,,! ,,am]ican ,,sportsman',s ,,libr>y ,,edit$ ,,by ,,casp> ,,:itney ,,rid+ ,,& ,,driv+ ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! ,gallop-*ange f ,"r to ,left4 ,! horse1 hav+ be5 9 gallop "r1 has j gone into air f ! "r =e leg4 ,! "r h9d leg 0 !n plant$1 :i* w be foll[$ 9 turn by ! left h9d leg1 !n ! "r =e leg1 & la/ly ! left =e leg1 f :i* ! horse w g into air2 ! *ange f gallop "r to gallop left hav+ be5 made )\t disord] or a false /ep4 ,,rid+ ,,& ,,driv+ ,,rid+ ,,by ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,&]son ,,au?or ,,( ,,mod]n ,,horseman%ip1 ,,curb1 ,,snaffle1 ,,& ,,spur1 ,,etc41 ,,etc4 ,,driv+ ,,h9ts ,,on ,,! ,,hi/ory1 ,,h\s+1 ,,h>ness+ ,,& ,,h&l+ ,,( ,,! ,,horse ,,by ,,price ,,colli] ,new ,york ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,london3 ,,macmillan ,,co41 ,,ltd4 #aije ,all rights res]v$ ,,copyright1 #aije4 ,,by ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company4 ,set up & electrotyp$4 ,publi%$ ,april1 #aije4 ,norwood ,press ,j4 ,s4 ,cu%+ ,co4--,b]wick ,smi? ,co4 ,norwood1 ,mass41 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,cont5ts ,,rid+ ,,by ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,&]son ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,bre$+ ,,! ,,saddle-,,horse #c ,,ii4 ,,h&l+ ,,! ,,"y ,,horse #bj ,,iii4 ,,! ,,pur*ase1 ,,! ,,c>e1 ,,& ,,! ,,sale ,,( ,,! ,,saddle-,,horse #cj ,,iv4 ,,"s ,,saddle-,,horse ,,/ock ,,f>ms #dg ,v4 ,,! ,,saddle--,,! ,,bridle--,,h[ ,,to ,,m\nt #ed ,,vi4 ,,! ,,seat--,,g5]al ,,horseman%ip #fd ,,vii4 ,,am]ican ,,horseman%ip--,,our ,,cavalry #gh ,,viii4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,ride--,,! ,,snaffle-,,bridle--,,! ,,walk ,,& ,,! ,,trot--,,%y+--,,! ,,cunn+ ,,( ,,! ,,horse--,,sulk+--,,re>+--,,defeat+ ,,! ,,horse #he ,,ix4 ,,:at ,,tra9+ ,,w ,,d ,,= ,a ,,horse--,,! ,,=ms ,,( ,,collection #ajc ,x4 ,,! ,,spur #aji ,,xi4 ,,"s ,,"w ,,on ,,foot--,,! ,,suppl+ #aab ,,xii4 ,,! ,,curb-,,&-,,snaffle ,,bridle--,,guid+ ,,by ,,! ,,re9 ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,neck--,,cr\p ,,ab\t ,,=eh&--,,^u ,,two ,,pa?s #aba ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,gallop1 ,,& ,,! ,,gallop ,,*ange--,,:eel ,,9 ,,! ,,gallop--,,pir\ette ,,turn--,,halt ,,9 ,,! ,,gallop #abg ,,xiv4 ,,back+ #ace ,,xv4 ,,jump+ #ach ,,xvi4 ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks #adg ,,driv+ ,,by ,,price ,,colli] ,,introduction ,i ,i4 ,,economic ,,value ,,( ,,! ,,horse #aei ,,ii4 ,,! ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,horse #afi ,,iii4 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,days ,,( ,,! ,,horse ,,9 ,,am]ica #agi ,,iv4 ,,po9ts ,,( ,,! ,,horse #aie ,v4 ,,! ,,/able #baa ,,vi4 ,,fe$+ ,,& ,,/able ,,managem5t #bbe ,,vii4 ,,fir/ ,,aid ,,to ,,! ,,injur$ #bci ,,viii4 ,,%oe+ #bea ,,ix4 ,,h>ness #bei ,x4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,horse #bhd ,,xi4 ,a ,,*apt] ,,( ,,little ,,?+s #cjj ,,xii4 ,,driv+ ,,"o ,,horse #cae ,,xiii4 ,,driv+ ,a ,,pair #ccc ,,xiv4 ,,driv+ ,,f\r #cec ,,xv4 ,,! ,,t&em #cib ,,xvi4 ,,driv+ ,,t&em4 ,by ,t4 ,suff]n ,tail] #dja ,,bibliography #dbg ,,index #dbi ,,illu/rations ,,rid+ ,,by ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,&]son ,! ,gallop-*ange f ,"r to ,left4 ,! horse1 hav+ be5 9 gallop "r1 has j gone into air f ! "r =e leg4 ,! "r h9d leg 0 !n plant$1 :i* w be foll[$ 9 turn by ! left h9d leg1 !n ! "r =e leg1 & la/ly ! left =e leg1 f :i* ! horse w g into air2 ! *ange f gallop "r to gallop left hav+ be5 made )\t disord] or a false /ep ,frontispiece ,,figure ,,fac+ ,,page #a4 ,race-horse 9 ,tra9+4 ,photograph by ,r4 ,h4 ,cox #e #b4 ,dick ,wells4 ,hold] ( ! _w's record = "o mile4 ,photograph by ,r4 ,h4 ,cox4 #e #c4 ,?or\ghbr$ ,m>e1 ,l',indi5ne4 ,prop]ty ( ,major ,david ,ca/leman4 ,photograph by ! au?or #g #d4 ,cayuse4 ,photograph by ,w4 ,g4 ,walk] #g #e4 ,abayan ,koheilan4 ,arab /allion1 br$ by ,amasi ,hamdani1 ,smyri1 ,%eik ( ! ,di/rict ( ,nagd4 ,prop]ty ( ,su!rl& ,/ock ,f>m1 ,cob\rg1 ,canada #g #f4 ,norwegian ,fiord ,/allion4 ,import$ by ! au?or #i #g4 ,mafek+1 #af4b1 by ,temple out ( a ,m>e by ,judge ,curtis4 ,! prop]ty ( ,col9 ,campbell1 ,esq41 ,manor ,h\se1 ,/4 ,hilaire1 ,quebec1 ,canada4 ,?is spl5did animal has be5 hunt$ = ?ree seasons ) ! ,montreal ,fox ,h\nds4 ,he %[s great p[] & quality1 & is ma/] ( any rid+ weight #i #h4 ,prize-w9n+ ,*>g]4 ,prop]ty ( ,major ,ca/leman4 ,photograph by ! au?or #i #i4 ,morgan ,/allion1 ,meteor4 ,prop]ty ( ,mr4 ,h4 ,p4 ,crane4 ,photograph by ,s*reib] ,sons #i #aj4 ,mademoiselle ,gu]ra on ,rubis1 a ,trakh5e ,/allion #aj #aa4 ,highl& ,d5m>k4 ,prop]ty ( ,gay ,bro!rs1 ,pisgah1 ,k5tucky4 ,! sire ( m prize w9n]s 9 saddle classes ?an any o!r /allion 9 ,am]ica4 ,photograph by ! au?or #aj #ab4 ,brood ,m>e1 ,doro?y4 ,own$ by ,g5]al ,ca/leman4 ,?is m>e has a record ( fir/ prize 9 ne>ly sev5ty %[ r+s #ab #ac4 ,cecil ,palm]1 ,am]ican ,saddle-horse1 ,rack+4 ,own$ & ridd5 by ,major ,david ,ca/leman4 ,photograph by ! au?or #ab #ad4 ,! ,cavesson4 ,photograph by ! au?or #bc #ae4 ,! ,horse goes ab\t ! ,man at ! ,full ,l5g? ( ! ,cavesson ,re94 ,photograph by ! au?or #bc #af4 ,elevat+ ! ,head ( ! ,horse ) ! ,snaffle-bit4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #bf #ag4 ,dropp+ ! ,head & ,suppl+ ! ,jaw4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #bf #ah4 ,b5d+ ,head ) ,snaffle4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #bh #ai4 ,a ,leg ,up4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #bh #bj4 ,silvana4 ,an ,engli% half-br$ m>e1 import$ by ! au?or4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #cg #ba4 ,montgom]y ,*ief1 ,*ampion ,saddle ,/allion ( ,am]ica4 ,prop]ty ( ,ball ,bro!rs1 ,v]sailles1 ,k5tucky4 ,photograph by ! au?or #cg #bb4 ,rid+-h\se ( ! ,au?or #dd #bc4 ,g>r>d4 ,two ye>s old4 ,own$ & ridd5 by ,major ,david ,ca/leman4 ,photograph by ! au?or #ea #bd4 ,c>bonel4 ,f\r ye>s old4 ,own$ & ridd5 by ,major ,david ,ca/leman4 ,photograph by ! au?or #ea #be4 ,high ,lassie4 ,two ye>s old4 ,own$ by ,gay ,bro!rs1 ,pisgah1 ,k5tucky4 ,photograph by ! au?or #ec #bf4 ,m>es & ,foals4 ,gay ,bro!rs4 ,photograph by ! au?or #ec #bg4 ,/irl+ ,*ief4 ,prop]ty ( ,colonel ,j4 ,t4 ,wood=d1 ,mt4 ,/irl+1 ,k5tucky4 ,photograph by ! au?or #ee #bh4 ,/irl+ ,*ief 9 ! ,trot4 ,photograph by ! au?or #ee #bi4 ,d\ble ,bridle ,fitt$4 ,photograph by ! au?or #eh #cj4 ,m\nt+ ) ,/irrups4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #eh #ca4 ,m\nt+ )\t ,/irrups4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #fj #cb4 ,m\nt+ )\t ,/irrups4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #fj #cc4 ,dism\nt+ )\t ,/irrups4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #fj #cd4 ,jockey ,seat4 ,photograph by ,r4 ,h4 ,cox #fb #ce4 ,po9t+ ! ,knees above ! ,cre/ ( ! ,horse4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #fb #cf4 ,dropp+ ! ,knees to take ! ,seat )\t ,/irrups4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #fe #cg4 ,! ,seat4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #fe #ch4 ,lean+ ,back4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #fe #ci4 ,g]man ,cavalry4 ,photograph by ,o4 ,ans*utz #fg #dj4 ,monsieur ,leon de ,gisb]t4 ,photograph by ! au?or #fi #da4 ,monsieur ,h4 ,l4 de ,bussigny4 ,=m]ly an (fic] ( ! ,fr5* ,army #fi #db4 ,*asseurs d',afrique #ga #dc4 ,spahis4 ,arabs 9 ! ,alg]ian army ( ,france #ga #dd4 ,a ,fr5* ,(fic]4 ,good man & good horse #gc #de4 ,fr5* ,(fic]s #gc #df4 ,italian ,(fic]s4 ,! horseman%ip "h exhibit$ is above criticism4 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,go]z ,co4 #gc #dg4 ,italian ,(fic]s #gc #dh4 ,an ,italian ,(fic]4 ,! pose ( ! horse proves ! tru? ( ! photograph #gc #di4 ,troop] ,royal ,horse ,gu>ds4 ,photograph by ,f4 ,g4 ,o4 ,/u>t #gf #ej4 ,scots ,grays4 ,t5t ,pegg+4 ,photograph by ,f4 ,g4 ,o4 ,/u>t #gf #ea4 ,g5]al ,ca/leman #gh #eb4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,elm] ,railey #hj #ec4 ,a ,rid] ( ! ,pla9s4 ,photograph by ,w4 ,g4 ,walk] #hj #ed4 ,colonel ,w4 ,f4 ,cody1 ,buffalo ,bill4 ,photograph by ,/acy #hc #ee4 ,an ,am]ican ,horseman #hc #ef4 ,troop]s ( ! ,f\r? & ! ,eigh? ,cavalry1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 ,photograph by ! au?or #he #eg4 ,capta9 ,w4 ,c4 ,%ort4 ,in/ructor ( ,rid+ at ,=t ,riley4 ,photograph by ! au?or #he #eh4 ,?ree ,(fic]s at ,=t ,riley4 ,photograph by ! au?or #hg #ei4 ,! ,small ,pony is b a ,toy4 ,photograph by ,m>y ,woods #ij #fj4 ,up to ,t5 or ,twelve ,ye>s ( ,age ,girls %\ld ride 9 ! ,cross ,saddle to le>n ! ,effects ( ! ,aids4 ,photograph by ! au?or #ij #fa4 ,! ,al]tness ( ,9 ,h&4 ,photograph by ,r4 ,h4 ,cox #ib #fb4 ,9 ,h& 9 ,walk4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #ib #fc4 ,unit$ ,halt1 betwe5 ,heels & ,h&4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #id #fd4 ,9 ,h& 9 ,trot4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #id #fe4 ,prev5t+ ! ,horse re>+ by b5d+ ! ,cr\p to ,"o ,side4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #ig #ff4 ,re>+ ) ,ext5d$ ,=e ,legs4 ,photograph by ,walk] #ig #fg4 ,major ,h4 ,l4 ,ripley1 ,eigh? ,cavalry1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,army4 ,horse re>+ ) b5t =e legs #aja #fh4 ,roll+ up a ,re/ive ,horse #aja #fi4 ,closely ,unit$4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #ajb #gj4 ,half-halt4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #ajb #ga4 ,! ,scrat* ( ! ,spur4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #ajh #gb4 ,halt ) ! ,spurs4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #ajh #gc4 ,direct ,flexion ( ! ,jaw4 ,! snaffle holds ! head up4 ,! curb-bit1 ) ! re9s drawn t[>d ! *e/ ( ! horse1 induces ! animal to yield ! jaw1 :5 ! t5sion ^u ! re9s is releas$ & ! animal s rew>d$ = its ob$i5ce4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #aab #gd4 ,! ,result ( ! ,direct ,flexion ( ! ,jaw4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #aab #ge4 ,b5d+ ,head & ,neck ) ! ,curb-bit4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #aae #gf4 ,b5d+ ,head & ,neck ) ! ,curb-bit4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #aae #gg4 ,c>ry+ ! ,h9d ,legs "u ! ,body4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #aag #gh4 ,cr\p ab\t ,=eh&1 to ! ,"r4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #aag #gi4 ,cr\p ab\t ,=eh&1 to ! ,"r4 ,! left =e leg ! pivot4 ,! head b5t t[>d ! advanc+ cr\p4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #aai #hj4 ,9 ,h& 9 ,place4 ,photograph by ,h4 ,s4 #aai #ha4 ,! ,indirect ,indication ( ! ,curb-bit4 ,to turn ! horse to ! "r by br++ ! left re9 aga9/ ! neck ( ! horse4 ,! rid]'s h& c>ri$ ov] to ! "r1 ! ?umb po9t+ to ! "r %\ld] #abb #hb4 ,! ,indirect ,indication ( ! ,curb-bit4 ,to turn ! horse to ! left4 ,! rid]'s h& is c>ri$ ov] to ! left1 ! ?umb po9t+ to ! gr\nd ov] ! left %\ld] ( ! horse #abb #hc4 ,rev]s$ ,pir\ette1 to ! ,left4 ,! h9d qu>t]s are c>ri$ to ! left1 ab\t ! "r =e leg z pivot1 ! head b5t to ! left #abd #hd4 ,pass+ on ,two ,pa?s to ! ,"r4 ,! =eh& slightly 9 advance ( ! cr\p4 ,! head ( ! horse slightly b5t 9 ! direction ( progress #abd #he4 ,! ,gallop4 ,! horse 9 air #abf #hf4 ,! ,h9d ,legs are committ$ to a ,c]ta9 ,/ride 9 ! ,gallop be=e ! ,horse goes into ,air #abf #hg4 ,gallop ,"r4 ,! *ange mu/ be begun by ! h9d legs z soon z !y are free f ! gr\nd4 ,! la/ sev5 photographs by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #abf #hh4 ,! ,:eel 9 ! ,gallop4 ,9 two pa?s1 ! h9d feet on a small inn] circle #aca #hi4 ,! ,pir\ette ,:eel4 ,! inn] h9d leg rema9s 9 place z a pivot #aca #ij4 ,back+4 ,tak+ advantage ( ! impulse produc$ by ! :ip tap to c>ry ! mass to ! re>4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #ace #ia4 ,back+4 ,! same pr9ciples are obs]v$4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #ace #ib4 ,jump+ ,9 ,h&4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #ach #ic4 ,! ,n>r[ ,hurdle4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #ach #id4 ,jump+ ,9 ,h&4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #ach #ie4 ,jump+ a ,n>r[ ,hurdle4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #adb #if4 ,jump+ a ,n>r[ ,hurdle4 ,photograph by ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 #adb #ig4 ,hurdle-rac+4 ,photograph by ,r4 ,h4 ,cox #aea #ih4 ,?i/l$[n4 ,f\r ye>s old4 ,prop]ty ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,e4 ,a% brook4 ,record ( sev5 feet "o & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es4 ,photograph by ,e4 ,n4 ,williams #aea #ii4 ,d5ny ,rack+4 ,prop]ty ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,neane4 ,photograph by ! au?or #aed #ajj4 ,d5ny at ! ,runn+ ,walk4 ,photograph by ! au?or #aed #aja4 ,ca/+ a ,horse )\t ,app>atus4 ,photograph by ,m4,f4,a4 #aed ,,driv+ ,,by ,,price ,,colli] ,,plate ,i4 ,protorohippus #afg ,,ii4 ,developm5t ( ,horse's ,foot ,f ,toes to ,"o #afg ,,iii4 ,neohipp>ion #agj ,,iv4 ,skull ( ,horse ,eight ,ye>s ,old #agj ,v4 ,tee? ( ,horse #aie ,,vi4 ,tee? ( ,horse #aig ,,vii4 ,polo ,pony #aii ,,viii4 ,light-h>ness ,horse #aii ,,ix4 ,h>ness ,type #bjb ,x4 ,fly+ ,cl\d1 ,h>ness ,type #bjb ,,xi4 ,*ildr5's ,pony #bjd ,,xii4 ,*ildr5's ,pony #bjd ,,xiii4 ,good ,%\ld]s1 ,legs1 & ,feet #bjf ,,xiv4 ,heavy-h>ness ,types #bjf ,,xv4 ,/able ,plan #bai ,,xvi4 ,skeleton ( ! ,horse #bde ,,xvii4 ,int]nal ,p>ts ( ! ,horse #bde ,,xviii4 ,ext]nal ,p>ts ( ! ,horse #beb ,,xix4 ,foot ( ! ,horse #beb ,,xx4 ,bridoon ,bit2 ,d\ble-r+ ,snaffle-bit2 ,half-*eek ,jo9t$ ,snaffle-bit #bfa ,,xxi4 ,bit f\nd on ,acropolis2 date1 #ejj ,b4,c4 #bfa ,,xxii4 ,s+le ,h>ness #bfc ,,xxiii4 ,elb[-bit2 ,liv]pool ,bit2 ,buxton ,bit2 ,gig-bit #bff ,,xxiv4 ,swale's ,pat5t ,bit #bfh ,,xxv4 ,bru% ,burr #bfh ,,xxvi4 ,pla9 ,burr #bfh ,,xxvii4 ,hambletonian #bic ,,xxviii4 ,george ,wilkes #bic ,,xxix4 ,driv+ a ,pair #cda ,,xxx4 ,driv+ a ,pair #cdh ,,xxxi4 ,positions ( ,:ip #ceg ,,xxxii4 ,driv+ ,f\r #cfd ,,xxxiii4 ,pony ,t&em #cia ,,xxxiv4 ,t&em ,dog-c>t #cid ,,xxxv4 ,high & ,dang]\s ,cock+-c>t #cid ,,xxxvi4 ,t&em ( ,mr4 ,mc,candless #djd ,,xxxvii4 ,t&em ( ,mr4 ,t4 ,suff]n ,tail] #djd ,,rid+ ,,by ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,&]son ,,rid+ ,,*apt] ,i ,,bre$+ ,,! ,,saddle-,,horse ,! ?or\ghbr$ is univ]sally recogniz$ z ! f9e/ type ( ! horse1 excell+ all o!r races 9 beauty1 9 /am9a1 9 c\rage1 & 9 spe$2 &1 fur!r1 x is capable 9 ! highe/ degree ( transmitt+ to its po/]ity ^! valuable qualities4 ,inde$1 ! greate/ virtue possess$ by ?is noble animal lies 9 its p[] ( produc+1 ^u inf]ior bre$s1 horses admirably adapt$ to _m useful purposes = :i* ! blood$ animal itself is n fitt$4 ,9 ,engl& & ^u ! cont95t ! ?or\ghbr$ is held 9 high e/eem = ! saddle2 b1 z ,g5]al ,basil ,duke ju/ly rem>ks1 x has n t agility s desirable 9 a rid+-horse1 & because ( its l[ action & ext5d$ /ride x is (t5 want+ 9 sur5ess ( foot1 & 9 ,am]ica we pref] to ride ! half-bre$ ) bett] action4 ,occasionally ! ?or\ghbr$ is f\nd t fills ! requirem5ts ( ! mo/ exact+ rid]1 & ! au?or has _h at lea/ six blood-horses t 7 excell5t "u ! saddle4 ,"o ( ^!1 repres5t$ by a photograph 9 a previ\s "w1 9 a gallop ab\t a lance held 9 ! rid]'s h&1 gave suffici5t pro( ( quickness & suppl5ess4 ,h[ev]1 x is admitt$ on all h&s t ! horse :i* mo/ ne>ly approa*es ! ?or\ghbr$1 & yet possesses ! necess>y qualities :i* ! sup]ior animal lacks1 w be ! be/ = rid+ purposes4 ,al?\gh e ?or\ghbr$ traces its ance/ry 9 ! direct male l9e to ! ,by]ly ,turk1 #afij1 ! ,d>ley ,arabian1 circa #agjj1 or ! ,godolph9 ,b>b1 circa #agbe1 & x is impossible to f9d an ,engli% race-horse :i* does n comb9e ! blood ( all ?ree1 ! exp]i5ce ( mod]n horsem5 po9ts to ! fact t ! blood-horse is z ne> to ! ,ea/]n horse z we %\ld g ) ! /allion 9 bre$+ = ! race-c\rse or = ennobl+ bas] /ra9s4 ,9 view ( ! great influ5ce t ^! ?ree horses _h almo/ imm$iately ^u ,engli% bre$s1 ?is pres5t exclusion ( ! ,ea/]n /allion is /rik+2 b x means simply t ! race-horse ( our day has m admirable qualities to transmit ?an ! sire ( any o!r blood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,,race-,,horse ,,9 ,,tra9+ ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--;,,dick ,,wells4 ,,hold] ,,( ,,! ,,record ,,= ,,"o ,,mile ,! ,b$\9 ,arabian ( ! ,nejd di/rict1 suppos$ to be ! pure/ /ra9 ( ! race & ! f\nta9head ( all ! ,ea/]n bre$s1 has become deg5]ate dur+ ! pa/ two hundr$ ye>s2 too (t5 horses ( ?is royal blood are f\nd und]siz$1 calf-kne$1 & defici5t 9 _m po9ts4 ,not)/&+ ! virtues t su* animals may yet be able to transmit1 ,i v5ture to say t ! disda9$ ,arab ( ,turkey1 ,p]sia1 ,egypt1 & ev5 t ( ,europe1 z well z ! s-call$ ,b>b1 are bett] & m useful horses1 & x is f ^! impure races t ne>ly all ( ! ,ea/]n blood has come t has f\nd its way into ! crosses ( ,european horses dur+ ! pa/ hundr$ ye>s or m4 ,inde$1 if we may believe ! /atem5ts ( ! p>tisans ( ! ,ea/]n horse1 b v little ( ! be/ ,arab blood has be5 introduc$ into ,europe4 ,! ,d>ley ,arabian1 ! ance/or ( ! be/ /ra9s 9 ! _w1 0 d\btless ( pure des]t blood4 ,8 color1 =m1 & o!r *>act]i/ics h always satisfi$ horsem5 t 8 l9eage c\ld n be que/ion$4 ,9 crosses ( ?or\ghbr$ /ra9s & des]t blood ! /allion %\ld be ( ! =m] race2 b 9 br++ ,ea/]n blood into inf]ior bre$s ! blood ( ! latt] %\ld be repres5t$ by ! m>e4 ,all good crosses are apt to produce bett] rid+-horses ?an ^? ( a direct race4 ,f ! fossil rema9s f\nd 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w x is c]ta9 t ! horse appe>$ 9 _m places dur+ a c]ta9 geological p]iod1 & surviv$ :]e ! conditions 7 favorable4 ,b :e!r ,we/]n ,asia is or is n ! home ( ! horse1 he 0 d\btless dome/icat$ !re 9 v e>ly times1 & x 0 f ,syria t ! ,egyptians receiv$ _! horses ?r\gh _! ,b$\9 conqu]ors4 ,! horses ( ! ,babylonians probably came f ,p]sia1 & ! orig9al s\rce ( all ^! may h be5 ,c5tral ,asia1 f :i* la/-nam$ region ! animal also pass$ into ,europe1 if ! horse 7 n indig5\s to "s ( ! c\ntries 9 :i* hi/ory f9ds x4 ,we le>n t ,s>gon ,i4 7#chjj ,b4,c47 rode 9 8 *>iot m ?an two ?\s& ye>s be=e !re is an exhibition ( ! horse 9 ! ,egyptian sculptures or pro( ( its exi/5ce 9 ,syria1 & 8 k+dom ( ,akkad bord]$ ^u ,p]sia1 giv+ a /rong presumption t ! des]t horse came f ! la/-nam$ region1 ?r\gh ,babylonian h&s4 ,x seems1 aft] an exam9ation ( ! repres5tations ^u ! monum5ts1 t ! ,ea/]n horse has *ang$ b little dur+ ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,tak+ a copy ( "o ( ! sculptures ( ! palace ( ,a%ur-bani-pal1 suppos$ to h be5 execut$ ab\t ! middle ( ! sev5? c5tury be=e our era1 & assum+ t ! b>e-head$ m5 7 #e feet #h in*es 9 height1 ,i f\nd t ! horses w\ld /& ab\t #ad h&s--v ne> ! normal size ( ! des]t horse ( our day4 ,! horses ( anci5t ,greece mu/ h be5 />vel+s f "s ,nor!rn clime1 = ! animals on ! ,p>!non frieze are b a trifle ov] #ab h&s 9 height1 & are ! prototypes ( ! ,norwegian ,fiord pony--a fix$ type ( a v valuable small horse4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,,?or\ghbr$ ,,brood-,,m>e ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4--;,,cayuse ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--;,,des]t-,,br$ ,,arab ,,/allion ,! horse 0 f\nd 9 ,brita9 f ! e>lie/ hi/orical times1 & new blood 0 introduc$ by ! ,romans1 by ! ,normans1 & "u _m ( ! successors ( ,william ! ,conqu]or4 ,! ,turki% horse & ! b>b1 x is und]/ood1 7 import$ long be=e ! reign ( ,james ,i41 :5 ,m>kham's ,arabian1 said to be ! fir/ ( pure des]t blood1 0 br\ght into ! c\ntry2 b f t "t _m horses 7 introduc$ f ! ,ea/1 ( /ra9s m or less pure4 ,! ,ea/]n horse 0 ! f\ndation ^u :i* ! ,engli%man re>$ ! ?or\ghbr$1 b we mu/ n lose sight ( ! skill ( ! build] nor ( ! mat]ial furni%$ by native /ock4 ,! des]t /ra9s furni%$ beauty1 c\rage1 & /am9a2 ! native blood gave size1 /ride1 & _m o!r good qualities2 ! ,engli% bre$] comb9$ all ^! & produc$ :at no o!r nation has approa*$1 ! incomp>able ?or\ghbr$4 ,we accept ! ?or\ghbr$ z we f9d him4 ,no man c say exactly h[ he 0 produc$4 ,! great ,eclipse 7#agfd7 has upw>d ( a doz5 m>es 9 8 %ort p$igree 7he 0 f\r? 9 desc5t f ! ,d>ley ,arabian7 ^: bre$+ is unkn[n & :i* 7 d\btless native m>es1 = already ! desc5dants ( ,ea/]n horses 7 kn[n & not$4 ,:at is true ( ! bre$+ ( ,eclipse is true ( _m ( 8 contempor>ies :o play$ prom95t p>ts 9 ! /uds ( _! day4 ,= m ?an "o hundr$ ye>s no des]t-br$ /allion has _h any m>k$ influ5ce ^u ! race-horse directly ?r\gh a ?or\ghbr$ m>e4 ,9 ! fir/ decade ( ! la/ c5tury a b>b /allion br$ to a b>b m>e produc$ ,sultana1 :o br\ght =? ! gr&dam ( ,b]?une to ,sir ,ar*y4 ,b]?une 0 mu* s\ght aft] z a sire = rid+-horses2 besides ?is b>b blood he _h /ra9s ( ,diom$ & ( ,saltram 9 8 ve9s1 all ( :i* 7 desirable = saddle-horses4 ,bre$s ( animals det]iorate rapidly ?r\gh lack ( n\ri%m5t & f 9-&-9 bre$+4 ,x is que/ionable :e!r a deg5]ate race may be re/or$1 )9 measurable "t1 by ! use ( any appreciable am\nt ( its own blood2 x is c]ta9ly bad policy to f\nd a bre$ ^u poor /ock4 ,! bett] plan w\ld be to =m ! desir$ type f new /ra9s4 ,"o hundr$ ye>s ago ,lewis & ,cl>k f\nd ^u ! pla9s ( ! ,nor?we/ horses ( an excell5t race1 l(ty1 elegantly =m$1 & durable1 b "o c\ld h>dly hope to replace su* animals f ! cayuse ponies1 _! desc5dants1 )\t ! introduction ( sup]ior blood 9 su* quantities z practically to oblit]ate ! inf]ior4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,,norwegian ,,fiord ,,/allion ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--;,,heavy-,,weight ,,hunt] ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--;,,*>g] ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--,,morgan ,,/allion ,"s ( ! range horses ( ,wa%+ton & ( ,oregon are fairly good animals1 & ^! h m or less ( ! bronco blood1 b all t c be said ( ! influ5ce ( ! wild horse is t its desc5dants c ru/le = a liv+ :]e an ,ea/]n horse w\ld />ve1 & ! same ?+ c be said ( ! donkey4 ,admitt+ t = c]ta9 purposes inf]ior blood mu/ sometimes be introduc$ = dome/ic purposes1 ! bett] ! bre$+ ! bett] ! horse w be4 ,bon sang bon *i54 ,! mu/ang ( ! s\!rn c5tral pla9s ma9ta9s _m ( ! good qualities ( its ,spani% ance/ors1 & is a valuable horse = c]ta9 purposes1 b we ne$ n consid] ?is animal 9 bre$+ = ! saddle :5 we h s _m o!r /ra9s inf9itely sup]ior4 ,polo & c[ ponies are n )9 our int5t4 ,types & families ( horses are produc$ ei!r by c>eful selection & exclusion1 or by ! *ances ( environm5t ,9 ! fir/ mann] 0 br\ght ab\t ! ?or\ghbr$1 ! ,p]*]on1 ! ,orl(f1 ! ,trakh5e1 ! ,d5m>k1 & e o!r race or family ( real value4 ,all ov] ! _w isolat$ gr\ps ( horses may be f\nd :i* h become types by an accid5tal seclusion1 & ^! f v>i\s causes are usually und]siz$ & (t5 ill-=m$4 ,su* are ! mu/ang & its c\s9s on ! pla9s1 _m bre$s 9 ,ea/]n ,asia1 ! ,norwegian ,fiord pony1 ! ,icel&]1 ! ,%etl&]1 etc41 ! la/-nam$ ?ree be+1 x is suppos$1 deg5]ates ( pure des]t desc5t f animals tak5 nor? f ,con/ant9ople by ! return$ ,v>angians 9 ! elev5? c5tury4 ,9 bre$+ = ! saddle1 or = any o!r purpose1 ! m>e %\ld be ne>ly ( ! type ! bre$] desires to obta91 & %e %\ld be ( /rong frame1 p]fectly s\nd1 ( heal?y /ock1 & ) a good disposition4 ,if h] p$igree be kn[n1 ! /allion1 well-br$ or ?or\ghbr$1 %\ld be select$ f a /ra9 :i* has be5 prov$ to h an aff9ity ) t ( ! m>e4 ,! m+l+ ( c]ta9 /ra9s is almo/ z c]ta9 to produce c]ta9 results--n1 be x und]/ood1 ev]y?+ t may be desir$--z does ! mix+ ( *os5 colors on ! palette4 ,t is to say1 size1 =m1 action1 & disposition may ord9>ily be =etold by ! mat+ betwe5 families t are kn[n to nick4 ,! /allion %\ld be no l>g] ?an ! m>e1 ( a family 9 :i* !re is no suspicion ( transmissible disease1 & ( good temp]1 & x c]ta9ly %\ld n be lack+ 9 ! slighte/ degree 9 any po9t :]e ! m>e is n fully develop$4 ,! m>e might be ! /rong] animal1 ! /allion ! m highly f9i%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--,,trakh5e ,,/allion ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,,typical ,,d5m>k ,,/allion ,:]e ! m>e's p$igree is unkn[n1 & ! matt] is purely an exp]im5t1 or :]e %e is und\bt$ly ( base bre$+1 ! /allion1 :ile ( sup]ior blood1 %\ld n v>y greatly f h] type4 ,peculi>ities 9 ei!r p>5t are almo/ c]ta9 to be f\nd 9 an exagg]at$ =m 9 ! foal4 ,x w\ld be difficult to imag9e a bett] horse1 = any conceivable purpose except rac+1 ?an a fir/-rate heavy-weight hunt]2 yet he may be call$ an accid5t1 z !re is no su* bre$1 & 8 full bro!r may be relegat$ to ! coa* or ev5 to ! pl\gh4 ,! l>ge head & convex face almo/ inv>iably f\nd 9 ! weight c>ri]1 & 9 ! high-jump]1 are d]iv$ f ! co>se blood :i* gives !m size & p[]2 b ^! features are indications ( t c\rage & resolution :i* give !m value--*>act]i/ics :i* 9 animals ( :olly cold blood are usually exhibit$ 9 ob/9acy4 ,inde$1 :ile ! ,engli% horse1 ea* 9 its class1 has no sup]ior1 ,great ,brita9 has no type or family ( saddle animals su* z our ,d5m>k1 unless "o except cobs & ponies4 ,( c\rse1 :]e two animals ( ! same or ( simil> /ra9s1 & be>+ a close resemblance to ea* o!r1 are mat$1 ! type w be reproduc$ ) mu* great] c]ta9ty ?an :]e v>i\s /ra9s are = ! fir/ "t br\ght toge!r2 b ev5 9 good mat*es a foal may %[ "s undesirable feature d]iv$ f a remote ance/or4 ,"s m>ks or *>act]i/ics ( a prog5itor reappe> at almo/ incr$ible di/ances f _! s\rces4 ,t ,bo/on's prog5y %\ld be subject to bl9dness1 or t ,cruis]'s desc5dants %\ld be vici\s1 or t ! (fspr+ ( :i/l]s %\ld prove defective 9 _! w9d1 are reasonable expectations2 b t ! black spots on ! haun*es ( ,eclipse %\ld be repeat$ ^u 8 desc5dants ( our day1 z is d\btless ! case1 exhibits an influ5ce t is m>vell\s4 ,/ockwell 7#ahdi7 & _m o!rs ( ,eclipse's desc5dants _h ^? ance/ral m>ks1 b ,/ockwell _h _m /ra9s ( ,eclipse blood ?r\gh ,waxy1 ,gohanna1 & o!r prog5itors4 ,:5 a *e/nut ?or\ghbr$ %[s :ite hairs ?r\gh its coat1 t peculi>ity is ascrib$ to ,v5ison 7#ahcc7 blood1 if by *ance t /allion's "n may be f\nd 9 its p$igree4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--;,,brood-,,m>e ,,( ,,saddle ,,/ra9s ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--;,,cecil ,,palm] ,,rack+ ,:]e undesirable qualities appe> 9 ! products ( crosses 9 bre$+ = a type1 !y are br$ out 9 bre$+ up1 or ! failures are p]mitt$ to die out4 ,x is n probable t any "o :o 0 desir\s ( bre$+ a horse suitable = ! saddle w\ld select a v inf]ior m>e1 =1 ev5 ?\gh h] p$igree 7 unkn[n1 ! qualities :i* sugge/$ h] selection w\ld prove h] some?+ bett]4 ,x _c be d5i$ t occasionally a lit]al half-bre$1 by a ?or\ghbr$ on common /ock1 turns out a good animal1 & su* a cross is (t5 ! f\ndation ( valuable types2 b ! *ances are too remote to induce "o to try ! exp]im5t solely = ! produce ( ! fir/ cross4 ,x is r>ely ! case t a horse may be f\nd 9 a g5tleman's /able t has n ei!r a lib]al1 direct infusion ( ?or\ghbr$ /ra9s1 or is n itself a repres5tative ( "s family :i* owes its di/9ction to ! blood-horse4 ,i am s*ool+ a pretty little m>e1 pick$ up by *ance1 = ! illu/rations ( ! *apt]s on rid+ & tra9+4 ,i believe t ,daphne is out ( a ,morgan m>e by a ,hambletonian /allion1 & t h] symmetry comes f ! dam4 ,x is greatly to be regrett$ t ! s-call$ ,morgans h be5 s neglect$ t x is n easy to f9d horses ) en\gh ( ! blood to entitle !m to be> ! family "n4 ,! ,morgan1 al?\gh r a small horse1 0 an admirable animal1 good 9 build1 9 con/itution1 9 action1 & 9 temp]am5t1 & its blood comb9$ well ) t ( ! old ,canadian pac+ /ock 7( :i* ! orig9al ,copp]bottom 0 an example71 ) ,mess5g] /ra9s1 & ) ^? ( "s o!r trott+ families4 ,at ! ,trakh5e /ud 9 ,g]many a di/9ct bre$ has be5 obta9$ by ! admixture ( ?or\ghbr$ & ,ea/]n blood4 ,h[ long x took & h[ _m crosses 7 made to e/abli% ! type ,i _c say1 b x is und]/ood t 9 ! fir/ crosses ! /allions 7 ( ,engli% blood1 ! m>es ( des]t /ra9s4 ,^! ,trakh5e horses1 usually black or *e/nut1 are v beautiful animals--l>ge1 symmetrical1 & ( pr\d be>+4 ,!y are sometimes us$ z *>g]s by ! ,g]man emp]or & 8 (fic]s1 & 9 ?is c\ntry !y are some:at famili> z lib]ty horses 9 ! circus r+4 ,x is said t ! ,trakh5e is n clev] ^u 8 feet & t he is n safe 9 easy paces1 :i* is likely en\gh1 = bo? ! blood-horse & ! ,arab are /umbl]s 9 ! walk & 9 ! trot4 ,9 ! prov9ce ( ,ont>io1 ,canada1 & 9 ! /ates ( ,ma9e & ,new ,york1 v f9e horses are br$ = v>i\s purposes2 & f among ^! are f\nd good hacks & ! animals be/ suit$ to ! hunt+-field t ,am]ica af=ds4 ,^! ,nor!rn horses h good con/itutions &1 x is ?\ght1 bett] feet ?an ^? f\nd beyond ! ,alleghanies1 & ! be/ examples fill ! dem&s ( ! mo/ critical horseman2 b 9 none ( ! ,nor!rn /ates c x be said t a bre$ or family exi/s t produces a type ( hack or hunt]1 :ile 9 ! ,blue ,grass region s\? ( ! ,ohio we f9d ! ,d5m>ks spl5didly develop$ 9 e po9t & ) a natural grace & ela/icity t make !m mo/ desirable = ! saddle4 ,= q a c5tury ! rid+-horses ( ,k5tucky h be5 celebrat$ 9 song & /ory4 ,9 ! days :5 bridle-pa?s 7 ! *ief means ( int]communication ?r\gh\t ?is /ate1 ! pione] made 8 j\rneys z easy z possible by select+ & by bre$+ saddle-horses ) smoo? gaits1 ! rack & ! runn+ walk4 ,^! movem5ts _h be5 kn[n 9 ! f> ,ea/ & 9 ,lat9 c\ntries f "t immemorial1 b x rema9$ = ! ,k5tuckian to p]fect !m4 ,"s fifty odd ye>s s9ce a /allion call$ ,d5m>k 0 introduc$ into ,k5tucky1 & f him !re has desc5d$ a type ( saddle-horse :i* is ev]y:]e held 9 e/eem1 = ! ,d5m>k horse ( to-day has no sup]ior = beauty ( =m1 = docility1 = graceful movem5ts &1 inde$1 = e good quality :i* %\ld be f\nd 9 a rid+ animal4 ,d5m>k _h be5 successful on ! race-c\rse2 he 0 by import$ ,h$ge=d1 & if x be true t !re 0 a /a9 ^u ! l9eage ( 8 dam1 !re _h be5 a v successful cross1 = ! great majority ( ! saddle-horses ( ,k5tucky boa/ ,d5m>k z an ance/or4 ,m ?an n9e-t5?s ( ?is family trace to ! f\nd]'s son1 ,ga9es's ,d5m>k1 ^: dam 0 by ,cockspur1 &1 probably1 out ( a pac+ m>e4 ,! ,am]ican ,saddle-horse ,bre$]s' ,association has und]tak5 to improve ! rid+-horses ( ?is c\ntry by ! =mation ( a regi/] & by ! selection ( f\ndation /allions ^: prog5y "u c]ta9 conditions %all be eligible = regi/ry4 ,_! prim>y object is to enc\rage ! bre$+ ( ! gait$ saddle-horse1 t is1 ! animal :i*1 f inh]it$ in/9cts or natural adaptability1 may readily be taught to rack1 to pace1 to g 9 ! runn+ walk & 9 ! fox-trot2 b at ! same "t ,g5]al ,ca/leman1 ,colonel ,nall1 & ! o!r g5tlem5 engag$ ) !m1 are ex]cis+ great influ5ce = good ^u ! horse ( ! ?ree simpl] gaits4 ,! p$igrees ( ! f\ndation sires ( ?is regi/] %[ _m /ra9s ( ! blood ( ,saltram & ( ,diom$1 a fair %>e ( t ( ! ,canadian pac]1 & en\gh1 d\btless1 ( t ( ! ,morgan4 ,a fabric wov5 ( su* ?reads mu/ prove ( national importance2 =1 al?\gh ! regi/ry is op5 to all horses :i* c %[ five saddle-gaits1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t su* an exhibition is almo/ a c]ta9 pro( ( ! desir$ bre$+ & is a c]ta9 pro( ( quality4 ,we may1 !n1 hope = a typical ,am]ican saddle-horse1--a race t %all h no sup]ior1 repres5tatives ( :i* %all be f\nd :]ev] ! horse fl\ri%es4 ,i am no advocate = any paces o!r ?an ! walk1 ! trot1 & ! gallop1 ^! be+ ! only movem5ts 9 :i* ! rid] c obta9 imm$iate & precise control ov] ! actions ( ! horse4 ,! rid+-horse mu/ be manag$ by re9s & heels2 no motions or signs are s exact+1 s unmi/akable 9 _! dem&s1 & x is impossible readily to obta9 movem5ts f a horse t is confus$ by eight or ev5 five gaits1 p>ticul>ly :5 "s ( ^! gaits require an ext5sion ( ! animal's =ces incompatible ) ! union requir$ 9 quick turns & 9 imm$iate ob$i5ce4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be ackn[l$g$ t ! rack1 ! runn+ walk1 & ! fox-trot h _h a b5eficial influ5ce ^u ! ,k5tucky saddle-horse4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ^! paces requir$ selection 9 ! bre$+1 &1 secondly1 ! discipl9e impli$ by ! tra9+1 ?r\gh _m g5]ations1 has _h its effect ^u ! temp]s & dispositions ( ^! spl5did animals4 ,a brood m>e %\ld always be well n\ri%$1 b n ov] f$1 &1 f ! "t x is able to eat1 ! foal %\ld h its %>e ( oats z well z ( succul5t1 nutriti\s grasses1 & ( s\nd hay :5 graz+ is impracticable4 ,our cavalry (fic]s1 & horsem5 9 g5]al1 be> te/imony to ! endurance ( animals br$ 9 ,k5tucky4 ,?is vigor is due to ! ri* blue-grass pa/ures & to ! lib]al fe$+ ( ! m>e & h] (fspr+4 ,x w\ld appe>1 ^u fir/ view+ ! subject1 t a horse br$ ^u r\gh pa/ure-l& w\ld be m sure ( foot ?an "o br$ on smoo? pla9s2 b t is n always ! case4 ,x is true t ! animal br$ on unev5 gr\nd le>ns to look aft] itself1 & becomes v clev] on its feet :5 ob/acles exi/1 b m\nta9-br$ horses are (t5 /umbl]s on level roads1 9 ! walk & 9 ! trot4 ,! fact is1 t sur5ess ( foot dep5ds ^u ! mann] 9 :i* ! horse ext5ds & plants its feet1 mod]ate action be+ ! safe/1 ei!r extremes ( high or l[ action1 ( %ort or long /rides1 militat+ aga9/ ! animal's agility4 ,! reason t horses /umble t5 times 9 ! walk to once 9 ! trot is because 9 ! fir/-nam$ pace ! po9t$ toe is usually c>ri$ along close to ! gr\nd be=e ! =e foot is plant$4 ,:5 ! rid] unites ! horse1 ?is defective action is obviat$4 ,dur+ ! pa/ tw5ty ye>s ,i h tak5 ?\s&s ( photographs ( ! mov+ horse 9 /udy+ ! "q ( action1 & ,i am satisfi$ t ! horse :i* plants its =e foot ) ! front ( ! ho( v]tical w /umble2 t ! horse :i* /raight5s its jo9ts & br+s ! heel to ! gr\nd fir/ w travel insecurely & slip on greasy surfaces4 ,i _h an example ( ! la/-nam$ 9 my /able1 & ! animal sev]al times turn$ turtle1 z ,i might h anticipat$4 ,fair action1 ) fairly b5t jo9ts :i* br+ ! feet ab\t flat to ! gr\nd1 ! h9d legs well "u ! mass1 is ! safe/ =m 9 :i* ! horse moves4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,h&l+ ,,! ,,"y ,,horse ,be=e ! horse c be taught ob$i5ce to ! bit & spur x mu/ g ?r\gh a prelim9>y c\rse ( h&l+1 by :i* ! man obta9s ma/]y ov] ! animal4 ,?is "w is usually call$ break+-91 & x is a matt] ( regret t x is almo/ always conduct$ 9 an unnecess>ily h>% & r\gh mann]1 ) ! result t _m horses are made vici\s1 or are 9 o!r ways spoil$1 ?r\gh ! ignorance & cruelty ( ^? :o h *>ge ( _! e>ly education4 ,a lively colt is %y1 suspici\s1 & curi\s1 easily amus$1 & z easily bor$2 by recogniz+ ^! *>act]i/ics & conduct+ 8 "w ) ref]5ce to !m1 ! tra9] w f9d success easy & agreeable4 ,aft] ! man has ga9$ ! confid5ce ( ! animal1 he w f9d t ! "y horse takes great int]e/ 9 lessons t are v>i$ & n too long cont9u$1 & !re ne$ be no resi/ances ar\s$ on ! "p ( ! pupil4 ,except 9 ! v r>e cases ( animals t are naturally vici\s1 & su* are insane1 ! tra9+ ( a horse may be c>ri$ on )\t friction4 ,! faults & vices 9 a horse usually arise f ! ef=ts ( ! n]v\s animal to avoid injudici\s re/ra9ts be=e x has be5 taught by easy /eps to yield in/9ctively to ! dem&s ( its tra9]4 ,lat] misconduct is almo/ always due to want ( firmness & decisive action on ! "p ( ! rid]4 ,! horse is incapable ( t real affection = man su* z ! dog ev9ces t[>d ! wor/ ( ma/]s2 x is ( l[ intellig5ce1 ! bolde/ ( !m be+ subject to panics1 b !re are few :i* lack a l[ craft t enables !m to take advantage ( e slip or mi/ake ! man may make4 ,a suffici5t am\nt ( "w & c>eful treatm5t w keep a sane horse /eady1 b :5 at all fre% mo/ horses are untru/wor?y if ! man's control be lo/4 ,i d n f9d x necess>y to puni% my horses2 ! :ip1 spur1 & re9s are employ$ to convey dem&s2 a h>% ^w answ]s e requirem5t = correction1 & ! animal _c res5t x z x may ! bl[s ( ! :ip or ! /roke ( ! spur4 ,! photographs ( a numb] ( ^! animals 9 my v>i\s works 9 almo/ e possible movem5t prove h[ exact is ! ob$i5ce !y r5d] "u ?is c\rse ( treatm5t4 ,:5 "s old favorite refuses to walk into a coal-pit1 or volunt>ily turns up "s well-kn[n road1 ! fond own] is too apt to confuse in/9ct or habit ) brilliant m5tal op]ations1 & place too mu* fai? 9 its good incl9ations2 b ! fact is t 9 h&l+ ?is animal we mu/ neglect its w & obta9 control ov] its movem5t by cultivat+ ! in/9ctive muscul> actions :i* foll[ ! application ( ! h& & heel4 ,i h a great admiration = ! horse1 = its beauty1 = its usefulness1 = its _m excell5t qualities1 b ,i d n p]mit ?is s5tim5t to bl9d me to its %ortcom+s4 ,"s horses are s good t !y inspire an affection :i* !y _c reciprocate4 ,s9ce ,i began ?is book ,i lo/ ,silvana1 a well-br$ ,engli% m>e :i* ,i _h own$ = eighte5 ye>s4 ,%e 0 a v beautiful animal1 ( high _s1 exact 9 all ! movem5ts ( ! mange1 & ( s k9d a disposition t %e 0 nev] guilty ( mut9\s or disord]ly conduct4 ,reg>dless ( ! treatm5t x has receiv$ previ\sly1 ! "y horse %\ld be brok5 to ride1 :5 /rong en\gh to be> ! weight ( a rid]1 by "s me?od simil> to t :i* foll[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--,,! ,,cavesson ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--,,longe+ ,,on ,,! ,,cavesson ,b fir/ ,i wi% to say a ^w ab\t ca/+ ! horse1 by :at is usually call$ ,! ,r>ey ,sy/em4 ,_m p believe t to ?r[ ! horse is a sure cure = e vice & _s ( resi/ance4 ,! fact is t a horse is confus$1 surpris$1 & humiliat$ at f9d+ itself helpless1 & ca/+ does give ! man tempor>y control :i* is (t5 a mo/ important matt]1 & may be ! beg9n+ ( ! e/abli%m5t ( discipl9e2 b ma/]+ ! horse p]man5tly _c be accompli%$ 9 a mom5t1 & unless x be necess>y to employ ! /raps 9 ! h&l+ ( a viol5t animal ,i %\ld advise aga9/ x4 ,vices1 faults1 & tricks may be rem$i$ only by c>eful tra9+4 ,i tea* _m ( my horses to lie d[n1 b1 z ,i %all expla9 lat]1 ,i d n employ any /raps or app>atus4 ,! fir/ /ep 9 break+-9 is to give "s lessons on ! cavesson4 ,?is is a head-coll> ) a metal nose-b&1 ^u ! front & ea* side ( :i* are /\t r+s4 ,to ! front r+ a lea!r longe l9e fifte5 feet long w be fa/5$1 & f ! side r+s /raps w be buckl$ to ! gir? or surc+le at su* l5g?s z w prev5t ! horse ext5d+ its nose s t ! face is mu* beyond ! p]p5dicul>4 ,! horse ?us fitt$ %\ld be l$ to "s retir$ spot :]e !re is level gr\nd en\gh = a circle ( ab\t =ty feet4 ,at fir/ ! man1 walk+ at ! %\ld] ( ! horse1 %\ld lead x on ! circumf]5ce ( ! circle1 to ! "r & to ! left1 tak+ a %ort hold ( ! longe l9e & be+ c>eful t ! animal does n get s f> ahead ( him z to h a /raight pull =w>d :i* may drag him f 8 feet4 ,f "t to "t ! man w br+ ! horse to a halt1 & require x to /& q /ill1 mak+ mu* ( x by c>esses & k9d words1 pick+ up ! feet & /rok+ x g5tly ) ! :iph&le all ov] its body & legs1 s t x w n be al>m$ at 8 future motions1 & !n cont9u+ ! progress on ! circle4 ,gradually ! l5g? ( ! hold on ! longe l9e w be increas$1 until ! horse goes ab\t ! man at ! full l5g? ( ! /rap4 ,9 ^! ex]cises1 also1 ! horse %\ld frequ5tly be br\ght to a /op1 always on ! circumf]5ce ( ! circle1 & x %\ld be work$ equally to ei!r h&4 ,! lessons %\ld be giv5 twice e day1 at fir/ = ab\t fifte5 m9utes ea*1 & increas+ ! "t until a lesson %all be ( ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r's duration4 ,color$ rugs1 :eelb>r[s1 op5 umbrellas1 pap]1 & o!r simil> objects at :i* a horse might %y %\ld be plac$ ne> ! pa? until ! horse is s accu/om$ to !m t x w take no notice4 ,"u no circum/ances %\ld ! horse be puni%$1 & ! man %\ld ex]cise great c>e t he does no?+ to make ! animal fe> him4 ,:5 ! horse w g quietly ab\t ! man 9 ! walk & 9 ! v sl[ trot 7x %\ld nev] be p]mitt$ to g rapidly71 ! surc+le may be replac$ by ! saddle1 lightly gir!d & ! /irrups loop$ up1 ! side-l9es ( ! cavesson be+ remov$4 ,!n1 at ! end ( ea* lesson on ! cavesson1 t in/rum5t %\ld be replac$ by a light snaffle-bridle4 ,! man1 fac+ ! head ( ! horse1 %\ld take a snaffle-re9 9 ea* h& & make g5tle vibrations t[>d its *e/1 s t he w give ! bit a light feel+ on ! b>s ( ! m\?4 ,occasionally he w elevate ! head ( ! horse by ext5d+ 8 arms upw>d to _! full l5g?1 !n g5tly br+ ! head ( ! horse to a natural height1 or to t height :i* he judges w be ! be/ 9 :i* ! tra9$ horse %\ld c>ry x1 draw+ ! re9s t[>d ! animal's *e/ until its face is p]p5dicul>1 & no f>!r1 & play+ ) ! bit 9 light vibrations until ! horse takes up ! play & gives a supple jaw4 ,he w also b5d ! head ( ! horse to ! "r & to ! left1 ! face v]tical1 & br+ x back to ! prop] position by ! re9s1 n accept+ any volunt>y movem5t f ! horse1 & endeavor+ to obta9 always an ela/ic resi/ance f its m\?4 ,! head ( ! horse w also be depress$ by ! snaffle-re9s1 until x ne>ly t\*es ! gr\nd1 & !n be lift$ to ! natural height4 ,all ( ^! movem5ts are ( high importance1 & all ( !m t5d to develop ! muscles ( ! neck & *e/2 b ! elevation ( ! head & its return to ! "r height1 face v]tical1 jaw supple1 b n flaccid1 produces ! be/ results 9 bitt+ & %\ld be m frequ5tly practis$ ?an ! o!rs4 ,if1 9 ^! lessons1 ! horse draws back1 x mu/ be made to come to ! man2 no good results c be obta9$ f a retreat+ animal4 ,^u "s occasion1 aft] ! longe+ & bitt+ lesson has be5 giv51 :5 !re is no high w9d to irritate ! horse & ! animal seems to be compos$1 ! man %\ld h a leg up & quietly drop into ! saddle1 hav+ fir/ tak5 a lock ( mane 9 8 left h& & ) ! "r1 9 :i* ! re9s %\ld be1 grasp+ ! pommel1 ?umb "u ! ?roat ( ! pommel4 ,he %\ld !n let ! horse walk (f = a few /eps1 hav+ a v slight t5sion ^u ! re9s1 & quietly dism\nt4 ,if1 z is v unlikely1 = ! horse w be tak5 by surprise1 ?\gh n fright5$1 ! animal makes a jump or a plunge1 ! rid] mu/ ma9ta9 8 seat1 keep up ! head ( ! horse1 & dism\nt :5 ! animal has become quiet4 ,! horse w n re> at ?is /age2 t is an accompli%m5t x le>ns f bad h&s1 & x is probable t x w be p]fectly quiet4 ,ea* day ! rid+ lesson w be l5g!n$1 & ! rid] w gradually obta9 "s control ov] its movem5ts by ! re9s & accu/om x to be> ! pressure ( 8 legs aga9/ its sides4 ,! longe+ w n[ be employ$ to give su* ex]cise z is ne$$ to keep ! animal f be+ too fre%2 & :5 ! rid+ lessons give suffici5t "w1 ! longe may be disp5s$ )1 to be resum$ if ! horse falls into bad habits4 ,b ! bitt+ ex]cises1 previ\sly describ$1 %\ld be occasionally rev]t$ to z long z ! horse is us$ "u ! saddle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--;,,elevation ,,( ,,! ,,head ,,) ,,snaffle ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4--;,,dropp+ ,,head ,,& ,,suppl+ ,,jaw ,b "o m ?+ is necess>y be=e ! horse is ready = ! high] tra9+ :i* w be describ$ lat]1 & ?is desid]atum is to confirm ! horse 9 ! habit ( fac+ ! bit1 t is1 to g =w>d aga9/ a light t5sion ^u ! re9s2 = )\t ?is ! rid] w h little or no gov]nm5t ov] its movem5ts1 z ! bit mu/ h "s resi/ance1 slight ?\gh x %\ld be1 ^u :i* to en=ce 8 dem&s4 ,:5ev] a rid] f9ds t 8 h& has no?+ to "w aga9/1 t ! horse has loos5$ its hold on ! bit & refuses to face x1 he may be almo/ c]ta9 t he has an old (f5d] to manage & t mis*ief is meant1 & w foll[ unless he c =ce ! horse up into ! bridle4 ,! horse may be/ be taught to face ! bit 9 a sl[ b brisk trot4 ,! animal mu/ n be />t$ (f too abruptly1 b ! =w>d movem5t %\ld beg9 9 a walk2 & ?is is a rule t %\ld always be foll[$1 ev5 ?\gh x be = a few /eps1 unless "s good reason = do+ o!rwise exi/s4 ,! impulse = ! trot & its cont9uance may be induc$ by a pressure ( ! rid]'s legs aga9/ ! sides ( ! horse1 or by light taps ( ! :ip deliv]$ j back ( ! gir?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--;,,b5d+ ,,head ,,) ,,snaffle ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4--;,a ,,leg ,,up ,9 a measur$1 regul> trot ! horse %\ld be ridd5 9 /raight l9es1 & 9 circles1 fir/ ( l>ge1 & aft]w>d ( decreas$1 diamet]s1 ! pace be+ ma9ta9$ by dem&+ impulses f ! h9d qu>t]s1 ! h& tak+ a light b /eady t5sion ^u ! re9s4 ,no ef=t w be made to induce ! horse to pull aga9/ ! h&1 b ! man %\ld endeavor to get j t resi/ance by :i* he may direct ! animal4 ,x does n really matt] if ! jaw ( ! horse does get a little rigid2 t c be s(t5$ by ! bitt+ ex]cises & by future lessons1 b ! horse mu/ g into ! bridle4 ,9 turn+ to ei!r h& ! inside re9 w direct ! movem5t1 ! out] re9 measur+ & controll+ ! effect ( ! o!r2 ! outside leg ( ! rid] w make an increas$ pressure z ! turn is be+ made to keep ! cr\p ( ! horse on ! pa? tak5 by ! =eh&4 ,on approa*+ ! turn ! horse w be slightly collect$ betwe5 h& & heel1 & z soon z ! horse ent]s ^u ! new direction x w be put /raight & ! aids w act z be=e4 ,to br+ x to a halt1 ! legs ( ! rid] w close aga9/ ! sides ( ! horse2 he w !n lean back slightly & raise 8 h& until ! horse comes to a walk1 & 9 ! same mann] he w br+ x to a /op4 ,! h& w !n release ! t5sion ^u ! re9s & ! legs be )drawn f ! sides ( ! horse4 ,to g =w>d1 ! rid] w fir/ close 8 legs aga9/ ! sides ( ! horse & meet ! impulses s procur$ by su* a t5sion ^u ! re9s z w induce ! horse to g =w>d 9 a walk4 ,s1 to dem& ! trot1 ! increas$ impulses w fir/ be dem&$ f ! cr\p1 to be met & measur$ by ! h&4 ,x is an inv>iable rule1 at ?is /age & 9 e /age1 t 9 go+ =w>d1 backw>d1 or to ei!r side1 ! rid]'s legs w act be=e ! h& to procure ! desir$ impulses4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,pur*ase1 ,,! ,,c>e1 ,,& ,,! ,,sale ,,( ,,! ,,saddle-,,horse ,:e!r x has be5 procur$ by rap9e1 pur*ase1 gift1 or devise1 ! own] ( a really good saddle-horse has some?+ f :i* he may d]ive mu* pleasure & satisfaction4 ,nor is su* an animal s r>e z ! late ,edmund ,tatt]sall sugge/$1 :5 he gave x z 8 op9ion t a man might h "o good horse 9 8 lifetime1 b c]ta9ly no m4 ,almo/ any horse ( good temp]1 safe action1 & suffici5t /r5g? may be made pleasant to ride4 ,alidor 0 a small c>t-horse1 l[ at ! %\ld]1 ) a rigid jaw & a co>se head1 b he became a *>m+ hack1 & ,i employ$ him = ! photographs ( ! fir/ edition ( ,mod]n ,horseman%ip4 ,i b\ght him z a ?ree-ye>-old1 z an exp]im5t2 & :5 he 0 f\r ! bre$] came to see him & gave me a writt5 /atem5t t1 s great 7 ! *anges made 9 appe>ance & action by ! cali/h5ics ( 8 education1 ! animal c\ld h>dly be recogniz$4 ,( c\rse a man on ! look\t = a horse w make an (f] = a desirable animal :]ev] x may be f\nd1 b ! mo/ satisfactory mode ( proc$ure is to g to "s reputable deal]4 ,i h b\ght horses f deal]s 9 _m p>ts ( ?is c\ntry & 9 ,engl&1 ,france1 ,g]many1 & o!r p>ts ( ,europe1 & ,i h f\nd !m desir\s ( pleas+ & z hone/ z _! neighbors4 ,i once b\ght a little horse f a trad] 9 ,frank=t-on-!-,ma91 :o told me t ,i 0 gett+ a good b>ga91 & t 9 case ,i ev] wi%$ to dispose ( x he w\ld l to h a refusal4 ,:5 ,i 0 ready to sell1 ,i s5t ^w to ! deal] t a fri5d _h (f]$ me a fair advance ov] ! price ,i _h paid1 & to my surprise he appe>$ & )\t remon/rance gave me ! am\nt my fri5d _h nam$4 ,i ne$ h>dly say ! horse 0 a good "o1 s ,i _h be5 well treat$ all r\nd4 ,mu* ( ! friction betwe5 pur*as] & deal] is usually due to ! mann] 9 :i* ! =m] conducts 8 "p ( ! b>ga94 ,x is n agreeable to a fair-m9d$ man to be approa*$ z ?\gh he 7 a sw9dl]1 to be (f]$ "o-half ( ! price he has set on 8 prop]ty1 & !n p]haps to h a s\nd horse return$ because ! buy] did n "k :at he want$4 ,i d n wi% to be und]/ood z say+ t all deal]s are hone/2 ,i h se5 too _m :o w\ld n g /raight2 b x is reasonable to suppose t mo/ m5 9 a l>ge way ( bus9ess1 :o h reputations = hone/ deal+s to ma9ta91 w d "r by a cu/om]4 ,x is a mi/ake = an ignorant pur*as] to take a kn[+ fri5d ) him = protection2 ?is w1 9 ! eyes ( ! deal]1 relieve him 9 a great measure ( responsibility4 ,if ! fri5d is really a good judge1 x is f> bett] to let him act alone1 :5 he w be consid]$ a cli5t & n an int]lop] try+ to crab a sale1 & !re=e free to deceive himself & 8 companion4 ,"s deal]s w n give a w>ranty ( s\ndness1 & a w>ranty is too (t5 ! cause ( disputes & ( actions at law to make x advisable ei!r to give or to dem& "o4 ,a vet]9>y exam9ation & a %ort trial mu/ suffice4 ,sometimes ! sell] requires t ! trial %all take place f 8 y>ds1 to avoid ! risk ( injury to valuable animals & t blackmail s commonly levi$ by head grooms & /ablem54 ,9 cases :]e ! deal] object$ to s5d+ 8 horse to ano!r's /ables1 ! au?or has be5 9 ! habit ( (f]+ a fair sum ( money = ! privilege1 ! am\nt to g on ! price ( ! horse %\ld ! sale be effect$2 & ?is proposal has usually be5 acceptable4 ,:]e a trial has be5 all[$1 or ev5 :]e ! pur*ase has be5 made1 if an indiff]5t horseman1 recogniz+ 8 defici5cies1 wi%es to assure himself ( ! wisdom ( ! /ep he is tak+1 let him place a cold saddle ^u ! horse :5 x is fre%1 & imm$iately m\nt & g ^u ! road4 ,if ! animal does n buck or %y1 & goes fairly well1 albeit a little gay1 x is a prize n to be disda9$4 ,_m horses1 ev5 ) /all c\rage1 w g quietly if ! saddle be w>m$ by half an h\r's contact ) _! backs1 b w plunge or buck if ! rid] m\nts a saddle fre%ly gir!d4 ,if a fre% horse w /& ! ordeal ( a cold panel1 x w n be apt to misbehave "u o!r trials4 ,( c\rse ! confid5t rid] w make 8 essay z soon z ! horse comes into 8 possession1 & if ! new pur*ase does n come up to 8 expectations1 he w hope t 8 skill may rem$y ! faults he discov]s4 ,to g to ! bre$] implies a j\rney1 to f9d (t5 only "y horses t are n ?or\ghly tra9$ & almo/ always unus$ to ! sights & s\nds ( traffic1 _m ( :i* are fe>some to a c\ntry-br$ horse4 ,on ! o!r h&1 on su* a visit1 ! prospective pur*as] has a bett] opportunity ( exam9+ ! animals (f]$ = sale1 & f a k ( ! p$igrees & an exam9ation ( ! prog5itors he w be able to =m "s idea ( :at may be expect$ 9 ! way ( temp]am5t & developm5t2 & x w be a satisfaction to h a fix$ price1 al?\gh x may n be a l[ "o4 ,"s ( ! bre$]s 9 ,k5tucky1 ,ill9ois1 & ,miss\ri1 & p]haps 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 d n s5d _! /ock to m>ket until ! animals are ?or\ghly & admirably tra9$2 & = a man :o purposes mak+ 8 own horse1 no?+ bett] c\ld be f\nd ?an "o ( ! highly br$ y\ng/]s f ! ,blue ,grass region4 ,9 ! foll[+ *apt] a few ( ! /ock f>ms devot$ to ! bre$+ ( high-class saddle-horses are describ$4 ,!re rema9s1 z s\rces ( supply1 ! auction1 ! fri5d :o has a good horse :i* he is will+ to dispose (1 & ! /able ( ! g5tleman :o is break+ up 8 e/abli%m5t previ\sly to a ,european trip4 ,x has n[ become a cu/om to s5d v valuable high-class horses to ! auction block1 & if a man is look+ = some?+ t has already prov$ its sup]iority 9 ! %[-r+1 he may (t5 f9d x 8 prop]ty by nodd+ to ! auctione]4 ,b1 aside f ! fact t su* an animal has probably rea*$ its climax1 & t ! same exp]i5c$ c>e is dem&$ to ma9ta9 its condition1 x is n advisable = a man to pur*ase su* a horse except = exhibition purposes4 ,9 ! h&s ( a poor or ev5 ( a mod]ately good horseman1 ! animal w rapidly det]iorate1 = x w be tra9$ beyond 8 skill2 & no rid] :o wi%es to h a com=table m\nt %\ld acquire a horse t has _h an education beyond ! /age ( be+ really quiet to ride1 = he may !n br+ ! animal up to 8 requirem5ts1 :atev] may be ! measure ( 8 dext]ity4 ,z = ! inf]ior grades ( horses (f]$ "u ! hamm]1 x is bett] to leave !m to exp]ts4 ,nei!r ! horse ( a fri5d1 nor t (f]$ by ! cop] :o hires a private /able f :i* to entrap ! unw>y1 is to be recomm5d$4 ,su* deal+s br+ sorr[4 ,! ,ideal ,saddle-horse6 ,any man ) a tra9$ eye & e> %\ld be able to recognize x among a h]d ( o!rs4 ,its sat9 robe %\ld be ( a *e/nut1 bay1 or br[n color1 ) a silv] /> on ! =ehead4 ,x %\ld h a f9e1 ?9 mane1 & a tail j heavy en\gh to set (f ! haun*es4 ,x %\ld be ( a /ature ( no m ?an #ae h&s at ! )]s1 nev] m ?an an in* less ?an t height2 ( symmetrical =m1--if any?+ appe>s to be wrong1 x is wrong1--) a broad1 flat =ehead1 a face nei!r concave nor convex1 a small muzzle ) no/rils t c dilate until !y %[ ! fire )91 :ile s(t hazel eyes beam =? brightly & k9dly4 ,its po9t$ e>s1 beautiful 9 =m1 are set f> ap>t1 & by _! motions express ! moods ( ! vivaci\s animal4 ,! legs1 well muscl$ above1 clean & h>d bel[ ! knees1 are truly plac$ "u ! mass1 ! driv]s capable ( propell+ ! weight ( horse & man ) vigor1--! =e legs giv+ no sugge/ion t ! body is lean+ =w>d1 ! h9d legs hav+ no appe>ance ( buttress+ up ! body4 ,! cre/ is m>k$1 b n too /rongly1 & ! muscles bel[ x play l %ad[s z ! animal pr\dly ar*es its tap]+ neck1 :i* buries itself 9 broadly div]g5t jaws4 ,! %\ld] slopes re>w>d 9 su* a mann] z to make ! back seem %ort] ?an x really is1 :ile ! g5tle dip ( ! saddle-place invites "o to m\nt4 ,its ability to spe$ "u weight is evid5c$ by a deep1 broad *e/1 its muscul> ?ighs1 its well cov]$ limbs1 & ! /rong sp9e :i* ends 9 a dock fairly c>ri$ f a ne>ly level cr\p4 ,! ho(s are ( exactly ! "r size1 ! slope con=m+ to t ( ! spr+y pa/]ns1 po9t+ /raight =w>d1 & ) level be>+s4 ,its paces %\ld be smoo?1 ev51 & regul>1 f\r rhy?mic beats 9 ! walk1 ?ree 9 ! controll$ gallop1 two 9 ! trot1 :ile ! action %\ld only be high en\gh = safe & graceful movem5ts1 ! /ride n long en\gh to affect ! animal's agility4 ,! temp] %\ld be bold1 be bold b n too bold1 unaccu/om$ objects ar\s+ ! horse's curiosity r ?an its fe>s1 :ile ?is mettle is dom9at$ by ! rid]'s h& z x ev] f9ds j t t5sion ^u ! re9s t x w\ld meet 9 b5d+ ! end ( a will[ bran*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4--,,silvana ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4--,,montgom]y ,,*ief ,:ile skill 9 horseman%ip & ! possession ( a good horse are to be highly consid]$1 all ! pleasures ( rid+ are n conf9$ to ! exp]t ) 8 spl5did m\nt4 ,_m m5 :o are nev] able to atta9 ev5 tol]able pr(ici5cy 9 ! art get a great am\nt ( recreation & satisfaction 9 ! ex]cise4 ,! au?or has a fri5d :o1 late 9 life1 & :5 8 figure _h develop$ beyond ! /age :]e a secure seat might be practicable1 0 accu/om$ to place himself on ! back ( a quiet pac+-m>e1 9 "o ( ^? saddles ) a t[]+ horn on ! pommel & a fair-siz$ p>apet on ! cantle4 ,?us equipp$1 he pass$ _m happy h\rs 9 go+ :]ev] ! /eady b head/rong ,belle 0 incl9$4 ,:5 ! m>e br\ght =? "s ?ree-corn]$ prog5y f regi/]$ sires1 h] own]'s delight 0 unb\nd$1 = he 0 !n a bre$] z well z a horseman4 ,no e/imate c be made ( ! real value ( a rid+-horse1 or :at a horse = a specific purpose %\ld co/2 ^! dep5d on ! man & ! horse4 ,a really satisfactory1 confid5tial animal is wor? :atev] ! man feels t he is able to pay1 ev5 to half 8 realm4 ,a horse t co/s no m ?an a hundr$ doll>s at f\r or five ye>s old may be made by c>e & tra9+ ( great intr9sic value2 :ile o!r animals1 ^: beauty & /rik+ action h sold !m = ?\s&s ( doll>s1 may be de> at any price4 ,a good horse %\ld br+ a fair price1 b ! pur*as] %\ld be c]ta9 t he is pay+ = ! horse1 & n = ! privilege ( see+ x well ridd5 by an exp]t4 ,except :]e horses are br$ 9 su* numb]s t ! co/ ( ! keep ( ea* is mu* r$uc$1 !re w be v little *ange com+ to ! bre$] out ( ! few hundr$ doll>s t he gets = a f\r-ye>-old ( "s quality4 ,! exceptional colt :i* br+s an exceptional price puts up ! av]age ( pr(it1 b x is to ! deal] t ! long price usually goes4 ,:5 "o sees ! wret*$ cab9s1 call$ boxes1 hot 9 summ]1 draughty 9 w9t]1 9 :i* horses are kept on _m ( ! bre$+ f>ms1 & ev5 on "s ( ! race-c\rses1 x is a matt] ( wond] t heal? & condition ( ! /ock c be ma9ta9$ "u su* circum/ances4 ,exposure to ! inclem5cy ( ! wea!r1 h[ev]1 is bett] ?an ! pamp]+ :i* city horses usually f9d 9 close & ov]heat$ /ables4 ,! /able %\ld be reasonably w>m 9 w9t] & z cool 9 summ] z may be1 ?or\ghly v5tilat$1 )\t draughts1 & ) good dra9age4 ,! light %\ld be admitt$ f ! re> ( ! /alls2 c]ta9ly a horse %\ld n /& fac+ a ne> w9d[ on a level ) its head4 ,a gangway %\ld be 9 ! front ( ! /alls z well z 9 ! re>1 & ! horse %\ld be f$ ?r\gh an op5+ ab\t sixte5 in*es wide 9 ! front ( ! /all4 ,?is n>r[ op5+ w be b5eficial to ! sight ( ! horse1 & ! animal _c fight its neighbors4 ,= m ?an half a c5tury ! home /able ( ! au?or has _h su* an arrangem5t1 :i* prov$ p]fectly satisfactory4 ,9 t /able !re 7 two r[s ( /alls fac+ a middle gangway4 ,except = sick or we>y horses1 ! /all is bett] ?an ! loose box2 9 ! =m]1 /able discipl9e is bett] kept up4 ,9 a loose box an idle horse is apt to become too playful1 & horse-play too (t5 deg5]ates into some?