,transcriber's ,note3 ,bold text denoted by equal signs4 ,italics denoted with underscores4 ,illustration3 ,,charles ,,downing ,,state ,,of ,,new ,,york--,,department ,,of ,,agriculture ,twenty-second ,annual ,report--,vol4 #b--,part ,,ii ,,the ,,cherries ,,of ,,new ,,york ,,by ,u4 ,p4 ,,hedrick ,,assisted ,,by ,g4 ,h4 ,,howe ,o4 ,m4 ,,taylor ,c4 ,b4 ,,tubergen ,r4 ,,wellington ,report of the ,new ,york ,agricultural ,experiment ,station for the ,year #aiad ,,ii ,,albany ,j4 ,b4 ,,lyon ,,company1 ,,state ,,printers #aiae ,,new ,,york ,,agricultural ,,experiment ,,station1 ,,geneva1 ,n4 ,y41 ,january #ab1 #aiae ,to the ,honorable ,board of ,control of the ,new ,york ,agricultural ,experiment ,station3 ,,gentlemen3--,i have the honor to transmit herewith the manuscript copy for ,part ,,ii of the #cc;d ,annual ,report of this ,station4 ,this contribution is the fourth monograph on the fruits of ,new ,york ,state1 prepared under your direction by the ,horticulturist of this institution and his associates4 ,the cherry1 which this manuscript discusses1 is undoubtedly most widely grown of the tree-fruits of the ,state2 for within easy reach of every rural housewife--in orchard or garden1 along roadside or lane--the pie cherry will be found2 and many a lawn1 even in village or city1 is graced by the stately trees which bear the delicious ,yellow ,spanish or ,black ,tartarian4 ,in many parts of the ,state1 also1 cherry growing is an industry of much commercial importance1 with orchards exceeded in value by those of the apple and peach alone4 ,because of its widespread popularity and commercial importance the cherry well merits treatment in this place in the series of monographs4 ,it is hoped and believed that the growers and lovers of the fruit will appreciate and utilize to good advantage the result here presented of years of painstaking work by the authors4 ,the discussions are based not alone on ,station experience with hundreds of the thousand or more varieties described1 but as well upon the collected observations of many cherry growers and the expressed judgments of the leading pomologists who have been interested in this fruit4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,jordan1 ,director ,,preface ,this is the fourth of the monographs on the fruits of temperate ,north ,america published by the ,new ,york ,agricultural ,experiment ,station4 ,the nature and purposes of these treatises have been set forth in the prefaces of preceding volumes1 but a summary of the purposes1 with needed emphasis on several1 is given for the convenience of all readers and the enlightenment of those who may not have the first three books4 ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york contains an historical account of cultivated cherries1 the botany of this fruit1 a statement of its present economic status in ,america1 descriptions of all known varieties of cherries1 the synonymy and bibliography of the species and varieties1 and biographical sketches of the persons who have contributed materially to cherry culture in ,america4 ,the most important varieties are illustrated in colors4 ,everything that was thought would be helpful in breeding cherries has been included1 and special search has been made for such material4 ,so1 too1 whatever was thought to be of interest to students of ecology and of plant distribution has been added4 ,in the monographs on grapes and plums it was necessary to devote much space to the botanical relationship of these fruits since each contains more than a score of species under cultivation1 some of which are scarcely known and most of which are extremely variable4 ,the botany of cultivated cherries is comparatively simple and has been made plain by botanical writers4 ,yet the contemplation of the several species from a horticultural standpoint adds something1 we believe1 to the botany of cherries1 especially as concerns the forms of the ,sweet ,cherry and the ,sour ,cherry which have been variously treated by botanists4 ,as compared with their congeners1 especially the plums1 the economic species of cherries are remarkably well delimited1 showing far less responsiveness to environment and having seemingly less inherent variation1 so that there need be little confusion in botanical classification4 ,on the other hand varieties are so similar that it is only with the greatest difficulty that closely related sorts are distinguished and there is great confusion in the synonymy1 the chief task of the present work being to distinguish the true names from the synonyms of the varieties described4 ,in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york1 as in the preceding fruit books from this ,station1 effort has been made to give as accurately as possible the region in which the species and varieties grow best and to set forth fully the local prejudices of the fruits4 ,such knowledge cannot but be of value in determining the factors which govern the distribution of plants4 ,the establishment of community relationships and description of plant communities now constitute an important part of botany on the one side and of geography on the other4 ,no phenomena give better expression of the climate and the soil of a region than plant communities4 ,when monographs of several of the fruits of temperate ,north ,america shall have been completed1 with statements of likes and dislikes of the fruits and their varieties as to climate and soil1 material should be available to establish plant communities from which can be drawn valuable generalizations4 ,all1 howsoever interested in pomology1 are dependent upon descriptions of fruits4 ,a well-made description of a fruit1 to one mentally equipped to interpret it1 is second only1 in the study of pomology1 to having the fruit itself4 ,with but few exceptions the descriptions of the major varieties are made first hand from cherries growing on the ,station grounds1 though in many cases fruits from different localities have been compared with those home-grown4 ,since there are fewer varieties of cherries than of plums1 it has been possible to describe and illustrate a greater proportion of the sorts under cultivation than in the book on plums1 yet a selection has had to be made of the worthiest of the many kinds4 ,the choice of sorts for full descriptions and color-plates has been determined3 7#a7 ,by the present value of the variety2 7#b7 the probable value if the variety be a novelty2 7#c7 by the value of the data to the cherry breeder2 7#d7 because of historical value--to show what the trend of cherry evolution has been2 7#e7 to show the relationships of species and varieties4 ,the varieties not illustrated nor fully described are divided into two further groups in accordance with the same considerations4 ,in botanical nomenclature the code adopted by the ,international ,botanical ,congress1 held at ,vienna in #aije1 has been used4 ,in the use of horticultural names we have followed somewhat closely the rules of the ,american ,pomological ,society1 though in many cases strict observance of these rules1 poor at best1 would have added to rather than lessened the confusion in horticultural nomenclature and1 therefore1 they have been honored in the breach rather than in the observance4 ,the references given are those that have been of use in ascertaining the history1 the economic status1 or the description of the variety that follows--no more1 no fewer4 ,these constitute a very small proportion of the references that have been read--a tremendous task involving two or three years' work for several persons4 ,so1 too1 it has been a herculean task to search out the synonyms of cherries4 ,french1 ,german1 ,english and ,american books on pomology overflow with such synonyms and all in a state of confusion worse confounded4 ,an enormous amount of work has been done in trying to bring order out of this confusion4 ,many of the synonyms of varieties have been given in times past because of adaptations to local environment4 ,such naming of ecologic forms is not an unmixed evil1 since it draws attention to variable varieties and characters which otherwise might be overlooked4 ,under the ferment of ,mendelian and ,de ,vriesian ideas we seem to be at the beginning of an era of great improvement of plants4 ,there have never been well-directed efforts to improve fruits1 yet something has been done with all4 ,now1 when there is an onrush of new discoveries in plant-breeding1 seems to be a particularly opportune time to tell all that can be learned about how cherries have been brought from their wild state to their present perfection4 ,this we try to do in giving the origin and history of varieties1 especially as to parentage and manner of origin1 though such information is scant and very fragmentary4 ,as in the previous fruit books some prominence is given in foot-notes to biography4 ,a knowledge of the career of those who have been giants in their day in the development of any industry is most helpful to the best understanding1 indeed1 is almost indispensable to the fullest comprehension1 of the industry4 ,the short foot-notes1 it is hoped1 will serve to give some conception of what the master builders in pomology were like in training1 character1 and methods of work4 ,from the reception which these sketches in former fruit books have received1 the writers feel that the considerable expenditure of time and thought that these biographical notices have required is amply justified and that the effort to give credit due and some small honor to the promoters of pomology has been well worth while4 ,for aid in the preparation of ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york ,i am especially indebted to those whose names appear on the title page1 to my associate1 ,mr4 ,r4 ,d4 ,anthony1 for reading proof2 to the ,station editor1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,hall1 who has had charge of the proof reading2 to ,zeese-,wilkinson ,company1 ,new ,york ,city1 who have had an especially difficult task in making the color-plates and who have done the work well2 and to the ,j4 ,b4 ,lyon ,company1 ,albany1 ,new ,york1 for their painstaking work in printing the book4 ,u4 ,p4 ,,hedrick1 ,horticulturist1 ,new ,york ,agricultural ,experiment ,station4 ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,,page ,,preface v ,,index ,,to ,,illustrations xi ,,chapter ,i4--,,cultivated ,,cherries #a ,,chapter ,,ii4--,,the ,,history ,,of ,,cultivated ,,cherries #ci ,,chapter ,,iii4--,,cherry ,,culture #fe ,,chapter ,,iv4--,,leading ,,varieties ,,of ,,cherries #ig ,,chapter ,v4--,,minor ,,varieties ,,of ,,cherries #bje ,,bibliography1 ,,references ,,and ,,abbreviations #ccg ,,index #cdg ,,index ,,to ,,illustrations ,,portrait ,,of ,,charles ,,downing ,frontispiece ,,facing ,,page ,,abbesse ,d',,oignies #ih ,,arch ,,duke #ajj ,,bing #ajd ,,black ,,tartarian #ajh ,,bourgueil #aaj ,,brusseler ,,braune #aab ,,carnation #aad ,,coe #abj ,,double ,,natte #abd ,,downer #abf ,,dyehouse #abf ,,eagle #abh ,,early ,,purple #acj ,,early ,,richmond #acb ,,elton #acf ,,empress ,,eugenie #ach ,,english ,,morello #adj ,,florence #adj ,,george ,,glass #adb ,,ida #add ,,kirtland #adh ,,knight #aej ,,lambert #aeb ,,large ,,montmorency #aed ,,late ,,duke #aef ,louis ,,philippe #aeh ,,may ,,duke #afd ,,mezel #afh ,,montmorency #agj ,,napoleon #agb ,,nouvelle ,,royale #agd ,,olivet #agf ,,ostheim #agh ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,double ,,flowering71 ,,blossoms ,,of #cj ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,mazzard7 #gb ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,mazzard71 ,,blossoms ,,of #fh ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,yellow ,,spanish71 ,,blossoms ,,of #bh ,,prunus ,,avium ,,prunus ,,cerasus 7,,reine ,,hortense71 ,,blossoms ,,of #cb ,,prunus ,,cerasus 7,,amarelle ,,group71 ,,blossoms ,,of #bd ,,prunus ,,cerasus 7,,morello ,,group71 ,,blossoms ,,of #bf ,,prunus ,,mahaleb #gd ,,prunus ,,mahaleb1 ,,blossoms ,,of #gj ,,prunus ,,tomentosa #cd ,,reine ,,hortense #ahj ,,republican #ahb ,,rockport #ahb ,,royal ,,duke #ahd ,,schmidt #ahf ,,short-,,stem ,,montmorency #ahh ,,sklanka #ahh ,,suda #aib ,,timme #aib ,,vladimir #aid ,,windsor #aih ,,wood #bjj ,,yellow ,,spanish #bjb ,,the ,,cherries ,,of ,,new ,,york ,,chapter ,i ,,cultivated ,,cherries ,,cherries ,,and ,,their ,,kindred ,the genus ,prunus plays a very important part in horticulture4 ,it furnishes1 in temperate climates1 the stone-fruits1 plants of ancient and modern agriculture of which there are a score or more commonly cultivated and at least as many more sparingly grown for their edible fruits4 ,of these stone-fruits the species of cherries rank with those of the plum and the peach in commercial importance while the several botanical groups of the apricot and almond are less important1 but hardly less well-known1 members of this notable genus4 ,prunus is of interest1 too1 because the history of its edible species follows step by step the history of agriculture4 ,the domestication of its fruits from wild progenitors1 most of which are still subjects of common observation1 illustrates well the influences and conditions under which plants have generally been brought into domestication4 ,the genus is also of more than ordinary note because the number of its economic species is being increased almost yearly by new-found treasures from ,north ,america and ,asia1 not varieties but species1 which promise under future domestication still further to enrich horticulture4 ,the plum and the peach surpass the cherry in diversity of flavor1 aroma1 texture1 color1 form and size1 characters which make fruits pleasant to the palate and beautiful to the eye2 but the cherry1 perhaps1 plays a more important part than the plum or the peach in domestic economy4 ,it has fewer prejudices as to soil and climate1 hence is much more widely distributed and is more easily grown1 being better represented in the orchards and gardens in the regions where the three fruits grow4 ,the cherry1 too1 fruits more quickly after planting1 ripens earlier in the season and its varieties are more regular in bearing and usually more fruitful--characters that greatly commend it to fruit-growing people4 ,probably it is the most popular of all fruits for the garden1 dooryard1 roadside and small orchard4 ,all in all1 while adorning a somewhat humbler place in pomology1 it is more generally useful than the showier and more delicate plum and peach4 ,though placed by most botanists in the same genus1 each of the stone-fruits constitutes a natural group so distinct that neither botanist nor fruit-grower could possibly take one for another as the trees and fruits of the different groups are called to mind4 ,but there are outstanding forms which seem to establish connections between the many species and the several groups of fruits and through these outliers the characters are so confounded in attempting to separate species that it becomes quickly apparent that there are few distinct lines of cleavage within the genus4 ,for several centuries systematists have disputed as to whether the stone-fruits fall most naturally into one1 two1 or three genera--indeed have not been able to agree as to whether some species are plums or cherries1 or others apricots or plums4 ,hybridization between the cultivated divisions of the genus--unquestionably it has taken place in nature as well--has added to the perplexities of classification4 ,accepting1 then1 for the present at least1 the very artificial classification which1 rather paradoxically1 places in one genus a number of fruits commonly thought of as quite distinct1 let us briefly note the characters which best distinguish cherries from their congeners4 ,the cherry is nearest of kin to the plum4 ,these two are roughly separated from the other cultivated members of the genus to which they belong by bearing their fruits on stems in fascicles while the others are practically stemless and are solitary or borne in pairs4 ,the fruits of plums and cherries are globular or oblong1 succulent and smooth or nearly so4 ,peaches1 apricots1 nectarines and almonds are more sulcate than plums and cherries and the almond has a drier flesh1 splitting at maturity to liberate the stone2 and1 with the exception of nectarines and a few varieties of apricots1 all are very pubescent4 ,the stones of cherries and plums are smooth1 or nearly so1 while those of the other fruits are sculptured and pitted1 though those of the apricot are often somewhat plum-like4 ,cherries are separated from plums by their smaller size and distinctive color of skin1 juice and flesh2 by the texture and distinct flavor of the flesh2 by growth in corymbose rather than umbelliferous fascicles2 by the more globular stone2 and by the arrangement of the leaves in the bud4 ,leaves of the plum are usually convolute1 or rolled up1 in the bud1 while those of the cherry are conduplicate1 or folded lengthwise along the midrib4 ,we have been discussing the cherries of common cultivation--the ,sweet ,cherry and ,sour ,cherry of the orchards1 the fascicled cherries to which the botanists give the group name1 ,cerasus4 ,but there is another group1 the ,padus cherries1 well worthy of brief mention4 ,the most noteworthy representatives of ,padus are the bird cherry 7,prunus padus7 of the ,old ,world and the choke cherry 7,prunus virginiana7 of the ,new ,world4 ,these ,padus cherries are distinguished botanically in having their flowers borne in racemes1 that is1 in long clusters of which those nearest the base of the shoot open first--rather than in the short-clustered fascicles of the ,cerasus group4 ,the cherries are small and almost or quite black4 ,the ,padus cherries are but sparingly cultivated but undoubtedly they are capable of some improvement under more thorough cultivation4 ,,distribution ,,of ,,cultivated ,,cherries ,the cherry is one of the most commonly cultivated of all fruits and the many varieties of its several forms encircle the globe in the ,north ,temperate ,zone and are being rapidly disseminated throughout the temperate parts of the ,southern ,hemisphere4 ,for centuries it has been1 as we shall see in the history of the species1 one of the most valuable fruit-producing trees of ,europe and ,asia--an inhabitant of nearly every orchard and garden as well as a common roadside tree in temperate climates in both continents4 ,from ,europe1 as a center of distribution1 the cherry has played an important part in the orcharding in temperate regions of other continents4 ,in ,north ,america varieties of the cherry are grown from ,newfoundland to ,vancouver ,island on the north1 to the ,gulf of ,california1 ,texas and ,florida on the south1 yielding fruit in a greater diversity of soils and climates in ,canada and the ,states of the ,union than any other tree-fruit4 ,the ,sour ,cherry is very cosmopolitan1 thriving in many soils2 is able to withstand heat1 cold and great atmospheric dryness1 if the soil contain moisture2 and1 though it responds to good care1 it grows under neglect better than any other tree-fruit4 ,the ,sour ,cherry1 too1 is rather less inviting to insects and fungi than most other stone-fruits1 being practically immune to the dreaded ,san ,jos scale4 ,on the other hand the ,sweet ,cherry is very fastidious as to soils1 is lacking in hardiness to both heat and cold and is prey to many insects and subject to all the ills to which stone-fruits are heir2 it is grown at its best in but few and comparatively limited areas1 though these are very widely distributed4 ,,uses ,,of ,,the ,,cherry ,the cherry is a delectable early-summer fruit1 especially grateful as a refreshing dessert and much valued in cookery1 when fresh1 canned1 preserved or dried1 for the making of pies1 tarts1 sauces and confections4 ,during the last few years1 in ,america at least1 the consumption of cherries has been enormously increased by the fashion of adding preserved cherries1 as much for ornament as to give flavor1 to many drinks and ices4 ,the great bulk of the cherry crop now grown in ,america for commercial purposes is canned1 the industry being more or less specialized in a few fruit regions4 ,the demand for cherries for canning seems to be increasing greatly but unfortunately it calls for but few varieties1 the ,montmorency being the sort sought for among the ,sour ,cherries1 while the hard-fleshed varieties of the ,bigarreau type are in greatest demand among the ,sweet ,cherries4 ,the cherry1 while a very common fruit in nearly all agricultural regions of ,america1 does not hold the place in ,american markets as a fresh fruit that it does in the towns and cities of ,europe4 ,the great abundance of strawberries1 raspberries1 currants1 gooseberries1 dewberries1 blackberries1 as well as early varieties of tree fruits1 makes keener here than abroad the competition in the fruit markets during cherry time4 ,the fact1 too1 that market fruits in ,america are shipped long distances1 for which the cherry is not well adapted1 helps to explain the relatively small regard in which this fruit has been held for commercial purposes in the fresh state4 ,in recent years1 however1 both ,sweet ,cherries and ,sour ,cherries1 the former in particular1 have been sent to the markets in far greater abundance1 the impetus to their market value being due to a better product--better varieties1 hence greater demand--and to greatly improved facilities for shipping and holding for sale4 ,in ,europe several liqueurs are very commonly made from cherries both for home and commercial uses4 ,such is not the case in ,america1 where1 except in very limited quantities in which unfermented cherry juices are used in the home1 this fruit is not used in liqueur-making4 ,in some of the countries of ,europe1 wine is made from the juice2 a spirit1 kirschwasser1#a is distilled from the fermented pulp as an article for both home and commerce2 and ratafias and cordials are very generally flavored with cherries4 ,in the ,austrian province of ,dalmatia a liqueur or cordial called maraschino#b is made by a secret process of fermentation and distillation4 ,this liqueur is imported in ,america in considerable quantities to flavor preservatives in which the home-grown cherries are prepared for use in various drinks and confections4 ,no attempts have been made to grow the ,marasca cherry on a commercial scale in ,america but undoubtedly it could be grown and1 with the process of making maraschino discovered1 an important use would be developed for cherries--all the more to be desired since the foreign maraschino is now grossly adulterated and imitated in this country4 ,both the fruits and seeds of cherries1 especially of the ,mahaleb1 are steeped in spirits for food1 drink and medicinal purposes4 ,an oil used in making perfumes for scenting soaps and confectionery is also extracted from the seeds of the ,mahaleb because of which use this species is often called the ,perfumed ,cherry4 ,in the old herbals and pomologies much is made of the value of cherries for medicinal purposes4 ,the fruit was supposed to be a sovereign remedy for various ailments of the digestive tract as well as for nervous disorders and epilepsy4 ,the astringent leaves and bark1 or extracts from them1 were much used by the ancients in medicine and are still more or less employed both as home remedies and in the practice of medicine as mild tonics and sedatives4 ,one of the active chemicals of the leaf1 seed and bark is hydrocyanic acid to which is largely due the peculiar odor of these structures4 ,a gum is secreted from the trunks of cherry trees1 known in commerce as cerasin1 which has some use in medicine and in various trades as well1 especially as a substitute and as an adulterant of gum arabic4 ,at least three cultivated cherry trees produce wood of considerable value4 ,the wood of the cherry is hard1 close-grained1 solid1 durable1 a handsome pale red1 or brown tinged with red4 ,prunus avium1 the ,sweet ,cherry1 furnishes a wood which1 if sufficient care be taken to season it1 is of much value in cabinet-making and for the manufacture of musical instruments4 ,prunus mahaleb is a much smaller tree than the former but its wood1 as much as there is of it1 is even more valuable1 being very hard and fragrant and dark enough in color to take on a beautiful mahogany-like polish4 ,in ,france the wood of the ,mahaleb cherry is held in high esteem1 under the name ,bois de ,st4 ,lucie1 in cabinet-making and for toys1 canes1 handles and especially for the making of tobacco pipes4 ,in ,japan the wood of ,prunus pseudocerasus is said to be in great demand for engraving and in making the blocks used in printing cloth and wall-paper4 ,in ,america the wood of the orchard species of cherries is seldom used for domestic purposes1 that of the wild species being so much more cheaply obtainable and serving all purposes quite as well4 ,to people who know it only for its fruit1 the cherry does not appear particularly desirable as an ornamental4 ,but wild and cultivated cherries furnish many beautiful trees in a genus peculiar for the beauty of its species4 ,the color and abundance of the flowers1 fruits and leaves of the cultivated cherries and the fact that they are prolific of forms with double flowers1 weeping1 fastigiate or other ornamental habits1 make the several species of this plant valuable as ornamentals4 ,besides1 they are vigorous and rapid in growth1 hardy1 easy of culture1 comparatively free from pests and adapted to a great diversity of soils and climates4 ,both the ornamental and the edible cherries are very beautiful in spring when abundantly covered with flowers1 which usually open with the unfolding leaves1 as well as throughout the summer when overspread with lustrous green foliage and most of them are quite as conspicuously beautiful in the autumn when the leaves turn from green to light and dark tints of red4 ,all will agree that a cherry tree in full fruit is a most beautiful object4 ,in the winter when the leaves have fallen1 some of the trees1 especially of the ornamental varieties1 are very graceful and beautiful1 others are often picturesque1 and even the somewhat stiff and formal ,sweet ,cherries are attractive plants in the garden or along the roadside4 ,very acceptable jellies1 sauces and preserves are made from several of the wild cherries in the ,padus group4 ,the peasantry of the ,eastern ,hemisphere have in times of need found them important foods as have also the ,american ,indians at all times4 ,the fruits of some of the species of ,padus are quite commonly used in flavoring liqueurs and on both continents are sometimes fermented and distilled into a liqueur similar to kirschwasser4 ,the bark of different parts of the trees of this group is valuable in medicine--at least is largely used4 ,the trees of several species form handsome ornamentals and some of them are in commerce for the purpose4 ,prunus serotina1 one of the group1 because of the strength of its wood and the beautiful satiny polish which its surface is capable of receiving1 is a valuable timber tree of ,american forests4 ,for the products of the members of this group1 as just set forth1 the domestication of some of the species of ,padus might well be pushed4 #a ,kirschwasser as a commercial article is made chiefly on the upper ,rhine from the wild black ,sweet ,cherry 7,prunus avium74 ,in its manufacture1 fruit--flesh and kernels--is mashed into a pulp which is allowed to ferment4 ,by distillation from this fermented pulp a colorless liqueur is obtained4 #b ,maraschino is a liqueur1 or cordial1 made from the fruit and leaves of the small1 sour1 black ,marasca cherry4 ,the product comes chiefly from ,zara1 the capital of the ,austrian province of ,dalmatia1 where it has been made and exported for over #bjj years4 ,such accounts of the process of making maraschino as have become public seem to agree that the liqueur is a distillation of a compote made from the fruit and young leaves4 ,when ripe the cherries are picked early in the morning and sent at once to the distillery where the stones are extracted by machinery4 ,the leaves are cut1 pressed and added to the fruit with sugar and alcohol4 ,this mixture is allowed to ferment for six months or thereabouts and from it is then distilled maraschino4 ,it is then stored in cellars for three years before being placed on the markets4 ,in both ,europe and ,america there are many imitations of the maraschino liqueur in which neither fruit nor foliage of the ,marasca nor any other cherry has any part4 ,according to the ,dalmatians all attempts to improve the ,marasca cherry by culture have failed4 ,they say1 too1 that it will not thrive elsewhere than in ,dalmatia4 ,under culture1 the fruits and leaves lose their distinctive aroma and taste as they do on any but the native soil of the variety4 ,the poorer1 sparser and more rocky the ferruginous soil1 the wilder the tree1 the smaller and sourer the cherries1 the better the maraschino liqueur--so the present makers say4 ,since considerable quantities of cherries are put up in ,america in maraschino1 or its imitation1 and the manufacture of such products is a growing industry1 the following ruling by the ,board of ,food and ,drug ,inspection of the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture1 taken from ,food ,inspection ,decision #ada1 is of interest to growers1 canners and users of cherries3 ,in considering the products prepared from the large light-colored cherry of the ,napoleon ,bigarreau1 or ,royal ,anne type1 which are artificially colored and flavored and put up in a sugar sirup1 flavored with various materials1 the ,board has reached the conclusion that this product is not properly entitled to be called ',maraschino ,cherries1' or ',cherries in ,maraschino4' ,if1 however1 these cherries are packed in a sirup1 flavored with maraschino alone1 it is the opinion of the ,board that they would not be misbranded1 if labeled ',cherries1 ,maraschino ,flavor1' or ',maraschino ,flavored ,cherries4' ,if these cherries are packed in maraschino liqueur there would be no objection to the phrase ',cherries in ,maraschino4' ,when these artificially colored cherries are put up in a sirup flavored in imitation of maraschino1 even though the flavoring may consist in part of maraschino1 it would not be proper to use the word ',maraschino' in connection with the product unless preceded by the word ',imitation4' ,they may1 however1 be labeled to show that they are a preserved cherry1 artificially colored and flavored4 ,the presence of artificial coloring or flavoring matter1 of any substitute for cane sugar1 and the presence and amount of benzoate of soda1 when used in these products must be plainly stated upon the label in the manner provided in ,food ,inspection ,decisions ,nos4 #eb and #ajd4 ,,literature ,,of ,,the ,,cherry ,despite the important part they have played in orcharding since the domestication of fruits in temperate zones1 as shown by their history and their present popularity1 pomological writers have singularly neglected cherries4 ,there are relatively few ,european books devoted to them and in ,america1 while there are treatises on all others of the common tree-fruits1 the cherry alone seems not to have inspired some pomologist to print a book4 ,neither are the discussions in general pomologies as full and accurate as for other fruits4 ,the reason for this neglect is that the cherry1 until the last decade or two1 has scarcely been a fruit of commerce1 having been grown almost entirely for home use or at most for the local market4 ,as a result of this neglect of the cherry by students of pomology1 we have no authoritative nor serviceable system of classification of the varieties of cherries and the nomenclature of this fruit is in an appalling state of confusion1 as a glance at the synonymy of some of the older varieties discussed in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york will show4 ,,amelioration ,,of ,,the ,,cherry ,the amelioration of the cherry has been in progress almost since the dawn of civilization1 yet few men have directed their efforts toward the improvement of this fruit4 ,the histories of the varieties described in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york show that nearly all of them have come from chance seedlings4 ,possibly there has been little interest in improving cherries because this fruit is comparatively immutable in its characters4 ,in spite of the fact that there are a great number of varieties1 #a1ade being described in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york1 this of all stone-fruits is most fixed in its characters4 ,the differences between tree and fruit in the many varieties are less marked than in the other fruits of ,prunus and the varieties come more nearly true to seed4 ,though probably domesticated as long ago as any other of the tree-fruits1 the cherry is now most of all like its wild progenitors4 ,the plum is very closely related to the cherry but it has varied in nature and under cultivation much more than the cherry and in accordance with different environments has developed more marked differences in its species to endure the conditions brought about by the topographical and climatic changes through which the earth has passed4 ,under domestication more than twice as many orchard varieties of the plum have come into being as of the cherry4 ,in spite of this stability1 there are ample rewards in breeding cherries to those who will put in practice rightly directed efforts to improve this fruit--a statement substantiated by the histories of some of the best varieties1 described later in this text1 which were originated through what was passing as current coin in plant-breeding before the far better methods of the present time1 brought about by ,mendel's discovery1 came into being4 ,the cherry1 as the histories of its many diverse kinds show1 has been improved only through new varieties4 ,there is no evidence1 whatever1 to show that any one of the several hundred cherries described in this text has been improved by selection as a cumulative process1 or1 on the other hand1 that any one of them has cumulatively degenerated4 ,of varieties cultivated for their fruits there are no records of mutations either from the seed or from bud1 though of the ornamental cherries not a few have arisen as bud-mutations1 as1 for example1 the several double-flowered cherries and those of weeping or fastigiate habit of growth and the many sorts with abnormally colored foliage4 ,since improvement depends upon the bringing into being of new cherries it becomes highly important to know how the varieties we are dealing with in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york have come into existence4 ,the following is a summary of their manner of origin3-- ,no case is recorded in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york of a variety known to have come from self-fertilized seed4 ,the seed parent is given for #fa varieties4 ,the statements as to seed parents are probably accurate1 for a man planting cherry seeds would record the name of the seed parent correctly if he knew it4 ,the seed and pollen parents of twenty of the cherries described in this work are given4 ,sixteen of these are hybrids originating with ,professor ,n4 ,e4 ,hansen of ,south ,dakota1 leaving but four sorts the parents of which were known before the recent work of ,professor ,hansen4 ,no cherry cultivated for its fruit is reported to have come from a sport or a bud-mutation4 ,cherries arising from seed sown without knowledge of either parent or from natural seedlings are put down as chance seedlings2 of these there are #adg4 ,the origin of #iag of the varieties here described is unknown4 ,the total number of cherries under discussion is #a1ade4 ,to improve the cherry the breeder must know the material with which he is working4 ,the following is a brief discussion of the characters of this fruit to be found in the technical descriptions of species and varieties4 ,,tree ,,and ,,fruit ,,characters ,,of ,,the ,,cherry ,species of cherries have very characteristic trees4 ,the merest glance at the tree enables one to tell the ,sweet ,cherry1 ,prunus avium1 from the ,sour ,cherry1 ,prunus cerasus4 ,the first named is the larger of the two1 especially reaching a greater height1 is pyramidal in shape1 with branches erect and bearing much less foliage than the ,sour ,cherry4 ,the ,sweet ,cherry often lives for a century or more--the ,sour ,cherry attains but the three score years and ten of man4 ,prunus cerasus is easily distinguished from ,prunus avium by its comparatively low1 roundish and never pyramidal head4 ,so1 too1 many of the varieties of either of these two species are readily told in the orchard by the size or habit of the plant4 ,other species are either shrubby or tree-like and their varieties may often be identified from the spaciousness or dwarfness of its trees4 ,size is rather more variable than other gross characters because of the influence of environment--food1 moisture1 light1 isolation1 pests and the like--yet size in a plant1 or in the parts of a plant1 is a very reliable character when proper allowances have been made for environment4 ,habit of growth1 unlike size1 varies but little with changing conditions and thus becomes a most important means of distinguishing species and varieties and not infrequently sets the seal and sign of desirability for an orchard cherry4 ,more than any other character1 habit of growth gives what is called aspect to a cherry tree4 ,thus1 a species or a variety may be upright1 spreading1 round-topped1 drooping or weeping in habit of growth2 the head may be open or dense and may be formed by a central shaft with several whorls of branches or by three or four trunk-like stems each with its scaffolding branches4 ,the trees may grow rapidly or slowly and may be long-lived or short-lived4 ,the trunks may be short and stocky1 or long and slender1 straight or crooked1 gnarled or smooth1 these characters often determining whether a cherry is manageable or unmanageable in the orchard4 ,the degree of hardiness is a very important diagnostic character for groups of cherries and often wholly indicates their value for agriculture4 ,thus1 the varieties of ,prunus avium are but little hardier than the peach while those of ,prunus cerasus are as hardy or hardier than the apple4 ,the range of varieties as to hardiness falls within that of the species and it is interesting to note that in ,europe1 where the wild ,prunus avium is very common1 in the many centuries since the fruit has been under domestication1 a cultivated variety hardier than the wild ,sweet ,cherry has not been developed4 ,cherries are designated in the technical descriptions as hardy1 half-hardy and tender4 ,productiveness1 age of bearing1 and regularity of bearing are distinctive and valuable characters of orchard cherries but not of wild cherries4 ,the care given the tree greatly influences fruitfulness1 yet the quantity of fruit produced is often a helpful means of identifying a variety and is a character that must always be considered by the plant-breeder4 ,age of bearing and regularity of bearing are most important characters with the pome fruits1 the apple1 in particular1 but while worth considering with the drupes are of relatively little value1 all drupaceous fruits coming in bearing at about the same time for the species and all bearing regularly1 as a rule1 unless interfered with by some outside agency preventing the setting or causing the dropping of fruit4 ,immunity and susceptibility to diseases and insects are valuable taxonomic characters of both species and varieties of cultivated cherries4 ,thus1 the varieties of ,prunus cerasus are very susceptible to black knot 7,plowrightia morbosa71 while those of ,prunus avium are almost immune4 ,on the other hand1 ,prunus avium is an inviting prey to ,san ,jos scale 7,aspidiotus perniciosus71 while ,prunus cerasus is but little injured1 indeed1 seldom attacked2 ,prunus mahaleb appears to be almost wholly immune to the powdery mildew 7,podosphaera oxyacanthae71 while ,prunus avium and ,prunus cerasus are much attacked1 though ,wood1 a variety of ,prunus avium1 is almost immune4 ,the ,english ,morello1 a variety of ,prunus cerasus1 is very subject to leaf spot 7,cylindrosporium padi71 while ,montmorency1 of the same species1 is nearly immune4 ,these examples can be multiplied many times by references to the discussions of varieties1 and represent only observations on the grounds and in the neighborhood of this ,station4 ,they serve to show the great importance1 to the fruit-grower1 the plant-breeder and the systematist1 of natural resistance to disease and insects4 ,both the outer and the inner bark have considerable value in determining species but are of little importance in identifying varieties and have no economic value to the fruit-grower and hence but little to the breeder4 ,smoothness1 color1 thickness and manner of exfoliation are the attributes of the outer bark to be noted1 while the color of the inner bark is the only determinant and that relatively unimportant4 ,in young trees the bark of the cherry of all species is smooth1 glossy or even brilliant2 but later it becomes uneven1 scaly and dull1 usually ash-gray but varying in all of these characters to an extent well worth noting for taxonomic purposes4 ,cherries1 in common with most trees1 have a lighter colored bark in cold than in warm regions1 and in dry than in wet areas4 ,branches and branchlets are very characteristic in both species and varieties4 ,the length1 thickness1 direction1 rigidity and the branching angle are valuable determining characters and very stable ones1 changing but little even with marked variations of soil and climate4 ,thus1 a ,sweet ,cherry tree can be told from a tree of the ,sour ,cherry1 or the ,english ,morello can be distinguished from ,montmorency by branch characters as far as the outlines of the trees are discernible4 ,few cherries bear spines but all are more or less spurred and these spurs are quite characteristic even in varieties4 ,with the branchlets the length of the internodes should be considered and their direction1 whether straight or zigzag2 also color1 smoothness1 amount of pubescence1 size and appearance of the lenticels1 the presence of excrescences1 are all to be noted in careful study though all are more or less variable1 pubescence especially so1 this character being too often relied upon in descriptions by ,european botanists and pomologists4 ,leaf-buds vary greatly in different species in size1 shape1 color of the buds and of their outer and inner scales and in the outline of the scales4 ,the angle at which the bud stands out from the branchlet is of some taxonomic value4 ,vernation1 or the disposition of the leaf-blade in the bud1 is a fine mark of distinction in separating the cherry from other stone-fruits and while all cherry leaves are supposed to be conduplicate1 that is1 folded by the midrib so that the two halves are face to face1 yet there are slight but important differences in the conduplication of the leaves in both species and varieties4 ,the manner of bearing buds--whether single1 in pairs1 or in rosettes--must be taken into account1 with species at least1 and differences in shape and position of leaf and fruit-buds must be noted4 ,leaves in their season are very evident and either collectively or individually are valuable determinants of species and varieties4 ,fruit-growers take little note of leaves1 however1 though they should be taken into practical account1 since their size and number often indicate the degree of vigor4 ,the variability of leaves is usually within limits easily set and occurs most often in young plants1 in extremes of soil and climate1 and on very succulent growths or water-sprouts4 ,leaf-size is the most variable character of this organ but is yet dependable in separating several species1 as1 for example1 ,prunus avium from ,prunus cerasus1 the leaves being very much larger in the former than in the latter species4 ,leaf-forms are very constant in species and varieties1 hence especially valuable in classification4 ,much care has been taken to illustrate accurately the size and form of cherry leaves in the color-plates in this text but it is impossible to reproduce by color-printing the tints of the leaves1 though these are quite constant in both species and varieties4 ,other characters of leaves taken into account in describing cherries are thickness1 roughness1 and pubescence1 all of which are somewhat variable1 being greatly influenced by climate and soil4 ,quite too much stress is laid upon the value of pubescence on leaves in determining groups1 unless comparisons can be made between plants growing in the same habitat4 ,possibly more important than any other part of the leaf-blade1 in the study of species at least1 is the margin4 ,this in the cherry is always serrated and often sub-serrated4 ,these serrations are best studied at the middle of the sides of the leaves1 those at the base and apex often being crowded or wanting4 ,the petiole may be used to good advantage in distinguishing both species and varieties4 ,thus1 in consequence of the great length and slenderness of the petiole of leaves of ,sweet ,cherries1 the leaves are always more or less drooping1 while those of the ,sour ,cherry are usually erect by reason of the petiole being short and strong4 ,the color of the petiole is said by some to be correlated with that of the fruit--a statement that needs verification4 ,the pubescence of the petiole must be noted4 ,the position1 size1 shape and color of the glands on cherry leaves must be noted as they are fairly constant guides4 ,they are usually on the petiole at the base of the leaf but are sometimes on the leaf itself4 ,the glands are commonly given as globular or reniform in shape but there are often intermediate forms the shape of which is hard to classify4 ,stipules in this plant have considerable taxonomic value1 having some distinguishing marks not possessed by the leaves4 ,cherry leaves springing from dormant leaf-buds have very small stipules1 sometimes so minute as hardly to be seen1 but on the current year's growth the stipules are larger1 being largest at the tip of the branchlet4 ,there is considerable difference in the size of these organs in varieties of the same species4 ,stipules of the cherry are nearly always borne in pairs4 ,the small stipules1 appearing with the first leaves1 drop1 at this ,station1 about the middle of ,june while those accompanying the later leaves on the wood growth of the current year remain until in ,july1 there being a difference in varieties as to how long they remain4 ,all stipules are deeply toothed and bear glands of varying color and shape on the serrations1 the characters of both serrations and glands offering some distinguishing marks for species and varieties4 ,the flowers of cherries are very characteristic1 as a study of the color-plates of blossoms will show1 furnishing a wholly distinctive mark of species and helping to distinguish varieties4 ,the flowers are hermaphrodites and are borne in more or less dense1 corymbose clusters4 ,individual flowers in species and varieties vary in size1 shape1 color and odor4 ,the peduncles are long or short1 as the case may be2 the corolla furnishes distinctions in size1 shape and color of petals2 the calyces are chiefly distinguished by their glands and the amount and character of the pubescence2 while stamens and pistils offer differences in size1 color of their different parts and in the number of stamens4 ,in plums the reproductive organs differ greatly in ability to perform their functions1 some varieties being self-sterile4 ,in ,new ,york there seem to be no marked differences in fecundity in cherries nor are there so frequently the malformations of reproductive organs which are found in plums4 ,the season of flowering is a fine mark of distinction between species and varieties1 a fact well brought out by the chart on pages #hj-ha4 ,of all organs1 the fruit of the cherry is most responsive to changed conditions and hence most variable1 yet the fruits furnish very valuable taxonomic characters in both botany and pomology4 ,in pomology1 in particular1 the fruits must be closely studied4 ,size1 shape1 color1 bloom1 stem1 cavity1 apex1 suture and skin are the outward characters of which note must be made2 while the color1 aroma1 flavor and texture of the flesh are usually very characteristic4 ,both species and varieties are well distinguished by the time of ripening though there is much variation in ripening dates4 ,the keeping quality is scarcely taken into account with cherries but varies a great deal1 chiefly in accordance with firmness of the flesh4 ,the flesh of cherries1 as in all drupaceous fruits1 clings to the stone or is wholly or partly free--a character of interest both to the systematist and to the fruit-grower4 ,the color of the juice1 whether colorless or red1 is a plain and certain dividing line in both species and varieties4 ,the pits of cherries are rather more lacking in distinction than in other stone-fruits1 plums for example1 yet they must be accounted of considerable value in determination and for this reason have been included in all of the color-plates of varieties4 ,cherry-pits from individual trees are almost lacking in differences except in size but between species and varieties show many distinctions not only in size but in shape1 surfaces1 grooves and ridges1 in the ends and more or less in the seeds within4 ,cherries of any variety grown on poor soils or in incongenial climates tend to have large stones and little flesh1 while the pits are smaller and there is more flesh with the opposite extremes in environment4 ,as will be pointed out in the discussion of the group of cherries known as the ,dukes1 many varieties have pits with shrunken and abortive seeds coming1 as we think1 from the hybrid origin of these cherries4 ,the several pages given to the discussion of the characters of cherries are in preparation for a proper understanding of the classifications and descriptions of species and varieties4 ,we are now ready for the classification of the species of cherries which contribute or may contribute forms for cultivation either for their fruits or as stocks upon which to grow edible cherries4 ,the following is a brief conspectus of the edible species of ,prunus followed by a fuller conspectus of the sub-genus ,cerasus to which cherries belong4 ,a ,,classification ,,of ,,cultivated ,,cherries ,the genus ,prunus is variously delimited and divided by systematic botanists4 ,a simple1 and from a horticultural point of view1 a very satisfactory classification1 is to put almonds and peaches in one sub-genus 7,amygdalus71 cherries in a second 7,cerasus71 plums and apricots in a third 7,euprunus71 and to place the racemose cherries and cherry-laurels1 usually considered in ,prunus1 in another genus1 ,padus4 ,in this division of ,prunus into three sub-genera we may assign to each the following characters4 ,a4 ,leaves convolute1 i4 e41 rolled in the bud 7showing best in the opening buds74#c ,euprunus4 ,plums and apricots4 ,a4,a4 ,leaves conduplicate1 i4 e41 folded lengthwise along the midrib in the bud4 ,b4 ,fruit more or less dry and hirsute2 if juicy or glabrous the blossoms appear long before the opening of the leaves2 fruits without stems4 ,amygdalus4 ,almonds and peaches4 ,b4,b4 ,fruit always juicy and usually glabrous2 blooms appearing with the leaves4 ,cerasus4 ,cherries4 ,of these several divisions we are here concerned only with ,cerasus1 to which belong all fascicled cherries1 the racemose1 or ,padus1 cherries as yet having little or no value as esculents4 ,the genus ,prunus is from year to year being enlarged by the discovery of new species1 the additions to ,cerasus in particular being numerous4 ,thus1 a decade ago1 botanists placed in this sub-genus1 at the outside1 not more than a score of species but ,koehne1 the most recent monographer of ,cerasus1 describes #aai species4 ,of ,koehne's species at least a dozen are more or less cultivated for their fruits and a score or more are grown as ornamentals4 ,the following species are listed by ,koehne3#d ,,species ,,of ,,cherries ,div4 ,i4 ,,typocerasus ,koehne4 ,sect4 #a ,,cremastosepalum ,koehne4 ,subsect4 #a4 ,,mahaleb ,koehne4 ,cerasus sect4 ,mahaleb ,roemer4 ,fam4 ,nat4 ,syn4 #c3gi4 #ahdg4 ,prunus subgen4 ,cerasus sect4 ,mahaleb ,koehne4 ,deutsche ,dendr4 #cje4 #ahic4 ,ser4 #a4 ,,eumahaleb ,koehne4 #a4 ,prunus mahaleb ,linnaeus4 ,sp4 ,pl4 #dgb4 #agec4 ,europe1 ,western ,asia4 ,ser4 #b4 ,,paramahaleb ,koehne4 #b4 ,prunus mollis ,walpers4 ,rep4 #b3i4 ,western ,north ,america4 #c4 ,prunus emarginata ,walpers4 ,rep4 #b3i4 ,western ,north ,america4 ,cerasus californica ,greene4 ,fl4 ,francis #a3ej4 #d4 ,prunus pennsylvanica ,linnaeus4 ,syst4 ed #ac ,suppl4 #beb4 ,eastern ,north ,america4 ,subsect4 #b4 ,,eucerasus ,koehne4 ,prunus sect4 ,eucerasus ,koehne4 ,deutsche ,dendr4 #cjf4 #ahic4 #e4 ,prunus fruticosa ,pallas4 ,fl4 ,ross4 #a3ai4 #aghd4 ,europe to ,siberia4 #f4 ,prunus acida ,c4 ,koch4 ,dendr4 #a3aab4 #ahfi4 ,southern ,europe4 #g4 ,prunus cerasus ,linnaeus4 ,sp4 ,pl4 #dgd4 #agec4 ,europe1 ,western ,asia4 #h4 ,prunus avium ,linnaeus4 ,fl4 ,svec4 ed #b3afe4 #agee4 ,europe1 ,western ,asia4 ,subsect4 #c4 ,,phyllomahaleb ,koehne4 ,ser4 #a4 ,,aphanadenium ,,koehne4 #i4 ,prunus maximowiczii ,ruprecht4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #ae3aca4 #aheg4 ,prunus bracteata ,franchet ,savatier4 ,enum4 ,pl4 ,jap4 #b3cbi4 #ahgi4 ,prunus apetala ,zabel4 ,mitt4 ,deutsch4 ,dendr4 ,ges4 #ac3fj 7not ,franchet ,savatier7 #aijd4 ,amur1 eastern ,manchuria1 ,korea1 ,saghalin1 ,japan from ,hokkaido to ,kiushiu4 ,prunus maximowiczii aperta ,komarow4 ,act4 ,hort4 ,petrop4 #bb3e1 #dh4 #aijd4 ,manchuria from the ,ussuri through ,kirin to ,mukden and northern ,korea #aj4 ,prunus pulchella ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3aig4 #aiab4 ,western ,hupeh4 ,ser4 #b4 ,,macradenium ,koehne4 #aa4 ,prunus conadenia ,koehne4 l4 c4 #aig4 ,western ,szechuan4 #ab4 ,prunus pleiocerasus ,koehne4 l4 c4 #aih4 ,western ,szechuan4 #ac4 ,prunus macradenia ,koehne4 l4 c4 #aii4 ,western ,szechuan4 #ad4 ,prunus discadenia ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bjj4 ,western ,hupeh4 #ae4 ,prunus szechuanica ,batalin4 ,act4 ,hort4 ,petrop4 #ad3afg4 #ahie4 ,szechuan4 ,subsect4 #d4 ,,phyllocerasus ,koehne4 #af4 ,prunus tatsienensis ,batalin4 ,act4 ,hort4 ,petrop4 #ad3cbb4 #ahig4 ,szechuan4 ,prunus tatsienensis adenophora 7,franchet7 ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bch4 #aiab4 ,prunus maximowiczii adenophora ,franchet4 ,pl4 ,delavay4 #aie4 #ahhi4 ,yunnan4 ,prunus tatsienensis stenadenia ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bja4 #aiab4 ,western ,szechuan4 #ag4 ,prunus variabilis ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bja4 ,western ,hupeh4 #ah4 ,prunus pilosiuscula 7,schneider7 ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bjb4 ,prunus tatsienensis pilosiuscula ,schneider4 ,fedde ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3ff4 #aije4 ,western ,hupeh and ,szechuan4 #ai4 ,prunus polytricha ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bjd4 #aiab4 ,western ,hupeh4 #bj4 ,prunus rehderiana ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bje4 ,western ,hupeh4 #ba4 ,prunus venusta ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bci4 ,western ,hupeh4 #bb4 ,prunus litigiosa ,schneider4 ,fedde ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3fe4 #aije4 ,hupeh4 ,prunus litigiosa abbreviata ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bje4 #aiab4 ,western ,hupeh4 #bc4 ,prunus clarofolia ,schneider4 ,fedde ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3fg4 #aije4 ,szechuan4 ,subsect4 #e4 ,,pseudomahaleb ,koehne4 #bd4 ,prunus yunnanensis ,franchet4 ,pl4 ,delavay4 #aie4 #ahhi4 ,yunnan4 #be4 ,prunus macgregoriana ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bdj4 #aiab4 ,western ,hupeh4 #bf4 ,prunus henryi 7,schneider7 ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bdj4 ,prunus yunnanensis henryi ,c4 ,k4 ,schneider4 ,fedde ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3ff 7in part7 #aije4 ,yunnan4 #bg4 ,prunus neglecta ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bda4 #aiab4 ,prunus yunnanensis henryi ,c4 ,k4 ,schneider4 ,fedde ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3ff 7in part7 #aije4 ,yunnan4 ,subsect4 #f4 ,,lobopetalum ,koehne4 ,ser4 #a4 ,,heterocalyx ,koehne4 #bh4 ,prunus scopulorum ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bda4 #aiab4 ,western ,hupeh4 #bi4 ,prunus glabra 7,pampanini7 ,koehne4 ,prunus hirtipes glabra ,pampanini4 ,nuov4 ,giorn4 ,bot4 ,ital4 #ag3bic4 #aiaj2 #ah3abb4 #aiaa4 ,hupeh4 #cj4 ,prunus involucrata ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bjf4 #aiab4 ,western ,hupeh4 #ca4 ,prunus hirtipes ,hemsley4 ,jour4 ,linn4 ,soc4 #bc3bah4 #ahhg4 #cb4 ,prunus schneideriana ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bdb4 #aiab4 ,chekiang4 #cc4 ,prunus duclouxii ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bdb4 ,yunnan4 #cd4 ,prunus ampla ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bdc4 #aiab4 ,szechuan4 #ce4 ,prunus malifolia ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bjg4 ,western ,hupeh4 ,prunus malifolia rosthornii ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bdc4 ,szechuan4 ,ser4 #b4 ,,cyclaminium ,koehne4 #cf4 ,prunus cyclamina ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bjg4 #aiab4 ,western ,hupeh4 ,prunus cyclamina biflora ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bdc4 ,western ,china4 #cg4 ,prunus dielsiana ,schneider4 ,fedde ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3fh4 #aije4 ,p4 szechuanica1 var48 or ,p4 szechuanica dielsiana ,schneider1 l4 c41 not ,p4 szechuanica ,batalin4 ,hupeh4 ,prunus dielsiana laxa ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bjh4 #aiab4 ,western ,hupeh4 ,prunus dielsiana conferta ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bdd4 ,western ,hupeh4 #ch4 ,prunus plurinervis ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bjh4 ,western ,szechuan4 #ci4 ,prunus rufoides ,schneider4 ,fedde ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3ee4 #aije4 ,szechuan4 #dj4 ,prunus hirtifolia ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bji4 #aiab4 ,western ,szechuan4 ,sect4 #b4 ,,pseudocerasus ,koehne4 ,prunus subgen4 ,cerasus sect4 ,yamasakura ,koidzumi4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #be3ahc4 #aiaa4 ,subsect4 #g4 ,,hypadenium ,koehne4 #da4 ,prunus glandulifolia ,ruprecht ,maximowicz4 ,mm4 ,sav4 tr4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #i3hg 7,prim4 ,fl4 ,amur47 #ahei4 ,amur4 ,subsect4 #h4 ,,sargentiella ,koehne4 #db4 ,prunus pseudocerasus ,lindley4 ,trans4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,lond4 #f3ij4 #ahbf4 ,cultivated in ,china4 ,cerasus pseudocerasus ,g4 ,don4 ,loudon ,hort4 ,brit4 #bjj4 #ahcj4 ,prunus sieboldii ,koidzumi4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #be3ahd4 #aiaa4 ,prunus pseudocerasus sieboldii ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #bi3ajb4 ,prunus paniculata ,ker4 ,bot4 ,reg4 #aj3 t4 #hjj4 #ahbd1 not ,prunus paniculata ,thunberg4 ,cerasus paniculata ,de ,candolle4 ,prodr4 #b3eci4 #ahbe4 ,cerasus sieboldtii ,carrire4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #cga4 #ahff4 ,prunus sieboldii ,wittmack4 ,gartenfl4 #ea3bgb4 #aijb4 ,prunus pseudocerasus serrulata sieboldtii ,makino4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bb3ajb4 #aijh8 ,prunus serrulata serrulata sieboldtii ,makino4 l4 c4 #bc3gd4 #aiji4 ,prunus pseudocerasus typica sieboldii ,koidzumi4 l4 c4 #ahb4 ,prunus pseudocerasus flore roseo pleno ,koehne4 7,horticultural7 ,prunus pseudocerasus naden ,koehne4 7,horticultural7 ,prunus pseudocerasus watereri ,koehne4 l4 c4 #agb4 #aiji4 ,cerasus wattererii1 cited by ,lavalle ,icon4 ,arb4 ,segrez4 #aai4 #ahhe1 as a synonym under ,cerasus pseudocerasus8 ,cerasus watereri ,goldring4 ,garden #cc3daf1 fig4 p4 #dbj4 #ahhh8 ,prunus serrulata serrulata wattererii ,makino4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bc3ge4 #aiji8 7,horticultural7 ,prunus pseudocerasus virescens ,koehne4 ,prunus donarium ,siebold4 ,rijks-,herbarium1 ,leyden4 #dc4 ,prunus paracerasus ,koehne4 ,fedde ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #g3acc4 #aiji4 ,japan4 7,horticultural7 #dd4 ,prunus serrulata ,lindley4 ,trans4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,london #g3ach4 #ahcj4 ,prunus cerasus flore simplici ,thunberg4 ,fl4 ,jap4 #bja4 #aghd4 ,prunus donarium ,siebold4 ,verh4 ,batav4 ,genoot4 #ab3 ,no4 #a4 #fh 7,syn4 ,pl4 ,oecon47 #ahbg4 ,prunus jamasakura ,siebold4 l4 c4 #ahbg4 ,cerasus serrulata ,g4 ,don4 ,loudon ,hort4 ,brit4 #dhj4 #ahcj4 ,prunus puddum ,miquel4 ,ann4 ,mus4 ,lugd4-,bat4 #b3ij1 7in part1 not ,wallich7 #ahfe4 ,prunus pseudocerasus jamasakura glabra ,makino4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bb3ic4 #ahji4 ,prunus pseudocerasus jamasakura prcox ,makino4 l4 c4 #ih4 #aijh4 ,prunus pseudocerasus jamasakura glabra prcox ,makino4 l4 c4 #aac4 ,prunus pseudocerasus serrulata glabra ,makino4 l4 c4 #aja4 ,prunus pseudocerasus spontanea hortensis ,koidzumi4 l4 c4 #bc3ahc4 #aiji4 ,prunus cerasus flore pleno ,thunberg4 ,fl4 ,jap4 #bja4 #aghd4 ,prunus serrulata ,lindley4 cf4 supra4 ,cerasus serrulata ,g4 ,don4 ,loudon ,arb4 ,brit4 #b3gja1 fig4 #djg4 #ahcc4 ,cerasus pseudocerasus ,lavalle4 ,icon4 ,arb4 ,segrez4 #aai1 t4 #cf4 #ahhe1 7ubi citatur3 ,cerasus maeda h474 ,prunus pseudocerasus serrulata glabra fugenzo ,makino4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bb3gc4 #aijh4 ,prunus serrulata serrulata fugenzo rosea ,makino4 l4 c4 #bc3gd4 #aiji4 ,prunus jamasakura elegans glabra ,koidzumi4 l4 c4 #be3ahe4 #aiaa4 ,prunus jamasakura speciosa ,koidzumi4 l4 c4 #ahf4 ,japan1 ,korea4 ,prunus serrulata albida 7,makino7 ,koehne4 ,prunus pseudocerasus hortensis flore simplici albo ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #bi3ajb4 ,prunus pseudocerasus ,stapf4 ,bot4 ,mag4 #aca3 t4 #hjab4 #aije4 ,prunus pseudocerasus serrulata sieboldii albida ,makino4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bb3ajb4 #aijh4 ,prunus serrulata serrulata albida ,makino4 l4 c4 #bc3gd4 #aiji4 ,prunus serrulata yashino ,koehne4 ,mitt4 ,deutsch4 ,dendr4 ,ges4 #ah3afg4 #aiji4 ,prunus pseudocerasus yoshino ,koehne4 7,horticultural7 ,prunus serrulata lannesiana 7,carrire7 ,koehne4 ,mitt4 ,deutsch4 ,dendr4 ,ges4 #ah3afg4 #aiji4 ,cerasus lannesiana ,carrire4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #aih4 #ahgb4 ,prunus pseudocerasus hortensis flore simplici carneo ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #bi3ajb4 ,prunus serrulata serrulata lannesiana ,makino4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bc3gd4 #aiji4 ,prunus jamasakura speciosa nobilis ,koidzumi4 l4 c4 #be3ahg4 #aiaa4 ,prunus serrulata kriegeri ,koehne4 ,gartenfl4 #eb3b 7nomen nudum7 #aijb4 ,cerasus pendula kriegeri ,f4 ,spth ex ,koehne4 ,prunus serrulata grandiflora ,a4 ,wagner4 ,gartenfl4 #eb3afi1 t4 #aeac;a4 #aijc4 ,prunus pseudocerasus hortensis flore pleno viridi ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #bi3ajb4 ,prunus pseudocerasus serrulata glabra viridiflora ,makino4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bb3ajb #aijh4 ,prunus serrulata serrulata viridiflora ,makino4 l4 c4 #bc3gd4 #aiji4 ,cerasus donarium ,siebold4 ,rijks-,herbarium1 ,leyden4 ,prunus pseudocerasus ukon ,koehne4 7,horticultural7 ,prunus serrulata ochichima ,koehne4 ,mitt4 ,deutsch4 ,dendr4 ,ges4 #ah3afi4 #aiji4 ,prunus serrulata serrulata fugenzo1 #b4 alborosea ,makino4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bc3gd4 #aiji4 ,prunus pseudocerasus ochichima ,koehne4 7,horticultural7 ,prunus pseudocerasus shirofugen ,koehne4 7,horticultural7 ,prunus serrulata hisakura ,koehne4 ,gartenfl4 #ea3b1 t4 #adid b4 #aijb4 ,cerasus caproniana flore roseo pleno ,van ,houtte4 ,fl4 des4 ,serres #ba3ada1 t4 #bbch4 #ahge4 ,cerasus serratifolia rosea ,carrire4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #hhi1 t4 fig4 ,b4 #ahgg4 ,prunus pseudocerasus hortensis flore semipleno roseo ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #aa3fii4 #ahhc4 ,prunus pseudocerasus hisakura ,koehne4 7,horticultural7 ,prunus pseudocerasus benifugen ,koehne4 7,horticultural7 ,prunus pseudocerasus ,new ,red4 ,koehne4 7,horticultural7 ,prunus serrulata ,w4 ,kou4 ,koehne4 7,horticultural7 ,prunus jamasakura speciosa nobilis donarium ,koidzumi4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #be3ahg4 #aiaa4 ,prunus serrulata veitchiana ,koehne4 ,fedde ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #i3abb4 #aiaa4 ,cerasus pseudocerasus ,james ,veitch4 ,gartenfl4 #ea3dig4 #aijb4 7,horticultural7 ,prunus serrulata mucronata ,koehne4 ,mitt4 ,deutsch4 ,dendr4 ,ges4 #ah3agj4 #aiji4 ,prunus pseudocerasus hortensis flore pulcherrimo pleno candido ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #bi3ajb4 ,prunus cerasus flore roseo pleno ,koehne4 7,horticultural7 ,prunus serrulata flore pleno ,koehne4 7,horticultural7 ,prunus serrulata shidare-sakura ,koehne4 ,mitt4 ,deutsch4 ,dendr4 ,ges4 #ah3agj4 #aiji4 ,prunus pseudocerasus hortensis flore carneo suffuso ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #bi3ajb4 ,prunus pseudocerasus shidare-sakura ,koehne4 7,horticultural7 #dd #hh8 ,prunus affinis ,makino4 ,prunus pseudocerasus jamasakura n incisa8 ,makino4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bb3ii4 #aijh4 ,japan4 #de4 ,prunus sargentii ,rehder4 ,mitt4 ,deutsch4 ,dendr4 ,ges4 #ag3aei4 #aijh4 ,prunus puddum ,miquel4 ,ann4 ,mus4 ,lugd4-,bat4 #b3ij 7in part1 not ,wallich7 #ahfe4 ,prunus pseudocerasus sachalinensis ,f4 ,schmidt4 ,mm4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg sr4 #g1 #ab3 ,no4 #b4 #abd4 ,prunus pseudocerasus spontanea ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #bi3ajb4 ,prunus mume crasseglandulosa ,miquel4 ,rijks-,herbarium1 ,leyden4 ,prunus pseudocerasus ,sargent4 ,garden and ,forest #aj3dfb1 fig4 #eh 7not ,lindley7 #ahig4 ,prunus ,sp4 ,zabel4 ,beissner1 ,schelle ,zabel ,handb4 ,laubholz-,ben4 #bda4 #aijc4 ,prunus pseudocerasus borealis ,makino4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bb3ii4 #aijh4 ,prunus serrulata borealis ,makino4 l4 c4 #bc3ge4 #aiji4 ,prunus pseudocerasus spontanea ,koidzumi4 l4 c4 #ahb4 ,prunus jamasakura elegans compta ,koidzumi4 l4 c4 #be3ahf4 #aiaa4 ,prunus jamasakura borealis ,koidzumi4 l4 c4 #ahg4 ,korea1 ,saghalin1 ,japan4 #df4 ,prunus tenuiflora ,koehne4 ,plant ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bji4 #aiab4 ,western ,hupeh4 #dg4 ,prunus wildeniana ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bdi4 ,hupeh4 #dh4 ,prunus leveilleana ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bej4 ,korea4 #di4 ,prunus sontagi ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bej4 ,korea4 #ej4 ,prunus mesadenia ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bej4 ,nippon4 #ea4 ,prunus parvifolia 7,matsumura7 ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bea4 ,prunus pseudocerasus parvifolia ,matsumura4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #ae3aja4 #aija4 ,prunus pseudocerasus typica parvifolia ,koidzumi4 l4 c4 #bc3ahb4 #aiji4 ,prunus jamasakura elegans parvifolia ,koidzumi4 l4 c4 #be3ahf4 #aiaa4 ,japan4 ,prunus parvifolia aomoriensis ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bea4 #aiab4 ,northern ,nippon4 #eb4 ,prunus concinna ,koehne4 l4 c4 #baj4 ,western ,hupeh4 #ec4 ,prunus twymaniana ,koehne4 l4 c4 #baa4 ,western ,szechuan4 ,subsect4 #i4 ,,conradinia ,koehne4 #ed4 ,prunus conradin ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3baa4 #aiab4 ,western ,hupeh4 #ee4 ,prunus helen ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bab4 ,western ,hupeh4 #ef4 ,prunus saltuum ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bac4 ,western ,hupeh4 #eg4 ,prunus pauciflora ,bunge4 ,mm4 tr4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #b3ig 7,enum4 ,pl4 ,chin4 ,bor47 #ahce4 ,chili4 #eh4 ,prunus sprengeri ,pampanini4 ,nuov4 ,giorn4 ,bot4 ,ital4 #ah3bcj4 #aiaa4 ,hupeh4 #ei4 ,prunus yedoensis ,matsumura4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #ae3ajj4 #aija4 ,cultivated in the gardens of ,tokyo4 ,subsect4 #aj4 ,,serrula ,koehne4 #fj4 ,prunus majestica ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3beb4 #aiab4 ,prunus puddum ,franchet4 ,pl4 ,delavay4 #aig 7not ,roxburgh following ,brandis7 #ahhi4 ,prunus cerasoides tibetica ,schneider4 ,fedde ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3ed 7in part7 #aije4 ,yunnan4 #fa4 ,prunus serrula ,franchet4 ,pl4 ,delavay4 #aif4 #ahhi4 ,yunnan4 ,prunus serrula tibetica 7,batalin7 ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bac4 #aiab4 ,western ,szechuan4 ,subsect4 #aa4 ,,puddum ,koehne4 #fb4 ,prunus campanulata ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #bi4 #ajc4 ,prunus cerasoides ,koidzumi4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bc3aha 7in part1 not ,d4 ,don7 #aiji4 ,fokien4 ,cultivated in ,japan4 #fc4 ,prunus hosseusii ,diels4 ,fedde ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #d3bhi4 #aijg4 ,siam4 #fd4 ,prunus cerasoides ,d4 ,don4 ,prodr4 ,fl4 ,nepal4 #bci4 #ahbe4 ,prunus silvatica ,roxburgh4 ,hort4 ,beng4 #ib4 #ahad4 ,cerasus phoshia ,hamilton4 ,de ,candolle ,prodr4 #b3ece4 #ahbe4 ,cerasus puddum ,seringe4 ,de ,candolle ,prodr4 #b3ecg4 #ahbe4 ,prunus puddum ,roxburgh4 ,forest ,fl4 ,brit4 ,ind4 #aid4 #ahgd4 ,nepal4 #fe4 ,prunus rufa ,steudel4 ,nomencl4 ,bot4 #b3djd4 #ahda4 ,cerasus rufa ,wallich4 ,cat4 ,no4 #gba4 #ahbi4 ,eastern ,himalaya4 #ff4 ,prunus trichantha ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bed4 #aiab4 ,prunus rufa ,hooker4 ,fl4 ,brit4 ,ind4 #b3cad 7in part7 #ahgh4 ,eastern ,himalaya4 ,subsect4 #ab4 ,,microcalymma ,koehne4 #fg4 ,prunus herincquiana ,lavalle4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bad4 #aiab4 ,western ,hupeh4 ,prunus herincquiana biloba 7,franchet7 ,koehne4 ,western ,hupeh4 ,prunus biloba ,franchet in ,herb4 ,paris4 ,china4 #fh4 ,prunus subhirtella ,miquel4 ,ann4 ,mus4 ,lugd4-,bat4 #b3ia4 #ahfe4 ,prunus subhirtella oblongifolia ,miquel4 l4 c4 ,prunus incisa ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,sci4 ,acad4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #bi3ii4 ,prunus pendula ascendens ,makino4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #g3ajc4 #ahic8 ,prunus herincquiana ascendens ,schneider4 ,ill4 ,handb4 ,laubholzk4 #a3fjh4 #aijf4 ,prunus itosakra subhirtella ,koidzumi4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bc3ahj4 #aijh4 ,japan4 ,prunus subhirtella fukubana ,makino4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bb3aah4 #aijh4 ,prunus itosakra ascendens amabilis ,koidzumi4 l4 c4 #bc3aha4 #aiji8 #fi4 ,prunus pendula ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #bi3ih4 ,prunus itosakura ,siebold4 ,verh4 ,batav4 ,genoot4 #ab3 ,no4 #a4 #fh4 #ahcj4 ,cerasus pendula flore roseo ,siebold4 ,cat4 #e3ca4 #ahfc1 ,maximowicz4 ,cerasus pendula rosea ,dombrain4 ,floral ,mag4 #aj4 t4 #ecf4 #ahga4 ,prunus subhirtella pendula ,tanaka4 ,useful ,pl4 ,jap4 #aec1 fig4 #fbj4 #ahie4 ,cerasus itosakura ,siebold4 ,herb41 ,maximowicz4 l4 c4 ,cerasus herincquiana ,lavalle4 ,icon4 ,arb4 ,segrez1 #aag4 #ahhe4 ,prunus miqueliana ,schneider4 ,ill4 ,handb4 ,laubholzk1 #a3fji 7not ,maximowicz7 #aijf4 ,prunus herincquiana ,schneider4 l4 c4 #fjh4 ,cerasus pendula ,siebold in herb41 ,koehne4 l4 c4 ,prunus cerasus pendula flore roseo ,koehne4 l4 c4 7,horticultural7 ,prunus itosakra pendula ,koidzumi4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bc3ahj4 #aiji4 ,japan4 #gj4 ,prunus taiwaniana ,hayata4 ,jour4 ,coll4 ,sci4 ,tokyo #cj3hg4 #aiaa4 ,formosa4 #ga4 ,prunus microlepis ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bef4 #aiab4 ,hondo4 ,prunus microlepis ternata ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bef4 ,hondo4 ,subsect4 #ac4 ,,ceraseidos 7,siebold ,zuccarini7 ,koehne4 ,ceraseidos ,siebold ,zuccarini4 ,abh4 ,akad4 ,mnch4 #c3gdc t4 #e4 #ahdc4 ,ser4 #a4 ,,phyllopodium4 #gb4 ,prunus setulosa ,batalin4 ,act4 ,hort4 ,petrop4 #ab3afe4 #ahib4 ,eastern ,kansu4 #gc4 ,prunus phyllopoda ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3beg4 #aiab4 ,northern ,shensi4 #gd4 ,prunus canescens ,bois4 l4 c4 #bae4 ,western ,hupeh4 #ge4 ,prunus veitchii ,koehne4 l4 c44#beg4 ,western ,hupeh4 ,ser4 #b4 ,,droserina4 #gf4 ,prunus giraldiana ,schneider4 ,fedde ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3fe4 #aije4 ,northern ,shensi4 #gg4 ,prunus droseracea ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bae4 #aiab4 ,western ,szechuan4 ,ser4 #c4 ,,oxyodon4 #gh4 ,prunus trichostoma ,koehne4 l4 c4 #baf4 ,western ,szechuan4 #gi4 ,prunus latidentata ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bag4 ,western ,szechuan4 #hj4 ,prunus micromeloides ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bah4 ,western ,szechuan4 #ha4 ,prunus oxyodonta ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bah4 ,western ,szechuan4 #hb4 ,prunus glyptocarya ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bai4 ,western ,szechuan4 #hc4 ,prunus podadenia ,koehne4 l4 c4 #beh4 ,western ,china4 #hd4 ,prunus lobulata ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bbj4 ,western ,szechuan4 #he4 ,prunus stipulacea ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #aa3fhi4 #ahhc4 ,kansu4 #hf4 ,prunus pleuroptera ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bba4 #aiab4 ,western ,szechuan4 #hg4 ,prunus zappeyana ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bba4 ,western ,hupeh4 ,prunus zappeyana8 subsimplex ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bbb4 ,western ,hupeh4 #hh4 ,prunus incisa ,thunberg4 ,fl4 ,jap4 #bjb4 #aghd4 ,cerasus incisa ,loiseleur4 ,nouveau ,duhamel #e3cc4 #ahab4 ,ceraseidos apetala ,miquel4 ,ann4 ,mus4 ,lugd4-,bat4 #b3ic #ahfe 7in part74 ,japan4 ,ser4 #d4 ,,euceraseidos4 #hi4 ,prunus caudata ,franchet4 ,pl4 ,delavay4 #aif4 #ahhi4 ,yunnan4 #ij4 ,prunus iwagiensis ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bei4 #aiab4 ,hondo4 #ia4 ,prunus nipponica ,matsumura4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #ae3ii4 #aija4 ,prunus miqueliana ,koidzumi4 l4 c4 #bc3ahd 7not ,maximowicz7 #aiji4 ,prunus ceraseidos ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #bi3ajc4 ,prunus apetala typica ,schneider4 ,ill4 ,handb4 ,laubholzk4 #a3fjh4 #aijf4 ,japan4 #ib4 ,prunus autumnalis ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bei4 #aiab4 ,prunus subhirtella autumnalis ,makino4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bb3aag4 #aijh4 ,hondo4 #ic4 ,prunus kurilensis ,miyabe4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bd3aa4 #aiaj4 ,prunus ceraseidos kurilensis ,miyabe4 ,mem4 ,boston ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hist4 #d3bbf 7,fl4 ,kurile ,isl47 #ahij4 ,prunus incisa kurilensis ,koidzumi4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bc3ahd4 #aiji4 #id4 ,prunus nikkoensis ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfj4 #aiab4 ,japan4 #ie4 ,prunus miqueliana ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #aa3fib 7not ,schneider7 #ahhc4 ,japan4 #if4 ,prunus tschonoskii ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfa4 #aiab4 ,prunus ceraseidos ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #bi3ajc4 ,prunus apetala iwozana ,schneider4 ,ill4 ,handb4 ,laubholzk4 #a3fjh4 #aijf4 ,japan4 #ig4 ,prunus apetala 7,siebold ,zuccarini7 ,franchet ,savatier4 ,enum4 ,pl4 ,jap4 #b3cbi4 #ahgi 7not ,zabel1 cf4 ,p4 maximowiczii1 ,no4 #i74 ,ceraseidos apetala ,siebold ,zuccarini4 ,abh4 ,akad4 ,mnch4 #c3gdc4 t4 #e4 #ahdc4 ,prunus ceraseidos ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #bi3ajc4 ,japan4 ,ser4 #e4 ,,amblyodon4 #ih4 ,prunus gracilifolia ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bbc4 #aiab4 ,western ,hupeh4 #ii4 ,prunus rossiana ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bbc4 ,western ,hupeh4 ,div4 ,,ii4 ,,microcerasus 7,spach1 ,roemer7 ,koehne4 ,cerasus sect4 ,microcerasus ,spach4 ,hist4 ,vg4 #a3dbc4 #ahcd4 ,microcerasus ,webb4 ,phytogr4 ,canar4 #b3ai4 #ahcf-dj4 ,sect4 #a4 ,,spiraeopsis ,koehne4 ,subsect4 #a4 ,,myricocerasus ,koehne4 #ajj4 ,prunus pumila ,linnaeus4 ,mant4 ,pl4 #ge4 #agfg4 ,eastern ,north ,america4 #aja4 ,prunus besseyi ,bailey4 ,bul4 ,cor4 ,ex4 ,sta4 #gj3bfa4 #ahid4 ,eastern ,north ,america4 ,subsect4 #b4 ,,spiraeocerasus ,koehne4 #ajb4 ,prunus dictyoneura ,diels4 ,bot4 ,jahrb4 #cf1 ,beibl4 #hb1 #eg4 #aije4 ,shensi4 #ajc4 ,prunus humilis ,bunge4 ,mm4 tr4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #b3ig 7,enum4 ,pl4 ,chin4 ,bor47 #ahcc4 ,prunus salicina ,lindley4 ,trans4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,lond4 #g3bci4 #ahcj4 ,prunus bungei ,walpers4 ,rep4 #b3i 7not ,moris7 #ahic4 ,china4 #ajd4 ,prunus glandulosa ,thunberg4 ,fl4 ,jap4 #bjb4 #aghd4 ,amygdalus pumila ,linnaeus4 ,mant4 #a3gd4 #agfg4 ,cerasus glandulosa ,loiseleur4 ,nouv4 ,duhamel #e3cc4 #ahbe4 ,prunus glandulosa glabra ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfc4 #aiab4 ,prunus japonica glandulosa ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,mosc4 #ed3ac4 #ahgi4 ,japan4 ,prunus glandulosa glabra alba ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfc4 #aiab4 ,prunus japonica ,lindley4 ,bot4 ,reg4 #h3t4 #ahja4 #ahce4 ,prunus glandulosa glabra rosea ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfc4 #aiab4 ,prunus japonica typica flore roseo ,maximowicz1 in sched4 ,prunus japonica flor4 simp4 ,tanaka4 ,useful ,pl4 ,jap4 #aec1 fig4 #fba4 #ahie4 ,prunus japonica glandulosa ,matsumura4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #ad3acf4 #aijj4 ,japan4 ,prunus glandulosa glabra albiplena ,koehne4 ,plant ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfd4 #aiab4 ,cerasus japonica multiplex ,seringe4 ,de ,candolle ,prodr4 #b3eci 7in part7 #ahbe4 ,prunus japonica flore pleno ,siebold ,zuccarini4 ,fl4 ,jap4 #a3agb t4 #ij f4 #aaa4 7in part7 #ahbf4 ,prunus japonica ,oudemans4 ,neerlands ,plantentuin t4 #b4 #ahfe4 ,prunus japonica flore albo pleno ,lemaire4 ,ill4 ,hort4 #e3 t4 #ahc4 #aheh4 ,prunus japonica ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,mosc4 #ed4 #ad 7in part7 #ahgi4 ,prunus japonica multiplex ,makino4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #bb3gb 7in part7 #aijh4 ,japan4 ,prunus glandulosa purdomii ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfd4 #aiab4 ,northern ,china4 ,prunus glandulosa trichostyla ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bbd4 ,prunus glandulosa trichostyla faberi ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bbd4 ,prunus japonica ,j4 ,hutchinson4 ,bot4 ,mag4 #ace3 t4 #hbfj 7not ,thunberg7 #aiji4 ,shantung4 ,prunus glandulosa trichostyla paokangensis 7,schneider7 ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfd4 #aiab4 ,prunus japonica packangensis ,schneider4 ,fedde ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3ec4 #aije4 ,western ,hupeh4 ,prunus glandulosa trichostyla sinensis 7,persoon7 ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfe4 #aiab4 ,amygdalus indica nana ,plukenett4 ,phytogr4 #a3 t4 #aa4 f4 #d 7#afia1 new edit4 #agfi74 ,prunus sinensis ,persoon4 ,syn4 #b3cf4 #ahjg4 ,cerasus japonica ,seringe4 ,de ,candolle ,prodr4 #b3eci 7in part7 #ahbe4 ,prunus japonica flore pleno ,siebold ,zuccarini4 ,fl4 ,jap4 #a3agb t4 #ij f4 #aaa4 7in part7 #ahbf4 ,prunus japonica ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,mosc4 #ed3ad 7in part7 #ahhc4 ,northern ,shensi4 ,prunus glandulosa salicifoli 7,komarov7 ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfe4 #aiab4 ,prunus japonica salicifolia ,komarov4 ,act4 ,hort4 ,petrop4 #bb3ged4 #aijd4 ,shing-king4 #aje4 ,prunus pogonostyla ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,mosc4 #ed3aa4 #ahgi4 ,prunus formosana ,matsumura4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #ae3hf4 #aija4 ,prunus pogonostyla globosa ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfe4 #aiab4 ,formosa4 ,prunus pogonostyla obovata ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bfe4 ,formosa4 #ajf4 ,prunus japonica ,thunberg4 ,fl4 ,jap4 #bja4 #aghd4 ,prunus japonica japonica ,maximowicz4 ,bul4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,mosc4 #ed3ab4 #ahgi4 ,prunus japonica typica ,matsumura4 ,tokyo ,bot4 ,mag4 #ad3ace4 #aijj4 ,prunus japonica eujaponica ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bff4 #aiab4 ,prunus japonica eujaponica fauriei ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bff4 ,japan4 ,prunus japonica eujaponica oldhamii ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bff4 ,hupeh4 ,prunus japonica gracillima ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bff4 ,prunus japonica gracillima thunbergii ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bff4 ,prunus japonica thunbergii ,koehne4 ,fedde ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #h3bc4 #aiaj4 ,cultivated in the ,spth ,arboretum near ,berlin1 received from ,st4 ,petersburg4 ,prunus japonica gracillima engleri ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bff4 #aiab4 ,prunus japonica engleri ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bff4 ,manchuria4 ,prunus japonica gracillima minor ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bfg4 ,cultivated in the ,spth ,arboretum1 ,berlin4 ,prunus japonica gracillima sphaerica 7,carrire7 ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bfg4 ,prunus japonica sphaerica ,carrire4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dfh1 fig4 #afc4 #ahij4 ,prunus japonica kerii 7,steudel7 ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfg4 #aiab4 ,prunus japonica ,ker-,gawler4 ,bot4 ,reg4 #a3 t4 #bg4 #ahae4 ,amygdalus pumila ,sims4 ,bot4 ,mag4 #dg3 t4 #bagf4 #ahbj4 ,prunus kerii ,steudel4 ,nomencl4 ,bot4 ed4 #b1 #djc4 #ahda1 which cites ,cerasus japonica ,ker-,gawler4 ,prunus japonica typica flore pleno ,zabel4 ,beissner1 ,schelle ,zabel ,handb4 ,laubholz-,ben4 #bch4 #aijc4 ,chekiang4 ,cultivated in ,england4 8 ,prunus praecox ,carrire4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dhh1 fig4 #adb1 #adc4 #ahib4 ,originated from sowings of ,prunus japonica sphaerica and supposed to be ,prunus japonica domestica4 #ajg4 ,prunus nakaii ,lveill4 ,fedde ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #g3aih4 #aiji4 ,korea4 #ajh4 ,prunus carcharias ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfg4 #aiab4 ,szechuan4 ,sect4 #b4 ,,amygdalocerasus ,koehne4 ,cerasus sect4 ,microcerasus ,spach4 ,microcerasus ,webb4 ,phytogr4 ,canar4 #b3ai 7#ahcf-ej72 ,schneider ,ill4 ,handb4 ,laubholzk4 #a3fja4 #aijf4 ,prunus subgen4 ,microcerasus ,focke4 ,engler ,prantl ,natrl4 ,pflanzenfam4 #c3c1 #ed4 #ahhh4 ,prunus sect4 ,trichocerasus et subgen4 ,microcerasus ,koehne4 ,deutsche ,dendr4 #cjb1 #cjf4 #ahic4 #aji4 ,prunus tomentosa ,thunberg4 ,fl4 ,jap4 #bjc4 #aghd4--,siebold ,zuccarini ,fl4 ,jap4 #a3ea1 t4 #bb4 #ahbf4 ,japan1 western and northern ,china4 ,prunus tomentosa spaethiana ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bfi4 #aiab4 ,cultivated in ,european gardens4 ,prunus tomentosa graebneriana ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bfi4 ,cultivated near the ,botanic ,garden1 ,berlin-,dahlem4 ,prunus tomentosa insularis ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bfi4 ,japan4 ,cultivated in ,japan4 ,prunus tomentosa souliei ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bfi4 ,szechuan4 ,prunus tomentosa kashkarovii ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bfi4 ,tibet4 ,prunus tomentosa endotricha ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bbe4 ,western ,hupeh4 ,prunus tomentosa breviflora ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bgj4 ,northern ,shensi4 ,prunus tomentosa trichocarpa 7,bunge7 ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bgj4 #aiab4 ,prunus trichocarpa ,bunge4 ,mm4 tr4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,st4 ,ptersburg #b3if 7,enum4 ,pl4 ,chin4 ,bor47 #ahcc4 ,northern ,china4 ,prunus tomentosa tsuluensis ,koehne4 ,plant4 ,wils4 ,pt4 #b3bgj4 #aiab4 ,northern ,shensi4 ,prunus tomentosa heteromera ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bgj4 ,szechuan4 #aaj4 ,prunus batalinii 7,schneider7 ,koehne4 l4 c4 #bgj4 ,prunus tomentosa1 787 ,batalinii ,schneider4 ,fedde ,rep4 ,nov4 ,sp4 #a3eb4 #aije4 ,szechuan4 #aaa4 ,prunus cinerascens ,franchet4 ,nouv4 ,arch4 ,mus4 ,paris4 sr4 #b1 #h3baf 7,pl4 ,david4 ,,ii4 #cd7 #ahhe4 ,western ,szechuan4 #aab4 ,prunus jacquemontii 7,edgeworth7 ,hooke4 ,fl4 ,brit4 ,ind4 #b3cad4 #ahgh4 ,afghanistan1 ,northwestern ,himalaya1 ,tibet4 #aac4 ,prunus incana 7,pallas7 ,steven4 ,mm4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,mosc4 #c3bfc4 #ahab4 ,armenia1 ,georgia1 ,himalaya8 ,cf4 ,cerasus hippophaeoides ,bornmller4 ,oester4 ,bot4 ,zeit4 #di3ae4 #ahii4 ,cappadocia4 #aad4 ,prunus griffithii 7,boissier7 ,schneider4 ,ill4 ,handb4 ,laubholzk4 #a3fjf4 #aijf4 ,afghanistan4 #aae4 ,prunus prostrata ,labillardire4 ,icon4 ,pl4 ,syr4 #a3ae1 t4 #f4 #agia4 ,southern ,europe1 ,crete1 ,algier1 ,western ,asia to ,persia and ,syria4 ,cf4 ,prunus bifrons ,fritsch4 ,sitz4 ,akad4 ,wien #aja3 pt4 #a4 #fcf1 t4 #c1 fig4 #a4 #ahib4 ,himalaya8 #aaf4 ,prunus brachypetala 7,boissier7 ,walpers4 ,ann4 #a3bgb4 #ahdh-di4 ,southern ,persia4 #aag4 ,prunus microcarpa ,c4 ,a4 ,meyer4 ,verz4 ,pfl4 ,caucas4 ,casp4 #aff4 #ahca4 ,caucasia1 ,northern ,persia4 ,cf4 ,cerasus tortuosa ,boissier ,haussknecht4 ,boissier ,fl4 ,or4 #b3fdg4 #ahgb4 ,antilibanon1 ,cappadocia1 ,kurdistan4 #aah4 ,prunus verrucosa ,franchet4 ,ann4 ,sci4 ,nat4 sr4 #f1 #af3bhj4 #ahhc4 ,turkestan4 ,cf4 ,prunus calycosus ,aitchison ,hemsley4 ,trans4 ,linn4 ,soc4 #c3fa1 t4 #h4 #ahhh4 ,afghanistan4 #aai4 ,prunus diffusa 7,boissier ,haussknecht7 ,schneider4 ,ill4 ,handb4 ,laubholzk4 #a3fjf4 #aijf4 ,southwestern ,persia4 ,the geographical distribution of these cherries is most interesting4#e ,from ,north ,america come but five species of cherries but two of which1 ,prunus besseyi and ,prunus pumila1 furnish food and these two as yet are but sparingly grown2 all five1 however1 are more or less used as stocks4 ,greene#f has described1 in addition to the five accepted ones1 eleven new species of true cherries from the far west of the type of ,prunus emarginata1 some of which at least have furnished food to the ,indians1 miners and trappers and may have horticultural possibilities for the desert regions in which they are found either for fruit or as stocks4 ,from the western portion of the ,old ,world1 including all of ,europe1 northern ,africa1 ,asia ,minor1 ,persia1 ,turkestan and ,afghanistan come #ad species4 ,from this region1 though the number of species as compared with ,east ,asia is small1 we have all of the cultivated esculent cherries1 if possibly ,prunus tomentosa be excepted4 ,though nearly all of the species of this large territory are found--possibly all originated there--in the southeastern part of ,europe and the adjoining southwestern part of ,asia1 yet they seem1 with one or two exceptions1 to be quite distinct from the species of the eastern half of the ,old ,world--the ,himalaya ,mountains separating the two regions4 ,it is probable that when west central ,asia has been as well explored botanically as the east central part of the continent1 many new species will be added to ,prunus and its sub-genus ,cerasus4 ,it is in the eastern half of the ,old ,world that the cherry flora is richest4 ,more than #ajj of the #aai species of ,cerasus recognized by ,koehne are found in the ,himalaya ,mountains and the region to the east including ,japan and the ,kuril ,islands4 ,yet out of all of this wealth of raw material only ,prunus tomentosa has been truly domesticated as an esculent though possibly a score of these species are well-known ornamentals4 ,of the #ajj eastern ,asiatic species about #ge belong to ,china--the remainder to ,formosa1 ,siam and ,japan with its islands4 ,happily these ,chinese cherries are being introduced1 but a few at a time1 it is true1 to ,europe and ,america and it can hardly be otherwise than that they will enrich horticulture as they are domesticated1 hybridized or used as a consort upon which to grow the cherries now known to cultivation4 ,in particular1 it may be expected that cherries for the cold north and the bleak plains of our continent will be evolved from the ,asiatic species better suited to these regions than the cultivated cherries we now grow4 ,the number and diversity of the species of cherries which this brief review of ,cerasus shows to exist suggest that our cultivated cherry flora is but begun4 ,there can be no question but that others of these species than the few that have been domesticated will yield to improvement under cultivation and furnish refreshing fruits4 ,it is just as certain that new types1 as valuable perhaps as the hybrid ,dukes we now have1 can be produced through hybridization4 ,in ,north ,america1 we have no satisfactory stock for cultivated ,sweet and ,sour ,cherries4 ,both of the stocks now commonly used1 the ,mazzard and the ,mahaleb1 as we shall see1 have weaknesses that unfit them for general use4 ,surely out of the great number of forms we have just listed a better stock than either of the two named can be found4 ,no doubt1 too1 many of these new species1 even though they do not furnish food1 will prove valuable timber or ornamental trees4 ,we are ready now for a more detailed discussion of the cultivated species of cherries4 #c ,the leaves are conduplicate in vernation in a few species of ,american plums2 these species are intermediate between plums and cherries4 #d ,the species are given as classified by ,koehne1 ,plantae ,wilsonianae ,pt4 #b3bcg-bga4 #aiab4 ,the liberty has been taken of changing the form of ,koehne's citations to conform to that used at this ,station4 ,for the sake of brevity some of the citations of the original author have been omitted4 ,space does not permit the publication of ,koehne's system of classification4 ,this may be found in ,plantae ,wilsonianae ,pt4 #b3bbf-bcg4 #aiab4 ,conservative botanists will hardly accept all of ,koehne's species1 in describing which the author tells us he labored under the difficulty of paucity of material and that as more material comes to hand there must1 therefore1 be revisions4 ,these species are provisionally accepted in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york under the belief that botany and horticulture are best served by giving names freely so that all forms to which reference may need to be made may thus be better identified4 ,the botanical student of ,cerasus is referred to ,schneider's comprehensive discussion of ,prunus in his ,handbuch der ,laubholzkunde #a3ehi-fcg4 #aijf and #b3igc-iic2 also ,koehne's monographs of ,cerasus1 ,sargent1 ,c4 ,s41 ,plantae ,wilsonianae ,pt4 #b3aig-bga4 #aiab4 ,profitable though it might be1 space does not permit in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york a botanical discussion of other than the species cultivated for their fruits4 #e ,koehne has presented the results of a careful study of the distribution of cherries in ,mitt4 ,deutsch4 ,dendr4 ,ges4 #afh-ahc4 #aiab4 #f ,greene 7,proc4 ,biol4 ,soc4 ,wash4 #ah3ee-fj4 #aije71 preferring ,cerasus to ,prunus as a generic name for racemose cherries1 gives the following new species3 ,cerasus californica 7,fl4 ,francis4 #ej4 #ahia7 from the hills of middle western ,california2 ,cerasus crenulata from the ,mongolian ,mountains1 ,new ,mexico2 ,cerasus arida inhabiting the borders of the desert at the eastern base of the ,san ,bernardino ,mountain1 ,california2 ,cerasus prunifolia found in the mountains of ,fresno ,county1 ,california2 ,cerasus rhamnoides collected at ,mud ,springs1 ,amador ,county1 ,california2 ,cerasus kelloggiana from the middle ,sierra ,nevada ,mountains in ,california2 ,cerasus padifolia collected in the foothills near ,carson ,city1 ,nevada2 ,cerasus obliqua described from a single specimen from ,oroville1 ,california2 ,cerasus parviflora known only from ,mt4 ,shasta1 ,california2 ,cerasus obtusa from the arid interior of southeastern ,oregon2 and ,cerasus trichopetala found at ,columbia ,falls1 ,montana4 ,the type specimens of these eleven species are in the ,national ,herbarium at ,washington4 ,,prunus ,,cerasus ,linnaeus4 ,i4 ,linnaeus ,spec4 ,pl4 #dgd4 #agec4 ,p4 austera4 #b4 ,ehrhart ,beitr4 #e3afj4 #agij4 ,p4 acida4 #c4 ,ehrhart l4 c4 #agij4 ,p4 aestiva4 #d4 ,salisbury ,prodr4 #cef4 #agif4 ,p4 plena4 #e4 ,poiret1 in ,lamarck ,enc4 ,mth4 ,bot4 #e3fga4 #ahjd4 ,p4 rosea4 #f4 ,poiret1 in ,lamarck l4 c4 #ahjd4 ,p4 ,juliana4 #g4 ,reichenbach ,fl4 ,germ4 ,exc4 #fdc4 #ahcb1 not ,poiret in ,lamarck1 #ahje4 ,p4 hortensis4 #h4 ,persoon ,syn4 ,pl4 #b3cd4 #ahjg4 ,p4 ,marasca4 #i4 ,reichenbach ,fl4 ,germ4 ,exc4 #fdd4 #ahcb4 ,p4 oxycarpa4 #aj4 ,bechstein ,forst4 ,bot4 #e3dbd4 #ahdc4 ,p4 vulgaris4 #aa4 ,schur ,enum4 ,pl4 ,transsilv4 #ied4 #ahff4 ,cerasus vulgaris4 #ab4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 ed4 #h3,no4 #a4 #agfh4 ,c4 hortenses4 #ac4 ,miller l4 c4 ,no4 #c4 #agfh4 ,c4 acida4 #ad4 ,borkhausen1 in ,roemer ,arch4 ,bot4 #a3aa1 #ch4 #agif4 ,c4 austera4 #ae4 ,borkhausen1 in ,roemer l4 c4 #agif4 ,c4 ,caproniana4 #af4 ,de ,candolle ,fl4 ,fran4 ed4 #c1 #d3hdb4 #ahje4 ,c4 nicotianaefolia4 #ag4 ,hort4 ex ,de ,candolle ,prodr4 #b3ecf4 #ahbe4 ,c4 bigarella4 #ah4 ,dumortier ,fl4 ,belg4 #ia4 #ahbg4 ,c4 effusa4 #ai4 ,host ,fl4 ,austr4 #b3f4 #ahca4 ,c4 ,marasca4 #bj4 ,host l4 c4 #ahca4 ,c4 ,bungei4 #ba4 ,walpers ,rep4 #b3i4 #ahdc4 ,c4 ,heaumiana4 #bb4 ,roemer ,syn4 ,rosifl4 #fi4 #ahdg4 ,c4 tridentina4 #bc4 ,roemer l4 c4 #gf4 #ahdg4 ,c4 ,rhexii4 #bd4 ,hort4 ,gall4 ex ,van ,houtte ,fl4 ,serres1 sr4 #b1 #g3aei4 #ahfh4 ,c4 cucullata4 #be4 ,hort4 ex ,koch ,dendrol4 #a3f4 #ahfi4 ,illustration3 ,,prunus ,,cerasus 7,,amarelle ,,group7 ,tree low1 reaching a height of twenty to thirty feet1 diffuse1 open-headed1 round-topped or spreading1 often without a central leader2 trunk at maturity a foot in diameter2 bark reddish-brown overlaid with ashy-gray1 smooth or sometimes roughened2 branches spreading1 slender and more or less drooping2 branchlets slender and willowy1 glabrous1 reddish-brown becoming darker and overspread with ashy-gray2 lenticels small1 numerous1 conspicuous1 raised4 ,leaves resinous at opening1 more or less erect1 very numerous1 three to four inches long and from one-half to two inches wide1 obovate to oval1 folded upward1 thick and firm in texture2 upper surface dark green1 smooth1 the lower surface paler green1 with more or less pubescence2 apex taper-pointed or acute1 base abrupt or acute2 margins finely serrate1 often doubly so1 teeth tipped with small1 dark glands2 petioles from a half-inch to two inches long1 slender1 grooved1 with a few hairs on the upper surface1 tinged with red2 glands from one to four1 usually small1 variously colored1 globose or reniform1 usually at the base of the blade2 stipules small1 lanceolate1 narrow1 finely serrate1 early caducous4 ,winter-buds small1 short1 obtuse or pointed1 plump and free1 arranged singly or in clusters2 leaf-scars usually prominent2 flowers appearing with or after the leaves1 showy1 an inch across1 white2 borne in dense or scattered1 very scaly clusters and in twos1 threes and fours on one-year-old wood2 pedicels from a half to an inch and a half in length1 slender1 green and glabrous2 calyx-tube obconic1 glabrous1 green or tinged with red2 calyx-lobes broadly obtuse or acute1 glabrous on both surfaces1 reflexed1 margin serrate1 faintly red2 petals white1 roundish or oval to obovate1 entire or crenate1 sessile or nearly so2 stamens about thirty1 filaments one-fourth of an inch in length2 anthers yellow2 pistils about as long as the stamens1 glabrous4 ,fruit roundish-oblate or cordate1 sides slightly compressed1 about three-fourths of an inch in diameter2 suture lacking or indistinct2 cavity well marked1 usually abrupt2 apex usually depressed2 color from light to dark red2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 more or less conspicuous2 stem slender1 from a half-inch to two inches in length1 glabrous1 without bloom2 skin usually separating readily from the pulp2 flesh dark red1 with dark colored juice or pale yellow with colorless juice1 tender1 melting1 sprightly1 more or less acidulous1 sometimes astringent2 stone free or more or less clinging1 roundish1 pointed or blunt1 smooth1 less than a half inch in diameter2 ventral suture usually ridged1 sometimes smooth4 ,the numerous synonyms of ,prunus cerasus indicate the state of confusion which prevails in the scientific nomenclature of the ,sour ,cherry4 ,yet the names given are scarcely a tithe of those that have been discarded or superseded for a whole or a part of this species by botanists4 ,happily1 there is no language in which there is a possibility of confusing the ,sour ,cherry with the other two or three species of cultivated cherries if the common names be used4 ,that men1 learned or unlearned1 speaking in their mother tongues distinguish species of cherries so readily by their common names1 is ample excuse for not attempting to give in a pomological work all of the ,latin names of the ,sour ,cherry that have been used by the many men who have at one time or another attempted to classify the plants in ,prunus4 ,those here published are from botanists who have contributed most to the knowledge of the species4 ,prunus cerasus is the ,sour ,cherry1 or ,pie ,cherry1 of many languages--grown and esteemed in temperate climates the world over and probably the most widely distributed of all tree fruits4 ,the species is found truly wild1 as we have set forth in detail in the following chapter1 in southwestern ,asia and southeastern ,europe4 ,it is a frequent escape from cultivation1 multiplying from seed distributed by birds or human agencies or growing from suckers which spring so freely from the roots as to make the species unfit for a stock in orchard work4 ,the number of cultivated varieties of ,prunus cerasus listed in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york is #bgj4 ,sour ,cherries cultivated for their fruits constitute two distinct groups1 each of which is again divided into many varieties4 ,the two groups vary more or less in both tree and fruit but have a constant difference only in a single1 very easily distinguished character--the juice in the fruits of one is red1 in the other it is colorless4 ,the cherries with colorless juice are the ,amarelles1 from the ,latin for bitter1 a term probably first used by the ,germans but now in general use wherever these cherries are grown1 though the ,english often designate them as ,kentish cherries and the ,french as ,cerisier ,commun4 ,these ,amarelles are pale red fruits1 more or less flattened at the ends4 ,despite the derivation of the name ,amarelle1 they have less bitterness than the other group of varieties of the ,sour ,cherry4 ,they are also less acid than the darker colored cherries and are therefore more suitable for eating out of hand while the dark colored cherries are almost exclusively culinary fruits4 ,the common representatives of this group are ,early ,richmond1 ,montmorency and the various cherries to which the word ,amarelle is affixed1 as the ,king ,amarelle and the ,spte ,amarelle4 ,the second group1 varieties with reddish juice and usually with very dark fruits which are more spherical or cordate in shape than the ,amarelles1 comprises the ,morellos of several languages or the ,griottes of ,illustration3 ,,prunus ,,cerasus 7,,morello ,,group7 the ,french4 ,the first of these terms has reference to the color1 the word ,morello coming from the ,italian meaning blackish while ,griotte1 from the ,french1 probably is derived through agriotte from aigre1 meaning sharp1 in reference to the acidity of these cherries4 ,weichsel is the ,german group name for these cherries1 rather less commonly used than the other two terms4 ,the trees of the ,morello-like varieties are usually smaller1 bushier and more compact than those of the ,amarelles4 ,the branches1 as a rule1 are more horizontal1 often drooping1 are less regularly arranged and are more slender4 ,the leaves1 in typical varieties1 are smaller1 thinner1 a darker green and are pendant while those of the ,amarelles are either inclined to be upright or horizontal2 the leaves are also toothed less deeply and more regularly4 ,these differences in the leaves are well shown in the color-plates of the varieties of the two groups4 ,there are differences1 also1 in the inflorescence and the floral organs in the extreme types but these disappear in the varieties that connect the two forms4 ,the typical varieties of this group are ,english ,morello1 ,ostheim1 ,olivet1 ,brusseler ,braune1 ,vladimir and ,riga4 ,attempts to give precise distinctions between the fruits and trees of the two groups fail because the varieties constituting them hybridize freely making it impossible1 with the more or less blended characters1 to classify accurately4 ,the group name indicates but little more than whether the cherries have a colored or a colorless juice--a distinction well worth while for the fruit-grower4 ,ehrhart called ,sour ,cherries with colorless juice ,prunus acida and those with dark colored juice ,prunus austera4 ,to some extent botanists have followed ,ehrhart's designations4 ,linnaeus thought the two groups sufficiently distinct to be botanical varieties of the species and denominated the cherry with colorless juice ,prunus cerasus caproniana and the one with colored juice ,prunus cerasus austera4 ,a third division of the species is the ,marasca cherry from which is made maraschino1 a distilled liqueur much used in ,europe as a drink and in ,europe and ,america in the manufacture of maraschino cherries4 ,the ,marasca cherry is a native of the province of ,dalmatia1 ,austria1 where the trees grow wild and are now sparingly cultivated4 ,in #ahca ,host gave this form the name ,cerasus marasca and a year later ,reichenbach described it as ,prunus marasca4 ,botanists now very generally include it in the species under discussion and ,schneider#g makes it a botanical variety1 ,prunus cerasus marasca1 a disposition which we believe to be the best4 ,the ,marasca cherries differ from the other cultivated forms chiefly in the greater vigor of the trees1 relatively finer serrations of the leaves1 longer stipules and a more compact inflorescence4 ,the fruits are much smaller than in the common ,sour ,cherries1 are deep red or almost black in color and have intensely red flesh and juice4 ,the cherries are very acid with a bitter taste that gives flavor to the maraschino made from them4 ,besides these divisions of the species cultivated for their fruits botanists describe several botanical forms which either have no horticultural value or are cultivated exclusively as ornamentals4 ,it is not necessary to discuss these in a pomological work4 ,of these botanical derivatives of ,prunus cerasus1 ,schneider enumerates nine and three hybrids between this and other species4#h #g ,schneider1 ,c4 ,k4 ,handb4 ,laubh4 #a3fae4 #aijf4 #h ,schneider1 ,c4 ,k4 ,handb4 ,laubh4 #a3aijf2 #b3aiab4 ,,prunus ,,avium ,linnaeus4 #a4 ,linnaeus ,fl4 ,suec4 ed4 #b3afe4 #agee4 ,p4 nigricans4 #b4 ,ehrhart ,beitr4 #g3abf4 #agib4 ,p4 varia4 #c4 ,ehrhart l4 c4 #abg4 #agib4 ,p4 sylvestris4 #d4 ,persoon ,syn4 ,pl4 #b3ce4 #ahjg4 ,p4 dulcis4 #e4 ,miller ex ,reichenbach ,fl4 ,germ4 ,exc4 #fdd4 #ahcb4 ,cerasus nigra4 #f4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 ed4 #h3 ,no4 #b4 #agfh4 ,c4 ,avium4 #g4 ,moench ,mth4 #fgb4 #agid4 ,c4 varia4 #h4 ,borkhausen1 in ,roemer ,arch4 #a41 #b3ch4 #agif4 ,c4 ,juliana4 #i4 ,de ,candolle ,fl4 ,fran4 #d3dhc4 #ahje4 ,c4 duracina4 #aj4 ,de ,candolle l4 c4 #ahje4 ,c4 rubicunda4 #aa4 ,bechstein ,forstb4 #afj1 #cce4 #ahaj4 ,c4 intermedia4 #ab4 ,host ,fl4 ,austr4 #b3g4 #ahca1 not ,loisel4 in ,duham4 #ahab4 ,c4 decumana4 #ac4 ,delaunay ex ,seringe1 in ,de ,candolle ,prodr4 #b3ecf4 #ahbe4 ,c4 macrophylla4 #ad4 ,sweet ,hort4 ,brit4 ed4 #a3dhe4 #ahbg4 ,c4 dulcis4 #ae4 ,borkhausen ex ,steudel ,nom4 ,bot4 ed4 sec41 #a3cca4 #ahdj4 ,c4 pallida4 #af4 ,roemer ,syn4 ,rosifl4 #fi4 #ahdg4 ,c4 heterophylla4 #ag4 ,hort4 ex ,koch ,dendrol4 #a3ajf4 #ahfi4 ,c4 asplenifolia4 #ah4 ,hort4 ex ,koch l4 c4 #ahfi4 ,c4 salicifolia4 #ai4 ,hort4 ex ,koch l4 c4 #ahfi1 not ,ser4 in ,de ,candolle4 #ahbe4 ,illustration3 ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,yellow ,,spanish7 ,illustration3 ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,double ,,flowering7 ,tree reaching a height of thirty to forty feet1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 open-topped1 semi-hardy1 usually with a central leader2 trunk a foot or more in diameter roughened2 branches rather stocky1 smooth1 dull ash-gray1 with few small lenticels2 branchlets thick1 long1 with long internodes1 grayish-brown1 smooth1 with small1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves resinous at opening1 more or less drooping1 numerous1 four to six inches long1 two to three inches wide1 strongly conduplicate1 oblong-ovate1 thin2 upper surface dark green1 rugose or sometimes smooth2 lower surface dull green1 more or less pubescent2 apex acute1 base more or less abrupt2 margin coarsely and doubly serrate1 glandular2 petiole one and three-fourths inches long1 slender1 dull red1 with from one to three small1 globose1 reddish glands on the stalk2 stipules small1 lanceolate1 finely serrate1 early caducous4 ,buds rather small1 of medium length1 pointed1 appressed or free1 arranged singly or in small1 scaly clusters at the tips of branchlets or on short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 blooming with or after the leaves2 flowers white1 one and one-quarter inches across2 in clusters of two or three2 pedicels one inch long1 slender1 glabrous2 calyx-tube green or with a faint red tinge1 brownish-yellow within1 campanulate2 calyx-lobes faintly tinged with red1 long1 acute1 margin serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals oval1 entire or crenate1 tapering to a short1 blunt claw2 stamens nearly one-half inch long1 thirty-five or thirty-six2 anthers yellow2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit ripening in early ,july2 about an inch in diameter1 cordate2 cavity deep1 wide1 abrupt2 suture a line2 apex roundish or pointed2 color ranging from yellow through red to purplish-black2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 inconspicuous2 stem tinged with red1 one and one-half inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin toughish1 adherent to the pulp2 flesh yellow1 red1 or dark purple with colorless or colored juice1 tender to firm1 sweet2 stone semi-clinging1 three-eighths of an inch long1 not as wide as long1 elliptical1 flattened1 blunt1 with smooth surfaces4 ,through its cultivated varieties ,prunus avium is everywhere known in temperate climates as the ,sweet ,cherry4 ,in the wild state it is variously called ,mazzard1 ,bird1 ,wild1 ,crab and the ,gean cherry4 ,it is not as hardy a species as ,prunus cerasus and is1 therefore1 less generally grown but still is a favorite orchard1 dooryard and roadside plant in all mid-temperate regions4 ,it refuses to grow1 however1 in the warmest and coldest parts of the temperate zones4 ,wherever the species thrives as an orchard plant it is to be found growing spontaneously along fences and roadsides and in open woods from seeds distributed by birds4 ,the fruits of these wild ,sweet ,cherries are usually small and the flesh thin and dry1 often unpalatable2 but1 on the other hand1 trees are sometimes found as escapes from cultivation which rival in their products the orchard-grown cherries4 ,it is from reverted seedlings that the description of the species herewith given has been made4 ,the number of cultivated varieties of ,prunus avium listed in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york is #edi4 ,the habitat of the species and its history as a cultivated plant are given in the following chapter4 ,a further point of horticultural interest as regards its habitat is that wherever found truly wild1 as in its original home in southern and central ,europe and ,asia ,minor1 it is to be found in moderately dry1 calcareous soils and seldom in the shade1 preferring always warm1 sunny sites1 as gravelly or stony hillsides4 ,these predilections cling to the species in its cultivated varieties4 ,prunus avium differs from ,prunus cerasus in an important horticultural character as the two species grow spontaneously--the former suckers from the root little or not at all1 making it a suitable plant for a stock in orchard work1 while the latter suckers so much as to make it unfit for use as a stock4 ,prunus avium is variously divided by botanists and pomologists4 ,whatever distinct forms of the species may exist in the wild state1 they are now interminably confused by hybridization under cultivation4 ,it is impossible to divide the species into botanical varieties from the characters of the horticultural varieties1 as many botanists have attempted to do4 ,the species can be roughly divided into two pomological groups1 the distinguishing character being the texture of the flesh4 ,sweet ,cherries with soft1 tender flesh form one group known by pomologists under the ,french group name ,guigne or the ,english ,gean4 ,these are also the ,heart cherries of common parlance4 ,these soft-fruited cherries may again be divided into dark colored varieties with reddish juice and light colored sorts with colorless juice4 ,typical light colored ,geans are ,coe1 ,ida1 ,elton and ,waterloo2 dark colored ones are ,black ,tartarian1 ,early ,purple and ,eagle4 ,it is to this group of cherries that ,linnaeus gave the varietal name ,juliana and ,de ,candolle the specific name ,cerasus ,juliana4 ,the second group is distinguished by the firm1 breaking flesh of the fruits--the ,bigarreaus of several languages1 the name originally having reference to the diverse colors of the fruits4 ,this group is further divisible in accordance with color of fruit and juice into black ,bigarreaus and light ,bigarreaus4 ,chief of the black cherries falling into this division are ,windsor1 ,schmidt and ,mezel2 of the light ones1 which are much more numerous1 ,yellow ,spanish and ,napoleon are representative sorts4 ,linnaeus called these hard-fleshed cherries ,prunus avium duracina2 ,de ,candolle called them ,cerasus duracina2 ,k4 ,koch1 ,prunus avium decumana2 and ,roemer1 ,cerasus bigarella4 ,besides these two orchard forms of ,prunus avium several other horticultural forms1 quite as distinct or even more so1 are grown as ornamentals1 some of which are listed as distinct species or as botanical varieties of ,prunus avium4 ,to add to the confusion1 a number of ,latinized garden names are more or less commonly applied to these ornamental ,sweet ,cherries4 ,schneider1#i in revising the genus ,prunus1 names four botanical forms of ,prunus avium and two natural hybrids with other species4 #i ,schneider1 ,c4 ,k4 ,handb4 ,laubh4 #a3aijf2 #b3aiab4 ,,prunus ,,avium ,,prunus ,,cerasus ,the ,duke cherries1 long placed by most pomologists and botanists in a botanical variety of ,prunus avium1 are unquestionably hybrids between the ,sweet ,cherry and the ,sour ,cherry4 ,a study of the characters of the varieties of the ,duke cherries shows all gradations between ,prunus cerasus and ,prunus avium1 though1 in the main1 they resemble the latter more than the former1 differing from the ,sweet ,cherries most noticeably in having an acid flesh4 ,sterility is a common attribute of hybridism4 ,in this respect the ,dukes behave like most hybrids4 ,in several ,duke cherries all of the seeds collected at this ,station are sterile2 in others1 most of them are sterile and in none are the seeds as fertile as in varieties known to be pure bred as to species4 ,so1 too1 shrunken pollen grains indicate hybridity4 ,a study of the pollen of the ,duke cherries shows many grains1 the greater proportion1 to be abnormal1 a condition not found in the pollen of varieties true to species4 ,may ,duke1 ,reine ,hortense and ,late ,duke are the leading hybrid varieties4 ,illustration3 ,,prunus ,,avium ,,prunus ,,cerasus 7,,reine ,,hortense7 ,there are dark colored ,duke cherries with reddish juice and light colored sorts with uncolored juice1 just as in the two parent species4 ,may ,duke is a typical variety with colored juice while ,reine ,hortense is probably the best-known cherry among these hybrids with uncolored juice4 ,about #fe of the cherries listed in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york are ,dukes1 or hybrids between the ,sweet and the ,sour ,cherry4 ,the name ,duke comes from the variety ,may ,duke which is a corruption of ,mdoc1 a district in the department of ,geronde1 ,france1 from whence this variety came4 ,the cherries of this group are known as ,dukes only in ,england2 in ,france the name ,royale is similarly used4 ,these hybrid cherries have been placed in a distinct botanical group by several botanists4 ,they constitute the ,cerasus regalis ,poiteau and ,turpin 7,traite des ,arb4 ,fruit4 #abc72 the ,cerasus bigarella regalis ,roemer 7,syn4 ,monogr4 #c3fi72 and the ,prunus avium regalis ,bailey 7,cyc4 ,am4 ,hort4 #adec4 #aija74 ,,prunus ,,mahaleb ,linnaeus4 #a4 ,linnaeus ,sp4 ,pl4 #dgd4 #agec4 #b4 ,bailey ,cyc4 ,am4 ,hort4 #c3adea4 #aija4 #c4 ,schneider ,handb4 ,laubh4 #a3fag4 #aijf4 ,cerasus mahaleb4 #d4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 ed4 #h3 ,no4 #d4 #agei4 ,padus mahaleb4 #e4 ,borkhausen ,handb4 ,forstb4 #b3adcd4 #ahjc4 ,tree small1 slender1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 open-topped2 branches roughened1 ash-gray over reddish-brown2 branchlets numerous1 slender and firm-wooded1 with short internodes1 dull gray1 glabrous1 with very numerous large1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 an inch in length1 one and one-fourth inches wide1 ovate to obovate1 thick1 leathery2 upper surface dark green1 glossy1 smooth2 lower surface light green1 slightly pubescent along the midrib2 apex and base abrupt2 margin finely crenate1 with reddish-brown glands2 petiole one-half inch long1 slender1 greenish1 with none or with from one to three small1 globose1 greenish glands variable in position4 ,buds small1 short1 obtuse1 appressed or free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and in clusters on small1 slender spurs2 flowers appearing late1 after the leaves1 small1 averaging one-half inch across1 white1 fragrant2 borne in clusters of six to eight scattered on a main stem an inch in length1 with the terminal pedicels one-quarter inch long and basal pedicels one-half inch long2 pedicels slender1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube green1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes narrow1 entire1 glabrous1 reflexed2 petals white1 small1 separated1 ovate1 tapering to short1 narrow claws2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 about equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures about the middle of ,july2 very small1 one-fourth inch long1 one-third inch wide1 roundish-ovate2 cavity shallow and abrupt2 suture shallow or a mere line2 apex roundish to slightly pointed1 with stigma usually adherent2 color black2 stem slender1 length of corymb about one and one-half inches2 length of fruit-stem about one-quarter inch2 skin thick1 tough2 flesh reddish-black1 with scant reddish-black juice1 tender and soft1 very astringent1 sour1 not edible2 stone free or nearly so1 very small1 averaging nine thirty-seconds inch long and seven thirty-seconds inch wide1 ovate1 slightly flattened1 with pointed apex2 ventral suture prominent4 ,prunus mahaleb is now a wild inhabitant of all southern ,europe as far north as central ,france1 southern ,germany1 ,austria-,hungary and eastward through ,asia ,minor and ,caucasia to and within the borders of ,turkestan4 ,wherever it grows spontaneously in the ,old ,world it is said to prefer rocky1 gravelly1 sunny slopes and the climate in which the grape thrives best4 ,wild or cultivated1 the ,mahaleb is a shallow-rooted plant1 a fact that must be taken into consideration in its use as a stock4 ,prunus mahaleb is a common escape from cultivation in eastern ,north ,america especially about the nursery centers of central ,new ,york4 ,the ,mahaleb1 or ,st4 ,lucie cherry1 is of no importance to fruit-growers for its fruit but as a consort with nearly all of the ,sweet and ,sour ,cherries now being propagated in ,north ,america it becomes of prime importance and so receives botanical consideration here4 ,according to ,schneider1 in the reference cited1 there are several spontaneous forms of ,prunus mahaleb and also several horticultural varieties grown as ornamentals4 ,none of these1 wild or cultivated1 are of interest to fruit-growers1 unless1 perchance some one of them should prove to be a better stock upon which to work orchard cherries4 ,mahaleb stocks are usually grown as seedlings but may also be propagated from root cuttings4 ,the wood of the ,mahaleb tree is of value in cabinet making1 possessing among other good qualities a pleasant and lasting odor4 ,the leaves1 too1 are odoriferous and are more or less used in ,france in the manufacture of perfumes and in cookery to give savor to sauces4 ,,prunus ,,tomentosa ,thunberg4 #a4 ,thunberg ,fl4 ,jap4 #bjc4 #aghd4 #b4 ,jack ,garden ,forest #e3ehj1 fig4 #ii4 #ahib4 #c4 ,bailey ,cyc4 ,am4 ,hort4 #c3adea4 #aija4 #d4 ,schneider ,handb4 ,laubh4 #a3fja4 #aijf4 #e4 ,koehne ,plantae ,wilsonianae ,pt4 #b3bfh4 #aiab4 ,cerasus tomentosa4 #f4 ,wallich ,cat4 ,no4 #gae4 #ahbi4 ,illustration3 ,,prunus ,,tomentosa ,a dwarfish1 bush-like plant attaining a height of ten or twelve feet1 vigorous1 dense-topped1 hardy2 trunk and branches stocky2 branches smooth1 grayish-brown2 branchlets many1 of medium thickness and length1 thickly overspread with short pubescence1 with short internodes1 roughish1 with a few large1 raised lenticels near the base4 ,leaves numerous1 two and one-eighth inches long1 one and one-half inches wide1 folded upward or flattened1 broad-oval to obovate1 velvety2 upper surface dull1 dark green1 rugose2 lower surface thickly pubescent1 with a prominent midrib and veins2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin serrate2 petiole three-sixteenths inch in length1 reddish1 pubescent1 of medium thickness1 with from twelve to fourteen small1 globose1 yellow glands1 usually at the base of the blade4 ,buds very small1 short1 pointed1 free1 arranged as lateral buds and in clusters on small1 short spurs2 leaf-scars not prominent2 season of bloom early2 flowers appear with the leaves1 white1 thirteen-sixteenths inch across2 borne singly or in pairs2 pedicels short1 thick1 glabrous2 calyx-tube reddish1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes narrow1 acute1 serrate1 slightly pubescent1 erect2 petals white1 roundish-ovate1 entire1 with short claws2 anthers tinged with red2 pistil pubescent at the base1 longer than the stamens1 often defective4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 a half-inch in diameter1 roundish1 slightly compressed2 cavity deep1 narrow1 abrupt2 suture shallow2 apex depressed1 with adherent stigma2 color currant-red2 dots numerous1 small1 grayish1 obscure2 stem thickish1 one-eighth to one-quarter of an inch in length1 pubescent2 skin thick1 tender1 adheres slightly to the pulp1 covered with light pubescence2 flesh light red1 with light red juice1 stringy1 melting1 sprightly1 sour2 good in quality2 stone clinging1 one-quarter of an inch long1 one-eighth inch wide1 oval1 slightly pointed1 with smooth surfaces4 ,the habitat of ,prunus tomentosa is probably ,central ,asia though it is now to be found growing spontaneously in ,east ,tibet and the ,chinese provinces of ,setschuan1 ,hupe1 ,kansu and perhaps ,tochlii4 ,this shrub-like cherry is very generally cultivated in central1 eastern and northern ,china and in ,japan for its fruit and as an ornamental4 ,it has been introduced into cultivation in many widely separated places in ,north ,america and appears to be promising for cold regions1 both bud and wood withstanding perfectly the most rigorous climates of the ,united ,states4 ,as it grows in ,america it is a bush and never a true tree4 ,it is a twiggy1 close-jointed plant1 usually with many stems springing from the ground and these bearing branches quite to the base4 ,frequently these low-growing branches bend to the ground and take root forming new plants4 ,the bushes are thickly clothed with leaves densely tomentose on the underside1 in this respect and in shape1 as well1 very unlike the foliage of common cultivated cherries4 ,the flowers appear in great abundance with the leaves1 making a handsome ornamental2 they are white1 becoming rose-colored as they fall away4 ,the fruit ripens in mid-season for cherries1 setting profusely from the many blossoms4 ,the cherries are a half-inch in diameter1 bright currant-red1 covered with inconspicuous hairs and contain a stone of medium size4 ,they are pleasantly acid1 very juicy and withal a decided addition to cultivated cherries4 ,prunus tomentosa seems a most promising plant for domestication and of particular merit for small gardens and cold regions4 ,koehne1 in his list of cherries1 names ten botanical varieties of ,prunus tomentosa4 ,from this the species seems to be most variable and under cultivation would probably break up into many forms some of which might prove superior to the type species4 ,koehne's botanical varieties are given under the species on page #bb4 ,,prunus ,,pumila ,linnaeus4 #a4 ,linnaeus ,mant4 ,pl4 #ge4 #agfh4 #b4 ,bailey ,cor4 ,bul4 ,ex4 ,sta4 #ch3if4 #ahib4 ,bailey l4 c4 #gj3bfj4 #ahid4 #c4 ,bailey ,cyc4 ,am4 ,hort4 #c3adej4 #aija4 ,p4 ,susquehanae4 #d4 ,willdenow ,enum4 ,pl4 #eai4 #ahji4 ,p4 depressa4 #e4 ,pursh ,fl4 ,am4 #a3ccb4 #ahad4 ,p4 incana4 #f4 ,schweinitz ,long's ,expedition by ,keating #b3chg4 #ahbd4 ,cerasus glauca4 #g4 ,moench ,meth4 #fgb4 #agid4 ,c4 pumila4 #h4 ,michaux ,fl4 ,bor4 ,am4 #b3bhf4 #ahjc4 ,c4 depressa4 #i4 ,seringe1 in ,de ,candolle ,prod4 #b3ech4 #ahbe4 ,plant a small shrub1 five to eight feet in height1 willow-like habit1 weak1 upright when young but becoming decumbent1 slow-growing1 hardy2 trunk slender1 smooth except for the raised lenticels2 branches slender1 smooth1 twiggy1 very dark1 dull reddish-black with a tinge of gray2 lenticels numerous1 small1 conspicuous2 branchlets very slender1 short1 twiggy1 with short internodes1 dull grayish-brown1 glabrous1 with conspicuous1 very small1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves hanging late in the season1 small1 averaging one and three-fourths inches long1 one inch wide1 flat1 abruptly pointed1 narrowly oblanceolate to obovate1 thin2 upper surface dark1 dull green1 smooth2 lower surface light green1 thinly pubescent on the midrib and veins2 midrib small1 straight2 veins very minute2 margin serrate1 teeth tipped with very small glands2 petiole short1 one-fourth inch in length1 glandless4 ,flowers small1 in two- to five-flowered umbels1 white1 appearing with the leaves2 pedicels slender1 a half-inch in length4 ,fruit nearly round1 pendulous1 variable in color but usually purple-black1 without bloom1 nearly a half-inch in diameter2 flesh thin1 variable in quality but often sour and astringent2 season late ,july2 stone turgid1 nearly round4 ,prunus pumila1 the ,sand ,cherry1 or ,dwarf ,cherry1 of eastern ,america1 is found on sandy and rocky inland shores from ,maine to the ,district of ,columbia and northwestward to the ,lake of the ,woods in ,canada4 ,in particular it is common on the sand dunes of the ,great ,lakes4 ,everywhere in the wild state it grows in light sands suggesting its use in arid soils and especially on poor soils in cold climates4 ,as yet there seem to be no named varieties of this cherry known to fruit-growers1 its nearly related species1 ,prunus besseyi1 offering greater opportunities to both the fruit-grower and the experimenter4 ,both the plants and fruits are so variable1 the size1 color and quality of the crop on some plants being quite attractive1 that it is certain an opportunity to domesticate a worthy native plant is being overlooked4 ,the species ought to have value1 too1 as a stock on which to work other cherries for sandy soils1 dwarf trees and exacting climates4 ,,prunus ,,cuneata ,rafinesque4 #a4 ,rafinesque ,ann4 ,nat4 #aa4 #ahbj4 #b4 ,bailey ,cor4 ,ex4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ch3aja4 #ahib4 #c4 ,britton and ,brown ,ill4 ,flora #b3bej4 #ahig4 #d4 ,gray ,man4 ,bot4 ed4 #g3dih4 #aijh4 ,p4 pumila cuneata4 #e4 ,bailey ,cyc4 ,am4 ,hort4 #c3adea4 #aija4 ,prunus cuneata1 sometimes called the ,appalachian cherry1 is not growing at this ,station but is described in the references given as very similar to the ,sand ,cherry1 differing in the following respects3 ,the plant is dwarfer but is more erect never having prostrate branches2 the branches are smoother and lighter colored2 the leaves are shorter1 more oval1 more obtuse1 thinner1 less conspicuously veined1 teeth fewer and the points more appressed2 the flowers are larger1 petals broader and are borne on slightly curled stems in umbels of two to four2 the fruit and stone in the two species are much the same1 possibly averaging smaller in this species4 ,the habitat of ,prunus cuneata is from ,maine to ,north ,carolina and northwest to ,minnesota1 being most commonly found in wet1 stiff soils near lakes and bogs but often found on rocky hills if the soil be not too dry4 ,it is doubtful if this cherry is as promising for cultivation as the foregoing species and not nearly as worthy attention as the next cherry4 ,,prunus ,,besseyi ,bailey4 #a4 ,bailey ,cor4 ,ex4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gj3bfa4 #ahid4 #b4 ,contrib4 ,u4 ,s4 ,nat4 ,herb4 #c3aef4 #ahie4 #c4 ,bessey ,neb4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #bf3afh4 #ahie4 ,bessey l4 c4 #cg3aba4 #aijf4 #d4 ,britton and ,brown ,ill4 ,flora #c3bea4 #ahig4 ,p4 pumila ,besseyi4 #e4 ,waugh ,vt4 ,ex4 ,sta4 ,rpt4 #ab3bci4 #ahih-ii4 #f4 ,bailey ,cyc4 ,am4 ,hort4 #c3adea4 #aija4 ,plant a small shrub1 spreading or diffuse1 one to four feet in height1 open-centered1 slow-growing1 hardy2 trunk slender1 smooth2 branches slender1 smooth1 very dark brownish-black1 with numerous lenticels2 branchlets slender1 short1 with short internodes1 dull grayish-brown becoming almost black1 smooth1 glabrous1 with conspicuous1 small1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves hanging late1 numerous1 small1 two and three-eighths inches long1 one inch wide1 thick1 stiff1 slightly folded upward or nearly flat2 apex with a short taper-point1 broadly lanceolate to nearly oval-lanceolate2 upper surface dark green1 glossy1 smooth2 lower surface very light green1 not pubescent2 midrib distinct1 glabrous2 veins small but distinct2 margin serrate1 teeth appressed1 tipped with indistinct1 sharp glands2 petiole thick1 three-eighths inch in length1 glandless or with from one to two very small1 light colored1 globose glands on the petiole at the base of the leaf2 stipules very prominent1 almost leaf-like4 ,flowers appearing with the leaves in sessile umbels1 small1 less than a half-inch across1 white2 fruit more than a half-inch in diameter1 globose1 sometimes oblong-pointed1 yellowish1 mottled or more often purple-black2 variable in quality but always more or less astringent2 ripening in early ,august2 stone large1 globose1 slightly flattened4 ,the habitat of ,prunus besseyi is not yet definitely bounded but it can1 at least1 be said that this species is to be found on the prairies from ,manitoba and ,minnesota to southern ,kansas and westward into ,montana1 ,wyoming and ,utah4 ,in its natural range it undoubtedly runs into that of ,prunus pumila to the east1 and ,waugh1 in the reference given1 holds that the two species grade into each other and he1 therefore1 makes this a variety of the eastern species4 ,certainly ,prunus pumila and ,prunus besseyi are as distinct as are many other of the more or less indefinite species of this genus--few1 indeed1 are the species of ,prunus that do not have outliers which overlap other types and1 as we shall see1 there are hybrids between this and species of other cherries1 plums and even peaches and apricots1 showing that the lines of demarcation between the members of this genus are difficult to define4 ,although ,prunus besseyi has received attention from horticulturists less than a quarter-century it has aroused much interest1 best indicated by the fact that now a considerable number of varieties of the species are under cultivation and there are more than a score of hybrids disseminated in which it is one of the parents4 ,indians1 trappers and early settlers have long used the wild fruit under the name of ,western ,sand ,cherry1 ,bessey's ,cherry and ,rocky ,mountain ,cherry4 ,among pioneers this cherry was held in high esteem for sauces1 pies and preserves and1 where there was a dearth of cultivated cherries1 was eaten with relish out of hand4 ,the flesh is tender1 juicy and1 while astringent as commonly found1 plants bearing aromatic and very palatable cherries are often found growing wild while some of the domesticated plants bear very well-flavored fruits4 ,all speak of the ,sand ,cherry as wonderful in productiveness and as having remarkable capacity to withstand the vicissitudes of the exacting climate in which it grows4 ,a valuable asset of ,prunus besseyi is its great variability4 ,fruit from different plants varies in size1 color and flavor suggesting that1 under cultivation1 amelioration will proceed rapidly4 ,the plants of this species root freely from layers or root-cuttings and are therefore easily propagated and multiplied4 ,but it is in its hybrids that this western cherry has proved most valuable in horticulture4 ,there are now hybrids under cultivation between this species and the ,sand plum 7,prunus augustifolia watsoni71 the ,hortulana plum 7,prunus hortulana71 the ,simonii plum 7,prunus simonii71 the ,japanese plum 7,prunus triflora71 the ,american plum 7,prunus americana71 the ,cherry plum 7,prunus cerasifera71 the ,sweet ,cherry 7,prunus avium71 the peach 7,prunus persica71 the apricots 7,prunus armeniaca and ,prunus mume71 and the common plum 7,prunus domestica74 ,it would almost seem that this species is the go-between of the many and varied types of the genus ,prunus4 ,it is true that few of these hybrids yet shine as orchard plants but1 given time1 it seems certain that some will prove valuable in general horticulture and that many will be grown in the special horticulture of the northern ,mississippi ,valley and the adjoining plains to the west4 ,credit must be given to ,professor ,n4 ,e4 ,hansen of the ,south ,dakota ,experiment ,station for most of our present knowledge of hybridism between this and other species4#aj ,in his work with this species ,hansen has also found that ,prunus besseyi makes a very good stock for peaches1 apricots1 ,japanese and native plums and that1 while it does not so readily consort with the true cherries1 yet it can be used as a stock for them4 ,on the other hand larger fruits of the ,sand ,cherry can be grown when it is budded on stocks of the ,americana4 #aj ,see bulletins #hg 7#aijd71 #hh 7#aijd71 #ajh 7#aijh7 and #acj 7#aiaa7 from the ,south ,dakota ,experiment ,station1 ,brookings1 ,s4 ,d4 ,,minor ,,species ,besides these well-recognized species of cultivated cherries there are several others that play a much less conspicuous part in horticulture4 ,prunus fruticosa ,pallas1 the ,dwarf ,cherry of ,europe1 is much cultivated1 more especially its botanical variety pendula1 as an ornamental and somewhat for its fruit4 ,according to ,wilson1#aa ,prunus involucrata ,koehne is grown for its fruit in the gardens of ,china2 the fruits1 he says1 are small and lacking in flavour4 ,the fruits of ,prunus emarginata ,walpers are eaten by the ,indians on the ,pacific ,coast and the early settlers used the species as a stock for orchard cherries4 ,prunus jacquemontii ,hooker1 the ,dwarf ,cherry of ,afghanistan and ,tibet1 is occasionally in culture for its fruit and as a park plant2 so also is another dwarf cherry from southwestern ,asia1 ,prunus incana ,steven4 ,prunus pseudocerasus ,lindley1 the ,flowering ,cherry of ,japan1 is a well-known ornamental the world over and in ,japan is used as a stock for orchard cherries for which purpose1 as we have suggested in the discussion of stocks1 it ought to be tried in ,america4 #aa ,wilson1 ,e4 ,h4 ,a ,naturalist in ,western ,china #b3bg4 #aiac4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,the ,,history ,,of ,,cultivated ,,cherries ,,the ,,ancient ,,use ,,of ,,cherries ,history casts no direct light upon the period when the cherry first came under cultivation4 ,undoubtedly primitive men in all parts of the ,north ,temperate ,zone enlivened their scanty fruit fare with wild cherries4 ,cultivated cherries1 we know1 had their origin in the ,old ,world4 ,but history tells us nothing of the period when ,europe and ,asia were unbroken forests inhabitated by savages who eked out a precarious subsistence by the pursuit of the chase and from meagre harvests of wild grains1 fruits and vegetables4 ,on these continents agriculture and rude civilization began in ages immemorial and cultivated plants diversified1 enriched and adorned the landscapes long before the first written records4 ,our knowledge of how wild cherries have been remodeled into the orchard and garden varieties of today--of what the methods and processes of domestication have been--is1 therefore1 doubtful and limited1 for the mind and hand of man had been deeply impressed upon the cherry long before the faint traditions which have been transmitted to our day could possibly have arisen4 ,the history of the cherry1 then1 goes back to primitive man4 ,direct proof of the ancient use of cherries is furnished by the finding of cherry-pits of several species in the deposits of ,swiss lake-dwellings1 in the mounds and cliff-caves of prehistoric inhabitants of ,america and in the ancient rubbish-heaps of ,scandinavian countries4 ,there are but few regions in which cultivated cherries are grown in which the inhabitants in times of stress1 or by choice in times of plenty1 do not now use as food wild cherries1 some species of which grow in abundance and under the most varied conditions1 almost from the ,arctic ,circle to within a few degrees of the ,tropic of ,cancer in a belt encircling the globe4 ,it is probable that all of the wild species which have furnished fruit to the aborigines or to the modern inhabitants of a region have been sparingly cultivated--at the very least if they possessed any considerable food value they have been more or less widely distributed by the hand of man4 ,but1 curiously enough1 out of the score or more of species of which the fruit is used as food as the plants grow wild1 but two may be said to be truly domesticated4 ,these are the ,sour1 or ,pie ,cherry1 ,prunus cerasus1 and the ,sweet ,cherry1 ,prunus avium1 with the histories of which we are now to be concerned4 ,pliny is generally accredited as the first historian of the cherry4 ,nearly eighteen and a half centuries ago he gave an account of the cherries of ,rome with the statement that ,lucullus1 the ,roman soldier and gourmet1 had brought them to ,rome #fe years before ,christ#ab from the region of the ,black ,sea4 ,this particular in the account proves to be a good illustration of the adage that old errors strike root deeply4 ,though disproved beyond all question of doubt time and time again by botanists and historians1 ,pliny's inadvertence is still everywhere current in text-books1 pomologies and cyclopaedias--a mis-statement started1 repeated and perpetuated from medieval days when to be printed in ,pliny was sufficient proof4 ,that ,lucullus brought to ,italy a cherry and one which the ,romans did not know there is no reason to doubt1 but other cherries there must have been1 not only wild but cultivated1 of ,prunus cerasus at least and probably of ,prunus avium1 and in comparative abundance long before ,lucullus1 returning from the war in ,pontus with ,mithridates1 brought to ,rome a cherry4 ,with this brief mention of ,pliny's inaccuracy1 we pass to more substantial facts in the history of the cherry4 ,the domestication of one or the other of the two generally cultivated species of cherries followed step by step the changes from savagery to civilization in the countries of ,europe and of western ,asia4 ,for1 as one sorts the accumulated stores of botanical and historical evidence1 it becomes quickly apparent that both the ,sweet and the ,sour ,cherry now grow wild and long have done so in the region named and that1 from the time tillage of plants was first practiced in the ,old ,world1 this fruit has been under cultivation1 feeble1 obscure1 and interrupted by war and chase though its cultivation may have been4 ,certainly the history of the cherry is as old as that of agriculture in the southern ,european countries and is interwritten with it4 ,in beginning the history of a cultivated plant the first step is to ascertain where it grows spontaneously--where it may be found unplanted and unattended by man4 ,this is the task now before us for ,prunus cerasus and ,prunus avium1 discussing them in the order named4 #ab ,see quotation on page #de4 ,,the ,,origin ,,of ,,cultivated ,,cherries ,prunus cerasus1 of which the ,montmorency is the commonest representative in ,america1 is now to be found wild wherever ,sour ,cherries are much grown1 for it is a favorite food of many birds which quickly scatter its seeds from centers of cultivation4 ,nearly all of the botanies of temperate regions in which agriculture is carried on name this cherry as an escape from cultivation into woods and hedgerows and along roadsides4 ,the ,sour ,cherry1 then1 is now to be found truly wild in many parts of several continents4 ,it is not so easy to say where the habitat and what the condition before the species was cultivated4 ,but botany1 archaeology1 history and philology indicate that the original habitat of the ,sour ,cherry is southeastern ,europe and the nearby countries in ,asia4 ,after saying that this cherry has been found wild in the forests of ,asia ,minor1 the plains of ,macedonia1 on ,mount ,olympus and in neighboring territories1 ,de ,candolle1 however1 limits its habitat to the region from the ,caspian ,sea to the environments of ,constantinople4#ac ,but as a wild plant this cherry must have spread over a far greater area4 ,even the broadest boundaries of the habitat of ,prunus cerasus as set by ,de ,candolle show over-caution4 ,thus1 the ,marasca cherry1 a botanical variety of ,prunus cerasus1 is most certainly wild in the ,province of ,dalmatia on the ,adriatic ,sea in ,austria2 so1 too1 it is certain that this species is feral as far away from ,de ,candolle's center of distribution as northern ,austria and southern ,germany and has been so for untold ages4 ,it is safe to say that the original source of the ,sour ,cherry was the territory lying between ,switzerland and the ,adriatic ,sea on the west and the ,caspian ,sea and probably somewhat farther north on the east4 ,that is1 our savage forefathers must have found this cherry in the region thus outlined1 probably in a much more extended territory1 into which it was brought in more or less remote times by agencies other than human from ,de ,candolle's smaller area of origin4 ,it is easier to define the geographic range of the wild ,sweet ,cherry4 ,botanists very generally agree that ,prunus avium as a wild plant inhabits all of the mainland of ,europe in which the cultivated varieties of the species can be grown--that is1 most of the continent south of ,sweden1 and may be found wild well into southern ,russia4 ,the species is reported sparingly wild in northern ,africa and is a very common wild plant in southern ,asia as far east as northern ,india4 ,it must not be thought that the plant is everywhere abundant in the great area outlined as its habitat4 ,to the contrary1 the ,sweet ,cherry is an uncommon