture ,de ,france4 ,section ,pomologique4 ,les ,meilleurs ,fruits au db du ,,xxe sicle4 7,illu/r47 ,p>is3 #aijd4 ,s\4 ,cult4 ,! ,s\!rn ,cultivator4 ,a ,mon?ly ,j\rnal1 devot$ to ! improvem5t ( ,s\!rn ,agriculture4 7,illu/rat$47 ,augu/a1 ,ga43 #ahdc-ahdh4 ,?a*]1 ,am4 ,or*4 ,! ,am]ican ,or*>di/4 ,by ,james ,?a*]4 ,bo/on3 #ahbb4 ,copyright1 #ahbb4 ,?omas1 ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 ,! ,am]ican ,fruit ,culturi/4 ,by ,john ,j4 ,?omas4 7,illu/rat$47 ,fir/ ,edition4 ,g5eva & ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y43 #ahdf4 ,copyright1 #ahdf4 ,revis$ ,edition4 ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y43 #ahea4 ,copyright1 #ahdi4 ,revis$ ,edition4 ,new ,york3 #ahfi4 ,copyright1 #ahfg4 ,revis$ ,edition4 ,new ,york3 #ahhe4 ,copyright1 #ahge-ahhe4 ,tw5tie? ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 ,new ,york3 #ahig4 ,copyright1 #ahig4 ,tw5ty-fir/ ,edition1 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$4 ,new ,york3 #aiaa4 ,copyright1 #aijc4 ,?omas1 ,guide ,prat4 ,guide ,pratique de ,l',amateur de ,fruits4 ,p> ,o4 ,?omas4 #ahgf4 ,deuxime dition4 #ahie4 ,see ,guide ,pratique4 ,?ompson1 ,g>d4 ,ass't4 ,! ,g>d5]'s ,assi/ant2 ,practical & ,sci5tific4 ,by ,rob]t ,?ompson4 7,illu/rat$47 ,two ,volumes4 ,london4 #ahei4 ,same1 revis$ by ,william ,watson4 ,six ,volumes4 ,london3 #aija4 ,tru*sess-,heim1 ,kirs*5sort ,sy/ematis*e ,classification und ,bes*reibung d] ,kirs*5sort54 ,von ,*ri/ian ,freih]rn ,tru*sess4 ,edit$ by ,fri$ri* ,timo!us ,heim4 ,/uttg>t3 #ahai4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 ,reports ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture3 #ahfb-ahid4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,ye>book ,reports ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture3 #ahid to date4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt4 ,reports ( ! ,agricultural section ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice3 #ahcg to #ahfa4 ,wickson1 ,cal4 ,fruits ,! ,cali=nia ,fruits & ,h[ ,to ,gr[ ,!m4 ,by ,edw>d ,j4 ,wickson4 7,illu/rat$47 ,second ,edition4 ,san ,francisco3 #ahia4 ,copyright1 #ahhi4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,los ,angeles3 #aiji4 ,copyright1 #aijh4 ,sev5? ,edition4 ,san ,francisco3 #aiad4 ,copyright1 #aiad4 ,willi*1 ,dom4 ,enc4 ,dome/ic ,encyclop$ia or a ,diction>y ( ,facts4 ,by ,a4 ,f4 ,m4 ,willi*4 ,fir/ ,am]ican edition ) additions by ,james ,mease4 ,9 five volumes4 ,volume #d4 ,philadelphia3 #ahjc4 ,,index 7,names ( v>ieties 9 ?is index1 if accept$ names1 appe> 9 ,roman type2 synonyms 9 italics47 ,coeur ,htive1 #bje ,a ,feuilles de ,p*] ,grosse1 #bje ,abbesse1 #bje ,abbesse d',oignies1 #ig ,abels ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bje ,abundance1 #bje *]'s ,wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,griotte ,a*]71 #bfb *te 7se9 soll5de7 ,kirs*e ,vi] auf e9 ,pfund 7syn4 ( ,tobacco-,leav$71 #cbf ,act ,gillos1 #bje ,adam 7syn4 ( ,adams ,cr[n71 #bje ,adams1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bje ,adams ,cr[n1 #bje ,adams ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,adams ,cr[n71 #bje ,adl+ton1 #bje ,admirable de ,soissons 7syn4 ( ,c]ise de ,soissons71 #bcc ,advance 7syn4 ( ,cali=nia ,advance71 #aac ,affane1 #bje ,afghani/an1 #bje ,aga! 7syn4 ( ,hilde%eim71 #adc ,agatkirscke 7syn4 ( ,dankelmannskirs*e71 #bdj ,alat]nblttrige ,ssswei*sel1 #bjf ,alb]t9e ,millet1 #bjf ,alex&r9e ,bon1 #bjf ,alfr$ ,wesmael1 #bjf ,all ,sa9ts 7syn4 ( ,t\ssa9t71 #aic ,all51 #bjf ,all51 ,j4 ,f41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cbd ,all51 ,za*>iah1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bjf1 #caa ,all5 ,late ,fav\rite1 #bjf ,all5's ,sweet ,montmor5cy 7syn4 ( ,sweet ,montmor5cy71 #cbd ,all]frhe/e ,bunte ,maih]zkirs*e1 #bjf ,alte ,knigskirs*e1 #bjf ,alt5l&] ,frhkirs*e1 #bjf ,am>an?kirs*e1 #bjf ,am>ell-,wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,may71 #abh ,am>elle po9t pi/illaire blanc 7syn4 ( ,am>elle mit ,weissem ,/empelpunct71 #bjg ,am>elle ,boquet 7syn4 ( ,boquet ,morello71 #bbc ,am>elle de la ,madle9e 7syn4 ( ,madele9e71 #bid ,am>elle ,d\ble de ,v]re 7syn4 ( ,d\ble ,glass71 #abb ,am>elle ,htive1 #bjg ,am>elle mit halbgefllt] ,bl! 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,semi-d\bles71 #bec ,am>elle mit ,weissem ,/empelpunct1 #bjg ,am>elle ,royale 7syn4 ( ,montmor5cy71 #afi ,am>elle trs-f]tile 7syn4 ( ,c]isi] ,trs-f]tile71 #bcd ,am>ell5baum mit ganz gefllt] ,blte 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,d\bles71 #beb ,amb]1 #bjg ,amb] 7syn4 ( ,amb] ,gean71 #bjg ,amb] ,gean1 #bjg ,amb] ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,:ite ,he>t71 #aig ,ambre de ,gub51 #bjg ,am]ican ,amb]1 #bjh ,am]ican ,doctor 7syn4 ( ,doctor71 #bdb ,am]ican ,he>t1 #bjh ,amos ,ow51 #bjh ,amygdalus1 sub-g5us ( ,prunus1 #ae ,amygdalus indica nana 7syn4 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa tri*o/yla s95sis71 #ba ,amygdalus pumila 7syn4 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa71 #ba2 7syn4 ( ,p4 japonica k]ii71 #bb ,&rews1 #bjh ,&rews1 ,c4 ,n41 v>4 orig4 )1 #bjh ,anglaise ,htive 7syn4 ( ,may ,duke71 #afd2 7syn4 ( ,royal ,duke71 #ahd ,anglaise ,t>dive 7syn4 ( ,late ,duke71 #aee ,anne1 #bjh ,annonay1 #bjh ,annonay] ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,annonay71 #bjh ,an/ad1 #bjh ,an/ad1 ,a4 ,p41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bjh ,antonie1 v>4 introduc$ by1 #bac ,appala*ian *]ry1 botanical "n (1 #ce ,ar* ,duke1 #ih ,arg5tal ,late1 #bji ,atwat]1 ,caleb1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bdi ,auburn ,duke1 #bji ,augu/ ,duke1 #bji ,augu/9e de ,vigny1 #bji ,auris*otte1 #bji ,au/51 ,r4 ,a41 quot$1 #fh ,badacconyi 7syn4 ( ,badacsony71 #bji ,badacson] ,ries5kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,badacsony71 #bji ,badacson] ,s*w>ze ,ries5kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,badacsony71 #bji ,badacsony1 #bji ,badacsony] ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,badacsony71 #bji ,ba5d]1 #baj ,baldw91 #ajj ,baldw91 ,s4 ,j41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ajj ,baltava] ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,baltav>71 #baj ,baltav>1 #baj ,baltav>i 7syn4 ( ,baltav>71 #baj ,balud] ,morello1 #baj ,b>nh>t1 #baj ,b>ry1 quot$1 #gj-ga ,basel] ,h]zkirs*e1 #baj ,bates1 #baj ,bates1 ,s4 ,j41 v>4 orig4 )1 #baj ,baumann ,may1 #ajj ,bay ,/ate1 #baj ,baylor1 #baa ,beauty ( ,m>i5hohe 7syn4 ( ,s*ne von ,m>i5hohe71 #cag ,beauty ( ,orleans 7syn4 ( ,belle d',orleans71 #bab ,b$=d1 ,a4,v41 v>4 introduc$ by1 #bjh ,b$=d ,prolific1 #baa ,belle ,aga! 7syn4 ( ,hilde%eim71 #add ,belle ,aga! de ,novembre 7syn4 ( ,hilde%eim71 #adc ,belle ,allem&e 7syn4 ( ,bett5burg] ,glaskirs*e71 #bac ,belle ,audigeoise1 #baa ,belle ,bosc1 #baa ,belle de ,boskoop1 #baa ,belle ,brugeoise ,sa9t-,pi]re 7syn4 ( ,s*ne von ,brgge71 #cag ,belle de ,bruxelles 7syn4 ( ,belle d',orleans71 #bab ,belle de ,caux1 #baa ,belle de ,*at5ay 7syn4 ( ,magnifique71 #afc ,belle de ,*oisy 7syn4 ( ,*oisy71 #aaf ,belle de ,c\*ey1 #baa ,belle ,defay1 #baa ,belle de ,franconville1 #baa ,belle glorie de ,m>ie 7syn4 ( ,s*ne von ,m>i5hohe71 #cag ,belle grosse d',ard*e 7syn4 ( ,c]ise de l',ard*e71 #bcj ,belle l',h]issi]1 #baa ,belle de ,kis-,o]s1 #bab ,belle de ,lo*e1 #bab ,belle ,magnifique 7syn4 ( ,magnifique71 #afc ,belle de ,magnifique 7syn4 ( ,magnifique71 #afc ,belle et ,magnifique 7syn4 ( ,magnifique71 #afc ,belle de ,m>i5hhe 7syn4 ( ,s*ne von ,m>i5hohe71 #cag ,belle de ,montreuil 7syn4 ( ,montreuil71 #bih ,belle d',orleans1 #bab ,belle de ,ribeauc\rt1 #bab ,belle de ,ro*elle1 #bab ,belle de ,rocmont1 #bab ,belle de ,sa9t ,tronc1 #bac ,belle de ,sauvigny 7syn4 ( ,montmor5cy de ,sauvigny71 #bih ,belle de ,v>5nes 7syn4 ( ,c]isi] de ,v>5ne71 #bcd ,belle ,vezz\ris1 #bac ,belle de ,vois]y1 #bac ,belle de ,wors]y 7syn4 ( ,royal ,duke71 #ahd ,b5d]1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bac ,b5d]1 ,j4,o41 v>4 orig4 )1 #bac ,b5d] 7( ,mi*igan71 #bac ,b5d] 7( ,new ,york71 #bac ,b]g]1 ,/aquet1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bca ,b]l9 ,am>elle1 #bac ,b]n>d1 #bac ,bess>abian1 #aja ,bessey's ,*]ry1 botanical "n (1 #cg ,bett5burg] ,glaskirs*e1 #bac ,bett5burg] ,h]zkirs*e1 #bad ,bett5burg] ,kirs*e von d] ,natte1 #bad ,bett5burg] ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,bett5burg] ,h]zkirs*e71 #bad ,bett5burg] ,wei*sel1 #bad ,bett5burg] ,wei*sel ,gross] ,gobet 7syn4 ( ,bett5burg] ,wei*sel71 #bad ,bett5burg] ,wei*sel von d] ,natte 7syn4 ( ,bett5burg] ,wei*sel71 #bad ,bic5t5airewei*sel 7syn4 ( ,c]ise du ,bic5t5aire71 #bca ,bicolor 7syn4 ( ,zweif>bige ,kirs*e71 #ccf ,bicolor ,van ,mons1 #bad ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,yell[ ,spani%71 #bjb ,big>reau ,abbesse de ,m\l&1 #bad ,big>reau ,ambr ,prcoce 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,amb]71 #bdg ,big>reau ,anto9e ,nomblot1 #bad ,big>reau ,baumann 7syn4 ( ,baumann ,may71 #ajj ,big>reau ,baut de l',ohio 7syn4 ( ,ohio ,beauty71 #cjb ,big>reau belle de ,rocmond 7syn4 ( ,belle de ,rocmont71 #bab ,big>reau blanc de ,groll 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,groll71 #bag ,big>reau ,blanc 7,petit7 7syn4 ( ,flam5t9e71 #beb ,big>reau ,blanc ,prcoce1 #bae ,big>reau ,blanc-,ros de ,pimont1 #bae ,big>reau ,bordan1 #bae ,big>reau de ,b\rget1 #bae ,big>reau ,brun1 #bae ,big>reau ,brun ,kle9di5/ 7syn4 ( ,kle9di5/ ,braune ,knorpel71 #bhb ,big>reau de ,capuc9s1 #bae ,big>reau de la ,cas]ne1 #bae ,big>reau ,cay5ne1 #bae ,big>reau de ,*lons1 #bae ,big>reau de ,*ampvans1 #baf ,big>reau ,commun 7syn4 ( ,yell[ ,spani%71 #bjb ,big>reau ,corniola1 #baf ,big>reau ,c\rt ,pic\t ,htif1 #baf ,big>reau ,c\rt ,pic\t ,t>dif1 #baf ,big>reau ,dnniss51 #baf ,big>reau ,dor1 #baf ,big>reau ,d\ble ,royale1 #baf ,big>reau ,dur1 #baf ,big>reau ,duranno1 #bag ,big>reau ,emp]eur-,francois 7syn4 ( ,emp]or ,francis71 #bdi ,big>reau d',esp]5 7syn4 ( ,napoleon71 #agb ,big>reau de ,f] 7syn4 ( ,hilde%eim71 #add ,big>reau ,feuilles de ,tabac 7syn4 ( ,tobacco-,leav$71 #cbf ,big>reau de ,flor5ce 7syn4 ( ,flor5ce71 #adj ,big>reau ,galop91 #bag ,big>reau ,glady1 #bag ,big>reau 7,gold57 7syn4 ( ,drogan ,yell[ ,big>reau71 #bde ,big>reau ,gr&1 #bag ,big>reau ,groll1 #bag ,big>reau ,gros ,coeuret 7syn4 ( ,l>ge ,he>t-%ap$ ,big>reau71 #bhh2 7syn4 ( ,napoleon71 #agb ,big>reau ,gros ,commun 7syn4 ( ,ox ,he>t71 #agh ,big>reau ,gros ,fruit ,r\ge 7syn4 ( ,r$ ,big>reau71 #cji ,big>reau gros ,fruit ,r\ge ,t>dif 7syn4 ( ,l>ge ,late ,r$ ,big>reau71 #bhh ,big>reau ,gros ,mon/rueux 7syn4 ( ,l>ge ,he>t-%ap$ ,big>reau71 #bhh ,big>reau ,gros ,noir de ,lu!r1 #bag ,big>reau ,grosse ,gomballoise 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,gomballoise71 #bfe ,big>reau ,htif 7syn4 ( ,black ,big>reau71 #bbb ,big>reau ,htif ,b\lbon 7syn4 ( ,b\lebonn] ,kirs*e71 #bbd ,big>reau ,htif de ,*ampagne1 #bag ,big>reau ,htif de ,sa9t-,laud1 #bag ,big>reau de ,h$elf+5 7syn4 ( ,h$elf+571 #bgd ,big>reau de ,hilde%eim 7syn4 ( ,hilde%eim71 #add ,big>reau d',italie1 #bah ,big>reau ,jab\lay 7syn4 ( ,lyons71 #afa ,big>reau ,jacquet1 #bah ,big>reau jaune 7syn4 ( ,dankelmannskirs*e71 #bdj ,big>reau jaune de ,dniss5 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,dnniss571 #baf ,big>reau jaune de ,gro? 7syn4 ( ,gro? ,gelbe ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bfh ,big>reau ,jum>d1 #bah ,big>reau de ,kronb]g 7syn4 ( ,kronb]g] ,kirs*e71 #bhe ,big>reau ,krg]1 #bah ,big>reau ,legrey1 #bah ,big>reau de ,loire 7syn4 ( ,big>reau de ,lory71 #bah ,big>reau ,longue ,queue 7syn4 ( ,dunkelro! ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bdf ,big>reau de ,lory1 #bah ,big>reau de ,lyon 7syn4 ( ,lyons71 #afa ,big>reau ,m>jeollais 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,m>jolet71 #bah ,big>reau ,m>jolet1 #bah ,big>reau ( ,mezel 7syn4 ( ,mezel71 #afg ,big>reau ,mong91 #bah ,big>reau ,mon/reuse de ,bavay1 #bai ,big>reau mon/reux de ,baltava 7syn4 ( ,baltav>71 #baj ,big>reau ,mon/rueux 7syn4 ( ,mezel71 #afg ,big>reau ,moreau1 #bai ,big>reau de ,naples 7syn4 ( ,naples71 #cjj ,big>reau ,napolon ,noir1 #bai ,big>reau ,noir ,bttn] 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e71 #bii ,big>reau-noir *air trs-f]me 7syn4 ( ,fe/fleis*ige ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bea ,big>reau ,noir d',ecully1 #bai ,big>reau ,noir d',espagne 7syn4 ( ,black ,he>t71 #ajf ,big>reau noir d',espagne 7syn4 ( ,black ,spani%71 #bbc ,big>reau noir de ,g]m]sdorf 7syn4 ( ,g]m]sdorf71 #bei ,big>reau ,noir ,gros ,fruits1 #bai ,big>reau noir de ,gub5 7syn4 ( ,gub571 #bfh ,big>reau noir ,htif 7syn4 ( ,black ,big>reau71 #bbb ,big>reau ,noir de ,he9tz51 #bai ,big>reau-noir de ,knight 7syn4 ( ,knight ,late ,black71 #bhc ,big>reau noir de ,krg] 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,krg]71 #bah ,big>reau noir de ,lamp 7syn4 ( ,lamp5 ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bhg ,big>reau ,noir ,napolon ,,iii 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,napolon ,noir71 #bai ,big>reau noir de ,savoie 7syn4 ( ,black ,big>reau ( ,savoy71 #bbb ,big>reau ,noir de ,tabor1 #bai ,big>reau noir de ,tilgn] 7syn4 ( ,tilgn] ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e71 #cbf ,big>reau noir ,w9kl] 7syn4 ( ,w9kl] ,black71 #cce ,big>reau noire de ,spitz 7syn4 ( ,spitz5s ,h]zkirs*e71 #cbb ,big>reau d',octobre1 #bai ,big>reau de l',once1 #bbj ,big>reau ,plissi]1 #ajb ,big>reau petit fruit blanc 7syn4 ( ,flam5t9e71 #beb ,big>reau petit fruit r\ge htif 7syn4 ( ,kle9e ,bunte ,frhkirs*e71 #bhb ,big>reau pleureur 7syn4 ( ,weep+ ,black ,big>reau71 #cca ,big>reau ,ponctu 7syn4 ( ,punktirte ,m>morkirs*e71 #cji ,big>reau ,p\rpr1 #bbj ,big>reau ,pr9ce ,royal de ,hanovre 7syn4 ( ,kronpr9z von ,hannov]71 #bhe ,big>reau ,pr9tani] d',oull9s1 #bbj ,big>reau ,rev]*on1 #bbj ,big>reau ,ri*elieu1 #bbj ,big>reau ,rival 7syn4 ( ,rival71 #caa ,big>reau de ,rocmont 7syn4 ( ,belle de ,rocmont71 #bab ,big>reau ,rosa1 #bbj ,big>reau ,rose ,dragon1 #bbj ,big>reau r\ge de ,bttn] 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,ro! ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bbh ,big>reau ,r\ge ,fonc 7syn4 ( ,dunkelro! ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bdf ,big>reau ,r\ge de ,gub5 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,r$ ,big>reau71 #bdh ,big>reau r\ge htif 7petit7 7syn4 ( ,kle9e ,bunte ,frhkirs*e71 #bhb ,big>reau ,r\ge ,t>dif de ,bttn] 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,spte ,ro! ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bbi ,big>reau r\ge de ,tilg5] 7syn4 ( ,tilgn] ,ro! ,h]zkirs*e71 #cbf ,big>reau de ,sauvigny 7syn4 ( ,sauvigny ,knorpelkirs*e71 #cae ,big>reau de ,s*leihahn 7syn4 ( ,s*leihahn ,sweet71 #caf ,big>reau de ,s*reck51 #bbj ,big>reau ,/ri1 #bba ,big>reau ,t>dif ,bttn] 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,spte ,wei*sel71 #bbi ,big>reau ,t>dif de ,hilde%eim 7syn4 ( ,hilde%eim71 #adc ,big>reau ,t>dif de ,lad 7syn4 ( ,lad ,late71 #bhf ,big>reau ,t>dif de ,lieke 7syn4 ( ,lieke ,bunte ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bia ,big>reau-t>dif de ,me9+5 7syn4 ( ,me9+] ,spte ,knorpelkirs*e71 #big ,big>reau ,t\pie 7syn4 ( ,t\pie71 #cbg ,big>reau de ,trie1 #bba ,big>reau ,tro*ets1 #bba ,big>reau ,turca1 #bba ,big>reau ,violet 7syn4 ( ,dunkelro! ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bdf ,big>reau de ,walpurgis1 #bba ,big>reau ,w]d] 7syn4 ( ,w]d] ,e>ly ,black71 #ccb ,big>reau de ,zeisb]g1 #bba ,big>reau ,zs*$[itz] ,s*w>ze1 #bba ,big>reauti] fruit jaune 7syn4 ( ,dankelmannskirs*e71 #bdj ,big>reauti] gr&es feuilles 7syn4 ( ,tobacco-,leav$71 #cbf ,big>reauti] de ,naples 7syn4 ( ,neapolitanis*e ,molk5kirs*e71 #cjj ,big>reauti] petit fruit htif 7syn4 ( ,flam5t9e71 #beb ,big>reauti] ,petit ,fruit ,noir1 #bba ,big>reauti] ,petit ,fruit ,rose1 #bbb ,big>reauti] petit fruit r\ge 7syn4 ( ,kle9e ,bunte ,frhkirs*e71 #bhb ,big>reauti] rameaux p5dants 7syn4 ( ,?rn5 ,muskatell]kirs*e71 #cbf ,bigu>re ,*]rie 7syn4 ( ,yell[ ,spani%71 #bjb ,bill & ,coo1 #bbb ,b+1 #ajc ,bism>ck1 #bbb ,black1 ,j4 ,h41 v>4 orig4 )1 #cjf ,black ,am]ican1 #bbb ,black ,big>reau1 #bbb ,black ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,mann+ ,late ,black71 #bie ,black ,big>reau ( ,savoy1 #bbb ,black ,bohemian 7syn4 ( ,big>reau d',italie71 #bah ,black ,eagle 7syn4 ( ,eagle71 #abf ,black ,guigne1 #ajd ,black ,hawk1 #aje ,black ,he>t1 #aje ,black ,hung>ian ,gean1 #bbb ,black ,m>g>et1 #bbc ,black ,ma/odon 7syn4 ( ,ma/odon71 #bif ,black ,prolific1 #bbc ,black ,republican 7syn4 ( ,republican71 #aha ,black ,spani%1 #bbc ,black ,t>t>ian1 #ajg ,black ,turkey ,he>t1 #bbc ,blasse ,johanni ,kirs*e1 #bbc ,ble$+ ,he>t1 #ajh ,blei*ro! ,glaskirs*e 7syn4 ( ,c]ise ,r\ge ,pale71 #bcc ,bloem-k]s d\ble 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,d\bles71 #beb2 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,semi-d\bles71 #bec ,bloodgood1 ,daniel1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bjh ,blu!rzkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,ble$+ ,he>t71 #aji ,blutro! ,molk5kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,ble$+ ,he>t71 #aji ,bocage1 #bbc ,bohemian ,black ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,big>reau d',italie71 #bah ,bohemian ,que51 #bbc ,bon ,bon1 #bbc ,bonamy1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bic ,bonnema91 ,augu/e1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bfj ,bonnema9 7syn4 ( ,gloire de ,france71 #bfj ,book1 #bbc ,bopp>d1 #bbc ,bopp>d] ,frhkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,bopp>d71 #bbc ,bopp>d's ,e>ly 7syn4 ( ,bopp>d71 #bbc ,boquet ,morello1 #bbc ,boreatton1 #bbd ,bordan1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bae ,bordans frhe weisse ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,bordan71 #bae ,bordans ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,bordan71 #bae ,bo/ock1 quot$1 #de ,b\ghton ,e>ly ,black ,duke1 #bbd ,b\lebonn] ,kirs*e1 #bbd ,b\nt ,dantzic1 #bbd ,b\quet-,h]zkirs*e1 #bbd ,b\quetwei*sel1 #bbd ,b\rgueil1 #aji ,b\ssieu] ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bbd ,b[]s1 ,john1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bbd ,b[]s' ,se$l+s1 #bbd ,boyd ,e>ly ,black1 #bbe ,boy]'s ,e>ly 7syn4 ( ,b[y] ,e>ly ,he>t71 #bbe ,b[y] ,e>ly ,he>t1 #bbe ,br&on1 #bbe ,br&yw9e1 #bbe ,brant1 #bbe ,brass+ton1 #bbe ,braunau] ,am>elle 7syn4 ( ,braunau] ,glaskirs*e71 #bbe ,braunau] ,glaskirs*e1 #bbe ,braune ro! ,sau]kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,braunrote wei*sel71 #bbf ,braune ,soodkirs*e1 #bbf ,braune ,spanis*e ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,braune ,spanis*e ,kirs*e71 #bbf ,braune ,spanis*e ,kirs*e1 #bbf ,braunrote ,wei*sel1 #bbf ,bretonneau1 ,pi]re1 v>4 orig4 )1 #aaj1 #bdf1 #cje ,briggs1 ,j4 ,a41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bbf ,briggs ,sweet1 #bbf ,br9ckle1 ,john ,r41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bbe ,br9dilles1 #bbf ,br[n ,be/1 #bbf ,br[n ,se$l+s1 #bbf ,bruce1 quot$1 #fa-fb ,brussel] ,braune1 #aaj ,brssels*e ,bruyn 7syn4 ( ,brussel] ,braune71 #aaj ,buckatzs* ,weisse ,h]zkirs*e1 #bbg ,buckatzs* ,weisse ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bbg ,budd1 ,j4 ,l41 quot$1 #gd2 v>4 introduc$ by1 #ig1 #ajb1 #aaa1 #abc1 #abi1 #adc1 #adg1 #aeh1 #afj1 #ahh1 #aie1 #bjg1 #bbd1 #bbg1 #bcb1 #bdc1 #bed1 #bfc1 #bge1 #bhj1 #bha1 #big1 #cjc1 #cab1 #cah1 #cai1 #cbb1 #ccj1 #ccf ,budd1 ,no4 #ecc1 #bbg ,buffalo1 #bbg ,bunte ,am>elle1 #aab ,bunte ,morello1 #bbg ,burbank1 #bbg ,burbank1 ,lu!r1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bje1 #bbg1 #bei ,burbank ,e>ly 7syn4 ( ,burbank71 #bbg ,bur*>dt1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bbg ,bur*>dts ,s*w>ze ,ros5obel1 #bbg ,burghley ,p>k1 #bbg ,burr1 #bbh ,burr1 ,z]a1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bbh ,bttn]1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bbh1 #bbi ,bttn] ,gelbe ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bbh ,bttn] ,ro! ,h]zkirs*e1 #bbh ,bttn] ,ro! ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bbh ,bttn] ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e1 #bbh ,bttn] ,s*w>ze ,sau]kirs*e1 #bbi ,bttn] ,spte ,ro! ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bbi ,bttn] ,spte ,wei*sel1 #bbi ,bttn]'s h>te ,m>morkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,spte ,ro! ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bbi ,bttn]'s ,late ,r$ 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,spte ,ro! ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bbi ,bttn]'s ,octob] 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,spte ,wei*sel71 #bbi ,bttn]'s ,octob] ,morello 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,spte ,wei*sel71 #bbi ,bttn]'s ,octob] ,zuck] ,wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,spte ,wei*sel71 #bbi ,bttn]'s ro! ,m>morkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,ro! ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bbh ,bttn]'s ro! ,molk5kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,ro! ,h]zkirs*e71 #bbh ,bttn]'s s*w>ze neue ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e71 #bbi ,bttn]'s s*w>ze neue ,sau]kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,s*w>ze ,sau]kirs*e71 #bbi ,bttn]'s ,sehrspte 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,spte ,wei*sel71 #bbi ,bttn]'s ,septemb] und ,octob]wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,spte ,wei*sel71 #bbi ,bttn]'s ,yell[ 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,gelbe ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bbh ,byrnville1 #bcj ,cali=nia ,advance1 #aac ,cameleon1 #bcj ,c>d9alskirs*e1 #bcj ,c>m9e ,/ripe1 #bcj ,c>nation1 #aad ,c>ol9e1 #bcj ,catskill1 #bcj ,cay5n] ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,cay5ne71 #bae ,c5t5nial1 #aae ,c]aseidos apetala 7syn4 ( ,p4 apetala71 #ba2 7syn4 ( ,p4 incisa71 #bj ,c]asus1 gr\p "n (1 #b2 sub-g5us ( ,prunus1 #ae ,c]asus acida 7syn4 ( ,p4 ,c]asus71 #bd ,c]asus aspl5ifolia 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,c]asus au/]a 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #bd ,c]asus ,avium 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,c]asus big>ella1 #cj2 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #be ,c]asus big>ella regalis1 #ca ,c]asus ,bungei 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #be ,c]asus cali=nica 7syn4 ( ,p4 em>g9ata71 #af ,c]asus ,caproniana 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #bd ,c]asus caproniana flore roseo pl5o 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata hisakura71 #ah ,c]asus cucullata 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #be ,c]asus decumana 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,c]asus depressa 7syn4 ( ,p4 pumila71 #cd ,c]asus don>ium 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata gr&iflora71 #ah ,c]asus dulcis 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,c]asus durac9a 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,c]asus effusa 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #be ,c]asus gl&ulosa 7syn4 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa71 #ba ,c]asus glauca 7syn4 ( ,p4 pumila71 #cd ,c]asus ,heaumiana 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #be ,c]asus h]9cquiana 7syn4 ( ,p4 p5dula71 #bj ,c]asus het]ophylla 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,c]asus hort5ses 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #bd ,c]asus hort5sis foliis elegant] v>iegatis 7syn4 ( ,/rip$-,leav$71 #cbc ,c]asus incisa 7syn4 ( ,p4 incisa71 #bj ,c]asus int]m$ia 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,c]asus itosakura 7syn4 ( ,p4 p5dula71 #bj ,c]asus japonica 7syn4 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa tri*o/yla s95sis71 #ba ,c]asus japonica multiplex 7syn4 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa glabra albipl5a71 #ba ,c]asus ,juliana 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,c]asus lannesiana 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata lannesiana71 #ah ,c]asus macrophylla 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,c]asus mahaleb 7syn4 ( ,p4 mahaleb71 #ca ,c]asus ,m>asca 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #be ,c]asus nicotianaefolia 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #bd ,c]asus nigra 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,c]asus pallida 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,c]asus paniculata 7syn4 ( ,p4 pseudoc]asus sieboldii71 #ag ,c]asus p5dula 7syn4 ( ,p4 p5dula71 #bj ,c]asus p5dula flore roseo 7syn4 ( ,p4 p5dula71 #bj ,c]asus p5dula krieg]i 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata krieg]i71 #ah ,c]asus p5dula rosea 7syn4 ( ,p4 p5dula71 #bj ,c]asus pho%ia 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asoides71 #ai ,c]asus pseudoc]asus 7syn4 ( ,p4 pseudoc]asus71 #ag2 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata71 #ah ,c]asus pseudoc]asus ,james ,veit* 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata veit*iana71 #ah ,c]asus puddum 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asoides71 #ai ,c]asus pumila 7syn4 ( ,p4 pumila71 #cd ,c]asus regalis1 #ca ,c]asus ,rhexii 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #be ,c]asus rubicunda 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,c]asus rufa 7syn4 ( ,p4 rufa71 #ai ,c]asus salicifolia 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,c]asus s]ratifolia rosea 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata hisakura71 #ah ,c]asus s]rulata 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata71 #ah ,c]asus sieboldtii 7syn4 ( ,p4 pseudoc]asus sieboldii71 #ag ,c]asus tom5tosa 7syn4 ( ,p4 tom5tosa71 #cc ,c]asus trid5t9a 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #be ,c]asus v>ia 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,c]asus vulg>is 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #bd ,c]asus wat]]i 7syn4 ( ,p4 pseudoc]asus wat]]i71 #ag ,c]asus watt]]ii 7syn4 ( ,p4 pseudoc]asus wat]]i71 #ag ,c]ise ,albanes1 #bcj ,c]ise d',allemagne 7syn4 ( ,g]man ,morello71 #beh ,c]ise ,anglaise 7syn4 ( ,c]ise ,guigne71 #bcb ,c]ise d',anglet]re ,prcoce1 #bcj ,c]ise de l',ard*e1 #bcj ,c]ise ,bellon1 #bcj ,c]ise de la ,besn>dire1 #bca ,c]ise du ,bic5t5aire1 #bca ,c]ise ,blan*e ,petit ,fruit1 #bca ,c]ise de ,b\rgueil 7syn4 ( ,b\rgueil71 #aji ,c]ise ,c>m9e 7syn4 ( ,c>m9e ,/ripe71 #bcj ,c]ise ,commune1 #bca ,c]ise ,commune 7syn4 ( ,griotte ,commune71 #bfb ,c]ise ,commune 7de la ,madele9e7 7syn4 ( ,madele9e71 #bid ,c]ise du ,comte de ,h5neb]g 7syn4 ( ,h5neb]g] ,graf5kirs*e71 #bgd ,c]ise ,ctes1 #bca ,c]ise ,c\rte ,queue 7syn4 ( ,%ort-,/em ,montmor5cy71 #ahg ,c]ise d',espagne1 #bca ,c]ise de l',esvire 7syn4 ( ,c]ise de ,prusse71 #bcb ,c]ise la ,feuille1 #bca ,c]ise ,feuilles big>res 7syn4 ( ,tobacco-,leav$71 #cbf ,c]ise de ,folg] 7syn4 ( ,folg]ktrs*e71 #bec ,c]ise de ,gembl\x1 #bca ,c]ise de ,gottorpe 7syn4 ( ,gottorp]71 #bfa ,c]ise ,graisseuse 7syn4 ( ,speckkirs*e71 #cba ,c]ise ,gros ,fruit 7syn4 ( ,%ort-,/em ,montmor5cy71 #ahg ,c]ise ,guigne1 #bca ,c]ise ,htive 7syn4 ( ,ssse ,frhwei*sel71 #cbd ,c]ise ,l>d 7syn4 ( ,speckkirs*e71 #cba ,c]ise de ,mai ,d\ble1 #bcb ,c]ise de ,mai ,simple1 #bcb ,c]ise de ,m>tign1 #bcb ,c]ise ,noyau t5dre 7syn4 ( ,s(t-/one ,*]ry71 #cbj ,c]ise ,orange 7syn4 ( ,pom]anz571 #cjf ,c]ise d',orange 7syn4 ( ,c>nation71 #aad ,c]ise de ,o/heim1 #bcb ,c]ise du ,palat9at 7syn4 ( ,vels]71 #cbi ,c]ise de petit-lait r\ge 7syn4 ( ,ro! ,molk5kirs*e71 #cac ,c]ise de ,plan*\ri 7syn4 ( ,plan*\ry71 #cje ,c]ise de ,portugal 7syn4 ( ,ar* ,duke71 #ih ,c]ise de ,prague t>dive 7syn4 ( ,pragis*e ,muskatell]71 #cjg ,c]ise prcoce d',alt5laud 7syn4 ( ,alt5l&] ,frhkirs*e71 #bjf ,c]ise du ,pr9ce ,maurice1 #bcb ,c]ise de ,prusse1 #bcb ,c]ise de ,prusse noire 7syn4 ( ,c]ise de ,prusse71 #bcb ,c]ise de ,r\5 ,d\ble1 #bcb ,c]ise de ,r\5 ,simple1 #bcb ,c]ise ,r\ge ,pale1 #bcc ,c]ise ,r\ge ,sangu9e1 #bcc ,c]ise ,royale 7syn4 ( ,royal ,duke71 #ahd ,c]ise ,royale de ,holl&e 7syn4 ( ,ar* ,duke71 #ih ,c]ise ,royale ,ord9aire1 #bcc ,c]ise ,royale ,t>dive ,d',anglet]re 7syn4 ( ,holman ,duke71 #bgf ,c]ise de ,sauvigny 7syn4 ( ,montmor5cy de ,sauvigny71 #bih ,c]ise de ,seckba* 7syn4 ( ,seckba*]71 #cah ,c]ise de ,soissons1 #bcc ,c]ise de ,ti]c1 #bcc ,c]ise ,tro*et 7syn4 ( ,c]isi] ,trs-f]tile71 #bcd ,c]ise van d] ,nat 7syn4 ( ,d\ble ,natte71 #abc ,c]ise de ,volg] 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,ri*mond71 #acb ,c]ise ,walpurgis 