+ worse1 su* z bit+ & kick+4 ,! floor ( ! /able %\ld be ( h>d bricks1 or ( "s comb9ation ( asphalt4 ,! dra9age %\ld be to ! re> ( ! /alls1 ) a v slight slope4 ,if ! dra9s are made "u ! horse1 ! slopes are multipli$ & ! incl9es are great] ?an 9 ! l5g? ( ! /alls4 ,always ! horse %\ld h an abundance ( dry /raw1 & = ! night ?is %\ld be r5ew$ or re>rang$1 s t ! animal %all h a s(t1 dry b$4 ,! food %\ld be v>i$1 ! quantity dep5d+ ^u ! size ( ! horse1 ! "w dem&$ ( x1 & its appetite & dige/ion4 ,= a horse #ae h&s high1 ! size 9 :i* agility & suffici5t /r5g? are usually f\nd1 t5 to twelve p\nds ( oats & ! same quantity ( hay %\ld be giv5 daily 9 ?ree portions1 :5 9 h>d "w4 ,:5 ! horse is m]ely ex]cis$1 f\r or five p\nds ( oats & six p\nds ( hay w be suffici5t4 ,:5 x is f\nd t a horse does n clean out its mang]1 ! fe$ %\ld be r$uc$4 ,9 addition to ! oats & hay1 ! horse %\ld h a few c>rots two or ?ree times a week1 occasionally an apple1 & a /eam$ ma% ( bran & cru%$ oats ab\t once a week1 z an ap]i5t1 giv5 pref]ably on ! eve ( "s day ( re/4 ,dur+ ! spr+ & summ] ! animal %\ld h a h&ful ( fre% grass1 n clov]1 e day2 b n m ?an a good h&ful1 = a l>g] quantity might br+ on "s inte/9al tr\ble1 :]eas ! titbit is greatly appreciat$ & is highly b5eficial4 ,^! da9ties w be receiv$ ) a good grace f ! ma/] & w enc\rage fri5dly relations betwe5 horse & man4 ,salt %\ld be giv5 9 v small quantities two or ?ree times a week1 & ! horse %\ld h a frequ5t supply ( pure1 un*ill$ wat]1 giv5 "s "t be=e meals2 if x is (f]$ f\r or five times a day1 x w n be too (t54 ,! horse %\ld be out ( ! /able1 except 9 v inclem5t wea!r1 = at lea/ two h\rs e day2 eight h\rs ( sl[ "w1 ) a halt = re/ & refre%m5t aft] ! fir/ ?ree h\rs1 is n too mu* = a horse 9 good condition4 ,dur+ ! ,civil ,w>1 ,g5]al ,john ,morgan1 aft] two weeks ( sev]e campaign+1 m>*$ 8 cavalry comm&1 )\t dism\nt+1 a di/ance ( n9ety-f\r miles 9 ab\t ?irty-five h\rs4 ,_m ( ! horses ( ,k5tucky bre$+ p]=m$ ?is "w )\t fl9*+1 & 7 call$ ^u to d fur!r duty )\t respite4 ,not)/&+ ! vigor ) :i* ,g5]al ,morgan conduct$ ?is raid into ,ohio1 he 0 ov]tak5 by ,g5]al ,hobson aft] tw5ty-"o days ( h>d m>*+1 9 :i* a di/ance ( ab\t sev5 hundr$ & fifty miles 0 cov]$4 ,on a previ\s occasion ,g5]al ,morgan m>*$ 8 cavalry n9ety miles 9 ab\t tw5ty-five h\rs4 ,"u some:at simil> circum/ances ! exig5cies ( ! s]vice h on occasion requir$ ! au?or to rema9 9 ! saddle1 ) b mom5t>y dism\nt+1 if any1 = f sixte5 to eighte5 h\rs1 sometimes rid+ at ! gallop1 & ! horse1 a ?or\ghbr$ by ,albion1 nev] exhibit$ di/ress4 ,nor w he ev] =get t1 on ! fir/ day ( ,janu>y1 #ahfc1 he rode a little mu/ang f daylight until midnight1 )\t leav+ ! saddle1 except :5 ! horse fell1 twice ^u a fro/y hillside & once on a bit ( corduroy road4 ,b su* dem&s ^u ! endurance ( a horse1 &1 if ,i may say x1 ( ! man1 are n unusual 9 active milit>y s]vice4 ,a horse %\ld nev] be /ruck or o!rwise puni%$ 9 ! /able1 & ! fir/ exhibition ( cruelty on ! "p ( ! groom %\ld be ! cause ( 8 dismissal4 ,! currycomb %\ld be us$ only = clean+ ! bru%1 & nev] %\ld be appli$ to ! sk9 ( ! horse2 b s great is ! temptation to use x on a mud-cov]$ animal t x is bett] to aboli% ! in/rum5t4 ,a :alebone mud bru%1 a /rong /raw bru%1 a smoo?+ bru%1 a s(t cotton clo?1 & sev]al good sponges1 toge!r ) "s wisps ( clean /raw1 %\ld be ! only articles ( ! toilet4 ,! face & no/rils1 ! dock1 & o!r hairless p>ts ( ! horse %\ld be wa%$ daily2 b1 except to cleanse sores or = wet b&ages1 wat] %\ld nev] be put ^u ! legs ( ! horse4 ,tight b&ages are p]missible only :5 appli$ by a skill$ groom1 or "u ! ord]s ( a vet]9>y surgeon4 ,massage1 rubb+ ! legs ( ! horse ) ! h& d[nw>d1 %\ld take ! place ( b&ages except :5 support is really ne$$1 & !n ! advice ( ! pr(essional %\ld be call$4 ,:5 a horse comes 9 f a h>d day's "w1 cov]$ ) mud1 dry s]ge b&ages may be loosely put on ! legs :ile ! o!r p>ts ( ! body are receiv+ ! s]vices ( ! rubb]4 ,by ! "t t ! body ( ! horse is clean ! mud ^u ! legs w h dri$1 &1 ! b&ages be+ remov$1 ! dirt may easily be bru%$ out1 a good h&-rubb+ foll[+4 ,! ho(s %\ld !n be clean$ out & wa%$1 & ! horse be plac$ 9 its /all knee-deep 9 /raw4 ,%\ld a horse be br\ght 9 late & really done up by its "w1 x w be bett] to give x a pail ( w>m gruel1 rub dry ! saddle-place1 & turn x into a w>m box-/all at once1 )\t annoy+ x ) ! bru%+ & h&l+ t w\ld be necess>y to clean x ?or\ghly4 ,no we>y horse1 no matt] h[ dirty x may be1 has ev] be5 ! worse = a few h\rs ( complete re/ "u su* circum/ances1 = ! quiet w be ( f> m importance ?an ! dress+4 ,b ?is c\rse %\ld be foll[$ only "u ! directions ( ! ma/]1 :o %\ld always see t 8 ov]work$ horses get ! att5tion !y require1 if he does n sup]9t5d ! g5]al /able "w f "t to "t z he %\ld4 ,:5 ! hairs ( ! tail require clean+1 x is well to use pl5ty ( un*ill$ wat]1 pretty well saturat$ ) salt1 wa%+ ! dock also ) ! solution2 & ?is %\ld be us$ :5ev] ! horse %[s a disposition to rub its tail aga9/ ! side ( ! /all ,! horse %\ld be dress$ 9 "s cov]$ place t is %ut (f f ! /alls2 & ! own] %\ld1 occasionally at lea/1 look 9 on 8 horses :5 !y are be+ dress$ & at fe$+ "t2 & %\ld he f9d t he is n ma/] ( 8 own /ables1 he %\ld *ange 8 groom or give ov] keep+ horses4 ,?is page is be+ writt5 :ile ! !rmomet] is play+ ab\t z]o & a cold nor? w9d is blu/]+ r\nd ! corn]s ( ! h\se1 :i* /ate ( affairs sugge/s t1 :5 x c be af=d$1 x is exp$i5t to h a cov]$ ride 9 :i* horses may be ex]cis$ & tra9$ 9 /ormy wea!r4 ,an area #ce feet by #gj feet is q l>ge en\gh = twelve or m horses1 & ! _m turns & b5ds requir$ by ! limit$ space w improve ! horses !re9 ex]cis$ 9 e p>ticul>4 ,!n ! o!rwise we>y days ( w9t] may be made enjoyable to ! horseman by musical rides1 = _m pretty & intricate figures may be =m$ by t5 or twelve rid]s4 ,my rid+-h\se is #bh feet by #fj1 & x is q l>ge en\gh = my purposes1 z ,i always "w my horses s+ly & )\t an att5dant4 ,9 ,london ,i saw ,corrad9i tra9+ a mange horse 9 ! gangway ( a /able1 beh9d a r[ ( /alls2 he _h a space ( ab\t #h feet by #cj4 ,i believe t ! horse 0 nev] gallop$ until x 0 ridd5 9 public 9 ! circus r+1 b ! s*ool+ x _h receiv$ made x fit = any movem5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--,,rid+-,,h\se ,,( ,,! ,,au?or ,a little /udy & a little exp]i5ce %\ld tea* a man mu* reg>d+ ! %oe+ ( 8 horse4 ,if ! animal has true & level action1 x %\ld h light irons all r\nd4 ,if x %ambles1 or if ! /ride is too conf9$1 ! weight ( ! %oes %\ld be increas$4 ,! upp] surface ( ! iron1 :i* comes next to ! ho(1 %\ld be flat2 ! l[] surface may be bevell$ f ! outside1 or h a groove 9 :i* ! holes = ! nails are pun*$4 ,! h9d %oes %\ld h v small calks1 ! toes be+ correspond+ly ?ick5$ to give a level be>+4 ,only s mu* ( ! cru/ or wall ( ! ho( %\ld be remov$ z w give ! foot a level be>+1 keep+ ! toe /raight & ! face ( ! ho( ) ! slope :i* con=ms to t ( ! pa/]n4 ,! b>s at ! heels %\ld n be cut away1 except ^u ! recomm5dation ( a vet]9>y1 & ! frog & sole %\ld h no?+ remov$ f !m beyond ! loose flakes t %[ !mselves z ^? p>ts are r5ew$4 ,! %oe %\ld !n be made to fit ! prep>$ ho(1 & fa/5$ by no m ?an five nails1 ?ree on ! outside qu>t]1 two on ! inside1 ! protrud+ ends ( ! nails be+ cut (f & ! expos$ po9ts cl9*$4 ,! out] wall ( ! ho( mu/ n be rasp$ or scrap$4 ,turn$-9 toes or toes turn$ out may be produc$ by bad %oe+1 or1 :5 natural mal=mations1 be mitigat$ m or less by good "w1 a glance at ! foot %[+ :at is requir$ 9 ea* case4 ,s bru%+1 int]f]+1 ov]rea*+1 =g+1 b[$ t5dons1 & _m o!r disord]s may be produc$ or prev5t$4 ,no horse %\ld be s5t to ! =ge unatt5d$ unless ! smi? is a ma/] ( 8 craft1 a :ite blackbird4 ,= ice-cov]$ roads & = slipp]y asphalt /reets1 ,i h f\nd no %oes equal to ,dryd5's rubb] pads4 ,:5 x is no long] advisable to reta9 a horse1 x w usually be f\nd t a satisfactory sale is ev5 m difficult ?an a satisfactory pur*ase4 ,! say+ fir/ loss is be/ applies 9 ?is case ) =ce4 ,if a deal] w n take ! animal1 x is bett] to s5d x to ! auction block ?an to hold on indef9itely = a *ance buy]4 ,if ! sell] desires to keep 9 t\* ) ! horse & to be kept in=m$ ( its future1 he w give a w>ranty4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,"s ,,saddle-,,horse ,,/ock ,,f>ms ,) ,lex+ton1 ,k5tucky1 z a c5tre "o may1 ) a radius ( ?irty miles1 describe a circumf]5ce :i* w embrace m f9e horses ?an any area ( l ext5t ^u ! globe4 ,"h is ! home ( ! ,am]ican saddle-horse1 a well-br$ animal t has no sup]ior = pleasure rid+4 ,!re 7 good saddle-horses 9 ,k5tucky be=e ,d5m>k1 ,h$ge=d's celebrat$ son1 made 8 appe>ance2 b x 0 l>gely to ! influ5ce ( ?is /allion ^u suitable /ocks t ! sup]b animals n[ "u consid]ation owe _! exi/5ce1 = few1 if any1 ( ^! horses are )\t "s /ra9s ( ,d5m>k blood1 ev5 a slight infusion seem+ to h great effect4 ,f ,k5tucky ^! saddle-horses h f\nd _! way into ,ill9ois1 ,miss\ri1 ,t5nessee1 & o!r /ates1 & h always met ) appreciation = _! excell5t qualities4 ,! graz+ region ( c5tral ,k5tucky has a g5tly undulat+ surface1 wat]$ ) pretty /reams & artificial lakes2 on e h& are groves ( noble trees 9 suffici5t numb] to div]sify ! l&scape2 & a c>pet ( ri* gre5 turf is spread ov] ! gr\nd1 ev5 :]e ! %ade is mo/ d5se4 ,! climate1 ! nutriti\s food1 & ! intellig5t c>e ( man h made ^! pa/ures celebrat$ ! _w ov] = ! "* ( ! dome/ic animals !y produce4 ,)9 %ort railway j\rneys ( ,lex+ton1 ?r\gh a lovely1 smil+ c\ntry1 are a numb] ( /ock f>ms devot$ to ! bre$+ ( rid+-horses2 =1 al?\gh ! /upidity ( ! m>ket dem&s t ^! animals %all be quiet to drive1 !y are br$ on purely saddle-horse l9es1 & ! bre$] hopes t no animal leav+ 8 h&s w ev] be call$ ^u to look ?r\gh a coll>4 ,i h kn[n ( "o case :]e a f>m] ask$ ! privilege ( tak+ back a v f9e animal at ! pur*ase price r ?an see x put to h>ness "w4 ,a soldi] ?r\gh\t two w>s1 an active & effici5t p>k commission] 9 ,l\isville1 ! city ( 8 adoption1 a man ( ext5sive travel & "o prom95t 9 _m affairs1 ,g5]al ,john ,b4 ,ca/leman has felt x 8 duty1 z well z 8 pleasure1 to give mu* "t & att5tion to ! improvem5t ( ! saddle-horse4 ,emily1 w9n] ( ! fir/ premium ov] m>es ( any age at ! ,columbian ,exposition1 ,doro?y1 ) a cle> record 9 sev5ty %[ r+s1 ,matilda1 :o met defeat b once 9 fifty competitions1 & _m o!r f9e animals 7 re>$ by ?is g5tleman4 ,"s ye>s s9ce ,g5]al ,ca/leman remov$ 8 bre$+ e/abli%m5t to ,clifton ,f>m1 ,m]c] ,c\nty1 & he has rec5tly plac$ x 9 ! h&s ( 8 son1 ,major ,david ,ca/leman4 ,"h1 ^u a range ( eight hundr$ acres1 may be f\nd horses ( only ! mo/ select /ra9s1 br$ ^u l9es :i* h be5 prov$ true aft] ye>s ( /udy & exp]im5t4 ,at ! head ( ! /ud is ,cecil ,palm]1 a spl5did animal1 ( p]fect paces1 & 9 ^: p$igree may be f\nd ! names ( ,d5m>k1 ,cockspur1 ,:ip1 ,gray ,eagle1 ,v]mont ,black ,hawk1 & o!r horses ^: blood is 9 ! be/ repres5tatives ( ! saddle-animal4 ,! horses ( ,clifton ,f>m are brok5 to ride at two ye>s ( age1 & _! education is c>ri$ on v sl[ly & mo/ c>efully4 ,! foal almo/ inv>iably takes naturally to ! five gaits1 b no ef=t is made to =ce ! animal into any p>ticul> pace2 & if ! influ5ce ( "s remote trott+ ance/or exhibits itself 9 an indisposition to take ! rack or ! runn+ walk1 ! animal is n requir$ to accept su* accompli%m5ts4 ,! writ] saw ,major ,ca/leman ride ,g>r>d1 a two-ye>-old1 9 ! sl[ gallop 7or cant]71 ! complac5cy1 tempo1 & action ( :i* w\ld h be5 cr$itable to a p>k hack ( mature ye>s & c>eful tra9+4 ,inde$1 ! docility ( ^! rid+-horses1 obs]v$ ev]y:]e 9 a r ?or\gh t\r1 0 rem>kable4 ,a ride ( fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes f ,lex+ton1 ^u ! ,s\!rn railway1 w br+ ! visitor to ,pisgah1 :]e he w f9d ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,gay ,bro!rs1 ! l>ge/ f>m devot$ to ! re>+ ( saddle-horses 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,"h ab\t ?ree hundr$ *oice animals h ! fre$om ( ne>ly "o ?\s& acres ( blue-grass pa/ure4 ,at ! head ( ! /ud is ,highl& ,d5m>k1 a true type ( 8 family1 ! sire ( m prize w9n]s & f9e foals ?an any /allion 9 ! /ate4 ,at ! ,l\isville ,horse ,%[1 9 #aijc1 ! desc5dants ( ?is horse ga9$ fir/ honors 9 ! classes = two-ye>-olds1 = ?ree-ye>-olds1 = f\r-ye>-olds1 = ! be/ regi/]$ saddle-horse1 & = ! *ampion%ip 7#ajjj value74 ,he is ! sire ( ,motto & ( ,elsa1 well kn[n ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,highl& ,d5m>k is a magnific5t animal1 #af h&s 9 height1 ( spl5did =m & graceful movem5ts1 docile 9 temp]1 &1 al?\gh he runs loose & has n _h a /able door %ut 9 8 face = five ye>s1 8 beautiful d>k bay coat %9es l sat94 ,no /ock t ! writ] saw 9 ,k5tucky 0 9 bett] condition ?an t ( ! ,gay ,bro!rs1 ! foals ( ! pres5t ye> be+ p>ticul>ly /rong & active4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4--;,,g>r>d1 ,,two ,,ye>s ,,old ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--;,,c>bonel1 ,,f\r ,,ye>s ,,old ,! ,gay ,bro!rs break _! horses to saddle at two ye>s ( age2 at ?ree ye>s ( age _! education is enl>g$2 & at f\r !y are ready = pur*as]s1 & none ( !m rema9 on h& unless reta9$ = "s specific purpose4 ,s great is ! dem& = horses ( ?is class1 t bre$]s c\ld readily dispose ( m ?an d\ble ! numb]s !y c furni%1 & deal]s & o!r pur*as]s f9d x difficult to obta9 v desirable horses ( f\r ye>s & upw>d4 ,"s deal]s buy weanl+s & ye>l+s to make sure ( ! produce ( c]ta9 well-kn[n m>es1 & x is by no means a r>e case t a foal makes its appe>ance 9 ! _w1 ! prop]ty ( "s "o o!r ?an ! bre$] :o has anticipat$ its bir?4 ,! saddle-horse f>m next 9 size to t ( ,gay ,bro!rs is t ( ,colonel ,john ,t4 ,wood=d1 ne> ,m\nt ,/]l+1 ab\t ?irty miles f ,lex+ton4 ,colonel ,wood=d is well & favorably kn[n1 n only ?r\gh\t 8 native /ate1 b :]ev] ! ,k5tucky saddle-horse f9ds admir]s2 & _m ( 8 horses are sold to cli5ts :o h nev] se5 8 animals1 b :o rely ^u ,colonel ,wood=d to c>ry out _! wi%es4 ,inde$1 m ?an "o dis9t]e/$ admir] volunte]$ ! in=mation to ! writ] t ! pur*as] :o tru/$ to ,colonel ,wood=d's *oice 0 apt to f>e bett] ?an he :o made 8 own selection ) less k ( ! animal4 ,at ! head ( ?is /ud is ,=e/ ,d5m>k1 a fam\s sire4 ,!n comes ,/irl+ ,*ief1 a f9e *e/nut /allion1 well br$ & truly made1 ( vigor\s b graceful action1 exact paces1 & a k9d disposition1 half-bro!r to ,montgom]y ,*ief & to ,b\rbon ,k+1 ! two mo/ highly admir$ /allions ( _! class4 ,"h1 too1 are ,dick5s1 a beautiful horse ( a ri* br[n coat1 & ,lex+ton1 bo? ,d5m>ks on ! side ( sire & ( dam4 ,?is bre$+ is n s usual z might be suppos$1 al?\gh "o ( ! be/ judges ( saddle-horses 9 ! /ate ( ,k5tucky spoke ! g5]al s5tim5t :5 he said t a saddle-horse c\ld n h too mu* ,d5m>k blood4 ,ab\t "o hundr$ animals ( v>i\s ages1 all ( ! be/ /ra9s1 fill up ! tale4 ,colonel ,wood=d does n break 8 horses to saddle until !y are 9 _! f\r? ye>1 z he desires t !y %\ld h /r5g? & developm5t be=e !y und]go tra9+2 b _! excell5t dispositions & ! h&l+ incid5t to _! c>e make !m quiet & easy to manage & quick to le>n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4--;,,high ,,lassie4 ,,two ,,ye>s ,,old ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4--,,m>es ,,& ,,foals4 ,,gay ,,bro!rs ,five miles f ,v]sailles1 a %ort j\rney f ,lex+ton1 "o f9ds ! f>m ( ! ,ball ,bro!rs4 ,?is is ! home ( ,montgom]y ,*ief1 ! gr& horse t has fairly c>ri$ (f ! honors :]ev] he has be5 %[n4 ,9 #aijb he won ! *ampion%ip at ,l\isville1 ,na%ville1 ,indianapolis1 ,kansas ,city1 ,/4 ,l\is1 & ,*icago4 ,9 #aijc1 b>r$ at ,l\isville1 he 0 *ampion at ,kansas ,city 7#ajjj prize71 ,*icago1 ,/4 ,l\is1 & ,atlanta4 ,9 #aijd he 0 fir/ 9 8 class at ! ,/4 ,l\is ,exposition4 ,( impos+ size1 great sub/ance1 faultless =m1 gold5 coat1 pr\d c>riage1 & brilliant action1 ,montgom]y ,*ief is an admirable animal4 ,8 qualities seem too great = ev]yday use1 & he is wor?y ( be>+ an emp]or at ! head ( a victori\s army4 ,if dur+ 8 c>e] ! c\ntry _h a m beautiful saddle /allion1 x is to be regrett$ t no su* appe>ance 0 made1 & ?is horse mu/ be consid]$ ! greate/ ( 8 class & day until 8 colors are tak5 f him 9 public competition4 ,x mu/ n be und]/ood t excell5t saddle-horses may be f\nd only on ! l>ge /ock f>ms1 :]e ! selection is great] & ! *ances are great]4 ,!re is a good horse = ne>ly e hold+ 9 ! ,blue ,grass region1 & ! man :o bre$s 8 only m>e may ?r\gh good luck1 aid+ good judgm5t1 re> a ,montgom]y ,*ief or a ,b\rbon ,k+1 ! la/-nam$1 ,i may say1 be+ a "y horse select$ by _m ( ! be/ judges to be> away ! bell 9 future conte/s4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,saddle--,,! ,,bridle--,,h[ ,,to ,,m\nt ,! ,engli% or flat saddle1 is ! only "o fit = sport or pleasure4 ,x gives no tr\ble 9 m\nt+ or dism\nt+1 x is ! only =m :i* p]mits e man to obta9 ! true seat1 & x is f> & away ! mo/ com=table tree :5 a horse falls ) its rid]4 ,x is us$ by civilians ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w1 & by milit>y m5 9 _! sports & :5ev] its use by !m is p]missible4 ,inde$1 ! ne>] ! requirem5ts ( ! milit>y saddle all[ x to approa* ! ,engli% saddle1 ! bett]4 ,! tree ( ! saddle %\ld h a cut-back pommel to prev5t ! )]s ( ! horse f be+ *af$4 ,! side-b>s %\ld take an ev5 be>+ ^u ea* side ( ! horse's back1 a *annel 9 ! panel be+ made to keep ! saddle cle> ( ! sp9e4 ,! ?roat ( ! tree %\ld n be n>r[ en\gh to p9* ! horse2 if too broad1 x w n be /able4 ,! tree be+ suitable 9 o!r respects1 x w be v easy to b5d ! l[] po9ts until !y embrace ! %\ld]s snugly1 & to h a well-fitt$ saddle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4--,,/irl+ ,,*ief ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--,,/irl+ ,,*ief ,,9 ,,trot ,! /irrups %\ld be ( temp]$ /eel1 ( l>ge size & n too light1 ) ! tread at lea/ an in* 9 bread?4 ,:5 ! panel1 or "u /uff+ ( ! saddle1 has be5 f\nd to be "r1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to pres]ve x1 z x is v difficult to f9d a saddl] :o w replace x exactly4 ,a clo? ( felt or a piece ( ?9 lea!r "u ! saddle w pres]ve ! panel = _m ye>s4 ,9 places :]e ,i h f\nd x impossible to h ! panel satisfactorily fitt$1 ,i h remov$ x altoge!r1 & gir!d ! saddle ov] ?ick felt numnah1 a proce$+ :i* answ]$ p]fectly4 ,saddle-galls are always due ei!r to an ill-fitt+ tree or an ill-fitt+ rid]2 !y are prev5table1 !y %\ld n exi/4 ,! saddle hav+ be5 f\nd to suit ! horse1 ! rid] may consid] 8 own com=t & conv5i5ce4 ,x is always bett]1 :]e skilful workm5 c be f\nd1 to buy ! tree ( ! "r l5g? & h ! saddle f9i%$ to suit horse & rid]4 ,! web f\ndation ( ! seat c readily be arrang$1 be=e ! pigsk9 is put on1 s t ! dip w suit ! con=mation ( ! man4 ,! dip1 or l[e/ po9t ( ! seat1 %\ld be slight4 ,if too f> to ! re>1 x w give ! man a s5sation ( fall+ back2 if too f> to ! front1 x w ?r[ 8 body =w>d4 ,:51 sitt+ ^u 8 buttocks1 he f9ds t he ma9ta9s a p]fectly erect seat )\t re/ra9t1 x is j "r4 ,:]e saddl]s d n "k _! trade1 x only rema9s to try f9i%$ saddles until ! horse & ! man are suit$4 ,! :ip %\ld be a light1 /raight1 flexible contrivance1 ) no m ( a la% ?an a silk5 tip4 ,! use ( ! crop1 except 9 ! hunt+-field1 is an absurdity4 ,fa%ion dictates t ! :ip %\ld be held ne>ly /raight 9 ! "r h& & po9t+ across ! )]s ( ! horse2 b ,fa%ion is n a horseman4 ,z ! :ip %\ld give /rokes ^u ! =eh& ( ! horse only "u exceptional circum/ances1 common s5se dictates t ! in/rum5t %\ld be held po9t d[n1 s t x may be appli$ ) facility aga9/ ! side ( ! horse j back ( ! gir?s--! prop] place = its effects to produce increas$ impulses f ! cr\p4 ,) a woman ! rid+ rod takes ! place ( ! "r leg ( ! horseman1 & x is impossible to use x 9 t mann] if x is held across ! %\ld]s ( ! horse4 ,!re are b two bridle bits = rid+ purposes4 ,! fir/ & mo/ useful is ! snaffle1 a smoo?1 r\nd m\?piece1 jo9t$ 9 ! middle1 ) r+s1 &1 :]e x is employ$ alone1 ) *eek-pieces also on ! ends4 ,! snaffle is ! bit = ! beg9n]1 because he c d little h>m ) x2 & x is ! bit = ! accompli%$ horseman1 because 9 8 h&s x has a great range ( effects4 ,! curb-bit %\ld nev] be us$ )\t ! snaffle1 z !re are (t5 occasions :5 ! p[]s ( ! curb-bit alone are ineffectual1 & ! snaffle mu/ g to its assi/ance4 ,! m\?piece ( ! curb-bit is rigid1 ) a rais$ middle1 or port1 to give ease to ! tongue ( ! horse & to let ! m\?piece come d[n ^u ! b>s ( ! animal's l[] jaw4 ,^u ea* end ( ! m\?piece is an arm1 ! upp] bran* ( :i* has a fix$ r+ = ! *eek-piece ( ! bridle1 ! l[] bran* hav+ a loose r+ to receive ! re94 ,! l[] bran* ( ?is arm1 measur+ f ! middle ( ! m\?piece to ! middle ( ! l[] r+1 %\ld be #c in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! upp] bran*1 measur+ f ! middle ( ! m\?piece to ! highe/ "p ( ! r+1 into :i* ! head/all is buckl$1 %\ld be #a in*es 9 l5g?1 ! assum$ dep? ( ! l[] jaw ( ! horse4 ,^! measurem5ts are z ne>ly exact z may be1 to get ! effects ( a lev] ( ! second class ^u su* a yield+ & *angeable ?+ z ! head ( ! horse1 ! animal be+1 say1 #ae h&s high1 ( normal =m4 ,^u ! r+ ( ! upp] bran*es metal hooks are fa/5$1 & to ^! ! curb-*a9 is atta*$4 ,:5 ! curb-*a91 its l9ks twi/$ until ! *a9 is flat1 fits prop]ly 9 ! *9 groove ( ! horse1 directly opposite to ! cannons ( ! bit1 t po9t becomes ! fulcrum ( ! lev]1 & ! p[] be+ appli$ ?r\gh ! re9s to ! long bran*es1 ! effects are appli$ to ! b>s ( ! l[] jaw4 ,! wid? ( ! m\?piece w dep5d ^u t ( ! animal's jaw2 x %\ld n be s n>r[ z to p9* ! muzzle betwe5 ! bran*es1 nor s wide z to h an annoy+ play4 ,to place ! d\ble bridle ^u ! horse1 ! groom %\ld approa* ! animal on ! ne> side1 8 left arm c>ry+ ! bridle by ! head-piece & re9s4 ,!n1 ! /all halt] hav+ be5 remov$1 he w pass ! re9s ov] ! head ( ! horse until !y re/ ^u ! neck ne> ! )]s2 tak+ ! bridle 9 ! "r h& by ! head-piece1 s t ! nose ( ! horse goes betwe5 ! *eek-pieces1 he w raise ! bridle until ! bits are ab\t to t\* ! animal's lips2 !n1 op5+ its m\? ) ! ?umb ( ! left h&1 he w g5tly ins]t ! bits & slip ! head-piece ov] ! poll ( ! horse & see t ! e>s are free1 f9ally fa/5+ ! ?roat-la% loosely4 ,! bridle %\ld be s fitt$ t ! snaffle lies snugly up 9 ! corn]s ( ! horse's m\? )\t press+ aga9/ ! lips4 ,! curb-bit1 l[] 9 ! m\?1 %\ld re/ ^u ! b>e b>s j above ! tusks ( ! horse or ! place :]e !y are usually f\nd 9 ! male4 ,! curb-*a9 %\ld n be fa/5$ until ! rid] is ab\t to m\nt1 & a horse %\ld nev] be l$ :ile ! curb-*a9 is hook$ on bo? sides4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4--;,,d\ble ,,bridle ,,fitt$ ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4--,,m\nt+ ,,) ,,/irrups ,9 hook+ up ! curb-*a9 x %\ld fir/ be se5 t on ! f> side x is outside ( ! snaffle2 !n x %\ld be twi/$ until x is q flat & hook$ up on ! ne> side outside ( ! snaffle1 at j su* a l5g? z to lie smoo?ly 9 ! *9 groove4 ,to te/ ! accuracy ( ?is ! curb-re9s %\ld be seiz$ "u ! jaw ( ! horse & drawn t[>d its *e/4 ,if ! bit /&s /iffly1 ! *a9 is too tight4 ,if ! bran*es ( ! curb-bit come back 9 a l9e ) ! re9s or any:]e ne> x1 ! *a9 is too loose4 ,! *a9 w be f\nd to be ( ! "r l5g? :51 ma9ta9+ its place 9 ! *9 groove1 a slight t5sion ^u ! re9s gives su* a pressure ^u ! jaw ( ! horse4 ,if ! curb-*a9 be n br\ght f "o hook to ! o!r on ! outside ( ! snaffle1 x w int]f]e ) ! action ( bo? bits & w p9* ! lips ( ! horse4 ,on m ?an half ( ! saddle-horses ,i look at1 ?is important rule is n obs]v$4 ,x is ! usual & bett] cu/om to h ! horse turn 9 its /all :5 ! halt] is tak5 (f1 & to bridle x z x /&s ) tail to ! mang]4 ,!n ! horse is l$ to ! gangway & ! saddle put on2 if ! saddl+ has n be5 done "s half-h\r previ\sly1 z is to be recomm5d$4 ,9 saddl+ ! horse ! fir/ c>e is to see t ! panel is p]fectly clean & dry1 !n t ! hairs on ! back ( ! horse lie smoo?ly2 ! saddle1 ) ! gir?s & /irrup lea!rs cross$ ov] ! seat1 %\ld be lift$ g5tly on to ! back ( ! horse1 & put exactly 9 ! saddle-place1 :i* is z f> =w>d z x w rema9 fix$ & yet cle> ! )]s & give ! %\ld]s free play4 ,unless a rid] is accu/om$ to m\nt+1 & t 9 "s settl$ mann]1 x is (t5 a v awkw>d p]=mance4 ,provid$ he does n pull at ! cantle & s br+ ! saddle awry to gall ! horse1 x does n matt] greatly h[ he gets safely on ! back ( ! horse4 ,he may1 /&+ on ! ne> side ( ! horse1 ei!r take ! re9s 9 8 "r h& & ) x clasp ! pommel ( ! saddle1 ins]t 8 left foot 9 ! /irrup1 spr+ f ! ball ( ! "r foot1 &1 seiz+ a lock ( ! mane1 /eady himself until he c>ries 8 "r leg ov] ! cr\p & s s9k into ! saddle2 or1 fac+ to ! re>1 he may take ! re9s 9 8 left h& & ) x seize a lock ( ! mane1 !n1 ins]t+ 8 left foot 9 ! /irrup1 spr+ f ! "r foot1 & z he rises take hold ( ! pommel ( ! saddle1 c>ry 8 "r leg ov] ! back ( ! horse1 & :5 he has f\nd 8 seat transf] ! re9s to 8 "r h&4 ,by ! =m] mann] he w h ! advantage ( be+ able to control ! horse1 9 case x goes =w>d1 z ! "r h&1 hold+ ! re9s1 may readily be fre$ f ! pommel4 ,! latt] mode is1 p]haps1 less difficult1 especially ) a tall horse4 ,if ! animal is re/less1 ! rid] may h a leg up1 z ! jockeys d1 by tak+ grasps ( ! mane & pommel & hav+ an att5dant seize 8 left leg above ! ankle & aid him 9 ris+ to ! position f :i* he may c>ry 8 "r leg ov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4--,,m\nt+ ,,) ,,/irrups ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4--,,m\nt+ ,,)\t ,,/irrups ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4--;,,dism\nt+ ,,)\t ,,/irrups ,9 dism\nt+ ) ! /irrup1 ! rid] %\ld fir/ release 8 "r foot2 !n1 transf]r+ ! re9s to 8 "r h&1 he %\ld ) x seize ! pommel & ) 8 left h& take a lock ( ! mane2 !n1 tak+ 8 weight ^u 8 left foot1 support$ by 8 h&s1 he %\ld c>ry 8 "r leg ov] ! cr\p1 face ! horse1 & come g5tly to ! gr\nd on 8 "r foot1 f9ally releas+ 8 left foot & 8 holds ^u mane & pommel1 ! re9s be+ reta9$1 to control ! horse4 ,any man ( ord9>y activity %\ld be able to vault into ! saddle )\t ! aid ( ! /irrup or ! assi/ance ( a groom1 :e!r ! horse be /&+ or mov+1 ev5 9 ! gallop4 ,inde$1 by tak+ advantage ( ! movem5ts ( ! animal1 a man may m readily vault into ! saddle ( a horse t is n at re/ ?an :5 x is /&+ quietly1 provid$ t he c get at ! ne> %\ld] ( ! horse & secure 8 clasps ^u ! mane & ! pommel4 ,t is1 if he c get ! prop] holds1 f ! "r position1 no horse c prev5t 8 ga9+ 8 seat4 ,to vault into ! saddle1 ! man %\ld /& fac+ ! ne> %\ld] ( ! horse4 ,9 ! left h& he %\ld take a lock ( ! mane1 halfway betwe5 ! e>s & ! )]s1 &1 ) ! "r h& re/+ on ! front ( ! saddle1 he %\ld grasp ! ?roat ( ! pommel1 ?umb "u1 f+]s po9t+ to ! gr\nd ov] ! "r side ( ! horse4 ,!n1 spr++ f ! balls ( bo? feet1 he %\ld take 8 weight ^u 8 ext5d$ arms &1 c>ry+ 8 "r leg ov] ! cr\p ( ! horse1 s9k into 8 seat4 ,%\ld ! horse be plung+ or mov+1 ! man w m>k ! "t ( "s =w>d impulse1 & spr++ ) x rea* ! saddle )\t mak+ ! exact position on ! ext5d$ arms2 9 o!r words1 he w ?r[ himself ^u ! horse z x pulls him =w>d4 ,always 9 m\nt+1 by ?is or by any o!r me?od1 except t secondly describ$1 ! re9s %\ld be tak5 9 ! "r h& & held by pressure aga9/ ! pommel1 s t 9 case ( failure ! rid] w be able to control 8 horse2 :5 8 seat is secur$1 ! rid] w pass ! re9s into ! bridle-h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4--,,! ,,jockey ,,seat ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4--,,po9t+ ,,knees ,,above ,,! ,,cre/ ,,( ,,! ,,horse ,to dism\nt )\t /irrups1 ! rid] %\ld transf] ! re9s to 8 "r h&1 take ! holds on mane & pommel z 9 m\nt+1 lean f> =w>d1 &1 tak+ 8 weight ^u 8 flex$ arms1 c>ry 8 "r leg back ov] ! cr\p to ! ne> side1 & drop g5tly to ! gr\nd4 ,9 dism\nt+ f a mov+ horse--& ?is c readily be done ev5 at a mod]ate gallop--! rid] %\ld be ready to take a few /eps 9 ! direction ( progress z he rea*es ! gr\nd1 9 ord] t he may ma9ta9 8 equilibrium4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,seat--,,g5]al ,,horseman%ip ,! mo/ important ?+ 9 horseman%ip is ! acquirem5t ( a /able seat1 = )\t x n only is ! rid] insecure1 b x is impossible t ! h& %\ld act ) lightness & precision if 8 seat is s feeble t "u any circum/ances he %\ld dep5d ^u ! re9s = ma9ta9+ 8 position on ! horse4 ,:e!r x be = pleasure1 sport1 or w>1 a man has "o seat t is ! be/ possible4 ,?is is readily obta9$1 ev5 ^u m\nt+ ! horse = ! fir/ "t2 b to keep x exactly "u ! m or less vigor\s movem5ts ( ! horse requires long practice & a suppl5ess ( ! body 9 e "p1 t comes f c>efully foll[$ ex]cises 9 ! saddle4 ,! seat ab\t to be describ$ 0 t ( ! e>lie/ rid]s1 repres5t$ by ,pheidias1 describ$ by ,x5ophon1 employ$ by ! ,b$\9s & o!r ,ea/]n horsem51 :5 no cumbr\s trees ) a dip ( v>y+ p>ts ( a circle int]f]$ ) a position t 0 safe1 natural1 & rational1--! seat 9 use be=e ^? saddles :i* held ! rid] betwe5 high pommels & high cantles dem&+ a /&+ po/ure 9 ! /irrups t prohibit$ ! grasp ( ! knees & ?ighs & ! pliancy ( ! body :i* gives friction & balance to ! m\nt$ man4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4--,,seat ,,)\t ,,/irrups ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4--,,seat ,,) ,,/irrups ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4--,,lean+ ,,back ,i may say "h t ! saddletree 0 n us$ until ! ,romans introduc$ x sometime 9 ! f\r? c5tury1 & ! /irrup foll[$ 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 fir/ z an aid 9 m\nt+ & f9ally z a support4 ,! ,greeks & _! ance/ors & ! horsem5 ( ! ,euphrates ,valley rode ^u clo?s & sk9s1 )\t /irrups & )\t trees4 ,! fir/ m5tion ( ! horse t we f9d ^u ! monum5ts is suppos$ to date ab\t #chjj ye>s be=e our era4 ,! fir/ repres5tation ( ! horse is ^u a little wood5 disk n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 9 :i* two horses atta*$ to a *>iot by h>nesses t closely resemble ^? n[ 9 use are %[n2 & ?is "w is ascrib$ to ,aahmes ,i4 7ab\t #agjj ,b4,c47 & sugge/s t ! animal 0 introduc$ into ,egypt by ! ,hyksos 7possibly ,b$\9s71 z !y _h possession ( ! c\ntry previ\sly4 ,i _c f9d any repres5tations ( m\nt$ m5 e>li] ?an ! sculptures ^u ! ,assyrian monum5ts1 attribut$ to ! middle ( ! sev5? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,x w\ld seem f ! inscriptions & f hi/orical writ+s t1 bo? 9 w> & 9 ! *ase1 ! horse 0 9 v e>ly times fir/ & mo/ frequ5tly us$ 9 h>ness2 & !re c be no d\bt t 9 anci5t days *>iots 7 employ$ 9 *>g+ bodies ( ! enemy j z mod]n cavalry are us$4 ,! resid5ts ( m\nta9\s c\ntries1 ,i v5ture to say1 7 ! fir/ to use cavalry4 ,:]ev] ! anci5t rid] is %[n ^u ! monum5ts1 be=e ! introduction ( ! saddletree1 he has exactly ! seat ( ! mod]n1 ! only possible seat ^u a flat or treeless saddle4 ,! v>iations :i* appe> 9 ! seats ( mod]n horsem5 are obs]vable 9 ! positions ( ! l[] p>ts ( ! leg f ! knee d[n1 & su* may be pass$ ov] z negligible quantities1 = ! pr9ciples are ev]y:]e obs]v$2 & :ile x is d\btless bett] t !re %\ld be no deviations f ! canons ( ! art 9 any p>ticul>1 circum/ances sometimes dem& trifl+ *anges1 z :5 ! soldi]'s kit requires ! l[] p>ts ( 8 legs to be c>ri$ unduly to ! re> ( ! p]p5dicul>1 or :5 ! cross-c\ntry rid] drives 8 feet home1 to secure ! irons1 & s obta9s rigid1 ins5sible be>+ in/ead ( ! lively1 spr+y contact ( ! balls ( ! toes4 ,x is l walk+ on ! heels4 ,= ! be/ results1 t pressure only %\ld be giv5 to ! tread ( ! /irrup t w hold ! iron ) an ela/ic t\*2 any undue weight w =ce ! seat1 z c pla9ly be und]/ood4 ,?is =c+ ( ! seat is usually avoid$ by ! rid] c>ry+ 8 feet to ! re> :5 ! horse spr+s 9 jump+1 & !n he dep5ds ^u 8 true seat )\t ! aid ( ! /irrups2 :]e ?is is n done1 ! rid] does n /ick v closely to 8 saddle1 z _m ( ! photographs ( leap+ horses %[4 ,i d n say t x is n necess>y on occasion to ride ) ! feet home1 b ,i d say1 t x gives a /iff seat1 & t x %\ld only be foll[$ :5 ! necessity arises2 c]ta9ly n = pleasure rid+1 :]e t mode1 z well z ! crop1 are unsuitable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4--;,,g]man ,,cavalry ,on page #bjj ( t admirable "w1 ,horses1 ,saddles1 & ,bridles1 ,g5]al ,c>t] gives a photographic illu/ration ( ! ,am]ican milit>y seat1 :i* is an absolutely p]fect repres5tation ( ! seat ab\t to be describ$4 ,! photographs ( ! be/ rid]s ( ! v>i\s c\ntries reproduc$ "h exhibit ! same type2 & x w be obs]v$ t :]e ! mo/ viol5t ex]tions ( ! horse are to be expect$ ! saddle is ( ! ,engli% =m1 = 9 x ! friction & balance :i* insure firmness are f\nd 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,! flat race jockey is a /rik+ exception to :at has be5 said ( horsem5's seats1 & ! ridicul\s & tott]+ pose he assumes is to ?r[ z mu* ( ! weight z possible on ! %\ld] ( ! spr9t]1 9 ord] t ! driv]s ( ! h9d qu>t]s may h free play4 ,b :5 ! ,jock comes to /eeple*as+1 he l5g!ns 8 /irrup lea!r & rides l a man4 ,! man may f9d 8 own be/ seat 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 m\nt+ ! horse1 he %\ld sit d[n 9 ! saddle1 tak+ 8 weight ^u 8 buttocks1 :ile he holds 8 body erect1 ! %\ld]s held back squ>ely1 8 *9 slightly )drawn1 :ile 8 arms hang d[n loosely4 ,he %\ld !n1 )\t di/urbance 9 any o!r "p ( 8 body1 raise 8 legs upw>d & inw>d until ! po9ts ( 8 knees meet above ! cre/ ( ! horse4 ,f ?is position he w drop 8 legs sl[ly until ! inn] sides ( 8 ?ighs & ! flat inn] surfaces ( 8 b5t knees take e possible po9t ( contact ) ! saddle1 ! l[] p>ts ( ! legs hang+ )\t /iffness4 ,!re c be no "q ) reg>d to ! height & position ( ! knees4 ,%\ld !y be too high1 ! upp] surfaces ( ! ?igh w h contact ) ! saddle2 %\ld !y be too l[1 ! "u surfaces ( ! ?igh w f9d ! saddle1 :5 ! po9ts ( ! knees take ?is hold4 ,! jockey seat is ! extreme type ( ! fir/-nam$ condition1 ! armor-clad knight an extreme type ( ! latt]4 ,! l5g? ( ! /irrup lea!rs w be "r :5 ! tread ( ! iron /rikes ! heels4 ,:5 ! rid]'s feet are ins]t$ 9 ! /irrups1 x w be f\nd t )\t ef=t !y are p>allel ) ! sides ( ! horse1 & v slightly 9 re> ( ! p]p5dicul>4 ,f ?is erect position ^u 8 buttocks1 toge!r ) ! grasp ( ! knees & ?ighs1 ! rid] has ! /ronge/ & be/ possible seat t c be obta9$ ?r\gh weight1 balance1 & friction2 & f x ! upp] "p ( ! body may1 )\t affect+ 8 /ability1 be b5t =w>d or back1 or sway$ f side to side1 z circum/ances may require1 :ile ! l[] p>ts ( 8 legs are free to apply ! calf or ! heel ) rapidity & precision to ! sides ( ! horse4 ,h[ mu* ( ?is b5d+ or ?is sway+ ( ! body may sometimes be requir$ is exhibit$ by ! photograph ( ! ,italian cavalry (fic] :o rides d[n ! face ( a cliff1 or by t ( ! rid] :o makes a :eel1 or pir\ette volte1 at a rapid pace4 ,f ?is seat ! soldi] may rise high en\gh to give =ce to ! bl[ ( 8 sabre2 ! hunt] may s5d 8 feet home 9 ! irons )\t l5g!n+ ! lea!rs1 & e horseman w h ! greate/ security 9 ! saddle t 8 skill 9 rid+ makes possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4--;,a ,,pupil ,,( ,,saumur1 ,m4 ,,de ,,gisb]t ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4--,,t ,,ma/] ,,( ,,! ,,art1 ,m4 ,,de ,,bussigny ,!re mu/ be no rigidity2 f t ela/ic t\* ( ! ball ( ! foot1 ?r\gh\t 8 :ole body1 ! man mu/ be supple & uncon/ra9$4 ,/iffness 9 any "p w de/roy ! ess5tial h>mony1 & prohibit grace & ease4 ,danc+ & cali/h5ics g f> 9 produc+ t suppl5ess1 facility1 & agility s necess>y = excell5ce 9 horseman%ip1 & gymna/ic ex]cises ^u ! back ( ! horse are ( great assi/ance 9 acquir+ balance & firmness ( grip4 ,"s ( ^! m important m\nt$ ex]cises are n[ giv51 & o!rs w occur to ! man :o c>es to take ! tr\ble to ride well4 ,i may say "h t ,i "k m5 :o h be5 rid+ f tw5ty to ?irty ye>s & ?r\gh c>elessness & want ( in/ruction are b little bett] horsem5 ?an m]e beg9n]s4 ,a v quiet horse %\ld be saddl$ & bridl$ & tak5 to "s retir$ place1 if x be a bit ( s(t gr\nd !re w\ld be no h>m1 or be br\ght into ! rid+-h\se :]e !re are no o!r horses except ^? be+ us$ = a l purpose4 ,! man w !n m\nt & take ! position ( ! seat )\t /irrups1 8 arms hang+ d[n loosely4 ,he %\ld !n1 )\t di/urb+ ! position ( ! seat1 & )\t /ruggl+1 b5d =w>d until "o or ! o!r %\ld] t\*es ! cre/ ( ! horse1 rega9+ ! erect position sl[ly & g5tly4 ,he %\ld 9 a l mann] lean backw>d1 until 8 %\ld]s re/ ^u ! cr\p ( ! horse1 & !n rise z be=e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4--;,,*asseurs ,d',,afrique ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4--;,,arabs ,,9 ,,fr5* ,,s]vice ,! rid] w !n lose 8 seat1 to ! "r or to ! left1 z f> z he may )\t fall+1 & rega9 ! saddle by a twi/ ( ! body & buttocks & grasp ( ! ?ighs1 )\t tak+ any assi/ance f 8 h&s4 ,?is ex]cise is valuable 9 giv+ ! rid] ! p[] ( rega9+ 8 seat1 %\ld x be by *ance di/urb$1 )\t pull+ on ! m\? ( ! horse4 ,f ! seat be=e describ$1 ! rid] w c>ry 8 "r leg ov] ! cre/ ( ! horse1 !n he %\ld turn to ! left s t bo? legs are hang+ on ! ne> side ( ! horse1 !n c>ry ! left leg ov] ! cr\p ( ! horse1 :i* br+s 8 face to ! re>1 !n c>ry ov] ! "r leg to ! f> side ( ! horse1 & f9ally resume ! seat by c>ry+ 8 left leg ov] ! cre/ ( ! animal4 ,9 a simil> mann] ! turn %\ld be made to ! "r1 & 9 nei!r case may aid be s\ght f ! h&s4 ,none ( ^! ex]cises are difficult2 aft] m ?an fifty ye>s' "w 9 ! saddle ,i d !m ) ease1 & a boy or a "y man %\ld f9d !mselves p]fect aft] a few trials4 ,beg9n]s %\ld practise !m daily1 & no horseman :o hopes to keep up 8 suppl5ess 9 ! saddle %\ld neglect !m = any l5g? ( "t z long z he rides4 ,x is n necess>y to be a contortioni/1 nor w x answ] to be an ossifi$ freak4 ,i d>e n say h[ old a man may be & yet reta9 all ( ^? p[]s :i* make him a skilful horseman4 ,i "k _m rid]s :o are well up 9 ! sixties1 :o d n appe> to h lo/ any ( _! adroitness4 ,t ma/] ( ! art1 ,de ,bussigny1 is no long] v "y1 al?\gh no "o w\ld believe ! fact on see+ him on a horse4 ,i saw ,james ,newsome rid+ & tra9+ :5 he 0 f> pa/ sev5ty4 ,i rememb] be+ pres5t :5 t gallant g5tleman1 ,c\nt ,taub5heim1 equ]ry to ! late k+ ( ,wrtemb]g1 already pa/ n9ety ye>s ( age1 rode 9 a quadrille be=e ! pres5t emp]or ( ,g]many & ga9$ des]v$ applause = 8 admirable p]=mance4 ,we h inh]it$ f ! ,engli% _m undesirable prejudices1 among !m ! belief t no =eign] c sit a horse4 ,9 e c\ntry ( cont95tal ,europe ! majority ( m5 :o are accu/om$ to ride are ?or\gh horsem51 "s ( !m ( ! highe/ di/9ction1 because ^u ! cont95t rid+ is look$ ^u & practis$ z an art :i* requires application4 ,! ,engli% bre$ ! be/ horses 9 ! _w1 !y manage ^? 9 h>ness m>vell\sly well1 & !re are no bold] or m det]m9$ horsem52 b x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t !re are rid]s 9 ,italy1 ,g]many1 ,france1 & ,au/ria :o equal !m 9 boldness & det]m9ation & surpass ! be/ ( !m 9 dext]ity & k ( ! art4 ,! lit]ature ( ! v>i\s c\ntries be>s out :at has be5 writt5 above1 = until v rec5tly ! ,engli% works on horseman%ip 7 crude beyond belief1 & any improvem5t t has tak5 place is due to ! influ5ce ( =eign au?ors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4--;,,fr5* ,,(fic] ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4--;,,fr5* ,,(fic]s ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4--,,! ,,faultless ,,horseman%ip ,,( ,,italians ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4--;,,italian ,,(fic]s ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4--;,,an ,,italian ,,(fic] ,9 ,am]ica !re has be51 until v rec5tly1 b little int]e/ 9 horseman%ip except 9 "s ( ! ,s\!rn /ates1 & among soldi]s & ! few devot$ to polo & hunt+2 b ! horse %[s1 n[ s g5]al ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 h excit$ great int]e/ 9 ! horse2 ! rid+-s*ools (f] intellig5t in/ruction1 & betwe5 !m !re w be fo/]$1 let u hope1 a ta/e & incl9ation = good horses & rid+4 ,?is subject w be treat$ at great] l5g? 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,! ,g]man foot-soldi] is v /iff 9 8 movem5ts1 at lea/ on p>ade1 & !re is a c]ta9 /iffness ab\t ! troop] t detracts f 8 appe>ance 9 ! eyes ( ! critic1 b 8 seat is firm1 & he h&les 8 horse ) precision4 ,8 (fic] is usually a v f9e horseman1 rid+ boldly & easily & ) a k ( ! niceties ( ! art4 ,/eeple*as+ & rac+ are practis$ l>gely ?r\gh\t ! ,g]man ,empire2 !y are enc\rag$ by ! au?orities & are p>ticipat$ 9 by ne>ly all ( ! y\ng] army m54 ,e "o :o has !re witness$ ^! sports has se5 "s magnific5t examples ( ready & skilful horseman%ip4 ,i mu/ confess to %>+ ! favorable op9ion ( ! late emp]or reg>d+ ! ,g]man lieut5ant4 ,h[ he f9ds "t ) su* consci5ti\s devotion to 8 manifold duties to make 8 frequ5t & spl5did appe>ances 9 public is m>vell\s4 ,he is1 p]haps1 a little haughty ) /rang]s1 & und\bt$ly m ?an a little arrogant ) civilians1 fail+s due to 8 education1 b he is devot$ to 8 pr(ession1 a high-m9d$ g5tleman1 & brave cavali]4 ,no cavalry ev] made a bett] record ?an did t ( ,g]many 9 ! la/ w> ) ,france4 ,9 ,france1 f a v e>ly p]iod1 a widespread int]e/ 0 tak5 9 sy/ematic horseman%ip t has n abat$1 & bo? ! milit>y & civil life furni% _m excell5t horsem54 ,9 ! ,bois1 9 ! exhibitions on ! ,*amps-lyses1 at ! races & /eeple*ases ab\t ,p>is1 & else:]e1 "o may see good rid+ "u ! mo/ favorable circum/ances4 ,! troop]s ( ! ,fr5* army are less rigid 9 _! saddles ?an are ! ,g]mans1 & !y move ) a rapidity & precision t mu/ make !m a =midable =ce 9 ! attack4 ,! ,fr5* are n[ dispos$ to disav[ _! obligations to ,bau*]1 b ! fact is t all t is good 9 _! sy/ems 0 inv5t$ or =mulat$ by t ma/]1 al?\gh !y did n foll[ him ?r\gh ! useless ref9em5ts ( 8 lat] ye>s1 & all mod]n me?ods1 milit>y or civil1 are f\nd$ ^u ,bau*]'s me?od4 ,no c\ntry has furni%$ su* in/ructors 9 ! art ( horseman%ip z did ,france 9 ,pluv9el1 ,la ,br\e1 ,sollisel1 ,gu]9ire1 ,bau*]1 ,raabe1 & ,d',aure1 or ! equal ( any "o ( !m4 ,:ile ! av]age rid] ( ,italy may n surpass 8 bre?r5 ( o!r c\ntries1 ! ,italian army ( to-day furni%es ! mo/ d>+ & ! mo/ skilful horsem5 9 ,europe4 ,mu* ( ?is excell5ce is due to ! in/ruction & ex]cises ( ! milit>y rid+-s*ool 9 ,rome1 & ! admiration :i* ! feats ( ^! (fic]s h ga9$1 has ar\s$ ! emulation ( ^? 9 ! o!r prov9ces ( ! empire1 &1 x may be said1 great int]e/ among horsem5 ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,9 consid]+ ! horseman%ip ( cont95tal ,europe1 :]e ne>ly ev]ybody :o rides is1 or has be51 9 ! army1 "o's m9d naturally turns to ! milit>y2 b ?is is n s ( ,engl& :]e ! majority is ) ! civilians1 & !re we look ^u ! hunt+-field1 ! /eeple*ase c\rse1 ! polo gr\nds1 or ! pleasant ,r[4 ,! ,briti% horseman is a sportsman1 & a good sportsman1 =1 al?\gh he does n (t5 h to submit to defeat1 he takes x l a man & is ready ) equal m9d = ano!r trial4 ,8 insul> prepossessions h awak5$ s mu* animosity 9 ! m9ds ( o!r nations t !y f9d x h>d to be j to him2 & aft] all ^! ye>s ( reciprocities he is ab\t z greatly misund]/ood by ,european nations z !y are by him4 ,z a consequ5ce1 he je]s & sne]s at all =eign]s1 & !y d5y t he is a fair-m9d$ sportsman or a good horseman4 ,i am speak+ n[ ( ! g5]al public :o =m1 or at lea/ express1 national op9ions1 = x is kn[n t !re is (t5 good feel+ betwe5 ^? memb]s ( ! v>i\s nations :o meet on ! same social plane4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4--,,troop]1 ,,royal ,,horse ,,gu>ds ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4--,,t5t ,,pegg+4 ,,scots ,,grays ,an ,engli% sportsman1 at 8 be/1 is a bold1 /rong1 det]m9$ rid]1 & ?is c be said ( a great] proportion ( ,briti% horsem5 ?an ( ^? ( any o!r c\ntry2 b he despises all ref9em5ts1 & _m ?+s :i* ^u ! cont95t are consid]$ ess5tials2 he looks ^u circus tricks z b5ea? 8 notice2 ! consequ5ce is t he falls beh9d 9 a field 9 :i* he %\ld be fir/4 ,8 prim>y object 9 rid+ is to get across a difficult c\ntry1 & d x quickly1 & he succe$s2 he is enc\rag$ by 8 favorite au?ors1 :o "k no?+ beyond ?is1 to believe t no?+ rema9s4 ,i ?9k t ! obs]v] :o has se5 ! sportsman ride w be disappo9t$ ) ! horseman%ip ( ,briti% troop]s2 he w1 ,i ?9k1 see t ! (fic]s1 z a rule1 ride well & gracefully1 b t ! m5 d n ride z skilfully z !y %\ld1 _! in/ruction be+ turn$ ov] to rid+-ma/]s :o foll[ primitive regulations4 ,h[ev]1 !re c be no d\bt t ! ,briti% soldi] w always ma9ta9 t high reputation = valor :i* ev5 8 enemies grant4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,am]ican ,,horseman%ip--,,our ,,cavalry ,i h said t 9 ?is c\ntry until v rec5t ye>s comp>atively little int]e/ 0 tak5 9 rid+ except 9 "s ( ! ,s\!rn /ates & 9 ! army4 ,?is 0 n because aptitude = ! ex]cise 0 conf9$ to c]ta9 di/ricts1 = ! hunt1 polo1 & rid+ clubs1 & ! horse %[s1 n[ s g5]al ?r\gh\t ! cont95t1 are prov+ t ev]y:]e our c\ntrym5 h ! ability to make good horsem54 ,9 ! ,ea/ !re is1 = example1 ,mr4 ,foxhall ,ke5e1 :o has a _w-wide fame z a ?or\gh sportsman & a spl5did rid]2 & al?\gh he has p]haps no sup]ior among ^! !re are 9 ,new ,york & ,massa*usetts rid]s ( ! v fir/ =ce4 ,:5 ! subject ( rid+ is broa*$1 our m9ds naturally turn to ,k5tucky4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4--;,,g5]al ,,ca/leman ,f a long l9e ( good horsem5 ! ,k5tuckian inh]its a love = ! animal & a tal5t = rid+1 & f *ildhood he is accu/om$ to ! saddle4 ,8 "w 9 bre$+ & 9 tra9+ has plac$ 8 c\ntry "u a debt ( gratitude4 ,^? :o are well capable ( judg+ say t ! sight ( ,g5]al ,ca/leman ^u a *>g] ( 8 own bre$+ is some?+ to rememb]4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,railey is unrivall$ 9 %[+ ! graceful movem5ts ( a well-balanc$ saddle-horse1 & all ( 8 family are skill$ 9 ! art ( rid+4 ,^! names are m5tion$ because !y are s widely kn[n1 b !re is no "p ( ! /ate 9 :i* "o may n see t ! words ,k5tuckian & horseman are synonym\s4 ,! writ] has no int5tion ( slight+ ,virg9ia1 ,miss\ri1 & ,ill9ois1 ! fir/-nam$ ! cradle ( horseman%ip 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! latt] two rapidly tak+ prom95t places 9 ! bre$+ & 9 ! tra9+ ( ! rid+-horse1 b ! limits ( ?is "w prev5t full ju/ice be+ done to all4 ,i h no?+ b admiration = ! skill & d>+ ( ! rid]s ( ! ,we/]n pla9s1 b _! bits1 _! saddles1 &1 ,i may say1 _! horses are unsuit$ to ! uses we are consid]+1 & we c give !m only our applause4 ,colonel ,cody1 :o 0 a pony express rid] be=e ! days ( ! transcont95tal railway1 0 a bold & tireless horseman4 ,on "o occasion1 8 reliefs hav+ be5 kill$ or driv5 (f by ,indians1 he w5t ?ree hundr$ & tw5ty-two miles 9 ?irty-two h\rs ( cont9u\s rid+4 ,he is /ill a /rong & graceful horseman1 hav+ adopt$ ! milit>y seat1 & is "o ( ! be/ kn[n & mo/ picturesque figures ( our day4 ,! m5tion ( ,indians rem9ds me t !y are ! real ,am]ican horsem54 ,my acqua9tance ) ! r$ man is mo/ly ( r a vic>i\s "*1 some:at simil> to ,m>k ,twa9's p$e/rian excursions4 ,my gr&fa!r1 ,lieut5ant-colonel ,ri*>d ,cl\gh ,&]son1 #f? ,virg9ia ,cont95tal ,l9e1 w5t to ! ,falls ( ! ,ohio1 n[ ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky1 9 ! ye> #aghd1 & 0 "o ( t b& ( pione]s :o upheld & advanc$ ! bord]4 ,s9ce !n !re has be5 little or no "t :5 "s memb] ( ! family1 or close fri5d1 has n be5 9 contact ) ! ,indian4 ,:5 ! r$ man began to break & ride ! wild horse1 x w\ld be difficult to say4 ,! woodl& & bord] savages us$ horses /ol5 f ! :ites1 b ,lewis & ,cl>k f\nd ! ,we/]n tribes us+ ! mu/ang1 bron*o1 cayuse1 or :atev] ! title ( ! free horse may be1 z e>ly z #ahjd4 ,except+ ! ,coman*es & "s ( ! ,si\x1 ! ,indians1 ,i am told1 7 nei!r v bold nor v skilful rid]s1 al?\gh !y manag$ _! horses ) suffici5t dext]ity to make !m dang]\s enemies1 b !y _h no m]cy ^u _! bea/s & no s5tim5tal reg>d = !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4--,,mr4 ,c4 ,,elm] ,,railey ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4--;,a ,,rid] ,,( ,,! ,,pla9s ,! /ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates cavalry expla9s1 9 brief1 ! rem>kable effici5cy x has ma9ta9$ 9 spite ( ! disadvantages ) :i* x has be5 burd5$--s+le bridles1 %ort s]vice1 & *angeable rid+ in/ructions4 ,up to #ahfa ! corps consi/$ ( b five regim5ts1 comm&$ by ! mo/ select body ( (fic]s 9 any s]vice1 g5tlem5 :o _h pass$ ?r\gh ! be/ milit>y college 9 ! _w1 or :o 7 especially fitt$ = ! duty to :i* !y 7 assign$4 ,betwe5 ! ,civil ,w> & ! rec5t w> ) ,spa9 five m regim5ts 7 add$1 :i* 7 soon assimilat$ ?r\gh tradition & example1 & ! /ill small body ( m\nt$ m5 kept & augm5t$1 dur+ a mo/ try+ p]iod ( great battles & sev]e ,indian campaigns1 its spl5did reputation4 ,9 #ahia five m regim5ts 7 add$1 & ^! 7 readily tak5 up by ! t5 exi/+ organizations1 n[ =m+ a fair =ce :i* is a cr$it to our army1 & :i* %\ld be *ang$ only by graduat$ increase1 say ) "o or two regim5ts arm$ ) t unwieldy1 b fe>-provok+1 weapon1 ! lance4 ,be=e und]tak+ ! pres5t *apt] ,i w5t to ,=t ,riley1 ,kansas1 to visit ! ,s*ool ( ,application = m\nt$ s]vice1 to ga9 in=mation reg>d+ our cavalry1 & to obta9 photographs = ! illu/ration ( ?is book4 ,un=tunately1 ! wea!r prov$ s bad t ,i c\ld take advantage ( b few ( ! opportunities = us+ my cam]a1 s k9dly (f]$ me by ,colonel ,/eev]s1 ! comm&ant2 b 9 ! %ort1 infrequ5t p]iods ( good light ,i procur$ ! pictures :i* adorn ^! pages1 & o!rwise ,i saw mu* t 0 ( great int]e/4 ,! s*ool ( equitation1 to :i* bran* ,i gave my att5tion *iefly1 is "u ! direction ( ,capta9 ,w4 ,c4 ,%ort1 a spl5did horseman1 & bo? 8 s*ol>s & ! s5ior (fic]s spoke 9 ! highe/ praise ( ! good results :i* _h foll[$ 8 in/ruction4 ,:5 a regul>1 simple1 b complete me?od ( horseman%ip becomes g5]al ?r\gh\t ! m\nt$ s]vice1 a cavalryman may be made effici5t 9 less ?an half ! "t requir$ by less f9i%$ sy/ems :i* may be v>i$ ) ea* *ange 9 ! company comm&]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4--;,,buffalo ,,bill1 ,,colonel ,w4 ,f4 ,,cody ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4--;,,an ,,am]ican ,,horseman ,i saw a few ( ! graduates f ! s*ool ( equitation 9 su* movem5ts z a cavalryman might be call$ ^u to make1 pir\ettes1 side movem5ts1 etc41 & also 9 jump+4 ,! rid+ 0 excell5t1 & ! horses %[$ f> bett] tra9+ ?an is usually f\nd 9 (fic]s' *>g]s4 ,:ile at ! =t1 x s happ5$ t ,i saw b two troops m\nt$4 ,"o morn+ ,capta9 ,ru!r=d's troop1 ( ! ,f\r? ,cavalry1 pass$ me 9 go+ out to t>get practice1 & ,i 0 greatly pleas$ ) ! appe>ance ( ! m51 z !y bore !mselves ) easy1 graceful1 b /rong seats1 ! /irrup lea!rs two or ?ree holes %ort] ?an 9 =m] days1 & j "r to my way ( ?9k+1 :ile ! neat s]vice uni=m 0 a wond]ful improvem5t ov] ! old blue bl\se & baggy tr\s]s1--z old ,pepys w\ld h said1 a pretty sight4 ,lat] 9 ! day ,i saw a quick drill1 trot & gallop1 ( ,troop ,k1 ,eigh? ,cavalry1 "u ,lieut5ant ,george ,williams4 ,i 0 told t1 ow+ to ! int]ruptions incid5t to t>get practice1 ! m5 & horses 7 n 9 ! be/ condition = ?is "w2 b !re 0 no occasion = adv]se criticism1 & ! p]=mance comp>$ mo/ favorably ) simil> movem5ts ,i _h witness$ ) crack companies ( ,european cavalry4 ,on ano!r occasion "s ( ! m5 ( ,troop ,l1 ,eigh? ,cavalry1 "u ! direction ( ,lieut5ant ,duncan ,elliott1 gave an exhibition ( d>+ horseman%ip4 ,roman /&+ races ^u two horses1 vault+ ^u & ov] two & ?ree gallop+ horses1 /&+ ^u ! b>e back ( a horse :ile leap+ ! b>1 &1 f9ally1 ! rid+ ( horses :i* buck$ viol5tly1 7 features ( ?is ent]ta9m5t1 :i* 0 conclud$ )\t an error or an awkw>d motion4 ,visits to ! f>ri]y1 to ! s*ool = vet]9>y /udies1 to ! pack-tra91 & to ! t>gets fill$ 9 ! "t pleasantly & pr(itably4 ,on ! :ole1 "o mu/ be a v unobs]vant1 unappreciative visitor :o w\ld n be impress$ ) ! great value ( ! ,s*ool ( ,application1 n only 9 ! bran* ^u :i* ,i h t\*$1 b 9 ev]y?+ relat+ to ! m\nt$ s]vice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4--,,troop]s1 ,,f\r? ,,& ,,eigh? ,,cavalry1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg4--;,,capta9 ,,%ort1 ,,rid+ ,,in/ructor1 ,,=t ,,riley ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,h[ ,,to ,,ride--,,! ,,snaffle-,,bridle--,,! ,,walk ,,& ,,! ,,trot--,,%y+--,,! ,,cunn+ ,,( ,,! ,,horse--,,sulk+--,,re>+--,,defeat+ ,,! ,,horse ,among my e>lie/ recollections are ^? ( a ,%etl&]1 ,billy ,button1 ^u :i* ,i us$ to disport myself on ! gravel footwalk 9 front ( our h\se4 ,my *ildr51 also1 h be5 accu/om$ to horses f infancy4 ,^! y\?ful exp]i5ces are d\btless useful 9 tea*+ confid5ce &1 :at is ( equal importance1 discretion4 ,if he is n 9 t]ror ( all su* animals1 x is ! inexp]i5c$ p]son :o exhibits too mu* boldness & places himself unnecess>ily at ! heels ( a horse or ov]rates 8 p[]s ( control4 ,b a boy w nev] le>n to ride ^u a dim9utive pony or ^u any dull1 sl[-mov+ horse2 f !m he does n get ! seat t quick motions quickly give1 & 8 h& w be spoil$ by ! h>d m\? or ! no m\? ( a sluggi% bea/4 ,eight or t5 ye>s ( age is z e>ly z *ildr5 %\ld receive ord]ly lessons 9 horseman%ip4 ,x is useless to give in/ructions be=e ! *ild is old en\gh to und]/& !m or /rong en\gh to c>ry !m out4 ,inde$1 ,i ?9k t mo/ rid+ ma/]s w\ld pref] tak+ an active boy ( sixte5 or eighte5 ye>s ( age :o _h nev] be5 on a horse 9 place ( "o mu* y\ng] :o _h be5 rid+ at 8 own sweet w4 ,aside f want ( vigor1 ! latt] w\ld almo/ c]ta9ly h faults difficult to correct4 ,i advocate ! use ( ! ,%etl& or o!r small pony z an amus+ & valuable toy = v "y *ildr52 b :5 !y are old en\gh to receive in/ruction 9 rid+1 ! pony %\ld be devot$ to h>ness1 :]e he is really useful & (t5 ornam5tal1 & some?+ l>g] %\ld be procur$ = ! rid]4 ,a retir$ polo pony1 or "s quick b /eady animal ( t type1 is an admirable successor to ! ,%etl& = a *ild's rid+4 ,:5 ,i 0 a boy we us$ to get ponies f ! ,indian c\ntry1 ,i ?9k !y 7 call$ ,*]okees1 t 7 simply p]fection--pretty1 nimble1 & free f all vices4 ,m\nt$ ^u !m1 a numb] ( boys w\ld toge!r scamp] ov] ! hills1 avoid+ ! monotony ( ! roads1 to try conclusions 9 spe$1 9 jump+ logs1 l[ f5ces1 & su* ob/acles1 & 9 o!r exploits t gave firm seats & confid5ce4 ,!n1 sometime 9 ! late '#ej's1 ,h5ri ,franconi op5$ a rid+-s*ool & initiat$ u 9 ! mange1 & we began to break & tra9 horses4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh4--;,,capta9 ,w4 ,c4 ,,%ort1 ,,capta9 ,,guy ,,h5ry1 ,,lieut5ant ,,george ,,williams ,girls %\ld occasionally be plac$ ^u a cross-saddle until !y rea* ! age ( t5 or twelve ye>s1 s t !y may le>n ! employm5t ( ! aids2 b !re is no m ungraceful position t a gr[n woman c take ?an to m\nt a horse a/ride2 %e has a f> firm] seat 9 ! side-saddle1 & :5 %e is a good rid] nev] %[s to great] advantage4 ,any man may le>n to ride ) safety & com=t at any age z long z he has ! necess>y activity2 & !re are _m m5 ( =ty1 or ev5 ( fifty1 :o w\ld be able to w>d (f old age = a long "t1 & h a pleasurable1 :olesome ex]cise1 by rid+ horses t d n require too mu* skill 9 _! managem5t4 ,= "o to excel 9 horseman%ip1 c]ta9 physical qualifications & a r>e gift1 aptitude = ! art1 are requir$4 ,i h (t5 he>d ,william ,fritz ( ,/uttg>t say at an e>ly lesson1 ,t boy w nev] make a rid]1 or1 less frequ5tly1 ,ah6 "h we h a good "o2 = t exp]i5c$ tea*] soon recogniz$ ! possession ( ! necess>y adroitness or ! want ( x4 ,b ev5 :]e "o has e natural advantage1 he w nev] become a horseman )\t "s in/ruction 9 ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ! art4 ,^! h be5 =mulat$1 aft] c5turies ( exp]im5t1 & x is impossible t any "o %\ld acquire a useful k ( !m by 8 unaid$ endeavors4 ,! wor/ rid] :o ev] m\nt$ a horse imitat$ o!r1 & ( c\rse bett]1 horsem5 :5 he essay$ to get outside ( ! animal2 b he d\btless ?