wild plant in ,spain1 ,italy and other parts of southern ,europe4 ,all authorities agree that the region of greatest communal intensity for ,prunus avium is between the ,caspian and ,black ,seas and south of these bodies of water4 ,it might suffice to say that from about these seas the ,sweet ,cherry came--that here grew the trunk from which branches were spread into other lands by birds and animals carrying the seeds from place to place4 ,the most important fact to be established1 however1 is that this cherry has long grown spontaneously over a widely extended territory and may1 therefore1 have been domesticated in several widely separated regions4 #ac ,de ,candolle1 ,origin of ,cultivated ,plants #bjg4 #ahhe4 ,,the ,,cherry ,,in ,,greece2 ,,the ,,first ,,record ,,of ,,culture ,,and ,,the ,,name ,having established the habitats of the two cultivated cherries we may next ask when and where their cultivation began4 ,the domestication of plants probably began in ,china--certainly ,chinese agriculture long antedates that of any other nation now in existence of which we have records4 ,agriculture in ,china1 historians roughly approximate1 goes back #d1jjj years4 ,but while the ,chinese have many other species of cherry1 as we have seen1 some of which may be said to be partially domesticated1 ,prunus cerasus and ,prunus avium are not found wild in ,china and were only in recent years introduced there as cultivated plants4 ,neither does the cherry of our civilization seem to have been known in the second great agricultural region of the world--,egypt and the extreme southwest of ,asia4 ,at least there are no words for the cherry in the languages of the peoples of that region and cherry pits have not been found with the remains of other plants in the tombs and ruins of ,egypt1 ,assyria and ,babylon4 ,nor does the cherry seem to have been cultivated in ,india until comparatively recent times4 ,these very brief and general statements show that cherries were not cultivated in the first agricultural civilizations and serve to fix the time and the place of the domestication of the cherry a little more definitely4 ,records of cherries as cultivated plants begin1 so far as the researches of botanical historians now show1 with ,greek civilization though it is probable1 for several reasons1 that some cultivated cherries came to ,greece from ,asia ,minor4 ,theophrastus1 to whom ,linnaeus gave the title ,father of ,botany1 writing about #cjj years before the ,christian era in his ,history of ,plants1 is1 according to botanical historians1 the first of the ,greek writers to mention the cherry4 ,his statement is as follows3-- ,the cherry is a peculiar tree1 of large size1 some attaining the height of twenty-four cubits1 rather thick1 so that they may measure two cubits in circumference at the base4 ,the leaf is like that of the mespilus1 rather firm and broader1 the color of the foliage such that the tree may be distinguished from others at a good distance4 ,the bark1 by its color1 smoothness and thickness1 is like that of tilia4 ,the flower meaning1 the cluster of flowers is white1 resembling that of the pear and mespilus1 consisting of small separate flowers4 ,the fruit is red1 similar to that of diospyros but what his diospyros was no one knows of the size of a faba perhaps nelumbo seed1 which is hard1 but the cherry is soft4 ,the tree grows in the same situations as tilia2 by streams4#ad ,from this passage we gather that the cherry ,theophrastus knew was the ,sweet ,cherry1 ,prunus avium2 the description shows it to be the same large1 tall tree now naturalized in open woods and along roadsides in many parts of the ,united ,states4 ,from the fact that ,theophrastus describes the tree and the bark in more detail than the fruit we may assume that the cherry was more esteemed in ancient ,greece as a timber-tree than as a fruit-tree4 ,curiously enough the name the ,greeks at this time used for the ,sweet ,cherry is now applied to ,prunus cerasus1 the ,sour ,cherry4 ,kerasos was the ,sweet ,cherry in ancient ,greece and from kerasos came cerasus1 used by many botanists as the name of the genus4 ,that the ,sweet ,cherry should by the use of avium be denominated the bird cherry is clear since birds show much discrimination between cherries1 but why the ,sour ,cherry should be given the specific name cerasus1 first applied to the ,sweet ,cherry1 is not apparent4 ,pages are written in the old pomologies and botanical histories as to the origin of the word cerasus4 ,pliny's statement that ,lucullus called the cherry cerasus from the town from which he obtained it1 ,kerasun in ,pontus1 on the ,black ,sea1 is1 in the light of all who have since looked into the matter1 a misconception4 ,to the contrary1 commentators now agree that the town received its name from the cherry which grows most abundantly in the forests in that part of ,asia ,minor4 ,the name1 according to all authorities1 is very ancient--a linguistic proof of the antiquity of the cherry4 ,to sum up1 the cherry comes into literature first from ,greece in the writings of ,theophrastus4 ,there can be but little doubt1 however1 but that it had been cultivated for centuries before ,theophrastus wrote4 ,whether one or both of the two cherries were domesticated by the ,greeks1 beginning with their civilization1 or whether cultivated cherries came to ,greece from ,asia ,minor1 is not now known4 ,it is very probable that some of the several varieties grown in ,greece came under cultivation through domestication of wild plants2 others were introduced from regions farther east4 #ad ,theophrastus1 ,book ,,iii1 ,chap4 #ac4 ,,the ,,sweet ,,cherry ,,possibly ,,the ,,parent ,,of ,,the ,,sour ,,cherry ,a digression may be permitted here to state a hypothesis suggested by ,de ,candolle#ae which should interest both fruit-growers and plant-breeders4 ,de ,candolle1 while considering the two species of cultivated cherries to be now quite distinct1 suggests that1 since they differ essentially but little in their characters and since their original habitats were in the same region1 it is probable that one species came from the other4 ,he surmises1 since ,prunus avium is the commoner in the original home1 is generally the more vigorous of the two1 has spread much farther and probably at a much earlier date from the primal habitation in ,asia ,minor than ,prunus cerasus1 that the latter1 the ,sour ,cherry1 is derived from the ,sweet ,cherry4 ,in the future breeding of cherries confirmatory evidence of such a relationship may be obtained though1 should none be found1 the negation should go for naught and the supposition can only remain an interesting and plausible hypothesis4 #ae ,de ,candolle1 ,alphonse ,origin of ,cultivated ,plants #baj4 #ahhe4 ,,the ,,cherry ,,in ,,italy ,pliny attempts to give the first full account of cultivated cherries and1 even though among his statements are several inaccuracies1 yet he may be said to have made a very good beginning of a flora of cultivated cherries for he names and describes ten varieties4 ,the fact that there were as many as ten cherries in ,italy at the time ,pliny wrote1 less than a century after the return of ,lucullus from ,pontus1 is strong evidence that the cherry in ,italy antedates ,lucullus4 ,besides1 it is hardly probable that ,pliny knew and described all of the cherries to be found in the whole of his country4 ,but even if these ten comprise the entire number1 those who know how extremely difficult it is to introduce new plants in a country with the facilities we have in our day1 will doubt that all of the cherries in ,pliny's account could have been introduced in ,italy #aijj years ago and have come under general cultivation1 as according to ,pliny they had1 within the short space of a century4 ,the following quotation1 then1 must be taken as an account of the cherries grown in ,italy in the first century after ,christ with little weight given to the historical evidence presented4#af ,the cherry did not exist in ,italy before the period of the victory gained over ,mithridates by ,l4 ,lucullus1 in the year of the ,city #fhj4 ,he was the first to introduce this tree from ,pontus1 and now1 in the course of one hundred and twenty years1 it has travelled beyond the ,ocean1 and arrived in ,britannia even4 ,the cherry1 as we have already stated1 in spite of every care1 has been found impossible to rear in ,egypt4 ,of this fruit1 that known as the ,apronian is the reddest variety1 the ,lutatian being the blackest1 and the ,caecilian perfectly round4 ,the ,junian cherry has an agreeable flavour1 but only1 so to say1 when eaten beneath the tree1 as they are so remarkably delicate that they will not bear carrying4 ,the highest rank1 however1 has been awarded to the ,duracinus variety1 known in ,campania as the ,plinian cherry1 and in ,belgica to the ,lusitanian cherry1 as also to one that grows on the banks of the ,rhenus4 ,this last kind has a third colour1 being a mixture of black1 red1 and green1 and has always the appearance of being just on the turn to ripening4 ,it is less than five years since the kind known as the laurel-cherry was introduced1 of a bitter but not unpleasant flavour1 the produce of a graft upon the laurel4 ,the ,macedonian cherry grows on a tree that is very small1 and rarely exceeds three cubits in height2 while the chamaecerasus is still smaller1 being but a mere shrub4 ,the cherry is one of the first trees to recompense the cultivator with its yearly growth2 it loves cold localities and a site exposed to the north4 ,the fruits are sometimes dried in the sun1 and preserved1 like olives1 in casks4 ,how are the cherries described in the passage from ,pliny related to those of modern culture8 ,a score or more of commentators have tried to tell but when the comments are compared ,pliny's disorder becomes confusion worse confounded4 ,here1 as in his historical statements1 ,pliny seems to have prepared the ground for a fine crop of misunderstandings4 ,the speculations as to what particular cherry each of the descriptions fits quickly show the futility of specification4 ,a few generalizations only are warranted4 ,thus1 if we assume1 as most commentators do1 that ,apronian1 the first of ,pliny's varieties1 was named after ,apronius1 a ,roman praetor of ,pliny's day1 there is nothing to indicate the character of the cherry except the word reddest which means but little for it is no more possible to distinguish cherries by redness than by its blackness to tell a pot from a kettle4 ,it is as impossible to distinguish the second variety as the first4 ,the name given is ,lutatian1 the variety having been dedicated1 as all commentators agree1 to ,lutatius ,catulus1 a contemporary of ,lucullus1 revered by ,romans for having rebuilt the capitol after it had been destroyed by fire4 ,it is described as being the blackest but whether ,prunus avium or ,prunus cerasus1 sweet or sour1 who can tell8 ,the third variety is called the ,caecilian cherry1 which we are told is perfectly round--a character possessed in like degree by many cherries4 ,the name1 on the authority of ,latin scholars1 commemorates the ,caecilius family1 rich and powerful ,romans1 friends of ,lucullus at the time he was promoting cherry culture4 ,we may be a little more certain of the identity of the fourth cherry1 called the ,junian1 and said to have been possessed of an agreeable flavor but only1 so to say1 when eaten beneath the tree1 as they are so remarkably delicate that they will not bear carrying4 ,whether the name was given in honor of the ,roman ,republican1 ,junius ,brutus1 who died #db ,a4 ,d4 or from ,junius1 the month of their ripening1 cannot be said4 ,the description1 as practically all agree1 fits very well the ,french ,guigne or ,english ,gean group of cherries4 ,it is probable that ,guigne is a perversion of ,junian4 ,there can be little question as to the cherry ,pliny next describes1 the ,duracinus variety which he says has been awarded highest rank and to which he paid the compliment of giving it his own name1 for he tells us that it is known in ,campania as the ,plinian cherry4 ,this hard-fleshed cherry of delectable quality can be no other than a ,bigarreau--some protean ,napoleon1 ,yellow ,spanish1 ,windsor or the older ,oxheart and ,elkhorn4 ,the sixth cherry is the ,lusitanian1 which1 if the translations read aright1 the ,belgians rank highest4 ,ancient ,lusitania is modern ,portugal and the ,lusitanian cherry may be the ,griotte of ,portugal grown from time immemorial in that country4 ,the identity of the variety is not so important in this passage as is the connection that ,pliny establishes in cherry culture at this early time between ,portugal1 ,italy and ,belgium4 ,by such tokens does our author cast doubt upon his statement that ,lucullus had but yesterday1 as it were1 brought the cherry from ,pontus4 ,the seventh cherry is one that grows on the banks of the ,rhenus 7,rhine71 further described as being a mixture of black1 red and green1 and of having always the appearance of being just on the turn to ripening4 ,it is useless to add another guess to those of the many commentators as to what this tri-colored cherry from the banks of the ,rhine may be4 ,the eighth description1 that of the laurel-cherry1 applies to a graft and not to a variety4 ,of it1 ,pliny says1 ,it is less than five years since the kind known as the laurel-cherry was introduced1 of a bitter1 but not unpleasant flavor1 the produce of a graft upon the laurel4 ,it is barely possible that a cherry could be made to grow on a laurel five years but it is extremely doubtful1 as all modern horticulturists who have tried it say1 and it is impossible to have such a graft bear fruit4 ,pliny was misinformed4 ,the ninth and tenth of ,pliny's cherries1 the ,macedonian and the ,chamaecerasus1 are probably one and the same1 since but one cherry that could possibly answer to the descriptions given could have been in ,italy at the time ,pliny wrote4 ,the cherry described1 then1 was almost beyond doubt ,prunus fruticosa ,pallas1 a synonym of which is ,prunus chamaecerasus ,jacquin1 perpetuating the name used by ,pliny4 ,this is the ,european ,dwarf ,cherry1 or ,ground ,cherry1 which is now and was probably then a wild plant in parts of ,italy and which is very well described by a tree that is very small1 and rarely exceeds three cubits in height4 ,we have accredited ,pliny with having first described cherries in ,italy and discredited his account of their introduction in his own country1 but chiefly on inferential evidence4 ,just a few words of direct proof that the cherry was long in cultivation by the ,romans before ,lucullus and we have done with the introduction of the cherry into ,italy and have filled another gap between ,theophrastus and our own times4 ,marcus ,terentius ,varro 7,b4 ,c4 #aag-bg71 one of the illustrious scholars of ancient ,rome1 sometimes called the father of ,roman learning1 in his eightieth year1 as he tells us in his first chapter1 wrote a book on farming--one1 which1 by the way1 may be read with profit by modern farmers4#ag ,in book #a1 chapter ,,xxxix1 he tells when to graft cherries1 discussing the process not as if it or the cherry were new or little known but as if the cherry were as commonplace as the other agricultural crops of the times4 ,varro effectually disproves ,pliny to whose mis-statement we have given so much space only because for nearly #bjjj years it has been generally accepted as the truth4 ,the gaps in the history of the cherry are long4 ,athenaeus1#ah ,tertullian1#ai ,ammianus1#bj and ,st4 ,jerome1#ba ,roman writers of the ,third and ,fourth ,centuries1 mention cherries but chiefly to repeat and perpetuate ,pliny's errors4 ,it was not until the ,sixteenth ,century--a lapse of #adjj years--that an attempt was again made to describe in full cultivated cherries4 ,sometime in this century1 ,matthiolus 7#adhg-aegg71 a ,tuscan and one of the eminent naturalists not only of ,italy but of the world in the ,middle ,ages1 in translating and annotating the medical works of the ,greek writer ,dioscorides1 made a list of the fruit-trees then grown in ,italy4 ,as the second descriptive list of cherries this contribution of ,matthiolus might be worth reprinting were it not1 as in ,pliny1 that but few of his varieties can be certainly made out4 ,he does1 however1 make a number of additions to ,pliny's list but space does not permit a consideration of these2 especially since ,gerarde1 writing less than a century later in ,english1 so well amplifies ,matthiolus that we shall print his account4 #af ,bostock and ,riley ,nat4 ,history of ,pliny #c3cbb4 #ahee4 #ag ,a very good translation of ,varro on farming is one by ,lloyd ,starr-,best1 published by ,g4 ,bell ,sons1 ,london4 #aiab4 #ah ,athenaeus ,dipnosophist ,book ,,ii1 ,chap4 ,,xxxiv-,v4 #ai ,tertullian ,apologeticum ,chap4 ,,xi4 #bj ,ammianus ,history of the ,roman ,emperors ,book #bb1 ,chap4 ,,xvi4 #ba ,st4 ,jerome ,epistulae ,book ,i1 ,letter ,,xxxv4 ,,cherries ,,in ,,the ,,sixteenth ,,century ,pliny mentions the cherry as growing in several countries and1 by reading between lines1 we may assume that cultivated cherries were distributed throughout all parts of ,europe where agriculture was practiced1 by ,christ's time or shortly thereafter4 ,pliny speaks of the cherry in some connection with ,england1 ,germany1 ,belgium and ,portugal4 ,surely we may assume that the cherry was being grown at the same time in at least the countries in ,europe which are between or border on those named4 ,but from ,pliny to the ,sixteenth ,century the current of progress in cherry culture was immeasurably slow4 ,in the intervening #afjj years not a score of new cherries were brought under cultivation4 ,attention was probably given during these dark ages to this and to all fruits as species and as divisions of species which came nearly or quite true to seed4 ,it was only in the refinements of horticulture and botany brought about by the herbalists that true horticultural varieties came into common cultivation4 ,thus1 the first of the ,german herbals1 the ,herbarius1 printed at ,mainz in #adia1 does not describe or even name varieties of cherries but groups them in the two species as ,sweets and ,sours1 the statement running3#bb ,the cherries are some sweet1 some sour1 like the wild apple2 the sours bring to the stomach gas and make the mouth fresh 7frisch71 those too sweet or too sour are of little use4 ,a wood-cut in this old herbal illustrates a ,sour ,cherry4 ,according to ,mller1#bc not until #aefi did the ,germans attempt to give names to varieties1 when1 in a medical herbal1 the ,gart der ,gesundheit1 cherries were roughly divided into four groups3 7#a7 ,the ,amarellen1 sour1 dark red cherries with long stems4 7#b7 ,the ,weichselkirschen1 red cherries with white juice and short stems4 7#c7 ,the ,ssskirschen1 red or black ,sweet ,cherries with long stems4 7#d7 ,beside these yet more distinguished by their shape and the province in which they are grown4 ,not until well into the ,eighteenth ,century do the ,germans seem to have given names to more than a few of the most distinct varieties of cherries4 ,yet the cherry was more largely cultivated in ,germany1 one1 two1 or three centuries ago1 as it is now1 than in any other ,european country4 ,this1 one readily gleans from what has been written on cherries in different countries and from the acknowledgments of foreign pomologists to those of ,germany for most of what has been printed regarding cherries4 ,not only has the cherry been a favorite orchard plant in ,germany but since the ,sixteenth ,century it has been largely planted along the public roads4 ,of cherries on the continent1 for this brief history1 nothing more need be said4 ,most of the varieties that have been imported from ,europe to ,america have come from ,england and we must1 therefore1 devote rather more attention to the history of the cherry in ,england than in other ,european countries4 #bb ,quoted from ,mller1 ,hugo ,m4 ,obstzchter #h3c4 #aiaj4 #bc ,ibid4 ,,cherries ,,in ,,england ,cultivated cherries came to ,england with the ,romans4 ,prunus avium is indigenous in ,great ,britain but probably no care worthy the name cultivation was given these wild trees by the ancient ,britons4 ,pliny states that the cherry was carried from ,rome to ,britain before the middle of the ,first ,century--meaning probably some improved variety4 ,in no part of the world does the cherry take more kindly to the soil than in ,england and no doubt this fruit became firmly established in ,kent1 where the ,romans settled1 before the downfall of the southern invaders4 ,with the expulsion of the ,romans and the subsequent influx of barbarians1 agriculture1 especially gardening and fruit-growing1 became almost a lost art but still it is not probable that the cherry was wholly lost to cultivation during the ,teutonic invasions of ,britain4 ,fruit-growing could not have greatly prospered1 however1 in the centuries of strife with the barbarians which succeeded ,roman rule in ,england2 and a revival of cherry culture did not take place until the reintroduction of ,christianity and the establishment of monasteries where1 undisturbed by wars1 the monks became notable horticulturists4 ,they not only had opportunity in the comparative peace in which their lives were cast to grow fruit but many of them were men of superior intelligence and skill and from intercourse with the continental countries learned what plants were worth growing and how to grow them--the monasteries were the experiment stations of the times4 ,undoubtedly the monks in bringing to ,england treasures from the continent did not forget fruits and among them cherries4 ,passing by a considerable number of references which could be cited to show that cherries of one kind and another were cultivated in ,britain from at least as early a date as the ,ninth ,century1 we come to the discussion of this fruit by the herbalists of the ,sixteenth and ,seventeenth ,centuries4 ,of the three great ,english herbalists1 ,turner published his work in #aech2 ,gerarde's1 printed in #aeif1 was revised and greatly improved by ,johnson in #afcc2 ,parkinson's ,paradisi in ,sole ,paradisus ,terrestris1 or ,park-in-,suns ,earthly ,paradise--the author evidently a punster--was published in #afbi4 ,all of these contain as full botanical and pomological discussions of cherries as knowledge then permitted4 ,it must not be thought1 by those unacquainted with the plant-lore of the times1 that the cherry received consideration only from the pens of ,turner1 ,gerarde1 and ,parkinson4 ,during the time covered by the lives of these three men a score or more of books were written in ,english on botany and pomology in which accounts were given of the cherry1 all showing the esteem in which this fruit was held in ,england during and before the reign of ,queen ,elizabeth4 ,space permits comments on the account of the cherry given by but one of these ,elizabethan herbalists1 and of the several ,gerarde's seems best suited to our purpose4 ,we have chosen ,gerarde because he treats the cherry more fully than do the other writers of the period and because he was a compiler and a translator1 having1 as he quaintly says1 perused divers ,herbals set fourth in other languages2 thus from ,gerarde we obtain a conception of cherries growing on the continent as well as those growing in ,england4 ,students of the ,english herbals say that ,gerarde translated1 copied and adapted from ,matthiolus1 whose book we have noted1 but more particularly from ,dodoens who in #aeed published in ,antwerp ,a ,history of ,plants4 ,these two worthies1 in turn1 had borrowed very freely from still more ancient writers--,theophrastus1 ,dioscorides1 ,columella and others4 ,as might be suspected1 errors centuries old were passed down1 yet each new translation or compilation contains much added information and is far freer from error4 ,in particular1 ,gerarde seems to have been a wise compiler and adapter and to have combined a large measure of first-hand practical knowledge with his borrowings from others4 ,this is especially true of what he writes concerning cherries1 a fruit with which he seems to have been very familiar4 ,the following is ,gerarde's account1 with interpolations by the author3 ,the ancient ,herbalists have set down four kinds of ,cherry trees2 the first is great and wild1 the second tame or of the garden1 the third hath sour fruit1 the fourth is that which is called in ,latin ,chamaecerasus1 or the dwarfe ,cherry tree4 ,the later writers have found divers sorts more1 some bringing forth great fruit1 others lesser2 some with white fruit1 some with blacke1 others of the colour of black bloud1 varying infinitely according to the clymat and country where they grow4 ,the four cherries which ,gerarde says the ancient herbalists have set down are1 it is easy to see3 first1 the wild ,prunus avium2 second1 cultivated sweet varieties of ,prunus avium2 third1 the sour ,prunus cerasus2 fourth1 the ,dwarf ,cherry1 ,prunus fruticosa4 ,the ,english ,cherry tree groweth to a high and great tree1 the body whereof is of a mean bignesse1 which is parted above into very many boughes1 with a barke somewhat smooth1 of a brown crimson colour1 tough and pliable2 the substance or timber is also brown in the middle1 and the outer part is somewhat white3 the leaves be great1 broad1 long1 set with veins or nerves1 and sleightly nicked about the edges3 the floures are white1 of a mean bigness1 consisting of five leaves1 and having certain threds in the middle of the like colour4 ,the ,cherries be round1 hanging upon long stems or footstalks1 with a stone in the middest which is covered with a pulp or soft meat2 the kernell thereof is not unpleasant to the taste1 though somewhat bitter4 ,this is ,prunus avium1 which is very generally wild in ,britain--the ,gean of the ,english4 ,the ,flanders ,cherry tree differeth not from our ,english ,cherry tree in ,stature or form of leaves or floures1 the only difference is1 that this tree brings forth his fruit sooner and greater than the other1 wherefore it may be called in ,latine1 ,cerasus praecox1 sive ,belgica4 ,a cherry which brings forth his fruit sooner and greater than the other can be no other than one of the early varieties of the ,sweet ,cherry4 ,the ,spanish ,cherry tree groweth up to the height of our common ,cherry tree1 the wood or timber is soft and loose1 covered with a whitish scaly barke1 the branches are knotty1 greater and fuller of substance than any other ,cherry tree2 the leaves are likewise greater and longer than any of the rest1 in shape like those of the ,chestnut tree3 the floures are like the others in form1 but whiter of colour2 the fruit is greater and longer than any1 white for the most part all over1 except those that stand in the hottest place where the sun hath some reflexion against a wall3 they are also white within1 and of a pleasant taste4 ,we have in this description a very good pen picture of ,yellow ,spanish1 one of the ,bigarreaus1 of which there must have been several in common cultivation in ,gerarde's time4 ,the ,gascoin ,cherry tree groweth very like to the ,spanish ,cherry tree in stature1 flours and leaves3 it differeth in that it bringeth forth very great ,cherries1 long1 sharp pointed1 with a certain hollownesse upon one side1 and spotted here and there with certain prickles of purple color as smal as sand4 ,the taste is most pleasant1 and excelleth in beauty4 ,gascoin1 sometimes ,gaskin in ,england1 is a corruption of ,gascoigne1 a name applied by the ,french to cherries produced in ,gascony and said to have been brought to ,england by ,joan of ,kent when her husband1 the ,black ,prince1 was commanding in ,guienne and ,gascony4 ,the variety is a very good ,sweet ,cherry1 no doubt the one described in this text under the name ,bleeding ,heart4 ,the late ripe ,cherry tree groweth up like unto our wild ,english ,cherry tree1 with the like leaves1 branches and floures1 saving that they are sometimes once doubled2 the fruit is small1 round1 and of a darke bloudy colour when they be ripe1 which the ,frenchmen gather with their stalkes1 and hang them up in their houses in bunches or handfulls against ,winter1 which the ,physitions do give unto their patients in hot and burning fevers1 being first steeped in a little warme water1 that causeth them to swell and plumpe as full and fresh as when they did grow upon the tree4 ,the ,cluster ,cherry tree differeth not from the last described either in leaves1 branches1 or stature3 the floures are also like1 but never commeth any one of them to be double4 ,the fruit is round1 red when they be ripe1 and many growing upon one stem or foot-stalke in clusters1 like as the ,grapes do4 ,the taste is not unpleasant although somewhat soure4 ,these two cherries1 one sees at once1 are varieties of ,prunus cerasus4 ,the first1 ,gerarde identifies for us on a succeeding page as the ,morello4 ,he says of it3 ,the late ripe cherries which the ,frenchmen keepe dried against the winter1 and are by them called ,morelle1 and wee after the same name call them ,morell ,cherries4 ,this ,cherrie-tree with double floures growes up unto a small tree1 not unlike to the common ,cherrie-tree in each respect1 saving that the floures are somewhat double1 that is to say1 three or foure times double2 after which commeth fruit 7though in small quantitie7 like the other common ,cherry4 ,the double floured ,cherry-tree growes up like unto an hedge bush1 but not so great nor high as any of the others1 the leaves and branches differ not from the rest of the ,cherry-tree4 ,the floures hereof are exceeding double1 as are the flours of ,marigolds1 but of a white colour1 and smelling somewhat like the ,hawthorne floures2 after which come seldome or never any fruit1 although some ,authors have said that it beareth sometimes fruit1 which my selfe have not at any time seen2 notwithstanding the tree hath growne in my ,garden many yeeres1 and that in an excellent good place by a bricke wall1 where it hath the reflection of the ,south ,sunne1 fit for a tree that is not willing to beare fruit in our cold climat4 ,these two are double-flowered cherries1 several of which seem to have been grown as ornamentals4 ,both belong to ,prunus cerasus and as we gather rather better elsewhere than here1 both are of the ,amarelle type of tree4 ,the ,birds ,cherry-tree1 or the blacke ,cherry-tree1 that bringeth forth very much fruit upon one branch 7which better may be understood by sight of the figure1 than by words7 springeth up like an ,hedge tree of small stature1 it groweth in the wilde woods of ,kent1 and are there used for stockes to graft other ,cherries upon1 of better tast1 and more profit1 as especially those called the ,flanders ,cherries3 this wilde tree growes very plentifully in the ,north of ,england1 especially at a place called ,heggdale1 neere unto ,rosgill in ,westmerland1 and in divers other places about ,crosbie ,ravenswaith1 and there called ,hegberrie-tree3 it groweth likewise in ,martome ,parke1 foure miles from ,blackeburne1 and in ,harward neere thereunto2 in ,lancashire almost in every hedge2 the leaves and branches differ not from those of the wilde ,cherry-tree3 the floures grow alongst the small branches1 consisting of five small white leaves1 with some greenish and yellow thrums in the middle3 after which come the fruit1 greene at the first1 blacke when they be ripe1 and of the bignesse of ,sloes2 of an harsh and unpleasant taste4 ,the other birds ,cherry-tree differeth not from the former in any respect1 but in the colour of the berries2 for as they are blacke2 so on the contrary1 these are red when they be ripe1 wherein they differ4 ,the cherries described in these two paragraphs1 one black and one red1 that bringeth forth very much fruit upon one branch and groweth in the wilde woods and of an harsh and unpleasant taste are of course the ,prunus padus of ,britain and most of ,europe--not a true cherry but the racemose ,bird ,cherry1 or ,choke ,cherry4 ,the common blacke ,cherry-tree growes up in some places to great stature3 there is no difference between it and our common ,cherry-tree1 saving that the fruit hereof is very little in respect of other ,cherries1 and of a blacke colour4 ,this must be some wild ,gean or ,mazzard4 ,the dwarfe ,cherry-tree groweth very seldome to the height of three cubits3 the trunke or body small1 covered with a darke coloured blacke3 whereupon do grow very limber and pliant twiggie branches3 the leaves are very small1 not much unlike to those of the ,privite bush3 the floures are small and white3 after which come ,cherries of a deepe red colour when they be ripe1 of taste somewhat sharpe1 but not greatly unpleasant3 the branches laid downe in the earth1 quickely take root1 whereby it is greatly increased4 ,here we have ,prunus fruticosa very well described4 ,my selfe with divers others have sundry other sorts in our gardens1 one called the ,hart ,cherry1 the greater and the lesser2 one of the great bignesse1 and most pleasant in taste1 which we call ,luke ,wardes ,cherry1 because he was the first that brought the same out of ,italy2 another we have called the ,naples ,cherry1 because it was first brought into these parts from ,naples3 the fruit is very great1 sharpe pointed1 somewhat like a man's heart in shape1 of a pleasant taste1 and of a deepe blackish colour when it is ripe1 as it were of the colour of dried bloud4 ,gerarde's ,hart is probably one of the ,heart cherries1 while ,luke ,wardes ,cherry is one of the oldest named ,sweet ,cherries known in ,england1 having been mentioned by ,parkinson and other of the herbalists as well as in this list4 ,we have another that bringeth forth ,cherries also very great1 bigger than any ,flanders ,cherrie1 of the colour of ,jet1 or burnished horn1 and of a most pleasant taste1 as witnesseth ,mr4 ,bull1 the ,queenes ,majesties ,clockmaker1 who did taste of the fruit 7the tree bearing onely one cherry1 which he did eat2 but my selfe never tasted of it7 at the impression hereof4 ,we have also another1 called the ,agriot ,cherry1 of a reasonable good taste4 ,another we have with fruit of a dun colour1 tending to a watchet4 ,we have one of the ,dwarfe ,cherries1 that bringeth forth fruit as great as most of our ,flanders ,cherries1 whereas the common sort hath very small ,cherries1 and those of an harsh taste4 ,these and many sorts more we have in our ,london gardens1 whereof to write particularly would greatly enlarge our volume1 and to small purpose3 therefore1 what hath beene said shall suffice4 ,i must here 7as ,i have formerly done1 in ,peares1 ,apples1 and other such fruites7 refer you to my two friends1 ,mr4 ,john ,parkinson1 and ,mr4 ,john ,millen1 the one to furnish you with the history1 and the other with the things themselves1 if you desire them4 ,one can only roughly surmise as to what the cherries mentioned in this paragraph are with the exception of the ,agriot which is1 if the synonymy of several ,european pomologists be correct1 the ,griotte ,commune1 a sort supposed to have been brought from ,syria by the crusaders and to have been recorded under the last name in ,france as early as #adhe4 ,the end of the ,seventeenth ,century saw a great revival of agriculture in all of its branches on the continent2 in ,england the revival began with the fall of the commonwealth4 ,from this time the progress of cherry culture has been so rapid and so great that it would be an endless task to give even a cursory view of it--a task unnecessary1 too1 for succeeding the herbalists a great number of botanies1 pomologies and works on agriculture were published to many of which reference is still easy4 ,moreover1 the histories of varieties in this text carry us back quite to the beginning of the ,eighteenth ,century4 ,there now remains for the history of the cherry but to sketch its introduction and culture in ,north ,america1 an undertaking that can be done briefly and to the point1 for the data are abundant1 recent and reliable4 ,here1 too1 accounts of the origin of varieties and the development of the cherry may be looked for in the chapters which comprise the main part of the book4 ,,cherries ,,in ,,america ,the cherry was one of the first fruits planted in the fields cleared and enriched by our hardy ,american ancestry4 ,from ,canada to ,florida the colonists1 though of several nationalities and those from one nation often representing several quite distinct classes1 were forced alike to turn at once to the cultivation of the soil as a means of subsistence4 ,and while in all of the colonies the early settlers must have been busily engaged in the cultivation of cereals for the staff of life1 in the ,south in growing cotton and tobacco for money and for purposes of barter1 in the ,north in harvesting forest and fish products for bartering2 yet the historians of the colonies notice so often and describe so fully and with such warmth of feeling the vegetables1 flowers and fruits in the orchards and gardens of the ,new ,world that it is certain that the ground was tilled not only as a means of subsistence but because the tillers loved the luxuries of the land4 ,what fruit better adapted to the uses of colonists than the cherry8 ,it possesses in a high degree1 especially the ,sour ,cherry1 the power of adaptation to new environment and thrives under a greater variety of conditions than any other of our fruits unless it be the apple1 which it at least equals in this respect4 ,the cherry is easily propagated2 it comes in bearing early and bears regularly2 of all fruits it requires least care--gives the greatest returns under neglect2 and the product is delectable and adapted to many purposes4 ,we shall expect1 then1 in examining the early records of fruit-growing in ,america to find the cherry one of the first planted and one of the most widely disseminated of fruits4 ,,cherries ,,planted ,,by ,,the ,,french ,,in ,,america ,while written records are lacking1 the plantations of old trees and the development of cherry culture indicate that the ,french early planted cherries in ,nova ,scotia1 ,cape ,breton1 ,prince ,edward ,island and in the early settlements on the ,st4 ,lawrence ,river4 ,the cherry is a favorite fruit of the ,french and the venerable trees that survived on the sites of their settlements when the ,english came into possession of ,canada are proof sufficient that the migrs from ,provence or ,normandy1 fruit districts of ,france from which many ,french settlers came1 brought with them seeds of the cherry with those of other fruits4 ,peter ,kalm in his ,travels into ,north ,america in #agga1bd records the very general culture of all the hardy fruits in ,canada and leaves the impression that such had been the case from the first settlements4 #bd ,kalm1 ,peter ,travels into ,north ,america #agga4 ,,cherries ,,in ,,new ,,england ,the cherry came to ,new ,england with the first settlers4 ,this we are told in all the records of early ,new ,england in which the conditions of the country are described and of it we have confirmatory proof in many enormous cherry trees1 ,sweet and ,sour1 both about ancient habitations and as escapes from cultivation in woods1 fields and fence rows1 all pointing to the early cultivation of this fruit4 ,the early records are very specific4 ,thus1 to quote a few out of an embarrassment of references3 ,francis ,higginson writing in #afbi1 after naming the several other fruits then under cultivation in ,massachusetts1 notes that the ,red ,kentish is the only cherry cultivated4#be ,in the same year1 the #afth of ,march1 #afbi1 a memorandum of the ,massachusetts ,company shows that ,stones of all sorts of fruites1 as peaches1 plums1 filberts1 cherries1 pear1 aple1 quince kernells were to be sent to ,new ,england4#bf ,these seeds1 provided by the home company with forethought of the need of orchards in the colony1 evidently produced fruit trees sufficient to supply both hunger and thirst2 for ,john ,josselyn1 who made voyages to ,new ,england in #afch1 #afci and #affc1 writing of ,new ,england's ,rarities ,discovered1 says3#bg ,our fruit ,trees prosper abundantly1 ,apple-trees1 ,pear-trees1 ,quince-trees1 ,cherry-trees1 ,plum-trees1 ,barberry-trees4 ,i have observed with admiration1 that the ,kernels sown or the ,succors planted produce as fair and good fruit1 without grafting1 as the tree from whence they were taken3 the ,countrey is replenished with fair and large ,orchards4 ,it was affirmed by one ,mr4 ,woolcut 7a magistrate in ,connecticut ,colony7 at the ,captains ,messe 7of which ,i was7 aboard the ,ship ,i came home in1 that he made ,five hundred ,hogsheads of ,syder out of his own ,orchard in one year4 ,syder is very plentiful in the ,countrey1 ordinarily sold for ten shillings a ,hogshead4 ,the ,quinces1 ,cherries1 ,damsons1 set the ,dames a work1 ,marmalad and preserved ,damsons are to be met with in every house4 ,it was not long before ,i left the ,countrey that ,i made ,cherry wine1 and so may others1 for there are good store of them both red and black4 ,their fruit trees are subject to two diseases1 the ,meazels1 which is when they are burned and scorched with the ,sun1 and lowsiness1 when the woodpeckers jab holes in their bark3 the way to cure them when they are lowsie is to bore a hole in the main root with an ,augur1 and pour in a quantity of ,brandie or ,rhum1 and then stop it up with a pin made of the same ,tree4 ,as early as #afda1 a nursery had been started in ,massachusetts and was selling among other trees those of the cherry4 ,troublesome pests had made their appearance1 too1 as may be seen from the following letter1 probably from the first ,american nurseryman4 ,the letter is written by ,george ,fenwith of ,saybrook1 ,connecticut1 under date of ,may #f1 #afda1bh to ,governor ,john ,winthrop1 ,jr4 ,i haue receaued the trees yow sent me1 for which ,i hartily thanke yow4 ,if ,i had any thing heare that could pleasure yow1 yow should frely command it4 ,i am prettie well storred with chirrie peach trees1 did hope ,i had had a good nurserie of aples1 of the aples yow sent me last yeare1 but the wormes have in a manner distroyed them all as they came vp4 ,i pray informe me if yow know any way to preuent the like mischiefe for the future4 ,these early plantations of cherries in ,new ,england were undoubtedly grown from seed2 for buds1 cions and trees could not have been imported unless the latter were brought over potted out as was not commonly done until a century and a half later--at least1 the records make mention of seeds and not of trees as was the case just before and after the ,revolutionary ,war4 ,a statement left by one of the ,chief ,justices of ,massachusetts1 ,paul ,dudley1 living at ,roxbury1 at as late a date as #agbf1 indicates that varieties were few4 ,in a paper in the ,philosophical ,transactions#bi on agricultural conditions in ,massachusetts1 among many other interesting things1 ,justice ,dudley says3 ,our apples are without doubt as good as those of ,england1 and much fairer to look to1 and so are the pears1 but we have not got all the sorts4 ,our peaches do rather excel those of ,england1 and then we have not the trouble or expence of walls for them2 for our peach trees are all standards1 and ,i have had in my own garden seven or eight hundred fine peaches of the ,rare-ripes1 growing at a time on one tree4 ,our people1 of late years1 have run so much upon orchards1 that in a village near ,boston1 consisting of about forty families1 they made near three thousand barrels of cyder4 ,this was in the year #agba4 ,and in another town of two hundred families1 in the same year ,i am credibly informed they made near ten thousand barrels4 ,our peach trees are large and fruitful1 and bear commonly in three years from the stone4 ,our common cherries are not so good as the ,kentish cherries of ,england1 and we have no ,dukes or ,heart cherries1 unless in two or three gardens4 #be ,mass4 ,hist4 ,soc4 ,collections #ast ,ser4 ,i3#aah4 #bf ,mass4 ,records ,i3#bd4 #bg ,mass4 ,hist4 ,collections #c;d ,ser4 #bc3ccg4 #bh ,mass4 ,hist4 ,collections #dth ,ser4 ,,vi3#dii4 #bi ,abridgment #f3pt4 ,,ii3#cda1 in ,hist4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #ad-ae4 #ahbi-ahgh4 ,,cherries ,,in ,,new ,,york ,though settled at about the same time and having a more congenial climate1 ,new ,york made progress in fruit-growing more slowly than ,massachusetts4 ,the early ,dutch settlers in ,new ,york were transient traders and not home makers4 ,actual settlement with homes in view did not begin until after the historical bargain in which thrifty ,peter ,minuit had acquired ,manhattan ,island for #bd4jj and the country became ,new ,amsterdam4 ,but troublesome times followed under the rule of ,minuit1 ,wouter ,van ,twiller and ,kieft1 quarrels and actual war1 or the fear of it1 with colonists to the north and south as well as with the savages1 preventing the planting of orchards and farms until in #afdg when the reins of government were taken in hand by ,peter ,stuyvesant4 ,governor ,stuyvesant was a farmer as well as a soldier and there is something in history and much in tradition of the ,bowery ,farm1 which flourished on the site of the present ,bowery in ,new ,york4 ,this farm was planted and tended by ,peter1 the ,headstrong when he was not disputing with his burgomasters1 watching the ,yankees and fighting ,swedes and ,indians4 ,the orchards and gardens1 according to all accounts1 were remarkably fine and were kept in a high state of cultivation4 ,stuyvesant founded the farm during the stormy times of his governorship but did not live on it until the ,english took possession of ,new ,amsterdam in #affd when he retired to the land and devoted the eighteen remaining years of his life to agriculture4 ,from the neighboring colonies and from abroad he brought many fruits1 flowers1 farm and truck crops4 ,fruits came to him also from ,holland and were disseminated from his orchard up the ,hudson4 ,the cherry was one of the fruits much grown by the ,dutch4 ,it would be wearisome and would serve little purpose even to attempt a cursory review of the literature of colonial days in ,new ,york showing the spread and the extent of fruit culture by the ,dutch4 ,travel up the ,hudson and its branches was easy and within a century after the settlement of ,new ,york by the ,dutch1 cherries were not only cultivated by the whites1 according to the records of travelers1 naturalists and missionaries1 but were rudely tilled by the ,indians4 ,for a long time after its introduction in ,new ,york1 the cherry1 in common with other fruits1 was grown as a species--varieties and budded or grafted trees were probably not known4 ,fruit-growing as an industry began in ,new ,york and in ,america1 with the establishment of a nursery at ,flushing1 ,long ,island1 in #agcj1 by ,robert ,prince1 founder of the nursery which afterwards became the famous ,linnan ,botanic ,garden4 ,at what date this nursery began to offer named cherries for sale cannot be said but advertisements appearing in #agfg1 #aggd and #agid show that budded or grafted named cherries were being offered for sale by the ,princes4 ,in #ahjd1 ,william ,prince1 third proprietor of the famous ,flushing nursery1 prepared a list of the named cherries then under cultivation in ,america for ,willich's ,domestic ,encyclopaedia1 an ,english work which was being edited and made applicable to the present situation of the ,united ,states by ,dr4 ,james ,mease4 ,the following is ,prince's list3#cj ,may ,duke1 ripe in ,may and ,june3 long stem1 round and red1 an excellent cherry1 and bears well4 ,black ,heart1 ripe in ,june3 a fine cherry4 ,white ,heart 7or ,sugar ,cherry7 ripe in ,june3 white and red4 ,bleeding ,heart1 ripe in ,june2 a very large cherry of a long form and dark colour2 it has a pleasant taste4 ,ox ,heart1 ripe in ,june3 a large1 firm1 fine cherry4 ,spanish ,heart1 ripe in ,june4 ,carnation1 ripe in ,july1 it takes its name from its colour1 being red and white1 a large round cherry1 but not very sweet4 ,amber1 ripe in ,july4 ,red ,heart1 do4 ,late ,duke1 do4 ,cluster1 planted more for ornament1 or curiosity than any other purpose4 ,double ,blossoms1 ripe in ,july4 ,honey ,cherry1 do4 small sweet cherry4 ,kentish cherry1 ripe in ,july4 ,mazarine1 do4 ,morello1 do4 and ,august2 a red1 acid cherry1 the best for preserving1 and for making cherry-brandy4 ,early ,richmond ,cherry4 ,this fruit originated near ,richmond in ,virginia1 and is the earliest cherry in ,america1 and valuable on that account2 it is the size of a ,may ,duke1 and resembles it in form4 ,red ,bigereau1 a very fine cherry1 ripe in ,july1 of a heart shape4 ,white ,bigereau1 ripe in ,july and ,august3 remarkably firm1 heart shaped4 ,large ,double ,flowering ,cherry4 ,this tree produces no fruit but makes a handsome appearance in the spring1 when it is covered with clusters of double flowers as large as the cinnamon rose2 it differs from the common double flowering cherry which never forms a large tree1 and has small pointed leaves4 ,the three last were imported from ,bordeaux in #agih4 ,small ,morello ,cherry1 called also ,salem ,cherry1 because it came originally from ,salem ,county1 ,n4 ,j41 is cultivated by ,mr4 ,cooper of that state1 who values it highly4 ,the fruit has a lively acid taste4 ,the tree produces abundantly1 and is the least subject to worms of any cherry trees4 ,mr4 ,c4 says that the ,bleeding ,heart suits a sandy soil1 but that the ,may-duke will not flourish in it4 #cj ,willich ,domestic ,encyclopaedia #aje4 #ahjd4 ,,cherries ,,in ,,the ,,south ,it would be interesting but hardly of sufficient profit to trace further the history of cultivated cherries in the states of the ,atlantic seaboard4 ,references to the cherry abound in the colonial records of ,pennsylvania1 ,new ,jersey and ,delaware but they bring out no facts differing materially from those abstracted from the records of the northern colonies4 ,the ,quakers and the ,swedes in the states watered by the ,delaware and the ,english in ,maryland1 ,virginia and ,north ,carolina1 all early grew cherries as one of the easiest fruits to propagate and cultivate4 ,space can be spared for but two brief quotations to show the condition of cherry culture in the ,south in ,colonial days4 ,the first is from ,bruce's ,economic ,history of ,virginia4#ca ,in the closing years of the seventeenth century1 there were few plantations in ,virginia which did not possess orchards of apple and peach trees1 pear1 plum1 apricot and quince4#cb ,the number of trees was often very large4 ,the orchard of ,robert ,hide of ,york#cc contained three hundred peach and three hundred apple trees4 ,there were twenty-five hundred apple trees in the orchard of ,colonel ,fitzhugh4#cd ,each species of fruit was represented by many varieties2 thus1 of the apple1 there were mains1 pippins1 russentens1 costards1 marigolds1 kings1 magitens and bachelors2 of the pear1 bergamy and warden4 ,the quince was greater in size1 but less acidulated than the ,english quince2 on the other hand1 the apricot and plum were inferior in quality to the ,english1 not ripening in the same perfection4#ce ,cherries grew in notable abundance4 ,so great was the productive capacity of the peach that some of the landowners planted orchards of the tree for the mere purpose of using the fruit to fatten their hogs2#cf on some plantations1 as many as forty bushels are said to have been knocked down to the swine in the course of a single season4#cg ,the second quotation is from ,lawson's ,history of ,carolina4#ch ,we have the common1 red and black cherry1 which bear well4 ,i never saw any grafted in this country1 the common excepted1 which was grafted on an indian plum stock1 and bore well4 ,this is a good way1 because our common cherry trees are very apt to put scions all around the tree for a great distance1 which must needs be prejudicial to the tree and fruit4 ,not only our cherries are apt to do so1 but our apples and most other fruit trees1 which may chiefly be imputed to the negligence and unskillfulness of the gardner4 ,our cherries are ripe a month sooner than in ,virginia4 #ca ,bruce ,economic ,history of ,virginia #a3dfh4 #ahie4 #cb ,glover ,philo4 ,trans4 ,royal ,soc4 #afgf-afgh1 vols4 ,,xi-,,xii1 p4 #fbh4 #cc ,records of ,york ,county vol4 #afid-afig1 p4 #ga1 ,va4 ,state ,library4 #cd ,letters of ,william ,fitzhugh ,april #bb1 #afhf4 #ce ,glover ,philo4 ,trans4 ,royal ,soc4 #afgf-afgh1 vols4 ,,xi-,,xii1 p4 #fbh4 #cf ,beverley ,history of ,virginia p4 #bfj4 #cg ,glover ,philo4 ,trans4 ,royal ,soc4 #afgf-afgh1 vols4 ,,xi-,,xii1 p4 #fbh4 #ch ,lawson ,history of ,carolina #ahc4 #agad4 7,reprint of #ahfj47 ,,cherries ,,in ,,the ,,middle ,,west ,at a surprisingly early date the cherry1 with the apple1 peach1 pear and plum1 was being grown far inland in the ,new ,world4 ,southeastern ,michigan was settled in #agja at ,detroit and within a half-century settlements had been made at ,vincennes1 ,indiana2 ,kaskaskia and ,cahokia1 ,illinois2 and at ,saint ,louis and several other points in ,missouri4 ,the orchards and gardens of the early ,french settlers in these states live in the traditions of all the settlements2 but much more substantial evidence was to be found a century ago1 and in the case of the apple and pear may still be found1 in the venerable trees of all the tree-fruit in and about these old ,french posts4 ,the homes of these pioneers1 so good an authority as ,parkman tells us1 were generally placed in gardens surrounded by fruit trees of apples1 pears1 cherries and peaches4 ,were proof lacking of these early plantations1 it might be assumed that people so fond of horticulture as the ,french would not long be unmindful of the value to themselves and their posterity of plantations of fruit trees4 ,,cherries ,,on ,,the ,,pacific ,,coast ,the history of the cherry in ,america is not complete without some mention of its introduction1 culture and the development of new varieties on the ,pacific coast4 ,indeed1 it is not too much to say that at no time nor at any place in its whole history has the cherry made greater advancement than during the last half-century in ,oregon1 ,california and ,washington--naming the states in order of their contribution to cherry culture4 ,at about the time the colonies were beginning their struggle with the mother country for independence1 ,franciscan monks were establishing missions in ,california4 ,to these they brought seeds of fruits1 grains1 flowers and vegetables1 as several historians of the missions tell us1 and as the trees found by ,americans a few decades later make certain as regards fruits4 ,it is probable that by the close of the ,revolutionary war all subtropical and temperate fruits of ,europe were to be found cultivated in the missions of ,california4 ,among these1 in an enumeration of the products of the missions1 the cherry is listed by ,e4 ,s4 ,capson4#ci ,from its introduction at approximately the close of the ,eighteenth ,century1 the cherry continued to be cultivated1 at times more or less sparsely to be sure1 until1 by conquest in the war with ,mexico1 ,california passed into the possession of the ,united ,states4 ,a new era in horticulture began in ,california soon after the influx of gold-seekers in #ahdi1 some of whom1 noting the opportunities of fruit-growing1 at once began the importation of seeds and plants4 ,modern fruit-growing on the ,pacific ,coast1 however1 began in ,oregon4 ,the ,california ,argonauts of '#di were much too busily engaged in digging gold to think of getting it indirectly by tilling the soil1 whereas the men who were then crossing the plains from ,missouri or sailing around the ,horn from ,new ,england to ,oregon were home-makers and true tillers of the soil4 ,these early ,oregonians were the forerunners in the zeal and enterprise which have made horticulture on this coast the marvel of modern agriculture4 ,but one of the several early horticulturists of ,oregon can be mentioned here1 he deserving special mention by virtue of his work with cherries4 ,until #ahdg the few cultivated fruits to be found in ,oregon were seedlings mostly grown by employees of the ,hudson ,bay ,fur ,company4 ,in that year there was a notable importation of cultivated fruits across the plains--a venture which quickly proved pregnant with results in fruit harvests which have not ceased and give promise long to continue4 ,henderson ,lewelling crossed the plains from ,henry ,county1 ,iowa1 and brought with him a choice selection of grafted fruits4 ,these he transported in boxes of soil which he hauled in a wagon drawn by oxen4 ,arriving in ,oregon late in the fall of #ahdg he found that he had #cjj trees alive which he planted at what is now ,milwaukee1 a few miles south of ,portland on the east side of the ,willamette ,river4 ,later1 seeds were brought for stocks1 though for the cherry the wild species1 ,prunus emarginata and ,prunus virginiana1 were used and very successfully1 until ,mazzard and ,mahaleb seeds could be obtained4 ,in this travelling nursery1 ,lewelling brought to ,oregon cherries of the ,bigarreau1 the ,english ,morello and probably of several other types4 ,the label of one of the cherries was lost and this unknown was renamed ,royal ,ann4 ,unfortunately1 it was one of the best known of all cherries that for the time being lost its identity--the ,napoleon1 which probably has been cultivated for three centuries and since #ahbj has borne the name of the great ,general4 ,with dogged perseverance the ,west ,coast fruit-growers continue the name ,royal ,ann to the great confusion of systematic pomology4 ,but of chief import to cherry culture were the subsequent operations in the ,lewelling nursery at ,milwaukee4 ,lacking proper stocks1 ,seth ,lewelling1 who had succeeded ,henderson in the nursery business1 grew a great many cherries from seeds4 ,from these he afterward selected and disseminated varieties that have made ,oregon famous not only for what are probably the finest sweet cherries in the world but for a long list of new and desirable varieties--as ,republican1 ,lincoln1 ,willamette ,seedling and ,bing4 ,we call to mind no greater success in bringing into being new fruits from a few lots of seedlings than in the case of ,lewelling and his cherries4 ,lewelling's work stimulated others to breed cherries and among many seedlings that have since been named in the ,northwest the ,lambert and ,oregon are well worthy of mention4 ,the facts of time and place in the beginning of cherry culture which we have tried to set forth in this chapter have1 we think1 some historical and narrative interest4 ,yet1 the main value of the facts are not in history and story4 ,rather1 at least so we hope they will be interpreted1 these brief records show what the crude material was out of which our present cultivated cherry flora has been developed2 what the steps were in the domestication and development of the cherry2 what economic purposes they have served2 and who the peoples are and what the methods were in bringing the cherry to its present state of development4 ,in a word1 the chapter will not have served the purpose for which it is mainly intended if it does not furnish facts and inspirations toward the further evolution of the cherry4 #ci ,history of ,california #aaa4 #ahed4 ,chapter ,,iii ,,cherry ,,culture ,the magnitude of the cherry industry in the ,united ,states is not generally appreciated4 ,this is because cherries are very largely grown in small home plantations and the product is either consumed at home and in local markets1 or is sent to canning factories and is therefore disposed of without the display attending the production and marketing of fruits sold in the general market4 ,the following figures from the last census show the importance of the industry4 ,there were in #aiji1 according to the census taken in #aiaj1 #aa1hbb1jdd bearing cherry trees in the ,united ,states and #e1fba1ffj trees not of bearing age4 ,the bearing trees bore #d1abf1jii bushels of fruit valued at #g1bca1afj4 ,when this1 the thirteenth census1 was taken1 the cherry ranked fifth in commercial value among orchard fruits1 being surpassed in the order named by the apple1 peach1 plum and pear4 ,the yield of fruit was #dc4f per centum greater in #aiji than in #ahii4 ,this high percentage of increase has been brought about in several ways4 ,the recent development of rapid transportation1 refrigerator service and of marketing facilities has greatly stimulated the culture of this as of all other fruits in the ,united ,states4 ,an increased demand for canned and preserved cherries has sprung up so that cherries are much more used now than formerly1 the trade in preserved cherries for confections and various drinks in particular having greatly increased4 ,lastly1 better care of orchards and better means of combating insects and fungi have increased the yields during the last decade4 ,cherries are grown in greater or less quantities in every state in the ,union but commercially the industry is confined to a few states having especial advantages in climate1 soil and markets4 ,in but six states1 according to the last census1 was the value of the cherry crop more than a half-million dollars1 the states being3 ,california #iea1fed1 ,pennsylvania #iji1ige1 ,ohio #feg1djf1 ,michigan #eij1hbi1 ,new ,york #edd1ejh1 ,indiana #ejh1eaf4 ,in ,new ,york in particular1 recent plantings of this fruit have been so great that at this writing1 ,july1 #aiad1 the figures given for this ,state could be increased by a quarter at the very least1 and no doubt they could be largely increased also for ,california and ,michigan4 ,the great growth of the canning industry is most largely responsible for the large plantings of cherries in recent years in regions especially suited to this fruit4 ,in the several states named1 the cherry industry is further localized4 ,thus1 in the #fa counties in ,new ,york1 the cherry is grown largely in but #ab1 the number of trees in each of these being3 ,columbia #gh1ebf1 ,niagara #fa1ghf1 ,monroe #di1hca1 ,ontario #cf1cid1 ,wayne #ce1che1 ,erie #bi1dhc1 ,onondaga #be1icb1 ,seneca #bg1jfc1 ,chautauqua #bd1dhc1 ,steuben #ae1dab1 ,orleans #ad1fhb and ,cayuga #ad1cai4 ,if the figures just given1 the total number being #dac1bif1 are compared with the number of trees in the ,state1 #fgd1jjj1 it will be seen that the industry is quite localized1 two-thirds of the cherries being grown in #ab of the #fa counties1 though the fact is brought out in the census that cherries are grown on #ei1djh farms in ,new ,york1 showing that this fruit is much grown for home use4 ,further figures of interest as regards ,new ,york are that the cherry crop in #aiji amounted to #bga1eig bushels which sold for #edd1ejh4 ,the plantings in the ,state cover in the neighborhood of #i1ejj acres4 ,a canvass of the leading cherry-growers and nurserymen in the ,united ,states shows that1 in all parts of the country excepting ,california1 ,oregon and ,washington1 ,sour ,cherries are much more commonly grown than ,sweet ,cherries4 ,in ,new ,york at least #ij per cent of the cherry trees are of sour varieties and this proportion will hold for the region east of the ,rockies4 ,the leading commercial varieties of ,sour ,cherries1 in order named1 are ,montmorency1 ,early ,richmond and ,english ,morello4 ,no other variety is nearly as commonly grown as is even the least well known of these three4 ,no one of the ,duke cherries is mentioned as of commercial importance1 but ,may ,duke1 ,late ,duke and ,reine ,hortense are frequently grown in home plantations4 ,growers of ,sweet ,cherries are not nearly as closely in accord as to the best varieties as are those who grow sour sorts4 ,the most popular ,sweet ,cherries in the ,east seem to be ,windsor1 ,black ,tartarian1 ,napoleon and ,wood with a very insistent statement of the few who have tried it that ,schmidt is better than any of these for the market4 ,on the ,pacific ,coast honors go to ,napoleon1 which the ,westerners continue to call ,royal ,ann despite the fact that it has been cultivated for three centuries and had been called ,napoleon for nearly a half-century before ,lewelling took it to ,oregon in #ahdg4 ,other popular sorts on the ,pacific seaboard are ,bing1 ,lambert and ,republican--all western productions4 ,rather more important than the information obtained from growers of cherry trees as to varieties was that as to the stocks on which cherries are grown in ,america4 ,this brings us to a discussion of the whole subject of stocks for cherries4 ,,stocks ,,for ,,cherries ,cherries have been grown in ,america for over #bjj years and for #ej years the crop has been important commercially4 ,yet despite the extent and the importance of the industry and the years it has been in existence1 curiously enough so fundamental a question as the best stock upon which to grow cherries has not yet been settled2 indeed1 though cherries behave markedly different on the several stocks1 interest as to which is the best seems but recently to have been aroused4 ,now there is a rather warm controversy as to which is the better of the two leading stocks1 the ,mazzard or the ,mahaleb4 ,fruit-growers on one side hold that the ,mazzard is the best stock for all orchard varieties of this fruit while nurserymen controvert this view and say that the ,mahaleb is at least a fit stock for sweet sorts and is the best one for ,sour ,cherries1 and1 moreover1 that it is now impossible to grow cherries on ,mazzard roots at prices that fruit-growers are willing to pay4 ,since no systematic attempts seem to have been made to determine the peculiarities and values of these two and other cherry stocks both sides dispute without many facts4 ,meanwhile1 a fine crop of misunderstandings has grown up about the whole matter of cherry stocks4 ,it is worth while to attempt to clear up some of the misunderstandings4 ,the first step toward this end is to describe and give the botanical and horticultural relationships of the ,mazzard and ,mahaleb cherries to orchard cherries4 ,the ,mazzard1 as we have seen1 is a common name1 of uncertain origin1 of the wild ,sweet ,cherry1 ,prunus avium1 from which has come all cultivated ,sweet ,cherries4 ,it is important to recall that the trees of the ,mazzard reach a height of thirty or forty feet and the trunk often attains a diameter of eighteen or twenty inches4 ,other characters to be kept in mind are that the ,mazzard lacks hardiness to cold but grows vigorously and is usually healthy1 though susceptible to several fungi1 one of which1 the shot-hole fungus1 ,cylindrosporium padi1 makes it a most difficult plant to grow in the nursery4 ,trees and fruit coming from the ,mazzard used as a stock are very uniform1 a fact easy to ascertain in ,new ,york where this stock has been largely used for nearly a century4 ,the ,mazzard is almost always grown from seed for stocks though suckers are occasionally used--a poor practice4 ,illustration3 ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,mazzard7 ,the ,mazzard1 or at least the ,sweet ,cherry1 has probably been more or less used as a stock since the earliest cultivation of this fruit4 ,the ,greeks and ,romans practiced budding and grafting centuries before ,christ's time and when the cherry came to them as a domesticated fruit1 at least three or four centuries before ,christ1 they undoubtedly made use of budding and grafting#dj to maintain varieties and in the case of the ,sour ,cherry1 if they had it1 and they probably did1 to avoid the suckers that spring from the roots of the trees4 ,the literature of fruit-growing is scant and fragmentary during the ,middle ,ages but beginning with the herbals in the ,sixteenth and ,seventeenth ,centuries there are many treatises on fruits and botany and in several of these the use of the wild ,sweet ,cherry1 the ,mazzard1 is mentioned4#da ,in ,america the ,mazzard as a stock probably came into use soon after the establishment of ,prince's nursery at ,flushing1 ,long ,island1 about #agcj1 budding and grafting seeming to have been little practiced in the ,new ,world before the founding of this nursery4#db ,the use of the ,mazzard as a stock is mentioned probably for the first in ,coxe's ,fruit ,trees1#dc the second ,american treatise on fruits1 published in #ahag1 and again in ,thacher's ,american ,orchardist1 published in #ahbb4dd ,both authors1 as the foot-notes show1 speak of the use of this stock as if it were in common use in ,american nurseries4 ,neither mentions the ,mahaleb4 ,illustration3 ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,mazzard7 ,the ,mahaleb1 ,prunus mahaleb1 it will be remembered from the description previously given1 is a bush or bush-like cherry1 sometimes but not often attaining the height and port of a tree4 ,the top is thick1 with rather slender ramifying branches bearing small1 green1 smooth1 glossy leaves1 which resemble those of the apricot more than they do the leaves of either species of orchard cherries4 ,the fruits are at first green1 then yellowish1 turning to red and at full maturity are shining1 black and so hard1 bitter and astringent as to be scarcely edible4 ,this brief description of ,prunus mahaleb shows that it is quite distinct from either our commonly cultivated ,sweet ,cherry1 ,prunus avium1 or the ,sour ,cherry1 ,prunus cerasus1 differing from either much more than the two edible species differ from each other4 ,it is quite as far removed from the ,sweet or the ,sour ,cherry botanically as the apple is from the pear1 the quince1 or the thorn and if anything more distantly related than orchard cherries are to plums4 ,one would expect the wood structure of the ,mahaleb to differ from that of ,sweet or ,sour ,cherries very materially and that even if the union proved in budding or grafting wholly normal that there would be some difficulty in the proper passage of nutritive solutions between stock and cion4 ,this cherry1 as we have seen1 is propagated almost entirely from seed though it may easily be grown from layers1 cuttings and suckers4 ,the ,american supply of ,mahaleb stock comes from ,france4 ,the ,mahaleb seems to have come into use as a stock for other cherries in ,france having been first mentioned for this purpose by ,duhamel du ,monceau in his ,traite des ,arbres ,fruitiers in #agfh4de ,miller in his ,gardener's ,dictionary1 #aged1 describes the ,mahaleb cherry and says it was ,cultivated in #agad by the ,duchess of ,beaufort4 ,this seems to be the first mention of its culture in ,england though ,gerarde in ,the ,herball or ,generall ,historie of ,plantes describes it4 ,neither mentions its use as a stock4 ,in fact1 it seems not to have been mentioned as a stock in ,england until #ahbd when ,loudon in the ,encyclopedia of ,gardening speaks of it as the most effectual dwarfing stock4#df ,it was not until after the middle of the ,nineteenth ,century that the ,mahaleb came into use in ,america1 none of the horticultural writers in the first half of the last century1 as ,cobbett1 #ahjc2 ,mc,mahon1 #ahjf2 ,coxe1 #ahag2 ,thacher1 #ahbb2 ,prince1 #ahbh2 ,kenrick1 #ahcc2 ,manning1 #ahch2 ,thomas1 #ahdf2 ,floy1 #ahdf1 nor ,cole1 #ahdi1 having mentioned the ,mahaleb though nearly all speak of the ,mazzard as the stock upon which cherries are budded4 ,downing1 in #ahde1 makes first mention of the ,mahaleb as a stock in the ,new ,world2#dg ,thomas in his second edition1 #ahea1 recommends it as a stock to dwarf cherries2#dh ,barry1 #aheb1 says that ,mahaleb stock is imported from ,europe2#di while ,elliott1 in #ahed1 also speaks of it as a dwarfing stock4#ej ,from this date on the ,mahaleb is mentioned in all ,american works on pomology in which stocks for cherries are discussed4 ,illustration3 ,,prunus ,,mahaleb ,pains have been taken to show the exact date the ,mahaleb began to be used as a stock in ,america4 ,the quotations show that this was about #ahej4 ,they show1 too1 that at first and for a long time its only use was as a dwarfing stock4 ,but now the ,mahaleb has almost wholly superseded the ,mazzard as a stock for all ,sweet and ,sour ,cherries4 ,not many cherries were propagated on the new stock until after #ahfj when its use1 if we may judge from the accounts of fruit-growing1 began to be general and it grew so rapidly in favor that by #ahhj it was more popular than the ,mazzard and in another decade had almost wholly taken the place of the latter4 ,probably #ie per centum of the cherries grown in this country are budded on the ,mahaleb4 ,why has the ,mahaleb supplanted the ,mazzard8 ,this is the question that immediately comes to mind and to the discussion of which we proceed4 ,there is no question but that it is much easier to grow cherry trees on ,mahaleb stock in the nursery than on ,mazzard and that usually a better looking tree can be delivered to the fruit-grower on the first-named stock4 ,seedlings of both stocks are imported from ,europe and those of the ,mahaleb are usually cheaper4 ,these reasons are sufficient for the exclusive use of ,mahaleb by nurserymen1 and1 were it certain that the ,mahaleb is the best stock for the fruit-grower1 all hands might forthwith renounce the ,mazzard4 ,in what respects is it easier to grow cherries on the ,mahaleb in the nursery than on the ,mazzard8 ,all know that the ,sweet ,cherry is a little difficult to grow--is capricious as to soils1 climates1 cultivation and pruning1 and as to diseases and insects4 ,the ,mazzard now used for stocks has the faults of the species to which it belongs4 ,the ,mahaleb1 on the other hand1 is adapted to a greater diversity of soils2 is hardier to either heat or cold2 less particular about cultivation2 will stand more cutting in the nursery if pruning be necessary2 is less susceptible to aphids which in many parts of the ,united ,states trouble cherries in the nursery row2 and1 more to the point than all else1 in ,new ,york at least1 is not nearly as badly infested with the shot-hole fungus1 ,cylindrosporium padi1 which often ruins plantations of ,mazzard stock4 ,mahaleb stock1 too1 is more easily worked than the ,mazzard both in the actual work of budding and in having a longer season for this nursery operation4 ,cherries on ,mahaleb ripen their wood earlier than those on ,mazzard and may thus be dug earlier in the fall4 ,nurserymen and fruit-growers alike agree to this statement of the superior merits of the ,mahaleb as a nursery plant4 ,the facts set forth are matters of common observation--so well known that it is not necessary to verify them experimentally4 ,a half-century of experience in ,america on many soils1 in many climates and under widely varied conditions has demonstrated that it is easier to grow cherries in the nursery on the ,mahaleb than on the ,mazzard stock4 ,from experience in the orchard1 fruit-growers have established several facts as to the relative value of ,mazzard and ,mahaleb stocks from their standpoint4 ,these are3 #a4 ,cherries on ,mahaleb are hardier to cold than those on ,mazzard stocks4 ,this hardiness is due1 in part at least1 to the fact that cherry wood on ,mahaleb ripens sooner than on ,mazzard4 ,this superior hardiness of the ,mahaleb is evident in the nursery-row as well as in the orchard and is a matter of great importance in northern nursery regions4 ,in this connection it should be said that the ,mahaleb is not as hardy as might be wished and that there are1 as we shall later show1 still hardier stocks4 #b4 ,there is no question but that the ,mahaleb is a dwarfing stock4 ,it came into use and in ,europe continues to serve almost the sole purpose of dwarfing varieties worked upon it4 ,this retarding effect is not fully realized by ,american cherry-growers because for the first few years the diminution in size is not apparent and even at the close of a decade the difference in size is not as marked as it would be between standard and dwarf apples or pears of the same age4 #c4 ,cherry-growers who have tried both stocks agree that most varieties come in bearing earlier on ,mahaleb than on ,mazzard stocks4 ,from the known effects of dwarfing on other fruit trees this would be expected4 #d4 ,the size of the cherries is the same on trees grown on the two stocks4 ,the claim is made that apples and pears are a little larger on dwarf trees and that when peaches and plums are dwarfed the fruit is smaller4 ,no one seems to have seen or to have thought that there are differences in the size of cherries grown on ,mazzard or ,mahaleb stock4 ,illustration3 ,,prunus ,,avium 7,,mazzard7 #e4 ,better unions are made with ,mazzard than with the ,mahaleb4 ,this would be expected because of the close relationship of the ,mazzard to orchard cherries4 #f4 ,the ,mahaleb is probably the more cosmopolitan stock--will thrive on a greater diversity of soils than the ,mazzard stock4 ,in particular it is somewhat better adapted to sandy1 light1 stony1 and arid soils that are not well adapted to growing cherries4 ,its root system is much nearer the surface of the ground and it is1 therefore1 better adapted to shallow soils than the ,mazzard4 #g4 ,though the evidence is somewhat conflicting on this point it is probable that cherries on ,mazzard live longer than on ,mahaleb4 ,it may be that the frequent statements to this effect arise from the knowledge that dwarf fruit-trees are generally shorter lived than standard trees since there seem to be no records of actual comparisons4 #h4 ,lastly1 in climates where the cherry can be grown with reasonable certainty and in soils to which this fruit is adapted1 varieties on ,mazzard are more productive and profitable than on the ,mahaleb stock4 ,this seems to be the concensus of opinion among growers in the great cherry regions of ,california1 ,oregon1 ,washington1 ,michigan and ,new ,york4 ,several other stocks have been more or less successfully used for cherries and a great number have never been tried that might make good stocks4 ,in a country as diversified as ours and in a state as variable in soil and climate as ,new ,york and with the manifold varieties of ,sweet and ,sour ,cherries1 it is almost certain that under some conditions there are stocks more desirable than either ,mazzard or ,mahaleb4 ,the resources of the cherry-grower in this direction are so great that in this account we can but briefly outline them1 describing but a few of the many stocks that might be used4 ,in the colder parts of ,new ,york and of the ,united ,states1 undoubtedly seedlings of ,russian cherries would make hardy and in most other respects very desirable stocks4 ,these ,russian cherries1 too1 as a rule1 come nearly or quite true to seed1 making very good orchard plants on their own roots4 ,some of them1 if not most of them1 sprout rather badly--not so serious a fault as one might think1 especially in a cultivated orchard4 ,for budding over to other varieties only sour sorts should be used1 taking for trial such varieties as ,bessarabian1 ,brusseler ,braune1 ,double ,natte1 ,george ,glass1 ,lutovka1 ,early ,morello1 ,ostheim and ,vladimir4 ,probably most of these would dwarf standard varieties more or less but in no case is it to be supposed that they would have the dwarfing effect of ,mahaleb4 ,in the ,north ,mississippi ,valley some of these1 especially of the ,ostheim or ,morello type1 have been very successfully used as stocks4 ,the small1 wild1 red cherry locally known as the ,bird1 ,pin and as the ,pigeon ,cherry1 ,prunus pennsylvanica1 found from the ,atlantic to the eastern slopes of the ,coast ,range on the ,pacific in northern ,united ,states and southern ,canada1 is often used as a hardy stock4 ,the writer has seen it so used in northern ,michigan but from his observation can recommend it only for cold regions and as a makeshift since it dwarfs standard varieties and usually suckers badly4 ,w4 ,t4 ,macoun1 ,ottawa1 ,canada1 ,dominion ,horticulturist1 states that this stock is commonly used in the colder parts of ,canada and with good results4 ,this cherry is not as distantly related to orchard varieties as the ,mahaleb and unites with ,sour ,cherries at least as readily as does the ,mahaleb4 ,in the ,west and ,northwest the ,sand ,cherry1 ,prunus pumila1 is used very successfully in cold1 dry regions as a stock for ,sour ,cherries4 ,the following is a very good account of its behavior from the pen of the late ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 a pioneer cherry grower in the ,middle ,west4#ea ,those who have seen acres of the ,sandy ,cherry in the northwest loaded with fruit have not been ready to believe it a good stock for the cherry on account of its sprawling bushy habits of growth4 ,but those who have watched its growth when young under culture on rich soil can comprehend the fact that it is as easy to work as the ,mahaleb4 ,as with the ,mahaleb the seedlings grown in seed bed will be large enough to set in nursery row the next spring1 and of good size for ,august budding4 ,to illustrate its rapidity and uprightness of growth ,i will state that we rooted a few cuttings in plant house last winter4 ,when set in nursery they had made a show of growth of from two to four inches1 yet at budding time1 the middle of ,august1 they were fully as large1 stocky and upright as the ,mahalebs1 and in all respects in as perfect condition for budding4 ,this hardiest of all cherries is very closely related to our garden cherries1 so nearly indeed that our botanists long ago decided that valuable crosses on it might be made4 ,as yet its use for stocks is somewhat experimental1 but we can say positively that it united well with our hardy sorts in budding1 and it does not dwarf the sorts worked upon it to a greater extent during the first five years of growth than does the ,mahaleb4 ,illustration3 ,,prunus ,,mahaleb ,there are records of the ,choke ,cherry1 ,prunus virginiana1#eb and of the ,rum1 or wild ,black ,cherry1 ,prunus serotina1 having been used as stocks but these long-bunch1 or racemose1 cherries are so distantly related to the short-bunch1 or fascicled1 orchard cherries that it would seem that their use would be desirable only under great stress4 ,in ,japan a horticultural variety of ,prunus pseudocerasus is used as a stock4 ,of this cherry for this purpose1 ,professor ,yugo ,hoshino of the ,tohoku ,imperial ,university at ,sapporo1 ,japan1 writes as follows3 ,you wish to know about the cherry stocks used in this country4 ,it is very rare to use our common wild cherry as a stock for ,european cherries4 ,in ,hokkaido 7,yozo ,island71 we commonly use the seedlings of ,european ,sweet and ,sour ,cherries as stocks4 ,but in the northern part of ,japan proper 7,main ,island71 it is a common practice to graft ,european cherries on a special kind of our cherry4 ,this cherry has particular characters which fit it for propagation2 namely1 it roots very easily either from cuttings or by layering 7mound74 ,its botanical position is not certain1 but it is probable that it is a cultural variety of ,pseudocerasus1 especially bred for stock purposes4 ,it is grown by nurserymen only and called ,dai-,sakura4 7,dai means stock3 ,sakura means cherry47 ,it has a somewhat dwarfing influence on cions and hastens their fruiting age4 ,this stock ought to be tried in ,america if1 indeed1 it is not already under cultivation from introductions made by the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture4 ,these are but a few of many cherries that have been or might be tried as stocks for orchard varieties4 ,there are many species of cherries more closely related to the cultivated edible sorts than the ,mahaleb4 ,many of the cherries from ,asia1 not now known to growers1 will eventually find their way to ,america2 a few have already been introduced by the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture2 some of them can undoubtedly be used as stocks and from them we may hope to find a better stock than either the ,mazzard or ,mahaleb4 ,cherries are now grown almost wholly as budded trees but they can be more or less readily root-grafted1 depending upon the variety4 ,under some circumstances it might be profitable to propagate them by grafting4 ,usually it is necessary to use a whole root and to graft at the crown of the stock4 ,budd recommends this practice for ,iowa1 using ,mazzard stock but with the expectation that the cion will take root and eventually the tree will stand on its own roots4#ec ,we cannot believe1 however1 that grafting can ever take the place of budding as a nursery practice or that it can be profitably used except in very exceptional cases4 ,buds in propagating are usually taken from nursery stock1 a practice of decades1 and there is no wearing out of varieties4 ,old varieties have lost none of the characters accredited to them a century1 or several centuries1 ago by pomological writers4 ,nor does it seem to matter1 in respect to trueness to type1 whether the buds be taken from a vigorous1 young stripling1 a mature tree in the heyday of life or some struggling1 lichen-covered ancient--all alike reproduce the variety4 ,the hypothesis that fruit-trees degenerate or1 on the other hand1 that they may be improved by bud-selection1 finds no substantiation in this fruit4 ,there seems to be no limit to the number of times its varieties can be propagated true to type from buds4 #dj ,varro 7,b4 ,c4 #aag-bg71 as we have seen on page #dg1 tells when to graft cherries and discusses the process as if grafting cherries were a common operation4 #da ,in ,the ,country-,man's ,new ,art of ,planting and ,grafting1 written by ,leonard ,mascall1 #afeb1 the writer says1 ,sower ,cherries 444 will grow of stones1 but better it shall be to take of the small ,cions which do come from the roots2 then plant them4 ,ye must have respect unto the ,healme ,cherry1 a sweet cherry of the time which is graft on the wild ,gomire ,mazzard which is another kind of great ,cherry1 and whether you do prune them or not1 it is not materiall2 for they dure a long time4 ,r4 ,a4 ,austen1 in his ,treatise of ,fruit ,trees1 #afec1 writes1 ,concerning ,stocks fit for ,cherry-trees1 ,i account the black ,cherry stock 7,mazzard7 the best to graft any kind of ,cherry upon4 ,yet some say the red ,cherry stock is best for ,may-,cherries4 ,but the black ,cherry stocks are goodly straight ,plants full of sap and become greater trees than the red ,cherry trees4 ,john ,reid1 ,the ,scots ,gard'ner1 #afhc1 writes1 ,dwarfe ,cherries on the ,morella1 or on the common ,red ,cherrie4 ,or on that ,red geen which is more ,dwarffish than the black4 ,john ,lawrence1 ,the ,clergyman's ,recreation1 #agad1 declared that1 ,black ,cherries 7,mazzard7 are the only ,stocks1 whereon to raise all1 the several sorts of ,cherries4 #db ,the practice of grafting and inoculating in ,america is but of modern date4 ,it was introduced by ,mr4 ,prince1 a native of ,new ,york1 who erected a ,nursery in its neighborhood about forty years ago4 ,but since the late ,american revolution1 others have been instituted in this and some other parts of the ,united ,states4 ,mr4 ,livingston has lately established one1 not far from the city of ,new ,york1 which can vie with some of the most celebrated ones in ,europe4 ,may he1 and others1 who have undertaken in that useful branch of business1 meet with encouragement and success4 ,nothing in the extensive field of ,horticulture can afford more agreeable amusement or yield more solid satisfaction and advantage4 ,forsyth on ,fruit ,trees1 ,albany1 ,n4 ,y41 #ahjc3bgh4 #dc ,the cherry is propagated by budding and ingrafting--from its disposition to throw out gum from wounds in the vessels of the bark1 the former mode is most generally adopted4 ,the heart cherries do not succeed well on any but the black ,mazard stocks1 but round or duke cherries do as well on ,morello stocks1 which are often preferred from their being less liable to the cracks in the bark1 from frost and sun on the southwest side2 this injury may be almost effectually prevented by planting on the east side of board fences or buildings1 or by fixing an upright board on the southwest side of each tree in open situations4 ,the best stocks are raised from stones planted in the nursery4 ,stocks raised from suckers of old trees1 will always generate suckers1 which are injurious and very troublesome in gardens3 diseases of old or worn out varieties1 are likewise perpetuated by the use of suckers for stocks4 ,coxe ,fruit ,trees #ahag3bec4 #dd ,the cultivated cherry1 when reared from the seed1 is much disposed to deviate from the variety of the original fruit1 and1 of course1 they are propagated by budding or grafting on cherry stocks3 budding is most generally preferred1 as the tree is less apt to suffer from oozing of the gum than when grafted4 ,the stocks are obtained by planting the seeds in a nursery1 and the seedlings are afterwards transplanted4 ,those kinds which are called heart cherries are said to succeed best on the black mazard stock2 but for the round kind1 the ,morello stocks are preferred1 on account of their being the least subject to worms1 or to cracks in the bark1 from frost and heat of the sun4 ,thacher ,american ,orchardist #ahbb3bab4 #de ,so the good species and their varieties are perpetuated and multiplied by grafting upon the ,merisier1 upon the ,cerisier with round fruit1 and upon the ,cerisier de ,sainte-,lucie ,mahaleb4 ,all the ,cerisiers succeed well upon the ,merisier and it is the only subject which is suited to the high-headed trees4 ,it has the advantage of not sending forth any or very few suckers4 ,the ,cerisier de ,sainte-,lucie has the same advantage4 ,it receives very well the graft of all species of cherries and adapts itself to the worst soils4 ,duhamel ,traite des ,arbres ,fruitiers #a3aig4 #agfh4 #df ,varieties of the cherry are continued by grafting or budding on stocks of the black or wild red cherries1 which are strong shooters1 and of a longer duration than any of the garden kinds4 ,some graft on the ,morello for the purpose of dwarfing the tree1 and rendering it more prolific2 but the most effectual dwarfing stock is the mahaleb1 which1 however1 will not succeed in the generality of soils in ,britain4 ,dubreuil of ,rouen recommends the wild cherry for clayey and light soils1 and the mahaleb for soils of a light1 sandy or chalky nature4 ,the stones of the cultivated cherry are commonly1 but improperly1 substituted for those of the wild sort1 as being more easily procured4 ,loudon ,enc4 of ,gard4 #ahbd3ibd4 #dg ,when dwarf trees are required1 the ,morello seedlings are used as stocks2 or when very dwarf trees are wished the ,perfumed ,cherry1 7,cerasus ,mahaleb7 is employed2 but as standards are almost universally preferred1 these are seldom seen here4 ,dwarfs in the nursery must be headed back the second year1 in order to form lateral shoots near the ground4 ,downing ,fruit ,trees of ,america #ahde3afd4 #dh ,the stocks used for this purpose 7to dwarf cherries7 are the ,perfumed ,cherry or ,prunus ,mahaleb1 which also possesses the advantage of flourishing on heavy clay ground4 ,the grafts will usually grow quite vigorously for two or three seasons1 but they soon form dwarf1 prolific bushes4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #ahdi3cea4 #di ,the principal stocks used for the cherry are the mazzard for standard orchard trees1 and the mahaleb for garden pyramids and dwarfs4 ,the ,mahaleb 7,cerasus mahaleb7 is a small tree with glossy1 deep green foliage4 ,the fruit is black1 about the size of a marrow-fat pea1 and quite bitter4 ,it blossoms and bears fruit when about three years old4 ,it is considerably cultivated in many parts of ,europe1 as an ornamental lawn tree4 ,there are very few bearing trees in this country yet2 consequently nearly all the stocks used are imported1 or grown from imported seeds4 ,barry ,the ,fruit ,garden #ahea3aae1 #aag4 #ej ,dwarf ,trees4--,are produced by propagating the ,sweet or ,duke varieties on the ,mahaleb1 or ,morello roots4 ,they should in all cases be worked just at the crown of the root1 as it is there a union is best formed2 and also1 by means of pruning1 7see page #cj7 they should be made to form heads branching immediately from the ground4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #ahed3ahe4 #ea ,iowa ,sta4 ,bul4 #aj3dbe4 #ahij4 #eb ,prunus virginiana was used as a stock in ,oregon in #ahej as there were no other stocks available4 ,the union was very good but the stock was condemned because of suckering4 ,seth ,lewelling ,n4 ,w4 ,horticulturist ,nov4 #ahhg4 #ec ,i will here say that one year with another we succeed as well in grafting on ,mazzard roots as we do with pear on pear roots1 and nearly as well as with apple on apple roots4 ,in some cases since the appearance of the graft-box fungus our success has been more complete with the cherry than with the apple4 ,this success is due to careful compliance with two main guiding rules1 founded on the nature of cherry wood3 7#a7 ,keep the scions dry until used4 ,if given an opportunity they will absorb water enough to start the buds and form a callus at the base4 ,in this condition they will fail to unite with the root4 7#b7 ,after grafting1 pack in boxes with sand or moss and store in a root cave1 kept uniformly cool by opening at night and keeping closed during the day4 ,if the buds start prior to the time of planting in nursery they will usually fail to grow4 ,it may prove useful to add1 that the sprouts from deeply set trees on ,mazzard root will always be true to the varieties planted1 and the surface roots can be utilized for root cuttings1 as noted on a future page4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #aj3dbd4 #ahij4 ,,cherry ,,climates ,,and ,,cherry ,,soils ,climate and soil have been the chief determinants of location for cherry-growing in ,new ,york4 ,both ,sweet ,cherries and ,sour ,cherries are profoundly influenced by the natural environment in which they are grown--,sweet ,cherries rather more so than any other fruit1 either climate or soil dictating whether they may or may not be grown4 ,the ,sour ,cherry is at home in a great variety of climates1 the vagaries of weather affecting it but little4 ,it is probably the hardiest to cold1 in some of its varieties at least1 of all our tree fruits1 thriving almost to the ,arctic ,circle and from there southward1 in some of its forms1 quite to the limits of the ,temperate ,zone4 ,the blossoming season is relatively late so that fruit-setting is seldom prevented by spring frosts4 ,yet1 even with this hardy fruit1 it is necessary to take thought of heat and cold in growing commercial crops2 for spring frosts may wither the bloom or summer heat and wind blast the crop if the orchard site be not well selected as regards local weather4 ,the ,sweet ,cherry1 on the other hand1 must be coddled in every turn of the season1 in climatic requirements being particularly sensitive to heat and cold4 ,this cherry stands with the peach in not being able to survive temperatures much below zero and in suffering greatly from spring frosts because of early blooming4 ,it is even more susceptible to heat than the peach1 and especially cannot endure long-continued heat1 both fruit and foliage suffering4 ,the ,sweet ,cherry is at its best in a warm1 sunny1 genial1 equable climate4 ,the ,duke cherries1 hybrids between the ,sweet and the ,sour species1 in the matter of hardiness are midway between the hardy ,sours and the tender ,sweets though this is but a very general statement applying to the group as a whole and not to individual varieties4 ,some of these withstand cold and heat well while others are tender in either extreme4 ,cherries are more at the mercy of moisture than of temperature conditions4 ,continued rain at blossoming time will almost surely prevent a proper setting of fruit2 and the cherries crack1 and brown-rot becomes exceedingly aggressive if there is wet weather in harvest time4 ,late summer rainfall to supply moisture to the trees is a matter of small concern to the cherry-grower1 for growth begins early and the crop is off the trees before summer droughts usually begin4 ,where irrigation is practiced water for the cherry is safely supplied at most seasons of the year except when harvest is in swing at which time the cherries will swell and crack if there be too much water4 ,as with all fruits the direction1 temperature and humidity of winds are factors which decree whether or not cherries can be grown profitably either in a locality or a region4 ,a pocket in the hills filled with dead air or a wind-swept highland would be unsatisfactory extremes2 for1 in the first case1 fungi1 especially the dreaded brown-rot1 would take too great toll1 and1 in the second1 blossoms would be blasted or foliage frazzled and the fruit whipped4 ,the harsh1 drying winds of winter1 too1 would be disastrous to ,sweet ,cherry culture and if extreme1 as on the ,great ,plains1 wood and buds of ,sour ,cherries would suffer4 ,artificial wind-breaks have not been found profitable in the hilly and wooded ,east1 entailing too many disadvantages1 but if cherries be planted at all in the prairies of the ,middle ,west1 some protection from the winds must usually be provided4 ,the two species from which cultivated cherries come grow with proper vigor in quite different soils4 ,the ,sour ,cherry and most of its hybrid offspring1 the ,dukes1 may be made to grow in almost any arable soil1 but the ,sweet ,cherry is fastidious--to be pleased only by particular soils4 ,sour ,cherry orchards in ,new ,york most excel on strong1 even-tempered1 loamy soils1 naturally or artificially well drained yet retentive of moisture4 ,there is possibly a shade of difference in favor of clay loams and some thriving plantations may be found on stiff clays having good depth and good drainage4 ,wet1 sticky clays underlaid with a cold1 clammy subsoil--a combination all too common in ,central ,new ,york--furnish conditions which defy the best of care and culture4 ,sweet ,cherry orchards are found excelling on lighter1 and less fertile soils than those we have described for the grosser feeding ,sours4 ,growers of ,sweet ,cherries conceive a perfect soil for this fruit to be a naturally dry1 warm1 deep1 free-working1 gravelly or sandy loam4 ,if the soil is not naturally dry1 it must be made so by artificial drainage1 for this fruit is most impatient of too much moisture or a root-run restricted by water4 ,in ,sweet ,cherry soils1 as will be surmised1 it is difficult to supply humus yet this must be done either by cover crops or by manure to make the soil sufficiently retentive of moisture4 ,sweet ,cherries can be grown on other soils than those under discussion but1 for a large1 firm1 finely finished product for the markets1 only the soils described are suitable4 ,the conditions of soil and climate1 as we have briefly defined them1 that favor cherry culture are to be found in several parts of ,new ,york4 ,briefly we may name and describe the cherry regions of the ,state as follows3 ,the undulating1 maritime plains of ,long ,island1 covered with a thick deposit of sand1 are very well adapted to cherries where the soil is rich enough to come under the plow4 ,the genial climate1 with its rather heavy rainfall1 is precisely that in which the cherry thrives1 the region falling short in the poorness of the soil--a fault easily remedied1 where there is good bottom1 by manuring4 ,despite the fact that occasional trees and plantations show that this fruit thrives on ,long ,island the cherry is not much grown here1 the industry needing some leader to show the way4 ,the valley of the ,hudson from where the river leaves the mountains on the north to its entrance into the highlands of its lower stretch is admirably adapted to cherry-growing1 both climate and soil meeting the requirements of this fruit4 ,in parts of the valley the industry has been developed1 ,columbia ,county taking first place among the counties of the ,state1 with its #gh1ebf trees in #aiji4 ,the product of this region goes chiefly to the great city market near at hand4 ,unfortunately the standard of cultivation is low in the ,hudson ,valley and the handling and marketing of the crop is also on a lower level than westward in the ,state4 ,the cherry harvest is earlier here than elsewhere in ,new ,york1 if we except the small crop of ,long ,island1 an advantage1 for prices usually fall rather than stiffen as the season advances4 ,the great basin in which lie the ,central ,lakes of ,new ,york is far famed for its ,sour ,cherry industry1 the product going largely to canneries4 ,some ,sweet ,cherries are grown--more and more are being planted--about these lakes2 but the rich1 heavy soils which mostly prevail hereabouts are more fit for varieties of the ,sour ,cherry2 though the equable climate makes almost certain the ,sweet ,cherry crop on soils suited to its culture4 ,here1 as elsewhere in the ,state1 the acreage at this writing is greatly on the increase though it is doubtful if the advance will much longer weather the present depression in prices4 ,all through this region1 as in that to the north1 the ,sweet ,cherry grows wild1 thriving like the ,biblical bay--seemingly a sheer gift of the soil and1 like other gifts1 generally neglected4 ,the high plain along the shore of ,lake ,ontario from the ,st4 ,lawrence ,river to the ,niagara ,river1 extending from the lake on the north from ten to fifteen miles inland1 is the region of greatest possibilities for the cherry in ,new ,york4 ,the climate of this great stretch of territory is nearly perfect for this fruit and the soils are sufficiently diversified to furnish a suitable habitat for any of the many varieties of either ,sweet or ,sour cherries4 ,in the past there have been so many ups and downs in the cherry industry that fruit-growers in this favored belt have given more attention to other fruits but for the last decade1 until the recent downward turn in the cherry market1 the plantings have been greatly increased1 both ,sweet and ,sour cherries finding favor4 ,not unlike the ,ontario shore in climate1 but quite unlike it in its soils1 is the shore of ,lake ,erie1 the most westward topographical division of ,new ,york in which cherries are grown4 ,the mainstay of this region is the grape1 but1 in seeking for a more diversified agriculture1 ,sour ,cherry culture was introduced some twenty years ago and has become a thriving industry with prospects of continued growth4 ,here1 as is so often the case in agriculture1 credit must be given to some one leader for the development of a crop and the cherry orchards that dot the landscape for miles about the home of the late ,john ,spencer speak eloquently of his leadership in this region4 ,a necessary accompaniment to a discussion of climate is a statement of the dates of blooming of the various sorts of cherries2 for often1 through selection with reference to this life event of the plant1 injurious climatal influences may be escaped at blooming-time4 ,in the accompanying table averages of the blooming dates of varieties of cherries for the years just past1 #aiab to #aiad1 are given4 ,in making use of these dates1 consideration must be given to the environment of the orchards at ,geneva4 ,the latitude of the ,smith ,astronomical ,observatory1 a quarter of a mile from the ,station orchards1 is #db #eb' #df4b2 the altitude of the orchards is from five hundred to five hundred and twenty-five feet above the sea level4 ,the soil is a stiff and rather cold clay2 the orchards lie about a mile west of ,seneca ,lake1 a body of water forty miles in length and from one to three and one-half miles in width and more than six hundred feet deep4 ,the lake has frozen over but a few times since the region was settled1 over a hundred years ago1 and has a very beneficial influence on the adjacent country in lessening the cold of winter and the heat of summer and in preventing early blooming4 ,the dates are those of full bloom4 ,they were taken from trees grown under normal conditions as to pruning1 distance apart1 and as to all other factors which might influence the blooming period4 ,an inspection of the table shows that there is a variation of several days between the time of full bloom of the different varieties of the same species4 ,these differences can be utilized in selecting sorts to avoid injury from frost4 ,,table ,,showing ,,blooming ,,dates ,,and ,,season ,,of ,,ripening ---------------------------------------- --------------------------------- ,blooming date ,season of -------------------------------------- ripening ,may ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,mid- #d #e #f #g #h #i #aj #aa #ab #ac #ad #ae #af #ag #ah;,earlyseason,late ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,p4 avium ,bing 99 99 ,black ,tartarian 99 99 ,california ,advance 99 99 ,centennial 99 99 ,cleveland 99 99 ,coe 99 99 ,dikeman 99 99 ,downer 99 99 ,eagle 99 99 ,early ,purple 99 99 ,elkhorn 99 99 ,elton 99 99 ,florence 99 99 ,p4 avium ,ida 99 99 ,kirtland 99 99 ,knight 99 99 ,lamaurie 99 99 ,lambert 99 99 ,lyons 99 99 ,mercer 99 99 ,mezel 99 99 ,napoleon 99 99 ,republican 99 99 ,rockport 99 99 ,schmidt 99 99 ,sparhawk 99 99 ,stuart 99 99 ,windsor 99 99 ,wood 99 99 ,yellow ,spanish 99 99 ,p4 cerasus ,bourgueil 99 99 ,brusseler ,braune 99 99 ,carnation 99 99 ,dyehouse 99 99 ,early ,morello 99 99 ,early ,richmond 99 99 ,english ,morello 99 99 ,george ,glass 99 99 ,heart-,shaped ,weichsel 99 99 ,king ,amarelle 99 99 ,large ,montmorency 99 99 ,louis ,philippe 99 99 ,magnifique 99 99 ,montmorency 99 99 ,olivet 99 99 ,ostheim 99 99 ,sklanka 99 99 ,spte ,amarelle 99 99 ,suda 99 99 ,timme 99 99 ,vladimir 99 99 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus ,abbesse d',oignies 99 99 ,double ,natte 99 99 ,empress ,eugenie 99 99 ,late ,duke 99 99 ,may ,duke 99 99 ,nouvelle ,royale 99 99 ,reine ,hortense 99 99 ,royal ,duke 99 99 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,,the ,,pollination ,,of ,,cherries ,we cannot complain in ,new ,york of much uncertainty in the setting of the cherry crop4 ,late spring frosts occasionally catch the blossoms of ,sweet varieties but seldom those of the ,sour sorts4 ,cold weather1 especially if accompanied by wet weather1 not unfrequently cuts short the cherry crop by preventing proper setting4 ,there is1 however1 no general complaint of poor crops through self-sterility4 ,in fact from the behavior of perfectly isolated trees in all parts of the ,state it would be premised that the cherry is most nearly self-fertile of all tree-fruits4 ,yet there may be orchards or seasons in which cross-pollination cuts a figure1 for ,gardner#ed1 of the ,oregon ,station1 found in experiments carried on by him in various parts of ,oregon that many varieties of ,sweet ,cherries in the ,pacific ,coast environment are self-sterile4 ,the work seems to have been very carefully done and the conclusions are worth reprinting in full1 bearing in mind that they would be much modified under ,new ,york conditions4 ,gardener found3 #a4 ,all the varieties of the ,sweet ,cherry tested are self-sterile4 ,this self-sterility is in no case due to a lack of germinability of the pollen produced4 ,on the other hand1 the pollen of each of the varieties studied is capable of producing a set of fruit on the variety or varieties with which it is inter-fertile4 ,the list includes ,bing1 ,black ,republican1 ,black ,tartarian1 ,coe1 ,early ,purple1 ,elton1 ,knight1 ,lambert1 ,major ,francis1 ,may ,duke1 ,napoleon1 ,rockport1 ,waterhouse1 ,willamette1 ,windsor1 ,wood4 #b4 ,certain of these varieties--,bing1 ,lambert1 and ,napoleon are mentioned especially--are inter-sterile4 ,mixed plantings of these three varieties cannot be expected to set fruit unless the trees are within the range of influence of some other variety or varieties that are inter-fertile with them4 #c4 ,among those studied1 ,black ,republican1 ,black ,tartarian1 and ,waterhouse seem to be the most efficient pollenizers for this group of varieties4 #d4 ,other good pollenizers that may be mentioned are3 ,elton1 ,wood1 ,coe1 ,major ,francis1 ,early ,purple4 ,these1 however1 proved somewhat variable in their pollenizing abilities4 #e4 ,some of the seedling trees found in and about cherry orchards are efficient pollenizers for the three varieties--,bing1 ,lambert1 ,napoleon4 ,probably many of these seedling trees are efficient pollenizers1 though the value of any particular seedling can be determined only by experiment or very careful observation4 #f4 ,at least some members of the ,duke group of cherries are capable of pollinating some of the ,bigarreaus4 #g4 ,at least some of the varieties of the ,sour ,cherry 7,p4 cerasus7 are capable of pollinating some of the ,bigarreaus4 #h4 ,inter-sterility of ,sweet ,cherry varieties is apparently not correlated with their closeness of relationship4 #i4 ,the ability of a variety of cherry to set fruit is not entirely dependent upon the kind of pollen available4 ,environmental factors are important4 ,it is doubtful if ,new ,york cherry-growers will need to pay much attention to cross-pollination but1 in case cherry trees are not setting full crops1 and for no other apparent reason1 the fertility of the blossoms may well receive attention4 ,should varieties be found self-sterile1 sorts must be chosen which come into blossom at the same time1 in which case the preceding table shows the sorts which bloom together or nearly enough so to make cross-pollination possible4 #ed ,gardner1 ,v4 ,r4 ,pollination of the ,sweet ,cherry1 ,ore4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #aaf3cf4 #aiac ,,cherry ,,orchards ,,and ,,their ,,care ,it is patent to the eye of every passer-by that cherry trees are commonly set too thickly in most of the orchards in ,new ,york4 ,while close planting is a universal fault1 the amount of room differs greatly in different cherry centers1 depending mostly upon the custom in the community1 though1 as all confess1 it should depend upon the variety and the soil4 ,the very erroneous notion seems to have prevailed in setting the plantations now reaching maturity that a large return could be skimmed from a small area by close setting1 ,sour ,cherries often being put only twelve feet apart each way and ,sweet ,cherries1 considering their great size1 even closer1 at sixteen feet4 ,experienced growers now put such dwarf kinds as the ,morellos at from sixteen to eighteen1 the ,montmorencies and their kind at eighteen to twenty-two2 and the large growing ,sweet ,cherries at from twenty-four to thirty feet4 ,cherries are usually planted two years from the bud4 ,spring is the season for setting1 though the hardy ,sour sorts might often be set advantageously in late autumn4 ,the losses at setting time are greater with the cherry than with any other fruit1 old hands in fruit-growing losing trees as well as beginners4 ,an experiment at the ,station shows that these losses are greatly mitigated by a change in the usual method of transplanting4 ,the custom is to shorten-in all branches of transplanted fruit-trees but this1 with the cherry in particular1 removes the largest and presumably the best nourished buds--certainly those from which would soonest develop the leaves so necessary to sustain the breath of life in the young plant and to give it a start4 ,in the experiment at this ,station it was found that1 if the top of the young tree was reduced by thinning the branches instead of cutting all back1 a much larger proportion of the trees would strike root and live through our parching summers4 ,cherry trees in the past have been headed three or four feet above the ground but in new plantations they are now usually started lower--at half of the above distances4 ,two forms of top are in vogue1 the spire-shape and the vase-shape4 ,sour ,cherries are almost universally grown with closed centers but some growers prefer the form of the vase for ,sweet varieties1 though the majority hold to trees with central trunks and many subsidiary branches4 ,little pruning is done in cherry orchards after the first two or three years1 by which time the sapling has been shaped4 ,subsequent pruning consists in removing dead1 injured or crowded branches and an occasional superfluous one4 ,heading-in finds little favor with experienced growers4 ,these few statements indicate that the cherry1 as now grown1 is pruned but little1 and that that little must be done very carefully1 the pruning knife in the hands of a careless man being1 with this fruit1 a sword in the hands of a child4 ,the general tuning-up in the cultivation of fruits during the past quarter-century has had its influence on cherry culture4 ,commercial orchards are no longer kept in sod and the clean1 purposeful cultivation that has taken the place of grass has doubled the output of cherries1 tree for tree1 throughout the ,state1 the difference in yield being especially noticeable in seasons when drought lies heavy on the land4 ,cultivation1 as practiced by the best growers1 consists of plowing the land in the spring and then frequently stirring the soil until the first of ,august1 at which time a cover-crop is sown4 ,if the soil is light1 and therefore hungry and thirsty1 the plowing should be done early and the cultivator kept constantly at work until cherry-picking4 ,cherry orchards often1 without apparent cause1 have an indefinable air of malaise--look dingy and unhappy--such require almost week-to-week cultivation to tide them over their period of indisposition4 ,grain1 as well as grass1 is discountenanced in cherry orchards1 but cultivated truck and farm crops in young plantations1 or1 under some conditions1 small fruits1 are looked upon as permissible and often pay for the keep of the young trees until they come into profitable bearing4 ,cover-crops are in common vogue in cherry orchards in ,new ,york and1 since with this fruit they can be sown earlier in the season1 are used to better advantage than in other orchards to furnish a full supply of humus and to provide nitrogen4 ,brown-rot1 an annual scourge in most cherry orchards1 takes less toll from trees cultivated and cover-cropped1 these operations covering the mummied fruits and keeping the spores they carry from coming to light and life4 ,cherry growers as a rule are not now using fertilizers for their crops4 ,it would seem that this is not doing duty by the land2 but it must be remembered that the cherry grows vigorously and that over-feeding may stimulate the growth too much1 laying the orchard open not only to unfruitfulness but to winter injury of bud and tree4 ,among those who use fertilizers there is little accord as to what fertilizing compounds are best or as to what the results have been4 ,there is common agreement1 however1 that ,sour ,cherries respond more generally to fertilizers than the ,sweet sorts4 ,until there are carefully carried out fertilizer experiments with this fruit the vexatious problems of fertilization cannot be solved4 ,nitrate of soda seems to be a great rejuvenator in orchards laid down to grass4 ,whatever the cause1 when leaves lack color and hang limp1 this fertilizer is a sovereign tonic4 ,heavy dressings of stable manure are much used in grassed-over orchards1 as they are1 also1 in such as have had none or but scant crops4 ,,the ,,commercial ,,status ,,of ,,cherry-,,growing ,,in ,,new ,,york ,cherry growing is a specialist's business in which1 under the best of conditions1 there are more ups and downs than with other fruits4 ,because of the great profits that have come to a few in the years just past many growers have been drawn into the business in a small way or have planted an acreage beyond their means to manage4 ,the inevitable depression that follows over-planting is1 at this writing1 at hand and spells ruin to some and disgust and discouragement in the industry to others4 ,perhaps no fruit can better be left to men of reserve capital than the cherry1 and even with men of substance cherry-growing should largely be incidental to the culture of other fruits--an industry to fit in to keep land1 labor and machinery employed4 ,cherry trees begin to bear in the climate of ,new ,york when set from three to five years4 ,the varieties of ,prunus cerasus first produce profitable crops but1 at from six to eight years from setting1 both ,sweet and ,sour sorts are in full swing as money-making crops4 ,the limits of profitable age are not set by the life of the tree but1 rather1 by its size4 ,thus1 cherry trees of either of the species commonly cultivated are not infrequently centenarians but the profitable age of an orchard is not often more than from thirty to forty years4 ,after this time the trees become large and the expense of caring for them and of picking the fruit becomes so great as to prevent profits4 ,moreover1 disease1 injuries and inevitable accidents will have thinned the ranks of trees until the orchard is below profit-making4 ,cherry-picking begins in ,new ,york about the first of ,july1 following the rush in harvesting strawberries1 and lasts1 if the orchard contains both ,sweet and ,sour varieties1 from four to six weeks4 ,workers may in this way fill in a gap between small-fruits and other tree-fruits and the crop becomes one in which the grower may often take small profits to keep his help employed2 though1 in the long run1 if the more or less frequent depressions can be weathered1 the cherry may prove as profitable as other fruits4 ,the problem of labor is a most vexatious one under present conditions1 it being impossible to obtain casual men laborers for cherry-picking and women and children are unsatisfactory1 since the fruit must be carefully picked or both cherries and trees suffer4 ,the problem is solved1 unsatisfactorily in most cases1 in various ways by different growers4 ,most of the crop is now picked by children in the teens under the eyes of men or women supervisors4 ,in picking for the market the stem is left on and only the stem is touched by the fingers4 ,cherries for canning factories are less laboriously picked4 ,the picking package is usually an eight-pound basket4 ,the rate paid is one cent per pound4 ,pickers earn #a4ej to #b4jj per day in good seasons4 ,close watch is kept on pickers to prevent the breaking off of fruit-spurs1 thereby destroying the succeeding year's crop1 varieties fruiting in clusters suffering especially from carelessness in this respect4 ,cherries are picked a few days before full ripeness4 ,cherries are sent to canneries in various packages but chiefly in half-bushel baskets or paper-lined bushel crates1 the container being often supplied by the cannery4 ,the six- and eight-pound baskets are the favored receptacles for ,sour ,cherries in city markets but the ,sweet sorts are rather oftener sent in four-pound baskets and still more frequently in quart boxes4 ,in the larger packages not much effort is made to make the fruit attractive but in the smaller ones1 stemless and bruised cherries are thrown out and the package filled1 stem down1 with the best fruits4 ,in fancy grades all of the fruit in the box is layered4 ,the demands of the market1 of course1 determine the package and the manner of packing4 ,cherries are seldom stored longer than a few days at most in common storage and a week or two weeks in cold storage4 ,there is a marked difference in the shipping and keeping qualities of varieties of cherries1 the sorts that keep longest and ship best1 quite at the expense of quality1 having the call of the markets4 ,undoubtedly this must remain so1 though it is to be desired that local markets1 at least1 be supplied with the best1 irrespective of handling qualities4 ,a further factor that prevents the placing of choicely good cherries in distant markets at all times is brown-rot1 to be discussed later1 which more often attacks the juicy and usually the best-flavored varieties1 oftentimes ruining the pack on the way to market--one of the most discouraging events incidental to cherry-growing4 ,marketing machinery for cherries is at present very costly1 inadequate and frequently sadly out of gear4 ,the fruit passes first from the grower to a local buyer who ships to a center of consumption1 transportation companies taking heavy toll on the way4 ,jobbers or commission companies1 who in some cases receive the fruit direct from the grower1 then distribute the crop to retailers in the consuming centers4 ,lastly1 the retailer parcels out the quantities and the qualities demanded by the housewife4 ,the whole business of selling the crop is speculative and the grower is fortunate to receive half of what the consumer pays and not infrequently has all of his pains for nothing or may even be forced to dip into his pocket for transportation4 ,the perishableness of the product and the present defects of distribution go far to make the crop the hazardous one it is but all look forward to better times coming under an improved system of marketing4 ,up to the present1 it must be said1 but little effort has been made in ,new ,york to ship far and to develop a trade in cherries other than at the canneries4 ,the canners have until the last year or two taken the cream of the crop but with recent greatly increased plantings are now over-supplied4 ,the average grower1 possessing a mixture of mental inertia and business caution1 has not sought other sources for the surplus fruit4 ,bolder and more energetic spirits are now developing new markets and opening up those to which other tree-fruits more generally go so that the present over-production may prove a blessing in disguise4 ,the greatly increased demand1 for ,sour ,cherries in particular1 brought about by the development of markets in #aiac-ad1 are most hopeful signs for the future of the cherry industry4 ,,cherry ,,diseases ,cherries1 without preventive or remedial intervention1 are at the mercy of two or three fungus diseases and sometimes several others are virulent1 depending upon locality1 season1 weather and variety4 ,one of these diseases1 brown-rot1 in spite of the great advances in plant pathology of recent years1 is almost beyond the control of preventive or remedial measures4 ,happily1 all the others yield better to treatment4 ,brown-rot#ee 7,sclerotinia fructigena 7,persoon7 ,schroeter71 sometimes known as fruit-mold or ripe-rot1 very frequently attacks flowers and shoots but is most conspicuous on the ripe or ripening cherries where its presence is quickly detected by a dark discoloration of the skin which is afterwards partly or wholly covered with pustule-like aggregations of gray spores4 ,the decayed fruits usually fall to the ground but sometimes hang to the tree1 becoming shriveled mummies1 each mummy being a storehouse of fungus threads and spores from which infestation spreads to the next crop4 ,the disease1 in some seasons1 like a withering blight1 attacks twigs1 flowers and leaves early in the spring doing great damage to the young growth and often wholly preventing the setting of fruit4 ,the rot spreads with surprising rapidity on the fruits in warm1 damp weather either before the fruit is picked or in baskets while being shipped or stored4 ,preventive remedies have so far met with but indifferent success2 probably the best method of control is to destroy the mummy-like fruits and all other sources of infection either by picking them from the trees1 or much better by plowing them under deeply4 ,varieties of cherries show various degrees of susceptibility to brown-rot4 ,all ,sweet ,cherries are more subject to the disease than the ,sour sorts4 ,but with either of the two species there are great variations in the susceptibility of the varietal hosts--a matter specially noted in a later chapter in the discussion of varieties4 ,another serious disease of the cherry1 and probably the most striking one in appearance1 is the black-knot#ef 7,plowrightia morbosa 7,schweinitz7 ,saccardo71 characterized by wart-like excrescences on shoots and branches4 ,black-knot looks more like the work of an insect than a fungus and was long supposed to be such even by those who were studying the trouble4 ,the knots begin to form early in the summer and are of characteristic color and texture--dark green1 soft and velvety1 but in the fall1 as the fungus ripens1 the color changes to coal-black and the knots become hard and more or less brittle4 ,the excrescences usually form on one side of a twig or branch so that death seldom follows quickly4 ,the disease attacks both wild and cultivated plants in every part of this continent where cherries are grown but is epidemic only in the ,east1 the cherry regions of the ,west being practically free from the disease4 ,up to the present time the fungus has not been found elsewhere than in ,america4 ,happily1 black-knot may be controlled by cutting out the diseased wood4 ,to completely eradicate the fungus1 if it is especially virulent1 however1 the orchard must be gone over several times during a season4 ,in ,new ,york the removal of black-knot is ordered by law1 the results showing that when the law is obeyed1 especially if there be hearty co-operation among growers1 eradication is usually possible4 ,sweet ,cherries are much less attacked by black-knot than the ,sour sorts but the differences in immunity between varieties in either of the two species are not very marked--at least such is the case on the grounds of this ,station where the disease is always present and is often very prevalent4 ,exoascus cerasi ,fuckel#eg is the cause of a very striking deformity of the cherry in ,europe1 both ,prunus avium and ,prunus cerasus being attacked4 ,the disease has been reported in ,america but has not yet become virulent4 ,the fungus attacks the branches1 causing a clustering of the twigs in the form of a broom1 giving it the name witches' broom4 ,the leaves on the diseased twigs usually take on a crinkled shape and a reddish color4 ,the malady may be readily prevented by the destruction of affected branches4 ,in common with other species of ,prunus the foliage of cherries is attacked by several fungi which produce diseased spots on the leaves1 the dead areas usually dropping out leaving holes as if punctured by shot4 ,thus we have shot-hole fungus1 leaf-spot and leaf-blight as effects of these diseases4 ,three fungi are in the main responsible for these leaf troubles2 these are ,cylindrosporium padi ,karsten1#eh ,mycosphrella cerasella ,aderhold#ei and ,cercospora circumscissa#fj ,saccardo4 ,the ravages of these fungi are prevented by the proper use of bordeaux mixture and lime and sulphur1 remedies which1 however1 must be used with some care to avoid spray injury4 ,with these1 as with other fungi1 cultivation has a salutary effect as it destroys diseased leaves which harbor the fungi during their resting period4 ,cherry leaves are often covered with a grayish powder which in severe cases causes them to curl and crinkle and sometimes to drop4 ,this powdery substance consists of the spore-bearing organs of a mildew#fa 7,podosphra oxyacanth ,de ,bary74 ,powdery mildew is much more common on nursery stock than on fruiting trees and in ,new ,york is a serious pest on young cherry trees4 ,in the nursery1 injury may be prevented by the use of copper sprays or lime and sulphur1 either of which is also an efficient preventive in the orchard but the mildew is seldom prevalent enough on orchard plants to require treatment4 ,wherever cherries are grown in either the nursery or orchard1 crown gall#fb 7,bacterium tumefaciens ,smith and ,townsend7 has obtained a footing4 ,in the ,north at least1 it seldom greatly injures old trees1 but if the galls girdle a nursery plant serious injury results4 ,therefore1 badly infected young trees showing galls should not be planted4 ,however1 but little harm is liable to result under most conditions4 ,when infected plants have been planted it has been found that galls vary greatly in duration1 sometimes disappearing within a year or two and at other times persisting indefinitely4 ,the tumor-like structures are usually at the collar of the plant and vary from the size of a pea to that of a man's fist1 forming at maturity rough1 knotty1 dark-colored masses4 ,neither prevention nor cure has been discovered1 though it is known that soils may be inoculated with the disease from infected stock and that1 therefore1 diseased trees should not be planted in soils virgin to the galls4 ,it is probable that there are differences in the susceptibility of ,sweet and ,sour cherries to the fungus and that the varieties of the two species vary in their resistance but as yet no one seems to have reported on the differences in susceptibility of cherries to the disease4 ,the leaf-rust#fc 7,puccinia pruni-spinos ,persoon7 of stone-fruits1 occurring rarely on the fruit1 sometimes attacks cultivated cherries and is a rather common disease of the wild ,prunus serotina4 ,this rust is troublesome only1 however1 in warm1 moist climates4 ,it is most apparent in the fall and is easily recognized through its numerous rust-colored sori on the underside of the leaves4 ,defoliation takes place in severe infestations4 ,either bordeaux mixture or lime and sulphur may be used as a preventive4 ,old cherry trees are often attacked by a fleshy fungus or toadstool#fd 7,polyporus sulphureus 7,bulliard7 ,fries74 ,this fungus is said to be world-wide in its distribution and to occur upon a large variety of trees4 ,it is very striking in appearance1 the clusters appearing during late summer or early autumn in large1 shelving branches1 the sporophores fleshy and of cheese-like consistency when young but becoming hard and woody with age4 ,at first the toadstools are all yellow but later only the under surfaces are yellow while the upper surface is orange-red4 ,the plants are more or less odoriferous1 the odor increasing with age4 ,happily1 the fungus is not very virulent but is often the cause of decay in the tree-trunk--the brown-rot of the wood of this and other orchard and forest plants4 ,in localities where the fungus thrives it may usually be controlled by covering all wounds with tar or other antiseptic materials4 ,at least two other fleshy fungi have been found injuring cherries4 ,these are ,clitocybe parasitica ,wilcox#fe and ,armillaria mellea ,vahl41#ff the latter the honey agaric1 more or less abundant in both ,europe and ,america4 ,both are associated with and are probably a cause of the root-rot of the cherry and other orchard fruits4 ,neither is a common enough pest in this country1 however1 to receive extensive description in texts on diseases of plants4 ,control measures are different in localities where fungi occur1 consisting in the main of getting rid of stumps and roots in orchard lands and planting to field crops before using for orchard purposes4 ,infected trees should be removed or isolated by trenching about them4 ,all stone-fruits suffer more or less from an excessive flow of gum4 ,the name gummosis#fg is generally applied to these troubles4 ,gumming is much more prevalent in the far ,west than in the ,east but is to be found wherever stone-fruits are grown4 ,this excessive gumming is a secondary effect of injuries caused by fungi1 bacteria1 insects1 frost1 sunscald1 and mechanical agencies4 ,there is a good deal of difference in the susceptibilities of varieties and species to this trouble1 the ,sweet ,cherry suffering much more than the ,sour sorts and varieties of other species having hard wood suffering less than those having softer wood4 ,there is less gummosis1 too1 on trees in soils favoring the maturity of wood2 under conditions where sun and frost are not injurious2 and1 obviously1 in orchards where by good care the primary causes of the diseases are kept out4 ,a number of diseases of the trunk arise from mechanical injuries from wind1 sun1 frost and hail4 ,few1 indeed1 are the fruit-growers whose trees are not occasionally damaged in one way or another in the vicissitudes of a trying climate4 ,very often these mechanical injuries are followed by fungal parasites or insects so as to make it difficult to distinguish the primary from the secondary trouble4 ,there is a wide difference in the susceptibility of ,prunus avium and ,prunus cerasus to such injuries1 the ,sweet ,cherry1 with its softer wood1 being much more easily injured by any and all stresses of weather than the ,sour ,cherry4 ,in the main the elements cannot be combated but low heading of the trees is a preventive from sunscald1 at least1 and sometimes may have a favorable effect in preventing wind and frost injuries4 #ee ,smith1 ,e4 ,f4 ,peach ,rot and ,peach ,blight1 ,journ4 ,myc4 #e3abc-acd4 #ahhi4 ,quaintance1 ,a4 ,l4 ,the ,brown ,rot1 etc41 ,ga4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ej3bcg-bfi1 figs4 #a-i4 #aijj4 #ef ,farlow1 ,w4 ,g4 ,the ,black ,knot1 ,bulletin ,bussey ,institution #ddj-dec4 #ahgf4 ,halsted1 ,b4 ,d4 ,destroy the ,black ,knot1 etc41 ,n4 ,j4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gh3a-ad4 #ahia4 #eg ,duggar1 ,b4 ,m4 ,fungous ,diseases of ,plants #ahe1 fig4 #fh4 #aiji4 #eh ,higgins1 ,b4 ,b4 ,contributions to the ,life ,history and ,physiology of ,cylindrosporium on ,stone ,fruits1 ,am4 ,jour4 ,bot4 #a3ade-agc4 #aiad4 #ei ,aderhold1 ,r4 ,mycosphaerella cerasella n4 spec41 die ,perithecienform von ,cercospora cerasella ,sacc4 und ihre ,entwicklung1 ,ber4 d4 deut4 bot4 ,ges4 #ah3bdf-bdi4 #aijj4 #fj ,duggar1 ,b4 ,m4 ,fungous ,diseases of ,plants #cad4 #aiji4 ,pierce1 ,n4 ,b4 ,a ,disease of ,almond ,trees1 ,jour4 ,myc4 #g3ff-fg1 ,pls4 #aa-ad4 #ahib4 #fa ,duggar1 ,b4 ,m4 ,fungous ,diseases of ,plants #bbf4 #aiji4 #fb ,smith1 ,e4 ,f4 and ,townsend1 ,c4 ,o4 ,a ,plant ,tumor of ,bacterial ,origin1 ,science #be3fga-fgc4 #aijg4 ,toumey1 ,j4 ,w4 ,cause and ,nature of ,crown ,gall1 ,ariz4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #cc3a-fd1 figs4 #a-ca4 #aijj4 ,hedgcock1 ,g4 ,c4 ,crown ,gall1 etc41 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,bur4 ,pl4 ,ind4 ,bul4 #ij3ae-ag1 ,pls4 #c-e4 #aijf4 #fc ,scribner1 ,f4 ,l4 ,leaf ,rust of the ,cherry1 etc41 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,rpt4 #cec-cee1 ,pl4 #c4 #ahhg4 #fd ,atkinson1 ,geo4 ,f4 ,studies of ,some ,shade ,tree and ,timber ,destroying ,fungi1 ,cor4 ,agl4 ,exp4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #aic3bjh-bad4 #aija4 ,schrenk1 ,h4 von4 ,div4 ,veg4 ,phys4 and ,path41 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ,agl4 #be3dj-eb1 ,pls4 #aa 7in part71 #ac4 #aijj4 #fe ,wilcox1 ,e4 ,m4 ,a ,rhizomorphic ,root-,rot of ,fruit ,trees1 ,okla4 ,agr4 ,exp4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #di3a-cb1 ,pls4 #a-aa4 #aija4 #ff ,duggar1 ,b4 ,m4 ,fungous ,diseases of ,plants #dgc4 #aiji4 #fg ,hedrick1 ,u4 ,p4 ,gumming of the ,prune ,tree1 ,ore4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #de3fh-gb4 #ahig4 ,,cherry ,,insects ,insects troubling cherries are numerous but hardly as destructive as with other tree-fruits4 ,entomologists list about #dj species of insects attacking cherries and about as many more occasionally attack the varieties of one or the other of the two cultivated species4 ,the majority of these pests came with the tree from its habitat over the sea but several have come from the wild cherries of this continent4 ,of the pests peculiar to the cherry alone1 possibly the cherry fruit maggot#fh 7,rhagoletis cingulata ,loew7 is1 the country over1 as troublesome as any4 ,the adult insect is a small fly with barred wings which lays eggs under the skin of the cherry in mid-summer4 ,from these eggs small1 whitish maggots about one-third of an inch long hatch and eat out a cavity in the ripening fruit4 ,these maggots when full grown pupate in the ground and remain there until the following season4 ,the only effective preventive or remedial measure to take against the pest in large orchards is to spray with a sweetened arsenical1 but in small plantations chickens are fairly effective in scratching up and eating the pupating maggots4 ,the cherry fruit maggot is probably responsible for most of the wormy cherries in ,new ,york but the plum curculio is also a cause of wormy fruits and in some seasons is a most formidable pest4 ,this curculio#fi 7,conotrachelus nenuphar ,herbst7 is a rough1 grayish snout-beetle somewhat less than a quarter of an inch in length1 so familiar an insect as scarcely to need further description4 ,the female beetle pierces the skin of the young cherries and places an egg in the puncture4 ,about this cavity she gouges out a crescent-shaped trench1 this cut or sting being a most discouraging sign to the cherry-grower1 for he well knows that from the eggs come1 within a week or two1 white and footless grubs which burrow to the stone and make wormy fruit4 ,some of the infested cherries drop but many remain eventually to distract the housewife and those who eat cherries out of hand4 ,jarring the beetles from the trees1 a method employed by plum-growers1 is quite too expensive and ineffective for the cherry-grower and poisoning with an arsenate is the only practical means of combating the pest4 ,rubbish and vegetation offer hiding places for the insects and1 therefore1 cultivated orchards are freer from curculio than those laid down to grass4 ,there are no curculio-proof cherries but1 as with plums1 the thin-skinned varieties are damaged most by the insect4 ,the grub of the plum curculio is easily distinguished from the cherry fruit maggot4 ,this worm is the larva of a beetle1 a true grub1 footless and with a brownish1 horny head while the cherry fruit maggot1 the larva of a two-winged insect1 is a true maggot like that which comes from the common house-fly and hardly to be distinguished from the apple maggot4 ,it is important to be able to distinguish in wormy cherries the grub of the curculio from the cherry fruit maggot in order to know and understand the nature of the two enemies in combating them4 ,another pest of this fruit is the cherry leaf-beetle 7,galerucella cavicollis ,le ,conte7 the larvae of which sometimes do much damage to cherry foliage4 ,the adult insect is an oval1 reddish beetle about one-fourth of an inch long with black legs and antennae4 ,both the adult and the larvae feed on the leaves and do much damage if abundant4 ,usually there are two broods1 the insect pupating in the ground4 ,fortunately the pest is easily controlled with the arsenical sprays4 ,the cherry scale 7,aspidiotus forbesi ,johnson7 is commonly found on this fruit and occasionally on others as well4 ,to the unaided eye it is very similar to the well-known ,san ,jos scale1 differing chiefly in being lighter in color4 ,the remedy is the same as for the ,san ,jos scale1 which we next discuss4 ,the dreaded ,san ,jos scale#gj 7,aspidiotus perniciosus ,comstock7 is rather less harmful to cherries than to other tree-fruits and yet is sometimes a serious pest on ,sweet ,cherries4 ,sour ,cherries are almost immune4 ,the insect is now so well known in all fruit-growing regions that it needs no description4 ,it is usually first recognized by its work1 evidence of its presence being dead or dying twigs--oftentimes the whole tree is moribund4 ,examination shows the twigs or trees to be covered with myriads of minute scales1 the size of a small pin-head1 which give the infested bark a scurfy1 ashy look4 ,if the bark be cut or scraped a reddish discoloration is found4 ,leaves and fruit as well as bark are infested1 the insidious pest1 however1 usually first gaining a foothold on the trunks or a large branch4 ,cherry-growers1 in common with all fruit-growers1 find the lime and sulphur solution the most effective spray in combating this insect4 ,several other scale insects feed on the cherries and1 now and then1 become pestiferous2 among these the following may be named3 ,the ,european fruit lecanium#ga 7,lecanium corni ,bouch7 occasionally does a great deal of damage in ,new ,york and now and then destroys the whole crop in an orchard4 ,the winter treatment for ,san ,jos scale is used to control this pest1 but usually such treatment is supplemented by a summer spray about ,july first with such contact sprays as whale oil soap and kerosene emulsion4 ,the fruit pulvinaria 7,pulvinaria amygdali ,cockerell71 the mealy bug 7,pseudococcus longispinus ,targioni71 the scurfy scale 7,chionaspis furfura ,fitch71 the ,west ,indian peach scale 7,aulacaspis pentagona ,targioni71 the ,putnam scale 7,aspidiotus ancylus ,putnam71 the walnut scale 7,aspidiotus juglans-regi ,comstock71 ,howard's scale 7,aspidiotus howardii ,cockerell71 the ,european fruit scale 7,aspidiotus ostreformis ,curtis71 