7syn4 ( ,big>reau de ,walpurgis71 #bba ,c]ise de ,xavi]1 #bcc ,c]ise de ,zeisb]g 7syn4 ( ,big>reau de ,zeisb]g71 #bba ,c]isi] ,b\quet 7syn4 ( ,clu/]71 #aai ,c]isi] ,commun ,fruit ,rond1 #bcc ,c]isi] ,commun ,pleureur1 #bcc ,c]isi] c\l>d de ,holl& 7syn4 ( ,c\l>de71 #bci ,c]isi] cuculle 7syn4 ( ,griotti] ,feuilles ,cuculles71 #bfd ,c]isi] ,feuilles ,lac9iees1 #bcd ,c]isi] ,feuilles de ,saule 7syn4 ( ,will[-,leav$71 #cce ,c]isi] ,fruit ,ambr1 ,fruit ,blanc 7syn4 ( ,*oisy71 #aaf ,c]isi] ,gros ,fruit ,blanc1 #bcd ,c]isi] ,gros ,fruit ,r\ge-ple 7syn4 ( ,c]ise ,r\ge ,pale71 #bcc ,c]isi] ,htif 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,ri*mond71 #acb ,c]isi] de ,holl&e 7syn4 ( ,c\l>de71 #bch ,c]isi] de ,holl&e feuilles de saule ou de balsam9e 7syn4 ( ,will[-,leav$71 #cce ,c]isi] juniat 7syn4 ( ,june ,am>elle71 #bgi ,c]isi] de la ,madle9e 7syn4 ( ,madele9e71 #bid ,c]isi] ,na9 ,fruit ,rond ,prcoce 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,may71 #abh ,c]isi] ,royal ,t>dif ,fruit ,noir1 #bcd ,c]isi] ,trs-f]tile1 #bcd ,c]isi] de ,v>5ne1 #bcd ,*all5ge1 #bcd ,*ampagne1 #bcd ,*ampion1 #bce ,*apman1 #bce ,*apman1 ,h5ry1 v>4 orig4 by1 #aaf ,*apman1 ,w4 ,h41 v>4 orig4 by1 #aac1 #bce1 #bif1 #cji ,*>oz1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bga ,*ase1 ,lewis1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bib ,*ase1 ,r4 ,g41 v>4 introduc$ by1 #bcj ,*at5ay1 v>4 orig4 )1 #afc ,*]esoto1 #bce ,*]ries1 adaptions (1 9 ,am]ica1 #ee-ef2 amelioration (1 #h-i2 anci5t hi/ory (1 #dj2 anci5t use (1 #ci-dj2 beg9n+ ( dome/ication (1 #db-dd2 bloom+ dates & season ( rip5+ (1 #hj-ha2 *>act]s ( b>k1 bran*es & buds (1 #aa-ab2 *>act]s ( fl[]s & fruit (1 #ac-ad2 *>act]s ( leaves (1 #ab-ac2 classification ( cultivat$ v>ieties (1 #ae2 cultivat$1 orig9 (1 #da-db2 diseases (1 #hh-ib2 di/ribution ( cultivat$ v>ieties (1 #c2 dome/ication (1 #h2 e>ly plant+ (1 9 ,am]ica1 #ef2 geographical di/ribution ( species (1 #bc-bd1 gr\ps (1 by ,g]man writ]s1 #di2 habit ( gr[? ( species (1 #aj2 h>d9ess ( species (1 #aj2 hi/ory (1 9 ,engl&1 #di-ee2 hi/ory (1 9 ,greece1 #db-dd2 hi/ory (1 9 ,italy1 #dd-dh2 hi/ory (1 9 ,new ,engl&1 #eg-eh2 hi/ory (1 9 ,new ,york1 #ei-fa2 hi/ory (1 9 ! ,middle ,we/1 #fb2 hi/ory (1 9 ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury1 #dh-di2 hi/ory (1 9 ! ,s\?1 #fa-fb2 hi/ory (1 on ! ,pacific ,coa/1 #fb-fd2 immunity (1 to diseases & insects1 #aj-aa2 insects detrim5tal to1 #ib-if2 lack ( lit]ature (1 #g2 li/ (1 gr[+ 9 ,am]ica 9 #ahjd1 #fj-fa2 m9or species (1 #ch2 natural environm5t (1 #gf-hj2 numb] ( describ$ v>ieties (1 #h2 orig9 ( describ$ v>ieties (1 #i2 ornam5tal value (1 #f-g2 poll9ation (1 #hb-hc2 productiv5ess (1 #aj2 relation (1 to o!r species1 #a-b2 sep>ation (1 f plums1 #b2 species (1 #af-ch2 /ocks =1 #fg-gf2 susceptibility (1 to diseases & insects1 #aj-aa2 tree & fruit *>act]s ( species (1 #i-ae2 uses ( fruit (1 #c-f2 uses ( leaves & b>k (1 #f2 wood-value ( species (1 #f ,*]ry culture1 comm]cial magnitude (1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #fe-fg ,*]ry or*>ds1 _! c>e & managem5t1 #hc-hd ,*]ry-,duck 7syn4 ( ,holman ,duke71 #bgf ,*]ry-gr[+1 comm]cial /atus (1 9 ,new ,york1 #he-hh ,*9a ,big>reau1 #bcf ,*9a ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,*9a ,big>reau71 #bcf ,*oisy1 #aaf ,*oque1 #bcf ,*ri/1 v>4 orig4 by1 #cac ,*ri/bau]1 #bcf ,*ri/iana1 #bcf ,*ur*ill ,he>t1 #bcf ,ci/5a1 #bcf ,cl>k ,septemb]1 #bcf ,clevel&1 #aah ,cl+man1 ,a4 ,k41 v>4 orig4 )1 #bib ,clu/]1 #aai ,clu/] ,black ,he>t1 #bcf ,coburg] ,maih]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,black ,guigne71 #ajd ,cockl91 ,e4 ,h41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ade2 v>4 introduc$ by1 #bcf ,cockl9 ,favorite1 #bcf ,coe1 #abj ,coe1 ,curtis1 v>4 orig4 by1 #abj ,coe ,late ,c>nation1 #bcg ,coe's ,bunte ,transp>5t 7syn4 ( ,coe71 #abj ,coe's ,spte ,rote ,kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,coe ,late ,c>nation71 #bcg ,coe's ,transp>5t 7syn4 ( ,coe71 #abj ,coeur de ,boeuf n\veau 7syn4 ( ,ox ,he>t ( ,am]ica71 #cjc ,coeur de ,pigeon ,gros 7syn4 ( ,belle de ,rocmont71 #bab ,coeur de ,pigeon ,noir1 #bcg ,coeur de ,p\le1 #bcg ,colassale d',h$elf+5 7syn4 ( ,h$elf+571 #bgd ,cole1 #bcg ,collman1 ,a4 ,f41 v>4 orig4 )1 #bch ,colorado ,morello 7syn4 ( ,engli% ,morello71 #aci ,columbia1 #bcg ,common ,fr5* ,griotte 7syn4 ( ,griotte ,commune71 #bfb ,common ,morello1 #bcg ,common ,r$ ,morello 7syn4 ( ,common ,morello71 #bcg ,como1 #bcg ,comtesse de ,mdicis ,spada1 #bcg ,cond1 #bcg ,cone/oga1 #bcg ,con/ance ,mais91 #bch ,cook1 ,/ev51 v>4 orig4 )1 #bch1 #big ,cook ,imp]ial1 #bch ,cornelia1 #bch ,corn+1 #bch ,corone1 #bch ,corw91 #bch ,c\l>de1 #bch ,c\rte-p5du de ,gaib]g 7syn4 ( ,c\rte-queue de ,gaib]g71 #bci ,c\rte-queue de ,gaib]g1 #bci ,c\rt91 v>4 orig4 )1 #cbj ,coxe1 quot$1 #fh-fi ,craw=d1 #bci ,cream 7syn4 ( ,honey71 #bgf ,cr[n ,pr9ce1 #bci ,cs]szeg] ,honigkirs*e1 #bci ,cull5 ,*]rie1 #bci ,cumb]l&1 #bci ,cumb]l& ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,cumb]l&71 #bci ,cumb]l& ,spice 7syn4 ( ,cumb]l&71 #bci ,cyclone1 #bci ,dacotah1 #bdj ,daib] ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bdj ,dankelmannskirs*e1 #bdj ,dankelmann's ,molk5kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,dankelmannskirs*e71 #bdj ,dankelmann's ,weisse ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,dankelmannskirs*e71 #bdj ,d',a\t ,erfurt 7syn4 ( ,erfurt] ,augu/kirs*e71 #bej ,d' ,aremb]g 7syn4 ( ,re9e ,hort5se71 #agi ,datge1 #bdj ,dav5port1 #bdj ,dav5port1 ,edw>d1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bdj ,dav5port's ,e>ly 7syn4 ( ,dav5port71 #bdj ,dav5port's ,e>ly ,black 7syn4 ( ,dav5port71 #bdj ,dav5port's ,e>ly ,r$ 7syn4 ( ,dav5port71 #bdj ,de ,belleu1 #bdj ,de ,*aux 7syn4 ( ,g]man ,morello71 #beh ,de ,jacap1 #bdj ,de ,jonghe1 v>4 orig4 by1 #cbg ,de ,rava5e1 #bdj ,de ,sibrie 7syn4 ( ,dw>f ,sib]ian71 #bdg ,de ,sibrie fruit rond 7syn4 ( ,dw>f ,sib]ian71 #bdg ,de ,sibrie gros fruit et rameaux p5dans1 #bda ,de ,spa1 #bda ,de ,vaux1 #bda ,de>born1 ,h4 ,a4 ,s41 v>4 introduc$ by1 #afc ,de>born ,r$ ,fr5*1 #bda ,de*5aut1 #bda ,delaw>e ,ble$+ ,he>t1 #bda ,delicate1 #bda ,dlices d',erfurt 7syn4 ( ,erfurt] ,augu/kirs*e71 #bej ,dlicieuse1 #bda ,d5n] ,black1 #bda ,des ,*5eaux1 #bda ,deuts*e ,belzwei*sel1 #bda ,deuts*e ,griotte 7syn4 ( ,g]man ,morello71 #beh ,deuts*e ,wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,g]man ,morello71 #beh ,deuts*] ,griotti] ,wei*selbaum 7syn4 ( ,g]man ,morello71 #beh ,dikeman1 #aba ,dikeman1 ,george ,b41 v>4 orig4 )1 #aba ,disnod] ,gewrzkirs*e1 #bda ,dit/1 #bda ,dobbeete ,morell]1 #bdb ,doctay1 #bdb ,doctor1 #bdb ,dr4 ,flynn1 #bdb ,dr4 ,wiseman1 #bdb ,doctorkirs*e1 #bdb ,doctorknorpelkirs*e1 #bdb ,dollan] ,s*w>ze1 #bdb ,donna ,m>ia1 #bdc ,dnniss5s gelbe ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,dnniss571 #baf ,doppelte ,am>elle 7syn4 ( ,doppelte ,wei*sel71 #bdc ,doppelte ,wei*sel1 #bdc ,doppelttrag5de ,kle9e ,ro! ,sptkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,hilde%eim71 #adc ,doro!5kirs*e1 #bdc ,drrells ,neue ,himbe]kirs*e1 #bdc ,doty1 #bdc ,d\ble ,fl\r$ ,*]ry 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,d\bles71 #beb ,d\ble ,glass1 #abb ,d\ble ,natte1 #abc ,d\ble ,yell[ ,spani%1 #bdc ,d\blet1 v>4 orig4 by1 #baa ,d\ce de ,b>d[ick1 #bdc ,d\ce d',espagne 7syn4 ( ,ssse ,spanis*e71 #cbd ,d\ce de ,palat9at 7syn4 ( ,vels]71 #cbi ,d\gall1 #bdc ,d\gall1 ,james1 v>4 introduc$ by1 #bdc1 #cca2 v>4 orig4 )1 #aih ,d\l9 ,big>reau1 #bdc ,dove ,bank1 #bdc ,d[n]1 #abd ,d[n]1 ,samuel1 v>4 orig4 by1 #abd ,d[n]'s ,late 7syn4 ( ,d[n]71 #abd ,d[n]'s ,r$ ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,d[n]71 #abd ,d[n+1 ,a4 ,j41 life (1 #bdd2 quot$1 #gj1 #aeg2 v>4 orig4 by1 #bdd ,d[n+1 ,*>les1 life (1 #bcd-bce2 v>4 orig4 by1 #bcd ,d[n+ ,r$ ,creek1 #bdd ,d[n+'s ,sml+ 7syn4 ( ,d[n+ ,r$ ,*eek71 #bdd ,d[nton1 #bdd ,d[nton] ,molk5kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,d[nton71 #bdd ,dresd5] ,mai ,h]zkirs*e1 #bde ,drogan1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bde ,drogan ,:ite ,big>reau1 #bde ,drogan ,yell[ ,big>reau1 #bde ,drogans ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bde ,drogan's ,weisse ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,drogan ,:ite ,big>reau71 #bde ,droop+ ,guigne1 #bde ,du ,comte ,egg]1 #bde ,du ,nord ,n\velle1 #bde ,du*esse d',ang\lme1 #bde ,du*esse de ,palluau1 #bdf ,dudley1 ,paul1 quot$1 #eh ,duhamel1 quot$1 #gj1 #aci ,duke ,*]ry 7syn4 ( ,may ,duke71 #afd ,duke *]ries1 *>act]s (1 #ca ,duke ( ,ed9burgh1 #bdf ,dumas1 #bdf ,dunkelro! ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bdf ,duraccia1 #bdf ,dure ,noir ,grosse1 #bdg ,dure de ,sauvigny 7syn4 ( ,sauvigny ,knorpelkirs*e71 #cae ,dut* ,weep+ 7syn4 ( ,dw>f ,sib]ian71 #bdg ,dw>f ,d\ble ,fl[]+ 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,d\bles71 #bec ,dw>f ,sib]ian1 #bdg ,dyeh\se1 #abe ,dyeh\se1 v>4 orig4 by1 #abf ,eagle1 #abf ,e>ly ,am>ella1 #bdg ,e>ly ,amb]1 #bdg ,e>ly ,black ,big>reau1 #bdg ,e>ly ,eug5e1 #bdg ,e>ly ,griotte 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,ri*mond71 #acb ,e>ly ,guigne 7syn4 ( ,flam5t9e71 #beb ,e>ly ,jab\lay 7syn4 ( ,lyons71 #afa ,e>ly ,lamaurie 7syn4 ( ,lamaurie71 #bhg ,e>ly ,lyons 7syn4 ( ,lyons71 #afa ,e>ly ,ma!re 7syn4 ( ,guigne ,prcoce de ,ma?re71 #bga ,e>ly ,may1 #abh ,e>ly ,may1 #bdg ,e>ly ,morello1 #abi ,e>ly ,prolific1 #bdh ,e>ly ,purple1 #acj ,e>ly ,purple ,guigne 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,purple71 #acj ,e>ly ,r$ & ,yell[1 #bdh ,e>ly ,r$ ,big>reau1 #bdh ,e>ly ,r$ ,guigne1 #bdh ,e>ly ,ri*mond1 #aca ,e>ly ,riv]s1 #bdh ,e>ly ,:ite ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,flam5t9e71 #beb ,e>ly ,:ite ,guigne 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,guigne ,blan*e71 #bff ,e>ly ,york1 #bdh ,eb5t] ,*]ry1 #bdi ,ecully] ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,noir d',ecully71 #bai ,ed\>d ,s5eclause1 #bdi ,elfn] ,kirs*e1 #bdi ,elizabe?1 #bdi ,elkhorn1 #acd ,elliott1 ,f4 ,r41 life (1 #aei2 quot$1 #ga1 #aig2 v>4 introduc$ by1 #aei ,elliott's ,favorite 7syn4 ( ,favorite71 #bea ,elton1 #ace ,emp]or ,francis1 #bdi ,empress ,eug5ie1 #acg ,englis*e ,s*w>ze ,kronh]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,corone71 #bch ,englis*e ,we9kirs*e1 #bdi ,englis*e weisse ganz frhe ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,englis*e ,weisse ,h]zkirs*e71 #bej ,englis*e ,weisse ,h]zkirs*e1 #bej ,engli% ,amb]1 #bdi ,engli% ,be>]1 #bdi ,engli% ,gask91 #bdi ,engli% ,morello1 #ach2 susceptibility (1 to leaf spot1 #aa ,engli% ,pres]ve 7syn4 ( ,engli% ,be>]71 #bdi ,enopa1 #bej p]vi] ,noir 7syn4 ( ,black ,hawk71 #aje ,episcopale1 #bej ,epp]s ,wei*sel1 #bej ,erfurt ,delici\s 7syn4 ( ,erfurt] ,augu/kirs*e71 #bej ,erfurt] ,augu/kirs*e1 #bej ,esel ,kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,may ,duke71 #afd ,espagne big>re 7syn4 ( ,p]lknorpelkirs*e71 #cje ,etopa1 #bej ,eugne ,fur/1 #bej ,eug5ie 7syn4 ( ,empress ,eug5ie7 #acg ,euprunus1 sub-g5us ( ,prunus1 #ae ,ev]be>+1 #bea ,excell5te ,d\ce ,t>dive1 #bea ,eyami1 #bea ,ezaptan1 #bea ,fav]%am ,he>t1 #bea ,favorite1 #bea ,f5no1 ,j4 ,h41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cja ,f5)1 ,george1 quot$1 #eh ,fe/fleis*ige ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bea ,flagg1 #beb ,flam5t9e1 #beb ,fl&]s 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,ri*mond71 #aca ,fl&]s ,clu/] 7syn4 ( ,clu/]71 #aai ,flemi% 7syn4 ( ,l>ge ,montmor5cy71 #aec2 7syn4 ( ,%ort-,/em ,montmor5cy71 #ahg ,flemi% ,gean1 #beb ,flemi% ,col\r$ ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,elton71 #ace ,fleurs ,d\bles1 #beb ,fleurs ,semi-d\bles1 #bec ,flor5ce1 #adj ,flor5ce ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,flor5ce71 #adj ,florian] ,kirs*e1 #bec ,flynn1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bdb ,folg]kirs*e1 #bec ,folg]s ,swolfe1 #bed ,=sy?1 quot$1 #fh ,f\*e ,morello1 #bed ,f\r to ! ,p\nd 7syn4 ( ,tobacco-,leav$71 #cbf ,franzsi*e ,ssswei*sel 7syn4 ( ,c]ise de ,soissons71 #bcc ,fras]'s ,:ite ,t>t>ian 7syn4 ( ,:ite ,t>t>ian71 #ccc ,frau5dorf]1 #bed ,frau5dorf] ,wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,frau5dorf]71 #bed ,fr5* 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,ri*mond71 #acb ,fr5* ,am>elle1 #bed ,fr5* ,wei*sel1 #bed ,frogmore ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,frogmore ,e>ly ,big>reau71 #bed ,frogmore ,e>ly ,big>reau1 #bed ,frogmore ,e>ly ,cr[n1 #bed ,frogmore ,e>ly ,prolific 7syn4 ( ,frogmore ,e>ly ,big>reau71 #bed ,frogmore ,late ,big>reau1 #bee ,frogmore ,morrelo1 #bee ,fromm1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bee ,fromm ,he>t1 #bee ,fromms ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,fromm ,he>t71 #bee ,frhe ,b]n/e9kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,:ite ,he>t71 #aig ,frhe bunte ,h]zkirs*e1 #bee ,frhe ,englis*e ,kirs*e aus ,lw5 7syn4 ( ,lw5] ,frhkirs*e71 #bib ,frhe ,kurz/ielige ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bee ,frhe ,lange ,weisse ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,frhe bunte ,h]zkirs*e71 #bee ,frhe ,lem]ci] 7syn4 ( ,lem]ci]71 #bij ,frhe ,maih]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,baumann ,may71 #ajj ,frhe ,maikirs*e1 #bee ,frhe ,morello1 #bee ,frhe ,natte aus ,sam5 7syn4 ( ,frhe von d] ,natte71 #bef ,frhe ,sau]kirs*e1 #bef ,frhe ,s*att5morelle 7syn4 ( ,%ad[ ,am>elle71 #cah ,frhe ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,black ,guigne71 #ajd2 7syn4 ( ,black ,he>t71 #ajf ,frhe ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bef ,frhe ,ssswei*sel von d] ,natt 7syn4 ( ,frhe von d] ,natte71 #bef ,frhe von d] ,natte1 #bef ,frhe ,zw]gwei*sel 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,may71 #abh ,frh] ,gobet1 #bef ,frhe/e ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e1 #bef ,frhe/e bunte ,molk5kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,frhe/e ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e71 #bef ,frhe/e d] ,m>k1 #beg ,frhkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,frhe/e ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e71 #bef ,frhzeitige ,am>elle 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,ri*mond71 #acb ,fr/ ,s*w>ze ,septemb]kirs*e1 #beg ,fr/'s ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,eugne ,fur/71 #bej ,galop9 7syn4 ( ,lutovka71 #afj ,galu%a1 #beg ,gamdale1 #beg ,g>c9e1 #beg ,g>c9e1 v>4 orig4 by1 #beg ,g>d9]1 #beg ,g>dn]1 ,v4 ,r41 quot$1 #hb-hc ,gascoigne 7syn4 ( ,ble$+ ,he>t71 #aji ,gascoigne's ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,ble$+ ,he>t71 #aji ,gask9s1 #beg ,gau*]s ,knorpelkirs*e1 #beg ,gante de ,badacson 7syn4 ( ,badacsony71 #bji ,gante d',h$elf+5 7syn4 ( ,h$elf+571 #bgd ,g$oppelte ,am>elle mit halbgefllt] ,blte 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,semi-d\bles71 #bec ,ge]1 #beg ,geflltblh5de ,am>elle 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,d\bles71 #bec ,geflltblh5de ,ssskirs*e 7syn4 ( ,l>ge ,d\ble ,fl[]+71 #bhg ,gefllt] ,kirs*baume 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,semi-d\bles71 #bec ,gelbe ,h]zkirs*e1 #beg ,gelbe ,wa*skirs*e1 #beh ,geme9e ,glaskirs*e1 #beh ,geme9e ,m>morkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,yell[ ,spani%71 #bjb ,geme9e ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e71 #bfg ,geme9e ,ssswei*sel 7syn4 ( ,griotte ,commune71 #bfb ,g5esee1 #beh ,george ,glass1 #ada ,g]>de1 quot$1 #ea1 #eb1 #ec1 #ed1 #ee ,g]man1 #beh ,g]man ,duke 7syn4 ( ,g]man ,morello71 #beh ,g]man 7,kraus7 7syn4 ( ,g]man71 #beh ,g]man ,morello1 #beh ,g]m]sdorf1 #bei ,g]m]sdorf] ,grosse ,kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,g]m]sdorf71 #bei ,ges*iltztblttrige ,ssswei*sel1 #bei ,ge/riefte ,h]zkirs*e1 #bei ,gewhnli*e ,muskatell]kirs*e1 #bei ,giant1 #bei ,gibb1 #bei ,gif=d1 #bei ,gilb]t1 ,r41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bbg ,glanz5de goldgelb und ro? m>morirte ,kramelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,belle de ,rocmont71 #bab ,gla%]zkirs*e1 #bei ,glaskirs*e mit dickgefllt] ,bl! 