\ght t he 0 8 own in/ructor1 & x is ! man ( su* reason+ p[]s :o refuses to le>n4 ,we "k t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w !re 0 b "o natural rid]1 ! bro!r ( ! fir/ oy/]-eat]1 :o 9 ! dawn ( ! quat]n>y p]iod rode 8 family d9n]1 a brok5-d[n1 prehi/oric horse1 to 8 cave home4 ,s9ce t ev5t rid+ has be5 an art h&$ d[n by tradition & imitation4 ,! aptitude ( :i* ,i speak is indicat$ by suppl5ess ( ! body1 deftness ( h&s & legs1 & ! faculty ( obta9+ an und]/&+ ) ! horse4 ,rigidity 9 any "p w prev5t "o becom+ a good horseman4 ,! aids 7h&s & heels7 mu/ be appli$ ) cel]ity & precision1 & ! rid] mu/ feel :at ! horse is do+ & :at x purposes to d4 ,all ( ^! ?+s dem& long & c>efully conduct$ practice1 b _! full acquirem5t is d5i$ to mo/ m52 o!rwise we w\ld h m su* ma/]s z ,de ,bussigny4 ,f long practice 9 apply+ ! aids ! ?or\gh horseman c use h&s & legs )\t consci\s ?\ght1 & he w\ld (t5 f9d x difficult to say (fh& :at he _h done "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,8 movem5ts become z impulsive z ^? ( ! skill$ piani/1 :o me?odically t\*es ?\s&s ( keys ) su* m>vell\s rapidity t x seems impossible t 8 m9d c ev5 foll[ 8 f+]s4 ,! tra9$ horse "u ! tra9$ rid] moves at ! ma/]'s w2 ! two are "o1 x is ! c5taur4 ,! int5t is "o ) ! action1 !re is no "t = consid]ation1 ?\ght has be5 exp5d$ 9 e>ly practice & has produc$ ^? in/9ctive motions ( ! man :i* are always "r & always in/antly obey$ in/9ctively4 ,f ! fir/1 x %\ld be kn[n t rid+ is ! production by ! rid]'s heels ( impulses :i* are met1 gov]n$1 & direct$ by 8 h&4 ,!re=e ! secret ( success 9 horseman%ip is t ! spur mu/ always prec$e ! h&1 :e!r x be to advance1 to turn1 or to g backw>d4 ,if ! h& is n giv5 impulses1 x is p[]less1 & ! horse is n "u control4 ,:5ev] ! ^w spur is us$1 x indicates su* effect ( ! leg aid z ! condition requires1 :e!r x be ! pressure ( ! calf aga9/ ! side ( ! horse1 ! tap ( ! heel1 or ! prick ( ! %>p r[el4 ,! beg9n] %\ld use ! simple snaffle-bridle1 = x has a mu* wid] range ( effects ?an ! curb-bit1 & ) x he c d less damage to ! horse & to himself :5 he hangs on to ! re9s to aid 8 seat or uses m =ce ?an is requisite4 ,! in/ructions conta9$ 9 ?is *apt]1 ,i %\ld say1 are prim>ily int5d$ = ! beho( ( ! tyro1 b !y w\ld n be sup]flu\s = n9ety-n9e hundr$?s ( ^? :o fancy !y c ride4 ,! g5]al pr9ciples ( horseman%ip are s few & s simple t any "o %\ld readily ma/] !m2 aft]w>d x is a m]e matt] ( practice & aptitude4 ,x is a matt] ( surprise t s _m m5 ride1 & yet d n ?9k x wor? :ile to inve/igate ! pr9ciples ( ! art :i* !y ?9k !y foll[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei4--,,! ,,small ,,pony ,,is ,,b ,a ,,toy ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj4--,,until ,,t5 ,,or ,,twelve1 ,,girls ,,%\ld ,,ride ,,a/ride ,! rid]1 hav+ tak5 8 position ^u ! horse1 z has be5 describ$1 = ! seat1 he w take a snaffle-re9 9 ea* h&1 ! loose ends t[>d 8 ?umbs & held by !m1 ! re9s pass+ ?r\gh ! bread? ( 8 h&s1 :i* are held knuckles up1 close toge!r1 to assi/ ea* o!r1 & take a g5tle feel+ ^u ! m\? ( ! horse4 ,he %\ld !n quietly close 8 legs aga9/ ! sides ( ! horse & draw ! re9s until he has collect$ ! =ces ( ! animal1 s t x w be able to g =w>d 9 a measur$ pace & n 9 ! loose & disunit$ condition t w\ld ensue 7 x driv5 on be=e x _h be5 prep>$4 ,?is collection w be evid5c$ by ! al]tness ( ! impulses & by ! movem5ts ( its muscles1 z ! horse arranges ! be>]s to take ea* its %>e ( ! weight4 ,to advance at a walk ! rid] w increase ! pressure ( 8 legs1 or give a g5tle tap ( ! :ip beh9d ! gir?1 until he produces ! necess>y impulses1 :i* %\ld be met by ! h& 9 su* a mann] t ! horse w proce$ 9 an ev5ly cad5c$ walk4 ,! movem5ts ( ! horse are due to ! *anges ( ! c5tre ( gravity produc$ by ! impulses1 & ! legs make correspond+ *anges ( position 9 ord] t !y may support ! mass z x passes ov] !m 9 any direction4 ,z ! viol5ce & rapidity ( ! *anges ( ! c5tre ( gravity increase1 s does ! spe$ & also ! *anges 9 ! positions ( ! legs z !y are requir$ to give support4 ,?is is all v simple1 & ! rid] %\ld "k at ! />t h[ ! impulses he dem&s act1 & h[ !y may be gov]n$4 ,! l[e/ =m ( collection ( ! =ces 9 :i* ! horse may move 9 a regul>ly cad5c$ pace1 say 9 ! walk1 ! mod]ate trot1 & ! h&-gallop 7sometimes miscall$ ! cant]71 is ! /ate :i* we call 9 h&4 ,:5 ! horse hangs ^u ! bridle & %ambles along1 x is out ( h&1 & r5ew$ ex]tion %\ld be call$ = f ! h9d qu>t]s1 :i* %\ld be met & measur$ by ! bit4 ,:5 ! animal proce$s 9 free & ev5 /rides1 its head fairly elevat$1 its face ab\t p]p5dicul> to ! gr\nd1 & !re is a light1 ela/ic t5sion aga9/ ! re9s1 x is 9 h&1 & betwe5 heels & h& %\ld be kept s4 ,if a horse is out ( h&1 x is n only c>eless 9 rais+ its feet1 b ! be>]s are n mov$ rapidly en\gh = ! pres]vation ( ! c5tre ( gravity1 & s ! animal is v apt to /umble & fall4 ,:5 9 h&1 a horse goes z safely z is possible = t p>ticul> horse1 action & /r5g? be+ consid]$4 ,:at has be5 recomm5d$ above w n be accompli%$ p]fectly :5 ! rid] m\nts a horse = ! fir/ "t4 ,x is ! goal = :i* he %\ld /rive1 & :5 he has rea*$ x1 he has made good progress 9 ! art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4--,,! ,,al]tness ,,( ,,9 ,,h& ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb4--;,,9 ,,h& ,,at ,,! ,,walk ,x is :ile rid+ at ! walk t ! rid] may be/ obta9 ! seat & t ease & pliancy :i* is s greatly to be desir$4 ,x also gives him a bett] opportunity ( practis+ ! v>i\s applications ( 8 h&s & heels ?an w\ld be practicable 9 m vigor\s movem5ts4 ,a /ory is told ( a c]ta9 ma/] ( ! art1 :o1 9 reply to ! "q h[ long x w\ld take = a man to acquire a good seat1 repli$1 ,fifte5 ye>s at ! walk4 ,if ! rid] pays /rict att5tion to e detail1 ma9ta9s1 ) occasional gu>d$ relaxations1 8 position1 & /udies ! effects ( 8 application ( ! aids1 a lib]al d$uction might be made f ! above e/imate ( ! "t requir$ to acquire pr(ici5cy 9 ! mo/ important feature ( horseman%ip4 ,x is true t a man %\ld1 & probably w1 le>n some?+ ne>ly e "t he m\nts a horse1 = art is long1 b an apt pupil %\ld become a v good horseman1 )\t conf9+ himself to ! walk1 9 two or ?ree ye>s1 & be able to ride fairly 9 a mu* %ort] "t4 ,x is n to be und]/ood t a pr(ici5t %\ld nev] let 8 horse g out ( h&1 = occasionally x w be a relief to horse & man to be free f all con/ra9t2 b ?is lib]ty %\ld nev] be giv5 to a leg-we>y animal or ^u r\gh or slipp]y gr\nd1 or 9 desc5d+ /eep slopes4 ,! ,italian rid]s1 9 tak+ _! horses d[n precipit\s hillsides1 put ! animals /raight1 ! horses closely unit$4 ,9 ! walk ! rid] w proce$ 9 /raight l9es1 9 circles & curves ( v>y+ diamet]s1 & 9 turns to ei!r h&4 ,! pace %\ld be ev5 & regul>1 & ! impulses f ! cr\p kept up s t ! horse w n become heavy 9 h&4 ,! =eh& w be kept light & ! jaw pliant by light t5sions ^u ! re9s1 ) occasional vibrations made by a play ( ! f+]s ^u ! re9s4 ,a v little practice w %[ :at ^! vibrations %\ld be4 ,9 turn+ to ! "r ! movem5t w be direct$ by ! "r re91 its effects measur$ & re/ra9$ by ! left re91 :ile ! outside or left leg ( ! rid] w give an increas$ pressure aga9/ ! side ( ! horse to keep ! cr\p f sway+ out4 ,! :ole body ( ! horse %\ld con=m to ! arc ( ! pa? foll[$4 ,9 mak+ %ort turns1 ! horse %\ld fir/ be collect$ a little m closely1 & z soon z ! animal ent]s ^u ! new direction x %\ld be put /raight & be ridd5 9 exactly ! same =m z x _h be=e ! turn 0 made4 ,! turn to ! left w be made 9 ! same mann]1--! left re91 gu>d$ 9 its effects by ! "r1 dem&+ ! turn1 ! "r leg ( ! rid] keep+ ! cr\p ^u ! pa?4 ,9 br++ ! horse to a halt f ! walk1 ! rid] %\ld close 8 legs aga9/ ! animal's sides1 lean back slightly1 & raise ! bridle-h&4 ,?is w br+ ! horse to a /op 9 a f9i%$ mann]1 ) its h9d legs "u ! mass1 ready to furni% impulses = fur!r movem5ts4 ,! t5sion ^u ! re9s %\ld !n be relax$ & ! legs ( ! rid] )drawn4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc4--,,unit$ ,,halt ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd4--;,,9 ,,h& ,,9 ,,trot ,x is a rule1 )\t exception1 t :5 "o re9 or heel is appli$1 ! o!r re9 or heel mu/ be prep>$ to gu>d its effects f be+ answ]$ 9 too great a degree4 ,! walk is a pace ( f\r beats1 "o foot be+ plant$ aft] ano!r at regul> int]vals4 ,if ! "r =e foot comes to ! gr\nd fir/1 x is foll[$ by ! left h9d foot1 !n ! left =e foot is plant$1 & la/ly ! "r h9d foot4 ,!n a new /ride beg9s4 ,9 e /ride ! mass is borne by two legs or by ?ree legs2 j be=e a =e foot is plant$1 its diagonally dispos$ h9d foot leaves ! gr\nd2 at t mom5t ! two legs be> ! weight2 :5 ! =e foot is plant$1 ?ree legs be> ! weight4 ,by /ride we mean ! movem5t t cov]s ! gr\nd f ! "t a c]ta9 foot comes to ! gr\nd until x is aga9 plant$4 ,?r\gh mom5t photography we h ga9$ a k1 n only 9 e phase ( ! ord9>y paces ( ! horse1 b practically ( e movem5t ! animal is capable ( mak+2 & ?r\gh ! same m$ium ,i 0 able to expla91 = ! fir/ "t1 ! gallop *anges1 :i* v important movem5t 0 previ\sly n und]/ood1 & 0 procur$ only by t5tative exp]im5ts ) ea* horse tra9$ to make x4 ,:51 ! horse hav+ be5 9 ! walk1 ! spe$ is increas$1 a diff]5t movem5t ( ! legs mu/ take place to keep ! be>]s "u ! c5tre ( gravity1 & ! diagonally dispos$ h9d leg acts 9 unison ) a =e leg1 :5 we h a pace 9 :i* ! horse spr+s f "o pair ( legs to ! o!r1 :i* gives ! trot4 ,9 ! trot we h a gait ( two beats1 z ! horse takes ! weight ^u ! "r 7or left7 =e leg1 & ! left 7or "r7 h9d leg aft] ea* spr+1 go+ into ! air z ea* pair ( be>]s leaves ! gr\nd4 ,! horse %\ld be ridd5 9 ! trot 9 exactly ! same mann] z 9 ! walk1 except t 9 ! turns ! horse %\ld be m closely unit$ betwe5 h& & heels1 p>ticul>ly z ! rate ( spe$ is increas$4 ,z f> z ! rapidity ( ! movem5t w p]mit1 ! /ate ( collection describ$ z 9 h& %\ld be obs]v$4 ,9 trott+ or 9 gallop+ at great spe$ a horse mu/ ext5d itself too mu* to p]mit any su* condition ( its =ces z t indicat$2 b if at %>p turns ! fly+ horse is n some:at br\ght toge!r1 s t x may h ! be>]s "u ! c5tre ( gravity1 z ! mass leans inw>d1 a fall w probably result1 almo/ c]ta9ly if ! horse be gallop+ ) ! outside legs tak+ ! advanc$ /rides4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe4--,,! ,,prev5tion ,,( ,,re>+ ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff4--,,re>+ ,,) ,,ext5d$ ,,=e ,,legs ,b ! horse %\ld n be put into ! gallop until x has be5 drill$ 9 ! d\ble bridle1 & has be5 taught ! v>i\s =ms ( collection :i* prep>e x = t pace2 & we %all hope t ev5 ! rapid trot w n be und]tak5 by ! beg9n] until he is q sure ( himself at l[] rates ( spe$1 or he w acquire faults difficult to rem$y4 ,:5 an indiff]5t rid] is 9 ! habit ( spe$+ a horse 9 ! trot1 he almo/ inv>iably takes 8 weight ^u 8 sp9e1 ar*es ! body1 holds 8 arms /iffly =w>d1 loos5s 8 knee contacts1 & has ab\t ! same security 9 ! saddle t a bag ( meal laid ^u x w\ld h4 ,to r$uce ! spe$ 9 ! trot or to br+ ! horse to a halt f t pace1 ! rid] %\ld close 8 legs aga9/ ! sides ( ! horse1 lean back slightly1 &1 rais+ ! h&1 increase ! t5sion ^u ! re9s until ! animal answ]s 8 dem&s by r$uc$ spe$4 ,!n ! increas$ t5sion ^u ! re9s is reliev$1 & ! legs ( ! rid] )drawn f ! horse1 & ! sl[] trot hav+ be5 obta9$1 ! halt may be made f x2 9 ! latt] case ! animal %\ld be fir/ put into ! walk1 & !n br\ght to a /op z be=e describ$4 ,ne>ly e horse w %y if a bit above himself f want ( "w1 & _m horses1 o!rwise quiet1 %y habitually at "s favorite object1 ei!r fly+ pap]1 a high wagon1 an automobile1 or "s su* ?+4 ,if ! head ( ! horse be turn$ away f t :i* (f5ds x1 ! animal may n only be made to pass x1 b x w n be ne>ly s apt to jump d[n an embankm5t or run into "s o!r dang]1 9 its ef=ts to avoid t :i* caus$ its fright or pret5d$ fright4 ,horses %[ mu* cunn+ 9 al>m+ a timid rid]1 & su* an un=tunate is unmask$ at once4 ,"s horses w endeavor to rub a rid]'s knees aga9/ a wall1 :5 !y may readily be foil$ by hav+ ! head drawn into ! wall2 o!rs w misbehave on slipp]y pavem5t2 o!rs w refuse to g 9 desir$ directions4 ,inde$1 _! mis*iev\s tricks are s v>i\s t x is impossible to "n !m4 ,x is seldom t !y ev5 try ^! p]=mances ) a det]m9$ horseman1 & ,i h he>d tra9]s say ( horses s5t to !m to be cur$ ( vices1 t !y c\ld f9d no?+ wrong ) ! animals4 ,if a horse sulks & refuses to move1 /ick+ out its nose /iffly & spread+ its legs z if to brace itself aga9/ be+ =c$ =w>d1 ! rid] %\ld n resort to puni%m5t1 z x is probable t ! animal w\ld retaliate by viol5t misconduct4 ,if ! animal c be induc$ to move its cr\p to ! "r or left1 ! rigidity w disappe> & ! =w>d progress be obta9$4 ,i h kn[n cases :]e ! horse1 "u su* a condition1 has be5 made to g =w>d by be+ ridd5 into by ano!r horseman4 ,a horse re>s1 ei!r because !re is too sev]e a pull ^u ! bit1 or because x is 9 t]ror at some?+ :i* faces x unexpect$ly1 or ?r\gh an acquir$ vice4 ,:5 a horse is ab\t to re> ?r\gh vice1 x almo/ always drops ! bit 7t is1 ! rid] f9ds !re is sudd5ly no t5sion ^u ! re9s71 & !n ?ru/s its head 9 air & tries to rise ^u its h9d legs4 ,if ! rid] s5ds 9 "o ( ! spurs be=e ! horse is balanc$ ^u its haun*es1 x w induce a movem5t ( ! h9d legs :i* w br+ ! =eh& d[n1 & ! horse %\ld !n be pu%$ =w>d4 ,(t5 a horse :i* is n v ke5 ab\t x w make two or ?ree weak essays be=e x goes q up1 & j z x makes "o ( ^! little rises ! prick ( ! spur is v effective 9 br++ ! animal d[n & 9 a position t prev5ts re>+ until x is aga9 prep>$1 be=e :i* x %\ld be driv5 along4 ,b if ! horse has already ris51 ! rid] mu/ loos5 ! re9s & lean =w>d2 & z soon z ! =eh& comes d[n1 he %\ld drive ! horse =w>d 9 any pace or action t x w take1 to procure bett] regulat$ movem5ts lat]4 ,if ! rid] f9ds by a s9k+ ( ! cr\p t a re>+ horse is fall+ backw>d1 he %\ld release 8 feet f ! /irrups1 seize ! mane & pommel1 drop f ! saddle1 & ?r[ himself away f ! animal z x topples ov]4 ,i h cur$ a horse1 app>5tly confirm$ 9 ?is vice ( ?r[+ itself backw>d1 by a ?or\gh c\rse ( suppl+2 & x 0 aft]w>ds ridd5 9 v>i\s games & ex]cises :i* involv$ ! pir\ette1 b ! re=m$ animal nev] attempt$ to rise high] ?an 0 dem&$4 ,:e!r ! horse falls back int5tionally or n ,i _c say4 ,b horses t h a habit ( re>+ s t !y fall ov] are n r>e4 ,9 ! f> ,we/ ^? t fight ! air are call$ sunfi%]s1 & none are m resolute or m dang]\s4 ,i read some:]e rec5tly t if a horse kept its =e legs b5t & d[n1 x w\ld n fall ov]1 b t :5 its =e legs 7 ext5d$ upw>d & f\ght ! air1 x w\ld come ov] on its back4 ,i h frequ5tly se5 re>+ horses 9 bo? poses :i* did n fall & :i* _h no int5tion ( fall+1 & ,i h _h a horse ?r[ itself ov] )\t giv+ me ! prelim9>y notice ( ext5d+ its =e legs 9 air4 ,! eld] ,h5ri ,franconi's ,john/] & ,bay>d1 & ,miss ,emma ,lake's ,bonnie ,scotl&1 7 well-kn[n examples ( horses :i* re>$ safely ) ext5d$ =e legs2 ! o!r mode is n uncommon1 b ! horse does n usually rise to a dang]\s height :ile ! knees are b5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg4--,,re>+ ,,) ,,b5t ,,=e ,,legs ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh4--,,roll+ ,,up ,a ,,re/ive ,,horse ,%\ld a horse decl9e to leave its companions or to g 9 a c]ta9 direction1 ! rid] %\ld turn x ar\nd %>ply ?ree or f\r times ^u ! side 9 :i* he f9ds lea/ resi/ance1 :5 ! animal becomes s confus$ t x may be ridd5 :]ev] ! man *ooses4 ,?is 9 ,g]many is call$ roll+ up1 & is (t5 practis$ 9 ! cavalry1 :]e e horse mu/ be discipl9$ to leave ! ranks s+ly--a v difficult ?+ to obta9 9 any o!r mann]4 ,i h nev] se5 ! "t :5 a safely tra9$ horse ( good disposition c\ld n be f\nd aft] a little se>*2 & x is v fooli% = any "o b an exp]t or a pr(essional horseman to m\nt a wick$ brute4 ,a really vici\s horse w try ! n]ve ( any man1 b =tunately !y are n frequ5tly met outside ( ! ran*es1 & !y become r>] z "t goes on4 ,yet all ( u h se5 ! "y p]son ( limit$ exp]i5ce1 & ev5 less skill1 :o w\ld boa/ ( be+ able to ride any?+ & 0 desir\s ( dom9at+ a bad horse4 ,e horse t is lively en\gh to make a safe & agile rid+ animal w become fre% & disord]ly if x does n get "w en\gh4 ,if x be n ridd5 suffici5tly1 x %\ld be long$ on ! cavesson re91 or turn$ into a paddock4 ,! mo/ c>eful rid+ ma/] ,i h ev] kn[n--& 9 my w&]+s ,i h kept my horses 9 m ?an a score ( rid+-s*ools--0 accu/om$ to turn 8 fre% horses1 "o by "o1 = a little "t into ! r+1 &1 aft] "s play1 ! horses w\ld be p]fectly quiet = ! mo/ timid & inexp]i5c$ pupil4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi4--;,,closely ,,unit$ ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj4--;,,half-,,halt ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,:at ,,tra9+ ,,w ,,d ,,= ,a ,,horse--,,! ,,=ms ,,( ,,collection ,a great deal ( ! neglect 9 tra9+ horses prop]ly is due to ! fact t mo/ p--by v f> ! great] numb]--are det]r$ by ! imag9>y difficulties pres5t$ by ! rules & by ! practice involv$1 & 9 consequ5ce !re is n "o horse 9 a ?\s& t is ev5 agreeable to ride4 ,! fact is1 !re is no m difficulty 9 acquir+ a k ( ! rules ( tra9+ ?an ( ! fir/ ?ree numb]s ( ! multiplication table2 & ! practice ( !m is f> m pleasant & a great deal easi] ?an ! daily labor ( button+ "o's boots4 ,ow+ to ! *anges 9 ! c5tre ( gravity1 due to ! rid]'s weight & position1 ! normal1 well-=m$ horse mu/ be giv5 an artificial c>riage to enable x to be> ! man 9 easy1 light1 & cad5c$ paces4 ,:e!r ! rid] is aw>e ( ! fact or n1 ?is correction always takes place1 usually ?r\gh t5tative & *ance-direct$ ef=ts1 be=e ! animal becomes safe & pleasant to ride4 ,horses t are ill-=m$ or awkw>d may be s greatly improv$ 9 be>+ & action1 t _! defects are nullifi$ to su* an ext5t t _m app>5tly hopeless cases may be made v satisfactory rid+ animals4 ,all horses are b5efit$ 9 c>riage1 9 disposition1 & 9 =m by a c\rse ( s*ool+4 ,:at c be done to correct physical defects 9 a horse by a %ort t]m ( s*ool+ w\ld appe> incr$ible to "o n initiat$ 9 ! art4 ,weak p>ts may be /r5g!n$1 /rong muscles may be develop$ f ^? t are defici5t1 poor action may be improv$1 & ! g5]al appe>ance & motions ( any animal *ang$ = ! bett] by simple ex]cises1 :i* at ! same "t e/abli% absolute discipl9e4 ,^! *anges are procur$ f suppl+ ! horse4 ,by suppl+ is meant ov]com+ ! resi/ances ( ! horse1 :e!r !y be active or passive1 int5tional or physical1 s t all opposition & rigidity are remov$1 & ! animal becomes ob$i5t & pliant 9 e "p4 ,if ! read] w ?9k ( ! =eh& 7controll$ by ! re9s71 & ! h9d qu>t]s 7controll$ by 8 heels71 z two p>ts to be br\ght to act toge!r1 s balanc$ t nei!r extremity is emb>rass$1 & ! po9t ( union & balance1 ! c5tre ( gravity1 is directly "u ! rid]1 he w see h[ ! horse may be made to move lightly & easily4 ,suppose ! horse be l[ 9 ! =eh& & goes too mu* on ! %\ld]s :5 9 action1--a mis]able condition ( affairs4 ,! defects sugge/ ! rem$ies4 ,! h9d legs w be c>ri$ "u ! body to depress ! cr\p1 ! =eh& w be rais$ & its =ces c>ri$ to ! re>1 until ! weight & =ces are br\ght to ! desir$ po9t ( union & balance4 ,or1 let u take ! case ( a horse high & /rong 9 ! =eh&1 b l[ & weak 9 ! h9d qu>t]s4 ,"h ! h9d legs %\ld be br\ght up to t po9t :]e1 )\t l[]+ ! cr\p1 !y h ! greate/ impulsive p[]1 & ! =ces ( ! =eh& %\ld be c>ri$ back only f> en\gh to balance ^! inf]ior =ces ( ! re>4 ,( c\rse1 9 ?is case p>ticul> att5tion %\ld be paid to /r5g!n+ ! lo9s & h9d qu>t]s by ! ex]cises h]eaft] to be expla9$4 ,!re=e1 if ! horse goes ^u its %\ld]s & hangs ^u ! h&1 ! =ces ( ! cr\p are too /rong = ! =eh&1 & ! latt] "p %\ld be elevat$ :ile ! h9d legs %\ld be c>ri$ "u ! body ( ! horse to less5 _! effect suffici5tly to produce balance 9 ! extremities4 ,b if !re be feeble & con/ra9$ action 9 ! h9d legs1 ! =eh& is too high & /rong1 & ! c5tre ( gravity too f> to ! re>1 & ?is /ate mu/ be rem$i$4 ,! p[] to effect ! conditions describ$ w be obta9$ by subdu+ all resi/ances2 ! jaw ( ! horse1 & all ^? p>ts 9 front ( ! rid]1 w be made pliant & ob$i5t to ! re9s2 ! h9d qu>t]s w be dom9at$ by ! rid]'s heels4 ,9 ! prec$+ *apt] ! condition ( collection kn[n z 9 h&1 ! l[e/ =m 9 :i* smoo?1 ev51 safe1 & regul> paces may be made1 0 describ$ = ! walk & ! trot4 ,unless "s clos] =m ( collection is employ$ = "o or ano!r reason1 ! ord9>y gallop ( ?ree beats or h& gallop %\ld always be p]=m$ 9 h&2 t is1 !re %\ld be su* a collection ( ! =ces t ! pace is ev51 /eady1 & cad5c$1 no undue weight ^u ! %\ld]s1 ! cre/ curv$1 ! face ( ! horse ab\t p]p5dicul> to ! gr\nd1 ! jaw supple1 & z a matt] ( c\rse ! horse always "u complete control4 ,! tra9] %\ld ev] be> 9 m9d t :5ev] !re is any disord] or misconduct ! e>li] lesson %\ld be rev]t$ to1 until ! horse is absolutely ob$i5t "u all conditions4 ,:5 ! horse has be5 habituat$ to ma9ta9 ! /ate ( collection kn[n z 9 h&1 9 ! walk1 trot1 & gallop1 x %\ld be taught ! clos] =ms ( union4 ,f "t to "t ! rid] %\ld1 :ile 9 a sl[ b nimble trot1 br+ ! horse to clos] =ms ( collection1 ! heels ma9ta9+ ! impulses1 ! h& ) vibratory plays ^u ! re9s1 keep+ ! =eh& light & li!4 ,z ! =ces are m ne>ly br\ght to a po9t ( union & balance "u ! rid]1 ! spe$ w decrease1 & :5 ^! =ces ( ! extremities are absolutely unit$ & balanc$ = a mom5t1 ! half-halt w be produc$1 :5 ! horse is prep>$ = a movem5t 9 any direction4 ,b ?is half-halt may be held = only a mom5t1 :ile ! muscles are 9 play1 & at lea/ "o leg is flex$1 or ! horse w become heavy1 ! feet w come to ! gr\nd1 & a complete halt w ensue1 :5 ! t5sion ^u ! re9s %\ld be eas$ & ! heels be )drawn f ! sides ( ! horse4 ,:5 ! =ces ( ! extremities ( ! trott+-horse are z closely unit$ z is compatible ) a =w>d movem5t1 any increas$ impulses w be turn$ into height ( action "u ! body1 & ! animal w seem to gr[ "u ! rid]1 z ) curv$ cre/1 9 :i* ! quiv]+ muscles prove ! pliancy ( ! mass1 ! horse goes f "o pair ( diagonally dispos$ legs to ! o!r 9 a sl[1 measur$1 brilliant trot--! mo/ beautiful effect possible to obta94 ,^! clos] =ms ( collection may be produc$ 9 a v sl[ gallop 9 exactly ! same mann] z 9 ! sl[ trot2 & ! gallop 9 ?is case becomes "o ( f\r beats z ea* leg foll[s ! o!r 9 regul> int]vals4 ,! half-halt may1 & %\ld 9 practice1 be made f ! sl[ gallop by a v close collection1 ! union & balance ( ! =ces1 & ! gallop be r5ew$ 9 "s =m imm$iately1 be=e ! horse becomes heavy & ! full halt ensues4 ,! half-halt 9 ! gallop has a v>iety ( important uses1 su* z a prelim9>y /ep = mak+ ! gallop *ange1 = mak+ ! gallop :eels1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga4--,,! ,,scrat* ,,( ,,! ,,spur ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb4--;,,halt ,,) ,,! ,,spurs ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,spur ,bau*] says1 some:]e1 t to give an indiff]5t horseman ! spur is z bad z to give a razor into ! h&s ( a monkey4 ,!re is n "o rid] 9 t5 ?\s& :o kn[s h[ to give ! %>p r[el1 or is aw>e ( its true uses4 ,improp]ly & too frequ5tly appli$1 ! spur makes ! horse sluggi% & nev] answ]s its real & full significance4 ,! rid]'s leg & heel1 or ! %>p r[el :5 necess>y--a r>e occasion--gives ! horseman control ov] ! impulses :i* produce action1 & ov] all ! movem5ts ( ! h9d qu>t]s4 ,! %>p r[el1 inde$ any =m ( ! leg aid1 %\ld nev] be giv5 ) a kick or a ?ru/4 ,! l[] "p ( ! rid]'s leg %\ld be c>ri$ back until ! scrat* or prick c be giv5 by ! elevation ( ! heel4 ,to enable ! rid] to d ?is ) precision requires mu* practice 9 ! use ( ! leg bel[ ! knee1 s t ev5 9 viol5t movem5ts he may be able to give j ! effect ! occasion requires4 ,! l[] leg ( ! rid] dem&s ! =w>d movem5t1 dem&s ! movem5t to ! re>1 & t to ei!r side1 & also ! collections1 includ+ ! half-halt & ! f9i%$ halt ,^! results _c be produc$ prop]ly by a ?\ghtless or an unskilful use ( an aid1 :i* %\ld always be appli$ at ! "r mom5t1 ) ! "r t\*1 & 9 ! "r place4 ,= ! com=t1 n to speak ( ! safety1 ( its rid]1 e horse %\ld be taught to be> ! prick ( ! spur )\t viol5t outbur/s2 & ?is is m important = ! poor horseman ?an = him :o is skilful4 ,! mo/ n]v\s animal may be taught to be> ! application ( ! r[el ) complac5cy1 & )\t su* discipl9e x w\ld be impossible to make ! gallop *anges1 & _m o!r movem5ts direct$ by ! spur1 smoo?ly & uni=mly4 ,on "s occasion :5 ! horse is go+ quietly1 x hav+ previ\sly be5 accu/om$ to ! pressure ( ! rid]'s legs & to t ( ! sides ( 8 heels1 ! rid] %\ld c>ry a leg close to ! flank ( ! horse & give a scrat* ) ! r[el j beh9d ! gir?s1 z he is mak+ a turn or dem&+ a b5d ( ! cr\p4 ,! animal %\ld be quiet$ by c>esses aft] ?is attack1 & !n ! spur %\ld be appli$ to ! o!r side 9 ! same way1 & ! horse be made mu* (4 ,9 "t bo? spurs %\ld be us$ 9 br++ ! horse to a halt ,! f9i%$ horseman c dem& ! mo/ p]fect repose f ! mo/ spirit$ horse by ! use ( ?is in/rum5t4 ,us$ z direct$1 ! animal w n only be /eady :5 ! scrat* is giv51 b also quick & ready 9 ob$i5ce to ! mild] =ms ( ! leg aid1 ! pressure ( ! leg or ( ! side ( ! heel1 & x w be r>ely ! case t ! m sev]e =m w be necess>y4 ,9 rid+ my tra9$ horses ! r[els are remov$ f ! spurs2 & ,i h _h horses t 7 always free & lively 9 _! actions & p]fect 9 mange movem5ts t _h n felt ! %>p spur = _m ye>s4 ,"s horses w %ut up & refuse to increase _! spe$ :5 puni%$ ) ! spur2 & 9 all cases its sev]e attacks are z useless z !y are cruel4 ,to produce ! impulses = movem5ts =w>d or to ! re>1 ?is aid %\ld be appli$ imm$iately beh9d ! gir?s4 ,!re is an old ,fr5* say+ t a torn gir? %[s good horseman%ip4 ,to b5d ! cr\p1 z 9 ! side movem5ts ^u two pa?s & 9 ! gallop *anges1 ! spur %\ld take t\* on ! flank f\r or five in*es beh9d ! gir?s4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,"s ,,"w ,,on ,,foot--,,! ,,suppl+ ,x has be5 said t ! t]m suppl+ indicates ! vanqui%+ ( all ! resi/ance (f]$ by ! horse1 :e!r volunt>y or involunt>y4 ,! control :i* ?is gives ov] ! actions ( ! animal is produc$ by cultivat+ its in/9ctive yield+s to ! application ( ! bit & spur until ob$i5ce becomes a natural impulse & ! animal does n dream ( opposition4 ,! lessons are giv5 9 su* a mann] t !re are no /ruggles aga9/ re/ra9t1 no fe>s are caus$1 & !re are no puni%m5ts to ar\se animosity4 ,inde$1 any r\gh treatm5t w defeat ! object ( ! tra9]1 :o requires no?+ m ?an pati5ce to insure 8 success4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4--;,,direct ,,flexion ,,( ,,! ,,jaw ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gd4--,,! ,,result ,= example1 :5 ! bit comes aga9/ ! horse's m\?1 ! fir/ impulse is to avoid ! pressure & to yield ! jaw2 ! second impulse is to resi/ ! conf9em5t4 ,by ! cultivation ( ! fir/ in/9ctive yield+ ( ! jaws ! tra9] obta9s absolute control ov] ! m\? ( ! horse1 & by successive ex]cises1 prop]ly arrang$1 ov] ! :ole ( ^? p>ts 9 front ( ! saddle4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 ! leg or heel ( ! rid] is appli$ to ! flank ( ! horse1 its fir/ impulse is to move =w>d ! h9d leg ( ! side attack$1 & b5d ! cr\p ov] to ! o!r side2 ! second impulse w be to come aga9/ ! leg or heel 9 resi/ance4 ,by cultivat+ ! fir/ impulse on ! application ( ! spur ! rid] obta9s control ov] all ^? p>ts ( ! horse beh9d ! saddle4 ,s1 betwe5 h& & heels1 ! man may obta9 p]fect1 because in/9ctive1 ob$i5ce f ! tra9$ animal4 ,beyond keep+ on fri5dly t]ms ) ! horse1 & ! avoidance ( ev]y?+ t w\ld />t its fe>s1 no tru/ is to be plac$ 9 ! animal's volunt>y dutifulness1 = :at is desir$ may be dem&$1 & ! good-w ( a horse is a v sl5d] re$ ^u :i* to lean4 ,my horses "k my foot/eps1 & %[ recognition ( my voice1 b ,i h nev] p]mitt$ _! bl&i%m5ts to lead me to tru/ "o ( !m beyond control )\t f9d+ cause = regrets soon] or lat]4 ,mu* ( ! "w 9 suppl+ ! horse c be done f> m quickly ) ! tra9] on foot ?an f ! saddle4 ,inde$1 almo/ all ! education ( a rid+-horse might be c>ri$ on )\t ! tra9] m\nt+ at all1 & t v exp$iti\sly2 ! f9i%+ lessons "u ! saddle w\ld be requir$ to transf] ! indications ( ! :ip to ! rid]'s heels4 ,! h&l+ t w\ld be giv5 by ! tra9] on foot w\ld prep>e ! horse = any?+ t might foll[1 & ,i h always f\nd t ! long] ! horse 0 work$ 9 h&1 ! bett] 7 ! results4 ,t is1 if ! horse be long$ c>efully2 be driv5 be=e ! tra9] 9 a long pair ( re9s atta*$ to a snaffle-bridle2 be taught to yield ! jaw1 ! head1 & ! neck to ! bits2 & be made to b5d ! cr\p & to br+ ! h9d legs "u ! body at ! application ( ! :ip1 !re w be v little left to d :5 ! man m\nts4 ,i %all n[ describe ! lea/ am\nt ( "w t ! tra9] %\ld p]=m on foot1 z few m5 w h ! pati5ce to c>ry ! sy/em f>!r2 b z ! pr9ciples are always ! same any "o :o desires to try ! exp]im5t may readily c>ry on ! tra9+ 9 h& to its utmo/ limit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge4--;,,b5d+ ,,head ,,& ,,neck ,,) ,,curb-,,bit ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gf4--;,,b5d+ ,,head ,,& ,,neck ,,) ,,curb-,,bit ,:5 ! "y horse--or any horse1 = t matt]--is go+ well 9 ! snaffle-bridle1 ! animal %\ld be giv5 daily lessons 9 ! d\ble bridle 7curb & snaffle7 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ! curb-*a9 be+ remov$ = ! e>ly lessons1 ! tra9] %\ld /& at ! head ( ! horse on ! "r1 or (f1 side1 & take ! "r snaffle-re9 9 8 "r h&1 :ile ! left h& grasps ! two curb-re9s at equal l5g?s "u ! *9 ( ! horse a few in*es f ! bit4 ,!n1 ext5d+ 8 "r arm away f ! nose ( ! horse & draw+ ! curb-re9s t[>d ! *e/ ( ! animal1 he w1 ) j s mu* =ce z is necess>y1 induce ! horse to op5 ! m\? & relax ! l[] jaw1 ! head be+ held up by ! snaffle-re94 ,z soon z ?is is accompli%$ ! t5sions ^u ! re9s %\ld be releas$ & ! horse rew>d$ by c>esses4 ,! snaffle mu/ keep ! head ( ! horse at ! prop] height1 = ! t5d5cy ( ! curb is to depress ! head1 & ! face ( ! horse %\ld be kept ab\t v]tical to ! gr\nd1 c]ta9ly n any ne>] ! *e/4 ,f "t to "t ! tra9] w release ! t5sion ^u ! snaffle-re9 & draw ! curb-re9s1 z be=e1 9 g5tle vibrations t[>d ! neck ( ! horse to te/ ! progress ( 8 "w4 ,:5 ! horse curls ! upp] lip1 & ! re9s always f9d no?+ m ?an a light1 ela/ic feel+ ^u ! l[] jaw1 ! cre/ be+ curv$ & ! face held p]p5dicul>ly to ! gr\nd1 ! man w "k t ! object ( 8 "w has be5 accompli%$1 & x rema9s = him to ma9ta9 ?is condition by con/ant practice until x becomes habitual4 ,if at any "t ! jaw becomes rigid1 or !re is any resi/ance1 a return %\ld be made to ! ex]cises ) ! two bits1 z 9 ! beg9n+4 ,x is a rule obs]v$ by all tra9]s t :5 a horse does n p]=m p]fectly t :i* is desir$1 to g back to numb] "o1 ! fir/ lesson4 ,! same "w %\ld be done ) ! tra9] /&+ on ! left side ( ! horse1 :5 8 left h& w hold ! left snaffle-re91 8 "r ! curb-re9s4 ,^! ex]cises1 & ^? :i* foll[1 %\ld be giv5 at lea/ once e day1 twice or ?rice w be bett]1 & ea* ex]cise %\ld be foll[$ no long] ?an = five m9utes1 s t ! horse may n be fatigu$ or annoy$ by ! monotony4 ,/&+ at ! head ( ! horse1 on ! "r side1 ! tra9] %\ld take a re9 ( ! curb-bit 9 ea* h&1 ne> ! bran*es1 & turn+ ! bit 9 ! m\? ( ! horse1 "r bran* =w>d1 b5d ! animal's head t[>d ! left2 at fir/ mak+ a slight turn only1 & by /eps increas+ ! b5d until ! face ( ! horse looks to ! re>4 ,z soon z ! head ( ! horse is b5t suffici5tly to satisfy ! tra9]1 he %\ld take equal t5sions ^u ! bit1 /raight5 x 9 ! m\? ( ! horse1 & by g5tle vibrations induce ! horse to yield ! l[] jaw s t ! re9s %all f9d no m ?an an ela/ic feel+ ^u t "p z ! face is turn$ to ! re>4 ,! horse mu/ nev] be all[$ to br+ its head /raight aft] ?is b5d has be5 dem&$1 b ! tra9] %\ld quietly br+ x back into ! normal position by means ( ! re9s4 ,9 a simil> mann] ! head ( ! horse %\ld be b5t to ! "r1 ! tra9] /&+ at ! head ( ! horse on ! left side4 ,aft] ! horse has be5 habituat$ to b5d ! head by means ( ! curb-bit to ! "r & to ! left1 its face p]p5dicul> to ! gr\nd & its jaw pliant1 x w be made to d ! same by ! snaffle1 ! re9s ( t bit held z 7 ^? ( ! curb-bit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gg4--;,,c>ry+ ,,h9d ,,legs ,,"u ,,! ,,body ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gh4--;,,cr\p ,,ab\t ,,=eh&1 ,,to ,,! ,,"r ,^! lessons1 9 addition to ^? recomm5d$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii41 w give ! man complete control ov] ! =eh& ( ! horse1 mak+ ! m\? light & compliant1 & develop+ & suppl+ ! muscles ( ! neck greatly to ! improvem5t ( ! horse 9 grace & 9 appe>ance4 ,two v simple ex]cises w give control ( ! h9d qu>t]s1 :5 ! completion ( ! education ( ! horse w be a m]e matt] ( repetition & rid+1 z ! discipl9e necess>y = dem&+ in/ant & exact ob$i5ce w h be5 put 9 tra94 ,to make ! horse c>ry its h9d legs "u ! body1 ! man %\ld /& on its left side fac+ ! saddle2 !n1 tak+ ! snaffle-re9s held "u ! *9 ( ! horse at equal l5g?s 9 8 left h&1 he %\ld give "s light taps ( a sl5d] :ip ^u ! animal's cr\p1 prev5t+ a =w>d movem5t by a t5sion ^u ! snaffle-re9s4 ,at fir/ ! tra9] %\ld be satisfi$ :5 ! horse br+s its h9d feet =w>d a few in*es1 b 9 "t ! animal %\ld by gradual /eps be induc$ to c>ry its h9d legs s f> "u ! mass t ! f\r feet might /& ^u a h&k]*ief4 ,to transf] ! indications ( ! :ip to ! heels1 ! rid] %\ld m\nt1 &1 z he taps ! horse on ! rump ) ! :ip held beh9d 8 back1 he %\ld apply 8 heels to ! animal's sides until ! h9d legs are c>ri$ =w>d suffici5tly to satisfy 8 dem&s1 :ile a =w>d movem5t is prohibit$ by a t5sion ^u ! snaffle-re9s held 9 ! left h&4 ,gradually ! employm5t ( ! :ip %\ld cease & ! horse be made to c>ry ! h9d legs "u ! mass to any ext5t by ! pressure ( ! rid]'s heels4 ,aft] ! horse has c>ri$ its h9d legs "u ! mass1 ! man %\ld release ! t5sion ^u ! re9s1 & by p]mitt+ ! =eh& to advance1 let ! animal take a natural position4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gi4--;,,cr\p ,,ab\t ,,=eh&1 ,,to ,,! ,,"r ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hj4--;,,9 ,,h& ,,9 ,,place ,to make ! horse c>ry ! cr\p ar\nd ! =eh&1 ! tra9] %\ld /& at ! left side ( ! horse1 fac+ ! saddle1 ) 8 left h& he %\ld take a grasp ( ! snaffle-re9s "u ! *9 ( ! horse & b5d ! head slightly away f him1 & ) ! :ip he %\ld give a light tap or taps on ! side ( ! horse j beh9d ! gir?4 ,:5 ! horse makes "o /ep ) ! cr\p away f ! man1 ! =eh& held 9 place by ! snaffle-re9s1 ! :ip taps %\ld cease1 & ! horse be rew>d$ by c>esses4 ,ano!r /ep f ! cr\p w !n be dem&$1 & /ep by /ep ! cr\p w be c>ri$ to ! "r completely ab\t ! /ation>y =eh&1 ! left =e leg act+ z ! pivot1 ! "r =e leg be+ br\ght =w>d to con=m to ! movem5t by light taps ( ! :ip1 ! head ( ! horse b5t t[>d ! advanc+ cr\p4 ,! horse mu/ n be p]mitt$ to volunte] a /ep1 b e /ep %\ld be made on ! dem& ( ! tra9]4 ,9 ! same mann] ! horse %\ld be made to c>ry ! cr\p to ! left ab\t ! "r =e leg z ! pivot1 ! tra9] hold+ ! snaffle-re9s 9 ! "r h&1 ! :ip 9 ! left1 & /&+ on ! "r side ( ! horse4 ,x w be well = ! rid] to m\nt ! horse 9 place1 at ?is /age1 & to conduct ! suppl+ & b5d+ ex]cises j describ$1 f ! saddle4 ,t is1 f ! saddle he %\ld b5d ! head ( ! horse to ei!r h&1 fir/ ) ! curb-bit & !n ) ! snaffle-bit1 br++ ! head back to ! normal position by means ( ! re9s2 he %\ld elevate ! head1 & !n by dropp+ ! h& & play+ ) ! re9s br+ ! face ( ! horse v]tical to ! gr\nd1 ) ! jaw pliant 9 answ] to ei!r bit2 he %\ld induce ! horse to c>ry ! cr\p ab\t ! =eh& to ei!r side at ! application ( 8 heel1 en=c$1 if necess>y1 by ! :ip held beh9d ! rid]'s back1 ! out] =e leg act+ z pivot2 &1 f9ally & frequ5tly betwe5 ! pressure ( 8 legs & g5tle vibrations ( ! re9s1 he %\ld unite & balance ! =ces ( ! horse s t by ! work+ ( ! muscles "u him1 z ! horse arranges ! be>]s1 he may "k t ! animal is ready to move 9 h&4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,! ,,curb-,,&-,,snaffle ,,bridle--,,guid+ ,,by ,,! ,,re9 ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,neck--,,cr\p ,,ab\t ,,=eh&--,,^u ,,two ,,pa?s ,if b "o bit is us$ 9 rid+1 x %\ld be ! snaffle1 = x has a mu* wid] range ( effects ?an ! curb-bit1 & ! latt]1 :5 employ$ alone1 t5ds to l[] ! head ( ! horse1 & has o!r defects4 ,x is bett]1 h[ev]1 to h bo? bits1 z toge!r !y answ] e requirem5t4 ,) ! snaffle ! rid] may raise or depress ! =eh&1 fre%5 & relieve ! m\? ( ! horse occasionally f ! re/ra9t ( ! curb-bit1 & c\nt]act ! defective action ( ! latt]1 prep>e ! horse = ob$i5ce to ! indications ( ! m sev]e m\?piece1 & give _m o!r results :i* w %[ !mselves 9 practice4 ,! curb-bit gives m p[] to re/ra9 ! horse1 applies ! pressure ( ! m\?piece ^u ! prop] place1 :i* ! snaffle does n always d1 & by x ! rid] may m readily keep ! nose ( ! horse d[n s t ! face ( ! animal %all be v]tical & !reby insure ! "r p[] ^u ! "r place4 ,) tra9$ horses ,i seldom draw ! curb-re9s1 = ! animals are s drill$ & s s5sitive t ! snaffle is ne>ly always suffici5t b ! curb-bit is ev] ready to en=ce its peculi> p[]s %\ld !re be failure on ! "p ( ! snaffle1 z1 = example1 :]e ! horse ?r[s =w>d its nose s t ! snaffle takes a be>+ 9 ! corn]s ( ! m\? & s loses mu* ( its p[]4 ,ord9>ily ! curb-bit is us$ 9 rid+1 :ile ! snaffle-re9s lie slack1 to be br\ght into play :5 necess>y2 & mo/ horses1 & mo/ rid]s1 require ! curb-bit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ha4--,,left ,,re9 ,,aga9/ ,,neck1 ,,to ,,turn ,,to ,,! ,,"r ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hb4--,,"r ,,re9 ,,aga9/ ,,neck1 ,,to ,,turn ,,to ,,! ,,left ,! man1 hav+ m\nt$1 w take 9 8 left h& ! re9s ( ! curb-bit divid$ by ! little f+]1 ! re9s ( ! snaffle divid$ by ! long f+]1 ! loose ends ( bo? pairs ( re9s c>ri$ ?r\gh 8 h& & held by ! ?umb aga9/ ! =ef+]1 & draw ! curb-re9s until he c feel ! m\? ( ! horse4 ,! "r h& w be kept on ! loose ends ( ! re9s beh9d ! left1 b :5 x is call$ ^u to assi/ ! bridle-h& x w act ^u ! re9s 9 front ( ! left h&1 except 9 %ort5+ ! re9s1 :5 x w draw !m ?r\gh ! bridle-h& f beh9d4 ,!n1 clos+ 8 legs aga9/ ! animal's sides1 ! rid] %\ld make g5tle vibrations ( ! curb-re9s by a play ( 8 f+]s until ! pliant jaw & ! work+ ( ! muscles "u him %[ t ! horse is ready to move 9 h&4 ,9 ?is =m ( collection he %\ld g =w>d 9 ! walk4 ,to turn to ! "r he %\ld b5d ! head ( ! horse ) ! "r snaffle-re9 caught 9 8 "r h&1 & c>ry ! left h& 9 :i* are ! curb-re9s ov] to ! "r until ! out] re9 comes aga9/ ! neck ( ! horse4 ,:5 ! turn is begun1 he %\ld drop ! snaffle-re91 & :5 ! new direction is ent]$ ^u1 he %\ld br+ ! bridle-h& 9 front ( him1 s t !re %all be equal t5sions ^u bo? curb-re9s1 & resume a direct pa?4 ,9 ! same mann] ! turn to ! left side %\ld be inaugurat$ by ! left snaffle-re91 & ! bridle-h& w be c>ri$ ov] to ! left until ! "r curb-re9 is br\ght aga9/ ! "r side ( ! neck ( ! horse4 ,?is use ( ! curb-re9s is call$ ! indirect indications ( ! bit4 ,on /raight l9es ! bridle-h& %\ld be held j above ! pommel ( ! saddle1 ! ?umb upp]mo/ & po9t+ t[>d ! horse's e>s4 ,no great movem5t ( ! bridle-h& %\ld be made 9 dem&+ ! turn2 :5 c>ri$ ov] to ! "r1 ! ?umb %\ld po9t t[>d ! rid]'s "r %\ld]2 :5 c>ri$ ov] to ! left1 ! ?umb %\ld po9t t[>d ! gr\nd ov] ! left %\ld] ( ! horse4 ,by obs]v+ ^! directions ! re9 may be br\ght aga9/ ! neck ( ! horse to give ! indirect indications ( ! bit )\t too great movem5t ( ! bridle-h&4 ,gradually ! employm5t ( ! direct snaffle-re9 to inaugurate ! turn w be disp5s$ )1 & ! *ange ( direction w be made by ! curb-re9s only z !y are br\ght aga9/ ! neck ( ! horse4 ,9 ! walk & 9 ! sl[ trot ! horse %\ld be ridd5 9 h& on /raight pa?s & 9 circles ( v>y+ diamet]s to accu/om ! horse to t =m ( collection 9 ! curb-bit2 & f "t to "t clos] =ms ( collection %\ld be dem&$1 fir/ 9 ! walk & !n 9 ! trot1 until ! half-halt may be produc$ & ! advance be aga9 made be=e ! horse gr[s heavy4 ,:atev] ! =m ( collection1 ! jaw ( ! horse mu/ be kept pliant & ! =ces ( ! two extremities be kept balanc$4 ,if ! horse hangs ^u ! re9s1 its h9d legs mu/ be br\ght "u ! mass to light5 ! =eh&1 & e movem5t %\ld be light1 ev51 & regul>4 ,x is poor policy to put ! horse into ! gallop be=e its education has be5 br\ght to ! po9t describ$ 9 ! prec$+ pages4 ,x is highly important t ! horse %\ld be taught a p]fectly controll$ gallop1 "o 9 :i* e =m ( collection may be obs]v$ & 9 :i* ! rid] may dem& ! lead ) ei!r side & ! *anges ( lead ) precision4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hc4--,,rev]s$ ,,pir\ette1 ,,to ,,! ,,left ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hd4--,,on ,,two ,,pa?s1 ,,trav]se ,,"r ,! cr\p ab\t ! =eh&1 or rev]s$ pir\ette1 prep>es ! horse = ! movem5ts on two pa?s1 = :eels 9 ! gallop1 = ! pir\ette volte1 & = ! gallop *anges1 all ( :i* are requisite 9 a ?or\ghly tra9$ saddle-horse1 :5 ! rid] aspires to h ma/]y ov] e movem5t ( ! animal4 ,to make ! horse p]=m ! rev]s$ pir\ette1 ! rid] %\ld br+ x 9 h& 9 place4 ,!n1 b5d+ its head slightly to "o side1 say ! "r1 he %\ld apply 8 left leg to ! flank & make ! horse c>ry ! cr\p to ! "r1 ab\t ! left =e leg z a pivot1 ! bridle-h& keep+ ! =eh& 9 place1 ! heel ( ! rid] dem&+ ea* /ep1 ! "r leg ( ! rid] controll+ ! effects ( 8 left leg4 ,9 cr\p ab\t =eh& to ! left1 ! head ( ! horse %\ld be b5t slightly to ! left1 ! "r =e leg ( ! horse acts z pivot1 :ile ! rid]'s "r leg induces ! h9d qu>t]s to be c>ri$ to ! left ar\nd ! turn+-po9t4 ,9 ! "w ^u two pa?s ! body ( ! horse %\ld be plac$ diagonally across ! l9e ( progress1 ! =eh& slightly 9 advance ( ! cr\p1 ! head ( ! horse b5t 9 ! direction ( ! movem5t4 ,9 go+ to ! "r1 ! head ( ! horse w be b5t to ! "r & ! =eh& be l$ along "o pa?1 :ile ! rid]'s heels c>ry ! cr\p along a p>allel pa?1 ! effects ( ! act+ or left heel be+ measur$ & controll$ by ! rid]'s "r heel1 ! =eh& ab\t two feet 9 advance ( ! cr\p4 ,9 pass+ ^u two pa?s to ! left1 ! head ( ! horse w be b5t to ! left1 ! =eh& be+ l$ to ! left1 & ! rid]'s "r leg1 its effects measur$ by ! left1 w c>ry ! cr\p ^u a p>allel pa?1 s t ! body ( ! horse %all be diagonally dispos$ across ! l9e ( progress4 ,9 com+ to a turn or on a circle1 ! cr\p w be slightly ret>d$1 s t ! diagonal position %all be obs]v$ ev]y:]e on ! arc or ! circumf]5ce1 if ! =eh& be foll[+ ! long] out] pa?4 ,b if 9 turns or circles ! cr\p be foll[+ ! out] long] pa?1 ! =eh& w be ret>d$ s t ev]y:]e on ! arc or ! circumf]5ce ! diagonal position ( ! mass %all be obs]v$4 ,! horse %\ld be ridd5 on two pa?s 9 /raight l9es1 9 turns1 & 9 l>ge & small circles1 sometimes ! =eh& on ! out] circumf]5ces1 sometimes ! cr\p foll[+ ! long] pa?s1 9 ! walk1 9 ! sl[ trot1 & 9 ! unit$ trot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #he4--;,,gallop ,,"r1 ,,horse ,,9 ,,air ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hf4--;,,gallop1 ,,h9d ,,legs ,,committ$ ,,to ,a ,,/ride ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hg4--;,,gallop ,,"r1 ,,:5 ,,! ,,*ange ,,beg9s ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,! ,,gallop1 ,,& ,,! ,,gallop ,,*ange--,,:eel ,,9 ,,! ,,gallop--,,pir\ette ,,turn--,,halt ,,9 ,,! ,,gallop ,until ! publication ( ,! ,horse 9 ,motion1 _m ( ! movem5ts ( ! horse 7 b little und]/ood1 & ( ^! ! gallop 0 prom95t by reason ( its importance4 ,9 ^! days1 ?anks to ! quick eye ( ! cam]a1 !re is no action :i* ! horse is capable ( mak+ t may n be cle>ly %[n 9 e phase4 ,!re are sev]al =ms ( ! gallop1 b ! g5]al pr9ciples are ! same 9 all1 ! v>iations dep5d+ ^u ! spe$ & ! /ate ( collection ( ! horse4 ,9 ! h&-gallop ( ?ree beats ! horse goes into air f a =e leg us$ z a leap+-pole2 x !n br+s to ! gr\nd ! diagonally dispos$ h9d leg2 ! o!r h9d leg & its diagonal =e leg are !n plant$ s ne>ly toge!r t ! ho(s give ! s\nd ( b "o beat2 !n ! fir/ act+ =e leg comes to ! gr\nd f :i* ! horse aga9 goes into air 9 a new /ride4 ,! horse is said to lead ) ! legs :i* are advanc$ 9 ea* /ride2 if ! horse goes into air f ! "r =e leg1 x is 9 gallop "r1 z ! =e & h9d legs ( t side are advanc$ beyond ! =e & h9d legs ( ! o!r side4 ,if ! horse goes into air f ! left =e leg1 x w be 9 gallop left4 ,9 ! full-gallop1 or rac+ pace1 ! secondly plant$ h9d leg is br\ght to ! gr\nd an appreciable "t be=e its diagonally dispos$ =e leg1 & we h a pace ( f\r beats4 ,! cant]1 or lope1 is a pace ( feeble action & ( l[ =m ( collection 9 :i* ! diagonal =e leg is br\ght to ! gr\nd be=e ! second h9d leg is plant$4 ,9 ! s*ool-gallop1 ! mo/ f9i%$ =m ( ! pace1 ! horse is s closely unit$ t ! secondly plant$ h9d leg rea*es ! gr\nd be=e its diagonally dispos$ =e leg1 & we h aga9 a gallop ( f\r beats4 ,x w be se51 !n1 t ! gallop+ horse %\ld be 9 gallop "r 9 turn+ to ! "r1 9 gallop left 9 turn+ to ! left1 s t a h9d leg w be "u ! c5tre ( gravity z a be>] ( ! weight :5 ! turn is made4 ,if a horse1 9 gallop left1 be turn$ %ortly to ! "r1 x w almo/ inv>iably fall1 = z ! horse leans ov] at ! turn !re w be no support "u ! mass4 ,a horse at lib]ty in/9ctively *anges ! lead 9 ! gallop z circum/ances require2 b ! m\nt$ horse _c be dep5d$ ^u to make ! *ange volunt>ily1 & ! rid] %\ld dem& ! *ange at ! prop] "t4 ,be=e ! appe>ance ( ,mod]n ,horseman%ip1 no "o _h describ$ h[ ! horse began ! *ange 9 ! gallop1 f "r to left or f left to "r1 or h[ x 0 p]=m$4 ,dr4 ,/illman1 ! only au?or :o _h t\*$ ^u ! subject1 sugge/$ t ! horse *ang$ ! lead :5 9 air1 b ?is 0 a manife/ly incorrect supposition2 = ! photographs %[ t ! h9d legs are always committ$ to a c]ta9 /ride be=e ! horse goes into air4 ,by rid+ tra9$ horses 9 ! gallop *anges be=e ! cam]a1 ,i discov]$ :5 ^? movem5ts 7 begun & h[ !y 7 made1 & ,i 0 able to expla9 h[ ! aids %\ld be appli$ to produce ! *anges2 = previ\sly1 x _h be5 a matt] ( exp]im5t & t5tative practice ) ea* horse t _h be5 taught to make ! gallop *ange4 ,! loose explanations 9 ! rid+ regulations ( e army1 & ev5 ^? ( su* au?orities z ,bau*] & o!rs1 prove ?is ass]tion4 ,i am some:at famili> ) ! writ+s ( ne>ly all ! au?ors ( /&>d works on horseman%ip1 f ! days ( ,grisone to ! pres5t day1 & ,i _c recall a passage 9 any "o ( !m t w\ld indicate a k ( h[ ! gallop *ange 0 made1 or "o t gave a rational explanation ( h[ & :y ! aids %\ld be appli$4 ,! gallop *anges mu/ h be5 successfully dem&$ f "t immemorial1 b1 z has be5 said1 x 0 always consid]$ a difficult p]=mance to procure ) c]ta9ty & precision1 & 9 _m cases 0 made z a turn 0 begun1 ! =eh& beg9n+ ! *ange :i* w\ld leave ! h9d legs false = t /ride4 ,:5 ! photographs prov$ t ! h9d legs 7 committ$ to a c]ta9 ord] be=e ! horse left ! gr\nd 9 ea* leap1 x 0 app>5t t ! *ange mu/ take place 9 ! h9d qu>t]s z soon z ! legs ( t "p 7 free to *ange _! ord]2 & t ! legs ( ! =eh& mu/ make a correspond+ *ange :5 !y 7 free1 :5 ! gallop *ange w\ld be f9i%$ 9 "o /ride1 )\t a false /ep4 ,to make ! horse *ange1 say f gallop "r to gallop left1 9 any /ride1 ! =ces mu/ fir/ be fairly unit$2 ! "r heel %\ld be appli$ :5 ! =eh& is d[n1 & z ! h9d legs are leav+ ! gr\nd2 imm$iately !reaft]1 z ! =eh& is ris+1 ! left re9 %\ld make a slight play :i* w insure ! *ange 9 ! =e legs1 & ! *ange w be complet$ )\t a false /ep & )\t any di/urbance ( ! pace4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hh4--,,:eel ,,9 ,,gallop ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hi4--,,pir\ette ,,:eel ,! *ange f gallop left to gallop "r may be dem&$ 9 a simil> mann]1 ! left leg ( ! rid] & ! "r re9 giv+ ! indications4 ,! gallops previ\sly describ$ are ^? 9 :i* ! pace is true1 ! only =ms 9 :i* lie ease & safety4 ,if ! horse be 9 gallop "r 7or left7 & turns to ! left 7or "r71 x is false 9 ! gallop1 & may fall4 ,if ! horse has gallop "r 7or left7 9 ! =eh& & gallop left 7or "r7 9 ! h9d qu>t]1 x is 9 ! cross-gallop1 :i* is wrong1 & ! error %\ld be imm$iately rectifi$4 ,to make ! horse take gallop "r f ! halt1 ! walk1 or ! sl[ trot1 ! rid] %\ld fir/ collect ! =ces ( ! animal1 apply ! left heel1 & make a slight upw>d play ) ! "r re92 :5 giv5 suffici5t fre$om1 ! horse w />t (f ) ! legs ( ! "r side lead+4 ,gallop left w be procur$ 9 a simil> mann] by ! use ( ! "r heel & ! left re94 ,9 a sl[1 measur$1 regul>ly cad5c$ pace1 ! horse %\ld be ridd5 9 ! gallop on /raight l9es & on circles1 ! rid] be+ c>eful t ! horse is 9 ! true gallop on ! turns4 ,habitually ! horse %\ld be kept 9 h&1 b f "t to "t clos] =ms ( union %\ld be dem&$1 until ! rid] c br+ ! horse to ! half-halt & resume ! gallop )\t /ruggle or di/urbance 9 ! pace4 ,9 tea*+ ! horse to *ange f gallop "r 7or left7 to gallop left 7or "r7 9 ! beat ( ! pace1 ! rid] %\ld put ! horse 9 a sl[ gallop & aft] a :ile br+ ! animal to a sl[ trot = a few /rides1 & f t pace dem& ! gallop ) ! o!r side lead+4 ,^! trott+ /eps w be gradually r$uc$ & be replac$ by ! half-halt1 9 :i* ! *ange %\ld be made2 &1 f9ally1 disreg>d+ ! half-halt1 ! rid] w be able to dem& ! *ange 9 any /ride )\t break+ ! cad5ce4 ,9 a sl[1 unit$ gallop ! horse %\ld be ridd5 on two pa?s1 on /raight l9es & on circles1 9 exactly ! same mann] z 9 ! trot1 ! horse be+ 9 gallop "r 9 pass+ to ! "r1 9 gallop left 9 pass+ to ! left1 ! =eh& slightly 9 advance ( ! cr\p4 ,! :eel 9 ! gallop is produc$ by foll[+ a small circle on two pa?s1 ! cr\p t[>d ! c5tre4 ,:5 ! turn is s %ort & ! union s close t ! inn] h9d leg ( ! horse rema9s on "o spot1 we h ! pir\ette :eel1--a v important movem5t = ! m\nt$ soldi] & a valuable "o = _m reasons to e horseman4 ,_m =ms ( ex]cise adapt$ to discipl9+ ! horse 9 v>i\s ways w sugge/ !mselves to ! rid]4 ,z1 = example1 tak+ gallop "r on a /raight l9e1 br++ ! horse to a half-halt1 mak+ a gallop :eel1 !n a *ange ( lead1 & return+ ov] ! same pa? 9 gallop left4 ,or1 pass+ on two pa?s 9 gallop left1 com+ to a half-halt1 *ang+ lead1 & go+ (f at a "r angle 9 gallop "r4 ,or1 rid+ 9 gallop to "r 7or left7 on a s+le pa? on ! circumf]5ce ( a small circle & *ang+ lead 9 ! beat ( ! pace to g on a simil> circle to ! o!r h&1 mak+ a figure #h )\t di/urb+ ! pace4 ,) a little practice ! tra9$ horse may be br\ght to make a f9i%$ halt 9 any /ride ( ! gallop )\t %ock or dang] ( injury to ! animal4 ,! rid]1 to obta9 ?is1 %\ld accu/om ! horse to come to a halt f ! walk1 9 answ] to ! pressure ( 8 legs & an increas$ t5sion ^u ! re9s4 ,!n ! halt %\ld be dem&$ 9 ! same mann] f ! trot4 ,:5 ! horse has be5 taught ! v>i\s =ms ( collection 9 ! gallop1 ! rid] may br+ x to a halt 9 t pace by lean+ back1 clos+ 8 legs aga9/ ! sides ( ! animal & rais+ ! bridle-h&1 at ! mom5t ! h9d legs are leav+ ! gr\nd4 ,! result ( ?is employm5t ( ! aids w be to induce ! horse to c>ry ! h9d legs simultane\sly "u ! mass & s /op ! advance2 & ^u ! release ( ! t5sion ^u ! re9s ! =eh& w take a normal position & ! halt w h be5 effect$ 9 "o /ride4 ,?is position ( ! h9d legs "u ! body ( ! horse gives an ela/ic be>+ t w prev5t any %ock t might injuri\sly affect ! h\ghs ( ! animal4 ,all c>efully conduct$ tra9+ is assurance aga9/ /ra9s or hurts to ! horse1 & an animal t has n be5 s*ool$ is f> m apt to slip or 9 "s way injure itself ?an "o t has be5 taught to p]=m ! mo/ viol5t movem5ts ( ! mange4 ,( ! scores ( horses ,i h tra9$1 n "o ev] ?rew a curb or a spav9 :ile 9 my h&s1 & all ( !m 7 ! bett] 9 e way = ! "w !y 7 call$ ^u to d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ij4--;,,back+4 ,,! ,,impulse ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ia4--;,,back+ ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,back+ ,! saddle-horse %\ld g backw>d 9 ! walk ) ! same fre$om & lightness z t ) :i* x advances 9 t pace2 & x %\ld pass to ei!r h& ) precision1 ! spur dem&+ ! *anges ( direction1 ! bits1 act+ l a rudd]1 guid+ ! =eh& ^u ! pa? along :i* ! cr\p moves4 ,a few lessons on foot greatly facilitate ! tea*+ ( ?is movem5t4 ,! tra9]1 /&+ at ! left %\ld] ( ! animal & grasp+ ! snaffle-re9s "u ! *9 ( ! horse1 %\ld1 by means ( a few :ip taps ^u ! rump1 & ! re/ra9t ( ! bit1 make a fair collection ( its =ces4 ,!n1 aft] ! animal is /&+ quietly1 he %\ld r5ew ! :ip taps ^u ! rump until a h9d leg is flex$ z if = a =w>d movem5t2 at ?is mom5t ! h& %\ld draw ! re9s t[>d ! *e/ ( ! horse s t ! rais$ h9d leg w take "o /ep to ! re>4 ,! horse %\ld be l$ =w>d = a few /eps1 & be aga9 collect$4 ,9 ! same mann] two or m /eps to ! re> %\ld be dem&$ & ! horse be made to advance :ile ! c5tre ( gravity is balanc$ & easily br\ght =w>d1 ! horse be+ kept light & ! impulses al]t4 ,! /eps to ! re> w be gradually increas$ 9 numb]1 until ! horse w back any di/ance ev5ly & freely1 ! :ip be+ ready to prev5t too rapid a retreat1 & h& & :ip ma9ta9+ ! collection2 b ! =w>d movem5t mu/ always be dem&$ be=e a complete halt is effect$1 & an impulse obta9$ be=e ! horse is call$ ^u to back4 ,! rid] %\ld !n m\nt & br+ ! horse 9 h&4 ,by ! pressure ( ! heels he %\ld dem& an impulse1 & :5 a h9d leg is flex$ x %\ld be c>ri$ to ! re>2 ! rid]'s legs %\ld !n close aga9/ ! sides ( ! horse1 ! h& give fre$om1 & ! animal %\ld be s5t =w>d a few /eps4 ,gradually ! horse %\ld be made to g to ! re> = any di/ance1 e /ep be+ dem&$ by h& & heels1 ! latt] prev5t+ too rapid or too irregul> a movem5t1 ! h& requir+ ! rais$ legs to be c>ri$ back4 ,to turn to ! "r1 ! left leg ( ! rid] %\ld give an increas$ pressure1 & ! "r re91 its effects measur$ by ! left re91 %\ld give an increas$ t5sion ^u ! horse's jaw1 s t ! =eh& w foll[ ! cr\p4 ,! turns to ! left w be made 9 ! same mann]1 ! "r heel ( ! rid] & ! left re9 ex]t+ ! great] influ5ce4 ,9 go+ backw>d 9 ! walk1 ! legs ( ! horse %\ld foll[ 9 regul> ord]1 b ! fir/ /ep to ! re> %\ld be made by a h9d leg1 because ! movem5t beg9s ) an impulse f ! cr\p2 & to insure ?is ! animal %\ld be collect$ be=e ! movem5t is begun4 ,! horse %\ld n be p]mitt$ to become heavy1 b1 by dem&+ a close collection1 e /ep %\ld be light & easy1 & ! balance %\ld be su* t ! animal w be capable ( go+ =w>d at any mom5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,jump+ ,a v useful app>atus = tea*+ ! horse to jump cleanly & will+ly is a little gate or hurdle1 ab\t ?ree feet wide1 made ) ?ree b>s2 ! l[] "o fix$ at eighte5 in*es f ! gr\nd to b9d ! uprights1 :i* %\ld be ab\t ?ree feet 9 height2 ! o!r two b>s be+ removable1 "o to fit 9 slots two & a half feet f ! gr\nd1 ! o!r to fit on ! top ( ! uprights4 ,b ( c\rse any b> w answ] ! purpose4 ,) ! upp] two b>s remov$1 ! hurdle %\ld be plac$ on a bit ( level gr\nd & ! horse l$ ov] ! l[] b> two or ?ree times1 ! tra9] hold+ ! snaffle-re9s ne> ! bit4 ,:5 ! horse has be5 accu/om$ to walk ov] ! b>1 ! man %\ld take ! ends ( ! re9s & let ! horse cross 9 a sl[ trot2 ?is ! animal w probably d 9 a leap1 :5 ! man %\ld br+ x to a halt & rew>d x ) c>esses4 ,!n ! next b> %\ld be plac$ betwe5 ! uprights1 & ! horse1 held by ! l5g? ( ! re9s1 be br\ght up at a trot to jump ! hurdle & rew>d$ = its ob$i5ce4 ,aft] a few lessons giv5 ) ! two b>s1 ! ?ird b> %\ld be plac$ on ! uprights & ! horse be made to take ! jump ( ?ree feet 9 ! same mann]1 be+ rew>d$ aft] ea* leap4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ib4--;,,jump+ ,,9 ,,h& ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ic4--,,! ,,n>r[ ,,hurdle ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #id4--;,,jump+ ,,9 ,,h& ,if ! horse attempts to avoid ! hurdle by runn+ out at ei!r side1 x %\ld be correct$ by a h>% ^w & br\ght back to make ano!r trial2 & if x becomes /ubborn & p]si/s 9 its disob$i5ce1 x %\ld be giv5 ! fir/ lesson ( walk+ ov] ! l[e/ b>4 ,:5ev] a horse %[s a settl$ indisposition to d :at is dem&$1 ! tra9] %\ld endeavor to get "s little pret5ce ( compliance & give up ! "w = ! day4 ,= if ! horse is n 9 humor = ! "w1 x is idle to p]si/4 ,:5 ! horse is jump+ 9 h&1 ! tra9] mu/ look to x t ! leaps are p]fectly made2 t is1 t ! horse rises high en\gh 9 ! =eh&1 & no high] ?an is requisite to enable x to cle> ! ob/acle ) ! =e legs1 & t ! h9d legs are ga!r$ suffici5tly "u ! body to br+ !m cle>4 ,%\ld ! horse n b5d ! =e legs to 8 satisfaction1 ! tra9] %\ld t\* ! =e legs ) ! :ip j bel[ ! knee z ! horse rises2 & %\ld ! horse be c>eless 9 ! action ( ! h9d legs1 a :ip /roke "u ! belly w make ! animal ga!r ! h9d legs "u its body4 ,aft] ! horse takes ! hurdle ) p]fect calmness :5 held by ! snaffle-re9s1 ! tra9] %\ld accu/om ! animal to jump ov] ! ob/acle :ile on ! longe-re91 ! tra9] be+ !n twelve or fifte5 feet away f ! hurdle4 ,!n1 ! horse be+ habituat$ to jump ! n>r[ ob/acle )\t reluctance1 rugs1 color$ clo?s1 or any?