the red scale of ,california 7,chrysomphalus aurantii ,maskell71 the oyster-shell scale 7,lepidosaphes ulmi ,linnaeus71 and the soft scale 7,coccus hesperidum ,linnaeus71 are all more or less common4 ,several borers occasionally infest cherry trees of which the peach borer#gb 7,sanninoidea exitiosa ,say47 is the most troublesome4 ,larvae of the peach borer are frequently found in both ,sweet and ,sour ,cherries1 more particularly in ,sweet ,cherries1 in eastern orchards4 ,fortunately this pest is not as rife with the cherry as with peaches and plums4 ,its work may be prevented by thorough cultivation1 by mounding the trees and1 according to some1 by the use of a covering of tar or of obnoxious or poisonous washes4 ,usually preventive measures are not effective1 however1 and the borer must be destroyed--best done by digging it out with a knife and wire4 ,since the pest is easily discovered through the exudation of gum mixed with sawdust or excreta1 close to the surface or just beneath the ground1 its presence can be detected in time to prevent its doing much damage4 ,the lesser peach borer#gc 7,sesia pictipes ,grote ,robinson7 often attacks old or weakened cherry trees1 working in the growing tissues of the trunk anywhere from the ground to the main branches4 ,the worm is much like the common peach borer1 known by all1 but is smaller1 rarely reaching the length of four-fifths of an inch when full grown4 ,the flat-headed apple tree borer#gd 7,chrysobothris femorata ,fabricius7 is a common pest in wild cherries and sometimes seriously attacks the cultivated species4 ,it is treated as is the peach borer4 ,the shot-hole borer#ge 7,eccoptogaster rugulosus ,ratzeburg71 though seldom injuring healthy trees1 is very often a serious menace in old or decrepit cherry trees4 ,it may be looked upon1 however1 as an effect rather than a cause4 ,the peach bark-beetle#gf 7,phlotribus liminaris ,harris7 is very similar in its work to the shot-hole borer and like it attacks only diseased and decrepit trees4 ,all cherry-growers are familiar with the small1 dark green1 slimy slugs which feed on the surface of the leaves of the cherry1 possibly more common on the foliage of pears1 eating out the soft tissues and leaving but the skeleton of the leaf4 ,if the slugs are numerous the tree may be defoliated or if the leaves remain the foliage looks as if scorched4 ,the adult of this slug is a sawfly 7,caliroa 7,eriocampoides7 cerasi ,linnaeus7 which lays its eggs within the tissue of the leaves4 ,despite the fact that it is easily destroyed by any of the arsenical sprays or by dusting with lime this slug everywhere does much damage to cherries4 ,wild cherries suffer severely from the tent caterpillar#gg 7,malacosoma americana ,fabricius7 and occasionally cultivated trees are attacked4 ,the arsenical sprays are fatal to the pest4 ,the spring canker-worm#gh 7,paleacrita vernata ,peck7 and the fall canker-worm#gi 7,alsophila pometaria ,harris71 the white-marked tussock moth 7,hemerocampa leucostigma ,smith and ,abbot71 the rusty tussock moth 7,hemerocampa antiqua ,linnaeus71 and the definite-marked tussock moth 7,hemerocampa definita ,packard7 are all occasional cherry pests and all succumb to poisonous sprays4 ,the two now notorious ,european pests recently introduced into ,america1 gypsy moth 7,porthetria dispar ,linnaeus7 and the browntail moth 7,euproctis chrysorrha ,linnaeus71 attack cherry trees in common with other deciduous trees and may often do considerable damage4 ,sometimes1 but not often1 the buds of the cherry are attacked by the bud-moth 7,spilonota 7,tmetocera7 ocellana ,schiffermller71 the caterpillars of which bind the young leaves together as they expand so that small1 dead1 brown clusters of foliage are to be seen here and there where the pests are at work4 ,spraying with arsenicals is effective if done just as the buds begin to open4 ,in sandy soils the cherry is sometimes attacked by hordes of the common rose-chafer 7,macrodactylus subspinosus ,fabricius71 leaves1 flowers and even the fruit suffering from the pest4 ,it is a difficult insect to control but a spray of arsenate of lead with molasses is fairly effective4 ,it is important to know that the insect does not often breed in ground kept in clean cultivation4 #fh ,slingerland1 ,m4 ,v4 ,bul4 ,cor4 ,ag4 ,ex4 ,sta4 #agb3 #ahii4 #fi ,riley1 ,c4 ,v4 ,an4 ,rpt4 ,state ,entom4 ,mo4 #a3ej-ef4 #ahfi2 #c3aa-bi4 #ahga4 #gj ,marlatt1 ,c4 ,l4 ,the ,san ,jos or ,chinese ,scale1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,bur4 ,ent4 ,bul4 #fb3a-hi4 #aijf4 #ga ,lowe1 ,v4 ,h4 ,the ,new ,york ,plum ,lecanium1 ,n4 ,y4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #acf3ehc4 #ahig4 #gb ,beutenmller1 ,w4 ,sesiidae of ,america1 etc4 #bff-bga4 #aija4 #gc ,ibid4 #bia-bib4 #aija4 #gd ,riley1 ,c4 ,v4 ,an4 ,rpt4 ,state ,entoml4 ,mo4 #a3df-dg4 #ahfi4 #ge ,lowe1 ,v4 ,h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ahj3aab-abh4 #aijj4 #gf ,wilson1 ,w4 ,f4 ,the ,peach-tree ,bark-beetle1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,bur4 ,ent4 ,bul4 #fh3ia-ajh4 #aiji4 #gg ,lowe1 ,v4 ,h4 ,the ,apple-tree ,tent ,caterpillar1 ,n4 ,y4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #aeb3bgi-bic4 #ahih4 #gh ,riley1 ,c4 ,v4 ,an4 ,rpt4 ,state ,entom4 ,mo4 #b3id-ajc4 #ahgj4 #gi ,ibid4 #g3hc-ij4 #ahge4 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,leading ,,varieties ,,of ,,cherries ,,abbesse ,d',,oignies ,prunus avium ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ahb4 #ahff4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3afa1 #afb fig4 #ahgg4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bgf1 #bgg4 #ahhd4 #d4 ,mich4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbi4 #ahhh4 #e4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bhd4 #aijc4 #f4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3fb fig4 #aijg4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #che3cjg1 #cjh1 ,pl4 #aiad4 ,abbesse d',oignies has so many good characters that it is well worth trying commercially wherever cherries are grown in the ,united ,states4 ,curiously enough1 it seems so far to have been tried only in the ,middle ,west1 ,professor ,budd having introduced it in ,iowa from ,russia in #ahhc4 ,in the unfavorable soil and climatic conditions of the ,mississippi ,valley1 ,abbesse d',oignies grows as well as any cherry of its class1 if we may judge from the accounts of it4 ,we do not know of its having been tried elsewhere in the ,east than on our grounds and here we find it1 in competition with practically all of the varieties of its class1 one of the best of the ,dukes4 ,at this ,station it does so well that we described it1 in the reference given1 as one of the noteworthy fruits in our collection4 ,the trees are large1 vigorous1 hardy1 fruitful and very free from fungus diseases4 ,the cherries are large1 dark red1 of most excellent quality1 combining the flavor of the ,dukes with a firmer and yet tenderer flesh than the ,montmorency4 ,the high quality1 handsome appearance and good shipping qualities of the fruit1 combined with the splendid characters of the tree1 ought to make ,abbesse d',oignies a very good commercial variety4 ,this cherry probably originated in ,belgium about the middle of the ,nineteenth ,century4 ,at least it was first listed in ,belgian nursery catalogs in #ahed4 ,it is now a greater or less favorite wherever cherries are grown in the ,old ,world1 ,professor ,budd having found it1 as we have said1 in #ahhc1 in ,russia and immediately transported it to ,america4 ,illustration3 ,,abbesse d',,oignies ,tree characteristically large and vigorous1 upright-spreading1 round-topped but with drooping branchlets1 hardy1 productive2 trunk stocky1 with shaggy bark2 branches thick1 smooth1 ash-gray over reddish-brown1 with many lenticels2 branchlets short1 with short internodes1 brownish1 roughened by transverse wrinkles and by numerous conspicuous1 small1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves two and one-half inches wide1 five and one-half inches long1 folded upward1 obovate1 thick2 upper surface glossy1 dark green2 lower surface light green1 slightly pubescent1 distinctly ribbed by the larger veins2 apex taper-pointed1 base acute2 margin with small1 black glands1 coarsely and doubly serrate2 petiole one and one-quarter inches long1 thick1 lightly tinged with red1 grooved1 with one or two small1 globose1 reddish-orange glands4 ,buds rather long1 pointed1 free1 arranged often in elongated clusters at the ends of long spurs2 leaf-scars very prominent2 season of bloom medium1 averaging five days in length2 flowers white1 one and three-sixteenths inches across2 borne in dense clusters at the ends of long spurs or spur-like branches1 well distributed1 varying from one to three2 pedicels one-half inch long1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube reddish1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes tinged red1 long1 narrow1 somewhat acuminate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish-oval1 entire1 nearly sessile1 with a broad1 shallow notch at the apex2 filaments one-quarter inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit late2 three-fourths inch long1 seven-eighths inch thick1 roundish-oblate1 slightly compressed2 cavity of medium depth1 wide1 regular2 suture a line2 apex roundish1 slightly depressed2 color dark red2 dots numerous1 small1 light russet1 conspicuous2 stem slender1 one and one-half inches long1 adhering to the fruit2 skin tough2 flesh yellowish-white1 with colorless juice1 slightly stringy1 tender and soft1 sprightly subacid2 of very good quality2 stone free1 about three-eighths inch in diameter1 roundish1 turgid1 slightly pointed1 with smooth surfaces2 ridged along the ventral suture4 ,,arch ,,duke ,prunus avium ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #ega4 #afbi4 #b4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 #c4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ace4 #ahcb4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahi1 #aij4 #ahde4 #e4 ,floy-,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #ig1 #ih4 #ahdf4 #f4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3cih fig4 #ahdg4 #g4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjc4 #ahed4 #h4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #ace4 #ahfg4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ab4 #ahga4 #aj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bgh1 #bgi4 #ahhd4 ,griotte de ,portugal4 #aa4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aij1 #aia1 ,pl4 ,,xiii4 #agfh4 #ab4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3big1 #bih fig4 #ahgg4 ,portugiesischer ,griottier ,weichselbaum4 #ac4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3f1 ,tab4 #af fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,herzogskirsche4 #ad4 ,christ ,handb4 #fgj4 #agig4 #ae4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhb4 #ahjb4 #af4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cga-cgf4 #ahai4 ,portugiesische ,griotte4 #ag4 ,christ ,handb4 #fgd4 #agig4 ,cerise ,royale de ,hollande4 #ah4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge4 #a3ha1 ,pl4 #ahec4 ,cerise de ,portugal4 #ai4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3adh fig4 #cg1 #adi1 #aej4 #ahff4 ,parkinson1 nearly three hundred years ago1 thought the ,arch ,duke one of the fairest and best of cherries4 ,it is now1 however1 quite surpassed by several others of the ,dukes4 ,the concensus of opinion of those who have known the true fruit of this name is that either ,may ,duke or ,late ,duke is better4 ,we give it prominence only because of its worthy past and that it may be better distinguished from ,may ,duke with which it is often confused4 ,as compared with the last-named variety it is two weeks later2 the tree is more vigorous but not as productive2 and the branches are larger1 more divergent and more pendulous4 ,the cherries are not as well flavored but are larger and have a shorter stalk4 ,this old ,english variety was first mentioned by ,parkinson in ,paradisus ,terrestris1 #afbi4 ,for many years previous to the middle of the last century the true ,arch ,duke cherry was very scarce and was often confused with other varieties1 some writers asserting that it was the ,may ,duke2 others1 the ,late ,duke4 ,in #ahdg1 however1 the true ,arch ,duke cherry was discovered in the nurseries of ,thomas ,rivers1 ,sawbridgeworth1 ,england1 having been grown there1 according to ,mr4 ,rivers1 by his ancestors for nearly a century4 ,it was then found that the fruit was quite unlike that of either ,may ,duke or ,late ,duke1 though the habit of the tree was similar4 ,it is not known when ,arch ,duke was introduced into ,america but the ,american ,pomological ,society placed it upon its fruit list in #ahga4 ,illustration3 ,,arch ,,duke ,tree medium in size1 vigorous1 somewhat upright1 hardy1 productive2 trunk stocky1 smooth2 branches slender1 long1 smooth1 reddish-brown1 marked with considerable scarf-skin1 with numerous1 rather large lenticels2 branchlets of medium length1 curved1 with short internodes1 brown mottled with ash-gray1 smooth1 glabrous1 with few small1 slightly raised1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 about two inches wide1 three inches long1 folded upward1 short-oval to obovate1 of medium thickness2 upper surface dark green2 lower surface light green1 very slightly pubescent2 apex acutely pointed2 margin finely and doubly serrate1 glandular2 petiole one inch long1 tinged with dull red1 slender1 with one or two1 rarely three small1 globose1 brownish glands at the base of the blade4 ,buds small1 short1 conical1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds or in clusters of variable size2 leaf-scars rather prominent2 season of bloom medium2 flowers white1 one and one-sixteenth inches across2 borne in clusters of twos and threes2 pedicels three-fourths inch long1 rather slender1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube with a faint tinge of red1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes with a trace of red1 of medium length and breadth1 acute1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish1 entire1 nearly sessile1 the apex entire or with a shallow1 wide notch2 anthers yellowish2 filaments three-sixteenths inch long2 pistil glabrous1 longer than the stamens4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 one and one-eighth inches in diameter1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly compressed1 flattened at the extremities2 cavity of medium depth1 narrow1 somewhat obtuse2 suture distinct2 apex flattened or depressed2 color light red becoming dark red or almost black at full maturity2 dots numerous1 of medium size1 russet1 rather inconspicuous2 stem slender1 one and one-half inches long1 rather stout at its point of insertion in the fruit1 adherent to the fruit2 skin moderately thick2 flesh light to dark red1 firm1 crisp1 slightly astringent at first1 becoming a very pleasant subacid at full maturity1 juicy1 good to very good in quality2 stone semi-clinging1 seven-sixteenths inch long1 three-eighths inch wide1 oval1 compressed1 with smooth surfaces4 ,,baldwin ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,kan4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bc3ha4 #ahih4 #b4 ,kan4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cherry1 ,the1 #ae1 #af1 ,pl4 #aijj4 #c4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3fc4 #aijc4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,baldwin is supposed to have grown from a sprout of a stock on which ,early ,richmond had been budded on the farm of ,s4 ,j4 ,baldwin1 ,seneca1 ,kansas4 ,the ,early ,richmond bud was in some manner broken off and the sprout1 springing from the stock1 was allowed to grow and first fruited in #ahia4 ,on the grounds of this ,station ,baldwin trees which came fairly direct from the originator turned out to be ,olivet4 ,the published descriptions that can be found are so scant and fragmentary that we cannot make out whether the variety is really distinct or1 as in the case of our trees1 is ,olivet renamed4 ,the variety has been rather widely disseminated in the ,middle ,west but has not shown much merit either for home or for commercial orchards in the rather lengthy probationary period it has had in the ,east4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added ,baldwin to its fruit list in #aiji4 ,the description we give is a compilation4 ,tree vigorous1 upright1 round-topped2 leaves large1 broad2 flowers white1 changing to pink4 ,fruit ripens early2 usually borne in pairs2 large1 round2 stem of medium length1 rather thick2 color very dark red1 yet almost transparent2 flavor slightly acid1 yet considered one of the sweetest and richest of the ,morello class4 ,,baumann ,,may ,prunus avium #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #afh fig4 #fj4 #ahde4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bgi4 #ahhd4 ,frhe ,maiherzkirsche4 #d4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3a1 ,tab4 #a4 #agib4 #e4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #adj1 #ada1 #adb4 #ahai4 #f4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #di fig41 #ej4 #ahfj4 #g4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdh1 #cdi4 #ahhi4 ,ssse ,maiherzkirsche4 #h4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffb4 #agig4 ,may ,bigarreau4 #i4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bcd4 #ahda4 #aj4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #g3bhh4 #ahda4 #aa4 ,cultivator ,n4 ,s4 #d3bhj fig4 #a4 #ahdg4 #ab4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3ee1 #ef1 ,pl4 #ahea4 ,guigne ,prcoce de ,mai4 #ac4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ed fig4 #b1 #ee1 #ef4 #ahff4 #ad4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ea1 #eb1 fig4 #bf4 #ahhb4 ,bigarreau ,baumann4 #ae4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3agf fig41 #agg4 #ahgg4 ,guigne de ,mai4 #af4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #ajb fig41 #ajc4 #aijd4 ,baumann ,may is an early ,sweet ,cherry which at one time held high place among its kind but a century of culture proved that it had little value except for extreme earliness and it is now but sparingly or not at all grown either in ,america or abroad4 ,if the variety could be obtained it might be worth growing for breeding work because of its earliness and great productiveness4 ,at one time this variety was rather largely grown in central and western ,new ,york and specimens of it must yet remain in this region4 ,from the latter part of the ,eighteenth ,century1 when we first find an account of this variety in ,kraft's ,pomona ,austriaca1 to the last of the ,nineteenth1 writers have described ,baumann ,may under many different names4 ,from all accounts it originated toward the latter part of the ,eighteenth ,century1 in ,germany4 ,from ,germany it was introduced into ,alsace where ,f4 ,j4 ,baumann1 a nurseryman at ,bollweiler1 grew it in his nursery under the name ,bigarreau ,baumann and disseminated it throughout the ,french provinces4 ,the cherry was received in ,america1 with several others1 by ,colonel ,m4 ,p4 ,wilder of ,boston1 ,massachusetts1 from ,messrs4 ,baumann1 about the year #ahch4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society listed the variety1 in #ahfb1 in its fruit catalog as ,bauman's ,may but dropped it again in #ahga4 ,the following description is a compilation3 ,tree vigorous1 somewhat spreading1 regular in form1 compact1 very productive2 branches stocky1 nearly horizontal but often curved downward2 branchlets with short internodes1 reddish-brown nearly covered with silver-gray scarf-skin2 leaves medium to large1 dark green1 ovate-oblong1 coarsely and deeply serrate2 petiole rather short1 with two large1 reniform glands near the base of the leaf2 buds large1 ovate2 flowers of medium size1 opening very early4 ,fruit matures very early2 medium to rather small1 ovate-cordate1 angular1 irregular in outline2 color dark red becoming nearly black when fully ripe2 stem one and three-quarters inches long1 rather thick2 flesh purplish-red1 with abundant juice1 soft and tender1 sweet1 well flavored2 of good quality2 stone medium in size1 roundish-ovate4 ,,bessarabian ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,ia4 ,agr4 ,col4 ,bul4 #ec4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #b3ch4 #ahhh4 #c4 ,ibid4 #ai3edi4 #ahib4 #d4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #ag3f4 #ahib4 #e4 ,mich4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bdd4 #ahid4 #f4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #ci1 #dj4 #ahie4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ag4 #ahig4 #h4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abb1 #abc fig4 #h1 #abd4 #aijj4 #i4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3ab4 #aiaj4 ,by general consent ,bessarabian has a place in home orchards in the colder parts of the ,mississippi ,valley and the ,great ,plains4 ,it is very hardy and is said to thrive even under neglect--standing as much abuse as a forest tree4 ,as compared with standard commercial cherries of the ,east the fruit is distinctly inferior in size and quality1 being hardly fit to eat out of hand1 and is sour and astringent even when cooked4 ,the trees1 though hardy and healthy1 are dwarfish and not productive because of the smallness of the cherries4 ,it is an early cherry but the fruit hangs long4 ,the variety is said to root well from cuttings1 which1 if true1 might make it worth while trying as a stock4 ,bessarabian is a variant of ,english ,morello1 the fruit of which sort greatly excels it wherever the trees can be equally well grown4 ,this variety was brought to ,america from ,russia about #ahhc1 by ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd of ,ames1 ,iowa1 who believed it to belong to a race of cherries originally found in central ,asia4 ,tree of medium size1 upright1 becoming somewhat spreading1 compact1 healthy1 unproductive1 very hardy2 branches somewhat drooping1 long1 slender2 leaves abundant1 medium to small1 oval1 coarsely serrate1 dark green1 broad1 flat2 glands few1 usually on the stalk at the base of the leaf4 ,fruit matures medium early1 remaining on the tree a long time in good condition2 medium in size1 roundish-oblate to cordate1 irregular1 bright red becoming dark red2 stem long1 varying from one and three-fourths to two inches in length1 slender1 curved2 skin tender2 flesh light to dark red1 with abundant colored juice1 variable in firmness1 sprightly subacid becoming milder when fully ripe2 fair in quality2 stone variable in size1 roundish-oval1 semi-clinging4 ,,bigarreau ,p,,lissier ,prunus avium #a4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #ib fig41 #ic4 #aijd4 #b4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #cj fig4 #aijf4 ,plissiers ,knorpelkirsche4 #c4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #eg4 #aijg4 ,this variety originated in ,france as a chance seedling about #ahhc and fruited first in #ahia4 ,it was introduced a few years later by ,m4 ,auguste ,plissier1 a nurseryman at ,chteau-,renard1 ,bouches-du-,rhne1 ,france4 ,although not yet well established even in ,france1 this cherry is considered promising for market1 because of its firm flesh1 handsome appearance1 high quality and good tree-characters4 ,it is included among the major varieties in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york that the attention of ,american cherry-growers may be called to it4 ,as yet it seems not to have been tried in this country4 ,the following description is compiled3 ,tree upright1 vigorous1 very productive2 branches rather long1 large1 bearing large1 oval leaves2 flowers large1 semi-open2 blooming season early4 ,fruit matures from early ,june to the last of ,june2 large or very large1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly depressed at the apex1 with a shallow yet distinct suture2 stem short1 thick2 skin rather thick1 firm1 yellowish almost entirely overspread with vivid red which becomes darker at maturity but often showing streaks of clear red2 flesh fine-grained1 firm1 juicy1 red with streaks of white1 sweet1 aromatic2 quality good to very good2 stone of medium size1 oval1 with a pronounced suture4 ,,bing ,prunus avium #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #bfb1 ,pl4 #d fig4 a4 #ahib4 #b4 ,wash4 ,bd4 ,hort4 ,rpt4 #abf1 #abh4 #ahic4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahii4 #d4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aab4 #aijj4 #e4 ,ibid4 #bf4 #aijd4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aib4 #aijg4 #g4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #ahg4 #aijh4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 #i4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3bc4 #aiaj4 ,bing is one of the best of the several very good cherries from the ,pacific ,northwest4 ,but few ,sweet ,cherries equal it in size and attractiveness and none surpass it in quality1 so that it may be said to be as good as any of the dessert cherries4 ,it is1 too1 a very good shipping fruit1 ranking with the best of the ,bigarreaus1 to which group it belongs1 as a cherry for distant markets4 ,another quality commending the variety is that it hangs well on the trees and the crop ripens at one time so that the harvest consists of but one picking4 ,while many cherry-growers speak well of the trees1 unfortunately we cannot do so from their behavior on the grounds of this ,station4 ,they have not been as vigorous1 as healthy or as productive as cherry trees should be in a commercial variety of first rank4 ,the cause1 however1 may be in the location rather than in the variety1 for in an orchard but a few miles distant ,bing does much better than on these grounds4 ,the variety1 though comparatively new1 is no longer on probation4 ,it has a niche in the cherry flora of the country1 deserving a place in the collection of every amateur by virtue of its splendid fruit4 ,when it is happy in soil and climate1 ,bing is bound to be one of the leading commercial cherries4 ,seth ,lewelling of ,milwaukee1 ,oregon1 the originator of several of our finest cherries1 grew ,bing from the seed of ,republican in #ahge4 ,the variety was named after a ,chinese workman4 ,in #ahii the ,american ,pomological ,society placed the variety on its fruit list4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 erect becoming upright-spreading1 rather open1 productive2 trunk and branches thick1 smooth2 branches brownish with numerous1 small lenticels2 branchlets thick1 long1 with long internodes1 greenish-brown1 smooth1 pubescent1 with small1 raised1 conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves abundant1 large1 folded upward1 ovate to obovate of medium thickness2 upper surface dark green1 smooth2 lower surface light green1 pubescent2 apex abruptly pointed1 or acute1 base abrupt2 margin slightly serrate1 glandular2 petiole long1 pubescent1 thickish1 tinged red1 with from one to three large1 reniform1 reddish glands on the stalk4 ,fruit matures in mid-season or later2 very large1 one inch in diameter1 broadly cordate1 somewhat compressed1 slightly angular2 cavity deep1 of medium width1 abrupt1 regular2 suture a dark line2 apex roundish or slightly depressed2 color very dark red1 almost black2 dots small1 russet1 inconspicuous2 stem variable in thickness1 one and one-fourth inches long2 skin of medium thickness1 tough1 adherent to the pulp2 flesh purplish-red with dark purple juice1 rather coarse1 firm1 very meaty1 brittle1 sweet2 of very good quality2 stone semi-free1 large1 ovate to oval1 blunt1 with smooth surfaces4 ,,black ,,guigne ,prunus avium #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aab4 #ahcb4 ,scheur-,kers4 #b4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #dc4 #agga4 ,frhe ,schwarze ,herzkirsche4 #c4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bgd4 #ahjb4 ,guigne ,bigaudelle4 #d4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aac4 #ahcb4 ,coburger ,maiherzkirsche4 #e4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ea fig41 #eb4 #ahfj4 #f4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #cgg4 #ahha4 #g4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,iii3,no4 #a1 ,pl4 #ahhb4 ,guigne ,noire ,commune4 #h4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cbh1 #cbi fig41 #ccj4 #ahgg4 ,noire ,htive de ,cobourg4 #i4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3abc1 #abd1 fig4 #fb4 #ahhb4 ,there is much confusion in the history of this old cherry4 ,it undoubtedly originated in ,france and in that part of the country later conquered by the ,germans1 though ,mas1 in his ,pomologie ,gnrale1 mentioned it as probably of ,german origin4 ,in the time of ,louis ,,xiii this variety was known as the ,guigne ,noire ,commune and was cultivated quite extensively in ,france and northern ,italy4 ,it was esteemed both for its earliness and its fine quality and was known as ,guigne ,guindoulle by the peasants of central ,france and by the ,tuscans in ,italy as ,corbini because of the color of its skin4 ,black ,guigne1 ,black ,heart1 and ,early ,purple1 which1 while similar in many characters1 are entirely distinct1 have been badly confused by both ,french and ,german writers and it is only with the greatest difficulty that the three can be separated4 ,while this cherry was formerly considered of worth in ,continental ,europe1 it is scarcely recognized there now and was probably never brought to ,america4 ,the following description is compiled from ,european fruit-books3 ,illustration3 ,,bing ,tree very large1 round-topped1 spreading1 irregular in outline1 productive2 branches long1 large1 straight1 brownish1 mottled with gray scarf-skin2 internodes long and unequal2 leaves large1 oval or oblong1 acuminate2 margin irregularly serrate2 petiole long1 slender1 with large glands2 blooming season late2 flowers small4 ,fruit matures the last of ,june to the middle of ,july1 usually attached in pairs but sometimes in threes2 medium to large in size1 obtuse-cordate2 color bright reddish-black changing to deep purple2 suture indistinct2 stem slender1 inserted in a deep1 broad cavity2 skin thin1 tender2 flesh dark purple1 with abundant colored juice1 half-tender1 somewhat stringy1 sweet yet sprightly1 pleasantly flavored2 quality good2 stone small1 oval4 ,,black ,,hawk ,prunus avium #a4 ,horticulturist #f3cfj1 #cfa fig4 #ahea4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #de1 #bce4 #ahed4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aij fig4 #ahed4 #d4 ,hooper ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #beh1 #bgj1 #bga4 #aheg4 #e4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #chb4 #ahge4 pervier ,noir4 #f4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3da1 #db1 fig4 #ba4 #ahhb4 ,despite the fact that ,black ,hawk was lauded by the horticulturists in the middle of the last century as one of the best of all black ,sweet ,cherries1 it is now almost unknown4 ,according to the older pomologists it was unsurpassed for eating out of hand but was only mediocre in all other characters of either fruit or tree4 ,in particular it was surpassed in many ways by the better-known ,eagle which fills about the same place in cherry culture4 ,the variety was very popular in southern ,ohio about ,cincinnati where many trees may still be found and where it is still more or less planted4 ,possibly because of the excellent quality of the fruit1 the amateur might well try a tree or two4 ,the description is compiled4 ,black ,hawk originated with ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland of ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 sometime previous to #ahde4 ,it is one of the best of the many seedlings fruited by him4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahed named this sort as one of the promising new fruits and it still remains on the fruit-list of this organization4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 spreading1 round-topped1 resembling ,yellow ,spanish in habit1 productive1 healthy2 branches stout1 smooth1 dark reddish-brown1 straight2 branchlets slender1 with short internodes4 ,leaves large1 folded upward1 obovate1 rather thick2 upper surface dark green2 lower surface pale green2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin coarsely and deeply serrate2 petiole short1 stout1 bright red1 with two or more orange-red1 reniform glands4 ,buds of medium size1 rather short1 free2 flowers small or medium in size2 pedicels long1 very slender2 calyx-lobes straight1 finely serrate1 obtuse2 petals roundish1 broadly and deeply notched at the tip4 ,fruit matures about the middle of ,june1 a few days later than ,black ,tartarian2 medium to large1 obtuse-cordate1 surface uneven1 sides compressed2 cavity deep1 broad1 abrupt1 nearly regular2 color glossy1 dark purplish-black changing to almost black at complete maturity2 stem usually thick but often variable1 of medium length2 skin thick1 adhering to the pulp2 flesh purplish-black1 tender1 with abundant colored juice1 aromatic1 well flavored1 sweet2 of very good quality2 stone of medium size1 with uneven surfaces4 ,,black ,,heart ,prunus avium #a4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aae4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #afi fig4 #ahde4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aie4 #ahed4 #e4 ,thompson ,gard4 ,ass't #ebf4 #ahei4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,guignier ,fruit ,noir4 #g4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aeh1 #aei1 #afj1 ,pl4 #a fig4 #a4 #agfh4 ,frhe ,schwarze ,herzkirsche4 #h4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #aaf-aai4 #ahai4 #i4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdj1 #cdi4 #ahhi4 ,guigne ,noire ,ancienne4 #aj4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ff fig4 #g1 #fg1 #fh4 #ahff4 ,bigarreau ,noir d',espagne4 #aa4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bbc fig41 #bbd4 #ahgg4 ,although one of the oldest cherries under cultivation1 ,black ,heart is still largely grown the world over4 ,prince1 in #ahcb1 said that it was more widely cultivated in the ,united ,states than any other variety and ,downing1 in #ahde1 said ,black ,heart was then better known than any other cherry in the country4 ,while neither of these two statements would hold for ,black ,heart now1 it having long since passed its heyday of popularity1 it is still1 because of the fruitfulness of the tree and the high quality and beauty of the fruit1 a variety of much merit4 ,black ,heart fails in the commercial fruit growing of nowadays1 as compared with the cherry culture of the fruit connoisseurs of a generation ago1 because it does not meet market demands1 failing to do so through two defects3 it does not ship well and when brown-rot is rife it quickly succumbs to this fungus4 ,it is1 too1 now difficult to obtain the variety true to name1 the trees at this ,station1 as an example1 in several attempts1 turning out untrue1 which forces the use of a compiled description in this text4 ,this cherry was mentioned by ,john ,rea in #afgf but there can be no doubt but that it originated many years previous to this date4 ,probably it is the cherry mentioned by ,robert ,dodone1 a naturalist of ,malines1 ,belgium1 in #aeeb4 ,when or by whom it was introduced to ,america is not known but it was being grown here very early in the ,nineteenth ,century and ever since has been considered a valuable variety for general planting4 ,nearly every nurseryman throughout the ,united ,states lists ,black ,heart1 a fact attesting its popularity4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society placed ,black ,heart on its catalog of fruits in #ahfb1 a place which it has since retained4 ,tree large1 very vigorous1 tall1 wide-spreading1 productive2 branches stout1 brownish1 mingled with yellow1 mottled with gray scarf-skin2 lenticels numerous1 small4 ,leaves very large1 oblong1 waved1 acuminate1 nearly flat2 upper surface dark green2 margin deeply and coarsely serrate2 petiole of medium length1 lightly tinged with red1 with greenish glands4 ,buds large1 oval1 pointed2 season of bloom early or very early2 flowers medium in size2 petals roundish1 imbricated4 ,fruit matures early1 season long2 large1 obtuse-cordate1 somewhat compressed2 cavity broad2 suture deep2 surface somewhat irregular2 color dark purple becoming black2 stem one and three-fourths inches long1 slender2 skin slightly shrivelled2 flesh dark red1 firm to very firm becoming tender at full maturity1 with abundant colored juice1 sweet2 good in quality2 stone large1 roundish-ovate2 dorsal suture deep4 ,,black ,,tartarian ,prunus avium #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #acj-acb4 #ahai4 #b4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #a3dd1 ,pl4 #ahbh4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 #d4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aac1 #aad4 #ahcb4 #e4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #eb4 #ahdh4 #f4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ba4 #aheh4 #g4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #fa fig41 #fb4 #ahfj4 #h4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bbh1 #bbi fig41 #bcj4 #ahgg4 #i4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgg1 #cgh4 #ahhi4 #aj4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #cg4 #aijf4 ,ronald's ,large ,black ,heart4 #aa4 ,forsyth ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees #db1 #dc4 #ahjc4 ,guigne ,noire ,gros ,fruit4 #ab4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #cf4 #aijf4 ,tartarian4 #ac4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,black ,tartarian is probably the favorite dooryard and roadside ,sweet ,cherry in ,new ,york and ranks second or third among commercial cherries in the ,state1 as it probably does for the whole region east of the ,mississippi4 ,it is known by all who grow or eat cherries4 ,the preeminently meritorious characters which give it so high a place in cherry culture are3 first1 and most important1 the elasticity of its constitution whereby it adapts itself to widely different soils and climates2 second1 the fruitfulness1 healthfulness and robustness of the trees which also bear regularly1 live to an old age and grow to a prodigious size1 oftentimes attaining a diameter of two feet2 third1 this variety is comparatively free from the worst of cherry diseases1 brown-rot2 lastly1 the cherries1 though not as large as some similar sorts1 are tempting to the eye through their rotund form and glossy black color and are a delight to the palate1 the handsome purplish-red flesh being firm and crisp1 yet juicy1 with a sweet1 rich flavor which all agree gives the quality the rank of very good to best4 ,it is a virile variety and from it have come several promising seedlings and it is one of the parents of a number of cross-bred cherries4 ,black ,tartarian is earlier than most of the ,sweet ,cherries with which it must compete--under most conditions a help in marketing4 ,unfortunately it is a little too soft to handle well in harvesting and marketing or to hold its shape as a canned product4 ,its small size is also against it for the canner's trade4 ,the several defects noted prevent ,black ,tartarian from taking first rank in commercial orchards but for the home plantation it is one of the best4 ,black ,tartarian came originally from ,russia4 ,it was introduced into ,england in #agid from ,circassia1 by ,hugh ,ronalds of ,brentford1 ,middlesex1 as ,ronald's ,large ,black ,heart4 ,two years later1 ,john ,fraser introduced a variety1 a native of ,crimea1 which he purchased in ,st4 ,petersburg1 as ,fraser's ,black ,tartarian4 ,this turned out to be the same as the cherry from ,circassia4 ,some go farther back and say that ,black ,tartarian was carried to ,russia from ,spain1 thence to ,england4 ,it owes its introduction into this country to ,william ,prince of ,flushing1 ,long ,island1 probably in the early part of the ,nineteenth ,century4 ,it was recognized in #ahdh and placed on the schedule of fruits at the ,national ,convention of ,fruit ,growers which later became the present ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,the variety still retains a place among the recommended cherries but under the name ,tartarian4 ,the variety quickly became popular in ,america1 finding a place in every orchard and in the lists of all nurserymen4 ,some nurserymen claim to have superior strains of the old variety2 as1 ,green's ,tartarian and ,black ,tartarian ,improved4 ,comparisons show no differences4 ,black ,russian1 listed by some firms1 is probably ,black ,tartarian as it is used many times as a synonym by foreign writers4 ,illustration3 ,,black ,,tartarian ,tree characteristically large1 vigorous1 upright1 vasiform1 productive2 trunk of medium thickness1 smooth2 branches smooth1 reddish-brown1 slightly overspread with ash-gray1 with large lenticels2 branchlets rather long1 brown almost entirely overspread with ash-gray1 smooth1 glabrous1 with inconspicuous1 slightly raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 five and one-half inches long1 two and one-half inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate to elliptical1 thin2 upper surface dark green1 rugose2 lower surface light green1 slightly pubescent2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 margin varies from serrate to crenate2 petiole two inches long1 thick1 tinged with red1 with a few hairs1 with from one to three reniform1 reddish glands of medium size usually on the stalk4 ,buds pointed or obtuse1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds1 or in small clusters on spurs of variable length2 leaf-scars very prominent2 season of bloom medium2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across1 borne in scattering well-distributed clusters in twos and threes2 pedicels one inch long1 slender1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube faintly tinged with red1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes with a trace of red1 long1 broad1 obtuse1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish1 entire1 with short1 blunt claws2 anthers yellowish2 filaments nearly one-half inch long2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures early2 less than one inch in diameter1 cordate1 compressed2 cavity intermediate in depth and width1 flaring2 suture indistinct2 apex pointed and slightly depressed2 color purplish-black2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 obscure2 stem slender1 one and one-half inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin thin1 separating readily from the pulp2 flesh purplish-red1 with dark colored juice1 firm1 meaty1 crisp1 pleasant flavored1 mild1 sweet2 of very good quality2 stone free1 ovate1 slightly flattened and oblique1 with smooth surfaces4 ,,bleeding ,,heart ,prunus avium #a4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 #b4 ,forsyth ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees #db4 #ahjc4 #c4 ,floy-,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #ajd4 #ahdf4 #d4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bae4 #ahed4 ,gascoigne4 #e4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #ega1 #egb4 #afbi4 #f4 ,gerarde ,herball #aejd4 #afcf4 #g4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bih4 #ahhd4 ,red ,heart4 #h4 ,rea ,flora #bjf4 #afgf4 #i4 ,brookshaw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #b3ahc1 ,pl4 #if fig4 #a4 #ahbc4 ,blutherzkirsche4 #aj4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bbd1 #bbe1 #bbf4 #ahai4 ,gascoigne's ,heart4 #aa4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agd4 #ahde4 ,blutrothe ,molkenkirsche4 #ab4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bi4 #aheh4 ,guigne ,rouge ,htive4 #ac4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cch fig41 #cci4 #ahgg4 ,bleeding ,heart goes back almost as far as the history of cultivated cherries4 ,it is only of historical interest now and this chiefly because it has been the parent of many sorts of present worth4 ,according to the old writers it took highest rank in the cherry lists of a century and more ago by virtue of its high quality and handsome appearance1 the name being indicative of color and form4 ,so far as can be made out at this late date the variety has been grown but little or not at all in ,america1 the description here given coming from old pomologies4 ,this1 like the preceding sort1 is a cherry of several names1 having been mentioned first by ,parkinson in #afbi as the ,gascoign ,cherry4 ,in ,england three different names have been applied to this variety1 ,gascoigne1 ,red ,heart and ,bleeding ,heart4 ,at least there seems to be little doubt that the ,bleeding ,heart and ,red ,heart listed by ,john ,rea in #afgf were the ,gascoign of ,parkinson and ,gerarde4 ,tree of largest size1 very vigorous1 not very productive2 branches numerous1 large1 long1 diverging1 brownish-red1 mottled with gray scarf-skin2 leaves very large1 oblong1 acuminate2 margin crenate2 petiole thick1 long1 reddish1 with well-developed glands2 blooming season early4 ,fruit matures the latter half of ,july2 usually in pairs1 large1 elongated heart-shaped1 with pointed apex2 color bright red changing to dark red1 somewhat mottled2 stem two inches long1 slender2 flesh reddish1 rather tender although firm1 with abundant juice1 highly flavored1 sweetish2 good in quality2 stone large1 oblong4 ,,bourgueil ,prunus cerasus ,cerise de ,bourgueil4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3bje4 #ahff4 ,montmorency de ,bourgueil4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3abc1 #abd1 fig4 #fj4 #ahff-gc4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cfd1 #cfe fig4 #ahgg4 ,bourgueil is a variant form of ,montmorency hardly differing enough in fruit from ,large ,montmorency to be distinguished from it and yet since it seems to be more productive than the last-named sort it is possibly worth adding to the cherry flora of the country4 ,the variety1 it must be remembered1 is still on probation1 but if trees true to name can be obtained it is worth planting in small numbers where growers want a cherry of the ,montmorency type4 ,this variety was found by a ,doctor ,bretonneau about #ahdd in ,bourgueil1 ,indre-et-,loire1 ,france4 ,it is known by the name of the finder as well as that of the locality in which it originated and through having the same place of origin is often confused with ,cerise ,rouge ,pale4 ,the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture received this variety in #aije from ,ferdinand ,jamin1 ,bourg-la-,reine1 ,seine1 ,france1 and in turn forwarded it to this ,station where it has been fruiting for the past few seasons4 ,nurserymen do not as yet offer it for sale and it is doubtful if it is known in more than a few places in ,america4 ,illustration3 ,,bourgueil ,tree vigorous1 upright-spreading1 vasiform1 productive2 branches slender1 smooth1 reddish-brown partly covered with ash-gray1 with numerous lenticels2 branchlets slender1 long1 brown1 with some ash-gray1 smooth1 with numerous inconspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 four inches long1 two inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate to ovate1 thick2 upper surface dark green1 smooth2 lower surface light green1 pubescent along the veins2 apex and base variable in shape2 margin doubly crenate2 petiole one inch long1 thick1 with a dull tinge of red1 pubescent1 with none or with from one to three globose1 yellow or brownish glands on the base of the blade4 ,buds small1 short1 variable in shape1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and on short spurs in clusters variable in size2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom late2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in scattering1 well-distributed clusters1 usually in threes2 pedicels short1 one-half inch long1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube faintly tinged with red1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes with a trace of red1 broad1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals crinkled1 roundish1 entire1 sessile1 with apex entire2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 three-fourths inch long1 one inch wide1 nearly oblate1 somewhat compressed2 cavity deep1 wide1 medium flaring1 regular2 suture indistinct2 apex roundish to flattened2 color bright red2 dots small1 russet1 inconspicuous2 stem stout1 one and one-eighth inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin tender1 free2 flesh yellowish-white with colorless juice1 tender and melting1 sprightly1 sour2 of good quality2 stone free1 large1 roundish-ovate1 pointed1 with smooth surfaces1 tinged with red1 with a prominent ventral suture4 ,,brusseler ,,braune ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #fgf4 #agig4 #b4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhh4 #ahjb4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ecc-ecf4 #ahai4 #d4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fc1 #fd4 #aheh4 #e4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccc1 #cda4 #ahhi4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahii4 #g4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abd1 #abe1 fig4 #h4 #aijj4 ,brsselsche ,bruyn4 #h4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #ge1 #gf4 #agij4 ,zweite ,grsser ,herzkirschweichsel4 #i4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3i1 ,tab4 #bb fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,ratafia4 #aj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cji1 #caj4 #ahhd4 ,from the standpoint of commercial cherry culture1 ,brusseler ,braune has little value4 ,the trees are uncertain in bearing2 the cherries are small1 sour1 and astringent2 and1 worse than the faults named1 the crop ripens very unevenly4 ,it is of the ,english ,morello type but in ,new ,york1 at least1 is far inferior to this well-known sort4 ,brusseler ,braune has been much advertised for cold climates but there are many better cherries that stand cold nearly or quite as well and are better in both tree and fruit characters and1 in particular1 that will not vex the souls of growers by ripening so unevenly4 ,the variety has two marked peculiarities3 the leaves on the two-year-old wood are very small and the fruit-stems bear a small leaflet at their base4 ,these leaflets on the fruit-stem would have to be removed in marketing the crop--another serious defect4 ,no doubt ,brusseler ,braune originated in ,holland but there is nothing definite as to the time though ,truchsess1 a ,german1 writes of having received it in #aghe as ,brsselsche ,bruyn4 ,the synonyms of this variety are more or less confused with those of ,english ,morello4 ,this cherry was brought to ,america in #ahhc by the late ,j4 ,l4 ,budd with several other varieties4 ,in the collection of trees sent out from the original importation1 of which this was one1 or from trees budded from them1 were ,griotte du ,nord1 ,large ,long ,late1 ,shadow ,amarelle1 ,lutovka1 ,george ,glass1 ,orel ,no4 #bg1 or ,gibb1 and ,bessarabian4 ,unfortunately the varieties were badly mixed and much confusion has resulted4 ,it is not impossible that the first three are synonyms but the ,lutovka1 ,george ,glass1 ,bessarabian and possibly the ,gibb are distinct varieties4 ,in #ahie1 this ,station recommended a new cherry for trial for home and market and distributed buds throughout the state under the name ,lutovka4 ,later it was found that an error had been made regarding the trees sent us as ,lutovka1 they being the ,brusseler ,braune4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added ,brusseler ,braune to its fruit catalog list in #ahii but dropped it in #aiji4 ,illustration3 ,,brusseler ,,braune ,tree of medium size1 vigorous1 upright-spreading but with drooping branchlets1 dense1 round-topped1 unproductive2 trunk and branches smooth1 stout2 branches brownish1 overspread with ash-gray1 with numerous small lenticels2 branchlets slender1 with short internodes1 nearly covered with ash-gray1 smooth1 glabrous1 with small1 lightly raised1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves three and one-half inches long1 one and three-fourths inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate1 thick1 grooved along the midrib2 upper surface very dark1 dull green2 lower surface light green1 pubescent2 apex taper-pointed1 base acute2 margin finely and doubly serrate2 petiole one and one-eighth inches long1 tinged with dull1 dark red1 grooved along the upper surface1 with from one to four small1 globose1 yellowish-green glands4 ,buds pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged as lateral buds and in clusters on scattering1 short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom late2 flowers one inch across1 white2 borne in scattering clusters in threes and fours2 pedicels one and one-eighth inches long1 slender1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube furrowed1 tinted with red1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes with a trace of red1 acuminate1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals oval to obovate1 entire1 nearly sessile1 with a shallow1 wide notch at the apex2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures very late2 nearly one inch in diameter1 although variable in size1 roundish-cordate1 slightly compressed2 cavity of medium depth1 narrow1 abrupt2 suture very shallow1 indistinct2 apex roundish1 with a small depression at the center2 color light red changing to dark red as the season advances2 dots numerous1 small1 dark russet1 inconspicuous2 stem two and one-fourth inches long1 with small leaflets at the base1 strongly adherent to the fruit2 skin thin1 tender1 separates readily from the pulp2 flesh dark red1 with dark colored juice1 tender and melting1 somewhat astringent1 sour2 of fair quality2 stone nearly free when fully mature1 fifteen-thirty-seconds inch long1 roundish-oval1 rather plump1 blunt-pointed2 surfaces smooth2 ventral suture slightly enlarged near the base4 ,,bunte ,,amarelle ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #feb-fee4 #ahai4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ccj4 #ahhe4 #c4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #b3dj4 #ahhh4 #d4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgb4 #aijc4 ,so far ,bunte ,amarelle has found a place only in the trying cherry climate of ,iowa and neighboring ,states4 ,it is not attractive enough in appearance1 good enough in quality1 or certain and fruitful enough in bearing to compete with other ,amarelles1 to which group this variety belongs4 ,its saving grace is extreme hardiness of tree1 though vigor and health help make it somewhat desirable in cold1 prairie regions of the ,mid-,west where cherry growing is more or less precarious4 ,there has been much uncertainty as to the true variety and we have had to discard the trees on the ,station grounds and compile a description4 ,this variety probably originated in ,germany in the latter part of the ,eighteenth ,century4 ,truchsess1 a ,german1 in #ahai1 called the cherry ,bunte ,amarelle because of its variegated color before full maturity4 ,the variety was introduced from ,poland to ,america sometime previous to #ahhe and has usually gone under the name of ,amarelle ,bunte4 ,from all accounts ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd of ,ames1 ,iowa1 the authority on these hardy cherries during his time1 had two different cherries under the name ,amarelle ,bunte2 for in his report at the ,iowa ,horticultural ,society in #ahhe1 he mentioned a variety under that name as being a large1 dark purple and nearly sweet sort which could not have been the true ,bunte ,amarelle of ,truchsess4 ,budd and ,hansen in #aijc described a variety which agrees very closely with the true variety of ,truchsess which we herewith describe4 ,tree vigorous1 upright1 hardy2 foliage large1 coarse4 ,fruit matures the second week in ,june2 medium to large1 roundish1 flattened at the base2 cavity variable in depth2 suture shallow1 indistinct2 apex depressed2 color yellow overspread with light red2 stem green1 straight1 rather slender1 one and one-half to two inches long2 flesh slightly colored1 juicy1 firm but tender1 pleasantly subacid2 very good in quality2 stone variable in size1 broad4 ,,california ,,advance ,prunus avium #a4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bhi1 #bib4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3be4 #aiaj4 ,advance4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #acj4 #ahig4 ,ulatis4 #d4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #agg3cb4 #ahii4 ,california ,advance is a ,sweet ,cherry1 one of the ,hearts of common parlance1 distinguished and worth growing only because it is extra early1 though when fully ripe it is of very good quality4 ,it is usually described as a cherry of large size but on the grounds of this ,station the cherries run small1 as they are occasionally reported elsewhere to do1 suggesting that the variety requires good care and a choice cherry soil for a finely finished product4 ,on these grounds the variety seems to be preeminently free from fungus diseases but the robin and other birds take greater toll from it than from almost any other cherry1 beginning their harvest long before the fruit is fit for human fare4 ,california ,advance might well be planted in a small way for a local market in ,new ,york1 or a tree or two for home use1 but it has no place in large numbers in this ,state4 ,california ,advance came from a seed of ,early ,purple sown by ,w4 ,h4 ,chapman of ,napa1 ,california1 the seedling being saved because the cherries were larger and ripened earlier than those of its parent4 ,it has sometimes been confused with the ,chapman cherry1 of somewhat similar characteristics1 which also originated in ,napa1 but the two are quite distinct4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 dense1 productive2 trunk and branches stout1 smooth2 branchlets of medium thickness1 brownish-bronze partly covered with ash-gray1 glabrous2 leaves numerous1 five and one-half inches long1 two and one-half inches wide1 long-obovate to elliptical1 thin1 medium green1 slightly rugose2 margin serrate1 glandular2 petiole nearly two inches long1 slender1 tinged with red1 pubescent along the upper side and with a shallow groove1 with from two to four large1 reniform1 reddish glands1 usually on the stalk2 buds large1 obtuse or pointed1 plump1 arranged singly as lateral buds or in clusters of variable size on numerous short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom early2 flowers one and one-eighth inches across2 pistil equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit ripens very early1 season averaging eleven days2 about three-fourths inch in diameter1 roundish-cordate1 compressed2 color purplish-black2 stem of medium thickness1 often one and one-half inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin thin1 tender1 separates from the pulp2 flesh reddish1 with dark red juice1 meaty1 tender1 mild1 sweet2 of very good quality2 stone semi-clinging1 three-eighths inch by eleven-thirty-seconds inch in size1 roundish-oval1 compressed1 oblique1 with smooth surfaces4 ,,carnation ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 #b4 ,langley ,pomona #hf1 ,pl4 #af fig4 #c4 #agbi4 #c4 ,forsyth ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees #db4 #ahjc4 #d4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #bea4 #ahag4 #e4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ach1 #aci4 #ahcb4 #f4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aid fig4 #hc4 #ahde4 #g4 ,thompson ,gard4 ,ass't #ebi4 #ahei4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #i4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3ia1 #ib1 fig4 #dd4 #ahff-gc4 #aj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bhi4 #ahhd4 ,cerise d',orange4 #aa4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #da4 #agga4 ,rothe ,oranienkirsche4 #ab4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #ee1 #ef4 #agij4 #ac4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #def-dfc4 #ahai4 #ad4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #age fig41 #agf4 #ahfj4 ,carnation is a conspicuous cherry because of its beautiful color--red1 a little variegated with white or yellow1 hence the name4 ,it is one of the ,amarelles1 similar to ,montmorency except in color in which character it is more pleasing than the better-known sort4 ,the stone separates from the pulp very readily leaving the flesh unusually bright and clean4 ,because of their sprightly refreshing flavor1 the cherries are pleasing to the palate1 as well as attractive to the eye4 ,unfortunately the trees are but moderately vigorous and fruitful and these qualities count so heavily against it as a commercial cherry that ,carnation cannot be more than a fruit for amateurs unless under exceptional conditions4 ,for a home plantation1 however1 it would be hard to name a better cherry of its kind4 ,carnation is another of the choicely good1 old cherries1 being first mentioned by ,john ,rea in #afgf and later by ,langley in #agbi4 ,having been cultivated for so long and disseminated among so many growers who kept meagre records in early days1 this sort became badly confused with other varieties1 especially with the ,cerisier gros fruit rouge-pale1 mentioned by ,duhamel in #agfh4 ,how old the variety truly is or where it originated cannot be said4 ,carnation seems to have been first mentioned in ,america by ,william ,coxe in #ahag and a few years later it was growing on the grounds of ,william ,prince1 ,flushing1 ,new ,york4 ,since that time it has been quite widely disseminated throughout the ,united ,states but is grown less extensively now than formerly4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society1 in #ahfb1 placed ,carnation on its list of recommended fruits where it still holds a place4 ,illustration3 ,,carnation ,tree medium in size1 spreading1 becoming drooping1 not very productive2 trunk intermediate in thickness2 branches reddish-brown overspread with ash-gray1 with numerous lenticels variable in size2 branchlets brown or ash-gray1 smooth1 with numerous conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves very numerous1 four inches long1 two inches wide1 folded upward1 oval to obovate1 thin2 upper surface dark green1 roughened2 lower surface dull1 light green1 thinly pubescent2 apex acute2 margin finely and doubly serrate1 glandular2 petiole two inches long1 slender1 dull red on the upper surface1 with one or two large1 reniform1 reddish glands on the stalk4 ,buds small1 short1 obtuse1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds1 or in small clusters on numerous1 short spurs2 season of bloom late2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in scattered clusters in twos and threes2 pedicels one inch long1 of medium thickness1 glabrous1 green2 calyx-tube light reddish-green1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes tinged with red1 of medium length1 broad1 acute1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish-oval1 entire1 with short1 broad claws1 the apex notched2 filaments in four series1 the longest averaging one-half inch in length2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures in mid-season or later2 three-fourths of an inch long1 one inch in thickness1 roundish-oblate1 compressed2 cavity deep1 abrupt2 suture indistinct2 apex flattened or with a deep depression2 color medium to dark red2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 inconspicuous2 stem one and one-half inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin tender1 separating readily from the pulp2 flesh yellowish-white1 with abundant colorless juice1 tender and melting1 sprightly2 of very good quality2 stone free1 nearly one-half inch in diameter1 roundish1 blunt1 with smooth surfaces4 ,,centennial ,prunus avium #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ag1 #aei4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bhi4 #ahhi4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahii4 ,in ,california1 ,centennial is passing from the period of probation to one of general acceptance as a standard variety4 ,unfortunately it has not been well tested in the ,east but trees growing in a commercial orchard at ,geneva show the variety to be a close competitor1 in this instance at least1 with its parent1 ,napoleon1 the mainstay of ,sweet ,cherry growers in ,new ,york4 ,in some respects it quite surpasses ,napoleon4 ,it is larger1 sweeter and better flavored and has a smaller pit4 ,the trees fall short of those of its well-known parent1 however1 in being less fruitful4 ,even more serious defects are1 in the orchard under observation1 that ,centennial cracks and is less successful in resisting brown-rot than ,napoleon though it surpasses many other well-known sorts in these respects4 ,the two varieties under comparison may be further distinguished by the more oblate fruits of ,centennial1 by a more mottled color and by the pits which are longer and more pointed in the newer variety4 ,centennial is recommended for home orchards and experimentally for commercial plantations4 ,centennial is a seedling of ,napoleon grown by ,henry ,chapman1 ,napa1 ,california4 ,it came in fruit in #ahgf but was not introduced until #ahhe1 ,leonard ,coates of ,napa1 ,california1 being the introducer4 ,despite its many merits1 ,centennial did not win a place on the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society until #ahii4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 open-topped1 productive2 trunk thick1 roughish2 branches stout1 smooth1 brownish1 with many large lenticels2 branchlets thick1 with internodes of medium length4 ,leaves numerous1 large1 flattened1 long-oval to obovate1 thick2 upper surface dark green1 rugose2 lower surface pale green1 thinly pubescent2 apex taper-pointed2 margin coarsely serrate1 with small and inconspicuous glands2 petiole one and one-fourth inches long1 pubescent1 tinged with red1 with from two to four large1 reniform1 greenish-red1 flattened glands1 usually on the stalk4 ,buds large1 long1 pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds or in small clusters on short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 blooming season about the middle of ,may2 flowers one and one-fourth inches across1 usually arranged in twos and threes2 pedicels variable in length averaging one and one-eighth inches1 slender1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube faintly tinged with red1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes long1 acute1 glabrous on both surfaces1 reflexed2 petals oval1 entire1 tapering to short1 narrow claws1 with a slightly crenate apex2 anthers greenish2 filaments one-eighth inch long1 shorter than the petals2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures the last week in ,june1 length of season rather short2 very large1 short-cordate1 compressed2 cavity deep1 wide2 suture distinct1 broad1 shallow2 apex roundish or slightly depressed2 color amber-yellow1 speckled and overlaid with crimson2 dots whitish1 inconspicuous2 stem thick1 one and one-fourth inches long1 adherent to the pulp2 skin thin1 tender1 cracks badly1 adherent to the pulp2 flesh whitish1 with colorless juice1 meaty1 crackling1 sprightly1 sweet2 of very good quality2 stone semi-clinging1 three-eighths inch in length1 eleven-thirty-seconds inch in width1 ovate1 plump1 oblique1 with smooth surfaces2 ridged on the ventral suture4 ,,choisy ,prunus avium ,prunus cerasus ,cerisier ,fruit ,ambr1 ,fruit ,blanc4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3ahe1 #ahf1 #ahg1 ,pl4 ,,xi4 #agfh4 ,schne von ,choisy4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #deb-dee4 #ahai4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccc1 #ccd1 #cgf4 #ahhi4 ,belle de ,choisy4 #d4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #a3db1 ,pl4 #ahbh4 #e4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acg4 #ahcb4 #f4 ,cultivator #aj3aej fig4 #ahdc4 #g4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aij fig4 #gi4 #ahde4 #h4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #bg1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cg1 #ch1 #ajb4 #aheb4 #aj4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #a3fc1 fig4 #b4 #ahec4 #aa4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #ahi4 #ahed4 #ab4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #ac4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3afi1 #agj fig4 #de1 #aga1 #agb4 #ahff4 #ad4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3aac1 #aad1 fig4 #ee4 #ahff-gc4 #ae4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bgf1 #bhj4 #ahhd4 #af4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #hj fig41 #ha4 #aijd4 #ag4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #ah4 #aijf4 ,it seems to be the consensus of opinion of a score or more of ,european and ,american pomologists who have known ,choisy that it is the handsomest and most delicious of all ,duke cherries--one of the very best of all dessert cherries4 ,in it are delicately combined the richness of the ,sweet ,cherry and the sprightliness of the ,sour ,cherry4 ,unfortunately1 while it bears early and regularly1 the trees are seldom fruitful4 ,as an offset to unfruitfulness1 however1 the trees are vigorous1 hardy and healthy4 ,the cherries keep and stand the wear and tear of marketing as well as those of any other ,duke4 ,its qualities all commend it for the home orchard and for a local market4 ,in particular it may be recommended for cold climates where a true ,sweet ,cherry is not quite hardy1 this hybrid being nearly as hardy as the other parent1 the ,sour ,cherry4 ,unfortunately suitable specimens of this beautiful cherry could not be obtained for a color-plate and the description has had to be compiled in part4 ,duhamel describes two amber-colored cherries1 one of which is listed by ,leroy as ,belle de ,choisy4 ,the ,cerise ,blanche1 or ,cerise ,ambre 7,grosse71 according to ,leroy1 was cultivated in ,central ,france as early as #afbh and in #affg ,merlet wrote of it as the most curious and rare of all cherries4 ,kenrick1 ,american ,orchardist1 #ahcb1 lists a variety1 ,ambre1 which according to ,floy-,lindley's and ,duhamel's descriptions must be ,choisy4 ,some writers1 however1 say that ,choisy was first grown by ,m4 ,gondouin1 a gardener for ,louis ,,xv1 in #agfj1 at the village of ,choisy near ,paris4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society1 in its report for #aheb1 mentioned this variety as having promise and ten years later listed it in the ,society's fruit catalog where it has since remained4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 spreading1 somewhat open1 hardy1 but moderately productive2 branches thick1 of a clear grayish color with brownish-red tips2 lenticels very numerous1 large1 roundish4 ,leaves numerous1 very broad1 obovate1 rather abruptly pointed2 upper surface shining dark green1 deeply and regularly serrate to rather dentate4 ,buds large1 thick1 conical1 clear brown somewhat covered with gray2 season of bloom rather early2 flowers white1 large1 numerous1 borne in large clusters2 petioles short1 scarcely an inch in length2 petals broadly round1 edges dentate2 calyx-lobes short1 large2 pistil longer than the stamens4 ,fruit matures in some localities just before ,may ,duke1 in others just after that variety1 ordinarily ripe1 however1 at the end of ,june2 usually attached in pairs1 large1 roundish to somewhat oval1 flattened toward the base2 cavity shallow1 wide2 suture shallow1 indistinct2 apex depressed2 color attractive bright red mottled with yellow and amber2 stem thick at the base1 one and one-half to two inches long1 generally forking at about one-half inch from the base2 skin thin1 somewhat firm1 semi-transparent showing the netted texture of the pulp beneath2 flesh pale amber1 with abundant colorless juice1 tender1 melting1 sweet1 pleasant flavor2 very good in quality2 stone medium to small1 roundish1 pointed at the apex2 dorsal suture indistinct2 surfaces nearly smooth4 ,,cleveland ,prunus avium #a4 ,horticulturist #b3fj fig4 #ahdg-dh4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aia fig41 #aib4 #ahed4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aca4 #ahff4 ,knorpelkirsche von ,cleveland4 #e4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #de fig41 #df4 #ahfg4 ,cleveland is a ,bigarreau which falls so far short of its near kin1 as it grows in ,new ,york at least1 as not to be worth planting except as an early cherry of its type--earliness being its one saving asset4 ,the cherries closely resemble ,rockport in size1 color1 shape and flavor1 are in no way better than that somewhat mediocre sort and are even more subject to brown-rot4 ,it ripens with ,black ,tartarian and can never compete in orchard or market with that sort4 ,possibly ,cleveland has too much merit to be wholly neglected yet it certainly is not worth planting in ,new ,york unless in a locality where it does exceptionally well and when an early cherry of its kind is wanted4 ,cleveland is said by its introducer1 ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 to be a seedling from ,yellow ,spanish4 ,its close similarity to ,rockport suggests that it may have come from a pit of that variety4 ,it was brought out in #ahdb but was not adopted by the ,american ,pomological ,society for its fruit list until #ahfb4 ,despite rapidly passing popularity it is still on this list4 ,tree of medium size and vigor1 upright-spreading1 open1 very productive2 trunk of medium diameter and smoothness2 branches smooth1 reddish-brown partly overspread with ash-gray1 with many small lenticels2 branchlets slender1 brown partly overspread with ash-gray1 smooth1 with numerous small1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 five inches long1 two and one-half inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate to long-elliptical1 thin2 upper surface medium green1 slightly rugose2 lower surface light green1 lightly pubescent2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 margin coarsely and doubly serrate1 glandular2 petiole often two inches long1 reddish1 rather slender1 hairy1 grooved1 glandless or with from one to four reniform1 reddish glands1 usually on the stalk4 ,buds small1 short1 pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds or in clusters of variable size on rather short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in scattered clusters1 usually in twos2 pedicels three-fourths inch long1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube green1 tinged with red1 light green within1 broadly campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes tinged with red1 broad1 acute1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish1 entire1 with short1 broad claws1 notched and crinkled at the apex2 filaments in four series1 the longest averaging one-half inch in length2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures early2 about three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 cordate1 compressed1 cavity wide1 flaring1 irregular2 suture shallow1 indistinct2 apex somewhat obtusely-pointed2 color light red overspreading yellow2 dots numerous1 small1 yellowish1 obscure2 stem slender1 one and one-half inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin thin1 tender1 separating readily from the pulp2 flesh light yellow1 with colorless juice1 tender and melting1 sweet2 of good quality2 stone clinging1 large1 one-half inch long1 oval1 flattened at the base1 plump1 with smooth surfaces4 ,,cluster ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egb1 fig4 #aj4 #afbi4 #b4 ,gerarde ,herball #aeje fig4 #f4 #afcf4 #c4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acb1 #acc4 #ahcb4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aid fig41 #aie4 #ahde4 #e4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bij4 #ahhd4 ,flanders ,cluster4 #f4 ,ray ,hist4 ,plant4 #aeci4 #afhh4 ,cerisier ,bouquet4 #g4 ,duhamel ,trait ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3agf1 #agg1 #agh1 ,pl4 ,,vi4 #agfh4 #h4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #af1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #i4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3dg1 #dh1 fig4 #bb4 #ahff-gc4 ,tros-,kers4 #aj4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3dc4 #agga4 ,trauben oder ,bouquet ,amarelle4 #aa4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fba-fbi4 #ahai4 #ab4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3gj1 #ga4 #aheh4 #ac4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdj4 #ahhi4 ,griotte ,bouquet4 #ad4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bgh1 #bgi fig41 #bhj1 #bha4 #ahgg4 ,cluster is a curiosity1 characterized by fruits borne in clusters at the extremity of a single peduncle4 ,the pistils vary from one to a dozen1 setting from one to five perfect fruits in the cluster or from eight to twelve as the trees become older4 ,the variety is little known in ,america but is well known in ,europe1 having first been described by ,dalchamp in #aehf1 according to ,leroy4 ,its origin is uncertain4 ,parkinson speaks of it as ,flanders ,cluster1 in #afbi1 and as it was cultivated in ,germany before #afac and nearly as soon in ,switzerland it may be assumed that either ,south ,germany or ,flanders is its native home4 ,it appears under several names in ,european fruit books1 the terms trochet1 bouquet1 buschel1 and trauben all signifying that the fruits are borne in clusters and usually referring to this variety4 ,the ,cerisier ,trochet of ,duhamel is probably a distinct variety4 ,the fruit has little value and is cultivated chiefly as a curiosity4 ,the following description is compiled3 ,tree small and bushy1 moderately vigorous1 dense1 productive2 branches numerous1 long1 slender1 somewhat curved1 drooping and often breaking under a load of fruit2 internodes long2 leaves small1 oblong1 acuminate2 margin doubly serrate2 petiole thick1 short1 rigid1 with small1 roundish1 conspicuous glands2 blooming season late2 flowers small4 ,fruit matures the last of ,june1 attached in twos or threes1 with from two to eight fruits per cluster2 variable in size1 roundish1 flattened at the extremities2 suture prominent2 color clear red becoming darker at maturity2 skin tough1 transparent2 stem long1 inserted in a deep cavity2 flesh nearly white1 transparent1 with abundant juice which is usually uncolored but sometimes tinged red1 very tender1 sour1 yet agreeable2 quality fair2 stone small1 roundish1 compressed4 ,,coe ,prunus avium #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,coe's ,transparent4 #b4 ,horticulturist #b3ga1 #gb fig4 #ahdg-dh4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #baa4 #ahef4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3hg fig41 #hh4 #ahff4 #e4 ,cult4 ,count4 ,gent4 #cf3cbf4 #ahga4 #f4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ae1 #bjf4 #ahgf4 ,guigne ,co4 #g4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cai fig41 #cbj4 #ahgg4 ,coe's ,bunte ,transparent4 #h4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdc4 #ahhi4 ,even earlier and certainly better than ,cleveland1 which we have just discussed1 is ,coe1 long known as ,coe's ,transparent4 ,this is the first of the light-colored cherries to ripen and is a splendid fruit in quality and appearance4 ,the color-plate shows this variety very well--possibly too well1 since one of its defects is variability in color1 the variant usually being very light colored and not as attractive as the type4 ,a second defect is that the fruit runs rather small4 ,the tree-characters are in the main very good4 ,the variety can be distinguished1 as a rule1 by the large1 spreading tree and to a lesser extent by its hardiness1 vigor1 healthfulness and fruitfulness4 ,coe is worthy of a place in every home plantation1 in orchards for local markets and in favored localities as an early cherry for the general market4 ,curtis ,coe of ,middletown1 ,connecticut1 grew this variety early in the ,nineteenth ,century from a pit of what he supposed to be ,ox ,heart4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society included ,coe in its list of recommended fruits in #ahef4 ,illustration3 ,,coe ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 open1 very productive2 trunk stocky1 shaggy2 branches thick1 smooth1 dark reddish-brown overlaid with ash-gray1 with many raised lenticels2 branchlets stout1 short1 brown nearly covered with gray1 smooth1 glabrous1 with numerous small1 conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 four and one-fourth inches long1 two and one-fourth inches wide1 folded upward or flattened1 long-elliptical to obovate1 thin2 upper surface medium green2 lower surface light green1 thinly pubescent2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 margin coarsely serrate1 with small1 black glands2 petiole one and three-fourths inches long1 thick1 tinged with red1 grooved1 hairy1 with from one to three large1 reniform1 greenish-yellow or reddish glands on the stalk4 ,buds large1 long1 conical1 plump1 free1 in clusters on spurs variable in length2 leaf-scars very prominent2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers one and one-fourth inches across1 white2 borne in dense clusters1 thickly distributed over the tree in twos and threes2 pedicels one inch long1 slender1 glabrous1 green2 calyx-tube green1 broadly campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes tinged with red1 broad1 obtuse1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish1 entire1 with a shallow notch at the apex2 filaments one-quarter inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures early2 nearly one inch in diameter1 roundish-cordate1 slightly compressed2 cavity regular1 abrupt2 suture indistinct2 apex blunt-pointed or slightly depressed2 color pale amber faintly mottled with red2 dots small1 light yellow1 inconspicuous2 stem slender1 one and one-half inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin thin1 of medium toughness1 separating from the pulp2 flesh pale yellow1 with colorless juice1 tender1 meaty1 mild1 sweet2 good to very good in quality2 stone semi-free or free1 one-half inch long1 less than one-half inch wide1 roundish1 somewhat flattened1 blunt1 with smooth surfaces2 ridged along the ventral suture4 ,,dikeman ,prunus avium #a4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ce3af1 #ag fig4 #ahig4 ,dikeman has some merit as a very late ,sweet ,cherry but here its usefulness ends4 ,the cherries are too small and the pits too large for this variety to have great worth4 ,the tree is somewhat remarkable for its spreading habit and stout branches4 ,plant-breeders seeking for a very late sort might well choose ,dikeman as a parent4 ,two very similar cherries1 with a variation in the spelling1 pass under this name4 ,late in the ,eighteenth ,century there appeared a cherry on the ,dyckman farm near ,new ,york ,city4 ,some thought it to be identical with ,black ,tartarian2 others said it was distinct and called it ,dyckman4 ,it was never more than of local note4 ,some few years ago the late ,s4 ,d4 ,willard of ,geneva introduced the ,dikeman cherry from the farm of ,george ,b4 ,dikeman1 ,oceana ,county1 ,michigan4 ,this variety often goes under the name ,dykeman but from the information at hand we feel certain that ,dikeman is the correct spelling4 ,on our grounds this variety and ,black ,tartarian1 although similar1 are two distinct sorts1 the ,dikeman being later1 firmer and a clingstone4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 broadly-spreading1 open-topped1 productive2 trunk and branches thick1 smooth2 branches reddish-brown covered with ash-gray1 with numerous lenticels which are variable in size2 branchlets short1 brown1 partly covered with ash-gray1 smooth1 glabrous1 with inconspicuous1 slightly raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 four and one-half inches long1 two and one-fourth inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate to long-elliptical1 thin2 upper surface medium green1 slightly rugose2 lower surface light green1 faintly pubescent2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 margin coarsely and doubly serrate2 petiole about one and one-half inches long1 tinged with red1 with a few hairs1 with from one to four reniform1 reddish glands1 usually on the stalk4 ,buds large1 pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds or in clusters variable in size on short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers white1 one and three-eighths inches across2 borne in scattering clusters1 in ones1 twos or threes2 pedicels one and one-fourth inches long1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube tinged with red1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes with reddish tinge1 broad1 acute1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish1 entire1 nearly sessile1 with a shallow notch at the apex2 filaments one-half inch long2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures late2 about three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 cordate2 cavity wide1 flaring2 suture shallow1 indistinct2 apex slightly pointed1 with a small depression at the center2 color purplish-black2 dots numerous1 small1 dark russet1 inconspicuous2 stem slender1 one and one-fourth inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin thin1 tender1 adherent to the pulp2 flesh dark red1 with dark colored juice1 very meaty1 crisp1 mild1 somewhat aromatic1 sweet2 of good quality2 stone clinging1 longer than wide1 ovate1 flattened1 with smooth surfaces1 somewhat marked with a reddish tinge4 ,,double ,,glass ,prunus avium ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ddj-dea1 #dhg-dij1 #fhi4 #ahai4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ea1 #eb4 #aheh4 #c4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #afc fig41 #afd4 #ahfj4 #d4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbi4 #ahhh4 #e4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hj4 #ahij4 #f4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #ag3g4 #ahib4 #g4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgd4 #aijc4 ,amarelle ,double de ,verre4 #h4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aig-bja1 fig4 #ee4 #ahff4 ,great ,cornelian4 #i4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bii4 #ahhd4 ,glass4 #aj4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3gj4 #aijc4 ,double ,glass is a ,duke1 a hybrid more nearly resembling the ,sweet ,cherry than the ,sour ,cherry4 ,the trees grow remarkably well in nursery and orchard and their behavior so pleased growers when the variety was brought to notice that it became for a time quite the vogue4 ,but the trees turned out to be unproductive and the cherries so mediocre that the variety rapidly passed through its heyday of popularity4 ,the fruits are curiously marked1 the suture being so deep as to make them appear double--hence the name4 ,the variety has no value where sweet sorts are hardy but possibly might find a niche somewhere in regions where a more tender ,sweet ,cherry cannot be grown4 ,this variety1 of ancient and unknown origin1 dates back at least to #agib when ,truchsess received it from ,christ under the names ,grosse ,frhkirsche and ,englische ,erzherzogskirsche1 both of which were incorrect1 the first because it was not characteristic since the fruit did not ripen early1 and the second because it denoted a class of dark-fleshed cherries4 ,in ,france1 ,double ,glass has long been cultivated under the name ,amarelle ,double de ,verre4 ,the variety was brought to ,america from ,russia in #ahhc by ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd4 ,while grown for a time in the ,central ,states it was never highly regarded and has now nearly passed from cultivation4 ,the following description is a compilation3 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading becoming divergent with age1 usually hardy1 rather unproductive2 branchlets thick1 reddish-brown2 leaves healthy1 small to medium1 ovate1 with serrated margins2 buds large1 prominent4 ,fruit matures the latter part of ,june2 usually large1 roundish-oblate1 with a very deep suture2 color light red becoming much darker at maturity2 stem long1 thick2 skin thin1 tough1 translucent2 flesh yellowish1 with abundant uncolored juice1 firm1 tender1 sprightly2 good in quality2 stone medium in size1 roundish4 ,,double ,,natte ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ech1 #eci4 #ahai4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bib4 #ahhd4 #c4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbg4 #ahhh4 #d4;,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3fg4 #aijc4 ,cerise van der ,nat4 #e4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3da4 #agga4 ,kirsche von der ,natte4 #f4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #fi1 #gj4 #agij4 #g4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #eci-edb4 #ahai4 #h4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #eji fig41 #eaj4 #ahfa4 ,budd's importations of ,russian cherries1 to which reference is so often made in this text1 brought forth almost universal praise for any and all of the foreign sorts4 ,cultural tests soon demonstrated1 however1 that most of the varieties were comparatively worthless2 ,double ,natte is one of these4 ,it is a very mediocre cherry of the ,morello group in nowise equal to ,english ,morello except when earliness is a prime requisite1 this sort being one of the earliest of the ,morellos4 ,in flavor it is equal to ,english ,morello but is no better4 ,at ,geneva the trees are seldom very fruitful4 ,from the eulogistic reports of its behavior in the ,middle ,west it would seem that it was better adapted to ,iowa1 for instance1 than for ,new ,york4 ,this variety was first mentioned by ,knoop1 the ,dutch pomologist1 in #agga--origin not given4 ,some years ago ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd also imported from ,russia a cherry under the name ,riga ,no4 #ah4 ,this cherry has been grown as a separate variety under the name ,riga but the descriptions of it are all identical with those of ,double ,natte and there can be no doubt but that they are one and the same4 ,illustration3 ,,double ,,natte ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 open-topped1 somewhat vasiform1 productive2 trunk and branches smooth2 branches brown nearly covered with ash-gray1 with a few large lenticels2 branchlets long1 with short internodes1 brown partly covered with ash-gray1 smooth1 with a few very large1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 three and three-eighths inches long1 one and three-fourths inches wide1 folded upward1 short-obovate1 thick1 stiff2 upper surface glossy1 slightly rugose2 lower surface pale green1 thinly pubescent2 apex sharp-pointed1 tapering toward the base2 margin coarsely serrate1 glandular2 petiole thick1 dull red1 grooved on the upper surface1 nearly one inch long1 glandless or with one or two small glands at the base of the blade4 ,buds conical or pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and in small clusters on spurs2 leaf-scars inconspicuous2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in scattering clusters in twos and threes2 pedicels one inch long1 slender1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube with a faint reddish tinge1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes tinged red1 long1 acute1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals obovate1 entire1 tapering to short1 narrow claws1 with a broad but shallow notch at the apex2 filaments about one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures early2 three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 cordate to conical1 compressed2 cavity somewhat abrupt1 regular2 suture deep1 distinct1 often extending entirely around the fruit2 apex depressed2 color dark red2 dots numerous1 small1 brownish1 obscure2 stem slender1 one and three-fourths inches long1 adheres strongly to the fruit2 skin thin1 tough1 separating readily from the pulp2 flesh dark red1 with reddish juice1 tender and melting1 sprightly1 sour2 good to very good in quality2 stone nearly free1 longer than wide1 nearly round1 slightly flattened1 with smooth surfaces2 somewhat ridged along the ventral suture4 ,,downer ,prunus avium #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bah4 #ahce4 #b4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3ic1 #id1 ,pl4 #ahea4 ,downer's ,red ,heart4 #c4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bgf4 #ahcb4 ,downer's ,late4 #d4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #eb4 #ahdh4 #e4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3fe1 ,pl4 #ahed4 ,guigne ,tardive de ,downer4 #f4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ie fig41 #if1 #ig4 #ahff4 ,downer is a ,sweet ,cherry1 one of the so-called ,hearts much prized by those who know it as a late cherry delicately and richly flavored4 ,possibly it is the best of the late ,sweet ,cherries4 ,several defects keep it from being of any considerable worth2 it thrives only in the choicest soils2 the trees are often unhealthy as well as lacking in vigor2 the flesh is thin and the stone is large2 and1 though the cherries set abundantly1 the yield is small because the fruits are small4 ,so1 while the variety is almost indispensable in a home orchard1 ripening after almost all of the dessert cherries have gone1 ,downer has small place in a commercial plantation4 ,it should be said further in its favor1 however1 as a commercial fruit1 that it stands harvesting and shipping very well4 ,downer takes the name of ,samuel ,downer1 ,dorchester1 ,massachusetts1 who grew it some time before #ahcb when it first found a place in pomological works4 ,it was included by the ,american ,pomological ,society in its schedule of fruits in #ahdh as ,downer's ,late4 ,it now appears as ,downer with ,downer's ,late ,red as a synonym in accordance with the rules of the ,society4 ,illustration3 ,,downer ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 dense-topped1 productive2 trunk thick1 with shaggy bark2 branches thick1 roughened1 dark brown overspread with dark gray1 with numerous large lenticels2 branchlets slender1 long1 brown partly covered with ash-gray1 smooth1 with inconspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 three inches long1 one and three-fourths inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate1 rather stiff2 upper surface dark green2 lower surface light green1 hairy along the veins2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 margin doubly serrate1 glandular2 petiole one inch long1 thick1 dark red1 grooved1 glandless or with from one to three large1 globose or reniform glands on the stalk4 ,buds small1 except the terminals which are large1 pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds1 or in small clusters on short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in thin clusters in ones and in twos2 pedicels variable in length often one inch long1 glabrous2 calyx-tube faintly tinged with red1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes tinged with red1 acuminate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish1 entire1 somewhat sessile1 with a shallow notch at the apex2 pistil glabrous1 nearly equal to the stamens in length1 often defective4 ,fruit matures among the latest2 three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 roundish-cordate1 slightly compressed2 cavity very shallow1 flaring2 suture obscure2 apex variable in shape usually somewhat pointed2 color light to dark red frequently showing an amber background on the shaded side2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 inconspicuous2 stem one and three-fourths inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin tough1 separating from the pulp2 flesh pale yellow1 with colorless juice1 somewhat stringy1 tender1 with soft flesh1 mild and pleasant1 sweet when fully ripe2 good to very good in quality2 stone large1 free1 ovate1 flattened1 with smooth surfaces2 somewhat ridged along the ventral suture4 ,,dyehouse ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,horticulturist #be3agf1 #agg4 #ahgj4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afa4 #ahha4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ag4 #ahig4 ,dyehouse is conspicuous among cherries for its earliness and for the beauty of its fruit4 ,early ,richmond is the standard early cherry yet ,dyehouse is a week earlier1 just as attractive in appearance and equally well flavored4 ,it is near of kin to ,early ,richmond but the two may be distinguished by the difference in time of ripening and by its brighter1 clearer color1 greater opaqueness1 more highly colored juice and slightly smaller size4 ,possibly this cherry would supersede the better-known ,early ,richmond were it not for the defect in size and for the further faults of being less productive and more capricious to environment1 as it fails to thrive in localities where the older sort is quite at home4 ,it is a worthy rival of ,early ,richmond1 however1 and ought to be grown both for home and commercial purposes far more than it is4 ,to ,h4 ,t4 ,harris of ,stamford1 ,kentucky1 belongs the honor of introducing this well-known cherry4 ,although its parentage is unknown1 it is almost certain that a ,mr4 ,dyehouse1 ,lincoln ,county1 ,kentucky1 raised the tree from a pit sixty or more years ago4 ,at the time of its introduction its characteristics were not clearly drawn and many believed it to be the ,early ,richmond4 ,in time1 however1 differences were shown1 as we have set forth in the preceding paragraph4 ,it was added to the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahig4 ,illustration3 ,,dyehouse ,tree small1 vigorous1 spreading1 with drooping branchlets1 dense1 round-topped1 productive2 trunk and branches slightly roughened2 branches reddish-brown covered with dark ash-gray1 with large1 elongated1 raised lenticels2 branchlets slender1 willowy1 variable in length1 brown overspread with ash-gray1 smooth1 with a few small1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 three inches long1 one and one-half inches wide1 slightly folded upward1 obovate to long-oval2 upper surface very dark green1 smooth2 lower surface light green1 with a few hairs along the midrib2 apex acute1 base variable in shape2 margin finely serrate1 with small1 dark glands2 petiole one-half inch long1 tinged with dull red1 with a few hairs along the grooved upper surface1 with from one to three small1 globose1 greenish-yellow glands at the base of the blade4 ,buds small1 short1 obtuse1 plump1 free1 arranged singly and in clusters on short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers one inch across1 white2 borne in dense but well-distributed clusters1 usually at the ends of spur-like branches1 in twos1 threes or fours2 pedicels one and one-half inches long1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube green1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes tinged with red1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish-obovate1 entire1 almost sessile1 with entire apex2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 nearly equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures early2 more than one-half inch in diameter1 oblate1 slightly compressed2 cavity of medium depth1 narrow1 abrupt1 regular2 suture indistinct2 apex flattened1 with a small depression at the center2 color dark red2 dots numerous1 small1 obscure2 stem one inch long1 adhering to the pulp2 skin thin1 tough2 flesh light yellowish-white1 with pinkish juice1 tender1 sprightly1 tart2 of very good quality2 stone nearly free1 ovate1 slightly flattened1 with smooth surfaces2 somewhat ridged along the ventral suture4 ,,eagle ,prunus avium #a4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ajd3hd4 #ahid4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ag4 #ahig4 ,black ,eagle4 #c4 ,prince ,treat4 ,hort4 #ca4 #ahbh4 #d4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #c3abg1 ,pl4 #abg4 #ahcj4 #e4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bgd1 #bge4 #ahcb4 #f4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agj fig4 #fb4 #ahde4 #g4 ,floy-,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #ajb4 #ahdf4 #h4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ad3chf1 #chg fig4 #cg4 #ahdh4 #i4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #eb4 #ahdh4 #aj4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3he1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #aa4 ,horticulturist ,n4 ,s4 #d3bhg4 #ahed4 #ab4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ajh1 #ahf4 #ahef4 #ac4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3gg-gi1 fig4 #ab4 #ahff4 #ad4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3hc1 #hd1 fig4 #db4 #ahhb4 #ae4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bhe1 #bhf4 #ahhd4 #af4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ih3dia fig4 #hf4 #ahie4 ,we hesitatingly follow the ,american ,pomological ,society in calling this variety ,eagle when it has so long been known as ,black ,eagle1 the name given it by the great pomologist1 ,knight4 ,were this choicely good cherry larger in size1 it would still be a prime favorite with growers for in many respects it is one of the best varieties of its species4 ,its flavor is excellent2 the trees are usually fruitful2 it ripens at a good time in the cherry season1 just after ,black ,tartarian2 the cherries are less liable to crack than many of its rivals2 and the trees are as hardy1 healthy and vigorous as those of any ,sweet ,cherry4 ,some complain that the trees do not bear well at first but are productive only with age4 ,but1 after all1 it is its high quality that gives ,eagle so much merit that it ought not to be forgotten--makes it worth a place in every home orchard and commends it highly to commercial growers of cherries who want a finely finished product for either local or general market4 ,the fruit-stems of this variety are characteristically long4 ,eagle was grown about #ahjf by ,sir ,thomas ,andrew ,knight at ,downton ,castle1 ,wiltshire1 ,england1 by fertilizing the ,bigarreau of the old writers1 our ,yellow ,spanish1 with pollen of the ,may ,duke4 ,the correctness of the parentage as given has been questioned because of its inherited characteristics4 ,but if the ,may ,duke is a hybrid between a ,sweet and a ,sour1 a pure ,sweet offspring is not an impossibility4 ,in #ahbc1 ,honorable ,john ,lowell of ,massachusetts received ,eagle from ,knight4 ,prince mentioned this cherry in his ,treatise of ,horticulture1 #ahbh1 but the exact date of its introduction into ,new ,york is unknown4 ,in #ahdh it was placed on the list of fruits adopted by the ,national ,convention of ,fruit ,growers and since then it has been retained on the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,illustration3 ,,eagle ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 dense1 unproductive at first but improving with age2 trunk and branches thick1 smooth2 branches reddish-brown partly covered with ash-gray1 with numerous small lenticels2 branchlets thick1 brownish partly covered with light ash-gray1 the surface slightly ribbed and with small1 raised1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 five inches long1 two and one-half inches wide1 folded upward1 long1 obovate to elliptical1 thin2 upper surface dark green1 rugose2 lower surface light green1 thinly pubescent2 apex variable in shape2 margin coarsely and doubly serrate1 with dark glands2 petiole nearly two inches long1 tinged with red1 with a few hairs1 with from two to four reniform1 brownish glands usually on the stalk4 ,buds large1 conical or pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and in clusters on spurs of medium length2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom medium2 flowers white1 one and one-eighth inches across2 borne in scattered clusters in twos and threes2 pedicels one inch long1 slender1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube green faintly tinged with red1 campanulate2 calyx-lobes with a trace of red1 obtuse1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals irregular-oval1 crenate1 with short1 blunt claws and with a crenate apex2 anthers yellowish2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 nearly one inch in diameter1 oblate1 somewhat cordate1 compressed2 cavity regular1 flaring2 suture a faint groove2 apex pointed or slightly depressed2 color dark red almost black2 dots small1 russet1 medium in number1 obscure2 stem slender1 two inches long2 skin thin1 tender2 flesh dark red1 with wine-colored juice1 meaty1 tender1 crisp1 pleasant flavored1 mild1 sweet2 very good to best in quality2 stone free except along the ventral suture1 rather small1 ovate1 slightly flattened1 blunt1 with smooth surfaces2 ridged along the ventral suture4 ,,early ,,may ,prunus fruticosa #a4 ,langley ,pomona #hf1 ,pl4 #ag fig4 #b4 #agbi4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aca4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dgi4 #ahfi4 #d4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bie4 #ahhd4 ,may4 #e4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #ega4 #afbi4 ,cerisier ,nain ,fruit ,rond ,prcoce4 #f4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afh1 #afi1 #agj1 ,pl4 ,,iii4 #agfh4 ,frhe ,zwergweichsel4 #g4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dib-dih4 #ahai4 #h4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdi1 #cej1 #cgb4 #ahhi4 ,amarell-,weichsel4 #i4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3eg1 #eh4 #aheh4 ,prcoce de ,montreuil4 #aj4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3ada1 #adb1 fig4 #fi4 #ahff-gc4 ,griottier ,nain ,prcoce4 #aa4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bic fig41 #bid4 #ahgg4 ,as the only cultivated representative of the ,european ,dwarf ,cherry1 ,early ,may should be of especial interest to cherry-growers4 ,it is a true dwarf variety1 the trees seldom attaining a height of more than six or seven feet4 ,both tree and branches are very flexible so that ,early ,may is well adapted to the wall-training of ,european countries4 ,it has further value in its earliness1 being the earliest of all cherries4 ,it is doubtful whether the variety can now be obtained in ,america but it ought to be reintroduced both for the fruit and because it is a handsome ornamental4 ,early ,may has several characters to recommend it to plant-breeders4 ,the description herewith given is compiled from ,european fruit-books4 ,pliny in his ,natural ,history mentions the ,macedonian and the ,chamaecerasus cherries1 both of which we now believe to have been ,prunus fruticosa1 the ,european ,dwarf ,cherry4 ,early ,may1 according to ,european botanists1 is a variety of this dwarf species and may be the identical cherry that ,pliny described4 ,following ,pliny it was mentioned by ,estienne1 a ,frenchman1 in #aedj1 by ,knoop1 the ,dutch pomologist1 in #agga1 by ,parkinson1 the ,english herbalist1 in #afbi1 and1 as the references show1 by most pomologists since4 ,the names ,may and ,early ,may have been applied to several varieties1 and especially in the ,west to the ,early ,richmond but all are distinct and ought not to be confused with this1 the true variety4 ,tree very small1 rather weak2 branches numerous1 slender1 somewhat curved1 flexible1 branchlets slender1 pendant2 leaves abundant1 very small1 obovate or oblong1 acuminate2 margin irregularly and deeply serrate2 petiole short1 slender1 without glands2 blooming season very early2 flowers small2 petals oval4 ,fruit matures very early1 usually attached in pairs2 small1 roundish1 slightly flattened2 suture indistinct2 color bright red becoming dark red at full maturity2 stem one inch long1 slender1 set in a small1 regular cavity2 skin thin2 flesh yellowish-white1 sometimes tinged red under the skin1 tender1 juicy1 brisk but pleasant subacid2 quality fair2 stone very small1 roundish4 ,,early ,,morello ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aah4 #aijj4 #b4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bge4 #aijc4 ,orel ,no4 #bc4 #c4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbg4 #ahhh4 #d4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3fh1 #gg fig4 #ag4 #aijc4 ,this1 which we think is the true ,early ,morello1 is worthy an extended description in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york chiefly because there are several cherries of this name4 ,the confusion results in much vexation to cherry-growers in the ,west where1 only1 these cherries have been planted4 ,the full description should make clear at least the character of the variety which is being grown at this ,station as ,early ,morello4 ,about all that can be said of the variety as it grows here is that the trees are hardy1 healthy1 vigorous1 fruitful and regular in bearing4 ,the cherries show the variety to be of the ,amarelle group but are such as to make it far inferior to ,montmorency and other well-known ,amarelles4 ,the name is misleading1 as the variety has little in common1 in tree or fruit1 with the true ,morellos4 ,the cherry described here as ,early ,morello was introduced by ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd from ,orel1 ,russia1 as ,orel ,no4 #bc4 ,it has proved very productive and hardy throughout the ,west and resembles ,early ,richmond1 though smaller1 a trifle darker1 less acid and a week later4 ,a dark-fleshed variety from ,erfurt1 ,prussia1 was sent out from ,rosedale1 ,kansas1 where it is known as ,early ,morello4 ,this1 and one by ,d4 ,u4 ,reed1 ,blue ,springs1 ,nebraska1 appear to be very similar to the ,northwest1 or ,wier ,no4 #bi4 ,tree of medium size and vigor1 upright-spreading1 very productive2 trunk rather thick1 shaggy2 branches with numerous large lenticels2 branchlets slender1 short2 leaves two and three-fourths inches long1 one and one-half inches wide1 thick1 stiff1 dark green1 rather glossy1 smooth2 margin finely and doubly serrate1 with small1 dark glands2 petiole glandless or with from one to three small1 globose1 brown or yellowish glands variable in position2 buds small1 short1 obtuse1 in small clusters at the ends of slender1 branchlike spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom late2 flowers one inch across2 pistil equal to or slightly longer than the stamens1 sometimes defective4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 about three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 oblate1 compressed2 color attractive dark red2 stem one inch long1 adhering to the fruit2 skin thin1 tender1 separating from the pulp2 flesh light yellow1 with pinkish juice1 tender and melting1 sprightly1 tart2 of very good quality2 stone free1 ovate1 flattened1 slightly pointed1 with smooth surfaces1 somewhat tinged with red4 ,,early ,,purple ,prunus avium #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,purple ,cherry4 #b4 ,ray ,hist4 ,plant4 #aedj4 #afhh4 ,early ,purple ,guigne4 #c4 ,cultivator ,n4 ,s4 #d3bhj fig4 #b4 #ahdg4 #d4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3ic1 #id1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ee4 #aheb4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #baa4 #ahef4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3abi1 #acj1 fig4 #fc4 #ahff-gc4 #h4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3eg fig4 #c1 #eh1 #ei4 #ahff4 #i4 ,horticulturist #be3ga fig4 #ahgj4 #aj4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ccd1 #cce fig41 #ccf4 #ahgg4 #aa4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bie4 #ahhd4 #ab4 ,guide ,prat4 #f1 #aic4 #ahie4 ,purple ,guigne4 #ac4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aie fig4 #ahed4 ,early ,purple is a valuable cherry on account of its earliness1 its attractive color and high quality4 ,the trees bear well and regularly after having become established in the orchard4 ,the variety has the reputation of being a poor grower in the nursery and as a young tree in the orchard but with age it takes on vigor and at all times is as healthy as those of any ,sweet ,cherry4 ,more than most cherries1 this variety responds to good care and a choice cherry soil--a warm1 free-working loam being best4 ,a rather unusual and serious defect of this variety is that the fruit-spurs are easily broken during picking and the crop of the next season thereby cut short4 ,another fault is that it is the favorite food of the robin where this1 the worst of all cherry pests1 abounds4 ,the cherries of this variety do not attain their rich purple color until full maturity is reached4 ,hogg1 the ,english pomologist1 maintains that ,early ,purple does better on the ,mahaleb than on the ,mazzard stock4 ,no home collection should be without this variety and it can often be profitably grown as an early cherry for the local market4 ,early ,purple is the ,early ,purple ,guigne of most fruit-books1 the name having been shortened by the ,american ,pomological ,society1 though1 since the variety goes back to the ,early ,purple of ,ray in #afhh1 the name here used has the right of precedence4 ,as to what the origin and history of the variety were before ,ray mentioned it1 we can find no record4 ,early ,purple was brought to ,america over a hundred years ago4 ,according to ,elliott1 eastern growers received it directly from ,england1 while in the ,west it was brought over by a party of ,german emigrants1 under the name ,german ,may ,duke and as such it is still much grown in localities in the ,central ,west4 ,in #aheb1 the ,american ,pomological ,society listed ,early ,purple as one of the promising new fruits and later1 in #ahef1 it was given a place1 which it has since retained1 on the ,society's catalog of fruits recommended for general cultivation4 ,illustration3 ,,early ,,purple ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 open-topped1 very productive2 trunk thick1 smooth2 branches smooth1 reddish-brown partly covered with ash-gray1 with large lenticels2 branchlets short1 brown partly covered with ash-gray1 roughened1 with a few small1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 four inches long1 one and three-fourths inches wide1 folded upward1 oval to obovate1 thin2 upper surface dark green1 rugose2 lower surface light green1 very lightly pubescent2 apex and base acute2 margin finely serrate1 with small1 dark colored glands2 petiole one and three-fourths inches long1 slender1 tinged with red1 with few hairs1 with two or three small1 globose1 reddish glands on the stalk4 ,buds variable in size and shape1 rather long1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and in small clusters on spurs variable in length2 season of bloom early2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in scattering clusters1 usually in twos2 pedicels characteristically long1 often one and one-fourth inches1 slender1 glabrous2 calyx-tube with a faint tinge of red1 campanulate2 calyx-lobes tinged with red1 long1 acute1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals broadly oval1 serrate1 with short1 blunt claws and a shallow1 notched apex2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures very early2 one inch in diameter1 cordate1 slightly compressed2 cavity regular2 suture a faint line2 apex pointed2 color purplish-black2 dots numerous1 small1 grayish1 obscure2 stem tinged with red1 slender1 nearly two inches long1 adhering to the fruit2 skin thin1 tender1 separating readily from the pulp2 flesh dark reddish-purple1 with dark colored juice1 tender1 melting1 mild1 sweet2 of very good quality2 stone free except along the ventral suture1 rather large1 broadly oval1 compressed near the apex1 with smooth surfaces4 ,,early ,,richmond ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,thacher ,am4 ,orch4 #bag4 #ahbb4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adb4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aid1 #aie fig4 #ahed4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ab4 #ahga4 #e4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aae fig41 #aaf4 #aijj4 ,flanders4 #f4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #ega4 #afbi4 ,kentish4 #g4 ,miller ,gard4 ,kal4 #aed4 #agcd4 #h4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ffj1 #ffa4 #ahai4 #i4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aif fig41 #aig4 #ahde4 #aj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #aa4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3be1 #bf1 fig4 #aa4 #ahff-gc4 ,cerisier ,htif4 #ab4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3agj1 #aga1 ,pl4 ,,iv4 #agfh4 #ac4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #feg1 #feh1 #fia4 #ahai4 #ad4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #ac1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #ae4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cdc1 #cdd fig41 #cde4 #ahgg4 ,cerise de ,volger4 #af4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #dc4 #agga4 ,frhzeitige ,amarelle4 #ag4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #faf-fah4 #ahai4 #ah4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3gj4 #aheh4 ,early ,griotte4 #ai4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aca1 #acb4 #ahcb4 ,french4 #bj4 ,quebec ,pom4 ,fr4 ,gr4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #abb1 #abc4 #aijf4 ,early ,richmond has long been the leading ,sour ,cherry of its season--the first of its kind in the markets4 ,it is not a remarkable variety in its fruit-characters1 the cherries being but medium in size1 mediocre in quality and not handsomer than other ,amarelles with which it belongs4 ,it is1 however1 a very good culinary fruit and when well ripened may be eaten out of hand with relish by those who like the refreshing acidity of a ,sour ,cherry4 ,though not in nearly as great demand for canning as ,montmorency it still makes a very good canned product1 being used more than it otherwise would be to prolong the canning season because of its earliness4 ,before cherries were largely canned for the markets1 ,early ,richmond was much used in making dried cherries1 the product1 rightly cured1 making a delicious sweetmeat which would keep for several months4 ,the cherries are remarkable for the tenacity with which the stone clings to the stem4 ,it is the tree in which the ,early ,richmond particularly surpasses4 ,it thrives in varied soils and climates from the ,st4 ,lawrence to the ,carolinas and from the ,atlantic to the ,pacific--possibly the most cosmopolitan of all cherries--and everywhere vigorous1 healthy and fruitful4 ,for the many purposes for which it may be used and because of the characters of the tree1 ,early ,richmond is indispensable in every home and commercial orchard for an early cherry4 ,after ,montmorency it is more largely grown than any other cherry1 ,sweet or ,sour1 in ,new ,york4 ,early ,richmond is the old ,kentish of ,english writers1 confused more or less with the different ,montmorencies4 ,whether or not this variety was introduced into ,kent1 ,england1 by the ,romans and became thus early the ,kentish or whether it came from ,flanders or ,holland where it was called ,cerise de ,volger1 is not now certain4 ,probably1 however1 it is one of the many seedlings of the ,cerise ,commune1 as are the ,montmorencies1 and was first known as ,cerisier ,htif4 ,early in the ,sixteenth ,century the gardener of ,henry ,,viii made extensive plantings in ,kent with trees supposed to have come from ,flanders1 and ,parkinson1 in #afbi1 mentions a variety as ,flanders which was probably this cherry4 ,the variety1 soon known by many ,english writers as ,kentish1 was confused by the ,french who seem to have had two ,kentish cherries4 ,in ,english nurseries ,kentish was soon confused with ,montmorency4 ,in this way the terms ,kentish1 ,flanders1 ,flemish and ,montmorency came into use for this sort4 ,it was early brought to ,america where it became known as ,early ,richmond but even here it has several names4 ,the belief that it originated at ,richmond1 ,virginia1 was due to the fact that ,william ,prince secured his first trees from that source4 ,by whom the variety was introduced into this country is unknown1 although ,thacher speaks of it as early as #ahbb4 ,in the ,south it became known as ,virginia ,may1 while in the ,west it has been called ,early ,may4 ,the variety appeared on the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society as ,kentish in #ahfb but in #ahga the name was changed to ,early ,richmond4 ,it is listed by all prominent nurseries in this country as ,richmond or ,early ,richmond while in ,england it is still known as ,kentish4 ,the ,french cherry1 often spoken of as the common ,french cherry1 introduced into the lower ,st4 ,lawrence region1 is very similar to ,early ,richmond4 ,this strain1 propagated from seed or sprouts1 seems to be somewhat hardier than ,early ,richmond and varies slightly from it in size and quality4 ,illustration3 ,,early ,,richmond ,tree of medium size1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 dense1 round-topped1 productive2 trunk and branches smooth2 branches reddish-brown lightly overspread with dull gray1 with numerous lenticels2 branchlets slender1 long1 grayish1 smooth1 with numerous small1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 three and one-half inches long1 one and three-fourths inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate1 thick2 upper surface dark green1 smooth2 lower surface pale green2 apex variable in shape1 base abrupt2 margin finely and doubly serrate1 glandular2 petiole glandless or with one or two globose1 greenish-yellow glands at the base of the blade4 ,buds small1 short1 obtuse1 very plump1 free1 arranged singly and in clusters on very short spurs2 blooms appearing in mid-season2 flowers one and one-fourth inches across1 white2 borne in scattering clusters1 usually in twos and threes2 pedicels five-eighths inch long1 glabrous2 calyx-tube green or faintly tinged with red1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes with a trace of red1 obtuse1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish1 entire1 sessile1 with a shallow1 wide notch at the apex2 filaments over one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures early2 three-fourths inch in diameter1 roundish-oblate1 compressed2 cavity abrupt1 regular2 suture indistinct2 apex roundish or flattened1 with a slight depression at the center2 color light red changing to dark red2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 inconspicuous2 stem slender1 one inch long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin thin1 rather tough1 separating from the pulp2 flesh pale yellow1 with light pinkish juice1 stringy1 tender and melting1 sprightly1 pleasant flavored2 good to very good in quality2 stone free1 small1 roundish-ovate1 slightly pointed1 with smooth surfaces2 somewhat roughened along the ventral suture4 ,,elkhorn ,prunus avium #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aag4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bac4 #ahed4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahii4 ,john ,tradescantes ,cherrie4 #d4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egd4 #afbi4 ,hertogs-,kers4 #e4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #dj4 #agga4 ,grosse ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 #f4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ahj-aib4 #ahai4 #g4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3cf4 #aheh4 #h4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #hi fig41 #ij4 #ahfj4 #i4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,iii3 ,no4 #f1 ,pl4 #ahhb4 #aj4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ceg1 #ceh4 #ahhi4 ,tradescant's ,black ,heart4 #aa4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahh fig41 #ahi4 #ahde4 #ab4 ,thompson ,gard4 ,ass't #ebf4 #ahei4 #ac4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,gros ,bigarreau ,noir4 #ad4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ajh-aaa1 fig4 #bd4 #ahff4 #ae4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bbd1 #bbe fig41 #bbf4 #ahgg4 ,st4 ,margaret's ,cherry4 #af4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #aje1 ,pl4 #edb4 #ahha4 ,elkhorn has served its day and is now being rapidly superseded by other cherries of the ,bigarreau group to which it belongs4 ,it was valued by the old pomologists because of the large size of the fruit1 the firm flesh1 late ripening1 rich flavor1 and because it hangs well on the tree long after maturity4 ,but it fails in competition with other ,bigarreaus in bearing cherries quite variable in size1 in the diminishing size of the fruit as the trees attain age and more than all else in being but moderately productive4 ,the bark of the trunk and main branches is so heavily overspread with gray as to make this a distinguishing mark4 ,the fruit1 too1 is distinct in appearance by reason of the irregular surface of the skin4 ,the variety possesses no characters1 as it usually grows1 to make it worth planting either for home or market4 ,the history of this old cherry was almost hopelessly confused by the early horticulturists by the vast number of names they used for it1 many of which belonged to other varieties4 ,elkhorn is supposed to have been raised by ,john ,tradescant1 gardener to ,charles ,i of ,england1 under the name ,tradescant's ,black ,heart4 ,of this cherry1 ,john ,parkinson in #afbi says3 ,john ,tradescantes ,cherrie is most usually sold by our ,nursery ,gardiners1 for the ,archdukes cherrie1 because they have more plenty thereof1 and will better be increased1 and because it is so faire and good a cherrie that it may be obtruded without much discontent3 it is a reasonably good bearer1 a faire great berrie1 deepe coloured1 and a little pointed4 ,it is not known when or how ,elkhorn got to ,america4 ,the first cherry-grower in this country to mention it was ,william ,prince1 in #ahcb1 who says that his father noticed the variety growing in a garden next to a hotel in ,maryland about #agig and brought cions of it to ,new ,york afterwards propagating and selling it under the name ,elkhorn given to the cherry by the hotel proprietor4 ,elkhorn was at one time very popular and well disseminated throughout the ,united ,states and is sold now by a large number of nurserymen either under the name ,tradescant's ,black ,heart or as ,elkhorn4 ,in #ahfb1 the ,american ,pomological ,society listed in its fruit catalog ,tradescant's ,black ,heart but dropped it in #ahgg4 ,in #ahii this ,society placed the variety in its catalog under the name ,elkhorn and it still remains on its list of recommended fruits4 ,from its history it is apparent that this cherry is rightly called ,tradescant or ,black ,heart or by some combination of these terms but ,elkhorn has been adopted by the ,american ,pomological ,society1 is everywhere in common use on this continent and is so distinctive that we choose for this text the newer name4 ,tree large1 very vigorous1 upright1 open-topped1 moderately productive2 trunk stocky1 smooth2 branches stout1 smooth1 with numerous small lenticels1 reddish-brown heavily overspread with ash-gray2 branchlets thick4 ,leaves numerous1 three and three-fourths inches long1 two and one-fourth inches wide1 short-oval to obovate1 thin2 upper surface medium green1 roughish2 lower surface dull1 light green1 lightly pubescent2 apex acute2 margin coarsely serrate1 glandular2 petiole with from one to three raised glands of medium size1 variable in shape1 usually on the stalk4 ,fruit matures in late mid-season2 three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 cordate to conical1 slightly compressed2 cavity deep1 wide1 flaring2 suture indistinct2 apex roundish or pointed1 with a slight depression at the center2 color purplish-black2 dots numerous1 small1 dark russet1 inconspicuous2 stem one and three-eighths inches long1 adhering to the fruit2 skin thin1 tender1 adhering somewhat to the pulp2 flesh a characteristically dark purplish-red1 with very dark colored juice1 meaty1 firm1 crisp1 mild1 sweet2 of good quality2 stone semi-free1 ovate1 flattened1 slightly pointed1 with smooth surfaces1 tinged with red4 ,,elton ,prunus avium #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #di4 #ahca4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aba1 #abb4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #b3ib1 ,pl #ahci4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahf fig4 #gg4 #ahde4 #e4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #eb4 #ahdh4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ge4 #ahej4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #aheb4 #h4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aid fig4 #ahed4 #i4 ,thompson ,gard4 ,ass't #ebh4 #ahei4 #aj4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #aje fig41 #ajf4 #ahfj4 #aa4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ia fig4 #ag1 #ib1 #ic4 #ahff4 #ab4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfc fig4 #ahfi4 #ac4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3aif1 #aig fig4 #ahgg4 ,flesh ,coloured ,bigarreau4 #ad4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abh4 #ahcb4 #ae4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahb fig4 #gd4 #ahde4 #af4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3aib1 #aic fig4 #ahgg4 ,elton has been freely recommended and widely cultivated in ,europe and ,america for the past century and probably no cherry has given more general satisfaction4 ,the variety is distinguished by the form1 color1 flesh and flavor of its fruit4 ,the cherries are oblong-heart-shaped--possibly too much drawn out for best appearance and often too oblique2 the color1 very well shown in the color-plate1 is most attractive and makes up for any defect in shape--a dark red mottled with amber1 very bright1 clear and glossy2 the flesh1 a little too soft to ship well1 is delicate and most pleasing to the palate2 the flavor is peculiarly rich and luscious being hardly surpassed by that of any other cherry4 ,the trees may be as readily told as the fruit1 by the unusually dark red color of the petioles of the leaves4 ,the branches are stout and bear the crop thickly placed close to the wood and in prodigious quantities4 ,unfortunately it has a fault which in ,america1 at least1 makes it almost unfit for a commercial plantation4 ,brown-rot1 the scourge of the ,sweet ,cherry1 attacks this variety more aggressively than almost any other sort and for this reason1 while its merits can hardly be too highly spoken of1 ,elton must remain for most part a variety for the home orchard4 ,the tree1 perfect in most respects1 is a little tender to cold4 ,leroy1 the ,french pomologist1 thinks it does better on ,mahaleb than on the ,mazzard stock4 ,this is another cherry from ,thomas ,andrew ,knight1 the great ,english pomologist4 ,knight fruited it first about #ahjf1 the tree coming from a pit of ,yellow ,spanish1 the paternal parent being ,white ,heart4 ,from the first it took a high place in ,english and continental pomology as it did also in ,america upon being brought here in #ahbc4 ,the variety is everywhere known and grown in ,america and is for sale by many nurserymen4 ,elton was one of the fruits to receive attention at the first meeting of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahdh1 and in #aheb was put on the list of recommended fruits where it still remains4 ,illustration3 ,,elton ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 open-topped1 very productive2 trunk thick1 smooth2 branches smooth1 reddish-brown covered with ash-gray1 with small lenticels2 branchlets long1 brown partly covered with ash-gray1 smooth1 with inconspicuous1 raised lenticels1 intermediate in number and size4 ,leaves numerous1 five and one-half inches long1 two and one-half inches wide1 folded upward1 long-obovate to elliptical1 thin2 upper surface dark green1 rugose2 lower surface light green1 thinly pubescent2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 margin doubly serrate1 with small1 dark glands2 petiole two inches long1 heavily tinged with red1 with a few scattering hairs along the upper surface1 with from two to four reniform or globose1 reddish-brown glands on the stalk4 ,buds large1 long1 pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and on very short spurs variable in size2 leaf-scars prominent2 mid-season in blooming2 flowers one and one-half inches across1 white2 borne in twos and threes2 pedicels one inch long1 slender1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube green1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes tinged with red1 long1 broad1 acute1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish1 entire1 nearly sessile1 with a shallow notch at the apex2 filaments about one-half inch long2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures early2 about one inch long1 three-fourths inch wide1 cordate to conical1 somewhat compressed and oblique2 cavity rather abrupt1 regular2 suture indistinct2 apex distinctly pointed2 color dark red with an amber tinge1 faintly mottled2 dots numerous1 small1 light yellow1 obscure2 stem slender1 one and three-fourths inches long2 skin thin1 tender1 separating from the pulp2 flesh white with a tinge of yellow1 with colorless juice1 slightly stringy1 tender1 very mild1 sweet2 of good quality2 stone free except along the ventral suture1 one-half inch long1 long-ovate1 slightly flattened1 with smooth surfaces2 somewhat ridged along the ventral suture4 ,,empress ,,eugenie ,prunus avium ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #g3bgg4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aei fig4 #da1 #afj4 #ahff4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3e1 #f1 fig4 #a4 #ahff-gc4 #d4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #aj1 ,pl4 #aj4 #ahga4 #e4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #chc4 #ahge4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bj4 #ahgg4 #g4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cdh fig41 #cdi4 #ahgg4 #h4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bif1 #big4 #ahhd4 #i4 ,gaucher ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,no4 #gh1 ,pl4 #bi4 #ahid4 ,eugenie4 #aj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bb4 #ahhc4 ,this old ,french cherry1 for many years largely advertised and widely sold in ,america1 does not thrive in the ,new ,world as well as the reports say it does in the ,old ,world4 ,the two faults that condemn it1 as it grows here1 are that the cherries ripen very unevenly making several pickings necessary and the trees are so small that1 though loaded with fruit1 the total yield is not large4 ,lesser faults are that the cherries are not uniform in shape and are borne thickly in close clusters so that when brown-rot is rife this variety suffers greatly4 ,the short stem1 too1 prevents easy picking4 ,to offset these faults ,empress ,eugenie has to its credit the reputation of being about the most refreshing and delicious ,duke4 ,in a home plantation where the unevenness in ripening can be utilized to prolong the season and where dwarfness may not be undesirable1 ,empress ,eugenie may well find a place4 ,this cherry appeared in #ahde as a chance seedling on the grounds of ,m4 ,varenne at ,belleville1 near ,paris1 ,france4 ,it first fruited about #ahej and four years later the ,horticultural ,society of ,paris placed it1 under the name ,impratrice ,eugenie1 on its list of recommended fruits4 ,m4 ,a4 ,gontier1 a nurseryman at ,fontenay-aux-,roses introduced it to commerce in #ahee4 ,empress ,eugenie soon became quite generally disseminated throughout ,europe and was considered nearly as good as ,may ,duke1 with which it has occasionally been confused4 ,it must have been brought to ,america towards the beginning of the last quarter of the ,nineteenth ,century and here it gradually became widely distributed until today it is found in all the leading cherry plantations and is propagated by a large number of nurserymen throughout the ,united ,states4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added this cherry to its fruit catalog list in #ahgg under the name ,empress ,eugenie4 ,in #ahhc this name was shortened to ,eugenie under which term it has since appeared in the ,society's catalog4 ,in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york we have not adopted the shortened name as1 by such a change1 all trace is lost of the person after whom the cherry was christened4 ,illustration3 ,,empress ,,eugenie ,tree small1 not very vigorous1 upright1 becoming round-topped1 very productive2 trunk slender1 roughish2 branches slender1 much roughened1 reddish-brown partly covered with ash-gray1 with numerous small lenticels2 branchlets with short internodes1 brown slightly covered with ash-gray1 smooth except for the numerous small1 conspicuous1 much-raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 three and one-half inches long1 one and three-fourths inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate1 thick2 upper surface dark green1 slightly rugose2 lower surface light green1 thinly pubescent2 apex abruptly pointed1 base variable in shape2 margin doubly serrate1 with small1 dark glands2 petiole three-fourths of an inch long1 tinged with red1 with a few hairs along the upper surface1 glandless or with one or two small1 globose1 greenish-yellow or reddish glands1 usually at the base of the blade4 ,buds obtuse1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and on long or short spurs1 in clusters variable in size2 leaf-scars obscure2 blooming in mid-season2 flowers one and one-fourth inches across1 white2 borne in very dense clusters1 in threes and fours2 pedicels one inch long1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube with a faint tinge of red1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes with a trace of red1 acute1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish1 entire1 with short but distinct claws2 apex nearly entire2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 roundish-conic to oblate-conic1 compressed2 cavity narrow2 suture very shallow1 indistinct2 apex flattened or depressed2 color dark red2 dots numerous1 small1 dark russet1 obscure2 stem one and one-fourth inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin tough1 separating from the pulp2 flesh pale red1 with pinkish juice1 tender1 meaty1 sprightly1 pleasant flavored1 tart2 of good quality2 stone semi-clinging1 small1 ovate1 flattened1 somewhat oblique1 with smooth surfaces4 ,,english ,,morello ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egb4 #afbi4 #b4 ,langley ,pomona #he4 #agbi4 #c4 ,christ ,handb4 #fgg4 #agig4 #d4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 #e4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aig1 #aih fig4 #ahde4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #g4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cjf1 #cjg4 #ahhd4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,grosse ,cerise ,ratafia4 #i4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3ahi4 #agfh4 ,grosse ,lange ,lothkirsche4 #aj4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #eii1 #fjj1 #fja4 #ahai4 #aa4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbf4 #ahhh4 #ab4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cef1 #ceg4 #ahhi4 ,large ,morello4 #ac4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3add4 #ahcb4 ,ratafia ,griotte4 #ad4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adg4 #ahcb4 #ae4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #ag1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #af4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bii1 #cjj fig41 #cja4 #ahgg4 ,northern ,griotte4 #ag4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adf4 #ahcb4 #ah4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #ah1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #ai4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ahh fig4 #ahi1 #aij4 #ahff4 #bj4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #ae1 ,pl4 #ae4 #ahga4 #ba4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aie4 #ahgf4 #bb4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cca4 #ahhe4 ,colorado ,morello4 #bc4 ,rogers ,cat4 #ah4 #aijj4 ,english ,morello is the best of all its group and is the standard late ,sour ,cherry in ,north ,america1 occupying at the close of the season the place held by ,montmorency in mid-season for home1 market and cannery4 ,it is not a table fruit and can hardly be eaten out of hand until it loses some of its astringency and acidity by thorough ripening4 ,in any way the cherries are prepared by cooking1 however1 it is one of the best1 culinary processes giving the fruits a rich1 dark wine color1 very attractive in appearance1 and a most pleasant1 sprightly1 aromatic flavor4 ,the fruit is handsome in appearance1 bears harvesting and shipping well1 is resistant to brown-rot and hangs long on the trees after ripening1 often until the last of ,august if robins can be kept away4 ,once seen1 one may always know the trees4 ,they are small1 round-headed1 with branches that distinctly droop4 ,to be sufficiently productive an ,english ,morello orchard must be closely set2 for1 though the trees are vigorous and productive for their size1 they are too dwarf to yield heavily4 ,the trees are hardy but not always healthy and are not adapted to as great a diversity of soils as might be wished4 ,the variety distinctly fails in its tree-characters4 ,the demand for ,english ,morello has recently decreased and it is doubtful if it ever regains its popularity of a decade ago4 ,there is a place for a late cherry which ,english ,morello now fills but not sufficiently well4 ,all of the early pomologists describe a ,morello or a ,morella but no one of them definitely gives its place of origin4 ,the concensus of opinion is that it originated in either ,holland or ,germany from whence it was introduced into ,england and later into ,france4 ,the early ,german writers listed a ,grosse ,lange ,lothkirsche which is ,english ,morello4 ,preceding them1 ,duhamel described the ,grosse ,cerise ,ratafia as one praised for confitures and preserving1 which is probably this cherry4 ,leroy believed ,english ,morello to be the cherry that ,mortillet brought to ,paris from ,holland calling it ,griotte du ,nord though he thought the variety had been grown in ,france for many years previous but under another name4 ,it is possible that the term ,du ,nord originated through its being widely grown as an espalier demanding a northern exposure1 rather than as some have thought1 because it came from northern ,germany4 ,in #ahfb ,english ,morello was put on the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society where it still remains4 ,wragg is thought to be identical with this cherry by some and1 if not1 it differs but little4 ,northern ,griotte and ,grosse ,lange ,lothkirsche1 introduced by ,budd from ,russia1 are ,english ,morello4 ,morris1 or ,colorado ,morello1 put out by ,john ,morris of ,golden1 ,colorado1 once thought to be distinct1 is also ,english ,morello4 ,illustration3 ,,english ,,morello ,tree small1 upright-spreading1 with drooping branchlets1 dense-topped1 productive2 trunk slender1 rough2 branches slender1 smooth1 dark brown overlaid with dark ash-gray1 with numerous small lenticels2 branchlets slender1 willowy1 with short internodes1 brownish1 smooth1 with numerous conspicuous1 small1 slightly raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 two and three-fourths inches long1 one and one-half inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate to oval2 upper surface dark green1 smooth2 lower surface light green2 apex acute1 base variable in shape2 margin finely serrate1 with small1 dark glands2 petiole one-half inch long1 tinged with dull red1 grooved1 with from one to three small1 globose or reniform1 greenish-yellow glands at the base of the blade4 ,buds small1 short1 obtuse1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds2 leaf-scars obscure2 season of bloom late2 flowers one inch across1 white2 borne in scattering clusters in twos and threes2 pedicels nearly one inch long1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube with a faint tinge of red1 somewhat campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes with a trace of red1 obtuse1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals distinctly veined1 roundish1 crenate1 sessile1 with crenate apex2 filaments one-fourth of an inch long2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures very late2 about three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 sometimes running larger1 roundish-cordate1 slightly compressed2 cavity shallow1 narrow1 flaring1 regular2 suture a shallow groove2 apex roundish1 with a small depression at the center2 color very dark red becoming almost black2 dots numerous1 small1 dark russet1 conspicuous2 stem slender1 one inch long1 adhering well to the fruit2 skin thin1 tender1 separating from the pulp2 flesh dark red1 with dark colored juice1 tender and melting1 sprightly1 tart2 of good quality2 stone free1 small1 ovate1 slightly flattened and pointed1 with smooth surfaces1 slightly tinged with red4 ,,florence ,prunus avium #a4 ,prince ,treat4 ,hort4 #bi4 #ahbh4 #b4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bgg4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahg4 #ahde4 #d4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cfe4 #ahdi4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bb4 #ahhe4 ,knevett's ,late ,bigarreau4 #f4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #df4 #ahca4 ,bigarreau de ,florence4 #g4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bjd fig41 #bje4 #ahgg4 ,florence ,heart4 #h4 ,bunyard-,thomas ,fr4 ,gard4 #dc4 #aijd4 ,florence is a ,bigarreau so similar to ,yellow ,spanish as to be hardly worth planting1 since it is1 all and all1 surpassed by its better-known rival4 ,the fruit hangs on the tree in edible condition an almost phenomenal length of time which has given rise to much divergence of opinion as to its season1 some pomologists rating it as early1 others as mid-season and still others as late4 ,at ,geneva the trees of this variety are not as healthful1 vigorous or as fruitful as those of ,yellow ,spanish1 with which it must compete1 nor are the cherries quite as fine in appearance or quality4 ,this variety was found in ,florence1 ,italy1 early in the ,nineteenth ,century by ,john ,houblon1 who took it to ,england from whence it was brought to ,america4 ,it found a place in #ahhe on the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society where it remained until #ahia1 when it was discarded1 with quite sufficient reason4 ,illustration3 ,,florence ,tree vigorous1 upright1 open-topped1 productive2 trunk and branches thick1 smooth2 branches reddish-brown partly overspread with ash-gray1 with numerous lenticels2 branchlets thick1 long1 brown partly covered with ash-gray1 smooth1 with inconspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 variable in size1 averaging four and one-fourth inches long1 two and one-fourth inches wide1 folded upward1 long-oval to obovate1 thin2 upper surface rather dark green1 rugose2 lower surface dull light green1 thinly pubescent2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 margin coarsely and doubly serrate1 glandular2 petiole one and three-fourths inches long1 thick1 pubescent1 dull red1 with from two to four large1 reniform1 reddish glands on the stalk4 ,buds pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged as lateral buds and grouped in large clusters on numerous short spurs2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers one and one-fourth inches across1 white2 borne in dense clusters in twos and threes2 pedicels three-fourths of an inch long1 slender1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube green1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes greenish1 acute1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals broad-obovate to oval1 entire1 with very short1 blunt claws1 distinctly notched at the apex2 filaments nearly one-half inch long2 pistil glabrous1 usually shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures early2 one inch in diameter1 cordate1 compressed2 cavity deep1 wide2 suture very shallow2 apex somewhat pointed2 color reddish over an amber background1 marked with indistinct1 whitish spots and streaks2 dots numerous1 small1 whitish1 inconspicuous2 stem one and one-half inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin thin1 separating from the pulp2 flesh yellowish-white1 with colorless juice1 tender1 meaty1 crisp1 sprightly1 sweet2 of very good quality2 stone clinging1 cordate1 flattened1 blunt1 with roughish surfaces2 enlarged along the ventral suture4 ,,george ,,glass ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbh1 #cbi4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gi4 #ahij4 #c4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bde4 #ahid4 #d4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ca3cda4 #ahie4 #e4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abe4 #aijj4 #f4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgf1 #bgg4 #aijc4 #g4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3gj4 #aijc4 ,george ,glass has been widely heralded as a desirable variety in the ,middle ,west but in ,new ,york1 where it has passed through a rather lengthy probationary period1 practically all who have tried it are ready to declare it worthless4 ,it is of the ,amarelle group and cannot compete with the many good varieties of its kinship1 as the ,early ,richmond or the several ,montmorencies4 ,its season is between ,early ,richmond and ,montmorency4 ,as compared with the last-named variety1 the standard ,sour ,cherry1 the fruit of ,george ,glass is smaller1 sourer1 less attractive in appearance and the trees are far less fruitful4 ,possibly the trees are more hardy1 this character commending it for the colder parts of the ,mississippi ,valley4 ,the origin of this variety is uncertain but it is supposed to have been introduced into ,iowa by immigrants from northeastern ,germany4 ,in ,american collections it has often been confused with ,brusseler ,braune and ,bessarabian and by some is declared to be identical with the latter sort4 ,it is supposed to be a cross between a ,duke and a ,morello cherry4 ,illustration3 ,,george ,,glass ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 rather open1 hardy1 appears unproductive2 trunk thick2 branches thick1 roughened1 with numerous conspicuous1 raised lenticels2 leaves numerous1 four inches long1 two inches wide1 obovate1 thick1 stiff1 dark green2 petiole three-fourths of an inch long1 tinged with red1 with a few hairs along the upper surface1 with one or two small1 globose1 reddish-orange glands1 usually at the base of the blade2 buds intermediate in size and length2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in dense clusters4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 three-fourths of an inch long1 one inch wide1 oblate1 compressed2 cavity deep2 color light red changing to dark red2 stem one and one-eighth inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin separating from the pulp2 flesh yellowish-white1 with abundant colorless juice1 stringy1 tender and melting1 rather mild for a sour cherry2 good to very good in quality2 stone free1 roundish or slightly oblate1 plump1 blunt1 with smooth surfaces2 ventral suture prominent4 ,,heart-,,shaped ,,weichsel ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #egc-egg4 #ahai4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fj1 #fa4 #aheh4 #c4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbh4 #ahhh4 #d4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3ag4 #aiaj4 ,herzfrmige ,sauerkirsche4 #e4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhh4 #ahjb4 ,heart-,shaped ,griotte4 #f4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man44 #b3adi4 #ahcb4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3ajc1 #ajd1 fig4 #ej4 #ahff-gc4 ,this ,sour ,cherry1 of the ,morello group1 is too poor in quality to recommend it for any purpose4 ,the fruit is scarcely edible until dead ripe and even then is too puckering to eat out of hand with relish4 ,the cherries are very attractive1 being large for the kind1 heart-shaped1 of a handsome1 clear1 glossy dark purple color and very uniform in all characters4 ,the tree is conspicuous because of its symmetrical shape1 large size1 round head and its many branches and branchlets4 ,the leaves are characteristically small1 as are the flowers1 which are further distinguished by very narrow petals4 ,the tree is hardy and productive and quite worth a place on a lawn as an ornamental if not in the garden for its fruit4 ,the variety has several characters to commend it to plant-breeders4 ,this variety came to light in written records in the early part of the ,nineteenth ,century in ,german fruit-books under the name ,saure ,herzkirsche or ,herzkirschweichsel and was highly recommended for its fine flavor4 ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd of ,iowa1 in one of his ,european trips1 was impressed with its symmetrical habit of growth and its abundant foliage where he found it growing in eastern ,europe as a lawn tree4 ,he included it among his importations but it has not proved valuable in the ,new ,world4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 open-topped1 unproductive2 branches rather slender1 smooth except for the large1 conspicuous lenticels2 branchlets slender1 long2 leaves numerous1 two and three-fourths inches long1 one and three-eighths inches wide1 obovate to oval1 thin1 dark green1 smooth2 petiole over one-half inch long1 tinged with red1 with from one to three small1 globose1 greenish-yellow or brownish glands at the base of the blade2 buds intermediate in size and length1 usually obtuse2 season of bloom late2 flowers one inch across2 borne in scattered clusters2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil slightly shorter than the stamens1 often defective4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 about three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 roundish-conic1 slightly compressed2 color very dark1 dull red2 stem slender1 one and one-fourth inches long1 adhering to the fruit2 skin thin1 tough2 flesh very dark red1 with dark wine-colored juice1 tender1 rather meaty1 very astringent1 sour2 of poor quality2 stone nearly free1 small1 ovate1 flattened1 pointed1 with roughish and colored surfaces4 ,,hildesheim ,prunus avium #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aca4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aif4 #ahed4 ,guignier ,fruit ,rouge ,tardif4 #c4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afb4 #agfh4 ,agathe4 #d4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cg4 #agga4 ,doppelttragende ,kleine ,rothe ,sptkirsche4 #e4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bha1 #bhb1 #bhc4 #ahai4 ,hildesheimer ,ganz ,spte ,knorpelkirsche4 #f4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cba1 #cbb1 #cbc4 #ahai4 ,late ,red ,guigne4 #g4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aac4 #ahcb4 ,bigarreau ,tardif de ,hildesheim4 #h4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahd4 #ahde4 ,merveille de ,september4 #i4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baj4 #ahed4 ,belle ,agathe de ,novembre4 #aj4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #c3i1 ,pl4 #ahee4 ,hildesheimer ,spte ,knorpelkirsche4 #aa4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #aci fig41 #adj4 #ahfj4 ,kratos ,knorpelkirsche4 #ab4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ei fig41 #fj4 #ahfg4 ,schne ,agathe4 #ac4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #fc fig41 #fd4 #ahfg4 ,bigarreau de ,fer4 #ad4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3aii1 #bjj fig4 #ahgg4 ,belle ,agathe4 #ae4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ii1 #ajj1 fig4 #ej4 #ahhb4 ,bigarreau de ,hildesheim4 #af4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bhb4 #ahhd4 ,this variety1 one of the oldest1 has been called by a great number of names by ,european writers4 ,the cherry mentioned by ,duhamel1 in #agfh1 as a late ,guigne with red fruit1 otherwise known as ,guigne de ,fer1 can be no other than ,hildesheim4 ,the exact origin of the variety has never been known1 though it is supposed to have sprung up in the neighborhood of ,hildesheim1 ,prussia4 ,it was brought to ,america early in the ,nineteenth ,century1 probably by ,william ,prince4 ,with it came some of the numerous foreign names4 ,it seems certain that ,late ,red ,guigne mentioned by ,prince was ,hildesheim4 ,ripening late and being small and of rather undesirable texture1 ,hildesheim did not meet with much favor in ,america1 never being widely disseminated1 and has long since passed from cultivation4 ,this variety1 under the name ,belle ,agathe1 was propagated in ,belgium by ,m4 ,thiery about #aheb and for some time was supposed to be a separate sort4 ,the following description is compiled3 ,tree very large1 vigorous1 upright1 hardy1 an annual bearer1 unproductive while young producing good crops later2 branches thick1 large1 long1 straight2 leaves numerous1 of medium size1 oval or elongated-oval1 acuminate2 margin finely and regularly serrate2 petiole slender1 rather short1 tinged red1 with large1 flattened glands2 blooming season early4 ,fruit matures very late1 usually attached in fives but sometimes in threes and fours2 small to medium1 roundish-cordate1 flattened on one side1 somewhat irregular2 color yellowish1 mottled and marbled with dark red2 stem two inches long1 slender1 somewhat curved2 skin thick2 flesh pale yellow1 slightly tinged with red at the pit1 firm1 somewhat stringy1 rather dry1 with uncolored juice1 pleasant flavored1 sweet2 quality good2 stone medium to large1 with reddish surface1 long1 compressed4 ,,ida ,prunus avium #a4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #bj3bgj1 #bga4 #ahgh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afb4 #ahha4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,ida is a handsome1 large1 light red cherry resembling ,napoleon in shape and ,rockport in color1 but differing from both in having soft flesh which places it among the ,hearts rather than the ,bigarreaus4 ,because of beauty of the fruit1 earliness and good tree-characters1 ,ida promises to become a rather general favorite in home orchards though it falls short of several others of its near of kin in flavor and flesh-characters4 ,it can never take a high place among commercial kinds because the cherries are too soft to handle well1 show bruises plainly1 are somewhat susceptible to brown-rot and come when better cherries are plentiful4 ,the trees are vigorous1 hardy and bear full crops regularly and in various environments4 ,the variety is readily told by the upright habit of growth and by the large lenticels on trunk and branches4 ,ida has been very well tried as a commercial variety in this ,state but in the ups and downs of the industry has not held its own with other sorts and can be recommended only for home plantations4 ,e4 ,h4 ,cocklin of ,shepherdstown1 ,pennsylvania1 grew this variety as a seedling of ,cocklin's ,favorite1 another of his cherries4 ,the cherry was named after his daughter1 ,ida4 ,it seems to have proved worthy of general culture1 as it is now listed by many nurserymen4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society placed ,ida on its fruit list in #aiji4 ,illustration3 ,,ida ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright1 open-topped1 somewhat vasiform1 very productive2 trunk stout2 branches very stocky1 smooth1 light ash-gray over brown1 with large1 much-raised lenticels2 branchlets very stout1 short1 brown partly covered with ash-gray1 roughish1 with a few raised lenticels4 ,leaves five and one-half inches long1 two and one-half inches wide1 folded upward1 elliptical to obovate1 thin2 upper surface dark green1 smooth2 lower surface light green1 pubescent along the midrib and larger veins2 apex taper-pointed1 base acute2 margin doubly crenate1 with small1 black glands2 petiole two and one-fourth inches long1 thick1 tinged with red1 somewhat hairy along the grooved upper surface1 usually with two large1 reniform1 reddish glands on the stalk4 ,buds large1 long1 pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and in dense clusters on numerous short spurs1 also with many small1 round1 lateral leaf-buds on the secondary growth2 leaf-scars not prominent2 blooming in mid-season2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in clusters usually in twos2 pedicels three-fourths of an inch long1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube green1 whitish within1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes with a tinge of red1 acute1 reflexed2 petals roundish1 entire1 dentate at the apex1 nearly sessile2 filaments nearly one-half inch long2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures early2 three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 cordate1 slightly compressed2 cavity deep1 flaring1 regular2 suture a distinct line2 apex variable in shape2 color amber overspread with light red1 mottled2 dots numerous1 rather large1 yellowish1 somewhat conspicuous2 stem one and one-half inches long2 skin thin1 separating readily from the pulp2 flesh whitish1 with colorless juice1 tender and melting1 mild1 sweet2 of good quality2 stone free or semi-free1 roundish1 slightly flattened1 blunt1 with smooth surfaces2 with distinct ridges along the ventral suture4 ,,jeffrey ,,duke ,prunus avium ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bjd4 #ahdc4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aij1 #aia4 #ahde4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #e4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aai1 #abj1 fig4 #fj4 #ahhb4 #f4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cjb4 #ahhd4 ,royale4 #g4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aic1 #aid1 ,pl4 ,,xv4 #agfh4 #h4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dhb-dhd4 #ahai4 #i4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3chf1 #chg fig41 #chh4 #ahgg4 ,knigliche ,sssweichsel4 #aj4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dbg-dbi4 #ahai4 #aa4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #gc fig41 #gd4 #ahfg4 ,jeffrey's ,royal4 #ab4 ,floy-,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #ii4 #ahdf4 ,royale ,htive4 #ac4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3acd-ach1 fig4 #cb4 #ahff4 ,this old variety1 which has almost passed from cultivation1 may have had its origin in ,france about the middle of the ,eighteenth ,century1 though more likely it originated in ,england much earlier4 ,leroy mentions a ,royale cherry which was introduced from ,england to ,france about #agcj and was first grown by ,m4 le ,normand in the garden of ,louis ,,xv4 ,the name ,royale was first used by the ,french about #agce from the fact that it was grown in the royal gardens and since that time this name has clung to the variety in most of the ,french plantations4 ,according to ,english writers1 the variety was brought to notice in ,england by ,jeffrey1 proprietor of the ,brompton ,nursery at ,brompton ,park1 ,england1 and from that time it was known as ,jeffrey's ,duke4 ,english pomologists maintain that ,jeffrey renamed the old ,cherry ,duke of ,england1 giving it his name4 ,jeffrey ,duke appeared on the ,american ,pomological ,society's fruit catalog list in #ahfb but was dropped in #ahga4 ,it is doubtful if the variety can now be found in ,america4 ,the following description is compiled from the authors given in the references3 ,tree large1 vigorous1 very upright1 unusually compact1 slow-growing1 productive2 branches very numerous1 stocky1 straight1 thickly set with fruit-spurs2 internodes short2 branchlets very short2 buds closely set2 leaves numerous1 medium in size1 oval or obovate1 acuminate2 margin finely and irregularly serrate2 petiole short1 slender1 with small1 flattened or globose glands2 blooming season late2 flowers small1 very open4 ,fruit matures in mid-season1 usually attached in pairs2 medium in size1 roundish1 slightly flattened at the apex and base2 suture a well-marked line2 color lively red becoming dark red or almost black when fully ripe2 stem slender1 inserted in a moderately broad1 deep cavity2 skin thin2 flesh firm but tender1 yellowish-amber1 with abundant colored juice1 slightly stringy1 highly flavored2 good in quality2 stone small1 roundish1 tinged with red4 ,,king ,,amarelle ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bic4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #faj-fae4 #ahai4 #c4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #agd4 #ahbe4 #d4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ecc fig41 #ecd4 #ahfa4 #e4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,iii3 ,no4 #bc1 ,pl4 #ahhb4 #f4 ,am4 ,gard4 #i3bfd4 #ahhh4 #g4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3fb4 #aijj4 #h4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3gb4 #aijc4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,king's ,cherry4 #aj4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 ,king ,amarelle is an old ,european cherry that has taken on new life in ,america4 ,it is of the ,early ,richmond type1 differing from this standard ,amarelle in bearing fruit a little earlier1 lighter in color and with a longer stem4 ,the fault which all but condemns the variety as a commercial cherry is the small size of the fruit1 the cherries running smaller than those of ,early ,richmond which1 in its turn1 is rather too small4 ,the tree is very like that of ,early ,richmond--quite as vigorous and productive1 the same in size and shape and1 if anything1 a little more hardy4 ,the variety is told from afar in blossoming-time by the peculiar distribution of the flower-clusters1 which are numerous and dense but always separated by several inches or a foot of bare wood4 ,king ,amarelle can never displace ,early ,richmond but might be tried where a somewhat hardier cherry is wanted or it might be planted as a substitute where the better-known sort fails4 ,this variety1 of old and uncertain origin1 sprang up in ,france about the same time as the ,montmorencies and became confused with them4 ,in both fruit and tree-characters1 however1 ,king ,amarelle is very different from the ,montmorencies1 being more like ,early ,may but ripening later and making a larger tree4 ,the cultivation of ,king ,amarelle never became extended in ,europe because of the inferior quality of the fruit and poor tree-characters4 ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd brought the variety to ,america from ,russia about #ahhc4 ,the ,royal ,amarelle1 grown on the ,canadian ,experiment ,station grounds in #aijj1 is undoubtedly ,king ,amarelle4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society placed it on its list of recommended fruits in #aiji4 ,tree of medium size and vigor1 upright-spreading1 open-topped1 very productive2 trunk roughish2 branches rather slender1 smooth1 reddish-brown overlaid with dark ash-gray2 branchlets slender1 of medium length1 with short internodes1 brown partly covered with ash-gray1 smooth1 with numerous conspicuous1 small1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves three and one-half inches long1 one and one-half inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate1 somewhat glossy1 thick2 upper surface dark green1 rugose2 lower surface light green1 with a few scattering hairs2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 margin finely and doubly serrate1 with small1 dark glands2 petiole one inch long1 somewhat slender1 lightly tinged with red1 with a few hairs on the grooved upper surface and with from one to three small1 globose1 greenish-yellow glands at the base of the blade4 ,buds small1 short1 obtuse1 very free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and in clusters on few1 short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in dense clusters usually in threes2 pedicels over one-half inch long1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube with a tinge of red1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes faintly tinged with red1 acute1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals somewhat obovate1 entire1 with an entire apex2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures early2 three-fourths inch in diameter1 roundish-oblate1 compressed2 cavity regular1 somewhat abrupt2 suture indistinct2 apex roundish or flattened2 color bright red2 dots numerous1 small1 light russet1 rather conspicuous2 stem one inch long1 adhering to the fruit2 skin thin1 tender1 separating from the pulp2 flesh pale yellow1 with colorless juice1 tender and melting1 sprightly2 fair to good in quality2 stone free1 ovate1 somewhat flattened1 pointed1 with smooth surfaces1 faintly tinged with red2 ridged along the ventral suture4 ,,kirtland ,prunus avium #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #bb4 #aijd-je4 ,kirtland's ,mary4 #b4 ,horticulturist #b3abc1 #abd fig4 #ba4 #ahdg-dh4 #c4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cfe4 #ahdi4 #d4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bca4 #ahdi4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ci4 #aheb4 #f4 ,ibid4 #bce4 #ahed4 #g4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aih fig4 #ahed4 #h4 ,hooper ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #bfb1 #bfc4 #aheg4 #i4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3ee1 #ef1 fig4 #bf4 #ahff-gc4 ,mary4 #aj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #hf1 #hg4 #ahff4 ,in the collection of cherries at this ,station1 ,kirtland stands among the best of the ,bigarreaus in quality of fruit--in fact is hardly surpassed in richness and delicacy of flavor4 ,the fruit1 too1 as may be seen from the color-plate1 is handsome1 the cherries resembling the well-known ,napoleon but being a little darker in color4 ,the flesh is firm and meaty and stands handling well and also resists the brown-rot as well as any other cherry4 ,with these splendid qualities of fruit1 ,kirtland would long ago have been one of the standard commercial cherries were its tree-characters better4 ,wherever tried1 the complaint comes that the trees lack vigor and can be grown successfully only on choice cherry soils and under the best of care4 ,with these faults the variety can be recommended only for home orchards and for local markets where there is demand for a very early ,bigarreau1 since this variety ripens before most other cherries of its kind4 ,kirtland was grown in #ahdb by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland of ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 and ranks foremost in quality and appearance of all the seedlings raised by this well-known cherry-breeder4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society1 in #aheb1 mentioned this sort as deserving of further trial and1 in #ahed1 listed it among the varieties of promising fruits4 ,elliott1 in his ,fruit ,book1 noted this cherry under the name ,kirtland's ,mary1 in honor of ,professor ,kirtland's daughter1 and classed it as a variety worthy of general cultivation4 ,hogg1 in #ahff1 dropped the name ,kirtland and listed it as ,mary1 while in the ,american ,pomological ,society's ,special ,report for #aije it is called ,kirtland4 ,according to the rules of pomological nomenclature1 ,hogg was correct in holding the name ,mary but1 since there is another ,mary and no worthy sort bearing the name of so eminent a horticulturist as ,professor ,kirtland1 this ,station follows the ,american ,pomological ,society in the use of ,kirtland4 ,illustration3 ,,kirtland ,tree small1 rather weak1 upright-spreading1 open-topped1 productive2 trunk and branches slender1 smooth2 branches reddish-brown partly overspread with ash-gray1 with numerous lenticels2 branchlets thick1 brown almost entirely overspread with ash-gray1 smooth except for the longitudinal1 conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves five inches long1 two and one-fourth inches wide1 folded upward1 elliptical to obovate1 thin2 upper surface medium green1 somewhat glossy1 smooth2 lower surface light green1 thinly pubescent2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 margin doubly serrate1 with small1 dark glands2 petiole one and three-fourths inches long1 slender1 tinged with red1 lightly pubescent along the upper side1 with two or three reniform1 reddish glands on the stalk4 ,buds pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds or on numerous1 very short spurs in clusters variable in size2 leaf-scars prominent2 blooming in mid-season2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in dense clusters2 pedicels one inch long1 pubescent1 reddish-green2 calyx-tube tinged with red1 light green within1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes reddish1 obtuse1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish-oval1 entire1 with short1 broad claws and a notched apex2 filaments in four series1 the longest one-half inch2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 cordate1 compressed2 cavity wide1 flaring2 suture a more or less distinct line2 apex roundish or pointed1 with a small depression at the center2 color amber overspread with bright red2 dots numerous1 small1 grayish1 conspicuous2 stem one and three-fourths inches long1 adhering to the fruit2 skin tough2 flesh whitish1 with colorless juice1 tender1 meaty1 with a pleasant and refreshing flavor2 very good to best in quality2 stone free1 small1 roundish-ovate1 with smooth surfaces2 ridged along the ventral suture4 ,,knight ,prunus avium #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,knight's ,early ,black4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 #c4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abj4 #ahcb4 #d4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #eb4 #ahdh4 #e4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde4 #c3ai4 #aheh4 #f4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3hc4 #ahff4 #g4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3he1 #hf1 fig4 #dc4 #ahhb4 ,knights ,frhe ,herzkirsche4 #h4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #c fig41 #d4 #ahfg4 ,this old ,english variety has long been popular in ,america1 where it is generally known as ,knight's ,early ,black1 this name having been shortened by the ,american ,pomological ,society to ,knight4 ,possibly ,knight is to be found in dooryards and home gardens in ,eastern ,united ,states as often as any other ,sweet ,cherry with the exception of ,black ,tartarian4 ,the characters which give it popularity are excellent quality1 handsome appearance because of its glossy1 dark purple color and uniformity in color1 shape and size1 and its earliness1 it being the earliest good ,sweet ,cherry4 ,unfortunately1 even in the best soil and under the most painstaking treatment1 the cherries run small1 a defect for ,american markets4 ,the small size also leads to comparatively low yields even though the fruits are often borne in prodigious numbers4 ,knight1 in size1 color and flavor1 is much like ,black ,tartarian but the cherries are smaller and ripen earlier4 ,as the trees grow on the grounds of this ,station they are about all that could be desired in a ,sweet ,cherry4 ,the trees are characteristically marked by smooth bark which is dotted with large lenticels4 ,there are now better sweet varieties than ,knight for most purposes but still this old variety has too many merits1 especially for home grounds1 to be wholly forgotten4 ,knight comes from a seed of ,may ,duke crossed with ,yellow ,spanish by ,t4 ,a4 ,knight1 ,downton ,castle1 ,wiltshire1 ,england1 about #ahaj4 ,the new variety sprang into prominence almost immediately1 being mentioned by ,french1 ,german and ,english writers4 ,knight is still one of the well-recognized sorts in ,europe and ,america and has appeared continuously on the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society since #ahdh4 ,mathieu has included several synonyms under this head which we question as we believe they belong to the ,guigne ,noir ,htive1 a distinct variety though very similar4 ,illustration3 ,,knight ,tree of medium size1 upright-spreading1 open-topped1 very productive2 trunk stocky1 variable in smoothness2 branches smooth1 light reddish-brown nearly overspread with ash-gray1 with small lenticels2 branchlets thick1 brown lightly covered with ash-gray1 variable in smoothness1 with small1 raised1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 five and one-half inches long1 two and one-half inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate to long-oval1 thin2 upper surface dark green1 rugose2 lower surface light green1 thinly pubescent2 apex and base variable in shape2 margin doubly serrate1 with small1 dark glands2 petiole two inches long1 slender1 tinged with red1 with a shallow groove and with few hairs1 with two or three large1 reniform1 reddish glands1 usually on the stalk4 ,buds long1 conical or pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and in small clusters on spurs variable in length2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in dense clusters1 usually in twos2 pedicels one inch long1 slender1 glabrous2 calyx-tube green1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes lightly tinged with red1 long1 acute1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals oval1 entire1 deeply notched at the apex2 filaments nearly one-half inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures early2 three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 cordate to conical2 cavity wide1 rather abrupt2 suture indistinct2 apex flattened1 with a small depression at the center2 color dark reddish-black1 obscurely mottled2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 obscure2 stem slender1 one and one-half inches long1 adhering well to the fruit2 skin thin1 tender1 separating from the pulp2 flesh dark red1 with dark colored juice1 tender1 meaty1 mild1 sweet2 of good quality2 stone free except along the ventral suture1 small1 roundish-ovate1 with smooth surfaces4 ,,lambert ,prunus avium #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #bd4 #ahid4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahii4 #c4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,yearbook #cjg-cji1 ,pl4 #ca4 #aijg4 ,nowhere else in ,america1 possibly nowhere else in the world1 can the ,sweet ,cherry be grown as well as in ,oregon and ,washington4 ,from these ,states1 more particularly ,oregon1 several meritorious cherries have been added to pomology4 ,one of the best of these is ,lambert1 now a standard sort in its native ,state but still on probation in ,eastern ,america4 ,lambert is a ,bigarreau1 a seedling of ,napoleon by ,black ,heart1 and a worthy rival of its parents in most respects and superior in some4 ,in appearance1 ,lambert is more like its male than its female parent1 having much the same shape and color1 but it is larger1 more rotund1 smoother1 clearer and brighter--one of the handsomest of the dark-colored ,sweets4 ,the flesh and flavor leave little to be desired2 the flesh is purplish-red marbled with lighter red1 firm1 meaty and juicy1 with a sweet1 rich flavor that at the first taste one marks very good4 ,the tree is strong1 vigorous1 healthy and usually fruitful and regular in bearing4 ,the fruit sets in great1 loose clusters--often a dozen or more cherries to the fruit-spur4 ,the leaves are remarkably large and dark green1 the foliage betokening the vigor of the variety4 ,lambert is well worthy thorough testing for either home or market wherever the ,sweet ,cherry can be grown4 ,lambert originated as a seedling under a ,napoleon tree which was planted by the late ,henderson ,lewelling#hj about #ahdh in the orchard of ,j4 ,h4 ,lambert1 ,milwaukee1 ,oregon4 ,this seedling1 supposed to have been a cross between ,napoleon and ,black ,heart1 was grafted to ,may ,duke and later transplanted4 ,about #ahhj1 the top died and a sprout from the seedling stock formed a new top4 ,mr4 ,lambert gave the new variety his name and in #ahie turned over his stock to the ,oregon ,horticultural ,society with the exclusive right to propagate4 ,the variety was placed on the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahii where it still remains4 ,illustration3 ,,lambert ,tree medium to large in size and vigor1 upright-spreading1 very productive2 branches smooth1 dull reddish-brown1 with numerous small lenticels2 branchlets thick1 long1 dark reddish-brown nearly covered with ash-gray1 smooth1 glabrous1 with a few inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves four and one-fourth inches long1 two and one-half inches wide1 folded upward1 oval to obovate1 thin2 upper surface medium green1 smooth2 lower surface light green1 lightly pubescent2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 margin doubly serrate1 glandular2 petiole one and one-half inches long1 dull red1 glandless1 or with from one to three rather small1 globose1 reddish glands on the stalk4 ,buds large1 pointed or conical1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds or in small clusters on short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom intermediate1 short2 flowers one and one-fourth inches across1 white2 borne usually in twos2 pedicels three-fourths of an inch long1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube green1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes long1 broad1 obtuse1 finely serrate2 petals roundish1 entire1 with short claws and with dentate apex2 filaments one-half inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 one inch in diameter1 roundish-cordate1 compressed2 cavity rather deep1 slightly flaring2 suture shallow1 often a mere line2 apex roundish1 depressed at the center2 color very dark red changing to reddish-black2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 obscure2 stem tinged with red1 slender1 one and one-fourth inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin thin1 adhering to the pulp2 flesh dark red1 with scant dark red juice1 meaty1 firm1 pleasant flavored1 sweet2 of very good quality2 stone clinging1 large1 wide1 ovate1 flattened1 blunt1 oblique1 with smooth surfaces2 prominently ridged along the ventral suture4 #hj ,little is known of the early life of ,seth and ,henderson ,lewelling4 ,they were of ,welsh ancestry and both were born in ,salem1 ,north ,carolina1 ,henderson on the #beth of ,april1 #ahji1 and ,seth on the #fth day of ,march1 #ahai4 ,henderson died in ,california ,december #bhth1 #ahgh1 while ,seth died in ,milwaukee1 continued3 ,oregon1 ,february #bast1 #ahig4 ,when the boys were still very young their parents moved from ,north ,carolina to ,ohio and founded the town of ,salem in ,ross ,county2 later they moved to ,indiana where their father established a nursery and became one of the pioneer fruit-growers of what was then the ,west and here again they founded a town of ,salem4 ,we next hear of ,henderson ,lewelling in ,salem1 ,henry ,county1 ,iowa1 the town of his naming1 with the statement that in #ahcg he planted a small nursery of #ce varieties of apples and some peach1 plum and cherry trees4 ,the history of the ,lewellings now becomes more definite for we have it from ,seth ,lewelling#ha 7we spell the name as does he and not ,luelling as do many in writing of him7 that in ,march1 #ahdg1 ,henderson ,lewelling planted an assortment of apples1 pears1 peaches1 plums and cherries and loaded them into two wagons and started to ,oregon4 ,this traveling nursery was on the road from ,march to ,november and one can imagine the labor of watering and caring for the trees in this trip across mountains and plains4 ,henderson ,lewelling formed a partnership with ,william ,meek under the firm name of ,meek ,lewelling1 ,milwaukee1 ,oregon4 ,seth joined his brother in the fall of #ahej bringing with him from the ,east a considerable quantity of fruit seed4 ,for the next few years their nursery operations were on a large scale1 over #ajj1jjj grafts being planted in #ahec4 ,from time to time they made new importations of plants and fruit seeds from the ,east4 ,seth says that his brother quit the business and moved to ,california in #ahec and we hear no more of him until his death in #ahgh4 ,in #aheg1 the partnership between ,meek and ,seth ,lewelling was dissolved leaving the latter the owner of the ,milwaukee nurseries4 ,it was in #ahfj that ,seth ,lewelling raised his first seedling cherry1 the ,republican1 called by him ,black ,republican1 which was sold to ,george ,walling of ,oswego and ,mr4 ,hanson of ,east ,portland1 the proceeds bringing ,lewelling #ejj4 ,mr4 ,lewelling counts the ,republican and ,bing cherries and the ,golden ,prune as his most notable contributions to pomology4 ,the ,lewellings are types of fruit-breeders who have done noble work for pomology in the settlement of all our states--men of for indomitable courage and will who have bred and grown fruits throughout their lives in spite of every adversity4 ,few other men labored longer and more devotedly to improve the cherry than ,seth ,lewelling4 #ha ,oregon ,st4 ,bd4 ,hort4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #b3bdb4 #ahic4 ,,large ,,montmorency ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bb4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,ibid4 #be4 #ahii4 #c4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aaj1 #aad4 #aijj4 #d4 ,am4 ,gard4 #bb3bff1 #bfg4 #aija4 ,flemish4 #e4 ,bradley ,gard4 #baa4 #agci4 #f4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #di4 #ahca4 #g4 ,thompson ,gard4 ,ass't #ecj4 #ahei4 ,grosse ,glaskirsche von ,montmorency4 #h4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dfe-dgj4 #ahai4 #h4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ed1 #ee4 #aheh4 #aj4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #afe fig41 #aff4 #ahfj4 ,short ,stem ,montmorency4 #aa4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aci1 #adj4 #ahcb4 #ab4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3ge4 #aijc4 ,grosser ,gobet4 #ac4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #edc fig41 #edd4 #ahfa4 ,montmorency4 #ad4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aie fig4 #ed1 #aif1 #aig4 #ahff4 ,as its synonyms show1 ,large ,montmorency has been grown under various names in ,europe and ,america--a testimony to its merits4 ,were it not that the true ,montmorency is so much more fruitful than this larger-fruited offshoot of the same race of ,amarelle cherries1 ,large ,montmorency would be a leading commercial ,sour ,cherry1 for it is equal to the smaller-fruited strain in all other characters with the advantage of size4 ,the relationship between this and the other ,montmorencies is apparent but ,large ,montmorency is easily distinguished by several marked characters from the common ,montmorency1 known by all1 with which it is most often confused4 ,its fruits are more often borne singly1 are larger1 have a shorter1 thicker stem1 are more oblate and ripen a little earlier4 ,the trees are more upright1 with stouter branches and are far less fruitful4 ,the flesh-characters of the two kinds are much the same--excellent in both1 the flavor being particularly refreshing to those who like the acidity of the ,sour ,cherry4 ,large ,montmorency has been tried and found so wanting in productiveness that it can rarely be recommended as a commercial variety but it is much too good a fruit to be wholly lost and should be grown by connoisseurs who want a large1 finely flavored ,sour ,cherry4 ,this variety has been much confused with other cherries1 particularly ,montmorency1 ,early ,richmond and ,short ,stem ,montmorency4 ,bradley1 in #agci1 mentioned a ,flemish cherry which undoubtedly was the ,large ,montmorency of today1 for the name ,flemish has rather commonly been applied to this sort since ,bradley's time4 ,there is no doubt but that ,large ,montmorency sprang up about the same time as the true ,montmorency1 in the ,montmorency ,valley in ,france4 ,it may have been a seedling of the ,cerise ,htive1 afterwards known as ,early ,richmond1 though some writers are of the opinion that the ,montmorencies and ,cerise ,htive were all seedlings of the old ,cerise ,commune4 ,at any rate1 there have come to be at least three distinct types of ,montmorency3 the true ,montmorency with long stems and moderate-sized fruit1 called ,montmorency ,longue ,queue or1 in ,america1 ,montmorency ,ordinaire2 the ,large ,montmorency with its large fruit and shorter1 thicker stems1 commonly known by the ,french and ,german writers as ,montmorency ,gros ,fruit1 ,gros ,gobet1 ,grosse ,glaskirsche von ,montmorency and sometimes as ,montmorency ,courte ,queue2 and the ,short-,stem ,montmorency1 often called ,montmorency ,courte ,queue and sometimes ,gros ,gobet4 ,large ,montmorency has often been sold for ,montmorency1 or for ,early ,richmond1 hence the three varieties are more or less confused4 ,large ,montmorency probably came to ,america about the same time as ,montmorency and ,early ,richmond1 early in the ,nineteenth ,century4 ,in #ahge1 ,ellwanger ,barry1 ,rochester1 ,new ,york1 disseminated this sort quite extensively but later it proved too unproductive for commercial use4 ,it was soon replaced by the true ,montmorency but often the names were interchanged and large forms of the ,montmorency were thought to be this variety4 ,the unproductiveness of this cherry has been consistently mentioned by nearly every writer from ,duhamel's time to the present4 ,large ,montmorency was added to the ,american ,pomological ,society's catalog list of fruits in #ahhe as ,montmorency ,large but in #ahii this name was changed to ,large ,montmorency4 ,illustration3 ,,large ,,montmorency ,tree rather large1 vigorous1 upright1 vasiform1 unproductive2 trunk thick1 roughened2 branches stocky1 nearly smooth1 reddish-brown overspread with dark ash-gray1 with numerous large1 raised1 conspicuous lenticels2 branchlets thick1 short1 brown tinged with bronze1 smooth except for the large1 numerous yellowish1 conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 three and one-half inches long1 one and three-fourths inches wide1 folded upward1 broad-oval to obovate1 thick1 stiff2 upper surface dark green1 slightly rugose2 apex acute1 base variable in shape2 margin serrate1 glandular2 petiole one inch long1 tinged with dull red1 glandless or with from one to three globose1 yellow or brownish glands1 usually at the base of the blade4 ,buds usually pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and in small clusters on short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers white1 one inch across2 borne in scattering clusters1 usually in threes2 pedicels five-eighths inch long1 glabrous1 green2 calyx-tube tinged with red1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes with a trace of red1 long1 broad1 acute1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals obovate1 entire or slightly crenate1 sessile1 with a crenate apex2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to or longer than the stamens1 often defective4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 oblate1 compressed2 cavity wide1 flaring2 suture shallow2 apex flattened or depressed2 color dark red2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 somewhat conspicuous2 stem thick1 one inch long1 adhering fairly well to the fruit2 skin thick1 separating from the pulp2 flesh whitish1 showing distinctly the fibers in the pulp1 with abundant colorless or slightly tinged juice1 tender and melting1 sprightly1 pleasant flavored1 tart2 of very good quality2 stone free1 roundish1 plump1 with smooth surfaces1 tinged with red4 ,,late ,,duke ,prunus avium ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #a3de1 ,pl4 #ahbh4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dh1 #di1 #ee1 #ef4 #ahca4 #c4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acd1 #ace4 #ahcb4 #d4 ,hort4 ,reg4 7,eng47 #a3beg1 fig4 #ahcc4 #e4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aia fig4 #hj4 #ahde4 #f4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3cig fig4 #cc1 #cih4 #ahdg4 #g4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #eef4 #ahdh4 #h4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #a3cg1 #ch1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,wahre ,englische ,kirsche4 #aj4 ,christ ,handb4 #fhb4 #agig4 #aa4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhd4 #ahjb4 #ab4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dje-daj4 #ahai4 #ac4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ej4 #aheh4 #ad4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #dii fig41 #ejj4 #ahfa4 ,spte ,herzogenkirsche4 #ae4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dcd-dcg4 #ahai4 ,anglaise ,tardive4 #af4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3agi-aha1 fig4 #dh4 #ahff4 #ag4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3fg1 #fh1 fig4 #cb4 #ahff-gc4 ,late ,duke is a variant of the well-known ,may ,duke1 ripening from two weeks to a month later4 ,the size1 color1 flavor and season of the fruit all commend it1 as do the vigor1 health and fruitfulness of the trees4 ,the cherries are not quite as sweet as those of ,may ,duke1 a little more marbled in color of skin and ripen through a longer season4 ,the trees are readily told from those of the earlier ,duke1 being more open and spreading1 scanter of foliage1 with slender branches and with fruit more thickly clustered along the branchlets4 ,ripening in a season when hybrid varieties are gone or rapidly going1 ,late ,duke is a valuable acquisition in the home orchard and for nearby markets to which tender-fleshed varieties can be shipped4 ,if those who want late cherries will plant this variety on a northern slope1 against a northern wall or where in any way shaded or in a cool soil1 these delicious cherries can be had until well toward ,august4 ,the tree is hardy and its blossoming-time is late so that the variety is well adapted to northern latitudes4 ,the origin of this variety is unknown4 ,in #agig1 ,christ mentions a true ,english cherry which is probably ,late ,duke4 ,at least ,oberdieck1 in #ahfa1 states that the true ,english cherry is identical with the ,late ,duke1 or ,anglaise ,tardive4 ,in #ahbc1 ,late ,duke was introduced into ,england by the ,london ,horticultural ,society from ,m4 ,vilmorin1 of ,paris1 under the name ,anglaise ,tardive4 ,though the ,french name of this variety seems to indicate an ,english origin1 the old ,english writers were not aware of any cherry of this kind being in existence in ,england previous to its introduction by the ,horticultural ,society4 ,because of the close resemblance of ,late ,duke to ,may ,duke it has often been confused with that sort and by some writers was supposed to be a late strain of ,may ,duke4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society listed ,late ,duke in its fruit catalog in #ahfb4 ,illustration3 ,,late ,,duke ,tree vigorous1 upright-spreading1 becoming spreading at maturity1 open-topped1 productive2 trunk and branches slender2 branches brown overlaid with dark ash-gray1 with numerous small lenticels2 branchlets slender1 short1 reddish-brown1 with ash-gray scarf-skin1 with numerous conspicuous1 small1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 three inches long1 one and three-fourths inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate1 thick2 upper surface very dark green1 smooth2 lower surface light green1 with a few scattering hairs2 apex abruptly pointed2 margin doubly crenate1 with small1 dark glands2 petiole one inch long1 lightly tinged with red1 grooved and somewhat hairy on the upper surface1 glandless or with one or two small1 reniform1 greenish glands1 usually at the base of the blade4 ,buds small1 short1 obtuse or conical1 plump1 free1 arranged singly and in clusters2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom late2 flowers white1 one inch across2 borne in numerous1 dense clusters1 in twos1 threes and fours2 pedicels one inch long1 slender1 glabrous1 green2 calyx-tube reddish1 campanulate2 calyx-lobes broad1 obtuse1 serrate1 reflexed2 petals roundish1 entire1 almost sessile2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures very late2 one inch in diameter1 blunt-cordate1 somewhat compressed2 cavity wide2 suture shallow2 color dark red2 stem slender1 one and one-half inches to two inches long1 deeply inserted2 flesh amber-colored1 with abundant juice1 tender1 rich1 sprightly subacid2 stone semi-clinging1 medium to large1 roundish-ovate1 compressed4 ,,late ,,kentish ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees4 ,am4 #aig4 #ahde4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,kentish ,red4 #c4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #bdi4 #ahag4 ,pie ,cherry4 #d4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cga4 #ahdi4 ,red ,pie ,cherry4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ajc4 #aheb4 ,kentish4 #f4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bag4 #ahed4 ,this old cherry served well the needs of ,americans in colonial times when all cherries were grown from pits or suckers4 ,though but little improvement on the wild ,prunus cerasus1 the trees were so hardy1 vigorous1 healthy and productive that any who had a bit of spare land could have cherries4 ,this1 therefore1 became preeminently the pie cherry of ,new ,england and the ,north ,atlantic ,states4 ,the trees are long-lived and even so late as a generation ago ,downing says that this variety is better known among us than any other acid cherry1 especially abundant on the ,hudson and near ,new ,york4 ,the variety is never planted now1 having long since been superseded by better sorts1 ,early ,richmond and ,montmorency in particular1 but it is still to be found as old trees or self-sown near where a tree of the variety formerly stood4 ,late ,kentish and ,early ,richmond1 the latter the ,kentish of some authors1 are much confused4 ,late ,kentish is the old ,pie ,cherry of ,colonial times4 ,it is a seedling sort belonging to ,america1 having been planted along fences and roadsides in the earliest times4 ,this cherry is mentioned by the ,pilgrims in #afbj and this and the ,may ,duke were listed as market varieties in ,massachusetts4 ,many believe it to be a seedling of ,early ,richmond1 sometimes1 as we have seen1 called ,kentish1 but this variety being two weeks later1 received the name ,late ,kentish4 ,the name was put on the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahgc4 ,the following description is a compilation3 ,tree small1 bears annually1 very productive1 hardy4 ,fruit matures about two weeks after ,early ,richmond2 medium or below in size1 roundish1 flattened2 stem one inch to one and one-half inches in length1 stout1 straight2 color deep1 lively red2 flesh light colored1 with abundant colorless juice1 very tender1 sour1 remaining quite acid even when fully ripe2 stone does not adhere to the stalk4 ,,lithauer ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbh4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #ag3i4 #ahib4 #c4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bde4 #ahid4 #d4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abh4 #aijj4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #cc4 #aijd-je4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,it is barely possible that ,lithauer1 if the trees can be obtained1 may have some value in the coldest and bleakest parts of ,new ,york where less hardy sorts cannot be grown4 ,the variety is too poor in quality to be worth planting where the better but less hardy cherries will grow4 ,we greatly doubt whether it is worthy a place in the recommended list of fruits of the ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,it is included here only because of the prominence given it by a place in the fruit list named4 ,this is one of the varieties imported from ,russia by ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd of ,iowa1 who reported that it was much grown in southwest ,russia for drying and in making cherry wine4 ,as tested in various parts of this country ,lithauer has proved of little value except in the extreme north4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society1 in #aiji1 listed this sort in its catalog of recommended fruits for northern fruit regions4 ,the following description is compiled3 ,tree large1 vigorous1 tall1 weeping1 hardy4 ,fruit matures from the middle to the last of ,july2 small1 roundish1 slightly oblate2 stem long1 averaging one and one-half inches1 slender2 color dark purplish-red becoming almost black at maturity2 skin thick1 tough2 flesh dark red1 with reddish juice1 firm1 meaty1 quite acid or bitter even when fully ripe2 poor in quality2 stone variable in size1 roundish4 ,,louis ,,philippe ,prunus avium ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bah4 #ahed4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #c4 ,horticulturist #bb3bhi1 #bij fig4 #ahfg4 #d4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bf1 #aie4 #ahgf4 #e4 ,cult4 ,count4 ,gent4 #db3cgh4 #ahgg4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,here again we have a very evident hybrid between some ,sweet ,cherry and a ,sour ,cherry of the ,morello type in which ,morello characters are most prominent4 ,if the description and color-plates of this variety and ,olivet be compared it will be found that the two cherries are nearly identical4 ,they differ only in season of ripening and in minor tree-characters which may be best summarized by the statement that this cherry has in the tree more of the aspect of a ,morello than has ,olivet4 ,it may be suspected that one or the other of the two varieties on our grounds is misnamed but the descriptions of all who have described the two show that they are very similar1 if not identical4 ,the history of ,louis ,philippe1 long known in ,america but little or not at all known in ,europe1 throws some light on the question of its distinctness from ,olivet1 the origin of which is known1 inasmuch as ,louis ,philippe seems to be the older of the two4 ,the value of the two varieties to cherry-growers is the same and is indicated in the discussion of ,olivet4 ,elliott1#hb the ,american pomologist1 imported ,louis ,philippe from ,france in #ahdf but the cherry does not seem to have been known at that time in ,europe and it is possible that ,elliott gave it its name4 ,for the first few years the variety was not given the recognition it deserved but1 in #ahfb1 it was recognized by the ,american ,pomological ,society by a place on its list of recommended fruits which it still holds under the name1 ,philippe4 ,illustration3 ,,louis ,,phillipe ,tree vigorous1 upright-spreading1 open-topped2 trunk and branches intermediate in thickness2 branches with numerous very large1 elongated1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 four and one-half inches long1 two and one-eighth inches wide1 oval to obovate1 thick1 leathery2 upper surface dark1 shiny green1 smooth2 lower surface olive-green1 with a large1 prominent midrib2 apex taper-pointed2 margin finely serrate1 with reddish-brown glands2 petiole one inch long1 usually with one or two large1 globose1 yellowish-red1 glands1 variable in position4 ,flowers one and one-fourth inches across1 white1 well distributed1 mostly in threes2 pedicels one inch long1 thick1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube green1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes broad1 obtuse1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals slightly obovate1 entire1 broad1 slightly notched at the apex2 stamens one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal in length to the stamens4 ,fruit matures in mid-season or later2 nearly one inch in diameter1 roundish-ovate2 cavity abrupt2 suture very shallow to a mere line2 apex flattened1 depressed2 color very dark red2 dots numerous1 unusually small1 obscure2 stem one and one-fourth inches to one and one-half inches long1 adhering well to the fruit2 flesh light red1 with much wine-colored juice1 fine-grained1 tender and melting1 sour at first1 becoming pleasantly tart at full maturity2 good in quality2 stone separates readily from the flesh1 small1 roundish-ovate1 plump2 ventral suture grooved2 dorsal suture with a small ridge4 #hb ,elliott's ,american ,fruit ,growers ,guide1 published in #aheh and dedicated to ,professor ,jared ,p4 ,kirtland1 was one of the notable pomological books of its day4 ,cherry growers1 in particular1 owe ,elliott a debt of gratitude for the publicity that he gave to ,kirtland's cherries1 having described in his book #bj of the sorts originated by ,professor ,kirtland4 ,beside his fruit book he published ,popular ,deciduous and ,evergreen ,trees 7#ahfh71 ,handbook for ,fruit-growers 7#ahgf7 and ,handbook of ,practical ,landscape ,gardening 7#ahgg74 ,he also served pomologists well for many years1 at various times1 from #ahej to #ahgc1 as the secretary of the ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,franklin ,reuben ,elliott was born in ,guilford1 ,connecticut1 ,april #bg1 #ahag4 ,we know1 from complimentary speeches1 accepted by ,elliott1 that he was a descendant of ,john ,eliot1 ,the ,apostle of the ,indians4 ,as a young man he engaged with a brother in ,new ,york as an importer of dry goods1 the firm being rated at half a million dollars4 ,financial ruin came through a disastrous fire and1 in #ahcf1 ,elliott went to ,newburgh and was employed by ,a4 ,j4 ,downing from whom he imbibed his knowledge and much of his love for pomology and horticulture4 ,a roving disposition and dissipated habits led him to leave ,downing for a position with a relative near ,cincinnati who was a market-gardener4 ,a ready pen seems from this time on to have been his chief means of livelihood for we find him successively in ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 and ,st4 ,louis1 ,missouri1 in newspaper work2 after a few years in each place he wandered to ,washington where he was employed in the ,agricultural ,department of the ,patent ,office illustrating ,american fruits4 ,from his hand in the ,patent ,office reports and from his fruit book1 came some of the most accurate and beautiful representations of the fruits of this continent4 ,it is probable that while in ,washington he began work on his ,fruit ,growers ,guide1 the time for which1 he tells us in his preface1 took ten years4 ,social infirmities seem to have cost him his position in ,washington and his last employment was with the ,cleveland ,herald1 after which comes the record of his death and burial in a pauper's grave ,january #aj1 #ahgh4 ,one of the most brilliant pomologists of his time1 his career seems again and again to have been checked by the weaknesses of his life2 even so1 he rendered horticulture valuable services for which we must give him gratitude and honor4 ,,lutovka ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbh4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ag4 #ahig4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #cb1 #cc4 #aijd-je4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,galopin4 #e4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ba4 #ahgf4 #f4 ,kan4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3ahi4 #ahig4 ,for a time ,lutovka and ,galopin were listed as two distinct varieties4 ,unquestionably they are the same despite the seeming difference in origin4 ,all we know of ,galopin is that it was said to have been originated by a nurseryman in ,belgium whose name it bears4 ,the ,lutovka was introduced into this country by ,j4 ,l4 ,budd of ,iowa1 in #ahhc1 and1 according to the introducer1 was well known in ,poland and ,silesia as a roadside tree4 ,nothing is said of it in foreign literature4 ,as was the case with many of ,budd's importations1 this variety did not stand the test of culture4 ,it is a shy bearer and is now seldom recommended1 although it was placed on the list of desirable fruits of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahig where it still remains4 ,the variety has no value in ,new ,york4 ,in #ahie1 this ,station sent out buds which they had been led to believe were the ,lutovka and which they later found to be ,brusseler ,braune4 ,the following description is compiled3 ,tree large1 upright1 slightly spreading2 leaves large1 ovate1 leathery1 produced from short spurs along the main branches4 ,fruit ripens the forepart of ,july2 medium to above in size1 roundish-oblate2 suture often a line1 sometimes lacking2 stem short1 stout1 set in a large1 deep cavity2 skin dark1 clear red1 thin1 tough1 translucent2 flesh colorless1 meaty1 juicy1 slightly acid2 quality good2 pit large1 roundish1 free4 ,,lyons ,prunus avium ,bigarreau de ,lyon4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #af3ceh4 #ahej4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fa1 #fb fig4 #ahed4 ,bigarreau ,jaboulay4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #gd4 #ahff4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ajj fig4 #bj1 #aja4 #ahff4 #e4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3ag1 #ah1 fig4 #g4 #ahff-gc4 #f4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #af1 ,pl4 #af4 #ahga4 #g4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bac fig41 #bad4 #ahgg4 #h4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #aag4 #ahgh4 ,early ,lyons4 #i4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #aic1 fig4 #a4 #ahge4 #aj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bid1 #bie4 #ahhd4 ,early ,jaboulay4 #aa4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bid4 #ahhd4 ,of the one hundred and twenty-five cherries tested on the grounds of this ,station during the past ten years1 ,lyons is one of the best4 ,though grown for nearly a century in ,europe it seems never to have been well tried in ,america probably because it has not been considered particularly valuable in the ,old ,world4 ,from its behavior at this ,station it appears to deserve extensive trial as an extra early market cherry for dessert purposes1 as it is one of the few tender-fleshed cherries that give promise of standing handling for distant markets4 ,though commonly classed as a hard-fleshed ,bigarreau it is really an intermediate between the firm-of-flesh cherries and the soft-fleshed ,hearts4 ,in the tree it is a typical ,bigarreau4 ,besides being one of the earliest of the ,heart-like cherries it is one of the largest1 handsomest and best flavored4 ,unfortunately1 because of an accident1 we cannot show a color-plate of this splendid cherry4 ,on these grounds the tree-characters are about all that could be desired1 though we are making allowance for a slight lack of productiveness in the young tree which is one of the faults commonly attributed to ,lyons by ,european writers2 however1 all agree that the trees become fruitful with age4 ,the blossoms of this variety are conspicuously large and showy1 with pistils unusual in being longer than the stamens4 ,the merits of ,lyons have been so pronounced in the several years we have watched it that we feel quite warranted in recommending it for both home and commercial orchards4 ,about #ahbb1 ,m4 ,jaboulay1 a nurseryman at ,oullins1 near ,lyons1 ,france1 grafted over a number of seedling cherries which had sprung up on his grounds4 ,five years later1 having decided to dig out the trees1 he was attracted by the superb growth made by one of them upon which the graft had not started and ordered the tree to be saved4 ,this tree produced a full crop of exceedingly large and attractive fruit which matured far in advance of other varieties4 ,jaboulay decided to save all the grafts for propagation the succeeding year but found upon going to the tree the following spring that the wood had been stolen4 ,about five years later ,m4 ,rivire1 also a nurseryman at ,oullins1 placed upon the market at ,lyons a very early cherry which he called ,bigarreau ,anglaise but which was recognized as the same as the one found by ,jaboulay4 ,thus have come the several names given in the synonyms4 ,lyons has never been much grown in this country4 ,lewis ,b4 ,eaton of ,buffalo1 ,new ,york1 in importing cherry trees from ,france in #ahda and #ahdb1 found among them one without a label which turned out to be ,bigarreau de ,lyon1 later the ,lyons4 ,trees of this variety were received for testing at this ,station from the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture under the name ,htive de ,lyons4 ,these1 as grown here1 have proved identical in both tree and fruit characters with the many descriptions of ,bigarreau ,jaboulay1 or ,bigarreau de ,lyon4 ,tree vigorous1 a rapid grower1 upright-spreading2 branches straggling1 reddish-brown2 branchlets thick1 long1 with long internodes1 grayish-brown1 with numerous rather large1 conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 variable in size1 averaging five and one-half inches long1 two and one-half inches wide1 folded upward1 long-elliptical to obovate1 thin2 upper surface dark green1 smooth2 lower surface light green1 with few hairs2 apex distinctly elongated1 base abrupt2 margin coarsely serrate1 with small1 dark glands2 petiole often two inches long1 thickish1 pubescent on the upper surface1 glandless or with from one to six large1 reniform1 reddish glands usually on the stalk4 ,buds large1 long1 conical1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and in small1 scattering clusters2 leaf-scars obscure2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers large1 often one and one-half inches across1 white2 borne in dense clusters1 in twos and threes2 pedicels one inch long1 glabrous1 green with a trace of red2 calyx-tube distinctly reddish1 somewhat obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes strongly tinged with red1 broad1 acute1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals obovate1 entire1 tapering to distinct but short claws2 apex entire or with a shallow1 wide notch2 filaments five-sixteenths of an inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to or longer than the stamens4 ,fruit matures early2 one inch in diameter1 cordate1 compressed2 cavity flaring2 suture shallow1 or a mere line1 often extending around the fruit2 apex roundish or pointed2 color very dark red2 dots numerous1 small1 russet2 stem thick1 one and one-half inches long2 skin thin1 rather tender1 separating from the pulp2 flesh reddish1 with dark colored juice1 meaty1 sprightly1 sweet2 of very good quality2 stone semi-clinging1 large1 ovate1 plump1 with smooth surfaces2 ridged along the ventral suture4 ,,magnifique ,prunus avium ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,belle et ,magnifique4 #b4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bgi1 #bhj4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,ibid4 #bci4 #ahda4 ,belle ,magnifique4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aic4 #ahde4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #aheb4 #f4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aia4 #ahed4 #g4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bgb4 #aheg4 #h4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #hb fig41 #hc4 #aijd4 ,belle de ,magnifique4 #i4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #a3fa1 fig4 #a4 #ahec4 #aj4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #ai1 ,pl4 #ai4 #ahga4 ,belle de ,chatenay4 #aa4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #agi fig41 #ahj4 #ahfj4 #ab4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3age-agh1 fig4 #dh4 #ahff4 #ab4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3eg1 #eh1 fig4 #bg4 #ahff-gc4 #ac4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccd1 #cdc4 #ahhi4 #ad4 ,guide ,prat4 #i1 #aha4 #ahie4 ,this good1 old cherry has never been considered a commercial fruit in the ,united ,states2 yet it is1 and has been1 surprisingly popular with nurserymen1 most of whom for nearly a century have offered it for sale4 ,a generation ago1 when ,american fruit-growing was in the hands of connoisseurs1 ,magnifique was more popular than now4 ,it has failed as a commercial cherry because the crop ripens very unevenly1 there being sometimes green and fully ripe cherries on the tree at the same time1 though the season is usually given as very late4 ,this is one of the lightest in color of the hybrid ,dukes1 the ,sour ,cherry parent very evidently having been an ,amarelle--a conclusion to which both fruit and tree point4 ,the quality is usually counted as very good though it is too acid to be a first-rate dessert cherry for some4 ,the trees are very vigorous and usually are fruitful4 ,magnifique has been grown so long that its place in the orchard would seem to have been fixed by experience2 yet it might be made more than a cherry for the home orchard if some commercial grower would plant it in a shaded place and a cool soil and thereby retard ripening time until other cherries were gone4 ,this valuable cherry was brought to notice in #agie by ,chatenay1 surnamed ,magnifique1 a nurseryman near ,paris4 ,it seems1 at first1 to have been quite commonly called ,belle de ,chatenay but ,belle de ,magnifique became the commoner appellation ending in ,america at least with the universal name ,belle ,magnifique4 ,the variety was introduced into ,america from ,france sometime before #ahcj1 by ,general ,h4 ,a4 ,s4 ,dearborn1 ,boston1 ,massachusetts1 ,president of the ,massachusetts ,horticultural ,society4 ,the cherry is typically a ,duke sort and is so listed by most writers1 though ,downing in #ahde placed it with the ,morello cherries4 ,magnifique was placed upon the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #aheb where it has since remained4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 dense1 productive2 trunk and branches stocky1 brown overlaid with dark gray2 branchlets with many1 small conspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 three and one-half inches long1 two inches wide1 obovate to oval1 thickish2 upper surface dark green1 slightly rugose2 lower surface finely pubescent2 apex abruptly pointed1 base variable in shape2 margin finely serrate1 with small1 dark glands2 petiole one inch long1 tinged with dull red1 grooved on the upper surface and with a few hairs1 glandless or with one or two small1 reniform1 greenish glands usually at the base of the leaf4 ,buds obtuse or conical1 plump1 free1 arranged as lateral buds or in rather dense clusters on short spurs2 leaf-scars obscure2 season of bloom late2 flowers white1 one inch across1 wide open2 borne in dense clusters on short spurs1 usually in threes or fours2 pedicels one inch long1 slender1 glabrous1 light green2 calyx-tube greenish1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes broadly and shallowly dentate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals obovate1 entire1 with very short claws1 indented at the apex2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures late2 nearly one inch in diameter1 cordate2 cavity rather deep2 suture very shallow2 color pale red changing to bright red2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 conspicuous2 stem one and one-fourth inches long2 skin thick1 tough1 adherent to the pulp2 flesh whitish1 with abundant colorless juice1 fine-grained1 meaty but tender1 pleasantly tart1 sprightly2 very good in quality2 stone free1 small1 oval1 plump1 slightly pointed1 with smooth surfaces2 slightly notched near the base of the ventral suture4 ,,may ,,duke ,prunus avium ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,bradley ,gard4 #baa4 #agci4 #b4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aid4 #agfh4 #c4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acc1 #acd4 #ahcb4 #d4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #eg4 #ahdc4 #e4 ,cultivator ,n4 ,s4 #b3cai fig4 #ic4 #ahde4 #f4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aia1 #aib fig4 #ha4 #ahde4 #g4 ,bridgeman ,gard4 ,ass't ,pt4 #c3 #ec1 #ed4 #ahdg4 #h4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #eb4 #ahdh4 #i4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baa4 #ahed4 #aj4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3edb1 #edc4 #ahee4 #aa4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3acc1 #acd1 fig4 #fe4 #ahff-gc4 #ab4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cje1 #cjf4 #ahhd4 #ac4 ,guide ,prat4 #h1 #aie1 #aif4 #ahie4 ,duke ,cherry4 #ad4 ,ray ,hist4 ,plant4 #b3aedj4 #afhh4 ,may ,cherry4 #ae4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 #a3aged4 #af4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ach-adj1 fig4 #cc4 #ahff4 ,rothe ,maikirsche4 #ag4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffi4 #agig4 #ah4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhb4 #ahjb4 #ai4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cgg-chi4 #ahai4 #bj4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #aea fig41 #aeb4 #ahfj4 #ba4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3ace1 #acf1 fig4 #ff4 #ahff-gc4 #bb4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,iii3 ,no4 #af1 ,pl4 #ahhb4 #bc4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgd4 #ahhi4 ,royale ,htive4 #bd4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,nos4 #bc1 #bd1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #be4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #d1 ,pl4 #d4 #ahga4 #bf4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3chi fig41 #cij1 #cia4 #ahgg4 ,royale ,cherry ,duke4 #bg4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3abg1 #abh1 fig4 #fd4 #ahhb4 ,esel ,kirsche4 #bh4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bb4 #ahib-ic4 ,anglaise ,htive4 #bi4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #gh fig41 #gi4 #aijd4 ,may ,duke is one of the oldest and1 the world over1 one of the most popular cherries4 ,there are several reasons why it has attained and holds its popularity4 ,it is finely flavored1 especially when prepared for the table1 and even before ripe2 it is also delicious to eat out of hand if the cherries are dead ripe1 when it is one of the best of the subacid cherries2 while one of the earliest of its class1 it may be left to hang for a month or six weeks1 becoming daily sweeter and more aromatic2 few or no cherries thrive in greater variations of soil and climates1 this fact accounting in greatest measure for its world-wide distribution in temperate regions2 despite its tender flesh1 it ships well though it is grown only for local markets since its long period of ripening makes necessary several pickings--a fatal defect for a canning cherry or one for the general trade2 lastly1 the trees are as fruitful as any1 and are hardy1 vigorous and healthy4 ,the fruit is remarkably well distributed in dense clusters on trees characteristically upright and vasiform and bearing a heavy canopy of dark green1 luxuriant foliage4 ,may ,duke fills a particular place in the cherry orchard as a fruit for the local market and hundreds of new-comers have not been able to supplant it4 ,the fact that it has lost none of its pristine vigor1 health and productiveness in the two hundred and more years it has been known contradicts the idea that varieties of fruit degenerate or wear out with age4 ,when we pass in review all of the varieties of cherries1 all characters and purposes considered1 ,may ,duke remains one of the best4 ,this variety seems to have been first mentioned by ,ray in #afhh4 ,may ,duke is supposed by some ,english writers to have originated in a district in ,france known as ,mdoc and the name to have been derived from the place4 ,when this cherry first received attention1 the old style of reckoning time was in vogue and the #aath of ,june was the last day of ,may4 ,it may1 therefore1 be presumed that the variety derived its name from its season of ripening rather than from a corruption of ,mdoc4 ,a few years ago ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd of ,iowa imported from ,russia several cherries among which was one called ,esel ,kirsche4 ,later this cherry was distributed by the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture4 ,as grown on the grounds of this ,station1 ,esel ,kirsche has proved to be ,may ,duke4 ,in ,ohio the two could not be distinguished and with this evidence we have listed ,esel ,kirsche as a synonym of ,may ,duke4 ,in #ahcb1 ,william ,prince mentioned ,may ,duke as being among the first of the cherries introduced to ,america from ,europe4 ,from the references to this variety in the horticultural literature and in the nursery catalogs throughout the ,united ,states we may say that it is one of the most widely distributed and best-known cherries in the country4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society placed ,may ,duke on its fruit catalog list in #ahdh4 ,illustration3 ,,may ,,duke ,tree large1 upright becoming somewhat vasiform and spreading with age1 open-topped1 very productive2 trunk of medium thickness1 somewhat shaggy2 branches smooth or roughish1 reddish-brown partly covered with ash-gray1 with numerous lenticels variable in size2 branchlets short1 brown partly covered with light gray1 smooth1 with small1 inconspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 three and one-half inches long1 two inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate2 upper surface very dark green1 rugose2 lower surface thinly pubescent2 apex abruptly pointed1 base acute2 margin finely serrate1 with small1 dark glands2 petiole one inch long1 slender1 tinged with red1 grooved1 glandless or with one or two small1 globose1 brownish glands1 usually at the base of the blade4 ,buds obtuse1 plump1 free1 in large clusters on short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in dense clusters1 in twos and threes2 pedicels one inch long1 slender1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube with a tinge of red1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes with a trace of red1 rather long1 narrow1 acuminate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals broad-oval1 entire1 nearly sessile2 apex crenate2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures early1 although variable in habit2 three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 cordate to conical1 compressed2 cavity abrupt1 regular2 suture indistinct2 apex roundish1 with a small depression at the center2 color light changing to dark red at full maturity2 dots numerous1 russet1 obscure2 stem slender1 one and one-half inches long1 adhering strongly to the fruit2 skin thin1 tender1 separating from the pulp2 flesh medium to dark red1 with pinkish juice1 tender and melting1 sprightly subacid1 pleasant flavored2 of very good quality2 stone nearly free1 small1 roundish to elliptical1 with smooth surfaces2 slightly ridged along the ventral suture4 ,,mercer ,prunus avium #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #bfb1 ,pl4 #e4 #ahib4 #b4 ,am4 ,gard4 #ad3ci fig4 #ahic4 #c4 ,can4 ,hort4 #ag3cbb fig4 #fic4 #ahid4 #d4 ,black ,son ,cat4 #bb fig4 #aiji4 ,this comparatively new ,bigarreau is on probation in many parts of the ,state and country1 otherwise we should not give it prominence in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york1 as the variety is all but worthless as it grows on the grounds of this ,station4 ,the trees are not sufficiently fruitful1 the cherries are too small1 the flavor in none too good and the fruit is not at all resistant to brown-rot--four fatal defects for a commercial cherry4 ,this variety is reported to have sprung from a pit of a ,mazzard tree and was introduced several years ago by ,black ,son of ,hightstown1 ,new ,jersey4 ,the name1 ,mercer1 after the county in ,new ,jersey from which it was introduced1 was given the cherry by ,h4 ,e4 ,van ,deman1 then ,united ,states ,pomologist4 ,tree vigorous1 healthy1 not always productive2 branches long1 grayish-brown1 smooth1 with a few small1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 four and one-half inches long1 two and one-fourth inches wide1 folded upward1 long-oval1 leathery2 upper surface dark green1 smooth2 lower surface light green1 pubescent1 grooved along the midrib2 apex taper-pointed1 base abrupt2 margin coarsely and doubly serrate1 glandular2 petiole one and one-half inches long1 tinged with dull red1 thick1 with from two to five very large1 reniform1 reddish glands1 variable in position4 ,buds of medium size and length1 conical1 plump1 free2 leaf-scars rather prominent2 season of bloom early2 flowers one and one-fourth inches across1 in scattering clusters in twos and threes2 pedicels three-fourths inch long1 glabrous2 calyx-tube green or faintly tinged red1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes greenish streaked with red along the edges1 long1 obtuse1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals broad-oval1 entire1 slightly indented at the apex1 tapering to short1 blunt claws2 filaments one-half inch long1 shorter than the petals2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 small1 cordate to blunt-conic1 compressed2 cavity shallow1 narrow1 abrupt2 suture an indistinct line2 apex flattened or depressed2 color black2 dots small1 numerous1 obscure2 stem slender1 one and one-fourth inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin thin1 rather tender2 flesh reddish1 with dark colored juice1 tender1 meaty1 crisp1 aromatic1 mild flavored1 sweet2 fair to good in quality2 stone free or semi-clinging1 variable in size1 ovate1 flattened1 blunt-pointed1 with smooth surfaces1 tinged with red4 ,,mezel ,prunus avium #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,bigarreau ,monstrueux4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #df4 #ahca4 ,bigarreau of ,mezel4 #c4 ,horticulturist #a3dge fig41 #dgf4 #ahdf-dg4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ajg fig41 #ajh4 #ahff4 #e4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ded4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bah fig41 #bai4 #ahgg4 ,great ,bigarreau4 #g4 ,horticulturist #f3bj fig41 #ba4 #ahea4 #h4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bec4 #aheg4 ,monstreuse de ,mezel4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,schwarze ,knorpel von ,mezel4 #aj4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgg4 #ahhi4 ,mezel seems to have made a stir in pomological circles in the middle of the ,nineteenth ,century by reason of the great size and beautiful appearance of the cherries4 ,though on the recommended list of the ,american ,pomological ,society and frequently spoken of in the pomological works of the day and offered by some nurserymen1 we have not been able to find many trees of this variety now growing in ,new ,york4 ,we glean from the literature that ,mezel pleased the eye more than the palate and that the trees1 while vigorous and healthy1 were not productive4 ,at any rate after a decade or two of much advertising and what would seem to have been a very thorough trial1 ,mezel failed to receive very general approbation from cherry-growers and has now almost passed from cultivation4 ,contrary to the general behavior of the variety in ,new ,york1 the tree and fruit from which the accompanying description was made have so many merits that one can well wish that the variety will not wholly pass out of cultivation4 ,this variety was found at ,mezel1 ,puy-de-,dme1 ,france1 by ,m4 ,ligier sometime prior to #ahdf when it was brought to notice4 ,even so1 it had grown in a vineyard at that place for thirty years and was only made public after an excursion of several members of a horticultural society to the vineyard4 ,it was immediately heralded as a coming variety and grafts were distributed4 ,great ,bigarreau1 which made its appearance a few years later1 is here included as a synonym though many writers list it as a distinct sort4 ,bigarreau ,monstrueux1 first listed in the ,london ,horticultural ,society catalog for #ahca1 is held by many pomologists to be identical with ,mezel which1 if true1 casts some doubt on the generally accepted history of the variety4 ,mezel appeared on the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahfb but was discarded in #ahfi2 it was replaced in #ahhc and is still on the list though it is scarcely known in any part of the ,united ,states4 ,illustration3 ,,mezel ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 hardy1 variable in productiveness2 trunk stocky1 nearly smooth2 branches thick1 smooth1 reddish-brown partly overspread with dark ash-gray1 with lenticels medium in number and size2 branchlets of average thickness1 variable in length1 with internodes of medium length1 brown partly covered with ash-gray1 smooth1 glabrous1 with small1 inconspicuous1 raised lenticels medium in number4 ,leaves numerous1 five inches long1 often two and one-half inches wide1 long-oval1 thin2 upper surface dark green1 strongly rugose giving a crumpled appearance2 lower surface dull1 light green1 with slight pubescence2 apex varies from abrupt to taper-pointed1 base abrupt2 margin glandular1 coarsely serrate2 petiole long1 averaging one and one-half inches1 slender1 tinged with red1 with from one to four reniform glands of medium size on the petiole4 ,buds intermediate in size and length1 plump1 pointed1 arranged singly as lateral buds or in clusters of various sizes on both long and short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers one and seven-sixteenths inches across1 well distributed in scattering clusters in twos and threes2 pedicels one and one-eighth inches long1 medium in thickness1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube with a slight tinge of red1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes long1 medium in width1 acute1 slightly serrate1 glabrous within and without2 petals somewhat obovate1 crenate1 nearly sessile1 with a very shallow notch at the apex2 anthers yellow2 filaments shorter than the petals2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens1 often defective4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 large1 seven-eighths inch long1 thirteen-sixteenths inch wide1 cordate1 compressed1 the surface markedly irregular and broken into ridges2 cavity very deep1 wide1 irregular1 abrupt2 suture variable1 shallow to very deep and wide and at times double2 apex blunt-pointed1 usually not depressed2 color attractive purplish-black2 dots numerous1 very small1 somewhat russet1 obscure2 stem medium in thickness1 long1 averaging two and one-eighth inches1 adheres well to the fruit2 skin medium in thickness1 rather tender but not inclined to crack1 adheres slightly to the pulp2 flesh purplish-red1 with abundant dark red juice1 tender1 meaty1 mild1 very pleasant1 sweet2 very good to best in quality2 stone clinging1 large1 strongly ovate1 with slightly roughish surface4 ,,montmorency ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aha1 #ahb4 #agfh4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3f1 ,tab4 #ae fig4 #a4 #agib4 #c4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bib4 #ahjb4 #d4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fef1 #feg1 #fia4 #ahai4 #e4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bha4 #ahcb4 #f4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #ad1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3ec1 #ed1 fig4 #be4 #ahff-gc4 #h4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #c1 ,pl4 #c4 #ahga4 #i4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cfa1 #cfb fig41 #cfc1 #cfd4 #ahgg4 #aj4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfi4 #ahhi4 #aa4 ,guide ,prat4 #i1 #aif4 #ahie4 #ab4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aab fig4 #d1 #aac1 #aad4 #aijj4 #ac4 ,am4 ,gard4 #bb3bff1 #bfg4 #aija4 #ad4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,kleine ,glaskirsche von ,montmorency4 #ae4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dfc1 #dfd1 #dfe4 #ahai4 ,long ,stem ,montmorency4 #af4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aci4 #ahcb4 ,amarelle ,royale4 #ag4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aia-aie1 fig4 #ec4 #ahff4 ,montmorency ,ordinaire4 #ah4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ag4 #ahig4 #ai4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3ge1 fig4 #ae4 #aijc4 #bj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #cc1 #cd1 ,pl4 #b4 #aijd-je4 ,montmorency is the most popular ,sour ,cherry grown in ,america4 ,no one questions its supremacy4 ,probably half of the cherry trees in ,new ,york1 ,sweet or ,sour1 are ,montmorencies and at least three-fourths of all the trees of the ,sour ,cherry are of this variety4 ,it leads in the demands for this fruit in the markets1 for the cannery and for home use as a culinary cherry4 ,several characters give it first place4 ,it is surpassed by no other ,sour ,cherry1 in ,new ,york at least1 in vigor1 health and productiveness of tree4 ,in the last character1 in particular1 it is supreme4 ,year in and year out1 ,montmorency trees are fruitful4 ,possibly1 too1 no other ,sour ,cherry is adapted to a greater diversity of soils than ,montmorency1 which1 with capacity to stand heat and cold1 makes the variety suitable to wide variations in environment4 ,the cherries are in no way remarkable--not much above the average for an ,amarelle in size1 appearance or quality1 in all of these characters being much inferior to ,large ,montmorency4 ,the fruit has the advantage of being presentable in appearance and fit for culinary purposes several days before it is fully ripe and this adds to the value of the variety for the market4 ,brown-rot takes less toll from this cherry than of others of its kind probably because of relatively firm flesh and thick skin4 ,these characters1 also1 make the fruit stand handling well in harvesting1 shipping and on the markets4 ,the preserved product1 whether canned at home or commercially1 is attractive in appearance and very good4 ,montmorency is not a dessert cherry but for those who like ,sour ,cherries it may be eaten out of hand with relish when it is fully matured4 ,some maintain that the variety falls short in the size of the tree1 which is seldom more than medium1 but the head is spreading and much-branched and the fruit is borne in clusters thickly scattered throughout the whole head so that the total yield from a tree is greater than would be thought from its size4 ,for any and all purposes to which ,sour ,cherries are put ,montmorency may be recommended as the best in its season4 ,unfortunately several quite distinct cherries bear the name ,montmorency and it has been most difficult to separate them in pomological literature4 ,to make matters worse1 all of them have been much confused with other varieties1 ,early ,richmond in particular4 ,the different ,montmorencies and ,early ,richmond originated in the ,montmorency ,valley1 ,france1 several centuries ago1 at least before the ,seventeenth ,century1 probably as seedlings of ,cerise ,htive or of ,cerise ,commune4 ,these ,montmorency cherries differ from each other principally in their stems and fruit1 one having long stems and moderate-sized1 regular fruit2 one shorter stems and larger fruit2 and the third1 very short1 thick stems and oblate1 irregular fruit showing a distinct suture4 ,the first cherry has been generally known1 particularly among the ,french1 as ,montmorency ,longue ,queue or sometimes ,cerise de ,montmorency4 ,this is the ,montmorency of this sketch4 ,duhamel1 in #agfh1 was the first writer to mention this cherry directly and according to his statement it was then esteemed around ,paris1 being superior in productiveness to the ,large ,montmorency4 ,montmorency early found its way into ,england1 where it soon became confused with its probable parent1 the ,french ,cerise ,htive or the ,english ,kentish4 ,in a short time it had replaced ,kentish in many nurseries and came to be called ,kentish in much of the literature of the time4 ,just when ,montmorency was introduced to this country is not known but it has been cultivated here under various names for many years4 ,william ,prince spoke of it in #ahcb as the ,long ,stem ,montmorency and it has long and commonly been known here as ,montmorency ,ordinaire4 ,montmorency is to be found in nearly every nursery in the ,united ,states under various names1 some nurserymen using the ,french name1 others the ,english1 while still others are selling the variety as ,large ,montmorency4 ,many supposed strains have been given new names but it is doubtful if any distinct strains of this cherry exist4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added ,montmorency to its fruit catalog list in #ahig using the qualifying term ,ordinaire which was dropped in #aiji4 ,illustration3 ,,montmorency ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 with the lower branches inclined to droop1 round-topped1 productive2 trunk and branches smooth2 branches reddish-brown tinged with light ash-gray1 with a few lenticels of medium size2 branchlets slender1 reddish-brown partly overspread with ash-gray1 smooth1 with a few small1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves three inches long1 one and one-half inches wide1 folded upwards or flattened1 oval to obovate1 leathery2 upper surface dark green1 smooth2 lower surface pale green1 with a few scattering hairs2 apex and base variable in shape2 margin doubly crenate1 glandular2 petiole one inch long1 tinged with dull red1 glandless or with from one to three small1 globose1 brownish or yellowish glands1 usually at the base of the blade4 ,buds obtuse1 plump1 free1 arranged singly or in clusters on short spurs2 leaf-scars obscure2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in scattered clusters in twos and threes2 pedicels one inch long1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube green1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes tinged with red1 broad1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish to obovate1 crenate1 with short1 blunt claws and shallow1 crenate apex2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to or slightly longer than the stamens4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 roundish-oblate1 slightly compressed2 cavity abrupt2 suture very shallow2 apex roundish2 color light to rather dark red2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 inconspicuous2 stem thick1 usually with a faint tinge of red1 one inch long1 adhering well to the fruit2 skin thin1 tender1 separating from the pulp2 flesh pale yellow1 with a reddish tinge1 with abundant light pink juice1 tender and melting1 sprightly1 tart2 of very good quality2 stone free1 small1 roundish-ovate1 flattened1 pointed1 with smooth surfaces which are tinged with red4 ,,napoleon ,prunus avium #a4 ,prince ,treat4 ,hort4 #cj4 #ahbh4 #b4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bgc1 #bgd4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahc4 #ahde4 #d4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cfe4 #ahdi4 #e4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #a3bg1 #bh1 fig4 #b4 #ahec4 #f4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bae4 #ahei4 #g4 ,thompson ,gard4 ,ass't #ebg4 #ahei4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #i4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3acb4 #ahff4 #aj4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dgj4 #ahfi4 #aa4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #i1 ,pl4 #i4 #ahga4 #ab4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bai1 #bbj fig41 #bba4 #ahgg4 #ac4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #eg1 ,pl4 #dfe4 #ahgh4 #ad4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aji1 #aaj1 fig4 #ee4 #ahhb4 #ae4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #ih3dic1 fig4 #hg4 #ahie4 #af4 ,ont4 ,fr4 ,gr4 ,assoc4 ,rpt4 #e3ch fig4 #ahih4 ,gros ,bigarreau ,blanc4 #ag4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afe4 #agfh4 #ah4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cjh-caj4 #ahai4 #ai4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3abc-abf1 fig4 #bi4 #ahff4 #bj4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3agi1 #ahj fig41 #aha4 #ahgg4 #ba4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ced4 #ahhi4 ,lauermannskirsche4 #bb4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffd4 #agig4 #bc4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhj4 #ahjb4 #bd4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bib-bie1 #cbc-cbh4 #ahai4 #be4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfg4 #ahhi4 ,lange ,marmorkirsche4 #bf4 ,christ ,handb4 #fee4 #agig4 #bg4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ccj-ccc4 #ahai4 ,hollndische ,grosse ,prinzessinkirsche4 #bh4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bha4 #ahjb4 #bi4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bie-bii4 #ahai4 #cj4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #abe fig41 #abf4 #ahfj4 #ca4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aag1 #aah1 fig4 #ei4 #ahhb4 #cb4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ceg4 #ahhi4 ,harrison's ,heart4 #cc4 ,forsyth ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees #db4 #ahjc4 #cd4 ,brookshaw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #a3fi1 #gj1 ,pl4 #cd fig4 #b4 #ahbc4 #ce4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3ade1 #adf1 fig4 #ga4 #ahff-gc4 #cf4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfb4 #ahhi4 ,grosse ,weisse ,marmorkirsche4 #cg4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #caf1 #cag1 #fhb4 #ahai4 ,holland ,bigarreau4 #ch4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aha fig41 #ahb4 #ahde4 ,bigarreau d',esperen4 #ci4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aai1 #abj fig41 #aba4 #ahff4 #dj4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfc4 #ahfi4 #da4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3aa1 #ab1 fig4 #d4 #ahff-gc4 #db4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3aih fig41 #aii4 #ahgg4 #dc4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdg4 #ahhi4 #dd4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #cba1 #cbb4 #aiab4 ,bigarreau ,gros ,coeuret4 #de4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3abf-abi1 fig4 #cj4 #ahff4 #df4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #bc1 ,pl4 #bc4 #ahga4 #dg4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bjh1 #bji fig41 #baj4 #ahgg4 ,royal ,ann4 #dh4 ,cal4 ,bd4 ,hort4 ,rpt4 #ei1 ,pl4 #ah4 #ahic-id4 #di4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aib4 #aijg4 #ej4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3ca1 fig4 #h4 #aiaj4 ,napoleon is the leading firm-fleshed ,sweet ,cherry4 ,it takes its place by virtue of the large size1 handsome appearance and high quality of the fruit and the phenomenal productiveness of the trees4 ,the accompanying plate shows well the large size and beautiful color of the cherries--unsurpassed in either character by any other ,bigarreau and possibly by any other cherry4 ,the flavor is rich and sweet which1 with the abundant juice and firm1 crackling flesh1 makes this a most delicious and refreshing cherry for dessert and1 with the great size and attractive color1 gives it preference over all other ,sweet ,cherries for culinary purposes4 ,in particular1 cherry-canners find that ,napoleon makes a finely finished product4 ,the cherries carry well and keep long and are1 therefore1 well thought of by fruit-dealers4 ,besides being very productive1 the trees come in bearing early and are as vigorous1 hardy and healthy as those of any other ,sweet ,cherry4 ,they may usually be known by their upright growth and large1 sturdy limbs4 ,napoleon1 however1 is not without its faults4 ,the cherries crack badly in wet weather and the variety can be grown with certainty only in the dry summer climate of the ,pacific ,coast1 where1 especially in ,oregon and ,washington1 it reaches truly wonderful perfection4 ,in the ,east1 too1 ,napoleon is more susceptible to brown-rot than several of its rivals4 ,possibly the greatest fault1 however1 is in the tree1 which is very fastidious as to soils1 thriving only in choice cherry land and in a congenial cherry climate4 ,despite these rather serious faults1 cherry-growers agree that ,napoleon takes first place among ,sweet ,cherries for both home and commercial plantings4 ,napoleon is of unknown origin4 ,early in the ,eighteenth ,century it was grown by the ,germans1 ,french1 ,dutch and ,english1 proof that it is a very old variety4 ,leroy believes that it was described by ,merlet in #affg but under another name4 ,the great number of synonyms in several languages gives some idea of the countries in which the variety has been grown as well as the esteem in which it has been held4 ,there are several accounts as to when the cherry was given the name ,napoleon4 ,probably the best authenticated is that in which it is held that ,parmentier1 a ,belgian1 gave the cherry the name of the famous emperor in #ahbj4 ,when the variety was taken to ,england1 where at that time ,napoleon was not in good repute1 the name of his conqueror1 ,wellington1 was substituted but seems to have been little used4 ,as if not content with the score or more of ,european names1 cherry-growers in ,america have added at least two more4 ,in many parts of the country it is locally called the ,ox ,heart4 ,on the ,pacific ,coast it is grown and sold by nurserymen and fruit-growers alike as ,royal ,ann1 a name given it by its introducer1 ,seth ,lewelling1 of ,milwaukee1 ,oregon1 who lost the label bearing the old name in taking it across the ,continent in early days and gave it a new name4 ,with incomprehensible persistency ,western horticulturists maintain this synonym to the confusion of horticultural nomenclature4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society placed ,napoleon on its fruit list in #ahfb1 it having been grown in ,america for at least #dj years before receiving this honor4 ,illustration3 ,,napoleon ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 open-topped1 very productive2 trunk thick1 shaggy2 branches thick1 roughened by the lenticels1 dull brown overlaid with ash-gray1 with numerous large1 raised lenticels2 branchlets thick1 long1 light brown overspread with gray1 smooth1 with a few inconspicuous1 small lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 five and three-fourths inches long1 two and one-half inches wide1 folded upward1 elliptical to obovate2 upper surface dark green1 rugose2 lower surface light green1 somewhat pubescent2 apex acute1 base variable in shape2 margin doubly serrate1 with small1 dark glands2 petiole one and one-fourth inches long1 thick1 tinged with dull red1 hairy along the upper surface1 with from one to three large1 reniform1 reddish-orange glands1 usually on the stalk4 ,buds variable in size1 conical1 free1 arranged singly or in thin clusters from lateral buds and from spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers white1 one and one-half inches across2 borne in scattering clusters in ones or in twos2 pedicels variable in length1 averaging one inch long1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube green1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes tinged with red1 long1 rather narrow1 acuminate1 serrate1 reflexed2 petals oval1 entire1 dentate at the apex1 with short1 narrow claws2 filaments one-half inch long2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens1 often defective4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 over one inch in diameter1 conical to long-cordate1 compressed2 cavity deep1 wide1 flaring2 suture a distinct line2 apex much pointed2 color1 varying shades of bright red over a yellowish background1 distinctly mottled2 dots obscure2 stem slender1 more than one inch long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin thin1 rather adherent2 flesh whitish1 with a faint yellow tinge1 with colorless juice1 tender1 meaty1 crisp1 mild1 the flavor improving as the season advances1 sweet2 good to very good in quality2 stone semi-clinging1 small1 ovate1 flattened1 pointed1 with smooth surfaces4 ,,nouvelle ,,royale ,prunus avium ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #gb1 ,pl4 #ahfb4 #b4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #g3bdh4 #ahfe4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #gj1 #hh4 #ahff4 #d4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3adg1 #adh1 fig4 #gb4 #ahff-gc4 #e4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dhd4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ca4 #ahge4 #g4 ,gaucher ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,no4 #hj1 ,tab4 #cc4 #ahid4 #h4 ,guide ,prat4 #i4 #ahie4 ,if this cherry were to be judged by its behavior on the grounds of this ,station1 it would be called one of the best of the hybrid ,dukes4 ,in particular1 it would be commended by its product1 the trees not making as good a showing as the fruit4 ,the cherries are distinguished by their large size1 dark red color1 glossy surface1 good quality1 lateness in maturity and1 even more particularly1 sweetness1 keeping in mind that the variety is a hybrid and not a true ,sweet ,cherry4 ,the shape1 too1 offers a distinguishing character1 the fruits being more oblate than in any other ,duke4 ,the long1 stout stem is still another characteristic4 ,unfortunately the tree1 while satisfactory in all other respects1 is unproductive--a fatal fault in these days of commercial fruit-growing4 ,nouvelle ,royale is not widely known in ,america and may well be given trial by those who want a late ,duke4 ,this variety is supposed from its fruit- and tree-characters to be a hybrid between ,early ,richmond and ,may ,duke but where1 how and when it came to light is not known4 ,downing1 in #ahfi1 mentions the ,nouvelle ,royale as having recently been introduced into this country and it was noted in the ,report of the ,american ,pomological ,society for #ahge but has never received a place upon the ,society's fruit catalog list4 ,illustration3 ,,nouvelle ,,royale ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright1 compact1 moderately productive2 trunk of medium size2 branches upright1 thickish2 branchlets slender1 long1 brown partly covered with ash-gray1 with very numerous conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 three and one-half inches long1 two inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate2 upper surface dark green1 glossy1 rugose2 lower surface light green1 lightly pubescent2 apex abruptly pointed1 base acute2 margin finely and doubly serrate1 glandular2 petiole one and one-fourth inches long1 slender1 tinged with dull red1 grooved and with few hairs along the upper surface1 glandless or with from one to four globose1 greenish-yellow or reddish glands variable in size usually at the base of the blade4 ,buds small1 short1 obtuse1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and on short spurs in clusters variable in size2 leaf-scars obscure2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers white1 one inch across2 borne in dense clusters in threes and fours2 pedicels three-fourths of an inch long1 slender1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube with a tinge of red1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes somewhat reddish1 broad1 acute1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish1 entire1 nearly sessile1 apex entire2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 longer than the stamens4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 nearly one inch in diameter1 oblate1 strongly compressed2 cavity deep1 narrow1 abrupt2 suture shallow2 apex flattened or slightly depressed2 color dark red2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 inconspicuous2 stem one and three-fourths inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin thin1 tender1 separating from the pulp2 flesh pale yellowish or with a tinge of red1 with light pink juice1 slightly stringy1 tender and melting1 pleasantly flavored1 mildly tart2 of very good quality2 stone free1 roundish-oval1 plump1 blunt1 oblique1 with smooth surfaces often tinged with red1 with small ridges radiating from the base4 ,,olivet ,prunus avium ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #ai3ai4 #ahgg4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bj4 #ahha4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afd4 #ahha4 #d4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #ag3aa4 #ahib4 #e4 ,cal4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #caf4 #ahie-ig4 #f4 ,va4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #acc3bg4 #aijb4 #g4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3gf1 #gg4 #aijc4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #bd4 #aijd-je4 #i4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3ba4 #aiaj4 ,olivet is a large1 globular1 deep red1 glossy cherry with a rich1 vinous1 subacid flavor4 ,some writers call ,olivet a ,duke while others place it with the ,morellos4 ,the fruit1 on the grounds of this ,station1 shows many characteristics of the ,morellos while the tree appears to be a ,duke1 suggesting that it is a hybrid between trees of the two groups4 ,the fruit1 eaten out of hand1 would be rated as a very good ,morello or a subacid and somewhat mediocre ,duke1 a fruit hardly good enough for dessert and not as good as some of the sourer cherries for culinary purposes4 ,it is one of the earliest of the ,morello-like cherries and this may give it a place in the cherry flora of the country4 ,the trees are large and vigorous and their much-branched1 round tops would seem to give the maximum amount of bearing surface1 but1 unfortunately1 the cherries do not set abundantly4 ,on the grounds of this ,station the variety is not fruitful1 this being its chief defect4 ,in other parts of the country1 however1 it is reported to be either very productive or moderately so4 ,the descriptions of this cherry as given by ,american experiment stations and nurserymen show plainly that there are several distinct sorts passing under the name ,olivet in this country4 ,olivet1 of comparatively recent origin1 was found at ,olivet1 ,loire1 ,france4 ,american nurserymen introduced this variety sometime previous to #ahgg1 for in that year the ,gardener's ,monthly mentioned the cherry as being a valuable ,duke sort filling an unoccupied place among the list of early cherries in central ,new ,york4 ,olivet was entered on the ,american ,pomological ,society's catalog list of fruits in #ahha where it is still retained4 ,illustration3 ,,olivet ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 round-topped1 unproductive2 trunk thickish1 rather rough2 branches thick1 smooth1 reddish-brown partly overspread with ash-gray1 with numerous small lenticels2 branchlets short1 brown partly overspread with ash-gray1 smooth1 with numerous raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 three and one-half inches long1 one and three-fourths inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate to oval1 thin2 upper surface dark green1 smooth2 lower surface light green1 glossy1 with a few scattering hairs2 apex acute2 margin doubly serrate1 glandular2 petiole one and one-fourth inches long1 greenish1 glandless or with one or two globose1 brownish glands variable in position4 ,buds usually pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and in small clusters on short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers white1 one inch across2 borne in dense clusters1 usually in threes2 pedicels one-half inch long1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube with a tinge of red1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes with a trace of red1 long1 of medium width1 acute1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals oval to slightly obovate1 entire1 nearly sessile2 apex entire2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 nearly one inch in diameter1 roundish to slightly oblate1 somewhat compressed2 cavity abrupt1 regular2 suture a line2 apex roundish1 with a small depression at the center2 color bright red2 dots russet1 obscure2 stem thickish1 one and one-fourth inches long1 adhering well to the fruit2 skin tough1 separating from the pulp2 flesh light red1 with abundant light red or wine-colored juice1 tender and melting1 sprightly1 astringent1 tart2 of fairly good quality2 stone free1 small1 roundish1 slightly flattened1 somewhat pointed at the apex1 with smooth surfaces2 somewhat ridged along the ventral suture4 ,,ostheim ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,christ ,obstbume #aei4 #agia4 #b4 ,christ ,handb4 #fgf4 #agig4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #eab-eag4 #ahai4 #d4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ade4 #ahcb #e4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fj4 #aheh4 #f4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ahg fig41 #ahh4 #ahfj4 #g4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bie1 #bif fig4 #ahgg4 #h4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cga4 #ahhi4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #be4 #ahii4 #aj4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aba1 #abb4 #aijj4 #aa4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3gh fig4 #ah1 #gi4 #aijc4 #ab4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3ad1 #ba1 #bb4 #aiaj4 ,ostheim finds considerable favor in the prairie states of the ,middle ,west but is all but worthless as grown in ,new ,york and other eastern states4 ,it is one of the ,morellos and falls far short of the best of its group1 the cherries being too small and of but mediocre quality4 ,the trees are typical ,morellos1 round-headed1 with slender1 drooping branches and branchlets and very dark green foliage4 ,the fruit is borne toward the ends of short branches which are not well distributed over the main branches1 leaving much bare wood4 ,like all ,morellos the fruit hangs long after maturity and since the ripening season is late the variety may be worth growing because of its lateness2 as it may1 also1 in cold climates because of great hardiness4 ,the trees on their own roots throw up many suckers which are often used in propagation4 ,the variety has the reputation1 too1 of coming true to name from seeds4 ,ostheim is a native of ,spain and not of ,germany as many have supposed4 ,the trees were found in the region of the ,sierra ,morena ,mountains1 ,spain1 and were taken to ,germany by a ,dr4 ,klinghammer after the ,wars of the ,succession1 #agja-agac4 ,the cherry took the name ,ostheim from the ,german town of that name where it was widely grown4 ,the variety1 being easily propagated1 spread throughout ,germany and soon became one of the best-known cherries4 ,later1 the name seems to have come to be a class term for all cherries similar to the original ,ostheim4 ,the names ,ostheim1 ,ostheimer1 ,griotte ,ostheim and ,ostheimer ,weichsel are used interchangeably by foreign writers for this variety4 ,american writers1 however1 have given these names to two very similar but distinct varieties4 ,ostheim was brought to the ,united ,states by ,william ,robert ,prince of the ,linnean ,botanical ,gardens early in the ,nineteenth ,century4 ,it has proved very satisfactory in some sections of the ,west and ,canada1 while in the ,east it is but a mediocre variety at best4 ,at different times either buds or trees of so-called ,ostheims have been imported to this country which have turned out not to be the true variety4 ,what these sorts really are will remain uncertain until the several forms can be brought together and compared4 ,professor ,budd imported a variety in #ahhc1 which since has become known as ,ostheim1 carrying ,griotte d',ostheim as a synonym4 ,whether or not this is the old variety or a distinct strain of the ,ostheim class we are unable to say4 ,the ,cerise d',ostheim received by this ,station has proved identical with this variety4 ,ostheim was first listed by the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahii4 ,a cherry known as ,minnesota ,ostheim1 introduced into ,minnesota from ,germany1 is now recognized as a distinct sort4 ,the variety as it is known in ,kansas and ,missouri is often called the ,german ,ostheimer though some believe this to be different from the true sort4 ,illustration3 ,,ostheim ,tree below medium in size1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 with drooping branchlets1 dense1 very productive2 trunk smooth2 branches rather slender1 smooth1 dark ash-gray partly overspreading reddish-brown1 with small1 raised lenticels2 branchlets slender1 willowy1 long1 brown partly overspread with ash-gray1 smooth1 glabrous1 with small1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves very numerous1 three and one-fourth inches long1 one and one-half inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate to oval2 upper surface very dark green1 smooth2 lower surface pale green1 with a few scattering hairs2 apex taper-pointed1 base variable in shape2 margin finely serrate1 with small1 dark glands2 petiole slender1 one-half inch long1 short1 tinged with dull red1 grooved1 with a few scattering hairs1 with from one to three small1 globose1 greenish-yellow glands at the base of the blade4 ,buds small1 short1 usually obtuse1 plump1 free1 arranged as lateral buds and in small clusters on short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom medium2 flowers one inch across1 white2 borne in scattering clusters1 in twos and threes2 pedicels five-eighths of an inch long1 rather slender1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube green with a faint tinge of red1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes with a trace of red1 rather long1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals obovate1 entire1 nearly sessile1 apex entire2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 nearly equal in length to the stamens4 ,fruit matures very late2 nearly three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 roundish to slightly oblate1 compressed2 cavity very shallow and narrow1 flaring2 suture indistinct2 apex roundish with a small depression at the center2 color very dark red approaching black2 dots numerous1 small1 dark russet1 inconspicuous2 stem slender1 one and one-fourth inches long1 but slightly adherent to the fruit2 skin thin1 tender1 separating readily from the pulp2 flesh dark red1 with much very dark colored juice1 tender and melting1 sprightly1 tart1 losing its astringency when fully ripe2 of fair quality2 stone free1 nearly one-half inch in diameter1 roundish-oblate1 somewhat pointed1 with smooth surfaces slightly stained with red4 ,,ox ,,heart ,prunus avium #a4 ,miller ,gard4 ,kal4 #aed1 #agcd4 #b4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffc4 #agig4 #c4 ,brookshaw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #a3cf1 ,pl4 #ah fig4 #b4 #ahag4 #d4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #bdi4 #ahag4 #e4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #acb-ace4 #ahai4 #f4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agf4 #ahde4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bdd4 #aheh4 #h4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3eg1 #eh1 fig4 #bi4 #ahhb4 #i4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #cfe1 #cff4 #ahhb4 #aj4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cci1 #cga4 #ahhi4 ,bigarreau ,gros ,commun4 #aa4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bjc4 #ahdc4 ,ox ,heart is very commonly used as a class name for the large1 meaty varieties of cherries which are cordate in shape4 ,in ,america the name is most often given to the light-fleshed cherries1 such as ,yellow ,spanish1 ,napoleon or ,white ,bigarreau4 ,at one time1 however1 the name was applied to a distinct variety known throughout ,england1 ,germany and ,america1 being first mentioned by ,miller1 an ,englishman1 in #agcd4 ,coxe1 in #ahag1 was the first ,american writer to list the variety but it never became popular in the ,new ,world4 ,ox ,heart appeared among the fruits rejected by the ,american ,pomological ,society in #aheh and from then on it gradually gave way to better varieties4 ,the synonyms of the true ,ox ,heart are badly confused not only with other dark-fleshed varieties but with those of the ,yellow ,spanish type4 ,as some of these varieties are merely listed while others have but a meager description1 it is impossible to separate or group them with any degree of certainty4 ,in the #aiji catalog of the ,american ,pomological ,society there appears an ,ox ,heart of ,american origin and of recent introduction1 known in the ,west as ,major ,francis4 ,there are also in several nursery catalogs a white-fleshed ,ox ,heart4 ,what this variety is we are unable to say4 ,the following is a description of ,ox ,heart compiled from ,european fruit books3 ,tree medium in vigor1 round-topped1 spherical1 productive2 branches somewhat curved2 internodes of medium length2 leaves obovate1 obtusely pointed1 margin finely serrate2 petiole short1 rather slender1 flexible1 tinged red1 with two reniform glands2 flowers small2 petals irregularly elliptical4 ,fruit matures the last of ,june or early in ,july2 medium to large1 cordate1 pointed1 sides unevenly compressed2 color lively red changing to intense purple or nearly black2 stem of medium length and thickness1 usually tinged red1 inserted in a broad1 deep cavity2 skin tough2 flesh dark red1 with abundant colored juice1 half-tender but firmer than most ,hearts1 sweet though slightly bitter before complete maturity2 quality good2 stone medium in size1 broadly cordate1 adhering to the flesh along the ventral suture4 ,,reine ,,hortense ,prunus avium ,x ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,gen4 ,farmer #aa3aia fig4 #ahej4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ee4 #ahef4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #baa4 #ahef4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ed4 #aheh4 #d4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #afg fig41 #afh4 #ahfj4 #e4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ag1 #bjd4 #ahgf4 #f4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cgi-chb1 fig4 #ahgg4 ,d',aremberg4 #g4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #de4 #ahca4 #h4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bae4 #ahce4 ,hortense4 #i4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aif1 #aig fig4 #ahed4 #aj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,were there not so many good ,duke varieties of its season ,reine ,hortense would take high rank among hybrid cherries4 ,several qualities fit it admirably for home and somewhat for commercial plantations4 ,to begin with1 it is most excellent in quality1 its flavor being a commingling of the refreshing acidity of the ,sour ,cherry and the richness of the ,sweet ,cherry1 though to some there may be a little too much acidity for a first-class dessert fruit4 ,the cherries are also handsome--large1 round1 bright1 glossy red with a shade of amber and very uniform in size1 color and shape4 ,the fruit is especially attractive on the tree as it hangs on long stems in twos and threes thickly scattered and never much clustered4 ,unfortunately the fruit does not stand handling in harvesting and marketing quite as well as that of some other ,dukes and is a little too susceptible to brown-rot for a good commercial cherry4 ,the chief faults of the variety1 however1 are in the trees rather than in the fruit4 ,the trees are but of medium size1 are not as productive as some others of the hybrid sorts1 are at their best only in choice cherry soils and demand good care4 ,in ,europe1 ,reine ,hortense is much used as a dwarf and for training on walls4 ,it would seem that its merits and faults1 as it grows in ,america1 are such as fit it preeminently well only for the amateur4 ,of the several accounts of the origin of ,reine ,hortense the one giving ,france as its home and ,larose as its originator is here accepted as authentic4 ,m4 ,larose of ,neuilly-sur-,seine1 ,seine1 a gardener of the imperial court1 grew the original tree early in the ,nineteenth ,century from a seed of the ,cerise ,larose1 a seedling of his introduction4 ,soon after the first mention of this variety1 about #ahda1 there appeared the ,louis ,,xviii1 ,morestin1 ,guigne de ,petit-,brie and several others4 ,the variety was seemingly rechristened by every nurseryman who got hold of it4 ,at one time the name ,monstreuse de ,bavay was acceptable to many1 it having been given to the variety by a ,mr4 ,bavay of ,vilvorde1 ,brabant1 ,belgium1 about #ahbf4 ,the theory that ,reine ,hortense comes true to seed and therefore has several strains has been discredited4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society recognized ,reine ,hortense in #ahef1 only a few years after being introduced into this country1 by placing it on the recommended fruit list4 ,in #aiji1 the ,society shortened the name from ,reine ,hortense to ,hortense but in this text we prefer to use the full name1 thereby indicating clearly the person for whom the cherry was christened4 ,illustration3 ,,reine ,,hortense ,tree of medium size1 upright-spreading1 productive2 trunk shaggy2 branches smooth1 dark reddish-brown covered with ash-gray1 with a few large lenticels2 branchlets rather slender1 with short internodes1 brown partly overspread with ash-gray1 smooth1 with inconspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 four and one-half inches long1 two and one-half inches wide1 folded upward1 oval to obovate1 thin2 upper surface dark green1 rugose2 lower surface light green1 pubescent along the midrib2 apex taper-pointed1 base abrupt2 margin coarsely serrate1 with dark glands2 petiole one inch long1 tinged with red1 pubescent along the grooved upper surface1 with none or with from one to four small1 globose1 greenish-yellow or brownish glands1 usually at the base of the blade4 ,buds large1 long-pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and in small clusters on few long spurs2 blooms appearing in mid-season2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in dense clusters usually in threes2 pedicels one inch long1 slender1 glabrous2 calyx-tube with a tinge of red1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes long1 acuminate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish1 entire1 sessile1 with entire apex2 filaments one-fourth of an inch long2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 nearly one inch in diameter1 oblong-conic to obtuse-conic1 compressed2 cavity somewhat shallow1 narrow1 abrupt1 often lipped2 suture indistinct2 apex roundish with a small depression at the center2 color amber-red2 dots numerous1 light russet1 conspicuous2 stem tortuous1 slender1 one and one-half inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin tender1 separating from the pulp2 flesh pale yellow1 with colorless juice1 tender and melting1 sprightly subacid2 of very good quality2 stone free1 rather large1 oblong to oval1 flattened1 blunt1 with smooth surfaces4 ,,republican ,prunus avium #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,black ,republican4 #b4 ,cult4 ,count4 ,gent4 #ce3ecd4 #ahgj4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bj4 #ahge4 #d4 ,am4 ,gard4 #i3ceg fig4 #ahhh4 #e4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bhi4 #ahhi4 #f4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3bc1 #be4 #aiaj4 ,lewelling4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #abg4 #ahge4 #h4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #ag3ccf4 #ahge4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 #aj4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3bh1 #bi1 fig4 #g4 #aiaj4 ,for some reason ,republican does not make headway in the favor of cherry-growers though all who have described it speak well of it4 ,judged by the palate1 ,republican is one of the best of the ,bigarreaus4 ,the cherries are rich and sweet in flavor1 firm of flesh and with an abundance of refreshing juice4 ,judged by the eye1 too1 it holds its own with the best of its class1 the fruit having a pleasing rotundness of shape and a beautiful dark red1 almost black1 glossy color4 ,in size the variety very often falls short2 for1 though often given as one of the largest1 it turns out to be1 in many orchards1 but of medium size and sometimes is small4 ,here seems to be its fatal defect4 ,it is exceedingly capricious as to soils1 failing wholly or in part in all but the very choicest cherry environments4 ,the trees are large1 spreading and vigorous but on the grounds of this ,station are more susceptible to the shot-hole fungus than any other ,sweet ,cherry4 ,it has been reported to be very subject to this disease at the ,washington ,station also4 ,the failure of this cherry to meet the demands of commercial cherry-growers during a probationary period of nearly a half a century means that it is1 at most1 of but local value4 ,this variety1 known under two other names1 ,black ,republican and ,lewelling1 originated about the middle of the ,nineteenth ,century in the orchard of ,seth ,lewelling1 ,milwaukee1 ,oregon4 ,in traveling across the continent in #ahdi1 ,mr4 ,lewelling took with him to ,oregon1 ,bigarreau1 ,morello and ,mahaleb cherries and from seeds of one of the ,bigarreaus sprang several seedlings1 among them one which was named ,black ,republican4 ,the parentage of the sort is not known though it was thought to be a cross between ,napoleon and ,black ,tartarian1 having sprung up near these two trees4 ,some cherry-growers and nurserymen describe a cherry which they call ,lewelling but in every case the descriptions agree very closely with ,republican4 ,many list the two names separately as designating two distinct varieties of diverse origin4 ,of these1 some have supposed ,republican to be a seedling of ,eagle originating in #ahfj4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society for many years listed ,black ,republican alone beginning in its catalog of #ahge but in #aiji the catalog contained the two names1 ,republican and ,lewelling4 ,inasmuch as the consensus of opinion is that both names apply to a single cherry this ,station has decided to list ,republican only4 ,illustration3 ,,republican ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 open-topped1 very productive2 trunk thick1 somewhat shaggy2 branches stout1 roughened1 brown covered with ash-gray1 with large1 raised lenticels2 branchlets stout1 with long internodes1 brown nearly overspread with ash-gray1 smooth except near the base1 with a few small1 raised1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 five inches long1 two and five-eighths inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate to oval1 thin2 upper surface dark green1 smooth2 lower surface slightly hairy2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 margin coarsely and doubly serrate1 glandular2 petiole one and one-fourth inches long1 thick1 tinged with dull red1 with two or three large1 reniform1 light green or reddish glands on the stalk4 ,buds pointed or obtuse1 plump1 free1 arranged singly on the branchlets1 or in small clusters on spurs of medium length2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers white1 one and one-half inches across2 borne in scattering clusters in ones and twos2 pedicels variable in length1 averaging one inch long1 characteristically thick1 glabrous2 calyx-tube tinged with red1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes variable in width1 tinged with red1 long-obovate to acute1 finely serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals obovate1 entire1 with short1 blunt claws1 with shallow1 notched apex2 filaments five-sixteenths of an inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length1 often defective4 ,fruit matures late2 about one inch in diameter1 wide1 variable in shape1 cordate or roundish-cordate1 compressed1 with angular and uneven surfaces2 cavity deep1 wide1 flaring2 suture a shallow groove1 often extending around the fruit2 apex with a small depression at the center2 color purplish-black2 dots numerous1 small1 dark russet1 inconspicuous2 stem thick1 one