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,d\bles71 #beb ,glaskirs*e mit halbgefllt] ,bl! 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,semi-d\bles71 #bec ,glaskirs*e von d] ,natte1 #bfj ,glas-,molk5kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,gla%]zkirs*e71 #bei ,glass 7syn4 ( ,d\ble ,glass71 #abb ,glasskirs*e ,kurz/ielige1 #bfj ,gloire de ,france1 #bfj ,gobet ,c\rte ,queue 7syn4 ( ,%ort-,/em ,montmor5cy71 #ahg ,gobet ,htif 7syn4 ( ,frh] ,gobet71 #bef ,gold5 ,knob1 #bfj ,goldgelbe ,h]zkirs*e1 #bfj ,goldsmi? ,black ,he>t1 #bfj ,goodspe$1 #bfj ,gormley1 #bfj ,gormley1 ,john1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bfj ,gottorp]1 #bfa ,gottorp] ,m>morkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,gottorp]71 #bfa ,g\ld ,no4 ,x1 #bfa ,gov]nor ,luce1 #bfa ,gov4 ,%annon 7syn4 ( ,%annon71 #cai ,gov]nor ,wood 7syn4 ( ,wood71 #aii ,graf5burg] ,frhkirs*e1 #bfa ,graffion 7syn4 ( ,yell[ ,spani%71 #bjb ,graham1 #bfa ,gr&1 v>4 introduc$ by1 #bag ,gr&e ,ronde1 #bfa ,great ,be>+1 #bfa ,great ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,mezel71 #afg ,great ,cornelian 7syn4 ( ,d\ble ,glass71 #abb ,great ,leaf$1 #bfa ,great rose 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,d\bles71 #beb ,gr5n] ,glas1 #bfa ,gridley1 #bfa ,gridley1 ,samuel1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bfa ,griotte 7syn4 ( ,griotte ,commune71 #bfb ,griotte ,a*]1 #bfb ,griotte d',allemagne 7syn4 ( ,g]man ,morello71 #beh ,griotte de ,bett5b\rg 7syn4 ( ,bett5burg] ,wei*sel71 #bad ,griotte ,b\quet 7syn4 ( ,clu/]71 #aai ,griotte de ,bttn]1 #bfb ,griotte de ,*aux 7syn4 ( ,g]man ,morello71 #beh ,griotte ,commune1 #bfb ,griotte ,c\rte ,queue 7syn4 ( ,imp]ial ,morello71 #bgh ,griotte ,d\ble 7syn4 ( ,griotte ,a*]71 #bfb ,griotte ,d\ce ,prcoce1 #bfb ,griotte de ,frau5dorf 7syn4 ( ,frau5dorf]71 #bed ,griotte gros fruit noir de ,pimont 7syn4 ( ,griotte ,noire de ,pimont71 #bfc ,griotte gros fruit r\ge de ,pimont 7syn4 ( ,griotte ,r\ge de ,pimont71 #bfd ,griotte ,guigne 7syn4 ( ,c]ise ,guigne71 #bcb ,griotte ,impriale 7syn4 ( ,imp]ial ,morello71 #bgh ,griotte ,klep>ite 7syn4 ( ,griotte de ,klep>[71 #bfc ,griotte de ,klep>[1 #bfc ,griotte de ,lopold 7syn4 ( ,leopoldskirs*e71 #bij ,griotte ,lodigiana1 #bfc ,griotte ,noire1 #bfc ,griotte ,noire de ,pimont1 #bfc ,griotte ,noire des ,vosges 7syn4 ( ,noire des ,vosges71 #cja ,griotte du ,nord ,amliore1 #bfc ,griotte ,petit ,fruit1 #bfc ,griotte de ,portugal 7syn4 ( ,ar* ,duke71 #ih ,griotte ,prcoce1 #bfc ,griotte ,prcoce d',espagne 7syn4 ( ,spanis*e ,frhwei*sel71 #cbj ,griotte r\ge fonc 7syn4 ( ,braunrote ,wei*sel71 #bbf ,griotte ,r\ge de ,pimont1 #bfd ,griotte de ,s*a>beck1 #bfd ,griotte simple 7syn4 ( ,griotte ,commune71 #bfb ,griotte ,t>dive d',annecy1 #bfd ,griotte ,t>dive de ,bttn] 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,spte ,wei*sel71 #bbi ,griotte ,t>dive de ,plombires1 #bfd ,griotte de ,toscane1 #bfd ,griotte de ,turquie1 #bfd ,griotte de ,well+ton 7syn4 ( ,well+ton71 #ccb ,griotti] ,feuilles ,cuculles1 #bfd ,griotti] feuilles de ,p*] 7syn4 ( ,will[-,leav$71 #cce ,griotti] feuilles de ,saule 7syn4 ( ,will[-,leav$71 #cce ,griotti] ,fruit ,aigre1 #bfd ,griotti] ,longues ,feuilles1 #bfd ,griotti] ,na9 ,prcoce 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,may71 #abh ,griotti] ,wei*selbaum 7syn4 ( ,griotte ,commune71 #bfb ,groll ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bfd ,grolls bunte ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,groll71 #bag ,gros ,big>reau ,blanc 7syn4 ( ,napoleon71 #aga ,gros ,big>reau coeur-de-,p\le 7syn4 ( ,coeur de ,p\le71 #bcg ,gros ,big>reau ,noir 7syn4 ( ,elkhorn71 #acd ,gros ,big>reau p\rpr 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,p\rpr71 #bbj ,gros ,big>reau ,rond1 #bfe ,gros ,gobet 7syn4 ( ,%ort-,/em ,montmor5cy71 #ahg ,gros ,gu9d\l ,htif1 #bfe ,gross blttrige ,molk5kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,tobacco-,leav$71 #cbf ,grosse ,blan*e ,c>re1 #bfe ,grosse ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e1 #bfe ,grosse bunte ,molk5kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e71 #bfe ,grosse ,c]ise ,ratafia 7syn4 ( ,engli% ,morello71 #aci ,grosse ,c]ise des ,religieuses 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,nonn5kirs*e71 #bff ,grosse ,c]ise ,transp>5te 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,glaskirs*e71 #bfe ,grosse ,deuts*e ,belzkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,g]man ,morello71 #beh ,grosse dunkel braunro! ,kramelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,fe/fleis*ige ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bea ,grosse ,fri$ri*skirs*e1 #bfe ,grosse glnz5de s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,guigne ,noir ,luisante71 #bgj ,grosse ,glas-,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,gla%]zkirs*e71 #bei ,grosse ,glaskirs*e1 #bfe ,grosse ,glaskirs*e von ,montmor5cy 7syn4 ( ,l>ge ,montmor5cy71 #aec ,grosse ,gomballoise1 #bfe ,grosse-,griotte v9 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,we9kirs*e71 #bfh ,grosse ,guigne ,blan*e1 #bfe ,grosse ,guigne ,noire ,c\rt ,pdicelle1 #bff ,grosse ,guigne noire luisante 7syn4 ( ,guigne ,noir ,luisante71 #bgj ,grosse ,hck]ige ,m>morkirs*e1 #bff ,grosse ,lange ,lo?kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,engli% ,morello71 #aci ,grosse ,mogulkirs*e1 #bff ,grosse ,morelle1 #bff ,grosse ,morelle d\ble 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,morelle71 #bff ,grosse ,nonn5kirs*e1 #bff ,grosse ,pic>de1 #bff ,grosse ,s*w>ze ,frhe ,h]zkirs*e1 #bfg ,grosse s*w>ze ,glanzkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,pr9z5kirs*e71 #cjh ,grosse ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e1 #bfg ,grosse ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,elkhorn71 #acd ,grosse s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e mit fe/em ,fleis* 7syn4 ( ,fe/fleis*ige ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bea ,grosse s*w>ze ung>is*e ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,ung>is*e ,kirs*e71 #bfg ,grosse ,spanis*e ,wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,spanis*e ,glaskirs*e71 #cbj ,grosse spte ,am>elle 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,t>dive71 #bfg ,grosse ,spte ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bfg ,grosse ,ssse ,maih]zkirs*e1 #bfg ,grosse ,ssse ,maikirs*e 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,ssse ,maih]zkirs*e71 #bfg ,grosse ,t>dive1 #bfg ,grosse ,transp>5te1 #bfg ,grosse ,ung>is*e ,kirs*e1 #bfg ,grosse de ,v]rires1 #bfg ,grosse de ,wagnellee1 #bfh ,grosse ,we9kirs*e1 #bfh ,grosse ,weisse ,frhkirs*e1 #bfh ,grosse ,weisse ,m>morkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,napoleon71 #agb ,grosse wohltrag5de hollndis*e ,morell 7syn4 ( ,wohltrag5de ,hollndis*e ,kirs*e71 #cce ,gross] ,gobet 7syn4 ( ,l>ge ,montmor5cy71 #aec ,gross] weiss] glnz5d] ,h]zkirs*baum 7syn4 ( ,gelbe ,h]zkirs*e71 #beg ,gro? ,braune ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bfh ,gro? ,gelbe ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bfh ,gro?'s ,wa*skirs*e 7syn4 ( ,gro? ,gelbe ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bfh ,grn/iel-,kirs*e1 #bfh ,gub51 #bfh ,gub5] ,b]n/e9kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,ambre de ,gub571 #bjg ,gub5] ,s*w>ze ,knorpel 7syn4 ( ,gub571 #bfh ,gub5s ,ehre1 #bfh ,guigne d',annonay 7syn4 ( ,guigne la ,plus ,htive71 #bga ,guigne ,anglaise ,blan*e ,prcoce1 #bfh ,guigne d',argovie1 #bfh ,guigne de ,bett5b\rg 7syn4 ( ,bett5burg] ,h]zkirs*e71 #bad ,guigne ,bigaudelle 7syn4 ( ,black ,guigne71 #ajd ,guigne ,blan*e 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,guigne ,blan*e71 #bff ,guigne ,blan*e de ,bordan 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,bordan71 #bae ,guigne ,blan*e ,prcoce1 #bfi ,guigne ,blan*e de ,w9kl] 7syn4 ( ,guigne ,c>ne ,w9kl]71 #bfi ,guigne ,bonne ,alo/oise1 #bfi ,guigne brune de ,liefeld 7syn4 ( ,liefeld ,braune71 #bia ,guigne de ,buxeuil1 #bfi ,guigne ,c>ne ,w9kl]1 #bfi ,guigne de ,*amblondes1 #bfi ,guigne ,*amonale1 #bfi ,guigne ,*avanne1 #bfi ,guigne ,*oque 7syn4 ( ,*oque71 #bcf ,guigne ,co 7syn4 ( ,coe71 #abj ,guigne c\rte queue 7syn4 ( ,guigne ,c\rte-queue d',oull9s71 #bfi ,guigne ,c\rte-queue d',oull9s1 #bfi ,guigne ,d[nton 7syn4 ( ,d[nton71 #bdd ,guigne ,e>ly ,riv]s 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,riv]s71 #bdh ,guigne ,ec>late1 #bfi ,guigne de l',escali]1 #bfi ,guigne de ,gl&1 #bfi ,guigne gros fruit blanc 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,guigne ,blan*e71 #bfe ,guigne ,gros ,fruit ,noir ,htif 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,s*w>ze ,frhe ,h]zkirs*e71 #bfg ,guigne ,grosse ambre 7syn4 ( ,gelbe ,h]zkirs*e71 #beg ,guigne ,grosse ,r\ge ,htive1 #bfi ,guigne ,grosse ,r\ge ,t>dive1 #bgj ,guigne ,gu9dole1 #bgj ,guigne ,htive d',elsdorf1 #bgj ,guigne-htive de ,s*neid] 7syn4 ( ,s*neid] ,frhe ,h]zkirs*e71 #caf ,guigne ,htive de ,w]d] 7syn4 ( ,w]d] ,e>ly ,black71 #ccb ,guigne ,jaune 7syn4 ( ,gelbe ,h]zkirs*e71 #beg ,guigne de ,krug] 7syn4 ( ,krg] ,h]zkirs*e71 #bhe ,guigne ,luci5 7syn4 ( ,luci571 #bic ,guigne ,ludwig 7syn4 ( ,ludwig ,big>reau71 #bic ,guigne de ,mai 7syn4 ( ,baumann ,may71 #ajj ,guigne ,m>bre1 #bgj ,guigne m>bre prcoce 7syn4 ( ,guigne la ,plus ,htive71 #bga ,guigne ,m>ie ,besn>d1 #bgj ,guigne ,m>jolet 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,m>jolet71 #bah ,guigne mre de ,p>is 7syn4 ( ,spte ,maulbe]kirs*e71 #cba ,guigne de ,nice1 #bgj ,guigne ,noir ,luisante1 #bgj ,guigne ,noire ,anci5ne 7syn4 ( ,black ,he>t71 #ajf ,guigne ,noire ,commune 7syn4 ( ,black ,guigne71 #ajd ,guigne ,noire ,gros ,fruit 7syn4 ( ,black ,t>t>ian71 #ajg ,guigne ,noire ,htive1 #bgj ,guigne noire htive gros fruits 7syn4 ( ,guigne ,noir ,luisante71 #bgj ,guigne ,noire de ,mon/reux1 #bga ,guigne noire ,spitz 7syn4 ( ,spitz5s ,h]zkirs*e71 #cbb ,guigne ,n\velle ,espce1 #bga ,guigne ,olive1 #bga ,guigne pana*e longue prcoce 7syn4 ( ,frhe bunte ,h]zkirs*e71 #bee ,guigne pana*e prcoce 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,amb]71 #bdg ,guigne pana*e trs-prcoce 7syn4 ( ,frhe/e ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e71 #bef ,guigne ,petite ,blan*e1 #bga ,guigne ,petite ,r\ge1 #bga ,guigne la ,plus ,htive1 #bga ,guigne ,prcoce ,leo d',ounons1 #bga ,guigne ,prcoce de ,mai 7syn4 ( ,baumann ,may71 #ajj ,guigne ,prcoce de ,ma?re1 #bga ,guigne ,prcoce ,ponctue1 #bga ,guigne de ,prov5ce1 #bga ,guigne ,ramon ,oliva1 #bga ,guigne ,re9ette noire 7syn4 ( ,guigne ,noir ,luisante71 #bgj ,guigne ,rose ,htive1 #bga ,guigne ,r\ge ,commune1 #bgb ,guigne ,r\ge ,htive 7syn4 ( ,ble$+ ,he>t71 #aji ,guigne ,r\ge ,ponctue1 #bgb ,guigne ,royale 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,d\ble ,royale71 #baf ,guigne de ,russie ,fruit ,blanc1 #bgb ,guigne sucre de ,lon ,lecl]c 7syn4 ( ,sucre ,lon ,lecl]c71 #cbc ,guigne de ,t>ascon 7syn4 ( ,t>ascon ,kirs*e71 #cbd ,guigne ,t>dive de ,d[n] 7syn4 ( ,d[n]71 #abd ,guigne de ,tilg5] 7syn4 ( ,tilgn] ,ro! ,h]zkirs*e71 #cbf ,guigne ,trs ,prcoce1 #bgb ,guigne ,tropri*tz 7syn4 ( ,tropri*t]s ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e71 #cbh ,guigne van d] ,broek1 #bgb ,guigne ,vill5euve1 #bgb ,guigne de ,w9kl] 7syn4 ( ,guigne ,c>ne ,w9kl]71 #bfi ,guigni] ,fruit ,noir 7syn4 ( ,black ,he>t71 #ajf ,guigni] ,fruit ,noir et ,trs-long ,pdoncule1 #bgb ,guigni] fruit rose htif 7syn4 ( ,guigne ,rose ,htive71 #bgb ,guigni] ,fruit ,r\ge ,t>dif 7syn4 ( ,hilde%eim71 #adc ,guigni] gros fruit noir 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e71 #bfg ,guigni] ,gros ,fruit ,noir et ,c\rt ,pdoncule 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,guigne ,noire ,c\rt ,pdicelle71 #bff ,guigni] ,gros ,fruit noir htif 7syn4 ( ,guigne ,noire ,htive71 #bgj ,guigni] gros fruit noir luisant 7syn4 ( ,guigne ,noir ,luisante71 #bgj ,guigni] ,petit ,fruit ,noir1 #bgb ,guigni] rameaux p5dans 7syn4 ( ,droop+ ,guigne71 #bde ,gu9d\x ,noir de ,faix1 #bgb ,gu9d\x du ,poit\ 7syn4 ( ,imp]ial ,morello71 #bgh ,gu9d\x de ,prov5ce 7syn4 ( ,c]ise de ,prusse71 #bcb ,gunsleb] ,spte ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bgc ,halbgeflltblh5de ,am>elle 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,semi-d\bles71 #bec ,halbgeflltblh5de ,wei*sel1 #bgc ,halifax1 #bgc ,hallock1 #bgc ,hallock1 ,ni*olas1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bgc ,hall[ell1 #bgc ,hamell ,kirs*e1 #bgc ,hamels ,ariss51 #bgc ,h>rison's ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,napoleon71 #agb ,h>tlib1 #bgc ,h>tlippe1 #bgc ,h>tz ,m\nta91 #bgc ,htive de ,balis1 #bgc ,htive de ,l\va9 7syn4 ( ,lw5] ,frhkirs*e71 #bib ,htive de ,nattes 7syn4 ( ,frhe von d] ,natte71 #bef ,htive de ,pr91 #bgc ,htive de ,/4 ,jean1 #bgc ,htive ou ,prcoce1 #bgc ,headley1 #bgd ,healy1 #bgd ,he>t-,%ap$ ,griotte 7syn4 ( ,he>t-,%ap$ ,wei*sel71 #adb ,he>t-,%ap$ ,wei*sel1 #adb ,h$elf+51 #bgd ,h$elf+5 ,ris5kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,h$elf+571 #bgd ,h$wigs ,kirs*e1 #bgd ,heidelb]g] ,kirs*e1 #bgd ,heiges1 #bgd ,he9tz5 7,he9tze's7 ,frhe ,kirs*e1 #bgd ,he9tz5's 7,he9tze's7 ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,noir de ,he9tz571 #bai ,h5neb]g] ,graf5kirs*e1 #bgd ,h5r>d1 ,d5is1 v>4 orig4 by1 #cbg ,h5sel ,e>ly1 #bgd ,h]rnhus] neue ,o*s5h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,neue ,o*s5h]zkirs*e71 #cjj ,h]togs-,k]s 7syn4 ( ,elkhorn71 #acd ,h]zfrmige ,sau]kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,he>t-,%ap$ ,wei*sel71 #adb ,h]zfrmige ,ssswei*sel 7syn4 ( ,ro! ,h]zkirs*e71 #cac ,h]zkirs*e ,lona ,quesnel1 #bge ,h]zkirs*e ,napolon ,,iii 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,napolon ,noir71 #bai ,h]zkirs*e ,traub51 #bge ,h]zkirs*e ,wils ,frhe1 #bge ,h]zkirs*5baum mit grosse gefllt] ,bl! 7syn4 ( ,l>ge ,d\ble ,fl[]+71 #bhg ,h]zkirs*wei*sel1 #bge ,h]zog ,may1 #bge ,h]zog9 von ,ang\leme 7syn4 ( ,du*esse d',ang\lme71 #bde ,h]zog9 von ,paluau 7syn4 ( ,du*esse de ,palluau71 #bdf ,h]zogskirs*e 7syn4 ( ,ar* ,duke71 #ih ,hilde%eim1 #adc ,hilde%eim] ,ganz ,spte ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,hilde%eim71 #adc ,hilde%eim] ,spte ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,hilde%eim71 #add ,hill]1 ,casp]1 v>4 introduc$ by1 #bcg ,hoadley1 #bge ,ho*g5uss ,von ,erfurt 7syn4 ( ,erfurt] ,augu/kirs*e71 #bej ,hock5b]g1 #bge ,hogg ,black ,gean1 #bge ,hogg ,r$ ,gean1 #bge ,hoke1 #bge ,holl& ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,napoleon71 #agb ,holl& ,griotte 7syn4 ( ,c\l>de71 #bci ,hollndis*e ,folg]kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,folg]kirs*e71 #bec ,hollndis*e grosse ,kirs*e ,c\l>d 7syn4 ( ,c\l>de71 #bci ,hollndis*e ,grosse ,pr9zess9kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,napoleon71 #aga ,hollndis*e grosse ,wei*sel or ,c\l>d 7syn4 ( ,c\l>de71 #bci ,hll&is*e ,kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,hll&is*e ,spte ,wei*sel71 #bge ,hll&is*e ,spte ,wei*sel1 #bge ,hll&is*e ,ssswei*sel 7syn4 ( ,c\l>de71 #bci ,hll&is*e ,wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,hll&is*e ,spte ,wei*sel71 #bge ,hollndis*e ,wei*selbaum mil sehr gross] ,fru*t or ,c\l>d 7syn4 ( ,c\l>de71 #bch ,holman ,duke1 #bgf ,holme ,late ,duke1 #bgf ,hol/e91 #bgf ,hom]1 #bgf ,honey1 #bgf ,honey ,dew1 #bgf ,honey ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,sp>hawk71 #ahi ,honeywood1 #bgf ,hoppock1 ,cornelius1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bgg ,hoppock ,yell[1 #bgg ,hort5se 7syn4 ( ,re9e ,hort5se71 #agi ,ho%9o1 ,yugo1 quot$1 #ge ,hosk9s1 #bgg ,hosk9s1 ,c4 ,e41 life (1 #bgg2 v>4 orig4 by1 #bgd1 #bgg1 #bhf1 #bia1 #bif1 #cja1 #cji1 #cbc1 #ccj ,h\blon1 ,john1 v>4 orig1 )1 #ada ,hovey1 #bgg ,hovey1 ,c4 ,m41 v>4 orig4 )1 #bgg ,hoy1 #bgg ,hubb>d1 #bgh ,hung>ian ,*]ry ( ,zw]ts 7syn4 ( ,hung>ian ,gean71 #bgh ,hung>ian ,gean1 #bgh ,hyde1 ,t4 ,g41 v>4 orig4 )1 #bgh ,hyde ,late ,black1 #bgh ,hyde ,r$ ,he>t1 #bgh ,hyde's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,hyde ,r$ ,he>t71 #bgh ,ida1 #add ,impratrice ,d[nton 7syn4 ( ,d[nton71 #bdd ,imp]ial 7syn4 ( ,imp]ial ,morello71 #bgh ,imp]ial ,morello1 #bgh ,incomp>able en ,beaut1 #bgh ,+ram1 ,?omas1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bed1 #bee ,intorka1 #bgh ,irw91 v>4 orig4 by1 #cbe ,jab\lay1 v>4 orig4 )1 #afa ,jahns ,dur*si*tige 7syn1 ( ,transp>5t ,guigne71 #cbh ,jaune de ,prusse1 #bgi ,jean ,ar5ds51 #bgi ,jeffrey ,duke1 #adf ,jeffrey's ,royal 7syn4 ( ,jeffrey ,duke71 #adf ,j5k9 ,black ,he>t1 #bgi ,j]usalem ,kirs*e von d] ,natte1 #bgi ,j]usalemskirs*e1 #bgi ,jockotos 7syn4 ( ,jocosot71 #bgi ,jocosot1 #bgi ,joel ,keil ,kle9e ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e1 #bgi ,john ,tradescantes ,*]rie 7syn4 ( ,elkhorn71 #acd ,josselyn1 ,john1 quot$1 #eg ,june ,am>elle1 #bgi ,june ,duke1 #bhj ,june ,morello 7syn4 ( ,june ,am>elle71 #bgi ,juniat ,am>elle 7syn4 ( ,june ,am>elle71 #bgi ,junius ,am>elle 7syn4 ( ,june ,am>elle71 #bgi ,ju/9is*e ,am>elle 7syn4 ( ,ju/9is*e ,morello71 #bhj ,ju/9is*e ,morello1 #bhj ,kais] ,franz ,josef 7syn4 ( ,emp]or ,francis71 #bdi ,kais]li*e ,wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,imp]ial ,morello71 #bgh ,kamdesa1 #bhj ,kapp5blttrige ,ssswei*sel1 #bhj ,kapuz9] ,knorpel 7syn4 ( ,big>reau de ,capuc9s71 #bae ,kass91 v>4 orig4 by1 #bhj ,kass9 ,frhe ,h]zkirs*e1 #bhj ,katie1 #bhj ,kaufmann1 #bhj ,kazan ,se$l+1 #bhj ,kelly1 #bhj ,k5nicott1 #bha ,k5ti% 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,ri*mond71 #acb2 7syn4 ( ,late ,k5ti%71 #aeg ,k5ti% ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,:ite ,he>t71 #aig ,k5ti% ,dri]1 #bha ,k5ti% ,pres]ve1 #bha ,k5ti% ,r$ 7syn4 ( ,late ,k5ti%71 #aeg ,keokuk1 #bha ,ke/]t] ,frh ,kirs*e1 #bha ,k+ ,am>elle1 #adg ,k+ ,george ! ,second1 #bha ,k+ ,morello1 #bha ,k+'s ,*]ry 7syn4 ( ,k+ ,am>elle71 #adg ,k9sey1 ,samuel1 v>4 introduc$ by1 #ccj ,kir*heim]1 #bha ,kir*heim] ,wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,kir*heim]71 #bha ,kirs* von ,plan*\ry 7syn4 ( ,plan*\ry71 #cje ,kirs*e von ,basel1 #bha ,kirs*e von ,bn>dire 7syn4 ( ,c]ise de la ,besn>dire71 #bca ,kirs*e von d] ,natte 7syn4 ( ,d\ble ,natte71 #abc ,kirs*wass]1 manufacture (1 #d ,kirtl&1 #adh ,kirtl&1 ,b4 ,b41 v>1 orig4 by1 #bcf1 #bif ,kirtl&1 ,j4 ,p41 life (1 #bjj2 v>4 introduc$ by1 #aah2 v>4 orig4 by1 #aje1 #adh1 #ahc1 #bjj1 #bbb1 #bbe1 #bcj1 #bda1 #bdb1 #bdh1 #bea1 #bge1 #bgi1 #bha1 #bhb1 #bhh1 #bij1 #bia1 #bib1 #bid1 #cjb1 #cjc1 #cjf1 #cjg1 #caj1 #cai1 #cbd1 #cbe ,kirtl& ,morello1 #bhb ,kirtl&'s ,l>ge ,morello 7syn4 ( ,kirtl& ,morello71 #bhb ,kirtl&'s ,mammo? 7syn4 ( ,mammo?71 #bid ,kirtl&'s ,m>y 7syn4 ( ,kirtl&71 #adh ,kle9di5/1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bhb ,kle9di5/ ,braune ,knorpel1 #bhb ,kle9e ,am>elle1 #bhb ,kle9e ,ambra 7syn4 ( ,goldgelbe ,h]zkirs*e71 #bfj ,kle9e ,ambra1 or ,goldgelb] ,h]zkirs*baum 7syn4 ( ,goldgelbe ,h]zkirs*e71 #bfj ,kle9e ,bunte ,frhkirs*e1 #bhb ,kle9e ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e1 #bhb ,kle9e bunte ,molk5kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,kle9e ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e71 #bhb ,kle9e ,frhe ,am>elle1 #bhb ,kle9e frhe ro! ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,guigne ,rose ,htive71 #bga ,kle9e ,glaskirs*e von ,montmor5cy 7syn4 ( ,montmor5cy71 #afi ,kle9e ,natte1 #bhb ,kle9e ,nonn5kirs*e1 #bhc ,kle9e ,s*w>ze ,frhe ,h]zkirs*e1 #bhc ,kle9e ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e1 #bhc ,kle9e ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bhc ,kle9e ,weisse ,frhkirs*e1 #bhc ,kle9e weisse ,frhkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,guigne ,blan*e71 #bfe ,kle9e weisse ,p]lkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,dankelmannskirs*e71 #bdj ,kle9] ,frh] ,may ,h]zkirs*baum1 #bhc ,klep>avoska 7syn4 ( ,griotte de ,klep>[71 #bfc ,klep>[] ,ssswei*sel 7syn4 ( ,griotte de ,klep>[71 #bfc ,knapp1 #bhc ,knapp1 ,george1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bhc ,knevett's ,late ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,flor5ce71 #adj ,knight1 #adi ,knight1 ,t4 ,a41 v>4 orig4 by1 #abg1 #acf1 #aej1 #aif1 #bde ,knight ,late ,black1 #bhc ,knight's ,e>ly ,black 7syn4 ( ,knight71 #adi ,knights ,frhe ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,knight71 #adi ,knorpelkirs*e von ,clevel& 7syn4 ( ,clevel&71 #aah ,knudson1 #bhc ,knudson1 ,william ,o41 v>4 orig4 )1 #bhc ,knyasnaia ,sjev]a1 #bhd ,ko* ,spte ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bhd ,ko*s ,o/heim] ,wei*sel1 #bhd ,ko*s v]bess]te ,o/heim] ,wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,ko*s ,o/heim] ,wei*sel71 #bhd ,koehne1 species li/$ by1 #af-bb ,koep]1 #bhd ,kolaki1 #bhd ,knigli*e ,fleis*kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,d\ble ,royale71 #baf ,knigli*e ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,d\ble ,royale71 #baf ,knigli*e ,ssswei*sel 7syn4 ( ,jeffrey ,duke71 #adf ,knigskirs*e 7syn4 ( ,royal ,duke71 #ahd ,korkovany] ,kirs*e1 #bhd ,koslov1 #bhd ,koslov bu% ,morello 7syn4 ( ,koslov71 #bhd ,koslov-,morello 7syn4 ( ,koslov71 #bhd ,ko/elnice1 #bhe ,ko/elniti1 #bhe ,kramelkirs*5baum mit gross gefllt] ,bl! 7syn4 ( ,l>ge ,d\ble ,fl[]+71 #bhg ,kratos ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,hilde%eim71 #add ,kreiselkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,t\pie71 #cbg ,kriek van d5 ,broek1 #bhe ,kritz5dorf] ,e9si$ekirs*e1 #bhe ,kronb]g ,black ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,kronb]g] ,kirs*e71 #bhe ,kronb]g] ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,kronb]g] ,kirs*e71 #bhe ,kronb]g] ,kirs*e1 #bhe ,kronkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,kronb]g] ,kirs*e71 #bhe ,kronpr9z von ,hannov]1 #bhe ,krg] ,h]zkirs*e1 #bhe ,krg]s ,h]zkirs*e zu ,frankfurt 7syn4 ( ,krg] ,h]zkirs*e71 #bhe ,krg]s s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,krg] ,h]zkirs*e71 #bhe ,krg]'s ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,krg]71 #bah ,la ,nappe1 #bhf ,lacure 7,l>ge71 #bhf ,lacure 7,small71 #bhf ,lad1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bhf ,lad ,late1 #bhf ,lady ( ! ,lake1 #bhf ,lady ,s\?ampton1 #bhf ,lady ,s\?ampton's ,yell[ 7syn4 ( ,lady ,s\?ampton71 #bhf ,la$] ,kirseba]1 #bhf ,lake1 #bhf ,lak] or ,lok] ,bunte ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bhf ,lamaurie1 #bhg ,lamb]t1 #aea ,lamb]t1 ,j4 ,h41 v>4 orig4 by1 #aeb ,lamp5 ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bhg ,lamp]s ,knorpel-,kirs*e 7syn1 ( ,lamp5 ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bhg ,lanca/]1 #bhg ,lange ,m>morkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,napoleon71 #aga ,langsur] ,bra*twei*sel1 #bhg ,l>ge ,black ,big>reau ( ,savoy 7syn4 ( ,black ,big>reau ( ,savoy71 #bbb ,l>ge ,black ,gean1 #bhg ,l>ge ,d\ble ,fl[]+1 #bhg ,l>ge ,griotte1 #bhh ,l>ge ,gu9dolle1 #bhh ,l>ge ,he>t-%ap$ ,big>reau1 #bhh ,l>ge ,honey 7syn4 ( ,honey71 #bgf ,l>ge ,late ,r$ ,big>reau1 #bhh ,l>ge ,montmor5cy1 #aec ,l>ge ,morello 7syn4 ( ,engli% ,morello71 #aci2 7syn4 ( ,kirtl& ,morello71 #bhb ,l>ge ,r$ ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,r$ ,big>reau71 #caj ,l>ge ,spani%1 #bhh ,l>ose1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ahj1 #bhh ,l>ose 7syn4 ( ,l>oses ,glaskirs*e71 #bhh ,l>oses ,glaskirs*e1 #bhh ,late ,amb] 7syn4 ( ,cockl9 ,favorite71 #bcf ,late ,amb] ,gean 7syn4 ( ,amb] ,gean71 #bjg ,late ,big>reau1 #bhh ,late ,black ,big>reau1 #bhi ,late ,black ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,gub571 #bfh ,late ,duke1 #aee ,late ,gean1 #bhi ,late ,honey 7syn4 ( ,honey71 #bgf ,late ,k5ti%1 #aeg ,late ,l>ge ,black ,griotte1 #bhi ,late ,purple ,guigne1 #bhi ,late ,r$ ,guigne 7syn4 ( ,hilde%eim71 #adc ,late ,ri*mond1 #bhi ,late ,ripe1 #bhi ,late ,:ite ,guigne1 #bhi ,la?am1 #bhi ,lau]mannskirs*e 7syn4 ( ,napoleon71 #aga ,laura1 #bhi ,lawr5ce1 ,john1 quot$1 #fh ,lawson1 quot$1 #fb ,lea!r ,/ock+1 #bij ,lecl]c1 ,lon1 v>4 orig4 )1 #cbc ,leib1 #bij ,leitzkau]1 #bij ,leitzkau] ,e9ma*wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,leitzkau]71 #bij ,lem]ci]1 #bij ,lem]ci]1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bij ,lon ,lecl]cs ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,sucre ,lon ,lecl]c71 #cbc ,lopold 7,,ii71 #bij ,leopoldskirs*e1 #bij ,les*k5 7,les*ke's7 ,s*w>ze ,knorpel ,kirs*e1 #bia ,less] rose 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,semi-d\bles71 #bec ,le!1 #bia ,lewell+ 7syn4 ( ,republican71 #aha ,lewell+1 ,h5d]son1 life (1 #aea-aeb ,lewell+1 ,se?1 life (1 #aea-aeb2 v>4 orig4 by1 #ajc1 #aha1 #bia1 #cce ,liefeld ,braune1 #bia ,liegel's ,ssse ,frhwei*sel 7syn4 ( ,griotte ,d\ce ,prcoce71 #bfb ,lieke1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bhe1 #bia ,lieke ,bunte ,knorpelkirs*e1 #bia ,ligi]1 v>4 orig4 )1 #afh ,l9coln 7,i71 #bia ,l9coln 7,,ii71 #bia ,l9dley1 #bia ,lipp1 #bib ,lipp ,late ,blood 7syn4 ( ,lipp71 #bib ,li?am1 #bib ,li?au]1 #aeh ,little ,phil1 #bib ,logan1 #bib ,long ,f+]1 #bib ,long ,/em ,montmor5cy 7syn4 ( ,montmor5cy71 #afi ,look ,no ,fur!r1 #bib ,"l ,belhav5 ,:ite ,he>t1 #bib ,lo?aunn] ,erfurt]1 #bib ,lo?kirs*e1 #bib ,l\don1 quot$1 #gj ,l\is ,philippe1 #aeh ,l\ise1 #bib ,l\isiana ,iron ,clad1 #bib ,love ,apple 7syn4 ( ,tomato71 #cbg ,lw5] ,frhkirs*e1 #bib ,l[5] ,frhwei*sel1 #bib ,luci51 #bic ,ludwig ,big>reau1 #bic ,ludwig's ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,ludwig ,big>reau71 #bic ,luign1 ,m4 de1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bif ,lukew>d1 #bic ,lukew>d's ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,lukew>d71 #bic ,lundie ,guigne1 #bic ,lutovka1 #afj ,lyons1 #afa ,mc,adow1 #bic ,mc,adow1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bic ,mac,roach1 #bic ,mac,roach1 ,james1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bic ,madame ,c\rtois1 #bic ,madame ,grgoire1 #bid ,madele9e1 #bid ,madison1 #bid ,madison ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,madison71 #bid ,madison's ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,madison71 #bid ,magann1 #bid ,magse1 #bid ,magnifique1 #afc ,magnifique de ,daval1 #bid ,magog1 #bid ,mahaleb /ock1 comp>ison (1 ) ,mazz>d /ock1 #gb-gc2 hi/ory & value (1 #fi-gb ,major ,francis 7syn4 ( ,ox ,he>t ( ,am]ica71 #cjc ,mammo?1 #bid ,mammo? ,oxhe>t1 #bie ,mammu?kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,mammo?71 #bid ,mang]1 #bie ,mann+1 ,rob]t1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bdh1 #bid1 #bie1 #ccc ,mann+ ,black ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,mann+ ,late ,black71 #bie ,mann+ ,e>ly ,black1 #bie ,mann+ ,e>ly ,:ite ,he>t1 #bie ,mann+ ,late ,black1 #bie ,mann+ ,mottl$1 #bie ,maple ,he>t1 #bie ,maqu]lot1 v>4 introduc$ by1 #bgc ,m>as*9o1 hi/ory & manufacture (1 #d-e ,m>ells ,royal1 #bie ,m>gu]ite 7syn4 ( ,b5d] ( ,new ,york71 #bac ,m>ia ,gau*]1 #bie ,m>ie de ,*teauneuf1 #bie ,m>ie ,?rse1 #bif ,m>jolets ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,m>jolet71 #bah ,m>kirs*e1 #bif ,m>sotte1 #bif ,m>y1 #bif ,m>y 7syn4 ( ,kirtl&71 #adh ,mascall1 ,leon>d1 quot$1 #fh ,ma/] ,:ite ,he>t1 #bif ,ma/odon1 #bif ,matilda1 #bif ,matts1 #bif ,may 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,may71 #abh ,may ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,baumann ,may71 #ajj ,may ,*]ry 7syn4 ( ,may ,duke71 #afd ,may ,duke1 #afd ,may ,duke1 ,will[-leav$ 7syn4 ( ,will[-,leav$71 #cce ,may]'s kle9e s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,kle9e ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e71 #bhc ,mayo1 #bif ,maz>9e1 #bif ,mazz>d /ock1 comp>ison (1 ) ,mahaleb /ock1 #gb-gc2 hi/ory & value (1 #fg-fi ,m$nyansky1 #big ,me9+] ,spte ,knorpelkirs*e1 #big ,meiss5] ,weisse1 #big ,m]c]1 #aff ,m]ise ,fleur ,d\ble 7syn4 ( ,l>ge ,d\ble ,fl[]+71 #bhg ,m]ise ,grosse ,rose ,oblongue1 #big ,m]ise ,petite ,ronda1 #big ,m]isi] ,fa/igi1 #big ,m]iszi]e 7syn4 ( ,l>ge ,d\ble ,fl[]+71 #bhg ,m]veille de ,septemb] 7syn4 ( ,hilde%eim71 #adc ,mey]1 ,e41 v>4 introduc$ by1 #bgc1 #bih ,mezel1 #afg ,mi*igan1 #big ,mijur91 ,i4 ,v41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bhd ,mill]1 #big ,mill]1 ,david1 v>4 introduc$ by1 #bci ,millet1 #big ,m9nesota1 #big ,m9nesota ,o/heim1 #big ,m9nie1 #bih ,moduyansky 7syn4 ( ,m$nyansky71 #big ,monkirs*e ,rote1 #bih ,mon/reuse de ,mezel 7syn4 ( ,mezel71 #afg ,mon/r\s ,duke1 #bih ,mon/r\s ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,l>ge ,he>t-%ap$ ,big>reau71 #bhh ,mon/rueuse d',h$elf+5 7syn4 ( ,h$elf+571 #bgd ,mon/rueuse ,h5nequ9e1 #bih ,montmor5cy1 #afi2 immunity (1 to leaf spot1 #aa ,montmor5cy 7syn4 ( ,l>ge ,montmor5cy71 #aec ,montmor5cy de ,b\rgueil 7syn4 ( ,b\rgueil71 #aji ,montmor5cy ,ord9aire 7syn4 ( ,montmor5cy71 #afi ,montmor5cy ,pleureur1 #bih ,montmor5cy de ,sauvigny1 #bih ,montmor5cy ,/>k1 #bih ,montreuil1 #bih ,moorh\se1 #bii ,morella ,extra ,noir1 #bii ,morella ,wye1 #bii ,morelle von ,wilhelm%he1 #bii ,morell] ,lang/ilk$e ,sode1 #bii ,morgan1 ,j4 ,a41 v>4 introduc$ by1 #beh ,morisco1 #bii ,morocco1 #bii ,mort5 ,se$l+1 #bii ,mosely1 ,john1 v>4 orig4 by1 #cjj ,mosl] ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e1 #bii ,mottl$ ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,mann+ ,mottl$71 #bie ,moy] ,honey ,he>t1 #bii ,mckelb]g] ,grosse1 #bii ,mll]1 ,hugo ,m41 quot$1 #di ,murdock1 #bii ,murdock1 ,john ,r4 & ,a41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bii1 #cac ,murdocks' ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,murdo*71 #bii ,muscat de ,prague 7syn4 ( ,pragis*e ,muskatell]71 #cjg ,muscat des ,l>mes 7syn4 ( ,?rn5 ,muskatell]kirs*e71 #cbf ,nancy1 #bii ,naples1 #cjj ,napoleon1 #aga ,napolon ,noir 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,napolon ,noir71 #bai ,napolita9e 7syn4 ( ,neapolitanis*e ,molk5kirs*e71 #cjj ,natte htive de semis 7syn4 ( ,frhe von d] ,natte71 #bef ,ne ,plus ,ultra1 #cjj ,neapolitanis*e ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,naples71 #cjj ,neapolitanis*e ,molk5kirs*e1 #cjj ,nebraska ,sweet1 #cjj ,nelson ,k5ti%1 #cjj ,neue ,englis*e ,kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,neue ,englis*e ,wei*sel71 #cjj ,neue ,englis*e ,wei*sel1 #cjj ,neue ,o*s5h]zkirs*e1 #cjj ,neumann ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e1 #cjj ,new ,c5tury1 #cjj ,new ,frogmore ,morello 7syn4 ( ,frogmore ,morrelo71 #bee ,new ,l>ge ,black ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,black ,big>reau ( ,savoy71 #bbb ,new ,royal1 #cja ,ni5burg] ,frhe ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e1 #cja ,noble1 #cja ,noire des ,vosges1 #cja ,noire ,htive de ,cob\rg 7syn4 ( ,black ,guigne71 #ajd ,nomblot1 ,alfr$1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bad ,nonp>eil1 #cja ,norfolk1 #cja ,norma1 #cja ,nor!a/1 #cja ,nor!rn ,griotte 7syn4 ( ,engli% ,morello71 #aci ,nor?we/1 #cja ,n\velle ,guigne des ,boeufs 7syn4 ( ,neue ,o*s5h]zkirs*e71 #cjj ,n\velle ,royale1 #agd ,occid5t1 #cja ,ohio ,beauty1 #cjb ,okiya1 #cjb ,oktob]-,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau d',octobre71 #bai ,oliv]1 #cjb ,olivet1 #age ,opata1 #cjb ,oregon1 #cjb ,orel1 #cjb ,orel ,no4 #bc 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,morello71 #abi ,orel ,no4 #bd1 #cjc ,orel ,no4 #bf 7syn4 ( ,orel ,sweet71 #cjc ,orel ,sweet1 #cjc ,orlan ,smi?1 #cjc ,orleans1 #cjc ,osceola1 #cjc ,o/heim1 #agf ,o/heim 7syn4 ( ,c]ise de ,o/heim71 #bcb2 7syn4 ( ,m9nesota ,o/heim71 #big ,o/heim 7( ,morris71 #cjc ,o!llo1 #cjc ,ounce 7syn4 ( ,tobacco-,leav$71 #cbf ,owanka1 #cjc ,ox ,he>t1 #agh ,ox ,he>t 7( ,am]ica71 #cjc ,padus1 g5us (1 #ae ,padus *]ries1 di/+ui%+ *>act]s (1 #c2 use (1 #g ,padus mahaleb 7syn4 ( ,p4 ,mahaleb71 #ca ,p&ys ,glaskirs*e1 #cjd ,p>amdam1 #cjd ,p>5t1 #cjd ,p>etz] ,h]zkirs*e1 #cjd ,p>is] ,griotte1 #cjd ,p>isian ,gu9d\x1 #cjd ,p>k9son1 ,john1 quot$ #ih1 #acd1 #bci1 #bgc1 #bhf1 #bib1 #bii1 #cbi ,paul1 #cjd ,paul1 ,e4 ,v4 ,d41 v>4 orig4 )1 #cjd ,paul9e de ,vigny1 #cjd ,pea*-,blossom$1 #cjd ,pease1 #cjd ,pease1 ,*>les1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bch1 #bdj1 #bhf1 #bhi ,pease1 ,*>les1 ,sr41 v>4 orig4 )1 #bii1 #cjd ,plissi]s ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,plissi]71 #ajb ,p]lkirs*e1 #cjd ,p]lknorpelkirs*e1 #cje ,p]lm>morkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,p]lknorpelkirs*e71 #cje ,petit ,big>reau ,htif 7syn4 ( ,kle9e ,bunte ,frhkirs*e71 #bhb ,petite ,big>reau htif 7syn4 ( ,flam5t9e71 #beb ,petite ,morelle1 #cje ,pflz] ,ssswei*sel 7syn4 ( ,vels]71 #cbi ,pfitzmann ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e1 #cje ,pie ,*]ry 7syn4 ( ,late ,k5ti%71 #aeg ,pi]ce1 ,amos1 v>4 orig4 )1 #cje ,pi]ce ,late1 #cje ,pigeon ,he>t ,big>reau 7syn4 ( ,belle de ,rocmont71 #bab ,pigeon's ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,belle de ,rocmont71 #bab ,p9k ,he>t1 #cje ,plan*\ry1 #cje ,plattg$rckte ,s*att5morelle1 #cje ,plum/one1 #cje ,plum/one ,morello 7syn4 ( ,plum/one71 #cje ,plym\? 7syn4 ( ,plym\? ,rock71 #cjf ,plym\? ,rock1 #cjf ,podiebrad1 #cjf ,podiebrad ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,podiebrad71 #cjf ,pohlnis*e ,kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,griotte de ,klep>[71 #bfc ,po9t$ ,guigne1 #cjf ,poit\ griotte 7syn4 ( ,imp]ial ,morello71 #bgh ,polnis*e grosse ,wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,griotte de ,klep>[71 #bfc ,polnis*e ,wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,griotte de ,klep>[71 #bfc ,pol/$1 #cjf ,polton ,gean1 #cjf ,pom]anz51 #cjf ,pomme-d',am\r 7syn4 ( ,tomato71 #cbg ,pontiac1 #cjf ,pope1 #cjg ,portugal1 #cjg ,portugiesis*e ,griotte 7syn4 ( ,ar* ,duke71 #ih ,portugiesis*] ,griotti] ,wei*selbaum 7syn4 ( ,ar* ,duke71 #ih ,p[hattan1 #cjg ,pragis*e ,muskatell]1 #cjg ,prague ,t>dif 7,muscadt de7 7syn4 ( ,vels]71 #cbi ,prcoce d',espagne 7syn4 ( ,spanis*e ,frhkirs*e71 #cbj ,prcoce ,lem]ci] 7syn4 ( ,du*esse de ,palluau71 #bdf ,prcoce de ,m>e/1 #cjg ,prcoce de ,montreuil 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,may71 #abh ,prcoce de ,sab>et1 #cjg ,presid5t1 #cjg ,prettyman1 ,h4 ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cjb ,pride ( ,wa%+ton1 #cjg ,pries*e ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e1 #cjh ,pr9ce1 #cjh ,pr9ce1 ,william1 quot$1 #bjc-bjd2 v>4 introduc$ by1 #ajh1 #bdg2 v>4 orig4 by1 #bcf1 #cjh ,pr9ce ,black ,he>t1 #cjh ,pr9ce ,duke1 #cjh ,pr9ce ,engleb]t1 #cjh ,pr9ce de ,hanovre 7syn4 ( ,kronpr9z von ,hannov]71 #bhe ,pr9ce ,royal1 #cjh ,pr9ce ,royal du ,hanovre 7syn4 ( ,kronpr9z von ,hannov]71 #bhe ,pr9cess1 #cjh ,pr9] ,frhwei*sel 7syn4 ( ,htive de ,pr971 #bgc ,pr9z5kirs*e1 #cjh ,pr9zesskirs*e 7syn4 ( ,pr9cess71 #cjh ,prdlitz] ,elitekirs*e1 #cjh ,progress1 #cjh ,prolific ,*]ry 7syn4 ( ,c]isi] ,trs-f]tile71 #bcd ,proskau] ,knorpelkirs*e1 #cjh ,pr\dfoot1 #cjh ,pr\dfoot1 ,d41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cjh ,prov5c] ,ssswei*sel 7syn4 ( ,c]ise de ,prusse71 #bcb ,prunus1 division (1 #ae2 g5us1 importance (1 9 horticulture1 #a ,prunus acida1 #af ,prunus acida 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #bd ,prunus ae/iva 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #bd #dd #dh 8 ,prunus aff9is1 #ah ,prunus ampla1 #ag ,prunus apetala1 #ba2 7syn4 ( ,p4 maxim[iczii71 #af ,prunus apetala iwozana 7syn4 ( ,p4 ts*onoskii71 #bj ,prunus apetala typica 7syn4 ( ,p4 nipponica71 #bj ,prunus au/]a 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #bd ,prunus autumnalis1 #bj ,prunus avium1 #af2 *>act]s (1 #bh-bi2 comp>ison (1 ) ,prunus c]asus1 #i2 di/ribution & habitat (1 #bi2 division ( & h[ divid$1 #cj2 geographic range (1 #da-db2 specific description (1 #bh-cj2 use ( wood (1 #f2 value (1 z a /ock1 #fg-fi ,prunus avium ,prunus c]asus1 specific description (1 #ca ,prunus avium decomana1 #cj ,prunus avium durac9a1 #cj ,prunus avium regalis1 #ca ,prunus batal9ii1 #bb ,prunus besseyi1 #ba2 *>act]s (1 #cf2 common names (1 #cg2 habitat (1 #cf2 hybridism (1 ) o!r species1 #cg2 specific description (1 #cf-ch2 use (1 z a /ock1 #cg-ch ,prunus biloba 7syn4 ( ,p4 h]9cquiana biloba71 #ai ,prunus bra*ypetala1 #bb ,prunus bracteata 7syn4 ( ,p4 maxim[iczii71 #af ,prunus bungei 7syn4 ( ,p4 humilis71 #ba ,prunus campanulata1 #ai ,prunus canesc5s1 #bj ,prunus c>*>ias1 #bb ,prunus caudata1 #bj ,prunus c]aseidos 7syn4 ( ,p4 apetala71 #ba2 7syn4 ( ,p4 nipponica71 #bj2 7syn4 ( ,p4 ts*onoskii71 #bj ,prunus c]aseidos kuril5sis 7syn4 ( ,p4 kuril5sis71 #bj ,prunus c]asoides1 #ai2 7syn4 ( ,p4 campanulata71 #ai ,prunus c]asoides tibetca 7syn4 ( ,p4 maje/ica71 #ai ,prunus c]asus1 #af2 *>act]s (1 #be2 comp>ison (1 ) ,prunus avium1 #i2 di/ribution (1 #bf2 division ( & h[ divid$1 #bf-bh2 geographic range (1 #da2 probable p>5tage (1 #dd2 specific description (1 #bd-bh ,prunus c]asus au/]a1 #bg ,prunus c]asus caproniana1 #bg ,prunus c]asus flore pl5o 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata71 #ah2 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata mucronata71 #ah ,prunus c]asus flore simplici 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata71 #ag ,prunus c]asus m>asca1 #bh ,prunus c]asus p5dula flore roseo 7syn4 ( ,p4 p5dula71 #bj ,prunus c9]asc5s1 #bb ,prunus cl>(olia1 #af ,prunus conad5ia1 #af ,prunus conc9na1 #ai ,prunus conrad91 #ai ,prunus cuneata1 habitat (1 #ce2 specific description (1 #ce-cf ,prunus cyclam9a1 #ag ,prunus cyclam9a biflora1 #ag ,prunus depressa 7syn4 ( ,p4 pumila71 #cd ,prunus dictyoneura1 #ba ,prunus dielsiana1 #ag ,prunus dielsiana conf]ta1 #ag ,prunus dielsiana laxa1 #ag ,prunus diffusa1 #bb ,prunus discad5ia1 #af ,prunus don>ium 7syn4 ( ,p4 pseudoc]asus viresc5s71 #ag2 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata71 #ag ,prunus dros]acea1 #bj ,prunus dulcis 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,prunus ducl\xii1 #ag ,prunus em>g9ata1 #af2 use (1 #ch ,prunus =mosana 7syn4 ( ,p4 pogono/yla71 #ba ,prunus fruticosa1 #af2 use (1 #ch ,prunus giraldiana1 #bj ,prunus glabra1 #ag ,prunus gl&ulifolia1 #ag ,prunus gl&ulosa1 #ba ,prunus gl&ulosa glabra1 #ba ,prunus gl&ulosa glabra alba1 #ba ,prunus gl&ulosa glabra albipl5a1 #ba ,prunus gl&ulosa glabra rosea1 #ba ,prunus gl&ulosa purdomii1 #ba ,prunus gl&ulosa salicifoli1 #ba ,prunus gl&ulosa tri*o/yla1 #ba ,prunus gl&ulosa tri*o/yla fab]i1 #ba ,prunus gl&ulosa tri*o/yla paokang5sis1 #ba ,prunus gl&ulosa tri*o/yla s95sis1 #ba ,prunus glyptoc>ya1 #bj ,prunus gracilifolia1 #ba ,prunus griffi?ii1 #bb ,prunus hel51 #ai ,prunus h5ryi1 #ag ,prunus h]9cquiana1 #ai2 7syn4 ( ,p4 p5dula71 #bj ,prunus h]9cquiana asc5d5s 7syn4 ( ,p4 subhirtella71 #ai ,prunus h]9cquiana biloba1 #ai ,prunus hirtifolia1 #ag ,prunus hirtipes1 #ag ,prunus hirtipes glabra 7syn4 ( ,p4 glabra71 #ag ,prunus hort5sis 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #bd ,prunus hosseusii1 #ai ,prunus humilis1 #ba ,prunus incana1 #bb2 7syn4 ( ,p4 pumilla71 #cd2 use (1 #ch ,prunus incisa1 #bj2 7syn4 ( ,p4 subhirtella71 #ai ,prunus incisa kuril5sis 7syn4 ( ,p4 kuril5sis71 #bj ,prunus involucrata1 #ag ,prunus itosakra asc5d5s amabilis 7syn4 ( ,p4 subhirtella fukubana71 #bj ,prunus itosakra p5dula 7syn4 ( ,p4 p5dula71 #bj ,prunus itosakra subhirtella 7syn4 ( ,p4 subhirtella71 #bj ,prunus itosakura 7syn4 ( ,p4 p5dula71 #bj ,prunus iwagi5sis1 #bj ,prunus involucrata1 use (1 #ch ,prunus jacquemontii1 #bb2 use (1 #ch ,prunus jamasakura 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata71 #ag ,prunus jamasakura borealis 7syn4 ( ,p4 s>g5tii71 #ai ,prunus jamasakura elegans compta 7syn4 ( ,p4 s>g5tii71 #ai ,prunus jamasakura elegans glabra 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata71 #ah ,prunus jamasakura elegans p>vifolia 7syn4 ( ,p4 p>vifolia71 #ai ,prunus jamasakura speciosa 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata71 #ah ,prunus jamasakura speciosa nobilis 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]ulata lannesiana71 #ah ,prunus jamasakura speciosa nobilis don>ium 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata hisakura71 #ah ,prunus japonica1 #ba2 7syn4 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa glabra alba1 #ba2 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa glabra albipl5a1 #ba2 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa tri*o/yla fab]i1 #ba2 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa tri*o/yla s95sis1 #ba2 ( ,p4 japonica k]ii1 #bb7 ,prunus japonica engl]i 7syn4 ( ,p4 japonica gracillima engl]i71 #bb ,prunus japonica eujaponica1 #ba ,prunus japonica eujaponica fauriei1 #ba ,prunus japonica eujaponica oldhamii1 #ba ,prunus japonica flor4 simp4 7syn4 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa glabra rosea71 #ba ,prunus japonica flore albo pl5o 7syn4 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa glabra albipl5a71 #ba ,prunus japonica flore pl5o 7syn4 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa glabra albipl5a71 #ba2 7syn4 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa tri*o/yla s95sis71 #ba ,prunus japonica gl&ulosa 7syn4 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa glabra71 #ba2 7syn4 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa glabra rosea71 #ba ,prunus japonica gracillima1 #bb ,prunus japonica gracillima engl]i1 #bb ,prunus japonica gracillima m9or1 #bb ,prunus japonica gracillima spha]ica1 #bb ,prunus japonica gracillima ?unb]gii1 #bb ,prunus japonica japonica 7syn4 ( ,p4 japonica71 #ba ,prunus japonica k]ii1 #bb ,prunus japonica multiplex 7syn4 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa glabra albipl5a71 #ba ,prunus japonica packang5sis 7syn4 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa tri*o/yla paokang5sis71 #ba ,prunus japonica salicifolia 7syn4 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa salicifoli71 #ba ,prunus japonica spha]ica 7syn4 ( ,p4 japonica gracillima spha]ica71 #bb ,prunus japonica ?unb]gii 7syn4 ( ,p4 japonica gracillima ?unb]gii71 #bb ,prunus japonica typica 7syn4 ( ,p4 japonica71 #ba ,prunus japonica typica flore pl5o 7syn4 ( ,p4 japonica k]ii71 #bb ,prunus japonica typica flore roseo 7syn4 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa glabra rosea71 #ba ,prunus ,juliana 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #bd ,prunus k]ii 7syn4 ( ,p4 japonica k]ii71 #bb ,prunus kuril5sis1 #bj ,prunus latid5tata1 #bj ,prunus leveilleana1 #ai ,prunus litigiosa1 #af ,prunus litigiosa abbreviata1 #af ,prunus lobulata1 #bj ,prunus macgregoriana1 #ag ,prunus macrad5ia1 #af ,prunus mahaleb1 #af2 *>act]s (1 #ca-cb2 habitat (1 #cb2 importance (1 9 horticulture & comm]ce1 #cb-cc2 specific description (1 #ca-cc2 value (1 z a /ock1 #fi-gb2 value ( wood (1 #f ,prunus maje/ica1 #ai ,prunus malifolia1 #ag ,prunus malifolia ro/hornii1 #ag ,prunus ,m>asca 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #bd ,prunus maxim[iczii1 #af ,prunus maxim[iczii ad5ophora 7syn4 ( ,p4 tatsi55sis ad5ophora71 #af ,prunus maxim[iczii ap]ta1 #af ,prunus mesad5ia1 #ai ,prunus microc>pa1 #bb ,prunus microlepis1 #bj ,prunus microlepis t]nata1 #bj ,prunus micromeloides1 #bj ,prunus miqueliana1 #bj2 7syn4 ( ,p4 nipponica71 #bj2 7syn4 ( ,p4 p5dula71 #bj ,prunus mollis1 #af ,prunus mume crassegl&ulosa 7syn4 ( ,p4 s>g5tii71 #ai ,prunus nakii1 #bb ,prunus neglecta1 #ag ,prunus nigricans 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,prunus nikko5sis1 #bj ,prunus nipponica1 #bj ,prunus oxyc>pa 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #bd ,prunus oxyodonta1 #bj ,prunus padus1 #c ,prunus paniculata 7syn4 ( ,p4 pseudoc]asus sieboldii71 #ag ,prunus p>ac]asus1 #ag ,prunus p>vifolia1 #ai ,prunus p>vifolia aomori5sis1 #ai ,prunus paucifolia1 #ai ,prunus p5dula1 #bj ,prunus p5dula asc5d5s 7syn4 ( ,p4 subhirtella71 #ai ,prunus p5nsylvanica1 #af2 use (1 z a /ock1 #gd ,prunus phyllopoda1 #bj ,prunus pilosiuscula1 #af ,prunus pleioc]asus1 #af ,prunus pl5a 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #bd ,prunus pleuropt]a1 #bj ,prunus plur9]vis1 #ag ,prunus podad5ia1 #bj ,prunus pogono/yla1 #ba ,prunus pogono/yla globosa1 #ba ,prunus pogono/yla obovata1 #ba ,prunus polytri*a1 #af 8 ,prunus praecox1 #bb ,prunus pro/rata1 #bb ,prunus pseudoc]asus1 #ag2 7syn4 ( ,p4 s>g5tii71 #ai2 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata albida71 #ah2 use (1 #ch2 use ( z a /ock1 #ge2 use ( wood (1 #f ,prunus pseudoc]asus b5ifug5 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata hisakura71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus borealis 7syn4 ( ,p4 s>g5tii71 #ai ,prunus pseudoc]asus flore roseo pl5o 7syn4 ( ,p4 pseudoc]asus sieboldii71 #ag ,prunus pseudoc]asus hisakura 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata hisakura71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus hort5sis flore c>neo suffuso 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata %id>e-sakura71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus hort5sis flore pl5o viridi 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata gr&iflora71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus hort5sis flore pul*]rimo pl5o c&ido 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata mucronata71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus hort5sis flore semipl5o roseo 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata hisakura71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus hort5sis flore simplici albo 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata albida71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus hort5sis flore simplici c>neo 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata lannesiana71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus jamasakura ,x incisa1 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus jamaskura glabra 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus jamasakura glabra prcox 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus jamasakura prcox 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus nad5 7syn4 ( ,p4 pseudoc]asus sieboldii71 #ag ,prunus pseudoc]asus ,new ,r$ 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata hisakura71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus o*i*ima 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata o*i*ima71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus p>vifolia 7syn4 ( ,p4 p>vifolia71 #ai ,prunus pseudoc]asus sa*al95sis 7syn4 ( ,p4 s>g5tii71 #ai ,prunus pseudoc]asus s]rulata glabra 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus s]rulata glabra fug5zo 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus s]rulata glabra viridiflora 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata gr&iflora71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus s]rulata sieboldii albida 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata albida71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus s]rulata sieboldtii 7syn4 ( ,p4 pseudoc]asus sieboldii71 #ag ,prunus pseudoc]asus %id>e-sakura 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata %id>e-sakura71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus %ir(ug5 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata o*i*ima71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus sieboldii1 #ag ,prunus pseudoc]asus spontanea 7syn4 ( ,p4 s>g5tii71 #ai ,prunus pseudoc]asus spontanea hort5sis 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus typica p>vifolia 7syn4 ( ,p4 p>vifolia71 #ai ,prunus pseudoc]asus typica sieboldii 7syn4 ( ,p4 pseudoc]asus sieboldii71 #ag ,prunus pseudoc]asus ukon 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata gr&ifolia71 #ah ,prunus pseudoc]asus viresc5s1 #ag ,prunus pseudoc]asus wat]]i1 #ag ,prunus pseudoc]asus yo%9o 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata albida71 #ah ,prunus puddum 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asoides1 #ai2 ( ,p4 maje/ica1 #ai2 ( ,p4 s>g5tii1 #ai2 ( ,p4 s]rulata71 #ah ,prunus pul*ella1 #af ,prunus pumila1 #ba2 *>act]s (1 #cd-ce2 di/ribution (1 #ce2 specific description (1 #cd-ce2 use (1 z a /ock1 #gd ,prunus pumila ,besseyi 7syn4 ( ,p4 besseyi71 #cf ,prunus pumila cuneata 7syn4 ( ,p4 cuneata71 #ce ,prunus rehd]iana1 #af ,prunus rosea 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #bd ,prunus rossiana1 #ba ,prunus rufa1 #ai2 7syn4 ( ,p4 tri*an?a71 #ai ,prunus rufoides1 #ag ,prunus salic9a 7syn4 ( ,p4 humilis71 #ba ,prunus saltuum1 #ai ,prunus s>g5tii1 #ai ,prunus s*neid]iana1 #ag ,prunus scopulorum1 #ag ,prunus s]ot9a1 value ( wood (1 #g ,prunus s]rula1 #ai ,prunus s]rula tibetica1 #ai ,prunus s]rulata1 #ag ,prunus s]rulata cf4 supra4 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata71 #ah ,prunus s]rulata albida1 #ah ,prunus s]rulata borealis 7syn4 ( ,p4 s>g5tii71 #ai ,prunus s]rulata flore pl5o 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata mucronata71 #ah ,prunus s]rulata gr&iflora1 #ah ,prunus s]rulata hisakura1 #ah ,prunus s]rulata krieg]i1 #ah ,prunus s]rulata lannesiana1 #ah ,prunus s]rulata mucronata1 #ah ,prunus s]rulata o*i*ima1 #ah ,prunus s]rulata s]rulata albida 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata albida71 #ah ,prunus s]rulata s]rulata fug5zo 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata o*i*ima71 #ah ,prunus s]rulata s]rulata fug5zo rosea 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata71 #ah ,prunus s]rulata s]rulata lannesiana 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata lannesiana71 #ah ,prunus s]rulata s]rulata sieboldtii 7syn4 ( ,p4 pseudoc]asus sieboldii71 #ag ,prunus s]rulata s]rulata viridifiora 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata gr&iflora71 #ah ,prunus s]rulata s]rulata watt]]ii 7syn4 ( ,p4 pseudoc]asus wat]]i71 #ag ,prunus s]rulata %id>e-sakura1 #ah ,prunus s]rulata veit*iana1 #ah ,prunus s]rulata ,w4 ,k\ 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata hisakura71 #ah ,prunus s]rulata ya%9o 7syn4 ( ,p4 s]rulata albida71 #ah ,prunus setulosa1 #bj ,prunus sieboldii 7syn4 ( ,p4 pseudoc]asus71 #ag2 7syn4 ( ,p4 pseudoc]asus sieboldii71 #ag ,prunus silvatica 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asoides71 #ai ,prunus s95sis 7syn4 ( ,p4 gl&ulosa tri*o/yla s95sis71 #ba ,prunus sontagi1 #ai ,prunus ,sp4 ,zabel 7syn4 ( ,p4 s>g5tii71 #ai ,prunus spr5g]i1 #ai ,prunus /ipulacea1 #bj ,prunus subhirtella1 #ai ,prunus subhirtella autumnalis 7syn4 ( ,p4 autumnalis71 #bj ,prunus subhirtella fukubana1 #bj ,prunus subhirtella oblongifolia 7syn4 ( ,p4 subhirtella71 #ai ,prunus subhirtella p5dula 7syn4 ( ,p4 p5dula71 #bj ,prunus ,susquehanae 7syn4 ( ,p4 pumila71 #cd ,prunus sylve/ris 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,prunus sze*uanica1 #af ,p4 sze*uanica1 v>4 8 7syn4 ( ,p4 dielsiana71 #ag ,p4 sze*uanica dielsiana 7syn4 ( ,p4 dielsiana71 #ag ,prunus taiwaniana1 #bj ,prunus tatsi55sis1 #af ,prunus tatsi55sis ad5ophora1 #af ,prunus tatsi55sis pilosiuscula 7syn4 ( ,p4 pilosiuscula71 #af ,prunus tatsi55sis /5ad5ia1 #af ,prunus t5uiflora1 #ai ,prunus tom5tosa1 #bb2 *>act]s (1 #cc2 habitat & di/ribution (1 #cc-cd2 specific description (1 #cc-cd ,prunus tom5tosa1 8 ,batal9ii 7syn4 ( ,p4 batal9ii71 #bb ,prunus tom5tosa breviflora1 #bb ,purnus tom5tosa endotri*a1 #bb ,prunus tom5tosa graebn]iana1 #bb ,prunus tom5tosa het]om]a1 #bb ,prunus tom5tosa insul>is1 #bb ,prunus tom5tosa ka%k>ovii1 #bb ,prunus tom5tosa s\liei1 #bb ,prunus tom5tosa spae?iana1 #bb ,prunus tom5tosa tri*oc>pa1 #bb ,prunus tom5tosa tsulu5sis1 #bb ,prunus tri*an?a1 #ai ,prunus tri*oc>pa 7syn4 ( ,p4 tom5tosa tri*oc>pa71 #bb ,prunus tri*o/oma1 #bj ,prunus ts*onoskii1 #bj ,prunus twymaniana1 #ai ,prunus v>ia 7syn4 ( ,p4 avium71 #bh ,prunus v>iabilis1 #af ,prunus veit*ii1 #bj ,prunus v5u/a1 #af ,prunus v]rucosa1 #bb ,prunus virg9iana1 #c ,prunus vulg>is 7syn4 ( ,p4 c]asus71 #bd ,prunus wild5iana1 #ai ,prunus y$o5sis1 #ai ,prunus yunnan5sis1 #ag ,prunus yunnan5sis h5ryi 7syn4 ( ,p4 h5ryi71 #ag2 7syn4 ( ,p4 neglecta71 #ag ,prunus zappeyana1 #bj ,prunus zappeyana 8 subsimplex1 #bj ,prussian ,*]ry 7syn4 ( ,c]ise de ,prusse71 #bcb ,puhlmann ,frhe1 #cji ,punctirte ,ssskirs*e mil fe/em ,fleis*e 7syn4 ( ,punktirte ,m>morkirs*e71 #cji ,punktirte ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,punktirte ,m>morkirs*e71 #cji ,punktirte ,m>morkirs*e1 #cji ,punktirte ,molk5kirs*e1 #cji ,purity 7,i71 #cji ,purity 7,,ii71 #cji ,purple ,*]ry 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,purple71 #acj ,purple ,guigne 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,purple71 #acj ,purpurro! ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,r$ ,big>reau71 #cji ,pyramid5kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,j]usalemskirs*e71 #bgi ,pyramid5wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,j]usalemskirs*e71 #bgi ,quak]1 #cji ,ra9i] ,fr5*1 #cji ,ratafia 7syn4 ( ,brussel] ,braune71 #aaj ,ratafia ,griotte 7syn4 ( ,engli% ,morello71 #aci ,raton1 v>4 orig4 )1 #baa ,r$ ,big>reau1 #cji ,r$ ,canada1 #caj ,r$-fl[]$ 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,semi-d\bles71 #bec ,r$ ,guigne1 #caj ,r$ ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,ble$+ ,he>t71 #aji ,r$ ,jacket1 #caj ,r$ ,muscatel1 #caj ,r$ ,orani51 #caj ,r$ ,pie ,*]ry 7syn4 ( ,late ,k5ti%71 #aeg ,r$ ,rock1 #caj ,r$ ,russian1 #caj ,rei*>t1 #caj ,reid1 ,john1 quot$1 #fh ,re9a ,hort5se1 #agi ,re9e-,hort5se ,htive1 #caj ,rem+ton1 #caa ,rem+ton ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,rem+ton71 #caa ,r5tz ,morello1 #caa ,republican1 #aha ,resacks ,knorpelkirs*e1 #caa ,ri*>dson1 #caa ,ri*>dson1 ,j4 ,r41 v>4 orig4 )1 #caa ,ri*>dson1 ,william ,p41 v>4 orig4 )1 #caa ,ri*>dson ,late ,black1 #caa ,ri*t] ,sml+1 #caa ,riga ,no4 #ajh1 #caa ,riga ,no4 #aji1 #caa ,riley1 quot$1 #de ,rival1 #caa ,riv]s1 ,?omas1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bdg1 #bdh1 #bic1 #caa ,riv]'s ,e>ly ,amb] ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,amb]71 #bdg ,riv]s ,e>ly ,he>t1 #caa ,rob]ts1 ,david1 v>4 orig4 )1 #cab ,rob]ts' ,r$ 7syn4 ( ,b[y] ,e>ly ,he>t71 #bbe ,rob]ts ,r$ ,he>t1 #caa ,ro*al9e1 #cab ,rock1 #cab ,rockl&1 #cab ,rockport1 #ahb ,rocky ,hill ,honey ,he>t1 #cab ,rocky ,m\nta91 #cab ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,*]ry1 botanical "n (1 #cg ,rocmont] ,m>morkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,belle de ,rocmont71 #bab ,roe1 #cab ,roma9e1 #cab ,ronald1 #cab ,ronald's ,l>ge ,black ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,black ,t>t>an71 #ajg ,rs*]s1 v>4 orig4 )1 #cab ,rs*]s ,kirs*e1 #cab ,rose ,*>meux1 #cab ,ros5obel1 #cab ,ros5ro! ,maikirs*e 7syn4 ( ,guigne ,rose ,htive71 #bgb ,ro/rav] ,big>reau1 #cac ,ro! ,glanzkirs*e1 #cac ,ro! ,h]zkirs*e1 #cac ,ro! ,maikirs*e 7syn4 ( ,may ,duke71 #afd ,ro! ,maiknorpelkirs*e1 #cac ,ro! ,molk5kirs*e1 #cac ,ro! ,muskatell] 7syn4 ( ,c]ise ,guigne71 #bcb ,ro! ,orani5kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,c>nation71 #aad ,ro! ,soodkirs*e1 #cac ,ro! ,spanis*e ,m>morkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,belle de ,rocmont71 #bab ,r\aanse ,kirs*e1 #cac ,r\ge de ,d[n+ 7syn4 ( ,d[n+ ,r$ ,*eek71 #bdd ,r\ge ,ple ,t>dive1 #cac ,r\ge des ,vosges1 #cac ,r\nd ,sweet1 #cad ,royal ,am]ican1 #cad ,royal ,ann 7syn4 ( ,napoleon71 #agb ,royal ,duke1 #ahd ,royal ,htif1 #cad ,royale 7syn4 ( ,jeffrey ,duke71 #adf ,royale d',anglet]re 7syn4 ( ,royal ,duke71 #ahd ,royale ,*]ry ,duke 7syn4 ( ,may ,duke71 #afd ,royale ,htive 7syn4 ( ,jeffrey ,duke71 #adf2 7syn4 ( ,may ,duke71 #afd ,royale ,t>dive 7syn4 ( ,holman ,duke71 #bgf ,rumsey1 #cad ,rumsey1 ,j4 ,s41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cad ,rumsey's ,late ,morello 7syn4 ( ,rumsey71 #cad ,runde ,m>morirte ,ssskirs*e1 #cad ,rup]t1 #cad ,rupp1 #cad ,rupp1 ,solomon1 v>4 orig4 by1 #cad ,russian *]ries1 value (1 = /ocks1 #gc-gd ,russian ,morello1 #cad ,russian #bjg 7syn4 ( ,russian ,morello71 #cad ,russian ,se$l+s ,nos4 #h1 #db1 #di1 #ed1 #aji1 #abh1 #afi & #aii1 #cae ,russie ,fruit ,blanc1 #cae ,ryley ,black ,t>t>ian1 #cae ,s*sis*e ,frhe ,maikirs*e1 #cae ,sacram5to1 #cae ,sa9t-,laur5t1 #cae ,/4 ,lucie *]ry1 #cb ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,*]ry 7syn4 ( ,elkhorn71 #acd ,/4 ,walpurgiskirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau de ,walpurgis71 #bba ,s& ,*]ry1 botanical "n (1 #ce2 use (1 z a /ock1 #gd ,sansoto1 #cae ,sapa1 #cae ,sapp+ton1 #cae ,sau] ,e9ma* & ,backkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,leitzkau]71 #bij ,sau]jotte1 #cae ,saure ,h]zkirs*e1 #cae ,sauvigny ,knorpelkirs*e1 #cae ,s*>la*kirs*e1 #caf ,s*att5 ,am>elle 7syn4 ( ,%ad[ ,am>elle71 #cah ,s*eur-,k]s 7syn4 ( ,black ,guigne71 #ajd ,s*leihahn ,sweet1 #caf ,s*lss]s ,s*att5morelle1 #caf ,s*mehls1 #caf ,s*midt1 #ahe ,s*midt1 ,f41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ahf1 #caf ,s*midt ,big>reau ,no4 #b1 #caf ,s*midt ,frhe ,h]zkirs*e1 #caf ,s*neeb]g] ,kirs*e1 #caf ,s*neid] ,frhe ,h]zkirs*e1 #caf ,s*neid] ,spte ,knorpelkirs*e1 #caf ,s*ne ,aga! 7syn4 ( ,hilde%eim71 #add ,s*ne ,audigeoise 7syn4 ( ,belle ,audigeoise71 #baa ,s*ne aus ,sauvigny 7syn4 ( ,montmor5cy de ,sauvigny71 #bih ,s*ne von ,ard*e 7syn4 ( ,c]ise de l',ard*e71 #bcj ,s*ne von ,brgge1 #cag ,s*ne von ,*oisy 7syn4 ( ,*oisy71 #aaf ,s*ne von ,c\*ey 7syn4 ( ,belle de ,c\*ey71 #baa ,s*ne von ,m>i5hohe1 #cag ,s*ne von ,montreuil 7syn4 ( ,montreuil71 #bih ,s*ne von ,ribeauc\rt 7syn4 ( ,belle de ,ribeauc\rt71 #bab ,s*ne von ,rocmont 7syn4 ( ,belle de ,rocmont71 #bab ,s*reck5s ,kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau de ,s*reck571 #bbj ,s*rcks ,spte ,bunte ,knorpelkirs*e1 #cag ,s*w>zbraune ,knorpelkirs*e1 #cah ,s*w>ze ,=ell5kirs*e1 #cag ,s*w>ze ,knorpel von ,mezel 7syn4 ( ,mezel71 #afg ,s*w>ze ,maikirs*e 7syn4 ( ,s*w>ze ,maiwei*sel71 #cag ,s*w>ze ,maiwei*sel1 #cag ,s*w>ze ,malvasi]kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,s*w>ze ,orani5kirs*e71 #cag ,s*w>ze ,muskatell]1 #cag ,s*w>ze od] ,spte ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,black ,spani%71 #bbc ,s*w>ze ,orani5kirs*e1 #cag ,s*w>ze ,soodkirs*e1 #cag ,s*w>ze ,spanis*e ,frhkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,spanis*e ,frhkirs*e71 #cbj ,s*w>ze ,spanis*e ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,black ,spani%71 #bbc ,s*w>ze ,ung>is*e ,kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,ung>is*e ,wei*sel71 #cbi ,s*w>ze ,wei*sel mit halb gefllt] ,blte 7syn4 ( ,halbgeflltblh5de ,wei*sel71 #bgc ,s*w>zes ,taub5h]z1 #cah ,s*wefelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,dankelmannskirs*e71 #bdj ,sebril1 #cah ,seckba*]1 #cah ,seckba*] ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,seckba*]71 #cah ,se$]b]g]1 #cah ,select ,beauty1 #cah ,semis de ,burr 7syn4 ( ,burr71 #bbh ,%ad[ ,am>elle1 #cah ,%ad[ ,morello 7syn4 ( ,%ad[ ,am>elle71 #cah ,%ail]1 #cai ,%annon1 #cai ,%annon ,morello 7syn4 ( ,%annon71 #cai ,%elton1 #cai ,%elton1 ,william1 v>4 orig4 by1 #cai ,%epl]1 ,l\is1 v>4 orig4 )1 #baj ,%ipp5 7syn4 ( ,june ,duke71 #bhj ,%ort-/em ,may1 #cai ,%ort-,/em ,montmor5cy1 #ahg ,%ort ,/em ,montmor5cy 7syn4 ( ,l>ge ,montmor5cy71 #aec ,%ubianka1 #cai ,sibrel1 #cai ,sieb5freund1 v>4 introduc$ by1 #cbh ,silv] ,?orne1 #cai ,sklanka1 #ahh ,skublics ,wei*sel1 #cai ,sle9haus1 #cai ,small ,black ,guigne1 #cai ,small ,d\ble ,fl[]+ 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,d\bles71 #beb ,small ,morello1 #cai ,smye*1 ,daniel1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bhg ,smidt ,yell[1 #cai ,smi? 7syn4 ( ,s*midt71 #ahe ,socsany1 #cbj ,s(t ,%eld 7syn4 ( ,s(t-/one ,*]ry71 #cbj ,s(t-/one ,*]ry1 #cbj ,soodam>elle 7syn4 ( ,ro! ,soodkirs*e71 #cac ,s\r ,*]ry1 adaptation (1 to culture1 #c2 comp>ison (1 ) ! ,sweet ,*]ry1 #i2 environm5t (1 #gf-hj2 geographic range (1 #da2 gr\p "n (1 #b2 probable p>5tage (1 #dd ,s\?s ,breite ,h]zkirs*e1 #cbj ,s\v5ir d',essonnes1 #cbj ,spanis*e ,frhkirs*e1 #cbj ,spanis*e ,frhwei*sel1 #cbj ,spanis*e ,glaskirs*e1 #cbj ,spanis*e ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,spanis*e ,frhkirs*e71 #cbj ,spani% 7syn4 ( ,yell[ ,spani%71 #bjb2 7syn4 ( ,black ,spani%71 #bbc ,spani% ,griotte1 #cba ,sp>hawk1 #ahi ,sp>hawk1 ,edw>d1 v>4 introduc$ by1 #aij ,sp>hawk's ,honey 7syn4 ( ,sp>hawk71 #ahi ,sptblh5de ,glaskirs*e1 #cba ,spte ,am>elle1 #aij ,spte ,am>elle 7syn4 ( ,ssse ,am>elle71 #cbc ,spte braune ,spanis*e ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,braune ,spanis*e ,kirs*e71 #bbf ,spte grosse knigli*e ,wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,j]usalemskirs*e71 #bgi ,spte ,h]zog5kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,late ,duke71 #aee ,spte ,knigli*e ,wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,j]usalemskirs*e71 #bgi ,spte ,maikirs*e 7syn4 ( ,seckba*]71 #cah ,spte ,maulbe]h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,spte ,maulbe]kirs*e71 #cba ,spte ,maulbe]kirs*e1 #cba ,spte ,morello 7syn4 ( ,spte ,am>elle71 #aij ,spte ,rote ,knorpelkirs*e1 #cba ,spte ,s*w>ze ,=ell5kirs*e1 #cba ,spte ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e1 #cba ,spte ,s*w>ze ,spanis*e ,h]zkirs*e1 #cba ,speckkirs*e1 #cba ,spitz5s ,h]zkirs*e1 #cbb ,srdcovka v ,skalka1 #cbb ,/anapa1 #cbb ,/&>d1 #cbb ,/>r ,prolific1 #cbb ,/ts ,blh5d] ,kirs*baum 7syn4 ( ,t\ssa9t71 #aic ,/rass ,e>ly ,black1 #cbb ,/rauss1 #cbb ,/rauss ,wei*sel1 #cbb ,/rauss ,wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,/rauss71 #cbb ,/rik]1 #cbc ,/rip$-,leav$1 #cbc ,/rong1 ,j4 ,f41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cjg ,/u>t1 #cbc ,/u>t1 ,c4 ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cbc ,sucre ,lon ,lecl]c1 #cbc ,suda1 #aib ,suda1 v>4 orig4 )1 #aib ,suda ,h>dy 7syn4 ( ,suda71 #aib ,summ]'s ,honey 7syn4 ( ,honey71 #bgf ,summit1 #cbc ,ssse ,am>elle1 #cbc ,ssse ,frhh]zkirs*e1 #cbc ,ssse ,frhwei*sel1 #cbd ,ssse ,frhwei*sel 7syn4 ( ,griotte ,d\ce ,prcoce71 #bfb ,ssse ,maih]zkirs*e1 #cbd ,ssse ,maih]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,baumann ,may71 #ajj ,ssse ,spanis*e1 #cbd ,ssskirs*e mit ,gefur/] ,bl!1 #cbd ,ssskirs*5baum mit ganz gefllt] ,blte 7syn4 ( ,l>ge ,d\ble ,fl[]+71 #bhg ,ssswei*sel von ,*aux 7syn4 ( ,g]man ,morello71 #beh ,sw$i%1 #cbd ,sweet ,*]ry1 adaptation (1 to culture1 #c2 comp>ison (1 ) ! ,s\r ,*]ry1 #i2 environm5t (1 #gg-hj2 geographic range (1 #da-db2 gr\p "n (1 #b ,sweet ,montmor5cy1 #cbd ,sweet ,morello1 #cbd ,tabors s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau ,noir de ,tabor71 #bai ,t>ascon ,kirs*e1 #cbd ,t>dive d',avignon1 #cbe ,t>dive de ,br$]ode1 #cbe ,t>dive ,noire d',espagne1 #cbe ,t>dive de ,pe9e1 #cbe ,t>t>ian 7syn4 ( ,black ,t>t>ian71 #ajg ,tecumseh1 #cbe ,temple1 #cbe ,t]ry1 #cbe ,t]ry ,e>ly 7syn4 ( ,t]ry71 #cbe ,t]ry1 ,h4 ,a41 v>4 introduc$ by1 #cbe ,?a*]1 quot$1 #fi ,!ophra/us1 quot$1 #dc ,?irty ,day1 #cbe ,?omas1 quot$1 #gj ,?ompson1 #cbe ,?rn5 ,muskatell]kirs*e1 #cbf ,tilgn] ,ro! ,h]zkirs*e1 #cbf ,tilgn] ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e1 #cbf ,timme1 #aib ,timme1 v>4 introduc$ by1 #aic ,tobacco-,leav$1 #cbf ,toctonne ,prcoce1 #cbg ,tokeya1 #cbg ,tomato1 #cbg ,toronto1 #cbg ,t\pie1 #cbg ,t\ssa9t1 #aic ,t[ns5d1 #cbg ,t[ns5d1 ,w4 ,p41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cbg ,tradescant 7syn4 ( ,:ite ,big>reau71 #aif ,tradescant1 ,john1 v>4 orig4 )1 #acd ,tradescant's ,black ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,elkhorn71 #acd ,transp>5t1 #cbg ,transp>5t de ,bett5burg 7syn4 ( ,bett5burg] ,glaskirs*e71 #bac ,transp>5t ,guigne1 #cbh ,transp>5t de ,jahn 7syn4 ( ,transp>5t ,guigne71 #cbh ,transp>5te d',espagne 7syn4 ( ,spanis*e ,glaskirs*e71 #cbj ,transp>5te de ,meylan1 #cbh ,transp>5te de ,riv]s1 #cbh ,transp>5te de ,sieb5freund1 #cbh ,traub5 od] ,b\quet ,am>elle 7syn4 ( ,clu/]71 #aai ,trau]knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,weep+ ,black ,big>reau71 #cca ,triomphe de ,faus91 #cbh ,triumph ( ,cumb]l& 7syn4 ( ,cumb]l&71 #bci ,tropri*t]s ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e1 #cbh ,tros-,k]s 7syn4 ( ,clu/]71 #aai ,tru*sess1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bac1 #bad ,tru*sess ,s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e1 #cbh ,tubbs1 #cbh ,trk9e1 #cbh ,trk9e 7syn4 ( ,flam5t9e71 #beb ,turkirs*e ,grosse1 #cbi ,turn] ,late1 #cbi ,twy=d1 #cbi ,uelln]1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bic ,uhlhorns ,trau]kirs*e1 #cbi ,ulatis 7syn4 ( ,cali=nia ,advance71 #aac ,ung>is*e ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,ung>is*e ,kirs*e71 #bfg ,ung>is*e ,ssswei*sel 7syn4 ( ,royal ,duke71 #ahd ,ung>is*e ,wei*sel1 #cbi ,ur9all1 #cbi ,u?a1 #cbi ,vail1 ,h5ry1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bji ,vail's ,augu/ ,duke 7syn4 ( ,augu/ ,duke71 #bji ,van ,gaasbeck1 #cbi ,van ,mons1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bdf ,vanskike1 #cbi ,v>5ne1 v>4 orig4 )1 #acg ,v>r5ne1 ,de 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,nonn5kirs*e71 #bff ,vaughn1 #cbi ,vels]1 #cbi ,v ,l>ge ,he>t1 #ccj ,ve/a1 #ccj ,vill5euv] ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,guigne ,vill5euve71 #bgb ,vill5nes 7syn4 ( ,c]ise ,r\ge ,pale71 #bcc ,vilna ,sweet1 #ccj ,violet1 #ccj ,virg9ia ,may ,duke1 #ccj ,vi/ula1 #ccj ,vladimir1 #aid ,von ,lade's ,spte ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,lad ,late71 #bhf ,voronezh ,no4 #bg1 #ccj ,waba%1 #ccj ,wa*ampa1 #ccj ,wa*sknorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,bttn] ,gelbe ,knorpelkirs*e71 #bbh ,wagn]1 #ccj ,wahre ,englis*e ,kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,late ,duke71 #aee ,wall+1 ,g4 ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cjd ,walpurgiskirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau de ,walpurgis71 #bba ,wal% ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,black ,big>reau ( ,savoy71 #bbb ,wanfri$] ,wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,vels]71 #cbi ,w>n]1 #cca ,w>n]1 ,ma!w ,g41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cca ,w>r51 v>4 orig4 by1 #cca ,w>r5 ,transp>5t1 #cca ,wa%+ton ,purple1 #cca ,wat]h\se1 #cca ,wat]h\se1 ,w>r51 v>4 orig4 by1 #cca ,wat]loo1 #aif ,web]1 ,r4 ,h41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cja ,weep+1 #cca ,weep+ 7syn4 ( ,dw>f ,sib]ian71 #bdg ,weep+ or ,p5dul\s ,morello 7syn4 ( ,weep+71 #cca ,weep+ ,black ,big>reau1 #cca ,weep+ ,napoleon1 #cca ,wei*sel mit halbgefllt] ,bl! 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,semi-d\bles71 #bec ,wei*selbaum mit bndelfrmig5 ,fr*t5 7syn4 ( ,c]isi] ,trs-f]tile71 #bcd ,wei*selbaum mit gelb1 weiss1 und r?li* m>morirte ,fru*t 7syn4 ( ,sptblh5de ,glaskirs*e71 #cba ,wei*selbaum mit sehr gross gefllt] ,bl! 7syn4 ( ,fleurs ,d\bles71 #beb ,weid5blttrige ,ssswei*sel 7syn4 ( ,will[-,leav$71 #cce ,weis1 ,ro? und ,ros5f>big ,m>morirte ,kramelkirs*e1 #cca ,weiss ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e71 #bfe ,weiss und hellro? gefleckte grosse ,kramelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,weisse ,ros5ro? ,m>morirte ,h]zkirs*e71 #cca ,weiss und hellro? geflekte grosse ,kramelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,runde ,m>morirte ,ssskirs*e71 #cad ,weiss und ro! grosse ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,frhe/e ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e71 #bef ,weisse ,m&elkirs*e1 #ccb ,weisse ,ros5ro? ,m>morirte ,h]zkirs*e1 #cca ,well+ton1 #ccb ,well+ton's ,wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,well+ton71 #ccb ,weltz1 ,leo1 v>4 introduc$ by1 #bje ,w5dell1 ,h]man1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ccb ,w5dell ,mottl$1 #ccb ,w5zlecks ,bunte ,knorpelkirs*e1 #ccb ,w]d] ,e>ly ,black1 #ccb ,w]d]s*e ,s*w>ze ,all]frhe/e ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,w]d] ,e>ly ,black71 #ccb ,w]d]'s*e ,bunte ,h]zkirs*e1 #ccb ,we/]n ,s& ,*]ry1 botanical "n (1 #cg ,:eel]1 #ccb ,:eel]1 ,h4 ,j41 v>4 orig4 )1 #ccb ,:ite ,big>reau1 #aif ,:ite ,big>reau1 #ccb ,:ite ,fr5*1 #ccc ,:ite ,fr5* ,guigne1 #ccc ,:ite ,gean1 #ccc ,:ite ,he>t1 #aig ,:ite ,he>t 7syn4 ( ,grosse ,guigne ,blan*e71 #bff ,:ite ,hung>ian ,gean1 #ccc ,:ite ,mazz>d1 #ccc ,:ite ,oxhe>t 7syn4 ( ,:ite ,big>reau71 #aif ,:ite ,spani%1 #ccc ,:ite ,t>t>ian1 #ccc ,:ite ,transp>5t1 #ccc ,wi]1 ,d4 ,b41 v>4 orig4 by1 #beb1 #beg1 #cja1 #ccc1 #ccd ,wi] ,no4 #b1 #ccc ,wi] ,no4 #aa1 #ccd ,wi] ,no4 #ab1 #ccd ,wi] ,no4 #ac1 #ccd ,wi] ,no4 #ai1 #ccd ,wi] ,no4 #bd1 #ccd ,wi] ,no4 #dd1 #ccd ,wi]'s ,se$l+s1 #ccc ,wild ,morello 7syn4 ( ,common ,morello71 #bcg ,wild ,ross-%ire1 #ccd ,wilde ,bunte ,m>morkirs*e1 #ccd ,wild]1 ,samson ,v4 ,s41 v>4 introduc$ by1 #bib ,wild+ von ,kronb]g 7syn4 ( ,kronb]g] ,kirs*e71 #bhe ,wilhelm9e ,kle9di5/1 #ccd ,wilk9son1 #ccd ,willamette1 #cce ,willis ,e>ly1 #cce ,will[-,leav$1 #cce ,w9ckl]s s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,w9kl] ,black71 #cce ,w9dsor1 #aih ,w9kl]1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bfi ,w9kl] ,black1 #cce ,w9kl] weisse ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,guigne ,c>ne ,w9kl]71 #bfi ,w9kl]'s s*w>ze ,h]zkirs*e 7syn4 ( ,w9kl] ,black71 #cce ,w9t]1 ,pa/or1 v>4 introduc$ by1 #ccd ,w9t] ,s*w>ze1 #cce ,wirt1 ,h5ry1 v>4 orig4 )1 #bge ,wohltrag5de ,hollndis*e ,kirs*e1 #cce ,wood1 #aii2 immunity (1 to p[d]y mildew1 #aa ,wragg1 #bja ,yan1 #cce ,yell[ ,glass1 #ccf ,yell[ ,honey 7syn4 ( ,honey71 #bgf ,yell[ ,spani%1 #bjb ,"y ,l>ge ,black ,he>t1 #ccf ,y\ngk51 ,josiah ,g41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bii ,yuksa1 #ccf ,zahm1 ,g4 ,w41 v>4 orig4 )1 #bgd ,zeisb]gis*e ,kirs*e 7syn4 ( ,big>reau de ,zeisb]g71 #bba ,zimmtkirs*e1 #ccf ,zweif>bige ,kirs*e1 #ccf ,zweite ,grss] ,h]zkirs*wei*sel 7syn4 ( ,brussel] ,braune71 #aaj ,zwitt]kirs*e1 #ccf ,zzucks] ,s*w>ze ,knorpelkirs*e1 #ccf ,transcribe's ,note3 ,inconsi/5t spell+ & hyph5ation are z 9 ! orig9al4