+ ( ! k9d t might ord9>ily al>m a horse %\ld be plac$1 fir/ ne> ! hurdle & !n ^u x1 z ! horse jumps x at ! l5g? ( ! longe-l9e4 ,! tra9] %\ld !n m\nt & ride ! horse ov] ! b> fix$ at two & a half feet4 ,he %\ld fir/ take ! horse up to ! ob/acle 9 a sl[1 collect$ trot1 us+ ! snaffle-re9s1 & :5 ! horse is by its mom5tum committ$ to ! jump1 he %\ld give x lib]ty to take (f z x pleases & (f] a light support z ! =eh& aga9 comes to ! gr\nd4 ,if ! horse does n flex ! h9d legs suffici5tly1 a :ip /roke beh9d ! gir?s w induce x to br+ ! h9d legs well "u ! body4 ,b z f> z is possible ! use ( :ip or spur z ! horse jumps %\ld be avoid$1 & ! animal %\ld be mettlesome & lively :5 x approa*es ! ob/acle1 & be ready to ex]t itself ) a w4 ,! top b> %\ld !n be plac$ on ! uprights1 & ! horse be ridd5 ov] ! hurdle n[ ?ree feet high1 fir/ 9 ! sl[ trot1 !n f ! halt1 & f9ally f ! sl[ gallop4 ,9 ! jump f ! walk1 ! trot1 & ! sl[ gallop1 ! rid] %\ld incl9e 8 body slightly =w>d z ! horse rises & b5d 8 body back1 m or less dep5d+ ^u ! height ( ! drop1 z ! =eh& comes d[n1--8 feet c>ri$ to ! re>1 s t !re %all be no pressure aga9/ ! /irrup to di/urb ! seat4 ,horses jump 9 all sorts ( =ms4 ,"s horses d n rise until q "u ! ob/acle1 :5 !y squat d[n1 g up almo/ p]p5dicul>ly1 & drop on ! o!r side q z sudd5ly4 ,o!rs take (f at a fair di/ance1 jump easily1 & l& /eadily4 ,! rid] mu/ be prep>$1 h[ev]1 to b5d 8 body 9 accordance ) ! movem5ts ( ! horse4 ,9 rid+ at a v high ob/acle1 ! horse %\ld be sl[ly collect$ at a mod]ate gallop2 & :5 ! horse has fac$ ! leap1 ! rid]'s h& %\ld give ! animal lib]ty to act freely1 & z x alights he %\ld (f] "s support4 ,i ?9k t ne>ly e "w on rid+ w>ns ! read] t "o _c raise ! horse4 ,x is true t 9 ! /ate ( collection 9 :i* mo/ horses are ridd5 x w\ld take a block & tackle to br+ up ! =eh&2 b :at %all we call ! pir\ette1 ! curvet1 ! pesade1 or ev5 ! support ! rid] gives ! /umbl+ horse s t a leg may be put "u ! fall+ animal1 b a rais+ ( ! =eh&8 ,9 jump+1 h[ev]1 ! rid] mu/ n attempt to lift ! horse2 he mu/ tru/ to ! in/9cts ( ! animal necess>y to cle> ! ob/acle & = ! disposition ( its be>]s to secure safety 9 l&+4 ,aft] fac+ ! horse to ! jump1 ! rid] %\ld give ! animal fre$om ( action1 n by mak+ su* a *ange on ! t5sion ( ! re9s z might br+ ! animal d[n1 b by giv+ 8 arms su* play t ! horse may ext5d itself4 ,:5 ! animal alights1 x mu/ f9d "s support f ! bit1 s t 9 case ( a peck or ( a /umble ! =eh& c rise until a be>] comes "u ! c5tre ( gravity & saves a fall4 ,! b5d+ back ( ! rid]'s body z ! =eh& rea*es ! gr\nd is1 ( c\rse1 ( great assi/ance 9 recov]+ f a mis/ep4 ,9 tak+ l[ jumps at a rac+ pace1 ! rid] ne$ n lean back z ! horse alights1 = ! mom5tum is s great t no *ange 9 ! body ( ! rid] is requir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ie4--;,,jump+ ,,n>r[ ,,hurdle ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #if4--;,,jump+ ,,n>r[ ,,hurdle ,sometimes1 ev5 "u su* circum/ances1 ! expect$ consequ5ces d n foll[ a mi/ake1 & x is a/oni%+ to see h[ a fly+ horse1 encumb]$ by a man ^u its %\ld]s1 may recov] f a /umble4 ,b hurdle-rac+ is poor sport1 nei!r jump+ nor rac+4 ,:5 ! horse w leap ! hurdle will+ly & p]fectly1 x %\ld be tak5 into ! fields & put ov] f5ces1 dit*es1 & /reams4 ,mo/ horses are at fir/ timid 9 fac+ wat]1 b ) a little c>e a horse may be made to attempt any ob/acle t is (f]$4 ,9 rid+ at broad wat] or at any wide jump1 ! rid] %\ld sit d[n 9 8 saddle & s5d ! horse =w>d 9 a good pace s t ! mom5tum w c>ry ! mass ov]4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 & 9 ,irel&1 9 ^? c\ntries :]e banks are sometimes ! b\nd>ies ( fields1 ! horses are taught1 usually by easy lessons 9 ! cavesson or by be+ driv5 be=e ! tra9] 9 long re9s1 to leap ^u ! top ( ! bank & f !nce across ! dit*4 ,! dext]ity & clev]ness ) :i* ^! animals w poise !mselves on ! top ( a slipp]y bank1 & ! security ) :i* !y w leap f su* insecure foot+1 are ?+s to be wond]$ at4 ,we are told t "s hunt]s are taught to drive !mselves =w>d by kick+ back at a /one wall4 ,i d n dispute ?is1 b ,i c say t ,i h se5 scores ( hunt]s go+ ov] su* ob/acles1 & any displacem5t ( /ones or /rik+ ( ! walls 0 manife/ly accid5tal2 & t f a /udy ( ! actions ( ! horse1 ! kick1 :ile 9 air1 w\ld 9 mo/ in/ances result 9 disa/]1 = bo? =e legs & h9d legs w\ld be ext5d$ at ! same "t4 ,i h _h horses kick out :5 jump+ on ! longe1 b ! =eh& w\ld !n be on ! gr\nd1 & a kick giv5 at su* a "t w\ld n b5efit ! jump4 ,! books say t 9 ! capriole ! kick to ! re> is giv5 :5 ! horse is 9 air1 b ! photographs prove t x is giv5 aft] ! horse alights4 ,9 jump+ = practice1 #d feet or #d feet #f in*es %\ld be high en\gh4 ,mo/ horses enjoy jump+1 b !y %\ld n be ask$ to d too mu*1 = !y readily take a dislike to ! sport4 ,a horse %\ld nev] be puni%$ z x is ab\t to make a jump2 ! rid] %\ld sit q /ill1 & he %\ld avoid rais+ an arm z ! horse goes into air1 z s _m m5 d1 = ! motion w di/ract ! att5tion ( ! horse at a critical mom5t4 ,! /&>d ( jump+ has gone up s mu* 9 rec5t ye>s t "o hesitates to say :]e ! limit w be f\nd4 ,a fri5d ( m9e has k9dly (f]$ me a mom5t photograph ( a horse ( f\r ye>s ( age pass+ ov] ! extraord9>y height ( sev5 feet "o & ?ree-qu>t]s in*es 7#g' #a74 ,i once ask$ a pr(essional rid] ( long exp]i5ce1 ! son ( a pr(essional rid]1 :at advice he w\ld give reg>d+ a fall f or ) ! horse4 ,he said t 9 fall+ he always b5t 8 *9 t[>d 8 *e/ to save ! neck1 & made himself z l a ball z possible4 ,to ?is ,i w add t ! man %\ld reta9 ! re9s 9 case ( a fall until he kn[s t he is free f ! /irrups4 ,horses us$ = jump+ %\ld h /rong h9d qu>t]s1 slop+ %\ld]s1 & good =e legs4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t "s ( ! f9e/ p]=m]s ov] high jumps h upright %\ld]s1 b ! horses are good 9 spite ( ! defect2 & on ! /eeple*ase c\rse we (t5 see brok5-d[n blood-horses come on z w9n]s1 b ^! animals are none ! bett] = _! injuries1 & are c]ta9ly dang]\s to ride4 ,:5 a woman rides at ob/acles1 h] l9e %\ld be on an arc to ! "r r ?an to ! left1 s t if ! horse falls %e w be on top ( ! animal & n p9n$ b5ea? x4 ,! design 9 giv+ ! e>ly lessons 9 jump+ ov] ! n>r[ hurdle is to habituate ! horse to take :at is (f]$ x )\t runn+ out1 = :5 x has be5 discipl9$ to leap an ob/acle t c\ld readily be avoid$1 x w n look = means ( escape :5 br\ght to face o!r objects4 ,my horses w cross ov] d\bles1 9 & out1 ! re9s hang+ ^u _! necks1 & ! ob/acles no m ?an two feet 9 wid?4 ,9 f9e1 a well-tra9$ horse w jump any?+ )9 its p[]s )\t urg+ & 9 ! safe/ mann]4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks ,i am conv9c$ t no?+ has be5 recomm5d$ 9 ?is "w t is n absolutely requisite 9 ! prop] tra9+ ( ! saddle-horse2 = ! same g5]al pr9ciples are obs]v$ 9 :at are consid]$ ! simple/ p]missible milit>y me?ods1 al?\gh !y are n always attempt$ 9 ! mann] ,i h foll[$4 ,b ev5 admitt+ t "s ( ! "w is useful only = its discipl9e1 to :i* ,i d n cons5t1 t w\ld 9 itself be a suffici5t reason = reta9+ x4 ,i h be5 told v frequ5tly1 by read]s1 t !y h _h no difficulty 9 und]/&+ ! in/ructions ,i h (f]$1 & ,i "k t !y %\ld be easily c>ri$ out1 see+ t ev5 n[ ,i tra9 my own horses )\t assi/ance4 ,x is advisable = ! man :o wi%es to tra9 8 own horse dur+ r\gh wea!r1 to h x ready = ! pleasant season1 to keep ! animal 9 "s public rid+-s*ool1 :]e he w h ! use ( ! r+1 until 8 "w is f9i%$1 unless1 :at is bett]1 he has "s b>n or o!r cov]$ area :]e he may c>ry on its education 9 spite ( fro/s & /orms4 ,x is important t1 once ! "w is begun1 !re %\ld be no int]ruption2 & 9 our climate ,i %\ld say t ,april is ! be/ mon? 9 :i* to beg9 ) a "y horse 9 ! op54 ,dur+ ! summ]1 ! flies are s annoy+ t x is difficult to keep ! att5tion ( ! animal2 & nei!r man nor horse is fitt$ 9 ! extremely cold wea!r ( w9t] = ! "w ( tra9+4 ,too mu* /ress _c be laid ^u ! importance ( suffici5t & frequ5t ex]cise = ! avoidance ( t n]v\s & excitable condition 9 ! horse kn[n z fre%ness4 ,( c\rse1 a horse t has be5 ?or\ghly discipl9$ is mu* m readily br\ght "u control ?an a "y animal t has n yet be5 taught to obey h& & heel in/9ctively1 b ev5 ! old1 well-drill$ horse may lose mu* ( its tra9+ if x be n v c>efully h&l$ aft] a long re/ ) high fe$+1 & x is f> bett] to run no risk ( insubord9ation4 ,! fre% horse may be consid]$ z hy/]ical & sometimes tempor>ily mad2 ev5 ^? :i* are mo/ docile :5 9 prop] "w become flighty ) /all-c\rage1 & may bite1 kick1 or plunge :5 fir/ br\ght into ! op5 air aft] "s days ( idl5ess4 ,^! freaks d n indicate a vici\s disposition1 b vice may gr[ out ( !m ?r\gh injudici\s treatm5t4 ,longe+ on ! cavesson1 a run 9 ! paddock1 or a brisk trot "u ! saddle w soon relieve ?is condition1 b :5 ! fre% horse is ridd51 x %\ld n be call$ ^u = any?+ beyond a good1 /eady pace until x becomes compos$4 ,"s jeal\s-m9d$ horses are easily spoil$ by pett+1 & f too frequ5t indulg5ces at improp] times 9 sug> & 9 su* da9ties1 & %[ a na/y temp] :5 disappo9t$ 9 _! expectations4 ,^! animals %\ld be treat$ ) uni=m k9dness1 b %\ld n be taught to look = su* favors e "t ! rid] dism\nts or approa*es4 ,at regul> fe$+ times ! "o :o is to ride ! horse may give x an occasional treat1 nev] :5 ! animal is bridl$1 = ! bit mu/ always be clean & smoo?4 ,a k9d ^w or a c>ess is suffici5t rew>d = good behavior1 & a h>% ^w is ! mo/ effective correction t c be giv54 ,! :ip & ! spur mu/ be employ$ to en=ce dem&s1 b ^! in/rum5ts %\ld be us$ promptly & = reasons1 nev] = puni%m5t4 ,= example1 if a horse hangs back1 or %[s a dis9cl9ation to pass an object1 a sm>t rap ( ! rod w usually s5d x along2 b if !re is a positive refusal1 repeat$ applications ( ! :ip or spur w "w great h>m1 & ! rid] %\ld obta9 ! desir$ ob$i5ce by "s ruse :i* w h a la/+ good effect ^u ! animal4 ,a mom5t's reflection %\ld %[ ! read] t a comb9$ horse 7t is1 "o suit$ = h>ness & rid+7 is an anomaly1 = ! fir/ requisite 9 a saddle-horse is t x %\ld h a c>riage t is inconsi/5t ) t to :i* x is accu/om$ 9 draw+ loads4 ,!re w\ld be no great h>m 9 putt+ a "y horse 9 light h>ness = a %ort "t to /eady x1 b aft] its tra9+ = ! saddle has be5 und]tak5 x %\ld nev] be> a coll>4 ,a horse t is habituat$ to h>ness _c h light & balanc$ action "u ! rid]4 ,! animal t is taught to ?r[ its weight aga9/ ! traces w travel ^u its %\ld]s & be apt to trip :5 ! weight ( a man augm5ts ! defects ( t mode ( mov+4 ,! day be=e ?is page 0 writt5 a fri5d ( ! au?or rem>k$ t a comb9$ horse :i* _h nev] made a mi/ake 9 h>ness _h j giv5 him a fall2 & a great numb] ( su* in/ances might be cit$4 ,a poor rid] may ?r[ any horse1 & 9 n9ety-n9e cases out ( a hundr$ a fall is ! fault ( ! rid]1 b x requires a good & c>eful horseman to keep old ,dobb9 on 8 feet :5 ! animal is tak5 out ( ! %afts & put "u ! saddle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ig4--;,,hurdle-,,rac+ ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ih4--;,,high ,,jump+4 ,,mr4 ,,a%brook',s ,,?i/l$[n ,! only c]ta9 me?od ( correct+ ! faults ( a spoil$ horse is to retra9 ! animal f ! v fir/ lessons 9 ! cavesson4 ,9 ?is mann] discipl9e may be re/abli%$1 b ! animal w ne>ly always be dispos$ to rev]t to old tricks1 p>ticul>ly s if x rema9s 9 ! h&s ( him :o has p]mitt$ ! lib]ties :i* grew into vice4 ,"s horses are ev] on ! look\t = opportunities ( tak+ advantage ( a timid or irresolute rid]1 & su* are out ( place ) him :o lacks n]ve1 & %\ld be turn$ ov] to bett] horsem54 ,:5 faults are due to incurable physical or m5tal defects1 x is useless to attempt to rem$y !m4 ,t mu* may be done by skilful "w to r5d] su* animals less dang]\s is true1 b ! game is n wor? ! c&le4 ,a horse t is gr\nd-%y1 t is1 "o :i* sees objects at its feet 9 a di/ort$ =m1 or t is subject to fits ( t]ror or excitem5t1 is n suit$ to ! saddle4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x w n be difficult to f9d horses t w prove p]fectly tractable & /eady z long z !y h regul> "w4 ,= ye>s ,i made a /udy ( ! vices ( ! horse by tak+ su* z _h prov$ tr\blesome to see :at c\ld be done 9 ! way ( correct+ v>i\s faults4 ,f my exp]i5ce ,i ?9k x may be said t all horses are am5able to discipl9e except ^? t are fooli% or ( su* n]v\s conditions t !y are 9 effect unmanageable4 ,! bolt] 0 /opp$ by ! spurs2 ! re>+ horse 0 cur$ by suppl+2 ! re/ive horse 0 confus$ & conqu]$2 ! bully yield$ to bully+2 b ! fool horse took no degree4 ,! gr[+ fancy = saddle-horses ( l>ge size1 because1 p]haps1 !y are m effective to ! eye1 is an evil1 = bre$]s w und]take to furni% su* animals z are 9 dem& at ! exp5se ( f> m valuable qualities1 & ! re>+ ( m$ium-siz$1 active horses w be l>gely discont9u$1 = ! m>ket rules ! /ock f>m4 ,x is ! exp]i5ce ( all horsem5 t #ae h&s is ! limit ( height = a p]fect saddle-horse1 except "u v exceptional circum/ances4 ,:5 ! w\ld-be sell] ( a leggy horse ass]ts t x rides l a pony1 he recognizes ! g5]al sup]iority ( ! small] animal & probably is 9 error reg>d+ 8 own4 ,z a rule1 a horse "u #ae is m active1 h>di]1 & ) great] /am9a ?an "o above t height4 ,x is quality t gives value to ! horse1 & ?is is usually f\nd to det]iorate 9 ^? ( excessive bulk4 ,did n ,dick5s rem>k t giants are weak 9 ! knees8 ,9 a previ\s *apt] ,i h said t ca/+ a horse by ! s-call$ ,r>ey sy/em is n a sov]eign cure = all vices1 & t ,i usually taught my horses to lie d[n )\t us+ any app>atus4 ,:5 a horse is s vici\s t a man may n approa* him )\t be+ attack$1 "s artificial re/ra9t mu/ be resort$ to & /raps us$ to conf9e & ?r[ ! horse4 ,b ) /eady horses !re are sev]al modes = ca/+ !m )\t ! employm5t ( any?+ beyond ! snaffle-bridle4 ,( c\rse1 x is n necess>y = an ord9>y saddle-horse to be taught to lie d[n1 b a good horseman %\ld "k h[ to dem& any?+1 & a little sup]flu\s k may be h&$ ov] to "s "o :o may h use = x4 ,a v easy way ( ca/+ a horse is = ! man to /& on ! (f or "r side ( ! animal & pick up its "r =e leg 9 8 left h&2 ?is he w c>ry back & at ! same "t draw ! snaffle-re9s1 held 9 ! "r h&1 to ! re>1 until ! horse comes d[n ^u ! knee ( ! "r =e leg2 a pull ^u ! left snaffle-re9 w !n br+ ! horse ov] on its "r side4 ,aft] "s lessons giv5 9 ?is mann]1 ! horse w c>ry back ! "r =e leg at ! application ( ! :ip & be br\ght to ! gr\nd by ! same use ( ! snaffle-re9s z above describ$4 ,aft] a few su* lessons ! rid] %\ld get into ! saddle1 & betwe5 ! taps ( ! :ip on ! "r %\ld] & b5d+ ! head ( ! horse %>ply to ! left he c br+ ! horse to gr\nd :ile he is m\nt$4 ,x is bett] = ! tra9] to avoid work+ ! "y horse :5 expos$ to high w9ds1 z ! animal is !n s di/urb$ & easily irritat$ t x is difficult to engage its att5tion1 & good progress c h>dly be obta9$4 ,if on any occasion ! "y horse p]si/s 9 refus+ ob$i5ce1 ! tra9] w d well to obta9 some?+ resembl+ discipl9e & return ! horse to ! /able r ?an ent] into a conte/ :i* may be ! s\rce ( mu* future tr\ble4 ,( c\rse1 if an old horse is mut9\s1 x %\ld be at once controll$ & br\ght to reason2 b except an occasional l>k due to excessive high spirits f want ( "w1 a tra9$ horse w n (t5 be guilty ( misconduct1 & ev5 !n x may be *eck$ by h& & heel4 ,no "o %\ld ride a horse t has ! habit ( /umbl+1 b sometimes ! mo/ agile ( animals w /ep on a roll+ /one or make a mi/ake ?r\gh c>elessness4 ,:5 a good horse trips & falls1 ! rid] is almo/ always 9 fault2 9 ! fir/ place1 = lett+ ! horse gr[ c>eless1 & secondly1 = p]mitt+ ! animal to g d[n4 ,an active horse %\ld nev] /umble badly :5 ridd5 9 h&2 & if ! rid] leans back & supports ! =eh& until a be>] is c>ri$ "u ! c5tre ( gravity1 x is seldom t ! horse w fall4 ,_m falls are occasion$ by ! horse be+ leg we>y ?r\gh ov]work or f be+ ridd5 too rapidly at turns2 s t1 h[ev] ! m>k comes1 a brok5 knee is tak5 z a sign ( poor or c>eless rid+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ii4--,,rack+ ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajj4--,,runn+ ,,walk ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aja4--;,,ca/+ ,a ,,horse ,d\btless1 in/ruction 0 giv5 9 ! art ( rid+ by amateurs or by pr(ess$ tea*]s1 f ! "t ! horse came into use4 ,! e>lie/ exi/+ "w on horseman%ip is t ( ,x5ophon 7born #dcj ,b4,c472 !n !re is a hiatus until ! ,italian ,r5aissance1 s9ce :i* epo* we h _h _m works on ! subject2 b be=e ,x5ophon's "t1 & betwe5 t & ! appe>ance ( ,grisone's pr9t$ "w 9 #aeej 7my copy1 app>5tly a fir/ edition1 0 dat$ #aefj71 we may be sure t !re 0 no lack ( writ+s ^u ! subject1 lo/ ?r\gh ! p]i%able nature ( ! =m 9 :i* an au?or's labors 7 pres5t$4 ,( ! e>ly works ( ?is second appe>ance ! be/ kn[n are ^? ( ,anto9e de ,pluv9el1 equ]ry to ,l\is ,,xiii4 ( ,france1--a spl5did ef=t1 publi%$ 9 ,p>is 9 #afai1--;& t ( ! ,duke ( ,newca/le1 publi%$ 9 ,antw]p 9 #afea4 ,b none ( ! works on horseman%ip :i* appe>$ previ\sly to t ( ,bau*] are n[ ( any real value1 & ! me?od describ$ by ! ,fr5* ma/] is ! f\ndation ( all t is good 9 any mod]n sy/em4 ,,driv+ ,,h9ts ,,on ,,! ,,hi/ory1 ,,h\s+1 ,,h>ness+ ,,& ,,h&l+ ,,( ,,! ,,horse ,,by ,,price ,,colli] ,illi ardua c]vix1 ,argutumque caput1 brevis alvus1 obesaque t]ga1 ,luxuriatque toris animosum pectus4 ,,introduction ,,introduction ,all games1 pa/imes1 & sports wor?y ( ! "n are artificial "w4 ,:at our ance/ors did because !y mu/ to live1 we d because we f9d t vigor\s use ( our p[]s1 physical1 m5tal1 & moral1 makes liv+ m agreeable4 ,!y rode & %ot & fi%$1 walk$1 ran1 c>ri$ heavy weights1 *opp$ d[n trees1 paddl$ canoes1 sail$ boats1 f\ght wild bea/s1 hunt$ game = food1 & drove ox51 mules1 & horses because !y _h to d ^! ?+s to live4 ,we d _m ( ^! same ?+s4 ,we *op d[n trees1 paddle canoes1 sail boats1 run1 jump1 /ruggle aga9/ "o ano!r ) ! gloves or at football1 swim1 play golf & t5nis1 ride & drive1 b we call x sport6 ,9 reality x is artificial "w4 ,because ! environm5t has *ang$1 & we are no long] =c$ to d ^! ?+s = a liv+ & to live at all1 we n[ d !m to make our own liv+ m :olesome & agreeable1 & call ^! pursuits sports4 ,ei!r because human life orig9ally 0 safe/ to ^? :o 7 mo/ =midable at "w & at w>1 or because we are s con/itut$ t we _c live )\t ex]cise1 we /ill cont9ue ! physical ex]tions ( our =ebe>s "u ! "n ( sport4 ,! quality & ! value ( all games & sports may be te/$ & grad$ z to _! respective value accord+ z !y develop 9 _! patrons ! qualities t h>d "w develops4 ,heal?1 c\rage1 s]5ity ( _s1 good mann]s1 good n]ves1 t5acity ( purpose1 physical /r5g?1 7 ! rew>d ( ! h>d work]4 ,^? same qualities ought to be ! aim ( ! good sportsman4 ,! mom5t trick]y1 effem9acy1 babyism1 & unfair play become a "p ( sport1 ! :ole object ( sport1 its raison d'tre1 vani%es4 ,sport1 !re=e1 has ample excuse = be+1 & des]ves ! support ( all s]i\s well-wi%]s ( _! fell[-m5 to keep x clean4 ,! m s]i\sly1 !n1 sport is und]tak51--! m ne>ly x resembles "w1 9 %ort1--! m completely x accompli%es its purpose4 ,x goes )\t say+ t :5 sport absorbs ! :ole man x defeats its own aim1 s9ce x is int5d$ m]ely to supplem5t by artifice :at has be5 lo/ by ! *anges 9 man's environm5t4 ,n[ t %oot+1 fi%+1 sail+1 sp>r+1 rid+1 driv+1 are n necessities1 we wi% to reta9 /ill ! good results ( !m = m5 doom$ by ! re>rangem5t ( life to live m or less s$5t>y lives4 ,h5ce x is t books are writt5 on ^! subjects1 t m5 may take !m up s]i\sly1 /udy !m1 use _! heads at !m1 & ?us get ! be/ !re is out ( !m4 ,! m5 :o are be/ wor? pres]v+ are j ! m5 :o w give b a half-he>t$ allegiance to any?+1 unless x asks mu* ( !m & makes l>ge drafts ^u _! m5tal1 moral1 & physical en]gy4 ,to discov] to man or boy1 !re=e1 h[ mu* !re is ( tra9+ = 8 m9d & 8 body 9 any =m ( sport is well wor? :ile4 ,! m cle> x is t a sport or game requires k1 pati5ce1 c\rage1 tact1 & endurance1 all ( :i* make = success 9 ev]yday life1 ! m likely x is t x w become popul> among /urdy m54 ,! be/ ( our sports & games are1 z we %\ld expect1 ! mo/ difficult1 & require ! mo/ complete developm5t 9 _! patrons4 ,*ess1 :i/1 cricket1 golf1 f5c+1 sp>r+1 rid+ across c\ntry1 hunt+1 fi%+1 h kept _! place1 n because !y are easy1 b because !y are h>d4 ,all ^! games h be5 play$ = c5turies1 :ile ! m *ildi% pa/imes & sports come & g1 & p+-pong _! way to an e>ly oblivion4 ,! subject ( ?is book1 ! horse & h[ to h&le him 9 h>ness1 has n only ! advantage ( a sport requir+ mu* k1 & good physical ability1 & great moral self-control1 b x has ! fur!r v great advantage ( tea*+ all :o take "p 9 x some?+ ( :at is due to ! welf>e ( ! mo/ useful animal 9 ! _w4 ,?is sport n only develops its patron1 b 9 s do+ makes = ! developm5t & bett] c>e ( ! mo/ valuable helpmeet man has4 ,x is absurd to suppose t a man c be taught to drive )\t kn[+ some?+ ( ! elem5t>y ?+s ab\t ! horse4 ,he may be put ^u ! box1 ! re9s plac$ 9 8 h&s1 & c]ta9 cut-&-dri$ in/ructions giv5 him ab\t /opp+1 />t+1 & turn+2 b be=e he has driv5 five miles fifty ?+s w occur to him t he w wi% to "k ab\t4 ,a *ild ) a box ( colors & "s sket*es 9 outl9e c be told to pa9t ?is "p r$1 t "p blue1 t :ite1 ! o!r gre51 & s on1 & !re foll[s a picture ( a k9d4 ,b ! pa9t] kn[s h[ & :y ! colors are mix$1 & c\ld nev] be m ?an an automaton if he did n /udy ^! ?+s = himself4 ,a man on a box-seat ) f\r re9s 9 8 h&1 :o does n "k h[ ! horses 9 front ( him are h\s$1 f$1 %od1 h>ness$1 & bitt$1 & h[ by evolution !y came to be :at !y are physically & m5tally1 & ! relative positions ( _! vital organs & ! bones ( _! skeletons1 is n & w n be a coa*man ( any compet5cy until he kn[s some?+ ( ^! ?+s4 ,no man c bit a horse :o kn[s no?+ ( ! inside ( a horse's m\?2 nor c he fit him prop]ly ) 8 coll> unless he kn[s ! relative positions ( ! %\ld]-blade & hum]us2 nor c he see t 8 %oes are put on to fit him unless he kn[s some?+ ( ! =mation ( 8 foot2 nor c he sp>e him fatigue & help him ?r\gh 8 simpl] tr\bles on ! road1 or 9 ! /able1 unless he kn[s some?+ ( ! horse's physical make-up & ! weak & /rong po9ts ( him4 ,x is a great sport1 is driv+1 & sup]ior to all o!r sports 9 "o respect at lea/1 9 t x is ! mo/ useful ( sports4 ,any improvem5t 9 ! art ( driv+ actually adds to ! weal? ( ! _w 7vide *apt] on ! ,economic ,value ( ! ,horse74 ,9 ?is book we h begun at ! beg9n+1 & ! prop] title ( ! book w\ld be1 ,h9ts on ! ,hi/ory1 ,h\s+1 ,h>ness+1 & ,h&l+ ( ! ,horse4 ,ea* "o ( ^! subjects w\ld require a volume1 & volumes inde$ h be5 writt54 ,a complete bibliography ( horse lit]ature w\ld numb] well on t[>d ?ree ?\s& volumes4 ,9 ?is small volume x is int5d$ to sugge/ to horse own]s ! necess>y l9es ( k1 ) some?+ m ?an ! elem5ts ( ea*4 ,! bibliography at ! end ( ! volume (f]s ! opportunity to g m deeply into any or all ( ^! dep>tm5ts z ta/e1 fancy1 or love ( ! sport may dictate4 ,no "o volume c d m ?an ?is1 & to ea* individual is giv5 ! opportunity to discov] :at he ought to "k1 & ! opportunity to supplem5t 8 k accord+ to 8 p>ticul> requirem5ts4 ,= sugge/ions1 good c\nsel1 & valuable in=mation ,i am indebt$ to _m4 ,among !m ,i mu/ m5tion "h ,r4 ,w4 ,rives1 ,esq42 ,frank ,k4 ,/urgis1 ,esq42 ,pr(essor ,h5ry ,f4 ,osborn1 ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum2 ,william ,pollock1 ,esq42 ,!odore ,frel+huys51 ,esq41 ,capta9 ,pirie1 & ,f[nes ( ,london2 ,h[lett pre ( ,p>is1 & 8 son ,morris ,h[lett1 n[ ( ,new ,york2 ,t4 ,suff]n ,tail]1 ,esq41 late presid5t ( ! ,new ,york ,t&em ,club2 & o!rs4 ,!y w1 ,i tru/1 =give my errors1 & take to !mselves1 z !y des]ve to d1 ! cr$it = su* value z ?is small volume has1 9 add+ to ! com=t ( driv]s & ! welf>e ( ! horse4 ,,driv+ ,,*apt] ,i ,,economic ,,value ,,( ,,! ,,horse ,9 deal+ ) ! horse z a s\rce ( national income1 or z an opportunity = sport & pleasure1 !re is little to be taught ,am]icans along ! l9es ( h>ness-mak+1 c>riage-build+1 & o!r me*anical appliances = ! com=t & be/ use ( ! animal4 ,b bo? own]s ( horses & _! c>e-tak]s are (t5 lam5tably ignorant ( ! g5]al hi/ory ( ! horse4 ,if "o is to get mo/ value out ( ! horse on ! f>m1 z a draught animal 9 city /reets1 or on ! road1 9 h>ness or "u saddle1 "s k ( 8 pa/ hi/ory & pres5t value _c be out ( place4 ,! h>ness1 ! bit1 ! vehicle1 may be "r1 b ! head1 h&s1 he>t1 & temp] ( ! coa*man may be wrong4 ,to "k h[ ! horse came to be :at he is1 & to "k some?+ ( ! k9d ( a ma*9e t he n[ is1 w d mu* to expla9 8 vag>ies1 & ev5 m to make 8 own] & us] m pati5t1 m g5tle1 & m intellig5t 9 h&l+ him4 ,y d n expect poetry f a blacksmi?1 nor a f\rte5-in* =e>m on a poet4 ,y deal ) m5 ! m com=tably ! m y "k ( _! antec$5ts & tra9+4 ,! same is ev5 m true ( ?is subject ( horses4 ,x is n necess>y t a man %\ld be an exp]i5c$ navigator or an (f-%ore sailor to enjoy a ya*t2 b on ! o!r h& !re is no "q b t ! man :o kn[s mo/ ( ^! matt]s gets ! mo/ enjoym5t out ( 8 boat4 ,x is n necess>y to write books 9 ord] to enjoy !m2 b ! practice ( writ+ adds an hundr$ fold to ! enjoym5t ( o!r m5's books4 ,x is n necess>y t a man %\ld be an accompli%$ palontologi/1 & an exp]i5c$ vet]9>y1 9 ord] t he may take pleasure 9 8 /able2 b "s k ( ^! matt]s adds greatly to "o's und]/&+ ( ! prop] treatm5t ( horses1 & greatly1 too1 to "o's /ock ( pati5ce 9 deal+ ) _! ecc5tricities & ob/9acies4 ,mad m5 & mad horses nev] w agree toge!r4 ,! horse is n an intellig5t animal z a rule4 ,he is ! only animal t loses its head to ! po9t ( its own ext]m9ation :5 n re/ra9$ & controll$4 ,he has no affectionate recognition ( ev5 8 be/ fri5ds4 ,y\r dog twi/s himself into extravagant physical contortions :5 y return aft] a mon?'s abs5ce2 y\r horse1 on ! o!r h&1 is no m w>m 9 8 welcome ?an y\r saddle4 ,he is1 n[ t he has be5 s long gu>d$ & c>$ = by man1 a pitiably helpless animal :5 left to himself4 ,! m]e fact t ! re9s lie on ! da%-bo>d1 t he he>s no voice beh9d him1 t he is free1 s5ds him (f at a gallop--possibly to 8 own de/ruction4#a ,a c]ta9 politician f ,t5nessee1 9 describ+ a p>ticul>ly erratic p>ty lead]1 said t he rem9d$ him ( a horse sold to a fri5d ( 84 ,_m que/ions 7 ask$ conc]n+ ! horse1 & f9ally ! sell] 0 ask$ ab\t 8 gaits4 ,aft] "s hesitation he f9ally drawl$1 ,well1 ,i guess 8 natural gait is runn+ away6 ,?is is true ( practically all horses1 & x is because he is s well kn[n to man & s useful to man1 & because he is among/ ! animals ! greate/ pleasure giv] to man1 t "s k ( 8 anci5t & mod]n antec$5ts & tra9+ is desirable4 ,am]ica is ! home ( ! horse 9 m s5ses ?an "o4 ,we h m money inve/$ 9 horse-fle% ?an any o!r c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,a v cons]vative e/imate ( ! value ( ! horses 9 ?is c\ntry is some?+ ov] #a1jej1ifi1jic4 ,sci5tific m5 tell u1 too1 t ! fir/ horses 7 natives ( ?is c\ntry4 ,! prehi/oric horse ( ,am]ica probably w&]$ across ,behr+'s ,/rait to ,europe1 ,africa1 & ,asia at a "t :5 t passage 0 dry l&4 ,?\gh ! e>lie/ travell]s to1 & ! fir/ settl]s 91 ,am]ica f\nd no horses "h1 !re is no d\bt t ! horse orig9at$ on ?is cont95t4 ,:y ! horse disappe>$ entirely f ?is cont95t = a long p]iod ( "t1 :ile fl\ri%+ p>ticul>ly 9 ,africa & ,asia z well z 9 ,europe1 is "o ( ! my/]ies t sci5ce has n expla9$4 ,:e!r ! ice age de/roy$ !m1 or a plague or flood swept !m away no "o kn[s4 ,two facts are well kn[n3 ! fir/ is t ! olde/ rema9s ( ! horse are f\nd 9 ?is c\ntry2 ! second is t :5 ,columbus t\*$ at :at is n[ ,san ,dom+o 9 #adic he br\ght ) him horses1 animals t = ?\s&s ( ye>s _h n be5 se5 "h4 ,9 f\r hundr$ ye>s we h become ! l>ge/ own]s & us]s ( horses 9 ! _w4 ,our agricultural supremacy is due 9 great "p to our use ( horse-p[] 9 our fields & f>ms4 ,our sup]iority 9 ?is respect may be se5 at a glance by a comp>ison ( ! numb] ( horses 9 ! lead+ ,european c\ntries & our own4 ,x is to be not$ t 9 _m cases ^! figures comprise1 n m]ely ! numb] ( horses on f>ms1 b ! total numb] 9 ! c\ntry4 ,= ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! numb] giv5 is = horses on f>ms only4 ,,c\ntry ,,date ,,numb] ,great ,brita9 #aija #a1eaa1dca ,irel& #aija #dia1chj ,briti% ,india #aijj #a1cdc1hhj ,au/ralia #aijj #a1ibb1ebb ,arg5t9e ,republic #aijj #d1ddg1jjj ,au/ria #ahii #a1gaa1jgg ,hung>y #ahie #b1cjh1deg ,france #aijj #b1ijc1jfc ,g]many #aijj #d1ahd1jii ,italy #ahij #gjb1cij ,japan #aijj #a1edg1afj ,russia1 includ+ ,sib]ia #ahih #be1ced1jjj ,unit$ ,/ates #aijj #ba1baf1hhh ,i[a1 ,ill9ois1 & ,texas h ea* almo/ z _m horses z ,great ,brita91 & ^! ?ree /ates alone h m horses betwe5 !m ?an any =eign c\ntry except ,russia4 ,^! figures d n include ! mules :i* are m ext5sively us$ "h ?an 9 any o!r c\ntry4 ,includ+1 ) ! horses1 mules1 & asses on f>ms1 ^? n on f>ms1 x is probable t ! ,unit$ ,/ates has m "w animals ?an ev5 ! ,russian ,empire1 ,sib]ia includ$1 ) a population exce$+ t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates by _m millions4 ,! horse-p[]1 includ+ mules1 on ,am]ican f>ms is at lea/ six times t ( ,g]many2 twelve times t ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&2 eight times t ( ,france2 ?irty times t ( ,italy2 & six times t ( ,au/ria & ,hung>y comb9$4 ,?is diff]5ce 9 horse-p[] on ,am]ican f>ms gives u a great advantage ov] o!r c\ntries--s great an advantage inde$ t our competition affects l& values 9 ,europe1 & is gradually =c+ a readju/m5t ( ! indu/ries ( ! _w4 ,x is e/imat$ t we h inve/$ 9 horse-fle% 9 ?is c\ntry #a1jej1ifi1jic4 ,9 #aija we export$ #hb1bej horses1 :ile 9 #ahia we export$ only #caaj1 & ! numb] ( horses increas$ f #d1ccg1jjj 9 #ahej to #af1ife1jjj 9 #aijj4 ,s9ce #ahej ! numb] ( f>ms has increas$ #bif4a p] c5t2 acres ( improv$ l& #bfg4j p] c5t2 & ( horses #bia4b p] c5t1 :i* seems to %[ t despite ! increas$ use ( ma*9]y ! horse is /ill a necessity 9 agriculture4 ,:at c\ld be ga9$ economically by ! intellig5t break+1 bre$+1 %oe+1 fe$+1 h>ness+1 bitt+1 driv+1 & h&l+ ( horses 9 ?is c\ntry is n easily calculable4 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! am\nt ( "w "o horse c d :5 he is prop]ly /abl$1 f$1 h>ness$1 & driv51 multipli$ by millions1 gives "o "s idea ( ! economic utility ( su* k4 ,x is well kn[n t good roads add enorm\sly to ! availability ( agricultural l& & has a notable effect ^u ! *eap5+ ( f>m products4 ,! fir/ m5 to agitate = good roads1 & !y :o d mo/ to see t good roads are provid$1 are ! us]s ( horses4 ,"o might inde$ write a tell+ *apt] ( eulogy on ! horse1 if "o gave him ! cr$it due him1 = br++ ab\t ! *eap5+ ( products necess>y to ! com=t & pleasure ( mank9d4 ,?is :ole subject ( ! c>e ( ! horse takes on a new aspect :5 x is look$ at ) ^! figures 9 m9d4 ,books on driv+1 rid+1 & ! l %\ld be class$1 n m]ely ) books ( sport & pleasure1 b ) sci5tific & economic treatises4 ,we are a nation ) ov] a billion doll>s inve/$ 9 equ9e ma*9]y4 ,x is an absurd misund]/&+ ( ! subject to look ^u ! "t1 money1 & intellig5ce devot$ to ! driv+1 bitt+1 & h>ness+ ( horses z s mu* "t1 money1 & intellig5ce devot$ to a sport ( ! ri* & fa%ionable4 ,if we _h a /eel plant1 or a coal company ) #ajj1jjj1jjj inve/$ !re91 no inve/igation w\ld be too m9ute1 no sav+ ( labor "h1 no improvem5t !re1 & no sup]vision w\ld seem out ( place 9 add+ to ! economy & effici5cy ( su* an aggregation ( capital4 ,! man :o c bit1 h>ness1 & drive f\r horses1 or two horses1 com=tably to himself1 & to 8 horses1 is add+ j s mu* to ! und]/&+ ( a subject :i* is ( practical bread-&-butt] int]e/ to e man1 woman1 & *ild 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,e ounce m ( "w t a horse c be h>ness$ to d1 e practical h9t t ! ma/] ( horses c be induc$ to apply1 e y>d ( road t c be improv$1 take some?+ (f ! co/ ( ev]y?+ we eat1 dr9k1 or we>4 ,to put a coa* on ! road = a few weeks 9 ! spr+1 to turn out a well-mann]$ pair = a lady's phaeton1 to temp] ! disposition ( two horses s t !y b[l along pleasantly 9 a t&em1 may at ! fir/ blu% seem to be m]ely ! idle vag>ies ( ! unemploy$ ri*4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! k & pati5ce requir$ 9 ^! ex]cises p]colates ?r\gh all classes ( horse own]s1 & produces a m>k$ effect f ! utilit>ian /&po9t4 ,we ( ! l>ge cities1 ) /eam & electricity z our daily s]vants ( locomotion1 ignore ! tw5ty odd million agricultural ma*9es 9 ?is c\ntry t are help+ to fe$ & clo! u1 & get to look ^u ! horse z m]ely ! fa%ionable physician's prescription = ! liv]1 "u saddle2 or a fa%ionable app5dage ( weal?1 :5 9 h>ness4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i4--,,protorohippus ,e>lie/ kn[n species ( horse1 elev5 in*es high1 ) f\r complete toes1 & rema9d] ( fif? on =e feet1 & ?ree on h9d feet ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii4--,,developm5t ,,( ,,horse',s ,,foot ,,f ,,five ,,toes ,,to ,,"o ,9 =ty ye>s we h increas$ f #cc1jjj1jjj to #hb1jjj1jjj 9 population2 f #agd1jjj1jjj to #hgc1jjj1jjj 9 agricultural products export$2 f #b1jjj1jjj to #f1jjj1jjj f>ms2 f #h1ejj1jjj1jjj to #bb1jjj1jjj1jjj total value ( f>m prop]ty2 f #a1ejj1jjj1jjj to #d1ejj1jjj1jjj annual value ( f>m products2 f #a1bej1jjj1jjj to #b1ejj1jjj1jjj total value ( f>m animals1 & f #ag1jjj1jjj1jjj to #ajj1jjj1jjj1jjj total national weal?4 ,9 ?is progress ! horse has play$ a v l>ge "p1 &1 contr>y to ! g5]al & ignorant op9ion1 ! horse /ill ma9ta9s 8 place z ! mo/ valuable piece ( all-r\nd useful ma*9]y 9 ! _w4 ,"o has m]ely to note ! way 9 :i* ?is valuable p>tn] ( our national prosp]ity is /abl$1 groom$1 h>ness$1 & h&l$ to excuse ! writ+ ( any numb] ( books1 & ! p]si/5t hamm]+ away ^u ?is subject4 ,sport & a?letics are s]i\s subjects because !y are s vitally important to ! physical com=t ( man2 & ?is bran* ( sport :i* deals ) ! horse1 is ( surpris+ly vital int]e/ to ! nation :5 "o comes to inve/igate x4 ,! cruelty1 impati5ce1 & ignorance display$ by ! great majority ( horse-/e]]s--!y are no?+ m nor less ?an t--are app>5t :]ev] we turn4 ,n only ! %ockhead$ ,mic,mac :o tools ! groc]y wagon ab\t our cr[d$ /reets2 n only ! ,sunday boy :o indulges 8 ,r[5a 9 an hebdomadal picnic on :eels2 b ! hundr$s ( s-call$ coa*m5 :o drive ! high-pric$ horses ( _! ma/]s 9 re9s1 bits1 head-/alls1 & coll>s fitt$ )\t discrim9ation ^u any horse t comes into ! /able1--all alike are 9 dire ne$ ( le>n+ h[ to make ! mo/ ( _! opportunities4 ,x is n to be expect$ t e man :o owns1 or h&les1 a horse %\ld be a vet]9>y1 b ! elem5t>y pr9ciples ( h>ness+ & bitt+ a horse s t he c d 8 "w com=tably ought to be requir$ ( e "o :o1 ei!r = 8 own pleasure1 or = hire1 has any?+ to d ) horses4 ,su* an "o ought to "k h[ he came to h 8 pres5t tee? & legs1 8 pres5t m\? & small /oma*1 :i* reveals at once ! secret ( _m ( 8 weaknesses & _! prop] c>e4 ,n to "k1 or to c>e to "k1 any ( ^! ?+s is to less5 ! value ( y\r horses z "w-horses v mat]ially1 & to deprive y\rself ( ! be/ "p ( ! pleasure ( deal+ ) y\r horses1 if y h !m & h&le !m m]ely = sport4 ,,footnote3 #a ,! av]age numb] ( times ! bra9 is heavi] ?an ! sp9al cord1 :i* is a fair measure ( intellig5ce 9 c]ta9 animals1 is z foll[s3-- ,9 man #cc4jj ,9 dog #e4ad ,9 pig #b4cj ,9 cat #c4ge ,9 horse #b4bg ,9 ass #b4dj ,9 ox #b4ah ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,horse ,x is a curi\s phase ( ! hi/ory ( ! horse 9 ?is c\ntry t ! ance/ors ( ! horse once liv$ 9 ?is c\ntry 9 l>ge numb]s1 & !n entirely disappe>$4 ,! ance/ry ( ! horse has be5 trac$ back "s ?ree millions ( ye>s1 & ?r\gh t p]iod practically e /ep ( *ange1 f ! little five-to$ :ippetlike animal1 to ! ,p]*]on or ?or\ghbr$ ( to-day1 c be illu/rat$ by actual fossil rema9s4 ,! mo/ complete collection ( fossil rema9s ( ! horse1 & ! be/ illu/rations ( ! diff]5t phases ( 8 developm5t1 any:]e 9 ! _w1 are 9 our ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory 9 ,new ,york4 ,:5 ! rema9s ( ! prehi/oric horse 7 fir/ discov]$1 s little 0 kn[n on ! subject1 t ! great naturali/1 ,ri*>d ,ow51 call$ him ! ,hyraco!rium or ,hyrax-l ,bea/1 ref]r+ to ! coney ( ,scripture1 little suspect+ t !re _h be5 discov]$ 9 ?is ,hyraco!rium ! fossil rema9s ( ! horse ( millions ( ye>s ago4 ,9 ! ,j>d9 d',acclimatation 9 ,p>is !re are two little horses at ! pres5t "t ea* measur+ "u #bd in*es at ! )]s4 ,?is little animal 0 fir/ provid$ ) ! flat1 spread+1 five-to$ foot suitable to ! l[-ly+ & m>%y l& 9 :i* he liv$4 ,8 tee? & m\?1 & %ort] neck & jaw1 7 adapt$ to ! s(t] & m luxuriant h]bage ( t "t & place4 ,z ! wat] left ! e>?1 ?is little animal gradually adapt$ himself to ! h>d] gr\nd1 ! less luxuriant vegetable gr[? & ! necessities ( ! situation1 :i* requir$ t he %\ld travel f>!r = 8 n\ri%m5t1 & t he %\ld travel fa/]1 to escape 8 enemies4 ,p\nd+ along on ! plateaux1 :i* became 8 natural habitat1 he lo/ "o toe aft] ano!r1 fir/ f 8 h9d feet1 because !y d ! mo/ "w 9 propell+ him1 & !n f 8 front feet4 ,8 neck & jaw grew long] z he 0 oblig$ to rea* l[] & l[] d[n to bite (f ! wiry grasses ( ! pla94 ,9 %ort1 ! horse's foot & leg are develop$ f ! %ort1 sl5d] leg & cu%ion$ foot (1 say1 some?+ resembl+ ! foot & leg ( a delicate-limb$ tapir to its pres5t =m4 ,comp>$ ) a man's h&1 = example1 ! horse's knee is repres5t$ by ! human wri/2 ! hairless spot ( sk9 ) its cu%ion b5ea?--fatty cu%ion ( ! fetlock--repres5ts ! prom95ce beh9d ! root ( ea* f+] opposite ! knuckles2 & ! ho( itself repres5ts ! nail ( ! middle f+] ( man4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii4--,,neohipp>ion ,int]m$iate /age 9 developm5t ( ! horse1 be+ ab\t ?ree feet high1 & hav+ ?ree complete toes ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv4--,,skull ,,( ,,horse ,,eight ,,ye>s ,,old ,%[+ long cr[ns ( tee? ,!re are o!r pat*es ( call\s sk91 sometimes call$ *e/nuts or mall5d]s1 :i* appe>2 t on ! =e leg is above ! wri/ jo9t or knee1 t on ! h9d leg bel[ ! ankle or hock jo9t4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are /ill puzzles to ! sci5ti/s1 al?\gh 9 an old book on ! horse1 by ,y\att1 he speaks ( !m z diseases & prescribes rem$ies = _! cure4 ,huxley ma9ta9$ t ! !ory ( evolution po9t$ to ! five-to$ horse1 & he /\tly insi/$ t ! fossil rema9s ( su* an animal w\ld "s day be discov]$1 & sure en\gh we n[ h 9 ,new ,york ,city ! fossil rema9s ( ^! prehi/oric horses1 c>ry+ out1 ev5 9 m9ute detail1 ! /eps ( developm5t he _h outl9$4 ,!re is ! horse ) f\r toes 7,plate ,i471 !n ! horse ) ^! toes gr[n %ort]1 until !y hang above ! gr\nd1 & f9ally disappe> altoge!r4 ,:]e ! horse is left 9 a /ate ( nature1 free to *oose ! gr\nd ov] :i* he w run1 ! ho( gr[s j 9 proportion z x is worn away1 & ma9ta9s itself )\t artificial means1 9 p]fect condition4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :]e ! horse is turn$ out on l[-ly+ & moi/ l&1 8 feet gr[ to great l5g?4 ,?is is ! case1 = example1 9 ! ,falkl& ,isl&s1 :]e ! :ole surface is s(t1 mossy bog-l&2 & "h ! horses' feet gr[ to be twelve & f\rte5 in*es 9 l5g? & curl up 9 v>i\s ways1 s t ! animals c h>dly walk ^u !m4 ,! nails on ! f+]s & toes ( man1 if n %ort5$ by abrasion f r\gh1 manual labor1 or cut & fil$ artificially1 w gr[ to great l5g?1 & z !y gr[1 curl inw>d & ar\nd ! tips ( ! f+]s & toes1 attempt+ to =m1 :at ! toe-nail ( ! horse has =m$1 a ho(4 ,man himself1 :o has rec5tly tak5 to walk+ 9 a pr\d mann]1 only ^u 8 h9d legs1 res]v+ 8 =e legs = pa9t+1 writ+1 ge/iculat+1 & fe$+ himself1 is also gradually los+ ! toes (f 8 h9d feet1--9 _m p]sons ! little toe be+ already almo/ no?+ m ?an a %ort & useless /ump4 ,:5 y run y\r f+]s d[n ! =e legs ( a horse y may feel di/9ctly two ( 8 toes tuck$ away "u ! sk91 & n[ kn[n z ! spl9t bones4 ,:]e horses are us$ cont9u\sly to "w on h>d roads1 ?is toe-nail or ho( we>s itself away fa/] ?an x gr[s1 h5ce ! necessity = %oes4 ,x is ?is evolution f a five1 & !n a f\r to$ animal1 to an animal t walks on ! nail ( ! middle toe1 :i* makes ! legs & ! feet ( ! horse su* a v delicate & difficult problem to ! horse own] 7,plate ,,ii474 ,x _c fail to be ( value & int]e/ to e "o :o deals ) horses to trace _! developm5t z !y increase 9 /ature1 & 9 bra91 & ) great] & great] complexity ( tee?2 at ! same "t t ! numb] ( toes decreases1 accord+ to ! law :i* rules t ! few] ! toes1 ! great] ! spe$2 ! swifte/ bird be+ ! o/ri* & ! fa/e/ mammal ! horse 7,plate ,,iii474 ,! tee? ( ! e>lie/ prehi/oric horses 7 %ort-cr[n$ & cov]$ ) l[1 r\nd$ knobs ( enamel1 l ! tee? ( monkeys1 or pigs1 or o!r omnivor\s animals1 & entirely diff]5t f ! gr9d]s ( ! horse ( to-day4 ,along ) ! developm5t ( ! legs & feet ( ! horse1 f an animal de/9$ to live 9 m>%y & =e/ gr\nd1 to an animal oblig$ to take c>e ( itself 9 op51 grassy pla9s1 came a correspond+ *ange 9 ! tee?1 f %ort-cr[n$1 to long-cr[n$ 7,plate ,,iv471 enabl+ ! animal to live on ! h>d1 dry grasses :i* require ?or\gh ma/ication1 be=e !y are ( use z nutriti\s food4 ,! tee? ( ! mod]n horse are1 p]haps1 ! mo/ p]fect gr9d+ batt]y t c\ld be devis$4 ,!re is an ext]nal lay] ( enamel1 & a second inn] r+ ( enamel ar\nd ! pit ( ! too?1 & ^! gr9d+ "o ^u & across ! o!r1 z ! horse *ews1 make a mo/ effective cru%] & ma/icator ( 8 food4 ,! incisor tee? ( ! horse h all ! great peculi>ity1 n f\nd 9 ! tee? ( any o!r mammal1 & only 9 ! ,equid ( comp>atively rec5t geological p]iods1 ( an involution ( ! ext]nal surface ( ! too?1 by :i* :at %\ld prop]ly be ! apex1 is c>ri$ deeply into ! int]ior ( ! cr[n1 =m+ a pit1 ! bottom ( :i* becomes p>tially fill$ up ) cem5t4 ,z ! too? we>s1 ! surface1 besides ! ext]nal enamel lay] z 9 an ord9>y1 simple too?1 %[s 9 addition a second inn] r+ ( ! same h>d sub/ance surr\nd+ ! pit1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 adds greatly to ! effici5cy ( ! too? z an organ = bit+ t\gh1 fibr\s sub/ances4 ,?is pit1 g5]ally fill$ ) p>ticles ( food1 is conspicu\s f its d>k color1 & con/itutes ! m>k by :i* ! age ( ! horse is judg$1 z1 9 consequ5ce ( its only ext5d+ to a c]ta9 dep? 9 ! cr[n1 x becomes oblit]at$ z ! cr[n we>s away1 & !n ! too? assumes ! "* ( t ( an ord9>y incisor1 consi/+ only ( a core ( d5t9e1 surr\nd$ by ! ext]nal enamel lay]4 ,x is n q s deep 9 ! l[] z 9 ! upp] tee?4 ,betwe5 ! can9es & premol>s is a space call$ ! b>s ( a horse's m\?4 ,x is "h t ! bit is plac$1 & n a few horsem5 believe t ?is space 9 ! horse's m\? has be5 gradually worn away by ! use ( bits until n[ x has become a regul> bit-socket produc$ by ! con/ant use ( ! horse by man4 ,?is is only "o ( ! _m absurd beliefs ( ! equ9ely wise 9 _! g5]ation4 ,?is space is no d\bt ! result ( ! l5g!n+ ( ! jaw & head ( ! horse to rea* 8 food4 ,z 8 legs grew long]1 plac+ him f>!r & f>!r above ! gr\nd1 8 neck grew long] & 8 jaw l5g!n$1 & l5g!n$ at a place :]e ! gr9d+ muscles w\ld n int]f]e4 ,! incisor tee?1 ?ree bel[ & ?ree above1 develop$ m & m into effective nipp]s1 & ! premol>s & mol>s into gr9d]s ( ! mo/ delicately complicat$ & complete k9d4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t ?is outl9e ( ! evolution ( ! horse is "p pat*work & "p surmise4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! hi/ory ( ! evolution ( ! horse is ! be/-kn[n illu/ration--& has be5 work$ out ) great] detail & success ?an any o!r example--( ! doctr9e ( evolution by natural selection & adaptation to environm5t4 ,! skull ( a man & ! skull ( a horse are compos$ ( exactly ! same numb] ( bones1 hav+ ! same g5]al arrangem5t & relation to ea* o!r4 ,n only ! individual bones1 b e ridge & surface = ! atta*m5t ( muscles & e hole = ! passage ( art]y or n]ve se5 9 "o1 c be trac$ 9 ! o!r4 ,! diff]5ce is ma9ly 9 ?is3 9 man ! bra9-case is v l>ge & ! face relatively ( v small proportions2 :ile 9 ! horse ! bra9 is v mu* r$uc$1 & ! face1 especially ! m\?1 ( great size4 ,"o c readily recall types ( bo? animals :]e ^! diff]5ces s9k to insignificance4 ,ev5 ! man :o is lea/ int]e/$ 9 ! ance/ry ( ! horse _c fail to see t ! horse ( to-day is ! result ( ?\s&s ( ye>s ( adaptation to 8 environm5t4 ,8 legs grew long] t he might g fa/]2 8 feet grew h>d] & encas$ !mselves 9 a ho(2 8 head & neck grew long] t he might ! m easily get 8 natural food2 8 tee? adapt$ !mselves to ! nipp+1 gr9d+1 & ma/ication ( t food2 8 bones1 muscles1 inte/9es1 lungs1 /oma*1 & g5]al con=mation inside & out1 develop$ along ! l9es t h br\ght him to ! po9t :]e he is f> & away man's mo/ useful sidep>tn] among/ all animals4 ,^! matt]s are wor? keep+ 9 m9d :5 y look ov] a horse ) a view to 8 pur*ase4 ,s f> z y\r purse p]mits1 y want ! horse be/ adapt$ to y\r requirem5ts4 ,z y look him ov]1 y h at lea/ an intellig5t notion ( :at y may expect f 8 pa/ hi/ory & ! po9ts ( ! animal :i* indicate t he w be> out ^? expectations4 ,let u suppose y want a h>ness horse = all-r\nd "w1 "o t w g s+le1 d\ble1 or 9 a make%ift f\r4 ,x is n requir$ t he trot 9 #b4aj1 nor t he be able to be "o ( f\r to pull a load$ coa* t5 miles an h\r4 ,fir/ ( all1 he mu/ see4 ,next he mu/ h legs & feet to g on4 ,!n he mu/ h room = a furnace inside ( him1 to furni% ! propell+ =ce = ^? legs2 & ! m intellig5ce he has1 & ! m good-natur$ he appe>s1 ! bett]4 ,lat]1 "s ( ! m prom95t good po9ts & bad po9ts ( ! horse w be notic$ 9 detail1 b x is z well to say at ! />t t ! horse-deal]1 or y\r mo/ horsy fri5d1 or ! vet]9>y1 avail little to f9d y ! p]fect horse4 ,all t read+1 /udy1 & exp]i5ce c d is to avoid ! wor/ faults1 to keep 9 m9d ! sali5t good po9ts1 & !n to make ! v mo/ ( y\r pur*ase by c>e & tra9+ aft] he is y\r prop]ty4 ,y may le>n ! good & bad po9ts ( a horse by he>t & be z a babe 9 ! h&s ( a clev] horse-sell]1 :e!r he be pr(essional or amateur4 ,he kn[s ! weaknesses1 & also ! good po9ts1 ( :at he has to sell1 & y d n2 & !re are v few ,launcelots 9 ! horse bus9ess4 ,we h all b\ght horses ( a %rewd deal] & sold !m aga9 = five times :at we paid2 we h also b\ght horses & gladly dispos$ ( !m = "o-fif? ( ! pur*ase price4 ,! ma9 tr\ble 9 ! :ole matt] is t buy+ & sell+ horses is look$ ^u by _m p z ei!r necromancy or ?iev]y4 ,x is nei!r4 ,/udy1 intellig5ce1 & exp]i5ce are z necess>y & z valuable 9 *oos+ a horse z 9 any o!r dep>tm5t ( life1 & 9 ! end are j z valuable4 ,art critics h be5 fool$2 book-worms h be5 deceiv$2 lov]s h be5 disappo9t$2 f9anci]s h gone into bankruptcy2 educat$ m5 h be5 failures2 b /udy1 intellig5ce1 & exp]i5ce /ill rank high1 none ! less4 ,x is possible t 9 ?is matt] ( *oos+ a horse ! aleatory in/9ct 9 man comes to ! =e & he is apt to ?9k luck plays too great a "p1 b1 aside f t1 mu* ! same qualities succe$ "h z else:]e4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,e>ly ,,days ,,( ,,! ,,horse ,,9 ,,am]ica ,:y ! horse1 ! fossil rema9s ( :i* are f\nd s abundantly 9 ! middle ,we/ ( ?is c\ntry t ^! places are kn[n 9 ! ,sci5tific _w z ,equus ,b$s1 became ext9ct1 !re be+ no horses "h at ! "t ( ! ,spani% ,conque/1 is a my/]y4 ,x is ! m rem>kable1 = :5 ! horse 0 introduc$ "h & ran wild 9 ,s\? ,am]ica & ,texas1 he increas$ & multipli$ rapidly1 %[+ t ! climate1 food1 & g5]al conditions 7 exceptionally well adapt$ to him4 ,v>i\s animals h be5 us$ z bea/s ( burd51 & ev5 z cavalry1 all ov] ! _w4 ,9 ! old days ( ,cape ,t[n1 ! ,hott5tots broke _! ox5 to ! saddle & us$ !m ev5 = cavalry purposes 9 "t ( w>4 ,9 a report ( ! ,treasur]-g5]al ( ,p]u1 writt5 9 #aedd1 x is /at$ t ! ,spani>ds ev5 9 ^? days us$ ! l>ge %eep or llama ( t c\ntry bo? z bea/s ( burd5 & to ride4 ,! fir/ importation ( horses into ! new _w1 cr$it$ by au!ntic hi/ory1 0 made by ,columbus 9 #adic1 :5 he l&$ 9 :at is n[ kn[n z ,san ,dom+o ) sev5te5 vessels4 ,:5 ,cortes l&$ at :at is n[ kn[n z ,v]a ,cruz1 hav+ sail$ ?i!r f ,cuba1 he _h ) him ! fir/ horses t any man _h ev] se5 9 ! ,we/]n hemisph]e1 & ?is 0 9 #aeai4 ,! ,indians ?\ght ^! visitors 7 f ! sun1 & t ! horses 7 fabul\s creatures ( incomp>able pr[ess1 & br\ght (f]+s ( bread & fle% to !m4 ,lat]1 9 ! bloody w>s ( ,mexico & ,p]u1 ! w>-horses1 ^: rid]s 7 sla91 escap$ & reproduc$ !mselves rapidly 9 ! great & luxuri\s pla9s1 well provid$ ) food & wat] & 9 a climate especially suit$ to !m4 ,de ,soto _h horsem5 ) him on 8 exp$ition :5 he discov]$ ! ,mississippi ,riv]1 & d\btless _m ( ! horses 7 left beh9d to run wild :5 ! survivors ( t disa/r\s exp$ition1 )\t _! lead]1 return$ 9 r\gh boats & rafts4 ,x is ?\ght by "s inve/igators t ! horses f\nd by ,cabot 9 ,la ,plata 9 #aecj c\ld n h be5 import$1 b ?is is highly improbable4 ,!re is practically no d\bt b t ! wild horse ( ,am]ica is a direct desc5dant ( ! ,spani% horse1 & !re=e ( ! selfsame blood1 :i* lat] made ! ?or\ghbr$ 9 ,engl&1 & ! trott] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! fleete/ & mo/ valuable ( _! race4 ,! fir/ importation ( horses into :at is n[ ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 9 #aebg by ,cabeza de ,vaca2 ^!1 =ty-two 9 numb]1 7 br\ght to ,florida1 b ?r\gh accid5t1 disease1 & ill-usage1 all ( !m di$4 ,! next importation 0 by ,de ,soto f ,spa91 & ^! no d\bt 7 ! prog5itors ( our wild horses ( ! ,we/ & ,s\?we/4 ,9 #afbe1 ! ,honorable ,piet] ,ev]ts5 ,hueft agre$ to %ip1 & did %ip1 to ,manhattan ,isl&1 "o hundr$ head ( cattle1 includ+ a c]ta9 numb] ( /allions & m>es4 ,^! horses 7 ( ! ,fl&]s bre$1 f :i* desc5d$ ! ,cone/oga horse1 aft]w>ds ju/ly priz$ 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,! fir/ horses came to ,massa*usetts probably 9 #afbi4 ,at any rate1 we "k t ,gov]nor ,w9?rop1 writ+ on bo>d ! ,arabella1 at ,c[es1 ,m>* #bh1 #afcj1 says3 ,we are 9 all our elev5 %ips ab\t sev5 hundr$ p]sons & #bdj c[s & ab\t sixty horses4 ,engli% horses 7 l&$ at ,jame/[n1 ,virg9ia1 z e>ly z #afji1 & !re is a tradition t ! fir/ horse to l& 9 ,canada 0 br\ght to ,tad\sac 9 #afdg4 ,z e>ly z #afda-b we read ( horses & c>ts cross+ ,bo/on h>bor on ! ice1 s sev]e 0 ! w9t] ( t ye>4 ,9 #afcf1 :5 ! ,rev]5d ,?omas ,hook] & 8 foll[]s left ! colony to f\nd ,h>t=d1 ,mrs4 ,hook]1 s a lett] ( t date reads1 0 c>ri$ 9 a horse-litt]4 ,b ! dilig5ce & c>e ( ^! fir/ settl]s 9 ,new ,engl& is n[h]e m cle>ly %[n1 ?an by ! fact t already1 9 #afdj1 ,gov]nor ,w9?rop writes ( %ipp+ eighty horses f ,bo/on to ! ,b>badoes4 ,h>dly _h !y import$ horses = !mselves be=e !y 7 bre$+ !m & %ipp+ !m to o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,^! horses 7 n ( v valuable /ock4 ,z e>ly z #afej a "y m>e ) h] second or ?ird foal 0 valu$ at ab\t #fj2 a five or six ye> old /allion at ab\t #ee--?is 9 ,manhattan4 ,9 ,new ,engl&1 :]e cattle 7 especially abundant1 horses 7 wor? ab\t "o-?ird less4 ,?is is acc\nt$ = by ! fact t horses 9 ,engl& ev5 z late z ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury 7 held 9 l[ e/eem at home1 :]e !y 7 valu$ at ab\t fifty %ill+s ea*4 ,! bett] class ( horses 9 ,engl& at ?is "t 7 br\ght f ,b>b>y or f ,fl&]s4 ,! well-kn[n say+1 ,! gray m>e is ! bett] horse1 arose f ! recogniz$ sup]iority ( ! gray m>es f ,fl&]s ov] ! ,engli% horses ( t date4 ,ev5 z late z #agjj1 dogs h>ness$ to small trucks did mo/ ( ! team+ 9 ! n>r[ & badly pav$ /reets ( ! ,engli% t[ns1 & 7 by no means uncommon 9 ,london = _m ye>s aft] t "t4 ,"o may judge ( ! condition ( ! roads1 & ! difficulties ( transportation1 by ! *>ges4 ,sev5 p\nds /]l+ a ton 0 *>g$ = transportation f ,london to ,birm+ham2 & twelve p\nds /]l+ a ton f ,london to ,exet]4 ,coal 9 ^? days 0 unkn[n except 9 ! di/ricts :]e x 0 m9$1 ow+ to ! fact t ! transportation ( coal ov] ! roads z !y !n 7 9 ,engl&1 w\ld h made ! price prohibitive4 ,! dem& = ! bett] class ( horses 9 ,engl& at ! "t ( ! e>li] importations ( ^! animals to ,am]ica1 0 ma9ly = ! army1 & = heavy horses to pull ! c>riages & heavy travell+ coa*es ( ! nobility & g5try4 ,su* horses z 7 ne$$ = ^! purposes 7 pretty g5]ally import$ f ,b>b>y & ,arabia1 & f ,fl&]s4 ,!re seems to h be51 h[ev]1 a native horse 9 ,great ,brita92 = ,cs> notes ! fact t ! ,britons drove w>-*>iots4 ,william ! ,conqu]or1 :o repres5ts to ,engl& g5ealogically :at ! ,mayfl[] repres5ts to ,am]ica1 gave to a c]ta9 ,simon ,/4 ,liz1 a ,norman fri5d ( 81 ! entire t[n ( ,nor?ampton & ! :ole hundr$ ( ,falkley1 !n valu$ at #dj a ye>1 to provide %oes = 8 horses4 ,f #ajff to ! close ( ! twelf? c5tury !re 0 r5ewal & improvem5t ( ! ,briti% horse by importations f ! cont95t1 & also by /ray animals br\ght back by ! ,crusad]s "u ,ri*>d & o!rs2 b su* improvem5ts ( ! native bre$ z ^! importations imply 7 ( small importance1 & )\t sy/em or aim ( any k9d4 ,dur+ ! reigns ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 & ,elizabe?1 important legislation look+ to ! c>e & bre$+ ( horses 0 pass$1 & :5 ,james ,i41 :o 0 fond ( rac+1 came to ! ?rone1 he b\ght f a ,mr4 ,m>kham an ,arabian /allion1 aft]w>ds always kn[n z ! ,m>kham ,arabian1 pay+ = him :at 0 = ^? days ! extravagant am\nt ( five hundr$ gu9eas4 ,?is pur*ase by ,k+ ,james m>ks ! beg9n+ ( high-class bre$+ 9 ,engl&4 ,f !n on1 d[n ?r\gh ! reigns ( ,*>les ,i41 ,*>les ,,ii41 & ,william ,,iii41 n to m5tion ,oliv] ,cromwell :o rac$ horses ) ! same en?usiasm t he sang psalms1 _m horses 7 import$1 mu* int]e/ 0 tak5 9 rac+ & bre$+1 & = ! la/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 f #afjc1 :5 ,james came to ! ?rone1 till n[1 ,engl& has be5 ! home (1 probably1 ! be/ horses 9 ! _w1 & no?