and one-eighth inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin thin2 flesh purplish-red1 with dark colored juice1 tender1 meaty1 crisp1 mild1 sweet or with slight astringency before fully mature2 of good quality2 stone semi-free1 small1 ovate1 flattened1 rather blunt1 with smooth surfaces4 ,,rockport ,prunus avium #a4 ,horticulturist #b3ei fig41 #fj4 #ahdg-dh4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bja1 #bjb fig4 #ahed4 #c4 ,hooper ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #bgj1 #bga4 #aheg4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #e4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aca4 #ahff4 #f4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #cgb4 #ahha4 ,rockport is of very doubtful commercial value and has too many faults to be included with the best sweet sorts for a home orchard4 ,it is more easily characterized by its faults than its merits4 ,compared with the well-known ,yellow ,spanish1 of which it is a seedling and to which it is similar1 the cherries are smaller and the pits are larger than those of the parent variety1--quite too large for the amount of pulp4 ,worst of the faults of the variety is1 however1 that the cherries are not sufficiently firm of flesh to withstand harvesting1 shipping and the attacks of the brown-rot fungus4 ,to offset the defects of the fruit the flesh is rich1 sweet and tender1 making it1 all in all1 as good as any other ,sweet ,cherry for dessert4 ,the trees1 too1 are very satisfactory1 being large1 vigorous and very fruitful1 though with the reputation of requiring good soil and the best of care1 of lacking a little in hardiness to cold1 and of having the period of maturing the crop more or less changed by soil and culture4 ,rockport has been1 and is1 more or less popular in ,new ,york but it can be recommended only for a home orchard4 ,rockport is another of ,professor ,kirtland's introductions1 having been raised by him at ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 about #ahdb1 from a seed of ,yellow ,spanish4 ,it soon won a place1 in #ahfb1 on the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society where it still remains4 ,it is mentioned by several foreign authors and many ,american nurserymen offer it for sale4 ,swedish is given as a synonym of ,rockport by ,hooper4 ,illustration3 ,,rockport ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright1 very productive2 trunk somewhat slender1 roughish2 branches smooth1 reddish-brown1 with numerous small lenticels2 branchlets stout1 variable in length1 with long internodes1 brown almost entirely overspread with ash-gray1 smooth1 with conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 three and one-half inches long1 one and three-fourths inches wide1 folded upward1 long-oval to obovate2 upper surface dark green1 somewhat rugose2 lower surface dull1 light green1 pubescent along the veins2 apex acute to taper-pointed1 base abrupt2 margin coarsely serrate1 glandular2 petiole two inches long1 tinged with red1 with a few hairs on the upper surface1 glandless or with from one to four large1 reniform1 reddish glands variable in position4 ,buds large1 long1 pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly and in clusters from lateral buds and short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in clusters usually in twos2 pedicels one inch long1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube green1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes acute1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish1 entire1 dentate at the apex1 nearly sessile2 filaments nearly one-half inch long2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens1 often defective4 ,fruit matures early2 one inch in diameter1 cordate to conical1 compressed2 cavity shallow1 wide1 flaring1 regular2 suture a distinct line2 apex roundish1 with a small depression at the center2 color bright red over an amber-yellow background1 mottled2 dots very numerous1 small1 light yellowish1 somewhat conspicuous2 stem one and one-half inches long1 adhering well to the fruit2 skin thin1 tender2 flesh pale yellowish-white1 with colorless juice1 tender1 somewhat melting1 aromatic1 mild1 sweet2 good to very good in quality2 stone free1 ovate1 plump1 with smooth surfaces4 ,,royal ,,duke ,prunus avium ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bjd1 #bje4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aib4 #ahde4 #c4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cfi4 #ahdi4 #d4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3edc4 #ahee4 #e4 ,thompson ,gard4 ,ass't #ecj4 #ahei4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ab4 #ahga4 #g4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3abe1 #abf1 fig4 #fc4 #ahhb4 #h4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #caa4 #ahhd4 ,royale d',angleterre4 #i4 ,christ ,obstbume #aei4 #agia4 ,cerise ,royale4 #aj4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhd4 #ahjb4 #aa4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #dj fig4 #aijf4 ,knigskirsche4 #ab4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dbb1 #dbc1 #dbd4 #ahai4 ,ungarische ,sssweichsel4 #ac4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ea4 #aheh4 ,anglaise ,htive44 #ad4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3afa-afc1 fig4 #db4 #ahff4 #ae4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3hc1 #hd1 fig4 #dj4 #ahff-gc4 #af4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #bd1 ,pl4 #bd4 #ahga4 #ag4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag1 #ahj4 #ahie4 ,belle de ,worsery4 #ah4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aha4 #ahff4 #ai4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ci1 #dj1 fig4 #bj4 #ahhb4 ,royal ,duke has a place in the cherry flora to follow in season the well-known ,may ,duke and to precede another standard sort1 ,late ,duke4 ,it is so nearly like these two sorts1 except in season1 and so similar to ,arch ,duke1 as well1 that there is much difficulty in getting the variety true to name4 ,it is more often taken for ,may ,duke than for the other kinds named but it differs from this well-known sort in being a little later in season1 and the cherries are larger1 a little lighter in color1 do not hang as thickly1 being scattered along the branches1 often singly1 and are more oblate4 ,the trees are markedly upright and the foliage is very dense4 ,none of the ,dukes are popular in ,america for market fruits and this is no exception though1 among all1 ,royal ,duke is as good as any--pleasantly flavored1 juicy1 refreshing and very good4 ,the trees1 too1 are very satisfactory4 ,the variety has a place in home orchards and for local markets4 ,the ,french say that the tree makes a very weak growth budded on the ,mahaleb and that it should be worked on the ,mazzard1 which is generally true of all ,dukes4 ,the buyer will have difficulty in getting the true ,royal ,duke in ,america4 ,the origin of this variety is unknown but the ,royale d',angleterre1 mentioned by ,christ in #agia1 was probably the variety now known as ,royal ,duke1 although the description is too meager to be certain4 ,according to ,thompson1 ,royal ,duke was one of the varieties formerly cultivated in ,england under the names ,late ,duke1 ,arch ,duke1 or ,late ,arch ,duke and was probably introduced by the ,london ,horticultural ,society from ,france under the name of ,anglaise ,tardive4 ,when or by whom this variety was introduced into ,america is not known but according to ,downing it was very rarely found here in the first half of the ,nineteenth ,century4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society placed ,royal ,duke upon its catalog list of recommended fruits in #ahga4 ,illustration3 ,,royal ,,duke ,tree of medium size1 vigorous1 upright1 vasiform1 unproductive at this ,station2 trunk slender1 roughish2 branches stocky1 with roughened surface1 dark reddish-brown covered with ash-gray1 with lenticels of medium number and size2 branchlets stout1 long1 brown partly overspread with ash-gray1 smooth except for the lenticels which are inconspicuous4 ,leaves numerous1 variable in size1 averaging four and one-half inches long1 two inches wide1 folded upward1 oval to obovate2 upper surface dark green1 slightly rugose2 lower surface medium green1 pubescent along the midrib2 apex abruptly pointed1 base acute2 margin serrate or crenate2 petiole variable in length1 often one and one-half inches long1 not uniform in thickness1 tinged with red1 glandless or with one or two small1 reniform1 greenish-yellow or reddish glands1 usually at the base of the blade4 ,buds rather small1 pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and in very dense clusters on numerous short spurs2 leaf-scars obscure2 time of bloom mid-season2 flowers white1 one inch across2 borne in very dense clusters1 closely grouped in fours and fives2 pedicels over one-half inch long1 glabrous1 green2 calyx-tube green or with a tinge of red1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes with a trace of red1 acute1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish1 entire1 sessile1 apex entire2 filaments nearly one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 longer than the stamens4 ,fruit matures early2 three-fourths inch in diameter1 oblate1 compressed2 cavity rather narrow1 abrupt1 regular2 suture a mere line2 apex flattened or depressed2 color bright red becoming darker at maturity2 dots few1 small1 obscure2 stem one and one-half inches long1 adhering to the fruit2 skin thin1 rather tough1 separating from the pulp2 flesh pale yellowish-white with tinge of red1 pinkish juice1 tender1 sprightly1 pleasantly acid2 good to very good in quality2 stone semi-free1 small1 ovate1 slightly flattened1 with smooth surfaces4 ,,schmidt ,prunus avium #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ch4 #aheh4 #b4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #cg fig41 #ch4 #ahfg4 #c4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #bc3afi fig4 #ahgb4 #d4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #aba1 fig4 #b4 #ahgd4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ag4 #ahig4 #f4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bij4 #aijc4 ,smith4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,schmidt1 shortened in accordance with the rules of the ,american ,pomological ,society from ,schmidt's ,bigarreau1 is not new nor can it be said to be little known1 since it has been rather widely planted in ,america for a score of years4 ,yet in ,new ,york1 at least1 it is not receiving the attention that it deserves from commercial cherry-growers1 being relegated to the rear of ten or a dozen kinds when it should be in the front rank4 ,indeed1 about ,geneva1 where many ,sweet ,cherries are grown1 while not the leading market variety1 it is one of the best4 ,the characters which entitle it to a high place as a money-maker are3 large size1 being unsurpassed in this respect by any other black cherry in this region2 its round1 plump form and glossy1 black color which tempt the eye2 crisp1 firm1 juicy flesh and sweet1 rich flavor1 delicious to the taste2 dark ruby-red color under the skin which makes it as pleasing inwardly as outwardly2 freedom from brown-rot1 in this respect excelling any other market sort2 and a vigorous1 healthy1 productive tree4 ,the tree is further characterized by its abundant1 large leaves of dark1 luxuriant green4 ,the fruit is often picked before it is ripe1 at which time it is dark red and not black4 ,there is a good deal of enthusiasm in ,new ,york over several new ,sweet ,cherries from the ,pacific ,coast but in this vicinity none of these is equal to ,schmidt4 ,schmidt is a seedling of ,festfleischige ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche and was raised by ,herr ,schmidt1 ,forester at ,casekow1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 about #ahda4 ,it was introduced into ,england by ,thomas ,rivers of ,sawbridgeworth and eventually found its way to ,america but how and when is not known4 ,schmidt appeared on the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahig but only for two years when for some reason it was dropped4 ,in #aiji1 a ,smith was listed1 with ,smith's ,bigarreau as a synonym4 ,budd-,hansen in the publication of #aijc also mentioned a ,smith which is probably ,schmidt4 ,we are inclined to hold to the ,german spelling1 ,schmidt4 ,illustration3 ,,schmidt ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 open-topped1 productive2 trunk and branches stocky1 smooth2 branches dull reddish-brown covered with ash-gray1 with numerous lenticels2 branchlets thick1 short1 smooth1 with rather conspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 six inches long1 three inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate2 upper surface light green1 smooth2 lower surface pale green1 pubescent along the midrib and larger veins2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 margin serrate1 glandular2 petiole one and one-half inches long1 thick1 dull red1 with a narrow1 deep groove along the upper surface1 glandless or with one or two large1 reniform1 reddish glands on the stalk4 ,buds large1 long1 obtuse to conical1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and in numerous small clusters2 leaf-scars prominent2 time of blooming mid-season2 flowers white1 one and one-half inches across2 borne in scattering clusters in twos and threes2 pedicels one inch long1 thick1 glabrous2 calyx-tube green or with a tinge of red1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes long1 broad1 acute1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals oval1 crenate1 with short1 narrow claws2 filaments three-eighths inch long2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 one inch in diameter1 cordate1 compressed1 often slightly oblique2 cavity deep1 wide1 flaring2 suture indistinct2 apex bluntly pointed2 color purplish-black2 dots numerous1 small1 dark russet1 obscure2 stem slender1 one and one-half inches long1 strongly adherent to the fruit2 skin tough1 separating from the pulp2 flesh purplish-red1 with dark colored juice1 very meaty1 crisp1 firm1 mild1 sweet2 of good quality2 stone semi-clinging1 ovate1 slightly oblique1 with smooth surfaces2 ventral suture prominent4 ,,short-,,stem ,,montmorency ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,christ4 ,handb4 #fgi4 #agig4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ada1 #adb4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cfe1 #cff fig41 #cfg4 #ahgg4 ,gobet ,courte ,queue4 #d4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3ahj1 #aha1 ,pl4 ,,viii4 #agfh4 #e4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3g1 ,tab4 #ah fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,gros ,gobet4 #f4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fcd-fch4 #ahai4 #g4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ga1 #gb4 #aheh4 #h4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3bjd1 #cjh4 #ahff4 #i4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3ea1 #eb1 fig4 #bd4 #ahff-gc4 #aj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bii1 #cjj4 #ahhd4 #aa4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ceh4 #ahhi4 #ab4 ,guide ,prat4 #i1 #aij4 #ahie4 ,flemish4 #ac4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aie fig4 #he1 #aif4 #ahde4 ,cerise ,courte ,queue4 #ad4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #ae1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 ,cerise ,gros ,fruit4 #ae4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #aa1 ,pl4 #aa4 #ahga4 ,in tracing the history of the ,montmorency cherries from ,duhamel's time to the present we have been led to conclude that three distinct types are now being cultivated4 ,of these closely related strains1 all of which probably originated about the same time in ,montmorency ,valley1 ,france1 ,montmorency is by far the most important and the one now grown commercially in all parts of the country4 ,large ,montmorency1 while quite similar to ,montmorency1 is much less grown because of its unproductiveness1 although in quality it is quite equal or perhaps superior to ,montmorency4 ,short-,stem ,montmorency1 under discussion here1 varies considerably both in tree and fruit from either of the other two1 although it is frequently taken for ,large ,montmorency4 ,the tree is smaller and more drooping but usually very productive4 ,the fruit1 similar in size to ,large ,montmorency1 differs from it by being more oblate and irregular1 and in having a very deep1 wide suture which becomes an indistinct line towards the apex4 ,the skin seldom becomes as dark red even at perfect maturity4 ,the flavor is more sprightly but its quality is not as high4 ,all three varieties have long lists of synonyms1 many of which have been used for each of the three sorts4 ,many writers believe that only two distinct strains of ,montmorency exist and that ,short-,stem ,montmorency is identical with ,large ,montmorency4 ,the variety is little grown in ,north ,america and is not as worthy for any purpose as either of the other two better-known sorts4 ,illustration3 ,,short-,,stem ,,montmorency ,tree upright-spreading1 round-topped1 productive2 trunk shaggy2 branches roughish1 reddish-brown covered with ash-gray1 with numerous lenticels2 branchlets slender1 long1 brown partly overspread with ash-gray1 smooth1 with conspicuous1 numerous1 small1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 variable in size1 averaging four inches long1 one and three-fourths inches wide1 long-oval to obovate1 thick2 upper surface dark green1 smooth2 lower surface medium green1 with a prominent midrib2 apex taper-pointed1 base acute2 margin doubly crenate1 glandular2 petiole one inch long1 tinged with dull red1 variable in thickness1 lightly pubescent1 glandless or with from one to three large1 raised1 reniform glands on the stalk4 ,buds small1 short1 variable in shape1 free1 arranged as lateral buds and on few1 if any1 spurs2 leaf-scars obscure2 season of bloom late2 flowers white1 one inch across2 borne in a few scattering clusters1 variable in number of flowers per cluster2 pedicels one-half inch long1 thick1 greenish2 calyx-tube green or with a tinge of red1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes with a trace of red1 obtuse1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish-oval1 crenate1 sessile1 with a distinctly notched apex2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length1 often defective4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 over three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 decidedly oblate1 irregular in outline1 slightly compressed2 cavity deep1 wide1 irregular1 flaring2 suture very deep near the stem but shallow at the apex which is flattened or depressed2 color light to dark red2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 inconspicuous2 stem very thick1 less than three-fourths of an inch long1 adhering strongly to the fruit2 skin rather tender1 separating from the pulp2 flesh pale yellow1 with colorless juice1 tender and melting1 sprightly1 sour2 of fair quality2 stone clinging along the ventral suture1 small1 roundish1 plump1 blunt1 with smooth surfaces1 faintly tinged with red2 ventral suture very prominent4 ,,sklanka ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ccj4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbg4 #ahhh4 #c4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #dj1 #da4 #ahie4 #d4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aaf fig4 #f1 #aag4 #aijj4 #e4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3hc fig4 #ba1 #hd4 #aijc4 ,sklanka is evidently a cross between a cherry of the ,amarelle group and one of the ,morellos--another indication of the frequency of hybridization in this fruit4 ,the cherries of ,sklanka have the light-colored skin and juice of the ,amarelles while the dwarfish1 round-topped trees with pendant branches and abundant1 small leaves are typical of the ,morellos4 ,the variety is in no way remarkable unless it be in hardiness1 the pomologists of the colder parts of the ,mississippi ,valley holding that it is one of the hardiest of cherries4 ,the fruit is not on a par with that of a score of other ,amarelles and the trees1 in ,new ,york at least1 are too small and unproductive to be worth planting4 ,the cherry has value1 then1 only where hardiness is a prime requisite4 ,sklanka was imported to this country from ,russia in #ahhc by ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd of ,ames1 ,iowa4 ,its parentage and origin are uncertain4 ,it does not seem to have been grown in continental ,europe outside of ,russia but in certain sections of that country it is reported as being one of the hardiest and most productive of the ,sour ,cherries4 ,as grown in our ,northern ,central ,states it has proved one of the hardiest of all varieties but has not1 as yet1 gained much reputation commercially even in these cold regions4 ,it is mentioned but seldom in the literature and is listed by but few nurserymen4 ,illustration3 ,,sklanka ,tree of medium size1 vigorous1 spreading1 with drooping branchlets1 open-topped1 unproductive2 trunk thick and smooth2 branches rather slender1 long1 slightly roughened1 reddish-brown partly overspread with ash-gray1 with numerous rather small lenticels2 branchlets slender and willowy1 with short internodes1 brown nearly covered with ash-gray1 smooth except for the lenticels1 which are small1 numerous1 raised1 conspicuous4 ,leaves of medium number1 three and one-fourth inches long1 one and three-fourths inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate to elliptical1 thick1 stiff2 upper surface very dark green1 glossy1 smooth2 lower surface medium green1 finely pubescent along the midrib and larger veins2 apex and base acute2 margin finely and doubly serrate1 with small1 dark glands2 petiole three-fourths of an inch long1 thick1 tinged with dull red1 grooved1 with a few hairs along the upper surface1 with from one to four small1 globose1 orange-colored glands usually at the base of the blade4 ,buds small1 short1 variable in shape1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and in few1 very small clusters2 time of blooming mid-season2 flowers one and three-sixteenths inches across1 white2 borne in dense clusters usually at the ends of branches or spurs1 well distributed1 usually in threes2 pedicels over one-half inch long1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube green1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes broad1 obtuse1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish1 entire1 nearly sessile1 with almost entire apex2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures early2 about three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 oblate1 not compressed2 cavity of medium depth1 narrow1 abrupt2 suture lacking2 apex flattened or strongly depressed2 color bright currant-red2 dots numerous1 light colored1 slightly conspicuous2 stem thick1 less than one inch long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin rather tough1 separating from the pulp2 flesh pale yellow1 with colorless juice1 tender and melting1 sour2 of good quality2 stone semi-free1 clinging only along the ventral suture1 about one-third inch in diameter1 roundish1 slightly flattened1 blunt1 with smooth surfaces4 ,,sparhawk ,prunus avium #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bai1 #bbj4 #ahce4 ,sparhawk's ,honey4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agg4 #ahde4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #d4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3adc1 #add1 fig4 #gj4 #ahff-gc4 ,honey ,heart4 #e4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bcd fig4 #cg1 #bce4 #ahdi4 ,sparhawk has little to recommend it for either a home or commercial orchard2 but the rich and honeyed sweetness of the cherries1 scarcely surpassed in flavor1 might make it worth planting by plant-breeders and connoisseurs of choicely good fruits4 ,the name honey which appears in several of the synonyms is indicative of the flavor of the fruit4 ,the cherries are quite too small and the pits altogether too large for a commercial product4 ,the tree is upright-spreading1 with numerous thick branches over which the cherries are rather thickly scattered in ones1 twos and threes and never in clusters4 ,the fruit-stems are characteristically long and slender4 ,though of the ,bigarreau group the flesh is too tender to well withstand harvesting1 shipping and the brown-rot4 ,this cherry was introduced by ,edward ,sparhawk1 for whom it was named1 of ,brighton1 ,massachusetts4 ,the variety has been known under a number of different names1 the number being no measure of its merit1 however1 for it has never been extensively cultivated4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society placed it in its fruit catalog list of recommended varieties in #ahfb but dropped it in #ahga and for many years but little attention has been given it4 ,it is now for sale in but few of the nurseries of the country4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright1 rather open-topped1 hardy1 unproductive2 trunk stocky1 slightly shaggy2 branches thick2 branchlets medium in thickness and length2 leaves numerous1 five inches long1 two and one-fourth inches wide1 long-oval to obovate1 thin1 medium green2 margin coarsely and doubly serrate1 glandular2 petiole two inches long1 thick1 overlaid with red1 with one or two large1 reniform1 reddish glands on the stalk2 buds intermediate in size and length2 season of bloom intermediate1 average length five days2 flowers one and one-fourth inches across2 pistil shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures in mid-season1 average length about nineteen days2 nearly seven-eighths inch in diameter1 somewhat conical1 compressed2 color dark red over a yellowish background1 finely mottled2 stem of medium thickness1 one and three-eighths inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin thin1 tough1 separates from the pulp2 flesh pale yellowish-white1 with colorless juice1 tender1 crisp1 highly flavored1 mild1 aromatic1 sweet2 very good in quality2 stone nearly free1 large for the size of the fruit1 ovate1 flattened1 slightly oblique1 with smooth surfaces4 ,,sp,,te ,,amarelle ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #fgi4 #agig4 #b4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bid4 #ahjb4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fbi-fcb4 #ahai4 #d4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fg1 #fh4 #aheh4 #e4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #eda fig41 #edb4 #ahfa4 #f4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3adi1 #aej1 fig4 #gc4 #ahff-gc4 #g4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,iii3 ,no4 #bd1 ,pl4 #ahhb4 #h4 ,am4 ,gard4 #i3bfd4 #ahhh4 #i4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #b3cf4 #ahhh4 #aj4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abf1 #abg4 #aijj4 ,spte ,morello4 #aa4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gh4 #ahij4 #ab4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bhb1 #bhc4 #aijc4 ,this is another variety with ,amarelle fruit and a ,morello-like tree and is unquestionably a hybrid between varieties of the two groups4 ,several references from the ,middle ,west mention ,spte ,amarelle as very promising but in ,new ,york1 where such sorts as ,early ,richmond and the ,montmorencies thrive1 it is unpromising for any purpose4 ,the cherries are quite too poor in quality1 being very sour1 and the trees too unproductive to make the variety even a poor rival of a score or more of ,amarelles and ,dukes with which it would have to compete in this ,state4 ,the origin of this cherry is unknown but according to ,truchsess it was sent out from ,hanover as ,spte ,morelle in #aghe4 ,in #agig1 ,christ mentions a cherry under this name the description of which agrees with that of ,spte ,amarelle4 ,lauche states that ,truchsess received the variety from ,hanover under the name ,spte ,morelle and later changed the name to ,spte ,amarelle4 ,this cherry was grown in the ,paris ,national ,nursery under the name ,cerise ,amarelle ,tardive and at one time was commonly grown in gardens in ,france4 ,in the spring of #ahhc1 ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd of ,iowa brought to ,america a large number of cherries from central and eastern ,europe4 ,somehow there was confusion in the description of these imported cherries and two kinds were described under the name ,spte ,amarelle1 one a light-fleshed sort1 the other with red flesh and colored juice4 ,the true variety has light flesh and juice and a pleasant1 acid flavor and is probably identical with the old ,french sort1 ,cerise ,amarelle ,tardive4 ,the cherry sometimes called ,spte ,morello can be no other than the ,spte ,amarelle4 ,tree of medium size1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 round-topped1 rather unproductive2 trunk stocky1 somewhat shaggy2 branches smooth1 dark brown overspread by ash-gray1 with numerous lenticels variable in size2 branchlets slender1 rather short1 brown nearly covered with ash-gray1 smooth1 with slightly raised1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 small1 folded upward1 oval to somewhat obovate1 rather stiff2 upper surface dark green1 smooth2 lower surface medium green1 pubescent only on the midrib and larger veins2 apex acute1 base variable in shape2 margin finely serrate1 glandular2 petiole greenish or with a slight bronze tinge1 glandless or with from one to four small1 globose1 brown or yellowish glands usually at the base of the blade4 ,buds small1 pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and in clusters on long or short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom late2 flowers one inch across1 white2 borne in scattered clusters1 usually in threes2 pedicels three-fourths of an inch long1 slender1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube green with a tinge of red1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes with a trace of red1 rather narrow1 acute1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals broad-oval1 entire1 slightly crenate at the apex2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to or longer than the stamens4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 one-half inch long1 oblate1 slightly compressed2 cavity shallow1 narrow2 suture indistinct2 apex roundish or depressed2 color dark red2 dots numerous1 very small1 obscure2 stem slender1 one and one-half inches long2 skin thin1 tender2 flesh light red1 with light colored juice1 tender1 tart2 of good quality2 stone free1 roundish1 flattened1 with smooth surfaces2 distinctly ridged along the ventral suture4 ,,suda ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,suda ,hardy4 #b4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ba4 #ahib-ic4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #be4 #ahii4 #d4 ,stark ,brothers ,cat4 #ahii4 #e4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3hd fig41 #he4 #aijc4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #cf4 #aijd-je4 ,suda has been widely advertised as an improved ,english ,morello but1 while there seem to be some slight differences between the two1 the new variety is not an improvement on the old so far as can be discovered at this ,station4 ,the trees of ,suda in general aspect are more upright and the stems of the cherries longer and more slender than those of ,english ,morello1 being but an inch in length in the one variety and an inch and three-fourths in the other4 ,the trees on the grounds of this ,station are not as productive as those of ,english ,morello4 ,the cherries1 if anything1 are not as high in quality as those of the older and probably the parent variety4 ,it is doubtful if there is a place for ,suda in the cherry industry of ,new ,york4 ,this cherry originated in the garden of a ,captain ,suda1 ,louisiana1 ,missouri1 about #ahhj4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society listed ,suda in its fruit catalog of #ahii as ,suda ,hardy but in #aiji shortened the name to ,suda1 a change which has generally been accepted4 ,illustration3 ,,suda ,tree vigorous1 rather unproductive2 branches slender1 with numerous small lenticels2 branchlets slender1 long2 leaves numerous1 four inches long1 two and one-fourth inches wide1 obovate to oval1 dull1 dark green2 margin doubly serrate1 with dark glands2 petiole one inch long1 of medium thickness1 tinged with dull red1 glandless or with one or two reniform1 yellowish-brown glands usually at the base of the blade2 buds small1 short1 obtuse1 arranged singly as lateral buds and on but very few1 if any1 spurs2 season of bloom late2 flowers white1 one inch across2 filaments one-fourth inch long2 pistil shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures very late2 three-fourths inch in diameter1 roundish-cordate1 slightly compressed2 cavity flaring2 suture indistinct2 color dark purplish-red2 stem slender1 one and three-fourths inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin separating from the pulp2 flesh dark red1 with dark colored juice1 tender1 somewhat meaty1 sprightly1 astringent1 very sour2 poor in quality2 stone free or nearly so1 ovate1 slightly pointed1 with smooth surfaces4 ,,timme ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3he1 #hf4 #aijc4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,timme can hardly be distinguished from ,early ,richmond1 differing only in smaller fruits1 and probably is a seed variation of that variety4 ,on the grounds of this ,station the trees of ,timme are even more productive than those of ,early ,richmond1 one of the most fruitful of all cherries1 but the greater fruitfulness of the tree hardly offsets the smaller size of the cherries4 ,it is doubtful if this new strain can displace the older ,early ,richmond1 which is well established in the favor of cherry-growers everywhere4 ,this variety is supposed to have been brought to ,america from ,germany by a ,mr4 ,timme of ,omaha1 ,nebraska4 ,it is of some local importance in ,iowa and ,nebraska but as yet has not been widely distributed in ,america4 ,possibly it will be found in time that it is some old ,german variety renamed4 ,it was placed on the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #aiji4 ,illustration3 ,,timme ,tree medium in size1 rather vigorous1 upright-spreading1 open-topped1 healthy2 trunk and branches thick1 with numerous large lenticels2 branchlets slender1 long1 willowy2 leaves three and one-half inches long1 one and five-eighths inches wide1 ovate to obovate1 thick1 stiff1 leathery1 dark green2 margin finely serrate1 tipped with reddish-brown glands2 petiole three-fourths of an inch in length1 with one or two large1 globose glands variable in position2 flowers one inch across1 in dense clusters4 ,fruit matures medium early2 over one-half inch in diameter1 roundish-oblate2 color light red becoming dark red at full maturity2 stem one inch long2 flesh yellowish-white1 with abundant pinkish juice1 tender and melting1 pleasant flavored1 sprightly2 good in quality2 stone semi-clinging1 roundish-ovate1 plump2 prominently ridged along the ventral suture4 ,,toussaint ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3agh-ahj1 ,pl4 ,,vii4 #agfh4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3g1 ,tab4 #ah fig4 #b4 #agib4 #c4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #ba1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #d4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #a3ajc1 #ajd1 ,pl4 #ahec4 #e4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3bje1 #cjh4 #ahff4 #f4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cje1 #cjf fig41 #cjg1 #cjh4 #ahgg4 #g4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bej4 #aijf4 ,stts ,blhender ,kirschbaum4 #h4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #db1 #dc4 #agij4 ,all ,saints4 #i4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ffa-ffh4 #ahai4 #aj4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aeb1 #aec4 #ahcb4 #aa4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3gb4 #aheh4 #ab4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bgg4 #ahhd4 #ac4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccb4 #ahhi4 ,toussaint is a marked deviation from its species4 ,instead of bearing blossoms normally this variety sends out small branches from the buds4 ,in the axis of the first four leaves are borne the buds destined to produce similar branches the following spring4 ,as the branches elongate these buds remain dormant but others are borne which produce flowers in umbel-like clusters of two or three4 ,the trees begin blooming three or four weeks later than other cherries and new buds and flowers appear continually until ,august or thereabouts4 ,the tree1 too1 is most striking in appearance1 being dwarfish in stature1 thickly set with pendant branchlets and1 all in all1 attractive enough to make it a rather handsome ornamental4 ,the cherries are of little or no value1 being quite too acid to eat out of hand but furnishing very late fruit which may be used for culinary purposes4 ,the description given is compiled4 ,the history of the variety is uncertain4 ,leroy says that it was mentioned by ,dalchamp1 a ,french writer1 as early as #aehf4 ,duhamel seems to have been the first pomologist to describe it which he did in #agfh under the name ,cerisier de la ,toussaint4 ,the variety is well known in ,europe1 being widely distributed in ,austria1 ,germany1 ,belgium1 ,france and ,england1 pomologists and nurserymen in all these countries seeming to be well acquainted with it4 ,there are no records of its culture in ,america1 although ,prince and ,elliott describe it from ,european fruit books4 ,tree small1 hardy1 moderately productive2 branches slender1 numerous1 pendant4 ,fruit small1 flattened on the ends and sides2 stem long2 color clear red1 darker on maturing1 rather transparent2 flesh white somewhat red at the center1 with reddish juice2 flavor1 if mature1 sour1 though not excellent2 stone large1 long1 clings to the flesh more than to the stem4 ,the fruit borne in ,october never reaches maturity4 ,,vladimir ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hd1 #he4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ge4 #ahhc4 #c4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbg1 #cbh4 #ahhe4 #d4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ai3eej4 #ahib4 #e4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ded4 #ahie4 #f4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abh1 #abi4 #aijj4 #g4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3hg4 #aijc4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,vladimir is a ,morello-like cherry not more promising in ,new ,york1 at least in the orchard of this ,station1 than any other of the many competitors of ,english ,morello4 ,the cherries are large1 very similar in size and appearance to those of ,english ,morello2 the pit is small1 the skin very thin and separating readily from the pulp4 ,the variety is further characterized by the very dark red flesh and dark colored juice which is too astringent and sour to eat out of hand but does very well for culinary purposes4 ,the tree is much like that of ,english ,morello but is far more dwarfish and not as productive1 these being fatal faults for commercial planting in ,new ,york4 ,it falls short of ,english ,morello in another respect--the fruit ripens very unevenly4 ,vladimir has the reputation of being one of the hardiest of all cherries4 ,it is said to come true from seed and does better on its own roots than on either ,mazzard or ,mahaleb4 ,the ,russians1 according to ,budd1 succeed best with it when it is propagated from sprouts and allowed to form a bushy plant with several stems1 the oldest of which are cut from time to time4 ,there seems to be little in the variety to commend it for either home or commercial plantings in ,new ,york4 ,vladimir is a generic name for a group of varieties grown in ,russia1 principally in the province of ,vladimir east of ,moscow4 ,most of these cherries are large1 black fruits with highly colored juice and good quality1 much valued for market use in their native country4 ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd imported a number of these ,vladimir cherries from ,orel in ,central ,russia and grew them at the ,experiment ,station grounds in ,iowa1 giving to each a seedling number as a distinguishing characteristic4 ,one1 ,orel ,no4 #be1 was selected as being superior in many respects to the others and was finally named ,vladimir4 ,this variety1 typical of these ,russian cherries1 has been considerably propagated and is generally distributed throughout this country4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added ,vladimir to its list of recommended fruits in #aiji4 ,illustration3 ,,vladimir ,tree dwarfish1 round-topped1 very hardy1 productive2 trunk medium or below in size2 branches willowy1 drooping1 reddish-brown slightly overspread with ash-gray2 branchlets slender1 long1 smooth1 with a few small1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 three inches long1 one and three-fourths inches wide1 folded upward1 oval1 thick2 upper surface dull1 dark green1 smooth2 lower surface light green1 with a few scattering hairs2 apex acute1 base slightly abrupt2 margin finely serrate1 with dark colored glands2 petiole one-half inch long1 tinged with red1 with a few scattering hairs along the stalk1 glandless or with from one to four small1 reniform1 greenish-yellow glands at the base of the blade4 ,buds small1 short1 very obtuse1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and in small clusters on small spurs2 leaf-scars obscure2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in scattering clusters in twos1 threes and fours2 pedicels three-fourths of an inch long1 rather slender1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube with a tinge of red1 somewhat obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes reddish1 broad1 obtuse1 serrate1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals roundish or slightly obovate1 irregularly crenate1 with short1 blunt claws1 apex entire2 filaments over one-fourth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures very late2 three-eighths of an inch long1 seven-eighths of an inch wide1 roundish-cordate1 slightly compressed2 cavity rather shallow2 suture a line2 apex roundish2 color dark red almost black at full maturity2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 inconspicuous2 stem slender1 one and one-half inches or more in length1 adherent to the fruit2 skin thin1 separating from the pulp2 flesh dark red1 with very dark colored juice1 slightly stringy1 melting1 sprightly1 astringent1 sour2 of fair quality2 stone semi-clinging1 rather large1 long-ovate to oval1 with smooth surfaces1 tinged with red4 ,,waterloo ,prunus avium 7,prunus avium ,prunus cerasus7 #a4 ,prince ,treat4 ,hort4 #bi4 #ahbh4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ef4 #ahca4 #c4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aah4 #ahcb4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agh4 #ahde4 #e4 ,floy-,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #aja1 #ajb4 #ahdf4 #f4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bac1 #bad4 #ahed4 #g4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cad4 #ahhd4 ,this old sort1 seemingly well thought of in ,europe1 has not been popular in ,america and has only historical value to cherry-growers of this country4 ,it is an interesting cherry resembling the ,bigarreaus in tree and leaf-characters while the flowers are more like those of the ,dukes1 the fruit1 too1 taking on more the aspect of the ,dukes than of the ,sweet ,cherry4 ,the variety has long since passed from general cultivation in the ,united ,states and can now be found only in collections or as an occasional dooryard tree4 ,this cherry was raised early in the ,nineteenth ,century by ,t4 ,a4 ,knight1 ,downton ,castle1 ,wiltshire1 ,england1 and first fruited in #ahae1 shortly after the ,battle of ,waterloo1 hence its name4 ,it was supposed to be a cross between ,yellow ,spanish and ,may ,duke4 ,the variety was brought to this country by ,honorable ,john ,lowell of ,newton1 ,massachusetts1 though it was described by ,prince in #ahbh from ,european fruit books4 ,the following description is compiled3 ,tree vigorous1 thrifty1 rather irregular and spreading1 productive2 branchlets thick1 stocky1 grayish2 leaves large1 drooping1 wavy2 margin slightly serrate2 flowers large2 stamens shorter than the pistil4 ,fruit matures the last of ,june or early in ,july2 large1 obtuse-cordate1 broad at the base1 convex on one side1 flattened on the other2 stem one and one-half to two inches in length1 slender2 color dark purplish-red becoming nearly black at maturity2 skin thin2 flesh purplish-red becoming darker next to the stone1 firm but tender1 juicy1 fine flavored1 sweet2 good in quality2 stone separating readily from the pulp1 small1 roundish-ovate1 compressed4 ,,white ,,bigarreau ,prunus avium #a4 ,thacher ,am4 ,orch4 #bag4 #ahbb4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abe4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhc4 #ahdb4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahj fig41 #aha4 #ahde4 #e4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cff4 #ahdi4 #f4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3eda4 #ahee4 ,tradescant4 #g4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #bej4 #ahag4 ,white ,oxheart4 #h4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bgh4 #ahcb4 ,white ,bigarreau is a cherry of the past1 having been considered one of the good sorts of a century ago4 ,rivers1 the ,english pomologist1 believed it to have come originally from ,russia4 ,it is reputed to have been brought to ,america from ,france by ,chancellor ,livingston of ,revolutionary fame4 ,thacher1 in #ahbb1 described the variety first under its present name4 ,the variety1 as the synonymy shows1 has been grown under many names both in ,america and ,europe4 ,in #ahde1 according to ,downing1 this cherry was common in the neighborhood of ,new ,york and ,philadelphia but since ,downing's time no one seems to have mentioned it4 ,the variety is usually spoken of in the ,united ,states as neither hardy nor productive4 ,the fruit books describe it as follows3 ,tree medium in size1 spreading1 very tender1 unproductive2 leaves narrow1 waved4 ,fruit matures the last of ,june or early in ,july2 large to very large1 heart-shaped1 somewhat pointed2 color yellowish-white with a bright red cheek1 mottled2 flesh very firm1 breaking1 pleasantly flavored1 sweet2 very good in quality2 stone separating readily from the flesh4 ,,white ,,heart ,prunus avium #a4 ,bradley ,gard4 #baa4 #agci4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agc1 #agd fig4 #ahde4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baf4 #ahed4 #d4 ,horticulturist #ae3cbg1 ,pl4 fig4 #a4 #ahfj4 #e4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cae4 #ahhd4 ,amber ,heart4 #f4 ,miller ,gard4 ,kal4 #aed4 #agcd4 #g4 ,jour4 ,roy ,hort4 ,soc4 #ba3cee4 #ahih4 ,frhe ,bernsteinkirsche4 #h4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cjd1 #cje4 #ahai4 #i4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ci4 #aheh4 #aj4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3de1 #df1 fig4 #bc4 #ahhb4 #aa4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdh4 #ahhi4 ,kentish ,bigarreau4 #ab4 ,bunyard-,thomas ,fr4 ,gard4 #dc4 #aijd4 ,white ,heart is mentioned in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york only because of its reputation in ,europe and the frequent references1 therefore1 that ,american cherry-growers see to it in ,european publications4 ,bunyard and ,thomas1 in the reference given1 speak of it as one of the best and most profitable cherries grown in the famous ,kent cherry orchards4 ,early ,american horticulturists describe it but it seems not to have been widely grown in ,america and has probably long since passed from cultivation4 ,it failed1 according to ,elliott1 because it was a variable and uncertain bearer and while an early cherry not early enough to compete with many new varieties4 ,white ,heart seems to have been mentioned first by ,miller in #agcd4 ,a little later it is found to be described in both ,germany and ,france1 indicating that it must have been known and widely distributed before the time given4 ,it seems to have been brought to ,america before the ,war of the ,revolution and to have been grown in this country under the several different names which are given in the list of synonyms4 ,the following description is compiled3 ,tree large1 vigorous1 somewhat erect1 very healthy1 rather productive2 branches stocky1 somewhat angular1 with large1 roundish1 light colored lenticels2 internodes of unequal length2 leaves medium in size1 oval or obovate1 sharply pointed2 margin finely serrate2 petiole short1 slender1 tipped with two reniform1 orange-red glands2 flowers medium in size2 petals obovate4 ,fruit matures early in ,june2 rather small1 roundish-cordate1 often one-sided1 with a distinct suture2 color whitish-yellow1 tinged and speckled with pale red in the sun2 stem long1 slender1 inserted in a wide1 shallow cavity2 skin firm2 flesh light colored1 firm1 half-tender1 breaking1 juicy1 sugary1 pleasant2 first quality2 stone rather large1 roundish-oval1 with a pointed apex4 ,,windsor ,prunus avium #a4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #bd3bjh4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,cult4 ,count4 ,gent4 #di3fcf4 #ahhd4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bb4 #ahhe4 #d4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ce3af fig4 #g4 #ahig4 #e4 ,ont4 ,fr4 ,exp4 ,sta4 ,rpt4 #e3da fig4 #ahih4 #f4 ,am4 ,gard4 #ba3gf4 #aijj4 #g4 ,can4 ,hort4 #be3c1 #bfb fig41 #bfc4 #aijb4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ef1 #eg4 #aijg4 ,windsor is the standard late ,bigarreau and one of the most profitable of the hard-fleshed cherries grown in ,new ,york4 ,both fruit and trees deserve the approbation of cherry-growers4 ,in color the cherries meet the market demand1 buyers preferring a dark-colored ,sweet ,cherry4 ,none would find fault with the appearance of ,windsor4 ,the flesh is firm and the product stands harvesting and shipping well and at a season of the year when brown-rot is usually rife this variety is fairly free from this scourge of the ,sweet ,cherry4 ,the quality is from good to very good1 equaled but not surpassed by others of its class4 ,but it is in its tree-characters that the superiority of ,windsor is best shown4 ,the trees have the reputation of being the hardiest of the ,bigarreaus and of thriving in many soils4 ,they are usually fruitful4 ,to offset these merits1 the trees have two or three rather serious faults4 ,thus1 they do not come in bearing early2 they are tall and upright in growth1 being almost fastigiate1 making it difficult to harvest the crop2 and the load of fruit is too much clustered4 ,cherry-growers agree that the worst of all pests of this fruit is the robin and that the ,windsor1 for some reason or other1 is the freest of its kind from this and other thieving birds4 ,from the behavior of the variety in ,new ,york1 we can heartily join with practically all who are growing this variety in recommending it as a late1 market ,sweet ,cherry4 ,windsor originated in the latter half of the ,nineteenth ,century on the farm of ,james ,dougall1 ,windsor1 ,ontario1 ,canada1 and was introduced to fruit-growers in #ahha by ,ellwanger ,barry1 ,rochester1 ,new ,york4 ,it has been planted extensively in many sections of this country for both home and market use and is now offered for sale by a large number of nurserymen4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society added ,windsor to its fruit catalog list in #ahhe and the variety still holds a place there4 ,though rather widely known in the ,united ,states the commercial culture of this variety is almost wholly confined to ,new ,york4 ,it seems as yet not to have found its way to ,europe1 a fact to be regretted1 for its many good qualities would soon make it known in the ,old ,world where the ,sweet ,cherry is better grown and more appreciated than in ,america4 ,illustration3 ,,windsor ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 open-topped1 very productive2 trunk thick1 shaggy2 branches stocky1 very smooth1 brown nearly overspread with ash-gray1 with large lenticels2 branchlets thick1 rather short1 brown overspread with light ash-gray1 smooth1 with few small1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves four inches long1 two inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate to oval1 thin2 upper surface dark green1 slightly rugose2 lower surface light green1 pubescent2 margin doubly crenate1 glandular2 petiole one and one-fourth inches long1 tinged with dull red1 with from one to three globose1 reddish glands of medium size on the stalk4 ,buds conical or pointed1 plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds and in very numerous clusters variable in size1 on short spurs2 leaf-scars somewhat prominent2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in scattering clusters1 in ones and twos2 pedicels one inch long1 slender1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube green1 campanulate1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes greenish or with a tinge of red1 acute1 glabrous within and without1 reflexed2 petals broad-oval1 slightly crenate1 with short1 blunt claws2 filaments five-sixteenths of an inch long2 pistil glabrous1 shorter than the stamens4 ,fruit matures in late mid-season2 three-fourths of an inch in diameter1 slightly oblong to conical1 compressed2 cavity deep1 wide1 flaring2 suture a line2 apex roundish1 with a depression at the center2 color very dark red becoming almost black2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 obscure2 stem slender1 one and one-fourth inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin thin1 adhering to the pulp2 flesh light red1 with reddish juice1 tender1 meaty1 crisp1 mild1 sweet2 good to very good in quality2 stone semi-free1 ovate1 flattened1 blunt-pointed1 with smooth surfaces2 ventral suture rather prominent near the apex4 ,,wood ,prunus avium #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,governor ,wood4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aif fig4 #ahed4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ajh4 #ahef4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cbd fig4 #ahgg4 ,wood is preeminently a ,sweet ,cherry for the amateur1 having many qualities that fit it for the home orchard and but few to commend it to commercial growers4 ,the trees are a little tender to cold1 are not quite productive enough to make the variety profitable and are1 too1 somewhat fastidious as to soils4 ,to offset these defects1 they are vigorous and healthy and bear early4 ,but the chief fault of the cherry from the cherry-grower's standpoint is to be found in the fruit4 ,the flesh is soft and the cherries will not stand handling in harvesting and shipping and are very susceptible to brown-rot and crack badly in wet weather4 ,wood has special merit in the home collection1 however1 because of its earliness1 its beautiful appearance and delicious flavor4 ,it is one of the first of the ,sweet ,cherries1 is large and1 as the color-plate shows1 is a beautiful yellowish-white tinted with shades of crimson1 with conspicuous russet dots--a beautiful fruit4 ,the flesh separates readily from the skin1 is tender1 juicy1 with an abundance of colorless juice and a flavor that has given it the reputation1 wherever grown in ,america1 of being one of the best in quality4 ,it would be hard to name another cherry better suited for small plantations and it is to be hoped that it will long be kept in the gardens of connoisseurs of good fruit4 ,wood is one of the best of ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland's#hc seedlings4 ,it was raised by him in #ahdb at ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 and named in honor of ,reuben ,wood1 at one time ,governor of ,ohio4 ,in #ahef1 it was added to the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society where it still remains1 being changed in #aiji to ,wood with ,governor ,wood as a synonym4 ,its popularity is shown in the ,united ,states by the fact that practically every nurseryman in this country lists this variety4 ,illustration3 ,,wood ,tree vigorous1 upright-spreading1 open1 productive2 trunk stout2 branches thick1 smooth1 dull reddish-brown covered with ash-gray1 with a few small lenticels2 branchlets thick1 reddish-brown slightly overspread with ash-gray1 smooth1 glabrous1 with a few inconspicuous1 raised lenticels4 ,leaves numerous1 four and one-half inches long1 two and one-half inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate1 thin2 upper surface light green1 smooth2 lower surface dull green1 lightly pubescent2 apex acute1 base abrupt2 margin coarsely and doubly serrate1 glandular2 petiole one and one-half inches long1 slender1 tinged with dull red1 with from one to three reniform1 reddish glands on the stalk4 ,buds large1 long1 pointed1 very plump1 free1 arranged singly as lateral buds or in small clusters on short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers one inch across1 arranged in twos and threes2 pedicels one inch long1 slender1 glabrous1 greenish2 calyx-tube tinged with red1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes reddish1 long1 acute1 glabrous on both surfaces1 reflexed2 petals roundish1 crenate1 with short1 blunt claws2 anthers yellowish2 filaments one-eighth inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length1 sometimes defective4 ,fruit matures in early mid-season2 nearly one inch in diameter1 roundish-cordate1 compressed2 cavity of medium depth1 wide1 flaring2 suture variable in depth1 distinct1 wide2 apex roundish2 color shades of crimson on a yellowish-white background2 dots numerous1 small1 light russet1 somewhat conspicuous1 especially just before maturity2 stem slender1 one and one-half inches long1 adhering well to the fruit2 skin thin1 tender1 separating from the pulp2 flesh whitish1 with colorless juice1 tender1 meaty1 mild1 sweet2 very good in quality2 stone clinging1 rather large1 roundish1 blunt1 with smooth surfaces2 with a broad1 ventral suture4 #hc ,jared ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,m4 ,d41 though now less well known than some of his contemporaries1 was one of the great pomologists of his time and a man of notable achievements in other branches of natural history as well4 ,professor ,kirtland was born at ,wallingford1 ,connecticut1 ,november #aj1 #agic1 and died at ,east ,rockport1 near ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 ,december #aa1 #ahgg4 ,for sixty years of a long life his avocation was the production of new varieties of fruits and flowers and1 though a half century has passed since he ceased active work1 the results of his labors are yet to be found in the gardens and orchards of the whole country4 ,in pomology he gave special attention to breeding grapes1 raspberries1 pears and cherries4 ,he achieved success1 too1 as a hybridizer of peonies and in the introduction of rare foreign magnolias4 ,professor ,kirtland is given credit as being the first horticulturist successfully to bud and graft magnolias1 an achievement which has made possible their cultivation under many conditions and to a degree of excellence that otherwise could not be obtained4 ,he was the founder of the ,cleveland ,society of ,natural ,history and was for many years its president4 ,he was a member of the ,american ,philosophical ,society1 the highest recognition for scientific work to be obtained in his time in this country4 ,he served as professor in several medical schools and filled other places of honor and trust4 ,from his boyhood we are told that he was interested in natural history and was intimately acquainted with the plants and animals of ,ohio1 having special knowledge of birds and fishes1 the propagation of the latter being one of his hobbies4 ,in pomology we owe him most for the many new cherries he has given us1 thirty varieties described in ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york having come from his breeding grounds4 ,among these are ,wood1 ,pontiac1 ,powhatan1 ,tecumseh1 ,osceola1 ,kirtland and ,red ,jacket1 sorts scarcely surpassed for high quality and grown commonly in ,america and to some extent wherever ,sweet ,cherries will thrive4 ,his #hd years seem to have been well ordered1 given almost wholly for the good of the public1 and his name should be cherished by pomologists among those who have done most for fruits and fruit-growing on this continent4 ,,wragg ,prunus cerasus #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aga4 #ahhd4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ie4 #ahhg4 #c4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #ag3ae fig4 #h4 #ahib4 #d4 ,neb4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ci4 #ahib4 #e4 ,am4 ,gard4 #bj3agh4 #ahii4 #f4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aai1 #abj4 #aijj4 #g4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3hi1 fig4 #bf4 #aijc4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #ch4 #aijd-je4 #i4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3bb1 #bc4 #aiaj4 ,wragg is either ,english ,morello or a strain of that variety4 ,trees on the grounds of this ,station are identical with ,english ,morello but it may be that here1 and occasionally elsewhere1 the older sort has been substituted for ,wragg4 ,in ,iowa1 where the new variety is most largely grown1 pomologists claim that it is distinct and that it is an improvement on ,english ,morello4 ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 an authority on ,russian cherries1 believed that this sort is distinct and of ,russian origin having1 according to him1 been brought to ,america by ,ellwanger ,barry of ,rochester1 ,new ,york1 in an importation of ,russian trees4 ,captain ,c4 ,l4 ,watrous of ,des ,moines1 ,iowa1 another prominent pomologist of that ,state1 was of the opinion that ,wragg came to light on the grounds of ,j4 ,wragg1 ,waukee1 ,iowa1 as a sprout from another tree4 ,colonel ,g4 ,b4 ,brackett1 pomologist of the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture1 who visited ,mr4 ,wragg's place some years ago and compared the new cherry with the ,english ,morello1 could find no distinguishing characters between the two4 ,on the other hand1 ,mr4 ,wragg insisted that they were distinct4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society calls ,wragg and ,english ,morello the same4 ,those who believe that the two are distinct say that the fruit of ,wragg is larger1 the trees hardier and that the cherries ripen a little later than those of ,english ,morello4 ,with the information now at hand it is impossible to say here whether or not ,wragg is distinct4 ,a compiled description taken from the text describing this cherry is so unsatisfactory that we offer none and refer the reader to that of ,english ,morello from which it differs but little1 if at all4 ,,yellow ,,spanish ,prunus avium #a4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 #a3aged4 #b4 ,forsyth ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees #db4 #ahjc4 #c4 ,prince ,treat4 ,hort4 #bh4 #ahbh4 #d4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abe4 #ahcb4 #e4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cgb4 #ahfg4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ag4 #ahig4 #g4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bia4 #aijc4 ,biguarre ,cherrie4 #h4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egb4 #afbi4 #i4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 ,spanish4 #aj4 ,gerarde ,herball #aejc1 fig4 #c4 #afcf4 ,bigarreau ,commun4 #aa4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afg1 #afh4 #agfh4 #ab4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abh4 #ahcb4 #ac4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #e1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #ad4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aae-aai1 fig4 #bf4 #ahff4 #ae4 ,pom4 ,france #g3 ,no4 #b1 ,pl4 #b4 #ahga4 #af4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ahh-aia1 fig4 #ahgg4 #ag4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bj1 fig4 #aijf4 ,gemeine ,marmorkirsche4 #ah4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cja-cjc4 #ahai4 #ai4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #abc fig41 #abd4 #ahfj4 ,graffion4 #bj4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cch-cdj4 #ahai4 #ba4 ,brookshaw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #a3fi1 ,pl4 #cd fig4 #a4 #ahbc4 #bb4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acg1 #ach4 #ahcb4 #bc4 ,cultivator ,n4 ,s4 #f3ba1 fig4 #f4 #ahdi4 #bd4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjh4 #ahed4 ,bigarreau4 #be4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bjb4 #ahdc4 #bf4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agi fig41 #ahj4 #ahde4 #bg4 ,floy-,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #ajb4 #ahdf4 #bh4 ,proc4 ,nat4 ,con4 ,fr4 ,gr4 #eb4 #ahdh4 #bi4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bcc fig4 #ca4 #ahdi4 #cj4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bha1 #bhb4 #ahhd4 ,for centuries ,yellow ,spanish must have been the best of all the ,bigarreaus and it is only in comparatively late years that it has had rivals4 ,even yet in tree-characters it is hardly equaled1 surpassing ,windsor1 which has a notable tree1 in several respects and falling short of it only in hardiness4 ,the trees are large1--perhaps the largest of all the varieties of ,prunus avium1--having an upright-spreading top which gives a large bearing surface and forms a canopy of splendid foliage4 ,the trees are vigorous1 bear abundantly and regularly and come in bearing young1 with the crop well distributed and not in clusters as is the case and the fault of ,windsor4 ,unfortunately1 the cherries1 though very good in most characters1 do not come up to the trees in points of superiority4 ,they are rather smaller than those of ,napoleon1 the greatest competitor of ,yellow ,spanish1 and are more subject to attacks of brown-rot than several others of the ,bigarreaus4 ,as may be seen by comparing the color-plates1 however1 ,yellow ,spanish is rather the handsomer of the two cherries1 the crimson color being more evenly distributed and the skin not having the mottled appearance of ,napoleon4 ,in quality ,yellow ,spanish is the better of the two1 having tenderer flesh and a sweeter and richer flavor4 ,yellow ,spanish is notable in the nursery for its strong1 upright growth and its large leaves1 the leaves of no other cherry attaining so great a size4 ,in blossoming time the variety may be distinguished by the whiteness of the blossoms as they open and a reddish tint as they drop4 ,it is a mid-season cherry1 ripening after ,wood and a few days before ,napoleon4 ,despite the great age of the variety it still remains one of the best1 furnishing proof1 by the way1 that varieties of cherries do not degenerate with age4 ,in ,new ,york ,yellow ,spanish cannot be spared from either home or commercial plantings4 ,yellow ,spanish is so old and so widely disseminated that its origin can only be conjectured4 ,from the name we naturally infer a ,spanish nativity and yet it is almost equally well known as ,bigarreau1 a word of ,french derivation4 ,under the last name ,french pomologists believe that they trace its history to the ,first ,century of the ,christian ,era as the variety described by ,pliny under the name ,cerasum ,duracinum4 ,the ,germans and ,austrians certainly knew this variety in the ,eighteenth ,century and probably much earlier1 an inference to be drawn from the references given4 ,parkinson1 the ,english herbalist1 described a cherry in #afbi which he called the ,biguarre ,cherrie which later came to be known as the ,bigarreau or ,graffion by ,english writers and which we now know to be ,yellow ,spanish4 ,seven years later ,gerarde described a ,spanish cherry the description of which is not unlike our ,yellow ,spanish4 ,miller and ,forsyth1 ,english writers1 also at an early date described a ,spanish cherry which may be the fruit of this discussion4 ,fortunately we are well informed as to the history of ,yellow ,spanish in ,america4 ,prince1 one of the most accurate of ,american pomologists1 in #ahcb1 gave the following historical account of the ,graffion1 or ,yellow ,spanish3 ,this tree was imported from ,london by the father of the author1 in the year #ahjb1 under the name ,yellow ,spanish1 and one of the original trees is now growing in his garden1 where it produces abundantly1 and there is little doubt that from his stock have originated most of the trees of this kind now in our country1 as he has taken much pains to recommend it4 ,why ,prince and other ,americans came to call the variety introduced by the elder ,prince of ,europe as ,yellow ,spanish1 as ,bigarreau and ,graffion1 does not appear unless the younger ,prince wanted to make the name in this country conform to that in most common usage in ,england at the time4 ,besides the names already given1 ,yellow ,spanish has been rather widely grown in ,america as ,ox ,heart and ,white ,caroon4 ,this variety was placed on the recommended list of the ,national ,congress of ,fruit ,growers1 which afterwards became the ,american ,pomological ,society1 in #ahdh1 under the name ,bigarreau4 ,the name was changed in #ahig to ,yellow ,spanish and it now appears on the list of that organization as ,spanish4 ,illustration3 ,,yellow ,,spanish ,tree very large and vigorous1 upright-spreading1 rather open-topped1 productive2 trunk thick1 of medium smoothness2 branches stocky1 reddish-brown covered with ash-gray1 smooth except for the numerous large lenticels2 branchlets short1 brown nearly overspread with ash-gray1 smooth1 with small1 slightly raised1 inconspicuous lenticels4 ,leaves numerous five and one-half inches long1 two and one-half inches wide1 folded upward1 obovate to elliptical2 upper surface dark green1 nearly smooth1 grooved along the midrib2 lower surface light green1 lightly pubescent2 apex acute1 base variable in shape2 margin coarsely and doubly serrate1 with small1 dark glands2 petiole one and three-fourths inches long1 thick1 heavily tinged with dull red1 grooved along the upper surface1 with from one to four large1 reniform1 reddish-yellow glands variable in position4 ,buds conical1 plump1 free1 arranged singly or in small clusters as lateral buds and from short spurs2 leaf-scars prominent2 season of bloom intermediate2 flowers white1 one and one-fourth inches across2 borne in well-distributed clusters1 in twos and in threes2 pedicels about one inch long1 glabrous1 green2 calyx-tube greenish1 obconic1 glabrous2 calyx-lobes acute1 reflexed2 petals oval1 entire1 strongly dentate at the apex1 tapering to short1 blunt claws2 filaments three-eighths inch long2 pistil glabrous1 equal to the stamens in length4 ,fruit matures in mid-season2 one inch or over in diameter1 cordate1 compressed2 cavity deep1 wide1 flaring2 suture a mere line2 apex roundish1 not depressed2 color bright amber-yellow with a reddish blush1 slightly mottled2 dots numerous1 small1 light russet1 obscure2 stem one and one-half inches long1 adherent to the fruit2 skin thin1 tough1 separating from the pulp2 flesh whitish1 with colorless juice1 tender1 meaty1 crisp1 aromatic1 sprightly1 sweet2 very good to best in quality2 stone free1 ovate1 slightly flattened1 oblique1 with smooth surfaces2 with two small1 blunt ridges along the ventral suture near the apex4 ,,chapter ,v ,,the ,,minor ,,varieties ,,of ,,cherries ,coeur ,htive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,listed in this reference4 ,feuilles de ,pcher ,grosse4 ,p4 cerasus8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #di4 #ahca4 ,merely mentioned2 probably similar to ,willow ,leaved4 ,abels ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,mentioned in this reference as a black1 hard-fleshed1 ,sweet ,cherry4 ,abundance ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,burbank ,cat4 #g4 #aiaa-ab4 ,abundance is one of ,burbank's seedlings from ,napoleon4 ,the tree is a heavy1 almost annual bearer4 ,the fruit is large1 never cracks1 and exceeds the parent in productiveness and beauty2 it ripens a week later4 ,abbesse4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hj4 #ahij4 #b4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bhd4 #aijc4 ,abbesse was found in ,north ,silesia and is supposed to be a ,red ,duke cross4 ,fruit medium to large1 cordate2 stem long1 thick at the base2 cavity shallow2 suture distinct2 skin dark red2 flesh meaty1 with colored juice1 mildly acid2 quality good4 ,act ,gillos4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bb4 #ahib-ic4 ,act ,gillos was imported by ,leo ,weltz of ,ohio1 in a collection of sweet varieties said to have come from ,bokhara1 ,turkestan4 ,tree vigorous2 leaves large2 fruit yellow1 resembling ,cleveland4 ,adams ,crown4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,brookshaw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #a3de1 ,pl4 #bc fig4 #a4 #ahbc4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bge1 #bgg4 #ahhd4 #c4 ,mawe-,abercrombie ,comp4 ,gard4 #fcb4 #ahbi4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cab fig41 #cac4 #ahgg4 ,adams ,herzkirsche4 #e4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ii fig41 #ajj4 #ahfj4 #f4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccb4 #ahhi4 ,adam4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3fi1 #gj1 fig4 #cc4 #ahff-gc4 ,adams ,crown is supposed to have been raised by a man named ,adams in the vicinity of ,sittingbourne1 ,kent1 ,england4 ,it was formerly grown in the orchards near ,london for market trade4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 usually productive1 bears early2 fruit medium in size1 roundish-cordate1 flattened at the base1 slightly compressed2 cavity wide1 deep2 suture shallow1 indistinct2 stem slender1 long2 skin thin1 transparent1 attractive pale red speckled with darker red deepening to carmine1 showing distinctly the fibers underneath2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 tender1 somewhat stringy1 sweet1 sprightly1 pleasant2 very good in quality2 stone small1 roundish-ovate1 flattened at the base1 plump2 season early4 ,adlington4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #de4 #ahca4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,affane4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #de4 #ahca4 ,mentioned in this reference4 ,afghanistan4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cae4 #ahig4 #b4 ,van ,lindley ,cat4 #cga4 #ahii4 ,this variety is said by ,van ,lindley to have been introduced into ,north ,carolina by a missionary from ,south ,africa4 ,the fruit closely resembles ,windsor4 ,tree tall1 spreading1 vigorous2 fruit large1 cordate1 often swollen along the suture giving it an angular appearance2 skin dark red to reddish-black2 flesh firm1 tender1 sweet2 ships well2 season the last of ,may4 ,alaternblttrige ,sssweichsel4 ,p4 avium1 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3dh4 #aheh4 ,fruit medium large1 roundish1 flattened1 with a faint suture2 skin glossy1 brownish-red2 stem mostly covered with leaves1 greenish-yellow2 flesh soft1 acidulated2 stone heart-shaped4 ,albertine ,millet4 ,species8 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,received from ,belgium without description2 its value is questioned in ,guide ,pratique4 ,alexandrine ,bon4 ,species8 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccb4 #ahhi4 ,listed in this reference4 ,alfred ,wesmael4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,this variety is similar to ,montmorency according to ,guide ,pratique4 ,allen4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,storrs ,harrison ,cat4 #acg4 #ahii4 #b4 ,brown ,cat4 #bc4 #aijj4 ,a seedling cherry found in ,lake ,county1 ,ohio4 ,it is darker1 later and smaller than ,windsor4 ,the tree is healthy1 very productive2 fruit somewhat heart-shaped1 nearly black1 glossy1 smooth2 flesh meaty1 firm1 sweet2 of small size4 ,allen ,late ,favourite4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abc4 #ahcb4 ,sent to the ,prince nursery by ,zachariah ,allen of ,providence1 ,rhode ,island4 ,the tree is vigorous2 fruit of fine quality1 juicy1 well flavored2 ripens in ,rhode ,island with ,black ,mazzard4 ,allerfrheste ,bunte ,maiherzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ai4 #aheh4 ,tree productive2 fruit of medium size1 obtuse-cordate2 stem long1 deeply set2 skin clear red1 spotted with dark brown2 flesh whitish1 sweet2 stone oval2 ripens in mid-,june4 ,alte ,knigskirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,obstbume #aeh4 #agia4 #b4 ,christ ,handb4 #fga4 #agig4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dbb4 #ahai4 ,tree large1 very productive2 fruit large1 round1 slightly heart-shaped2 stem long2 skin reddish-black2 flesh very delicate1 tender1 juicy1 sweet1 with an aromatic1 very pleasing sourness2 stone small4 ,altenlander ,frhkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #dfe fig41 #dff4 #ahfa4 ,cerise prcoce d',altenlaud4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cja4 #ahff4 ,this variety is distinguished from ,frhe ,maiherzkirsche by its fruits which are larger1 deeper in color1 sourer and more angular and a few days later4 ,tree productive2 fruit of medium size1 obtuse-cordate1 sometimes angular2 cavity wide1 shallow2 apex often widely depressed2 stem stout1 of medium length2 suture shallow2 skin glossy1 charcoal black in some spots when fully ripe1 rather tough2 flesh reddish-black1 tender1 very juicy1 sweet with a pleasing sourness2 stone short1 oval2 season early4 ,amaranthkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bgg4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bae-bai4 #ahai4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bh4 #aheh4 ,in #agij1 this variety was reported to have been brought to ,hanover1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 from ,england4 ,truchsess describes this cherry as being of medium size1 roundish-cordate1 with a pronounced suture2 stem short2 cavity shallow2 apex abruptly rounded2 skin red on the sunny side1 yellowish1 flesh-colored on the shady side2 flesh tender1 light yellowish-white1 juicy1 sweet yet without excellence2 stone round1 rather broad1 not long1 nearly free2 unproductive4 ,amarelle ,htive4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #ag3f fig4 #ahib4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahii4 #c4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aaj4 #aijj4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,this variety was imported by ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd of ,iowa1 in #ahhe4 ,it resembles ,early ,richmond but ripens ten days later4 ,it appeared on the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahii and in #aiji ,morello ,htive was given as a synonym4 ,this variety1 however1 is of the ,amarelle type while ,morello ,htive is a true ,morello4 ,amarelle mit ,weissem ,stempelpunct4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fee1 #fef4 #ahai4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3gj4 #aheh4 ,amarelle point pistillaire blanc4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,according to ,truchsess1 this variety was first mentioned by ,christ as early as #agie1 under the name1 ,roque ,cherydere4 ,fruit of medium size1 roundish1 flattened2 stem short2 skin dark red2 flesh white1 with colorless juice1 although a glistening red when pressed out1 subacid2 season early2 medium productive2 resembles ,bunte ,amarelle4 ,amber4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bgb4 #ahcb4 ,this variety was found in an old garden in ,providence1 ,rhode ,island4 ,fruit below medium in size1 perfectly round2 amber1 delicate red towards the sun2 flesh melting1 lively1 very sweet2 early4 ,amber ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #afh4 #ahde4 #b4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ajfh4 #ahfa4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bgg4 #ahhd4 ,amber8 #d4 ,rea ,flora #bjf4 #afgf4 ,late ,amber ,gean4 #e4 ,fish ,hardy-,fr4 ,bk4 #b3aje4 #ahhb4 ,this is probably the ,amber of the old ,english writers--an attractive1 small ,gean or ,mazzard4 ,tree bears abundantly2 fruit small1 obtuse-cordate1 usually regular2 stem long1 slender1 shallowly inserted2 skin very thin1 pellucid1 exhibiting the texture of the flesh1 pale yellow or amber1 tinged with delicate red2 flesh white1 tender1 juicy1 melting1 with a rich1 sweet1 pleasant flavor2 ripens the last of ,july4 ,ambre de ,guben4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aah1 #aai1 #cjc4 #ahff4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3ii1 #ajj1 fig4 #dh4 #ahff-gc4 ,gubener ,bernsteinkirsche4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cdb1 #fhe4 #ahai4 #d4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3db4 #aheh4 ,this variety resembles ,yellow ,spanish2 in fact the name is listed as a synonym of ,yellow ,spanish by ,mortillet4 ,we feel sure1 however1 that it is a distinct variety4 ,fruit large1 roundish-cordate1 truncate at the base2 suture shallow2 stem long2 cavity wide1 shallow2 skin glossy1 pale yellow washed with carmine in the sun2 flesh firm1 fibrous1 sweet1 with a sourness that disappears if allowed to remain on the tree2 quality good2 stone oval1 slightly flattened at the base2 ripens the first of ,july in ,france4 ,american ,amber4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bgb4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #afg4 #ahde4 #c4 ,bridgeman ,gard4 ,ass't ,pt4 #c3ed4 #ahdg4 #d4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cei4 #ahdi4 #e4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bad4 #ahed4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,this variety was introduced some time previous to #ahcb by the originator1 ,daniel ,bloodgood1 ,flushing1 ,new ,york4 ,it held a place on the ,american ,pomological ,society's list of fruits from #ahfb until #ahfi4 ,it resembles ,american ,heart but differs in being a tender-fleshed fruit of regular outline4 ,tree productive2 fruit hanging in bunches for a long time without rotting4 ,fruit borne in threes or fours1 hangs well1 of medium size1 roundish-cordate often nearly round2 stem long1 slender1 inserted in a slight1 narrow cavity2 skin very thin1 smooth1 glossy1 clear1 light amber becoming mottled and overspread with clear bright red2 flesh amber1 tender1 sprightly1 juicy1 usually of only fair quality2 pit large2 season the last of ,june to the middle of ,july4 ,american ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bjb4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agh1 #agi fig4 #gj4 #ahde4 #c4 ,bridgeman ,gard4 ,ass't ,pt4 #c3ed4 #ahdg4 ,according to ,downing1 this variety came from ,long ,island but its exact origin is unknown4 ,tree vigorous1 spreading1 variable in productiveness2 fruit medium to large1 cordate1 often nearly angular and irregular in outline2 cavity small1 shallow2 stem long1 slender2 skin tough1 adhering to the pulp1 pale yellow or amber-red2 flesh very juicy1 yellowish1 half-tender1 sweet1 pleasant2 very good in quality2 stone medium in size4 ,amos ,owen4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,n4 ,c4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ahd3aba4 #aijc4 ,amos ,owen is a black ,mazzard used by nurserymen as a stock for grafting4 ,the fruit is small and black2 of poor quality4 ,andrews4 ,species8 #a4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #ahg4 #aijh4 ,andrews is a seedling named after ,c4 ,n4 ,andrews1 ,redlands1 ,california1 who fruited it in #ahif4 ,it is grown in the mountain valley near ,redlands and is apparently a fine shipping variety4 ,anne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjd4 #ahed4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bed4 #aheg4 ,this cherry is reported by ,charles ,downing to have originated at ,lexington1 ,kentucky2 distributed by ,a4 ,v4 ,bedford1 ,paris1 ,kentucky4 ,tree moderate in growth2 fruit of medium size1 bright red2 flesh tender1 juicy1 very sweet2 quality excellent2 early4 ,annonay4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #bh4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,rivers ,cat4 #ah4 #ahih-ii4 #c4 ,bunyard-,thomas ,fr4 ,gard4 #dc4 #aijd4 ,annonayer ,herzkirsche4 #d4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,a ,heart cherry mentioned in #ahhb as a promising new fruit because of its extreme earliness and excellent quality4 ,this variety1 introduced by ,thomas ,rivers ,son1 ,sawbridgeworth1 ,england1 should not be confused with an older ,french sort often known by the same name but of a reddish-brown color4 ,tree moderate in growth2 fruit glossy1 black1 round1 of medium size1 produced in clusters2 flesh charcoal-black1 very rich in flavor4 ,anstad4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ont4 ,fr4 ,gr4 ,assoc4 ,rpt4 #ag4 #aijh4 ,a seedling from seeds planted in #ahih by ,a4 ,p4 ,anstad1 ,trail1 ,british ,columbia4 ,the fruit is large1 heart-shaped2 cavity of medium depth and width2 stem long1 slender2 apex depressed2 suture indistinct2 skin moderately thick1 tender1 dark red or blackish2 dots obscure2 flesh dull red1 meaty1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasant2 quality good2 stone of medium size1 clinging2 season in ,ontario1 the end of ,july4 ,argental ,late4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,barry ,fr4 ,garden #cbe4 #ahea4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dea4 #ahfi4 ,downing says this variety is of ,french origin and that the fruit is unlike any other cherry in form4 ,tree spreading2 branches slender1 irregular2 fruit of medium size1 elongated-oval1 sides compressed2 suture narrow2 stem medium in length1 slender2 cavity small2 skin deep purplish-black2 flesh half-tender1 juicy1 sweet1 of peculiar flavor2 quality very good2 stone small1 narrow1 elongated-oval2 ripens about ,july #ajth4 ,auburn ,duke4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 ,a stray variety not mentioned in cherry literature1 occasionally grown in western ,new ,york4 ,the fruit1 on the ,station grounds1 is above medium size1 roundish2 skin glossy1 amber-yellow with a dark red cheek1 often wholly suffused with red1 sometimes mottled with translucent spots underneath the skin2 suture a distinct line2 stem slender1 one and one-half inches long1 inserted in a broad cavity2 flesh white1 very tender1 juicy1 nearly sweet2 quality good but not rich2 stone small1 adhering to the stem2 season late ,june4 ,the fruit cracks in wet weather4 ,august ,duke4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,cultivator #crd ,ser4 #a3bdh fig41 #bdi4 #ahec4 ,vail's ,august ,duke4 #b4 ,horticulturist #d3bfd fig41 #bfe4 #ahdi-ej4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bac4 #ahed4 ,this variety originated with ,henry ,vail of ,troy1 ,new ,york4 ,it is valued for its lateness1 maturing three weeks after ,downer1 generally about the tenth of ,august4 ,tree hardy1 healthy1 moderate in growth2 fruit borne in pairs1 hanging in thick clusters along the branches1 of medium size1 obtuse-cordate2 stem of medium length1 thickening where it joins the fruit1 set in a deep1 narrow cavity2 skin bright red2 flesh tender1 subacid1 much like ,may ,duke in flavor2 pit oval4 ,augustine de ,vigny4 ,species8 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccc4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ed4 #ahef4 ,mentioned in the references given4 ,aurischotte4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ehi-eia4 #ahai4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fe4 #aheh4 ,according to ,truchsess1 this cherry was described in #ahjb by ,christ who states that it originated in ,wanfred1 ,prussia1 ,germany4 ,truchsess believed1 however1 that the name was a corruption of ,sauriotte1 a sour or ,weichsel cherry4 ,fruit round1 somewhat flattened1 above medium in size2 suture indistinct2 apex slightly depressed1 gray2 stem strong2 skin dark red2 flesh and juice of a slight reddish cast1 sour1 rather repulsive2 stone large4 ,badacsony4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #agg3ca4 #ahii4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ahg3fb4 #aija4 ,ganie de ,badacson4 #c4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bg1 #aid4 #ahgf4 ,badacsoner ,riesenkirsche4 #d4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccc4 #ahhi4 ,badacconyi4 #e4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #afi3aih4 #ahii4 ,badacsoner ,schwarze ,riesenkirsche4 #f4 ,reut4 ,pom4 ,inst4 ,festschrift #abb4 #aiaj4 ,badacsonyer ,knorpelkirsche4 #g4 ,obstzchter #h3gd4 #aiaj4 ,a strong-growing variety of the ,bigarreau group which originated in the volcanic regions near ,balaton ,lake1 ,hungary4 ,tree spreading1 productive1 subject to shot-hole fungus2 fruit very large1 heart-shaped1 compressed2 stem long1 slender2 cavity deep1 wide2 skin dark red1 mottled with purple2 flesh crisp1 breaking1 pinkish1 juicy1 sweet2 quality good2 ripens in ,july4 ,baender4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #hh3bj4 #ahib4 #b4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3ab4 #aiaj4 ,an unproductive ,morello4 ,tree medium in size1 upright1 round-topped2 fruit medium to large1 round1 flattened2 stem stout1 long2 skin dark red1 thin1 tender2 flesh firm1 meaty1 slightly stained1 rich acid2 stone long1 smooth2 ripens the last of ,july in ,washington4 ,baltavar4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #ci4 #ahie4 #b4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bhd4 #aijc4 ,bigarreau monstreux de ,baltava4 #c4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 ,baltavari4 #d4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #afi3aii4 #ahii4 ,baltavaer ,knorpelkirsche4 #e4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,baltavar was introduced from ,hungary by the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture4 ,tree upright1 somewhat spreading2 fruit resembles ,napoleon in size and shape2 cavity medium in depth1 irregular1 flaring2 stem variable1 slender2 suture shallow2 skin thick1 glossy1 light red changing to dark crimson on a yellow ground2 dots numerous1 minute1 golden2 flesh melting1 yellowish1 meaty1 translucent1 juicy1 sprightly1 mild subacid2 quality good to very good2 stone large1 long1 clinging2 ripens the forepart of ,july4 ,baluder ,morello4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,kan4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3ahi4 #ahig4 ,tree upright1 unproductive2 fruit medium to large2 stem slender2 skin dull red1 tough2 flesh red1 tender1 juicy1 acid1 lacking in richness2 ripens unevenly about ,june #ahth2 not a commercial variety4 ,barnhart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #ah3bdb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afa4 #ahha4 ,this variety originated with ,louis ,shepler1 ,belle ,vernon1 ,pennsylvania4 ,tree healthy1 vigorous1 bears abundantly2 fruit of the ,bigarreau type1 large1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly compressed2 cavity large1 deep2 stem rather long1 slender2 suture shallow2 skin whitish-yellow1 shaded and mottled with light and dark1 rich red2 flesh firm1 juicy1 sweet1 with a rich1 rather sprightly flavor2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,baseler ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 ,a medium-sized cherry of little value4 ,bates4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,green ,cat4 #bh fig4 #aijf4 ,said to have originated with ,s4 ,j4 ,bates1 ,shelby1 ,michigan2 introduced by ,c4 ,a4 ,green1 ,rochester1 ,new ,york2 not propagated at present4 ,as grown on our grounds it is identical with ,olivet but our trees may not be correctly named4 ,bay ,state4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,adams ,cat4 #aa4 #ahid4 #b4 ,sweet ,cat4 #ah4 #aijg4 ,bay ,state on the ,station grounds resembles ,reine ,hortense and may be identical4 7,see description of ,reine ,hortense47 ,in #ahid it was listed by ,j4 ,w4 ,adams of ,springfield1 ,massachusetts1 under the name ,bay ,state and in #aijg was offered for sale by ,the ,george ,a4 ,sweet ,nursery ,company of ,dansville1 ,new ,york4 ,baylor4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned in this reference4 ,bedford ,prolific4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #da1 ,pl4 fig4 #a4 #ahhb4 ,bedford ,prolific is similar to its parent1 ,black ,tartarian1 but has the advantage of being much hardier and more productive4 ,it is inferior in quality to its parent4 ,many writers confuse it with ,black ,tartarian4 ,belle ,audigeoise4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #e3fe1 ,pl4 #aheg4 ,schne ,audigeoise4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgf4 #ahhi4 ,very similar to ,choisy4 ,tree vigorous1 but moderately productive2 fruit large1 roundish1 flattened at the ends2 stem of medium length2 cavity large1 round2 skin glossy1 transparent1 almost entirely washed with red at complete maturity2 flesh yellowish1 juicy1 sweet1 acidulated2 ripens in ,france late in ,july4 ,belle ,bosc4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #de4 #ahca4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,belle de ,boskoop4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,listed in this reference without description4 ,belle de ,caux4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,listed as similar to ,duchess de ,palluau4 ,belle de ,couchey4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dab4 #ahff4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3acg1 #ach1 fig4 #fi4 #ahhb4 ,schne von ,couchey4 #c4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #eg4 #aijg4 ,raton1 a laborer1 found this variety in #agae1 growing in a garden in ,cote d',or1 ,france4 ,here and in the surrounding country it was commonly known as ,cerise ,raton4 ,tree vigorous1 abundantly productive2 fruit large1 heart-shaped1 irregular1 often flattened2 stem long1 slender1 inserted in a large1 deep cavity2 apex conical2 skin tender1 at first clear purple changing to blackish-purple2 flesh tender1 rather succulent1 intense purple1 juicy1 sweet1 sugary1 very pleasing2 stone small for the size of the fruit1 ovate1 short1 broad1 turgid2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,in ,france1 one of the best fruits of the season standing shipment well notwithstanding its tender flesh4 ,belle ,defay4 ,species8 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccd4 #ahhi4 ,listed without a description in this reference4 ,belle de ,franconville4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dfc4 #ahia4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ad1 #ae fig4 #ahib4 ,this variety is a chance seedling found in the forests of ,seine-et-,oise1 ,france1 and propagated by ,m4 ,arthur ,nienard1 a nurseryman of the same place4 ,the variety is valued for its lateness and its good shipping qualities4 ,fruit elongated-cordate1 slightly depressed2 suture rather deep2 cavity rather large1 regular2 stem slender1 long2 skin glossy1 brilliant purplish-red1 firm2 flesh clear yellow1 rather transparent1 juicy1 sprightly yet sugary1 agreeable but slightly strong2 pit oblong1 tapering at the top1 truncate1 partly adherent2 season late ,september in ,france4 ,belle l',herissier4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dgj1 ,pl4 #ahge4 ,this cherry was raised from seed in #ahfe by ,m4 ,doublet1 horticulturist at ,montrichard1 ,loir-et-,cher1 ,france4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit large1 usually borne in clusters1 depressed on the side1 with a faint suture2 stem very long1 slender1 adhering strongly to the pit2 skin a brilliant red but never black2 flesh pale red1 juicy1 sweet1 slightly sprightly2 quality very good2 pit irregular1 very small1 elongated2 ripens the middle of ,june in ,france4 ,belle de ,kis-,oers4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ac4 #ahie4 ,this is a ,hungarian cherry4 ,fruit of medium size1 elongated1 marbled with red2 flesh white1 sugary2 in ,france it ripens the middle of ,july4 ,belle de ,loche4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #be1 #ahg4 #ahgf4 ,this name is wrongly used as a synonym of ,magnifique4 ,distributed by ,jacquement-,bonnefont1 nurseryman at ,annonay1 ,ardche1 ,france1 who described it as a very good1 large1 productive fruit1 ripening in ,june4 ,belle d',orleans4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #af3ceh1 #edj fig4 #ahej4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #baa4 #ahef4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3hd1 #he fig41 #hf4 #ahff4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cad fig41 #cae4 #ahgg4 ,beauty of ,orleans4 #e4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ae fig41 #af4 #ahfg4 #f4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #dae4 #ahii4 ,belle de ,bruxelles4 #g4 ,guide ,prat4 #aj1 #ag1 #aha4 #ahie4 ,some writers state that ,thomas ,rivers1 ,sawbridgeworth1 ,england1 originated this variety about #aheb2 others hold that it is of ,french origin4 ,tree large1 very vigorous1 productive2 fruit usually attached in pairs1 medium to above in size1 roundish-oval or often cordate2 stem medium in length1 rather slender2 skin transparent1 clear pale yellow with a light red cheek1 occasionally slightly mottled2 flesh pale amber1 juicy1 tender1 sweet2 good in quality2 stone large1 roundish-obovate2 season early4 ,belle de ,ribeaucourt4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3bfi4 #ahed4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aha1 #baj4 #ahff4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3agj fig41 #aga4 #ahgg4 ,schne von ,ribeaucourt4 #d4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cce1 #cgg4 #ahhi4 ,this variety probably originated in ,northern ,france4 ,fruit globular1 flattened at the ends1 large1 usually borne in twos2 stem long2 cavity large1 deep2 skin transparent1 red1 more intense in the sun2 flesh yellow1 rose-colored under the skin1 sweet1 juicy1 acidulated2 pit small1 oval1 round2 ripens about the middle of ,june4 ,belle de ,rochelle4 ,species8 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ajfh4 #ahfa4 ,mentioned as remarkable for its size1 its abundant juice and rich flavor which are said to make it one of the best fruits of its season4 ,its long stems facilitate picking4 ,belle de ,rocmont4 ,p4 avium #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afg1 #afh4 #agfh4 ,glanzende goldgelb und roth marmorirte ,kramelkirsche4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3c1 ,tab4 #e fig4 #b4 #agib4 ,schne von ,rocmont4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #caa-caf4 #ahai4 ,pigeon's ,heart4 #d4 ,prince ,treat4 ,hort4 #cj4 #ahbh4 ,bigarreau belle de ,rocmond4 #e4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #df4 #ahca4 ,coeur de ,pigeon ,gros4 #f4 ,ibid4 #dh4 #ahca4 ,pigeon ,heart ,bigarreau4 #g4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abg4 #ahcb4 ,bigarreau de ,rocmont4 #h4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3,no4 #f1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 ,rocmonter ,marmorkirsche4 #i4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ci4 #aheh4 ,rothe ,spanische ,marmorkirsche4 #aj4 ,ibid4 #ci1 #dj4 #aheh4 ,belle de ,rocmont is so similar to ,yellow ,spanish that some writers consider them the same4 ,if not the same they are so nearly so that a description of this variety is unnecessary4 ,belle de ,saint ,tronc4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #aag4 #ahgh4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccd1 #cei4 #ahhi4 ,this ,heart cherry was introduced in #ahgc by ,m4 ,antonie1 ,marseilles1 ,bouches-du-,rhne1 ,france4 ,it is described by the ,french as a brownish-black cherry but ,rivers lists it as a light red sort4 ,fruit cordate2 stem short2 brownish-black2 flesh deep red1 juicy2 first quality2 early2 productive4 ,belle ,vezzouris4 ,species8 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bgh4 #aheg4 #b4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #ffd4 #ahig4 ,a medium to large1 light red1 somewhat transparent cherry with a subacid flavor2 quality good2 ripens with ,downer4 ,belle de ,voisery4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccd4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,similar to ,duchesse de ,palluau according to ,guide ,pratique4 ,bender 7of ,michigan74 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,wood ,cat4 #cb4 #aiab4 ,this is a seedling found by a man named ,bender near ,shelby1 ,michigan4 ,it ripens between ,early ,richmond and ,montmorency1 surpassing the latter in size1 color and quality2 sour4 ,bender 7of ,new ,york74 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 ,marguerite4 #a4 ,mc,kay ,cat4 #g4 #aiab4 ,this variety is an accidental seedling found by ,j4 ,o4 ,bender1 ,fayetteville1 ,new ,york1 about #ahge4 ,it is a late cherry of the ,duke group4 ,the fruit is attractive both in size and color1 making a valuable market sort4 ,fruit roundish-cordate to oblate1 compressed2 cavity medium1 flaring2 suture very shallow2 stem slender1 above medium in length2 skin of medium thickness and toughness1 separating from the pulp1 light red1 yellowish on the shaded side2 flesh pale yellow1 somewhat coarse and stringy1 tender1 melting1 subacid1 juicy2 good in quality2 stone large1 slightly clinging along the ventral suture4 ,very similar to ,late ,duke4 ,berlin ,amarelle4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #edi4 #aija4 ,a vigorous variety received from ,l4 ,spath1 ,berlin1 ,germany4 ,fruit medium to large1 oval2 skin glossy red2 flesh tender1 juicy1 pleasingly acid2 season from the middle to the last of ,july in ,canada4 ,bernard4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an4 #hh4 #ahfi4 ,described by ,d4 ,b4 ,wier1 ,lacon1 ,illinois1 as a seedling of the ,morello group4 ,tree vigorous1 pyramidal in growth2 fruit the size1 shape1 color and flavor of ,english ,morello but with a smaller pit4 ,bettenburger ,glaskirsche4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dde1 #ddf1 #fhi4 #ahai4 #b4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #aga fig41 #agb4 #ahfj4 ,transparent de ,bettenburg4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3gg1 #gh1 fig4 #cg4 #ahff-gc4 ,belle ,allemande4 #d4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 ,truchsess1 a ,german1 grew this variety from a stone of the ,prager ,muscateller1 in #agid4 ,the tree has a close growth and with its large1 wide leaves is easily recognized from other light ,duke cherries4 ,the fruit is often confused with ,double ,glass but the color is darker1 the stem longer and thicker1 the flavor sweeter1 and the season from eight to ten days later4 ,tree moderately vigorous2 fruit large1 cordate1 rather obtuse1 with a pronounced suture extending into the cavity2 stem long1 set in a smooth1 shallow cavity2 skin tough1 clear purple changing to dark red2 flesh yellowish-white1 transparent1 juicy1 not colored unless well ripened1 sweetish-sour1 slightly aromatic2 stone of medium size1 globular1 plump1 truncate at the base2 season late4 ,bettenburger ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #fe fig41 #ff4 #ahfj4 ,bettenburger ,schwarze ,herzkirsche4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #aae1 #aaf4 #ahai4 ,guigne de ,bettenbourg4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cja4 #ahff4 ,this variety is a seedling of a worthless black ,heart cherry1 raised by ,truchsess in #agid4 ,fruit very large1 flattened1 heart-shaped1 sides compressed2 stem short1 set in a shallow cavity2 apex slightly depressed2 skin tough1 deep dark-brown with light spots4 turning black when ripe2 flesh tender1 juicy1 very sweet2 stone almost small1 plump1 roundish2 season the last of ,june in ,germany4 ,bettenburger ,kirsche von der ,natte4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ejg-eaa4 #ahai4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fa4 #aheh4 ,a variety received by ,truchsess as ,kirsche von der ,natte and disseminated by him as such4 ,after a few years he found that it was not true to name and to avoid further confusion added the word ,bettenburger4 ,fruit large1 roundish1 flattened at the base2 suture indistinct2 stem short1 slender1 shallowly inserted2 skin tough1 dull1 dark brown1 inclined to black2 flesh dark red1 juicy1 aromatic1 subacid2 stone not large1 plump2 ripens the middle of ,july in ,germany4 ,bettenburger ,weichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fb1 #fc4 #aheh4 ,bettenburger ,weichsel ,grosser ,gobet4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #eba1 #ebb1 #ebc4 #ahai4 ,bettenburger ,weichsel von der ,natte4 #c4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #aga4 #ahbe4 ,griotte de ,bettenbourg4 #d4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bb1 #aid4 #ahgf4 ,this ,german variety came from seeds of ,grosse ,gobet planted by ,truchsess in #agid4 ,fruit very large1 sides compressed2 skin tough1 dark brownish-red2 flesh and juice dark1 pleasingly sour1 improves if left on the tree2 stone large1 cordate1 pointed4 ,bicolor ,van ,mons4 ,species8 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ii1 #bjh4 #ahff4 ,fruit medium in size1 slightly elongated2 attractively variegated with red2 of mediocre quality2 matures the last fortnight of ,june4 ,bigarreau ,abbesse de ,mouland4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccd4 #ahhi4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,bigarreau ,antoine ,nomblot4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #efi1 #egj1 ,pl4 #aiab4 ,in #aijc1 ,alfred ,nomblot planted what he believed to be a seed of ,bigarreau ,dnnissen but the resulting tree in many of its characters resembled ,bigarreau ,noir de ,kruger which stood near the supposed parent4 ,a cross between these varieties might result in a dark fruit similar to this4 ,tree vigorous1 upright1 very productive2 fruit above medium in size1 cordate1 attached in ones1 twos and threes2 stem long2 skin marbled with purple changing to black2 flesh firm1 sugary1 juicy1 high flavored2 pit small1 ovoid2 early4 ,recommended by the ,socit ,pomologique de ,france as a good1 early cherry4 ,bigarreau ,blanc ,prcoce4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3add4 #ahhb4 ,a short description of the tree-characters is given in this reference4 ,bigarreau ,blanc-,ros de ,pimont4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,matures late2 according to ,guide ,pratique1 #ahie1 it is very similar to ,napoleon4 ,bigarreau ,bordan4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ahc1 #ahd fig4 #ahgg4 ,bordans frhe weisse ,herzkirsche4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bg4 #aheh4 ,bordans ,herzkirsche4 #c4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ig fig41 #ih4 #ahfj4 #d4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aig4 #ahgf4 ,guigne ,blanche de ,bordan4 #e4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ig1 #ih1 #bjh4 #ahff4 ,this variety was raised by ,m4 ,bordan of ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 and was first described by ,oberdieck4 ,leroy lists it as a ,bigarreau as he believes the flesh is too firm for a ,guigne as many ,germans have described it4 ,tree hardy1 productive2 fruit usually borne in pairs1 elongated-cordate1 sides and base often compressed2 suture shallow2 stem long1 slender1 set in a wide1 deep cavity2 skin glossy1 yellowish1 spotted and streaked with red1 becoming almost entirely washed with red in the sun2 flesh tender1 whitish1 juicy1 sugary1 slightly acidulated1 pleasing2 stone medium1 oval1 turgid2 season early4 ,bigarreau de ,bourget4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cce4 #ahhi4 ,listed without a description by ,mathieu4 ,bigarreau ,brun4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce4 #agga4 ,not described4 ,bigarreau de ,capucins4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 ,n4 ,s4 #ai3bee4 #ahhc4 ,kapuziner ,knorpel4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfd4 #ahhi4 ,this variety is little known out of ,belgium4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit large1 obtuse-oblong1 regular1 depressed at the ends2 skin amber-yellow1 blushed with red2 flesh white1 crisp1 juicy4 ,bigarreau de la ,caserne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ffc4 #ahff4 ,according to the reference this variety is spoken of in ,la ,belgique ,horticole as a variety with prodigious leaves1 yellow fruit dashed with red and of good quality4 ,bigarreau ,cayenne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ahf fig4 #ahgg4 ,cayenner ,knorpelkirsche4 #c4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,this variety was received by ,leroy in #aheg from ,angouleme1 ,charente1 ,france4 ,fruit generally borne in pairs2 of medium size1 oval1 somewhat cylindrical1 compressed at the extremities1 with a large1 rather deep suture2 apex generally prominent2 stem long2 cavity broad and regular2 skin thick1 yellow1 washed with pale red changing to lively red in the sun2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 brittle1 juicy1 sweet1 slightly sugary and aromatic2 pit large1 oval1 slightly convex2 ripens the last of ,june to the first of ,july4 ,bigarreau de ,chlons4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aca1 #acb1 #bji4 #ahff4 ,a local variety1 widely known in the departments of ,jura and ,sane-et-,loire1 ,france1 as ,chlonnaise4 ,fruit large1 roundish-cordate1 depressed at the base1 one face flattened1 the other bulged2 suture slight2 stem short2 skin a deep purple tint in the sun1 spotted with clear red in the shade2 flesh white or of a slight rose color1 with uncolored juice1 sugary1 aromatic2 pit small2 season the middle of ,june4 ,bigarreau de ,champvans4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,this is an excellent cherry of the ,bigarreau type with colored juice and transparent skin1 which originated in the department of ,sane-et-,loire1 ,france2 said in the second reference to be similar to ,napoleon4 ,bigarreau ,corniola4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3aia1 #aib fig4 #ahgg4 ,the name ,corniola is derived from cornaline1 the ,french for cornelian4 ,tree medium in size and productiveness2 fruit attached in twos or threes1 large1 roundish1 slightly compressed at the ends and faces2 suture deep2 stem short1 set in a rather deep cavity2 skin whitish-yellow1 largely washed with rose color and spotted with deep carmine2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 not fibrous1 juicy1 sugary1 slightly acidulated2 first quality2 season early ,june4 ,bigarreau ,court ,picout ,htif4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,listed in this reference4 ,bigarreau ,court ,picout ,tardif4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,bigarreau ,dnnissen4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #af1 #ahi4 #ahgf4 ,dnnissens gelbe ,knorpelkirsche4 #b4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #afb4 #ahbe4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3dd4 #aheh4 #d4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ade fig41 #adf4 #ahfj4 ,bigarreau jaune de ,dnissen4 #e4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cjd4 #ahff4 ,this variety is a seedling from ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 named for the originator2 it fruited first about #ahbd4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit attached in twos1 sometimes threes1 large1 roundish-cordate2 suture slight2 stem long1 rather stout2 cavity broad1 shallow2 skin glossy1 transparent1 yellowish-orange when ripe2 flesh whitish1 firm1 slightly fibrous1 moderately juicy1 sugary1 pleasingly acidulated2 first quality2 pit large1 ovoid1 plump2 ripens the last of ,june to the first of ,july4 ,bigarreau ,dor4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ae4 #ahie4 ,fruit yellow1 round4 ,bigarreau ,double ,royale4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3aie fig41 #aif4 #ahgg4 ,knigliche ,fleischkirsche4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3cd4 #aheh4 ,knigliche ,herzkirsche4 #c4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #dfg fig41 #dfh4 #ahfa4 ,guigne ,royale4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cja4 #ahff4 ,the fact that ,oberdieck received this variety from the ,socit ,horticole de ,prague under the ,french name ,double ,royale leads us to believe1 as does ,leroy1 that it is of ,french rather than of ,austrian origin as many ,german writers hold4 ,tree vigorous2 fruit usually borne in pairs1 large1 cordate1 rather abrupt at the ends2 stem long1 slender2 cavity shallow2 suture almost indistinct2 skin glossy1 reddish-brown to nearly black2 flesh moderately tender1 red1 juicy1 vinous1 sweet2 quality very good2 pit small1 ovoid1 turgid2 ripens about the middle of ,june4 ,bigarreau ,dur4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #df4 #ahca4 ,listed in this reference without description4 ,bigarreau ,duranno4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3aia4 #ahgg4 ,this variety is first mentioned by ,leroy in #ahfh1 appearing in his catalog of #ahge incorrectly as ,bigarreau ,duracino4 ,the trees are used for stocks4 ,fruit large1 roundish-cordate1 uneven2 suture narrow2 stem long1 slender2 skin deep red in the sun2 flesh firm1 dry1 acidulated1 sugary2 matures early in ,july4 ,bigarreau ,galopin4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned in this reference4 ,bigarreau ,glady4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bjf fig4 #ahgg4 ,this variety was sent from the ,jumard nursery about #ahej to ,eugne ,glady1 ,bordeaux1 ,france4 ,fruit above medium in size1 cordate1 elongated2 stem of medium length1 set in a straight1 deep cavity2 skin brownish-red1 striped with carmine2 flesh a light rose color1 firm1 crisp1 juicy1 sugary1 slightly acidulated2 first quality2 pit of medium size2 ripens the first of ,june4 ,bigarreau ,grand4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #g3,no4 #ac1 ,pl4 #ac4 #ahga4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ae4 #ahie4 ,this cherry was introduced into the vicinity of ,lyons1 ,france1 in #ahdi by ,m4 ,grand who probably brought it from his nurseries in ,italy4 ,it has many characters in common with ,lyons4 ,tree moderately vigorous1 productive2 fruit large1 roundish-cordate1 truncate at the base2 suture wide1 deep2 stem medium1 straight1 set in a wide1 deep cavity2 skin thin1 smooth1 changing from a whitish-green to a rose-red and later to a deep crimson2 flesh fine1 half-tender1 rose-colored1 lighter near pit1 with pale juice1 sugary1 aromatic2 good2 pit large1 oval2 season very early4 ,bigarreau ,groll4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ace fig41 #acf4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bjg fig41 #bjh4 #ahgg4 ,grolls bunte ,knorpelkirsche4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cbh1 #cbi4 #ahai4 ,bigarreau blanc de ,groll4 #d4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag1 #ahb4 #ahie4 ,this seedling from ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 bearing the name of its originator1 has been known and rather widely written about since early in the ,nineteenth ,century4 ,tree of moderate vigor2 fruit generally borne in pairs1 large1 cordate1 truncate at the base2 sides compressed and marked by a suture2 stem long1 set in a wide1 shallow cavity2 skin red1 becoming darker1 spotted and streaked2 flesh yellowish1 somewhat firm1 juicy1 aromatic2 first quality2 stone large1 oval2 ripens in ,june and hangs for a long time4 ,bigarreau ,gros ,noir de ,luther4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,bigarreau ,htif de ,champagne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,found at ,champagne1 ,ain1 ,france1 and introduced in #ahgc by ,m4 ,fandon4 ,the tree is an erect1 vigorous grower2 fruit large1 brownish-black1 ripening two weeks before ,lyons2 of little value4 ,bigarreau ,htif de ,saint-,laud4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ajg1 #ajh1 fig4 #ed4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccg4 #ahhi4 ,fruit large1 cordate1 slightly irregular in outline2 stem rather short1 set in a wide1 round cavity2 skin clear red1 striped with deeper red changing to purple2 flesh rather tender1 tinged red1 with abundant colored juice1 sugary1 vinous2 good2 pit small1 ovoid1 slightly compressed2 matures the middle of ,june4 ,bigarreau d',italie4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ajb-ajd1 #bai1 fig4 #ba4 #ahff4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3baa1 #bab fig4 #ahgg4 ,bohemian ,black ,bigarreau4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #gf1 #id4 #ahff4 ,black ,bohemian4 #d4 ,fish ,hardy-,fr4 ,bk4 #b3ajd4 #ahhb4 ,this old variety was much esteemed by the ,italians and later by the ,belgians who grew it as early as #ahae2 it is of more recent introduction into ,france and ,england4 ,it is sometimes confused with the ,florence of ,hogg and ,downing4 ,fruit roundish1 slightly heart-shaped1 flattened at both ends2 suture distinct2 stem thick1 short1 inserted in an acute1 deep cavity2 skin firm1 thick1 glossy1 very deep purple changing to black2 flesh firm1 dark1 juicy1 sugary1 aromatic2 pit medium1 roundish-oval1 convex1 suture and grooves prominent2 season the last two weeks of ,june4 ,bigarreau ,jacquet4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccg4 #ahhi4 ,listed in this reference4 ,bigarreau ,jumard4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict ,pom4 #e3 #bjf4 #ahgg4 ,mentioned as having been received by ,eugne ,glady1 ,bordeaux1 ,gironde1 ,france1 in a shipment of trees received about #ahej from the ,jumard nursery4 ,bigarreau ,krger4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bae1 #baf fig4 #ahgg4 ,bigarreau noir de ,krger4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bb1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,krger's ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cff4 #ahhi4 ,this variety was introduced into ,france by ,m4 ,eugne ,glady1 #aheh1 from ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 and is thought to have been originated by one of the ,krger family4 ,tree vigorous1 bears early2 fruit large to above1 cordate1 more or less roundish1 faces compressed2 suture wide2 stem long1 slender1 set in a large cavity2 skin yellowish-white1 mingled with red1 changing to brownish2 flesh pale yellow1 rather firm1 slightly fibrous1 juicy1 sweet though sprightly2 pit large1 elongated-oval1 flat2 ripens toward the middle of ,june4 ,bigarreau ,legrey4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #gd4 #ahff4 ,a small1 cordate-shaped ,bigarreau1 more curious than useful4 ,bigarreau de ,lory4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bje4 #ahai4 ,bigarreau de ,loire4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned as a medium-sized1 dark brownish-red1 firm-fleshed fruit4 ,bigarreau ,marjolet4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #g4 #ahie4 ,guigne ,marjolet4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ace1 #acf1 fig4 #fh4 #ahhb4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfj4 #ahhi4 ,bigarreau ,marjeollais4 #d4 ,ibid4 #ccg4 #ahhi4 ,marjolets ,knorpelkirsche4 #e4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #eg4 #aijg4 ,the descriptions of the ,guigne ,marjolet and the ,bigarreau ,marjolet are identical and we have combined the two4 ,the variety was named after its originator1 ,m4 ,marjolet2 tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit large1 roundish-cordate1 dark red2 flesh tender1 red1 vinous1 pleasing2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,bigarreau ,mongin4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #dhb4 #aijd4 ,tree of medium growth2 fruit medium in size1 cordate2 stem long1 inserted in a deep cavity2 skin clear yellow blushed with red2 flesh yellowish-white1 tender1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasant2 ripens in ,july in ,canada4 ,bigarreau ,monstreuse de ,bavay4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bce4 #ahed4 ,spoken of1 in #ahed1 as promising but evidently it has been discarded as no reference has been made to it since that date4 ,it may be ,reine ,hortense4 ,bigarreau ,moreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #eeb1 #eec1 ,pl4 #aiac4 ,this cherry recently originated as a chance seedling near ,lyons1 ,france1 several persons claiming the honor of its discovery4 ,its value was discussed at the meetings of the ,socit ,pomologique de ,france in #aiji and #aiaa when it was adjudged by leading ,french pomologists to be one of the earliest of all varieties1 earlier than ,lyons1 and showing high commercial possibilities4 ,tree handsome in type of growth1 with open1 somewhat erect branches2 leaves large1 deeply serrate2 fruit very large2 color beautiful clear red becoming darker at maturity2 flesh white1 breaking1 very firm1 with uncolored juice1 sweet1 very refreshing2 stone medium to small2 season in ,france very early4 ,bigarreau ,napolon ,noir4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 ,bigarreau ,noir ,napolon ,,iii4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bbg fig41 #bbh4 #ahgg4 ,napolon ,noir4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cjg4 #ahhd4 ,herzkirsche ,napolon ,,iii4 #d4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfb4 #ahhi4 ,the origin of this cherry is uncertain4 ,leroy first noted it in the ,simon-,louis catalog in #ahfg4 ,to avoid confusion with the well-known ,napoleon1 he added the number ,,iii4 ,fruit usually attached in pairs1 large1 varying from elongated-oval to cylindrical2 stem long1 set in a large cavity2 color dull red changing to deep maroon2 flesh rose-colored1 moderately firm1 very juicy1 sweet2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,bigarreau ,noir d',ecully4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cch4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #ebb4 #aijf4 ,ecullyer ,knorpelkirsche4 #c4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit medium in size1 black at maturity2 flesh firm1 crisp1 dark1 vinous1 sugary1 juicy1 good2 late4 ,bigarreau ,noir ,gros ,fruits4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,le ,bon ,jard4 #cde4 #ahhb4 ,fruit large1 flattened2 flesh firm1 sweet2 first quality2 ripens early in ,june4 ,bigarreau ,noir de ,heintzen4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bb1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,heintzen's 7,heintze's7 ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfb4 #ahhi4 ,this is said to be a very good and productive cherry ripening in the fifth week of the cherry season4 ,bigarreau ,noir de ,tabor4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ai1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,tabors schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 #b4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #gi fig41 #hj4 #ahfj4 ,tree vigorous1 upright2 fruit of medium size1 cordate1 often obtuse2 sides compressed2 suture but a line2 stem medium long2 cavity variable2 skin glossy1 dark reddish-brown2 flesh firm1 dark red1 sweet1 rich2 stone small1 roundish2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,bigarreau d',octobre4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bdc4 #aheh4 ,oktober-,knorpelkirsche4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ch4 #aheh4 ,this variety was refused a place on the ,american ,pomological ,society's fruit list in #aheh4 ,fruit small1 oval to roundish-cordate1 flattened at the cavity2 stem short2 skin black1 glossy2 stone large1 oval2 good4 ,bigarreau de l',once4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aij4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3e1 #f1 fig4 #c4 #ahhb4 ,it is thought that this variety originated in the vicinity of ,nice1 ,alpes-,maritimes1 ,france4 ,fruit very large1 elongated-cordate2 suture distinct on one side1 a colored line on the other side2 stem very long1 slender2 cavity deep1 large2 skin a clear cherry-red on a yellow ground2 flesh yellowish1 crisp1 firm1 sweet1 refreshing1 with abundant1 uncolored juice2 quality good2 pit large2 season the first of ,july4 ,bigarreau ,pourpr4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,gros ,bigarreau pourpr4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3bab1 #bae1 #bah4 #ahff4 ,tree vigorous2 fruit large1 roundish-cordate2 skin deep reddish-brown2 flesh firm1 good2 ripens early in ,july4 ,bigarreau ,printanier d',oullins4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned in this reference4 ,bigarreau ,reverchon4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3acc4 #ahff4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bce fig41 #chb4 #ahgg4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bhe4 #ahhd4 ,m4 ,paul ,reverchon introduced this variety about #ahee1 into ,france from ,italy1 where it had long been known about ,florence as ,bigarreau ,papal4 ,tree vigorous1 moderately productive2 fruit attached in ones or twos1 large1 obtuse-cordate1 marked distinctly on one side by the suture2 stem thick1 short1 set in a prominent cavity2 skin smooth1 glossy1 tough1 rose-yellow streaked with purple in the sun and with red in the shade2 flesh light red1 crisp1 fibrous1 moderately juicy1 rather sweet2 pit small1 ovoid1 plump2 season the last of ,june to the first of ,july4 ,bigarreau ,richelieu4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bce1 #bcf fig4 #ahgg4 ,this variety1 says ,leroy1 was introduced into ,france from ,nikita1 ,crimea1 ,russia1 about #aheh4 ,fruit borne in pairs1 large1 elongated-cordate1 with one side flattened2 stem long1 inserted in a small mamelonated cavity2 skin glossy1 yellowish-amber1 with a rose-colored blush in the sun2 flesh firm1 breaking1 filamentose1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 first quality2 stone of medium size1 elongated-cordate2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,bigarreau ,rosa4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bci fig4 #ahgg4 ,tree moderately productive2 fruit usually borne in pairs1 large1 elongated-cordate1 faces flattened2 suture wide1 deep2 stem long1 rather stout1 set in a wide cavity2 skin yellowish on rose-colored ground1 amply washed with brilliant red on which are scattered small1 white dots2 flesh yellowish-white1 firm1 compact1 filamentose1 juicy1 uncolored1 rather sugary1 acidulated1 aromatic2 second quality2 pit large1 turgid2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,bigarreau ,rose ,dragon4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #if4 #ahgg4 ,reported by the ,committee on ,foreign ,fruits in #ahgg as worthy of trial but not grown at present4 ,fruit large1 pale yellow1 with a red cheek2 flesh firm1 juicy1 sweet1 good2 season the middle of ,july4 ,bigarreau de ,schrecken4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,schreckens ,kirsche4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgg4 #ahhi4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit large1 obtuse-cordate2 brownish-black1 glossy2 flesh moderately firm2 first quality2 matures in mid-,june4 ,bigarreau ,stri4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aad1 #aae1 #bjh4 #ahff4 ,fruit large1 elongated-cordate1 faces compressed2 suture wide2 stem short1 rather stout2 skin many shades of red and purple on a rose-colored ground with flesh-colored spots2 flesh reddish1 firm1 crisp1 sweet2 juice slightly colored2 quality fair2 stone small2 season early2 deteriorates rapidly4 ,bigarreau de ,trie4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #ac4 #ahhg4 ,origin unknown1 but rather widely cultivated around ,trie1 ,hautes-,prynes1 ,france4 ,tree vigorous2 fruit of medium size1 roundish1 compressed1 slightly cordate2 stem long1 slender2 skin tough1 deep red1 transparent1 with a slight blush of amber2 flesh whitish-yellow1 very firm1 juicy1 uncolored1 sugary1 aromatic2 good2 season early ,july4 ,bigarreau ,trochets4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bb4 #ahgf4 ,an extremely productive variety distributed in some parts of ,france2 fruit large1 red2 flesh brittle2 ripens in late ,june4 ,bigarreau ,turca4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bdg1 #bdh fig4 #ahgg4 ,this old cherry was described in #aghe as ,heaume ,rouge but was found in #ahfb by ,leroy in ,florence1 ,italy1 as ,bigarreau ,turca by which name it was well known4 ,it is probably not of ,turkish origin as the name would indicate4 ,fruit often borne in pairs1 large1 obtuse-cordate2 suture noticeable but not deep2 stem short2 cavity spacious2 color deep red1 lightly spotted with gray2 flesh rather firm1 fibrous1 mottled with light red becoming darker near the pit1 juicy1 sweet1 sprightly2 pit large1 ovoid1 plump2 ripens late in ,june4 ,bigarreau de ,walpurgis4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bej fig4 #ahgg4 ,st4 ,walpurgiskirsche4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ce4 #aheh4 ,walpurgiskirsche4 #c4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #da fig41 #db4 #ahfg4 ,cerise ,walpurgis4 #d4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3aeg1 #aeh1 fig4 #gg4 #ahff-gc4 ,this variety is a seedling from the village of ,walpurgisburg1 near ,cologne1 ,germany1 originating about #ahde4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit attached in pairs1 very large1 roundish-cordate1 compressed2 suture shallow1 extending entirely around the fruit2 stem slender1 rather long2 cavity wide1 shallow1 sides only slightly raised2 skin firm1 adherent1 glossy1 dark cherry-red changing to almost black2 flesh firm1 dark red1 juicy1 aromatic1 vinous2 pit of medium size1 oval1 dark red2 ripens late in ,july4 ,bigarreau de ,zeisberg4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,zeisbergische ,kirsche4 #b4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ca fig41 #cb4 #ahfg4 ,cerise de ,zeisberg4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ce1 #cf1 fig4 #ah4 #ahhb4 ,oberdieck received this variety1 which bears the name of its originator1 from ,hanover1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 in #aheg4 ,fruit very large1 obtuse-cordate2 suture wide1 flat on the dorsal side1 extending slightly beyond the apex2 stem long1 rather slender1 set in a flaring cavity2 skin glossy1 brownish-black1 later becoming black1 adhering to the pulp2 flesh firm1 dark red1 juicy1 pleasant1 with an aromatic sweetness when mature2 season the last of ,june4 ,bigarreau ,zschedowitzer ,schwarze4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bc4 #ahgf4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,bigarreautier ,petit ,fruit ,noir4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejc4 #ahfj4 ,a mediocre but productive cherry ripening in ,august4 ,bigarreautier ,petit ,fruit ,rose4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejc4 #ahfj4 ,a variety raised from seed in #ahbd2 tree vigorous2 stem long2 flesh tender1 white1 sugary2 quality fair2 ,july4 ,bill and ,coo4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ded4 #ahfi4 ,two lovers made the original tree their haunt1 hence1 the name ,bill and ,coo4 ,this variety originated on the grounds of ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,fruit of medium size1 regular heart-shaped1 flattened at the apex2 stem long1 slender2 cavity deep2 suture broad on one side1 the opposite side knobby2 color amber-yellow1 marbled with clear red2 flesh rich1 delicate1 sweet2 ripens early in ,june4 ,bismarck4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hoopes1 ,bro4 ,thomas ,cat4 #bj4 #aijg4 ,this variety is a ,sweet ,cherry from near ,baltimore1 ,maryland4 ,fruit very large1 dark red1 firm1 sweet1 juicy and rich2 vigorous and productive2 ripens the first of ,july4 ,black ,american4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 ,listed without description in this reference4 ,black ,bigarreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce1 #cg1 #ch4 #agga4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acj4 #ahcb4 ,bigarreau htif4 #c4 ,le ,bond ,jard4 #cde4 #ahhb4 ,bigarreau noir ,htif4 #d4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bhe4 #ahhd4 ,black ,bigarreau is an old variety of unknown origin quite distinct from any others of its class4 ,tree productive2 fruit medium to large1 heart-shaped1 obscurely flattened2 stem long2 skin at first dotted with red1 later becoming black1 glossy2 flesh firm1 rather dry1 with dark colored juice1 breaking1 sweet2 not high in quality2 ripens the last of ,june and the first of ,july4 ,black ,bigarreau of ,savoy4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahe4 #ahde4 #b4 ,ibid4 #bef4 #aheg4 ,new ,large ,black ,bigarreau4 #c4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bcd1 #bce4 #ahda4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahe4 #ahde4 #e4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #af3ech fig41 #eci4 #ahej4 ,large ,black ,bigarreau of ,savoy4 #f4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bea4 #ahdb4 ,walsh ,seedling4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aif1 #aig4 #ahed4 ,bigarreau noir de ,savoie4 #h4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3cc1 #cd1 fig4 #ae4 #ahff-gc4 ,the original tree of this variety was brought from the south of ,france by the father of ,george ,walsh1 ,charlestown1 ,massachusetts4 ,the tree came into bearing about #ahdj4 ,in #ahda1 fruits were exhibited from trees introduced into ,american collections from ,italy as ,new ,large ,black ,bigarreau1 and were thought by several people to be the ,black ,bigarreau of ,savoy4 ,until #aheg1 all writers held these two varieties to be distinct but ,downing then declared them to be the same and on his authority we combine the two4 ,tree vigorous1 handsome2 fruit large1 regular1 cordate1 slightly obtuse2 stem long1 rather stout1 set in a narrow1 even cavity2 skin smooth1 not very glossy1 nearly black when mature2 flesh dark purplish-red1 firm1 juicy1 sweet1 rich1 slightly adherent to the stone2 pit rather large2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,black ,hungarian ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,a round1 black ,guigne of second quality with tender1 transparent flesh2 used for dessert4 ,black ,margaret4 ,species8 #a4 ,watkins ,cat4 #cb4 #ahib4 ,described as a fine1 black1 very late1 ,english cherry4 ,black ,prolific4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,black ,spanish4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #agg-ahj4 #ahai4 ,schwarze oder ,spte ,herzkirsche4 #c4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #fj1 #fa4 #agij4 ,spanish4 #d4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bag4 #ahce4 ,schwarze ,spanische ,knorpelkirsche4 #e4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3cg4 #aheh4 ,bigarreau noir d',espagne4 #f4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bc1 #ahi4 #ahgf4 ,this is an old variety first mentioned by the ,english and in all probability is of ,english origin4 ,it has been greatly confused by some ,german writers with other black cherries but ,truchsess maintains that if placed beside the ,grosse ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche and the ,grosse ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche mit ,festem ,fleische1 the two with which it is most often confused1 differences could be noted especially as to firmness of flesh and smallness of pit4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-cordate1 compressed2 suture distinct2 stem slender1 short2 cavity small1 smooth1 shallow2 skin dark reddish-brown changing to black1 lighter along the suture2 flesh more tender than in most hard-fleshed sorts1 dark red1 sweet2 stone small1 adhering before fully mature1 colored2 ripens early in ,july or earlier4 ,black ,turkey ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,watkins ,cat4 #cb4 #ahib4 ,fruit large1 black1 late2 suitable for market and home use4 ,blasse ,johanni ,kirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bc4 #ahgf4 ,received by ,thomas with a recommendation from ,baron ,emanuel ,trauttenberg of ,prague4 ,bocage4 ,species8 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,this variety is said1 in ,guide ,pratique1 #ahie1 to be similar to ,carnation1 a ,sour ,cherry1 while ,thomas says it is similar to ,reine ,hortense1 a hybrid sort4 ,bohemian ,queen4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,can4 ,hort4 #ac3ajd4 #ahij4 ,this variety is said to come true to seed2 to be similar in fruit-characters to ,ostheim1 though larger and more fleshy2 to be productive and a cherry of good flavor2 and to succeed well in moist land4 ,bon ,bon4 ,species8 #a4 ,childs ,cat4 #aec fig4 #ahic4 ,a very early1 large1 dark red1 juicy cherry2 ships well and bears regularly4 ,book4 ,species8 #a4 ,pa4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,rpt4 ,pt4 #a3dbg4 #aijb4 ,this is a local variety recommended by ,john ,weitzel1 ,bethesda1 ,lancaster ,county1 ,pennsylvania4 ,fruit medium to large1 dark red2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,boppard4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #dae4 #ahii4 ,boppard's ,early4 #b4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3eh4 #aijj4 ,bopparder ,frhkirsche4 #c4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,tree vigorous2 fruit large1 obtuse-cordate2 skin glossy1 dark red2 flesh red1 firm1 juicy1 sweet4 ,boquet ,morello4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gh4 #ahij4 ,amarelle ,boquet4 #b4 ,ibid4 #cca4 #ahhe4 #c4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aaj4 #aijj4 ,this is one of ,budd's importations of #ahhc1 according to the third reference4 ,it is often confused with the ,boquet ,amarelle of the ,french4 ,the fruit resembles ,early ,richmond in size1 shape1 season and color1 differing only in its flesh being more firm1 its pit smaller1 and the tree less productive2 of no value commercially4 ,boreatton4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bae4 #ahed4 ,a small1 roundish-cordate1 nearly black ,sweet ,cherry1 with half-tender flesh2 poor quality2 ripens in mid-,july4 ,boughton ,early ,black ,duke4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,boulebonner ,kirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #dg fig41 #dh4 #ahfg4 ,bigarreau ,htif ,boulbon4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ajc1 #ajd1 fig4 #eb4 #ahhb4 ,this cherry was introduced into ,belgium from ,france some years previous to #ahfg4 ,tree not vigorous1 but productive2 fruit large1 broadly cordate1 variable in size and form1 sides compressed2 suture distinct1 deepest near the cavity2 apex slightly depressed2 stem slender1 usually long1 set in a wide1 shallow cavity2 skin a glossy1 rose-red color with a yellowish tinge1 dotted and streaked with clear blood-red and washed with dark purplish-red2 flesh yellowish-white1 reddish-white under the skin1 firm1 juicy1 rich1 pleasing2 stone large1 oval1 somewhat flattened1 with a short point2 partially clinging2 ripens the last of ,june and1 according to ,oberdieck1 hangs during wet seasons without cracking4 ,bount ,dantzic4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,bouquet-,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bc4 #aheh4 #b4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #g fig41 #h4 #ahfg4 ,the tree of this variety has the growth of a ,sweet ,cherry with small1 black1 ,heart fruits borne like the cluster cherries1 one1 two1 three and four on the stem4 ,the single fruits are roundish-cordate1 with flattened ends while the double and triple fruits are more narrow and elongated2 the fruit matures unevenly1 having green1 red and black fruits at the same time2 pit roundish-oval1 slightly pointed at the base1 somewhat larger in the double fruits4 ,bouquetweichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bia4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #eai1 #ebj1 #eba4 #ahai4 ,this cherry was received by ,truchsess in #agif from ,mayer under the name ,bouquet-kirsche4 ,many of the flowers have six1 seven1 eight1 and occasionally as high as twelve petals1 with two or three pistils4 ,fruit usually very small1 attached to a long1 stiff1 woody stem shallowly inserted2 round1 flattened beneath2 suture shallow2 flesh and juice reddish-black1 with a bitterish-sour flavor1 which it loses if allowed to remain on the tree2 pit of medium size4 ,boussieuer ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,a variegated ,sweet ,cherry4 ,bowers' ,seedlings4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3fd4 #aijc4 ,three seedlings originated with ,john ,bowers1 ,sigourney1 ,iowa4 ,no4 #a4--;,fruit medium1 dark red2 juice colorless2 quality fair4 ,no4 #b4--,tree hardy2 bears regularly2 fruit large1 oblate1 roundish2 stem long1 slender2 skin dark red2 juice colorless2 fair in quality2 late4 ,no4 #c4--;,fruit large1 red to dark red2 juice slightly colored1 mild subacid2 of very good quality4 ,bowyer ,early ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 #b4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bcd4 #ahda4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ae1 #af1 fig4 #h4 #ahhb4 ,boyer's ,early4 #d4 ,hooper ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #bfi4 #aheg4 #e4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #ffe4 #ahig4 ,roberts' ,red4 #f4 ,hooper ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #bfi4 #aheg4 ,this variety probably originated in ,england nearly a century ago4 ,some writers confuse it with ,early ,white ,heart but the two are undoubtedly distinct4 ,tree vigorous1 round-topped1 hardy1 productive2 fruit medium in size1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly compressed2 cavity shallow1 wide2 suture distinct2 stem variable in length2 skin of medium thickness1 pale amber-yellow overspread with light red2 flesh whitish1 tender1 juicy1 sweet1 sprightly1 refreshing2 very good in quality2 stone of medium size1 short-ovate1 plump1 blunt at the apex2 season early4 ,boyd ,early ,black4 ,species8 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ach4 #ahha4 ,mentioned in a report from ,ohio as a variety of great superiority and value4 ,brandon4 ,p4 pumila4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #cec4 #ahif4 ,a prolific seedling of ,prunus pumila2 introduced by the ,manitoba ,station4 ,brandywine4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,horticulturist ,n4 ,s4 #e3dib1 ,pl4 #ahee4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #beh4 #aheg4 ,john ,r4 ,brinckle1 ,wilmington1 ,delaware1 produced this variety from a seed of ,white ,bigarreau grown near ,may ,duke4 ,it fruited for the first time in #ahea4 ,tree vigorous1 spreading1 productive2 fruit above medium in size1 roundish1 obtuse-cordate2 suture indistinct2 stem long1 slender2 cavity shallow1 small2 skin yellowish1 mottled and marbled with light crimson1 glossy2 flesh semi-transparent1 tender1 very juicy1 sprightly1 acidulous2 stone rather large2 season the last of ,june2 recommended for culinary uses4 ,brant4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aia fig4 #ahed4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #beh4 #aheg4 ,brant was grown by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 about the middle of the ,nineteenth ,century1 from a pit of ,yellow ,spanish4 ,tree vigorous1 spreading2 fruit large1 roundish-cordate1 uneven1 sides slightly compressed2 stem medium1 set in an angular cavity2 skin thin1 lively purplish-red changing to dark purplish2 flesh dark purplish-red with indistinct white lines radiating from the center1 tender1 with abundant1 colored juice1 sweet and richly flavored2 pit medium in size1 roundish-oval1 nearly smooth2 season from the middle of ,june to the first of ,july4 ,brassington4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,call ,cat4 #e1 fig4 #aiac4 ,a chance seedling found in ,oceana ,county1 ,michigan4 ,fruit large1 dark red1 sprightly subacid2 ripens with ,early ,richmond2 productive4 ,braunauer ,glaskirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #afh4 #ahbe4 ,braunauer ,amarelle4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3gb4 #aheh4 ,this variety originated about #ahbe4 ,tree large1 moderately productive1 with large1 ,sour ,cherry leaves4 ,often classed as an ,amarelle because of the resemblance in the branches4 ,fruit very large1 round1 compressed2 suture distinct2 stem very long1 shallowly inserted2 color dark red1 rather cloudy2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 juicy1 pleasing subacid when fully ripe2 stone of medium size2 ripens in ,august4 ,braune ,soodkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhg4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ehc1 #ehd1 #ehe4 #ahai4 ,tree of medium growth2 branches drooping2 fruit large to very large1 flattened1 slightly depressed2 stem long1 set in a rather deep cavity2 skin brownish-red2 flesh dark red at the stone becoming clear red beneath the skin1 tender1 with abundant1 red juice1 pleasing subacid2 stone roundish-elongated1 one-half an inch long2 season the last of ,july4 ,braune ,spanische ,kirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bge4 #ahjb4 ,spte braune ,spanische ,herzkirsche4 #b4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffj4 #agig4 ,braune ,spanische ,herzkirsche4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bb4 #aheh4 ,this cherry differs from the black ,hearts in being smaller1 more compressed and sweeter1 the flesh softer and more melting4 ,tree small1 productive2 fruit small1 roundish1 compressed on both sides2 black1 somewhat red on one side2 ripens at the end of ,june4 ,braunrote ,weichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #edd1 #ede4 #ahai4 ,braune rothe ,sauerkirsche4 #b4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhi4 #ahjb4 ,griotte rouge fonc4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cjf4 #ahff4 ,this variety was found in ,bernburg1 ,prussia1 ,germany4 ,it is distinguished from the other ,sour ,cherries ripening with it by its lingering brownish-red color1 its pleasing1 mild sourness1 its tender flesh1 and by its wood4 ,tree not large1 making a close growth1 productive2 branches erect2 fruit bunch-like1 large1 almost round1 flattened at the ends1 sides slightly compressed2 stem long1 stout1 inserted in a rather wide1 deep cavity2 color remains brownish-red for quite a period1 later becoming almost black2 flesh tender1 with abundant1 colored juice1 pleasingly sour2 stone egg-shaped1 almost oval2 season the last of ,july4 ,briggs ,sweet4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,green-,river ,nur4 ,cat4 #bb4 #ahii4 ,briggs ,sweet was raised from seed in the garden of ,dr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,briggs1 ,south ,union1 ,kentucky1 where it has fruited for twenty years4 ,the tree is thrifty1 a regular bearer and resembles ,wood in appearance of both tree and fruit but is much hardier4 ,brindilles4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #dbd4 #aijc4 ,this is a vigorous cherry with a low1 slender habit of growth1 blooming the middle of ,june and ripening late in ,august4 ,fruit of medium size1 round1 depressed or oblate2 stem long1 set in a narrow cavity2 skin light1 clear red2 flesh tender1 juicy1 sprightly4 ,brown ,best4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,brown ,bros4 ,cat4 #bd4 #aijj4 ,brown ,best was introduced some twenty-five years ago by ,brown ,brothers1 ,rochester1 ,new ,york1 having been budded from an old tree4 ,fruit large1 dark red1 tender1 sour1 rich2 quality good2 very late2 productive4 ,brown ,seedling4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bad4 #ahed4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #deg4 #ahfi4 ,originated in ,connecticut4 ,tree vigorous1 upright2 fruit medium in size1 obtuse-cordate1 compressed with a line and a light suture2 cavity broad2 skin whitish1 shaded and mottled with red2 flesh half-tender1 juicy1 sweet2 quality fair2 season early ,july4 ,buckatzsch ,weisse ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bgg1 #bgh1 #fgg1 #fgh4 #ahai4 ,a medium-sized cherry of fair quality from ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 where it first fruited in #ahaf4 ,buckatzsch ,weisse ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cda1 #fhe4 #ahai4 ,this is another seedling from ,prussia1 ,germany2 stem of medium length2 flesh somewhat tender and light4 ,budd ,no4 #ecc4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3ad4 #aiaj4 ,this is probably a ,russian seedling sent out by ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 ,ames1 ,iowa4 ,tree small1 round-topped1 with slender1 recumbent branches2 foliage scant1 mostly on the tips of the branches2 fruit very large1 roundish heart-shaped2 stem short1 thick2 skin tough1 thin1 dark1 mottled red2 flesh firm1 yellow1 slightly stained with red1 astringent1 subacid2 quality fair2 stone large1 round2 season the last of ,july4 ,buffalo4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #ac3aej4 #ahga4 ,this cherry was received from ,buffalo1 ,new ,york1 by ,smiley ,shepard of ,hennepen1 ,illinois1 in the fifties4 ,the fruit with him proved very hardy and productive and promised to become a valuable sweet variety for prairie orchards4 ,mr4 ,shepard sent cions to different localities for testing but nothing has been heard further about the variety4 ,bunte ,morello4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ai3eea4 #ahib4 #b4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgc4 #aijc4 ,this is not a ,morello1 though grown in ,north ,silesia under this name4 ,tree vigorous and hardy1 but a late bloomer2 fruit large1 cordate1 reddish2 flesh light-colored1 juicy4 ,burbank4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,burbank ,cat4 #d1 #ai4 #aiaa4 ,burbank ,early4 #b4 ,leonard ,coates ,cat4 #aiaa4 ,this is another of ,burbank's cherries1 trees of which have not yet fruited at the ,station4 ,trees described as vigorous1 sure croppers2 foliage very large2 fruit very large1 attractive deep crimson2 season very early4 ,its large leaves1 it is claimed1 protect the fruit from the birds and from cracking during late spring rains4 ,burchardts ,schwarze ,rosenobel4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #aff1 #afg1 #ahai4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ia1 #ib1 fig4 #df4 #ahhb4 ,this cherry was raised by the ,german pomologist ,burchardt from a seed of ,rosenobel4 ,fruit of medium size1 obtuse-cordate2 stem medium in length1 set in a deep1 straight cavity2 skin purple1 changing to almost black2 flesh purple1 rather tender1 juice slightly colored1 sweet2 first quality2 season the first of ,june4 ,burghley ,park4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #bbi1 #bcj4 #ahgj4 #b4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ajeg4 #ahgj4 ,burghley ,park is a seedling1 raised by ,r4 ,gilbert1 ,burghley ,park1 ,stanford1 ,england2 it was placed on the list of new fruits of the ,royal ,horticultural ,society in ,july1 #ahga4 ,there is a question as to whether it is distinct1 some believing it to be ,reine ,hortense4 ,fruit very large1 usually oval1 often flattened1 with an obscure suture2 stem long1 rather slender2 skin very thin1 transparent1 a brilliant dark red if left hanging2 flesh dull yellowish-red1 veined or netted1 very juicy1 melting1 with a pleasing astringency2 ripens in mid-season4 ,burr4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bcc4 #ahdi4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdb4 #ahhi4 ,semis de ,burr4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3afc1 #afd1 fig4 #hj4 #ahff-gc4 ,burr originated about #ahdd1 with ,zera ,burr1 of ,perrinton1 ,new ,york4 ,tree vigorous1 erect1 round-topped1 very productive1 not always hardy2 fruit medium to large1 obtuse-cordate with a pointed apex2 stem long1 slender2 skin thin1 mottled with light and dark red2 flesh whitish1 rather tender1 juicy1 sprightly1 agreeably sweet2 very good in quality2 stone small1 irregularly ovate1 short1 thick2 ripens in early mid-season4 ,bttner ,gelbe ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cfa1 #cfb1 #cfc4 #ahai4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3abi1 #acj fig4 #ca4 #ahff4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bad fig41 #bae4 #ahgg4 ,bttner's ,yellow4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahe4 #ahde4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bj4 #ahge4 ,wachsknorpelkirsche4 #f4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3dd1 #de4 #aheh4 ,bttner1 at ,halle1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 raised this cherry as a seedling and it is probably superior to any of the varieties originated by this horticulturist4 ,it fruited for the first time about #ahjj and was introduced shortly after4 ,it was grown in ,america as ,bttner's ,yellow in the first half of the ,nineteenth ,century and was listed in the ,american ,pomological ,society's fruit catalog in #ahge but was dropped in #ahii4 ,tree strong1 vigorous1 hardy1 productive2 fruit of medium size1 roundish-cordate1 flattened at the base2 suture indistinct2 stem thick1 inserted in a broad1 shallow cavity2 skin firm1 thick1 pale yellow1 slightly spotted with brownish-red2 flesh pale yellow1 firm1 breaking1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic1 with a rich1 lively flavor2 quality good2 stone small1 roundish-ovate1 free2 ripens early in ,july4 ,bttner ,rothe ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bcf1 #bcg4 #ahai4 ,bttner's rothe ,molkenkirsche4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bi4 #aheh4 ,another seedling raised by ,bttner about #agig and later tested by ,truchsess4 ,tree vigorous1 very productive2 fruit of medium size1 heart-shaped1 with sides somewhat compressed2 stem long2 skin yellowish-white mingled with clear red1 sometimes dark red2 flesh yellowish-white1 very soft1 juicy1 sweet2 quality fair2 stone small1 heart-shaped2 matures the first half of ,july4 ,bttner ,rothe ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bii1 #cjj1 #cja4 #ahai4 ,bttner's rothe ,marmorkirsche4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3dc4 #aheh4 ,bigarreau rouge de ,bttner4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3acb4 #ahff4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bdj fig41 #bda4 #ahgg4 ,grown from seed about #agie1 by ,bttner4 ,bttner ,spte ,rote1 one of ,bttner's seedlings is similar to this one4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit large1 obtuse-cordate1 with a shallow suture2 skin thick1 lively red on one side and shaded with carmine on the other2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 breaking1 strongly adhering to the pit1 sweet1 aromatic2 quality good2 stone of medium size1 round2 matures the last of ,june or the first of ,july4 ,bttner ,schwarze ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #abb1 #abc1 #abd4 #ahai4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjd1 #bje4 #ahed4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3fd fig41 #fe1 #ff4 #ahff4 ,bttner's schwarze neue ,herzkirsche4 #d4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bge4 #ahjb4 ,bigarreau ,noir ,bttner4 #e4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bbb fig4 #ahgg4 ,still another variety obtained from seed by ,bttner in #agie4 ,with several others it was sent to ,truchsess1 about #ahja1 for testing4 ,tree strong1 vigorous1 erect1 hardy1 productive2 fruit large1 obtuse-cordate1 compressed2 suture prominent2 stem of medium length1 set in a deep cavity2 skin firm1 glossy1 deep reddish-black2 flesh dark red1 moderately firm1 juicy1 sweet and pleasant2 quality good2 stone of medium size1 roundish-oval2 ripens early in ,july4 ,bttner ,schwarze ,sauerkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fja1 #fjb1 #fjc4 #ahai4 ,bttner's schwarze neue ,sauerkirsche4 #b4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhi4 #ahjb4 ,raised from seed by ,bttner and sent to ,truchsess for testing about #agig4 ,fruit round1 of medium size1 glossy1 black2 flesh firm1 red1 moderately juicy1 agreeably acid2 quality fair2 ripens in ,august4 ,bttner ,spte ,rothe ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cbi1 #ccj1 #fhb1 #fhc4 #ahai4 ,bttner's harte ,marmorkirsche4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3dc4 #aheh4 ,bigarreau ,rouge ,tardif de ,bttner4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aa1 #ab1 fig4 #f4 #ahhb4 ,bttner's ,late ,red4 #d4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm4 ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3ei4 #aijj4 ,another seedling raised by ,bttner early in the ,nineteenth ,century and quite similar to ,bttner ,rote1 except in its time of ripening1 which is later4 ,tree of medium vigor1 erect2 fruit large1 heart-shaped1 flattened at the base1 compressed at the apex2 suture medium in depth2 skin thick and firm1 yellowish-white mingled with red1 changing to dark red2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 breaking1 sweet1 aromatic1 with abundant1 uncolored juice2 quality good2 stone large1 oval1 slightly clinging to the flesh2 matures the last of ,july4 ,bttner ,spte ,weichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #eca fig41 #ecb4 #ahfa4 ,bttner's ,september und ,octoberweichsel4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fji4 #ahai4 ,bttner's ,october ,zucker ,weichsel4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 ,bttner's ,sehrspte4 #d4 ,ibid4 #dg4 #ahca4 ,bttner's ,october ,morello4 #e4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aic1 #aid4 #ahde4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,griotte ,tardive de ,bttner4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3ie1 #if1 fig4 #df4 #ahff-gc4 ,bigarreau ,tardif ,bttner4 #h4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bde fig41 #bdf4 #ahgg4 ,bttner's ,october4 #i4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bhh4 #ahhd4 ,produced from seed about #ahjj1 by ,bttner4 ,as one of the latest of all cherries1 it was at one time considered of value for culinary purposes and for a time was grown to a limited extent in this country4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society placed it on its fruit catalog list in #ahfb but dropped it in #ahfi4 ,tree hardy1 productive2 fruit often hangs to the tree till ,october1 large1 round1 somewhat oblate2 suture indistinct2 apex depressed2 stem long1 slender2 cavity shallow2 skin thin but firm1 reddish-brown1 separating easily from the pulp2 flesh light red1 reticulated with whitish fibers1 firm1 breaking1 juicy1 sweet1 rich1 mingled with pleasant subacid2 quality good2 stone large1 oval1 semi-clinging2 ripens the last of ,august and early ,september4 ,byrnville4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,listed in this reference4 ,cameleon4 ,species8 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egd4 #afbi4 ,a strange cherry1 changeable in color1 spoken of by ,parkinson because of its peculiarities4 ,the fruit is very red in color and of good taste1 but varies greatly in color1 shape and arrangement4 ,it also bears blossoms1 green and ripe fruit at the same time4 ,cardinalskirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,obstbume #aei4 #agia4 #b4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhd4 #ahjb4 ,a cherry similar to the ,doctorkirsche in both tree- and fruit-characters2 fruit dark brown1 with a subacid flavor4 ,carmine ,stripe4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjf4 #ahed4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #beh4 #aheg4 ,cerise ,carmine4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3bc1 #bd1 fig4 #ab4 #ahhb4 ,carmine ,stripe is a seedling from ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,tree vigorous1 spreading1 very productive2 fruit above medium in size1 heart-shaped1 compressed on the sides1 surface often uneven1 with a suture on one side1 followed by a line of carmine2 stem variable2 skin amber-yellow1 shaded and mottled with bright1 lively carmine2 flesh tender1 juicy1 sweet1 with agreeable sprightliness2 pit small2 season the last of ,june4 ,caroline4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjf4 #ahed4 ,originated by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,tree upright-spreading1 vigorous2 fruit above medium in size1 roundish-oblong1 one side slightly compressed2 color pale amber1 mottled with clear1 light red1 becoming rich red in the sun2 flesh tinged with pale red1 translucent1 tender1 juicy1 sweet2 pit of medium size1 oblong1 oval2 season the last of ,june4 ,delicious for dessert4 ,catskill4 ,species8 #a4 ,chase ,cat4 #ahhh4 ,this variety1 sent out by ,r4 ,g4 ,chase1 ,geneva1 ,new ,york1 in #ahhh1 is probably now extinct4 ,fruit of medium size1 heart-shaped2 skin light yellow1 nearly covered with light carmine2 stem slender1 long2 flesh light yellow1 juicy1 sprightly1 mild subacid2 good4 ,cerise ,albanes4 ,species8 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bhd4 #ahfa4 ,introduced from ,revel1 ,haute-,garonne1 ,france4 ,it is a fruit of first size1 excellent quality1 with dark green leaves1 productive2 fruit white with more or less yellow4 ,cerise d',angleterre ,prcoce4 ,species8 #a4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3,no4 #be1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 ,according to ,poiteau1 this cherry1 sometimes called ,cerise ,nouvelle d',angleterre1 was confused by ,duhamel with his ,cerise ,guigne4 ,fruit small in the first stages of ripening1 later becoming larger1 flattened at the base and apex2 color clear red changing to almost black at complete maturity4 ,cerise de l',ardche4 ,species8 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 ,belle grosse d',ardche4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,schne von ,ardche4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgf4 #ahhi4 ,distinct from other varieties in its manner of growth1 according to ,thomas4 ,cerise ,bellon4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned in this reference4 ,cerise de la ,besnardire4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aha4 #ahff4 #b4 ,leroy4 ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3agb fig4 #ahgg4 ,kirsche von ,bnardire4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccd4 #ahhi4 ,in #ahda1 ,leroy mentioned this variety in his catalog stating that it was found in the gardens of the ,baron of ,besnardire4 ,mortillet believed it to be ,carnation not being convinced of the contrary until after he had published his description of the ,carnation4 ,tree strong1 moderately productive2 fruit attached singly1 large1 globular1 compressed at the ends2 suture apparent2 stem of medium length1 inserted in a rather wide1 deep cavity2 skin clear red1 brilliant2 flesh reddish at the surface1 whitish near the center1 tender1 with abundant1 slightly colored juice1 pleasantly acidulated and sweet2 first quality2 stone small1 round1 plump2 season the end of ,june in ,france4 ,cerise du ,bicentenaire4 ,p4 avium ,x ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bhd1 #bhe1 ,pl4 #aijc4 ,bicentenaireweichsel4 #b4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #eh4 #aijg4 ,this variety is supposed to be a bud variation of ,royal ,duke found in a garden at ,lieusaint1 ,france4 ,the trees resemble those of ,royal ,duke but the fruit is superior in size and ripens from three weeks to a month later4 ,said to be valuable on northern exposures which increase the advantages of late maturity4 ,cerise ,blanche ,petit ,fruit4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejg4 #ahfj4 ,similar to the ,cerisier ,gros ,fruit ,blanc but smaller4 ,cerise ,commune4 ,p4 ,cerasus4 #a4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3,no4 #aa1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 #b4 ,le ,bon ,jard4 #cdf4 #ahhb4 ,one of the ,french varieties of cherries grown in the neighborhood of ,paris to supply the early market trade4 ,sometimes called ,la ,grosse ,cerise ,commune4 ,cerise ,ctes4 ,p4 ,cerasus4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3beh1 #bei fig4 #ahgg4 ,this cherry is similar in tree and fruit to ,large ,montmorency but the fruit is traversed on both sides by a prominent suture4 ,fruit attached in threes1 of medium size1 globular1 compressed at the ends2 suture deep1 completely encircling the fruit2 stem variable in length1 inserted in a large1 deep cavity2 apex slightly depressed2 skin clear red2 flesh yellowish1 transparent1 tender1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulated2 pit of medium size1 round2 second quality2 season the end of ,june2 moderately productive4 ,cerise d',espagne4 ,p4 ,cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 ,fruit large1 deep red1 delicious1 acidulated1 ripening from ,june to ,july4 ,cerise la ,feuille4 ,p4 ,cerasus4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3agd1 #age4 #agfh4 ,the fruit is of medium size1 roundish-cordate1 faces flattened2 stem long2 cavity deep and straight2 skin deep reddish-brown2 flesh red1 with an acid flavor which it loses somewhat at complete maturity2 stone large1 lightly tinted2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,cerise de ,gembloux4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #h3ia1 ,pl4 #ahfj4 ,m4 ,staquet ,berger of ,gembloux1 ,belgium1 grew this cherry from seed4 ,tree productive1 vigorous2 fruit large1 roundish1 slightly cordate2 suture pronounced2 stem long1 slender2 skin thin1 glossy1 nearly black2 flesh red1 fine1 melting1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulated2 stone small1 oval2 ripens the last of ,july4 ,cerise ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aie1 #aif1 ,pl4 #af fig4 #a4 #agfh4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3adj1 #ada fig4 #cd1 #adb4 #ahff4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3aei1 #afj1 fig4 #gh4 #ahff-gc4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bed1 #bee fig41 #bef4 #ahgg4 ,griotte ,guigne4 #e4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adi4 #ahcb4 ,cerise ,anglaise4 #f4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3,no4 #bf1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 ,rothe ,muskateller4 #g4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #aei fig41 #afj4 #ahfj4 ,this cherry is now of historical interest only4 ,it has been called ,cerise ,guigne since ,duhamel described it in #agfh1 and may be the variety known long ago by the ,romans as ,cecilienne4 ,there is no record to show that ,cerise ,guigne was ever brought to ,america4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 productive2 fruit of medium size1 roundish-cordate1 flattened at the base2 suture distinct2 stem of medium thickness and length2 skin thin2 color clear red becoming reddish-brown2 flesh clear red1 with abundant1 colored juice1 tender1 slightly stringy1 sweet1 sprightly1 agreeable2 quality good2 ripens early4 ,cerise de ,mai ,double4 ,species8 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #dj4 #agga4 ,briefly discussed by ,knoop4 ,cerise de ,mai ,simple4 ,species8 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #dj1 #da4 #agga4 ,resembles ,cerise de ,mai ,double but smaller4 ,cerise de ,martign4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3adg4 #ahhb4 ,the tree-characters are briefly described in this reference4 ,cerise de ,ostheim4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gh4 #ahij4 ,ostheim4 #b4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3gi1 fig4 #ah4 #aijc4 ,in #ahhc1 ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd of ,ames1 ,iowa1 brought this variety to ,iowa4 ,it is very similar to the ,minnesota ,ostheim but a few days later4 ,fruit of medium size1 round1 occasionally cordate2 stem of medium length1 slender1 set in a shallow cavity2 skin firm1 deep red1 with highly colored juice1 mildly subacid2 quality very good4 ,cerise du ,prince ,maurice4 ,species8 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #da4 #agga4 ,tree vigorous1 erect1 productive2 fruit scarlet1 with whitish dots4 ,cerise de ,prusse4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aea fig41 #aeb1 #aec1 #bba1 #cjd4 #ahff4 ,guindoux de ,provence4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dbi1 #dcj4 #ahai4 ,prussian ,cherry4 #c4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aej4 #ahcb4 ,provencer ,sssweichsel4 #d4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ej4 #aheh4 ,cerise de l',esvire4 #e4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,cerise de ,prusse noire8 #f4 ,ibid4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,this old variety is supposed to be of ,french origin4 ,it is distinguished from other sorts by its cordate form1 its more or less distinct suture1 its thick skin1 and its heart-shaped pit4 ,tree vigorous1 moderately productive2 fruit rather large1 partially cordate1 marked by a suture on both sides1 more pronounced towards the base2 stem of medium length1 inserted in a rather deep cavity2 skin thick1 tough1 separating from the pulp1 deep reddish1 almost black2 flesh rather firm1 deep red1 juicy1 sprightly1 vinous1 with a pronounced acidity2 stone rather large1 oval-pointed1 turgid2 ripens early in ,july4 ,cerise de ,rouen ,double4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #db4 #agga4 ,tree vigorous and productive2 fruit cordate1 marked with a suture of moderate depth2 color streaked with clear red on a yellow ground2 flesh brittle1 sweet1 very agreeable4 ,cerise de ,rouen ,simple4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3db4 #agga4 ,resembles the preceding variety in form1 color and quality but is somewhat smaller4 ,cerise ,rouge ,pale4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3hi1 #ij1 fig4 #dc4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3chc1 #chd fig41 #che4 #ahgg4 ,cerisier ,gros ,fruit ,rouge-ple4 #c4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3ahb1 #ahc1 #ahd1 ,pl4 #i4 #agfh4 #d4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3e1 ,tab4 #ad fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,villennes4 #e4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adj4 #ahcb4 ,bleichrothe ,glaskirsche4 #f4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ge fig41 #gf4 #ahfg4 ,this cherry is of interest only because of its past4 ,of its origin no record can be found4 ,it is first mentioned by ,duhamel1 in #agfh1 under a somewhat longer name1 ,cerisier ,gros ,fruit ,rouge-ple1 which many later writers have confused with ,carnation4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 productive2 fruit large1 roundish1 flattened2 stem long1 thick2 cavity deep1 broad2 skin thin2 color a clear1 brilliant red growing darker as maturity advances2 flesh transparent1 juicy1 firm1 tender1 sweet1 yet sprightly2 of very good quality2 season late4 ,cerise ,rouge ,sanguine4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,listed in this reference4 ,cerise ,royale ,ordinaire4 ,species8 #a4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3,no4 #bb1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 ,this variety is known in ,normandy as ,cerise ,musque because of its slight musky taste4 ,fruit small1 sides compressed2 skin red2 flesh yellowish1 juicy1 sugary2 quality fair4 ,cerise de ,soissons4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 ,franzsiche ,sssweichsel4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ea4 #aheh4 ,admirable de ,soissons4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dgf4 #ahfi4 ,cerise de ,soissons is described as a ,morello1 medium to above in size1 broadly cordate1 slightly compressed1 with a slight suture2 stem short2 skin dark red2 flesh red1 tender1 juicy1 brisk subacid2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,cerise de ,tierc4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,listed without a description4 ,cerise de ,xavier4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ag3cfc4 #ahea4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bae4 #ahed4 ,a ,morello cherry1 first shown in #ahea1 by ,m4 ,p4 ,wilder1 ,dorchester1 ,massachusetts4 ,fruit medium in size1 round1 dark red1 acid4 ,cerisier ,commun ,fruit ,rond4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3agb1 #agc4 #agfh4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #feh1 #fei4 #ahai4 ,under this heading are grouped many wild cherries in ,france1 grown from seeds1 whose trees1 leaves and flowers vary as well as the size1 taste and time of ripening of the fruits4 ,one of the best of these is grown around ,paris1 the fruit being small2 stem long2 pit large2 quality and flavor variable4 ,cerisier ,commun ,pleureur4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #cig4 #ahhh4 ,this cherry was found in a ,sour ,cherry plantation4 ,it resembles ,montmorency in habit of growth and the ,heart cherries in texture of flesh4 ,the tree is used for ornamental planting and its fruit for culinary purposes4 ,tree very productive1 bushy1 branches inclined to droop2 fruit large1 oblong2 stem long1 inserted in a large cavity2 skin glossy1 dark red2 flesh rose-colored1 transparent1 sugary1 juicy2 pit of medium size1 elongated-oval2 ripens early in ,june4 ,cerisier ,feuilles ,lacinies4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bfg1 #bfh fig4 #ahgg4 ,this is a chance seedling first mentioned by ,leroy in his catalog in #ahfj4 ,because of its foliage it is often used as an ornamental4 ,tree strong1 moderately productive2 fruit generally attached singly1 small1 oval2 suture apparent2 stem long2 cavity moderately large2 skin clear red1 marbled with reddish-brown2 flesh firm1 yellowish-white1 with abundant1 uncolored juice1 sugary1 slightly acidulated2 pit of medium size1 elongated-oval1 plump4 ,cerisier ,gros ,fruit ,blanc4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejg4 #ahfj4 ,a cherry ripening in ,july but described as very sugary and very good2 flesh watery1 aromatic2 productive4 ,cerisier ,royal ,tardif ,fruit ,noir4 ,species8 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejf4 #ahfj4 ,the fruit ripens in ,july1 becoming deep black4 ,cerisier ,trs-fertile4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3age1 #agf4 #agfh4 ,weichselbaum mit bndelfrmigen ,frchten4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3e1 ,tab4 #ab fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,cerise ,trochet4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ef4 #ahca4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cig1 #cih fig4 #ahgg4 ,prolific ,cherry4 #e4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acb4 #ahcb4 ,amarelle trs-fertile4 #f4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3bja fig41 #bjb1 #bjc4 #ahff4 ,leroy states that this variety was long ago well known in ,france4 ,because it was grown in the neighborhood of ,angers and ,saint-,laud1 and was of the ,montmorency type1 ,leroy says it was locally named ,cerisier ,montmorency ,htif de ,saint ,laud4 ,he is doubtful whether it existed before the ,eighteenth ,century2 ,duhamel was the first to describe it in #agfh4 ,the tree resembles the ,cluster cherry and is probably but a variation of the ,cerise ,commune type4 ,tree small2 fruit generally attached in threes1 of medium size1 globular1 compressed at the stem2 cavity rather deep2 apex small1 somewhat prominent2 stem of medium size1 unequal in length2 skin transparent1 clear red1 deeper when mature2 flesh tender1 white1 juicy1 sugary1 strongly acidulated2 stone medium in size1 roundish1 turgid2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,its graceful habit and productiveness make it a favorite for ornamental purposes4 ,cerisier de ,varenne4 ,species8 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejg4 #ahfj4 ,belle de ,varennes4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,tree erect1 very vigorous2 fruit large1 compressed2 stem long2 color bright red4 ,challenge4 ,p4 pumila4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #cec4 #ahif4 ,challenge is a ,sand ,cherry seedling grown in ,canada2 fair flavor and of medium size4 ,champagne4 ,species8 #a4 ,horticulturist #e3gf1 #gg fig4 #ahej4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bje4 #ahed4 ,champagne is a seedling raised by ,charles ,downing1#hd ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 and so named because of the peculiar and lively mingling of sweet and acid in its flavor4 ,tree very hardy1 vigorous1 bearing regularly1 and withstanding the attacks of rot and blight4 ,fruit of medium size1 roundish-cordate1 slightly angular2 stem moderately long2 cavity shallow1 flat2 skin lively brick-red1 inclining to pink2 flesh amber1 juicy1 sprightly1 rich2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,champion4 ,p4 pumila4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #cjg4 #ahih4 ,champion is one of many seedlings of the ,manitoba ,sand1 a native ,canadian cherry named and described in #ahih1 by ,wm4 ,saunders of the ,canadian ,experimental ,farms4 ,fruit large1 very dark red1 nearly black when ripe2 flesh sweet1 nearly free from astringency2 quality good2 ripens in ,manitoba the last of ,august4 ,chapman4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #acj4 #ahig4 #b4 ,cal4 ,nur4 ,cat4 #a3ad4 #ahih4 #c4 ,ore4 ,nur4 ,cat4 #ba4 #aijc4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,chapman was grown by ,w4 ,h4 ,chapman of ,napa1 ,california1 and is supposed to be a seedling of ,black ,tartarian1 surpassing that variety in size and earliness4 ,by some horticulturists ,chapman and ,california ,advance are considered identical1 but most growers1 particularly in ,california1 declare the two to be distinct4 ,fruit matures early2 very large1 roundish1 purplish-black2 stem long1 slender2 flesh slightly tender2 very good in quality2 stone small4 ,cheresoto4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 americana4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #acj3ahd1 ,pl4 #aj1 ,pl4 #aa1 #ahe4 #aiaa4 ,cheresoto is a cross between the ,sand ,cherry and the ,de ,soto plum from the ,south ,dakota ,experiment ,station4 ,the tree resembles the plum in growth but the fruit1 in looks and flavor1 is like that of the ,sand ,cherry4 ,fruit rather long with a prickle at the apex2 about one and three-eighths inches in diameter2 skin black with a bluish bloom1 thin1 free from acerbity2 flesh yellowish-green1 sprightly2 pit clinging4 ,china ,bigarreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abf4 #ahcb4 ,china ,heart4 #b4 ,prince ,treat4 ,hort4 #cj4 #ahbh4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dh4 #ahca4 ,this variety was raised from the seed of an ,ox ,heart by ,william ,prince1 ,flushing1 ,new ,york1 and at first was called ,china ,heart4 ,w4 ,r4 ,prince in his ,pomological ,manual of #ahcb1 calls it ,china ,bigarreau as it is more of the ,bigarreau than of the ,heart type of cherries4 ,tree vigorous1 large2 fruit medium in size1 roundish or oval-cordate1 with a distinct suture2 stem long1 slender1 set in a shallow cavity2 skin when fully ripe1 glossy red mottled with lighter red2 flesh firm1 somewhat melting1 with a sweet1 rich1 peculiar flavor2 ripens just after ,black ,tartarian and forms a link between it and the later varieties2 very productive4 ,choque4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ae1 #aia4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ada1 #adb4 #ahhb4 ,guigne ,choque4 #c4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #dhb4 #aijd4 ,originated near ,metz1 ,lorraine1 ,germany4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit rather large2 of a deep red color at maturity2 flesh white1 slightly tinted with a rose color1 firm1 very juicy1 sweet2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,christbauer4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #db4 #ahib4 ,a sort reported to ripen before ,early ,richmond4 ,christiana4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjf4 #ahed4 ,this variety was raised by ,b4 ,b4 ,kirtland1 ,greenbush1 ,new ,york1 and resembles ,may ,duke in character of tree and fruit4 ,the fruit is borne in clusters1 is of a bright1 lively red color1 and has a sprightly subacid flavor4 ,churchill ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dh4 #ahca4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bij4 #ahhd4 ,tree hardy1 productive2 fruit large1 heart-shaped2 stem long2 cavity shallow2 skin glossy1 of a clear1 waxen1 pale yellow1 bright red when exposed to the sun1 mottled with dark red and orange2 flesh pale yellow1 firm1 sweet1 rich1 moderately juicy2 season the end of ,july4 ,cistena4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 pissardi4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #acj3aij1 #aia4 #aiaa4 ,cistena is a cross between the ,sand ,cherry and ,prunus pissardi1 interesting only because of its beautiful purple foliage4 ,clark ,september4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ont4 ,fr4 ,gr4 ,assoc4 ,rpt4 #bb3,,xviii4 #ahij4 ,clark ,september is a local sort from ,lower ,granville1 ,nova ,scotia4 ,the fruits are of medium size and when fully ripe are of a dark red color2 flesh firm1 of a sweet and agreeable flavor4 ,cluster ,black ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #dha4 #aijd4 ,tree vigorous2 fruit small or of medium size1 cordate2 stem long2 skin glossy1 black2 flesh very dark red1 tender1 juicy1 agreeably mild acid2 ripens in ,july4 ,cocklin ,favorite4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #c3bdi fig41 #ahfa4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #deh4 #ahfi4 ,late ,amber4 #c4 ,horticulturist #ag3cha4 #ahfb4 ,this seedling was introduced by ,e4 ,h4 ,cocklin1 ,shepherdstown1 ,pennsylvania1 but its origin is unknown4 ,tree upright1 conical1 very productive2 fruit large1 roundish1 regular1 slightly compressed1 somewhat flattened at the base1 almost without a suture2 apex depressed2 stem long1 slender2 cavity deep2 skin yellowish shaded and mottled in the sun with a light crimson2 flesh tender1 juicy1 sweet1 vinous2 quality good2 stone very small for the size of the fruit2 season late4 ,coe ,late ,carnation4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baf4 #ahed4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bge4 #aheg4 ,coe's ,spte ,rote ,kirsche4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdc1 #cdd4 #ahhi4 ,this is a late variety of unknown origin--possibly a seedling of ,carnation4 ,fruit medium to large1 cordate2 suture shallow2 color yellowish-amber mottled with clear red2 flesh tender1 juicy1 subacid2 quality fair2 season the last of ,july4 ,coeur de ,pigeon ,noir4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3adh4 #ahhb4 ,fruit of medium size1 cordate1 slightly elongated4 ,coeur de ,poule4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abd4 #ahcb4 ,gros ,bigarreau coeur-de-,poule #b4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #fe4 #ahha4 ,according to ,prince1 this variety was rather extensively cultivated in the south of ,france especially in the vicinity of ,toulouse1 where it was known as ,cor d ,galino4 ,the fruit ripens in ,july1 has the form of the ,hearts2 its vivid red changes to nearly black as does also the juice4 ,cole4 ,p4 cerasus4 ,cole is a rather small-sized ,morello of little value and no doubt now out of cultivation4 ,fruit cordate1 compressed along the sutures2 stem long1 slender1 set in a wide cavity2 skin nearly black2 flesh tender1 rather meaty1 dark red1 lighter near the pit1 having abundant1 wine-colored juice1 sour1 sprightly2 stone clings2 season late4 ,columbia4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dei4 #ahfi4 ,tree vigorous1 spreading1 productive2 fruit of medium size1 heart-shaped1 inclining to a point1 surface angular and uneven1 sides compressed2 suture deep1 narrow2 stem long1 slender2 cavity large1 deep2 skin whitish-yellow1 blushed and mottled with light red2 flesh whitish1 stained with pink1 tender1 juicy1 pleasant2 season the last of ,june4 ,common ,morello4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adc1 #add4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ajc4 #aheb4 ,wild ,morello4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 ,common ,red ,morello4 #d4 ,kan4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #add4 #ahhf4 ,this variety must not be confused with the well-known ,english ,morello4 ,through self-propagation1 it is widely known1 as are its many seedlings which oft-times surpass it in size and quality4 ,como4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,comtesse de ,mdicis ,spada4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,listed without a description4 ,cond4 ,species8 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce4 #agga4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,conestoga4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3dbc4 #ahec4 #b4 ,horticulturist #ag3cha4 #ahfb4 ,conestoga was introduced by ,casper ,hiller1 ,conestoga1 ,lancaster ,county1 ,pennsylvania4 ,tree a rampant1 spreading grower1 very productive2 fruit very large1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly compressed and indented at the apex2 suture shallow2 stem very long1 inserted in an open cavity2 skin deep red1 purplish1 somewhat mottled2 flesh firm1 rather tender1 juicy1 sugary1 brisk2 quality good2 season early ,july4 ,constance ,maisin4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,this is a ,belgian variety1 which1 according to ,guide ,pratique1 #ahie1 is very similar to ,montmorency4 ,cook ,imperial4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #be4 #aijd-je4 ,this variety1 a seedling of ,napoleon1 originated with ,steven ,cook1 ,benton ,harbor1 ,michigan4 ,it is mentioned as a promising new sort1 resembling ,black ,tartarian in shape1 flavor1 color1 and length of stem but earlier and larger4 ,cornelia4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dei4 #ahfi4 ,cornelia originated with ,charles ,pease1 near ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,tree vigorous1 upright-spreading1 very productive2 fruit medium to above in size1 compressed1 heart-shaped2 suture slight2 stem long2 cavity narrow1 deep2 skin whitish-yellow1 shaded with bright crimson on the sunny side2 flesh light yellow1 tender1 juicy1 sweet1 rather lively2 quality good2 stone small2 season the last of ,june4 ,corning4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gb4 #ahii4 #b4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3ff fig4 #aijc4 ,corning is a cross between the ,wragg and ,lutovka and originated with ,a4 ,f4 ,collman1 ,corning1 ,iowa4 ,fruit oblate-cordate1 above medium in size2 suture lacking2 stem of medium length1 stout1 inserted in a medium deep1 narrow cavity2 skin rather thick1 tender1 red2 flesh firm1 breaking2 juice slightly colored1 briskly subacid2 quality good2 stone medium large1 ovate2 ripens in ,august4 ,corone4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egb4 #afbi4 #b4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bia4 #ahhd4 ,englische ,schwarze ,kronherzkirsche4 #d4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #adi-aeb4 #ahai4 #e4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdg4 #ahhi4 ,corone1 as the references show1 is one of the oldest-named varieties1 though strictly speaking1 since it was largely grown from seed1 according to the old writers1 it is a type and not a variety4 ,in character of fruit it seems to be midway between ,black ,mazzard and ,black ,tartarian4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit below medium in size1 roundish-cordate1 compressed and often roughened2 suture deep2 stem slender1 long2 cavity deep1 round1 narrow2 color a deep1 shining black2 flesh dark purple1 very firm1 sweet2 ripens late4 ,corwin4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baf4 #ahed4 ,this is a medium-sized1 roundish1 red ,morello with tender1 acid flesh and a large stone2 season ,july4 ,coularde4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dbd-dbg4 #ahai4 ,cerisier de ,hollande4 #b4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3ahd1 #ahe1 ,pl4 #aj4 #agfh4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bih1 #cdf4 #ahgg4 #d4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfc4 #ahhi4 ,hollndische ,weichselbaum mit sehr grosser ,frucht or ,coulard4 #e4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3e1 ,tab4 #ab fig4 #b4 #agib4 ,hollndische grosse ,kirsche ,coulard4 #f4 ,christ ,handb4 #fgj4 #agig4 ,hollndische grosse ,weichsel or ,coulard4 #g4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhd4 #ahjb4 ,holland ,griotte4 #h4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ada4 #ahcb4 #i4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bhj4 #ahcb4 ,hollndische ,sssweichsel4 #aj4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ea4 #aheh4 ,cerisier coulard de ,holland4 #aa4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3eje4 #ahfj4 ,leroy states that ,coularde has been known since #agdj but is often confused with other cherries4 ,according to ,leroy1 this variety was reintroduced as a novelty about #ahfd1 under the name ,belle d',orleans4 ,american writers1 however1 list a ,belle d',orleans as early as #ahej1 which is of the ,guigne type rather than the ,griotte4 ,tree the largest of its class2 branches strong and straight2 blooms profusely2 fruit large1 round2 skin red2 flesh firm1 reddish-white1 sweet1 agreeable2 ripens the end of ,june4 ,the pistils being much longer than the stamens1 many flowers are never fertilized which gives the blossoms a blighted appearance4 ,courte-queue de ,gaiberg4 ,species8 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bc1 #aib4 #ahgf4 ,courte-pendu de ,gaiberg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,listed as having been received from ,germany on the recommendation of ,oberdieck4 ,crawford4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,listed1 not described4 ,crown ,prince4 ,species8 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #dfe4 #aijj4 ,tree vigorous2 fruit above medium in size1 cordate2 skin yellow with a light red blush2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 tender1 refreshing2 quality good2 ripens the last of ,may4 ,cserszeger ,honigkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,a yellow ,heart cherry4 ,cullen ,cherrie4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egd4 #afbi4 ,the ,cullen ,cherrie is a darke red cherrie like the ,agriot1 which they of those parts neere ,cullen and ,vtrecht c4 vse to put into their drinke1 to give it the deeper colour4 ,cumberland4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bje4 #ahed4 ,triumph of ,cumberland4 #b4 ,horticulturist #g3ajj4 #aheb4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bfg1 #bfh4 #aheg4 #d4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3hg1 #hh1 fig4 #dd4 #ahhb4 ,cumberland ,heart4 #e4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #b3aah4 #ahfj4 ,cumberland ,spice4 #f4 ,horticulturist #ag3dih4 #ahfb4 ,cumberland is a chance seedling found in ,cumberland ,county1 ,pennsylvania2 introduced by ,david ,miller of ,carlisle4 ,tree strong in growth1 erect1 vigorous1 productive2 fruit obtuse-cordate1 sides compressed2 stem rather long1 slender1 set in a broad1 open cavity2 apex slightly depressed2 suture entirely around the fruit1 but a line on one side2 skin medium thick1 tough1 clear purple changing to a purplish-black2 flesh deep purple1 crisp1 aromatic1 with abundant1 colored juice2 quality good2 pit roundish-oval1 compressed1 slightly clinging2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,cyclone4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,nova ,scotia ,fr4 ,gr4 ,assoc4 ,rpt4 #bc4 #ahid4 ,this variety is said in ,nova ,scotia to be somewhat similar to ,wood and ,rockport but to be superior to either in size and quality4 ,dacotah4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bf3djb1 #djc4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dei4 #ahfi4 ,dacotah is a seedling of one of ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland's sorts1 originated by his son-in-law1 ,charles ,pease1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,in growth it resembles ,rockport2 in fruit1 ,black ,tartarian although it is later4 ,the fruit is borne on spurs on the body as well as on the limbs1 thus being protected from birds by the foliage4 ,fruit medium to large1 heart-shaped1 compressed2 suture shallow2 stem long1 slender2 cavity deep1 narrow2 skin rich dark red1 almost black1 slightly roughened2 flesh rather tender1 purplish1 juicy1 sweet2 of high quality2 stone of medium size2 productive4 ,daiber ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdd4 #ahhi4 ,listed by ,mathieu4 ,dankelmannskirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bdb-bdf1 #fgg4 #ahai4 ,schwefelkirsche4 #b4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #gb1 #gc4 #agij4 ,agatkirsche4 #c4 ,christ ,handb4 #fff4 #agig4 ,dankelmann's ,weisse ,herzkirsche4 #d4 ,ibid4 #fff4 #agig4 ,kleine weisse ,perlkirsche4 #e4 ,ibid4 #fhc4 #agig4 ,dankelmann's ,molkenkirsche4 #f4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bh4 #aheh4 ,bigarreautier fruit jaune8 #g4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejd4 #ahfj4 ,bigarreau jaune4 #h4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3acc4 #ahff4 ,in #agia1 ,truchsess received grafts of what he thought were several distinct varieties and disseminated them as such4 ,later1 they were found to be identical with the ,dankelmann4 ,the fruit is recognized from others of its class by its small size1 its honey sweetness1 its peculiar color and its transparent skin4 ,fruit more round than cordate1 with a shallow suture2 stem slender1 inserted in a narrow1 shallow cavity2 skin yellow washed with red1 transparent allowing the pit to be visible2 flesh yellowish-white1 tender1 very juicy1 very sweet if ripened thoroughly2 stone small1 round1 almost free when ripe2 season the last of ,june to ,july4 ,datge4 ,species8 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3ei4 #aijj4 ,mentioned in this reference as being moderate in growth4 ,davenport4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aed4 #ahcb4 ,davenport's ,early ,red4 #b4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bah4 #ahce4 ,davenport's ,early ,black4 #c4 ,ibid4 #bcc4 #ahda4 ,davenport's ,early4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agb1 #agc4 #ahde4 ,this early cherry1 resembling somewhat ,black ,heart1 was originated nearly a century ago by ,edward ,davenport1 ,dorchester1 ,massachusetts4 ,tree medium in size1 productive2 fruit above medium to large1 roundish-cordate2 stem long1 rather thick2 skin bright red becoming purplish-black2 flesh firm but tender1 sprightly1 pleasant1 juicy1 sweet2 very good in quality2 season early4 ,de ,belleu4 ,species8 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3ei4 #aijj4 ,mentioned in this reference as being a variety of moderate growth4 ,de ,jacap4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,de ,ravaene4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,listed without a description4 ,de ,sibrie gros fruit et rameaux pendans4 ,species8 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejh4 #ahfj4 ,this is a dwarf ornamental tree bearing small1 oval1 mediocre fruits ripening in ,august and ,september4 ,de ,spa4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ag3cfc4 #ahea4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bgh4 #aheg4 ,de ,spa is a medium-sized1 dark red1 acid ,morello forming a prolific bush1 ripening soon after ,may ,duke4 ,de ,vaux4 ,species8 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm4 ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3ei4 #aijj4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,dearborn ,red ,french4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bhj4 #ahcb4 ,this is a ,duke cherry imported from ,france by ,h4 ,a4 ,s4 ,dearborn1 ,roxbury1 ,massachusetts4 ,the name having been lost1 the importer renamed it4 ,dechenaut4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #gh4 #ahff4 ,fruit large1 roundish-cordate1 broad at the base1 rather flattened2 suture faint2 skin bright cornelian-red1 becoming darker red when ripe1 glossy2 stem long1 set in a wide1 deep cavity2 flesh tender1 succulent2 resembling ,may ,duke in flavor and season4 ,delaware ,bleeding ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fa4 #ahih4 ,this is a medium-sized1 dark red1 nearly black fruit with solid flesh and good flavor4 ,delicate4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aic fig4 #ahed4 ,delicate was raised by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 in #ahdb1 from a pit of ,yellow ,spanish1 probably crossed with ,black ,tartarian1 ,black ,mazzard1 or ,may ,duke4 ,tree moderately vigorous1 upright-spreading1 productive2 fruit medium to large1 roundish-oblate2 suture rather pronounced2 stem medium in length2 skin thin1 translucent1 amber-yellow overspread and mottled with light carmine2 flesh pale yellow1 juicy1 pleasant1 sweet2 very good in quality2 stone small1 roundish-oval2 season the last of ,june and the first of ,july4 ,dlicieuse4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,listed by ,mas4 ,denner ,black4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dh4 #ahca4 ,listed but not described4 ,des ,cheneaux4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,deutsche ,belzweichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bij4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fjc1 #fjd1 #fje4 #ahai4 ,probably this is but a wild seedling used in grafting4 ,fruit of medium size1 round2 suture indistinct2 stem long1 slender1 set in a shallow cavity2 skin glossy1 dark brown2 flesh firm1 dark1 reddish directly under the skin1 juicy1 with a sourish wine-flavor2 stone small1 oval2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,disnoder ,gewrzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,listed as a black ,bigarreau4 ,ditst4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3 #afj4 #ahhb4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,dobbeete ,moreller4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 ,listed in this reference4 ,doctay4 ,species8 #a4 ,horticulturist #ag3dih4 #ahfb4 ,reported in the reference as a good1 late cherry of second size as grown by ,e4 ,manning1 ,harrisburg1 ,ohio4 ,doctor4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,horticulturist #b3abc fig4 #ahdg-dh4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3cg1 #ch1 fig4 #ag4 #ahff-gc4 ,american ,doctor4 #d4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ga4 #ahff4 ,doctor was originated by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 in #ahdb1 from a pit of ,yellow ,spanish1 probably crossed with ,black ,tartarian1 ,black ,mazzard1 or ,may ,duke4 ,hogg called it ,american ,doctor to distinguish it from the ,german ,doctorkirsche4 ,tree of medium vigor1 upright-spreading1 healthy1 very productive2 fruit medium to large1 roundish-cordate2 stem long1 rather slender2 skin light yellow1 mottled1 blushed and at times almost entirely overspread with red2 flesh pale yellow1 juicy1 tender1 aromatic1 sweet2 good in quality2 stone small4 ,dr4 ,flynn4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,coates ,cat4 #aiaa-ab4 ,dr4 ,flynn is a chance seedling which originated in ,portland1 ,oregon1 with a ,dr4 ,flynn4 ,fruit large1 dark red2 similar to ,lambert in shape2 preceding ,napoleon4 ,dr4 ,wiseman4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,van ,lindley ,cat4 #bc4 #ahib4 #b4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cba4 #ahig4 ,this cherry was named after ,dr4 ,wiseman1 ,davie ,county1 ,north ,carolina1 who claimed it to be the earliest ,sweet ,cherry4 ,van ,lindley believes it to be the ,doctor which originated with ,professor ,kirtland4 ,fruit of medium size1 light yellow1 shaded with bright red1 resembling ,wood4 ,doctorkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,obstbume #afa4 #agia4 #b4 ,christ ,handb4 #fgd4 #agig4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #djb-dje4 #ahai4 #d4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #dig fig41 #dih4 #ahfa4 ,this variety was first mentioned in #agia4 ,it should not be confused with another sort mentioned by ,bttner and ,truchsess as ,doctorknorpelkirsche4 ,fruit large1 roundish1 somewhat compressed2 stem long2 cavity rather deep2 skin tough1 brownish-red changing to reddish-black2 flesh dark red1 melting1 juicy1 sweet yet with a sprightly flavor2 pit round1 slightly pointed2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,doctorknorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bja1 #bjb1 #bjc4 #ahai4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3cg4 #aheh4 ,according to ,truchsess1 this sort was received by him in #agig1 from ,bttner at ,leipzig under the name of ,doctorkirsche4 ,because one or two other sorts were growing at that time under this name1 ,christ changed this one1 following ,bttner's description1 to ,doctorkirsche mit ,hartem ,fleisch1 which has since been shortened to ,doctorknorpelkirsche4 ,fruit large1 slightly compressed2 stem long and slender2 color black2 flesh firm1 clear red1 juicy1 agreeably sweet2 ripens the middle of ,august4 ,dollaner ,schwarze4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #i fig41 #aj4 #ahfg4 ,according to ,oberdieck1 this variety originated at ,dollan1 ,bohemia1 ,austria1 the home of the ,dollaner prune4 ,fruit above medium in size1 truncate-cordate1 traversed entirely by a suture2 stem slender1 long1 set in a narrow1 shallow cavity2 skin tough1 brownish-black with light spots1 wholly black when ripe2 flesh and juice dark red1 flesh firm1 but tender enough to be classed among the ,hearts1 sweet1 aromatic1 with a slight sourness before fully ripe2 stone elongated-oval2 season late4 ,donna ,maria4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,barry ,fr4 ,garden #cbf4 #ahea4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #c4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an4 #hd fig4 #da1 #he4 #ahfi4 ,this is a ,morello cherry1 probably of ,french origin4 ,it is distinct from the ,early ,may grown in the ,west with which it has been confused4 ,donna ,maria held a place on the ,american ,pomological ,society's catalog of fruits from #ahfb until #ahii4 ,tree small1 productive2 fruit medium in size1 roundish1 dark red2 flesh tender1 juicy1 sprightly2 good in quality2 season late4 ,doppelte ,weichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #fgc4 #agig4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #eje1 #ejf1 #ejg4 #ahai4 ,doppelte ,amarelle4 #c4 ,christ ,obstbume #aeh4 #agia4 ,christ first described this variety as ,doppelte ,amarelle but in his later writings changed it to ,doppelte ,weichsel4 ,it is distinguished from the ,spanische ,frhweichsel in being larger1 longer in stem1 and sourer4 ,fruit above medium in size1 globular2 suture shallow2 stem long1 rather stout1 set in a shallow cavity2 skin dark brownish-red1 thin1 not glossy in wet years2 flesh dark1 firm for a ,weichsel1 juicy1 light colored1 pleasing subacid2 pit small1 more round than broad1 free2 season the end of ,june4 ,dorotheenkirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdg4 #ahhi4 ,mentioned in this reference4 ,drrells ,neue ,himbeerkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bg4 #aheh4 ,tree productive2 fruit large1 cordate1 flattened2 stem stout2 skin dark red2 flesh firm1 whitish1 sweet1 aromatic2 stone small2 ripens at the end of ,june4 ,doty4 ,species8 #a4 ,am4 ,inst4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #bab4 #ahfg4 ,this is a small but pleasantly flavored seedling exhibited by ,william ,m4 ,doty1 ,star ,landing1 ,new ,jersey4 ,double ,yellow ,spanish4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cca4 #ahhe4 ,this variety was imported to ,america by ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd of ,ames1 ,iowa4 ,the tree has a drooping habit1 large foliage and sweet fruit of best quality4 ,douce de ,bardowick4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,dougall4 ,species8 #a4 ,cult4 ,count4 ,gent4 #ci3ded4 #ahgd4 ,dougall is a large1 black1 seedling fruit introduced by ,james ,dougall1 ,amherstburgh1 ,canada4 ,ripens before ,early ,purple4 ,doulin ,bigarreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfj4 #ahfi4 ,this is a foreign variety which may not be distinct4 ,tree a rapid1 spreading grower1 bears early2 fruit large1 heart-shaped1 compressed on one side2 stem slender1 curved1 set in a deep cavity2 suture slight2 skin dark purplish-red2 flesh pinkish1 rather tender1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasant2 quality good2 season early ,june4 ,dove ,bank4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,downing ,red ,cheek4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahf fig4 #gf4 #ahde4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bje4 #ahed4 ,rouge de ,downing4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3he1 #hf1 fig4 #da4 #ahff-gc4 ,downing's ,smling4 #d4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdf4 #ahhi4 ,this attractive cherry1 resembling ,yellow ,spanish1 was raised by ,a4 ,j4 ,downing1#he ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 about #ahdj2 its exact parentage is unknown4 ,tree vigorous1 upright-spreading1 productive2 fruit medium to large1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly compressed2 stem long1 slender1 inserted in a shallow cavity2 skin thin1 yellowish-white blushed and mottled with attractive dark crimson2 flesh yellowish but often very nearly white1 half-tender1 juicy1 delicate1 sweet2 good in quality2 stone medium in size2 ripens from the middle to the last of ,june4 ,downton4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pom4 ,mag4 #c3ach ,pl4 #ahcj4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abd4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #d4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #dhe fig41 #dhf4 #ahfa4 ,downtoner ,molkenkirsche4 #e4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3cj4 #aheh4 ,guigne ,downton4 #f4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ih1 #cjc4 #ahff4 #g4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cba fig4 #ahgg4 ,impratrice ,downton8 #h4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 ,,ii3#afa4 #ahhb4 ,downton was raised early in the ,nineteenth ,century by ,t4 ,a4 ,knight1 ,downton ,castle1 ,england1 from a seed of ,elton4 ,tree strong in growth1 spreading2 fruit attached in pairs1 large1 obtuse-cordate1 roundish2 stem rather long1 slender2 skin pale yellowish1 heavily specked with red1 which often merges into a blush on the sunny side2 flesh light yellow1 very tender1 juicy2 high in quality2 stone slightly adherent2 ripens after ,may ,duke4 ,dresdener ,mai ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 ,avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bc4 #ahgf4 ,a very early ,heart cherry received by ,thomas from ,germany4 ,drogan ,white ,bigarreau4 ,p4 ,avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #gi4 #ahff4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #ahh4 #ahgf4 ,drogan's ,weisse ,knorpelkirsche4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cda1 #fhd4 #ahai4 #d4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ee fig41 #ef4 #ahfg4 ,this is one of ,drogan's seedlings from ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 #ahji4 ,leroy includes ,drogan's ,white and ,yellow ,bigarreaus with his ,guigne ,blanche 7,grosse7 but the three are distinct varieties4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit large1 roundish-cordate1 flattened on one side2 suture distinct2 stem rather short1 stout2 cavity wide1 deep2 apex pointed2 skin tough1 pale yellow1 mottled and blushed with red where much exposed2 flesh firm1 pale yellow1 juicy1 sweet2 stone plump1 ovate to oval2 desirable for table and kitchen use2 late4 ,drogan ,yellow ,bigarreau4 ,p4 ,avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #adg fig41 #adh4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #gi1 #hj4 #ahff4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3aaa1 #aab1 fig4 #ed4 #ahff-gc4 ,bigarreau 7,golden78 #d4 ,fell ,cat4 #da4 #ahic-id4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit large to very large1 oblate-cordate1 resembling ,may ,duke1 compressed on the faces1 truncate at the base1 traversed by a shallow suture2 stem long1 stout1 inserted in a wide1 deep cavity2 skin rather glossy1 clear yellow1 golden in the sun2 flesh firm1 yellowish1 having abundant1 uncolored juice1 with a sweetness which increases as the season advances2 quality high2 pit small1 turgid1 roundish-oval1 truncate at the base2 ripens late4 ,drogans ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 ,avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bjf1 #bjg1 #fgg4 #ahai4 ,a ,prussian seedling from ,guben1 ,germany1 which in favorable years is of good size and pleasant flavor2 skin black2 flesh firm1 juicy1 colored2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,drooping ,guigne4 ,p4 ,avium4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aai4 #ahcb4 ,guignier rameaux pendans4 #b4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejc4 #ahfj4 ,noisette lists this variety under the ,merisiers while others take it to be ,toussaint which it resembles in habit of growth4 ,fruit large1 roundish or heart-shaped1 glossy black1 with a long stem2 flesh reddish-black1 watery1 sweet2 season ,july2 very productive4 ,du ,comte ,egger4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,listed1 not described4 ,du ,nord ,nouvelle4 ,p4 ,cerasus4 #a4 ,barry ,fr4 ,garden #cbf4 #ahea4 ,mentioned as a ,morello from ,france ripening in ,august4 ,fruit of medium size1 bright red1 tender1 acid2 useful because of its lateness4 ,duchesse d',angoulme4 ,p4 ,cerasus4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3aee1 #aef1 fig4 #gf4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bfa4 #ahgg4 #c4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3fg1 fig4 #ab4 #aijc4 ,herzogin von ,angouleme4 #d4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ece fig41 #ecf4 #ahfa4 ,duchesse d',angoulme is supposed to have come from the vicinity of ,vienna1 ,austria1 although some writers give ,france as its place of origin4 ,it is often confused with other sorts4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright1 slightly spreading1 productive2 fruit medium to above in size1 roundish-oblate2 stem rather long and thick1 set in a large1 deep cavity2 skin firm1 bright red2 flesh yellowish white1 tender1 juicy1 sprightly1 agreeably aromatic at extreme maturity2 quality fair to good2 stone nearly round1 slightly compressed2 ripens from the middle to the end of ,june4 ,duchesse de ,palluau4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3djg fig4 #bh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bfa1 #bfb fig4 #ahgg4 #c4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bcf1 #bcg1 ,pl4 #aija4 ,herzogin von ,paluau4 #d4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #afi fig41 #agj4 #ahfj4 ,prcoce ,lemercier incor4 #e4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3adb-adf1 fig4 #ahff4 ,duchesse de ,palluau was raised about #ahdj by ,m4 ,pierre ,bretonneau near ,tours1 ,indre-et-,loire1 ,france4 ,in #ahdd he gave cions of this variety1 under the name ,duchesse de ,palluau1 to ,leroy who propagated and probably disseminated the sort4 ,tree large1 productive2 fruit medium to large1 heart-shaped1 compressed2 stem long1 slender2 skin thin1 dark purple becoming almost black2 flesh tinged with red1 juicy1 brisk subacid becoming sweet2 good in quality2 stone nearly free1 oblong-ovate1 small2 ripens in early mid-season4 ,duke of ,edinburgh4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,agr4 ,gaz4 ,n4 ,s4 ,wales #ai3iih4 #aijh4 ,tree stunted1 upright2 fruit too small and soft for market2 similar to ,belle d',orleans2 ripens in ,november in ,australia4 ,dumas4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,dunkelrothe ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensor4 #fhj-fhb4 #ahai4 ,bigarreau ,longue ,queue4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aba1 #abb fig41 #abc1 #bai4 #ahff4 ,bigarreau ,rouge ,fonc4 #c4 ,ibid4 #b3cjb4 #ahff4 ,bigarreau ,violet4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bdi fig4 #ahgg4 ,this variety probably originated with ,van ,mons in ,belgium about #agij4 ,it was received by ,truchsess a little later as a ,french sort under the name ,bigarreau ,violet4 ,fruit large1 elongated-cordate1 sides compressed2 suture very distinct dividing the fruit into halves2 stem very long1 more deeply inserted in unripe fruits2 skin firm but not tough1 yellowish1 overspread with dark red1 verging to violet2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 juicy2 quality excellent2 stone free1 small1 roundish-oval2 apex acutely pointed2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,duraccia4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #bib4 #ahic4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #age4 #ahie4 ,e4 ,e4 ,goodrich1 ,santa ,clara1 ,california1 received cions of this variety from ,lucca1 ,italy1 thinking it to be the famous ,pistojese used extensively in ,italy for brandying4 ,fruit above medium in size1 cordate2 stem long1 slender1 set in a large1 deep1 regular cavity2 suture deep1 extending beyond the apex2 skin thin1 tough1 smooth1 glossy1 finely pitted1 dark purple to almost black2 flesh red with lighter veinings1 firm1 meaty1 rich1 sweet2 quality very good2 pit of medium size1 plump1 partially adherent2 season at ,santa ,clara the last of ,july to ,august2 ships well2 has not been reported from the eastern states4 ,dure ,noir ,grosse4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,not described4 ,dwarf ,siberian4 ,p4fruticosa4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aec4 #ahcb4 ,dutch ,weeping4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dh4 #ahca4 ,de ,sibrie4 #c4 ,ibid4 #ee4 #ahca4 #d4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3,no4 #bj1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 ,weeping4 #e4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bhc4 #ahcb4 ,de ,sibrie fruit rond8 #f4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejh4 #ahfj4 ,dwarf ,siberian belongs to ,prunus fruticosa1 the dwarf cherry of the ,old ,world1 of which ,cerasus chamaecerasus is a synonym4 ,this cherry was introduced into ,america by ,prince of ,flushing1 ,new ,york1 and was thought by him to be the most suitable species to furnish stocks for dwarf trees4 ,at best the variety reaches a height of from three to four feet with branches very numerous1 forming a dense shrub4 ,the flowers have long peduncles1 often solitary but are usually united in umbels of from three to five each1 which are sessile and axillary2 fruit globular1 red1 small2 flesh red1 very acid1 tender4 ,early ,amarella4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,albertson ,hobbs ,cat4 #bf4 #aijd4 #b4 ,vincennes ,nur4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aijf4 ,tree upright1 hardy1 very productive2 fruit large1 brilliant red becoming darker as it gets riper2 stem very long4 ,early ,amber4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi4 #hj4 #ahff1 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #de4 #ahca4 ,river's ,early ,amber ,heart4 #c4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bcd4 #ahda4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agg4 #ahde4 ,guigne panache prcoce4 #e4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ig1 #bjh4 #ahff4 ,bigarreau ,ambr ,prcoce4 #f4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3di1 #ej1 fig4 #bc4 #ahff-gc4 #g4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3agd1 #age fig4 #ahgg4 ,thomas ,rivers of ,sawbridgeworth1 ,england1 is given credit for this variety as a strain of the old ,early ,white ,heart4 ,leroy1 however1 states that his grandfather propagated this cherry under the name ,cerise ,panache or ,suisse1 as early as #agij but without knowing its origin4 ,he dropped the prcoce because other varieties ripened long before this one4 ,tree vigorous1 erect1 productive2 fruit borne in threes1 medium in size1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly compressed2 suture wide2 stem long1 slender1 set in a straight1 deep cavity2 skin firm1 medium thick1 changing from lively red to reddish-brown2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 cracking1 with uncolored juice1 sweet1 aromatic2 pit large for the fruit2 season early4 ,early ,black ,bigarreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #hj4 #ahff4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cjb4 #ahff4 ,fruit large1 distinctly heart-shaped2 stem long2 color jet black2 flesh dark purple1 firm1 rich1 sweet2 excellent2 season the last of ,june and the first of ,july4 ,early ,eugene4 ,species8 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dcg4 #ahih4 ,reported by ,h4 ,l4 ,mc,gee1 ,villa ,ridge1 ,illinois1 as being a hardy and productive variety4 ,early ,may4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #ab3cge4 #ahfa4 #b4 ,trans4 ,ill4 ,agr4 ,soc4 #e3aii4 #ahfa-fd4 #c4 ,am4 ,jour4 ,hort4 #a3abc4 #ahfg4 #d4 ,ibid4 #c3ah-bb4 #ahfh4 #e4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an4 #hd4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,country ,gent4 #ci3aah4 #ahgd4 ,this variety originated a generation or more ago in ,virginia and was known there and in neighboring states as ,early ,may4 ,later1 it became widely disseminated in the ,middle ,west where it was often confused with ,early ,richmond1 ,late ,kentish and ,montmorency4 ,early ,may should not be confused with a ,european cherry of the same name formerly grown upon the continent but now seldom seen4 ,the fruit of the ,american sort is much like ,early ,richmond though of inferior quality and is now probably wholly replaced by the latter variety4 ,early ,prolific4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aic1 #aid4 #ahed4 ,early ,prolific was raised by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 in #ahdb4 ,tree healthy1 vigorous1 upright1 slightly spreading2 fruit large1 round1 obtuse-cordate2 suture distinct2 stem variable2 skin bright carmine-red mottled on a light amber-yellow ground2 flesh rather tender1 firm1 juicy1 rich1 sweet2 very productive2 season early ,june4 ,early ,red ,bigarreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acj4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #ha1 #id4 #ahff4 #c4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bc4 #ahgf4 ,bigarreau ,rouge de ,guben4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bdb fig41 #bdc4 #ahgg4 ,this variety originated about #ahde1 from seed in the garden of the ,pomological ,society1 at ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany4 ,the ,russians1 who were growing it in #aheh1 sent the variety from ,crimea to ,m4 ,eugne ,glady1 who in turn gave cions of it to ,leroy4 ,tree moderately vigorous1 productive2 fruit usually attached in pairs2 above medium to large1 obtuse-cordate1 more or less irregular1 compressed2 suture indistinct2 stem long1 slender1 inserted in a deep cavity2 skin thick1 dark red changing to reddish-brown2 flesh dark colored1 firm1 breaking1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasant2 quality excellent2 stone rather large1 ovate2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,early ,red ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bc4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 #c4 ,rivers ,cat4 #ah4 #ahih-ii4 ,this cherry1 of unknown origin1 was propagated by ,thomas ,rivers of ,sawbridgeworth1 ,england4 ,it is thought by some to be ,elton4 ,fruit large1 pale red2 flesh very tender1 rich and good2 ripens in early ,june4 ,early ,red and ,yellow4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhb4 #ahdb4 ,this variety was raised by ,robert ,manning1 ,salem1 ,massachusetts1 from the seed of a white ,bigarreau4 ,fruit of medium size1 obtuse-cordate2 light red on a yellow ground2 sweet1 juicy2 good2 ripe the last of ,june4 ,early ,rivers4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #e fig41 #f4 #ahgb4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bh1 #bjd4 #ahgf4 #c4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #aag4 #ahgh4 #d4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afb4 #ahha4 #e4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bif4 #ahhd4 ,guigne ,early ,rivers4 #f4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #ajd fig41 #aje4 #aijd4 ,early ,rivers is a seedling of ,early ,purple raised by ,thomas ,rivers1 ,sawbridgeworth1 ,england2 first fruited in #ahfi4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading1 hardy1 productive2 fruit large1 roundish-cordate1 somewhat uneven and indented on the surface2 stem long1 rather slender2 skin thin1 deep red changing to glossy black2 flesh reddish1 juicy1 very tender1 rich1 sweet2 very good in quality2 stone very small1 elongated2 season early4 ,early ,york4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #fff4 #ahig4 ,fruit medium in size2 flesh greenish-white1 tender1 juicy1 subacid4 ,ebenter ,cherry4 ,species8 #a4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #aaa4 #ahgi4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdg4 #ahhi4 ,this cherry is said to be cultivated on the shores of ,lake ,constance1 ,germany1 notably at ,lindau and ,tettnang1 and is distinguished for its firm flesh1 large size and small stone4 ,ripens after all other table cherries4 ,edouard ,seneclause4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,not described4 ,elfner ,kirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdg4 #ahhi4 ,listed by ,mathieu4 ,elizabeth4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjg4 #ahed4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,elizabeth is a seedling from ,caleb ,atwater1 ,portage ,county1 ,ohio1 #ahbc4 ,tree vigorous1 upright1 prolific2 fruit medium to large1 heart-shaped1 flattened on the sides2 stem of medium length1 set in a regular cavity2 skin rich1 dark red2 flesh yellowish1 slightly tinged with red1 rather tender1 juicy1 pleasantly sweet2 pit roundish-ovate2 season the middle of ,june4 ,emperor ,francis4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aaa1 #aab1 fig4 #ef4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,bunyard-,thomas ,fr4 ,gard4 #db4 #aijd4 #c4 ,jour4 ,roy4 ,hort4 ,soc4 #cj3acc4 #aijf4 ,bigarreau ,empereur-,francois4 #d4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #af4 #ahgf4 ,kaiser ,franz ,josef4 #e4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ef4 #aijg4 #f4 ,reut4 ,pom4 ,inst4 ,festschrift #abb4 #aiaj4 ,the origin of ,emperor ,francis is not given in any of the references though the variety seems to be quite well known in both ,france and ,england4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit large1 obtuse-cordate2 stem rather short2 cavity medium in size2 skin marbled with red on a yellowish-white ground2 flesh firm1 crisp1 sweet1 high flavored2 stone small1 bluntly pointed2 ripens rather late4 ,english ,amber4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjg1 #bjh4 #ahed4 ,probably this is an old variety known under some other name4 ,tree vigorous1 strong in growth1 very productive2 fruit of medium size1 roundish-cordate1 regular2 stem long2 skin delicate amber1 mottled with pale red2 flesh whitish-yellow1 half-tender1 delicate1 juicy1 very sweet2 pit of medium size2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,english ,bearer4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,brookshaw ,pom4 ,brit ,pl4 #i4 #ahag4 #b4 ,brookshaw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #b3aca1 ,pl4 #ga fig4 #c4 #ahbc4 ,english ,preserve4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #di4 #ahca4 ,this variety is grown in ,kent1 ,england1 where it is known as ,english ,preserver4 ,it is distinguished from the ,kentish only by its larger size and the dark1 irregular spots under the skin4 ,ripens early in ,july4 ,english ,gaskin4 ,species8 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,off4 ,rpt4 #cji4 #ahed4 ,an almost worthless sort mentioned in the reference given4 ,englische ,weinkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bhd4 #ahai4 ,fruit large1 roundish2 stem long2 skin tender1 ground-color milky-white1 crimson where exposed1 on maturity the white changes to yellowish2 juicy1 vinous1 aromatic2 ripens in ,july4 ,englische ,weisse ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bg4 #aheh4 ,englische weisse ganz frhe ,herzkirsche4 #b4 ,christ ,handb4 #fhc4 #agig4 #c4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhj4 #ahjb4 #d4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bea1 #beb1 #bec4 #ahai4 ,possibly this is the same as the ,white ,heart of ,england4 ,it is without a doubt a separate variety from the ,guignier gros fruit blanc of ,duhamel4 ,fruit above medium in size1 elongated-cordate2 stem very long1 slender1 set in a deep cavity2 suture a line1 skin yellowish-white1 tinged with red in the sun1 uneven1 glossy1 transparent2 flesh white1 not very tender1 juicy1 sweet2 quality good2 stone of medium size1 cordate1 acute2 ripens at the end of ,june4 ,enopa4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 triflora4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ajh3aijh4 #b4 ,ibid4 #acj3agh ,pl4 #h4 #aiaa4 ,enopa1 a cross between the ,sand ,cherry and the ,occident plum1 was sent out in #aijh by the ,south ,dakota ,station4 ,fruit one and one-sixteenths inches in diameter1 round1 with a minute prickle at the apex2 skin thin1 free from acerbity1 dark red1 with blue bloom2 flesh green4 ,episcopale4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #be1 #aic4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bfe fig4 #ahgg4 ,this variety1 according to ,leroy1 was found in the vicinity of ,paris and was introduced by ,m4 ,jamin-,durand1 ,bourg-la-,reine1 in #ahdf4 ,the tree is distinguished from that of ,montmorency in being more erect1 less dense1 less productive2 the fruit is more acid and later in ripening4 ,eppers ,weichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fg4 #aheh4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit large1 oval1 flattened at the base1 brownish-red1 with a deep suture2 flesh clear red1 juicy1 strongly subacid2 pit elongated2 ripens in ,september4 ,erfurter ,augustkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,obstbume #aei4 #agia4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #eej-eed4 #ahai4 ,d',aout ,erfurt4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3hi1 #ij1 fig4 #de4 #ahhb4 ,dlices d',erfurt4 #d4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,erfurt ,delicious4 #e4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ai3dbi4 #ahif4 ,hochgenuss ,von ,erfurt4 #f4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,this cherry is well known in and about ,thuringia forest1 ,germany1 where it is propagated by suckers and is valued for its lateness4 ,tree vigorous2 fruit above medium in size1 roundish-cordate1 flattened2 stem of medium length1 set in a noticeable cavity2 suture indistinct2 skin tender1 glossy1 brownish-red changing to purplish-black2 flesh tender1 reddish1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulated2 stone free1 small1 pea-shaped2 ripens the last of ,july4 ,etopa4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 triflora4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ajh3aijh4 #b4 ,ibid4 #acj3agi4 #aiaa4 ,etopa is a cross between the ,sand ,cherry and the ,occident plum4 ,said to be excellent in quality and remarkable for its intense black1 purplish color of skin1 flesh and juice2 skin thin1 free from acerbity2 ripens there about ,september twelfth4 ,eugne ,furst4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ah4 #ahie4 ,frst's ,herzkirsche4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bc4 #aheh4 ,fruit above medium in size1 elongated-cordate2 stem of medium length1 slender2 skin black2 flesh red1 sugary1 acidulated2 matures the last of ,june to ,july4 ,said to be similar to ,may ,duke4 ,everbearing4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,okla4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #b3ac4 #ahib4 #b4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgf4 #aijc4 ,fruit large1 roundish-oblate1 somewhat compressed2 stem long1 inserted in a broad1 shallow cavity2 skin dull red to dark red when ripe2 flesh quite tender1 juicy1 mildly acid2 quality good4 ,excellente ,douce ,tardive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #b3aja1 #ajb1 ,pl4 #ahed4 ,this cherry was produced from seed1 in ,france in #ahci4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit above medium in size1 roundish1 flattened at the ends2 stem long1 stout1 inserted in a deep1 wide cavity2 skin thin1 glossy1 deep red mottled with clear red changing to reddish-black1 often yellowish-amber in the shade2 flesh yellowish1 melting1 sugary1 slightly acidulated2 quality very good2 pit small1 yellowish1 roundish1 apex pointed2 ripens in ,august4 ,eyami4 ,p4 pumila ,x ,p4 triflora4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ajh3aijh4 #b4 ,ibid4 #acj3agi4 #aiaa4 ,eyami is a cross between the ,sand ,cherry and the ,occident plum and was sent out by the ,south ,dakota ,station in #aijh4 ,fruit one and three-sixteenths by one and five-sixteenths inches in size1 round2 skin thin1 dark red1 semi-transparent2 flesh green1 pleasant2 pit large4 ,ezaptan4 ,p4 pumila ,x ,p4 triflora4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #acj3ahj ,pl4 #i1 #aha4 #aiaa4 ,ezaptan1 a cross between the ,sand ,cherry and the ,occident plum1 was introduced in #aiaa by the ,south ,dakota ,station4 ,it is remarkable for its early and heavy bearing2 skin thin1 free from acerbity1 dark purple2 flesh black purplish-red to the pit4 ,faversham ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #di4 #ahca4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,favorite4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjg fig4 #ahed4 ,elliott's ,favorite4 #b4 ,horticulturist #b3abd4 #ahdg-dh4 #c4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cfa4 #ahdi4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 ,favorite is one of ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland's cherries originating in ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 in #ahdb1 from a pit of ,yellow ,spanish1 probably crossed with ,black ,tartarian1 ,black ,mazzard1 or ,may ,duke4 ,the tree resembles ,american ,heart while the fruit is similar to ,choisy in flavor and texture but larger4 ,tree vigorous1 half-spreading1 productive2 fruit medium in size1 round1 regular1 slightly compressed2 stem long1 set in an even and regular cavity2 skin pale amber-yellow1 with a bright1 marbled1 carmine-red cheek2 flesh pale amber1 translucent1 tender1 delicate1 juicy1 with a sweet1 fine flavor2 pit small1 angular1 smooth4 ,festfleischige ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ce fig41 #cf4 #ahfg4 ,grosse dunkel braunrothe ,kramelkirsche4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3c1 ,tab4 #g fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,grosse schwarze ,knorpelkirsche mit festem ,fleisch4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #aic-aie4 #ahai4 ,bigarreau-noir chair trs-ferme4 #d4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #ahi4 #ahgf4 ,this cherry has the hardest flesh of all the black1 hard-fleshed cherries1 differing from the ,grosse ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche in its firmer flesh4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit rather large1 plump1 truncate at the apex1 sides compressed2 suture not prominent2 stem stout1 long1 set in a variable cavity2 skin tough1 almost black at maturity2 flesh very firm1 juicy1 colored1 very sweet1 although with a mixture of sourness2 stone small1 turgid1 cordate1 sides compressed1 clinging2 ripens late4 ,flagg4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,cult4 ,count4 ,gent4 #da3ejb4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afd4 #ahha4 ,flagg was introduced by its originator1 ,d4 ,b4 ,wier1 ,lacon1 ,illinois1 as ,wier's ,early ,kentish1 a selected seedling of ,early ,richmond1 hardier and ten days earlier4 ,tree slender1 short-jointed1 regularly conical1 moderate in growth2 at its best in high1 dry1 airy situations1 with light soil2 fruit medium in size1 heart-shaped2 skin black1 firm2 flesh tender1 purplish-red1 juicy1 changing from a rich subacid to a very sweet1 rich flavor2 pit small2 adapted to kitchen and table use4 ,flamentine4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #baa-bae4 #ahai4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3acg1 #ach1 fig4 #fg4 #ahff-gc4 ,bigarreautier petit fruit htif4 #c4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afe1 #aff4 #agfh4 ,bigarreau petit fruit blanc4 #d4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #df4 #ahca4 ,early ,guigne4 #e4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aaa1 #aab4 #ahcb4 ,early ,white ,bigarreau4 #f4 ,ibid4 #b3abi4 #ahcb4 ,petite ,bigarreau htif4 #g4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3acj1 #aca4 #ahff4 ,bigarreau ,blanc 7,petit74 #h4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ahb fig41 #ahc4 #ahgg4 ,trkine8 #i4 ,reut4 ,pom4 ,inst4 ,festschrift #aba4 #aiaj4 ,this cherry probably originated more than a century ago in the vicinity of ,angers1 ,france4 ,names of wholly distinct varieties have sometimes been attached to it causing much confusion in the nomenclature4 ,tree strong1 vigorous1 productive2 fruit usually in threes1 above medium in size1 obtuse-cordate1 flattened at the base1 compressed2 suture often a line2 stem long1 almost stout1 inserted in a deep1 narrow cavity2 skin thin1 glossy1 whitish-yellow1 mottled with dark red2 flesh yellowish-white1 transparent1 rather firm1 juicy1 aromatic1 sugary2 first quality2 stone small1 oval2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,flemish ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,a small1 red1 obtuse-cordate fruit of fair quality and tender flesh1 ripening early in ,july4 ,fleurs ,doubles4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3agd4 #agfh4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #di4 #ahca4 ,great rose4 #c4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #djb1 #egd4 #afbi4 ,double ,floured ,cherry4 #d4 ,gerarde ,herball #aeje fig4 #h4 #afcf4 ,bloem-kers double4 #e4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce1 #ch4 #agga4 ,weichselbaum mit sehr gross gefllter ,blthe4 #f4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3e1 ,tab4 #aa fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,glaskirsche mit dickgefllter ,blthe4 #g4 ,christ ,handb4 #fhj4 #agig4 ,amarellenbaum mit ganz gefllter ,blte4 #h4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fdj-fdd4 #ahai4 ,small ,double ,flowering4 #i4 ,prince ,treat4 ,hort4 #ca4 #ahbh4 ,dwarf ,double ,flowering4 #aj4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aea1 #aeb4 #ahcb4 ,geflltblhende ,amarelle4 #aa4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fh4 #aheh4 ,the tree of this variety1 unlike many other double-flowering sorts1 attains but moderate size1 in many cases is but a bush or shrub4 ,the blossoms are exceedingly double1 very showy1 with a slight tinge of pink on opening1 the blooming season extending over three or four weeks4 ,frequently the blossoms have small leaflets intermingled with the petals1 while often a smaller flower appears to rise out of the center of another4 ,the trees very seldom1 if ever1 bear4 ,truchsess reports having fruited it twice in ten years4 ,the early ,english writers make brief mention of several double-flowering sorts which have been included under this variety4 ,fleurs ,semi-doubles4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3agc1 ,pl4 ,v4 #agfh4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #di4 #ahca4 ,lesser rose4 #c4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #djb1 #egd4 #afbi4 ,red-flowered4 #d4 ,ray ,hist4 ,plant4 #aech4 #afhh4 ,bloem-kers double4 #e4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce1 #ch4 #agga4 ,gefllter ,kirschbaume4 #f4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #dc1 #dd4 #agij4 ,weichsel mit halbgefllter ,blthe4 #g4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3i1 ,tab4 #ba fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,glaskirsche mit halbgefllter ,blthe4 #h4 ,christ ,handb4 #fhj4 #agig4 ,gedoppelte ,amarelle mit halbgefllter ,blte4 #i4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fdf-fdi4 #ahai4 ,halbgeflltblhende ,amarelle4 #aj4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fh4 #aheh4 ,amarelle mit halbgefllter ,blthe4 #aa4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ic fig41 #id4 #ahfg4 ,the home of this cherry is not known1 it having been greatly confused with other double-flowering sorts4 ,the flowers have a double row of from fifteen to twenty petals and often have two pistils1 especially on the older trees4 ,these generally bear twin-fruits though often the pistils are changed into small1 green leaves1 in which case the flowers are neither large nor attractive4 ,the tree is of the ,amarelle type1 small1 blooming profusely2 fruit moderately round1 compressed on one side with a shallow suture2 stem long1 stout2 cavity wide2 skin clear red1 becoming darker and flecked with brown2 flesh whitish1 tender1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasing1 subacid at first2 stone oval1 bluntly pointed1 often small and round1 free when fully ripe2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,florianer ,kirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3cd4 #aheh4 ,a productive seedling ,bigarreau of medium size1 elongated1 angular2 stem short1 stout2 skin black2 flesh sweet1 aromatic2 second quality2 ripens at the end of ,june4 ,folgerkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhc4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dae-dai4 #ahai4 ,hollndische ,folgerkirsche incor4 #c4 ,christ ,handb4 #fgc4 #agig4 ,cerise de ,folger4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aeh1 #bji4 #ahff4 ,a few authors describe this cherry as ,volgers2 the ,volger described by ,knoop in #agga1 however1 is a distinct variety4 ,duhamel's variety1 ,cerise-,guigne1 is possibly the same4 ,fruit large1 roundish1 truncate at the base1 in unfavorable seasons the apex and sides are strongly compressed1 with a noticeable suture2 stem stout1 long1 set in a wide cavity2 skin deep reddish-purple1 glossy1 tender2 flesh delicate1 sweet with a piquant taste2 stone small1 turgid1 roundish-oval4 ,folgers ,swolfe4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bib4 #ahjb4 ,according to ,christ1 ,salzman says that in ,holland several ,sour ,cherries were known as ,folgers4 ,this is a large1 black1 pleasant subacid fruit with a very characteristic growth4 ,fouche ,morello4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,am4 ,gard4 #i3bfd4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3ge4 #aijc4 ,this variety is said to have been imported by ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 ,ames1 ,iowa1 from ,riga1 ,russia1 where it was found planted along walks and drives4 ,tree rather small2 fruit small1 roundish-oblate2 cavity shallow1 broad2 stem slender1 rather long2 suture a line2 skin thin1 rather tough1 dark red changing to crimson2 flesh firm1 breaking1 juicy1 colored1 sprightly subacid2 quality fair2 stone nearly round1 of medium size2 ripens early in ,july4 ,frauendorfer4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abe4 #aijj4 ,frauendorfer ,weichsel4 #b4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #eac fig41 #ead4 #ahfa4 #c4 ,montreal ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ajc4 #ahhf-hg4 ,griotte de ,frauendorf4 #d4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bb1 #aid4 #ahgf4 ,this variety was imported into this country by ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd in #ahhc from ,north ,silesia4 ,the ,montreal ,horticultural ,society believes two forms exist1 one from ,north ,silesia being perfectly hardy while another from ,metz1 ,germany1 is far less so4 ,tree productive2 branches drooping2 fruit above medium in size1 roundish-oblate2 suture shallow2 stem long2 cavity small2 skin thin1 glossy1 dark red at maturity2 flesh tender1 tinted with abundant1 uncolored juice1 acidulated2 stone large2 matures the last of ,june and the first of ,july4 ,french ,amarelle4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #di3dec4 #ahij4 ,trees thrifty and tall but set fruit sparingly2 fruit large1 yellow with a blush1 two weeks later than ,early ,richmond4 ,french ,weichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,tex4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #af3ii4 #ahia4 ,in the reference this cherry is listed as a ,russian variety introduced by ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd4 ,if so1 it was probably under some other name1 as it seems not to be mentioned by ,budd4 ,frogmore ,early ,bigarreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #fjf4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bih4 #ahhd4 #c4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #adh fig4 #ahfg4 #d4 ,bunyard-,thomas ,fr4 ,gard4 #dc4 #aijd4 ,frogmore ,early ,prolific4 #e4 ,daniels ,bros4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahie4 ,frogmore ,bigarreau4 #f4 ,agr4 ,gaz4 ,n4 ,s4 ,wales4 #iih4 #aijh4 ,unlike the rest of its class1 this cherry has tender flesh but is a ,bigarreau in tree-habit1 leaf and in appearance of fruit1 and is therefore classified as such4 ,the variety is a seedling raised by ,thomas ,ingram of the ,frogmore ,royal ,gardens at ,windsor1 ,berkshire1 ,england4 ,tree bears freely in clusters2 fruit large1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly compressed1 with a faint suture2 stem long1 set in a small cavity2 skin waxen1 orange-yellow1 with a network of red and a blush of deeper red on the sunny side2 flesh of a primrose color1 very tender1 translucent1 rich1 sweet2 stone spoon-shaped1 indented on one side2 season early but short4 ,frogmore ,early ,crown4 ,species8 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #cfd4 #ahff4 ,also a seedling from ,mr4 ,ingram4 ,it is a small1 red fruit about ten days earlier than ,may ,duke1 of a rich flavor when fully ripe4 ,frogmore ,late ,bigarreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #bbi1 ,pl4 fig4 #a4 #ahgd4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ae4 #ahie4 ,still another seedling raised by ,ingram of the ,frogmore ,royal ,gardens4 ,fruit large1 bluntly heart-shaped1 hanging long without cracking2 suture slight2 stem very long2 skin pale1 waxy-yellow1 bright red on the sunny side2 flesh tender1 juicy2 season very late4 ,frogmore ,morrelo4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 ,new ,frogmore ,morello4 #b4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3edc4 #ahhe4 ,this variety attracted notice on account of the perfection to which it had been brought in the ,royal ,gardens at ,frogmore1 ,berkshire1 ,england1 where it is believed to have originated4 ,for productiveness and size it is said to far surpass the old ,morello4 ,fromm ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #fc fig41 #fd4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3fh1 #fi fig41 #gj4 #ahff4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cbb1 #cbc fig4 #ahgg4 #d4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #edi4 #aija4 ,fromms ,schwarze ,herzkirsche4 #e4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #afd1 #fgd4 #ahai4 #f4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #aej1 #aea4 #ahbe4 ,fromm ,heart was obtained from seed in #ahjf by ,fromm1 at ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany4 ,in sandy soils and favorable years the trees are very productive2 fruit usually borne in pairs1 above medium in size1 truncate-cordate1 sides compressed2 suture shallow2 stem of single fruits long1 stout1 inserted in a wide1 deep cavity2 skin dark reddish-brown to glossy black2 flesh tender1 dark red1 juicy1 sugary1 pleasingly acidulated1 aromatic2 second quality2 pit medium in size1 turgid1 roundish2 ripens the third week of the cherry season4 ,frhe bunte ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bbb1 #bbc1 #bbd4 #ahai4 ,frhe ,lange ,weisse ,herzkirsche4 #b4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bgh4 #ahjb4 ,guigne panache longue prcoce4 #c4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aii4 #ahgf4 ,this cherry is easily recognized by its elongated1 cylindrical form and should not be confused with several others of similar type4 ,it was found near ,weinberge1 ,germany1 by ,bttner who sent it to ,truchsess in #agig4 ,fruit medium in size1 cylindrical1 flattened on both sides1 slightly drawn in at the apex and base2 suture distinct on one side2 stem long1 inserted in a shallow cavity2 skin yellow1 blushed and faintly splashed with red where exposed2 flesh pale yellow with a slight red tinge underneath the skin1 moderately firm1 juicy1 without much sweetness2 stone small1 elongated1 pointed at the apex2 ripens early4 ,frhe ,kurzstielige ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ee4 #aijg4 ,mentioned as a black1 hard-fleshed cherry4 ,frhe ,maikirsche4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cia-cid4 #ahai4 ,frhe ,maikirsche differs from ,may ,duke in being darker of skin and juice1 smaller in size1 sweeter1 and less distinct in suture4 ,frhe ,morello4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ahe fig41 #ahf4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cjf4 #ahff4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3dg1 #dh fig4 #bd4 #ahhb4 #d4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cdi4 #ahhi4 ,an old variety of uncertain origin4 ,tree large1 spreading2 fruit often large1 roundish1 flattened2 suture indistinct2 stem slender1 shallowly inserted2 skin tender1 nearly black when mature2 flesh tender1 juicy1 dark red1 acidulated2 stone round1 plump2 ripens the first of ,june in ,france4 ,frhe ,sauerkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #eed1 #eee4 #ahai4 ,this cherry is thought to be a sub-variety of ,kirsche von der ,natte4 ,tree medium in growth2 branches slender2 fruit medium in size1 round1 sides compressed2 stem long2 cavity shallow2 skin tough1 black2 flesh tender1 dark red1 juicy1 sour1 without a trace of sweetness2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,frhe ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bgg4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #aig1 #aih1 #fgd1 #fge4 #ahai4 ,obtained by ,bttner in #agig who later sent it to ,truchsess4 ,tree productive2 fruit small1 roundish-cordate1 compressed2 suture distinct2 stem of medium length2 skin glossy1 reddish-black deepening to black2 flesh hard1 reddish-black1 juicy1 sweet1 with a slight bitterness2 stone ovate1 rather large2 ripens the first half of ,july4 ,frhe von der ,natte4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #aec fig41 #aed4 #ahfj4 ,frhe ,natte aus ,samen4 #b4 ,christ ,handb4 #fga4 #agig4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dac1 #dad1 #dae4 #ahai4 ,frhe ,sssweichsel von der ,natt4 #d4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3di4 #aheh4 ,htive de ,nattes4 #e4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aeh1 #cjd4 #ahff4 ,natte htive de semis4 #f4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,christ received this cherry in #agic1 as ,frhe von der ,natte aus ,saamen4 ,fruit above medium in size1 cordate1 flattened on one side2 suture distinct2 stem long1 often dividing about an inch down into two1 three1 or four stems2 apex depressed2 skin glossy1 dark brown when ripe2 flesh dark red1 soft1 tender1 juicy1 refreshing1 subacid2 stone medium1 oval2 ripens early4 ,frher ,gobet4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fai-fba4 #ahai4 ,gobet ,htif4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3abe1 #abf1 fig4 #fa4 #ahff-gc4 ,truchsess received this variety from ,mayer as ,gros ,gobet which it resembles very closely in size1 form1 and flavor but is much earlier and not as flattened4 ,fruit of medium size1 flattened2 suture but a line2 stem one inch long1 often shorter1 straight2 cavity shallow2 color clear red1 becoming darker2 flesh whitish with a reddish cast1 tender1 juicy1 pleasingly acid2 stone small1 round1 free but hanging to the stem4 ,frheste ,bunte ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bjg-baj4 #ahai4 ,weiss und rothe grosse ,herzkirsche4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3b1 ,tab4 #c fig4 #a4 #agib4 #c4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bgg4 #ahjb4 ,frhkirsche8 #d4 ,christ ,handb4 #fgb4 #agig4 ,frheste bunte ,molkenkirsche4 #e4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bf4 #aheh4 ,guigne panache trs-prcoce4 #f4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cjb4 #ahff4 #g4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ac1 #ad1 fig4 #g4 #ahhb4 ,the origin of this variety is unknown although it probably originated in ,austria1 as the celebrated ,austrian pomologist1 ,kraft1 was the first to mention it4 ,tree vigorous and in favorable seasons productive2 fruit of medium size1 obtuse-cordate1 compressed1 with a suture2 stem medium1 set in a deep1 narrow cavity2 skin tender1 yellowish-white1 striped with red around the base1 spotted about the apex2 flesh yellowish-white1 with clear juice1 sweet1 pleasing1 deteriorates on hanging2 stone small1 oval-cordate1 clinging2 ripens the last of ,may4 ,frheste der ,mark4 ,species8 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cej4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,lucas ,handb4 ,obst4 #aba4 #ahic4 #c4 ,lange ,allgem4 ,garten4 #ddj4 #ahig4 ,fruit medium to above1 truncate-cordate2 stem very long1 slender1 set in a wide1 deep cavity2 skin purplish1 glossy2 flesh reddish1 firm1 pleasing2 ripens early4 ,frst ,schwarze ,septemberkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #aec4 #ahbe4 ,discovered by ,liegel in ,braunau1 ,bohemia1 ,austria1 and named for his friend ,i4 ,e4 ,frst4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit small1 oblate2 stem very long2 skin black2 flesh firm1 sweet1 aromatic2 stone large2 one of the last to ripen1 ,september to ,october4 ,galusha4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afe4 #ahha4 ,this cherry is seedling ,no4 #aa from ,d4 ,b4 ,wier1 ,lacon1 ,illinois4 ,tree hardy1 vigorous1 an abundant bearer2 fruit above medium in size1 light red changing to a very dark1 bright red2 subacid becoming a rich sweet2 ripens three days before ,early ,richmond4 ,gamdale4 ,species8 #a4 ,horticulturist #ag3dih4 #ahfb4 ,a cherry described by ,e4 ,manning1 ,harrisburg1 ,ohio1 as of second rank in size and quality4 ,garcine4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ge fig41 #gf1 #gg4 #ahff4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bd1 #aih4 #ahgf4 ,garcine was obtained from seed about #ahjh by ,m4 ,garcine1 near ,grenoble1 ,isre1 ,france4 ,it is propagated in that locality by suckers1 hence it was called by some1 ,aventurire4 ,tree pyramidal1 productive2 fruit large1 oblate1 ends drawn in and flattened1 sides convex2 stem long1 inserted in a large1 deep cavity2 skin glossy black2 flesh dark1 firm1 sugary1 aromatic1 juicy2 stone large1 turgid2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,gardiner4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,me4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #bb3age4 #aijf4 ,gardiner is a seedling of ,black ,tartarian4 ,it is frequently killed back by severe winters in ,maine4 ,gaskins4 ,species8 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bih4 #ahhd4 ,gaskins is a corruption of ,gascoignes4 ,about ,rye1 ,sussex1 ,england1 the name is still in general use1 the people believing the variety was brought from ,gascony1 ,france4 ,gauchers ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ef4 #aijg4 ,listed in this reference4 ,geer4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aef4 #ahig4 ,geer is a new cherry from eastern ,oregon said to be later than ,napoleon and to surpass it in size and quality4 ,gelbe ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,obstbume #afa4 #agia4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cdb-cdi4 #ahai4 ,grosser weisser glnzender ,herzkirschbaum4 #c4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3b1 ,tab4 #d fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,guigne ,jaune4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ii1 #cjc4 #ahff4 ,guigne ,grosse ambre4 #e4 ,le ,bon ,jard4 #cde4 #ahhb4 ,first mentioned in #aghf as ,gelbe or ,weisse ,herzkirsche4 ,it is distinguished from ,goldgelbe ,herzkirsche through its cordate form1 lighter color and earlier ripening4 ,fruit above medium in size1 borne in twos and threes1 cordate1 sides compressed2 suture shallow2 stem long1 slender1 slightly inserted2 skin pale yellow1 glossy1 tough1 adherent1 blushed with red on the sides2 flesh clear1 not tender1 juicy1 acidulated2 stone free1 small1 elongated-cordate2 ripens in ,july4 ,gelbe ,wachskirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cee1 #fhe1 #fhf4 #ahai4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3cc4 #aheh4 ,an unproductive seedling from the ,north ,sea1 ripening later than ,gelbe ,herzkirsche which it resembles4 ,fruit medium in size1 round1 flattened2 stem long2 skin glossy1 clear waxy-yellow1 transparent2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 moderately sweet1 without aroma2 ripens from the middle to the end of ,july4 ,gemeine ,glaskirsche4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bib4 #ahjb4 ,this is a well-known ,duke cherry in ,germany4 ,tree large2 fruit large1 almost round2 skin clear1 light red on a yellow ground2 flesh melting1 with uncolored juice1 pleasant sourness2 ripens early in ,july and lasts a long while4 ,genesee4 ,p4 avium4 ,a chance seedling of the ,bigarreau type originating about twenty-five years ago and recently introduced by ,j4 ,a4 ,morgan of ,scottsville1 ,new ,york4 ,the fruit is above medium in size1 cordate1 compressed2 cavity shallow1 wide1 flaring2 suture a line2 apex roundish2 stem slender1 long2 skin medium thick1 tender1 adherent1 dark red mottled with amber2 dots numerous1 small1 obscure2 flesh yellowish-white1 juicy1 meaty1 crisp1 mild1 sweet2 quality good2 stone clinging1 medium1 ovate1 flattened1 smooth1 slightly tinged red2 use late market4 ,german4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #afi3aii4 #ahii4 ,german 7,kraus74 #b4 ,ibid4 #adc3aha4 #ahig4 ,german is said to have been introduced into ,michigan from ,new ,york4 ,tree vigorous1 though not productive2 fruit large1 roundish-cordate2 stem long1 slender1 set in a broad1 moderately deep cavity2 color very dark red1 nearly black2 flesh firm1 red1 sweet1 slightly bitter1 with dark juice2 ripens early in ,july4 ,german ,morello4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adg4 #ahcb4 ,griotte d',allemagne4 #b4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aib1 #aic1 ,pl4 ,,xiv4 #agfh4 #c4 ,christ ,obstbume #aei4 #agia4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bgf1 #bgg fig4 #ahgg4 ,deutscher ,griottier ,weichselbaum4 #e4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3f1 ,tab4 #af fig4 #b4 #agib4 ,deutsche ,griotte4 #f4 ,christ ,handb4 #fge4 #agig4 #g4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #efi1 #egj1 #ega4 #ahai4 ,grosse ,deutsche ,belzkirsche4 #h4 ,ibid4 #dba4 #ahai4 ,griotte de ,chaux4 #i4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,german ,duke4 #aj4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bhj4 #ahcb4 ,deutsche ,weichsel4 #aa4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fb4 #aheh4 ,sssweichsel von ,chaux4 #ab4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ga fig41 #gb4 #ahfg4 ,de ,chaux4 #ac4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dgh4 #ahfi4 ,cerise d',allemagne4 #ad4 ,le ,bon ,jard4 #cdf4 #ahhb4 ,this old variety is badly confused with other cherries and its origin is uncertain4 ,fruit large1 roundish-oblate2 stem long1 slender2 cavity deep1 wide2 skin glossy1 tough1 brownish1 almost black2 flesh firm1 dark red1 juicy1 with pleasing acidity1 sweet if in a dry1 warm soil2 stone large1 oval-pointed2 ripens the middle of ,july2 productive4 ,germersdorf4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3fj4 #aijj4 ,bigarreau noir de ,germersdorf4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bb1 #ahi4 #ahgf4 ,germersdorfer ,grosse ,kirsche4 #c4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,iii3 ,no4 #g1 ,pl4 #ahhb4 ,a seedling of ,german origin4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 productive2 fruit very large1 roundish-cordate2 suture distinct2 stem medium1 set in a deep1 wide cavity2 skin dark brown with dark spots and streaks2 flesh rather firm1 light red1 juice tinted1 sweet1 pleasingly acidulated2 stone of medium size1 oval2 ripens the fifth week of the season4 ,geschiltztblttrige ,sssweichsel4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3dg4 #aheh4 ,an ornamental cherry distinguished from ,may ,duke through its smaller fruit and laciniated leaves4 ,gestriefte ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bei1 #bfj4 #ahai4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3cj4 #aheh4 ,fruit cordate2 stem long1 slender1 set in a shallow cavity2 skin thin1 tender1 white1 streaked with red1 which1 if allowed to remain on the tree1 becomes nearly solid red2 flesh tender1 soft1 fibrous under the skin1 juicy1 colorless1 honey-sweet1 refreshing2 ripens in ,july lasting about three weeks4 ,gewhnliche ,muskatellerkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #fgb4 #agig4 ,fruit smaller than that of the ,black or ,red ,muskateller1 roundish1 very dark brown1 almost black2 flesh red1 pleasant subacid2 ripens at the end of ,june4 ,giant4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,burbank ,cat4 #h4 #aiad4 ,giant was grown in #aijj by ,luther ,burbank and introduced by ,the ,luther ,burbank ,company in #aiad4 ,it is claimed by its introducer that it is the largest cherry grown4 ,tree rapid in growth1 with large and heavy foliage2 fruit glossy black1 rich1 sweet1 delicious2 ripens in ,california about ,june #bjth4 ,gibb4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #b3ci4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gi4 #ahij4 #c4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3ag4 #aiaj4 ,gibb was imported from ,orel1 ,central ,russia1 without a name4 ,it is much like ,brusseler ,braune in tree1 fruit1 and in habit of bearing a double crop of blossoms and fruit1 but is hardier4 ,fruit large1 roundish-cordate2 stem stout2 skin thick1 tender1 dark crimson changing to purplish-red2 flesh dark red1 meaty2 quality good2 stone large1 oblong2 ripens the last of ,july to early ,august4 ,gifford4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bgj4 #aheg4 ,fruit small1 light red1 roundish-cordate1 very sweet2 productive2 season the last of ,june4 ,glasherzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bdf-bdh4 #ahai4 ,grosse ,glas-,herzkirsche4 #b4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bha4 #ahjb4 ,glas-,molkenkirsche4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3cj1 #ca4 #aheh4 ,this cherry differs from others of its class in being rounder1 darker1 and later4 ,fruit of medium size1 roundish-cordate1 convex on one side1 compressed on the other1 with a shallow suture2 stem long1 slender1 shallowly inserted2 skin mingled with dull red and clear white1 often streaked2 flesh yellowish-white1 tender1 juicy1 sweet1 but not high2 stone large1 acutely pointed2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,glaskirsche von der ,natte4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dgj-dgc1 #fhi4 #ahai4 ,according to ,truchsess this variety is very similar to1 and often taken for ,double ,natte1 ,frhe von der ,natte1 and ,double ,glass4 ,glasskirsche ,kurzstielige4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cca4 #ahhe4 ,this ,sweet ,cherry is supposed to have come from ,vilna1 ,russia4 ,gloire de ,france4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bf1 #aid4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bga1 #bgb fig4 #ahgg4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afb4 #ahha4 ,bonnemain4 #d4 ,guide ,prat4 #i1 #ahd4 #ahie4 ,originated from seed by ,auguste ,bonnemain1 ,etamps1 ,seine-et-,oise1 ,france1 fruiting in #ahde for the first time4 ,on ,mazzard stock the tree never reaches full size but on ,mahaleb it grows large and regular and is more globular in form4 ,at best it is only moderately productive4 ,fruit borne in threes1 medium in size1 roundish-oblate1 somewhat depressed2 suture broad1 shallow1 often indistinct2 apex rather large1 slightly depressed2 stem short1 thick1 inserted in a wide cavity2 skin a reddish-brick color1 occasionally mottled with greenish-brown in the shade and red on the sunny side2 flesh pale red1 grayish1 transparent1 rather tender and fibrous1 with abundant juice1 sprightly acidulated1 agreeable2 pit of medium size1 roundish-oval1 convex2 season the first of ,july4 ,golden ,knob4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,golden ,knob is a worthless1 medium-sized1 oval cherry ripening the middle of ,july2 skin yellow and flesh firm4 ,goldgelbe ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cej-ced4 #ahai4 ,kleine ,ambra1 or ,goldgelber ,herzkirschbaum4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3b1 ,tab4 #d fig4 #b4 #agib4 ,kleine ,ambra4 #c4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffe4 #agig4 ,distinguished from other yellow ,heart cherries by its round form1 dark yellow color1 and rather firm flesh4 ,fruit of medium size1 roundish2 suture a line2 stem very long1 slender1 deeply inserted2 skin thin1 tough1 readily removed1 transparent1 glossy1 golden-yellow2 flesh moderately tender1 yellowish1 with darker spots showing through the skin1 very juicy1 with a pleasing sweetness when ripe2 stone of medium size1 oval1 slightly adherent2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,goldsmith ,black ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 ,mentioned but not described in this reference4 ,goodspeed4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3gj4 #aijc4 ,goodspeed is of the ,montmorency type ripening just after ,early ,richmond4 ,the trees are long-lived and regular bearers4 ,fruit of medium size1 oblate1 slightly cordate2 cavity deep1 broad2 suture shallow2 stem short1 stout2 skin thin1 tender1 dark red2 flesh moderately firm1 tender1 with uncolored juice1 slightly subacid2 quality good2 stone free1 of medium size1 roundish-ovate4 ,gormley4 ,species8 #a4 ,can4 ,hort4 #bj3cag4 #ahig4 #b4 ,ibid4 #ba3big4 #ahig4 ,this hardy seedling1 now about twenty-five years old1 was found by ,john ,gormley of ,pickering1 ,canada4 ,it resembles ,montmorency in color1 ,english ,morello in shape1 and a ,bigarreau in texture4 ,its firm1 yellowish flesh parts readily from the pit4 ,gottorper4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bhi1 #bij1 #bia4 #ahai4 #b4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #aei4 #ahbe4 ,gottorper ,marmorkirsche4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3da4 #aheh4 ,cerise de ,gottorpe4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aag-aai4 #ahff4 ,originated in the vicinity of ,coburg1 ,germany1 toward the latter part of the ,eighteenth ,century4 ,it resembles ,yellow ,spanish4 ,tree above medium in size1 very productive2 fruit abruptly cordate to roundish2 stem short1 slender2 cavity shallow2 skin tough1 red1 mottled with yellow2 flesh yellowish-white1 not very firm1 juicy1 usually very sweet1 slightly aromatic2 stone small1 oblate1 free2 ripens the fourth week of the cherry season2 cracks in the rain when nearly mature2 excellent for home use4 ,gould ,no4 ,x4 ,species8 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #baa4 #ahif4 ,reported by the ,illinois ,horticultural ,society in #ahif4 ,governor ,luce4 ,species8 #a4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #adc3aha4 #ahig4 ,listed as growing at the ,michigan ,station4 ,grafenburger ,frhkirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,reut4 ,pom4 ,inst4 ,festschrift #aba4 #aiaj4 ,a very productive1 strong-growing cherry recommended for table and market use2 fruit large1 truncate-cordate1 red1 early4 ,graham4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3bh4 #aiaj4 ,the ,washington ,experiment ,station lists this variety as3 ,tree of medium size1 upright1 with abundant foliage2 fruit small1 round2 skin thin1 tender1 dark red2 flesh light red1 juicy1 rich1 sweet2 good2 season the last of ,july2 productive4 ,grande ,ronde4 ,species8 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aef4 #ahig4 ,a new1 early1 large1 black cherry recommended in eastern ,oregon2 ships well4 ,great ,bearing4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 ,fruit large1 blackish-red on the outer side when ripe1 blood-red within4 ,ripens late1 with a sharp taste2 bears well4 ,great ,leafed4 ,species8 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #ega4 #afbi4 ,this is a variety with very large leaves2 relatively unproductive1 bearing pale red fruit of only medium size4 ,gridley4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abc1 #abd4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahg4 #ahde4 #c4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #aa3bai4 #ahfi4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ab4 #ahga4 ,apple4 #e4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bcd4 #ahdi4 ,this variety was discovered by ,william ,maccarty about the beginning of the ,nineteenth ,century1 growing in the garden of ,deacon ,samuel ,gridley1 ,roxbury1 ,massachusetts4 ,for a good many years it was considered a valuable cherry but later was supplanted by better sorts4 ,tree upright1 vigorous1 very productive2 fruit medium in size1 roundish2 stem short2 color black2 flesh firm1 purplish-red1 medium juicy1 sprightly1 rather acid at first becoming milder when fully ripe2 stone small2 matures in mid-season4 ,grenner ,glas4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #id4 #aiad4 ,tree upright1 vigorous1 moderately productive2 fruit borne in clusters1 large1 oblate1 one-sided2 suture distinct on one side2 stem long2 cavity broad1 shallow2 apex a small depression2 skin bright red2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 very juicy1 tart2 quality good2 season the middle of ,july4 ,griotte ,acher4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bge fig41 #bgf4 #ahgg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3fg1 #fh1 fig4 #cd4 #ahhb4 #c4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #dhb4 #aijd4 ,griotte ,double4 #d4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce1 #ch1 #ci4 #agga4 cher's ,weichsel4 #e4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccb4 #ahhi4 ,the origin of ,griotte ,acher is not known but it may have sprung up by chance in ,holland a century and a half ago4 ,tree medium in growth1 productive2 fruit usually borne in pairs1 medium to large1 flattened heart-shaped with truncate sides2 cavity narrow2 suture distinct2 stem variable1 usually long1 medium thick2 skin rather firm1 vivid purple shading to almost purplish-black2 flesh tender1 slightly stringy1 reddish-purple1 medium sweet1 somewhat pleasing because of a slight tart1 acid flavor1 with abundant1 violet juice2 stone medium in size1 ovoid1 truncate at the base1 turgid2 ripens the last of ,july and the first of ,august4 ,griotte de ,bttner4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,am4 ,gard4 #i3bfd4 #ahhh4 ,a dwarf sort that blossoms and ripens late2 much like ,imperial ,morello4 ,griotte ,commune4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejh4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bf1 #aid4 #ahgf4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bhb fig41 #bhc4 #ahgg4 ,griotte4 #d4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3ahg-ahi1 ,pl4 ,,xii4 #agfh4 #e4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dca1 #dcb4 #ahai4 ,griotte simple4 #f4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #ci4 #agga4 ,griottier ,weichselbaum4 #g4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3f1 ,tab4 #ae fig4 #b4 #agib4 ,common ,french ,griotte4 #h4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adh4 #ahcb4 ,gemeine ,sssweichsel44 #i4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3di4 #aheh4 ,cerise ,commune4 #aj4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3adf fig41 #adg1 #adh1 #bbj4 #ahff4 ,the origin of this variety is unknown but according to ,french writers it was brought from ,syria by the ,crusaders about #adhe4 ,tree large1 productive2 fruit medium in size1 usually borne in pairs1 distinguished from others of its class by its firm flesh1 its black skin1 and its colored juice1 oblate1 flattened at the base2 suture slight2 stem long1 rather stout1 set in a broad1 shallow cavity2 skin thin1 glossy1 dark red1 changing to black2 flesh colored1 firm1 vinous1 aromatic1 juicy2 first quality2 pit small1 turgid1 round2 ripens the first of ,july4 ,griotte ,douce ,prcoce4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce1 #ci4 #agga4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ba1 #aid4 #ahgf4 #c4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aah4 #aijj4 ,ssse ,frhweichsel4 #d4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #agj4 #ahbe4 #e4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ahc fig41 #ahd4 #ahfj4 ,liegel's ,ssse ,frhweichsel4 #f4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3eh4 #aheh4 ,this variety is often confused with ,ssse ,frhweichsel4 ,the two are distinct1 however1 in that the latter has light colored flesh while the former is a dark fleshed sort4 ,tree vigorous1 drooping1 productive2 fruit often borne in twos or threes1 of medium size1 roundish1 compressed2 suture shallow2 stem rather slender1 variable1 medium to above in length1 inserted in a narrow1 shallow cavity2 skin dark brownish-red changing to reddish-black2 flesh tender1 dark red1 juicy1 subacid1 becoming milder at maturity2 stone small1 roundish2 ripens the forepart of ,june4 ,griotte de ,kleparow4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ahf fig41 #ahg1 #bba4 #ahff4 ,polnische grosse ,weichsel4 #c4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3h1 ,tab4 #bj fig4 #b4 #agib4 ,pohlnische ,kirsche4 #d4 ,christ ,handb4 #fhb4 #agig4 ,polnische ,weichsel4 #e4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fj4 #aheh4 ,kleparower ,sssweichsel4 #f4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #fi fig41 #gj4 #ahfg4 ,kleparavoska4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ge4 #ahhc4 ,griotte ,kleparite4 #h4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgg4 #aijc4 #i4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3ga fig4 #aijc4 ,budd found this variety very hardy about ,galicia1 ,austria1 and ,warsaw1 ,russia1 and imported it for central and southern ,iowa4 ,it is grown from seed in the forests of ,poland4 ,the ,griotte ,kleparite of ,budd-,hansen is probably the same variety4 ,tree strong in growth1 large1 productive2 fruit of medium size1 generally attached in pairs1 roundish-cordate1 sides often compressed2 suture shallow1 often a line2 stem long1 slender1 set in a wide1 deep cavity2 skin tough1 clinging to the flesh1 glossy1 dark brownish-red1 deep black when ripe2 flesh tender1 fibrous1 lightly colored1 juicy1 acid1 although sugary1 aromatic2 quality fair2 pit small1 turgid1 almost spherical2 ripens the last of ,july4 ,griotte ,lodigiana4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bij1 #bia fig4 #ahgg4 ,introduced into ,france from ,florence1 ,italy1 by ,leroy about #ahfd4 ,fruit of medium size1 globular1 compressed at the ends2 stem of medium length1 inserted in a wide cavity2 apex depressed2 skin deep red2 flesh pale yellow1 tender1 slightly fibrous1 juicy1 very sugary1 slightly acidulated2 second quality2 stone of medium size1 round1 turgid2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,griotte ,noire4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bf4 #ahgf4 ,listed as a large1 blackish-red1 acidulated fruit1 ripening in ,july4 ,griotte ,noire de ,pimont4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bid1 #bie fig4 #ahgg4 ,griotte gros fruit noir de ,pimont4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bf4 #ahgf4 ,this variety1 probably from ,piedmont1 ,italy1 was received by ,leroy in #ahfd4 ,fruit generally borne in pairs1 above medium in size1 globular1 compressed at the ends2 suture indistinct2 stem long1 set in a deep cavity2 skin uniformly blackish-red2 flesh tender1 reddish1 very juicy1 acidulated1 slightly sweet2 quality fair2 stone of medium size1 roundish-oval1 swollen2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,griotte du ,nord ,amliore4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 ,mentioned as possibly larger and better than ,griotte du ,nord4 ,griotte ,petit ,fruit4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,griotte ,prcoce4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbi4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgg4 #aijc4 ,according to the first reference1 this variety was brought into ,spain from ,central ,asia and was known in parts of ,europe as ,early ,spanish4 ,it was imported to ,america from ,russia4 ,tree hardy2 fruit large1 flattened2 suture distinct2 stem medium in size1 curved1 set in a deep cavity2 skin bright1 glossy red2 flesh soft1 breaking1 uncolored2 quality very good2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,griotte ,rouge de ,pimont4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cjc fig41 #cjd1 #che4 #ahgg4 ,griotte gros fruit rouge de ,pimont4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bf4 #ahgf4 ,according to ,leroy1 it is not at all improbable that this cherry is the one spoken of by ,pliny under the name1 ,apronian4 ,fruit attached in pairs1 above medium in size1 globular1 compressed at the ends2 suture indistinct2 stem short1 stout1 set in a small cavity2 skin lively red2 flesh whitish1 tender1 juicy1 acidulated1 somewhat bitter yet sugary2 second quality2 stone of medium size1 roundish-oval1 swollen2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,griotte de ,schaarbeck4 ,species8 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cec4 #ahhi4 ,mentioned in this reference4 ,griotte ,tardive d',annecy4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,listed in this reference4 ,griotte ,tardive de ,plombires ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #ejc4 #ahhh4 ,this variety is recommended because of its lateness but it remains a local variety1 little known outside of ,plombires1 ,vosges1 ,france1 where it was found4 ,fruit oval-cordate1 elongated at the apex2 skin glossy1 brownish at complete maturity2 flesh firm1 adherent to the stone1 whitish-gray1 very sweet1 agreeable2 pit cordate2 ripens the last of ,august1 remaining on the tree during ,september4 ,griotte de ,toscane4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cjd1 #cje fig41 #cif4 #ahgg4 ,leroy brought this cherry from ,florence1 ,italy1 to ,france about #ahfd4 ,fruit globular1 more or less compressed at the ends2 suture very shallow2 stem long1 set in a pronounced cavity2 skin intense red changing to blackish2 flesh of a garnet color1 tender1 juicy1 sugary1 slightly bitter2 second quality2 stone of medium size1 round1 turgid2 ripens in early ,july4 ,griotte de ,turquie4 ,p4 avium ,x ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,fruit large1 round1 red2 flesh tender1 ripens early in ,july4 ,similar to ,choisy4 ,griottier ,feuilles ,cuculles4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bfg1 #bhf fig41 #bhg4 #ahgg4 ,cerisier cuculle8 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,originated at ,tours1 ,inde-et-,loire1 ,france4 ,its only point of merit is in its cucullated foliage4 ,fruit small1 globular1 compressed at the ends2 suture imperceptible2 stem short2 cavity variable2 skin almost clear red2 flesh tender1 light rose-colored1 juicy1 acidulated1 mildly sweet2 quality hardly fair2 pit very small1 round1 more or less swollen2 ripens at the end of ,june4 ,griottier ,fruit ,aigre4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejh4 #ahfj4 ,tree of medium size1 rather vigorous2 fruit small1 oval-roundish1 blackish2 flesh tender1 juicy2 mediocre quality2 ripens in ,september and ,october in ,france4 ,griottier ,longues ,feuilles4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bia1 #bib fig4 #ahgg4 ,leroy grew this cherry as early as #ahde but did not know its origin4 ,fruit above medium in size1 globular1 slightly compressed at the ends2 stem very short1 inserted in a pronounced cavity2 skin deep red1 with gray dots2 flesh tender1 fibrous1 yellowish-white1 juicy1 acidulated1 slightly sweet1 agreeable2 second quality2 stone of medium size1 roundish-oval1 turgid2 ripens the first of ,july4 ,groll ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ced4 #ahhi4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,gros ,bigarreau ,rond4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aad1 #bjh4 #ahff4 ,fruit large1 even1 roundish1 though often larger and less flattened than ,bigarreau d',italie2 stem medium in length2 color becoming black2 flesh red1 firm1 sweet1 pleasing2 pit small and slightly elongated2 ripens the last of ,may4 ,gros ,guindoul ,htif4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #cce4 #ahgj-ga4 ,tree large2 fruit of first size1 superior quality1 large1 dark red1 juicy1 sprightly2 ripens in ,june-,july4 ,grosse ,blanche ,carre4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bjd4 #ahdc4 ,a firm1 red1 heart-shaped cherry of second size and quality1 used principally for the table1 ripening in ,july4 ,grosse ,bunte ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bbf1 #bbg1 #bbh4 #ahai4 ,weiss ,herzkirsche4 #b4 ,christ ,obstbume #afa4 #agia4 ,grosse bunte ,molkenkirsche4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bh4 #aheh4 ,this cherry is distinguished from others of its class by its peculiar coloring4 ,at one time it was recommended because of its size1 flavor1 and length of season4 ,fruit large1 thick at the base1 both sides compressed and marked by a suture2 stem long1 slender1 set in a shallow opening2 ground color a dingy pale yellow more or less covered with red2 flesh tender1 melting1 pleasing2 ripens at the end of ,june4 ,grosse ,friedrichskirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ci4 #aheh4 ,fruit large1 compressed1 roundish-cordate1 pale yellow1 washed with crimson2 flesh slightly aromatic2 ripens the end of ,june2 productive4 ,grosse ,glaskirsche4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #eg1 #eh4 #agij4 #b4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bib4 #ahjb4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dgc-dge4 #ahai4 ,grosse ,cerise ,transparente4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3agb-age1 fig4 #ahff4 #e4 ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aij4 #ahie4 ,through an error which he later rectified1 ,truchsess described the ,double ,glass as this variety4 ,this cherry differs in having a shorter stem1 larger size and in ripening later4 ,fruit very large1 almost round1 flattened