+ pleases h] p z a :ole m ?an to h ! reign+ sov]eign w9 ! ,d]by4 ,! fir/ volume ( ! ,engli% ,/ud ,book1 !n kn[n z ! ,mat* ,book1 0 publi%$ 9 #ahjh1 & f !n on we h _h a m or less ord]ly sequ5ce ( bre$+ hi/ory1 & ! ,engli% ?or\ghbr$ race-horse1 ! prog5itor at "o "t or ano!r ( ! be/ types ( horses 9 ?is c\ntry1 became a recogniz$ /&>d ( horse4 ,our own horse hi/ory may be said to beg9 at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! ,treaty ( ,peace ) ,great ,brita9 0 sign$ 9 ,p>is1 ,july #c1 #aghc1 & ! ,briti% troops left ,novemb] #be4 ,! population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates at t "t 0 less ?an f\r millions1 ab\t ! numb] ( p settl$ 9 & ar\nd ,new ,york ,city to-day4 ,! c>riage roads ( ,bo/on 7 unpav$2 & m>k$ (f by a l9e ( po/s & gutt]s1 & laid ) ill-assort$ pebbles4 ,! horseman :o rode too fa/ ov] ^! pebbles1 & ?us ?reat5$ _! dis>rangem5t1 0 f9$ ?ree %ill+s & f\rp5ce4 ,! mail 0 c>ri$ betwe5 ,bo/on & ,new ,york ?rice a week 9 summ]1 & twice a week 9 w9t]1 tak+ six days 9 summ] & (t5 n9e days 9 w9t]1 & all c>ri$ 9 "o pair ( saddle-bags4 ,! po/-rid]s knitt$ mitt5s & /ock+s z _! horses jogg$ along ov] ! well-kn[n roads4 ,! v fir/ coa* & f\r 9 ,new ,engl& began runn+ 9 #agdd1 & ! fir/ coa* & f\r betwe5 ,new ,york & ,philadelphia1 ! two mo/ popul\s cities 9 ! colonies1 0 put on 9 #agef & accompli%$ ! j\rney 9 ?ree days4 ,two /ages & twelve horses c>ri$ all ! goods & pass5g]s betwe5 ,new ,york & ,bo/on1 do+ =ty miles a day 9 summ]1 & sc>ce tw5ty-five miles a day 9 w9t]4 ,josiah ,qu9cy1 writ+ at ?is "t1 tells u t he once sp5t ?irty days 9 8 own coa* go+ f ,bo/on to ,wa%+ton4 ,! /reets ( ,new ,york 7 s badly pav$ t ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 0 wont to say t y c\ld di/+ui% a ,new ,york man 9 ,philadelphia by ! awkw>d way 9 :i* he %uffl$ ov] ! smoo!r pavem5ts ( ! latt] city4 ,!re 7 b ?ree roads out ( ,new ,york 9 ^? days3 ! ,knightsbridge road1 a cont9uation ( ! ,b[]y ,lane1 :i* w5t to ,knightsbridge & !nce along ! riv] to ,albany2 ! old ,bo/on po/-road1 :i* />t$ f ! neighborhood ( :at is n[ ,madison ,squ>e1 !nce to ,h>lem1 & !n ea/ t[>d ,bo/on2 & ! s-call$ middle road1 direct to ,h>lem4 ,9 ! s\!rnmo/ /ates !re 7 no public conveyances ( any k9d except a /age-coa* betwe5 ,*>le/on & ,savannah4 ,x is only "o hundr$ ye>s ago1 only ! span ( two lives1 & ! population has gr[n f f\r millions to eighty millions2 ! gross receipts f po/age f #cbj1jjj 7! gross receipts = ! ye> end+ ,octob] #a1 #ahja7 to ov] #aba1jjj1jjj 9 #aijb4 ,! total e/imate = ! exp5ses ( ! city ( ,new ,york 9 #ahjj 0 = #acj1jjj4 ,^! 7 ! days :5 ! fa%ionable assemblies 7 adv]tis$ to op5 ) a ,passe-,pie & end ) ! ,s>abund l',espagnole2 days :5 eight bags ( cotton 7 seiz$ by ! (fic]s ( ! cu/oms 9 ,engl&1 because x 0 claim$ no su* enorm\s am\nt ( cotton c\ld h come f ,am]ica2 days :51 s writes ,josiah ,qu9cy at any rate1 ! m9i/] alone _h :ite bread1 = br[n bread gave him he>t-burn1 & he c\ld n prea* ^u x2 & x 0 "s fifty ye>s lat] ev5 ?an ?is1 be=e we _h ! :eel-pl\gh ( iron1 ! reap] & b9d]1 ! drill1 ! hay-rake1 & ! corn-cutt]4 ,!re 0 little leisure1 & little money to be devot$ to sport ( any k9d1 & ! horse & ! dog exi/$ 9 ,new ,engl&1 at lea/1 9 v>ieties little suit$ to sport4 ,9 ! ,s\? x 0 some:at diff]5t4 ,a jockey-club 0 organiz$ 9 ,*>le/on1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 z e>ly z #agce1 & !re 0 horse-rac+ 9 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia1 & o!r ,s\!rn /ates = ye>s be=e ! ,revolution4 ,9 ,new ,engl&1 on ! contr>y1 rac+ 0 /rictly =bidd5 on moral & religi\s gr\nds4 ,no su* ?+ z a runn+-race c\ld be tol]at$ by ! ,puritans ( t section4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is1 we may trace ! p$igree ( ! ,am]ican trott+-horse /raight to ,ar*bi%op ,laud1 :o hav+ infuriat$ ! ,puritans to ! po9t ( desir+ emigration = !mselves & _! families to ! new _w1 !y f\nd$ ,new ,engl&4 ,! sc&al\s levity & app>5tly papal lean+s ( ,*>les & ,laud 7 n to be p]mitt$ = a mom5t 9 _! new home1 & pretty mu* all amusem5ts 7 fr[n$ ^u4 ,b ! ,cromwellian love ( a fa/ horse surviv$ 9 "s ( 8 fell[-,puritans liv+ 9 ,new ,engl&1 & m5 tra9$ to ! !ological hair-splitt+ ( t day made a di/9ction betwe5 horses trott+ 9 fri5dly competition betwe5 *ur*-memb]s & horses runn+ = money prizes6 ,?\ %alt n covet1 b tradition ,approves all =ms ( competition4 ,two horses trott+ d[n ! /reets ( ,h+ham1 ,massa*usetts1 & "o1 p]haps1 go+ a little fa/] ?an ! o!r1 w\ld h>dly lead ev5 ! godly ,rev4 ,eb5ez] ,gay to suppose t he 0 look+ on at ! beg9n+s ( ! sport ( trott+-races1 & t a m>e call$ ,goldsmi? ,maid w\ld w9 = h] own]s ov] #bjj1jjj betwe5 #ahff & #ahgh at ?is same sport4 ,/rangely z x may read1 !re is little d\bt b t ,puritan pr9ciples or prejudices1 z y please1 gave ! impetus to ! developm5t ( ! trott+-horse4 ,horses us$ = rac+ _h always run1 b :5 x 0 discov]$ t horses c\ld also be rac$ at a trot1 ^? t %[$ spe$ at ?is gait 7 us$ to bre$ f1 & pa9s 7 tak5 to develop _! spe$+ qualities4 ,h5ce x is n flippant humor t traces ! trott+-horse back to ,laud4 ,fa/ ,trott+4--,ye/]day aft]noon ! ,ha]lem race-c\rse ( "o mile di/ance1 0 trott$ ar\nd 9 two m9utes & fifty-n9e seconds by a horse call$ ,yankey1 f ,new ,hav52 a rate ( spe$1 x is believ$1 nev] be=e excell$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & fully equal to any?+ record$ 9 ! ,engli% sport+ cal5d>s4--,f ! ,connecticut ,j\rnal1 ,june #ai1 #ahjf4 ,! fir/ trott+-mat* ( :i* !re is any au!ntic acc\nt 0 9 #ahah1 :5 ,bo/on ,blue 0 produc$ to w9 ! wag]1 t no horse c\ld trot a mile 9 ?ree m9utes1 & won x2 :at ! am\nt 0 is n /at$4 ,f t "t on1 trott+ horses aga9/ "o ano!r & aga9/ "t became a popul> amusem5t4 ,9 #ahcd1 ,&rew ,jackson trott$ a mile 9 #b m9utes #db seconds2 9 #aheh1 ,e?an ,all5 trott$ a mile 9 #b m9utes #bh seconds2 9 #ahei1 ,flora ,temple trott$ a mile 9 #b m9utes #ai seconds2 9 #ahgd1 ,mambr9o ,gift l[]$ ! record to #b m9utes & #bj seconds2 9 #ahgd1 ! fam\s ,goldsmi? ,maid trott$ a mile 9 #b m9utes & #ad seconds4 ,9 #ahdc !re 7 only two horses t c\ld trot a mile "u #b m9utes & #cj seconds2 :ile 9 #ahha !re 7 ov] twelve hundr$ horses ) records ( #b m9utes #cj seconds or bett]4 ,trott+ 9 ^? e>ly days 0 mo/ly "u saddle1 & "s ( ! races 7 ev5 ?ree miles 9 l5g?4 ,s9ce ab\t #ahej trott+-races h be5 ov] a mile /ret*1 be/ ?ree 9 five heats4 ,x is not$ z a curi\s fact 9 ! hi/ory ( ! trott+-horse t ,mess5g]1 :o s]v$ a numb] ( ?or\ghbr$ m>es1 s]v$ a f> l>g] numb] ( cold-blood$ m>es1 & x 0 9 ^! latt] t ! trott+ in/9ct 0 almo/ inv>iably develop$4 ,?is is repeat$ ?r\gh ! trott+ regi/]--almo/ no ?or\ghbr$s h be5 trott+ dams4 ,palo ,alto is ab\t ! only half-bre$ t 0 a successful trott]1 & "o campaign f9i%$ him4 ,mess5g] 0 import$ 9 #agib & 0 at /ud 9 ,new ,york & 9 ,philadelphia = _m ye>s4 ,! fir/ kn[n importation ( a ?or\ghbr$ to ,am]ica 0 t ( a horse call$ ,bully ,rock1 by ! ,d>ley ,arabian1 out ( a m>e by ! ,by]ly ,turk1 br\ght ov] to ,virg9ia 9 #agcj4 ,a numb] ( ,d]by w9n]s 7 import$ to ,am]ica be=e #ahjj1 includ+ ,diom$1 ! w9n] ( ! fir/ ,d]by 9 #aghj1 ,saltram1 ,john ,bull1 ,spread ,eagle1 ,sir ,h>ry1 & o!rs4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 9 deal+ ) ! subject ( driv+ t n only ! hi/ory ( ! h>ness-horse 9 ,am]ica is all v mod]n hi/ory1 b t ! condition ( ! roads & ! /ate ( ! c>riage-build+ trade prev5t$ any great progress until lately4 ,c>riages1 inde$1 7 h>dly an ord9>y article ( manufacture until late 9 ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii41 or ab\t #afge4 ,x is ma9ta9$ t a r\gh coa* or wagon ran z a public conveyance betwe5 ,ed9burgh & ,lei? z e>ly z #afaj1 b little is kn[n on ! subject4 ,! 9-little-?+s-omnisci5t ,pepys writes 9 8 di>y "u date ( #affe ( spr+s on c]ta9 c>riages4 ,b coa* & c>riage-build+ _h n progress$ v f> till lat] ?an ?is4 ,! /ate coa* ( ,george ,,iii41 #agfb1 weigh$ f\r tons1 0 #bd feet long1 #h feet #c in*es wide1 #ab feet high1 & _h a pole #ab feet long4 ,hansom's ,pat5t ,safety ,cab did n appe> until #ahcd4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #affi1 a coa*1 describ$ z ! ,fly+ ,coa*1 w5t f ,ox=d to ,london 9 "o day1 a di/ance n[ cov]$ 9 an h\r & ?ree-qu>t]s by rail4 ,?is ,fly+ ,coa* dep>t$ on its fir/ trip f ,ox=d surr\nd$ by ! dignit>ies ( ! t[n & ! univ]sity1 & 0 welcom$ 9 ,london by no less impos+ (ficial p]sonages4 ,) ?is coa* & o!rs to foll[1 began all sorts ( objections to conveyances go+ at ?is rate ( spe$4 ,x 0 cont5d$ t !y w\ld spoil ! roads1 ru9 ! inns along ! r\te by n /opp+ at !m1 & d great h>m to ! bre$ ( horses by promot+ spe$ at ! exp5se ( bone & weight4 ,x is curi\s to ?9k t ev5 ! fir/ mail-coa* 0 criticis$ on mu* ! same gr\nds z ! fir/ railroad tra9s4 ,!re 0 little dang] ei!r 9 ,engl& or 9 ,am]ica ( unduly fa/ travel ) horses & vehicles 9 _! !n condition4 ,ev5 n[ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! condition ( ! roads1 except 9 & ar\nd ! weal?i] cities1 is deplorable4 ,9 ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury 9 ?is c\ntry we h built #acb1hfe miles ( /eam railway & we n[ h #bjc1acc miles ( railroad4 ,dur+ ! pa/ fifte5 ye>s we h built "s #bc1jjj miles ( trolley road2 we h sp5t 9 t5 ye>s #agf1bbf1icd = ! improvem5t ( riv]s & h>bors1 b = ! inl& f>m] almo/ no?+ has be5 done to give him good wagon roads4 ,!re are #gd1jig miles ( public highway 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york alone4 ,x is calculat$ t #a4ae w haul a ton-- ,five miles on a common road1 ,twelve & "o-half to fifte5 miles on a well-made road1 ,tw5ty-five miles on a trolley road1 ,two hundr$ & fifty miles on a /eam railway1 ,"o ?\s& miles on a /eam%ip4 ,france has #bc1fjc miles ( wagon roads built & ma9ta9$ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,italy has "s #ejjj miles ( road built & ma9ta9$ by ! gov]nm5t4 ,"h 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e m & m dep5ds ^u ! ability ( ! f>m]s1 small & l>ge1 to get _! produce quickly & safely to m>ket1 no?+ has be5 done z yet by ! ,f$]al gov]nm5t4 ,x is wor? kn[+ t a pair ( horses draw+ a load ( #djjj p\nds on a level road ) a c]ta9 ef=t1 c only draw ) ! same ef=t-- #cfjj p\nds on a road ) a grade ( #a foot rise 9 #ajj feet1 #cbjj p\nds on a road ) a grade ( #a foot rise 9 #ej feet1 #bhhj p\nds on a road ) a grade ( #a foot rise 9 #dj feet1 #bafj p\nds on a road ) a grade ( #a foot rise 9 #be feet1 #afjj p\nds on a road ) a grade ( #a foot rise 9 #bj feet4 ,x is wor? kn[+1 too1 t c>eful exp]im5ts prove t wide tires--#c to #d in*es--are light] 9 _! draught ?an n>r[ tires4 ,t !y are bett] = ! road is v app>5t4 ,! wid] tires act almo/ z a /onecru%]1 & actually help to keep roads 9 repair4 ,9 ,au/ria1 all wagons c>ry+ a load ( m ?an #b tons are oblig$ by law to h :eels ) rims #d in*es wide4 ,9 ,france1 ! tires ( :eels on wagons us$ = c>ry+ heavy loads are f #d to #f in*es wide & "s ( !m z mu* z #aj in*es wide4 ,9 ,france1 too1 ! re> axles on su* wagons are made f #ab to #ad in*es wid] ?an ! front axles1 s t ! re> :eels run outside ! track ( ! front :eels1 ?us mak+ a v effective road improv] ( e heavy wagon4 ,9 ,g]many1 ! law requires t all wagons c>ry+ heavy loads %all h tires to _! :eels at lea/ #d in*es wide4 ,x is n[ )9 ! jurisdiction ( bo>ds ( sup]visors1 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york at lea/1 to enact laws regulat+ ! wid? ( tires on heavy wagons4 ,:at good roads & wide tires & prop]ly c>$ = & prop]ly h>ness$ & h&l$ horses w\ld mean to u1 9 ?is1 n[ ! greate/ agricultural & manufactur+ c\ntry 9 ! _w1 is almo/ beyond calculation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v4--,,tee? ,,( ,,horse ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,po9ts ,,( ,,! ,,horse ,?\gh y w probably nev] f9d j ! horse y want = y\r p>ticul> purpose1 t is no reason = n kn[+ some?+ ab\t ! ideal horse4 ,!re mu/ be "s intellig5t & rational notions 9 reg>d to a horse if y are to *oose "o4 ,x is bett] to "k :at "o wants1 & to keep x cle> 9 m9d1 9 ?is _w1 ev5 if "o nev] gets x4 ,x is z sure z any?+ c be t ! man :o does n "k :at he wants w n get x4 ,probably ! be/ way to "k a good horse is to /udy att5tively a f9e specim5 ( h>ness-horse 7,plate ,,ix471 polo pony 7,plate ,,vii471 saddle-horse 7,plate ,,viii471 coa*-horse1 light-h>ness horse 7,plate ,,xiii471 *ildr5's pony 7,plates ,,xi41 ,,xii471 & c>ry ! type 9 y\r m9d's eye = ref]5ce 7,plate ,,xxx474 ,a man le>ns to "k a good book by ye>s ( intellig5t /udy ( good books2 he comes to "k a good picture by see+ ! be/ pictures4 ,! man :o has se5 *ampion ,"l ,lismore kn[s =ev] aft] :at an ,iri% sett] ought to look l2 ! man :o has se5 ,pi]re ,lorill>d's ,g5eva kn[s :at a light-weight ,llewellyn sett] ought to look l4 ,no in/rum5t has be5 inv5t$ :i* c tea* a man to "k a good book1 a good picture1 a good dog1 a good horse1 or a good woman4 ,no su* in/rum5t w ev] be inv5t$1 & t is :at makes life s surpris+ly unexpect$1 int]e/+1 & excit+4 ,we may deplore our ignorance1 b x is precisely ?is :i* keeps u all alive4 ,to beg9 )1 !n1 ! head ( ! ideal horse %\ld be lean1 ! sk9 f9e1 ! bones prom95t1 ! muscles well develop$1 %[+ ! ma/icat+ app>atus 9 good work+ ord]4 ,! space betwe5 ! jaws und]nea? %\ld be broad & well holl[$ out ,!re is a say+ t a man %\ld be able to put 8 cl9*$ fi/ !re1 b su* a te/ w\ld require a v unhorsemanlike h&4 ,rememb] t a horse brea!s ?r\gh 8 nose1 & t ! air passages f no/rils to w9dpipe always mu/ h space4 ,! w9dpipe %\ld be l>ge & well def9$ 9 its deta*m5t f ! neck4 ,x is pref]able t 8 pr(ile %\ld be ,grecian1 or /raight1 r ?an ei!r concave or convex4 ,he %\ld be broad betwe5 ! eyes = ?ree reasons3 fir/1 because t =ehead is ! ro( ov] ! spaces ?r\gh :i* he brea!s2 second1 because to x are atta*$ ! muscles by :i* he op5s & %uts 8 m\?2 ?ird1 because ?is space also conta9s ! bra94 ,! eye %\ld n be conspicu\sly small1 d5ot+ trick9ess1 nor unduly prom95t1 kn[n among horsem5 z ! buck eye1 & (t5 d5ot+ defective vision4 ,x %\ld be set well up 9 ! head1 & :5 look$ into %\ld n %[ too mu* :ite1 & %\ld be cle>4 ,! eyelids %\ld be ?9 & comp>atively )\t wr9kles4 ,! lips %\ld be ?9 & flexible1 & )\t undue l5g?1 ei!r above or bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi4--,,tee? ,,( ,,horse ,! e>s %\ld be lean1 & ! sk9 & hair on !m f9e4 ,a quick1 decisive movem5t ( ! e>s gives an air ( read9ess & det]m9ation & usually implies ^? qualities4 ,a lop-e>$1 hang+-lipp$ animal may turn out useful1 j z m5 ) faces l ,socrates & ,savon>ola turn$ out to be sa9ts2 b 9 buy+ horses & tru/+ m5 x is bett] to g by g5]al laws ?an by exceptions4 ,! head %\ld be set on to ! neck to give1 :at is v h>d to describe1 b easy to recognize1 viz4 an appe>ance z ?\gh ! neck controll$ ! head1 & n z ?\gh head & neck 7 all ( "o piece4 ,at ?is juncture ( head & neck ! di/ance betwe5 ! ?roat & poll %\ld1 z comp>$ ) ! size ( ! neck else:]e1 be small4 ,! %\ld]s1 n only = a saddle-horse1 b = ! h>ness-horse z well1 %\ld be slop+ 7,plate ,,viii474 ,put a saddle on half a doz5 diff]5t horses "o aft] ! o!r & note :]e ! /irrup-lea!rs fall1 i4e4 h[ f> beh9d ! =e legs4 ,if y h no o!r way ( kn[+ :e!r ! horse y are look+ at has /raight or oblique %\ld]s1 ?is w tell y infallibly4 ,rememb] t ab\t ?is "q ( %\ld]s1 z ab\t mo/ o!r po9ts ( ! horse1 mu* nons5se is talk$ by ! slov5ly omnisci5t1 ( :om !re is a multitude 9 ! horse _w4 ,= ?\gh1 z a rule1 a horse c trot & gallop & walk ) /raight %\ld]s1 he c d none ( ^! ex]cises1 except ! la/ 7t n fa/7 com=tably to himself ) /raight %\ld]s4 ,rememb]1 9 exam9+ ! %\ld] ( a horse1 t !re is ! %\ld]-blade & also ! %ort bone 7hum]us7 connect+ ! %\ld]-blade ) ! upp] bone ( ! leg4 ,?is %ort] bone slopes backw>d & d[nw>d4 ,! %\ld]-blade is ! bett] ! m x slants1 ?is %ort] bone is ! bett] ! less x slants4 ,a good horse1 :e!r saddl]1 road-horse1 or h>ness-horse1 /eps f ! %\ld]1 n f ! knee4 ,d n be deceiv$ by ! up-&-d[n action f ! knee1 :i* is (t5 tak5 to mean free & high action4 ,! contr>y is true4 ,su* a horse c travel all day on a t9plate4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii4--,,polo ,,pony ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii4--,,light-,,h>ness ,,horse ,! ribs %\ld be well r\nd$ f above to bel[1 %\ld be def9itely sep>at$1 & ( full l5g?4 ,a horse ) flat1 %ort ribs ne> toge!r mu/1 anatomically1 be lack+ 9 p[]4 ,! *e/ %\ld be deep1 b n excessively wide4 ,! dep? ( ! *e/ measur$ ar\nd %\ld be l>ge4 ,:5 a horse is po9t$ out to y z be+ well ribb$ up1 ?is does n mean t a l9e drawn f ! bottom ( 8 *e/ along 8 belly %\ld slope abruptly upw>d l a greyh\nd2 on ! contr>y1 ! lo9s & back1 at ! po9t slightly beh9d :]e ! cantle ( a saddle w\ld come1 %\ld be broad1 flat1 & p[]ful-look+1 & !re %\ld be no appe>ance ( be+ tuck$ 91 or tuck$ up1 at ! h9d] end ( ! back & lo9s4 ,a l9e drawn ar\nd ! horse's body f ! top ( ! )]s to ! elb[-jo9t1 & f ! po9t ( ! hip to ! /ifle-jo9t1 w\ld include betwe5 !m :]e ! horse lives1 & ?is valuable space %\ld be roomy & enclos$ 9 muscul>1 b ela/ic1 walls4 ,if y put a tape ar\nd a well-develop$ & well-br$ polo pony #ad4b 9 height1 ar\nd 8 b>rel j beh9d 8 =e legs1 he w measure #ff to #fh in*es2 ar\nd 8 b>rel j 9 front ( 8 h9d legs #fa to #fc in*es4 ,! same measurem5ts = a well-br$ horse #ae4b w be f #gj to #gc in*es1 & f #fe to #fg in*es respectively4 ,^! are ! proportions ( an animal well ribb$ up 9 ! be/ s5se4 ,tuck$ up or tuck$ 9 w\ld mean t ! measurem5ts are small] 9 proportion1 beh9d4 ,9 look+ ov] y\r prospective horse1 !re=e1 see t 8 body be well r\nd$ out n only 9 front b also beh9d1 s t ! la/ ribs look to be long1 well r\nd$1 & hav+ b a small space--two or ?ree f+]s--betwe5 !mselves & ! po9t ( ! hip4 ,dep?1 %ortness1 & r\ndness ( body are ! ess5tials 7,plate ,,vii474 ,z = ! legs1 ! upp] bone %\ld be long 9 proportion to ! l[] or cannon-bone1 & %\ld be l>ge & well suppli$ ) muscle4 ,! elb[s %\ld /& out f> en\gh f ! body to insure fre$om ( action4 ,! knee %\ld be wide f side to side1 flat 9 front1 & ?ick f be=e to beh9d4 ,! leg j bel[ ! knee %\ld n look disproportionately small1 or ti$ 9 z x is call$1 b %\ld be z l>ge z o!r p>ts ( ! l[] limb4 ,! t5dons t run d[n beh9d ! cannon-bone %\ld n adh]e closely j bel[ ! knee4 ,?is bone 7cannon-bone7 betwe5 ! knee & ! fetlock %\ld be %ort1 /raight1 & /rong4 ,! fetlock--! upp] & l[] pa/]n bones--%\ld be ( mod]ate l5g? & nei!r too slop+ nor too /raight4 ,out ( a numb] ( horses ^? ) ! be/ pa/]ns 7 ^? :o /ood ! foll[+ simple te/3 ,drop a l9e ) a weight on x f ! %\ld] opposite ! middle ( ! leg2 9 ! case ( ! p]fect pa/]n ! l9e %\ld end imm$iately beh9d ! ho(4 ,if ! l9e drops 9 front ( ! heels ( ! ho(1 ! pa/]n is too /raight2 if beh9d1 ! pa/]n is too flexible4 ,! ho( ( ! horse corresponds to ! claw or nail 9 o!r animals1 & is made s t x =ms a solid1 t\gh1 horny case ar\nd ! exp&$ end ( ! toe4 ,?is non-s5sitive sub/ance r5ews itself f )9 z friction & "w we> x away4 ,! feet ( ! horse %\ld be mod]ately l>ge1 ) ! heels op5 & ! frogs s\nd & ) no sign ( contraction4 ,big1 spread+1 awkw>d-look+ feet mean weight to lift1 co>se bre$+1 & usually a dull1 heavy disposition4 ,smalli%1 r\nd ho(s mean j ! contr>y4 ,beh9d1 ! horse %\ld h long & wide hips1 ) no appe>ance ( ragg$ness1 ! /ifle & ?igh /rong & long1 & ! h9d qu>t]s well let d[n1 & n turn$ 9 nor turn$ out4 ,! h9d feet %\ld be "u ! end ( ! cr\p1 & ! hocks & fetlocks %\ld be a little back ( a l9e dropp$ f ! buttocks4 ,! hock %\ld h pl5ty ( bone1 be neatly outl9$1 wide1 & ?ick4 ,! bones bel[ ! hock %\ld be flat1 ! t5dons well develop$ & /&+ out f ! bone1 ! feet & pa/]ns z 9 front4 ,! dock ( ! tail %\ld be l>ge & /rong4 ,muscul> developm5t !re1 means proportionate /r5g? all along ! sp9e4 ,! tail %\ld be set on high1 & be c>ri$ firmly & away f ! qu>t]s4 ,a fat1 awkw>d tail is a m>k ( poor bre$+4 ,! tail ( ! well-br$ horse usually tap]s (f t[>d ! end4 ,z a well-kn[n ,cont95tal break] & tra9] ( horses phrases x3 ,i l a h&some head1 long & light neck1 prom95t )]s1 %ort & /rong back & lo9s1 long cr\p1 long & oblique %\ld]s1 close c\pl+ betwe5 ! po9t ( ! hip & ! la/ rib1 hocks well let d[n1 %ort cannon-bones1 long =e>ms1 & ! pa/]ns fairly long4 ,a horse %\ld be close to ! gr\nd1 :i* he w be :5 ! di/ance f ! brisket to ! gr\nd w be equal to t f ! )]s to ! brisket4 ,a horse :i* is high (f ! gr\nd is g5]ally clumsy 9 8 movem5ts & liable to /umble4 ,an old-"t writ] on ! subject ( ! horse claims t a good horse %\ld h3 ?ree qualities ( a woman1--a broad brea/1 r\nd hips1 & a long mane2 ?ree ( a lion1--c\nt5ance1 c\rage1 & fire2 ?ree ( a bullock1--! eye1 ! no/rils1 & ! jo9ts2 ?ree ( a %eep1--! nose1 g5tl5ess1 & pati5ce2 ?ree ( a mule1--/r5g?1 con/ancy1 & foot2 ?ree ( a de]1--head1 legs1 & %ort hair2 ?ree ( a wolf1--?roat1 neck1 & he>+2 ?ree ( a fox1--e>1 tail1 & trot2 ?ree ( a s]p5t1--memory1 sight1 & turn+2 & ?ree ( a h>e or cat1--runn+1 walk+1 & suppl5ess4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ix4--,,h>ness ,,type ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,x4--,,fly+ ,,cl\d1 ,,h>ness ,,type ,x5ophon writes3 ,! neck %\ld n be ?r[n out f ! *e/ l a bo>'s1 b l a cock's %\ld rise /raight up to ! poll & be slim at ! b5d1 :ile ! head1 ?\gh bony1 %\ld h b a small jaw4 ,! neck w\ld !n protect ! rid]1 & ! eye see :at lies be=e ! feet4 ,"o _c g to buy a horse ) a tape-measure1 b c]ta9 proportions are well en\gh to keep 9 m9d4 ,! l5g? ( ! head ( a well-proportion$ horse is almo/ equal to ! di/ance3 7#a7 f ! top ( ! )]s to ! po9t ( ! %\ld]2 7#b7 f ! l[e/ po9t ( ! back to ! abdom52 7#c7 f ! po9t ( ! /ifle to ! po9t ( ! hock2 7#d7 f ! po9t ( ! hock to ! l[] level ( ! ho(2 7#e7 f ! %\ld]-blade to ! po9t ( ! haun*4 ,two & a half times ! l5g? ( ! head gives3 7#a7 ! height ( ! )]s & ! height ( ! cr\p above ! gr\nd1 & 7#b7 v ne>ly ! l5g? f ! po9t ( ! %\ld] to ! extreme ( ! buttock 7,plate ,,xviii74 ,"o %\ld nev] judge a man or a horse by 8 defects & weaknesses1 b r by 8 /rong po9ts & 8 g5]al proportions4 ,any political campaign w tea* ! absolute impossibility1 n to say imbecility1 ( any or all ! c&idates2 & yet "o or ano!r ( !m is fairly c]ta9 to give u a respectable gov]nm5t4 ,tammany has be5 kn[n to elect an upright mayor2 ,re=m has be5 kn[n to elect a weak "o4 ,!re h be5 trott]s & runn]s ( surpris+ records ) num]\s defects ( build1 & we all h "o or m equ9e p>agons 9 ! /able t are = sale at a mod]ate price4 ,none ! less1 !re are c]ta9 defects :i* %\ld be con/antly kept 9 m9d4 ,!y are1 beg9n+ at ! head3 a co>se1 heavy head1 a ?ick1 %ort neck1 a small1 sunk5 eye1 a long back1 a holl[ back 7?\gh !re h be5 good rac]s ) sway-backs71 flat sides1 too mu* l5g? betwe5 la/ rib & h9d qu>t]s 7a m>e1 z comp>$ ) a horse1 has1 z a rule1 a light] neck1 a broad] pelvis1 is high] beh9d & slack] 9 ! lo9s71 prom95t & bony hips1 l[ at ! )]s1 a %all[ *e/1 =e legs too close toge!r & n /raight1 v /raight or v b5t pa/]ns & hocks1 mu* split up betwe5 ! qu>t]s1 tail put on too l[ & hang+ close to ! qu>t]s1 flat feet1 ov]-big feet1 contract$ feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xi4--,,*ildr5',s ,,pony ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xii4--,,*ildr5',s ,,pony ,( ! age ( a horse1 aft] eight ye>s1 only ^? :o h giv5 mu* "t & /udy to ! subject c det]m9e any?+ v accurately4 ,! rec$+ ( ! gums & we> & te> ( ! tee?1 ( c\rse1 are indubitable signs ( age4 ,! l[] jaw1 too1 z a horse advances 9 ye>s1 t5ds to b5d outw>d1 mak+ an angle m & m acute r ?an an obtuse angle4 ,! cross-sections ( ! tee?1 too1 are small] z ! tee? gr[ up f ! gums to supply ! p>ts worn away4 ,up to ! age ( six ye>s ! age ( ! horse c be det]m9$ fairly accurately1 b ev5 !n diff]5ce 9 food & c>e make a m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ! we> on ! tee?4 ,! "y foal has two & sometimes ?ree tempor>y mol>s 9 ea* jaw 7,plate ,v474 ,:5 ab\t twelve mon?s old ano!r mol> appe>s 7,plate ,v47 :i* is p]man5t1 & be=e ! completion ( ! second ye> a fif? mol>1 also p]man5t1 appe>s 7,plate ,v474 ,betwe5 ! age ( ?ree & f\r ! m\? is complet$ ) twelve p]man5t mol>s 9 ea* jaw1 or tw5ty-f\r 9 all 7,plate ,v474 ,! incisors are six 9 numb] 9 ea* jaw :5 ! m\? is complete1 at ! age ( f\r4 ,j back ( ^!1 on ea* side1 at ! age ( f\r appe>s a po9t$ too? call$ a tusk 7,plate ,,vi474 ,^! tusks are r>ely f\nd 9 m>es4 ,! l[] jaw ( a horse ?ree ye>s old is m>k$ by two p]man5t tee? 9 ! c5tre & two milk tee? on ei!r side4 ,milk tee? are easily di/+ui%$ f p]man5t incisors by _! smallness1 :it5ess1 & _! m di/9ct necks4 ,at ! age ( f\r ! l[] jaw has f\r p]man5t & "o milk too? on ei!r side4 ,at ! age ( five !re are six p]man5t tee? & no milk tee?4 ,at ! age ( six !re are six p]man5t tee? & ! corn] tee? are fill$ 9 ! c5tre4 ,at ! age ( sev5 ! d>k fill+ 9 ! pit ( ! two c5tre tee? disappe>s 7,plate ,,vi474 ,at ! age ( eight 7,plate ,,vi47 ! d>k fill+ disappe>s f ! f\r c5tre tee?1 & at ! age ( n9e ^! m>ks h g5]ally disappe>$ f all ! tee? 7,plate ,,vi474 ,= all practical purposes ?is measure ( ! age ( ! horse is accurate en\gh1 ?\gh x is app>5t t ! nature ( ! food on :i* ! horse is f$1 :e!r x be h>d or s(t1 makes a diff]5ce4 ,horses1 = example1 f$ ^u ! fre% food ( a f>m w reta9 ! m>ks 9 ! tee? long] ?an horses graz+ ^u t\gh grass4 ,z a rule1 9 exam9+ a horse's m\? only ! l[] jaw is look$ at4 ,x is well to lift ! lips above ! upp] incisors to see if !y are unduly worn--a sure sign ( cribb+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiii4--,,good ,,%\ld]s1 ,,legs1 ,,& ,,feet ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiv4--,,heavy-,,h>ness ,,types ,:at has be5 writt5 ?us f> z to ! po9ts ( ! horse may puzzle ! amateur own]1 = ! reason t ^! po9ts seem to apply to all horses ( :atev] description4 ,9 prop] proportions !y d4 ,x is only necess>y to adapt ^! measurem5ts & proportions to ! k9d ( a horse we want1 rememb]+ always ! well-kn[n law1 t muscles & bones ( spe$ are long & sl5d]1 & ^? ( /r5g? are %ort & ?ick4 ,a pony #ad h&s #b in*es1 capable ( c>ry+ #bjj odd p\nds1 & a ?ree-qu>t]s br$ polo pony ( ! same size1 b want$ = spe$ & quickness1 w\ld naturally en\gh n look alike1 b ! g5]al relation ( ! p>ts to "o ano!r w\ld be ! same2 & 9 look+ at "o = a weight-c>ri] & at ! o!r = spe$1 y %\ld be> 9 y\r m9d's eye ! same di/9ct pr9ciples ( :at con/itutes a good horse & :at a bad "o4 ,if y are look+ = a horse = y\r runab\t1 or = a horse = a heavy /ation-wagon1 "o %\ld be light]1 clean]-built p]haps1 quick]1 & liveli] ?an ! o!r2 b x is a grave mi/ake to suppose t ! same rem>ks ab\t head1 neck1 back1 legs1 feet1 & s on d n apply ) equal p]t95cy to ! "o z to ! o!r4 ,rememb]+ always t weight is ( great help 9 pull+ a load1--a horse ) a heavy man on 8 back c pull a big load up a hill t )\t ! weight on 8 back he c\ld sc>cely move1--! o!r g5]al def9itions ( :at con/itute a good horse apply to all classes4 ,a /raight-%\ld]$ horse is less noticeable & less uncom=table 9 h>ness ?an "u saddle2 a slab-sid$1 ragg$-hipp$1 goose-rump$ animal well cov]$ ) heavy h>ness 9 a br\gham is less (f5sive ?an "u saddle1 b su* an "o is a poor specim5 :]ev] he is4 ,! ideal way1 h[ev]1 to cultivate an eye = a horse is to /udy 8 make-up ext]nally & int]nally f ! plates ( ! skeleton & ! int]nal p>ts 7,plates ,,xvi4 & ,,xvii472 to be> 9 m9d :at 8 ance/ry is2 to note ! relation ( ! p>ts to "o ano!r1 & ! position ( 8 v>i\s organs2 to /udy c>efully ! dispositions1 abilities1 /r5g?1 & weaknesses ( ! horses t y "k well2 & to come to y\r conclusions ) ?is k & exp]i5ce 9 ! back ( y\r bra94 ,to be able to gabble (f ! po9ts ( a horse memorit] avails ab\t z mu* z to "k ! lett]s ( ! alphabet avails to write "o ( ,rossetti's sonnets4 ,ev5 !n y w make mi/akes2 b to enjoy ! sport ( own+ & us+ horses1 ei!r 9 h>ness or "u saddle1 "o _c "k too mu*1 ei!r !oretically or practically4 ,al?\gh ?is volume is includ$ 9 a libr>y on sport1 x %\ld nev] be =gott5 t 9 deal+ ) e bran* ( sport1 p>ticul>ly :]e live animals are tra9$ & us$ by ! sportsman1 a v s]i\s e?ical elem5t ent]s4 ,no man :o kn[s no?+ ab\t horses1 no matt] h[ *>itable he may be1 no matt] h[ ecclesia/ically regul> he may be1 no matt] h[ conspicu\sly t5d]-he>t$ he may be to *ildr51 insects1 & ! poor1 has any bus9ess on a horse or beh9d a horse4 ,fir/1 because he is almo/ inv>iably cruel to ! horse2 & secondly1 because he is endang]+ ! lives ( o!r p4 ,h[ (t5 ,i h se5 ,piety 9 ! saddle1 saw+ ! t5d] b>s ( ! horse's m\?1 & slid+ back & =? f pommel to cantle ( ! saddle1 excoriat+ ! t5d] sk9 & fle% b5ea?4 ,h[ (t5 ,i h se5 ,philan?ropy & ,wor? driv+ horses ) cruel be>+-re9s1 traces too long1 pole-/raps too tight1 c\pl+-re9s ( ! same l5g? = ! long-neck$ & ! %ort-neck$ horse1 belly-b& tight & gir? loose1 bit too wide1 nose-b& flapp+ up & d[n1 & bree*+ too tight or too loose4 ,little did ,philan?ropy & ,wor? realize t ^! ?+s 7 z uncom=table to ! horse z tight %oes1 tr\s]s too long1 coats too small1 coll>s too tight1 & a too?a*e & heada*e to !m4 ,x is because sport has be5 h&l$ 9 ?is c\ntry to su* a l>ge ext5t by ! pr(essional & by ! uncultivat$1 t its prime value z a tea*] ( practical & economic morality has be5 ov]look$4 ,above all ?+s1 d n imag9e t1 because y own "o or m horses & /roke _! necks occasionally1 t y "k a horse :5 y see "o4 ,su* k does n come by cutane\s friction nor by money4 ,a wise man has ?ree attributes always2 he may h m1 b he mu/ h ^!3 7#a7 he is nev] afraid to ask que/ions2 7#b7 he is ?ankful = ! _m ?+s he does n want2 7#c7 he kn[s :5 he does n "k ?+s4 ,!re=e1 ask que/ions & make no pret5ce4 ,! mo/ ill-in=m$ man ,i ev] met is "o :o has nev] fail$ to answ] e "q ask$ him1 & :o nev] asks "o himself4 ,x is ne$less to say t he is a failure 9 8 pr(ession1 a bore socially1 & an encyclopdia ( voluble mis9=mation4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,/able ,once y h a horse1 ! next ?+ is to provide a place = him to live 94 ,x may be bett] to keep a horse 9 a liv]y-/able r ?an to h no horse at all1 b c]ta9ly n9e-t5?s1 & some?+ m1 ( ! pleasure ( own+ horses is lo/ if y h no /able ( y\r own4 ,!re are ?ree classes ( /ables1--good /ables1 bad /ables1 & magnific5t /ables2 j z !re are ?ree k9ds ( lies1--lies1 damn$ lies1 & /ati/ics4 ,wise m5 h good /ables & sometimes tell lies2 ignorant & bad m5 h poor /ables & (t5 tell damn$ lies2 gambl]s & %oddy millionnaires--6 ,:atev] else !y may h1 good /ables mu/ infallibly h light1 air1 & good dra9age4 ,to accompli% ^! ?+s1 ! /able %\ld be above ! level ( ! gr\nd surr\nd+ x1 if only a few in*es1 to facilitate prop] dra9age4 ,x %\ld face pref]ably s\? or we/1 to get ! l>ge/ possible am\nt ( sunlight4 ,pay no att5tion to any talk ab\t a d>k /able4 ,x is an explod$ notion4 ,x is ( c\rse necess>y to be able to d>k5 ! "p ( ! /able :]e ! horses take _! re/2 & x is a great conv5i5ce to h a box-/all or two1 sep>at$ entirely f ! o!rs1 :]e a horse may be kept quiet1 cool1 & out ( ! light4 ,b if necessity dem&s a *oice betwe5 light & d>kness1 *oose ! light e "t4 ,sunlight is ! be/ antiseptic 9 ! _w = ei!r m5 or horses4 ,! size ( ! /able dep5ds ^u ! purse4 ,x is n a "q ( ! numb] ( horses1 because no horse own] 0 ev] kn[n to h all ! horses he want$4 ,j z e ya*t own] wi%es to add j t5 feet to 8 ya*t1 s e man ) a /able ( horses c\ld use j "o or two m to advantage4 ,x is a fair /atem5t to "w ^u1 h[ev]1 t e horse 9 a /able is entitl$1 = 8 heal? & com=t1 to n9e hundr$ cubic feet ( space1 at lea/4 ,next to ! prop] all[ance ( food & wat]1 ?is matt] ( good air 9 ! /able is ! mo/ important ( all4 ,! gases giv5 (f ?r\gh ! lungs & sk91 & ^? g5]at$ f ur9e1 & fces1 are poison\s & irritat+4 ,c\ghs1 colds1 bad coats1 swell$ legs1 g5]al debility1 are all due to badly v5tilat$ /ables1 & if a contagi\s disease />ts 9 su* a /able1 x is well-nigh impossible to save any "o ( ! inmates4 ,bad v5tilation does n mean necess>ily t a /able is hot1 nor good v5tilation t a /able is cold4 ,if prop]ly manag$1 a /able may be s v5tilat$ z to avoid ei!r extreme4 ,:at is want$ is abundance ( fre% air )\t draughts4 ,all sy/ems ( v5tilation are bas$ ^u ! pr9ciple t heat$ air exp&s & asc5ds1 s t ! inlets %\ld be bel[1 ! outlets above4 ,! inlets %\ld be s arrang$ t ! cool air does n come 9 :]e x may bl[ ^u ! legs ( ! horses or make !m uncom=table :5 ly+ d[n4 ,all w9d[s & doors %\ld be kept 9 easy work+ ord]1 s t x is no tr\ble to s]vants to op5 & close !m4 ,= aft] all has be5 said & done ^u ^! matt]s !oretically1 ! practice w dep5d almo/ entirely ^u ! man or m5 9 *>ge4 ,i w\ld r h a poor /able1 ) a fir/-rate man 9 *>ge ( x1 ?an ! be/ /able ev] built1 ) a c>eless1 indiff]5t1 ignorant1 & occasionally inebriate man 9 *>ge4 ,no me*anical arrangem5ts1 no matt] h[ m9ute & delicate 9 _! s]viceability1 are ( ! slighte/ value :5 9 control ( ! incompet5t4 ,sp5d "t1 ?\ght1 money1 & pati5ce 9 build+ y\rself ! be/ /able y\r purse p]mits2 b 9 proportion sp5d ev5 m 9 procur+ ! man :o is to be at ! head ( x4 ,:5 y get him1 don't pamp] him1 or bribe him1 or kot[ to him1--no self-respect+ man is held by su* bonds1--b make him y\r fri5d & run y\r /able jo9tly ) him1 respect+ him 9 8 capacity & reta9+ 8 respect = y 9 y\rs4 ,above all ?+s1 abjure ! maudl9 s5tim5t ( ! day1 t !re %\ld be no ma/] & no man4 ,! univ]se1 s f> z telescope c see1 ! e>?1 f c5tre to rim1 recognize love1 law1 & ob$i5ce4 ,e intellig5t man is ! s]vant ( somebody1 & ought to be pr\d ( x2 if he is n1 some?+ is radically wrong ) him or ! ma/] he has *os5 to s]ve4 ,try to make ! man 9 ! /able pr\d ( be+ y\r s]vant4 ,if y succe$1 ev]y?+ w g well2 if y _c accompli% ?is ) love & law1 !n y w h to fall back ^u "s make%ift1 l money1 & get on ! be/ y c4 ,b make no mi/ake1 & save y\rself untold tr\bles by realiz+ at ! />t t money alone does n make good s]vants 9 ! /able or any:]e else4 ,! sailors :o f\ght ) ,paul ,jones1 & ! cavalry-m5 :o rode ) ,phil ,%]idan1 7 n ?9k+ mu* ( _! pay4 ,! manik9 mov$ by money w spoil y\r /able1 y\r temp]1 & y\r horses4 ,/udy c>efully ! *>act]s ( ^? :o are cont9ually compla9+ ( _! s]vants6 ,! simpl] ! con/ruction ( ! /able1 ! bett]4 ,h z few sep>ate rooms & z few passageways z possible2 ?is means light1 air1 cleanl9ess1 & conv5i5ce4 ,if y are ab\t to build a /able1 g ab\t among y\r fri5ds1 view _! /ables1 & he> :at !y h to say f _! exp]i5ce4 ,money sp5t 9 practical inspection be=e build+ w be sav$ _m times ov]1 9 gett+ :at y want1 &1 be/ ( all1 kn[+ :y y want x4 ,a few in*es above ! gr\nd is en\gh = dra9age2 if ! /able is high] ?an ?is1 y h a p5t to g up & d[n at ! /able door4 ,9 w9t] ?is is dang]\s1 & at all times x frets ! horses to slide out ( ! /able at ! />t-(f4 ,y\r entrance door %\ld be at lea/ #aj feet #f in*es wide & at lea/ #aj feet #f in*es high4 ,! ceil+s 9 coa* h\se1 & ov] ! /ables1 %\ld be at lea/ #ab feet high1 & a foot or two m gives t mu* m air space4 ,w9d[s 9 coa* h\se1 saddle room1 h>ness room & clean+ room %\ld be at a height conv5i5t = op5+ & %utt+ & always 9 easy work+ ord]4 ,w9d[s 9 /alls & boxes %\ld h ! l[] sill at lea/ #f feet #c in*es above ! gr\nd1 s t ! light %all n be 9 ! horse's eyes & draughts %all n bl[ ^u !m4 ,^! w9d[s %\ld all h %utt]s on ! outside1 %\ld h+e f ! bottom1 let d[n f outside 91 & be enclos$ on ! inside 9 a box to prev5t side draughts4 ,! /alls %\ld be at lea/ #i feet long1 ?\gh #aj feet is n too long1 & at lea/ #e feet #g in*es wide1 ?\gh a n>r[] /all may prev5t a horse gett+ ca/4 ,if !re are /alls on bo? sides1 or /alls on "o side1 & boxes on ! o!r1 ! aisle betwe5 %\ld be at lea/ #aj feet wide1 t ! horse may be br\ght out & turn$ com=tably4 ,if possible1 h "o or two box-/alls completely deta*$ f ! o!r /alls & boxes1 = sick horses1 = horses ne$+ re/ & quiet1 & = new horses t may come into ! /able ) di/emp]4 ,if !re are liv+ rooms ov] ! /able1 d n h !m ov] ! horses4 ,horses ought to be all[$ to sleep 9 peace4 ,! coa*-h\se floor %\ld be pref]ably ( wood on acc\nt ( dampness1 ?\gh cem5t is *eap]1 & 9 a well-air$ & dry /able is good en\gh4 ,! aisle betwe5 /alls %\ld be ( brick1 or ( well-laid small fl9t brick1 laid 9 mort>1 & ) ! l9es runn+ p>allel to "o ano!r1 & n 9 h]r+-bone fa%ion1 s t a hose & a /able broom c ?or\ghly cleanse ! cracks4 ,any o!r arrangem5t requires a knife to get all ! dirt away4 ,! /alls %\ld h brick floors1 or brick or cem5t1 ) a slatt$ wood5 floor ov] x4 ,!re are advocates ( wood alone & brick alone = ! /all floor2 ! slats are a fair compromise4 ,^! slats %\ld run d[n ! c5tre ( ! /all1 beg9n+ "s #d feet f front ( /all4 ,! slats %\ld be held toge!r ) iron rods1 & ei!r pull out bodily or move on h+es1 s t ! /all may be wa%$ out ?or\ghly ) ! hose4 ,! p>titions betwe5 /alls %\ld be #g or #h feet high 9 front & #e or #f beh9d4 ,x is well to leave a few in*es ( space betwe5 ! p>titions & ! wall 9 front1 & betwe5 ! bottom ( ! p>titions & ! floor1 = circulation ( air4 ,! ideal /all w\ld h bo? a box-dra9 9 ! c5tre1 & a dra9 runn+ at ! bottom f "o end ( ! l9e ( /alls to ! o!r at a slight incl9e4 ,! latt] is suffici5t1 h[ev]4 ,horses %\ld /& z ne>ly z possible on a level4 ,a slope ( "o 9 eighty is en\gh = dra9age4 ,box-/alls %\ld h a c5tre dra9 ) a well-secur$ top to prev5t accid5t4 ,all dra9age 9 /ables %\ld be surface dra9age4 ,p]mit no und]gr\nd pipes1 traps1 or dra9s 9 y\r /able6 ,boxes %\ld be at lea/ #aj feet #f by #ab feet4 ,x is claim$ by practical horse own]s ( long /&+ t no m /raw is us$ 9 /alls & boxes ) brick floors ?an 9 ^? ) wood5 or wood5 slat floors1 & t ! =m] are clean]4 ,x goes )\t say+ t ! less wood & iron y h 9 /alls & boxes1 ! bett]4 ,!y ru/1 corrode1 get soak$1 & smell4 ,9 a well-kept /able y\r nose %\ld n be a factor 9 ! recognition ( ! fact t y are 9 a /able4 ,! h>ness room %\ld be ( wood ?r\gh\t1 ceil+ z well1 to avoid dampness4 ,unless y h doz5s ( sets ( h>ness1 "s ( :i* are seldom us$1 & !re=e conv5i5tly kept 9 cases1 cov] y\r h>ness-room walls ) baize /uff1 & h y\r h>nesses 9 ! full blaze ( all ! light & publicity !re is4 ,!y w be kept bett]4 ,h a box ) a baize /uff back & a glass door = bits1 *a9s1 etc41 & h x too big r ?an too small4 ,h>ness room1 coa* h\se1 saddle room1 & clean+ room %\ld ea* h a place = a /ove4 ,!re %\ld be no artificial heat :]e ! horses are kept4 ,well-blanket$ horses c be kept )\t injury ev5 9 an occasional temp]ature ( #cj1 z happ5$ frequ5tly 9 _m /ables dur+ ! sev]e w9t] ( #aijc-d4 ,su* a temp]ature is n good = !m1 b ev5 t is mu* bett] ?an artificial heat incompet5tly sup]9t5d$4 ,six or sev5 horses 9 "o /able are en\gh4 ,!y h m air1 m quiet1 are kept clean]1 & ! com+ & go+ makes less di/urbance & does n *ange ! temp]ature ( ! /able s viol5tly4 ,9 ?is climate a /able ( wood is *eap]1 cool] 9 summ]1 w>m] 9 w9t]1 &1 at all times1 dri]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xv4--,,/able ,,plan ,aft] /udy+ a numb] ( /ables & exp]im5t+ ) my own1 ,i %\ld build a /able--say to accommodate sev5 horses1 or f\rte5 at a p9*--z foll[s3 coa* h\se to /& f\rte5 vehicles 7,plate ,,xv474 ,! build+ to face s\? or we/4 ,horses to face1 ! majority ( !m1 to ! nor?4 ,gr\nd floor #d in*es above ! outside gr\nd4 ,entrance door to slide & to be #aj feet #f in*es wide & ! same 9 height4 ,! ideal ?+1 ( c\rse1 is to be able to drive ?r\gh y\r /able by hav+ ano!r door opposite y\r entrance door4 ,x only dim9i%es ! wall space1 & is conv5i5t 9 _m ways1 especially 9 a c\ntry /able1 :]e y may wi% to /& a horse & trap indoors4 ,drive 9 ! door on to c>riage wa%1 slop+ t[>d dra9 9 c5tre1 ?is to be ( cem5t4 ,slid+ door to ! "r admitt+ to ! /ables1 ) six /alls fac+ nor? & two box-/alls fac+ s\?4 ,space #aj feet by #aj feet = clean+ h>ness1 betwe5 box-/all & wall t sep>ate c>riage wa% f /ables1 ) a door at ! end1 half door pref]r$1 furni%$ ) hooks & two telescope h>ness-hang]s1 wat]-tr\gh1 & %elves4 ,aisle1 #aj feet wide betwe5 /alls & box-/alls1 laid 9 vitrifi$ brick1 all l9es betwe5 bricks runn+ into "o ano!r bo? l5g?wise & sideways = great] conv5i5ce 9 clean+4 ,dra9 9 c5tre ( ea* box-/all1 & cov]$ dra9 runn+ at foot ( /alls4 ,cov]s ( all dra9s removable1 & dra9s to be easily wa%able ) hose4 ,/alls floor$ ) brick1 box-/alls ( ! same4 ,half door at end ( aisle to face l>ge door lead+ into c>riage wa%4 ,9 ?is climate1 scre5s on all doors & w9d[s = summ]4 ,w9d[s z describ$4 ,fe$ & hay to come d[n %afts on "o side ( space allott$ to h>ness clean+4 ,tr\gh 9 t space ) cold wat] only4 ,hot wat] to be furni%$ by boil] on /ove 9 c>riage h\se4 ,no sep>ate h>ness clean+ room 9 a /able ( ?is k9d4 ,! r\gh "w c be conv5i5tly done 9 ! space describ$1 & ! poli%+1 du/+1 etc41 9 ! h>ness room4 ,?is saves an extra room1 probably d>k1 & at any rate ano!r room to be kept clean4 ,c>riage h\se to ! left ( c>riage wa%1 pref]ably floor$ & ceil$ ) wood1 ) hospital1 or r\nd$ corn]s & edges1 s t x c be readily & ?or\ghly clean$1 #be by #ce feet1 :i* w easily conta9 twelve to fifte5 vehicles4 ,h>ness room to be ent]$ f end ( c>riage wa% opposite entrance door1 to be elev5 by tw5ty-f\r1 walls l9$ ) baize & furni%$ ) fixtures = h>ness1 saddles1 :ips1 etc4 ,two extra box-/alls1 tool room1 wat]-closet1 & sep>ate entrance1 ) /airs to liv+ rooms above1 built out f s\?we/ angle ( c>riage h\se4 ,^! box-/alls to h half doors1 if possible1 op5+ into a small paddock & floor$ ) dirt or peat moss4 ,=ty doll>s' wor? ( ,miss ,hewitt's well-made hurdles w make y a v useful paddock & save scores ( doll>s 9 vet]9>y bills4 ,by all means h cleats to =m a ladd] on ! wall ( ! hay-%aft1 s t ! man c get directly & quickly to 8 horses 9 case ( accid5t or dang]4 ,poles1 fa/5$ to ! wall ) h+es1 s t !y are n 9 ! way :5 n us$1 along ! walls ( ! c>riage h\se1 = robes1 & re/s = poles !mselves4 ,*e/s l9$ ) t9 = travell+ & = /or+ w9t] or summ] clo?+1 blankets1 robes1 etc4 ,hay %\ld be f$ f ! floor1 n f ov]head mang]s4 ,fe$ boxes & wat]-receptacles movable1 t !y may be f "t to "t tak5 out to be sc\r$ & sunn$4 ,horses wat]$ ) wat]-buckets & n by hav+ wat] 9 /alls always at h&4 ,z reg>ds ?is practice1 ! !ory is indisputable1 b 9 practice y h dirty wat]1 /ale wat]1 wat] :5 horses are heat$ or j aft] meals1 unless y h fir/-class s]vants2 & if y h ^!1 ! buckets are saf] & save t mu* plumb+--! less ( :i* y h 9 a /able1 ! bett]4 ,9 su* a /able y drive y\r c>riage 9 on to ! wa%4 ,! horses are unhook$ & tak5 into ! /ables1 :]e if x is a raw day ! door may be clos$4 ,! h>ness is tak5 (f1 hung on hooks1 & ! horses are c>$ =4 ,! h>ness is !n clean$ & tak5 to ! h>ness room1 :]e x may be giv5 f9i%+ t\*es4 ,! c>riage is wa%$ d[n & run into its place1 & all ) ! v m9imum ( go+ & com+ & s arrang$ t no dirt ne$ be c>ri$ across clean spaces4 ,horses1 c>riages1 & h>ness are all l&$ :]e !y are to be fir/ c>$ =1 & are !n close to :]e !y belong :5 clean$4 ,?is ( c\rse is an economical plan1 & is n int5d$ to describe ! ideal /able4 ,x is m]ely an ideal /able = a man ( mod]ate means4 ,once a week1 wea!r p]mitt+1 all c>riages %\ld be air$ & sunn$ outside4 ,x may be said1 h[ev]1 t a ?or\ghly dry c>riage h\se is bett] ?an ev5 ?is mu* exposure to ! sun1 ) ! effect ( fad+ cu%ions1 trimm+s1 etc4 ,saddles %\ld always be dri$ 9 ! sun :5 possible4 ,once a week1 too1 ! coa* h\se %\ld be clean$ & du/$4 ,once a week horses %\ld be mov$ f _! /alls to o!r /alls or box-/alls1 b$d+ remov$1 slats lift$ or tak5 out1 if !re are slats1 & ! /able flu%$ & broom$ out ?or\ghly & spr9kl$ ) dis9fectant & wat]4 ,i h kn[n /ables :]e !re has n be5 a sick horse = ye>s1 except 9 ! case ( new horses ) di/emp]4 ,! temp]ature ( a /able is be/ betwe5 #ej to #gj4 ,! ne>] x is kept at #fe ! ye> r\nd1 ! bett]4 ,into ! details ( fixtures1 implem5ts1 ar*itectural & plumb+ m9uti1 x is n ! purpose ( ?is small volume to g4 ,!re are books :i* cov] ?is gr\nd completely1 accurately1 & 9 great detail1 ! titles ( :i* may be f\nd 9 ! ,bibliography4 ,al?\gh only ! gr\nd plan ( a /able is outl9$ & describ$ "h1 ! rooms above ! /able are important4 ,! coa*man1 ) or )\t family1 %\ld live 9 ! /able1 & x is conv5i5t to h ! und]m5 !re too if possible4 ,horses %\ld nev] be left to take c>e ( !mselves ?r\gh ! night4 ,! liv+ rooms %\ld be prop]ly v5tilat$1 heat$1 & provid$ ) ba? rooms1 & ev]y?+ )9 reason done to make ^? :o c>e = ! horses at lea/ z com=table z ! horses4 ,rac+ /ables1 bre$+ /ables1 /ables = tw5ty & ?irty horses1 are subjects 9 !mselves1 al?\gh ! pr9ciples outl9$ "h mu/ ( necessity obta9 9 a good /able ( :atev] size & = :atev] purpose4 ,!re are two /ables1 t ,i h se51 & probably o!rs1 :]e money has wav$ exp]i5ce to "o side1 & insi/$ ^u ?is or t1 :]e a pliant ar*itect has obey$1 & !y are bo? useless4 ,!re is su* a ?+--x 0 discov]$ 9 ^! cases--z hav+ a /able too big1 & ( attempt+ to h\se too _m horses "u "o ro(4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,fe$+ ,,& ,,/able ,,managem5t ,exp]i5ce has %[n t "o man c c>e = ?ree horses2 t two m5 c c>e = sev52 ?ree m5 are ne$$ = t51 & s on4 ,b ev5 ?is mu/ be modifi$4 ,:]e ! memb]s ( ! family live 9 ! c\ntry & d mo/ ( _! own driv+1 ^! figures are correct1 b 9 an e/abli%m5t :]e two m5 are requir$ on ! box ) "o or m vehicles1 & a groom mu/ accompany ea* trap1 & !re is1 to boot1 a fair am\nt ( rid+1 additional help is ne$$ 9 ! /able1 if ev]y?+ is to g smoo?ly2 & horses1 h>nesses1 saddles1 & c>riages are to be turn$ out well4 ,! :ole problem ( ! c>e & sy/em ( a /able c5tres ar\nd ! horse1 & m p>ticul>ly ! horse's /oma*4 ,no animal1 9 proportion to its size1 has su* a small /oma* z a horse4 ,! /oma* ( a man1 ^: weight is "o-eigh? ( t ( a horse1 w hold some?+ m ?an ?ree qu>ts ( wat]2 :ile ! /oma* ( a horse w only hold ?ree gallons1 or f\r times t quantity4 ,! great bulk ( ! horse requires a l>ge quantity ( food1 & :at food he eats dige/s & passes ?r\gh him quickly4 ,if ?is 7 n s1 ! /oma* w\ld = a l>ge "p ( ! "t be s di/5d$ & s press ^u o!r organs ( ! body t 8 usefulness w\ld be s]i\sly impair$4 ,he mu/1 !re=e1 be f$ regul>ly & (t51 t is to say1 ?ree times a day at lea/1 & f\r times is bett]4 ,! managem5t ( ! /able mu/ h+e1 !re=e1 ^u ! meal h\rs ( its inmates & _! use by ! own]s--:]e horses mu/ d duty at an e>ly tra9 9 ! morn+ & ano!r tra9 9 ! ev5+1 or :]e horses are out %opp+ f #aa ,a4,m4 to #a4cj ,p4,m4 & !re is driv+ & rid+ 9 ! aft]noon1 & night duty z well1 ! r\t9e ( ! /able mu/ be adapt$ to ^? dem&s4 ,9 ! case ( a l>ge /able1 :]e ?ree or f\r m5 are kept1 a regul> r\t9e ( duty %\ld be laid out z on %ipbo>d1 ) h\rs & duties cle>ly set d[n1 o!rwise confusion w reign4 ,9 a small /able ! requirem5ts ( ! family %\ld be s f> z possible along regul> l9es1 & 9 all cases ev]y:]e no coa*man or groom ought to be subject$ to calls = horses )\t w>n+4 ,by n9e o'clock 9 ! morn+ ! ord]s = horses want$ up to noon %\ld be giv52 by two o'clock ! ord]s = horses want$ up to eight o'clock4 ,?is _c be done always1 b x ought to be done s f> z possible1 o!rwise ! be/-natur$ & mo/ sy/ematic man 9 ! _w w f9d x impossible to keep 8 /able runn+ smoo?ly1 8 horses f$ & wat]$ & dress$ at ! prop] times1 &1 mo/ important ( all1 8 horses ready = "w :5 !y are ne$$4 ,a horse j wat]$1 or ) a /oma* full ( hay1 or ) a he>ty fe$ 9 him1 is p]haps ! mo/ uncom=table ( all conveyances1 & if work$ h>d "u ! circum/ances does himself s]i\s injury4 ,!re is no real pleasure1 no real sport1 9 ?is _w t does n entail intellig5ce & labor4 ,x is "o ( ! greate/ ( pleasures1 "o ( ! mo/ :olesome sports1 to own1 to ride1 & to drive horses4 ,b to h a /able (1 say1 f ?ree to t5 horses & to get y\r own fun out ( x1 requires "w1 intellig5ce1 & ov]sight4 ,visit y\r fri5ds :o h horses & see h[ (t5 ?is horse _c g out1 t horse _c g out4 ,"o is lame1 ano!r has a sore back1 ano!r is us$ up f ye/]day1 & s on4 ,or look ab\t y at ! condition ( y\r neighbors' horses1--tir$-look+1 />+ coats1 bags ( bones to look at1 rattl+ c>riages & ill-fitt+ h>nesses1 int]f]+1 & ov]rea*+2 & ^! e/abli%m5ts co/ money & are suppos$ to give pleasure4 ,h[ %all we avoid all ?is8 ,if y h no int]e/ 9 y\r /able & h no "t1 say half an h\r a day1 to devote to x1 & no o!r memb] ( ! family kn[s or c>es any?+ ab\t x1 by all means job y\r horses & d n attempt a /able4 ,at lea/ y c avoid be+ p>ticeps crim9is 9 ! ru9+ ( horses1 ! spoil+ ( coa*m5 & grooms1 & ! wa/eful de/ruction ( h>nesses & c>riages4 ,b if y h a /able1 look aft] x4 ,provide y\rself ) a ,/able ,book2 a long-leav$ book ( a hundr$ & fifty pages1--! left-h& page ) ! mon? at ! top & ?irty-"o spaces bel[ = days ( ! mon?4 ,at ! top z head+s h ,fe$--,%oe+--,repairs--,ca%--,miscellane \s4 ,on ! "r-h& page h blank space = ,rem>ks & any details ab\t horses1 vet]9>y visits1 horses b\ght or sold4 ,! coa*man %\ld ent] aga9/ ! prop] dates :at horses are %od & h[1 :at fe$ comes 91 all articles1 includ+ clo!s1 pur*as$1 & all o!r details4 ,?is book comes 9 at ! end ( ! mon?1 to be comp>$ ) ! own]s' bills1 & he %\ld add ! am\nts & *eck (f ! items4 ,bo? ! coa*man & ! own] %\ld "k to a p5ny :at ! /able is co/+4 ,we h all probably discov]$ t we d n "k :]e to save1 if we d n "k h[ we sp5d4 ,! beg9n+ ( all economy is ! k ( exp5ditures4 ,x may be ma9ta9$ j "h t all ?is is too mu* tr\ble6 ,^? :o feel t way _h be/ close ! book4 ,nei!r ?is *apt] nor any ( ! o!rs is writt5 = ^? :o "k x all1--( :om1 alas1 !re are s _m1--nor = ^? :o d n wi% to "k any?+ :i* entails tr\ble4 ,! necess>y implem5ts = ! "w ( ! /able %\ld be furni%$ will+ly1 & buckets1 hose1 =ks1 hang]s1 clo!s1 *amois1 hooks1 brooms1 sponges1 %\ld be kept 9 repair or r5ew$4 ,x is a poor plan to economize at ! work+ end ( ! /able4 ,"o or two horses or traps less1 or a groom less1 b let :at y h be good ( its k9d & be kept good4 ,once a week ! /able %\ld be wa%$ out1 poli%$1 & du/$1 & spr9kl$ ) ,sanitas or "s o!r good dis9fectant1 & ! own] %\ld1 z !y say on %ipbo>d1 h qu>t]s4 ,look ov] ev]y?+ f end to end2 if y d n take t mu* int]e/ 9 ! matt]1 x is n likely t ! executive (fic] at ! /able w reta9 a v en?usia/ic int]e/ 9 ! affairs ( ! /able = long4 ,a man ) half an eye c tell1 f ! horses1 h>nesses1 & vehicles he sees1 :e!r ! own]s cop]ate ) _! coa*m5 or n4 ,a man %\ld be able to groom a horse ?or\ghly 9 f ?irty to =ty m9utes1 & ?is "w %\ld be done1 if possible1 away f ! o!r horses4 ,a good r\t9e = /able managem5t c only be work$ out by ea* man = himself1 accord+ to ! regul> dem&s ^u ! /able f ! family1 z a basis4 ,al?\gh horses are kept prim>ily to "w1 x is by no means easy1 al?\gh ( all ?+s mo/ necess>y1 t !y %\ld h ex]cise regul>ly4 ,_m ( ! accid5ts & mu* ( ! illness 9 mo/ /ables arise f irregul> ex]cise & c>eless fe$+4 ,! av]age horse 9 ! private /able %\ld be out two h\rs a day1 & %\ld d t5 miles4 ,) "o day's re/ 9 sev51 season$ horses c d m ?an ?is--up to fifte51 & ev5 m1 miles a day--& be ! bett] = x4 ,_! muscles h>d51 respiratory organs are less liable to disease1 &1 /range z x may s\nd to ! un9itiat$1 _! feet & legs d bett]1 ev5 :5 ! "w is on h>d roads4 ,swell$ legs1 f\nd]1 azoturia1 colic1 & ! l are m (t5 ! result ( ov]fe$+ & "u ex]cis+ ?an ! rev]se4 ,if ! feet are wa%$ out :5 ! horse returns to ! /able--be+ c>eful to dry ! legs ?or\ghly--& /opp$ at night ) a sponge or bit ( ?ick felt1 ^! precautions1 ) regul> ex]cise & judici\s fe$+1 w d m ?an any?+ else to keep y\r horses 9 condition to g :5 y want !m4 ,coa*manitis & groomaturia sometimes int]f]e ) ! own]'s wi% to use 8 horses2 & :]e ?is malady is ( frequ5t occurr5ce1 a prolong$ holiday is ! only rem$y4 ,!re are "s m5 :o are con/itutionally unfitt$ to get on ) m5 "u !m4 ,!y are n necess>ily bad m51 b1 f _! golf caddy to _! butl]s & secret>ies1 !y are dislik$4 ,"o woman w run h] h\se ye> aft] ye> )\t friction2 ano!r1 ( ! bumpti\s v>iety1 w sup]vise ! :ole univ]se1 :ile h] husb&1 *ildr51 & h\sehold drift1 gr[l1 & suff]4 ,"o man w /ep abo>d a ya*t1 & 8 crew & (fic]s w pull & haul & qu>rel & leave2 :ile ano!r1 ) ! same m51 w h no tr\ble4 ,! writ] has no prescription to (f] = ! cur+ ( fussy wives or bad ma/]s4 ,x is n to be expect$ t ev5 ! ,almighty w create a man :o %all comb9e ! attributes ( ,oliv] ,cromwell & ,he9ri* ,he9e4 ,b 9 ?is matt] ( ! managem5t ( ! /able !re are a few rules wor? keep+ 9 m9d4 ,don't use y\r influ5ce till y get x6 ,don't worry y\rself or o!rs ab\t trifles6 ,9 ! vital matt]s ( hone/y1 sobriety1 c>efulness1 neatness1 be insi/5t & positive4 ,don't put on airs ab\t ?+s ( :i* y "k less ?an y\r coa*man4 ,don't %[ y\r damn$ au?ority--z ! ,iri%man ) 8 pig--j = ! pleasure ( %[+ x6 ,horses1 no d\bt1 liv$ ^u grasses & ! l :5 !y c>$ = !mselves4 ,horses ev5 n[ c d a c]ta9 am\nt ( sl[ "w ^u hay alone1 b to d ?is a l>ge quantity is ne$$1 say f eighte5 p\nds to tw5ty p\nds4 ,b by a mixture ( food a horse c be made to d m & fa/] & m exhau/+ "w4 ,hay--good hay--is %ort1 f9e1 agreeable to smell & ta/e1 h>d & crisp1 & is g5]ally mix$ ) clov]1 & ! be/ hay is "o ye> old--is ! basis ( all fe$+4 ,an av]age all[ance is ab\t twelve p\nds a day1 ) ! l>g] quantity giv5 at night4 ,a little hay also at noon helps dige/ion4 ,if a horse is want$ = fa/ "w1 eight p\nds ( hay is en\gh4 ,a horse does 8 "w m com=tably to himself if 8 /oma* is some:at empty r ?an di/5d$ ) hay4 ,! fe$+ ( ! hay %\ld be regulat$ s t ! animal is n giv5 8 hay j be=e go+ to "w1 b at ! meal aft] he comes 94 ,_m coa*m5 are great believ]s 9 *opp$ hay or *aff4 ,!re is n mu* sav+ 9 fe$+ hay 9 ?is way--none at all if x is b\ght already 9 ! =m ( *aff--al?\gh a little *aff mix$ ) ! o!r food requires m "t 9 ma/ication & h5ce is bett] = dige/ion4 ,hay %\ld be f$ f ! bottom ( ! /all4 ,oats--good oats are heavy1 ?9-sk9n$1 clean1 h>d & sweet1 & )\t mu/y smell4 ,good oats w weigh f #db to #de p\nds to ! bu%el2 fair oats1 #ch to #dj p\nds4 ,horses 9 av]age "w %\ld h f eight to t5 qu>ts ( oats a day4 ,:]e ! "w ( ! horses is sev]e1 !y %\ld h z mu* z !y want4 ,! cavalry all[ance is t5 qu>ts a day1 :i* is a good m$ium all[ance4 ,! rations ( oats %\ld be increas$ or decreas$ accord+ to ! am\nt ( "w ! horse is do+4 ,oats may be boil$ or /eam$1 may be flavor$ ) g+] or a little black jack molasses1 or ev5 mix$ ) a few slices ( apples = n]v\s or bad fe$]s4 ,if a horse gobbles 8 fe$1 x is well to spr9kle 8 oats ) dry bran1 or to mix !m ) *aff4 ,b>ley1 beans1 peas1 are n mu* us$ 9 private /ables1 ?