at the ends1 depressed at the apex2 stem stout1 short1 inserted in a large cavity2 skin glossy1 becoming dark red2 flesh pale yellowish1 melting1 juicy1 mild yet with a piquant1 pleasing sourness2 stone roundish1 turgid1 clinging to the flesh more than to the stem2 ripens in ,august4 ,grosse ,gomballoise4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aej1 #aea4 #ahhb4 ,bigarreau ,grosse ,gomballoise4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,fruit large to very large1 thickly cordate1 often elongated1 truncate at the ends2 suture deep1 but a colored line on one side2 stem long1 stout1 set in a large1 deep cavity2 skin thick1 firm1 intense purple changing to almost black2 flesh purple1 firm1 juicy1 sugary1 vinous1 aromatic2 pit of medium size2 ripens at the end of ,june4 ,grosse ,guigne ,blanche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #beh4 #ahai4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cae1 #caf fig4 #ahgg4 ,guigne a gros fruit blanc4 #c4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afa1 ,pl4 #a fig4 #c4 #agfh4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ih1 #ii4 #ahff4 ,kleine weisse ,frhkirsche4 #e4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bgh4 #ahjb4 ,guigne ,blanche4 #f4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 #g4 ,pom4 ,france #g3,no4 #bj1 ,pl4 #bj4 #ahga4 ,early ,white ,guigne4 #h4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aab4 #ahcb4 ,white ,heart4 #i4 ,floy-,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #ajg4 #ahdf4 ,an old variety1 probably of ,french origin1 which1 according to ,leroy1 was described by ,merlet in #affg4 ,fruit large1 attached in pairs1 cordate1 slightly elongated2 stem medium in length1 set in a wide cavity2 skin dull yellow1 tinged and mottled with dull red2 flesh whitish1 tender1 juicy1 slightly acidulated2 quality fair1 insipid in wet seasons2 stone large1 ovoid1 clinging2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,grosse ,guigne ,noire ,court ,pdicelle4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejc4 #ahfj4 ,guignier ,gros ,fruit ,noir et ,court ,pdoncule4 #b4 ,pom4 ,france #g3,no4 #bh1 ,pl4 #bh4 #ahga4 ,an old variety of uncertain origin4 ,fruit large1 roundish-cordate2 suture broad2 stem short1 set in a narrow1 shallow cavity2 skin tender but firm1 beautiful black at maturity2 flesh soft1 juicy1 agreeable2 quality good2 stone of medium size1 oval1 reddish2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,grosse ,hckerige ,marmorkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3db4 #aheh4 ,fruit very large1 uneven1 roughened1 dark red2 flesh hard1 rather sweet2 ripens at the end of ,july2 not very productive4 ,grosse ,mogulkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,obstbume #afj4 #agia4 ,fruit large1 cordate1 red1 dotted here and there with white2 flesh mild2 excellent2 pit small4 ,grosse ,morelle4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhd4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ede-edh4 #ahai4 ,grosse ,morelle double8 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,fruit large1 globular2 stem medium in length1 slender1 set in a smooth cavity2 skin glossy1 smooth1 inky-black2 flesh blood-red1 veined1 juicy1 wine-sour1 not unpleasant2 stone of medium size1 blood-red2 ripens from the end of ,june to ,july2 often dried4 ,grosse ,nonnenkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhg4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #eag1 #eah1 #eai4 #ahai4 ,varrenne1 ,de4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ef4 #ahca4 ,grosse ,cerise des ,religieuses4 #d4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ig1 #ih1 fig4 #di4 #ahhb4 ,probably of ,french origin4 ,tree moderately productive2 fruit of medium size1 round1 sides unevenly compressed1 with a shallow suture2 stem long1 set in a wide cavity2 skin brownish-black1 glossy2 flesh tender1 colored1 juicy1 subacid2 stone small1 very broad1 clinging to the stem2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,grosse ,picarde4 ,p4 cerasus4 ,the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture received this variety from ,f4 ,jamin1 ,bourg-la-,reine1 ,france1 in #aije1 after which trees were sent to this ,station for testing4 ,tree vigorous1 rapid in growth2 fruit of the ,montmorency type1 above medium in size1 roundish-cordate1 slightly compressed2 cavity intermediate in depth and width1 abrupt2 suture a line2 apex roundish2 stem slender1 long2 skin moderately thick1 tough1 separating readily from the pulp1 very dark red2 dots numerous1 small1 obscure2 flesh dark red1 stringy1 tender1 melting1 astringent1 sour1 juicy2 poor to fair in quality2 stone of medium size1 ovate1 slightly pointed1 smooth1 tinged with purple2 season very late4 ,grosse ,schwarze ,frhe ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3b1 ,tab4 #b fig4 #b4 #agib4 #b4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bgd4 #ahjb4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #aeh4 #ahai4 ,guigne ,gros ,fruit ,noir ,htif4 #d4 ,pom4 ,france #g3,no4 #be1 ,pl4 #be4 #ahga4 ,this cherry differs from ,frhe ,maiherzkirsche in having a firmer flesh4 ,fruit above medium in size1 cordate1 pointed1 black2 suture distinct on one side2 stem long1 slender1 deeply set2 ripens in ,june4 ,grosse ,schwarze ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bge4 #ahjb4;,gemeine ,schwarze ,herzkirsche4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #adb-ade1 #aef1 #aeg4 #ahai4 ,gemeine ,schwarze ,herzkische4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #adb-ade1 #aef1 #aeg1 #ahai4 ,guignier gros fruit noir8 #e4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejb4 #ahfj4 ,fruit large1 cordate1 flattened on one side2 stem long1 set in a deep cavity2 skin thick1 dark red changing to black1 pitted2 flesh rather firm1 tender1 fibrous1 dark red1 juicy1 exceedingly sweet and refreshing1 with a slightly bitterish after-taste2 stone clinging2 ripens in ,july4 ,grosse ,spte ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bgg4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bjj1 #bja4 #ahai4 ,found in a ,german garden in #agig2 distinguished from ,elkhorn in ripening later4 ,fruit large1 round1 flattened on the sides and apex2 skin black1 glossy2 stem thick2 flesh firm1 juicy2 ripens early in ,august4 ,grosse ,ssse ,maiherzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #abf-acj4 #ahai4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bj4 #aheh4 ,grosse ,ssse ,maikirsche4 #c4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffb4 #agig4 ,fruit above medium in size1 roundish-cordate1 sides compressed2 stem of medium length1 stout1 set in a narrow1 shallow cavity2 skin tough1 almost black2 flesh tender1 reddish-black1 juicy1 sprightly1 rich2 stone of medium size1 broadly cordate1 with a faint point2 ripens at the end of ,june2 used for table and kitchen4 ,grosse ,tardive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahgf4 ,grosse spte ,amarelle4 #b4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #eh4 #aijg4 ,grosse ,tardive is thought to have originated near ,paris1 ,france4 ,it ripens the first of ,august when all other sweet1 black cherries are gone4 ,the tree resembles ,montmorency4 ,grosse ,transparente4 ,species8 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3fj4 #aijj4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,grosse ,ungarische ,kirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #ff-fh4 #agij4 ,ungarische ,herzkirsche4 #b4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffa4 #agig4 ,grosse schwarze ungarische ,herzkirsche4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bj4 #aheh4 ,fruit large1 oval1 rather angular2 stem medium in length2 cavity deep1 irregular2 suture distinct2 skin glossy1 black2 flesh dark red1 fine-grained1 aromatic1 sweet2 stone large1 oval2 ripens early in ,july2 productive4 ,grosse de ,verrires4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #ga1 #gb1 ,pl4 #ahgj-ga4 ,this cherry is extensively grown at ,verrires1 ,france1 where it is often called1 ,la ,grosse4 ,the fruit1 however1 is but a trifle larger than ,cerise ,commune from which it differs only in its slightly elongated-cordate form2 stem medium in length2 skin deep red2 flesh red1 juicy1 sweet2 season the middle of ,july4 ,grosse de ,wagnellee4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfe4 #ahfi4 ,a vigorous1 productive cherry of ,belgian origin2 fruit large1 oval2 skin yellow1 washed and spotted with red2 flesh tender1 juicy1 sweet2 ripens in ,july4 ,grosse ,weinkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #che4 #ahha4 ,grosse-,griotte vin4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ba1 #aif4 #ahgf4 ,fruit flattened1 roundish1 rather large2 stem rather long2 suture indistinct2 skin very dark1 glossy red2 flesh tender1 dark red1 juicy1 sprightly1 acid2 pit egg-oval2 ripens in ,july2 used for conserves and coloring wines4 ,grosse ,weisse ,frhkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bhe1 #fgi1 #fhj4 #ahai4 ,fruit large1 truncate-cordate1 one side compressed1 with a shallow suture2 stem long1 stout1 set in a wide1 shallow cavity2 skin firm1 tough1 pale yellow1 washed with deep red2 flesh firm1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasing2 stone small1 round1 plump1 partly clinging2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,groth ,braune ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ceh4 #ahhi4 ,listed without description in this reference4 ,groth ,gelbe ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ef4 #aijg4 ,bigarreau jaune de ,groth4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bg1 #ahi4 #ahgf4 ,groth's ,wachskirsche4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccg1 #ceh4 #ahhi4 ,tree vigorous and very productive2 fruit rather large1 truncate-cordate2 skin transparent1 brilliant yellow2 flesh rather firm1 very sweet1 agreeable2 first quality2 matures early in ,july4 ,grnstiel-,kirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bb4 #aheh4 ,fruit black1 of medium size1 obtuse-cordate1 noticeably furrowed2 stem long1 shallowly inserted2 flesh firm1 colored1 subacid2 pit of medium size1 round1 somewhat clinging2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,guben4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #edi4 #aija4 ,bigarreau noir de ,guben4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,gubener ,schwarze ,knorpel4 #c4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #cfi4 #ahha4 ,late ,black ,bigarreau8 #d4 ,guide ,prat4 #ah4 #ahie4 ,guben originated near the town of the same name in ,prussia1 ,germany4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-cordate1 sides slightly compressed2 suture indistinct2 stem rather long2 cavity shallow2 skin firm1 glossy1 nearly black2 flesh firm1 dark red1 sweet1 with a pleasing sourness2 pit roundish2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,gubens ,ehre4 ,species8 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ceh4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,lange ,allgem4 ,garten4 #dbc4 #ahig4 ,fruit large1 dark red1 with a slightly aromatic flavor4 ,guigne ,anglaise ,blanche ,prcoce4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,guigne d',argovie4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,guigne ,blanche ,prcoce4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3caf4 #ahgg4 ,received by ,leroy from ,germany in #ahfj and said by him to lack size and quality4 ,guigne ,bonne ,alostoise4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cei4 #ahhi4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,guigne de ,buxeuil4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,listed without a description4 ,guigne ,carne ,winkler4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cag1 #cah fig41 #cai4 #ahgg4 ,winkler weisse ,herzkirsche4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bgh1 #bgi4 #ahai4 ,guigne ,blanche de ,winkler4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3afa1 #afb1 fig4 #gi4 #ahff-gc4 ,guigne de ,winkler4 #d4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ae1 #aii4 #ahgf4 ,this variety is said to be a seedling raised by a ,herr ,winkler at ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 about #ahaf4 ,fruit attached in pairs1 large1 roundish-cordate1 compressed2 suture not prominent2 stem long1 inserted in a deep1 narrow cavity2 skin flesh-colored2 flesh tender1 slightly fibrous1 light yellow1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasingly aromatic2 pit of medium size1 plump1 oval2 ripens the second week of the cherry season4 ,guigne de ,chamblondes4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cei4 #ahhi4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,guigne ,chamonale4 ,p4 avium4#a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aea4 #ahhb4 ,flowers and foliage only described4 ,guigne ,chavanne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cei4 #ahhi4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,guigne ,courte-queue d',oullins4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3fb fig41 #fc1 #bah4 #ahff4 ,guigne courte queue8 #b4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #bj4 #ahhg4 ,this variety is said to have originated at ,oullins1 near ,lyons1 ,france4 ,tree vigorous1 upright1 productive2 fruit rather large1 obtuse-cordate1 truncate2 stem short to very short1 inserted in a shallow1 narrow cavity2 suture a well-marked line2 skin rather thick1 glossy1 shaded with red changing to deep black2 flesh red1 tender but not soft1 sweet with some acidity1 agreeable2 quality excellent2 pit large for the size of the fruit1 ovoid2 ripens early in ,june4 ,guigne ,ecarlate4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,a worthless1 medium-sized1 red1 oval fruit1 with firm flesh1 ripening in ,july4 ,guigne de l',escalier4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bd4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #aa4 #ahie4 ,this is a large1 brownish-black1 ,french cherry of the ,heart class4 ,fruit with an uneven surface2 flesh red1 sugary1 sweet2 first quality2 ripens the first of ,july4 ,guigne de ,gland4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bac4 #ahhj4 ,guigne de ,gland received its name from the small community of ,gland1 ,aisne1 ,france1 where it appears to have been first cultivated4 ,it is one of the first to be found on the markets2 is very productive1 and of good quality2 fruit large1 clear red1 very sweet4 ,guigne ,grosse ,rouge ,htive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,a firm1 red1 cordate cherry of second quality for table use2 ripens in ,july4 ,guigne ,grosse ,rouge ,tardive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,listed in this reference4 ,guigne ,guindole4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aih4 #ahgf4 ,many writers1 including ,leroy1 believe this cherry to be identical with the ,flamentine4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 grown for market2 fruit large1 elongated-cordate2 skin deep red with carmine mottling on a yellowish ground2 flesh tender1 soft1 juicy1 sugary2 matures the last part of ,june4 ,guigne ,htive d',elsdorf4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bg1 #aih4 #ahgf4 ,a ,german variety much recommended4 ,guigne ,marbre4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pom4 ,france #g3,no4 #ah4 ,pl4 #ah4 #ahga4 #b4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits4 #bhf4 #ahhi4 #c4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france #ebc4 #aijf4 ,the origin of this variety is uncertain4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-cordate2 suture wide1 shallow2 stem of medium length1 set in a shallow1 wide cavity2 skin glossy1 white1 washed with a rose color changing to carmine1 adherent to the pulp2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 sweet1 faintly aromatic2 pit small1 roundish2 ripens early in ,july4 ,guigne ,marie ,besnard4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ae4 #ahgf4 ,a large1 oblong1 ,heart cherry of good quality2 skin light yellow overspread with red2 flesh tender1 juicy2 late4 ,guigne de ,nice4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bd4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #aa4 #ahie4 ,fruit very large1 oblong1 light red2 season early in warm years2 trees rather tender4 ,guigne ,noir ,luisante4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjh4 #ahed4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,guignier gros fruit noir luisant4 #c4 ,duhamel ,trait ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afb1 #afc4 #agfh4 ,grosse glnzende schwarze ,herkirsche4 #d4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3b1 ,tab4 #c fig4 #b4 #agib4 #e4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #adf1 #adg4 #ahai4 ,grosse ,guigne noire luisante4 #f4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3gb fig4 #gc1 #gd1 #bah4 #ahff4 ,guigne ,reinette noire4 #g4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bd4 #ahgf4 ,guigne noire htive gros fruits4 #h4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #ajh fig41 #aji4 #aijd4 ,this variety should not be mistaken for the ,black ,spanish of the ,germans although ,elliott speaks of it as such with the statement that it was grown in ,new ,jersey about #ahbc1 from whence it was introduced into ,ohio4 ,it was known as ,guigne ,reinette ,noire about the provinces of ,main and ,anjou1 ,france1 where it is said to have originated4 ,some authors have confused it with ,hogg's ,black ,heart from which it differs in being more firm4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 productive2 fruit large1 usually attached in threes1 obtuse-cordate1 plump2 suture wide2 stem medium in length1 inserted in a rather wide1 deep cavity2 skin thick1 glossy1 brownish-red changing to black2 flesh colored1 tender1 fibrous1 juicy1 sweet1 vinous2 quality good2 pit small1 roundish-oval1 turgid2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,guigne ,noire ,htive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,guignier ,gros ,fruit noir htif4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ccj fig41 #cca4 #ahgg4 ,this old variety originated in ,france early in the ,sixteenth ,century4 ,tree moderately productive2 fruit attached in threes1 large1 obtuse-cordate1 irregular2 stem long1 stout2 cavity large2 skin becomes reddish-black2 flesh deep red1 fibrous1 juicy1 acidulated1 sweet2 quality fair2 pit above medium1 ovoid1 plump2 ripens the last of ,may4 ,guigne ,noire de ,monstreux4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bd4 #ahgf4 ,described by ,m4 ,m4 ,vrilhac1 nurseryman at ,annonay1 ,france1 as a large1 good1 productive cherry ripening the first part of ,june4 ,guigne ,nouvelle ,espce4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,guigne ,olive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3gi1 #hj fig41 #ha1 #bbj4 #ahff4 ,fruit large1 elongated-oval1 more pointed at the cavity2 suture wide2 stem long1 slender1 set in a slightly deep1 abrupt cavity2 skin at first rose-colored1 marbled with red changing to almost black2 flesh tender1 colored1 agreeably acid1 with a slight bitterness2 pit very large1 oval1 resembling the pit of an olive2 ripens at the beginning of ,july4 ,guigne ,petite ,blanche4 ,p4 vium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,guigne ,petite ,rouge4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort ,soc4 ,cat4 #ea4 #ahca4 ,listed in this reference4 ,guigne la ,plus ,htive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ea-ed1 fig4 #ahff4 ,guigne marbre prcoce4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3aae1 #aaf1 fig4 #ef4 #ahff-gc4 ,guigne d',annonay4 #c4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ae1 #aig4 #ahgf4 ,fruit of medium size1 cordate1 often slightly elongated2 skin thin1 mottled with red changing to almost black2 stem moderately slender1 set in a rather deep1 wide cavity2 flesh purplish1 tender1 juicy1 agreeably acidulated2 pit small1 ovoid2 ripens the last of ,may4 ,guigne ,prcoce ,leo d',ounons4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #fe4 #ahha4 ,this variety was found in an orchard near ,vigne1 ,france4 ,the fruit is large and sweet with an agreeably aromatic juice2 ripens the first half of ,june4 ,guigne ,prcoce de ,mathre4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 ,early ,mathere4 #b4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #daf4 #ahii4 ,tree vigorous2 fruit of medium size1 roundish-oval2 stem short2 skin red2 flesh yellowish-red1 juicy1 sweet2 stone small1 clinging2 early4 ,guigne ,prcoce ,ponctue4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3bjh4 #ahff4 ,a variegated cherry with uncolored juice1 mentioned by ,mortillet4 ,guigne de ,provence4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ah4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aeb4 #ahhb4 #c4 ,guide ,prat4 #ah4 #ahie4 ,although very similar to ,transparente de ,co1 according to ,guide ,pratique1 #ahie1 ,guigne de ,provence is a distinct variety4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit of medium size1 obtuse-cordate2 skin reddish-carmine2 flesh rather firm1 sweet2 first quality2 matures the last half of ,june4 ,guigne ,ramon ,oliva4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #cee4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #aab fig41 #aac4 #aijd4 ,a chance seedling noticed first by ,m4 ,charoz1 horticulturist1 at ,pyramide-,trelaz1 near ,angers1 ,france4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit large1 usually borne in twos or threes1 roundish-cordate2 suture indistinct2 stem long2 color brownish-black1 glossy2 flesh fine1 juicy1 sweet2 pit large1 oval2 ripens early in ,june4 ,guigne ,rose ,htive4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bd1 #aii4 #ahgf4 ,kleine frhe rothe ,herzkirsche4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #afd4 #ahai4 ,rosenrothe ,maikirsche4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ah4 #aheh4 #d4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ee fig41 #ef4 #ahfj4 ,guignier fruit rose htif4 #e4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejc4 #ahfj4 ,guigne ,rose ,htive was received by ,jahn from ,dochnahl who believed ,rheinpfalz1 a former palatinate in ,germany1 to be its home4 ,tree productive1 drooping2 fruit of medium size1 uneven particularly about the stem1 roundish-cordate1 sides flattened2 suture indistinct2 stem medium in length2 cavity shallow2 skin rose-colored in the middle of ,may1 later changing to a reddish-purple or black2 flesh tender1 with colored juice1 sweet if ripe2 stone rather large1 ovate to oval2 ripens at the end of ,may or the beginning of ,june4 ,guigne ,rouge ,commune4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aeb4 #ahhb4 ,the flowers and foliage only are described4 ,guigne ,rouge ,ponctue4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3hi fig41 #ij1 #ia1 #bah4 #ahff4 ,this cherry is similar to ,rothe ,molkenkirsche but is different in pit4 ,it was found in the province of l',isere1 ,france4 ,fruit large to above1 depressed at both extremities1 flattened on both sides1 one of which is traversed by a wide1 shallow suture2 stem above medium in length1 set in a shallow1 rather narrow cavity2 skin firm1 thick1 brilliant1 changing to deep red1 mottled2 flesh white1 faintly rose-colored especially about the pit1 moderately firm1 at maturity it loses its sourness becoming sugary and aromatic2 pit large1 oblong-oval2 ripens at the beginning of ,june4 ,guigne de ,russie ,fruit ,blanc4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,guigne ,trs ,prcoce4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #bge1 #cja4 #ahhd4 ,a very early1 black cherry1 a week earlier than the ,early ,purple4 ,fruit rather small1 obtuse-cordate1 irregular in outline2 stem long1 slender1 deeply inserted in a wide cavity2 skin quite black2 flesh very tender2 juice colored2 good4 ,guigne van der ,broek4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ci1 #dj4 #agga4 ,a very small1 juicy cherry similar to the ,black ,guigne in form1 color and taste2 somewhat oblong2 dark1 brownish-black2 of a very sweet1 agreeable taste4 ,guigne ,villeneuve4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ae1 #ahgf4 ,villeneuver ,herzkirsche4 #b4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #eg4 #aijg4 ,this variety is believed to be native to the region around the ,auvergne mountains1 ,france4 ,fruit very large1 quadrangular2 skin a vivid rose color overspreading a whitish ground2 ripens late in ,june4 ,guignier ,fruit ,noir et ,trs-long ,pdoncule4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejc4 #ahfj4 ,obtained from seed and fruited first in #ahbd4 ,tree erect1 vigorous2 fruit small1 conical1 black2 stem nearly four inches long2 flesh watery1 colored1 sweet1 agreeably acidulated4 ,guignier ,petit ,fruit ,noir4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejb4 #ahfj4 ,this variety differs from the ,grosse ,schwarze ,herzkirsche only in size of fruit4 ,guindoux ,noir de ,faix4 ,species8 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bf4 #ahgf4 ,mentioned by ,thomas without description4 ,gunsleber ,spte ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cbj1 #cba4 #ahai4 ,a seedling of ,white ,spanish ripening early in ,august4 ,fruit small1 blushed with light and dark red on a white ground2 flesh firm1 sweet2 unproductive4 ,halbgeflltblhende ,weichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ff1 #fg4 #aheh4 ,schwarze ,weichsel mit halb gefllter ,blte4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fjf1 #fjg1 #fjh4 #ahai4 ,truchsess says that only the semi-doubles have perfect pistils and the other flowers do not produce fruit4 ,fruit oblate2 stem long1 inserted in a shallow cavity2 skin thin1 tough1 glossy1 black2 flesh tender1 fibrous near the stem1 with dark juice1 pleasing4 ,halifax4 ,species8 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #id4 #ahed4 ,halifax is an old variety reported from ,maryland4 ,hallock4 ,p4 avium4 ,hallock is a supposed seedling of ,downer found by ,nicholas ,hallock1 ,milton1 ,new ,york2 not disseminated4 ,it resembles ,downer in color but is slightly smaller and about two weeks later4 ,hallowell4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,me4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #bb3age4 #aijf4 ,hallowell is a seedling of ,black ,tartarian4 ,hamell ,kirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,hamels ,arissen4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned in this reference4 ,hartlib4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,listed without a description4 ,hartlippe4 ,species8 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egb4 #afbi4 ,the ,hartlippe ,cherrie is so called of the place where the best of this kinde is noursed up1 being betweene ,sittingbourne and ,chattam in ,kent1 and is the biggest of our ,english kindes4 ,hartz ,mountain4 ,species8 #a4 ,minn4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dh4 #ahgd4 ,this variety was brought from ,germany by a ,mr4 ,meyer of ,st4 ,peter1 ,minnesota1 with whom it has proved hardy and productive4 ,htive de ,balis4 ,species8 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfb4 #ahhi4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,htive ou ,prcoce4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,listed without a description4 ,htive de ,prin4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #bhj1 #bha1 ,pl4 #ahic4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,priner ,frhweichsel4 #c4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,this variety was introduced by ,m4 ,maquerlot of ,fismes1 ,marne1 ,france4 ,it resembles ,montmorency in shape1 with a longer stem4 ,fruit often borne in fours2 cavity deep2 skin thin1 deep red2 flesh of a rose color1 transparent1 sugary1 acidulated1 juicy2 pit of medium size1 orbiculated4 ,htive de ,st4 ,jean4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,listed without a description4 ,headley4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned in this reference4 ,healy4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,sweet ,cat4 ,,ii4 #ahig4 ,healy is an old1 sweet variety thought to have come from ,pennsylvania2 introduced by ,george ,a4 ,sweet1 ,dansville1 ,new ,york4 ,hedelfingen4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #edi4 #aija4 ,hedelfingen ,risenkirsche4 #b4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #gg fig41 #gh4 #ahfj4 ,colassale d',hedelfingen4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cja4 #ahff4 ,gante d',hedelfingen4 #d4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aid4 #ahgf4 ,monstrueuse d',hedelfingen4 #e4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ei1 #fj1 fig4 #cj4 #ahhb4 ,bigarreau de ,hedelfingen4 #f4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #bj3afj4 #ahif4 ,this variety probably originated in the village of ,hedelfingen1 ,germany4 ,tree strong1 vigorous1 productive2 fruit very large1 obtuse-cordate2 suture noticeable on both sides2 stem very long2 cavity deep1 narrow2 skin glossy1 tough1 dark brown changing to black1 with light red dots2 flesh fibrous1 dark red1 more tender than many ,bigarreaus1 yet firm1 juicy1 pleasing1 aromatic2 stone of medium size1 long1 truncate at the base2 ripens in ,july2 good for table1 kitchen and market4 ,hedwigs ,kirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfb4 #ahhi4 ,listed but not described4 ,heidelberger ,kirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bij4 #ahjb4 ,a very dark1 black1 small1 short-stemmed ,sour ,cherry ripening at the beginning of ,september4 ,heiges4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #dj4 #ahie4 ,heiges is a seedling of the ,bigarreau type1 from ,c4 ,e4 ,hoskins1 ,springbrook1 ,oregon1 ripening there the last of ,june4 ,fruit large1 heart-shaped1 very smooth2 cavity medium in size and depth1 regular1 flaring2 stem short1 slender2 suture shallow1 narrow2 skin thin1 tenacious1 dark purplish-black1 with minute golden1 indented dots2 flesh very dark1 purplish-black1 with a few light veins1 meaty1 tender1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 quality best2 pit large1 oval1 semi-clinging4 ,heintzen 7,heintze's7 ,frhe ,kirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfb4 #ahhi4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,henneberger ,grafenkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #fge4 #agig4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #edh1 #edi1 #eej4 #ahai4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fd4 #aheh4 #d4 ,christ ,obstbume #aei4 #agij4 ,cerise du ,comte de ,henneberg4 #e4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cjg4 #ahff4 ,fruit of medium size1 flattened1 without a suture2 black when ripe2 stem long1 slender1 shallowly inserted2 flesh tender1 with a pleasant sourness2 ripens in ,july4 ,hensel ,early4 ,species8 #a4 ,horticulturist #bb3bcc fig4 #ahfg4 ,hensel is an accidental seedling found on the grounds of ,g4 ,w4 ,zahm1 ,lancaster1 ,pennsylvania1 and named after the former owner of the property4 ,tree moderate in growth1 hardy1 productive2 fruit roundish1 obtuse at the base2 stem slender2 flesh half-tender1 juicy2 good2 ripens the first part of ,june2 not disposed to rot4 ,herzkirsche ,lona ,quesnel4 ,species8 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #fb4 #ahhi4 ,mentioned but not described by ,mathieu4 ,herzkirsche ,trauben4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aec4 #ahhb4 ,the flowers and foliage only are described4 ,herzkirsche ,wils ,frhe4 ,species8 #a4 ,lange ,allgem4 ,garten4 #dci4 #ahig4 ,listed without a description4 ,herzkirschweichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #fgc4 #agig4 ,according to ,christ1 this cherry is a ,morello2 fruit large1 with an indistinct suture2 stem rather long1 deeply set2 color reddish-black2 flesh tender1 subacid2 stone cordate2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,herzog ,may4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ccj4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bb4 #ahib-ic4 ,imported by ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd from ,southwestern ,russia where it does well on wet1 unfavorable soil4 ,tree open and upright1 a true ,duke of the best quality4 ,hoadley4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bji fig4 #ahed4 ,hoadley was raised by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 in #ahdb1 and was named by ,elliott in honor of ,george ,hoadley of ,cleveland4 ,tree healthy1 vigorous1 with a round1 spreading head2 fruit above medium in size1 roundish-cordate2 stem of medium length2 cavity shallow2 skin pale yellow1 mottled and striped with clear carmine2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 juicy1 sweet1 sprightly1 almost translucent2 pit of medium size2 season the last of ,june2 valuable for table use but will not stand shipment4 ,hockenberg4 ,p4 cerasus4 ,mentioned in a letter from ,h4 ,back ,sons1 ,new ,trenton1 ,indiana1 as resembling an ,amarelle2 of no particular value4 ,hogg ,black ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #hd4 #ahff4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,fruit of medium size1 obtuse-cordate2 stem long2 skin black1 glossy2 flesh and juice dark1 rich1 sweet1 tender2 season at the beginning of ,july4 ,hogg ,red ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #hd4 #ahff4 ,fruit medium large1 roundish1 inclined to heart-shape2 stem long2 skin red1 mottled with amber-yellow2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 sweet1 rich1 with uncolored juice2 ripens the first of ,july4 ,hoke4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #bd4 #ahid4 ,hoke is a ,duke1 long known in ,york ,county1 ,pennsylvania1 and regarded as worthy of wider dissemination4 ,it originated at ,hanover1 ,pennsylvania1 with ,henry ,wirt1 and was known as ,wirt until the farm changed hands in #ahdh1 when it became known as ,hoke4 ,the fruit1 as grown at this ,station1 is large1 obtuse-cordate2 cavity large1 deep2 skin thick1 tough1 resisting rot in rainy weather1 dark1 mottled with red2 stem long1 moderately thick1 swollen at either end2 flesh firm1 meaty1 dark pink1 subacid1 sprightly2 quality very good2 stone medium2 season the last of ,june4 ,hllandische ,spte ,weichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #fgg4 #agig4 #b4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhh4 #ahjb4 ,hllandische ,kirsche4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #eig-eii4 #ahai4 ,hllandische ,weichsel4 #d4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fe4 #aheh4 ,this variety is distinguished from others of its class by its smaller stone1 tender flesh1 longer stem and later ripening4 ,tree never large1 productive2 fruit large1 nearly round1 sides slightly compressed2 suture distinct2 stem long2 color brownish-red2 flesh tender1 colored1 juicy1 very sour2 ripens in ,august but hangs until ,september4 ,holman ,duke4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #hf1 ,pl4 #ag fig4 #a4 #agbi4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ace1 #acf4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,floy-,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #ii4 #ahdf4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cdf1 #cdg fig4 #ahgg4 ,cerise ,royale ,tardive ,d',angleterre4 #e4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #a3ajg1 #ajh1 ,pl4 #ahec4 ,cherry-,duck4 #f4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejg4 #ahfj4 ,royale ,tardive4 #g4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aee1 #aef fig41 #aeg1 #aeh1 #cje4 #ahff4 #h4 ,pom4 ,france #g3,no4 #a1 ,pl4 #a4 #ahga4 #i4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,holman ,duke is thought to be of ,english origin and a seedling of ,may ,duke4 ,the name1 ,royale ,tardive1 a synonym of ,holman ,duke1 has been used interchangeably for several ,duke cherries4 ,fruit large to above1 roundish-cordate2 suture moderate2 stem above medium in size1 set in a rather deep1 narrow1 irregular cavity2 skin thin1 brownish-red changing to nearly black when fully mature2 flesh red1 fibrous1 juicy1 vinous1 acidulated2 pit of medium size1 ovoid2 dorsal suture not very apparent2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,holme ,late ,duke4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 ,mentioned by ,thomas without a description4 ,holstein4 ,species8 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ag3cfc4 #ahea4 ,a medium-sized1 round1 red1 seedling cherry4 ,homer4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3ga1 #gb4 #aijc4 #b4 ,jewell ,cat4 #ce4 #aijf4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,homer is a seedling of the ,morello type from ,new ,haven1 ,connecticut1 introduced from ,homer1 ,minnesota2 said to be valuable in the ,northwest4 ,fruit medium to large1 roundish-oblate2 stem short1 stout2 cavity shallow1 moderately broad2 skin red1 becoming darker1 thin1 rather tough2 flesh tender1 uncolored1 juicy1 mildly subacid2 pit round1 semi-clinging2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,honey4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #bea4 #ahag4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bag4 #ahed4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bdc4 #aheh4 ,large ,honey4 #d4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,yellow ,honey4 #e4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aaj4 #ahcb4 ,cream4 #f4 ,horticulturist #a3adh4 #ahdf-dg4 ,summer's ,honey8 #g4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bbh4 #ahdi4 ,late ,honey8 #h4 ,ibid4 #bce1 #bcf4 #ahdi4 ,honey1 though grown only in ,america1 is probably of foreign origin--an old sort renamed4 ,tree similar to ,black ,mazzard but more spreading4 ,fruit small1 roundish-oval1 yellowish1 mottled with red1 becoming deep amber-red2 stem long1 slender2 flesh tender1 melting1 juicy1 sweet2 pit large2 season the middle of ,july4 ,honey ,dew4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,conn4 ,bd4 ,agr4 ,rpt4 #aa3cdj4 #ahgg4 ,spoken of as a valuable variety originating in ,connecticut4 ,honeywood4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bje4 #ahdc4 ,mentioned as unworthy of cultivation4 ,hoppock ,yellow4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ab3afd4 #ahhf4 ,this variety originated in ,bucks ,county1 ,pennsylvania1 from seed sown by ,cornelius ,hoppock4 ,fruit of medium size1 cordate1 sweet2 very productive4 ,hoskins4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #bfb4 #ahib4 #b4 ,ibid4 #bib1 ,pl4 ,,vi4 #ahic4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aej4 #ahie4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahii4 ,hoskins originated with ,c4 ,e4 ,hoskins1#hf ,newberg1 ,oregon1 about #ahhj1 as a seedling of ,napoleon4 ,tree vigorous1 upright1 somewhat spreading2 fruit large1 roundish-cordate suture a line2 stem short1 set in a roundish cavity2 color dull purplish-red2 flesh purple1 fibrous1 firm1 sprightly1 sweet2 quality good2 ripens in mid-season4 ,hovey4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hovey ,fr4 ,am4 #b3be1 #bf1 ,pl4 #ahea4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3dje1 #djf fig4 #bg4 #ahec4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,hovey originated with ,c4 ,m4 ,hovey1 ,boston1 ,massachusetts1 being selected from a bed of seedlings in #ahci2 first fruited in #ahdh4 ,for a time it was considered a cherry of considerable value but at present it is but little known4 ,tree very vigorous1 upright1 spreading1 productive2 fruit large1 obtuse-cordate2 stem short1 rather stout2 skin rich amber mottled with brilliant red2 flesh pale amber1 rather firm but tender1 sprightly becoming sweet2 very good in quality2 stone slightly adherent to the pulp1 small1 oval4 ,hoy4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,chase ,cat4 #ab4 #aiji4 #b4 ,ibid4 ,pl4 #aiaj4 ,a new cherry recently found in one of the suburbs of ,philadelphia and introduced in #aiji by the ,chase ,nursery ,company1 ,geneva1 ,new ,york1 as a very valuable ,sweet ,cherry4 ,as grown at the ,geneva ,station it is smaller and no better than ,napoleon4 ,tree vigorous1 hardy1 healthy1 unproductive on the ,station grounds4 ,fruit large1 roundish-cordate1 slightly flattened1 with irregular surfaces2 cavity deep2 suture a line2 stem of medium thickness and length1 adhering to the fruit2 skin rather thin1 of medium toughness1 adhering to the pulp1 amber covered with light red1 sometimes spotted2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 stringy1 tender1 somewhat meaty1 crisp1 sprightly1 sweet2 quality good2 stone clinging1 roundish1 plump2 ripens in mid-season4 #hf ,oregon has given to pomology two notable breeders of cherries1 ,seth ,lewelling and ,c4 ,e4 ,hoskins1 the subject of this sketch4 ,cyrus ,edwin ,hoskins was born on a farm in ,clinton ,county1 ,ohio1 ,july #c1 #ahdb1 and there he grew to manhood4 ,almost at the first call for men to defend the ,union in the ,civil ,war1 ,mr4 ,hoskins responded and joined the #acth ,ohio regiment1 serving until the close of the war4 ,returning to ,ohio1 he gave attention to fruit culture1 testing many varieties of several fruits and producing some new grapes and berries4 ,in #ahgg ,mr4 ,hoskins moved to ,newberg1 ,yamhill ,county1 ,oregon1 settling on new land and thus becoming a pioneer in the ,northwest4 ,his first pomological venture in ,oregon was in growing prunes1 his orchard of this fruit being one of the first1 and he is credited with having built one of the first evaporators for the curing of prunes in ,america4 ,for some years he maintained his prune ranch and evaporator1 developing a product that gave him the highest reputation in prune markets and made him one of the leading authorities on this fruit in the ,united ,states4 ,early in his orchard work in ,oregon ,mr4 ,hoskins began to produce new varieties of cherries and soon offered for sale a number of promising seedlings of which ,vesta1 ,lake1 ,occident1 ,stryker and ,hoskins were most worthy4 ,unfortunately1 ill health in the family compelled ,mr4 ,hoskins to move from ,yamhill ,county1 to which place1 after having spent several years in ,jackson ,county1 ,oregon1 and in the ,hawaiian ,islands1 he returned with the expectation of taking up his work in breeding cherries and prunes1 but his death1 ,august #ah1 #aijh1 occurred before his work had been again well begun4 ,the ,pacific ,northwest owes a debt of gratitude to ,mr4 ,hoskins for the spendid part he played in developing the fruit industry of that region and pomologists the country over owe him much for his labors in breeding cherries4 ,hubbard4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #dcg4 #ahih4 ,hubbard is a variety of the ,morello class grown about ,villa ,ridge1 ,illinois4 ,tree dwarfish1 drooping1 bears early1 productive2 fruit large1 cordate1 nearly black2 precedes ,early ,richmond4 ,hungarian ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cjb4 #ahhd4 ,hungarian ,cherry of ,zwerts4 #c4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egd4 #afbi4 #d4 ,rea ,flora #bjf4 #afgf4 ,although there seems to be a discrepancy in the size of the cherry mentioned by ,parkinson and ,rea and the one described by ,hogg1 all three writers undoubtedly referred to the same sort4 ,while the first two references describe the variety as exceptionally large no definite statements are made1 thus giving strength to the following description made by ,hogg many years later4 ,tree productive2 fruit rather below medium in size1 obtuse-cordate2 skin amber1 mottled with red on the sunny side2 flesh white1 half-tender1 mildly sweet2 quality fair2 stone large1 ovate2 ripens in ,july4 ,hyde ,late ,black4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bcg4 #ahdi4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bfb4 #aheg4 ,this variety originated with ,t4 ,g4 ,hyde1 ,newton1 ,massachusetts4 ,tree strong in growth1 productive2 fruit medium in size1 obtuse-cordate1 purplish-black2 flesh half-firm1 melting1 juicy2 resembles ,eagle but is later4 ,hyde ,red ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhd4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #age4 #ahde4 ,hyde's ,seedling4 #c4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bcb4 #ahdi4 ,another seedling from ,t4 ,g4 ,hyde1 ,newton1 ,massachusetts4 ,tree vigorous1 hardy1 spreading1 productive2 fruit of medium size1 cordate2 stem short2 skin pale yellow1 becoming lively red2 flesh tender1 with a pleasant sprightliness1 juicy2 season early ,july4 ,imperial ,morello4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bgi4 #aheg4 ,poitou griotte4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adh4 #ahcb4 ,imperial4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bji4 #ahed4 ,griotte ,impriale4 #d4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ag1 #aie4 #ahgf4 #e4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #ag3i4 #ahib4 ,griotte ,courte ,queue4 #f4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bhd fig41 #bhe4 #ahgg4 ,guindoux du ,poitou4 #g4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aac1 #aad1 fig4 #eg4 #ahhb4 ,kaiserliche ,weichsel4 #h4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfd4 #ahhi4 ,an old variety recently introduced into the ,northwest where it has proved very hardy4 ,tree small1 low-headed1 productive1 bears early2 fruit medium to large1 roundish-oval2 stem very short1 shallowly inserted2 skin very dark red2 flesh tender1 juicy1 pleasantly acid when ripe2 pit small1 long1 pointed2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,incomparable en ,beaut4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,intorka4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #ffg4 #ahig4 ,intorka is an importation from ,russia4 ,fruit of medium size1 round1 yellow and red2 flesh firm1 yellowish1 subacid4 ,jaune de ,prusse4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mc,intosh ,bk4 ,gard4 #b3edd4 #ahee4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dff4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ic1 #id1 fig4 #dg4 #ahhb4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit small1 obtuse-cordate2 stem long1 slender1 inserted in a narrow cavity2 skin firm1 light yellow1 translucent2 flesh yellowish-white1 tender1 juicy1 sweet but slightly bitter before it is fully ripe2 pit large for the size of the fruit2 ripens after ,downer4 ,jean ,arendsen4 ,species8 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cg4 #agga4 ,according to ,knoop1 it closely resembles the round ,pragische ,muskateller in both form and color but is not as good in quality4 ,jenkin ,black ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 ,mentioned without description4 ,jerusalem ,kirsche von der ,natte4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aec1 #aed4 #ahhb4 ,flowers and leaves only are described4 ,jerusalemskirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #eeg-efa4 #ahai4 ,spte ,knigliche ,weichsel4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3h1 ,tab4 #ai fig4 #b4 #agib4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #efa-efc4 #ahai4 ,spte grosse knigliche ,weichsel4 #d4 ,christ ,handb4 #fhc4 #agig4 ,pyramidenkirsche4 #e4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bia4 #ahjb4 ,pyramidenweichsel4 #f4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ebi-eca4 #ahai4 ,the origin of this old variety is unknown but it was chiefly grown in ,germany4 ,tree unproductive2 fruit large1 oval1 with a shallow suture2 stem long1 set in a shallow cavity2 skin dark red1 changing to black1 glossy2 flesh moderately firm1 juicy1 pleasing subacid2 pit large1 walnut-shaped1 clinging2 ripens the last of ,july in ,germany4 ,jocosot4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh1 #djd4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aig fig4 #ahed4 ,jockotos4 #c4 ,hooper ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #bgj4 #aheg4 ,jocosot was raised by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 in #ahdb1 from a pit of the ,yellow ,spanish and named after an ,indian chief4 ,tree thrifty1 round-topped1 productive2 fruit large1 regular1 obtuse-cordate1 indented at the apex1 sides compressed2 suture broad2 stem long1 set in a cavity of medium size2 skin glossy1 of a dark-liver color1 almost black2 flesh tender1 with indistinct radiating lines1 juicy1 sweet2 pit below medium in size1 smooth2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,joel ,keil ,kleine ,schwarze ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bb4 #aheh4 ,fruit small1 roundish-cordate2 suture indistinct2 stem long1 slender1 shallowly inserted2 skin black2 flesh rather firm1 sweet1 juicy1 colored2 pit oval1 clinging2 ripens the middle of ,july to the middle of ,august4 ,june ,amarelle4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ccj4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3gb4 #aijc4 ,cerisier juniat4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fdi1 #fej1 #fia4 #ahai4 ,junius ,amarelle4 #d4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3gj4 #aheh4 ,juniat ,amarelle4 #e4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 #f4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbh4 #ahhh4 #g4 ,vt4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3bdc4 #ahih-ii4 ,june ,morello4 #h4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ai3edh4 #ahib4 ,truchsess refers to this cherry as having been described by ,sickler in #ahje4 ,budd1 in his importations of #ahhc1 from ,russia1 included this variety4 ,tree of medium size1 vigorous1 rather unproductive2 fruit above medium in size1 roundish-oblate2 stem stout1 of medium length2 suture indistinct2 skin thin1 rather tough1 separating readily from the pulp1 light red2 flesh firm1 meaty1 yellowish1 juicy2 flavor subacid2 quality fair2 stone of medium size1 somewhat round2 season that of ,early ,richmond which it resembles in size1 flavor and color4 ,june ,duke4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,hooper ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #bfi4 #aheg4 ,shippen4 #b4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #bdh4 #ahag4 ,a tart variety similar to ,may ,duke1 known about ,philadelphia as ,shippen and ,wetherill4 ,tree vigorous2 fruit large and pleasing2 ripens late in ,june4 ,justinische ,morello4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bia4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ebc1 #ebd4 #ahai4 ,justinische ,amarelle4 #c4 ,christ ,handb4 #fhc4 #agig4 ,this variety is separated from other ,sour ,cherries ripening with it1 through its firm flesh1 its straight1 shallowly set stem and its astringent1 sour flavor4 ,fruit of medium size1 roundish1 sides broadly compressed2 stem of medium length1 rather stout2 suture shallow2 skin tough1 brownish-red2 flesh dark red1 with clear red juice4 ,kamdesa4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 persica4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ajh3aijh4 ,noted in the reference as a cross between the ,sand ,cherry and the ,opulent peach4 ,the blossoms show a tendency to double4 ,kappenblttrige ,sssweichsel4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3dg4 #aheh4 ,distinguished from ,may ,duke through its smaller fruit and rolled leaves4 ,kassin ,frhe ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lauche ,ergnzungsband #fja4 #ahhc4 #b4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3fj4 #aijj4 ,kassin1 a vineyardist1 in ,potsdam1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 raised this sort from seed4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-cordate1 sides compressed2 suture indistinct2 stem of medium length1 thick1 set in a small cavity2 skin dark brown changing to reddish-black1 dotted2 flesh dark1 juicy1 sweet2 excellent2 stone roundish-oval2 ripens the first week of the season4 ,katie4 7,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus7 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an4 #hf fig4 #ahfi4 ,katie is a seedling of ,louis ,philippe crossed with a ,mazzard4 ,the tree has the ,mazzard habit of growth1 yet produces fruit resembling ,may ,duke in form and size but deeper in color2 flesh tender2 matures with ,downer4 ,kaufmann4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cde4 #aijf4 ,kaufmann is a stray seedling of ,english ,morello from ,minnesota4 ,it is larger and a little longer in stem than the supposed parent and ripens with the last of the ,early ,richmond4 ,kazan ,seedling4 ,species8 #a4 ,vt4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3bdj4 #ahih-ii4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,kelly4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bec4 #aijc4 ,a ,sweet ,cherry from ,berrien ,county1 ,michigan4 ,kennicott4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baj fig4 #ahed4 ,kennicott was raised by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland and named by ,elliott after ,dr4 ,j4 ,a4 ,kennicott of ,northfield1 ,illinois4 ,tree vigorous1 hardy1 spreading1 productive2 fruit large1 oval-cordate1 compressed2 suture shallow2 stem short1 inserted in an irregular cavity2 skin amber-yellow1 mottled with bright1 clear1 glossy red2 flesh yellowish-white1 firm1 juicy1 sweet2 pit below medium in size1 smooth2 ripens about the middle of ,july4 ,kentish ,drier4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,a medium-sized1 red cherry of first quality used for culinary purposes2 ripening in ,july4 ,confused by some with ,early ,richmond4 ,kentish ,preserve4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,listed without a description4 ,keokuk4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baj fig4 #ahed4 ,keokuk is another seedling raised by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 from a pit of ,yellow ,spanish1 probably crossed with ,black ,tartarian1 ,black ,mazzard1 or ,may ,duke4 ,tree vigorous1 strong2 fruit large1 cordate2 stem stout2 skin dark purplish-black2 flesh half-tender1 purple1 rather coarse2 deficient in flavor2 pit of medium size2 season early in ,july4 ,kesterter ,frh ,kirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfd4 #ahhi4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,king ,george the ,second4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,brookshaw ,pom4 ,brit4 ,pl4 #f4 #ahag4 #b4 ,brookshaw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #a3c1 ,pl4 ,,ii fig4 #a4 #ahbc4 ,this variety is distinguished from other black cherries by its uneven surface4 ,fruit large1 with a rich1 sweet flavor2 ripens the first of ,june and hangs for six weeks4 ,king ,morello4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gh4 #ahij4 #b4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3fj4 #aijj4 #c4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgg4 #aijc4 ,king ,morello is another of ,budd's importations from ,russia4 ,tree very hardy1 moderate in growth2 fruit large1 oblate2 stem variable2 skin dark red2 flesh yellowish-white1 firm1 sprightly1 juicy1 good2 pit very small2 ripens with ,early ,richmond4 ,kirsche von ,basel4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ai fig41 #bj4 #ahfg4 ,jahn1 in his ,handbuch1 calls attention to the error in calling this variety ,bigarreau ,htif de ,bale as it is not a ,bigarreau but a variegated ,heart4 ,fruit compressed unevenly giving it a cordate appearance1 small2 suture shallow2 apex slightly depressed2 stem long1 slender1 set in a shallow cavity2 skin thin1 bright yellow washed with pale red1 mottled and streaked2 flesh pale yellow1 soft1 with abundant1 uncolored juice1 pleasing but not high in quality2 stone large1 roundish1 slightly pointed2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,kirchheimer4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bij4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #edi4 #aija4 ,kirchheimer ,weichsel4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ehj-ehc4 #ahai4 #d4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #he fig41 #hf4 #ahfg4 ,this old cherry is from ,kirchheim1 ,erfurt1 ,prussia1 ,germany4 ,it is propagated by root cuttings and is used for wine and for canning4 ,it is mentioned as growing in ,british ,columbia but is otherwise not spoken of by ,american writers4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 drooping2 fruit of medium size1 round2 suture a line2 stem long1 slender1 shallowly inserted2 skin thin1 glossy1 almost black when ripe2 flesh mild subacid1 pleasing1 juicy2 stone small1 oval1 turgid2 ripens at the end of ,july4 ,kirtland ,morello4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,horticulturist #bb3bib1 #bic fig4 #ahfg4 ,kirtland's ,large ,morello4 #b4 ,horticulturist ,n4 ,s4 #c3abc4 #ahec4 ,large ,morello4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baj4 #ahed4 ,a seedling originated by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio2 it thrives in sections of the south and west where ,sweet ,cherries are generally unsuccessful4 ,tree vigorous1 spreading2 fruit uniformly distributed1 borne in pairs1 large1 uniform1 roundish2 stem short2 cavity round1 narrow2 skin glossy1 dark red2 flesh tender1 juicy1 acid2 high quality2 pit small2 ripens early in ,july4 ,kleindienst ,braune ,knorpel4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfe4 #ahhi4 ,bigarreau ,brun ,kleindienst4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ahd1 #ahe fig4 #ahgg4 ,leroy1 in #ahff1 stated that this variety was raised from seed by ,m4 ,kleindienst1 a vineyardist at ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany4 ,tree moderately productive2 fruit usually borne in pairs1 large1 cordate1 flattened2 stem long1 moderately stout2 skin vivid red1 changing from grayish-red to almost black2 flesh of a whitish-rose color1 firm1 filamentose1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulated1 aromatic2 first quality2 pit large1 ovoid2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,kleine ,amarelle4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fdd-fdf4 #ahai4 ,truchsess states that this variety was described by ,bttner in #agig1 as ,kleine ,glaskirsche but that it belongs to the ,amarelles4 ,tree productive2 fruit small1 globular1 pale reddish-yellow2 flesh melting1 watery2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,kleine ,bunte ,frhkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bdh-bea4 #ahai4 ,bigarreau petit fruit rouge htif4 #b4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aff1 #afg4 #agfh4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dg4 #ahca4 ,bigarreautier petit fruit rouge4 #d4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cjh-caj4 #ahai4 ,bigarreau rouge htif 7petit74 #e4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bdc fig41 #bdd4 #ahgg4 ,petit ,bigarreau ,htif8 #f4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aje1 #ajf1 fig4 #ec4 #ahhb4 ,fruit of medium size1 usually attached in pairs1 irregular1 cordate1 flattened on both faces2 stem long1 slender2 skin almost wholly red1 occasionally showing streaks of yellow2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 juicy1 aromatic2 pit of medium size1 ovoid2 ripens about the middle of ,june4 ,kleine ,bunte ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bai-bbb4 #ahai4 ,kleine bunte ,molkenkirsche4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bh4 #aheh4 ,fruit small1 nearly round1 sides compressed2 suture distinct2 stem long1 slender1 deeply inserted2 skin dull blood-red1 with yellow spots2 flesh tender1 pale yellow1 juicy1 honey sweet2 stone small2 ripens at the end of ,june4 ,kleine ,frhe ,amarelle4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fej-feb4 #ahai4 ,fruit small1 round1 flattened2 stem short2 suture a line2 skin clear red1 transparent1 tender2 flesh tender1 pleasant subacid2 stone small1 adhering more to the stem than to the flesh2 ripens the last half of ,july4 ,kleine ,natte4 ,species8 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfe4 #ahhi4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,kleine ,nonnenkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort #ehe-ehh4 #ahai4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fe1 #ff4 #aheh4 ,this variety is a seedling of the common wild ,sour ,cherry4 ,the fruit is the smallest of the ,sour ,cherries and resembles the black ,bird cherries but has a shorter stem4 ,tree of medium size1 drooping2 fruit very small1 oblate2 stem short1 shallowly inserted2 skin glossy1 black1 thin but tough2 flesh firm1 tender1 juicy1 with a peculiar sourness2 stone small1 round1 adhering to the flesh more than to the stem1 stained violet2 ripens early in ,august continuing for three weeks4 ,kleine ,schwarze ,frhe ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #aee1 #aef4 #ahai4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bj4 #aheh4 ,no doubt this variety1 the ,kleine ,schwarze ,herzkirsche1 and the ,black ,heart greatly resemble each other and some writers combine them4 ,kleine ,schwarze ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bge4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #adh1 #adi4 #ahai4 ,mayer's kleine schwarze ,herzkirsche4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bb4 #aheh4 ,this variety is distinguished from the ,grosse ,schwarze ,herzkirsche only through its size and later ripening2 fruit regular1 cordate1 somewhat flattened2 skin brownish-black2 flesh soft1 tender2 ripens the latter part of ,july4 ,kleine ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bgg4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #aie-aig1 #fgd4 #ahai4 ,distinguished from others of its class through its smallness and firmness4 ,fruit small1 variable1 flattened at the ends2 suture often lacking2 skin very dark brown2 flesh firm1 dark red1 juicy1 not unpleasant but not excellent2 stone small2 ripens early in ,august2 productive4 ,kleine ,weisse ,frhkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bef-beh4 #ahai4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bg4 #aheh4 ,described as one of the first to ripen4 ,fruit of medium size1 oblate1 compressed2 stem long1 inserted in a shallow basin2 skin tough1 yellowish-white1 shaded with red2 flesh tender1 juicy1 sweet2 ripens early in ,june4 ,kleiner ,frher ,may ,herzkirschbaum4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3a1 ,tab4 #b fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,distinguished from the ,grosser ,frher ,mai-,herzkirschbaum by its inferior size and lighter flesh and juice2 ripens at the end of ,may4 ,knapp4 ,species8 #a4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bij4 #ahhi4 ,this cherry is a seedling from ,george ,knapp1 ,lafayette1 ,oregon2 introduced by ,e4 ,r4 ,poppleton1 #ahhe2 fruit of medium size1 round1 black4 ,knight ,late ,black4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bjd4 #ahdc4 ,bigarreau-noir de ,knight4 #c4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,fruit large1 black1 obtuse-cordate1 firm2 second quality2 ripens at the end of ,july4 ,knudson4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 ,according to a letter from the ,utah ,experiment ,station1 this variety was discovered by ,william ,o4 ,knudson1 ,brigham ,city1 ,utah1 in #ahif4 ,although similar to ,late ,duke1 further testing may prove it distinct4 ,tree bears early1 hardy2 fruit medium to large1 bright scarlet2 ripens over a long period2 used for pies and canning4 ,knyasnaia ,sjevera4 ,p4 cerasus ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,s4 ,p4 ,i4 ,bul4 #gb3eai4 #aiab4 #b4 ,ibid4 #gc3ecf ,pl4 #aiab4 ,this is a large-fruited cherry1 originated in #ahhh by the ,russian plant-breeder1 ,i4 ,v4 ,mijurin1 at ,kozlov1 ,central ,russia1 and named ,knyasnaia ,sjevera1 meaning ,queen of the ,north4 ,the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture introduced it into this country under the number #cbfgd4 ,it is claimed to be a hybrid between an early ,vladimir and a variety of ,sweet ,cherry called ,white ,winkler4 ,it possesses excellent shipping and keeping qualities4 ,this cherry has stood the severe winters of ,central ,russia very well and may be expected to thrive in parts of the ,middle ,west and where the climate is more or less semi-arid4 ,tree vigorous1 upright1 with few side branches2 trunk smooth and clean2 fruit large1 pale red1 with a fresh sour-sweet flavor2 ripening about the end of ,june4 ,koch ,spte ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ch4 #aheh4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfe4 #ahhi4 ,originated about #ahea4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-cordate2 suture shallow2 stem medium long1 shallowly inserted2 skin glossy1 black2 flesh firm1 piquant2 quality high2 stone small1 roundish-oval2 ripens at the end of ,august4 ,kochs ,ostheimer ,weichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,kochs verbesserte ,ostheimer ,weichsel4 #b4 ,reut4 ,pom4 ,inst4 ,festschrift #abb4 #aiaj4 ,a strong-growing1 productive variety1 said to exceed its parent1 ,ostheim1 in size1 color1 and flavor4 ,koeper4 ,species8 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #cda4 #ahic4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,kolaki4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3bi1 #cj1 fig4 #ae4 #ahhb4 ,according to ,oberdieck1 this variety is of ,bohemian origin4 ,fruit of medium size1 cordate1 slightly elongated2 apex obtuse2 suture distinct2 stem medium long1 slender1 set in a narrow1 shallow cavity2 skin moderately firm1 transparent1 yellow in the sun1 purplish in the shade2 flesh tinged yellow1 tender1 juicy1 somewhat sugary2 first quality2 pit small1 oval1 flattened at the base1 obtuse at the apex2 ripens the first of ,june4 ,korkovanyer ,kirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ef4 #aijg4 ,listed but not described4 ,koslov4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgh4 #aijc4 ,koslov bush ,morello4 #b4 ,can4 ,hort4 #ab3baf1 fig4 #eh1 #bah4 #ahhi4 ,koslov-,morello4 #c4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abh4 #aijj4 ,the ,koslov cherries are seedlings1 not a single variety4 ,a number of seedlings were imported by the ,ontario ,fruit ,growers' ,association in #ahhi1 from ,koslov1 ,crimea1 ,russia1 where they were grown by ,russian peasants1 being propagated from pits4 ,the trees are low1 bush-shaped1 slow in coming into bearing and most of the fruit is worthless4 ,the one most grown is moderately large1 roundish1 pointed at the apex2 suture barely traceable2 stem long1 set in a slight depression2 skin dark red1 turning black2 flesh dark red1 tender1 juicy1 acid2 ripens from the last of ,july to the last of ,august4 ,kostelnice4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ai1 #bj1 fig4 #aj4 #ahhb4 ,originated in ,neustadt1 ,prussia1 ,germany4 ,tree moderately vigorous2 fruit medium to below in size1 obtuse-cordate2 stem short1 set in a straight1 rather deep cavity2 skin tough1 vivid purple changing to almost black2 flesh tender1 juicy1 vinous1 agreeably acidulated2 good2 stone very small1 ovoid1 turgid2 ripens early in ,june4 ,kostelniti4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,kriek van den ,broek4 ,species8 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #afe1 #aff4 #ahai4 ,this variety1 coming to ,truchsess in #ahjh1 from ,holland1 was confused with several others received at the same time4 ,kritzendorfer ,einsiedekirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,obstzchter #h3eb4 #aiaj4 ,an intensely black1 large1 late cherry which is valued for market because of its color4 ,kronberger ,kirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bgd4 #ahjb4 ,kronkirsche4 #b4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffc4 #agig4 ,kronberg ,black ,heart4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #abd-abf4 #ahai4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #i3bjc4 #ahdc4 ,kronberger ,herzkirsche4 #e4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #dh4 #ahca4 ,wildling von ,kronberg4 #f4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #bi fig41 #cj4 #ahfg4 ,bigarreau de ,kronberg4 #g4 ,guide ,prat4 #ae1 #ahb4 #ahie4 ,according to ,german pomologists1 this variety was raised from seed at ,kronberg1 ,prussia1 ,germany4 ,tree productive2 fruit of medium size1 obtuse-cordate1 sides unevenly compressed2 suture indistinct2 stem long1 stout1 set in a shallow cavity2 skin tough1 glossy1 black when mature1 lighter along the suture2 flesh firmer than others of its class1 dark red1 aromatic1 sweet2 pit broadly cordate1 somewhat adherent2 ripens at the end of ,june4 ,kronprinz von ,hannover4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #dgi fig41 #dhj4 #ahfa4 ,prince ,royal du ,hanovre4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cjb4 #ahff4 ,bigarreau ,prince ,royal de ,hanovre4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bcb fig4 #ahgg4 ,prince de ,hanovre4 #d4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3dc1 #dd1 fig4 #bb4 #ahhb4 ,grown by ,m4 ,lieke1 a nurseryman at ,hildesheim1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 fruiting for the first time in #ahed4 ,tree moderately vigorous1 productive2 fruit large1 usually attached in pairs1 roundish to pointed-cordate2 suture shallow2 stem long1 slender1 inserted in a rather deep cavity2 skin rather tender1 glossy1 yellowish1 streaked and mottled with red2 flesh firm1 yellowish1 juicy1 pleasingly acidulated2 pit medium large1 ovate1 plump2 ripens early in ,june4 ,krger ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #fg fig41 #fh4 #ahfj4 ,krgers schwarze ,herzkirsche4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #afa1 #afb4 #ahai4 ,krgers ,herzkirsche zu ,frankfurt4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eb4 #ahca4 ,guigne de ,kruger4 #d4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aih4 #ahgf4 #e4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3gg1 #gh1 fig4 #ci4 #ahhb4 ,this cherry was first heard of at ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 in #ahaj4 ,it is distinguished from ,eagle in being larger1 shorter stemmed1 lighter in color1 and less tender in flesh4 ,tree vigorous1 productive1 upright2 fruit large1 obtuse-cordate1 oblate2 suture shallow2 stem medium long1 rather deeply inserted2 skin dark brown or black2 flesh dark red1 juicy1 vinous1 tender1 yet often firm2 stone small1 roundish-oval1 plump1 adhering slightly to the flesh on one side2 ripens about the middle of ,july4 ,la ,nappe4 ,species8 #a4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,listed in this reference4 ,lacure 7,large74 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egb4 #afbi4 ,the great ,lacure or ,hart ,cherrie differeth not in forme1 but in greatnesse1 being usually twice as great as the former ,lacure 7,small71 and of a reddish blacke colour also3 both of them are of a firme substance1 and reasonable sweete4 ,some doe call the white cherrie1 the ,white hart cherrie4 ,lacure 7,small74 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egb4 #afbi4 ,the smaller ,lacure or ,hart ,cherrie is a reasonable faire ,cherrie1 full above1 and a little pointing downward1 after the fashion of a heart1 as it is usually pointed1 blackish when it is full ripe1 and lesser than the next ,lacure 7,large74 ,lad ,late4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3fj4 #aijj4 ,von ,lade's ,spte ,knorpelkirsche4 #b4 ,lauche ,ergnzungsband #fje4 #ahhc4 ,bigarreau ,tardif de ,lad4 #c4 ,guide ,prat4 #ae1 #ahd4 #ahie4 ,a ,german variety probably raised from seed by ,m4 ,lad4 ,fruit of medium size1 long1 cordate1 compressed at the stem1 roundish at the apex2 suture indistinct2 stem long1 thin1 slightly curved2 cavity shallow2 skin yellowish overspread with glossy light red1 darker in the sun1 faintly streaked2 flesh firm1 yellowish1 sweet1 vinous2 excellent2 stone long1 oval2 ripens in ,september lasting a month2 productive4 ,lady of the ,lake4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,country ,gent4 #bh3cih4 #ahff-fg4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfg4 #ahfi4 ,lady of the ,lake is a seedling from ,charles ,pease1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,tree vigorous1 upright-spreading1 productive2 fruit medium to large1 roundish-obtuse-conic1 compressed1 with a shallow suture2 stem medium1 inserted in a deep cavity2 skin light yellow1 shaded and mottled with bright crimson2 flesh half-tender1 pale yellow1 juicy1 sweet1 rich2 season according to the climate1 early ,may to late ,june4 ,lady ,southampton4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #he4 #ahff4 ,lady ,southampton's ,yellow4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahg4 #ahde4 ,according to the reference1 this is an almost worthless yellow ,bigarreau4 ,fruit of medium size1 heart-shaped2 skin yellow2 flesh pale1 firm1 rather dry1 with uncolored juice1 season the middle of ,july4 ,laeder ,kirsebaer4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 ,mentioned but not described4 ,lake4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bf4 #aiji4 ,lake was named in honor of ,professor ,e4 ,r4 ,lake1 then of the ,oregon ,agricultural ,college1 by the originator1 ,c4 ,e4 ,hoskins1 ,springbrook1 ,oregon4 ,the tree came into bearing about #ahib and is reported in the ,american ,pomological ,society's fruit list of #aiji as succeeding well in the northwest4 ,fruit large1 sweet1 and very good4 ,laker or ,loker ,bunte ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,lamaurie4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #agg3ca4 #ahii4 ,early ,lamaurie4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfa4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bhf1 #bia4 #ahhi4 ,the chief asset of this variety is its earliness for which it is cultivated in ,england1 ,france and ,america4 ,the parentage and originator are unknown4 ,tree of medium vigor and productiveness2 fruit large1 roundish-cordate1 compressed2 stem slender2 skin thin1 moderately tough2 color dark reddish-purple2 flesh dark red1 juicy1 stringy1 tender1 mild1 sweet2 of very good quality2 season very early4 ,lampen ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bjd1 #bje1 #fgf4 #ahai4 ,lampers ,knorpel-,kirsche4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 ,bigarreau noir de ,lamp4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cjb4 #ahff4 #d4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aij4 #ahgf4 #e4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bbf fig41 #bbg1 #ceb4 #ahgg4 ,a ,german cherry raised from seed at ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 in #ahaj1 and named for its originator4 ,fruit above medium in size1 attached in twos and threes1 obtuse-cordate2 stem slender1 set in a wide1 shallow cavity2 skin thin1 rather dark reddish-brown2 flesh dark red1 rather firm1 juicy1 sugary1 wine-like2 second quality2 pit large1 oval2 ripens early in ,june4 ,lancaster4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afc4 #ahha4 #b4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aaa4 #aijj4 ,lancaster is an accidental seedling on the grounds of ,daniel ,smeych1 ,lancaster1 ,pennsylvania4 ,tree moderately vigorous1 more open and spreading than ,early ,richmond2 fruit medium large1 heart-shaped to oblate1 slightly roundish2 cavity deep1 broad2 stem long1 slender2 suture very slight2 apex small2 skin light red1 very thin1 tender2 flesh white1 moderately soft1 juicy1 sweet with a sprightly flavor2 stone roundish1 slightly ovate1 partially free2 season ,june4 ,langsurer ,prachtweichsel4 ,species8 #a4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,mentioned in this reference4 ,large ,black ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,a medium-sized1 firm1 black ,heart cherry of poor quality1 ripening early in ,july4 ,large ,double ,flowering4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thacher ,am4 ,orch4 #bag4 #ahbb4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aaa4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aii4 #ahde4 ,merisziere4 #d4 ,rea ,flora #bj4 #afgf4 ,merise ,fleur ,double4 #e4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3aeg4 #agfh4 #f4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 ,kramelkirschenbaum mit gross gefllter ,blthe4 #g4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3d1 ,tab4 #h4 #agib4 ,herzkirschenbaum mit grosse gefllter ,blthe4 #h4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffh4 #agig4 ,ssskirschenbaum mit ganz gefllter ,blte4 #i4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cfc-cgj4 #ahai4 ,geflltblhende ,ssskirsche4 #aj4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ah4 #aheh4 ,this variety in growth and foliage resembles the ,mazzard and ,black ,heart and not the common double-flowering cherry with its small tree and small1 pointed leaves4 ,the flowers which appear at the usual season are produced in the most showy profusion being from one to one and one-half inches in diameter2 they are composed of about forty white petals disposed in the form of a rose1 with about thirty stamens and a large1 abortive pistil4 ,the numerous double flowers1 resembling clusters of small1 white roses1 make the tree a very useful ornamental4 ,large ,griotte4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adh4 #ahcb4 ,large ,griotte resembles ,griotte ,commune but is larger and earlier2 skin glossy black2 flesh dark red1 firm1 sweet1 pleasing4 ,large ,guindolle4 ,species8 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adi1 #aej4 #ahcb4 ,leaves are deeply indented1 double-toothed2 fruit large1 flattened at the ends1 pale red2 flesh white1 melting1 juicy2 ripens at the end of ,june or beginning of ,july4 ,large ,heart-shaped ,bigarreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abi4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aii fig4 #ahed4 ,bigarreau ,gros ,monstrueux4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #df4 #ahca4 ,bigarreau ,gros ,coeuret4 #d4 ,ibid4 #df4 #ahca4 #e4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dec4 #ahfi4 ,monstrous ,heart4 #f4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #gh1 #hg4 #ahff4 ,a variety of ,french origin which was never extensively grown in ,america4 ,tree strong1 vigorous1 productive2 fruit large1 roundish-cordate2 suture often raised2 stem variable1 set in a shallow cavity2 skin dark1 glossy red1 nearly black1 surface uneven2 flesh firm but tender1 reddish1 pleasant1 moderately juicy2 good in quality2 stone large1 oval2 ripens the first of ,july4 ,large ,late ,red ,bigarreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abh1 #abi4 #ahcb4 ,bigarreau gros ,fruit ,rouge ,tardif4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #df4 #ahca4 ,the fruit is somewhat smaller and much later in maturity than that of the ,large ,red ,bigarreau4 ,the color is dark red on the shaded side and on the other a brownish-red1 almost black which has given it the name ,black ,bigarreau2 flesh firm1 juicy and of excellent flavor4 ,large ,spanish4 ,species8 #a4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 #a3aged4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,laroses ,glaskirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #agg fig41 #agh4 #ahfj4 ,larose4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ceb fig41 #cec4 #ahgg4 ,this cherry was raised from seed in #ahbf by ,m4 ,larose1 of ,neuilly-sur-,seine1 ,france4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit usually borne in pairs1 large1 obtuse-cordate2 sides compressed2 suture shallow2 stem medium in length1 set in a large1 deep cavity2 skin glossy1 tough1 mottled with pale red becoming darker2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 slightly fibrous1 juicy1 mildly acid2 pit rather large1 plump1 oval1 flattened at the base2 ripens the last of ,july4 ,late ,bigarreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,horticulturist #b3abd4 #ahdg-dh4 #b4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bce4 #ahdi4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aii4 #ahed4 ,late ,bigarreau was raised in #ahdb by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,tree vigorous1 round-topped1 very productive2 fruit large1 obtuse-cordate1 occasionally somewhat angular2 stem long2 skin attractive yellow1 occasionally nearly overspread with crimson-red1 delicately blotched or mottled2 flesh yellowish1 with distinct radiating lines1 juicy1 firm1 crisp1 sweet1 pleasant2 very good in quality2 stone rather small1 roundish2 season late1 the same as ,downer4 ,late ,black ,bigarreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acj4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aab fig4 #be1 #aac1 #aad4 #ahff4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cch4 #ahhi4 ,this variety differs from ,black ,bigarreau in being smaller1 less heart-shaped1 and in ripening later4 ,it was first known as ,bigarreau ,noir ,tardif but ,prince1 in #ahcb1 at which time he possibly brought it to ,america1 translated the name into ,english and called it ,late ,black ,bigarreau under which name it is now known in ,english and ,american pomologies4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright1 productive2 fruit medium to large1 cordate2 suture indistinct2 color dark brownish-red changing to glossy black2 flesh purplish-red1 with abundant1 highly colored juice1 very firm1 crisp1 sweet yet sprightly1 aromatic2 quality good2 ripens in mid-season or later4 ,late ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,according to the reference1 this is a small1 black ,heart of poor quality ripening early in ,july4 ,late ,large ,black ,griotte4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ade1 #adf4 #ahcb4 ,worthy of consideration because of its beauty and lateness1 often remaining on the tree until ,october4 ,tree of medium size2 branches numerous1 slender2 fruit large1 roundish2 stem very long2 skin dark red1 nearly black2 flesh red1 very acid and bitter1 somewhat milder at maturity4 ,late ,purple ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #he4 #ahff4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfh4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bd4 #ahgf4 ,a large1 dark red1 ,german variety ripening the latter part of ,july2 flesh firm1 juicy1 agreeable4 ,late ,richmond4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3aaa4 #aijj4 #b4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3gc4 #aijc4 ,the origin of this variety is uncertain but it seems to have been grown in the ,middle ,west about forty years ago4 ,it is supposed to be a seedling of ,early ,richmond differing from its parent in ripening later1 being of better quality1 and more upright in growth4 ,fruit round1 conical2 stem thick1 moderately long2 cavity shallow1 broad2 skin thin2 flesh tender1 with abundant1 colorless juice1 acid2 quality good2 ripens a week or ten days later than ,early ,richmond2 unproductive4 ,late ,ripe4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,gerarde ,herball #aejd1 #aeje1 fig4 #e4 #afcf4 ,according to ,gerarde1 this cherry is similar to the wild ,english cherry in branches and foliage but the flowers are often doubled2 fruit small1 round1 dark red1 often dried with the stems on2 used by physicians4 ,late ,white ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aac4 #ahcb4 ,fruit nearly round1 with a deep suture2 skin whitish or very pale amber1 tinged with light red2 flesh firm1 agreeable2 ripens in ,france in ,september4 ,latham4 ,species8 #a4 ,ont4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #c3de4 #ahif4 ,listed as having been grown at the ,simcoe ,station4 ,laura4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfh4 #ahfi4 ,laura originated with ,charles ,pease1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,tree spreading1 upright1 productive2 fruit medium to large1 heart-shaped1 globular1 often one-sided2 stem medium1 inserted in a shallow depression2 skin pale yellow1 largely overspread with rich1 bright red2 flesh white1 juicy1 sweet1 rich1 half-tender2 pit medium to small2 ripens early in ,june and hangs well4 ,leather ,stocking4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baa1 #bab4 #ahed4 ,leather ,stocking was grown by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 in #ahdb1 from a pit of ,yellow ,spanish4 ,tree vigorous1 hardy1 moderately productive2 fruit large1 heart-shaped1 often obtuse2 skin faint red becoming a rich reddish-black when fully ripe1 with irregular stripes and blotches of black2 cavity deep1 open2 flesh firm1 tinged with red1 sweet1 fair2 pit of medium size2 season the last of ,july4 ,leib4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #ad3bh4 #ahgb4 #b4 ,horticulturist #bi3bef4 #ahgd4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afc4 #ahha4 ,this variety was brought from ,germany about #ahej and planted in the garden of a ,mr4 ,leib1 ,galena1 ,illinois4 ,it resembles ,early ,richmond and was claimed to be very productive and hardy at the time of its introduction2 it has not been widely disseminated4 ,tree hardy1 healthy1 upright in growth1 bearing abundantly2 fruit of a crimson color1 sweet2 quality good2 season the end of ,june1 following ,early ,richmond4 ,leitzkauer4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhg4 #ahjb4 ,sauer ,einmach and ,backkirsche4 #b4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #gc1 #gd4 #agij4 ,leitzkauer ,einmachweichsel4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #efg-efi4 #ahai4 ,no doubt the name of this cherry arises from the cloister1 ,leitzkau1 in ,magdeburg1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 where it is widely planted4 ,it is propagated by root cuttings and if not pruned1 grows tall1 weak and drooping4 ,fruit medium to small1 roundish2 stem long2 skin dark brown to glossy black2 flesh reddish1 juicy1 sour2 stone small1 red2 ripens in ,august2 of little value4 ,lemercier4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,hort4 ,reg4 7,am47 #a3cdc1 #cdd4 #ahce4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3cii fig41 #djj4 #ahdg4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #he4 #ahff4 #d4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 #e4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cec1 #ced fig4 #ahgg4 ,frhe ,lemercier4 #f4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #aeg fig41 #aeh4 #ahfj4 ,discovered by ,m4 ,lemercier in ,brabant1 ,belgium1 about #ahcj2 introduced into ,paris in #ahce and into ,america in #ahdb4 ,it resembles ,late ,duke with which it ripens4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-cordate2 suture shallow2 stem long1 inserted in a wide1 deep cavity2 skin glossy1 transparent1 mottled with red2 flesh yellowish before ripe1 becoming red1 firm but melting1 juicy1 slightly acidulated1 with a peculiar fragrance2 stone rather large1 roundish1 truncate at the base1 slightly clinging2 ripens the last of ,july4 ,lopold 7,,ii74 ,species8 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfg4 #ahhi4 ,mentioned but not described4 ,leopoldskirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #fgd4 #agig4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #efd-eff4 #ahai4 ,griotte de ,lopold4 #c4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bf1 #aie4 #ahgf4 ,this variety was received by ,truchsess in #agif from ,pastor ,winter as ,brusseler ,bruyn by which name it was called by a few ,german pomologists4 ,it should not be confused with the present ,brusseler ,braune4 ,fruit large1 almost round1 compressed on one side2 skin dark brown changing to nearly black2 flesh dark red1 juicy1 melting1 mild when mature2 stone almost round2 ripens toward the end of ,july4 ,the drooping branches1 the small1 sour cherry leaves which turn yellow and drop and the sweetness in flavor separate it from the ,grosse ,morelle4 ,leschken 7,leschke's7 ,schwarze ,knorpel ,kirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfg4 #ahhi4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,lethe4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #dj4 #ahie4 ,lethe was grown by ,c4 ,e4 ,hoskins1 ,springbrook1 ,oregon4 ,fruit of the ,bigarreau type1 large1 heart-shaped1 surface smooth1 glossy2 cavity medium in size and depth1 irregular1 flaring1 marked by irregular waves2 suture shallow2 stem very long1 slender1 curved2 skin thin1 tenacious1 purplish-black2 dots minute1 indented2 flesh very dark purplish-red1 firm1 meaty1 juicy1 mild subacid1 almost sweet2 quality good2 pit large1 oval1 semi-clinging2 ripens the last of ,june in ,oregon4 ,liefeld ,braune4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfg4 #ahhi4 ,guigne brune de ,liefeld4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #f1 #aia4 #ahie4 ,tree of medium size1 very vigorous and productive2 fruit large1 cordate1 brownish1 mottled2 flesh red1 sweet2 of first quality2 matures early in ,june4 ,lieke ,bunte ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #fa fig41 #fb4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfg4 #ahhi4 ,bigarreau ,tardi de ,lieke4 #c4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ba1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,originated with ,herr ,lieke of ,hildesheim1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 fruiting for the first time in #ahea4 ,the fruit is one of the latest to ripen2 large1 obtuse-cordate1 compressed2 stem long1 slender1 inserted in a rather wide1 deep cavity2 suture indistinct2 skin glossy1 tough1 yellow1 streaked and spotted with a mild red2 flesh faintly yellow1 firm1 sweet with a pleasing sourness2 stone small1 oval2 season late4 ,lincoln 7,i74 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfh4 #ahfi4 ,lincoln is a vigorous1 spreading variety1 found near ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,fruit large1 oblong-cordate1 pointed2 suture broad1 shallow2 stem long2 cavity deep2 skin dark brown when ripe2 flesh firm1 veined and mottled with shades of red1 juicy1 sprightly1 sweet1 pleasant2 pit above medium in size2 season the first to the middle of ,july4 ,lincoln 7,,ii74 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bhi4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3bi4 #aiaj4 ,seth ,lewelling of ,milwaukee1 ,oregon1 raised this variety in #ahfe probably from a seed of ,eagle4 ,tree large1 spreading1 with an open top1 seriously affected with black aphis2 fruit of medium size1 roundish-cordate2 skin very dark1 thick1 tough2 stem short2 flesh firm1 deep red1 juicy2 good quality2 pit small1 round4 ,lindley4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baa4 #ahed4 ,lindley was raised by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland from seeds given him by ,m4 ,lindley1 ,euclid1 ,ohio4 ,tree vigorous1 moderately prolific2 fruit large1 heart-shaped1 surface uneven2 skin dark purplish-red2 flesh almost firm1 tinged red1 juicy1 deficient in richness2 season the first of ,july4 ,lipp4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bgi4 #aijc4 ,lipp ,late ,blood4 #b4 ,green ,cat4 #bi4 #aijf4 ,lipp originated in ,lancaster1 ,pennsylvania4 ,fruit large1 dark red or crimson2 stem long2 flesh and juice very dark1 meaty2 late4 ,litham4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,stone ,wellington ,cat4 #cc4 #aijg4 ,this is a ,russian cherry introduced by ,stone ,wellington1 ,toronto1 ,ontario4 ,fruit of medium size2 color red2 flesh firm4 ,little ,phil4 ,species8 #a4 ,wyo4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #cd3abi4 #ahig4 ,mentioned as not hardy in ,wyoming4 ,logan4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjj fig4 #ahed4 #c4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bd1 #bja4 #ahgf4 ,logan is another of ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland's cherries originating in #ahdb from a pit of ,yellow ,spanish4 ,tree hardly healthy1 somewhat spreading2 fruit large1 obtuse-cordate1 with a shallow depression at the apex2 stem variable1 set in a deep cavity2 skin purplish-black when ripe2 flesh firm1 dark red1 with white1 radiating lines1 juicy1 sweet1 rich2 pit above medium in size1 oval2 mid-season4 ,long ,finger4 ,species8 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egd4 #afbi4 ,the long finger ,cherry is another small long red one1 being long and round like a finger1 whereof it took the name34444 ,look ,no ,further4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat ,off4 ,rpt4 #bid4 #ahec4 ,this variety was introduced into this country in #ahae1 from the ,royal ,gardens of ,luxembourg1 ,paris1 by ,samson ,v4 ,s4 ,wilder of ,bolton1 ,massachusetts4 ,said to be very productive1 sweet1 large and attractive4 ,lord ,belhaven ,white ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ef4 #ahca4 ,mentioned but not described4 ,lothaunner ,erfurter4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned in this reference4 ,lothkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhh4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #eie-eig4 #ahai4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fe4 #aheh4 ,fruit large1 nearly round1 flattened on one side2 stem long2 skin reddish-black2 flesh very tender1 red1 sour2 ripens the first of ,august4 ,louise4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,chase ,bros4 ,cat4 #bj4 #aijg4 ,louise was found about #ahhg by the late ,lewis ,chase in the vicinity of ,rochester1 ,new ,york4 ,tree hardy1 productive2 fruit large1 dark red1 sour2 ripens in ,june4 ,louisiana ,iron ,clad4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,la4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #b3fhb4 #ahic4 #b4 ,ibid4 #aab3aa4 #aijh4 ,this cherry originated in ,louisiana about #aijj with ,a4 ,k4 ,clingman4 ,it is said to be the only cherry which will produce fruit in ,louisiana2 of the ,morello type4 ,lwener ,frhkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #cei4 #ahha4 ,frhe ,englische ,kirsche aus ,lwen4 #b4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #gi fig41 #hj4 #ahfg4 ,htive de ,louvain4 #c4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ag1 #bjj4 #ahgf4 ,lowener ,frhweichsel4 #d4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,this variety probably originated in ,belgium nearly half a century ago4 ,fruit variable in size1 often large1 sides and ends compressed giving it a square appearance2 suture shallow2 stem long1 strongly inserted in a wide1 regular1 deep cavity2 skin rather glossy1 dark brownish-red2 flesh dark red1 tender1 juicy1 acidulated1 refreshing2 stone plump1 almost round1 base abrupt1 with a slight depression2 early4 ,lucien4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bbh1 #bbi4 #ahai4 #b4 ,liegel ,syst4 ,anleit4 #aeg4 #ahbe4 #c4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3gi1 #hj1 fig4 #ch4 #ahff-gc4 #d4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfg4 #ahhi4 #e4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3fa4 #aijj4 ,guigne ,lucien4 #f4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aih4 #ahgf4 ,this foreign variety is planted in ,canada but is not known in the ,united ,states4 ,it was found by ,uellner in ,lneburg1 ,prussia1 about #ahjf4 ,leroy is of the opinion that this is the cherry he calls ,guigne ,carne ,winkler which came out a few years later as a seedling of ,winkler from ,guben1 ,prussia4 ,ludwig ,bigarreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #hf4 #ahff4 ,guigne ,ludwig4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aih4 #ahgf4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cbf fig4 #ahgg4 ,ludwig's ,bunte ,herzkirsche4 #d4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfg1 #cfh4 #ahhi4 ,ludwig is a seedling obtained by ,thomas ,rivers of ,sawbridgeworth1 ,england1 about #ahfj4 ,fruit large1 cordate1 terminating in a sharp point2 suture slightly indistinct2 stem very long1 slender1 inserted in a wide cavity2 skin glossy1 bright red1 paler on the shaded side2 flesh pale yellow1 tender1 melting2 pit small1 roundish1 plump2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,lukeward4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egb4 #afbi4 #b4 ,phillips ,comp4 ,gard4 #gi4 #ahca4 #c4 ,floy-,lindley ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 #ajf4 #ahdf4 ,lukeward's ,heart4 #d4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abe4 #ahcb4 ,a variety supposed to have come from ,italy which has long since passed from cultivation4 ,fruit cordate1 dark brown or nearly black2 ripens early in ,august4 ,lundie ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,forsyth ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees #dc4 #ahjc4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aah4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bah4 #ahed4 ,lundie ,guigne is an old ,english cherry first spoken of by ,forsyth in #ahjc4 ,tree vigorous1 large2 fruit medium in size1 roundish-elongated1 dark purplish-black2 flesh tender1 juicy1 subacid1 pleasant2 season ,july4 ,mc,adow4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an4 #hh fig4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cb4 #ahfi4 ,mc,adow is supposed to be a cross between ,black ,tartarian and ,elton1 grown from seed by ,dr4 ,mc,adow1 ,chillicothe1 ,ohio4 ,tree vigorous1 productive1 bears early2 fruit large1 obtuse-cordate1 compressed1 without a suture2 stem slender1 deeply inserted2 skin light1 pale yellow1 overspread and mottled indistinctly with light1 clear red2 flesh firm1 yellowish1 tender1 juicy1 pleasant but not rich2 quality good2 stone medium to large1 oval4 ,mac,roach4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,green-,river ,nur4 ,cat4 #bc4 #ahii4 ,this cherry was found near ,guthrie1 ,kentucky1 on the farm of ,john ,mac,roach1 where it has fruited for many years and is considered a very good cherry of the ,may ,duke type4 ,madame ,courtois4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #cce4 #ahgj-ga4 ,found by ,bonamy1 a nurseryman1 in #ahfj1 upon a farm belonging to the ,chteau of ,lamothe1 near ,puylaurens1 ,tarn1 ,france4 ,tree productive2 fruit large2 skin clear red2 flesh tinted with a rose color1 sweet1 very agreeable2 ripens in ,june-,july4 ,madame ,grgoire4 ,p4 avium4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bf4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #ah4 #ahie4 ,this variety is said in ,guide ,pratique1 #ahie1 to be very similar to ,reine ,hortense4 ,madeleine4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bf1 #bja4 #ahgf4 ,cerise ,commune 7de la ,madeleine74 #b4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3,no4 #ab1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 ,cerisier de la ,madleine4 #c4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejg4 #ahfj4 ,amarelle de la ,madleine4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3bje4 #ahff4 ,madeleine is probably a late strain of the old ,cerise ,commune formerly extensively grown about ,paris4 ,fruit of medium size1 roundish1 flattened at the ends2 suture a line2 stem medium in length2 skin clear red changing to brownish-red2 flesh whitish1 tender1 acid2 pit small2 ripens the last of ,july2 productive4 ,madison4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baa1 #ahed4 ,madison ,bigarreau4 #b4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bce4 #ahda4 #c4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cfg4 #ahdi4 ,madison's ,bunte ,herzkirsche4 #d4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfh4 #ahhi4 ,madison is a seedling of the ,white ,bigarreau1 raised by ,robert ,manning1 ,salem1 ,massachusetts4 ,tree healthy1 productive1 moderate in growth1 spreading2 fruit of medium size1 regular1 heart-shaped2 stem rather short1 slender2 skin heavily dotted and mottled with rich red on amber-yellow ground2 flesh yellowish1 rather tender1 juicy1 with agreeable sprightliness2 pit small1 oval2 season the last of ,june4 ,magann4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,new ,haven ,nur4 ,cat4 #ab4 #ahii-aijj4 ,magann is a hardy1 ,sweet ,cherry originating in ,franklin ,county1 ,missouri2 fruit large1 nearly black1 borne in large clusters4 ,magse4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bd4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cbg fig4 #ahgg4 ,magse was received by ,leroy from ,florence1 ,italy1 about #ahfd4 ,fruit large1 attached in twos and threes1 obtuse-cordate2 stem stout1 short1 inserted in a wide1 deep cavity2 skin yellow1 washed with carmine2 flesh yellowish1 moderately tender1 juicy1 sugary1 acidulated2 first quality2 stone small1 round1 plump2 ripens the first of ,june4 ,magnifique de ,daval4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aed4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cfh4 #ahhi4 ,the flowers and foliage are described by ,mas in his ,pomologie ,gnrale4 ,magog4 ,species8 #a4 ,okla4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #b3ac4 #ahib4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,mammoth4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ohio ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aj3dd4 #ahfb4 ,kirtland's ,mammoth4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #aih fig4 #ahed4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ca1 #cb1 fig4 #af4 #ahhb4 ,mammuthkirsche4 #d4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ef4 #aijg4 ,mammoth was raised1 probably about #ahdb1 by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland of ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 from a pit of a ,yellow ,spanish tree grown apart from other cherries4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 round-topped1 usually unproductive2 fruit of the largest size1 often averaging three and one-half inches in circumference1 obtuse-cordate1 with a large1 prominent suture2 stem of medium thickness1 long2 skin moderately thick1 attractive clear yellow1 blushed or mottled with light red2 flesh whitish1 with abundant1 uncolored juice1 fine-grained1 with distinct radiating lines1 nearly tender1 sweet yet almost sprightly2 very good in quality2 stone roundish-oval1 regular2 season early4 ,mammoth ,oxheart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pioneer ,nur4 ,cat4 #af4 #aije-jf4 ,listed1 probably not propagated at present4 ,manger4 ,species8 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #baa4 #ahif4 ,mentioned without a description4 ,manning ,early ,black4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhb4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bah4 #ahed4 ,this variety was grown from a pit of ,black ,heart by ,robert ,manning1 ,salem1 ,massachusetts4 ,it differs from the parent only in time of ripening1 which is ten days earlier1 and in form of tree1 which is more spreading4 ,manning ,early ,white ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bdc4 #ahda4 ,still another seedling raised by ,robert ,manning1 this one coming from a seed of ,white ,turkey ,bigarreau4 ,fruit of medium size1 cordate1 pale red1 amber in the sun1 sweet1 fine2 ripens in ,june4 ,manning ,late ,black4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhd4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bcd4 #ahdi4 ,manning ,black ,bigarreau4 #c4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bce4 #ahda4 ,black ,bigarreau4 #d4 ,bridgeman ,gard4 ,ass't ,pt4 #c3ed4 #ahdg4 ,this is another of ,robert ,manning's seedlings of the ,black ,heart4 ,tree vigorous1 hardy1 productive2 fruit medium in size1 roundish-cordate2 skin deep purple1 nearly black2 stem long2 flesh purplish-red1 firm1 rather juicy1 sprightly1 with a pleasant1 luscious flavor2 ripens the second week in ,july4 ,manning ,mottled4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agf4 #ahde4 #b4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #cfa4 #ahdi4 ,mottled ,bigarreau4 #c4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhc1 #ahdb4 ,robert ,manning1 ,salem1 ,massachusetts1 raised this cherry from a seed of ,white ,bigarreau4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit rather large1 roundish-cordate1 flattened on one side1 with a distinct suture2 stem slender1 inserted in a shallow cavity2 skin amber1 shaded and mottled with red1 with a semi-transparent1 glossy appearance2 flesh yellow when fully ripe1 tender1 with a sweet1 delicious juice2 stone large2 season at the end of ,june4 ,maple ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,brookshaw ,pom4 ,brit4 ,pl4 #h4 #ahag4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 ,this a rather firm-fleshed1 red ,heart of second size and third quality1 ripening in ,july4 ,marells ,royal4 ,species8 #a4 ,ariz4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ae3fe4 #ahie4 ,mentioned as having been planted in ,arizona4 ,maria ,gaucher4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #eg4 #aijg4 ,listed as a variegated1 hard-fleshed cherry4 ,marie de ,chteauneuf4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ah4 #ahgf4 ,probably named after the wife of the ,marquis de ,chteauneuf2 fruit very large1 obtuse-cordate1 purplish-black2 flesh rose-colored1 moderately firm1 juicy1 sugary1 agreeable2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,marie ,thrse4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ceh fig4 #ahgg4 ,this variety originated with ,m4 de ,luign near ,chteaugontier1 ,mayenne1 ,france1 and was named after his daughter ,marie ,thrse4 ,tree strong1 vigorous1 moderately productive2 fruit above medium in size1 roundish1 flattened at the ends2 suture broad2 stem long1 slender2 cavity small2 skin transparent1 firm1 red1 dotted with whitish-gray2 flesh yellow1 compact1 melting1 juicy1 aromatic2 first quality2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,markirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3bi1 #cj4 #aiaj4 ,tree large1 upright1 open-topped1 productive2 foliage frequently attacked by aphis2 fruit large1 dark red1 cordate1 with a short stem2 skin thick1 tender1 while the flesh is meaty and deeply stained2 stone round1 smooth2 ripens the third week in ,july1 often hanging on the trees until the middle of ,august4 ,marsotte4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ab4 #ahie4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit medium in size2 stem of medium length2 skin black2 flesh juicy1 sugary2 used in making ,kirschwasser4 ,mary4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #baa4 #ahed4 ,mary was raised by ,b4 ,b4 ,kirtland1 ,greenbush1 ,new ,york4 ,fruit borne in clusters1 having a bright1 lively red color and a sprightly subacid flavor4 ,master ,white ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ef4 #ahca4 ,listed in this reference4 ,mastodon4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ahe4 #ahid4 ,black ,mastodon4 #b4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bhi4 #ahhi4 ,mastodon is a seedling of ,pontiac and originated with ,w4 ,h4 ,chapman1 ,napa1 ,california2 introduced by ,leonard ,coates1 then of the same place4 ,fruit very large1 obtuse-cordate1 base very broad2 cavity large1 deep2 stem stout1 long2 skin entirely mottled with pinkish or heavy red2 flesh firm1 yellowish1 tinged with red1 meaty1 moderately juicy1 with a rich1 lively sweet flavor4 ,matilda4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #bfb4 #ahib4 ,matilda originated with ,c4 ,e4 ,hoskins1 formerly of ,newburg1 ,oregon4 ,fruit medium to large1 broad-cordate1 surface smooth2 skin glossy1 dark red1 nearly black2 dots very fine2 flesh dark red1 firm1 sprightly1 sweet2 very good2 ripens in ,oregon about the middle of ,june4 ,matts4 ,p4 avium4 ,j4 ,g4 ,youngken1 ,richlandtown1 ,pennsylvania1 writes that this cherry is a seedling of ,black ,tartarian4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit large4 ,mayo4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,samuels ,co4 ,cat4 #bb4 #ahib4 ,the original tree of ,mayo is on the farm of a ,mr4 ,mayo near ,jackson1 ,tennessee4 ,tree vigorous1 hardy1 productive2 fruit large1 amber shaded with red1 tender2 resembles ,wood4 ,mazarine4 ,species8 #a4 ,thacher ,am4 ,orch4 #baf4 #ahbb4 ,listed as one of the twenty principal varieties in the ,united ,states4 ,mednyansky4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #agg3ca4 #ahii4 ,moduyansky4 #b4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ahe4 #ahid4 ,this ,hungarian variety was introduced to this country in #ahid4 ,in the second reference the name is spelled ,moduyansky but in the first it is given ,mednyansky which form is deemed best to follow here4 ,tree upright1 spreading1 rather vigorous2 fruit cordate2 suture variable1 indistinct on some specimens but a noticeable ridge from the cavity to the apex on others2 stem stout1 long1 inserted in a narrow1 deep1 irregular cavity2 skin very dark purple turning black2 flesh firm1 rich1 sweet1 sprightly2 quality very good4 ,meininger ,spte ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #acg fig41 #ach4 #ahfj2 #b4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #cgj4 #ahha4 ,bigarreau-tardif de ,meiningen4 #c4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ba1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,tree vigorous1 productive1 blooming late2 fruit of medium size1 cordate1 sides compressed2 suture shallow2 stem slender1 variable in length1 set in a narrow1 shallow cavity2 color pale golden-yellow1 spotted with pale red1 which often conceals the ground color2 flesh firm1 whitish-yellow1 reddish-yellow under the skin1 juicy2 stone large1 oval1 usually somewhat adherent2 ripens in ,august lasting until ,september4 ,meissener ,weisse4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,merise ,grosse ,rose ,oblongue4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 ,probably a small1 wild variety4 ,merise ,petite ,ronda4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 ,listed without a description4 ,merisier ,fastigi4 ,species8 #a4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3,no4 #c1 ,p#a4 #ahdf4 ,poiteau was uncertain as to the name of this variety which he noticed in the gardens of ,m4 ,cels4 ,tree very pyramidal2 fruit yellowish-amber4 ,michigan4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ag4 #ahhe4 ,michigan is a supposed cross between ,black ,tartarian and ,yellow ,spanish fruiting for the first time in #ahgg4 ,it was grown by ,stephen ,cook1 ,benton ,harbor1 ,michigan4 ,fruit large1 cordate1 slightly compressed2 stem long2 suture lacking2 skin deep red1 nearly black2 flesh firm1 juicy1 sweet2 ripens early in ,july4 ,said to be nearly rot proof4 ,miller4 ,species8 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,listed but not described4 ,millet4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,brookshaw ,pom4 ,brit4 ,,pl4 #g4 #ahag4 #b4 ,brookshaw ,hort4 ,reposit4 #a3de1 ,p#a4 #bc fig4 #b4 #ahbc4 ,described as one of the best black1 heart-shaped late ,dukes1 ripening the last of ,june and continuing until ,september2 flesh moderately firm2 stone small2 excellent4 ,minnesota4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bhj4 #aijc4 #b4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #bje3bg4 #aijc4 ,sprouts of this variety were brought from ,sweden to ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 ,ames1 ,iowa4 ,fruit medium in size1 roundish-cordate1 slightly compressed2 stem long2 skin dark red2 flesh dark1 tender1 juicy1 subacid2 very good4 ,minnesota ,ostheim4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abj4 #aijj4 ,ostheim4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cga4 #ahha4 ,this variety was introduced into ,minnesota from ,north ,germany by ,e4 ,meyer1 ,st4 ,petersburg1 ,minnesota4 ,it is well adapted to cold regions where the ,montmorency group does not flourish4 ,tree upright1 dense2 fruit large1 roundish-oblate1 dark red2 flesh dark1 tender1 sweet subacid2 good in quality2 stone roundish1 slightly flattened2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,minnie4 ,p4 pumila4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #cec4 #ahif4 ,minnie is a vigorous seedling of ,prunus pumila grown in ,manitoba1 ,canada2 fruit large and good4 ,monkirsche ,rote4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas4 ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned in this reference4 ,monstrous ,duke4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cfj fig41 #cfa4 #ahgg4 ,monstrous ,duke is mentioned by ,,mm4 ,simon-,louis in #ahff as a new sort of the ,anglaise htive4 ,it is probably of ,english origin1 but the name is misleading as the fruit is only moderately large2 attached in pairs1 globular2 stem stout1 short1 shallowly inserted2 skin transparent1 yellowish1 partly covered with red2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 slightly fibrous1 very juicy1 sugary1 sprightly2 pit small1 roundish1 plump1 adhering to the stem2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,monstrueuse ,hennequine4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 ,listed without description4 ,montmorency ,pleureur4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag1 #aif4 #ahie4 ,described as a handsome tree with drooping branches4 ,its fruit is somewhat similar to that of the ,montmorency4 ,montmorency de ,sauvigny4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #abj fig41 #aba4 #aijd4 ,cerise de ,sauvigny4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 ,belle de ,sauvigny4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #ccd4 #ahhi4 ,schne aus ,sauvigny4 #d4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,this cherry is a popular fruit about ,paris where it is used for confitures and brandy4 ,fruit large1 roundish1 attached in twos or threes2 stem short2 cavity large1 shallow2 color dark red2 flesh yellow1 transparent1 slightly fibrous1 acidulated2 stone small1 round2 ripens the second half of ,july4 ,montmorency ,stark4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,stark ,bros4 ,cat4 #d3df4 #aiac4 ,montmorency ,stark is described as having been produced on the ,stark ,brothers ,nursery grounds1 ,louisiana1 ,missouri1 from a select tree which bore large fruit4 ,montreuil4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #hj3bc4 #ahib4 #b4 ,ibid4 #aid3da4 #aija4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,belle de ,montreuil4 #d4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #dea4 #ahge4 ,schne von ,montreuil4 #e4 ,reut4 ,pom4 ,inst4 ,festschrift #abc4 #aiaj4 ,this variety was mentioned by ,european writers as early as #ahge but was not known in ,america until recently4 ,it is a valuable cherry and was placed on the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #aiji4 ,tree upright1 spreading1 vigorous1 more productive than ,reine ,hortense2 fruit of medium size1 roundish-cordate2 stem long1 stout2 skin mottled red approaching black2 flesh tender1 light red1 with abundant1 colored juice1 subacid1 pleasing2 quality good2 season ,july2 valuable for dessert and culinary purposes4 ,moorhouse4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,leonard ,coates ,cat4 #aj4 #aiaa4 ,moorhouse is no longer propagated1 being inferior to its parent1 ,napoleon4 ,morella ,extra ,noir4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 ,listed without a description4 ,morella ,wye4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3fa4 #aijj4 ,listed in this reference4 ,morelle von ,wilhelmshhe4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #af4 #ahie4 ,a very good table cherry ripening the seventh week of the season4 ,moreller ,langstilkede ,sode4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 ,listed without a description4 ,morisco4 ,species8 #a4 ,langley ,pomona #hf4 #agbi4 ,mentioned without description4 ,morocco4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egb4 #afbi4 ,the ,morocco ,cherrie hath a large white blossome1 and an indifferent big berrie1 long and round1 with a long stalke of a darke reddish purple colour1 a little tending to a blew when it is full ripe1 of a firme substance2 the juice is of a blackish red1 discolouring the hands or lips1 and of a pleasant taste3 some doe thinke that this and the ,morello be both one4 ,morten ,seedling4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,listed but not described4 ,mosler ,schwarze ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bc4 #aheh4 ,fruit medium in size1 obtuse-cordate1 sides compressed2 stem long1 slender2 skin black1 tough2 flesh dark1 tender1 very sweet2 pit oblong-cordate2 ripens the middle of ,july2 productive4 ,moyer ,honey ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,horticulturist ,n4 ,s4 #h3bb4 #aheh4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dfi1 #dgj4 #ahfi4 ,this variety was grown by ,josiah ,g4 ,youngken1 ,allentown1 ,pennsylvania4 ,tree healthy1 vigorous1 productive2 fruit large1 obtuse-cordate1 slightly compressed2 suture small2 stem long1 slender2 skin whitish1 shaded and mottled with rich red2 flesh yellow1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasant2 often partially clinging2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,mckelberger ,grosse4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bd4 #ahgf4 ,a ,sweet ,cherry originating in ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany4 ,murdock4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bhi4 #aijc4 ,murdock's ,bigarreau4 #b4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #bh3bdj1 #bda4 #ahhf4 #c4 ,reid ,cat4 #ce4 #ahib4 ,murdock is thought to have originated in #ahhg with ,john ,r4 and ,a4 ,murdock1 then of ,pittsburg1 ,pennsylvania4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 upright-spreading2 fruit large1 roundish-cordate2 cavity deep1 wide1 rather abrupt2 stem long1 slender2 skin thin1 moderately tough1 amber overlaid and mottled with light red2 flesh whitish1 firm1 crisp1 somewhat sprightly1 juicy1 sweet2 quality very good2 stone clinging1 large1 ovate1 flattened1 smooth2 ripens early in ,july1 hanging long on the trees2 not susceptible to rot4 ,nancy4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dgj4 #ahfi4 ,nancy originated with ,charles ,pease1 ,sr41 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,tree upright-spreading2 fruit large1 obtuse-cordate2 stem long1 stout1 inserted in a large cavity2 suture slight2 skin pale yellow1 shaded and mottled with crimson2 flesh tender1 juicy1 rich1 sweet2 very good2 stone small2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,naples4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egb4 #afbi4 ,neapolitanische ,knorpelkirsche4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ce4 #aheh4 #c4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ci fig41 #dj4 #ahfg4 ,bigarreau de ,naples4 #d4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #ahi4 #ahgf4 ,this is an ,italian cherry introduced into ,germany1 ,france and ,england from ,florence1 ,italy4 ,it is very productive and is distinguished by its color and its lateness4 ,tree vigorous1 bears early2 fruit large1 obtuse-cordate1 sides only faintly compressed2 suture indistinct2 stem of medium length1 set in a wide1 deep cavity2 skin tough1 firm1 glossy1 becoming dark brown or black2 flesh firm1 juicy1 sweet1 vinous2 stone oval1 plump2 ripens the sixth week of the season4 ,ne ,plus ,ultra4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #bb3bjh4 #ahhj4 ,ne ,plus ,ultra was raised by ,john ,mosely of ,goodrich1 ,ontario4 ,it resembles ,napoleon but is inferior4 ,neapolitanische ,molkenkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3cc4 #aheh4 ,bigarreautier de ,naples4 #b4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3ejd4 #ahfj4 ,napolitaine4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,this is a large1 lemon-colored1 rather firm-fleshed variety that should not be confused with ,naples4 ,tree small1 vigorous2 flesh sweet1 pleasing2 ripens late in ,july4 ,nebraska ,sweet4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,gage ,county ,nur4 ,cat4 #h4 #aijf4 ,listed in this reference as a dark1 ,sweet ,cherry doing remarkably well in ,nebraska4 ,nelson ,kentish4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bc4 #ahib-ic4 ,said to be more vigorous in growth and more hardy in bud than ,early ,richmond4 ,neue ,englische ,weichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #edb1 #edc4 #ahai4 #b4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #hc fig41 #hd4 #ahfg4 ,neue ,englische ,kirsche4 #c4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhf4 #ahjb4 ,according to ,truchsess1 ,mayer grew this cherry about #agge4 ,tree of medium height1 moderately productive2 fruit often large1 roundish1 more or less compressed2 suture faint2 stem straight1 medium in length2 cavity wide1 deep2 skin glossy1 tender1 black2 flesh tender1 dark red1 juicy1 pleasing subacid2 pit plump1 small1 oval2 ripens early in ,july4 ,neue ,ochsenherzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #gc fig41 #gd4 #ahfj4 ,herrnhuser neue ,ochsenherzkirsche4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bb4 #aheh4 ,nouvelle ,guigne des ,boeufs4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cja4 #ahff4 ,fruit very large1 acute-cordate1 irregular near the apex2 stem long1 slender2 skin glossy1 brownish-black2 flesh dark red1 tender1 sweet1 vinous2 stone cordate-oblong2 ripens the middle of ,july2 not very productive4 ,neumann ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgj4 #ahhi4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,new ,century4 ,p4 cerasus 7,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus74 #a4 ,texas ,nur4 ,cat4 #aj4 #aijg4 ,new ,century is thought to be a cross originating in ,grayson ,county1 ,texas1 between ,english ,morello and some ,duke2 it was introduced by the ,texas ,nursery ,company4 ,tree of the ,duke type1 upright2 fruit medium to above in size2 light red2 good4 ,the trees are free from mildew in ,texas but do not hold their fruit well4 ,new ,royal4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 ,listed without a description4 ,nienburger ,frhe ,bunte ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bg4 #aheh4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-cordate1 sides compressed2 stem of medium length1 stout1 straight2 skin yellowish1 spotted and streaked2 flesh aromatically sweet2 pit oval2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,noble4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,am4 ,gard4 #bj3egf4 #ahii4 #b4 ,bunyard-,thomas ,fr4 ,gard4 #dd4 #aijd4 ,this variety is said to resemble ,may ,duke4 ,fruit large2 color deep crimson to darker2 flesh firm1 colored1 rich2 late2 productive4 ,noire des ,vosges4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3aje1 #ajf1 fig4 #ea4 #ahff-gc4 ,griotte ,noire des ,vosges4 #b4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #ih fig41 #ii4 #aijd4 ,this old variety is probably a native of eastern ,france4 ,the fruit is used for confections and liquors4 ,fruit attached in pairs1 medium in size1 obtuse-cordate2 suture indistinct2 stem long1 slender1 set in a shallow cavity2 color almost black at maturity2 flesh dark1 tender1 vinous1 acidulated2 stone small1 oval1 obtuse at the apex2 ripens late in ,july4 ,nonpareil4 ,species8 #a4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #ahg4 #aijh4 ,nonpareil is a black cherry which originated at ,vacaville1 ,california4 ,norfolk4 ,species8 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #hg4 #ahgb4 ,mentioned as a seedling cherry grown by ,j4 ,h4 ,fenno2 not described4 ,norma4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,fruit ,grower #ai3cfh4 #aijh4 ,norma is a black cherry grown by ,r4 ,h4 ,weber1 ,the ,dalles1 ,oregon2 it is earlier than ,napoleon4 ,northeast4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,sp4 ,bul4 #bg3aa4 #aijd4 ,northeast is a rather dwarf cherry of the ,morello type2 very productive4 ,said to be valuable as a late market variety but the trees are lacking in vigor and subject to leaf blight4 ,northwest4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afe4 #ahha4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #be4 #ahii4 #c4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3gf fig4 #af1 #hh4 #aijc4 ,this is one of the varieties originated by ,d4 ,b4 ,wier1 ,lacon1 ,illinois1 and first distributed by ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd as ,wier's ,no4 #bi2 the fruit resembles ,baldwin4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society placed ,northwest on its fruit catalog in #ahii but dropped it in #aiji4 ,tree medium in size1 resembling ,english ,morello closely both in size and habit1 very productive2 fruit medium to large1 roundish1 obscurely heart-shaped2 stem long1 adhering quite firmly to the fruit2 skin tough1 medium in thickness1 dark attractive red1 becoming nearly black2 flesh deeply colored1 firm1 brisk but pleasant acid1 mingled with a slight astringency2 good in quality2 stone small1 roundish2 season early4 ,occident4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #dj4 #ahie4 ,occident is a seedling of ,napoleon which originated with ,c4 ,e4 ,hoskins1 ,springbrook1 ,oregon4 ,fruit heart-shaped1 above medium in size1 smooth2 stem long1 slender2 cavity large1 regular1 deep1 flaring1 shaded with pink2 suture shallow2 skin very dark purplish-red1 thick1 tenacious2 dots numerous1 small1 russet1 indented2 flesh dark reddish1 translucent1 with white veining1 firm1 meaty1 juicy1 mild subacid1 rich2 good to very good2 season late in ,june2 a good shipper4 ,ohio ,beauty4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,horticulturist #b3abc fig4 #ai4 #ahdg-dh4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bab4 #ahed4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ic fig4 #ah1 #id1 #ie4 #ahff4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ab4 #ahga4 ,bigarreau ,baut de l',ohio4 #e4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3agg1 #agh fig4 #ahgg4 ,ohio ,beauty probably originated in #ahdb with ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio2 first disseminated in #ahdg4 ,the ,american ,pomological ,society listed it on its fruit catalog in #ahga but dropped it in #ahie4 ,tree large1 vigorous1 hardy1 very productive2 fruit medium to large1 cordate1 compressed2 cavity of medium depth1 wide2 stem slender1 long2 skin thin1 of medium toughness1 light yellow overspread with crimson2 dots numerous1 light russet1 conspicuous2 flesh whitish1 with colorless juice1 tender1 meaty1 mild1 sweet2 good in quality2 stone clinging1 irregular-ovate2 season early4 ,okiya4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 americana4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ajh3aijh4 #b4 ,ibid4 #acj3agf1 ,pl4 #f4 #aiaa4 ,okiya is a cross between the ,sand ,cherry and ,gold plum4 ,fruit roundish1 dark red2 flesh green2 excellent quality4 ,oliver4 ,species8 #a4 ,ariz4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ae3fe4 #ahie4 #b4 ,neb4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ah4 #aijj4 ,oliver is said to be a valuable cherry for home use in ,nebraska2 slow in coming into bearing4 ,opata4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 americana4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ajh3aijh4 #b4 ,ibid4 #acj3agc1 #agd ,pl4 #d1 #age1 #agf4 #aiaa4 ,opata1 a cross between the ,sand ,cherry and ,gold plum which was sent out in #aijh4 ,it is a plum in habit of growth1 vigorous2 foliage large1 glossy2 fruit one and three-sixteenths inches in diameter1 roundish2 skin thin1 tender1 dark purplish-red with blue bloom2 flesh green1 firm2 flavor very pleasant combining the sprightly acid of the ,sand ,cherry with the rich sweetness of the ,gold plum2 pit very small2 season early1 the middle of ,august4 ,oregon4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,wickson ,cat4 ,fruits #bij4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aej4 #ahie4 ,oregon is a seedling of ,napoleon originated by ,h4 ,w4 ,prettyman1 ,east ,portland1 ,oregon1 and named by the ,oregon ,horticultural ,society in #ahhh4 ,w4 ,s4 ,failing of ,portland introduced it the same year4 ,tree vigorous1 upright2 fruit of medium size1 roundish-cordate1 irregularly flattened along the suture2 stem medium in length1 stout1 set in a deep1 irregular cavity2 skin black2 flesh firm1 very dark1 juicy1 sweet2 later than ,napoleon4 ,orel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbg4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,maine ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ade4 #ahhi4 ,this name is given to a dwarf cherry similar to ,vladimir from ,orel1 ,russia4 ,it has small leaves and a close habit of growth2 comes into bearing when from three to four feet in height2 fruit larger than ,montmorency1 nearly black when ripe1 mildly subacid4 ,orel ,no4 #bd4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbh4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3gg1 #gh4 #aijc4 ,this variety was imported by ,budd but the name was lost4 ,some believe it to be ,lutovka but as grown at the ,iowa ,station it is more like ,early ,morello in form and size of tree and fruit4 ,tree smaller and more open than ,lutovka2 fruit of medium size1 roundish-oblate2 cavity deep2 stem medium in length1 stout2 suture a faint line2 skin thin1 translucent1 cornelian-red2 flesh firm1 colored1 juicy1 pleasingly acid2 good2 pit round1 angular2 season the latter part of ,june4 ,orel ,sweet4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ai3edi4 #ahib4 #b4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3ba4 #aiaj4 ,orel ,no4 #bf4 #c4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbh4 #ahhh4 ,orel ,sweet is known in ,europe as ,lianzkaja ,black2 it was introduced into ,america by ,budd as ,orel #bf2 one of the hardiest of ,sweet ,cherries4 ,tree large1 with a spreading top2 fruit of medium size1 roundish-oblate2 stem long1 slender2 skin thin1 tender1 dark red2 flesh soft1 subacid2 pit small1 round1 stained2 ripens the last of ,july in ,washington4 ,orleans4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,brown ,bros4 ,cat4 #ai4 #aijf4 ,orleans originated in ,orleans ,county1 ,new ,york4 ,probably not propagated at present1 although known to many as an improved ,montmorency4 ,orla ,smith4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned but not described4 ,osceola4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjj fig4 #ahed4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland of ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 originated the ,osceola in #ahdb1 from a pit of the ,yellow ,spanish4 ,it was placed on the fruit list of the ,american ,pomological ,society in #ahfb but was taken from the list in #ahia4 ,tree round1 spreading1 hardy1 healthy1 productive2 fruit medium to large1 cordate2 stem moderately stout inserted in a deep cavity2 suture deep1 broad2 color dark purplish-red1 inclining to black2 flesh dark red1 juicy1 rich1 sweet2 pit medium or small1 ovate1 rounded2 season the last of ,june and early ,july4 ,ostheim 7of ,morris74 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #ge4 #ahij4 ,this is a small1 dark colored cherry differing from the ,minnesota ,ostheim in being later and slightly inferior in quality4 ,fruit round1 compressed2 quality fair1 lacking in juiciness2 pit large2 ripens about ,august #fth in ,ottawa1 ,canada4 ,othello4 ,p4 pumila4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #cec4 #ahif4 ,one of the ,canada ,experiment ,farm's seedlings of ,prunus pumila1 the ,sand ,cherry2 fruit large1 very black1 fair4 ,owanka4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 americana4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ajh3aijh4 #b4 ,ibid4 #acj3agf4 #aiaa4 ,owanka1 a cross between the ,sand ,cherry and ,gold plum1 was discarded soon after it was sent out because of its bitter skin2 tree hardy1 productive2 fruit one and three-eighths inches in diameter2 apex terminated by a minute prickle2 skin dark red1 with blue bloom2 flesh yellow4 ,ox ,heart 7of ,america74 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bd4 #ahii4 ,major ,francis4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #abg4 #ahge4 #c4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3bi4 #aiaj4 ,coeur de ,boeuf nouveau8 #d4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,this cherry originated with ,g4 ,w4 ,walling1 ,oswego1 ,oregon1 about #ahfe1 and was renamed in honor of ,major ,francis of ,portland4 ,as yet it is known only in the ,northwest4 ,the fruit is of good quality1 attractive color1 ripening with ,black ,tartarian1 but is readily sought by the birds4 ,tree very large1 vigorous1 upright1 productive2 fruit large1 heart-shaped1 dark red2 flesh deeply stained with red1 juicy1 sweet2 quality good2 too tender for long shipment2 season early4 ,pandys ,glaskirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,listed but not described4 ,paramdam4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cjh4 #ahhd4 ,this variety was found nearly a century and a half ago in ,paramdam1 ,england4 ,tree small2 fruit small1 round2 skin pale red2 stem an inch long2 flesh pale1 tender1 lively acid1 agreeable2 ripens the last of ,july4 ,parent4 ,species8 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #cjb4 #ahij4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,paretzer ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,listed in this reference4 ,pariser ,griotte4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dcj4 #ahai4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cga4 #ahhi4 ,this cherry is thought by some to be ,duhamel's ,griotte but it differs in its more tender flesh1 sweeter taste1 and smaller stone4 ,parisian ,guindoux4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3adj4 #ahcb4 ,tree moderately large2 fruit large1 pale red2 flesh sweet2 excellent2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,paul4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #ahe4 #aijh4 ,paul was found by ,e4 ,v4 ,d4 ,paul of ,ukiah1 ,oregon2 it was propagated and introduced by the ,leonard ,coates ,nursery ,company1 ,morganhill1 ,california1 in #aijh4 ,fruit large1 black1 mottled with dark red2 late2 a good shipper4 ,pauline de ,vigny4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas4 ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afa4 #ahhb4 ,listed without a description4 ,peach-,blossomed4 ,species8 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aea4 #ahcb4 ,an ornamental cherry with rose-colored flowers4 ,pease4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an4 #hf1 #hg4 #ahfi4 ,pease is a black1 sweet seedling from ,charles ,pease1 ,sr41 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,tree upright2 fruit large1 obtuse-cordate2 flesh purplish1 juicy1 rich2 follows ,black ,tartarian in ripening4 ,perlkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffg4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bcg-bdb4 #ahai4 #c4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #aaa fig41 #aab4 #ahfj4 #d4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3be1 #bf1 fig4 #ac4 #ahhb4 #e4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cga4 #ahhi4 ,this variety is often taken for the ,yellow ,spanish but is distinct4 ,tree strong1 vigorous1 productive2 fruit usually large1 roundish-cordate1 sides compressed2 suture distinct2 stem short1 shallowly but firmly inserted2 skin tough1 glossy1 resembling ,yellow ,spanish2 flesh moderately tender1 juicy1 pleasing1 sweet2 stone rather large1 elongated-cordate1 nearly free2 ripens about the middle of ,july4 ,perlknorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cje-cjh4 #ahai4 #b4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #abi fig41 #acj4 #ahfj4 ,espagne bigarre4 #c4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce1 #ch4 #agga4 ,perlmarmorkirsche4 #d4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3dc4 #aheh4 ,this ,bigarreau1 though called a ,heart by some1 should not be confused with ,perlkirsche4 ,fruit medium to above1 roundish-cordate2 suture indistinct2 stem medium short1 shallowly inserted2 skin tough1 glossy1 resembling ,yellow ,spanish2 flesh firm1 fibrous1 juicy1 pleasing1 sweet2 stone medium in size1 plump1 oval2 ripens the last of ,july to first part of ,august4 ,petite ,morelle4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ahb fig41 #ahc1 #ahd1 #baf4 #ahff4 ,this is a small1 acid cherry used in northern ,germany for wine-making and in the kitchen4 ,tree vigorous1 small1 bushy2 fruit small1 round2 suture indistinct2 stem short1 set in a straight1 shallow cavity2 color dark red changing to black2 flesh red1 tender1 always acid2 pit small1 reddish1 oval1 plump2 ripens the fourth week of the season4 ,pfitzmann ,schwarze ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgb4 #ahhi4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,pierce ,late4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3hi1 #acd4 #ahed4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #de4 #ahed4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #bfe4 #aheg4 ,this variety originated with ,amos ,pierce but was introduced by ,james ,hyde and ,son1 ,newton1 ,massachusetts4 ,tree upright1 free1 round-topped2 fruit of medium size1 obtuse-cordate1 dark red1 mottled with light amber2 stem slender1 rather short2 flesh soft1 tender1 very juicy1 sweet1 rich2 stone small2 ripens the last of ,july4 ,pink ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bai4 #ahed4 ,pink ,heart is a small1 pinkish-red1 oval ,mazzard2 stem short2 ripens in ,july4 ,planchoury4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #g3bdh4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3fa1 #fb1 fig4 #bi4 #ahff-gc4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cgd1 #cge fig4 #ahgg4 ,cerise de ,planchouri4 #d4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #f3ga1 ,pl4 #aheh4 ,kirsch von ,planchoury4 #e4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgb4 #ahhi4 ,a ,dr4 ,bretonneau grew this variety on his grounds near the ,river ,loire1 ,france4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-cordate1 flattened at the base1 slightly compressed on the sides1 completely transversed by a suture2 stem long1 set in a large1 deep cavity2 skin glossy1 clear red changing to darker red1 uniform2 flesh tinged with red1 semi-tender1 sugary1 juicy1 agreeably acidulated2 first quality2 stone large1 oval1 free2 ripens early in ,july4 ,plattgedrckte ,schattenmorelle4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bf4 #ahgf4 ,differs from the ,english ,morello in being more compressed in form4 ,plumstone4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #bg4 #aiji4 ,plumstone ,morello4 #b4 ,prince ,treat4 ,hort4 #bi4 #ahbh4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aih fig4 #ahde4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #e4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abj4 #aijj4 ,the origin of this variety is unknown but it was found in ,virginia early in the ,nineteenth ,century by ,william ,prince who brought it to ,flushing1 ,new ,york4 ,its name seems to have arisen from the form of the stone4 ,according to ,prince1 this variety surpasses all of the ,european ,morellos for culinary purposes4 ,tree vigorous1 medium in size1 productive2 fruit very large1 roundish or inclined to obtuse-cordate2 stem long1 rather slender1 straight2 skin dark red becoming nearly black2 flesh reddish1 tender1 juicy1 highly flavored1 sprightly1 with pleasant acidity when fully mature2 stone long1 resembling a plum2 season late ,july4 ,plymouth ,rock4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lovett ,cat4 #be fig4 #ahie4 #b4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #afi3bjj4 #ahii4 ,plymouth4 #c4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #ajb4 #aiad4 ,plymouth ,rock is generally believed to have originated with ,j4 ,h4 ,black1 ,hightstown1 ,new ,jersey4 ,tree vigorous1 upright1 round-topped2 fruit above medium in size1 heart-shaped1 roundish2 skin tender1 reddish-amber1 with a bright red blush2 stem long1 slender2 cavity narrow1 shallow2 flesh rather tender1 light