\gh beans = a horse 9 h>d "w or = fatt5+ are valuable4 ,a qu>t ( cru%$ beans mix$ ) ! o!r food at night is recomm5d$4 ,!y %\ld be at lea/ a ye> old1 weigh f #fj to #fd p\nds to ! bu%el1 & be h>d1 plump1 & sweet4 ,corn is us$ l>gely 9 ! ,we/ = horses1 b seldom 9 ! ,ea/1 9 private /ables4 ,x is a /rong1 fatt5+ food1 &1 s]v$ to ! horses on ! e>1 is good = tee? & gums1 & makes !m eat sl[ly4 ,x %\ld n be f$ 9 quantity1 b z a *ange1 or a cob or two at a "t ) o!r food4 ,bran--%\ld be dry1 sweet-ta/+1 free f m\ld--is n exactly an article ( food4 ,x may be f$ ) o!r fe$1 b is usually giv5 once or twice a week 9 ! =m ( a ma%1 pref]ably ! night be=e a day ( light "w or no "w at all4 ,l9se$ is an ap]i5t1 l bran1 & is us$ to moi/5 food t is too con/ipat+1 & is recomm5d$ /rongly by "s au?orities 9 ! =m ( a ma% mix$ ) bran or z a jelly 9 ! case ( horses out ( condition & ne$+ a palatable /imulant4 ,x is also conducive to gloss9ess ( coat & heal?9ess ( sk91 b unless us$ sp>+ly affects ! w9d4 ,apples1 boil$ potatoes1 c>rots1 black molasses1 clov]1 or o!r fre% =age may all be us$ z a *ange ( diet4 ,?is la/ %\ld be giv5 sp>+ly at fir/1 = x is (t5 ! cause ( s]i\s tr\ble :5 giv5 9 quantity all at once4 ,c>rots are altoge!r ! be/ sub/itute = fre% grass4 ,!y c be giv5 )\t h>m1 occasionally1 ! ye> r\nd1 ei!r alone or mix$ ) o!r food--always cut up l5g?wise1 o!rwise ! horse may *oke on !m4 ,rememb]1 always1 ! smallness ( ! horse's /oma* 9 fe$+ him4 ,:5 left to himself1 he w graze all day long1 eat+1 h[ev]1 b little at a "t4 ,:5 he comes 9 tir$1 give him a little food1 a ma% or gruel1 or1 if he is to h a h>d day1 c>ry a little oatmeal & a bottle ( ,bass = 8 lun*eon4 ,if y are caught f> f home ) a tir$ horse1 almo/ any h\se c furni% oatmeal1 w>m wat]1 &1 if procurable1 a small am\nt ( /imulant add$1 & ?is1 ) a good rubb+ d[n1 w make ano!r horse ( y\r tir$ bea/4 ,?\gh ! /oma* ( ! horse is small1 8 wat] capacity is l>ge4 ,! wat] he dr9ks does n rema9 9 ! /oma*1 b passes directly ?r\gh x1 & ! small inte/9es to ! ccum 7"o ( ! l>ge inte/9es74 ,except :]e a horse is ill1 ov]heat$1 or ov]tir$1 he may be all[$ to dr9k z mu* z he w4 ,horses %\ld always1 too1 be wat]$ be=e !y are f$1 = reasons obvi\s f :at has be5 said ( ! horse's /oma*4 ,horses %\ld be wat]$ ! la/ ?+ at night1 say #aj ,p4,m4 ,no horse %\ld be tortur$ by be+ kept )\t wat] f #g ,p4,m4 till #f ,a4,m4 ,?is is cruelty & soon tells on ! horse to 8 great & v p]ceptible disadvantage4 ,ev5 horses com+ 9 f "w 9 w>m wea!r may h a small quantity1 b only a small quantity1 ( wat] :ile !y are be+ cool$ out & rubb$ d[n4 ,no ov]heat$1 tir$ horse %\ld be all[$ to fill himself up ) cold wat]2 nei!r1 on ! o!r h&1 %\ld he be kept 9 a rag+ ?ir/ indef9itely4 ,salt is s necess>y a "p ( ! horse's diet t x is be/ to h a piece ( rock salt weigh+ two or ?ree p\nds always 9 8 mang]1 r ?an to leave x to 8 fe$]s to give him s mu* at ea* meal1 :i* (t5 results 9 an irregul> supply4 ,express companies & o!r l>ge own]s & us]s ( horses h be5 exp]im5t+ ) molasses z a food4 ,x has be5 us$1 too1 9 bo? ! ,fr5* & ,g]man armies4 ,"o qu>t ( molasses1 ?ree qu>ts ( wat]1 "o & "o-half p\nds ( corn meal1 "o & "o-half p\nds ( bran1 & six p\nds ( cut hay1 is ! prop] mixture = "o horse1 & %\ld be f$ morn+ & ev5+1 ) "s dry oats at noon4 ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 v mu* *eap] ?an ! usual me?ods ( fe$+1 & 9 a numb] ( cases has prov$ successful4 ,! writ] has se5 horses f$ ^u ?is diet2 !y did ! sl[ & heavy "w 9 l>ge brew]s' wagons1 & look$ sleek & well1 & 7 said to d _! "w z well if n bett] ?an on ! old sy/em ( fe$+4 ,x is difficult to use molasses 9 private /ables1 p>ticul>ly 9 summ]1 :5 x attracts flies & s\rs :5 left 9 ! mang]1 b x is a good adjunct to ! bill ( f>e 9 any /able1 & any?+ t gives v>iety & is :olesome is valuable z a food4 ,,table4--,,nutritive ,,value ,,( ,,c]ta9 ,,articles ,,( ,,diet ,,9 #ajj ,,p>ts ,,salts ,,cellulose ,,c>bohydrates ,,fats ,,album9ates ,,wat] ,,articles ,grass1 be=e blossom #ge4j #c4j #j4h #ab4i #g4j #b4j ,grass1 aft] blossom #fi4j #b4e #j4g #ae4j #aa4e #b4j ,mead[ hay #ad4c #h4b #b4j #da4c #cj4j #f4b ,oats #ad4c #ab4j #f4j #fj4i #aj4c #c4j ,b>ley #ad4c #i4e #b4e #ff4f #g4j #b4f ,maize1 ,indian #ab4i #i4bc #a4ei #fh4j #e4j #a4ff ,peas #ad4c #bb4d #b4e #eb4c #i4b #b4e ,beans #ad4e #be4e #b4j #de4e #aa4e #c4e ,rice #ad4f #g4e #j4e #gf4e #j4i #j4e ,l9se$ #aa4h #ba4g #cg4j #ag4e #h4j #d4j ,bran #ac4a #ad4j #c4h #ej4j #ag4h #e4a ,c>rots #he4j #a4e #j4b #aj4h #a4g #a4j ,l9se$ cake #ab4d #bg4c #ab4h #cd4e #f4e #f4a ,repres5t muscle=m+ +r$i5ts ,ma9t5ance ( animal heat ,wa/erepair+ +r$i5ts ,woodyfibre +r$i5ts1 /imulate dige/ion & sep>ate ri*] p>ticles ( food ,,table4--,,common ,,weights ,,& ,,measures #a qu>t oats #a p\nd #a ton hay #bjjj p\nds #a qu>t]n oats #b p\nds #a bale hay #cjj p\nds 7v>ies #a peck oats #h p\nds #ej p\nds7 #a bag oats #fe p\nds #a ton loose hay occupies ab\t 7#a lb4 = ! weight ( bag7 #ejj cubic feet #b p9ts oats #a qu>t #a ton bal$ hay occupies space #b qu>ts oats #a qu>t]n ( ab\t #aj cubic y>ds #h qu>ts oats #a peck #a ton /raw #bjjj p\nds #d pecks oats #a bu%el #a bale /raw #bej p\nds 7v>ies #b bu%els oats #a bag #ej p\nds7 #a ton loose /raw occupies space ( ab\t #fjj cubic feet #a ton bal$ /raw occupies space ( ab\t #ab cubic y>ds ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,fir/ ,,aid ,,to ,,! ,,injur$ ,x is a dang]\s ?+ = own]s to doctor _! own horses1 unless !y are practically vet]9>ians by exp]i5ce1 or pr(ession4 ,x is ev5 m dang]\s to leave su* matt]s to ! man 9 ! /able4 ,an omnisci5t coa*man c d m h>m to 8 cattle ?an all o!r evil surr\nd+s comb9$4 ,to treat a horse = a wrongly diagnos$ malady1 ) half-und]/ood rem$ies1 is ! height ( folly & ! acme ( cruelty4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are c]ta9 simple rem$ies & c]ta9 famili> maladies1 ( :i* ! horse-own] ought to "k some?+ = 8 own1 & 8 horse's protection4 ,! range ( pulse p] m9ute 9 a heal?y adult horse is f ?irty-f\r to ?irty-eight4 ,9 disease ! range is f z l[ z tw5ty to z high z "o hundr$ & tw5ty4 ,! =e & middle f+] %\ld be plac$ transv]sely on ! art]y inside ( ! jaw1 ne> ! j[l1 to feel ! pulse4 ,d ?is (t5 :5 y\r horses are 9 heal?1 & ?us accu/om y\rself to f9d ! pulse in/antly & to note its pulsations accurately 9 "t ( ne$4 ,! av]age temp]ature ( ! horse is #ajj ,f41 a ?ird m or less4 ,! temp]ature ( ! horse is tak5 by ! ins]tion ( a cl9ical !rmomet] 9 ! rectum1 :]e x %\ld rema9 five m9utes4 ,horses regi/]+ a temp]ature z high z #ajf h recov]$1 b above ?is dea? g5]ally ensues4 ,nurs+1 9 cases :]e ! ord9>y ailm5ts are conc]n$1 is bett] ?an bli/]+ & fir+1 :i* are m spectacul> & to ! half-ignorant m popul>4 ,good laxative foods are gre5 grass1 gre5 :eat1 oats1 or b>ley1 c>rots1 p>snips1 bran ma%1 l9se$ tea1 hay tea1 & l9se$ oil4 ,a gallon ( gruel may be made f a p\nd ( meal put into cold wat]1 plac$ on ! fire & /irr$ till boil+1 & !n all[$ to simm] till ! wat] is ?ick4 ,a bran ma% %\ld be made 9 a clean bucket2 ?ree p\nds ( bran1 "o ounce ( salt1 two p9ts & a half ( boil+ wat]1 cov]$ & all[$ to /& tw5ty m9utes or s till x is cook$4 ,a ,bran & ,l9se$ ,ma%4--,boil "o p\nd ( l9se$ sl[ly = two h\rs or m1 add two p\nds ( bran1 "o ounce ( salt2 ! :ole to be /irr$ up & all[$ to /eam4 ,! ?ick] ! ma%1 ! bett]4 ,l9se$ ,tea4--,boil "o p\nd ( l9se$ 9 two gallons ( wat] until ! gra9s are s(t4 ,hay ,tea4--,fill a clean bucket ) clean hay1 !n p\r on z mu* boil+ wat] z ! bucket w hold1 !n cov] & all[ to /& till cool1 :5 ! liquid may be /ra9$ (f & us$4 ,l9se$ oil1 f a qu>t] to half a p9t daily may be mix$ ) ! o!r food1 keeps ! b[els & sk9 9 good condition2 b no artificial /imulant z food %\ld be us$ con/antly4 ,9 weak5+ diseases or l[ fev]1 or 9 cases ( sev]e exhau/ion1 a qu>t ( ale or port]1 or a p9t ( port or %]ry1 may be giv5 mix$ ) ! ma%4 ,oatmeal & ale are easy to c>ry1 & a palatable ma% c be made quickly ( ^! ) a little w>m wat] almo/ any:]e1 & no?+ w help out a tir$ horse m4 ,common cold is an inflammation ( ! muc\s membrane l9+ ! no/rils & air passages4 ,symptoms are loss ( appetite1 />+ coat1 t5d5cy to sweat easily1 & dis*>ge f ! no/rils4 ,treatm5t3 removal to loose box1 pl5ty ( fre% air1 well blanket$ if cold wea!r1 b&ages = ! legs1 laxative diet1 gre5 food1 w>m ma%es in/ead ( oats1 & pl5ty ( wat]4 ,if ! irritation & c\gh cont9ue & ! runn+ at ! nose is bad1 ! head may be /eam$ by hold+ x ov] a pail ( hot wat]4 ,if ! horse becomes & cont9ues fev]i%1 a dose ( "o to two drams ( nitrate ( pota% may be giv5 daily = two or ?ree days4 ,:]e ! cold is accompani$ by sore ?roat & difficulty ( swall[+1 give nitrate ( potassium1 "o dram to half a bucket ( wat] ?ree times a day4 ,a good l9im5t to use on ! ?roat & to be well rubb$ 9 is mu/>d & wat] rubb$ on & all[$ to rema9 half an h\r & !n wa%$ (f1 or two p>ts l9se$ oil1 "o "p turp5t9e1 & "o "p solution ( ammonia4 ,colic is caus$ by bad food1 *ange ( diet1 sudd5 exposure4 ,! horse gives evid5ce ( spasmodic pa91 turns 8 head t[>d 8 flank1 bites & kicks1 & ev5 rolls4 ,z an imm$iate rem$y1 give a p9t ( gruel ) two ounces _s ( nitr\s e!r1 "o ounce t9cture ( opium1 & half an ounce ( aromatic spirits ( ammonia4 ,!re %\ld be relief )9 ! h\r2 if n1 repeat ! dose1 & use oil & w>m wat] z an injection4 ,di>rha1 9 ! =m ( sc\r+1 may be a natural ef=t to get rid ( "s obnoxi\s sub/ance4 ,horses t are n well ribb$ up or ( a n]v\s temp]am5t are prone to x4 ,fe$ dry food aft] giv+ a laxative ( half a p9t ( raw l9se$ oil4 ,give an infusion ( g5tian1 "o ounce1 & "o to two ounces t9cture ( opium4 ,worms4--,sev]al k9ds ( worms are f\nd 9 ! horse's inte/9es1 b ! mo/ common is ! bony :ite worm tap]+ at bo? ends4 ,! horse loses condition 9 spite ( a voraci\s appetite4 ,aft] a fa/ ( twelve h\rs1 give a dose ( two ounces ( turp5t9e 9 a p9t ( l9se$ oil ) half an ounce ( t9cture ( opium4 ,injections ( a weak solution ( salt s]ve to cle> away ! small] worms t inhabit ! rectum4 ,*ange ( food & salt are good4 ,irregul> ,tee?4--,! mol>s sometimes gr[ into %>p edges4 ,! horse fe$s badly1 hogs on "o side ( 8 m\? 9 driv+1 & %[s sometimes signs ( inflammation 9 ! m\?4 ,! rem$y is ! simple "o ( hav+ ! tee? fil$ d[n smoo? & ev54 ,scrat*es4--,a v common condition ( ! sk9 9 ! holl[ ( ! heel1 sometimes call$ crack$ heels4 ,x is caus$ by exposure to wet1 cold1 & dirt ,! sk9 is inflam$ & dry & a wat]y dis*>ge exudes4 ,keep ! p>ts dry & clean1 wa% ) w>m wat] & ,ivory soap4 ,du/ ) p[d]$ alum ?ree times a day4 ,or apply a dress+ compos$ ( "o "p ( c>bolic acid to tw5ty ( oil or glyc]9e & keep !re ) a s(t b&age ar\nd ! pa/]n & heel4 ,w\nds & bruises1 :e!r ! sk9 is brok5 or n1 %\ld be c>efully ba!d 9 w>m wat]1 ?ree p>ts ( c>bolic acid to "o hundr$ ( wat]4 ,w>m l9se$ p\ltices may !n be appli$4 ,9 all s]i\s cases ( ?is k9d little m c be done ?an to relieve ! animal till ! vet]9>ian comes4 ,9 m9or casualties1 z cases ( spra9$ t5dons1 bruises1 & ! l1 a cool+ antiseptic wa% is3 f\r ounces ( wit*-hazel1 two ounces ( spirits ( camphor1 two ounces ( t9cture ( opium mix$ 9 an equal am\nt ( wat]4 ,spl9ts4--,probably eighty p] c5t ( horses h spl9ts & n ov] five p] c5t rema9 lame f !m4 ,a spl9t is an enl>gem5t or horny excresc5ce ( a "p ( ! %ank bone4 ,x is m common 9 "y ?an old horses4 ,spl9ts caus$ by /rik+ 9 action1 on ! contr>y1 are ample cause = judg+ a horse uns\nd4 ,:5 a spl9t beg9s =m+1 %ave (f ! hair ab\t x & rub 9 an o9tm5t ( b9iodide ( m]cury = ?ree days1 !n apply a /rong bli/]4 ,! be/ bli/] is compos$ ( "o ounce p[d]$ ,spani% flies1 "o ounce p[d]$ res91 f\r ounces ( l>d4 ,mix ! l>d & res91 & !n add ! ,spani% flies4 ,aft] bli/]+ a horse1 8 head mu/ be ti$ up = =ty-eight h\rs at lea/1 to prev5t 8 gett+ at ! irritat$ "p4 ,%oe boils are usually caus$ by ! pressure ( ! %oe :5 ! horse lies d[n4 ,! boil %\ld be op5$ & dra9$ & a ?ree p] c5t solution ( z9c sulphate inject$4 ,! horse mu/ !n we> a %oe-boil boot at night4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvi4--,,skeleton ,,( ,,! ,,horse ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvii4--,,int]nal ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,horse ,,skeleton ,,( ,,! ,,horse #a4 ,eye cavity #ba4 ,great tro*ant] #b4 ,face bones #bb4 ,?igh bone #c4 ,incisor tee? #bc4 ,is*ium #d4 ,mol> tee? #bd4 ,radius1 or =e>m bone #e4 ,l[] jaw #be4 ,c>pal1 or knee bones #f4 ,fir/ v]tebra ( neck #bf4 ,trapezium #g4 ,second v]tebra ( neck #bg4 ,cannon bones #h4 ,c]vical v]tebr #bh4 ,pa/]n bones #i4 ,sp9al processes ( back #bi4 ,sesamoid bone #aj4 ,dorsal & lumb> v]tebr #cj4 ,small pa/]n bone #aa4 ,sacrum #ca4 ,upp] end ( leg bone #ab4 ,tail bones #cb4 ,/ifle jo9t #ac4 ,%\ld] blade #cc4 ,leg bone1 or tibia #ad4 ,holl[ ( %\ld] blade #cd4 ,po9t ( hock #ae4 ,upp] end ( arm bone #ce4 ,hock jo9t #af4 ,arm bone1 or hum]us #cf4 ,head ( small metat>sal bone #ag4 ,elb[ bone #cg4 ,cannon ( metat>sal bone #ah4 ,ribs #ch4 ,c(f9 bone #ai4 ,haun* #ci4 ,fetlock #bj4 ,haun* bone #dj4 ,patella1 or /ifle #da4 ,fibula ,nail 9 ! ,foot4--,remove ! nail & p>e ! w\nd z ne> ! bottom z possible1 dis9fect ) a solution ( c>bolic acid1 "o 9 ?irty1 !n l9se$ p\ltice ! foot = two or ?ree days & let ! foot be %od ) oakum & a lea!r sole till heal$4 ,an old-fa%ion$ rem$y is to apply a piece ( salt pork1 fle% side 91 & b&age x on ! "p4 ,*af+1 ,coll>1 & ,saddle ,galls4--,prop]ly fitt+ h>ness & saddles is ! prev5tive4 ,a mild a/r+5t wa%1 say f\r ounces wit*-hazel1 two ounces spirits ( camphor1 two ounces t9cture ( opium1 w s]ve1 & ! "p to be )\t pressure or rubb+ till heal$4 ,= inflam$ legs or gall$ %\ld]s ano!r excell5t wa% is3 "o ounce ( sal ammoniac1 sev5 ounces ( v9eg>1 two ounces ( spirits ( w9e1 two drams ( t9cture ( arnica mix$ 9 half a p9t ( wat]4 ,brok5 knees %\ld be ?or\ghly cleans$ & dis9fect$ ) a solution ( c>bolic4 ,hot fom5tations are good1 & ! w\nd %\ld be dress$ ) burn$ alum or ) alum & boracic acid 9 equal p>ts dissolv$ 9 wat]4 ,lam9itis or ,foot ,f\nd]s4--,remove ! %oes1 place ! feet 9 hot wat] = an h\r1 p\ltice twice a day = f\r or five days4 ,z ! horse is )\t ex]cise1 give him a g5tle purgative1 half to a qu>t ( l9se$ oil1 two drams ( g+]1 "o dram nux vomica z a dr5*1 !n f\r ounces ( nitrate ( pota% & f\r drams g5tian1 kn[n z f\nd] p[d]1 daily4 ,*ills1 aft] viol5t ex]tion :5 ! horse is unfit = "w1 or f undue exposure4 ,clo! w>mly1 rub e>s & legs1 & give /imulants1 "o & "o-half ounce spirits ( nitr\s e!r1 "o-half ounce aromatic spirits ( ammonia to "o p9t ( wat]1 is a valuable rem$y 9 any case ( pro/ration4 ,/ra9$ or bruis$ t5dons1--fir/ hot fom5tations1 !n a cool+ lotion1 su* z v9eg> & wat]2 or two ounces wit*-hazel1 two ounces spirits ( camphor1 two ounces laudanum2 or f\r ounces acetate ( ammonia1 f\r ounces spirits ( w9e1 eight ounces wat]4 ,lam5ess _h be/ be left = diagnosis to ! exp]t1 unless ! lam5ess is ! result ( injury & ! seat ( ! tr\ble pla9ly visible4 ,fir+ & bli/]+ %\ld be a la/ resort4 ,d n expect too mu* ( ! vet]9>y2 except 9 simple cases _! task is (t5 a bl9d "o4 ,! be/ way to save tr\ble is to beg9 at ! beg9n+1 by /udy+ ! horse1 ! /able1 ! food1 & ! c>e ( ! horses y\rself2 & ?is elem5t>y k1 ) c>eful h&l+ :5 ! horses are 9 h>ness or "u saddle1 make ! be/ ball1 dr5*1 lotion1 or fom5tation kn[n4 ,x is n int5d$ 9 ?is *apt] to sugge/ m ?an c be und]/ood & c>ri$ out by an intellig5t man1 ) a few simple & non-dang]\s rem$ies4 ,rice-wat] gruel1 made ?ick1 is a soo?+ dr9k1 & useful 9 cont9u$ sc\r+ or di>rha4 ,alcohol is to be rubb$ into ! sk9 ( horses :o are apt to *afe easily "u h>ness or saddle4 ,x h>d5s ! sk94 ,v9eg> & wat] is a cool+ lotion4 ,fom5tation means ! cont9u$ application ( hot clo?s wrung out to ! injur$ "p4 ,purgative1 a popul> purgative is compos$ ( eight p>ts ( aloes1 two p>ts ( glyc]9e1 "o "p p[d]$ g+]1 well-mix$ & giv5 9 a dose ( f six to eight drams4 ,l9se$ oil is also a purgative & less irritat+ ?an aloes2 ! dose is f t5 to ?irty ounces4 ,/imulant1 "o ounce aromatic spirits ( ammonia1 "o ounce t9cture ( g5tian1 "o p9t ( wat]4 ,useful 9 all cases ( sev]e pro/ration4 ,tonics4--,! m9]al tonics _h be/ be left to ! vet]9>y4 ,a qu>t ( good ale w>m$ & two drams ( grat$ g+] is a simple cordial dr5*4 ,a safe vegetable tonic is two ounces ( t9cture ( g5tian 9 a p9t ( wat]4 ,a good tonic p[d] is3 two drams ( g5tian1 two drams ( g+]1 "o-half dram ( f5ugreek4 ,= acidity ( ! /oma*1 & to prev5t t5d5cy to colic1 a tablespoonful ( bic>bonate ( soda1 p[d]$ g5tian1 p[d]$ g+]1 mix$ 9 equal p>ts & spr9kl$ ov] ! fe$1 is h>mless & a valuable m9or tonic4 ,to cool a horse quickly & effectively1 da% wat] betwe5 ! =e legs1 betwe5 ! h9d legs1 ov] ! head1 & d[n ! back or sp9e4 ,an ov]heat$1 almo/ pro/rat$1 horse may (t5 be sav$ s]i\s if n fatal tr\ble 9 our hot climate by a ba? ( ?is k9d4 ,9 private /ables1 wat] is seldom us$1 except on ! feet1 to wa% out ! m\?1 eyes1 %ea?1 & anus1 & on ! legs ( :ite or gray horses4 ,b ?is %\ld n be tak5 z ! article ( a cre$4 ,a ba?1 or %ampoo1 all ov] does no horse h>m1 & all horses good1 9 our hot climate1 if precautions are tak5 to dry !m ?or\ghly & close ! pores if necess>y by a rub-d[n ) alcohol4 ,9 cases ( actual sun/roke1 s\se ! horse well1 all ov] ) wat]1 if possible f a hose1 & an easily prep>$ rem$y is3 an ounce ( aromatic spirits ( ammonia1 two ounces ( :iskey 9 half a p9t ( wat]--give ?is e h\r1 till ! horse is reliev$4 ,flexible collodion is a valuable rem$y 9 any /able4 ,9 case ( w\nds or cuts t d n ne$ sew+1 %ave ! hair ab\t ! cut1 cleanse c>efully1 & apply ! collodion ) a camel's-hair bru%2 ?is w keep ! edges toge!r1 & 9 m9or w\nds no o!r rem$y is necess>y4 ,iod(orm is "o ( ! v be/ antiseptics = ei!r man or bea/1 & may be du/$ on w\nds2 or two p>ts ( iod(orm & eight p>ts ( cosmol9e make an o9tm5t t may be a m conv5i5t way ( apply+ x4 ,! well-kn[n :ite lotion = bruises1 spra9s1 inflammation1 sore backs1 %\ld]s1 or any "p ( ! animal rubb$ by ! h>ness or saddle1 or by accid5t is3 "o ounce acetate ( lead1 "o ounce sulphate ( z9c mix$ 9 a qu>t ( wat]1 to be us$ z a lotion4 ,nitrate ( potassium is useful :5 y wi% to promote ! action ( ! sk9 & kidneys or to r$uce fev]4 ,x %\ld be giv5 dissolv$ 9 ! dr9k+-wat] 9 doses ( f two drams to an ounce ?ree times a day4 ,x is ! mo/ valuable rem$y kn[n 9 cases ( f\nd]1 & may be giv5 9 doses ( f two to ?ree ounces ?ree times a day1 & may be cont9u$ )\t dang] = two or ?ree days4 ,salicylic acid is ano!r rem$y1 equally good = man or bea/1 z an antiseptic to be du/$ ^u w\nds & indol5t sores1 pr\d fle%3 = rheumatism1 "o dram ( ! salicylic acid ) two drams ( bic>bonate ( soda1 giv5 twice a day1 is z good z any?+4 ,b :5 all is said & done on ?is subject1 x mu/ be repeat$ aga9 & aga9 t1 regul>ity z to "t1 & v>iety z to fodd] 9 fe$+1 pl5ty ( wat]1 regul> ex]cise1 peace & quiet dur+ re/ h\rs1 a dry /able1 ?or\gh groom+1 ! eye ( ! ma/]1 & ! int]e/ ( ! man 9 ! /able1--^! tak5 daily 9 l>ge doses make ! be/ prescription 9 ! _w = ! cont9u$ heal? & usefulness ( y\r horses4 ,,tables #a dram ounce teaspoonful #b drams ounce dess]tspoonful #c drams ounce "o teaspoonful & "o dess]tspoonful #d drams ounce two dess]tspoonfuls #h drams #a ounce f\r dess]tspoonfuls #b ounces w9eglassful #d ounces teacupful ,,doses ,,accord+ ,,to ,,age ,= a ye>l+ "o-?ird ( adult dose ,= a two-ye>-old "o-half ( adult dose ,= a ?ree-ye>-old two-?irds ( adult dose ,= a f\r-ye>-old ?ree-f\r?s ( adult dose ,= a five-ye>-old full dose1 or adult dose ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,%oe+ ,! %oe+ ( horses 0 n kn[n to ! e>lie/ us]s ( horses4 ,x is true ! ,romans us$ a sort ( lea!r sock1 ) an iron plate b5ea?1 & ! extravagant ,poppa1 ! wife ( ,n]o1 _h gold plates on h] favorite horses1 z wives ( simil> traditions to-day1 h silv] ba?-tubs & sat9 %eets4 ,:5 ! monum5t to ,*ild]ic1 ! fa!r ( ,clovis1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,fr5* mon>*y1 0 discov]$ 9 #afec1 a horse%oe 0 f\nd !re94 ,x 0 ! cu/om !n1 z at "o "t among our own ,indians1 to bury ! horse & 8 own] toge!r4 ,polydore ,v]gil writes1 ,hos quoque ,pele?ronios ,!ssaliae primos equorum ungulas munire f]reis soleis coepisse f]unt4 ,z we h relat$ 9 ano!r *apt]1 ,william ! ,conqu]or %od 8 horses4 ,! horse's foot is s app>5tly ! mo/ important "p ( him to 8 own]1 t e horse own] %\ld at lea/ "k ! elem5t>y fir/ pr9ciples ( ! =mation & %oe+ ( ! foot & %\ld always be> 9 m9d1 no foot no horse4 ,! foot is a s5sitive /ructure1 ) two bones & "p ( ! ?ird1 viz4 ! c(f9-bone1 navicul> or %uttle bone1 & ! l[] or small] pa/]n bone enclos$ 9 a horny case4 ,?is case is deepe/ 9 front :]e x is call$ ! toe1 & %all[] at ! sides :i* are call$ ! qu>t]s1 & n>r[e/ beh9d :]e x is call$ ! heel4 ,?is out] case is fibr\s1 ! fibres runn+ f above to bel[ z !y gr[ f :]e ! sk9 t]m9ates1 & consi/s ( ! out] case or wall & ! b>s1 :i* are ! cont9uation ( ! cru/ "u ! foot1 & betwe5 ! triangle ( :i* lies ! frog4 7,plate ,,xix47 ,! horse1 z a wild animal left to c>e = himself1 _h a beautiful cu%ion1 ! frog1 to run on1 protect$ by ! horny1 t\gh case & b>s1 :i* r5ew !mselves z d ! nails ( a man4 ,h>d roads1 heavy weights to c>ry & to pull1 & conf9em5t 9 /ables develop$ %oe+ z a necessity4 ,v few m5 own _! horses2 ! horses are g5]ally1 except = a legal "r :i* is a =mality1 ! prop]ty ( ! coa*m5 & ! blacksmi?4 ,!y dictate :51 & h[1 & h[ f> !y %all g1 & ! own] = lack ( a little /udy ( ! subject accepts _! say-s4 ,,ext]nal ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,horse #a4 ,lips #ag4 ,back #ce4 ,pa/]n #b4 ,nose #ah4 ,ribs #cf4 ,coronet #c4 ,face #ai4 ,gir? #cg4 ,foot #d4 ,=ehead #bj4 ,lo9s #ch4 ,fetlock #e4 ,eyebr[s #ba4 ,cr\p #ci4 ,haun* #f4 ,=elock #bb4 ,tail #dj4 ,?igh #g4 ,e>s #bc4 ,dock #da4 ,/ifle #h4 ,l[] jaw #bd4 ,flank #db4 ,buttock #i4 ,*eek #be4 ,belly #dc4 ,gask9 #aj4 ,no/ril #bf4 ,%ea? #dd4 ,hock #aa4 ,poll #bg4 ,te/icles #de4 ,*e/nut #aa;a4 ,?roat #bh4 ,%\ld] & arm #df4 ,%ank #ab4 ,p>otid gl& #bi4 ,elb[ #dg4 ,fetlock jo9t #ac4 ,neck #cj4 ,=e>m #dh4 ,fetlock #ac;a4 ,mane #ca4 ,*e/nut #di4 ,pa/]n #ad4 ,jugul> *annel #cb4 ,knee #ej4 ,coronet #ae4 ,*e/ #cc4 ,%ank #ea4 ,foot #af4 ,)]s #cd4 ,fetlock jo9t ,,foot ,,( ,,! ,,horse ,a a4 ,! c(f9 bone b4 ,! l[] or small] pa/]n bone c4 ,! upp] or l>g] pa/]n bone d4 ,! %ank bone e4 ,! sesamoid bone l4 ,! navicul>1 or %uttle bone m4 ,inn] frog1 s5sitive p4 ,seat ( lam5ess1 navicul> jo9t r4 ,coron>y r+ ,b a4 ,! coron>y r+ b4 ,horny l9+ ( cru/ d4 ,! b>s e4 ,inside ( horny frog f4 ,cleft ( ! frog g4 ,! frog h4 ,outside wall or cru/ ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xviii4--,,ext]nal ,,p>ts ,,( ,,! ,,horse ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xix4--,,foot ,,( ,,! ,,horse ,! feet ( a horse d n we> out1 z d 8 tee?1 = in/ance4 ,an old horse may h1 b>r+ accid5t1 j z good feet z a "y "o4 ,nature has provid$ amply = ! r5ewal ( ! frog & ! sole & ! cru/ ( ! horse's ho(4 ,b 9 ord] t ?is r5ewal %\ld n be int]f]$ )1 ! foot %\ld be kept clean1 moi/1 & well %od4 ,z ! foot is kept on h>d sub/ances 9 & out ( ! /able1 & n z nature int5d$ 9 contact ) ! moi/ gr\nd1 ?is moi/ure %\ld be suppli$ artificially by /opp+ ! feet once or twice a week4 ,if ! foot is n clean$ ea* "t ! horse comes 91 ! t5d] frog & sole become diseas$2 if ! frog & sole are n moi/5$1 b kept dry1 ! frog & sole crack1 *ip1 & fail to r5ew !mselves prop]ly2 if %oes too big or too small1 or %oes t d n fit ! cru/ & b>s are put on1 or if nails are put 9 c>elessly or pull$ out r\ghly1 ! foot contracts1 corns appe>1 & y h a lame1 an unnecess>ily lame1 horse on y\r h&s4 ,! =e feet are ne>ly circul> 9 a heal?y horse1 ! h9d feet m oval 9 =m4 ,x is no economy n to %oe horses at lea/ e ?ree or f\r weeks1 :e!r ! %oes are worn out or n2 = ! simple reason t ! %oes are nail$ to a sub/ance :i* is always gr[+1 & aft] t int]val ( "t ! %oe no long] fits ! foot4 ,! %oe %\ld be made & put on to fit ! foot1 & no blacksmi? %\ld be all[$ to rasp ! foot d[n to fit ! %oe4 ,! cru/ or wall ( ! foot is ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* wide 9 mo/ horses1 & ?is is ! prop] wid? = ! %oe1 & ! %oe to be flat t[>d ! foot4 ,if ! %oe is wid]1 z is (t5 ! case1--g ov] y\r horse's feet & see1--x leaves a little %elf = /ones & dirt1 & a horse go+ 9 wet1 heavy gr\nd may ev5 h 8 %oes pull$ :olly (f by suction4 ,! %oes %\ld be z wide z ?is cru/ to ! heels1 b :]e ! cru/ n>r[s at ! juncture ) ! b>s1 ! %oe %\ld n>r[ too4 ,= ! ord9>y horse = rid+ or driv+1 nei!r a rac] nor a hunt]1 a %oe may weigh f n9e to f\rte5 ounces4 ,x is to be rememb]$ 9 ?is connection1 t %oes gr[ rapidly light] z !y get ?9n] f we>4 ,?is %\ld be consid]$ 9 decid+ ^u ! weight ( a horse's %oes4 ,big "w horses are sometimes %od ) %oes weigh+ five1 six1 & sev5 p\nds4 ,z few nails z possible to make ! %oe secure is be/--five to sev5 is en\gh4 ,z ! inside ( ! cru/ ( ! ho( is always ?9n] & m ela/ic ?an ! outside on acc\nt ( ! great] weight x be>s1 contraction is g5]ally f\nd on ! inside2 use two nails inside & ?ree outside1 or ?ree inside & f\r outside1 if sev5 are necess>y4 ,! outside cru/ is ?ick] & /rong] ?an ! inside cru/ ( ! heel & af=ds m nailhold4 ,no matt] :at ! blacksmi? or ! coa*man--:o is (t5 only 8 e*o--says1 insi/ t ! b>s ( ! horse's feet %all on no acc\nt be cut away4 ,! wall ( ! ho( is n only mu* weak5$ by ?is op]ation1 b ! ho( mu/1 9 consequ5ce ( x1 contract t[>d ! heel4 ,! reason advanc$ = do+ ?is is t x all[s room = expansion1 :5 z a matt] ( fact1 ) ! b>s cut away1 !re is no?+ to keep ! foot op51 & !re foll[ contraction & corns4 ,corns mean lam5ess1 a timid way ( putt+ ! feet d[n1 & h5ce /umbl+1 & corns are v difficult to get rid (4 ,look at ! heal?y foot ( a horse & see = y\rself t ?is mu/ be s1 & !n h y\r horses %od z ?\gh !y really belong$ to y4 ,rememb] t mo/ blacksmi?s %oe ! horse to look well on ! outside4 ,x %\ld be y\r bus9ess to insi/ t he be s %od t ! ho( %all keep well on ! inside6 ,to discuss diff]5t /yles ( %oes1 que/ions ( balanc+ horses = spe$ or action1 w\ld require a treatise by itself4 ,x is fair to cond5se advice on ! subject by say+ t ! lighte/ & close/-fitt+ %oe t w suit ! "w & ! peculi>ities ( mov+ ( ! horse w be ! be/ = him4 ,d n all[ p>+ ( ! sole & frog2 h light %oes prop]ly fitt$2 use z few nails z possible2 make ! %oe to fit ! foot1 & p]mit no rasp+1 burn+1 & p>+ to fit ! foot to ! %oe2 d n all[ ! front ( ! ho( to be rasp$4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 9 ?is matt] ( %oe+ t !re are no muscles bel[ ! knee & ! hock1 & ! muscles us$ to move ! legs are high up4 ,:at weighs little at ! %\ld] or /ifle weighs v mu* m at ! end ( ! leg4 ,take a /ick ?ree feet long & put a p\nd-weight on x next y\r h&1 !n transf] ! p\nd-weight to ! end ( ! /ick next ! gr\nd1 & y see = y\rself ! diff]5ce4 ,or suppose 9 f5c+ y put a weight equal to ! h&le1 :]e ! button is1 & ! diff]5ce 9 us+ ! weapon is enorm\s4 ,a horse %od ) %oes unnecess>ily heavy is at j t disadvantage2 !re=e x is ( ! utmo/ importance bo? = 8 com=t & y\r safety t he %\ld be %od z lightly z is compatible ) ! "w requir$ ( him4 ,9 fitt+ ! %oe1 great c>e %\ld be tak5 t bo? sides ( ! ho( are ( ! same height4 ,if !y are n ( ! same height1 ! :ole foot is ?r[n out ( plumb2 ?is twi/s ! delicate jo9ts ( leg & pa/]n & leads to disease4 ,9 ! majority ( cases t ,i h notic$1 ! inside ( ! foot is left high] ?an ! outside4 ,! horse left )\t %oes does n suff] f corns1 ?ru%1 spe$y-cut1 s&-cracks1 quittor1 & ! l4 ,on ! contr>y1 he develops & keeps 9 condition a foot wond]fully well adapt$ to c>ry him & hold him4 ,he has a wond]ful cu%ion to run on & take ! j> (f1 enclos$ 9 a fibr\s case ( horn4 ,! c>e ( ! foot & ! %oe+ !re( %\ld leave z mu* to nature & z little to ! blacksmi? z possible4 ,artificial conditions make iron %oes necess>y1 b except = ! heavie/ k9d ( "w on ! r\ghe/ & h>de/ roads ! less %oe1 ! few] nails1 & ! less p>+ & rasp+ ( ! foot1 ! bett]4 ,! cavalry 9 ?is c\ntry d n %oe ! horses on ! h9d feet unless special s]vice requires x4 ,:]e a horse int]f]es or =ges1 c]ta9 *anges 9 8 %oe+ may help matt]s4 ,9 int]f]+1 unless x arises f bad mal=mation1 ! height ( ! %oe may be increas$ on ! inside1 or a ?ree-qu>t] %oe us$ on ! outside2 or1 if ?is fails1 ! exact opposite may be tri$4 ,! s-call$ ,*>li] %oe1 :i* fits into a bevell$ holl[ ar\nd ! cru/1 suits "s horses4 ,click+ or =g+ arises f ! /rik+ ( ! toe ( ! h9d %oe aga9/ ! "u edge ( ! toe ( ! =e %oe4 ,x results usually f ! quick] action ( ! h9d qu>t]s ?an ! =e qu>t]s4 ,a rem$y is to %ort5 ! toes ( ! h9d feet & level (f ! edges ( ! toe ( ! =e %oe4 ,%ort5+ ! toes ( ! =e feet enables ! horse to raise 8 =e feet m quickly & ?us to get !m away be=e ! h9d qu>t]s rea* 8 =e feet4 ,9 hilly c\ntry1 or :]e horses are ov]work$ or weak5$ by illness1 ?is ov]rea*+ is mo/ common1 & (t5 disappe>s :5 horses get accu/om$ to ! c\ntry1 or get /rong] & bett] able to lift1 & to c>ry _! feet prop]ly4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,h>ness ,! h>ness has two fundam5tal functions3 fir/1 to atta* ! horse to ! vehicle1 s t he may pull x2 second1 to enable ! coa*man to guide ! horse4 ,! elem5ts ( all h>ness1 !re=e1 are3 ! coll>1 hames1 & traces1 & ! bridle1 bit1 & re9s4 ,! pull+ "p--! coll>1 hames & traces--%\ld1 ( c\rse1 be fir/ ( all /rong & !n z light z w fulfil _! purpose2 ! guid+ "p--! bridle1 bit1 & re9s--%\ld fir/ ( all be light1 b /rong en\gh to hold ! horse4 ,:e!r y buy h>ness1 or use h>ness1 or wi% to be guid$ 9 exam9+ & keep+ 9 repair y\r own h>nesses1 ^! are ! und]ly+ pr9ciples ( ! :ole subject4 ,all que/ions ( =m or fads or p]sonal peculi>ity mu/ fir/ con=m to ^! pr9ciples1 o!rwise ! h>ness+ w be wrong4 ,f judg+ ! appo9tm5t classes at a horse %[ to ! buy+ ( a h>ness = y\r *ildr5's pony1 ^! fir/ pr9ciples ( :at a h>ness %\ld be apply rigidly4 ,unless !re is a rational basis to g ^u 9 all ^! matt]s1 =m & /yle & s on are m]e sill9ess4 ,z an example ( ?is1 !re is ! absurd dictum 9 ?is c\ntry t a lady %\ld sit on ! "r side ( h] own c>riage1 due1 ( c\rse1 to ! fact t 9 ,engl& vehicles pass to ! left1 :i* ( c\rse makes ! "r side ! prom95t side4 ,9 ?is c\ntry vehicles pass to ! "r1 :i* ( c\rse makes ! left side ! prom95t1 &1 = purposes ( see+ & be+ se51 ! m conv5i5t side4 ,?is is a v happy illu/ration ( vehicul> toadyism1 or ( s-call$ =m1 :i* is simian1 r ?an s5sible4 ,:]ev]1 !re=e1 9 ! matt] ( mann]s & appo9tm5ts on ! road1 f ! h>ness+1 furni%+1 & h&l+ ( a pony c>t to a drag1 y are met ) a /atem5t or giv5 advice t has no rational sanction1 be sure y are wrong & inve/igate fur!r4 ,a simil> "q to ! above is ! mu*-moot$ "o z to :e!r ! re9s1 p>ticul>ly 9 f\r-9-h& driv+1 %\ld be buckl$ or left unbuckl$4 ,:5 ! mail-coa*es 7 mak+ ! be/ "t possible f /age to /age or :5 ! amateur :ip 0 mak+ ! be/ "t possible 9 imitation !re(1 x 0 claim$ t a c]ta9 am\nt ( "t 0 sav$ at ! end ( ea* /age by do+ away ) ! unbuckl+ ( ! re9s4 ,true1 "t 0 sav$1 & ) pr(essional coa*m5 !re 0 ! m9imum ( dang] f dropp+ a re94 ,b n[adays1 9 driv+ a coa*1 ei!r on ! road or 9 ! p>k1 ! safety1 com=t1 & pleasure ( ! pass5g]s are fir/ ( all important1 & ! seconds sav$ 9 unbuckl+ re9s are ( no consequ5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xx4 #a4 ,bridoon4 #b4 ,d\ble-r+ snaffle4 #c4 ,half-*eek jo9t$ snaffle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxi4--,,bit ,,f\nd ,,on ,,! ,,acropolis4 ,,date #ejj ,b4,c4 ,! be/ road coa*man ,i "k 9 ?is c\ntry1 & a man :o probably nev] dropp$ a re9 9 8 life1 drives ) 8 re9s buckl$4 ,z to ! "q ( ! lead]s runn+ away1 :5 ( c\rse buckl$ re9s w\ld cat* 9 ! t]rets ( ! :eel horses' pads1--t is z ?\gh a man %\ld sleep e night 9 a rope h>ness = gett+ out ( w9d[s 9 case ( fire4 ,^! two que/ions are typical ( c]ta9 vapid discussions ( que/ions relat+ to h>ness & h>ness+1 & !y are also typical ( h[ ! /ud5t ( su* matt]s %\ld settle !m4 ,usage is ! law ( language1 s1 too1 usage %\ld n be de?ron$ 9 any dep>tm5t ( life )\t good reason2 b :5 usage becomes an empty =m1 & :5 a *ange makes = safety1 com=t1 & conv5i5ce1 !re %\ld be no hesitation ab\t mak+ x4 ,! e>lie/ =m ( vehicle & h>ness1 & ^u :i* all improvem5ts h be5 built up1 are ! ,indian pony ) two long poles atta*$ to 8 belly-b& & a ra:ide rope ar\nd 8 neck4 ,!re y h all ! elem5ts ( a h>ness1 b ) no com=t & no conv5i5ce1 & only ! mo/ prec>i\s safety4 ,9 ! fam\s picture1 ,attila at ,rome1 by ,raphael1 ! ,huns are rid+ )\t bit or bridle1 m]ely a rope or /rap ar\nd ! neck ( _! m\nts4 ,9 c]ta9 pictures ( ,roman *>iots !re is b "o re9 atta*$ to a snaffle-bit1 & ! horse 0 evid5tly guid$ by ! pressure ( ! re9 & ! :ip2 ?\gh x is to be rememb]$ t ! complicat$ turn+s ( mod]n traffic & mod]n roads 7 unkn[n1 & to keep /raight1 & to />t & /op1 7 ! ma9 ?+4 ,to beg9 at ! beg9n+ 9 a discussion ( mod]n h>ness 7,plate ,,xxii471 x is prop] to emphasize ! fact t ! v be/ lea!r is none too good1 :e!r 9 y\r traces or 9 y\r re9s4 ,! be/ lea!r is made ( ! hides ( heif]s or /e]s & tann$ ) oak b>k4 ,! total supply ( oak b>k 9 ,engl& is only ab\t ?ree hundr$ ?\s& tons a ye>1 :i* am\nt is q insuffici5t2 & mo/ ( ! ,engli% lea!r is tann$ by *eap] & quick] me?ods4 ,! old oak-tann+ process took eighte5 mon?s1 & made lea!r ( unequall$ quality4 ,to-day ! process h>dly consumes z _m weeks1 & 9 ,am]ica1 hemlock b>k is ! mo/ important mat]ial us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxii4--,,s+le ,,h>ness ,x is n easy1 except by long exp]i5ce1 to tell good lea!r at a glance4 ,"o au?ority says t good lea!r %\ld be solid1 b n h>d2 mell[1 b n s(t4 ,! black lea!r 9 a h>ness %\ld h a smoo? surface1 close texture1 & :5 b5t betwe5 ! h&s %\ld n %[ m9ute cracks4 ,! coll> is ! key/one ( ! pull+ "p ( ! h>ness4 ,x %\ld fit to a nicety1 e horse hav+ 8 own coll> z mu* z ! coa*man %\ld h 8 own boots4 ,! coll> %\ld be l9$ ) "s non-por\s mat]ial1 pref]ably s(t lea!r--ev5 ?9 pat5t lea!r is good & easily clean$4 ,if ! coll> is too wide1 x w rub ! %\ld]s2 if too %ort1 x w *oke ! horse2 if r\nd$ at ! top1 x w press on & gall ! )]s4 ,usually ! coll> t w g ov] a horse's head w fit z to wid?1 & is long en\gh :5 f\r f+]s1 held v]tically1 w g betwe5 ! coll> & neck1 :5 ! head is held 9 its usual position4 ,! sides ( ! upp] "p ( ! coll>1 z well z ! sides ov] ! %\ld]s1 %\ld be well fill$ out1 to prev5t ! rubb+ ( ! po9t ( ! coll> on ! )]s4 ,9 cases :]e ! horse has an unusual con=mation ( head & neck a coll> op5+ at ! top is a conv5i5ce--"o or two su* coll>s %\ld be kept 9 e /able4 ,coll>s may be ei!r /raight or curv$ back1 ! latt] v>iety %[+ (f ! horse's neck to advantage4 ,! hames mu/1 ( c\rse1 fit ! coll>2 & ! draught-eye 9 ! hames1 to :i* ! tug is atta*$1 %\ld be plac$ s t ! pull comes ^u ! muscles ( ! l[] "p ( ! %\ld]-blade1 or at a po9t :]e ?is l>ge bone is n>r[e/4 ,usually hame-r+s are plac$ too l[ by a full in* on ! hames :5 fitt$ to ! coll>4 ,?is is important1 z x puts ! draught :]e ! horse c mo/ easily apply mo/ p[] & leaves 8 %\ld]s z free z ?\gh ! coll> 7 n !re4 ,! incl9e ( ! trace f ! coll>1 s f> z appli$ me*anics are conc]n$1 matt]s little s long z x is n too high nor too l[2 b z a :eel meets ) friction & ob/ructions up & ov] :i* x mu/ be pull$1 x is an advantage to h ! trace decl9e f ! coll> to ! vehicle4 ,x is well to put ! coll> on "s m9utes be=e ! horse is to be us$ 9 x1 s t 8 neck & %\ld]s may be w>m$ = _! "w2 & x is absolutely ess5tial to s\nd sk9 on neck & %\ld]s t ! coll> %\ld be left on ! horse five or t5 m9utes aft] 8 return1 hot f "w4 ,pads or saddles %\ld fit z well z coll>s & %\ld be plac$ j back ( ! %\ld]s1 :]e ! muscles are no long] prom95t4 ,if horses 7 saddl$ tw5ty m9utes be=e !y 7 want$1 & only unsaddl$--gir?s ( c\rse be+ loos5$--tw5ty m9utes aft] _! return to ! /able1 ^! precautions1 & a lib]al use ( alcohol rubb$ into ! sk91 w\ld less5 mat]ially ! numb] ( sore backs4 ,a ,dut* coll>1 or brea/plate1 is sometimes us$ 9 light h>ness in/ead ( a neck coll>4 ,9 ! case ( a horse ) sore %\ld]s ?is is a conv5i5ce1 or a horse ) graceful neck & %\ld]s 9 ! lead ( a t&em %[s (f bett] ) su* a coll>4 ,b = draught x is n z good z ! neck coll>4 ,to ! hames on ! coll> is fa/5$ ! tug1 to ! tug ! trace1 :i* at its o!r end is fa/5$ f9ally to ! vehicle4 ,( ! l5g? ( tugs & traces x is to be said t !y %\ld be ( su* l5g? t ! back-b& lies on ! middle (1 n 9 front or beh9d1 ! pad1 :5 ! horse is pull+4 ,! reason = ?is is t o!rwise ! horse w be pull+ ! vehicle1 n by ! trace1 b by ! back-b&4 ,_m illu/rations ( ?is awkw>dness may be se5 :]ev] y see horses 9 h>ness4 ,( ! p>ticul> fa/5+s ( tugs to hames1 & ( traces to vehicles1--^! mu/ dep5d ^u ! type ( vehicle1 & _h be/ be left to ! *oice ( ! te*nically exp]i5c$4 ,b x is e own]'s bus9ess to see to x t ^! draught portions ( ! h>ness are /rong & ( ! prop] l5g?4 ,9 ! case ( traces 9 a coa* h>ness1 ! inside trace %\ld be ab\t half a hole %ort] ?an ! outside trace to make ! draught ev51 & ! conv5i5t way to d ?is is to wrap ! inside roll]-bolt ) lea!r1 ?us tak+ up m ( ! trace on t side1 & sav+ ! weak5+ ( ! trace by pun*+ an extra hole 9 ! tug end ( x4 ,good1 /rong1 pliable re9s1 p>ticul>ly ( ! l5g?1 #bc feet #f in*es1 requir$ = ! lead-re9s ( a coa*1 are h>d to get1 b m]it all ! "t & money sp5t 9 gett+ !m4 ,( ! size1 viz4 ! wid?1 ( ! re9s1 "o writ] says3 ,m$io tutissimus ibis1 :i* back-(-!-diction>y ,lat9 w\ld apply equally well to a man's gloves or coll>s4 ,if y h %ort f+]s1 ! re9s %\ld be1 say1 ?ree-qu>t]s or sev5-eigh?s ( an in* wide2 if long f+]s1 "o in* wide or ev5 a little m4 ,a man ) %ort f+]s w\ld be hamp]$1 & 8 "w 9 f+]+ f\r re9s w\ld be cramp$1 ) wide re9s4 ,a horse's bridle %\ld fit him nicely & ) no loose ends hang+ or /ick+ ab\t 8 head4 ,no?+ looks m slov5ly ?an trace po9ts or back-b& po9ts or bridle billet ends /ick+ out (1 & beyond _! loops4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxiii4 ,! horse's eyes %\ld come 9 ! middle ( ! w9k]s1 & ! head/all %\ld be s fitt$ z to keep !m !re4 ,! w9k]s %\ld n bulge out nor turn 91 & ?us almo/ t\* ! eye4 ,above all1 !y %\ld n1 z is (t5 ! case1 drop s t ! horse c see ov]1 & beh9d !m4 ,_m horses "u ^! circum/ances w pay s mu* att5tion to ! man & ! :ip1 & p]haps ! p>asol1 beh9d !m1 t !y w see no?+ else4 ,! ?roat-lat* %\ld be loose en\gh to all[ ?ree f+]s betwe5 x & ! ?roat4 ,x is int5d$ to keep ! :ole bridle 9 place1 b n to *oke ! horse4 ,! nose-b& is a survival4 ,x 0 int5d$ to keep ! jaws ( ! horse toge!r s t he c\ld n relieve himself f ! bit by op5+ 8 m\?4 ,9 ! case ( a bit ) a high port x is /ill useful = t purpose2 b ev5 :5 us$ m]ely because x came z "p ( ! h>ness1 x %\ld fit & n be a flopp+ r+ ( lea!r ar\nd ! horse's nose4 ,a nose-b& prop]ly adju/$ %\ld h ! wid? ( two f+]s betwe5 x & ! horse's jaws & %\ld fit snugly & n too f> up ov] 8 nose4 ,! br[-b& %\ld s fit t x does n rub ! e>s4 ,:5 ! bridle is hung up z "o piece1 see t x is n hung on a hook1 s t "o side or ! o!r is pull$ out ( %ape1 b on a prop] bridle-rack4 ,( bits1 z ( books1 !re is no end4 ,x5ophon advises a flexible bit cov]$ ) lea!r4 ,no matt] :at ! k9d ( bit1 x mu/ always be flexible1 he ma9ta9s 7,plate ,,xxi474 ,william ,cav5di%1 ,duke ( ,newca/le1 9 probably ! mo/ sumptu\s book on ! horse ev] publi%$1 writ+ 9 #afeg1 says1 ,b above all1 ?is rule is *iefly to be obs]v$1 to put z little iron 9 y\r horse's m\? z possibly y c4 ,) bits z ) %oes1 ! less & ! light]1 ! bett]1 s long z !y be /rong en\gh to hold y\r horse4 ,! pla9 snaffle1 r+ snaffle1 d\ble r+ snaffle1 ,liv]pool bit1 ,elb[ bit1 ,buxton bit1 ,swales's pat5t1 & 7,plates ,,xxiii4 & ,,xxiv47 innum]able modifications ( ^!1 (f] opportunity to %ift responsibility f y\r own h&s to ! t5d] b>s ( ! horse's m\?4 ,outside ( "h & !re a horse :o1 on acc\nt ( bad e>ly tra9+ or f ill-usage or f fracture1 x is impossible to bit s t he w g com=tably1 ! matt] ( bits & bitt+ is a matt] ( pati5ce & exp]im5t4 ,bits are (t5 b\ght z ?\gh any size ( bit w\ld d = any size ( horse4 ,b a bit too l>ge is z injuri\s z a bit too small4 ,! m\?piece %\ld be exactly ! wid? ( ! m\?1 & if y h n a bit t fits exactly1 x is a simple matt] to ins]t ar\nd ! m\?piece & inside ! bran* ( ! bit1 a disk ( lea!r ( ! ?ickness requir$ to make y\r bit fit snugly 7,plates ,,xxv4 & ,,xxvi474 ,?is fitt+ ( ! bit alone makes a great diff]5ce to ! com=t ( ! horse1 z may be se5 by look+ closely at ! way 9 :i* a bit ) ! m\?piece too long works 9 ! horse's m\?1 :5 atta*$ to two long re9s & pull$ ?is way & t4 ,! bit %\ld be plac$ nei!r too high nor too l[ 9 ! m\?1 b ab\t an in* above ! tusk4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxiv4--,,swales ,,pat5t ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxv4--,,bru% ,,burr ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxvi4--,,pla9 ,,burr ,! curb-*a9 %\ld all[ ( two f+]s betwe5 x & ! horse's jaw4 ,?is curb-*a9 is a "p ( ! lev] :i* works by ! bit1 ?r\gh ! re9s1 on ! m\?1 & %\ld be h&l$ ) discrim9ation & sob]ly4 ,! curb-*a9 may be made m sev]e1 ei!r by tight5+ x1 or by turn+ ! *a9 itself s t x w be ) r\gh edges aga9/ ! horse's jaw4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ?is is m ?an a tempor>y solution ( pull+4 ,its f9al effect is to dead5 ! horse's m\?4 ,:5 y are tempt$ to tight5 y\r curb-*a91 tight5 y\r nose-b& & loos5 y\r curb-*a9 in/ead2 or lift ! bit by a hole 9 ! horse's m\? or l[] x2 or buckle y\r re9s 9 ! *eek in/ead ( ! b>1 middle b>1 or l[] b>2 or if !re seems to be tr\ble on "o side ( ! horse's m\? & n on ! o!r1--if on ! ne> side1 put ! (f re9 into ! middle b>1 leav+ ! ne> re9 9 ! *eek1 or vice v]sa2 or look to see if y\r horse has 8 tongue ov] ! bit2 or if he is incl9$ to loll ) 8 tongue1 tie 8 tongue d[n ) s(t /r+2 or loos5 or tight5 ! be>+-re92--9 %ort1 use e means 9 y\r p[] to make ! horse com=table be=e y resort to h>% measures--:i* la/1 by ! way1 are almo/ nev] p]man5tly successful4 ,above all ?+s1 don't lose y\r temp]1 & make matt]s absolutely impossible ( rem$y by do+ j :at ! horse is do+--pull+6 ,! horse may be m]ely n]v\s1 or ignorant ( :at ! bit means1 or really suff]+2 & y h m intellig5ce ?an he has--! comp>ative weights ( y\r bra9s & sp9al cords prove x--& t be+ true1 y %\ld illu/rate ?is physiological law by manag+ him1 r ?an to p]mit him to manage y4 ,b1 y reply1 :at if y h tri$ ev]y?+1 & he /ill cont9ues to pull y\r arms out & endang] ! lives ( y\rself & o!rs8 ,!n get out ( a bad fix z be/ y c4 ,telegraph him t y decl9e ! nom9ation z c&idate unless he re=ms1 & get him back to ,nebraska z spe$ily & ) z little dang] z possible4 ,any?+ t c be done to fre%5 or to keep fre% ! animal's m\?1 & to give him some?+ r to play )1 ?an to pull aga9/1 is important4 ,h5ce ! reason = *ang+ ! position ( ! bit1 = movable m\?pieces1 or = any o!r device to keep ! horse f tak+ ! bit too s]i\sly4 ,!re are innum]able exp]im5ts to be tri$ be=e a horse is to be set d[n z a pull]4 ,(t5 :5 a horse f9ds he is n to be hurt1 he goes well en\gh4 ,take out ! heavy bit1 & drive him 9 a snaffle4 ,cov] 8 bit ) rubb]1 or sew salt pork on 8 bit2 or give him a bit t works up & d[n1 or *ange f ! /raight bit to "o ) a slight port1 s t x does n re/ on 8 tongue1 or g to y\r h>ness mak] & h a ,liv]pool made ) a jo9t$ m\?piece1--:y n8 ,:at y want is some?+ n unsightly to drive y\r horse 91 &1 z we h said be=e1 ?\gh =m & correctness are absolutely ess5tial to p]sons & ?+s )\t cont5t1 !y are to be set aside always :5 !re is a rational sanction = do+ s4 ,dress p>ade at qu>t]s if y please & )\t a speck or a spot or a /ir ( a muscle2 b und]%irts & b>e feet = coal+ %ip & go+ into action4 ,! man :o is ov]aw$ by twaddle ab\t =m 9 ! treatm5t ( a live animal1 :e!r man or bea/1 mu/ h cur blood 9 him f "s s\rce1 & is n a prop] p]son to be put 9 au?ority ov] ei!r4 ,!re are _m ?+s ab\t ! h>ness :i* annoy ! horse & make him re/ive & uncom=table to drive4 ,8 br[-b& may be *af+ 8 e>s2 8 w9k]s may be flapp+ or pu%+ aga9/ 8 eyes2 8 pad or saddle may n fit1 & be rubb+ 8 backbone2 ! crupp] may be too %ort1 cat*+ him h>d "u ! tail or pull+ ! saddle backw>d2 ! traces may be too long or too %ort1 hamp]+ him 9 8 "w2 8 %oes may h be5 on too long & become too small = 8 ev] gr[+ ho(2 ! be>+-re9 may be too tight2 ! bit too wide1 or h>d on 8 tongue1 or press+ aga9/ inflam$ tissue caus$ by ragg$ tee? :i* ought to h be5 fil$ d[n4 ,all ^! matt]s1 x ought to be ! pride1 z x is ! duty1 ( a coa*man to look out =4 ,x is = ?is reason1 if = no o!r1 t ! own] ( a horse or horses %\ld "k ! elem5ts at lea/ ( ! hi/ory1 h\s+1 h>ness+1 & h&l+ ( ! horse4 ,ignorance n only means discom=t & dang]1 b x means cruelty z well4 ,a m>t+ale is int5d$ to prev5t ! horse f ?r[+ up 8 head4 ,x is loop$ ?r\gh a buckle & atta*$ to ! belly-b& at "o end2 ! o!r end is a split /rap ) r+s ?r\gh :i* ! re9s pass1 or x may be fa/5$ to ! bit itself1 or to ! nose-b& if ! horse is refractory or fussy ab\t 8 m\?4 ,! "q ( be>+-re9s is n a "q ( be>+-re9s or no be>+-re9s1 b a "q ( ! use & misuse ( be>+-re9s4 ,no horse or pony ( _s %\ld be driv5 by a woman or a *ild )\t a be>+-re94 ,x prev5ts ! animal rubb+ 8 head aga9/ %aft or pole1 & cat*+ & p]haps pull+ 8 bridle (f2 x prev5ts him f gett+ 8 head d[n betwe5 8 legs & becom+ unholdable2 & x makes kick+ m difficult4 ,a halt] is en\gh = ,dobb9 :5 ,dobb9 goes 8 sleepy way1 b !re is no kn[+ :at day 9 t5 ye>s ,dobb9 gets well1 & devil a sa9t is he6 ,! be>+-re91 prop]ly adju/$1 does n inconv5i5ce ! horse 9 ! slighte/ & is a valuable safegu>d 9 "t ( ne$4 ,= a bor+ or heavy-head$ or gross-neck$ horse1 ! be>+-re9 takes weight (f ! coa*man's h&s & helps r ?an imp$es ! horse4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! be>+-re91 l a c]ta9 fem99e piece ( h>ness1 may be us$ = purposes ( fa%ionable di/ortion4 ,! horse's head is twi/$ up high 9 ! air to make him lift 8 legs & to give him a l(ty & pr\d appe>ance4 ,?is use ( ! be>+-re9 is inde$ an abom9ation4 ,! gag be>+-re9 is a re9 pass+ f a po9t ( ! head/all on ea* side1 ?r\gh a swivel atta*$ to ! snaffle1 !nce ?r\gh ano!r r+1 & fa/5$ on to ! hook ( ! pad or saddle4 ,! sides ( ! horse's m\? are drawn up1 & ) a tight crupp] to boot1 ! horse looks z ?\gh he 7 ti$ toge!r at ! tee? & ! tail4 ,"o sees little ( ?is n[adays4 ,only ! v newe/ doll>s1 daub$ ) unusual ignorance1 p]mit ?is turkey-cock /yle ( h>ness+4 ,! crupp]1 pass+ f ! pad or saddle & end+ 9 a padd$ loop "u ! tail1 holds ! saddle f slipp+ =w>d :5 ! h>ness is )\t bree*+1 & also1 z a horse always tucks 8 tail into 8 qu>t]s :5 ab\t to kick1 prev5ts kick+ to "s ext5t4 ,! crupp] %\ld be /uff$ ) l9se$ to keep x moi/1 & to prev5t its h>d5+ & becom+ a worry to ! horse4 ,9 ^! days1 :5 ev5 light c>riages h brakes1 bree*+ is seldom us$ except ) /ate or v dressy h>ness4 ,9 a hilly c\ntry or ) two-:eel$ traps1 p>ticul>ly ^? driv5 by wom5 or *ildr51 x %\ld be a "p ( ! h>ness4 ,9 su* cases1 safety r ?an appe>ance or lightness is ! ess5tial ?+4 ,! bree*+ %\ld hang ab\t twelve in*es bel[ ! upp] "p ( ! dock1 & h f\r to six in*es' play :5 ! horse is 9 8 coll>4 ,! kick+-/rap 9 a s+le h>ness is fa/5$ on "o %aft & passes up & ov] ! horse's qu>t]s ?r\gh a loop 9 ! crupp] & d[n on ! o!r side to ! o!r %aft4 ,9 d\ble h>ness two /raps are ne$$4 ,!y are fa/5$ to ! pad & run alongside ! crupp] to ! spl9t]-b> & are connect$ by a /rap across ! qu>t]s4 ,no advice is necess>y "h4 ,:5 a kick+-/rap is ne$$1 ! necessity is obvi\s4 ,pa9s %\ld be tak51 h[ev]1 to h ! kick+-/rap well back on ! qu>t]s1 o!rwise x is valueless1 & also to h x loose en\gh n to be ! cause itself ( kick+4 ,?\gh ! :ip is n "p ( ! h>ness1 x is an important adjunct4 ,! be/ /ocks are made ( holly or ( our own :ite hickory4 ,! /ock %\ld be five feet long1 & ! ?ong1 = f\r horses1 t5 feet six in*es--= "o or two1 f\r feet long4 ,! balance ( ! :ip to "o :o drives mu* is z important z ! suitable balance ( a fi%+-rod1 golf-club1 or rapi]4 ,if badly balanc$1 x adds a surpris+ burd5 ( weight on ! h&1 to "o :o has n exp]i5c$ x4 ,a good mak]'s :ip w balance at its be/1 at ! coll>2 t is to say1 :5 grasp$ at ! coll> x is c>ri$ ) ! weight mo/ ev5ly di/ribut$ = its hold]4 ,! ?ong %\ld be kept pliable ) mutton tall[ or soap1--cr[n soap is ! be/1--& nev] pipe-clay$1 :i* rots ! ?ong4 ,x %\ld nev] be left /&+1 b1 9 ord] to keep its %ape1 x %\ld hang1 :5 n 9 use1 on a spool4 ,ev5 heavy poles w w>p1 if n prop]ly c>$ =1 by keep+ !m l5g?wise on prop] re/s2 mu* m true is ?is ( ! f> light] & m delicate :iph&les4 ,! l>ge or butt end ( a good /ock w be n9e-t5?s ( an in* r\nd1 ! small end six-t5?s4 ,= a heavy :ip ! h&le %\ld be cov]$ ) pigsk91 & sewn d[n its l5g?1 or1 ev5 bett]1 w\nd 9 a spiral1 ea* fold ov]lapp+1 :i* makes ! h&le less slipp]y 9 wet wea!r2 ! *ief value ( pigsk9 "h & else:]e 9 saddl]y & h>ness-mak+ is t x is n made r\gh by friction4 ,imitation pigsk9 is made 9 quantity4 ,9 g5u9e pigsk91 ! bri/les rea* cle> ?r\gh ! sk91 s t !re are holes on ! fle% side4 ,9 ! imitations ! holes only rea* "p way ?r\gh4 ,! ?ong on e :ip %\ld be ( ! same mat]ial ?r\gh\t1 & n t]m9ate 9 :ipcord1 or silk1 or ribbons1 or any o!r fussy mat]ial4 ,! :ip is = use--important use--to a good coa*man1 & %\ld be made accord+ly4 ,( ! c>e ( h>ness1 x w\ld be difficult to say too mu*4 ,! :ole pleasure & safety ( driv+ dep5d practically ^u ! wat* t is kept to see t x is safe & /rong4 ,:5 !re is "q ab\t we>1 x is bett] to replace ! worn "p at once4 ,bett] ?r[ an old h>ness aside1 ?an run ! risk ( its be+ us$ by leav+ x 9 ! /able4 ,x may be put on 9 muddy wea!r1 or ?r\gh c>elessness1 & disa/] foll[s4 ,z long z lea!r rema9s dry & clean1 x ne$s little att5tion4 ,once x is wet1 x %\ld be c>efully clean$ & well rubb$ ) oil4 ,neat's-foot oil is ! be/4 ,vegetable oils1 ) ! s+le exception ( ca/or-oil1 :i* is disagreeable by reason ( its odor1 are apt to become h>d4 ,all brass or plate on h>ness t>ni%es easily1 & %\ld be kept f ! ammonia ( ! /able & f ! fumes ( gas1 if x is burn$2 z well z f gas f ! /ove4 ,a good mixture = black h>ness is "o p9t spirits ( turp5t9e1 f\r ounces ( beeswax1 "o ounce prussian blue1 half an ounce lampblack2 aft] ! application1 pl5ty ( h& poli%+4 ,x w\ld seem almo/ unnecess>y to w>n aga9/ soak+ any "p ( lea!r h>ness 9 wat]1 if ! writ] _h n se5 on m ?an "o occasion p>ts ( h>ness lit]ally left to soak 9 ! wat]-bucket6 ,9 ! case ( ! p>ts ( ! h>ness made ( pat5t lea!r1 no wax prep>ation %\ld be us$2 vasel9e & a s(t rag w d ! clean+ suffici5tly well4 ,:at has be5 said ( ! c>e ( h>ness is equally1 & = ! same reason1 ( safety1 true ( ! c>riages 9 y\r /able4 ,all c>riages pr(it by an air+ occasionally4 ,if !y are n (t5 us$1 !y %\ld be run out & left = an h\r or two 9 a dry1 w>m place4 ,c>riages newly pa9t$ & v>ni%$ %\ld be wa%$ sev]al times be=e !y are us$4 ,?is sets & h>d5s pa9t & v>ni%4 ,c>riages %\ld n be m]ely du/$ or wip$ ov]1 b wa%$ :5 !y come 91 & ?or\ghly dri$--a s(t sponge on f9e c>riages1 a hose on r\gh] vehicles1 & a s(t *amois to dry bo?1 & pati5ce--nev] hot wat] & nev] pick+ (f ( dri$ mud1 le/ pa9t & v>ni% come ) x4 ,c>riages ) pla9 axles %\ld h ! axles se5 to aft] e out+4 ,m5 :o d mu* driv+ ( heavy vehicles ) ,coll+e or ,mail axles1 unless !y h compet5t s]vants or are compet5t !mselves1 f9d x saf] & bett] to h ! c>riage build] look aft] _! axles at regul> int]vals4 ,coll+e axles w g f "o to two mon?s2 ,mail axles a week )\t oil+1 on a private coa*4 ,on public coa*es x is ! cu/om to exam9e ! axles ea* day4 ,wa%+ & c>+ = c>riages is n a difficult matt]1 except t ! human qualities ( pati5ce & pa9/ak+ are m difficult to f9d ev5 ?an me*anical ability4 ,"t %\ld be tak5 on ! wa%-/&1 if n[h]e else4 ,( ! c>e ( ! cu%ions & /uff$ p>ts ( c>riages1 & ! metal p>ts1 common s5se1 & ! well-kn[n comm]cial pa/es sold by all h>ness & c>riage mak]s1 w fit a man out to d 8 duty4 ,) /yles ( c>riages & appropriate vehicles = exhibit+ & ! l1 ?is book does n deal4 ,! mo/ sci5tific treatise on ! subject ( ! coa* & c>riage is ,a ,manual ( ,coa*+1 by ,fairman ,rog]s4 ,! au?or 0 ( high atta9m5ts z an eng9e]1 & ( great practical exp]i5ce z a coa*man4 ,a valuable book ( ref]5ce1 ) complete & v good illu/rations cov]+ ! gr\nd ( appropriat5ess & good =m1 is ,driv+ = ,pleasure1 by ,francis ,t4 ,und]hill4 ,a v useful compilation1 v complete & cle> z to all details ( ! /able is1 ,! ,private ,/able1 by ,james ,a4 ,g>l&4 ,all p>ts ( /eel1 bits1 curb-*a9s1 pole-*a9s1 kidney-l9ks1 & ! l1 aft] wa%+1 may be put into lime-wat]--dissolv+ z mu* common lime z ! wat] w take2 ?is does /eel no h>m & keeps (f ru/4 ,to poli% ^! p>ts1 !y %\ld be %ak5 9 a bag ) f9e sawdu/ & s&4 ,s& & em]y pap] scrat*1 & d n burni% satisfactorily2 a /eel burni%] is ! only way 9 :i* ! orig9al poli% c be rega9$ or reta9$4 ,t h>ness %\ld be appropriate to ! horse1 ! vehicle1 & ! use to :i* x is to be put1 goes )\t say+4 ,! pony-c>t1 ! runab\t1 ! drag1 ! m9iature ,victoria1 ! /ation wagon1 ne$ h>ness to suit !m4 ,b ?is by no means entails diff]5t h>ness = e vehicle4 ,on ! contr>y1 a few *anges1 & a pair ( lead]s' re9s1 bo? = f\r & t&em1 w fit y out = almo/ any k9d ( driv+4 ,coll>s1 bits1 saddles1 %\ld fit _! we>]s2 & ( ^!1 if !re are _m horsem5 & horsewom5 9 ! family1 y mu/ h an adequate supply4 ,b ! light pony-pair h>ness ) long re9s1 & ! heavi] h>ness if a l>g] pair fitt$ ) removable t]rets1 gives y a f\r-9-h& h>ness4 ,a simil> arrangem5t ) two s+le h>nesses w give y a t&em h>ness2 & x is well to rememb] t ! great] v>iety ( driv+ y h1 ! m confid5ce y w ga9 & ! bett] y w drive4 ,x is h>d on ! m5 9 ! /able to h too little h>ness1 & x is a burd5 to h a lot ( h>ness t is nev] us$4 ,lea!r up to a c]ta9 age improves ) use & det]iorates :5 left to hang & become dry1 s t x is almo/ z necess>y n to h too mu* h>ness z to h en\gh4 ,let x be repeat$ t any "q ( worn p>ts ( a h>ness %\ld be inve/igat$ & att5d$ to at once4 ,?is is n m]ely economy2 x is gross extravagance n to d s1 & a p]il besides4 ,:5 m5 wore close armor & a beav] d[n1 !y c\ld only be di/+ui%$ by emblems on _! %ields or h>ness4 ,:5 read+ 0 an almo/ unkn[n accompli%m5t1 x 0 necess>y t m5 %\ld h ov] _! t5ts 9 ! field1 or ov] _! gates or doors at home1 signs & symbols t c\ld be easily se5 & di/+ui%$4 ,h5ce arms & h]aldry4 ,! m conspicu\s ! man or ! family1 ! m necess>y t he & !y %\ld be easily recognizable4 ,h5ce ! inns ( ! local village1 ! s]vants1 ! c>riages1 & ! l 7 di/+ui%$ by a p>ticul> badge4 ,! reason = ?is has pass$4 ,! ov]p[]+ in/9ct 9 man to prolong 8 exi/5ce1 by hav+ be51 by be+1 & by affirm+ t he w be1 z %[n 9 g5ealogy1 9 ambition to be well kn[n1 & 9 ! belief 9 immortality1 is ! explanation ( h]aldry4 ,t ! army1 navy1 or diplomatic (fic] %\ld put a cockade 9 8 s]vants' hats1 is !re=e n difficult to und]/&4 ,t almo/ e man %\ld wi% to make ! be/ ( 8 ance/ry1--to cut out ! tailors1 & hatt]s1 & t9smi?s1 & tann]s1 & make prom95t ! wor?ies1--is also n difficult to und]/&4 ,to ! ,am]ican1 h[ev]1 ! conspicu\s use ( insignia ( ?is k9d1 unless ! au!nticity !re( be v]ifiable by pro(s unque/ionable1 is r *ildi%4 ,!re is no d\bt :atev] b t we all h a /ra9 ( ! "r to be> arms blood2 !re is also no d\bt t we h all m or less liv$ ?r\gh days ( small & tradesman-l ?+s 9 ?is c\ntry1 & p]haps y\r own initials on y\r h>ness are ! safe/ badge4 ,if y are a g5tleman1 x w probably %[ itself mo/ conspicu\sly by ! fact t y nev] rem9d o!rs ( x & nev] =get x y\rself4 ,if ei!r te*nically or morally y are n a g5tleman1 no sign & motto w make y "o4 ,inde$1 "s badges on h>ness only s]ve to make conspicu\s ! fact t ! horses are bett] br$ ?an ! own]s4 ,?is is a comp>ison t %\ld be avoid$4 ,x is n fair to ! horses4 ,la/ly1 9 writ+ ( h>ness1 x is prop] to rem9d ! horse own] t 8 h>ness l 8 horse improves by use & prop] c>e aft] use4 ,!re=e avoid hav+ too mu* h>ness4 ,unless y are a con/ant exhibitor 9 ! %[ r+1 y c adapt y\r h>nesses1 if !y are all made 9 ! same g5]al patt]n z to pads1 bl9k]s1 t]rets1 br[-b&s1 & ! l1 to _m uses4 ,a runab\t h>ness ( heavy make1 ) "p ( a d\ble h>ness = y\r lead] & a pair ( long re9s & a pair ( traces & t]rets t screw 9 & c be tak5 (f1 fit y out ) a t&em h>ness4 ,"o heavy & "o light set ( d\ble h>ness ) simil> arrangem5ts z to re9s & t]rets w fit y out ) a f\r-9-h& h>ness2 & if y /ick to ab\t ! same type ( horse1 ) y\r saddl]s 9 ! lead & y\r h>ness horses 9 ! :eel1 y may h all ! v>ieties ( driv+ )\t undue exp5se & )\t an ov]-accumulation ( h>ness4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,! ,,am]ican ,,horse ,by f> ! mo/ int]e/+ type ( horse to ! ,am]ican is ! ,am]ican trott+-horse1 n only = ! reason t he is ( our own developm5t1 b because 9 "o way or ano!r he does duty = our h>ness horse1 9 practically e capacity except z a draught animal4 ,he is kn[n to horsem5 ! _w ov] z ! mo/ docile & mo/ v]satile ( horses4 ,he has be5 develop$ & tra9$ to g a mile 9 two m9utes1 & he has be5 tra9$ to /ep high1 & to prove himself to be 9 ! highe/ class ( h>ness horse1 & he is n bad "u saddle4 ,inde$1 m ?an "o blue-ribbon w9n] "u ! saddle f ,virg9ia & ,k5tucky is ( ?is same /ock4 ,?is docility is %[n 9 ! wond]ful p]=mance ( ,belle ,haml91 ,ju/9a1 & ,globe1 driv5 a mile1 ?ree abrea/1 9 #b4ad by ,ed4 ,ge]s4 ,9 writ+ ( ! ,am]ican trott+-horse "o is confront$ at ! outset ) ! "q ( f :at /&po9t he is to be consid]$2 :e!r z race-horse1 road-horse1 heavy h>ness horse1 or g5]al utility horse1 z 9 all ( ^! capacities he is )\t an equal1 & almo/ )\t a competitor4 ,! ,am]ican trott+-horse is ! result ( ! developm5t ( a type produc$ f het]og5e\s bre$s2 & :ile sev]al di/ricts ( ! c\ntry _h _! favorite /ra9s ( blood1 !re 0 no sy/em ( bre$+ :i* promis$ sure results until ,hambletonian /amp$ 8 (fspr+ ) spe$1 & ! in/9ct to trot2 :i* h be5 develop$ by ! bre$+ ( horses ) spe$ already develop$ or ) spe$ inh]itance4 ,trott]s may n[ be br$1 ) a c]ta9ty t ! produce w at lea/ excel 9 spe$ horses ( any o!r bre$1 & ) a likelihood ( great spe$4 ,! bre$+ ( ,hambletonian 7,plate ,,xxvii471 :o traces back to ,mess5g] on side ( bo? sire & dam1 has nev] be5 que/ion$4 ,mess5g] 0 import$ to ,philadelphia f ,engl& 9 #aghh4 ,he 0 a gray /allion by ,mambr9o1 fir/ dam by ,turf1 second dam by ,regulus1 ?ird dam by ,/>l+1 f\r? dam by ,fox1 fif? dam ,gipsey1 by ,bay ,bolton1 six? dam by ,duke ( ,newca/le's ,turk1 sev5? dam by ,by]ly ,turk1 eigh? dam by ,taffolet ,b>b1 n9? dam by ,place's ,:ite ,turk4 ,he 0 eight ye>s old :5 he came ov]4 ,! bre$+ ( ! dam ( ,hambletonian1 kn[n z ! ,*>les ,k5t m>e1 is only que/ion$ by ^? :o1 hav+ fail$ 9 bre$+ on o!r l9es1 h s\ght relief by attack+ ,hambletonian's bre$+1 con=mation1 disposition1 & individuality1 )\t consid]+ t 8 record 9 ! /ud disproves any & e cont5tion ( ! k9d4 ,!re is no success l success4 ,at any rate1 all agree t ! greate/ success 9 bre$+ trott]s has be5 a*iev$ by a lib]al use ( ,hambletonian blood2 & a w9n] ) none ( 8 blood is a curiosity4 ,f ,dext]1 ) a record ( #b4ag 9 #ahfg d[n to ,l\ ,dillon ) a record ( #a4eh 9 #aijc1 e *ampion trott] except "o is kn[n to h c>ri$ ,hambletonian's blood1 & ! exception probably did4 ,! #b4aj li/ ( to-day conta9s few )\t ,hambletonian blood4 ,t ,hambletonian impress$ 8 prog5y ) ! trott+ in/9ct1 & t ?is rema9s ?r\gh g5]ations1 is %[n by ! hi/ory ( ! ,dext] bran* ( ! family4 ,dext]'s full bro!r ,dictator f\nd$ a family :i* increases 9 numb] ( w9n]s ye>ly4 ,?is is also true ( 8 o!r (fspr+ :o 7 prop]ly br$ & develop$4 ,:e!r ,hambletonian inh]it$ 8 ability to impress 8 prog5y ) ! trott+ bra9 f ! ,arab1 ! ?or\ghbr$1 ! hackney1 or ! native horse1 is immat]ial2 t he _h t ability f "s s\rce1 ! /ud book proves beyond p]adv5ture4 ,:atev] comb9ation produc$ him x 0 a =tunate day = ,am]ican horse-bre$+ :5 he 0 produc$ & plac$ 9 ,orange ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 :]e !re 7 _m good m>es = him & :]e soil & wat] & climate all work$ toge!r = ! good ( 8 (fspr+ & enabl$ him to f\nd p]haps ! be/ all-r\nd type ( horse 9 ! _w4 ,all ( ,hambletonian's get _h ! in/9ct to trot1 & by bre$+ to ^? also hav+ ?is in/9ct1 :i* 0 ( necessity 9-bre$+1 x has be5 increas$ until ! trot is _! natural gait1 & ?ree-ye>-olds trot z fa/ z ! *ampion ( ?irty ye>s ago4 ,:ile x has tak5 ne>ly a c5tury to r$uce ! trott+ record a m9ute1 & :ile ?is r$uction has be5 help$ by improv$ tracks1 sulkies1 me?ods ( tra9+ & %oe+1 no "o w "q t ! p]c5tage ( horses :o c trot fa/ has increas$ to su* an ext5t t a horse to trot 9 #b4bj is easi] to f9d to-day ?an a ?ree-m9ute horse ?irty ye>s ago4 ,! bre$ ( ,am]ican trott+-horse is ( su* rec5t orig91 only five g5]ations f ,hambletonian to ,l\ ,dillon1 t x is n to be wond]$ at t ! type is n exact1 & t !re are in/ances ( rev]sion to outcrosses :i* produce individuals :i* subject ! bre$ to criticism f ^? :o judge quickly r ?an calmly4 ,!re is practically no "q t intellig5t bre$+ to a type w produce t type4 ,?is is prov$ by ! ph5om5al success ( ! ,messrs4 ,haml94 ,:5 ,mr4 ,c4 ,j4 ,haml9 ent]$ ! bre$+ bus9ess1 he /at$ t he propos$ to bre$ n only spe$1 b beauty2 & = ye>s ,village ,f>m 0 n only ! home ( ! *ampions1 b its produce 0 ! mo/ uni=m & beautiful kn[n4 ,! great majority ( ! ,haml9 horses be> ! impr9t ( t gr& horse ,mambr9o ,k+1 :o = sev]al ye>s call$ =? spontane\s *e]s1 & applause1 at ,madison ,squ>e ,g>d51 captivat+ ! audi5ce by 8 di/+ui%$ gait & be>+4 ,9 con=mation1 ! trott] has two di/9ctive diff]5ces f ! runn]1 9 t ! trott] is long] 9 ! body1 ?an he is high1 & is high] at ! c\pl+1 or rump1 ?an at ! )]s4 ,^! diff]5ces1 no d\bt1 are to accommodate ! /ructure to ! rot>y gait r ?an to ! s]ies ( jumps ( ! runn]4 ,! trott] is /eadily improv+ n only 9 spe$1 b 9 beauty1 & x is only a matt] ( %oe+ & education to make him /ep high = heavy h>ness use4 ,photographs %[ t all trott]s at spe$1 /ep high at "s po9t 9 _! /ride1 & %oe+ & bitt+ w s *ange ! /ride t x develops a m circul> =m1 & ! grit & in/9ct to trot enables !m to g fa/1 high1 & f>1 z comp>$ to any o!r high /epp]4 ,9 e use1 o!r ?an draught-horse "w1 ! trott] /&s alone z a g5]al utility horse4 ,! intellig5ce & n]v\s re/ra9t :i* makes ! two-m9ute trott] a possibility also makes him1 :5 us$ z a c>riage horse1 saf] ?an any o!r1 ev5 :5 surr\nd$ by ! _m hide\s objects & noises he mu/ face 9 ! city /reets ( to-day4 ,prom95t coa*+ m5 say t no horse 9 ! _w c draw a load$ coa* at ! same spe$1 & /& ! "w s well1 z ! ,am]ican trott+-br$ horse4 ,! road-horse is a /rictly ,am]ican in/itution1 & ! possession ( a trott] is ab\t ! fir/ sign ( prosp]ity ( a successful ,am]ican :o lives outside ( our great cities1 :]e he is n influ5c$ by ! desire = %[4 ,! typical road-horse %\ld h sub/ance s t he c draw two m5 twelve miles an h\r ) pleasure to !m & com=t to himself4 ,he %\ld h spe$ en\gh to acquit himself cr$itably 9 fri5dly bru%es4 ,toge!r ) ^! qualities he %\ld h looks & mann]s4 ,no bre$ ( horse except ! ,am]ican trott] comb9es ! con=mation1 spe$1 & bra91 to fulfil ^! requirem5ts4 ,! atta*$ diagram & table1 tak5 f ! ,new ,york ,h]ald aft] ,l\ ,dillon _h trott$ 9 two m9utes1 %[s cle>ly ! progress ( ! trott] 9 ! la/ hundr$ ye>s4 ,,took ,,ne>ly ,a ,,c5tury ,,to ,,ga9 ,a ,,m9ute ,,9 #ahjf ,,yankee ,,lopp$ ,a ,,second ,,f ,,! ,,?ree-,,m9ute ,,m>k ,,& ,,n9ety-,,sev5 ,,ye>s ,,lat] ,,ev5 ,,figures ,,are ,,atta9$ ,! foll[+ table %[s ! records ( ! trott+ *ampions s9ce #ahjf & ! di/ance :i* ,l\ ,dillon w\ld h beat5 ea* ( !m 9 a mile race4 ,,di/ance ,,record ,,ye> ,,cov]$ ,,no4 ,,feet ,,no4 ,,feet ,,horse ,,= ,,made ,,9 ,,feet ,,trott$ ,,beh9d ,,"o ,,mile ,,ea* ,,9 #b4jj ,,l\ ,,second ,,dillon ,yankee #b4ei #ahjf #bi4di #c1eci #a1gda ,bo/on ,horse #b4dh #ahaj #ca4cc #c1gfj #a1ebj ,tr\ble #b4dc #ahbf #cb4bh #c1hgd #a1daf ,sally ,mill] #b4cg #ahcd #cc4fc #d1jcf #a1bdd ,edw9 ,=re/ #b4cf #ahch #cc4gd #d1jdi #a1bca ,confid5ce #b4cf #ahch #cc4he #d1jfb #a1bah ,dut*man #b4cb #ahci #cd4gc #d1afh #a1aab ,lady ,suffolk #b4bi #ahde #ce4cb #d1bch #a1jdb ,pelham #b4bh #ahdi #ce4fg #d1bhj #a1jjj ,highl& ,maid #b4bg #ahec #ce4ib #d1caj #igj ,flora ,temple #b4ai #ahei #cg4gg #d1ecb #gdh ,dext] #b4ag #ahfg #ch4dg #d1fbf #fed ,goldsmi? ,maid #b4ad #ahgd #ci4dj #d1gbh #eeb ,r>us #b4ac #ahgh #ci4fb #d1gee #ebe ,/4 ,juli5 #b4aa #ahhj #dj4bb #d1hbf #dbg ,jay-,eye-,see #b4aj #ahhd #dj4fa #d1hgc #chj ,maud ,s4 #b4jh #ahhe #da4ja #d1iba #cdb ,sunol #b4jh #ahia #da4ag #d1idj #cac ,nancy ,hanks #b4jd #ahib #db4eh #e1aji #aed ,alix #b4jc #ahid #db4fe #e1aah #ade ,! ,abbot #b4jc #aijj #db4hd #e1ada #abb ,cresceus #b4jb #aija #dc4ai #e1aii #ha ,l\ ,dillon #b4jj #aijc #dd4jj #e1bhj 44 ,,l\ ,,dillon',s ,,desc5t ,,f ,,hambletonian ,,9 ,,! ,,male ,,l9e ,l\ ,dillon is fif? 9 desc5t f ,hambletonian 9 ! male l9e4 ,?is p$igree is z foll[s3-- ,,l\ ,,dillon ,,sidney ,,dillon ,,sidney ,,santa ,,claus ,,/ra?more ,,hambletonian ,z to ! tra9+ & education ( ! trott]1 t is a sci5ce :i* w\ld require a book 9 & ( itself4 ,( ! tra9+ ( ! trott+-br$ road-horse1 no two m5 probably pursue exactly ! same me?ods1 & no two horses require exactly ! same treatm5t1 h5ce no h>d & fa/ rules c be laid d[n = e man or = e horse4 ,ea* man c only give ! fruit ( 8 own practical exp]i5ce1 judici\sly mix$ ) ! exp]i5ce ( o!rs4 ,! fir/ lesson _c be giv5 too soon4 ,! day ! foal is born x %\ld be h&l$1 & made to feel1 ev5 at t t5d] age1 t man is its fri5d & ma/]4 ,?is %\ld be repeat$ e day = sev]al weeks1 or ev5 long]1 until ! foal is p]fectly g5tle & fri5dly t[>d its att5dant1 all[+ itself to be /rok$ & patt$1 & ea* leg 9 turn to be lift$ s t ! ho( may be exam9$ & att5d$ to1 a small halt] put on & tak5 (f1 & by degrees ! foal gradually accu/om$ to lead & /& to halt]4 ,) a little pati5ce & judgm5t1 all ?is c be accompli%$ by ! "t ! foal is a mon? old1 simply ?r\gh k9dness & coax+4 ,mo/ bre$]s leave all ?is undone1 lett+ ! foals run wild until !y are wean$1 :5 !y are r\ghly & p>tially brok5 by %e] =ce & awkw>dness comb9$4 ,sometimes ?is is n done till !y are ye>l+s1 or ev5 old]4 ,! educat+ me?ods :5 !y are "y give ! be/ results4 ,^! fir/ lessons are nev] =gott51 & ! foal is practically born 9 an atmosph]e ( docility & ob$i5ce4 ,he ga9s confid5ce 9 8 ma/] or att5dant1 & nev] really le>ns to fight back at ! end ( a halt] /rap1 & is mu* m will+ to accept passively :at may foll[ lat] on4 ,in/ead ( be+ 9 a /ate ( t]roriz$ ob$i5ce & fe>ful ( be+ hurt e "t he is approa*$ by man ) a /rap or a piece ( h>ness 9 8 h&s1 he comes to look ^u 8 tra9+ z agreeable play4 ,be=e ! foal is wean$ he %\ld be ti$ up by ! halt] rope to a small mang] 9 ! /all ) 8 dam1 long en\gh to f9i% a small fe$ ( cru%$ oats1 & ?is %\ld be cont9u$ z "p ( 8 daily r\t9e4 ,he w fret mu* less aft] be+ wean$ :5 ?is is done4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxvii4--,,hambletonian ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxviii4--,,george ,,wilkes ,8 fir/ lessons to h>ness %\ld be giv5 soon aft] be+ wean$1 dur+ ! w9t] t he becomes a ye>l+4 ,a surc+le may be fir/ ?r[n ov] 8 back & loosely buckl$ at fir/1 !n gradually tight5$ up4 ,be+ already us$ to ! halt]1 he w n object to a snug-fitt+ bridle4 ,a lea!r bit is pref]able to any o!r = a "y colt4 ,by degrees ! re/ ( ! h>ness may be put on ) little or no tr\ble4 ,if ! colt is suspici\s1 let him see1 smell1 & nose ! h>ness be=e putt+ x on4 ,! colt %\ld be l$ ar\nd ) long re9s1 taught to turn to ei!r side1 to /op at ! ^w :oa1 & also to back4 ,!n he may be hit*$ up to a small c>t1 especially built1 ) long %afts1 l[ to ! gr\nd & runn+ out beh9d ! :eels1 s z to prev5t re>+ %\ld ?is be attempt$4 ,x is well1 also1 always to use a /rong kick+-/rap1 on ! !ory t an ounce ( prev5tion is wor? a p\nd ( cure4 ,) su* a c>t & h>ness & lessons two or ?ree times a week :5 ! wea!r is pleasant1 wond]ful progress w (t5 be made be=e x is "t to turn ! ye>l+ out to grass4 ,next w9t] he is com+ two ye>s old1 & :5 tak5 up1 ! h>ness lessons %\ld be resum$1 ?is "t to regulation road-c>t4 ,at ?is /age a pla9 snaffle-bit %\ld be us$4 ,an av]age ( twice a week 9 h>ness w be f\nd suffici5t1 al?\gh a %ort drive e pleasant day may be indulg$ 94 ,! colt %\ld h ! run ( a paddock = ex]cise4 ,! bitt+ rig may n[ be us$ to give ! colt a good m\?1 a mo/ ess5tial ?+1 = !re is no com=t 9 driv+ a horse ) a mean m\?4 ,x is assum$ t all ! driv+ is done ) a light h&1 o!rwise1 in/ead ( a road-horse1 a rank pull] is be+ develop$4 ,a "y horse 9 h>ness c h>dly be accu/om$ at too e>ly a /age to diff]5t sights & s\nds1 provid$ !y are introduc$ to him ) judgm5t & 9 a way n calculat$ to fright5 him4 ,he %\ld become acqua9t$ ) dogs1 c[s1 & su* ?+s z he is liable to meet on ! road4 ,an umbrella op5 or %ut %\ld h no t]rors = him4 ,9 %[+ him an umbrella & gradually op5+ x1--& putt+ x ov] 8 head & all ab\t him1--x is well to be> 9 m9d t a colt %\ld be educat$ on bo? sides4 ,:atev] is done on ! ne> side %\ld be repeat$ on ! (f side4 ,c>ts %\ld be rattl$ & pu%$ up aga9/ 8 haun*es1 & a hundr$ & "o ?+s ( ! sort done1--all ( :i* w sugge/ !mselves to a c>eful tra9]4 ,a horse has little or no reason+ p[]4 ,he has a t5aci\s memory4 ,:at he has se5 & kn[s does n h>m him1 he is n afraid (4 ,:at he has n se5 he dreads1 & be+ naturally ! mo/ timid ( all animals1 he in/9ctively & in/antly ?9ks ( flight1 z 8 sole *ance ( escape4 ,confid5ce 9 8 driv] w c\nt]act to a c]ta9 ext5t 8 dread & 8 ?\ghts ( flight4 ,a horse t is :ipp$ pa/ an object he is afraid ( is be+ =c$ to *oose ! less] ( two evils1 & 9 proportion to ! ext5t ( 8 fe> mu/ be ! sev]ity ( ! :ipp+ to induce him to pass ! dread$ object4 ,"s horsem5 pride !mselves on _! ability to make a horse pass any?+ or g any:]e4 ,?is me?od ru9s a horse = pleasure driv+1 = :5 he sees some?+ :i* fright5s him1 he kn[s he is betwe5 two fires4 ,ultimately1 he may be c[$ into submission & pass ?+s )\t />t+1 b 8 _s is brok51 & he is no long] a g5tleman's road-horse4 ,! bett] plan is to gradually accu/om a horse to /eam c>s1 trolley c>s1 automobiles1 /eam roll]s1 etc41 tak+ him a little ne>] ea* "t1 & enc\rag+ him ) voice & re9 to pass4 ,n e man w succe$ 9 do+ ?is4 ,y\r true horseman1 l y\r poet1 is born & n made4 ,be=e br++ 8 *>ge to ?is po9t1 he w h absolute control ( 8 "y horse1 & ! horse has e confid5ce 9 8 driv]4 ,! driv] is confid5t & fe>less1 &1 kn[+ ?or\ghly ! nature & limit$ capacity ( 8 pupil1 s manages ?+s t ! confid5ce & fe>lessness are mutual1 & s 9 "t ! horse responds *e]fully & fe>lessly to ! slighte/ wi% ( 8 driv]4 ,9 ! h&s ( a timid1 n]v\s man1 ! same horse is likely to develop into a dang]\s %y]1 if n a pull] or a runaway4 ,e h>ness-horse %\ld be taught to back & to /&4 ,he %\ld und]/& ?is be=e be+ h>ness$ to a c>t1 & "t & c>e _c be bett] employ$ ?an 9 mak+ him pr(ici5t 9 bo? back+ & /opp+ at ! ^w ( comm&1 ) e vehicle to :i* he may be h>ness$4 ,a horse may d bo? e "t he is ask$ 9 a two-:eel$ c>t1 & yet refuse to d ei!r & h to be taught all ov] aga9 :5 put to a f\r-:eel$ vehicle4 ,ano!r valuable accompli%m5t is to walk fa/4 ,a lazy driv] w sometimes make a sl[ walk] ( a naturally fa/ "o1 b ?is %\ld n be tol]at$4 ,"s colts are naturally incl9$ to poke along at a snail's pace :5 walk+1 & are mo/ satisfactory 9 e o!r respect4 ,!y w acquire ! habit ( brisk walk+ if !y are h>ness$ d\ble ) a fa/-walk+ horse4 ,x is "t well sp5t 9 tea*+ a horse to acquire ! habit4 ,9 driv+ "y horses to pole1 !y %\ld be driv5 diff]5t days on alt]nate sides1--fir/ on ! ne> side1 !n on ! (f side1 or vice v]sa4 ,op5 bridles %\ld be us$ to beg9 )1 & aft]w>ds ! bl9d bridle may be sub/itut$4 ,a driv+-horse %\ld be equally at home ) ei!r k9d4 ,:ile a pla9 snaffle is pref]able = mo/ horses1 x w n always answ]4 ,9 t case1 ! only way is to exp]im5t ) diff]5t bits until a suitable "o is f\nd4 ,a sev]e bit %\ld nev] be us$ except z a la/ resort4 ,! abuse ( ov]draw *ecks _c be too sev]ely reprobat$4 ,_m a good horse has 8 m\? & temp] ru9$1 & 8 neck muscles made rigid in/ead ( rema9+1 z !y %\ld1 flexible & pliable1 by ! inord9ate craze = ! ,kimball ,jackson *eck4 ,"s horses may1 & probably d1 require x2 b1 9 my op9ion1 !y are few & f> betwe54 ,_m road driv]s seem to ?9k su* a *eck mu/ be us$ on a fa/ trott]4 ,x is well to recall t ,jay-,eye-,see1 ! fir/ horse to trot a mile 9 #b4aj1 0 driv5 ) a side-*eck2 & ,l\ ,dillon1 :o has trott$ a mile 9 #a4eh1 & is ! two-m9ute m>vel ( ! day1 goes )\t any *eck :atev]4 ,^! two not$ examples %\ld sil5ce all argum5ts ab\t ! necessity = an ov]draw *eck 9 ord] to increase ! spe$4 ,! pleasure ( a driv+-horse dep5ds z mu* z any?+ else ^u 8 /opp+ & /&+ :]ev] & :5ev] y wi% him to d s4 ,"y horses are (t5 impati5t ( ?is re/ra9t1 com+ at irregul> int]vals & places1 & x is "o ( ! h>de/ ?+s to tra9 a horse to d4 ,a good plan is to h !m foll[ beh9d a wagon1 p>ticul>ly if load$ ) hay1 & h ! wagon />t & /op1 & ! colt y are driv+ beh9d x d likewise4 ,?is /opp+ & />t+ seems to him m natural1 com+ z x does f ! =cible argum5t ( a load ( hay 9 front ( him1 r ?an a pull+ on 8 m\? f beh9d4 ,j z ! ,am]ican trott+-br$ horse makes ! mo/ agreeable h>ness-horse 9 ! _w1 s he is well wor? all ! "t & pati5ce requir$ to make him :at he c become4 ,a few mon?s' k9dl9ess1 firmness1 & pati5ce :5 8 s*ool+ beg9s mean ye>s ( pleasure & safety to 8 own] lat] on4 ,above all1 get all idea out ( y\r head ( break+ a horse4 ,he is ! la/ animal 9 ! _w to be made companionable or useful by be+ beat5 & r\ghly h&l$ &1 z ! phrase is1 brok54 ,9 8 bitt+1 h>ness+1 & h&l+ he %\ld be made to d ?+s by pati5ce r ?an by =ce4 ,! notion t a horse %\ld nev] be all[$ to refuse to d :at is requir$ ( him1 b t he %\ld !re & !n be beat5 into ob$i5ce is n only a false notion1 b results badly4 ,in/ead ( ?ra%+ him pa/ :at he %ies at1 x is f> bett] 9 ! end to keep at ! problem day aft] day until he le>ns ?r\gh habit r ?an by ! :alebone4 ,x takes m "t1 b 9 ! end ! results are f> m satisfactory4 ,x is 9 ^! e>ly days ( ! tra9+ ( ! road-horse or h>ness-horse t ! wise own] puts all he kn[s ( bitt+1 h>ness+1 %oe+1 & fe$+ into practice4 ,x is at ^! times1 too1 t he le>ns by scores ( exp]im5ts :i* ( ! _m c\nsels he has read or li/5$ to is ! wise/4 ,x may be said1 inde$1 t an own] is & rema9s p>tially ignorant & incompet5t1 until he has wat*$ & bitt$ & driv51 day aft] day1 an equ9e problem ( 8 own4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,a ,,*apt] ,,( ,,little ,,?+s ,! success ( e drive1 :e!r ) "o horse1 two horses1 f\r horses1 or six horses1 dep5ds ^u ?ree ?+s3 ! com=t ( y\r horse1 y\rself1 & y\r pass5g]s4 ,( ! com=t ( ! horse mu* has be5 said already1 & all t has be5 said may well be emphasiz$ & ev5 repeat$4 ,he %\ld be ready to g out1 t is1 n too soon aft] nor too long aft] fe$+4 ,8 bit & h>ness %\ld be com=table & adequate to ! "w he is to d4 ,8 %oes & feet %\ld be 9 good condition4 ,if a horse is prop]ly look$ aft] by 8 c>etak] 9 ! /able1 ca/+ a %oe %\ld be a r>e occurr5ce4 ,! horse be+ com=table at ! />t1 ev]ybody's com=t beh9d him dep5ds ^u 8 be+ kept com=table4 ,he %\ld n be ask$ to g too fa/ or too sl[1 or ask$ to d too mu* at "o "t1 & 8 m\? %\ld be kept fre%4 ,z = ! coa*man1 8 h>ness1 too1 %\ld fit him4 ,! writ] has se5 a re9 dropp$ & a horse 9 a f\r g sprawl+ on ! pavem5t1 all on acc\nt ( ! ill-fitt+ hat ( ! coa*man1 :o 0 grabb+ at 8 head-ge> at an inopportune mom5t4 ,x is ev5 a matt] ( consequ5ce1 if y are to be ! cu/odian ( o!r p's safety on a drive1 t y\r hat %\ld fit y well en\gh to /ay on1 ev5 9 a fre% breeze4 ,gloves %\ld be ( dogsk91 & at lea/ a size too big4 ,y\r h& %\ld be able to b5d z ?\gh !re 0 no glove on x4 ,if ! glove is n z big z ?is1 or ev5 bigg]1 y\r re9s w slip t[>d ! middle ( y\r f+]s1 :]e !y %\ld n be1 b held snug 9 t[>d ! roots ( ! f+]s2 & y _c easily b5d y\r h& r\nd to make a pivot ( y\r wri/1 ^u :i* ! :ole easy give-&-take betwe5 ! h& & ! horse's m\? dep5ds4 ,9 our hot climate x makes = coolness 9 summ] to pun* a few holes 9 ! backs ( ! gloves1 & turn ov] ! wri/s on to ! backs ( ! h&s4 ,driv+ gloves ) only "o seam up & d[n ! f+]s are ! mo/ com=table 7see plates74 ,a pair ( wooll5 gloves %\ld always be tak5 9 t&em or f\r-9-h& driv+ to use 9 case ( wet wea!r4 ,nobody c drive 9 tight-fitt+ gloves4 ,y may /e] & pull1 b drive1 nev]4 ,e s+le sugge/ion z to hold+ & f+]+ ! re9s is negativ$ if tight gloves are worn4 ,x !n becomes a physical impossibility to s manuvre h&s1 wri/s1 & f+]s t ! horse's m\? %all h a *ance4 ,wet gloves c be got 9 %ape & flexibility aga9 by ! use ( ,cr[n soap well rubb$ into !m :ile !y are wet4 ,:5 !y are dry aga91 !y w be z good z ev]4 ,9 ! matt] ( ! driv]'s cu%ion1 x is well to be above y\r horse1 ev5 9 a runab\t4 ,?is gives bett] control1 m p[]1 & keeps ! re9s (f ! horse's back1 s t !y may come back directly f ! pad-t]rets to ! h&4 ,! cu%ion %\ld always1 9 :atev] vehicle1 be ( clo?1 & tuft$ to avoid slipp+4 ,y w h en\gh to d )\t us+ y\r legs z props to hold y on y\r seat4 ,s mu* dep5ds ^u ! physical proportions ( ! coa*man t x is impossible to give figures z to ! prop] size & slant ( cu%ion4 ,?ree in*es & a half is a fair slant ( cu%ion4 ,! knees %\ld be b5t at a com=table angle1 & ! feet re/+ on ! foot-bo>d 9 su* a way t ! ankles are n b5t at an uncom=table angle4 ,9 driv+ two z a pair or t&em1 or f\r horses1 ?is matt] ( a com=table & secure seat is important1 & w repay consid]able att5tion4 ,if = any reason--z 9 ! case ( a dog-c>t balanc$ at diff]5t angles--! di/ance betwe5 ! seat & ! foot-bo>d is alt]$1 or :]e a *ild or %ort-legg$ p]son ne$s a brace = ! feet1 nev] "u any circum/ances h a rail4 ,a foot-bo>d cov]$ ) corrugat$ rubb] made to fit 91 & :i* c be tak5 out :5 n ne$$1 is all t is necess>y4 ,a rail across ! bottom ( ! foot-bo>d1 (t5 se5 9 ! light] /yle ( vehicles1 su* z buggies1 buckbo>ds1 & ! l1 is an inv5tion ( ! devil & mo/ dang]\s4 ,x is entirely unnecess>y1 & x is easy to cat* y\r toe or toes und]nea? x1 & ! consequ5ces may be horribly s]i\s4 ,9 "o case a lady1 cat*+ a l[ %oe "u su* a rail & /ruggl+ to get x out1 0 ?r[n ov] ! da%-bo>d betwe5 h] horses & kill$4 ,su* a rail s]ves no real purpose & has no possible def5ce except a v %ort-sight$ economy4 ,if y\r light vehicle has su* a rail z a re/ = ! feet1 ei!r take x out or put ano!r rail across p>allel to x s t x is impossible to cat* ev5 ! toes und]nea? x4 ,if a horse gets 8 tail ov] a re91 /op him & lift 8 tail (f ! re92 d n j]k ! re9 f "u ! tail4 ,a clev] :ip1 driv+ t&em or f\r1 c (t51 by a judici\s turn+ ( ! horse & a flick ) ! :ip1 make ! horse take 8 tail (f ! re9 himself1 b ?is is = ! cognosc5ti2 ! beg9n] _h be/ take ! safe/ & sure/ way out ( tr\ble & ei!r let ! groom or 8 pass5g] help him out4 ,if alone1 sl[ up1 d no tugg+ & j]k+1 loos5 ! re91 turn y\r horse quickly & decid$ly ! o!r way1 & flick him on ! qu>t]s ) ! :ip4 ,if x 7 n t e n[ & !n "s "o is kick$ 9 ! head by lean+ ov] ! da%-bo>d to get hold ( ! horse's tail1 x w\ld seem unnecess>y to =bid absolutely su* a copp]-fa/5$ fool proce$+4 ,( dock$ tails1 be>+-re9s1 crupp]s1 & ! l1 !re are1 season aft] season1 endless discussions4 ,! cause ( ! discussion is usually due n to a wise1 b to a cruel1 use ( ^!1 & is g5]ally c>ri$ on 9 a legislature :]e only a small m9ority "k any?+ ( ! horse except z a quiet f>m animal1 seldom driv5 out ( a walk4 ,z soon z ! ,society = ! ,prev5tion ( ,cruelty to ,animals adds to its bo>d ( directors half a doz5 !oretically & practically compet5t horsem51 !re w be a *ange = ! bett] 9 ^! matt]s1 bo? practically & legislatively4 ,!re are _m compet5t horsem5 :o ma9ta91 & ) reason1 t ! long tail is dang]\s1 p>ticul>ly :]e wom5 & *ildr5 drive2 t a tail ov] ! re9 may mean a mi%ap1 & probably injury2 t x is dirty1 b$raggles & wets ! legs1 & ) ! fa/-mov+1 well-c>$-= c>riage horse is unnecess>y1 ev5 to 8 com=t4 ,?is does n1 on ! o!r h&1 imply t horses' tails %\ld be dock$ & set up2 b x does po9t to a happy m$ium betwe5 ! dang]\s & dirty long tail & ! unnecess>ily %ort dock4 ,! "q %\ld n be look$ ^u z hav+ b "o answ]4 ,m5 :o h !mselves dock$ horses & se5 scores ( horses dock$1 & :o take ! mo/ in/ruct$ c>e ( _! horses1 are naturally provok$ by criticism f citiz5s :o h>dly "k t a horse's tail has jo9ts 9 x1 let alone any?+ ab\t ! fe$+1 h\s+1 or h&l+ ev5 ( _! own horses4 ,s v few p "k h[ mu* !re is to "k ab\t ! horse1 t _! ignorance nei!r oppresses1 nor suppresses !m4 ,z = ! be>+-re91 "h aga9 ! "q is "o ( use4 ,= ! misuse ( ! be>+-re9 !re is no def5ce4 ,! be>+-re9 prev5ts %ak+ ab\t ( ! head1 rubb+ (f ( ! bridle1 cat*+ ! bit or bridle1 gett+ ! head d[n betwe5 ! legs1 ob/9ate bor+2 &1 driv+ 9 t[n1 x is a valuable piece ( auxili>y h>ness4 ,its misuse1 to hold a horse's head 9 an unnatural position & to make him lift 8 feet1 is n only cruel1 b vulg>--vulg> be+ us$ to express ! type ( m9d t measures ev]y?+ by appe>ances4 ,! crupp] keeps ! saddle 9 place1 helps mat]ially to prev5t ! horse f gett+ 8 tail ov] ! re91 & dis9cl9es him to kick4 ,! bree*+ is1 or ought to be1 consid]$ indisp5sable 9 a hilly c\ntry1 ev5 ) light vehicles1 & is a prop] precaution 9 all cases :]e wom5 or *ildr5 act z coa*man4 ,brakes are a ,fr5* inv5tion1 & might be suppos$ to come "u mu* ! same /rictures z ! bree*+4 ,b :ile a bree*+ is useful & nev] out ( place1 except p]haps on ! lead]s :]e horses are driv5 9 front ( ea* o!r1 ! brake is s (t5 misus$1 ) consequ5t damage to ! horse1 ! h>ness1 ! vehicle1 & ! skill ( ! driv]1 t x almo/ des]ves a *apt] by itself4 ,9 ! old days ( heavy coa*-loads1 ! :eel]s1 help$ by ! skilful coa*man1 took ! coa* d[n hill4 ,b a mi/ake1 or a break 9 ! h>ness or ! pole1 meant disa/]4 ,! brake1 :i* cramps ! :eels & takes "s ( ! /ra9 ( hold+ back (f ! horses1 0 a valuable inv5tion4 ,a limit$ am\nt ( alcohol giv5 at ! "r "t is an indisp5sable m$ic9e & a boon to ! race4 ,alcohol tak5 at all times & g5]ally by ! wrong p]sons1 9 ! wrong places1 is ! curse ( ! ,anglo-,saxon race4 ,engl&1 ) "o 9 =ty ( its population class$ z incompet5t1 is ! /ory ( ! misuse ( alcohol4 ,! brake %ov$ on viol5tly at e declivity racks ! vehicles1 burd5s ! horse by n all[+ him to g "p ( 8 road )\t ! weight ( ! vehicle beh9d him1 puts unnecess>y /ra9 on ! h>ness at ! wrong "t1 & t5ds to make ! coa*man c>eless4 ,! brake %ov$ on ) a j]k at e /op j>s ev]ybody 9 ! vehicle1 & has be5 kn[n1 n once1 b (t51 to actually *uck p clean out ( ! vehicle1 bo? beh9d & 9 front1 besides br++ ! horse into 8 coll> ) a pa9ful gall+ ( 8 %\ld]s4 ,on a level place ! brake %\ld nev] be us$ to /op ! vehicle4 ,aft] ! vehicle has be5 /opp$1 p>ticul>ly if x be a heavy "o1 ! brake may be put on & left on until ! next />t is made--?is z a measure ( precaution4 ,nev] put on ! brake 9 any case ) ! :ip 9 ! "r h&4 ,transf] y\r :ip to ! left h& & avoid ! dang] ( flick+ ! horse 9 front ( y by dropp+ x t[>d him2 or ( flick+ ! pass5g]s beh9d y by dropp+ x t[>d !m2 & above all avoid ! dang] ( break+ or los+ y\r :ip altoge!r4 ,:5 ! brake is to be put on1 y ne$ y\r :ole h& to d x4 ,put on & take (f ! brake quietly4 ,kn[+ horses w (t5 />t (f at ! s\nd ( ! brake4 ,! brake %\ld n be reg>d$ z a regul> "p ( ! h>ness4 ,x is good = a horse to d "s hold+-back "w1 & a bad habit to get him to ! po9t :]e he %irks ?is "p ( ! "w1 or refuses to d x at all4 ,!n 9 case ! brake does n "w1 or y are )\t "o1 ! refusal may cause tr\ble4 ,! brake is only = use :5 !re is too mu* /ra9 on horse & h>ness--n = use e "t we g d[n ! smalle/ declivity4 ,su* use ( x spoils r ?an helps ! horse4 ,x is torture to a pass5g] to see & feel ! brake g on1 be=e ! desc5t is rea*$ ev51 & !n kept on y>ds aft] !re is no ne$ ( x4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 good m5 & good horses are able to negotiate any ord9>y road1 )\t any brake at all2 x is a precaution>y measure & a conv5i5ce4 ,b = all driv+ 9 hilly c\ntry by ! av]age coa*man x %\ld n be omitt$1 nor %\ld x be misus$4 ,:]e o!r p %>e ! dang]1 x is always be/ to err on ! safe side4 ,d n />t d[n any hill fa/4 ,) a heavy load1 & horses well 9 h&1 y may put on /eam t[>d ! bottom & give ! cattle a little relief4 ,9 go+ up a hill1 d n become impati5t & urge horses into a fa/] pace be=e y rea* ! br[ ( ! hill4 ,x is h>d on a horse to pull up a hill1 & !n to be =c$ into a trot j be=e rea*+ ! top1 :]e ! /ra9 is h>de/4 ,once on ! level1 give a little brea?+-space & !n />t along4 ,rememb] always1 :e!r go+ d[n hill1 or approa*+ a tr\blesome cr[d ( vehicles1 or ) a corn] to turn ahead ( y1 t ! "t to sl[ up is be=e y get !re4 ,y %\ld sl[ up ) y\r eyes1 & /op ) y\r h&s4 ,t is to say1 y %\ld beg9 op]ations z soon z y\r eyes discov] tr\ble ahead1 & n leave x to ! la/ mom5t2 & !n1 ) y\r h&s 9 ! air1 y\r back at an angle ( #de1 y\r horses on _! haun*es1 & ! c>riage on top ( !m1 j save y\rself4 ,x is mu* easi] to avoid tr\ble ?an to get out ( x4 ,if y are alone1 & ) no "o dep5d5t ^u y = support1 y\r neck is y\r own2 b ) pass5g]s1 = ^: safety y h tacitly pl$g$ y\rself1 ! mom5t y take ! re9s y h no "r to take ! smalle/ risk1 & besides y are 9 honor b\nd to use y\r v be/ ef=ts = _! safety & com=t4 ,above all ?+s d n fancy t y are a coa*man1 because y own horses & c drive !m4 ,bad driv+ 9 ,new ,york is responsible = "o dea? a day ! ye> r\nd4 ,! h&s %\ld be c>ri$ "u av]age circum/ances at ab\t ! level ( ! wat* *a9 :5 worn 9 ! l[] wai/coat pocket2 ! arm horizontal f ! elb[1 :i* position puts ! h&s slightly l[] ?an ! elb[4 ,b ?is direction %\ld n = a mom5t be tak5 z a h>d & fa/ rule4 ,y w see fir/-rate coa*m51 "s ) ! h& high]1 "s ) ! h& l[] ?an ?is4 ,! reasons = ! diff]5ces are simple4 ,) a nicely bitt$ team 9 a %[ r+ or 9 ! ,p>k1 :]e a t\* is en\gh1 ! left h& if rais$ a little c be turn$ m easily1 ! po9ts c be made by ! "r h& ) less movem5t1 & !re is no dang] ( tir+ ei!r h& or arm4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! coa*man :o has a fifty-mile drive be=e him1 ) _m diff]5t horses to h&le1 w place 8 h& l[]1 ) m com=t to himself1 & ) less risk ( numb+ 8 h& & arm4 ,driv+ ) ! h&s held up "u ! *91 or out 9 front ( "o1 z ?\gh pres5t+ a visit+-c>d on a tray1 are m]ely ! monkey mann]isms ( ! ignorant4 ,?is is (t5 ! result ( hav+ se5 o!rs drive )\t und]/&+ ! reasons = _! position ( ! h&s4 ,^? mo/ accompli%$ coa*m51 ,h[lett1 fa!r & son1 9 tea*+ hold ! h&s high] ?an ! ord9>y = ! v suffici5t reason t !y c h&le a team admirably1 ?is way or any o!r way1 & because x is mu* easi] to %[ ! pupil :at is go+ on ) ! re9s & f+]s 9 t position4 ,b :5 "y ,h[lett s easily di/anc$ 8 competitors1 & won ! five-hundr$-doll> prize at ! ,madison ,squ>e ,g>d51 he did n h&le ! re9s 9 an exagg]at$ or conspicu\s fa%ion4 ,hold+ ! h&s too high is conspicu\sly awkw>d1 besides %[+ ! p]=m] to be ignorant ( 8 bus9ess & mak+ x exce$+ly difficult to pull up quietly & quickly4 ,x may be set d[n z an axiom1 t ! coa*man :o looks self-consci\s & 9 a /ra9$ position is do+ some?+ he does n und]/&1 because he guesses x is "r4 ,a snob may be borne ) on dry l&2 b on ! cu%ion he is dang]\s4 ,! in/itutional bore :o illu/rates ! evid5t1 expla9s ! obvi\s1 & expatiates on ! commonplace is m]ely an irritant at d9n]2 b at ! helm ( a boat or beh9d horses 8 slov5ly omnisci5ce presages1 or prep>es =1 disa/]4 ,b m ?an any o!r "o ?+1 inatt5tion is ! cause ( mo/ accid5ts4 ,some?+ goes wrong because ! coa*man1 ?r\gh inatt5tion1 0 unprep>$ = x1 & !n ?+s happ5 t _c be avoid$4 ,n9e runaways out ( t5 beg9 ) c>elessness2 once />t$ !re is no help ?is side ( a sma%-up4 ,y may see n once1 b t5 times1 a day ! own] ( a vehicle put d[n 8 re9s1 get out1 & in/ead ( go+ to ! horse's head1 until ! groom c get to ! re9s1 walk (f4 ,! writ] has se5 two exp5sive sma%-ups due to ! fact t a high-/rung horse1 />tl$ by a noise or an unexpect$ sight1 broke away :ile ! groom 0 gett+ f ! horse's head to ! seat4 ,a horse f9d+ himself entirely & unexpect$ly at lib]ty1 loses 8 head m (t5 ?an n1 & !n does any mad ?+1 f kick+ to runn+ away1 t comes easie/4 ,! h>ness-horse1 x is to be rememb]$1 is always "u control1 & j to feel no re/ra9+ h& is 9 & ( itself en\gh to upset him4 ,v few horses if re/ra9$ 9 "t c get away ) a fairly /rong man1 b no man liv+ c /op two1 or ev5 "o1 mu* less f\r horses1 once !y get ! jump on him & a good gallop+ />t4 ,! important ?+ is to keep su* wat* & w>d t ! horse gets no *ance to get ev5 "o jump be=e he is pull$ up1 & t means ceaseless vigilance4 ,if y h _h accid5ts1--& if y h ridd5 or driv5 mu*1 y h _h accid5ts1--y w recall t ! cause 0 unexpect$1 & ?+s happ5$ j at t p>ticul> fraction ( a second :5 y 7 (f y\r gu>d4 ,9 tea*+ any "o to drive1 p>ticul>ly *ildr51 ?is po9t _c be too mu* emphasiz$4 ,! eyes1 s to speak1 %\ld be 9 ! boat1 or 9 equ9e p>lance on ! horse1 ! :ole livelong "t1--f ! mom5t y take up ! re9s till "s "o has ! horse's head at ! end ( ! j\rney4 ,lack+ ?is fundam5tal axiom ( all driv+1 ev]y?+ else goes = no?+4 ,! :ip %\ld be us$ sm>tly & = a purpose1 or n at all4 ,x is be/ to hit y\r horse =w>d ( 8 pad or saddle1 except :]e 9 t&em or f\r-9-h& driv+ ! lead]s %\ld be hit on ! h9d legs1 "u1 n above1 ! trace4 ,nev]1 9 any k9d ( driv+1 use y\r :ip ) ! re9 9 ! same h& z ! :ip4 ,to hit a horse ) ! :ip1 & to jab him 9 ! m\? at ! same "t1 r5d]s bo? signals incompreh5sible4 ,! re9s %\ld nev] be flopp$ ab\t on ! horse's back 9 lieu ( ! :ip4 ,?is jabs ! m\?1 confuses ! horse1 & puts him n only to confusion1 b out ( y\r direct control4 ,! connection betwe5 h& & bit %\ld nev] be cut (f :ile ! horse is 9 motion1 any m ?an y %\ld un%ip y\r rudd] :ile sail+ a boat4 ,d n turn corn]s too fa/ nor too soon4 ,:5 ! hub ( y\r front :eel is opposite ! corn] y are to turn1 ev5 if y be too close on t side1 !re is little dang] ( hitt+ ev5 ) ! h9d :eel4 ,above all ?+s1 look :]e y are go+ & wat* y\r horse6 ,9 any sport :]e ! pleasure & safety ( o!rs are 9 y\r keep+1 to %[ (f or to take risks is unp>donable & dang]\s folly4 ,=m1 ( :i* we he> s mu* 9 relation to driv+1 is "h z ev]y:]e else ei!r rational or ridicul\s4 ,=m is rational :5 x is ! prop] clo?+ ( an idea2 =m is ridicul\s :5 x is m]ely an idea ( prop] clo?+4 ,:5 y dress com=tably1 & sit securely1 & hold ! re9s firmly & lightly1 y drive 9 good =m because y are obey+ ! well-?\ght-out laws ( ! sport4 ,:5 y m]ely copy ! ext]nals )\t kn[+ :y1 y are ridicul\s4 ,?is is ! :ole secret ( =m4 ,"o is matt]1 ! o!r is m]ely mann]4 ,"o is rational1 ! o!r ridicul\s4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,driv+ ,,"o ,,horse ,once y h a horse & "k some?+ ( 8 make-up inside & out1 & h h\s$ him prop]ly1 & b\ght 8 h>ness & le>n$ some?+ ( its use1 ! next ?+ is to make ! connection1 fir/ betwe5 ! horse & ! vehicle1 & !n betwe5 y\rself & ! horse4 ,! c>riage %\ld be run out fir/1 ! pole or %afts put 9 place & du/$1 ! prop] :ip & robes got toge!r4 ,x may be well = ! own] to realize t a man alone %\ld h at lea/ ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r to turn out on ! box ( a br\gham or ,victoria1 proportionally less "t = a runab\t or o!r light c>riage1 on :i* he is to appe> 9 /able clo!s4 ,! horse %\ld be br\ght out ( or turn$ 9 8 /all & atta*$ to ! pill>-re9s1 & 8 feet1 coat1 & head gone ov]4 ,! coll> %\ld !n be /ret*$ & put ov] 8 head1 be+ c>eful n to rub h>d aga9/ ! eye-bones 9 s do+1 fa/5 on ! hames1 & turn ! coll> into place4 ,x is easi] to fa/5 hames on to ! coll> be=e ! coll> is turn$4 ,!n put on ! bridle1 see+ to x t ! bit is 9 its prop] place1 z well z ! w9k]s1 & t bo? sides ( ! bridle are ( ! same l5g?4 ,! saddle %\ld be plac$ fir/ well back on ! horse1 s t ! crupp] may be put "u ! tail )\t undue pull+ & haul+4 ,!n place ! saddle :]e x belongs on ! horse's back1 & tight5 up ! gir?4 ,run ! re9s ?r\gh _! t]rets & fa/5 !m to ! bit1 & lead y\r horse out & back him into ! %afts4 ,nev] take hold ( ! bit 9 lead+ him out b by ! nose-b&4 ,if y slip or /umble or he ?r[s 8 head1 if y h him by ! bit y jab him 9 ! m\?1 & !n ev5 be=e he is 9 ! vehicle he is s5sitive & re/ive4 ,put y\r horse z ne> ! c>riage z possible )\t dang] ( hitt+ :5 9 motion4 ,! tug gir?1 :i* holds ! %afts1 %\ld be tight en\gh to hold ! %afts 9 place 9 a f\r-:eel$ c>riage1 b loose en\gh to all[ a c]ta9 am\nt ( play 9 two-:eel$ c>riages4 ,:]e1 z 9 a gig h>ness1 ! play is giv5 by ! tug itself1 ?is is n necess>y4 ,9 unh>ness+1 take (f ! be>+-re91 unfa/5 ! traces1 !n ! tug gir?--n vice v]sa1 s t if a horse />ts =w>d !re w be some?+ to prev5t ! c>riage runn+ on 8 heels4 ,always loos5 a curb-*a9 be=e tak+ (f a bridle1--?is applies equally to ! horse 9 h>ness or "u saddle1--& la/ly ! bree*+4 ,! re9s %\ld be unbuckl$ f ! bit1 drawn back ?r\gh ! t]rets1 & hung ov] ! arm or out ( ! way4 ,take (f ! pad1 turn ! coll>1 & take (f ! hames1 !n turn ! coll> back & leave x 9 its place a few m9utes to prev5t gall$ %\ld]s4 ,! bit & curb-*a9 %\ld be ?r[n into ! bucket ( lime wat]1 or at any rate clean$ c>efully at once4 ,x is mu* easi] to prev5t ru/ ?an to get x (f4 ,9 tak+ out a pair1 ! re9s %\ld be unbuckl$ fir/ ( all & pull$ ?r\gh f ! front4 ,if y drive into ! /able1 d x y\rself be=e dism\nt+4 ,9 tak+ (f ! traces1 beg9 ) ! inside "o1 !n ! outside "o1 !n ! pole-*a9s or pole-pieces4 ,take (f ! saddles1 turn ! coll>s1 remove ! hames1 leav+ coll>s on z be=e4 ,x is a great sav+ ( "t1 & less5s confusion1 to fix ! habit ( bo? h>ness+ & unh>ness+ 9 a regul> way1 until x becomes me*anical2 & mi/akes are n made1 & accid5ts d n happ51 because ! habit ( do+ ?+s prop]ly has become fix$4 ,h y\r buckle-re9 on (f-side horse4 ,fir/1 because t m>ks ! re91 &1 secondly1 because z t re9 is ! "o n ?r[n across !re is less likelihood ( hitt+ & hurt+ ! att5dant on t side4 ,be=e y take ! re9s 9 y\r h& look ov] ! trap1 h>ness1 & horse1 & see t all is "r4 ,! /op on ! %afts %\ld by all means be beh9d ! tugs2 ! traces1 coll>1 bree*+1 bridle1 gir?s1 bit1 be>+-re91 %\ld be look$ ov]1 fir/1 to see if y may drive 9 safety1 & !n to confirm y 9 :at y h le>n$ ab\t ^! ?+s4 ,take ! re9s 9 ! left h&1 ! ne> re9 ov] ! second f+]1 ! (f re9 betwe5 ! ?ird & f\r? f+]4 ,no matt] :at ! vehicle is1 take ! :ip ) y :5 y get into x4 ,! :ip 9 ! socket is 9 ! way1 & ! :ip %\ld be almo/ z con/antly 9 ! h&s z ! re9s anyway1 s t x is bett] to beg9 ) ! :ip :]e x belongs4 ,!n place ! re9s 9 ! "r h& ) ! :ip1 m\nt to y\r place1 take y\r seat quickly1 *ange ! re9s back into ! left h&1 see t !y are ab\t ! "r l5g? )\t feel+ y\r horse's m\?1 :i* w\ld make him />t be=e y are ready1 & y are ready to s5d y\r fir/ telegram to y\r horse4 ,d x discreetly1 g5tly1 & if y are n :]e y\r voice w di/urb o!r horses1 add a ^w ( "s k9d1 pref]ably a signal n 9 common use betwe5 m5 & horses4 ,a horse le>ns quickly to recognize1 & does n =get1 8 own]'s voice4 ,t voice enc\rages1 soo!s1 or comm&s him4 ,b :]e y are driv+ ) or surr\nd$ by o!rs1 ! use ( y\r voice 9 ! well-kn[n click or *irrup w\ld di/urb all ! horses & coa*m5 ab\t y4 ,x is easy to accu/om y\r own horses to any phrase3 ,come on n[1 ,look alive1 or ev5 ,:at's ! matt]8 :i* conveys no message to o!r horses & at ! same "t r\ses y\r own4 ,! writ] has an intimate acqua9tance ) sev]al horses :o w />t into action at he>+ ,come on n[1 9 a well-kn[n voice4 ,no?+ is m disagreeable at a railway /ation1 9 a hurly-burly ( traps & horses1 ?an ! click+ & cluck+ & snapp+ ( :ips1 :i*1 :ile meant = "o or two horses1 di/urb half a doz54 ,two-?irds ( ! coa*m5 on private c>riages cat* sight ( _! ma/]s1 flap ! horses ) ! re9s1 sw+ ! :ip1 & *irrup2 & yet !y w\ld be surpris$ to be told t !y d n "k ! rudim5ts ( driv+4 ,no?+ smacks m ( ! f>m] ?an a man :o1 beh9d y1 or pass+ y1 or /&+ ne> y & wi%+ to />t1 clicks or clucks to 8 horse1 />t+ y\r horse up at ! same "t4 ,a man :o _c />t "o1 two1 or f\r horses ) 8 h&s1 & )\t a hullabaloo ( noise1 is unwor?y to sit beh9d horses at all4 ,if y\r horses are new to y\r /able1 or awkw>d & untra9$1 feel ! m\? g5tly1 & if ?is is n und]/ood or is misund]/ood1 use ! :ip g5tly & make y\r />t 9 t way4 ,! p]fection ( />t+ is to h ! horse feel 8 bit on 8 b>s almo/ exactly at ! mom5t 8 %\ld]s feel ! coll>--a fraction ( a lightn+ /roke aft]1 to be exact4 ,:5 y are ready to />t ei!r out ( ! /able or f ! door1 h ! man /& cle>4 ,no lead+ ( ! horse =w>d1 no pull+ at bit or nose-b&2 give ! horse a *ance to le>n :at y want ( him )\t puzzl+ him ) a v>iety ( signals4 ,x is a little ahead ( "t to speak ( x "h1 b1 le/ we =get1 x may be m5tion$ at once4 ,nev] all[ ! groom or grooms to /op y\r horse or horses1 :e!r "o1 two1 or f\r1 :5 y drive into ! /able4 ,?is makes horses re/less1 makes !m back1 slide1 or kick1 & 9 ! case ( a f\r may result 9 a g5]al mix-up4 ,/op y\r horses gradually1 ) voice & re9s1 b /op !m y\rself4 ,!y h come 9 f ! drive m or less accu/om$ to y\r h&s & ways1 accord+ z y are m or less pr(ici5t1 & a r\gh h& on bit or nose1 & an app>ition 9 front ( !m1 ought to1 & g5]ally does1 upset !m4 ,besides all ?is y ought to1 & !y ought to "k h[ to /op prop]ly1 & )\t fuss or flurry exactly :5 & :]e y wi% !m to1 ev5 if x be on ! cem5t floor ( y\r /able entrance4 ,! re9s %\ld be held ) ! ne> re9 betwe5 ! ?umb & fir/ f+]1 ! (f re9 betwe5 ! ?ird & f\r? f+]s4 ,hold y\r h& s t y\r knuckles1 turn$ t[>d y\r horse1 & ! buttons on y\r wai/coat1 w make two p>allel l9es up & d[n ) ! h& ?ree or f\r in*es f ! body4 ,! re9s %\ld be clasp$1 or held by ! two l[]1 or f\r? & fif? f+]s2 ! second f+] %\ld po9t /raight across & upw>d en\gh to keep ! ne> re9 ov] ! knuckle ( t f+] & ! ?umb po9t+ 9 ! same direction1 b n s mu* upw>d4 ,! re9s are held1 n by squeez+ !m on _! flat surface1 b by pressure on _! edges4 ,! edges1 9 a ^w1 be+ held betwe5 ! two la/ f+]s & ! root ( ! ?umb4 ,?is arrangem5t makes a flexible jo9t1 ! wri/1 = ! re9s & = ! bit to play ^u4 ,?is suppl5ess ( ! wri/1 j en\gh & n too mu*1 is :at is call$ h&s4 ,x means1 t y\r wri/ gives j en\gh play to ! horse's m\? to enable him to feel y\r influ5ce1 )\t be+ ei!r confus$ or hamp]$ by x4 ,z ?is is ! key to p]fection 9 all driv+1 ev]ybody claims to possess x2 only ! elect few h x4 ,practically ev]ybody c le>n to play ! piano or ! viol91 or to write tol]able v]ses2 only a v few1 inde$1 ev] atta9 to supreme comm& ov] ^! in/rum5ts1 or ov] ! music ( words4 ,tra9+ & tea*+ may accompli% mu* & make fair or ev5 excell5t p]=m]s2 b beyond t x is div9e grace1 born n made1 giv5 n atta9$4 ,! same is true ( driv+3 y may be "o ( ! elect1 b if y are1 y belong to a society z small z t ( ! ,knights ( ! ,g>t]1 & y ne$ n be va91 s9ce x 0 no h>d "w ( y\rs1 b an end[m5t4 ,x is a comb9ation ( physical & m5tal traits1 a quickness ( connection betwe5 n]ve & bra9 & muscle1 t may be cultivat$ & improv$ 9 all m51 b :i* rea*es p]fection only 9 ! few4 ,corbett1 9 ,an ,old ,coa*man's ,*att]1 says1 ,ev5 = a good amateur to acquire pr(essional /yle requires two ye>s av]ag+ eighty miles a day1 ) a fair am\nt ( night "w4 ,a p]si/5t man may d mu*4 ,he may le>n to write excell5t v]se1 ) no hope ( ev] be+ a poet2 he may le>n to jump high] ?an ! av]age1 )\t ! slighte/ prospect ( do+ six feet1 six & a half in*es1 :i* ?us f> has only be5 done by "o man 9 ! _w2 he may le>n to run1 or swim1 or speak1 b ! heights ( ! unexcell$ are n = him4 ,?is mu* ought to be said ab\t driv+ at ! />t4 ,y may read books f n[ till doomsday1 & y may practise1 & y w und\bt$ly become an excell5t & tru/wor?y coa*man1 f> above ! av]age1--n a difficult atta9m5t1 by ! way1--b to h ?is magic ( h&s is n1 ,i believe1 atta9able except to ^? end[$ physically & m5tally ) peculi> p[]s1 9 peculi> comb9ation4 ,x is because ev]ybody ?9ks he kn[s h[ to drive1 simply because he c /e] quadrup$s ) /eel 9 _! m\?s1 t ?is po9t is emphasiz$4 ,no "o ne$ neglect ?is sport on ! gr\nd t ! vision & ! atta9m5t are limit$2 !y are n1 & to mo/ m5 ev5 confid5t compet5ce is d5i$1 n to speak ( ?is virtuosity ( h&s4 ,n[ t y are 9 y\r seat ) ! re9s z !y %\ld be1 betwe5 ! ?umb & second & betwe5 ! ?ird & f\r? f+]s ( y\r left h&1 wri/ prop]ly b5t1 & 9 a suffici5tly humble & docile /ate ( m9d1 y %\ld notice :y ! re9s are sep>at$ by two f+]s in/ead ( "o1 & :y ! ne> re9 is kept s f> z possible ov] ! knuckle ( ! second f+]4 ,j z ! wri/ makes play backw>d & =w>d1 s ?is sep>ation ( ! re9s enables y to make play sideways or across ! horse's m\?4 ,by turn+ y\r h& t[>d y1 s t ! knuckles1 in/ead ( fac+ ! horse1 face ! sky1 y %ort5 t upp] re91 ! ne> re91 & y\r horse goes ov] to ! left1 or ne> side4 ,by turn+ y\r h& j ! o!r way & br++ x across to ! left hip1 y %ort5 ! (f re9 & turn y\r horse to ! "r4 ,all done ) "o h&1 y /ill h ! o!r = y\r :ip1 to r5d] any assi/ance ne$$4 ,!re are scores ( times :5 to /e] y\r horse1 & /ill to h ! "r h& free1 means n m]ely conv5i5ce1 b safety4 ,x is a peculi>ity ( driv+ t x is almo/ ! "o sport 9 :i* ! sportsman is ! cu/odian (1 & responsible =1 o!r p4 ,a man rides1 %oots1 & does o!r dang]\s ?+s alone1 b n9e times out ( t5 he drives ) o!rs alongside ( him4 ,x is d\bly necess>y1 !re=e1 t he %\ld "k 8 bus9ess ?or\ghly1 &1 if he is to make a practice ( driv+ o!rs1 t he %\ld sp>e no pa9s to "k all t he c4 ,! fact t ! left h& is held z direct$ keeps ! re9s secure1 & keeps !m secure ) ! lea/ possible ex]tion4 ,z ?is position ( ! h&1 wri/1 & f+]s is a little awkw>d at fir/ to ! beg9n]1 mo/ driv+ is done ) ! wri/ n held across ! body1 b po9t+ t[>d ! horse1 ) ! ?umb held ov] ! re9s z a sort ( clip & po9t+ also t[>d ! horse4 ,! re9s held 9 ?is fa%ion are ( necessity insecure & =ev] slipp+ =w>d1 & !re is no lev]age ( wri/ = ! horse's m\?1 b a /raight pull f an out/ret*$ arm4 ,"o (t5 he>s ! comm5t t "o _c z easily hold a horse ?is way z ) ! re9s1 say 9 bo? h&s4 ,t is exactly ! secret ( x4 ,x is j s t y _c keep a dead pull on ! poor brute's m\? t ?is position is ! ideal "o4 ,y don't want to pull y\r horse1 b to drive him4 ,mo/ driv+1 by ! way1 seems to h z its c5tral feature h[ to /op him1 r ?an h[ to make him g pleasantly2 h[ to get ! quicke/ & %>pe/ j]k on 8 m\? 9 case ( tr\ble1 r ?an h[ to ex]t ! lea/ possible pressure t w comm& ob$i5ce4 ,) a well-bitt$ horse1 y %\ld be able to make figure eights by mov+ ! left h& z direct$ )\t t\*+ ! re9s ) ! "r h& at all4 ,! position ( ! hir$ coa*man on ! box ( a ,victoria or br\gham ^! days is a ludicr\s "o = ! reason t mo/ ( !m1 & evid5tly _! ma/]s1 "k no?+ ( ! reason = t position4 ,x 0 int5d$ by balanc+ ! coa*man ?us to prev5t 8 putt+ great weight on ! re9s1 z he might d if 8 feet & legs /uck out 9 front ( him & 8 h&s 7 held at arm's l5g?4 ,x is well & prop] t he %\ld be balanc$ on 8 seat ) 8 back holl[$ 91 8 elb[s at 8 side1 8 h& across & 9 front ( him2 b tuck+ 8 legs & feet back & way und]nea? him defeats ! :ole plan by =c+ him to hold on by ! re9s1 :i* is j :at x 0 hop$ to avoid4 ,8 feet & legs1 z 9 ! case ( ! g5tleman coa*man1 %\ld be at su* an angle 9 front ( him t he has a p]fectly easy balance & some?+ to brace aga9/ 9 case he ne$s to ex]t extra p[]4 ,on a lady's light ,victoria1 ) no?+ b ! n>r[ foot-bo>d 9 front ( him1 a coa*man 9 ?is new-fangl$ position is n only a figure ( fun1 b he is also 9 grave dang] ( accid5t4 ,?is monkey-on-a-/ick attitude is a blund]+ mis9t]pretation ( a p]fectly s5sible rule4 ,s f> z ! amateur coa*man is conc]n$1 he %\ld sit /raight1 ) 8 back s holl[$ t he c balance easily on 8 hips1 n on ! edge (1 b on ! cu%ion1 ) 8 feet & legs at a com=table angle1 & )\t t look ( go+ out aft] ! re9s "o s (t5 sees--a c>e-worn1 b5t-ov] position1 z ?\gh ! re9s 7 slid+ away1 nev] to reappe>4 ,/>t out mod]ately1 keep y\r horse at an ev5 pace1 & come 9 t[>d ! end ( y\r j\rney aga9 at a mod]ate pace4 ,a horse is n sav$ by do+ t5 miles 9 two h\rs in/ead ( "o4 ,on ! contr>y1 x takes less out ( a horse to make him d 8 j\rney at a sm>t gait r ?an to dawdle4 ,y may h notic$ y\rself t a brisk two h\rs' walk takes f> less out ( y ?an ! /&+ ar\nd1 ! /opp+ & />t+1 & ! g5]al dawdl+ ( two h\rs' %opp+4 ,"h aga9 ! size ( ! horse's /oma* %\ld help to solve ! problem ( h[ fa/ & h[ f>4 ,x is bett] t he %\ld d 8 task at a brisk pace & get back to 8 rub d[n1 8 meal1 & 8 re/1 ?an t he %\ld be jogg$ = a long "t at a /ret*4 ,ev5 :5 x is necess>y to keep him go+ & to keep him away f 8 /able = an undue numb] ( h\rs1 :i* mu/ sometimes happ51 he %\ld be giv5 a %ort re/ & a small meal ( s(t food2 ?is w make all ! diff]5ce betwe5 ov] fatigue t may result s]i\sly1 & fatigue easily cur$ by prop] re/4 ,a horse work$ at regul> h\rs1 & regul>ly & prop]ly f$1 is ?ree-qu>t]s ( ! way t[>d be+ & keep+ 9 good condition4 ,j z he %\ld be />t$ quietly1 s he %\ld be /opp$ quietly4 ,x is n ! m>k ( good driv+ to br+ y\r "o horse1 or y\r team1 up to ! /opp+-place at a quick pace1 & !n to pull up ) a j]k--! horse's head 9 ! air1 8 m\? op5 because he has be5 jabb$ by ! bit1 ! %afts po9t+ up1 ! bree*+ tight1 & ! horse almo/ on 8 haun*es4 ,?is k9d ( /opp+ takes m out ( a horse ?an a mile ( h>d "w4 ,beg9 to /op "s "t be=e y /op4 ,%ort5 y\r re9s1 decrease y\r pace1 & :e!r x is driv+ 9 ! traffic ( ! /reet or at y\r own door1 sl[ up gradually4 ,y c tell ) c]ta9ty :e!r a man kn[s 8 bus9ess by ! way he />ts & /ops4 ,if y h /opp$ z y %\ld1 ! horse is n sitt+ 9 ! bree*+1 ) 8 coll> slid+ t[>d ! top ( 8 head2 b horse & vehicle are /opp$1 & yet ! horse & ! vehicle & h>ness are all 9 position to g on aga9 )\t a j]k4 ,?is is ( ! utmo/ importance 9 driv+ 9 ! city /reets1 :]e y may f9d y\rself 9 s]i\s tr\ble if1 ?r\gh inatt5tion1 y h driv5 well into tr\ble1 be=e plann+ to /op4 ,y\r horse's nose1 or y\r pole1 has pok$ into ano!r horse or vehicle1 or y are oblig$ to pull up s sudd5ly t y ?r[ y\r horse1 or horses d[n4 ,9 ,am]ica1 :]e we turn to ! "r1 pull well ov] to y\r own side & sl[ d[n be=e y get to ! /reet corn] ar\nd :i* y wi% to g1 :e!r to ! "r or left4 ,leave ample room = ano!r vehicle to pass1 ev5 ?\gh y %\ld meet j at ! turn4 ,_m horses1 awkw>dly en\gh1 get _! legs cross$ :5 turn+1 & on slipp]y pavem5ts1 :]e ! pull up & ! pull r\nd come at ! same "t1 a horse is v apt to /umble1 & ev5 to fall4 ,because y h turn$ _m corn]s )\t accid5t is no reason = n tak+ pa9s4 ,_m "y coa*m5 escape p]ils ?r\gh %e] ignorance1 b p]si/5ce 9 error & inatt5tion br+ _! puni%m5t soon] or lat]1 & ! horse sk9s 8 knees1 or slides "u ! %afts 9 a cr[d1 or kicks & hamm]s h>ness & trap to bits4 ,x is too late !n to rememb] to keep an eye out = :at is go+ on ahead ( y1 to turn corn]s c>efully1 & to slack5 spe$ gradually1 & n all at once4 ,x is a safe rule 9 turn+ a corn] to turn only :5 ! hub ( y\r front :eel has rea*$ ! l9e t ! curb w\ld make if prolong$1 !n !re is no dang] ( runn+ on to or aga9/ ! corn] itself4 ,ev5 :5 turn+ a corn] to ! "r1 & y are close to ! curb1 ?is rule1 if obey$1 w keep bo? front & back :eels cle>4 ,if ?is is n done1 ! back :eel1 & sometimes bo?1 g rubb+ ar\nd ! curb/one1 :i*1 aside f ! slov5l9ess ( ! p]=mance1 is damag+ to ! :eel1 & rack+ to e bolt 9 ! c>riage4 ,if 9 ! c\ntry1 :]e (t5 a l>ge /one m>ks ! angle ( ! turn1 to hit ?is /one or to g ov] x is (t5 to g ov] altoge!r4 ,! safe/ & quicke/ way to %ort5 ! re9s1 :5 x mu/ be done 9 a p9*1 is to pull !m ?r\gh f beh9d4 ,if !re are two re9s1 grasp !m betwe5 ! ?umb & second f+] ( ! "r h&1 op5 ! f+]s ( ! left h& en\gh to let !m run ?r\gh1 %ort5 !m to ! requir$ l5g?1 & take y\r grip on !m aga91 ) ! f+]s ( ! left h&4 ,e man f9ds1 n[ & !n1 ei!r ?r\gh ! fooli% driv+ ( "s "o else1 or ?r\gh unavoidable accid5t1 t he mu/ %ort5 8 re9s quickly1 & )\t risk ( dropp+ "o4 ,"u ^? circum/ances ! be/ way is to pull !m ?r\gh f beh9d1 ?\gh su* exig5cies occur b seldom ) a c>eful driv]4 ,"u ord9>y circum/ances ! be/ & g5tle/ way is to place ! "r h& on ! re9s1 9 front ( ! left1 ) ?umb & f+] ov] ne> re9 & la/ ?ree f+]s ov] (f re91 & slide ! left up ! re9s ! requir$ di/ance4 ,"h aga9 x is ! m>k ( ! c>eful driv] t he nev] seems to be oblig$ to d ?+s 9 a hurry4 ,:5 x is necess>y to /op1 he has already %ort5$ up 8 re9s1 & is ready to /op4 ,:5 x is necess>y to turn a corn]1 he has already advis$ 8 horse by giv+ him ! (fice1 & ! corn] is negotiat$ ) sc>cely ! movem5t ( ! h&s4 ,:5 x is "t to />t1 ! horse seems to h be5 in=m$ via ! re9s & bit1 & (f he goes )\t a j]k4 ,9 pass+ o!r vehicles f beh9d1 pass to _! left4 ,d n pass at all unless y are go+ at a quick] pace1 & propose to ma9ta9 x4 ,to turn %ort across ano!r man's horse1 & !n g on at ! same pace he is go+1 is ! v]ie/ & vulg>e/ rud5ess4 ,! only excuse = pass+ is t y are mak+ fa/] "t ?an he is1 & t y propose to keep x up4 ,drive ) "o h&4 ,9 ! %[ r+1 :]e horses mu/ %[ pace 9 a small r+1 use ! "r h& on ! (f re94 ,x gives bett] control1 & keeps ! horse /eadi]4 ,keep ! "r h& cauti\sly ne>1 t y may use x to %ort5 ! re9s1 to /eady ! horse1 or to add =ce :5 ! left h& is n suffici5t4 ,c>ry y\r :ip po9t+ upw>ds1 & slightly to ! left1 say t[>d ! left e> ( y\r horse1 9 driv+ "o4 ,/>t sl[ly1 drive at ! same pace1 once y are />t$2 x saves ! horse1 & is f> m agreeable to ! pass5g]s4 ,pull up gradually4 ,turn corn]s sl[ly1 & d n />t to turn too soon4 ,be cont9u\sly c>eful to keep y\r horse's m\? fre%1 by giv+ & tak+ betwe5 y\r h& & 8 m\?1 ) j en\gh pressure to keep him in=m$ t y are beh9d him1 & no m4 ,if y hang on to 8 m\?1 be sure t he w end by pull+ y\r arms out4 ,if y use ! :ip on him1 d n tap him cont9ually1 or flick him1 "h & !re1 f "t to "t1 out ( %e] idl5ess & inconsequ5ce2 b if y use x1 d x s t ! horse kn[s x is puni%m5t & n play2 o!rwise y wa/e ! b5efit to be d]iv$ f ! :ip1 by accu/om+ ! horse to ?9k t 9 y\r use ( ! :ip y are m]ely play+ ) him4 ,above all1 keep a good look\t ahead1 & if y h a horse t is wor? driv+ at all1 y may be sure t x is also wor? y\r :ile to keep an eye on him all ! "t4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,driv+ ,a ,,pair ,s mu* dep5ds ^u ! com=t ( ! horse 9 8 h>ness t x is well wor? ! own]'s "t & att5tion to le>n h[ ! h>ness %\ld be put on1 h[ ! horses %\ld be put to1 & !n to see t bo? are done prop]ly4 ,! coll> goes on fir/1 & :]e horses are work$ h>d1 & regul>ly1 z 9 a road coa* or on a driv+ t\r1 x is well to put ! coll>s on1 & leave !m on a few mom5ts be=e ! re/ ( ! h>ness+ is done4 ,! coll> ?us gets w>m aga9/ ! neck1 & !re is t mu* less dang] ( rubb+ & *af+ ! sk91 & mak+ a bad />t4 ,! usual cu/om is to put ! coll> on ) ! hames atta*$4 ,x is bett] to fa/5 ! hames ab\t ! coll> aft] ! coll> is on ! horse1 ?us avoid+ ! t5d5cy to squeeze ! coll> on ov] 8 head4 ,aft] ! saddle is on1 ! crupp] "u ! tail1 & ! saddle-gir? loosely buckl$ to keep ! saddle 9 place1 !n is ! "t to tight5 up ! hames4 ,! traces are cross$ ov] ! back ( ea* horse ) ! outside trace on top4 ,! bridle is !n put on1 & ! re9s drawn ?r\gh ! pad-t]rets1 & ! outside or draught re9 buckl$ to ! bit1 ! inside or c\pl+ re9 fa/5$ to ! nose-b& und]nea? by pass+ ! billet ?r\gh ! loop1 b )\t buckl+ x4 ,!n take ! re91 d\ble x1 pass ! bight ( x ?r\gh ! t]ret1 ) ! loop ov] ! be>+-re9 hook4 ,! horses are n[ ready to be l$ out by ! nose-b&1 n by ! bit1 & put to4 ,br+ ! horses up f beh9d alongside ! pole1 r ?an t[>d ! pole1 :5 !y mu/ be turn$1 & pu%$ up to ! pole4 ,once !re1 fa/5 !m to ! pole1 & buckle ! pole-/rap at ! end hole1 ! ne> horse fir/1 !n ! (f horse4 ,next fa/5 ! traces1 ! outside "o always fir/4 ,?is seems awkw>d1 & l do+ ?