colored1 juicy2 pit round1 plump1 small2 season early ,july4 ,podiebrad4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bg4 #ahgf4 ,podiebrad ,bunte ,herzkirsche4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bi4 #aheh4 #c4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ba fig41 #bb4 #ahfg4 ,probably a seedling from ,podiebrad1 ,hungary4 ,tree vigorous1 productive1 bears early2 fruit above medium in size1 obtuse-cordate2 suture indistinct2 stem long2 cavity wide1 moderately deep2 skin tender1 translucent1 sulphur-yellow1 nearly entirely washed and spotted with red2 flesh tender1 pale yellow1 juicy1 sweet1 without sourness2 stone medium egg-shaped2 ripens early in ,july4 ,pointed ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aai4 #ahcb4 ,this cherry is so named because part of the style becomes hard and ligneous forming a sharp point at the apex of the fruit4 ,fruit cordate2 color red on a yellow ground2 flesh firm1 crisp1 rich1 tinged with a slight bitterness2 early4 ,polsted4 ,species8 #a4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,n4 ,s4 #bd3dab4 #ahgc4 ,polsted received its name from a parish in ,suffolk1 ,england1 where it was extensively grown4 ,polton ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,listed without a description4 ,pomeranzen4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dgi-dhb4 #ahai4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ec1 #ed4 #aheh4 ,cerise ,orange4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cjf4 #ahff4 ,the name was given this cherry because of the appearance of the tree which resembles that of the orange4 ,tree round with a globular head2 fruit large1 broadly oblate2 stem of medium length1 firmly set in a deep cavity2 suture a line2 skin clear1 almost brick-red1 becoming glossy1 darker1 and transparent with many white spots2 flesh clear1 tinged red1 with yellowish-white veins1 juicy1 sweetly acidulated2 first quality2 stone medium in size1 round1 turgid1 sharply pointed2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,pontiac4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bja fig4 #ahed4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #hi4 #ahff4 ,pontiac originated in #ahdb1 with ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 from a pit of ,yellow ,spanish4 ,tree vigorous1 upright1 somewhat spreading1 healthy1 productive2 fruit medium to large1 obtuse-cordate1 with sides compressed2 stem long1 slender1 inserted in a broad1 shallow cavity2 skin moderately firm1 dark purplish-red1 becoming nearly black at maturity2 flesh purplish-red1 with dark colored juice1 rather tender1 juicy1 pleasant1 aromatic1 sweet2 good in quality2 stone medium in size1 smooth1 separating readily from the flesh2 ripens in mid-season4 ,pope4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aej4 #ahcb4 ,some of the fruits of this cherry are green in the middle of ,july whereas the majority are quite ripe2 introduced into ,france from ,italy4 ,fruit large1 round1 red2 stem very long2 flesh similar to but more firm than that of the ,montmorency4 ,portugal4 ,species8 #a4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 #b4 ,coxe ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees #bdg4 #ahag4 ,tree productive2 fruit cordate1 red2 flavor rich and pleasant2 ripens early in ,june4 ,powhattan4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bja4 #ahed4 #c4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #fg3bc4 #ahij4 ,this is one of the numerous seedlings originated by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 from a pit of ,yellow ,spanish4 ,fruit roundish-cordate1 uneven in outline1 compressed on the sides2 stem medium to long2 skin brownish-red1 glossy2 flesh purplish-red1 half-tender1 juicy1 sweet2 stone small4 ,pragische ,muskateller4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #ea1 #eb1 #ec4 #agij4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cih-djb4 #ahai4 ,cerise de ,prague tardive4 #c4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #db4 #agga4 ,muscat de ,prague4 #d4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 ,the cherry1 introduced into ,germany from ,holland about #aghe under the name ,prager ,muskateller1 was undoubtedly the variety mentioned by ,knoop in #agga1 as ,cerise de ,prague ,tardive4 ,with this variety three other sorts were confused2 the ,cerise ,blanche1 ,cerise ,guigne1 and the ,grosse ,ungarische ,kirsche1 but when fruit was obtained from all1 separation was comparatively easy4 ,tree very productive2 fruit large1 globular2 suture a line2 stem rather thick1 of medium length2 cavity narrow1 shallow2 skin thin1 brownish-red changing to black2 flesh tender1 melting1 juicy1 light red1 sweet1 wine-like2 stone oval or roundish2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,prcoce de ,marest4 ,species8 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bh4 #ahgf4 ,of doubtful value according to the reference4 ,prcoce de ,sabaret4 ,species8 #a4 ,gard4 ,chron4 #ajfh4 #ahfa4 #b4 ,rev4 ,hort4 #cce4 #ahgj4 ,there seem to be several strains of this cherry2 it is one of the earliest cultivated sorts in ,france1 ripening at the beginning of ,june and lasting a month4 ,president4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bab4 #ahed4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dga4 #ahfi4 ,president is another of ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland's cherries raised in ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 in #ahdb4 ,tree vigorous1 spreading1 productive2 fruit medium to large1 regular1 cordate1 slightly compressed2 stem stout1 slender2 suture indistinct2 skin red1 slightly mottled with yellow2 flesh yellowish-white1 half-tender1 juicy1 sweet2 good2 pit medium in size2 ripens from the middle to the last of ,june4 ,pride of ,washington4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,wash4 ,hort4 ,assoc4 ,rpt4 #ie4 #aije4 ,this variety is a seedling of the ,late ,duke grown by ,j4 ,f4 ,strong1 ,spokane1 ,washington4 ,the tree is more productive and less disposed to seaming of limbs where connecting with the body than its parent and its fruit is also larger1 earlier and of better quality4 ,priesche ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,listed but not described4 ,prince4 ,species8 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf4 #agga4 ,listed but not described by ,knoop4 ,prince ,black ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dga4 #ahfi4 ,this variety was originated by ,william ,r4 ,prince1 ,flushing1 ,new ,york4 ,tree vigorous1 upright-spreading2 fruit medium to large1 cordate1 slightly compressed2 suture small2 flesh purplish1 rather tender1 juicy1 sweet2 good to very good2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,prince ,duke4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,prince ,treat4 ,hort4 #bi4 #ahbh4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acf4 #ahcb4 ,prince ,duke was raised by ,william ,prince1 ,flushing1 ,new ,york1 from a seed of ,carnation which it resembles in tree-characters and in time of ripening4 ,the fruit is red1 more compressed than the parent and possesses the peculiar bitterness of ,carnation before it is full ripe4 ,prince ,englebert4 ,species8 #a4 ,okla4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #b3ac4 #ahib4 ,listed as grown at the ,oklahoma ,station4 ,prince ,royal4 ,species8 #a4 ,rea ,flora #bje4 #afgf4 ,according to ,rea1 this is a large1 late ripe cherry1 good to preserve4 ,princess4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf4 #agga4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cjb4 #ahff4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ge1 #gf1 fig4 #ch4 #ahhb4 ,prinzesskirsche4 #d4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bgi4 #ahjb4 #e4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bfa1 #bfb4 #ahai4 ,this is a variegated ,heart originating in ,germany4 ,tree of moderate vigor2 fruit medium to large1 cordate1 sides compressed2 apex acutely pointed2 suture indistinct2 stem very long2 color yellow overlaid with red2 flesh tender1 juicy1 bitterish at first2 stone oval2 ripens the fourth week of the season4 ,prinzenkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhi4 #ahjb4 ,grosse schwarze ,glanzkirsche incor4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #egg-ehj4 #ahai4 ,a ,morello cherry of ,german origin4 ,fruit of medium size1 roundish2 suture indistinct2 cavity shallow2 skin tough1 firm1 glossy1 black2 flesh firm1 fibrous1 dark red1 subacid2 pit adherent1 almost cordate2 ripens at the end of ,july4 ,prdlitzer ,elitekirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,obstzchter #h3,pl4 #aiaj4 #b4 ,ibid4 #h3ea1 #eb4 #aiaj4 ,this cherry originated on the estate of ,hugo ,graf ,klnokyschen in ,prodek1 ,moravia1 ,austria4 ,trees upright when young2 fruit large to very large1 blackish-brown1 obtuse-cordate2 suture distinct2 stem long1 slender2 flesh dark1 sweet with a touch of sourness2 ripens in ,july4 ,progress4 ,p4 pumila4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #cec4 #ahif4 ,a seedling of ,prunus pumila raised by the ,manitoba ,station4 ,proskauer ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #eg4 #aijg4 ,a dark1 hard-fleshed cherry mentioned in this reference4 ,proudfoot4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bab4 #ahed4 ,this variety was grown by ,d4 ,proudfoot1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,tree vigorous1 spreading1 moderately productive2 fruit large1 cordate1 flattened at the base2 skin dark purplish-red2 cavity open2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 juicy1 sweet2 pit large2 season the middle of ,july4 ,puhlmann ,frhe4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgc4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #eg4 #aijg4 ,listed as an early black ,heart4 ,punktirte ,marmorkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3db4 #aheh4 ,punctirte ,ssskirsche mit festem ,fleische4 #b4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bha4 #ahjb4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ccc-ccf4 #ahai4 ,bigarreau ,ponctu4 #d4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3ha1 #hb1 fig4 #ci4 #ahff-gc4 ,punktirte ,knorpelkirsche4 #e4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #eg fig41 #eh4 #ahfg4 ,tree vigorous1 upright2 fruit roundish-cordate1 large2 suture deep2 stem long1 adhering to the stone2 cavity deep2 color yellowish-white overspread with clear red2 flesh rather tender but firm1 fibrous1 translucent1 sweet2 pit round1 often rather large2 ripens at the end of ,july4 ,punktirte ,molkenkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bi4 #aheh4 ,tree very large1 branches long2 fruit large1 obtuse-cordate2 suture indistinct2 color yellow more or less overspread with red2 flesh sweet2 stone small1 cordate2 ripens early in ,july4 ,purity 7,i74 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bhi4 #ahhi4 #b4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #agg3ca4 #ahii4 ,purity 7,i7 is a seedling of ,elton which originated with ,w4 ,h4 ,chapman1 ,napa1 ,california1 and was propagated by ,leonard ,coates of that place4 ,tree upright-spreading1 fairly vigorous2 fruit heart-shaped1 compressed2 suture broad1 rather indistinct2 stem long1 slender2 cavity broad1 shallow2 skin amber1 shaded and mottled with bright red1 waxy1 transparent1 thin2 flesh rich1 sweet1 tender1 juicy1 melting2 very good2 season early2 rather too tender for market4 ,purity 7,,ii74 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #aja4 #aiad4 ,this is a productive cherry of the ,morello class which resembles ,dyehouse and ripens a little earlier than ,early ,richmond4 ,tree moderately vigorous1 healthy1 bears early2 fruit of medium size1 roundish2 stem long2 cavity deep2 apex noticeably depressed2 skin very dark red2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 very juicy1 pleasant subacid2 quality good2 season late ,june to early ,july4 ,quaker4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #bfb4 #ahib4 ,quaker originated with ,c4 ,e4 ,hoskins1 ,newberg1 ,oregon4 ,fruit of medium size1 heart-shaped1 dark red1 almost black2 dots numerous2 flesh firm1 dark purple1 sprightly1 sweet2 quality very good2 season early ,july4 ,rainier ,french4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 ,listed without a description4 ,red ,bigarreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce1 #ch4 #agga4 #c4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bai4 #ahed4 ,bigarreau ,gros ,fruit ,rouge4 #d4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3afc-afe1 ,pl4 ,,ii4 #agfh4 #e4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cjh4 #ahai4 #f4 ,pom4 ,france #g3,no4 #g1 ,pl4 #g4 #ahga4 ,purpurrothe ,knorpelkirsche4 #g4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cdj1 #fhc1 #fhd4 #ahai4 ,large ,red ,bigarreau4 #h4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bgc4 #ahcb4 #i4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abg4 #ahcb4 #aj4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ajd1 #aje fig41 #ajf1 #cja4 #ahff4 ,red ,bigarreau is probably an old ,french variety4 ,fruit very large1 roundish-cordate1 irregular1 swollen on one side2 suture distinct2 stem slender1 long1 set in a deep1 wide cavity2 color glossy1 tough1 dark red2 flesh firm1 sweet1 rose-colored especially near the pit1 juicy2 pit small1 oval1 adherent along the suture2 ripens in ,july4 ,red ,canada4 ,species8 #a4 ,ariz4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ae3gb4 #ahie4 ,listed without a description4 ,red ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf4 #agga4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aab4 #ahcb4 ,fruit more oblong than the ,early ,guigne and somewhat larger2 skin entirely red2 flesh soft but not high in quality2 ripens in ,june4 ,red ,jacket4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjb fig4 #ahed4 #b4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #adh1 ,pl4 #ac fig4 #a4 #ahfd4 #c4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ai1 #bjd4 #ahgf4 ,red ,jacket was raised in #ahdb by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 from a pit of ,yellow ,spanish1 crossed with ,black ,tartarian1 ,black ,mazzard1 or ,may ,duke4 ,it was formerly grown commercially in this country and ,europe because of its productiveness and quality4 ,tree very vigorous1 upright-spreading1 hardy1 very productive2 fruit large1 long1 obtuse-cordate2 stem rather long1 slender2 skin thin1 pale red becoming rather bright red2 flesh yellowish-white1 half-tender1 juicy1 pleasant1 somewhat astringent until fully ripe when it becomes sweet2 good in quality2 stone medium in size2 ripens in late mid-season4 ,red ,muscatel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ccj4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbi4 #ahhh4 ,a variety from ,north ,silesia where it is said to be commonly grown2 fruit large1 of good quality4 ,red ,oranien4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbi4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ai3eea4 #ahib4 ,this name has been given by some writers as a synonym of ,carnation but ,red ,oranien as introduced into ,america from ,russia appears to be distinct and is probably another of the ,duke hybrids4 ,tree productive2 fruit large1 dark red1 mildly subacid4 ,red ,rock4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #dcd4 #aije4 ,fruit of the ,morello type1 round2 stem long1 inserted in a noticeable cavity2 skin clear red2 flesh reddish-yellow with colored juice1 mild but pleasantly acid1 refreshing2 ripens late in ,july4 ,red ,russian4 ,species8 #a4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bcg4 #ahda4 ,the original name of this variety was lost in importing it from ,russia to ,brooklyn1 ,new ,york1 about #ahjj4 ,fruit large1 dark red1 good2 productive2 ripens in ,august4 ,reichart4 ,species8 #a4 ,pa4 ,fr4 ,gr4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aa4 #ahha4 ,recommended as valuable in ,pennsylvania4 ,reine-,hortense ,htive4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bh4 #ahgf4 ,a seedling of ,reine ,hortense introduced in #ahgc4 ,it resembles the parent in many respects1 differing1 however1 in earlier ripening and in having red flesh4 ,remington4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #ahh4 #ahde4 ,remington ,heart #b4 ,prince ,treat4 ,hort4 #cj4 #ahbh4 #c4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 #d4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aag1 #aah4 #ahcb4 ,remington originated in #ahbc from a pit planted by ,zachariah ,allen1 ,providence1 ,rhode ,island4 ,its only merit is lateness1 not ripening until ,august2 fruit small1 cordate1 yellow1 tinged with red2 flesh firm2 bears abundantly4 ,rentz ,morello4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mo4 ,bd4 ,agr4 ,rpt4 #bdc4 #ahgh4 ,mentioned as succeeding fairly well in ,missouri4 ,resacks ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgc4 #ahhi4 ,listed without a description4 ,richardson4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bch4 #ahdi4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bab4 #ahed4 ,originated in the garden of ,j4 ,r4 ,richardson1 ,boston1 ,massachusetts4 ,tree upright1 hardy1 productive2 fruit large1 heart-shaped1 rather short1 tapering to a point2 stem short1 slender2 skin dark red1 inclining to black2 flesh deep red1 half-tender1 rich1 luscious1 sweet2 ripens the last of ,june to ,july4 ,richardson ,late ,black4 ,species8 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhe4 #ahdb4 ,originated in the garden of ,dr4 ,william ,p4 ,richardson1 ,salem1 ,massachusetts4 ,a small1 round1 black cherry1 ripening late in ,july2 very juicy and productive4 ,richter ,smling4 ,species8 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgc4 #ahhi4 ,listed but not described4 ,riga ,no4 #ajh4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,tex4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #af3ii4 #ahia4 ,listed among the ,russian fruits growing at the ,texas ,station4 ,riga ,no4 #aji4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,kan4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3ahi4 #ahig4 ,received from ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd in #ahij4 ,tree upright1 unproductive2 fruit borne singly1 large2 stem short2 color dark red2 flesh and juice colored1 pleasant1 but lacking in quality2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,rival4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #g3bdh4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #fi1 #ij4 #ahff4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgc4 #ahhi4 ,bigarreau ,rival4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bcf1 #bcg fig4 #ahgg4 ,this cherry probably came from ,m4 ,rival1 ,saint-,genis-,laval1 ,rhne1 ,france4 ,fruit of medium size1 borne in clusters1 never less than four in a cluster1 obtuse-cordate1 flattened on one side2 suture a colored line2 apex shallow1 eccentric2 stem long1 slender2 cavity shallow2 skin moderately firm1 yellow1 mottled with red becoming darker1 nearly black when mature2 ripens the last of ,july to ,august4 ,rivers ,early ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agg4 #ahde4 #b4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #bjd4 #ahdf4 ,a seedling raised by ,thomas ,rivers1 ,sawbridgeworth1 ,england1 which he says originated about the same time as his ,early ,amber4 ,the fruit is of the ,heart class1 medium in size and season4 ,roberts ,red ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhe4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agf4 #ahde4 #c4 ,horticulturist #e3gf fig4 #ahej4 #d4 ,ibid4 #f3ba fig4 #ahea4 #e4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3aai1 #abj1 fig4 #eh4 #ahff-gc4 ,this variety originated with ,david ,roberts1 ,salem1 ,massachusetts1 and was first brought to notice by ,robert ,manning4 ,fruit of medium size1 roundish-cordate1 slightly obtuse2 suture distinct2 stem long1 slender1 set in a moderate cavity2 skin pale amber overspread with pale red1 mottled with deeper red and pale amber specks2 flesh white1 tender1 juicy1 sweet1 sprightly2 season at the end of ,july4 ,rochaline4 ,p4 avium #a4 ,leonard ,coates ,cat4 #aj4 #aiaa4 ,rochaline1 a seedling of ,napoleon1 is no longer propagated1 being inferior to its parent4 ,rock4 ,species8 #a4 ,ray ,hist4 ,plant4 #aeci4 #afhh4 #b4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 #a3aged4 ,mentioned as a perfumed cherry4 ,rockland4 ,species8 #a4 ,mass4 7,hatch7 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #a3cc4 #ahhi4 ,mentioned as growing at the ,massachusetts ,station4 ,rocky ,hill ,honey ,heart4 ,p4 avium #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3dbd4 #ahdg4 ,a variety originating near ,wethersfield1 ,connecticut1 late in the ,eighteenth ,century4 ,rocky ,mountain4 ,p4 besseyi4 #a4 ,country ,gent4 #bf3bch4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #eb3ach1 #ccj1 fig4 #df4 #ahic4 #c4 ,cornell ,sta4 ,bul4 #gj3bfa1 ,pl4 #a fig4 #b4 #ahid4 #d4 ,storrs ,harrison ,cat4 #acf fig4 #ahif4 #e4 ,wis4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ac3bbi1 #bcj4 #ahif4 ,rocky ,mountain1 a variety of ,prunus besseyi1 is a native of the mountains of ,colorado having been discovered there many years ago4 ,it is chiefly used as a dwarf ornamental1 being adapted to a great variety of soils4 ,tree small1 bushy1 averaging about four feet high1 very hardy and productive2 fruit ripens after all other cherries are gone1 small1 variable in shape1 from roundish to nearly oblong2 color almost jet black2 flavor sweet with some astringency but edible when fully mature4 ,roe4 ,p4 avium #a4 ,better ,fruit #e3,no4 #aa3di4 #aiaa4 ,roe is a seedling from ,yamhill ,county1 ,oregon1 being introduced by the ,oregon ,nursery ,company1 ,salem1 ,oregon2 it is said to resemble ,napoleon but is much firmer and later4 ,romaine4 ,species8 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bf4 #ahgf4 ,a variety of doubtful value2 ripens in ,july4 ,ronald4 ,species8 #a4 ,bunyard-,thomas ,fr4 ,gard4 #dd4 #aijd4 ,according to the reference1 this is a valuable late variety4 ,tree small1 compact2 fruit very large1 bright red1 transparent2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 juicy4 ,rschers ,kirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #a fig41 #b4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3i1 #aj1 fig4 #e4 #ahhb4 ,a chance seedling found by a peasant1 ,rschers1 near ,heidelberg1 ,baden1 ,germany4 ,fruit medium1 oblate-cordate2 sides compressed1 angular2 stem long2 cavity wide1 deep2 skin tough1 black2 flesh dark red1 juicy1 vinous2 pit small1 oval2 ripens very early4 ,rose ,charmeux4 ,species8 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ge4 #ahhc4 ,a ,polish variety introduced by ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 ,ames1 ,iowa2 fruit large1 red1 delicate1 watery and mild-flavored4 ,rosenobel4 ,p4 avium #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bhj1 #fgh4 #ahai4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bg4 #aheh4 ,an old ,german variety fruiting for the first time in #ahae4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-cordate1 yellow1 streaked with red around the cavity2 stem long2 flesh white1 tender1 sweet2 stone oval2 ripens the last of ,june4 ,rostraver ,bigarreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,gard4 ,mon4 #bh3bdj1 #bda4 #ahhf4 ,this variety was introduced in #ahhg1 by the originators1 ,john ,r4 and ,a4 ,murdoch1 ,pittsburg1 ,pennsylvania4 ,the trees1 as grown on the ,station grounds1 are vigorous1 moderately spreading2 fruit large1 blunt heart-shaped2 suture indistinct2 stem long1 set in a large1 deep cavity2 skin thin1 tough1 rich yellow1 mottled with red1 similar to ,napoleon2 flesh meaty1 firm1 white1 sweet1 moderately juicy2 season the middle of ,july4 ,rothe ,glanzkirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dij-dib1 #fhi4 #ahai4 ,fruit of medium size1 roundish-oblate2 suture distinct2 stem slender1 of medium length1 set in a shallow cavity2 color clear red mixed with darker red1 glossy2 flesh tender1 white1 fibrous2 excellent2 stone large1 oval1 smooth2 ripens from the end of ,june to the middle of ,july4 ,rothe ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #eh1 #ei4 #agij4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dcg1 #dch1 #dci4 #ahai4 ,herzfrmige ,sssweichsel4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3dh4 #aheh4 ,fruit of medium size1 obtuse-cordate2 suture indistinct2 skin clear red changing to darker red1 thin1 tough2 stem medium in length1 set in a deep1 narrow cavity2 flesh tender1 red near the stone1 fibrous1 vinous2 stone broadly oblong1 clinging to the flesh2 ripens at the beginning of ,july4 ,rothe ,maiknorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bhf1 #bhg4 #ahai4 ,fruit medium in size1 roundish-cordate1 compressed on both sides2 suture distinct2 stem rather long2 cavity shallow2 color wholly red on a yellow ground2 flesh yellowish-white1 rather tender1 pleasing2 excellent2 stone large1 cordate1 plump2 ripens at the beginning of ,june4 ,rothe ,molkenkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffg4 #agig4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bbi-bcc4 #ahai4 ,cerise de petit-lait rouge4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cjb4 #ahff4 ,christ grew this variety from seed at ,kronberg1 ,prussia1 ,germany4 ,tree productive2 fruit of medium size1 flattened at the ends and sides2 ventral suture distinct2 stem rather long2 cavity shallow2 skin thin1 glossy1 overspread with light red1 darker in the sun2 flesh tender1 light yellow1 juicy1 bitter before ripe1 sweet when mature2 stone roundish1 free1 tinged with red along the suture2 ripens with ,black ,tartarian4 ,rothe ,soodkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bid4 #ahjb4 ,soodamarelle4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fcb-fcd4 #ahai4 #c4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bg1 #bjf4 #ahgf4 ,the fruit is borne in twos and threes1 below medium in size1 roundish1 compressed on one side2 apex shallow2 stem long2 color dull blood red1 lighter near the suture2 flesh melting1 dull yellow2 juice reddish1 abundant1 tart2 stone small1 broad1 free4 ,rouaanse ,kirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cdj4 #ahai4 ,a ,heart cherry1 clear1 light red spotted with red in color2 flesh firm4 ,rouge ,ple ,tardive4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 ,listed without a description4 ,rouge des ,vosges4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3ajg1 #ajh1 fig4 #eb4 #ahff-gc4 #b4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 #ajj fig41 #aja4 #aijd4 ,cultivated in the region of ,fougerolle1 ,haute-,sane1 ,france1 as the ,noire des ,vosges and largely used in the manufacture of a liqueur4 ,fruit usually borne in pairs1 large1 elongated-cordate2 suture distinct2 stem long2 cavity of medium size2 skin glossy1 dark red2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 sprightly2 stone small1 roundish1 with a small point at the apex2 ripens the last half of ,july4 ,round ,sweet4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3fa4 #aijj4 ,mentioned in this reference4 ,royal ,american4 ,species8 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3fb4 #aijj4 ,tree strong in growth2 fruit large2 skin light red becoming darker in the sun2 flesh yellowish-white1 firm1 juicy1 agreeable2 ripens in ,july4 ,royal ,htif4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3eje4 #ahfj4 ,tree very productive1 of medium size2 fruit large1 compressed at the apex and base2 stem green1 short1 often with stipules2 flavor sweet2 very good2 ripens at the end of ,may4 ,rumsey4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abb4 #aijj4 ,rumsey's ,late ,morello4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aii fig4 #ahde4 ,this very late cherry was grown by ,dr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,rumsey1 ,fishkill ,landing1 ,new ,york1 about #ahce4 ,fruit usually borne in pairs1 large1 roundish-cordate2 suture distinct2 stem long2 cavity narrow1 deep2 skin glossy1 a rich1 lively red2 flesh juicy1 melting1 acid2 stone long2 ripens from the first part of ,august until frosts4 ,runde ,marmorirte ,ssskirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhj4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ccf1 #fhc4 #ahai4 #c4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #chb4 #ahha4 #d4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cge4 #ahhi4 ,weiss und hellroth geflekte grosse ,kramelkirsche4 #e4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3c1 ,tab4 #f fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,runde ,marmorirte ,ssskirsche is one of the varieties which has been confused with ,napoleon and ,yellow ,spanish4 ,tree vigorous1 very productive2 fruit large1 roundish-cordate1 slightly compressed2 suture shallow2 stem long2 cavity shallow1 wide1 depressed on the ventral side2 skin yellow1 streaked1 dotted and overlaid with red--the amount depending on the exposure to the sun2 flesh whitish-yellow1 medium firm1 juicy1 very sweet1 sprightly1 excellent2 stone ovate to oval2 matures usually with ,napoleon4 ,rupert4 ,p4 pumila ,p48 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #dce4 #aija4 ,mentioned in this reference as being a cross between the ,prunus pumila1 the ,sand ,cherry1 and a plum4 ,rupp4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #dj1 ,pl4 #c4 #ahie4 #b4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ahg3fb4 #aija4 ,rupp is supposed to have originated with ,solomon ,rupp1 ,york ,county1 ,pennsylvania4 ,it was sent to several ,experiment ,stations for testing by the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture4 ,as grown at the ,michigan and ,geneva ,stations it cannot be distinguished from ,reine ,hortense and we are inclined to believe that the old variety has been overshadowed by a new name4 ,russian ,morello4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ont4 ,dept4 ,agr4 ,fr4 ,ont4 #ajc4 #aiad4 ,russian #bjg4 #b4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #gf4 #ahij4 ,tree upright1 vigorous2 fruit above medium in size1 round1 flattened at the base2 stem long2 skin bright red2 juicy2 fair quality2 ripens the first of ,august4 ,russian ,seedlings ,nos4 #h1 #db1 #di1 #ed1 #aji1 #abh1 #afi1 #aii4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3hj1 #ha4 #aijc4 ,these seedlings were grown at the ,iowa ,experiment ,station from selected seeds of ,russian varieties4 ,they show every variation from a low1 compact1 spreading tree to a tall1 conical one1 while the fruit varies in season from early ,june to late ,july4 ,russie ,fruit ,blanc4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 ,listed without a description4 ,ryley ,black ,tartarian4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,schsische ,frhe ,maikirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #fhc4 #agig4 ,listed without a description4 ,sacramento4 ,species8 #a4 ,green ,river ,nur4 ,cat4 #bc4 #ahii4 ,this is a productive variety1 resembling ,may ,duke1 found near ,sacramento1 ,kentucky4 ,saint-,laurent4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,listed without a description4 ,sansoto4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 americana4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #acj3ahd1 ,pl4 #aj1 ,pl4 #aa1 #ahe4 #aiaa4 ,sansoto is a cross from the ,south ,dakota ,experiment ,station between the ,sand ,cherry and the ,de ,soto plum4 ,in growth the tree resembles that of the plum but the fruit in looks and flavor is more like the ,sand ,cherry1 ,fruit is round1 about three-eighths inch in diameter2 skin black with a bluish bloom1 thin1 free from acerbity2 flesh yellowish-green1 sprightly2 pit clinging4 ,sapa4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 triflora4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ajh3,pl4 #i4 #aijh4 #b4 ,ibid4 #acj3agf1 #agg ,pl4 #g1 #agh4 #aiaa4 ,sapa1 a cross between the ,sand ,cherry and the ,occident plum1 was introduced in #aijh by the ,south ,dakota ,station4 ,tree plum-like in habit2 fruit-buds numerous2 fruit about one and three-eighths inches in diameter2 skin glossy1 dark purple2 flesh rich1 dark purple2 season extremely early4 ,sappington4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bb4 #ahib-ic4 #b4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bhb4 #aijc4 ,grown about ,st4 ,louis1 ,missouri1 where it originated4 ,the tree resembles ,mazzard in growth1 vigor and productiveness2 fruit sweet2 early4 ,sauerjotte4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #ag4 #ahie4 ,listed as a variety of doubtful value4 ,saure ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,obstbume #afa4 #agia4 ,described as a black1 ,sour ,cherry of the first rank1 with tender flesh and excellent juice4 ,sauvigny ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ia fig41 #ib4 #ahfj4 ,bigarreau de ,sauvigny4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cjb4 #ahff4 ,dure de ,sauvigny4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,fruit large1 elongated1 obtuse-cordate1 compressed more strongly upon the side showing a suture2 stem variable1 usually of medium length2 cavity narrow1 deep2 skin glossy1 dark brownish-red1 mottled with lighter red2 flesh very firm1 dark red1 juicy2 quality very good2 pit small1 oval1 acutely-pointed at the apex1 free2 ripens in late ,july4 ,scharlachkirsche4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffi4 #agig4 ,this variety is supposed by some to be ,may ,duke4 ,usually borne in twos and threes2 fruit medium in size2 stem above medium in length1 slender2 suture indistinct2 ripens the latter part of ,june4 ,schleihahn ,sweet4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,press ,bul4 #bh3aiaa4 ,bigarreau de ,schleihahn4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bj1 #aij4 #ahgf4 ,a variety of ,german origin1 introduced into ,iowa about #ahib and described as a desirable variety for that ,state by the ,iowa ,agricultural ,college4 ,it follows ,early ,richmond and has a long season4 ,tree productive1 hardy for a sweet variety2 fruit of medium size1 cordate1 sides flattened2 stem long1 slender1 set in a rather deep1 wide cavity2 skin firm1 glossy1 surface often pitted2 dots numerous1 obscure2 suture often lacking2 color bright deep red1 becoming dark red or black2 flesh dark red1 very firm1 moderately juicy1 sweet2 good2 pit above medium in size1 pointed1 oval1 turgid1 nearly free2 season at ,ames1 ,iowa1 from ,june #bjth to ,july #ast4 ,schlssers ,schattenmorelle4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,reut4 ,pom4 ,inst4 ,festschrift #abc4 #aiaj4 #b4 ,pom4 ,inst4 ,reut4 #ca4 #aiaa-ab4 ,tree vigorous2 fruit large1 round1 dark brownish-red1 similar to the ,brusseler ,braune but larger2 sour4 ,schmehls4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #edi4 #aija4 ,tree vigorous2 fruit large obtuse-cordate2 skin mottled with yellow and pale red2 flesh tender1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasing2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,schmidt ,bigarreau ,no4 #b4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3fb4 #aijj4 ,tree vigorous2 fruit large1 nearly round2 skin dark red2 flesh red1 firm1 juicy1 sweet2 season late ,june4 ,schmidt ,frhe ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lauche ,ergnzungsband #fjc4 #ahhc4 ,f4 ,schmidt1 ,potsdam1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 grew this variety4 ,tree fruitful and succeeds in all soils2 fruit large1 abruptly cordate2 suture indistinct2 stem medium in length2 cavity wide1 deep2 color glossy dark brown changing to black2 flesh firm1 juicy1 sweet2 good2 stone medium1 roundish2 early4 ,schneeberger ,kirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,obstzchter #h3eb4 #aiaj4 ,this is a market cherry grown about ,vienna1 ,austria1 ripening about the middle of ,july and lasting for a month4 ,some fruits are round1 others cordate1 depending on the altitude in which it is grown2 stem slender2 color black2 flesh moderately firm1 adhering to the pit4 ,schneider ,frhe ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgf4 #ahhi4 ,guigne-htive de ,schneider4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aih4 #ahgf4 ,tree vigorous and productive2 fruit large1 cordate1 truncate2 skin a brilliant brownish-black2 flesh firm2 of first quality2 matures early in ,june4 ,schneider ,spte ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #cgj1 #cga4 #ahha4 #b4 ,lauche ,deut4 ,pom4 ,,iii3,no4 #h1 ,pl4 #ahhb4 ,origin1 ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit very large1 oval1 often cordate1 sides compressed2 suture indistinct2 stem long1 inserted in a wide1 deep cavity2 skin glossy1 cherry-red changing to dark brown1 with numerous flecks2 flesh firm1 yellowish1 sweet1 with slightly colored juice2 stone elongated-ovate1 large1 plump2 late4 ,schne von ,brgge4 ,species8 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgf4 #ahhi4 ,belle ,brugeoise ,saint-,pierre4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,listed but not described in the reference given4 ,schne von ,marienhohe4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #eg fig41 #eh4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #eg4 #aijg4 ,belle glorie de ,marie4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cjj4 #ahff4 ,belle de ,marienhhe4 #d4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ai1 #ahg4 #ahgf4 ,beauty of ,marienhohe4 #e4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #edi4 #aija4 ,this old variety originated in #ahcf from pits planted in the ,royal nursery of ,marienhhe near ,weimar1 ,saxe-,weimar1 ,germany4 ,trees strong1 healthy and productive2 fruit medium in size1 heart-shaped1 often variable2 sides plump2 cavity noticeable2 apex a small yellowish-brown point in a slight depression2 stem slender1 green2 skin thin1 glossy1 reddish-black2 flesh and juice dark red1 tender1 sweet2 quality very good2 pit egg-shaped1 smooth without a point1 turgid2 ripens the first of ,july4 ,schrcks ,spte ,bunte ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3dc4 #aheh4 ,fruit large1 elongated-cordate1 compressed1 often uneven2 suture noticeable2 stem long1 slender2 skin dark red1 variegated2 flesh firm1 vinous1 sweet2 stone elongated-cordate1 adherent2 ripens at the end of ,july4 ,schwarze ,forellenkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #gj1 #ga4 #agij4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #eic1 #eid4 #ahai4 ,tree productive1 not large2 fruit large1 roundish1 slightly flattened2 stem very long1 set in a cavity of medium size2 skin glossy1 dark brownish-black becoming almost black2 flesh very red1 melting1 juicy1 sour2 stone reddish1 one-half inch long2 ripens early in ,august4 ,schwarze ,maiweichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhe4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3eh4 #aheh4 ,schwarze ,maikirsche4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dih1 #dii1 #ejj4 #ahai4 ,this variety differs from other ,morellos in its very short stem4 ,tree small1 not productive2 fruit usually small1 roundish1 flattened2 suture indistinct2 stem short2 color black when ripe2 flesh dark red1 juice lighter1 sour1 becoming aromatic on hanging2 stone very small1 round2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,schwarze ,muskateller4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #fga4 #agig4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dai1 #dbj1 #dba4 #ahai4 ,fruit round1 somewhat flattened on one side2 stem short2 skin and flesh dark red2 flesh soft1 juicy1 mingled with a slight sourness2 ripens the latter part of ,july4 ,schwarze ,oranienkirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #ef4 #agij4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dcb4 #ahai4 ,schwarze ,malvasierkirsche4 #c4 ,ibid4 #dcc1 #dcd4 #ahai4 ,fruit large1 pitch-black1 aromatic2 from ,holland4 ,schwarze ,soodkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhf4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #eef1 #eeg4 #ahai4 ,branches slender1 drooping2 fruit of medium size1 oblate1 sides flattened2 stem slender2 cavity shallow2 suture a fine line2 color almost black2 flesh tender1 slightly fibrous1 dark red at the stone1 juicy1 pleasingly subacid2 stone small1 roundish2 season the middle of ,july4 ,schwarzbraune ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #aih1 #aii1 #bjj1 #fge4 #ahai4 ,of ,german origin and first mentioned in #agig4 ,fruit moderately large1 uneven1 flattened at the base and sides2 stem slender1 rather long1 deeply inserted2 skin brownish-red approaching black1 tough1 leather-like2 flesh firm1 sweet1 with violet juice when ripe2 ripens early in ,august4 ,schwarzes ,taubenherz4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #adg1 #adh4 #ahai4 ,this variety is peculiar in that its stem is green and its fruit has a deep suture on the compressed side2 skin very dark brown2 flesh tender1 soft1 bitter1 sweet when fully ripe but insipid2 ripens early in ,july4 ,sebril4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #aeb3aib4 #ahih4 ,listed as a ,sweet ,cherry4 ,seckbacher4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #afg-agd4 #ahai4 #b4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #dge fig41 #dgf4 #ahfa4 ,spte ,maikirsche4 #c4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffj4 #agig4 ,seckbacher ,knorpelkirsche4 #d4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3cd4 #aheh4 ,cerise de ,seckbach4 #e4 ,mas4 ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ee1 #ef1 fig4 #bh4 #ahhb4 ,this variety probably originated in ,prussia1 ,germany4 ,fruit small1 round or cordate1 compressed1 with a faint suture2 stem long1 shallowly inserted2 color glossy1 black1 lighter along the suture2 flesh dark red1 firm1 juicy1 aromatic1 piquant2 stone large2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,seederberger4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,col4 ,o4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ca4 #ahib4 ,listed as a sweet variety from ,virginia and said to resemble ,yellow ,spanish but the fruit is larger and the tree more vigorous4 ,select ,beauty4 ,species8 #a4 ,prince ,treat4 ,hort4 #cj4 #ahbh4 ,a large1 red1 well-flavored cherry with a long stem2 not very productive2 ripens in ,july4 ,shadow ,amarelle4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbf4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3hb fig4 #aijc4 ,frhe ,schattenmorelle4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fd4 #aheh4 ,schatten ,amarelle4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ge4 #ahhc4 #e4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbi4 #ahhe4 #f4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abf4 #aijj4 ,shadow ,morello4 #g4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #gh4 #ahij4 #h4 ,lucas ,handb4 ,obst4 #crd ,ed4 #abb4 #ahic4 ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd of ,ames1 ,iowa1 in #ahic1 imported this variety from south-central ,asia4 ,it is very similar to the ,brusseler ,braune and ,lucas gives it as the same4 ,whether or not they are identical we cannot determine1 as the variety is not grown on the ,station grounds4 ,the name ,schatten is derived from the mirror-like reflection of the glossy skin when exposed to the sun4 ,from the description it seems to differ from the ,brusseler ,braune in being smaller in size1 not so globular1 nor as dark in color1 a few days earlier1 and the tree is more spreading in growth4 ,shailer4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ee4 #ahca4 ,a yellowish-red1 hard-fleshed ,heart cherry of inferior quality2 ripens in ,july4 ,shannon4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjb1 #bjc4 #ahed4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 ,shannon ,morello4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #gj1 #ia4 #ahff4 ,gov4 ,shannon4 #d4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cc4 #ahgc4 ,shannon was raised by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 #ahbi1 and described in #ahdi1 being named after ,wilson ,shannon1 once ,governor of ,ohio4 ,it sprung from a ,morello tree standing near a ,carnation cherry tree and bears fruit of the ,morello type4 ,tree very hardy2 fruit above medium in size1 globular1 flattened at the base2 stem long1 slender2 cavity open2 flesh tender1 reddish-purple1 juicy1 acid2 pit small4 ,shelton4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,milton ,cat4 #aj4 #aiaa4 ,shelton is a seedling of ,napoleon grown by ,judge ,william ,shelton of ,walla ,walla1 ,washington4 ,tree hardy1 vigorous1 upright2 fruit smaller than ,napoleon2 skin pale yellow with a red cheek2 flesh sweet1 tender1 juicy2 ripens two weeks before ,napoleon4 ,short-stem ,may4 ,species8 #a4 ,continental ,plant ,cat4 #bb4 #aiad4 ,merely listed as an old1 well-known1 productive cherry4 ,shubianka4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,mich4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbg4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3hc4 #aijc4 ,shubianka is an inferior small-fruited cherry of the ,vladimir family imported from ,russia in #ahhc by ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 ,ames1 ,iowa4 ,tree dwarf1 round-topped2 fruit small1 round2 stem long1 slender2 cavity broad1 shallow2 skin tough1 thick1 deep red2 flesh firm1 juicy1 colored1 sprightly1 astringent with a bitter after-taste2 stone round1 rather large2 season at the end of ,june2 worthless4 ,sibrel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,greening ,bros4 ,cat4 #gd fig4 #ahii4 ,sibrel is of the ,morello type and originated at ,bettsville1 ,ohio2 distinguished for its productiveness1 lateness1 size and quality4 ,silver ,thorne4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3hc4 #aijc4 ,silver ,thorne is supposed to have originated in ,muscatine ,county1 ,iowa1 about sixty years ago4 ,it resembles ,early ,richmond in tree and fruit but the cherries have firmer flesh and are less acid4 ,skublics ,weichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ei4 #aijg4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,sleinhaus4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas4 ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,listed without a description4 ,small ,black ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aab4 #ahcb4 ,this cherry differs from ,black ,guigne in being shorter and inferior in quality4 ,small ,morello4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thacher ,am4 ,orch4 #bag4 #ahbb4 ,a cherry from ,salem ,county1 ,new ,jersey2 the fruit has a lively acid taste4 ,smidt ,yellow4 ,species8 #a4 ,thomas ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 #ffi4 #ahig4 ,a good1 early1 prolific1 southern variety4 ,fruit medium in size1 yellow1 mottled with red4 ,socsany4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #da4 #ahie4 ,socsany was received from ,hungary by the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture in #ahic and was sent to ,c4 ,e4 ,hoskins1 ,springbrook1 ,oregon1 for testing4 ,fruit small1 smooth1 cordate2 suture shallow2 stem long1 slender2 cavity medium in size1 irregular1 flaring2 skin thick1 tenacious1 yellow1 well covered with red1 with numerous1 subcutaneous1 oblong dots2 flesh yellowish1 translucent1 meaty1 with whitish veins1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 stone large1 oval1 clinging2 very good2 season the first of ,july4 ,soft-stone ,cherry4 ,species8 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ade4 #ahcb4 ,soft ,sheld4 #b4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egd4 #afbi4 ,cerise ,noyau tendre4 #c4 ,duhamel ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 #a3agd1 #age4 #agfh4 ,many writers mention a seedless cherry but ,duhamel doubts its existence4 ,he does1 however1 describe one with a tender1 ligneous pit that is easily broken by the fingers4 ,the fruit is round1 almost an inch in diameter and very good4 ,souths ,breite ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #afd4 #ahai4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #be4 #ahgf4 ,a large1 black1 glossy ,heart cherry4 ,souvenir d',essonnes4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas4 ,le ,verger #h3aji1 #aaj1 fig4 #ec4 #ahff-gc4 ,this cherry was obtained by ,m4 ,courtin1 a nurseryman at ,essonnes1 ,seine-et-,oise1 ,france1 about #ahfj4 ,fruit of medium size1 oval1 slightly compressed2 suture indistinct2 stem medium2 cavity of medium size1 regular2 skin tender1 mottled on a red ground2 flesh whitish1 tender1 sweet though sprightly2 pit small1 oval2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,spanische ,frhkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #adi fig41 #aej4 #ahfj4 ,spanische ,herzkirsche4 #b4 ,christ ,obstbume #afj4 #agia4 ,schwarze ,spanische ,frhkirsche4 #c4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffb4 #agig4 #d4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhb4 #ahjb4 #e4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #daj-dac4 #ahai4 ,prcoce d',espagne4 #f4 ,mas4 ,le ,verger #h3gc1 #gd1 fig4 #ce4 #ahff-gc4 #g4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #af1 #bjd4 #ahgf4 ,fruit medium in size1 roundish-cordate1 sides compressed2 suture wide1 deep1 often only a line on the dorsal side2 stem long1 slender1 inserted in a shallow1 narrow cavity2 skin glossy1 tough1 deep red changing to black2 flesh tender1 juicy1 sweet1 with a pleasing sourness1 brownish-red2 pit elongated-oval1 not plump1 rather smooth2 season the middle of ,june4 ,spanische ,frhweichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #fgd4 #agig4 #b4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhi4 #ahjb4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ejj1 #eja1 #ejb4 #ahai4 ,griotte ,prcoce d',espagne4 #d4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3da1 #db1 fig4 #ai4 #ahff-gc4 ,tree strong1 vigorous1 productive2 fruit above medium in size1 roundish1 truncate at the base2 suture marked on the side most compressed2 stem long1 moderately stout1 inserted in a deep1 narrow cavity2 skin tender1 purplish-brown1 changing to black1 somewhat lighter near the suture2 flesh tender1 juicy1 dark red1 with a pleasing acidity2 first quality2 stone small1 roundish-oval1 apex pointed2 season the last of ,june4 ,spanische ,glaskirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ejc fig41 #ejd4 #ahfa4 ,grosse ,spanische ,weichsel8 #b4 ,christ ,handb4 #fhc4 #agig4 ,transparente d',espagne4 #c4 ,mas4 ,le ,verger #h3aja1 #ajb1 fig4 #di4 #ahff-gc4 ,fruit large1 oblate1 compressed on the dorsal side2 suture lacking2 stem rather long2 cavity deep2 color dark red2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 juicy1 acidulated2 stone small1 nearly round2 ripens from the middle to the end of ,june4 ,spanish ,griotte4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3acf4 #ahcb4 ,prince believed this variety to be a sub-variety of ,arch ,duke which it resembles4 ,the fruit is larger than the ,arch ,duke1 oblong1 somewhat flattened along the sides2 stem very large1 of medium length2 skin brownish-red approaching black2 flesh red1 firm1 slightly melting1 sweet2 ripens at the beginning of ,july4 ,sptblhende ,glaskirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #fhc4 #agig4 ,weichselbaum mit gelb1 weiss1 und rthlich marmorirte ,frucht4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3g1 ,tab4 #ag fig4 #b4 #agib4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #dgg-dgi1 #fij4 #ahai4 ,fruit of medium size2 stem long1 slender2 color red2 flesh pleasingly subacid2 ripens the middle of ,july2 blooms very late4 ,spte ,maulbeerkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bgf4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ge fig41 #gf4 #ahfj4 ,spte ,maulbeerherzkirsche4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ace-adj4 #ahai4 ,guigne mre de ,paris4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3hc1 #bjg4 #ahff4 ,tree vigorous1 with a broad crown1 productive2 fruit variable in size1 flattened somewhat squarely2 stem long1 stout1 straight2 cavity wide1 shallow2 skin tough1 black1 rather dull2 flesh tender1 reddish-black1 with abundant1 colored juice1 sweet with a piquant sourness2 pit round2 season the last of ,july4 ,spte ,rote ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgh4 #ahhi4 ,listed without a description4 ,spte ,schwarze ,forellenkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bia4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fje1 #fjf4 #ahai4 ,this variety was found in ,bernburg1 ,anhalt1 ,germany4 ,tree medium in height1 with branches drooping2 fruit large1 dark brownish-red2 very sour2 stone very long2 ripens in ,september with a few fruits remaining until ,october4 ,spte ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #dc fig41 #dd4 #ahfg4 ,fruit very large1 roundish1 flattened1 angular2 suture but a line2 stem rather long2 cavity shallow2 skin glossy1 dark red1 becoming black1 streaked2 flesh dark red1 firm1 sweet1 aromatic1 with a slight bitterness2 stone oval2 ripens in late ,august4 ,spte ,schwarze ,spanische ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffd4 #agig4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #aeb1 #aec4 #ahai4 ,this variety is distinguished from all others of its class by its soft1 tender stone2 it differs from the ,soft-stone ,cherry in shape4 ,fruit elongated1 tapering-cordate2 skin glossy1 dark brown1 changing to black2 flesh tender1 dark red1 juicy1 aromatic2 stone medium in size1 flattened1 often abortive1 with a thin covering over the kernel easily broken by the hand2 ripens in late ,august4 ,speckkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffe4 #agig4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bhg-bhi4 #ahai4 ,cerise ,graisseuse4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cjc4 #ahff4 ,cerise ,lard4 #d4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ha1 #hb1 fig4 #da4 #ahhb4 ,this cherry is sometimes mistaken for ,corone4 ,it differs from other ,bigarreaus in its variable form4 ,tree productive2 fruit medium to large2 stem rather long1 set in a shallow cavity2 color dark red with lighter red flecks2 flesh firm1 pale yellow1 subacid2 stone rather large1 nearly free2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,spitzens ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #afj1 #afa1 #fgc4 #ahai4 #b4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ga fig41 #gb4 #ahfj4 #c4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cja4 #ahff4 #d4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aii4 #ahgf4 ,guigne noire ,spitz4 #e4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ccc fig4 #ahgg4 ,bigarreau noire de ,spitz4 #f4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,spitzens ,herzkirsche is a seedling found in ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 about #agij4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit usually borne in pairs1 large1 obtuse-cordate1 compressed2 suture shallow2 stem short2 cavity shallow2 skin glossy1 tender1 dark reddish-brown changing to black1 lighter along the suture2 flesh dark red1 tender1 fibrous1 sweet1 aromatic when fully ripe2 stone of medium size1 plump1 oval1 slightly adherent2 season late4 ,srdcovka v ,skalka4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,obstzchter #h3ea4 #aiaj4 ,a ,heart cherry found in the markets of ,brnn1 ,moravia1 ,austria4 ,stanapa4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 pissardi4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #acj3aij1 #aia4 #aiaa4 ,stanapa is a cross between the ,sand ,cherry and ,prunus pissardi1 interesting only because of its beautiful purple foliage4 ,standard4 ,p4 pumila4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #cec4 #ahif4 ,standard is a seedling of ,prunus pumila1 the ,sand ,cherry1 grown by the ,experiment ,station at ,manitoba1 ,canada2 fruit large1 astringent4 ,starr ,prolific4 ,species8 #a4 ,ont4 ,fr4 ,exp4 ,sta4 ,rpt4 #a3bb4 #ahid4 ,mentioned as growing on the grounds of ,l4 ,woolverton1 ,grimsby1 ,ontario1 ,canada4 ,strass ,early ,black4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dgc4 #ahfi4 #b4 ,agr4 ,gaz4 ,n4 ,s4 ,wales #ai3iif4 #aijh4 ,many writers believe ,strass ,early ,black to be ,reine ,hortense4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit small1 partly cordate1 flattened on one side2 stem of medium length1 set in a shallow cavity2 skin dark red becoming almost black2 flesh reddish-pink1 rather soft1 sweet1 with pinkish juice2 stone large4 ,strauss4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abg4 #aijj4 ,strauss ,weichsel4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #cbh4 #ahhe4 #c4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #ag3aa4 #ahib4 ,this is not the ,strauss ,weichsel of ,europe but one of ,budd's importations4 ,tree upright1 hardy1 round-topped1 vigorous1 unproductive2 fruit medium to large1 truncate1 flattened at both ends2 cavity medium2 apex smooth2 stem short1 slender2 flesh dark red almost black1 firm1 juicy1 sprightly1 acid1 astringent2 stone small1 round2 season the last of ,june4 ,strauss ,weichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhi4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ejb-eje4 #ahai4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ei4 #aheh4 #d4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ha fig41 #hb4 #ahfg4 ,tree dwarfish1 unproductive2 fruit on a single stem but several come out of one bud and the buds are closely set2 fruit large1 flattened at both ends2 apex slightly rounded2 stem long1 thin1 straight2 color brownish-black2 flesh tender1 dark red1 with abundant1 colored juice2 quality good2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,striker4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #da4 #ahie4 ,striker is a seedling of ,napoleon grown by ,c4 ,e4 ,hoskins1 ,springbrook1 ,oregon4 ,fruit large1 cordate2 cavity wide1 deep1 flaring1 pink2 stem of medium length1 slender2 suture shallow2 skin thick1 tender1 glossy1 yellow1 washed and mottled with red2 dots minute1 russet1 elongated2 flesh yellowish1 translucent1 fibrous1 firm1 juicy1 mild1 sprightly2 very good2 pit of medium size1 oval1 semi-clinging2 season the last of ,june to early ,july4 ,striped-,leaved4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aea4 #ahcb4 ,cerasus hortensis foliis eleganter variegatis4 #b4 ,miller ,gard4 ,dict4 #a3aged4 ,cultivated as an ornamental4 ,stuart4 ,p4 avium4 ,stuart originated from nursery-sown pits and was propagated by ,c4 ,w4 ,stuart of ,newark1 ,new ,york1 who sent trees to this ,station for testing in #aijj4 ,tree of medium size1 vigorous1 productive2 fruit large1 cordate or inclined to conic1 compressed2 suture indistinct2 stem long1 slender2 cavity deep1 wide1 obtuse2 skin thin1 tender2 color light red over a yellowish background changing to dark1 glossy red2 flesh whitish1 juicy1 tender1 meaty1 crisp1 mild1 sweet2 quality good2 ripens in mid-season4 ,sucre ,lon ,leclerc4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ai1 #bjf4 #ahgf ,guigne sucre de ,lon ,leclerc4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ih4 #ahff4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cci1 #cdj fig4 #ahgg4 ,lon ,leclercs ,herzkirsche4 #d4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #ef4 #aijg4 ,this variety originated with ,lon ,leclerc of ,laval1 ,mayenne1 ,france1 about #ahec4 ,tree small1 productive2 fruit of medium size1 borne in twos or threes1 cordate-ovoid2 stem long1 slender1 inserted in a cavity of medium size2 skin deep rose-carmine2 flesh whitish1 semi-tender1 very sugary1 aromatic2 pit medium in size1 elongated-oval2 ripens about the end of ,june4 ,summit4 ,p4 avium4 ,summit is a seedling sent this ,station by ,isaiah ,lower1 ,barberton1 ,ohio4 ,according to ,mr4 ,lower1 the tree is vigorous and bears large1 dark red cherries1 very rich in juice and of a pleasing taste4 ,ssse ,amarelle4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3h1 ,tab4 #bj fig4 #a4 #agib4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #fah1 #fai4 #ahai4 #c4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #hi fig41 #ij4 #ahfg4 #d4 ,oberdieck ,obst-,sort4 #cef1 #ceg4 #ahha4 ,spte ,amarelle incor4 #e4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bid4 #ahjb4 ,this variety is probably of ,french origin4 ,tree medium in height1 bushy1 productive2 fruit large1 flattened on both ends and on one side giving it a four-angled appearance2 stem short1 stout2 cavity flat1 shallow2 apex slightly depressed2 suture short1 slightly prominent2 skin dark red1 thin1 tough1 separating readily from the pulp2 flesh tender1 juicy1 white1 sweet2 stone large1 thick1 round1 free2 season the middle of ,june4 ,ssse ,frhherzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #aed1 #aee1 #fgb4 #ahai4 ,fruit rather small1 round1 compressed and marked by a suture2 stem long1 slender2 color dark brown1 becoming black2 flesh tender1 sweet1 piquant2 stone large1 adherent2 season the end of ,june4 ,ssse ,frhweichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhh4 #ahjb4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ecf-ech4 #ahai4 #c4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #cgi4 #ahhi4 ,cerise ,htive4 #d4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3bc1 #bd1 fig4 #aj4 #ahff-gc4 ,this cherry should not be confused with the dark-fleshed variety1 ,griotte ,douce ,prcoce4 ,branches long1 flexible2 fruit usually borne in twos or threes1 of medium size1 roundish1 flattened2 suture rather distinct2 stem short1 set in a large cavity2 skin tender1 clear red becoming darker2 flesh whitish1 mild2 stone small1 roundish2 ripens early in ,june4 ,ssse ,maiherzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffb4 #agig4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #aaa-aae4 #ahai4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ai4 #aheh4 ,fruit round1 medium in size2 suture indistinct2 skin black2 flesh dark red1 piquant2 stone small1 plump1 roundish1 adherent along the suture2 season the middle of ,june to ,july4 ,ssse ,spanische4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bcc-bce4 #ahai4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #bjf4 #ahgf4 ,douce d',espagne4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ba1 #bb1 fig4 #aa4 #ahhb4 ,this cherry was sent out by ,pastor ,winter of ,germany in #agif as a seedling of ,white ,spanish4 ,fruit above medium to large1 cordate2 sides compressed and marked by a suture2 stem rather long1 slender1 set in a narrow cavity2 skin dull yellow1 spotted with red1 often dull2 flesh whitish-yellow with a reddish tinge near the skin1 tender1 sweet2 stone small1 broadly cordate1 adherent2 season late4 ,ssskirsche mit ,gefurster ,blthe4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,listed without a description4 ,sweedish4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,cultivator ,n4 ,s4 #g3bgj4 #ahej4 ,sweedish is one of ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland's varieties1 possibly identical with ,white ,heart4 ,its strikingly rugose or wrinkled surface distinguishes it from other cherries4 ,sweet ,montmorency4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhd4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aic fig4 #ahde4 ,allen's ,sweet ,montmorency4 #c4 ,bridgeman ,gard4 ,ass't ,pt4 #c3ahc4 #ahdg4 ,the fruit of this variety resembles ,montmorency in external appearance but it is of a sweet1 delicate flavor and the growth and habit of the tree is that of a ,heart4 ,probably it is a hybrid between a ,heart and a ,morello or ,montmorency4 ,it was raised by ,j4 ,f4 ,allen1 ,salem1 ,massachusetts4 ,tree vigorous1 somewhat spreading2 fruit rather small1 nearly round2 suture shallow2 stem short2 cavity shallow2 skin pale amber in the shade1 deep orange in the sun1 becoming darker1 and mottled with yellow2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 juicy1 sweet1 high quality2 stone small1 round1 slightly adherent2 season the last of ,july to ,august4 ,sweet ,morello4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ed4 #ahca4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,tarascon ,kirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #e fig41 #f4 #ahfg4 ,guigne de ,tarascon4 #b4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3ei-fa1 fig4 #d1 #bai4 #ahff4 #c4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ah1 #aii4 #ahgf4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3ccf1 #ccg fig4 #ahgg4 ,tarascon ,kirsche originated in ,bouches-du-,rhne1 ,france4 ,tree of medium height1 moderately vigorous2 fruit rather large1 usually attached by fours1 obtuse-cordate1 surface irregular2 suture indistinct2 stem rather slender1 medium in length2 cavity often shallow2 skin glossy1 changing to nearly black2 flesh colored1 juicy1 tender1 sweet2 ripens late in ,june4 ,tardive d',avignon4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3aec1 #aed fig4 #ci1 #aee4 #ahff4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cie1 #cif fig4 #ahgg4 ,this variety is grown at ,avignon1 ,vaucluse1 ,france4 ,tree vigorous1 large2 fruit usually attached in pairs1 of medium size1 compressed at the base1 mamelon at the apex2 suture indistinct2 stem very long1 slender1 set in a broad1 shallow cavity2 apex prominent2 skin thin but firm1 dark glossy red1 never becoming black1 easily detached from the pulp2 flesh clear blood-red netted with white1 tender1 juicy1 sweet1 with pronounced acidity2 first quality2 pit small1 roundish1 moderately grooved2 matures at the beginning of ,july4 ,tardive de ,brederode4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aef4 #ahhb4 ,leaves and flowers described4 ,tardive ,noire d',espagne4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,tardive de ,peine4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,listed without a description4 ,tecumseh4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bjc4 #ahed4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ai3afg1 #afh4 #ahec4 #c4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3fe1 #ff1 fig4 #cc4 #ahhb4 ,tecumseh was raised in #ahdb by ,professor ,j4 ,p4 ,kirtland1 ,cleveland1 ,ohio1 from a pit of ,yellow ,spanish1 probably fertilized by ,black ,tartarian1 ,black ,mazzard1 or ,may ,duke4 ,tree moderately vigorous1 spreading1 hardy1 productive2 fruit medium to large1 obtuse-cordate1 compressed1 with a broad1 shallow suture2 stem long1 moderately thick2 skin thin1 tender1 deep reddish-purple changing to purplish-black1 glossy1 sometimes mottled with red2 flesh reddish-purple1 rather tender1 very juicy1 sweet yet sprightly but not high flavored2 quality good2 stone medium in size1 smooth1 round1 slightly elongated2 ripens from the middle to the end of ,july4 ,temple4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,col4 ,o4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ca4 #ahib4 ,temple is a large ,duke1 subacid in flavor1 ripening about ,june #ajth4 ,tree an upright grower4 ,terry4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #afh4 #ahig4 #b4 ,del4 ,sta4 ,an4 ,rpt4 #ab3abb4 #aijj4 #c4 ,budd-,hansen ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 #b3bhc4 #aijc4 ,terry ,early4 #d4 ,stark ,bros4 ,cat4 #ba4 #aiaj4 ,terry was probably imported by ,h4 ,a4 ,terry1 ,crescent1 ,iowa1 from ,russia4 ,tree moderately upright1 hardy2 fruit of medium size1 roundish1 flattened laterally2 suture indistinct2 stem medium long2 cavity shallow2 skin tough1 slightly astringent1 deep red2 flesh meaty1 subacid1 colored2 stone small1 roundish2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,thirty ,day4 ,species8 #a4 ,col4 ,o4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #i4 #ahij4 ,thirty ,day is said to ripen thirty days from the time of blossoming4 ,it was grown by a ,mr4 ,irwin of ,fairfield ,county1 ,ohio2 fruit large and of excellent quality4 ,thompson4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bij4 #ahhi4 ,thompson is a seedling of ,black ,tartarian1 which it closely resembles1 from ,napa ,county1 ,california4 ,tree hardier and the fruit firmer than ,black ,tartarian4 ,thrnen ,muskatellerkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #fhc4 #agig4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #agd-agg4 #ahai4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ce4 #aheh4 ,bigarreautier rameaux pendants4 #d4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge #d3he1 #hf1 ,pl4 #ahef4 #e4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bcc fig41 #bcd4 #ahgg4 ,muscat des ,larmes4 #f4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cja4 #ahff4 ,this old variety is said to have been introduced into ,germany and ,france from the ,island of ,minorca in the ,mediterranean4 ,the branches very soon take on a drooping habit whence its name2 leaves long and narrow1 peach-like2 fruit large1 often borne in pairs1 flattened at the stem as well as at the sides1 marked by a suture2 skin dark brownish-red2 flesh dark red1 firm1 juicy2 excellent2 stone plump1 oval2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,tilgner ,rothe ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bed1 #bee4 #ahai4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3bg4 #aheh4 #c4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ajc fig41 #ajd4 #ahfj4 ,guigne de ,tilgener4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cjb4 #ahff4 ,bigarreau rouge de ,tilgener8 #e4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,this variety is a seedling from ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany4 ,tree large1 productive2 fruit above medium in size1 cordate2 suture shallow2 stem medium to above in length1 rather deeply inserted2 color yellowish1 spotted and streaked with red often becoming wholly red2 flesh pale white1 juicy1 tender1 sweet1 aromatic2 quality very good2 stone oval1 acutely pointed1 plump1 grooved2 ripens at the end of ,june4 ,tilgner ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #cc fig41 #cd4 #ahfg4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #chj4 #ahhi4 ,bigarreau noir de ,tilgner4 #c4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bcj fig4 #ahgg4 ,another seedling from ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany1 originating about #aheb4 ,tree vigorous1 healthy1 productive2 fruit usually borne in threes1 very large1 obtuse-cordate1 often pointed1 compressed2 suture indistinct2 stem short1 stout1 set in a deep1 rather wide cavity2 skin moderately tender1 glossy1 black when ripe2 flesh rather tender1 dark red1 aromatic1 pleasing2 stone of medium size1 oval2 season late4 ,tobacco-,leaved4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3abb1 #abc4 #ahcb4 ,ounce4 #b4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #ega4 #afbi4 ,cerise ,feuilles bigarres4 #c4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3ce4 #agga4 ,four to the ,pound4 #d4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bfg-bgg4 #ahai4 #e4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #di4 #ahca4 chte 7sein sollende7 ,kirsche ,vier auf ein ,pfund4 #f4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bhc1 #bhd1 #fgi4 #ahai4 ,bigarreautier grandes feuilles4 #g4 ,poiteau ,pom4 ,franc4 #b3 ,no4 #aj1 ,pl4 #ahdf4 ,gross blttrige ,molkenkirsche4 #h4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ca4 #aheh4 ,bigarreau ,feuilles de ,tabac4 #i4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bja fig41 #bjb1 #bjc1 #bjd4 #ahgg4 ,the foliage is an object of curiosity in this variety1 the leaves often measuring a foot in length and from five to eight inches in width4 ,the fruits are rather below medium in size4 ,the young shoots present a much undulated appearance4 ,the variety is evidently of ,english origin1 being mentioned in #afbi1 by ,parkinson4 ,fruit below medium in size1 heart-shaped2 stem long1 slender2 skin tender1 glossy1 yellow overspread with red2 flesh firm1 transparent1 juicy1 rich1 sweet2 stone of medium size1 ovate2 ripens early in ,august4 ,toctonne ,prcoce4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aef4 #ahhb4 ,the fruit is not described4 ,tokeya4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 simonii4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ajh3,pl4 #d4 #aijh4 #b4 ,ibid4 #acj3ahh ,pl4 #ac1 #ahi4 #aiaa4 ,tokeya is a cross between the ,sand ,cherry and the ,simon plum and was introduced as ,south ,dakota ,no4 #g by the ,south ,dakota ,station4 ,the early fruiting and the dwarfing habit of the ,sand ,cherries are very evident2 fruit one and three-eighths inches in diameter1 flat1 dark red2 flesh green1 sprightly subacid1 intermediate between that of the two parents2 of good quality2 pit very small4 ,tomato4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ib4 #ahff4 ,pomme-d',amour4 #b4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ba1 #bjc4 #ahgf4 ,love ,apple4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #crd ,app4 #afc4 #ahha4 ,tomato is a ,duke cherry of ,spanish origin4 ,fruit large1 roundish-oblate1 often depressed or tomato-shaped2 suture shallow2 apex a dot2 stem long1 slender1 set in a large1 broad1 moderately deep cavity2 skin yellowish1 shaded with red2 flesh yellowish1 tender1 juicy1 sprightly subacid2 quality very good2 ripens early in ,july4 ,toronto4 ,species8 #a4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #bb4 #ahib-ic4 #b4 ,agr4 ,gaz4 ,n4 ,s4 ,wales #ai3iih4 #aijh4 ,tree upright1 fairly vigorous1 productive2 fruit borne in twos and threes1 small1 cordate1 flattened on the sides1 dark red2 flesh and juice dark red1 soft4 ,toupie4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3bgj4 #ahed4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3ag1 #ah1 fig4 #i4 #ahhb4 ,kreiselkirsche4 #c4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #be fig41 #bf4 #ahfg4 ,bigarreau ,toupie4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bdf1 #bdg fig4 #ahgg4 ,a peculiar top-shaped fruit raised by ,m4 ,denis ,henrard of the ,university of ,liege1 ,belgium4 ,tree vigorous1 moderately productive2 fruit large1 elongated1 pointed-cordate1 sides slightly compressed2 suture indistinct2 stem moderately long1 slender1 often curved1 inserted in a narrow1 shallow cavity2 skin pale red becoming darker2 flesh half-tender1 juicy1 dark red where exposed1 sweet1 acidulated2 pit large1 oval1 tapering toward the apex1 plump2 ripens at the last of ,june4 ,townsend4 ,p4 cerasus4 ,townsend is a strong1 vigorous1 productive cherry grown by ,w4 ,p4 ,townsend1 ,lockport1 ,new ,york4 ,fruit large1 obtuse-cordate1 with a high shoulder1 compressed2 suture distinct2 stem long1 rather slender1 set in a broad1 somewhat deep cavity2 skin light amber1 mottled and shaded with carmine2 flesh almost tender1 juicy1 sprightly1 refreshing2 pit small2 ripens late in ,june4 ,transparent4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ib4 #ahff4 ,transparent was grown by ,m4 ,de ,jonghe of ,brussels1 ,belgium1 from seed of ,montmorency4 ,fruit above medium in size1 oblate1 with a faint suture which is distinctly marked at the apex2 skin pale red1 thin1 transparent1 showing the fibrous flesh beneath2 flesh tender1 melting1 sweet1 delicious4 ,transparent ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,forsyth ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees #dc4 #ahjc4 #b4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aai4 #ahcb4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agg4 #ahde4 ,jahns ,durchsichtige4 #d4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #adc fig41 #add4 #ahfj4 ,transparent de ,jahn4 #e4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3fe1 #ff1 fig4 #ca4 #ahff-gc4 ,this is a ,european cherry formerly grown to some extent in ,america4 ,tree moderately vigorous1 erect at first2 fruit small1 borne in pairs1 regular1 oval-cordate2 stem rather long1 inserted in a narrow cavity2 suture a wide1 dark line2 skin thin1 glossy1 pellucid1 showing the stone1 yellowish-white1 blotched with fine red2 flesh yellowish-white1 with a reddish cast1 tender1 juicy1 aromatic2 stone medium in size1 oval1 free2 ripens late in ,june4 ,transparente de ,meylan4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bh4 #ahgf4 ,fruit large1 round1 transparent2 flesh delicate1 fine1 acid at first becoming sugary2 ripens at the end of ,may4 ,transparente de ,rivers4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #ag1 #bjg4 #ahgf4 ,this is an ,english variety introduced into ,france about #ahfe4 ,fruit large1 spherical1 depressed1 with a spotted rose-carmine color2 flesh firm1 juicy1 sugary1 slightly acidulated2 first quality2 ripens early in ,july4 ,transparente de ,siebenfreund4 ,species8 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bh4 #ahgf4 #b4 ,guide ,prat4 #aa4 #ahie4 ,a large1 beautiful cherry ripening the last of ,june from ,m4 ,siebenfreund1 a druggist at ,tyrnau1 northwestern ,hungary4 ,triomphe de ,fausin4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,listed in the reference given4 ,troprichters ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bjf1 #fgf1 #fgg4 #ahai4 ,guigne ,troprichtz4 #b4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3cdj1 #cda fig4 #ahgg4 ,an old ,german variety4 ,fruit large1 roundish-oval2 skin clear red becoming more intense2 flesh juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 of good quality2 ripens early in ,june4 ,truchsess ,schwarze ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #chj4 #ahhi4 ,listed but not described4 ,tubbs4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3hf4 #aijc4 ,tubbs originated in ,iowa ,city1 ,iowa4 ,fruit of medium size1 oblate1 slightly cordate2 stem long1 rather stout1 inserted in a deep1 narrow opening2 suture very indistinct2 apex convex2 skin thick1 dark red2 flesh colored1 crisp1 meaty1 slightly acid1 juicy2 quality very good2 stone small1 round2 ripens late in ,june4 ,trkine4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,handb4 #ffg4 #agig4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bfe-bfg4 #ahai4 #c4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #aji fig41 #aaj4 #ahfj4 ,christ once labeled the ,flamentiner1 ,trkine1 which has given rise to some confusion4 ,the true ,trkine was sent out by ,sello as ,runde ,weisse ,spte ,kirsche4 ,tree not very vigorous or productive2 fruit of medium size1 very broad1 cordate2 suture indistinct2 stem long1 slender2 cavity variable2 skin spotted with red and yellow2 flesh softer than most ,hearts1 white1 juicy2 quality very good2 stone plump1 roundish2 ripens late in ,july4 ,turkirsche ,grosse4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,guide ,prat4 #aa4 #ahie4 ,a ,german variety which resembles ,elton2 fruit large1 pointed2 flesh white1 sweet2 first quality2 ripens throughout ,july4 ,turner ,late4 ,species8 #a4 ,van ,lindley ,cat4 #cg4 #ahii4 ,a productive black cherry of medium size ripening the middle of ,june4 ,twyford4 ,species8 #a4 ,agr4 ,gaz4 ,n4 ,s4 ,wales #ai3iig4 #aijh4 ,tree vigorous1 upright-spreading1 productive2 fruit borne singly and in pairs1 above medium in size1 roundish-cordate1 flattened2 stem slender1 long2 skin yellow1 mottled with bright1 light red2 flesh rather firm1 whitish1 tinged red near the skin1 with clear juice2 good2 ripens in ,new ,south ,wales in ,november4 ,uhlhorns ,trauerkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bh4 #ahgf4 ,thomas states that this is a weeping cherry from ,germany2 fruit large and very good4 ,ungarische ,weichsel4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fa4 #aheh4 ,schwarze ,ungarische ,kirsche4 #b4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhd4 #ahjb4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #ehh1 #ehi4 #ahai4 ,this cherry should not be confused with the ,grosse ,ungarische ,kirsche which is a ,heart while this is a ,morello4 ,fruit large1 round1 compressed2 suture indistinct2 stem slender1 long1 shallowly inserted2 color black2 flesh firm1 tender1 subacid1 with dark red juice2 pit small1 elongated-oval2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,urinall4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egb4 #afbi4 ,the ,urinall ,cherrie in a most fruitfull yeare is a small bearer1 having many yeares none1 and the best but a few2 yet doth blossome plentifully every yeare for the most part3 the cherrie is long and round1 like unto an ,urinall1 from whence it tooke his name2 reddish when it is full ripe1 and of an indifferent sweete rellish4 ,utha4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,minn4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #eg4 #ahid4 ,spoken of by ,joseph ,wood1 ,windom1 ,minnesota1 as a hardy but almost worthless fruit2 unproductive4 ,van ,gaasbeck4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #fg4 #ahge4 ,a seedling cherry of extrordinary keeping quality exhibited by ,w4 ,van ,gaasbeck1 ,hudson1 ,new ,york4 ,the fruit is of medium size with firm1 sweet flesh4 ,vanskike4 ,species8 #a4 ,trans4 ,cal4 ,agr4 ,soc4 #dgb4 #ahgc4 ,a flesh-colored cherry listed as being cultivated successfully in ,california4 ,vaughn4 ,species8 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm4 ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3fb4 #aijj4 ,listed as medium in growth2 fruit not described4 ,velser4 ,p4 avium ,x ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #ed1 #ee4 #agij4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cid-cih4 #ahai4 ,prague ,tardif 7,muscadt de74 #c4 ,knoop ,fructologie #b3cf1 #db4 #agga4 ,wanfrieder ,weichsel4 #d4 ,christ ,handb4 #fgb4 #agig4 ,douce de ,palatinat4 #e4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #bj3bgj4 #ahed4 ,pflzer ,sssweichsel4 #f4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3di4 #aheh4 ,cerise du ,palatinat4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3aec1 #aed1 fig4 #ge4 #ahff-gc4 ,tree of medium growth2 branches long1 straight2 fruit above medium in size1 obtuse-cordate1 distinguishing it from other dark ,dukes1 compressed2 suture distinct2 stem long2 color dark red2 flesh colored1 fibrous1 juicy1 sweet with a pleasing subacid flavor2 stone small1 broad1 cordate1 adhering to both stem and flesh4 ,very ,large ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 ,mentioned in this reference4 ,vesta4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 #bfb4 #ahib4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aej4 #ahie4 ,vesta is a seedling of ,napoleon which originated with ,c4 ,e4 ,hoskins1 ,newberg1 ,oregon2 fruit of medium size1 obtuse-cordate1 very dark2 flesh firm1 sweet2 quality good2 ripens the middle of ,june4 ,vilna ,sweet4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ccj4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3ca4 #aiaj4 ,vilna ,sweet was imported by ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd from ,vilna1 ,russia4 ,this variety shows much promise in the ,west as a local sort but is too tender to ship4 ,tree of medium size1 upright1 very hardy1 free from diseases2 fruit large1 roundish to oblong1 compressed2 stem long1 slender2 cavity rather deep1 narrow1 often lipped on the side showing a suture2 color red1 often entirely covering the yellow ground2 flesh whitish1 tinged with pink1 tender but meaty1 sprightly1 subacid becoming sweet2 pit free1 large1 ovate1 plump1 smooth2 ripens the middle of ,july hanging to the tree until the last of ,august4 ,violet4 ,p4 cerasus4 ,according to a letter from ,h4 ,back ,sons1 ,new ,trenton1 ,indiana1 ,violet resembles ,english ,morello but is more round and not as acid4 ,virginia ,may ,duke4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bbj4 #ahed4 #b4 ,hooper ,w4 ,fr4 ,book #bfi4 #aheg4 ,a small1 cordate1 bright red1 second rate ,mazzard cherry4 ,vistula4 ,species8 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #adi4 #ahif4 ,mentioned as planted and as having been killed by the winter4 ,voronezh ,no4 #bg4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #gf4 #ahij4 ,a promising1 vigorous variety imported under this number from ,voronezh1 ,russia2 ,fruit very large1 bright red1 round1 somewhat flattened2 flesh juicy1 subacid2 pit small4 season very late4 ,wabash4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #da4 #ahie4 ,wabash was introduced by ,samuel ,kinsey1 ,kinsey1 ,ohio1 the original tree having stood since #ahdh on the grounds of ,mrs4 ,ellen ,pawlings1 ,wabash1 ,indiana4 ,fruit borne singly1 of the ,morello type1 roundish-oblate1 above medium in size1 surface smooth2 cavity large1 wide1 deep1 flaring2 stem long1 slender1 curved2 suture a shallow line2 skin thin1 tough1 glossy1 bright crimson turning to dark red2 dots very small1 indented2 flesh yellowish1 veined1 translucent1 tender1 melting1 subacid1 rich2 quality very good2 season a week later than ,early ,richmond4 ,wachampa4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 triflora4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #acj3aha4 #aiaa4 ,wachampa is a cross between the ,sand ,cherry and the ,occident plum4 ,fruit an inch to an inch and one quarter in diameter2 skin bitter1 dark purple2 flesh and juice dark purple4 ,wagner4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3ca4 #aiaj4 ,tree upright1 round-topped1 with long branches2 fruit medium to large1 roundish-oblate2 stem short1 stout2 skin thin1 tender1 dark red2 flesh yellow1 meaty1 melting1 sweet1 with a slight acidity2 quality good2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,warner4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #aj3bdg4 #ahei4 ,warner is a supposed seedling of ,american ,amber grown by ,mathew ,g4 ,warner1 ,rochester1 ,new ,york2 fruit amber to very dark red where exposed2 stem long1 slender2 flesh firm1 juicy1 sweet2 ripens late in ,july4 ,warren ,transparent4 ,species8 #a4 ,cole ,am4 ,fr4 ,book #bcg4 #ahdi4 ,originated with a ,mr4 ,warren1 ,brighton1 ,massachusetts4 ,fruit roundish-cordate2 skin pale yellow and red2 flesh very tender1 transparent2 ripens early in ,july4 ,washington ,purple4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,listed without a description4 ,waterhouse4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,rpt4 #be4 #ahid4 ,this variety was originated by ,dr4 ,warren ,waterhouse1 #ahgc1 of ,monmouth1 ,oregon4 ,fruit of the ,bigarreau class1 large1 compressed1 heart-shaped2 cavity large1 round2 stem long1 slender2 suture a line2 skin firm1 smooth1 glistening1 yellowish-white with a bright red cheek1 often nearly solid red2 dots numerous1 very small2 flesh whitish1 tinged yellow1 firm1 juicy1 vinous1 sprightly2 quality very good4 ,weeping4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aec4 #ahcb4 ,weeping or ,pendulous ,morello4 #b4 ,fish ,hardy-,fr4 ,bk4 #b3ajf4 #ahhb4 ,under the name ,weeping are included many varieties with a drooping or pendulant habit and mostly of ornamental value only4 ,this variety1 listed by ,prince1 although much like ,toussaint1 has branches more pendant than those of other weeping cherries4 ,the ,weeping or ,pendulous ,morello of ,fish is included here4 ,the head in this variety seldom exceeds four or five feet in diameter1 and the slender branches droop on all sides until they trail on the ground2 the fruit is of medium size and when fully ripe is of a pleasant acid flavor4 ,weeping ,black ,bigarreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,flor4 ,pom4 #af4 #ahgi4 ,trauerknorpelkirsche4 #b4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3dj4 #aheh4 ,bigarreau pleureur4 #c4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bc4 #ahgf4 ,one of the earliest black ,bigarreaus4 ,it differs from other sorts of its class in the weeping habit of the tree2 very ornamental4 ,weeping ,napoleon4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #ec4 #ahga4 ,a seedling of ,napoleon introduced by a ,mr4 ,dougall1 ,windsor1 ,ontario4 ,if budded high the branches are pendulous1 which1 with the large1 dark fruit1 makes a handsome ornamental4 ,weis1 ,roth und ,rosenfarbig ,marmorirte ,kramelkirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3c1 ,tab4 #f fig4 #b4 #agib4 ,flesh white1 breaking1 firm1 with colorless juice1 pleasing2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,weisse ,rosenroth ,marmorirte ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhj4 #ahjb4 ,weiss und hellroth gefleckte grosse ,kramelkirsche4 #b4 ,kraft ,pom4 ,aust4 #a3c1 ,tab4 #f fig4 #a4 #agib4 ,flesh white1 less firm than others of this class2 juice colorless2 stone yellowish2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,weisse ,mandelkirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 #eh4 #aijg4 ,listed1 not described4 ,wellington4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ef4 #ahca4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bbj4 #ahed4 ,wellington's ,weichsel4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fj4 #aheh4 ,griotte de ,wellington4 #d4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3cjg4 #ahff4 ,mentioned by ,elliott in #ahed as unworthy of further culture4 ,bigarreau ,wellington1 often used as a synonym of ,napoleon1 should not be mistaken for this ,morello of supposedly ,english origin4 ,fruit of medium size1 cordate2 stem long2 skin thin1 glossy1 black2 flesh firm1 dark red1 moderately juicy1 pleasant subacid2 stone elongated1 cordate1 free2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,wendell ,mottled4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #ac3did fig4 #ahdg4 #b4 ,elliott ,fr4 ,book #bac4 #ahed4 #c4 ,hoffy ,n4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,pl4 #ahfj4 ,wendell ,mottled was raised from a seed of ,yellow ,spanish planted in #ahdj1 by ,dr4 ,herman ,wendell1 ,albany1 ,new ,york4 ,tree upright1 thrifty1 bears early and abundantly2 fruit large1 obtuse-cordate1 with a distinct suture2 stem long1 rather stout1 set in a moderately deep cavity2 skin dark purplish-red1 mottled and streaked1 nearly black2 flesh deep crimson1 firm1 crisp1 juicy2 stone small2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,wenzlecks ,bunte ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,werder ,early ,black4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #afi4 #ahde4 #b4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #ec fig41 #ed4 #ahfj4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #ic4 #ahff4 ,werdersche ,schwarze ,allerfrheste ,herzkirsche4 #d4 ,christ ,handb4 #fhc4 #agig4 #e4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #aji-aaa4 #ahai4 ,guigne ,htive de ,werder4 #f4 ,mortillet ,le ,cerisier #b3hb1 #cjj4 #ahff4 #g4 ,mas ,le ,verger #h3bg1 #bh1 fig4 #ab4 #ahff-gc4 ,bigarreau ,werder4 #h4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bea fig4 #ahgg4 ,this cherry was received by ,truchsess in #agid1 from ,christ2 of unknown origin4 ,tree strong and upright in growth1 very productive2 fruit valuable for its earliness1 rather large1 flattened-cordate1 with a deep suture on one side2 stem of medium length and thickness1 inserted in a rather small cavity2 skin thin1 rather deep purple changing to purplish-black2 flesh deep purple1 with abundant colored juice1 firm1 tender1 sweet1 yet moderately sprightly and aromatic2 quality good2 stone large1 ovate1 flattened at the base2 ripens from the last of ,may to the first of ,june4 ,werder'sche ,bunte ,herzkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #chb4 #ahhi4 ,listed without a description4 ,wheeler4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3hg4 #aijc4 ,a hardy seedling of ,english ,morello originating with ,h4 ,j4 ,wheeler1 ,carnforth1 ,iowa4 ,white ,bigarreau4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mich4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #bje3bh4 #aijc4 ,this variety was received by the ,michigan ,station from the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture in #ahie2 it is between the ,duke and the ,morello in type4 ,tree low1 slow in growth2 fruit large1 light red1 slightly darker on one side2 flesh tender1 juicy1 sprightly subacid4 ,white ,french4 ,species8 #a4 ,pa4 ,fr4 ,gr4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aa4 #ahha4 ,spoken of as doing well in ,pennsylvania4 ,white ,french ,guigne4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,barry ,fr4 ,garden #cbc4 #ahea4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #gd4 #ahfb4 #c4 ,garvin ,son ,cat4 #ah4 #ahib4 ,a distinct1 rather large cherry listed in the fruit catalog of the ,american ,pomological ,society for #ahfb4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit creamy-white2 flesh tender1 melting1 juicy1 sweet2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,white ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,listed1 not described4 ,white ,hungarian ,gean4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ej4 #ahca4 ,a tender-fleshed1 obtuse-cordate cherry1 amber in color1 ripening in ,july2 second quality4 ,white ,mazzard4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,manning ,book of ,fruits #aaa4 #ahch4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhe4 #ahdb4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #aga4 #ahde4 ,white ,mazzard originated with ,robert ,manning at ,salem1 ,massachusetts1 from a seed of ,white ,bigarreau4 ,downing considered it similar to ,black ,mazzard1 except in color4 ,tree handsome1 upright in growth1 productive2 fruit of medium size1 cordate1 of a cream color1 with a bright red cheek2 not of the finest flavor2 ripens late4 ,white ,spanish4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,parkinson ,par4 ,ter4 #egb4 #afbi4 #b4 ,krnitz ,enc4 #fa1 #fb1 #fc4 #agij4 #c4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #cag-cbj4 #ahai4 #d4 ,ill4 ,handb4 #abg fig41 #abh4 #ahfj4 ,this variety and ,yellow ,spanish are much alike in appearance yet the best ,european authorities consider them distinct4 ,tree healthy1 not large1 productive2 fruit large1 roundish-cordate1 somewhat compressed2 stem long2 cavity depressed on the ventral side2 color waxy yellow1 streaked and dotted with red2 flesh yellowish1 firm1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasant2 ripens late4 ,white ,tartarian4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3aad4 #ahcb4 #b4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #agh4 #ahde4 #c4 ,hogg ,fruit ,man4 #cae4 #ahhd4 ,fraser's ,white ,tartarian4 #d4 ,forsyth ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees #dc4 #ahjc4 ,a variety with this name was grown for many years in ,america which was finally proved by ,william ,prince to be a sub-variety of the ,white ,heart4 ,tree vigorous1 erect1 usually productive2 fruit rather small1 roundish1 inclined to obtuse-cordate2 stem long1 slender2 skin transparent1 pale yellow1 approaching amber on the exposed cheek2 flesh whitish-yellow1 nearly tender1 juicy1 pleasant1 brisk subacid becoming sweet2 very good in quality2 stone large1 oval2 season early4 ,white ,transparent4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ef4 #ahca4 ,mentioned in the reference given4 ,wier's ,seedlings4 ,d4 ,b4 ,wier1 ,lacon1 ,illinois1 disseminated several seedlings which he selected from a large number originated by him4 ,wier ,no4 #b4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #di3dec4 #ahij4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #cg4 #aijd-je4 ,this cherry is said to be a seedling of ,early ,richmond but of the ,morello type4 ,tree medium to large1 upright-spreading1 fruiting regularly2 fruit of medium size1 oblate-conic2 cavity shallow1 broad2 stem short2 suture slight2 color dark red2 flesh firm1 meaty1 dark red1 mildly subacid2 quality fair2 stone oval2 precedes ,early ,richmond4 ,wier ,no4 #aa4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #cg4 #aijd-je4 ,tree upright1 productive1 hardy2 fruit cordate1 black2 juice dark1 sweeter than many of the sour sorts2 ripens earlier than ,northwest and ,early ,richmond4 ,wier ,no4 #ab4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3hh4 #aijc4 ,sometimes listed as ,wier1 being one of the best of ,mr4 ,wier's seedlings but only moderately productive4 ,tree of medium size1 slightly spreading2 fruit of medium size1 elongated-cordate2 cavity rather deep and broad2 stem stout1 rather long2 suture obscure2 skin thick1 tender1 dark red2 flesh firm1 crisp1 with slightly colored juice1 sprightly subacid2 quality fair2 stone large1 oval2 season from ,july #abth to #bjth2 the latest of the ,wier seedlings4 ,wier ,no4 #ac4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,kan4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3aij4 #ahig4 ,tree upright1 with scant foliage2 fruit of medium size2 skin dark red1 tough2 flesh slightly colored1 mild2 precedes ,early ,richmond2 of no value4 ,wier ,no4 #ai4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,kan4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3aij4 #ahig4 ,fruit of medium size1 oval1 dark red2 worthless4 ,wier ,no4 #bd4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3hh4 #aijc4 ,tree medium in growth1 upright-spreading2 fruit conical1 cordate1 of medium size2 cavity shallow2 stem of medium length2 suture indistinct2 skin smooth1 dark red2 flesh firm1 light yellow1 juicy1 sprightly subacid2 quality fair2 stone almost spherical1 smooth2 ripens the middle of ,june2 not worthy of further trial4 ,wier ,no4 #dd4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #gc3hh4 #aijc4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,sp4 ,rpt4 #ch4 #aijd-je4 ,tree medium in growth1 upright-spreading2 fruit small to medium1 oblate2 cavity shallow2 stem short2 skin thin1 tender1 light red2 flesh tender1 juicy1 acid2 good2 season late ,june2 less productive than ,no4 #b4 ,wild ,ross-shire4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eg4 #ahca4 ,a small1 wild1 round1 red fruit with juicy flesh1 ripening in ,july2 allied to the ,kentish4 ,wilde ,bunte ,marmorkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ch4 #aheh4 ,distinguished from the ,wild ,red ,bird cherry by its firmer flesh and later ripening4 ,it grows wild and is sometimes cultivated along the highways2 ripens the middle of ,august4 ,wilhelmine ,kleindienst4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,thomas ,guide ,prat4 #bj4 #ahgf4 ,of ,german origin2 vigorous and productive2 fruit large1 brilliant reddish-brown2 flesh firm1 agreeably sweet2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,wilkinson4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort4 #h3bhd4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,barry ,fr4 ,garden #cbc4 #ahea4 #c4 ,downing ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 #dgf4 #ahfi4 ,wilkinson is thought by ,hovey to be a native of ,rhode ,island4 ,tree vigorous1 productive2 fruit of medium size1 resembling ,black ,heart but is more sprightly2 ripens the middle of ,july4 ,willamette4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #abg4 #ahge4 #b4 ,wickson ,cal4 ,fruits #bij4 #ahhi4 #c4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3fb4 #aijj4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 #aib4 #aijg4 ,willamette originated with ,seth ,lewelling1 ,milwaukee1 ,oregon1 from a seed of ,napoleon4 ,tree strong in growth2 fruit large1 light red2 flesh whitish1 firm1 juicy1 sweet1 with a pleasant flavor2 ripens in the ,northwest in late ,june4 ,willis ,early4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farms ,rpt4 #dfe4 #aijj4 #b4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3fb4 #aijj4 ,tree vigorous in growth2 fruit of medium size1 obtuse-cordate2 skin yellow1 mottled with red2 flesh yellowish-white1 juicy1 tender1 sweet2 ripens early in ,may4 ,willow-,leaved4 ,p4 avium ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,prince ,pom4 ,man4 #b3ada4 #ahcb4 ,may ,duke1 ,willow-leaved4 #b4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #ec4 #ahca4 ,griottier feuilles de ,pcher4 #c4 ,kenrick ,am4 ,orch4 #bhj4 #ahcb4 ,weidenblttrige ,sssweichsel4 #d4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3dg4 #aheh4 ,cerisier de ,hollande feuilles de saule ou de balsamine4 #e4 ,noisette ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 #b3eje4 #ahfj4 ,griottier feuilles de ,saule4 #f4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bhg fig41 #bhh4 #ahgg4 ,cerisier ,feuilles de ,saule4 #g4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afj4 #ahhb4 ,the ,willow-,leaved cherry seems to have originated in ,holland and has been known since the middle of the ,eighteenth ,century4 ,it differs from ,may ,duke in the size and the shape of the foliage4 ,it is not only cultivated for its singular foliage but also for its fine fruit4 ,if the tree grows rapidly the leaves are said to assume normal shape4 ,winkler ,black4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,can4 ,exp4 ,farm ,bul4 #bnd ,ser4 #c3fb4 #aijj4 ,wincklers schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 #b4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #bjf1 #fgf4 #ahai4 ,winkler's schwarze ,herzkirsche4 #c4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ce4 #aheh4 ,bigarreau noir ,winkler4 #d4 ,leroy ,dict4 ,pom4 #e3bca fig4 #ahgg4 ,this is a seedling from ,guben1 ,prussia1 ,germany4 ,fruit borne in pairs of medium size1 broad1 obtuse-cordate1 compressed2 suture indistinct2 skin dark red2 flesh pale red1 firm1 aromatic1 subacid1 pleasing2 pit rather large1 oval2 ripens early in ,july2 not very productive4 ,winter ,schwarze4 ,species8 #a4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 #eg4 #ahca4 ,listed without a description4 ,wohltragende ,hollndische ,kirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,truchsess-,heim ,kirschensort4 #eia-eic4 #ahai4 #b4 ,mathieu ,nom4 ,pom4 #chb4 #ahhi4 ,grosse wohltragende hollndische ,morell4 #c4 ,christ ,wrterb4 #bhh4 #ahjb4 ,fruit large1 sides unequally compressed2 suture indistinct2 stem medium in length1 set in a large cavity2 skin tough1 dark brown when ripe2 flesh fibrous1 clear red1 darker near the stone1 with colored juice1 pleasingly sour2 stone long1 colored2 ripens late in ,july4 ,yan4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 #fa3egg fig4 #bce4 #aijb4 #b4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3cb4 #aiaj4 ,yan is a seedling grown by ,seth ,lewelling of ,milwaukee1 ,oregon2 named for a faithful ,chinese workman4 ,fruit large1 roundish-cordate1 with a distinct suture on one side2 stem long1 stout2 skin tough1 dark purplish-red2 flesh streaked and flecked with light red1 firm1 juicy1 mild subacid2 very late2 productive4 ,yellow ,glass4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,ia4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ai3eea4 #ahib4 #b4 ,ibid4 #gc3hi4 #aijc4 #c4 ,wash4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ib3cb4 #aiaj4 ,yellow ,glass was introduced from ,north ,silesia by ,professor ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 ,ames1 ,iowa4 ,tree large1 upright1 with abundant foliage2 fruit medium to above in size1 roundish-cordate2 cavity deep2 stem long2 suture a line2 skin thin1 tough1 light lemon in color2 flesh firm1 yellow1 meaty1 sweet1 with colorless juice2 quality good2 stone large1 round1 clinging4 ,young ,large ,black ,heart4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,pioneer ,nur4 ,cat4 #af4 #aije-jf4 ,merely listed in the reference given4 ,yuksa4 ,p4 pumila ,p4 armeniaca4 #a4 ,s4 ,dak4 ,sta4 ,bul4 #ajh3aijh4 ,yuksa is noted in the reference as a cross between the ,sand ,cherry and the ,new ,large ,apricot4 ,zimmtkirsche4 ,p4 cerasus4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3fd4 #aheh4 ,fruit medium in size1 round1 flattened at the stem1 without a suture2 cavity deep2 stem long2 skin thin1 dark red almost black2 flesh aromatic1 subacid2 stone oval-pointed4 ,zweifarbige ,kirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,mathieu ,nom ,pom4 #chb4 #ahhi4 ,bicolor4 #b4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3aei4 #ahhb4 ,listed without a description4 ,zwitterkirsche4 ,species8 #a4 ,mas ,pom4 ,gen4 #aa3afb4 #ahhb4 ,mentioned in this reference4 ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche4 ,p4 avium4 #a4 ,dochnahl ,fhr4 ,obstkunde #c3ce4 #aheh4 ,fruit large1 elongated1 sides strongly compressed2 suture shallow2 apex depressed2 skin reddish-black2 flesh very dark red1 pleasing1 slightly sweet2 ripens in late ,july4 #hd ,charles ,downing1 whose likeness we show in the frontispiece1 was born at ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 ,july #i1 #ahjb4 ,he spent his life in the place of his birth1 dying ,january #ah1 #ahhe4 ,his parents were natives of ,lexington1 ,massachusetts1 who shortly before the birth of ,charles ,downing1 the eldest son1 came to ,newburgh1 the father establishing a shop for the manufacture of wagons1 a business which he soon abandoned to become a nurseryman4 ,here1 in the first successful nursery established in the region1 were trained ,charles and ,andrew ,downing1 receiving under the careful guidance of the father a knowledge of the business and of fruits which with later self instruction made them the most distinguished pomologists of their day4 ,with the death of the father in #ahbb1 before ,charles had obtained his majority1 the responsibility of conducting the business and the support of the family devolved upon him4 ,andrew ,j41 the younger brother1 in #ahcd1 at the age of #ai1 united with ,charles in the management of the nursery business under the firm name of ,c4 ,a4 ,j4 ,downing1 a partnership which lasted only until #ahci4 ,charles continued in the nursery business for many years during which time he became the foremost pomologist in the ,united ,states and eventually1 about #ahej1 sold his holdings to devote himself to the study of varieties of fruits and the revision of the ,fruits and ,fruit ,trees of ,america4 ,this great pomological book was projected and published by ,andrew but most of the work of the book as it is now known was done by ,charles in revising the original and adding to its many editions4 ,it is and has long been1 as all know1 the highest authority on ,american fruits4 ,naturally of an inquiring turn of mind ,charles ,downing studied closely the qualities of the varieties that came under his observation and seldom described without the fruit in hand4 ,his variety orchard is said to have contained at one time #a1hjj varieties of apples and #a1jjj pears with lesser numbers of the other fruits4 ,a few trees of this wonderful collection still stand4 ,charles ,downing was one of the most modest and retiring of men1 in his younger days delighting in the things of which his brother wrote and seldom putting pen to paper until after his brother's death when he became a regular contributor to horticultural publications over the signature ,c4 ,d4 ,he was never known to make a public speech4 ,he earned his high distinction in ,american pomology by his accurate and conscientious descriptions and discussions of varieties of fruits4 #he ,andrew ,jackson ,downing was born in ,newburgh on the ,hudson1 the town in which he always lived and which he loved1 ,october #cj1 #ahae4 ,he perished while trying to save other passengers in the burning of the steamer ,henry ,clay on the ,hudson ,river1 ,july #bh1 #aheb1 at the age of #cg4 ,andrew ,downing's education was largely acquired from self instruction although he attended the schools of his native town and the academy in the adjoining village of ,montgomery4 ,his father1 a nurseryman1 whose work was mentioned in the sketch of ,charles ,downing1 elder brother of ,andrew1 gave the younger son every opportunity to cultivate an early developed taste for horticulture1 botany and the natural sciences4 ,when but a youth he joined his brother ,charles as partner in a nursery firm1 a relationship maintained for but a few years and which he severed to begin a career as a writer on landscape gardening and pomological subjects4 ,his first publication was a ,treatise on the ,theory and ,practice of ,landscape ,gardening adapted to ,north ,america1 with a view to the ,improvement of ,country ,residences1 with ,remarks on ,rural ,architecture1 a book published in #ahda1 the author being but #bf years of age4 ,the work passed into instant popularity and is the word of authority which has told thousands of ,americans what to do to make their grounds beautiful4 ,within a few months so great was the success of the first venture that in response to the demand he published his ,cottage ,residences1 a companion book which was received with equal favor1 thus giving ,andrew ,downing first rank as an authority on rural art4 ,in #ahde the ,fruits and ,fruit ,trees of ,america1 then and now the chief pomological authority of this continent1 was printed simultaneously in ,london and ,new ,york1 a second edition coming out in #ahej4 ,in #ahdf ,andrew ,downing became the founder and editor of the ,horticulturist1 which he continued to publish until his death4 ,in #ahdi he wrote ,additional ,notes and ,hints about ,building in the ,country1 published in ,wightwick's ,hints to ,young ,architects4 ,the summer of #ahej was spent in ,england in the study of landscape gardening and rural architecture from the result of which came his ,architecture of ,country ,houses4 ,his last work was the editing of ,mrs4 ,loudon's ,landscape ,gardening for ,ladies though ,rural ,essays appeared after his death as a collection of his writings with a memoir by ,george ,william ,curtis and a ,letter to his ,friends by ,frederika ,bremer4 ,he was employed in planting the public grounds of the ,capitol1 the ,white ,house and the ,smithsonian ,institution at ,washington when he met his untimely death4 ,downing is the creator of ,american landscape gardening and shares with his brother ,charles the honor of being the most distinguished pomologist of the country4 ,in the epoch-making ,fruits and ,fruit ,trees of ,america ,andrew ,downing was the real genius1 ,charles ,downing the conscientious and painstaking student who worked out the details4 ,,bibliography ,,and ,,references1 ,,with ,,abbreviations ,,used ,the list of books which follows contains all ,american pomological works in which the cherry is discussed at any length4 ,only such ,european books are listed1 however1 as were found useful in writing ,the ,cherries of ,new ,york4 ,only periodicals are listed to which references are made in the text of the book4 ,the reports and bulletins of experiment stations and horticultural societies are not included since the abbreviations used for such publications will be recognized by all4 ,am4 ,gard4 ,american ,gardening4 ,an ,illustrated ,journal of ,horticulture and ,gardener's ,chronicle4 ,new ,york3 #ahib-aijd4 ,copyright1 #aijc4 7,before its union with ,popular ,gardening in #ahib1 the publication was known as ,the ,american ,garden4 ,both ,popular ,gardening and ,the ,american ,garden resulted from the union or absorption of several other horticultural periodicals47 ,am4 ,gard4 ,mag4 ,the ,american ,gardener's ,magazine1 and ,register of ,useful ,discoveries and ,improvements in ,horticulture and ,rural ,affairs4 ,see ,mag4 ,hort4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an4 ,american ,horticultural ,annual4 ,a ,yearbook of ,horticultural ,progress for the ,professional and ,amateur ,gardener1 ,fruit-grower1 and ,florist4 7,illustrated47 ,new ,york3 #ahfg4 ,copyright1 #ahfg4 ,new edition4 ,new ,york3 #ahgj4 ,copyright1 #ahfi4 ,am4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,the ,american ,journal of ,horticulture and ,florist's ,companion4 7,illustrated47 ,volumes #a-e4 ,boston3 #ahfg-ahif4 ,copyrights1 #ahfg-ahfi4 ,continued as ,tilton's ,journal of ,horticulture and ,floral ,magazine4 7,illustrated47 ,volumes #f-i4 ,boston3 #ahfi-ga4 ,copyrights1 #ahfi-ahga4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 ,proceedings of the ,american ,pomological ,society4 ,issued usually biennially from #ahej to date4 ,first published as the ,proceedings of the ,national ,convention of ,fruit ,growers in #ahdh4 ,ann4 ,hort4 ,annals of ,horticulture and yearbook of information on practical gardening4 #e ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahdf-ahej4 ,ann4 ,pom4 ,belge ,annales de ,pomologie ,belge et trangre2 publies par la ,commission royale de ,pomologie ,institue par ,s4 ,m4 le ,roi des ,belges4 7,illustr47 #h ,tomes4 ,bruxelles3 #ahec-ahfj4 ,bailey1 ,ann4 ,hort4 ,annals of ,horticulture in ,north ,america for the ,years #ahhi-ahic4 ,a ,witness of ,passing ,events and a ,record of ,progress4 ,by ,l4 ,h4 ,bailey4 ,new ,york3 #ahij-ahid4 ,copyrights1 #ahhi1 #ahia-ahid4 ,bailey1 ,cyc4 ,hort4 ,cyclopedia of ,american ,horticulture ,comprising ,suggestions for ,cultivation of ,horticultural ,plants1 ,descriptions of the ,species of ,fruits1 ,vegetables1 ,flowers and ,ornamental ,plants ,sold in the ,united ,states and ,canada1 ,together with ,geographical and ,biographical ,sketches4 ,by ,l4 ,h4 ,bailey1 assisted by ,wilhelm ,miller4 7,illustrated47 ,in ,four ,volumes4 ,new ,york3 #aijj-aijb4 ,copyrights1 #aijj-aijb4 ,bailey1 ,ev4 ,nat4 ,fruits ,sketch of the ,evolution of our ,native ,fruits4 ,by ,l4 ,h4 ,bailey4 7,illustrated47 ,new ,york3 #ahih4 ,copyright1 #ahih4 ,bailey1 ,sur4 ,unlike ,the ,survival of the ,unlike4 ,a ,collection of ,evolution ,essays ,suggested by the ,study of ,domestic ,plants4 ,by ,l4 ,h4 ,bailey4 7,illustrated47 ,fifth ,edition4 ,new ,york3 #aijf4 ,copyright1 #ahif4 ,baltet1 ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trait de la ,culture ,fruitire ,commerciale et ,bourgeoise4 ,par ,charles ,baltet4 7,illustr47 ,quatrime dition4 ,paris3 #aijh4 ,barry1 ,fr4 ,garden ,the ,fruit ,garden4 ,by ,p4 ,barry4 7,illustrated47 ,new ,york3 #aheb4 ,copyright1 #ahea4 ,revised ,edition1 #ahif4 ,copyright1 #ahhc4 ,bradley1 ,gard4 ,new ,improvements of ,planting and ,gardening1 both ,philosophical and ,practical4 ,in three parts4 ,by ,richard ,bradley4 7,illustrated47 ,seventh ,edition with ,appendix4 ,london3 #agci4 ,bridgeman1 ,gard4 ,ass't ,the ,young ,gardener's ,assistant1 in three parts4 ,by ,thomas ,bridgeman4 ,new ,edition1 with an ,appendix4 ,new ,york3 #aheg4 ,copyright1 #ahdg4 ,brookshaw1 ,hort4 ,reposit4 ,the ,horticultural ,repository1 containing ,delineations of the best ,varieties of the ,different ,species of ,english ,fruits4 ,by ,george ,brookshaw4 7,illustrated47 ,in ,two ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahbc4 ,budd-,hansen1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,man4 ,american ,horticultural ,manual4 ,by ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 assisted by ,n4 ,e4 ,hansen4 7,illustrated47 ,in ,two ,volumes4 ,volume #b1 ,new ,york and ,london3 #aijc4 ,copyright1 #aijc4 ,bunyard-,thomas1 ,fr4 ,gard4 ,the ,fruit ,garden4 ,by ,george ,bunyard and ,owen ,thomas4 7,illustrated47 ,london and ,new ,york3 #aijd4 ,can4 ,hort4 ,the ,canadian ,horticulturist4 7,illustrated47 ,toronto and ,peterboro3 #ahgh to date4 ,cat4 ,cong4 ,pom4 ,france ,socit ,pomologique de ,france ,catalogue ,descriptif des ,fruits ,adopts par le ,congrs ,pomologique4 ,lyon3 #ahhg4 ,ibid43 #aijf4 ,christ1 ,handb4 ,handbuch ber die ,obstbaumzucht und ,obstlehre4 ,von ,j4 ,l4 ,christ4 ,zweite vermehrte4 ,frankfurt3 #agig4 ,christ1 ,obstbume ,von ,pflanzung und ,wartung der nzlichsten ,obstbume4 ,von ,j4 ,l4 ,christ4 ,zweiter ,theil4 ,frankfurt3 #agia4 ,christ1 ,wrterb4 ,pomologisches theoretisch-praktisches ,handwrterbuch1 oder ,alphabetisches ,verzeichniss4 ,von ,j4 ,l4 ,christ4 ,leipzig3 #ahjb4 ,cole1 ,am4 ,fr4 ,book ,the ,american ,fruit ,book2 containing directions for ,raising1 ,propagating1 and ,managing ,fruit ,trees1 ,shrubs1 and ,plants2 with a description of the ,best ,varieties of ,fruit1 including ,new and ,valuable ,kinds4 ,by ,s4 ,w4 ,cole4 7,illustrated47 ,boston3 #ahdi4 ,copyright1 #ahdi4 ,country ,gent4 ,the ,country ,gentleman4 ,albany3 #ahec-ahfe4 ,the ,cultivator ,country ,gentleman4 ,albany3 #ahff-ahig4 ,the ,country ,gentleman4 ,albany and ,philadelphia3 #ahih to date4 ,coxe1 ,cult4 ,fr4 ,trees ,a ,view of the ,cultivation of ,fruit ,trees1 and the ,management of ,orchards and ,cider2 with accurate descriptions of the most estimable varieties of ,native and ,foreign ,apples1 ,pears1 ,peaches1 ,plums1 and ,cherries1 cultivated in the middle states of ,america4 ,by ,william ,coxe4 7,illustrated47 ,philadelphia3 #ahag4 ,copyright1 #ahag4 ,cultivator ,the ,cultivator4 ,albany3 #ahcd-ahfe4 ,in #ahff united with ,the ,country ,gentleman4 ,cult4 ,count4 ,gent4 ,the ,cultivator ,country ,gentleman4 ,see ,country ,gent4 ,decaisne ,naudin1 ,man4 ,amat4 ,jard4 ,manuel de ,l',amateur ,des ,jardins ,trait ,gnral ,d',horticulture4 ,par ,jh4 ,decaisne et ,,ch4 ,naudin4 7,illustr47 ,tome ,quatrime4 ,paris4 ,de ,candolle1 ,or4 ,cult4 ,plants ,origin of ,cultivated ,plants4 ,by ,alphonse de ,candolle4 ,geneva ,switzerland3 #ahhb4 ,new ,york3 #ahhe4 ,dochnahl1 ,fhr4 ,obstkunde ,der sichere ,fhrer in der ,obstkunde auf botanisch-pomologischen ,wege oder ,systematische ,breschreibung aller ,obstsorten4 ,von ,f4 ,j4 ,dochnahl4 ,vier ,bnde4 ,nrnberg3 #ahee-fj4 ,volume #c1 #aheh4 ,cherries4 ,downing1 ,fr4 ,trees ,am4 ,the ,fruits and ,fruit ,trees of ,america3 or the culture1 propagation1 and management1 in the garden and orchard1 of fruit trees generally2 with ,descriptions ,of ,all ,the ,finest ,varieties ,of ,fruit1 ,native and ,foreign1 ,cultivated ,in ,this ,country4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,downing4 7,illustrated47 ,new ,york ,london3 #ahde4 ,copyright1 #ahde4 ,second edition1 same text1 with colored plates1 #ahdg4 ,first revision1 by ,charles ,downing4 ,new ,york3 #aheg4 ,copyright1 #aheg4 ,second revision1 by ,charles ,downing4 ,new ,york3 #ahfi4 ,first appendix1 #ahgb4 ,second appendix1 #ahgf4 ,third appendix1 #ahha4 ,duhamel1 ,trait4 ,arb4 ,fr4 ,trait ,des ,arbres ,fruitiers2 ,contenant ,leur ,figure1 ,leur ,description1 ,leur ,culture1 c4 ,par ,m4 ,duhamel ,du ,monceau4 7,illustr47 ,tomes #a et #b4 ,paris3 #agfh4 dition publi en #ahgb1 en trois tomes4 ,nouvelle dition en six tomes1 #ahjg-ahce4 ,elliott1 ,fr4 ,book ,elliott's ,fruit ,book2 or1 the ,american ,fruit-,grower's ,guide in ,orchard and ,garden4 ,by ,f4 ,r4 ,elliott4 7,illustrated47 ,new ,york3 #aheh4 ,copyright1 #ahed4 ,revised edition4 #ahei4 ,fish1 ,hardy-,fr4 ,bk4 ,the ,hardy-,fruit ,book4 ,by ,d4 ,t4 ,fish4 7,illustrated47 ,two ,volumes4 ,london3 probably #ahhb4 ,flor4 ,pom4 ,the ,florist ,and ,pomologist3 ,a ,pictorial ,monthly ,magazine of ,flowers1 ,fruits1 and ,general ,horticulture4 ,conducted at first by ,robert ,hogg and ,john ,spencer1 later by ,thomas ,moore and ,william ,paul4 7,illustrated47 ,london3 #ahfb-ahhd4 ,floy-,lindley1 ,guide ,orch4 ,gard4 ,a ,guide to the ,orchard ,and ,fruit ,garden or an account of the ,most ,valuable ,fruits cultivated in ,great ,britain4 ,by ,george ,lindley2 edited by ,john ,lindley4 ,american edition by ,michael ,floy4 ,new ,york3 #ahcc4 ,new edition2 with an ,appendix4 ,new ,york3 #ahdf4 ,copyright1 #ahdf4 ,forsyth1 ,treat4 ,fr4 ,trees ,a ,treatise on the ,culture and ,management of ,fruit ,trees4 ,by ,william ,forsyth4 ,london3 #ahjb4 ,same with an ,introduction and ,notes1 by ,william ,corbett4 ,albany3 #ahjc4 ,seventh edition ,english ,london3 #ahbd4 ,gard4 ,chron4 ,the ,gardener's ,chronicle4 7,illustrated47 ,london3 #ahda to date4 ,garden ,the ,garden4 7,illustrated47 ,london3 #ahgb to date4 ,gard4 ,mon4 ,the ,gardener's ,monthly and ,horticultural ,advertiser4 ,edited by ,thomas ,meehan4 7,illustrated47 ,philadelphia3 #ahei-ahhg4 ,gaucher1 ,pom4 ,prak4 ,obst4 ,pomologie des ,praktischen ,obstbaumzchters4 ,von ,n4 ,gaucher4 7,illustrirt47 ,stuttgart3 #ahid4 ,gen4 ,farmer ,the ,genesee ,farmer4 ,edited by ,luther ,tucker1 ,rochester3 #ahca-ahci4 ,then consolidated with the ,cultivator4 ,another periodical of the same name was published in ,rochester from #ahde to #ahfe4 ,also ,new ,genesee ,farmer and ,monthly ,genesee ,farmer4 ,gerarde1 ,herball ,the ,herball or ,generall ,historie of ,plantes4 ,by ,john ,gerarde4 ,enlarged and amended by ,thomas ,johnson4 ,london3 #afcf4 ,guide ,prat4 ,guide ,pratique de ,l',amateur ,de ,fruits4 ,description ,et ,culture des ,varitis ,de ,fruits ,classs ,par ,sries ,de ,mrite composant les collections pomologiques ,de ,l'tablissement ,horticole ,simon-,louis ,frres4 ,a ,plantires-,les-,metz 7,lorraine ,annexe7 ,suivi ,d',une ,table ,gnrale ,alphabtique de tous les ,synonymes connus1 ,francais et trangers appartenent chaque varit4 ,deuxime dition4 ,paris et ,nancy3 #ahie4 ,hoffy1 ,n4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,hoffy's ,north ,american ,pomologist1 containing numerous ,finely ,colored ,drawings1 accompanied by letter press descriptions1 c41 of ,fruits of ,american ,origin4 ,edited by ,william ,d4 ,brinckl4 ,book ,no4 #a4 ,philadelphia3 #ahfj4 ,copyright1 #ahfj4 ,hoffy1 ,orch4 ,com4 ,the ,orchardist's ,companion4 ,alfred ,hoffy1 ,editor and ,publisher4 ,a quarterly journal4 ,vol4 ,i1 #ahda-b2 ,vol4 ,,ii1 #ahdb-c4 ,philadelphia4 ,hogg1 ,fruit ,man4 ,the ,fruit ,manual3 ,a ,guide to the ,fruits and ,fruit ,trees of ,great ,britain4 ,by ,robert ,hogg4 ,first edition1 ,london3 #ahfj4 ,second edition1 #ahfa4 ,third edition1 #ahff4 ,fourth edition1 #ahgc4 ,fifth edition1 #ahhd4 ,hooper1 ,w4 ,fr4 ,book ,hooper's ,western ,fruit ,book3 a compendious ,collection of ,facts from the ,notes and ,experience of ,successful ,fruit ,culturists1 arranged for practical use in ,the ,orchard and ,garden4 ,by ,e4 ,j4 ,hooper4 ,cincinnati3 #aheg4 ,copyright1 #aheg4 ,hort4 ,reg4 7,am47 ,horticultural ,register and ,gardener's ,magazine4 ,edited by ,t4 ,g4 ,fessenden and ,j4 ,e4 ,teschemacher4 ,volume ,i4 ,boston3 #ahce4 ,hort4 ,reg4 7,eng47 ,the ,horticultural ,register and ,general ,magazine4 ,by ,joseph ,paxton and ,joseph ,harrison4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,london3 #ahcc4 ,horticulturist ,the ,horticulturist and ,journal of ,rural ,art and ,rural ,taste4 ,founded and first edited by ,a4 ,j4 ,downing4 7,illustrated47 ,volumes #a to #cj4 ,albany1 ,philadelphia and ,new ,york3 #ahdf-ahge4 ,hovey1 ,fr4 ,am4 ,the ,fruits of ,america1 containing ,richly ,colored ,figures1 and full ,descriptions of all the choicest ,varieties cultivated in the ,united ,states4 ,by ,c4 ,m4 ,hovey4 ,volume ,i4 ,boston and ,new ,york3 #aheb4 ,volume ,,ii4 ,boston3 #ahef4 ,copyright1 #ahea4 ,ill4 ,handb4 ,illustrirtes ,handbuch der ,obstkunde1 unter ,mitwirkung mehrerer herausgegeben von 444 ,f4 ,jahn 444 ,ed4 ,lucas und 444 ,j4 ,g4 ,c4 ,oberdieck4 ,siebente ,leiferung4 ,dritten ,bandes4 ,stuttgart3 #ahfj2 ,neunte ,lieferung4 ,dritten ,bandes4 ,stuttgart3 #ahfa2 ,sechszehnte ,lieferung4 ,sechsten ,bandes4 ,ravensburg3 #ahfg4 ,jour4 ,hort4 ,the ,journal of ,horticulture began as3 ,the ,cottage ,gardener2 or ,amateur's and ,cottager's ,guide to out-door gardening and spade cultivation4 #be ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahdi-ahfa4 ,continued as ,the ,journal of ,horticulture1 ,cottage ,gardener1 and ,country ,gentleman4 ,a ,journal of ,horticulture1 ,rural and ,domestic ,economy1 ,botany and ,natural ,history4 ,new ,series4 #ch ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahfa-ahhj4 ,continued as ,the ,journal of ,horticulture1 ,cottage ,gardener1 and ,home ,farmer4 ,a ,chronicle of ,country ,pursuits and ,country ,life1 including ,poultry1 ,pigeon1 and ,bee-keeping4 ,third ,series4 #ei ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahhj-aiji4 ,jour4 ,roy4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,the ,journal of the ,royal ,horticultural ,society4 ,london3 #ahdf to date4 ,vols4 #a-i1 #ahdf-ee1 bear the title of ,the ,journal of the ,horticultural ,society of ,london4 ,kenrick1 ,am4 ,orch4 ,the ,new ,american ,orchardist4 ,by ,william ,kenrick4 ,boston3 #ahcc4 ,copyright1 #ahcb4 ,second edition4 ,boston3 #ahce4 ,copyright1 #ahce4 ,seventh edition1 enlarged and improved1 with a supplement4 ,boston3 #ahde4 ,copyright1 #ahda4 ,knoop1 ,fructologie ,part ,i4 ,pomologie1 ou ,description des meilleures sortes de ,pommes et de ,poires4 ,part ,,ii4 ,fructologie1 ou ,description des ,arbres ,fruitiers4 ,par ,jean ,herman ,knoop4 7,illustr47 ,amsterdam3 #agga4 ,koch1 ,deut4 ,obst4 ,die ,deutschen ,obstgehlze4 ,vorlesungen gehalten zu ,berlin im ,winterhalbjahr #ahge-gf4 ,von ,karl ,koch4 ,stuttgart3 #ahgf4 ,kraft1 ,pom4 ,aust4 ,pomona austriaca1 ,abhandlung von den ,obstbumen4 ,von ,johann ,kraft4 #b ,theile4 ,vienna3 #agib4 ,krnitz1 ,enc4 ,ausschnitt aus ,krnitz' ,encyklopdie4 #agij4 ,cherries4 ,lange1 ,allgem4 ,garten4 ,allgemeines ,gartenbuch4 ,von ,theodore ,lange4 #b ,bnde4 ,zweite vermehrte4 ,leipsic3 #ahig4 ,langley1 ,pomona ,pomona1 or the ,fruit ,garden ,illustrated4 ,by ,batty ,langley4 ,london3 #agbi4 ,lauche1 ,deut4 ,pom4 ,deutsche ,pomologie4 ,von ,w4 ,lauche4 7,illustrirt47 ,berlin3 #ahhb4 ,lauche1 ,ergnzungsband ,erster ,ergnzungsband zu ,lucas' und ,oberdieck's ,illustrirtes ,handbuch der ,obstkunde4 ,von ,w4 ,lauche4 ,berlin3 #ahhc4 ,le ,bon ,jard4 ,le ,bon ,jardinier4 #abf;e dition ,almanach ,horticole1 #ahhb et #abi;e dition1 #ahhd4 ,paris4 ,leroy1 ,diet4 ,pom4 ,dictionnaire de ,pomologie4 ,par ,andr ,leroy4 7,illustr47 #f ,tomes4 ,paris3 #ahfg-ahgi4 ,tome #e1 #ahgg4 ,cherries4 ,liegel1 ,syst4 ,anleit4 ,systematische ,anleitung zur ,kenntniss der vorzglichsten ,sorten des ,kern-1 ,stein-1 ,schalen- und ,beerenobster4 ,von ,georg ,liegel4 ,passau3 #ahbe4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 ,a ,catalogue of the ,fruits ,cultivated in the ,garden of the ,horticultural ,society of ,london4 ,london3 #ahbf4 ,second edition1 #ahca4 ,third edition1 #ahdb4 ,a supplement was published in #ahec4 ,loudon1 ,arb4 ,frut4 ,brit4 ,arboretum1 et ,fruticetum ,britannicum4 ,par ,j4 ,c4 ,loudon4 ,deuxime dition4 ,tome #b4 ,london3 #ahdd4 ,loudon's1 ,enc4 ,gard4 ,an ,encyclopedia ,of ,gardening4 ,by ,j4 ,c4 ,loudon4 7,illustrated47 ,new edition4 ,london3 #ahcd4 ,lucas1 ,handb4 ,obst4 ,vollstndiges ,handbuch der ,obstkultur4 ,von ,ed4 ,lucas4 7,illustrirt47 ,stuttgart3 ,first edition1 #ahhj2 second edition1 #ahhf2 third edition1 #ahic4 ,third edition edited by ,fr4 ,lucas1 #ahid4 ,mag4 ,hort4 ,the ,magazine of ,horticulture4 ,boston3 #ahcg-ahfh4 ,first published as ,the ,american ,gardener's ,magazine1 #ahce-f4 ,edited by ,c4 ,m4 ,hovey with ,p4 ,b4 ,hovey1 ,jr41 associate editor during #ahce-f4 ,manning1 ,book of ,fruits ,book of ,fruits4 ,by ,robert ,manning4 7,illustrated47 ,salem3 #ahch4 ,copyright1 #ahch4 ,mas1 ,le ,verger ,le ,verger ou ,histoire1 ,culture ,et ,description avec planches colories ,des ,varits ,de ,fruits ,les ,plus ,gnralement ,connues4 ,par ,m4 ,mas4 #h ,tomes4 ,paris3 #ahff-gc4 ,tome #h4 ,cherries4 ,mas1 ,pom4 ,gen4 ,pomologie ,gnrale4 ,par4 ,m4 ,mas4 7,illustr47 #ab ,tomes4 ,paris3 #ahgb-hc4 ,tome #aa1 #ahhb4 ,cherries4 ,mathieu1 ,nom4 ,pom4 ,nomenclator ,pomologicus4 ,von ,carl ,mathieu4 ,berlin3 #ahhi4 ,mawe-,abercrombie1 ,com4 ,gard4 ,the ,complete ,gardener4 ,by ,thomas ,mawe and ,john ,abercrombie4 ,london3 #ahbi4 ,mawe-,abercrombie1 ,univ4 ,gard4 ,bot4 ,the ,universal ,gardener and ,botanist4 ,by ,thomas ,mawe and ,john ,abercrombie4 ,london3 #aggh4 ,miller1 ,gard4 ,dict4 ,the ,gardener's ,dictionary4 ,by ,philip ,miller4 #b ,volumes4 ,london3 #aged4 ,revised edition4 ,by ,thomas ,martyn ,london3 #ahjg4 ,miller1 ,gard4 ,kal4 ,the ,gardener's ,kalendar4 ,by ,philip ,miller4 ,london3 #agcd4 ,mc,intosh1 ,bk4 ,gard4 ,the ,book of the ,garden4 ,by ,charles ,mcintosh4 7,illustrated47 ,two ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahee4 ,mc,mahon1 ,am4 ,gard4 ,cal4 ,the ,american ,gardener's ,calendar4 ,by ,bernard ,mc,mahon4 ,philadelphia3 #ahjf4 ,mortillet1 ,le ,cerisier ,arboriculture ,fruitire4 ,les ,meilleurs ,fruits4 ,par ,m4 ,p4 ,de ,mortillet4 7,illustr47 ,tome ,,ii4 ,le ,cerisier4 ,grenoble3 #ahff4 ,nat4 ,nur4 ,the ,national ,nurseryman4 ,published by ,the ,national ,nurseryman ,publishing ,co4 7,illustrated47 ,rochester3 #ahic to date4 ,nicholson1 ,dict4 ,gard4 ,the ,illustrated ,dictionary of ,gardening1 a practical and scientific ,encyclopedia of ,horticulture for ,gardeners and ,botanists4 ,by ,george ,nicholson1 assisted by ,j4 ,w4 ,h4 ,trail and ,j4 ,garrett4 #d ,volumes4 ,london4 ,supplement to same4 ,by ,george ,nicholson et al4 ,london3 #aijj4 ,noisette1 ,man4 ,comp4 ,jard4 ,manuel ,complet du ,jardinier4 ,par ,m4 ,louis ,noisette4 ,tome ,deuxime4 ,paris3 #ahfj4 ,oberdieck1 ,obst-,sort4 ,deutschlands beste ,obst-,sorten4 ,von ,f4 ,g4 ,c4 ,oberdieck4 ,leipzig3 #ahha4 ,obstzchter ,der ,obstzchter ,zeitschrift fr die ,gesamtinteressen des ,obstbanes4 ,references in ,volume ,,viii1 ,numbers #a1 #b1 #c1 #d and #aj4 ,vienna3 #aiaj4 ,parkinson1 ,par4 ,ter4 ,paradisi in ,sole4 ,paradisus ,terrestris4 ,by ,john ,parkinson4 7,illustrated47 ,london3 #afbi4 ,phillips1 ,com4 ,orch4 ,the ,companion for the ,orchard4 ,an ,historical ,and ,botanical ,account of ,fruits ,known ,in ,great ,britain4 ,by ,henry ,phillips4 ,new ,edition4 ,london3 #ahca4 ,poiteau1 ,pom4 ,franc4 ,pomologie ,francaise4 ,recueil des ,plus ,beaux ,fruits ,cultivs ,en ,france4 ,par ,antoine ,poiteau4 ,tomes #a-d4 ,paris3 #ahdf4 ,pom4 ,france ,pomologie ,de ,la ,france ou ,histoire ,et ,description de tous ,les ,fruits ,cultivs ,en ,france ,et ,admis ,par ,le ,congrs ,pomologique4 7,illustr47 ,tomes ,i-,,viii4 ,lyon3 #ahfc-ahgc4 ,tome ,,vii1 #ahga4 ,cherries4 ,pom4 ,inst4 ,reut4 ,pomologisches ,institut ,reutlingen4 ,reutlingen3 #aiaa-aiab4 ,pom4 ,mag4 ,the ,pomological ,magazine2 or1 ,figures ,and ,descriptions of the ,most ,important ,varieties ,of ,fruit cultivated in ,great ,britain4 ,three ,volumes4 ,london3 #ahbh-cj4 ,this work has also been published under the title ,pomona ,brittanica4 ,popular ,gard4 ,popular ,gardening4 ,an ,illustrated periodical devoted to ,horticulture in all its branches4 ,volume ,i4 ,buffalo3 #ahhf4 ,continued as ,popular ,gardening and ,fruit ,growing4 ,volumes ,,ii-,,vi4 ,buffalo3 #ahhg-ahia4 ,consolidated with ,the ,american ,garden and continued as ,american ,gardening4 ,new ,york3 #ahib-aijd4 ,prince1 ,pom4 ,man4 ,the ,pomological ,manual2 or1 ,a ,treatise on ,fruits4 ,by ,william ,robert ,prince1 aided by ,william ,prince4 ,second ,edition4 ,part ,i4 ,new ,york3 #ahcb4 ,copyright1 #ahca4 ,part ,,ii4 ,new ,york3 #ahcb4 ,copyright1 #ahcb4 ,prince1 ,treat4 ,hort4 ,a ,short ,treatise on ,horticulture4 ,by ,william ,prince4 ,new ,york3 #ahbh4 ,copyright1 #ahbh4 ,prince1 ,treat4 ,trees ,plants ,a ,treatise on ,fruit and ,ornamental ,trees ,and ,plants1 cultivated at the ,linnan ,botanic ,garden1 ,flushing1 ,long-,island1 near ,new-,york4 ,by ,william ,prince4 ,new ,york3 #ahbj4 ,proskauer ,obstsort4 ,proskauer ,obstsorten4 ,von ,professor ,dr4 ,stoll4 ,proskau bei ,oppeln3 #aijg4 ,quintinye1 ,com4 ,gard4 ,the ,compleat ,gard'ner2 or1 ,directions for ,cultivating and ,right ,ordering of ,fruit-,gardens1 and ,kitchen-,gardens4 ,by ,monsieur ,de la ,quintinye4 ,second ,edition4 ,london3 #afii4 ,ray1 ,hist4 ,plant4 ,historia ,plantarum4 ,by ,john ,ray4 ,second volume4 ,london3 #afhh4 ,rea1 ,flora ,flora3 ,seu1 ,de ,florum ,cultura2 or ,a ,complete ,florilege4 ,by ,john ,rea4 #c ,books4 ,london3 #afgf4 ,book #c4 ,cherries4 ,reut4 ,pom4 ,inst4 ,festschrift ,festschrift zum ,fnfzigjhrigen ,bestehen des ,pomologischen ,instituts ,in ,reutlingen4 ,reutlingen3 #aiaj4 ,rev4 ,hort4 ,revue ,horticole4 ,journal ,d',horticulture ,pratique4 7,illustr47 ,paris3 #ahbi to date4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 ,the ,rural ,new-,yorker4 ,a ,journal for the ,suburban and ,country ,home4 7,illustrated47 ,rochester and ,new ,york3 #ahej to date4 ,soc4 ,nat4 ,hort4 ,france ,pom4 ,socit ,nationale ,d',horticulture ,de ,france4 ,section ,pomologique4 ,les ,meilleurs ,fruits au dbut du ,,xxe sicle4 7,illustr47 ,paris3 #aijd4 ,sou4 ,cult4 ,the ,southern ,cultivator4 ,a ,monthly ,journal1 devoted to the improvement of ,southern ,agriculture4 7,illustrated47 ,augusta1 ,ga43 #ahdc-ahdh4 ,thacher1 ,am4 ,orch4 ,the ,american ,orchardist4 ,by ,james ,thacher4 ,boston3 #ahbb4 ,copyright1 #ahbb4 ,thomas1 ,am4 ,fruit ,cult4 ,the ,american ,fruit ,culturist4 ,by ,john ,j4 ,thomas4 7,illustrated47 ,first ,edition4 ,geneva and ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y43 #ahdf4 ,copyright1 #ahdf4 ,revised ,edition4 ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y43 #ahea4 ,copyright1 #ahdi4 ,revised ,edition4 ,new ,york3 #ahfi4 ,copyright1 #ahfg4 ,revised ,edition4 ,new ,york3 #ahhe4 ,copyright1 #ahge-ahhe4 ,twentieth ,edition1 ,revised and ,enlarged4 ,new ,york3 #ahig4 ,copyright1 #ahig4 ,twenty-first ,edition1 ,revised and ,enlarged4 ,new ,york3 #aiaa4 ,copyright1 #aijc4 ,thomas1 ,guide ,prat4 ,guide ,pratique de ,l',amateur de ,fruits4 ,par ,o4 ,thomas4 #ahgf4 ,deuxime dition4 #ahie4 ,see ,guide ,pratique4 ,thompson1 ,gard4 ,ass't4 ,the ,gardener's ,assistant2 ,practical and ,scientific4 ,by ,robert ,thompson4 7,illustrated47 ,two ,volumes4 ,london4 #ahei4 ,same1 revised by ,william ,watson4 ,six ,volumes4 ,london3 #aija4 ,truchsess-,heim1 ,kirschensort ,systematische ,classification und ,beschreibung der ,kirschensorten4 ,von ,christian ,freiherrn ,truchsess4 ,edited by ,friedrich ,timotheus ,heim4 ,stuttgart3 #ahai4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 ,reports of the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture3 #ahfb-ahid4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,yearbook ,reports of the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture3 #ahid to date4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,off4 ,rpt4 ,reports of the ,agricultural section of the ,united ,states ,patent ,office3 #ahcg to #ahfa4 ,wickson1 ,cal4 ,fruits ,the ,california ,fruits and ,how ,to ,grow ,them4 ,by ,edward ,j4 ,wickson4 7,illustrated47 ,second ,edition4 ,san ,francisco3 #ahia4 ,copyright1 #ahhi4 ,fourth ,edition4 ,los ,angeles3 #aiji4 ,copyright1 #aijh4 ,seventh ,edition4 ,san ,francisco3 #aiad4 ,copyright1 #aiad4 ,willich1 ,dom4 ,enc4 ,domestic ,encyclopedia or a ,dictionary of ,facts4 ,by ,a4 ,f4 ,m4 ,willich4 ,first ,american edition with additions by ,james ,mease4 ,in five volumes4 ,volume #d4 ,philadelphia3 #ahjc4 ,,index 7,names of varieties in this index1 if accepted names1 appear in ,roman type2 synonyms in italics47 ,coeur ,htive1 #bje ,a ,feuilles de ,pcher ,grosse1 #bje ,abbesse1 #bje ,abbesse d',oignies1 #ig ,abels ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche1 #bje ,abundance1 #bje cher's ,weichsel 7syn4 of ,griotte ,acher71 #bfb chte 7sein sollende7 ,kirsche ,vier auf ein ,pfund 7syn4 of ,tobacco-,leaved71 #cbf ,act ,gillos1 #bje ,adam 7syn4 of ,adams ,crown71 #bje ,adams1 var4 orig4 with1 #bje ,adams ,crown1 #bje ,adams ,herzkirsche 7syn4 of ,adams ,crown71 #bje ,adlington1 #bje ,admirable de ,soissons 7syn4 of ,cerise de ,soissons71 #bcc ,advance 7syn4 of ,california ,advance71 #aac ,affane1 #bje ,afghanistan1 #bje ,agathe 7syn4 of ,hildesheim71 #adc ,agatkirscke 7syn4 of ,dankelmannskirsche71 #bdj ,alaternblttrige ,sssweichsel1 #bjf ,albertine ,millet1 #bjf ,alexandrine ,bon1 #bjf ,alfred ,wesmael1 #bjf ,all ,saints 7syn4 of ,toussaint71 #aic ,allen1 #bjf ,allen1 ,j4 ,f41 var4 orig4 by1 #cbd ,allen1 ,zachariah1 var4 orig4 with1 #bjf1 #caa ,allen ,late ,favourite1 #bjf ,allen's ,sweet ,montmorency 7syn4 of ,sweet ,montmorency71 #cbd ,allerfrheste ,bunte ,maiherzkirsche1 #bjf ,alte ,knigskirsche1 #bjf ,altenlander ,frhkirsche1 #bjf ,amaranthkirsche1 #bjf ,amarell-,weichsel 7syn4 of ,early ,may71 #abh ,amarelle point pistillaire blanc 7syn4 of ,amarelle mit ,weissem ,stempelpunct71 #bjg ,amarelle ,boquet 7syn4 of ,boquet ,morello71 #bbc ,amarelle de la ,madleine 7syn4 of ,madeleine71 #bid ,amarelle ,double de ,verre 7syn4 of ,double ,glass71 #abb ,amarelle ,htive1 #bjg ,amarelle mit halbgefllter ,blthe 7syn4 of ,fleurs ,semi-doubles71 #bec ,amarelle mit ,weissem ,stempelpunct1 #bjg ,amarelle ,royale 7syn4 of ,montmorency71 #afi ,amarelle trs-fertile 7syn4 of ,cerisier ,trs-fertile71 #bcd ,amarellenbaum mit ganz gefllter ,blte 7syn4 of ,fleurs ,doubles71 #beb ,amber1 #bjg ,amber 7syn4 of ,amber ,gean71 #bjg ,amber ,gean1 #bjg ,amber ,heart 7syn4 of ,white ,heart71 #aig ,ambre de ,guben1 #bjg ,american ,amber1 #bjh ,american ,doctor 7syn4 of ,doctor71 #bdb ,american ,heart1 #bjh ,amos ,owen1 #bjh ,amygdalus1 sub-genus of ,prunus1 #ae ,amygdalus indica nana 7syn4 of ,p4 glandulosa trichostyla sinensis71 #ba ,amygdalus pumila 7syn4 of ,p4 glandulosa71 #ba2 7syn4 of ,p4 japonica kerii71 #bb ,andrews1 #bjh ,andrews1 ,c4 ,n41 var4 orig4 with1 #bjh ,anglaise ,htive 7syn4 of ,may ,duke71 #afd2 7syn4 of ,royal ,duke71 #ahd ,anglaise ,tardive 7syn4 of ,late ,duke71 #aee ,anne1 #bjh ,annonay1 #bjh ,annonayer ,herzkirsche 7syn4 of ,annonay71 #bjh ,anstad1 #bjh ,anstad1 ,a4 ,p41 var4 orig4 by1 #bjh ,antonie1 var4 introduced by1 #bac ,appalachian cherry1 botanical name of1 #ce ,arch ,duke1 #ih ,argental ,late1 #bji ,atwater1 ,caleb1 var4 orig4 with1 #bdi ,auburn ,duke1 #bji ,august ,duke1 #bji ,augustine de ,vigny1 #bji ,aurischotte1 #bji ,austen1 ,r4 ,a41 quoted1 #fh ,badacconyi 7syn4 of ,badacsony71 #bji ,badacsoner ,riesenkirsche 7syn4 of ,badacsony71 #bji ,badacsoner ,schwarze ,riesenkirsche 7syn4 of ,badacsony71 #bji ,badacsony1 #bji ,badacsonyer ,knorpelkirsche 7syn4 of ,badacsony71 #bji ,baender1 #baj ,baldwin1 #ajj ,baldwin1 ,s4 ,j41 var4 orig4 by1 #ajj ,baltavaer ,knorpelkirsche 7syn4 of ,baltavar71 #baj ,baltavar1 #baj ,baltavari 7syn4 of ,baltavar71 #baj ,baluder ,morello1 #baj ,barnhart1 #baj ,barry1 quoted1 #gj-ga ,baseler ,herzkirsche1 #baj ,bates1 #baj ,bates1 ,s4 ,j41 var4 orig4 with1 #baj ,baumann ,may1 #ajj ,bay ,state1 #baj ,baylor1 #baa ,beauty of ,marienhohe 7syn4 of ,schne von ,marienhohe71 #cag ,beauty of ,orleans 7syn4 of ,belle d',orleans71 #bab ,bedford1 ,a4,v41 var4 introduced by1 #bjh ,bedford ,prolific1 #baa ,belle ,agathe 7syn4 of ,hildesheim71 #add ,belle ,agathe de ,novembre 7syn4 of ,hildesheim71 #adc ,belle ,allemande 7syn4 of ,bettenburger ,glaskirsche71 #bac ,belle ,audigeoise1 #baa ,belle ,bosc1 #baa ,belle de ,boskoop1 #baa ,belle ,brugeoise ,saint-,pierre 7syn4 of ,schne von ,brgge71 #cag ,belle de ,bruxelles 7syn4 of ,belle d',orleans71 #bab ,belle de ,caux1 #baa ,belle de ,chatenay 7syn4 of ,magnifique71 #afc ,belle de ,choisy 7syn4 of ,choisy71 #aaf ,belle de ,couchey1 #baa ,belle ,defay1 #baa ,belle de ,franconville1 #baa ,belle glorie de ,marie 7syn4 of ,schne von ,marienhohe71 #cag ,belle grosse d',ardche 7syn4 of ,cerise de l',ardche71 #bcj ,belle l',herissier1 #baa ,belle de ,kis-,oers1 #bab ,belle de ,loche1 #bab ,belle ,magnifique 7syn4 of ,magnifique71 #afc 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,napoleon1 #cca ,weichsel mit halbgefllter ,blthe 7syn4 of ,fleurs ,semi-doubles71 #bec ,weichselbaum mit bndelfrmigen ,frchten 7syn4 of ,cerisier ,trs-fertile71 #bcd ,weichselbaum mit gelb1 weiss1 und rthlich marmorirte ,frucht 7syn4 of ,sptblhende ,glaskirsche71 #cba ,weichselbaum mit sehr gross gefllter ,blthe 7syn4 of ,fleurs ,doubles71 #beb ,weidenblttrige ,sssweichsel 7syn4 of ,willow-,leaved71 #cce ,weis1 ,roth und ,rosenfarbig ,marmorirte ,kramelkirsche1 #cca ,weiss ,herzkirsche 7syn4 of ,grosse ,bunte ,herzkirsche71 #bfe ,weiss und hellroth gefleckte grosse ,kramelkirsche 7syn4 of ,weisse ,rosenroth ,marmorirte ,herzkirsche71 #cca ,weiss und hellroth geflekte grosse ,kramelkirsche 7syn4 of ,runde ,marmorirte ,ssskirsche71 #cad ,weiss und rothe grosse ,herzkirsche 7syn4 of ,frheste ,bunte ,herzkirsche71 #bef ,weisse ,mandelkirsche1 #ccb ,weisse ,rosenroth ,marmorirte ,herzkirsche1 #cca ,wellington1 #ccb ,wellington's ,weichsel 7syn4 of ,wellington71 #ccb ,weltz1 ,leo1 var4 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#bgd ,zeisbergische ,kirsche 7syn4 of ,bigarreau de ,zeisberg71 #bba ,zimmtkirsche1 #ccf ,zweifarbige ,kirsche1 #ccf ,zweite ,grsser ,herzkirschweichsel 7syn4 of ,brusseler ,braune71 #aaj ,zwitterkirsche1 #ccf ,zzuckser ,schwarze ,knorpelkirsche1 #ccf ,transcribe's ,note3 ,inconsistent spelling and hyphenation are as in the original4