+s upside d[n4 ,! reason = x1 h[ev]1 is all-suffici5t4 ,if ! inside trace is put on fir/1 ! horse may1 (t5 does1 9 fact1 edge out f ! pole at ! t\* ( some?+ on ! pole side ( him1 & !re is a /ruggle to get him back s t ! outside trace may be put on4 ,?is may upset ! o!r horse1 & tr\ble foll[s4 ,"h1 & at all o!r times1 rememb] t 9 deal+ ) horses1 "u e & all conditions1 a /it* 9 "t saves at lea/ eighte54 ,!re=e put ! outside trace on fir/1 !n ! inside trace1 !n proce$ to pole up y\r horses1 t is to say1 put y\r pole-pieces ?r\gh ! kidney-l9k f ! inside out1 & tight5 !m up to :at y consid] ! prop] l5g?4 ,?is adju/m5t is a v nice "o1 & c only be done accurately by "o :o1 :5 driv+1 notes c>efully ! effect ^u pole1 pole-pieces1 & coll>s1 ( a hole m or less4 ,! horses %\ld n c>ry ! pole1 ?r\gh be+ pol$ too tight2 nei!r %\ld ! pole g bobb+ ab\t1 ?r\gh be+ pol$ too loose4 ,ov] r\gh roads1 horses %\ld be pol$ up r loosely1 to give play to ! pole2 o!rwise1 e j> w sw+ & bump ! :ole vehicle4 ,9 p>k driv+1 or driv+ ov] smoo? roads1 !y may be pol$ up m closely4 ,! m compact are horses1 vehicle1 & coa*man act+ toge!r z "o1 ! m easily & smoo?ly ev]y?+ goes2 b ?is is n to be int]pret$ z approval ( pol+ up horses s tight t !y are c>ry+ ! pole1 & are cramp$ & imp$$4 ,pole-pieces ( lea!r1 or *a9s1 are a matt] ( cu/om4 ,no vehicle has *a9s :]e ! coa*man drives2 :ile a mail-phaeton1 or lady's phaeton1 :]e ! ma/] or mi/ress drives1 usually has *a9s r ?an lea!r4 ,an au?ority to be dep5d$ ^u always 9 su* matt]s1 writes3 ,pole *a9s %\ld be us$ only on a c>riage driv5 by ! ma/] or mi/ress1 su* z a coa*1 mail-phaeton1 or lady's phaeton2 nev] on a c>riage driv5 by a coa*man1 su* z a l&au1 c\p1 or ,victoria1 :5 /raps %\ld be us$4 ,?is is a cu/om bas$ ^u ! fact t ! work+ orig9als ( coa*es & mail-phaetons _h *a9s2 an adh]5ce to x m>ks ! diff]5ce betwe5 well turn$ out & badly turn$ out vehicles4 ,bo? brea/plates & pole-pieces %\ld g1 ! =m] r\nd bo? coll> & hames1 & ! latt] r\nd ! coll> & ?r\gh ! kidney-l9k r+ & n ?r\gh ! r+ alone2 o!rwise ! small /rap at ! top ( ! coll> hold+ ! hames toge!r is ! only safegu>d1 & %\ld ?is break1 away goes y\r pole1 & probably y\r horses4 ,b ?is precaution is only necess>y 9 heavy "w4 ,! brea/plate holds ev5 if ! hame-/rap breaks1 & to put ! pole-/raps ar\nd ! coll> *afes ! horse's neck4 ,aft] ! horses are pol$ up & _! traces fa/5$1 ! c\pl+-re9s are fa/5$ to ! bits4 ,c]ta9 writ]s on ! subject advise buckl+ ! c\pl+-re9s fir/ ( all4 ,! writ] has no criticism to pass ^u ?is1 except t exp]i5ce %[s t fa/5+ two horses toge!r by ! head1 & !n go+ to _! heels = ! traces1 (t5 works badly4 ,z long z !y are fa/5$ toge!r by _! coll>s to ! pole x is n a matt] ( mu* mom5t anyway4 ,x is a matt] = "o's own judgm5t & exp]i5ce r ?an ( fix$ law4 ,all ! o!r matt]s ( prec$5ce & proc$ure 9 h>ness+ h a rational sanction :i* makes !m imp]ative4 ,! re9s are buckl$ toge!r on ! (f side &1 z 9 ! case ( ea* s+le re91 ! bight ( !m pass$ ?r\gh ! (f pad-t]ret ( ! (f horse & loop$ ov] ! be>+-re9 hook4 ,y\r pair is n[ ready = y\r inspection2 ?is done1 & z y are ab\t to take ! re9s1 ! be>+-re9s are put on _! hooks4 ,9 ! case ( gre5 or n]v\s horses x is well to />t !m (f fir/1 fa/5+ ! be>+-re9s z !y move (f1 & ?us avoid jibb+1 back+1 & ev5 re>+ 9 ! /able4 ,take ! re9s 9 ! "r h& ) ! middle f+] betwe5 !m1 see t ! buckles ( bo? re9s are ! same l5g? f y\r h&1 pull bo? re9s out "s t5 in*es1 !n give ! (f re9 a few in*es m1 get y\r :ip 9 y\r h&1 m\nt to y\r seat1 sit d[n1 put y\r re9s 9 y\r left h& ) ! index & middle f+] betwe5 !m1 & y w f9d y\rself ) bo? re9s ( ab\t ! same l5g? & ( ab\t ! "r l5g?4 ,ano!r measure ( ! prop] l5g? ( ! re9s be=e m\nt+ is to hold ! re9s 9 ! left h&1 /ep back until y are on a l9e ) ! horse's hocks1 hold+ ! left h& close to ! body4 ,:5 seat$ ! re9s w be ( ! "r l5g? 7,plate ,,xxix474 ,always ask if ev]y?+ is "r be=e y feel ! m\?s ( ! horses4 ,! groom may be j putt+ on a la/ t\*1 or he may be look+ ! o!r way1 z y give ! signal to />t1 & !re foll[s a lame foot1 or ev5 a knock-d[n2 & s mu* dep5ds ^u a fair />t t x is wor? "s pa9s to get x4 ,! :ip %\ld be held at ! place :]e ! f]rule goes r\nd ! h&le1 z all good :ip-mak]s make _! :ips to balance at t po9t 7,plate ,,xxix474 ,! knees & feet %\ld be toge!r2 ! feet n pok$ out z ?\gh y 7 /&+ on !m1 nor tuck$ "u y z ?\gh y 7 a%am$ ( !m4 ,y w balance bett] if y sit /raight ) y\r back holl[$ 9 at ! small ( x4 ,to l5g!n or %ort5 ! re9s put ! "r h& on ! re9s 9 front ( ! left ) ! little & f\r? f+] on ! "r h& or (f re91 leav+ ! left h& or ne> re9 betwe5 ! f\r? & middle f+]s1 & ! ?umb & index f+] ov] ! same--! ne> re9 7,plate ,,xxix474 ,y may %ort5 ! re9s n[1 by j s mu*1 z y place ! "r h& 9 front ( ! left1 by slid+ ! left h& up to ! "r1 & tak+ y\r grip aga94 ,x is be/ to d ?is gradually1 tak+ 9 a little ( ! re9s at a "t1 r ?an by tak+ t5 or twelve in*es at a "t4 ,:e!r x be ! left or ! "r h& t is 9 front1 ! h& 9 front %\ld = ! "t be+ hold ! re9s4 ,nev]1 "u any circum/ances1 get ! ?umb "u ! ne> re9 nor ! little f+] "u ! (f re91 a v common & faulty practice4 ,! reason be+ t 9 su* a situation y\r "r h& is hamp]$ 9 mov+ quickly1 by hav+ ! ?umb "u ! re91 y\r left h& likewise by hav+ ! little f+] "u in/ead ( on top ( ! re94 ,z all ^! movem5ts %\ld be made me*anically1 )\t look+ at ! re9s1 ! f+]s %\ld be s plac$ & kept t !re is no mix+ up 9 ! process4 ,! "r h& inde$ %\ld d its f+]+ ( ! re9s z quickly & accurately z a practis$ pian(orte play] picks out & /rikes 8 notes4 ,9 /opp+1 place ! "r h& on ! re9s f eight to t5 in*es 9 front ( ! left1 z describ$ above1 press ! "r h& 9 t[>d ! body :ile rais+ ! left h&4 ,if ?is is n en\gh1 hold ! re9s 9 ! "r h&1 pass ! left 9 front1 & take 9 m re91 ! "r com+ =w>d aga9 to ! front place4 ,9 an em]g5cy1 x is always safe/ to pull ! re9s ?r\gh f beh9d ) ! "r h& 7,plate ,,xxix474 ,to ! inexp]i5c$ ?is is quick] & saf]1 :e!r ) two re9s or f\r4 ,9 driv+ a pair ( road/]s1 s call$1 !y are put to ) _! heads f> ap>t1 & bitt$ ) pla9 snaffle-bits4 ,su* a pair mu/ be driv5 ) two h&s1 "o re9 9 ea* h&1 9 ord] to keep an ev5 pressure ^u _! m\?s4 ,be=e y h gone v f> along a /raight road y w notice1 unless y are driv+ a ?or\ghly made1 mann]$1 & prop]ly put toge!r pair1 t "o horse does m "w ?an ! o!r1 or t "o horse seems to be 9 front ( ! o!r4 ,?is is caus$ by ! =mation ( ! horses1 ! l5g? ( ! traces1 ! c\pl+-re9s4 ,traces /ret* ) we>1 & :5 ?is has become app>5t1 ! %ort] traces %\ld be us$ on ! inside2 if !y are on ! outside1 x is easy to see t ?is w put ! pull on ! coll> :]e x %\ld n be1 & gall ! %\ld]s4 ,! lazi] or %ort] horse %\ld be 9 %ort] traces4 ,z to ! c\pl+-re9s1 ?is is1 /range to say & to see1 a "p ( ! h>ness t _m driv]s ( horses nev] exam9e1 & nev] alt]1 any m ?an !y ?9k ( try+ to *ange ! diamet] ( _! :eels4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! c\pl+-re9s are ! key to ! problem ( driv+ a pair or a f\r com=tably4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxix4--,,driv+ ,a ,,pair ,if y w exam9e a pair ( two-horse re9s1 y w notice t !y are j l ! two re9s = "o horse--"o re9 goes on ! outside ( ! bit ( "o horse1 & "o goes on ! outside ( ! bit ( ! o!r horse4 ,^! are call$ ! draught-re9s4 ,b !re is a m>k$ diff]5ce1 = on ea* ( ^! re9s is buckl$ ano!r re91 call$ ! c\pl+-re92 ! "o on ! left re9 goes ov] & is buckl$ on ! inside ( ! bit ( ! "r-h& horse1 & ! c\pl+-re9 ( ! "r re9 goes ov] & is buckl$ on ! inside ( ! bit ( ! left-h& or ne> horse4 ,9 buckl+ ^! c\pl+-re9s to ! bits1 if "o horse is m up-head$ ?an ! o!r1 let 8 c\pl+-re9 be on top1 s t he w n annoy ! o!r horse by j]k+ up ! o!r's c\pl+-re94 ,! adju/m5t ( ^! re9s %\ld be suit$ to ! con=mation & disposition ( ! horses1 & x is 9 ?is adju/m5t t ! exp]i5c$ :ip makes himself & 8 horses com=table1 by mak+ !m g toge!r1 & g level4 ,no two horses suit ea* o!r exactly z to l5g? ( body or neck1 or ! way ( c>ry+ ! head1 & yet y may see doz5s ( pairs ( re9s :]e ! c\pl+-re9 buckles h app>5tly nev] be5 *ang$6 ,! buckles ( ! c\pl+-re9s %\ld be ne> en\gh to ! h& 9 pair or f\r driv+--say eighte5 in*es--to enable "o to *ange ! c\pl+s f ! driv+-cu%ion4 ,9 mo/ h>nesses !re are two or ?ree holes 9 ! billet t buckles to ! bit1 s t ! l5g? may be *ang$ also at ! bit4 ,!re are argum5ts = & aga9/ ?is practice ( hav+ holes 9 ! billet4 ,x is said t ?is makes x easy to *ange a c\pl+ f ! gr\nd2 on ! o!r h&1 an ignorant groom may make ! *ange !re unkn[n to ! coa*man1 & ?us cause confusion4 ,take y\r *oice6 ,! object ( ^! two inside1 or c\pl+1 re9s is to hold ! horses toge!r1 at ! head1 ( c\rse1 & !y %\ld be s adju/$ t an ev5 pressure is br\ght to be> on bo? sides ( ! horses' m\?s1 s t !y w g /raight1 & d ea* 8 %>e ( ! "w4 ,if horses 7 all alike1 x w\ld be easy en\gh to buckle ^! c\pl+-re9s 9 ! same hole on ea* draught-re91 & y\r horses w\ld be level4 ,b suppose we h two horses1 "o ( :i*1 ! ne> horse1 c>ries 8 head high] ?an ! o!r & out f>!r ?an ! o!r4 ,if ^! two are to g level1 ! ne> horse mu/ h 8 re9s long] ?an ^? ( 8 mate4 ,up & d[n ! draught-re9s are pun*$ "s fifte5 holes 9 f\r-9-h& h>ness1 few] 9 pair-horse h>ness1 & an in* ap>t1 & ! c\pl+-re9s c be buckl$ long] or %ort] by buckl+ up & d[n ^! re9s4 ,9 ! case we are describ+1 we mu/ ( c\rse let out ! c\pl+-re9 ( ! up-head$1 ne> side horse1 say ?ree holes1 & 7rememb] t ! ne> side c\pl+-re9 is ! "o buckl$ on to ! (f side draught-re9 & vice v]sa7 take up ! ne> side c\pl+-re9 ! same numb]4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ 9 ?is op]ation1 h[ev]1 t ! %ort5+ ( ! c\pl+-re9 br+s ! horses' heads ne>] toge!r1 & if !y 7 go+ prop]ly1 p>allel to ! pole1 & at ! "r di/ance ap>t1 be=e "o c\pl+-re9 0 %ort5$1 !n1 if ?is relative position to "o ano!r is to be ma9ta9$1 ! o!r c\pl+-re9 mu/ be let out an equal numb] ( holes4 ,illu/ration ,:5 ! horses are work+ exactly alike1 ! re9s are z %[n by ! heavy l9es2 ,a & ,b are ! two sides ( ! (f horse's bit1 & ,c & ,d ! two sides ( ! ne> horse's bit4 ,! two outside or draught re9s run /raight to ! coa*man's h&1 viz4 ,,am & ,,dn4 ,! c\pl+-re9s are ,,cm & ,,bn1 buckl$ to ! draught-re9s ,m & ,n4 ,if ! (f horse b5ds 8 neck s z to br+ 8 head ne>] to 8 body1 bo? ! re9s :i* run to 8 bit w be too slack1 & he w run =w>d & d m ?an 8 %>e ( ! "w1 :ile ! ne> horse is held back4 ,to prev5t ?is ! (f horse's c\pl+-re9 to ,,bn is %ort5$ by runn+ x up ! draught-re9 to ,n'1 ! la/ hole1 until x comes j tight to ! bit2 b ?is obvi\sly leaves ! (f draught-re9 ,,am z slack z x 0 be=e1 s t ! coa*man has to draw 8 h& back to br+ x to be> ^u ! bit at ,a'4 ,9 s do+ he draws back ! c\pl+-re9 ,,cm & pulls ! head ( ! ne> horse to ! inside4 ,to prev5t ?is ! c\pl+-re9 ,,cm mu/ be let out on its draught-re9 exactly z mu* z ! o!r c\pl+-re9 has be5 tak5 up1 :i* is equival5t to pull+ back ! draught-re91 :]eupon ! c\pl+-re9s w h ! positions %[n by ! dott$ l9es ) ! buckle ( ,c re9 9 ! fir/ hole1 & all ! re9s w act ev5ly ^u bo? horses1 not)/&+ t ! m\? & bit ( ! (f horse is ne>] to ! coa*man's h& ?an t ( ! ne> horse4--,,fairman ,,rog]s1 ,a ,manual ( ,coa*+4 ,! mo/ common fault 9 adju/+ c\pl+-re9s1 next to t ( hav+ "o horse 9 advance ( ! o!r1 is t ( hav+ ! horses c\pl$ too closely1 or too loosely1 toge!r2 9 ! fir/ case ! horses mu/ g awkw>dly1 ) _! heads too close toge!r1 ) a t5d5cy to make !m /umble1 & 9 ! o!r1 ) _! heads yaw+ ap>t1 & n "u prop] control4 ,"s horses are greatly irritat$ by be+ made to g on "o side ( ! bit only1 & (t5 en\gh a pair go+ all sorts ( ways w settle d[n & g well en\gh :]e _! c\pl+-re9s are s adju/$ t !y c g level1 ) an equal pressure ( ! bit on bo? sides ( ! m\?4 ,! matt] ( be>+-re9s has be5 discuss$ already1 b x is wor? repeat+ ov] & ov] aga91 especially 9 ! case ( pair-horse driv+1 t be>+-re9s %\ld nev] be omitt$4 ,! pole-end1 or 8 mate's bridle1 (f] v>i\s opportunities to a n]v\s horse :o ?r[s 8 head ab\t to cat* 8 bit or "s "p ( 8 bridle1 & te> x (f or break x2 & a bitless & bridleless horse is an equ9e an>*i/1 beyond human p[] ( judg+ or controll+4 ,:]e y h :iffletrees 9 front ( y1 x is easy to see :i* horse is do+ too mu* or too little "w2 b :5 9 heavy h>ness1 ) traces fix$ to roll]-bolts1 ! traces & re9s mu/ tell ! /ory4 ,! object 9 ?is =m ( driv+ is1 ( c\rse1 to make bo? horses d an equal am\nt ( "w1 uphill & d[n1 & to keep !m go+ at an ev5 pace4 ,9 det]m9+ :i* horse to put on ! ne> side & :i* on ! (f side1 sev]al ?+s %\ld be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,fir/1 9 ?is c\ntry we turn to ! "r1 & z mo/ roads are made ) a cr[n 9 ! c5tre r ?an absolutely level1 ! (f horse or horse on ! "r-h& side has a little m "w to d1 9 t he mu/ d mo/ ( ! pull+1 :5 ! c>riage turns (f to ! "r1 & mu/ !n be pull$ back aga94 ,!re=e ! bigg] or /rong] horse ( ! two may g on t side4 ,second1 if "o ( ! horses is m n]v\s or m incl9$ to %y ?an ! o!r1 he is bett] (f on ! (f side1 :]e he is less 9 contact ) pass+ horses1 vehicles1 automobiles1 & ! l4 ,s f> z ! matt] ( puni%m5t ) ! :ip is conc]n$1 9 pair-horse driv+ x is z easy to get at "o z ! o!r1 ?\gh "s p pref] to h ! less am5able animal ( ! pair on ! (f side & "u _! h&4 ,x is mu* bett] = ! horses1 if o!r ?+s are equal1 to *ange !m ab\t1 s t !y g "o day on "o side & ano!r day on ! o!r4 ,horses1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! city1 :]e ! t5d5cy is to pole !m up tightly1--too tightly1--s t !y may be easily h&l$ 9 ! cr[d$ /reets1 are apt to get into bad habits if driv5 always on ! same side4 ,!y get "o-sid$ m\?s1 hit !mselves1 b app>5tly bright5 up1 z ?\gh refre%$1 :5 *ang$ ab\t4 ,x is g5]ally accept$ z an axiom1 t horses %\ld be z close to _! "w z possible4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ?is makes little diff]5ce to ! draught ( ! vehicle2 b x does und\bt$ly make a v great diff]5ce 9 back+1 />t+1 turn+1 & ! g5]al managem5t ( ! horses by ! coa*man1 & on t acc\nt x is well to h y\r horses z close to ! vehicle1 & to y\r h&1 z possible4 ,be=e go+ into details z to ! h&l+ ( ! re9s1 "o v important error %\ld be notic$ at ! />t4 ,driv+ is n k ( h[ to hold ! re9s1 h[ to give ! (fices to make po9ts1 etc41 b real driv+ is ! k & practical exp]i5ce ( all ^? ?+s :i* come be=e y get up on to y\r vehicle at all4 ,! writ] 0 seat$ beside ! driv] ( an omnibus 9 ,london "s t5 ye>s ago1 at a "t :5 ev]y?+ p]ta9+ to ! h&l+ ( horses 9 h>ness 0 a ke5 int]e/4 ,! heavy buss ) its load ( pass5g]s 0 /opp$ & />t$ & guid$ ?r\gh ! heavy traffic ( ,piccadilly )\t fuss or tr\ble & )\t j> to ! pass5g]s4 ,:5 ,i complim5t$ ! ,jehu on 8 "w1 he repli$1 ,well1 y see1 sir1 !re's pl5ty ( driv]s ab\t1 b !re's n _m ( u coa*m5 left6 ,t is ! gi/ ( ! matt]4 ,a coa*man is "o :o1 ?r\gh k1 & exp]i5ce1 & natural ability1 keeps 8 horses1 pass5g]s1 & himself com=table & safe :ile do+ ! be/ atta9able "w ) lea/ ef=t to all conc]n$4 ,! driv] is a m]e /e]] ( horses by artificial %ort5+ & l5g!n+ ( re9s t he has be5 taught4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxx4--,,driv+ ,a ,,pair ,x w\ld be a trifl+ task to write a book on driv+ = ^? :o only wi% to become driv]s2 b x is no small matt] ev5 to h9t at ! v>iety ( k necess>y to "o :o wi%es to become ev5 a mod]ately good coa*man4 ,n[ t we h arriv$ at ?is subject ( ! h&l+ & f+]+ ( ! re9s1 x mu/ n be ov]look$ t ?is is lit]ally ! sup]ficial "p ( ! bus9ess1 & if x is built ^u a f\ndation ( complete ignorance ( ! horse1 8 h\se1 8 h>ness1 8 hi/ory1 & 8 physical make-up1 x w always rema9 sup]ficial & unsatisfactory4 ,on ! o!r h&1 once ^! fundam5tal matt]s h be5 /udi$ & und]/ood1 ! h&l+ ( ! re9s becomes all-important to ! coa*man4 ,fir/ ( all1 sp>e no pa9s to get y\r re9s 9 y\r left h& at ! prop] l5g?1 & once !re !y %\ld be kept !re4 ,all ! nicety ( driv+ dep5ds ^u ?is4 ,if ! re9s mu/ be l5g!n$ & %ort5$ e few m9utes1 none ( ! directions to foll[ c be ( mu* use4 ,su* give & take z !re mu/ be betwe5 h& & bits %\ld come :olly f ! g5tle give & take ( ! wri/4 ,:5 ! re9s are to be %ort5$ = go+ d[n hill1 & l5g!n$ aga9 go+ up1 ! two me?ods = ?is op]ation h be5 describ$ 9 ! *apt] on driv+ "o horse4 ,) a nicely bitt$ pair1 ! turn to ! left & ! turn to ! "r may be made by turn+ ! h& z direct$ 9 ! same *apt]4 ,:]e m p[] is requir$1 ! turn to ! left may be made by loop+ or mak+ po9ts to left or "r z may be requir$4 ,! po9t to ! left is made by tak+ ! upp] or ne> re9 ) ! ?umb & index f+] or ) ! little & f\r? f+]s ( ! "r h&1 pull+ x back a few in*es1 accord+ to ! angle ( ! turn1 & plac+ ! bight ( ! re9 "u ! ?umb 7see ,plate ,,xxx474 ,close ! ?umb d[n on ! re9s & hold x !re until y\r horses h fully respond$1 !n lift ! ?umb & ?is ne> re9 slips back into place ( itself4 ,be c>eful to keep y\r po9t "u ! ?umb until ! turn is made1 o!rwise--& a common fault--! slack5+ ( ?is re9 w l& y 9 ! middle ( ! turn ) ! horses go+ exactly ! o!r way4 ,by ?us loop+ y\r re9 ! left h& is kept /eadily 9 its place1 & ! "r h& is entirely free to be us$ 9 case ! o!r horse is too quick or too sluggi%4 ,if ! (f horse is incl9$ to g r\nd too fa/ & %ove 8 mate ov]1 ! "r h& is !re to put on 8 re9 & re/ra9 him4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 he is too sluggi%1 & does n obey quickly en\gh1 y\r "r h& is !re to t\* him up ) ! :ip & make him d :at is requir$ ( him4 ,9 turn+ to ! "r1 ! "u re9 or (f re9 may be loop$ 9 ! same way1 b ?is "t "u ! index f+]1 r ?an ! ?umb1 ?\gh ! ?umb may be us$1 & ! turn made to ! "r 9 ! same fa%ion & ) ! same me?ods z be=e4 ,al?\gh ! mak+ ( po9ts & opposition & s on are usually = f\r & t&em driv+1 x is mu* neat] & quiet] to use ^! me?ods on a mu* small] scale = y\r pair4 ,x is quiet] & less conspicu\s ?an pull+ ! re9s & gets "o 91 & keeps "o 91 ! valuable habit ( f+]+ ! re9s accurately1 quietly1 & me*anically1 leav+ ! eyes & att5tion = o!r & m important matt]s4 ,:5ev] a loop is tak5 or any o!r indication attempt$ ( :at y want y\r horses to d1 avoid confusion by giv+ a v>iety ( signals at "o & ! same "t4 ,= example1 9 tak+ a loop1 if y all[ y\r left h& to slide =w>d to receive x "u ! ?umb in/ead ( lett+ ! "r h& br+ x back1 y slack5 y\r re9s & y\r horses />t =w>d j :5 !y %\ld be well 9 h&4 ,if a horse feels ?is tight5+ ( ! re9 f ! po9t y are mak+ & !n feels ! pressure less51 he w :ip back aga92 h5ce ! necessity = hold+ y\r po9t until ! horses h respond$ fully4 ,x is mu* bett] to hold a po9t too long ?an to let x g be=e its "w is done4 ,9 pull+ re9s t[>d y1 d n draw ! re9 to "o side1 ?us draw+ ! h&s ap>t1 b pull directly t[>d ! body--/raight back1 9 %ort4 ,nev] let y\r "r h& get s f> away f ! left t x _c be us$ in/antly :5 want$4 ,if y are a beg9n]1 get a /eady pair & keep at ?is f+]+ ( ! re9s2 ! />t+1 ) pressure ( ! "r h& 9 front ( ! left j en\gh to feel _! m\?s2 ! /opp+1 ) "r h& prop]ly grasp+ ! re9s2 ! po9ts to ! left & ! "r1 & ! %ort5+ ( ! re9s1 until ^! matt]s are done quickly & automatically )\t ! necessity ( look+ at y\r h&s at all4 ,& ?\gh ?is be a treatise on driv+1 let u be frank & say t a good tea*] is bett] ?an any book4 ,sit beside a good coa*man z (t5 z y c & wat* him l a lynx4 ,get a good coa*man to sit beside y & tell y & expla9 to y2 !n g back to y\r book aga91 & y w get mu* m out ( x ?an be=e4 ,a brilliant ,fr5*man has said t he /udi$ books :ile he 0 wait+ to /udy m54 ,! book-le>n+ is f> m valuable :5 supplem5t$ by practice4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is only ! v ignorant 9 ^! days :o d n make :at use !y c ( o!r m5's exp]i5ce & practice1 by /udy+ up 9 books any subject 9 :i* !y are int]e/$4 ,to read a good book on driv+ helps y\r tea*] ev5 m ?an x helps y1 9 t y h at lea/ "s inkl+ ( ! elem5t>y pr9ciples ( :at he is to tea* y4 ,ev5 ) "o horse ^! manuvres may be gone ?r\gh )1 & e turn1 & />t1 & /op1 made ) ! same nicety & c>e1 z ?\gh "o 7 driv+ 8 drag at a meet ( ! coa*+-club4 ,mr4 ,und]hill's sumptu\s book is entitl$ ,driv+ = ,pleasure4 ,!re is an amus+ *apt] to be writt5 on ,driv+ = ,puni%m5t1 ) illu/rations f life1 if "o c>$ to write x4 ,! di/ortions ( face1 h&s1 & body1 ?r\gh try+ to d simple ?+s 9 an awkw>d & r\ndab\t way2 ! mix+ up ( :ip1 h&s1 & re9s1 ?r\gh n hav+ toil$ suffici5tly ov] ! elem5t>y /ages ( ! art ( driv+2 ! brake on or (f :5 x %\ld n be1 & a complete loss ( head1 ! horses any way1 & _! own] 9 roseate confusion1 are phases ( ! driv+ = puni%m5t "o (t5 sees4 ,& be x said1 driv+ is a puni%m5t inde$1 :5 bad bitt+1 ill-fitt+ h>ness1 horses badly put to1 & awkw>d h&l+ ( re9s1 :ip1 & brake1 are ( "o & ! same comb9ation4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,driv+ ,,f\r ,ab\t ! ye> #ahdj1 ) ! adv5t ( railways 9 ,engl&1 coa*+1 = a "t at lea/1 practically came to an end4 ,be=e t "t1 all transportation ( pass5g]s1 mail1 & small m]*&ise 0 by coa*4 ,! mail-coa*es 7 "u gov]nm5t control1 & z repres5t+ ! ,sov]eign1 _h rights & privileges1 & 7 entitl$ to respect4 ,_m ( ! pres5t-day usages are rem9d]s ( t "t1 & relics ( anci5t cu/oms4 ,t o!r vehicles %\ld give way to ! mail-coa*1 t ! con/ables %\ld salute z x pass$1 t o!r coa*m5 %\ld recognize x by salut+1 c be readily appreciat$4 ,9 ,engl& to-day1 ! coa*es runn+ out ( ,london ) _! loads ( pass5g]s1 b5t on a day's pleasant out+ m]ely1 are treat$ mu* 9 ! same way4 ,all b surly driv]s make way = !m1 ! police salute1 _m ( ! o!r coa*m5 salute1 & ! =ms ( :at 7 once realities /ill obta94 ,bo? !re & "h _m p =get1 t ^! coa*es mu/ take out a lic5se1 & are b\nd by ! laws gov]n+ o!r vehicles employ$ = ! transportation ( pass5g]s4 ,! coa* put on ea* season by ! ,coa*+-club ( ,new ,york1 & :i* has run latt]ly f ! ,holl& ,h\se to ,ardsley on ! ,hudson & return1 al?\gh x may be done prim>ily = sport1 is none ! less gov]n$ by ! t]ms ( its lic5se4 ,h5ce x is t a good sportsman1 9 und]tak+ su* a duty1 goes ra9 or %9e1 makes a po9t ( be+ on "t1 insi/s ^u promptness1 n z a fad ( 8 own1 b because ^! are ! impli$ articles ( agreem5t betwe5 him & ! city :5 he takes out 8 lic5se4 ,l all o!r good sport1 !re is an elem5t ( h>d "w & tyranny 9 x4 ,! coa*man mu/ at all times obey ! laws ( ! sport4 ,to buy1 tra91 & drive ! horses1 & c>ry out a successful s*$ule = six weeks or s1 ) ! innum]able details involv$1 is a task requir+ k1 exp]i5ce1 tact1 & pati5ce4 ,! man :o c d ?is may be said to h pass$ 8 po/graduate exam9ation z a fir/-class coa*man4 ,!re are n _m m5 :o c d t1 b !re is pl5ty ( sport to be _h 9 driv+ f\r horses1 ?is side ( t supreme ability4 ,m5 :o lack ! "t1 money1 k1 & exp]i5ce to put a coa* on ! road may /ill1 ) b5efit to !mselves1 & to ! inmates ( _! /ables1 drive f\r horses4 ,al?\gh !re 0 coa*+ 9 a s5se 9 ?is c\ntry1 f ,revolution>y times & be=e 7see ,*apt] ,,iii471 ! fir/ regul> ,engli% coa* s5t to ?is c\ntry to be us$ = pleasure driv+ 0 import$ 9 #ahfj by ,mr4 ,lawr5ce ( ,bo/on4 ,! fir/ public coa* 0 put on ! road 9 #ahgf by ,colonel ,delancey ,kane1 & ran f ! ,brunswick ,hotel1 ,new ,york1 to ,pelham4 ,monotony probably de/roys m p ?an any "o =m ( dissipation4 ,humanity we>ies ( ! r\nd ( duties day aft] day1 & attempts by dr9k1 or dissipation1 or by runn+ away f duty1 to break 9 ^u x or to break away f x4 ,x takes ! v highe/ qualities to /ick x out1 :atev] may be ! duty4 ,plato ma9ta9$ t *ange is re/4 ,_m m5 "w all ! "t2 _! only re/ is *ange ( "w4 ,he is a diplomat 9 life :o rememb]s ?is dang]\s quality ( monotony1 & 9 8 own life1 & ! life ab\t him1 seeks to div]sify x4 ,?is pr9ciple c be appli$ to ! subject ( driv+ z well1 if n bett]1 ?an to mo/ o!rs4 ,to drive "o horse1 ov] "o road1 day 9 & day out1 becomes a we>9ess to ! fle%1 in/ead ( a refre%m5t4 ,if y h only "o horse1 y c at lea/ bo? ride him & drive him4 ,if y h two1 y c drive !m abrea/ z a pair1 or "o 9 front ( ! o!r z a t&em1 & bo? c be ridd54 ,z soon z y\r /able enl>ges to f\r1 y c h no end ( v>iety if c>e & pati5ce are ex]cis$4 ,/range to say1 too1 ! horses jo9 9 ! fun4 ,a horse likes a new road & enjoys go+ 9 a new way4 ,x w take "t & tr\ble to tea* y\r horses to g t&em1 & 9 a f\r2 b once !y are taught1 !y enjoy x q z mu* z y d4 ,( c\rse we are writ+ n[ ( ^? :o wi% to get practice & pleasure out ( _! /ables1 n m]ely = ^? :o use _! horses = purposes ( transportation only4 ,d n />t out ) ! notion t ! only way to drive a t&em1 or a f\r1 is to h exactly ! prop] vehicle1 ! "r h>ness to ! %ape ( a buckle1 & horses ( j su* & su* a "*4 ,! %[ r+ is "o ?+2 driv+ = sport & pleasure is q ano!r4 ,practically any man :o w sp5d en\gh money c w9 prizes 9 ! %[ r+2 & x is only occasionally n[adays1 :5 s mu* money is sp5t = %[-r+ horses & equipages1 t a man ( mod]ate means c hope to w9 9 ^! t\rnam5ts4 ,he may by good judgm5t1 9 buy+ & tra9+1 br+ out a w9n] n[ & !n2 b he has little *ance aga9/ ^? :o are will+ to pay any price = a ready-made w9n]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxi4 ,x is a good ?+ to "k h[ horses & vehicle %\ld be turn$ out1 ev5 d[n to m9ute details2 b a book1 a coa*-build]1 a h>nessmak] & a bank-acc\nt nev] yet made a sportsman1 at ?is1 or any o!r game4 ,z has be5 said be=e 9 ano!r *apt]1 =m is only rational :5 x is ! prop] clo?+ ( an idea2 x is ridicul\s & unwor?y :5 x is m]ely an idea ( prop] clo?+4 ,( t&em driv+ we h writt5 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,if y _c h a f\r1 co/+1 ) coa*1 horses1 & h>ness1 #ae1jjj or m1 :y n h j z mu* sport1 & f> m valuable exp]i5ce1 by a m economical arrangem5t8 ,buy y\r horses ) a purpose1 to beg9 )4 ,let ! saddle-horses s]ve z lead]s1 ! blocki]1 heavi] h>ness horses 9 ! :eel4 ,or if y run to small] sizes1 two ( #ae4a 9 ! :eel & y\r polo ponies #ad4b 9 ! lead1 ) a pony break beh9d !m1 make a capital f\r4 ,if a second-h& h>ness is n procurable1 t]rets on y\r :eel]s' saddles & bridles make any /\t d\ble h>ness s]viceable2 & an extra pair ( long re9s & long traces fit out y\r lead]s1 & !re y are4 ,any man :o c af=d to keep f\r horses c1 if he w give ! problem "t & tr\ble1 h ! practice ( driv+ f\r4 ,be x said at once t ! be/ practice is t ( driv+ diff]5t teams e day1 & t c only be obta9$ :]e !re is a good deal ( road coa*+1 & y are ( an ability to be p]mitt$ to drive4 ,next to t1 probably1 comes ! exp]i5ce & k to be d]iv$ f gett+ toge!r1 h>ness+1 bitt+1 & gett+ to g1 a f\r out ( y\r own /able4 ,mo/ books & mo/ tea*]s deal ) ! subject ( driv+ f\r z ?\gh appe>ances c\nt$ n9ety-sev5 p] c5t1 & y\r own pleasure & pr(it ?ree p] c5t4 ,we are deal+ ) f\r-9-h& driv+ "h z a pa/ime1 z an opportunity = v>iety 9 y\r own driv+1 & z a refre%+ *ange 9 _! way ( go+ = y\r horses4 ,rememb] always t x is n h>d on1 b good =1 y\r horses to give !m v>iety ( "w4 ,horses t are well h\s$1 c>efully f$ & wat]$1 com=tably h>ness$1 & discreetly driv5 are mu* bett] = *ange ( sc5e & *ange ( "w4 ,?is is n int5d$ to mean t a light1 high-/rung lady's saddle-horse is improv$ by be+ put to "w 9 ! :eel ( a break2 or t1 ( any horse1 too mu* "w or ! k9d ( "w to :i* he is palpably unsuit$ %\ld be requir$ ( him4 ,:at is ma9ta9$ "h is t v few own]s ( horses get all ! fun out ( !m t !re is to be _h4 ,^! que/ions ( pole-*a9s or lea!r pole-pieces1 ?is or t %ape ( bit1--s long z ! bit fits ! inside ( ! horse's m\?1--h\s+s or no h\s+s1 /able-clo!s or bree*es & boots1 are all matt]s t come aft]1 n be=e1 driv+4 ,! /udy ( appe>ances comes aft] ! k ( ess5tials1 n be=e4 ,appe>ances z ! result ( k take c>e ( !mselves2 b ! m]e /udy ( appe>ances tea*es no?+4 ,:5 y h le>n$ to h>ness & put to y\r horses1 />t1 /op1 turn !m1 & keep !m go+ ev5ly1 at a prop] pace2 & :5 y\r ?ong is z easily h&l$ z a walk+-/ick1 !n w be "t en\gh to inve/igate matt]s ( buttons1 hat brims1 curve ( bit-%anks1 :iph&les1 cut ( greatcoats1 & me?ods ( salut+ ) ! :ip4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( /r5g? is ! fir/ requisite 9 driv+ f\r horses4 ,x is calculat$ t ! weight on ! h& ( ! f\r re9s1 av]ages f six to t5 p\nds = a light1 well-bitt$ team1 less p]haps = a p]fect team1 & runn+ up z high z tw5ty-five1 to ev5 m1 p\nds 9 hold+ a team go+ d[n hill4 ,! writ] rememb]s ! pa9ful numbness ( ! left =e>m :5 he fir/ drove f\r1 ye>s ago4 ,x is well to invigorate ! arms1 & to beg9 a v little at a "t at ?is ex]cise1 or an ov]dose at a fir/ lesson may put ! =e>m out ( commission = "s days4 ,pulleys1 dumb-bells1 ,indian clubs1 or c>ry+ a load$ walk+-/ick w muscle up ! arm & put x 9 condition4 ,! use ( ! f\r-9-h& :ip is s all-important t x %\ld n be left to ! la/1 b practis$ p]si/5tly f ! />t4 ,_m teams1 bitt$ & tra9$ by pr(essionals & only driv5 9 ! p>k by _! own]s1 require almo/ no use ( ! ?ong2 & z a result _m driv]s ( f\r horses c h>dly put up a ?ong1 let alone use x ) any success4 ,place ! po9t ( ! ?ong "u ! f+]s1 grasp+ ! /ick1 n at ! end1 b at ! po9t :]e ! f]rule encircles x 7,plate ,,xxxi474 ,sw+ ! po9t ( ! /ick f left to "r ) a slight d[nw>d movem5t1 !n make a quick half circle f left to "r & upw>d1 & y\r ?ong w curl ar\nd y\r /ick ?ree or f\r times & hold !re4 ,! l[] "p ( ! ?ong w curl ar\nd ! h&le ! opposite way4 ,betwe5 ! upp] & l[] coil w hang a bight ( ! ?ong 7,plate ,,xxxi474 ,move y\r /ick ov] to ! left or driv+ h&1 pull out ! l[] coil ) ! ?umb & =ef+] ( t h&1 & place ! po9t ( y\r ?ong aga9 "u y\r "r h&1 ! ?ong n[ go+ ar\nd ! /ick 9 ! same direction all ! way d[n s t x is easily unw\nd :5 want$ 7,plate ,,xxxi474 ,! po9t ( ! ?ong is m secure 9 y\r "r h& if x is wrapp$ a c\ple ( times ar\nd ! h&le1 ?\gh !re is high au?ority aga9/ ?is practice1 on ! gr\nd t x is n s easy to unw9d y\r ?ong :5 want$4 ,if y are a beg9n]1 y w f9d x saf] to make ! c\ple ( turns ar\nd ! h&le4 ,mr4 ,bronson1 :o 0 "o ( ! v be/ ( our ,am]ican :ips1 held1 & ) ju/ice1 t ! po9t ( ! ?ong %\ld n be wrapp$ ar\nd ! /ick1 ma9ta9+ t j :5 ! h&s 7 ne$$ x requir$ two h&s to undo x4 ,! :ip %\ld be held po9t+ upw>d & to ! left4 ,:5 ! ?ong hangs ov] ! middle ( ! back ( ! ne> :eel]1 y\r :ip w be 9 ab\t ! "r position4 ,! way usually recomm5d$ = putt+ up ! ?ong is to make a l>ge ,s on ! wall & foll[ ?is ) ! po9t ( ! :ip1 beg9n+ at ! bottom & mov+ across f left to "r4 ,to d ?is1 />t sl[ly f left to "r1 & let ! upp] curve be made ) a turn ( ! wri/ :i* w br+ ! f+]s upp]mo/ at ! f9i%4 ,x is exasp]at+ly easy1 & exasp]at+ly difficult4 ,once y get ! knack1 x is l skat+ & swimm+1 y wond] h[ y 7 ev] puzzl$4 ,if ^! directions are n cle>1 get "s "o to p\nd x into y by p]si/5t in/ruction2 =1 ( all awkw>d ?+s1 none is m s ?an ! confusion aris+ f a dangl+ ?ong1 t _c be made to g up1 & /ay up1 :]e x belongs4 ,no?+ b con/ant practice makes "o com=table ) ! :ip4 ,if y are driv+ 9 ! c\ntry1 unw9d & put up y\r ?ong con/antly2 ev5 take out y\r f\r-9-h& :ip ) "o or two horses1 & practise1 practise1 practise4 ,"s day1 9 a cr[d$ /reet or 9 ! p>k1 :5 a cut ( ! :ip is imp]atively necess>y & a quick return ( ! ?ong to its place z necess>y1 y w n regret a mom5t ( ! "t sp5t 9 ?is way4 ,d n tru/ to luck 9 ?is matt]4 ,:at is usually call$ luck is1 aft] all1 ! happy way ability & opportunity h ( (t5 meet+4 ,keep y\r ?ong pliable1 o!rwise x w n /ay 9 its place & be difficult to put up4 ,9 us+ y\r :ip1 make z little fuss & noise z possible2 ea* horse %\ld be hit s t ! o!r ?ree he> no?+ & "k no?+4 ,d n flick a horse1 b hit & draw ! ?ong at ! same "t1 !n x means some?+4 ,9 putt+ up y\r ?ong1 d n make a fl\ri% ) ! arm4 ,x is j z easy to put ! ?ong up ) ! "r elb[ at ! side4 ,! :eel]s %\ld be hit 9 front ( ! pad1 d[n ! %\ld]2 x is bett] to hit ! (f :eel] on ! (f %\ld] if 8 mate is re/ive4 ,if !re is kick+1 ! be/ puni%m5t is a cut ov] ! e>s4 ,9 hitt+ ! (f lead]1 sw+ ! po9t ( y\r /ick out to ! "r2 once ! ?ong is unw\nd1 make a turn1 & br+ ! /ick =w>d quickly1 :5 ! ?ong w travel =w>d "u ! /ick4 ,always aim to hit a lead] "u 8 traces1 & :5 y hit him let him "k t he has be5 hit4 ,always aim f>!r ahead ?an y mean to hit4 ,y _c g too f>1 & y may be %ort4 ,to cat* ! ?ong aga91 take x back1 away f y\r horses1 & po9t ! /ick ov] y\r left arm1 all[+ ! ?ong to fall fir/1 or po9t y\r /ick up1 & let ! ?ong slide d[n ! inside ( x to y\r h&4 ,pull ! ?ong ?r\gh ) ! f+] & ?umb ( ! left h& till ! po9t is )9 a few in*es ( ! "r h&1 !n put up ! ?ong z direct$4 ,to hit ! ne> lead] is a little m difficult1 & a good reason1 by ! way1 = putt+ ! lazi] lead] on ! (f side4 ,untwi/ y\r ?ong z be=e on ! "r side ( y1 sw+ ! ?ong ov] all y\r horses s t x hangs on ! left side ( ! coa*1 !n ) a turn ( ! /ick %oot y\r ?ong z be=e1 /opp+ ! po9t ( ! /ick at ab\t ! pad ( ! ne> :eel]1 :5 ! po9t ( ! ?ong w hit ! ne> lead]'s hocks4 ,9 gett+ y\r ?ong back f ?is position1 sw+ x f left to "r ov] all y\r horses1 & po9t ! /ick aga9 ov] ! left arm1 :5 ! ?ong w fall ov] ! re9s ne> ! h& or1 if well done1 into ! h&4 ,!n proce$ z be=e4 ,! ne> :eel] may be hit on ! qu>t]s also1 by ?r[+ ! la% betwe5 ! heads ( ! :eel]s1 ?\gh ?is is condemn$ by _m z a bad practice4 ,?is ne$s practice1 p>ticul>ly 9 gett+ y\r ?ong back to y\r h&4 ,nev] attempt to use ! :ip :ile ! "r h& is on ! re9s or hold+ a re94 ,fir/1 because y _c use ! :ip ) any effect1 & second1 because y are sure to jab "o ( y\r horses 9 ! m\? by a j]k on ! re9 y happ5 to be h&l+4 ,see t y\r ?ong is all cle> be=e attempt+ to put x up4 ,y w f9d t x has a disconc]t+ way ( cat*+ on ! re9 buckles1 ! h&les ( ! foot-bo>d1 or ev5 on ! lamps4 ,if 9 us+ y\r ?ong x cat*es 9 any "p ( ! h>ness1 treat x g5tly2 d n pull at x1 :i* only makes x hold fa/]2 & if x w n come loose by ^! measures1 s5d ! s]vant d[n to loos5 x4 ,if y\r ?ong cat*es 9 b\ghs ( trees or ! l1 d n hang on to ! /ick1 b let ! :ole ?+ g & s5d back = x4 ,9 salut+1 drop y\r :ip into y\r left h& & take (f y\r hat if x be a lady y w\ld recognize4 ,few ?+s are m p>o*ial 9 ^! matt]s ?an to see a man mak+ a conspicu\s sword salute ) 8 :ip to a lady :o is ei!r 9 ano!r vehicle or on ! road4 ,9 salut+ o!rs1 a movem5t ( ! :ip f left to "r ) ! =e>m is en\gh4 ,x has ! m]it ( n tak+ ! "r h& f> f ! re9s1 & is less conspicu\s ?an ! use ( ! :ip z a sword1 by br++ ! h&le up to y\r *94 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxii4--,,driv+ ,,f\r ,x is an old-"t cu/om among ! driv]s ( road-coa*es 9 ,engl& to take (f ! hat to a *imney-sweep4 ,j :y x is suppos$ to br+ luck1 l kill+ spid]s 9 ! morn+ & lett+ !m live 9 ! ev5+1 & fifty o!r fancies ( a l k9d1 ! writ] _c expla94 ,9 approa*+ tr\ble1 :]e y are likely to ne$ y\r ?ong1 unw9d x & hold only ! po9t "u y\r ?umb4 ,a cut 9 "t may save a :ole side ( h>ness6 ,f\r horses ) a heavy vehicle beh9d !m--a drag weighs f tw5ty-"o to tw5ty-f\r hundr$ p\nds1 a public coa* f tw5ty-f\r hundr$ to ?ree ?\s& p\nds--& load$ ) pass5g]s occupies a good deal ( space1 ga!rs a good deal ( mom5tum1 & ne$s a good deal ( skill 9 its gov]nor4 ,! v assumption ( ! task ( driv+ is a great responsibility4 ,no man %\ld und]take x lightly4 ,to "k ! :ole game1 & to d x supremely well1 requires _m1 _m mon?s ( con/ant & /udi\s practice4 ,! easi] x looks1 ! m capable is ! man :o makes x look easy to y4 ,d n = a mom5t be deceiv$ into ?9k+ t x is really easy4 ,! consequ5ces ( ?9k+ s may conta91 n only disa/]s ( ! mo/ awkw>d k9d1 b dea? also4 ,beg9 at ! v beg9n+1 ) ! h>ness+ & putt+ to ( y\r horses4 ,dep5d only ^u a good & tru/wor?y build] = y\r vehicle4 ,if y buy a second-h& "o1 *oose x ) a fri5d :o kn[s :at su* a vehicle %\ld be1 & !n h x gone ov] ?or\ghly by y\r c>riage build]4 ,( ! h>ness+ ( ! horses we h already writt54 ,x ne$s to be add$1 t 9 h>ness+ f\r all ! details ( fit & /\tness ( lea!r & prop] bitt+ %\ld be m ?an ev] look$ aft]4 ,be=e y\r horses are br\ght out h ! pole 9 its place & ! lead-b>s hung on ! pole-hook4 ,h a look y\rself to see t ! pole-p9 is securely 9 its place4 ,br+ out y\r :eel]s1 hook ! pole-*a9s to ! kidney-l9k r+1 giv+ ample room to back !m s t ! traces may be put ov] ! roll]-bolts1--outside trace fir/1 !n ! inside "o1--!n tight5 ! pole-*a9s by pass+ ! hook ?r\gh ! kidney-l9k r+ f ! inside out s t x w come out away f ! pole4 ,! l5g? ( ?is *a9 mu/ dep5d ^u ! good or bad roads y are propos+ to drive ov]1 & ^u o!r ?+s already discuss$ 7,*apt] ,,xiii474 ,:5 y\r horses are pol$ up1 !y are drawn t[>d ! pole1 & y w notice t ! inside trace is !re=e %ort] ?an ! outside trace4 ,?is diff]5ce %\ld be tak5 up by enl>g+ ! inside roll]-bolt by wrapp+ x1 nev] by pun*+ holes 9 ! trace1 & ?us weak5+ x4 ,!n fa/5 ! c\pl+-re9s to _! bits1 & fa/5 y\r re9s ov] y\r (f :eel]'s pad-t]ret1 or let !m be drawn ?r\gh above ! trace & tug-buckle f ! front1 back4 ,!n br+ out y\r lead]s & fa/5 _! traces to _! b>s4 ,! lead]s may be put to ) _! traces on _! own b>s2 ) ! traces cross$ on ! inside1 ea* horse work+ (f 8 mate's b>2 ) ! traces cross$1 b ea* horse work+ (f 8 own b>4 ,! fir/ is be/ = well-tra9$1 ev5ly work+ horses4 ,! second is advocat$ by ^? :o consid] t ?is me?od makes ! "w m ev51 & keeps ! lazy horse up to 8 "w4 ,! ?ird is ma9ly to keep ! lead]s m toge!r4 ,! b>s ( ! lead]s may be fa/5$ toge!r ) a /rap = ! same reason4 ,nev] use a *a9 = ?is purpose z1 9 case ( a leg ov] ! trace or any simil> accid5t1 a *a9 _c be cut & promptly undone4 ,?is lapp+ ( ! traces is a matt] ea* man %\ld "w out = himself1 aft] notic+ h[ 8 p>ticul> lead]s g mo/ com=tably4 ,?is lapp+ ( ! traces also keeps ! traces away f ! horses' sides1 & 9 hot or muddy wea!r ?is is a consid]ation4 ,buckle y\r c\pl+-re9s to ! bits1 run !m ?r\gh _! t]rets1 &1 toge!r ) ! :eel-re9s1 pu% !m ?r\gh f 9 front above ! trace & tug-buckle ( ! (f lead]4 ,put up y\r ?ong1 lay ! :ip ov] ! :eel]s' backs1 & z a precaution pu% ! end ( x betwe5 ! back-/rap4 ,if y\r :ip is 9 ! socket1 x is 9 y\r way 9 gett+ up1 x may be brok5 by y\r pass5g]s1 or x may be play$ ) by an ignorant pass5g] & dropp$1 or at any rate1 ! ?ong loos5$4 ,if ! :ip is plac$ across ! toe-bo>d no "o c m\nt to ! box-seat :ile x is !re4 ,if y are driv+ alone & /udy+ y\r team1 ! :ip is bett] on ! toe-bo>d1 :]e x is n easily displac$ & does n annoy ! :eel]s2 o!rwise ! be/ place is across ! backs ( ! :eel]s4 ,a piece ( /eel cov]$ ) lea!r on ! lead-re9s 7,f[nes ( ,london us$ ivory7 j 9 front ( ! c\pl+-buckle prev5ts ^! slipp+ ?r\gh ! lead-t]rets1 z may easily happ5 if ei!r horse plunges or hangs back4 ,if no be>+-re9s are us$1 ! ?roat-lat*es %\ld be snug1 s9ce !y alone hold ! bridle on ! horse's head4 ,9 break+ 9 a team1 be>+-re9s prop]ly adju/$ d no h>m & are a safegu>d4 ,if necess>y1 />t ) !m v loose & %ort5 !m :5 ! horse is w>m$ up1 & 8 neck muscles are m pliable4 ,if ! be>+-re9s are fa/5$ up be=e ! />t1 !re w be back+1 re>+1 & jibb+1 all ( :i* may be obviat$ by tight5+ ! be>+-re9s aft] ! />t4 ,if y are to drive ov] good level roads1 y\r :eel]s may be plac$ z ne> ! coa* z w enable !m to g at a good gait )\t hitt+ ! spl9t]-b> or :eels4 ,! l5g? ( :eel-traces %\ld be ab\t n9ety-sev5 in*es1 ( ! lead-traces ab\t n9ety in*es4 ,) small] horses ! traces are1 ( c\rse1 proportionately %ort]4 ,a long drawn out team is h>d on ! arm & h&1 n s easily manuvr$1 &1 be+ f>!r f _! "w & f y1 n s likely to be easily h&l$4 ,on ,we/]n roads 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! f\r horses are put mu* f>!r f ! coa* & f "o ano!r1 & giv5 pl5ty ( leeway z to traces & pole-*a9s4 ,driv+ ov] _! heavy1 r\gh roads necessitates ?is4 ,if "o ( our compactly h>ness$ teams attempt$ to "w ov] _! roads1 ! coa*1 pass5g]s1 & horses' %\ld]s w\ld be badly rack$4 ,inde$1 x is to be d\bt$ :e!r closely h>ness$ horses w\ld n pull "o ano!r d[n4 ,! exp]i5c$ coa*man f ! ,ea/ does n sne] at ! long drawn out teams 9 ! ,we/2 nor does ! ,we/]n] sne] at ! closely c\pl$ teams ( ! ,ea/4 ,ea* is adapt$ to d its own "w4 ,x is only ! neophyte :o sne]s "h or else:]e1 & a /upid neophyte at t2 = to sne] at ignorance is /upid1 & to sne] at /upidity1 ignorant4 ,n[ t y h y\r horses h>ness$ to y\r vehicle1 h ano!r look r\nd1 = at ?is bus9ess a quiet />t is m ?an half ! battle1 & x is wor? :ile to see to x t y may get away )\t at once /opp+1 to arrange some?+ ab\t ! h>ness t has be5 neglect$4 ,n[ /ep back to ! (f :eel]'s qu>t]1 & ) ! "r h& take hold ( ! lead]s' re9s & place !m 9 ! left h& :]e !y belong1 ) ! =ef+] betwe5 !m2 !n take ! :eel]s' re9s1 & place !m 9 ! left h& ) ! middle f+] betwe5 !m4 ,y w !n h3 ne> lead]'s re9 ov] =ef+]1 (f lead]'s re9 "u =ef+] & on top ( ! ne> :eel]'s re92 ! ne> :eel]'s re9 ov] ! middle f+]1 & "u ! (f lead]'s re91 & ! (f :eel]'s re9 "u ! middle f+]4 ,!n ) y\r "r h& pull out twelve to eighte5 in*es ( bo? (f re9s2 see t ! buckles ( ! :eel-re9s & ! /it*+s ( ! lead-re9s are at an ev5 di/ance f ! left h&1 s t :5 y are seat$ on ! box ! re9s w be level4 ,x saves "t1 tr\ble1 & emb>rassm5t to be able to d ?is quickly & accurately4 ,if y are beg9n+ or out ( practice1 x is well to get up & d[n ) ! re9s until !y are ! prop] l5g? 9 y\r h&4 ,!n put ! re9s 9 ! "r h& exactly z !y 7 9 ! left 7or "o f+] l[] d[n1 s t ! =ef+] is free to hold on 9 gett+ up2 ?is is advis$ by "s coa*m51 b is n necess>y71 ?r[ ! ends ( ! re9s ov] y\r "r arm1 take y\r :ip 9 y\r "r h&1 & y are ready to m\nt4 ,to d ?is1 put y\r left foot on ! hub ( ! :eel1 "r foot on ! roll]-bolt1 left foot on ! /ep1 & "r foot on ! foot-bo>d1 us+ y\r left h& to hold on ) & leav+ ! "r hang+ d[n4 ,sit d[n at once1 =1 hav+ climb$ s high1 x w\ld be humiliat+ to tumble (f if a horse />t$4 ,!n put ! re9s back 9 ! left h&1 :]e y %\ld f9d !m all ( ab\t ! prop] l5g? 7,plate ,,xxxii474 ,if !y are n1 get !m level )\t t\*+ ! m\?s ( ! horses4 ,9 tak+ ! re9s f _! place to put !m 9 ! h&1 x is usual to drop ! ends on ! gr\nd4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y are on a muddy /reet or wet pavem5t1 put ! ends ( ! re9s ov] ! little f+] ( ! "r h&1 :i* w keep !m out ( ! mud & wet :ile y are arrang+ !m 9 y\r h& to m\nt4 ,ano!r way ( tak+ up ! re9s is1 in/ead ( draw+ out ! two (f re9s be=e m\nt+1 to all[ ! two (f re9s to run ?r\gh ! f+]s z y m\nt to ! box1 :i* has1 to be sure1 ! advantage ( keep+ control ( all f\r horses f ! mom5t y take up ! re9s4 ,x is r>e t a man drives f\r )\t m5 at 8 horses' heads :5 he gets up1 & = ! beg9n]1 at any rate1 ! fir/-m5tion$ me?od is ! simpl] ( ! two4 ,/>t quietly4 ,feel y\r horses' m\?s g5tly z a rem9d] t some?+ is com+1 give ! ^w1 let !m h suffici5t re91 let ! :eel]s into _! coll>s fir/1 & g (f quietly at a walk4 ,if y are driv+ a gre5 team1 or a mean team1 or a team y are mak+1 always />t f ! /able y\rself4 ,ev5 if y\r coa*man is a bett] coa*man ?an y are1 x is be/ to get away ) !m y\rself1 & to keep !m am5able f ! />t4 ,al?\gh x is advis$ "h to let ! :eel]s />t ! coa*1 ! ideal way is to let all f\r horses feel _! traces at ! same mom5t2 b x is only "u ideal circum/ances & ) an ideal team t all f\r horses w dip into _! coll>s at ! same in/ant1 & walk (f ) ! coa*1 )\t s mu* z a flurry or a %ake ( ! head at />t+4 ,su* horses are too good to be true1 & ne$ v little driv+4 ,let ! rugs or qu>t]-blankets be tak5 (f quietly1 n grabb$ (f z a sort ( get-up signal1 & if y\r horses are at all incl9$ to wav]1 let ! grooms run ahead a few /eps s t ! horses c see !m & be tempt$ to g on ) !m1 & !n1 ! team fairly />t$1 !y c drop back & take _! places on ! coa*4 ,let !m h _! heads at ! />t & get !m 9 h& aft] !y are all 9 ! traces4 ,by *eck+ a horse sudd5ly at ! />t1 ) a too tight re91 or jabb+ a lead] "u ! tail ) ! pole1 or1 wor/ ( all1 =gett+ to take ! brake (f & j]k+ ! :ole team back on _! haun*es at ! />t1 y may1 y w inde$1 s irritate y\r horses t x w take y\r g5tle/ & mo/ skilful behavior to get !m "r & go+ pleasantly4 ,! writ] kn[s "o m>e at lea/ :o behaves p]fectly if ev]y?+ goes smoo?ly at ! />t1 b if %e is upset at ! />t1 ! :ole drive is spoilt by h] behavior2 nor is %e appeas$ till safely back 9 ! /able4 ,s1 by all means1 use e endeavor1 e artifice ev51 to get a good />t4 ,z 0 duly emphasiz$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xiii41 by f> ! great] "p ( ! com=t & skill 9 driv+ dep5ds ^u ! give & take ( ! left h& f ! wri/1 or ) a slight movem5t =w>d or backw>d ( ! h& itself4 ,turn+ ! left h& up or d[n ) a movem5t to ! "r or left w1 if y\r horses are well 9 h&1 guide !m to ! "r or left4 ,9 />t+1 y are usually on "o side or ! o!r ( ! road4 ,to br+ y\r horses ov]1 two small po9ts to ! left ) ! ne> lead-re9 "u ! ?umb1 ! ne> :eel-re9 "u ! =ef+]2 or if to ! "r1 ! (f lead-re9 "u ! =ef+] & ! (f :eel-re9 "u ! middle f+] w give ! direction1 &1 once !y are :]e y want !m1 ! re9s slip out1 & y h _h ! "r h& free to be us$ if necess>y4 ,or1 turn+ ! left h& d[n ) ! knuckles t[>d ! horses1 br++ ! h& at ! same "t back to ! left hip1 w take !m to ! "r2 :ile turn+ ! left ov]1 ! knuckles t[>d y1 & ! h& mov$ t[>d ! body1 w turn !m to ! left4 ,?is movem5t ( ! left h& up or d[n %ort5s or l5g!ns ! ne> lead-re94 ,!re is an objection to mov+ ! left h& ab\t mu*1 & turns to ! left & "r are be/ made by po9ts or loops4 ,be=e turn+ any:]e1 always h y\r lead]s well 9 h&4 ,if !y h hold ( ! pole-end1 ! :eel]s are helpless to turn ! coa*4 ,to turn to ! left1 take ! ne> lead-re9 ) ! ?ree l[] f+]s ( ! "r h& & draw x back1 cat*+ x "u ! left ?umb1 hold+ x fa/ till y\r team has respond$ 7see ,plate ,,xxxii474 ,to turn to ! "r1 d ! same ?+ ) y\r (f lead-re91 hold+ x ei!r "u ! ?umb or "u ! =ef+] ( ! left h& 7see ,plate ,,xxxii474 ,"u ! =ef+] is bett]1 s9ce ! re9 is !n 9 its prop] place to run out1 j z 9 ! =m] case "u ! ?umb is bett] = ! same reason4 ,nev] pull a re9 (f to ! side1 b always /raight back t[>d y1 s t ! h&s may nev] get too f> away f "o ano!r4 ,d n spoil y\r po9t by lett+ ! left h& g =w>d to meet x1 b br+ ! po9t back ) ! "r h&1 keep+ ! left h& 9 its place4 ,z soon z horses g mu* toge!r z f\r1 !y get to "k ! signals ( ! re9s & sometimes respond too quickly4 ,?is is especially s ( ! :eel horses4 ,z soon z !y feel ! lead-re9 mov+ 9 _! head t]ret1 !y beg9 to turn t[>d x4 ,9 go+ r\nd corn]s ?is results 9 ! :eel]s go+ r\nd too quickly1 & p]haps runn+ ! coa* on ! curb or aga9/ a po/ or pill>4 ,an easy way to avoid ?is is by mak+ an opposition po9t s call$4 ,be=e giv+ ! (fice to y\r ne> lead]1 & mak+ ! po9t ) y\r ne> lead-re9 to turn to ! left1 take up ! (f-:eel re9 & hold x ov] ! =ef+] ( ! left h& 7,plate ,,xxxii471 !n make y\r po9t1 & ) "o h& y\r lead] is go+ r\nd to ! left1 y\r :eel]s are kept away f ! corn]1 & y h y\r "r h& to use on ! re9s1 or ) ! :ip to urge ! :eel]s r\nd4 ,9 turn+ to ! "r1 ! same ?+ may be done by tak+ ! ne> :eel]'s re9 & pass+ x ov] ! ?umb ( ! left h&1 !n po9t to ! "r 7,plate ,,xxxii471 & aga9 y h y\r :ole team 9 "o h& & do+ y\r bidd+4 ,9 turn+ a team (f to ! left1 9 ord] to pass ano!r vehicle1 or 9 any case :]e ! turn is a slight "o & to be made quickly1 put ! "r h& on ! two ne> re9s ) ! middle f+] betwe5 !m1 & z y draw !m t[>d y let ! left h& advance4 ,place ! "r h& on ! two (f re9s ) ! f\r? f+] betwe5 !m1 & repeat ! same manuvre to g to ! "r4 ,put ! "r h& well 9 advance ( ! left 9 do+ ?is1 & pull directly t[>d y1 o!rwise y w pull ! re9s out ( ! left h& & spoil ! :ole movem5t by contradictory in/ructions to ! horses' m\?s4 ,9 pull+ up to ! left1 y may place bo? ne>-re9s well ov] ! ?umb1 & !n use ! "r h& z usual 9 /opp+2 ?is w br+ y\r team ov]1 & /op !m at ! same "t 7,plate ,,xxxii474 ,x is obvi\s t all ^! oppositions may be made by us+ ! "r h& on ! re9s4 ,9 mo/ road driv+ ?is is done4 ,!re are f "t to "t turns to be made r\nd %>p corn]s1 into gateways1 ?r\gh n>r[ /reets1 com+ d[n hill1 or ) a dip d[n hill imm$iately aft] turn+ a corn]1 :5 ! "r h& is imp]atively ne$$4 ,x is at su* times t to "k h[ to make ^! po9ts & _! opposition is v useful4 ,! be/ way1 !re=e1 is 9 times ( peace to prep>e = w> by us+ ^! po9ts & oppositions frequ5tly :]e !y c be made easily & )\t look+ at ! h&s2 !n :5 y really ne$ !m y "k h[ )\t fumbl+ & flurry+ to d :at is necess>y4 ,:5 y wi% to %ort5 y\r lead-re9s1 take !m clean out ( ! left h&1 br+ !m back ! requir$ l5g?1 & replace !m4 ,x is bett] & saf]1 h[ev]1 s f> z possible1 to pu% ^!1 & o!r re9s :5 possible1 back f beh9d4 ,to %ort5 ! :eel-re9s1 pu% !m back "o at a "t--an awkw>d way--or pull !m bo? ?r\gh f beh9d4 ,! ne> :eel-re91 be+ ! mo/ awkw>d re9 to get at1 %\ld be %ort5$ by pull+ x f beh9d4 ,to %ort5 any o!r ( ! ?ree sep>ately1 take x 9 ! l[] f+]s ( ! "r h& & pu% x back ! requir$ di/ance4 ,to %ort5 all ! re9s1 put ! "r h& on all f\r re9s1 little & f\r? f+]s ov] bo? (f re9s1 middle f+] betwe51 & =ef+] & ?umb ov] ! ne> re9s1 & pu% !m back a little at a "t4 ,z has be5 said be=e1 if 9 a hurry pull all f\r re9s back f beh9d4 ,z ! two re9s toge!r1 ! (f-lead & ne>-:eel1 are ! mo/ tr\blesome to ! beg9n]1 x is well to rememb] t if y\r lead]s are /raggl+ to ! left & y\r :eel]s to ! "r1 pu%+ ^! two c5tre re9s back a little w put ?+s /raight4 ,= ! opposite tr\ble1 pull+ !m =w>d a little w solve ! problem4 ,! lead]s ( a team are !re to help ov] heavy roads & 9 go+ up hill2 b z !y h no pole to support !m1 _! position is ! m tir+ "o1 & !y %\ld be c>$ = accord+ly & n all[$ to pull all ! "t4 ,9 cross+ gutt]s or holl[ places1 be p>ticul>ly c>eful to h y\r lead]s 9 h&1 o!rwise if !y are /ra9+ on ! pole1 ! lift & j]k may break x4 ,?is is n an uncommon accid5t1 & a v awkw>d "o4 ,rememb] t because y are driv+ f\r horses y h no peculi> rights & privileges ov] o!r ,am]ican citiz5s1 ?\gh !y be driv+ only "o horse or a donkey4 ,! c\rtesy ( ! road w usually give ! heavy load a *ance1 b y c only ask1 y may n dem& x4 ,on a public coa*1 mak+ "t & c>ry+ pass5g]s = f>e1 ! horn is bo? a safegu>d & a prop] signal2 b ! toot+ ( a horn on all occasions 9 p>k1 village1 & ord9>y road driv+ is almo/ an imp]t95ce4 ,cessante ratione1 cessat et ipsa lex4 ,if y mu/ h a horn = protection1 drive up & d[n y\r own back road until t necessity is pass$4 ,9 /opp+1 get ready 9 advance & sl[ d[n gradually4 ,get y\r lead]s back a little1 put y\r "r h& on ! re9s z already describ$1 lift ! left h&1 pu% ! "r t[>d y1 & come to a /op ) ! horses z ne>ly z possible 9 _! bits & coll>s ready to />t aga9 7,plate ,,xxxii474 ,! man :o c /op & />t )\t a j]k is a good workman already4 ,be=e gett+ d[n1 put on y\r brake1 always quietly1 !n %ift ! re9s into ! "r h& ) ! :ip1 /ep d[n1 put ! re9s into ! tug-be>] z !y 7 :5 y took !m out1 lay y\r :ip across ! backs ( ! horses1 & y\r task is done4 ,if !re is to be a *ange ( horses1 or y are 9 y\r own /able y>d at ! end ( ! j\rney1 h y\r re9s unbuckl$1 let ! lead]s' re9s be pull$ ?r\gh y\r h&s by ! grooms1 !n ?r[ d[n ! :eel-re9s1 "o on ei!r side1 or1 z circum/ances ( space dem&1 reta9 ! :eel-re9s1 & drive y\r coa* :]e x is to /& by ! :eel]s alone1 aft] ! lead]s are out4 ,above all ?+s1 d no?+ 9 a hurry2 rememb] t y are capta9 ( ! %ip & %\ld n leave x until ev]y?+ is %ip%ape & 9 ord]4 ,:]e y h b "o man at y\r s]vice1 he %\ld /& at ! heads ( ! :eel]s :]e he c hold !m by _! heads & ! lead]s by _! re9s4 ,nev] attempt to hold or to /op a team by runn+ to ! heads ( ! lead]s4 ,!y _c /op if !y w\ld1 ) a coa* & ! two :eel]s pu%+ !m f beh9d4 ,get to ! heads ( ! :eel]s & /op !m1 & ?us1 if x is n too late to d x at all1 /op ! :ole f\r4 ,keep+ f\r horses up to _! "w1 or well 9 h&1 does n mean t !y %\ld be all1 all ! "t1 tugg+ at _! traces4 ,!y %\ld be kept up to _! bits all ! "t1 o!rwise y h no control ov] !m & no way ( signify+ y\r wi%es to !m4 ,if y h f5c$1 y "k h[ absolutely ess5tial x is to keep 9 con/ant t\* ) y\r oppon5t's sword4 ,y feel him by feel+ 8 sword4 ,i h se5 a skilful ,fr5* (fic] f5ce bl9dfold$ ) an inf]ior oppon5t1 he dem&+ only t he %\ld be all[$ to feel 8 oppon5t's weapon at all times1 except :5 he ?ru/1 or p>ri$4 ,he c\ld app>5tly div9e :at 0 com+ by ! feel ( 8 oppon5t's rapi] on 8 own4 ,! feel ( ! bit 9 ! horse's m\? is z important4 ,y c guess :at ! horse int5ds to d1 & ! horse kn[s :at y wi% him to d4 ,if ! bit is n on 8 b>s ) a g5tle pressure all ! "t y are driv+ him1 y are cut (f f any quick connection ) him4 ,?is is :at x means to h y\r team 9 h&1 t is1 to be 9 con/ant communication ) y\r horses' m\?s4 ,mo/ beg9n]s1 ow+ to ! weight ( re9s 9 _! h&s1 & because _! lead]s are s f> away1 ei!r lug on ! re9s1 mi/ak+ ?is = firmness1 or !y all[ ! re9s to dangle4 ,y %\ld feel ea* horse's m\? lightly1 b all ! "t4 ,! lugg+ soon makes a pull]2 :ile ! latt] c>elessness produces :at is kn[n z a nigg]-broke horse1 or "o t is lazy & nev] quickly ob$i5t to ! bit4 ,if y are gett+ toge!r a team = y\rself & by y\rself1 !re=e1 x is f> bett] to drive ea* horse s+le until y "k 8 m\?1 & !n 9 pairs until y are q famili> ) ! way !y l to g be/ z to bits1 c\pl+-re9s1 & ! l4 ,!re are two classes ( p :o h accid5ts3 ! beg9n]s :o are ra%1 & ! old h&s :o are ov]-confid5t1 & h5ce c>eless4 ,:5 y\r driv+ has gone smoo?ly = "s "t y take less pa9s1 a mi/ake is made1 & tr\ble foll[s4 ,b ev5 if c>elessness does n result actually 9 accid5t1 rememb] t x is bad = ! horses n to be kept /rictly up to ! m>k :5ev] !y are driv54 ,! horses become slov5ly 9 _! "w all too quickly1 if y are c>eless 9 y\rs4 ,,rules ,,= ,,judg+ ,,p>k ,,drags ,,& ,,rules ,,= ,,judg+ ,,p>k ,,drags ,,& ,,road-,,coa*es1 ,,z ,,adopt$ ,,by ,,! ,,road-,,coa*es1 ,,z ,,adopt$ ,,by ,,! ,,coa*+ ,,club ,,coa*+ ,,club ,! drag %\ld h a p]* & be,! road-coa* %\ld be built less heavy ?an a road-coa* & /rong] ?an a p>k drag1 m highly f9i%$1 ) cre/ orespecially z to ! "u-c>riage monogram on ! door panels or h9d& axles1 :i* latt] %\ld n boot1 or foot-bo>d4 measure less ?an two in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! axles may be ei!r mail or ,! axles may be ei!r mail or coll+es 7n imitation74 coll+es 7n imitation74 ,! h9d seat %\ld be support$ ,! h9d seat is usually support$ by curv$ iron braces1 & be ( a by solid wood5 ris]s1 ) prop] wid? = two grooms1 wood5 curta91 b ! supports )\t lazy-back4 may be ( curv$ iron1 z 9 a p>k drag1 9 :i* case a /ation>y lea!r curta9 is us$4 ,its seat %\ld be wide en\gh = at lea/ two beside ! gu>d1 :o %\ld occupy ! ne> side ) an extra cu%ion4 ,he %\ld h a /rap to take hold ( :5 /&+ to s\nd ! horn4 ,! lazy-backs on ! ro( seats ,! lazy-backs ( ! box-seat1 %\ld be turn$ d[n :5 n 9 h9d seat1 & ro( seats %\ld be4 use4 /ation>y ,! "u side ( ! foot-bo>d1 ,! "u side ( ! foot-bo>d1 toge!r ) ! rises1 %\ld be toge!r ) ! ris]s ( ! box ( ! same color z ! & rumble1 %\ld be ( ! same "u-c>riage4 color z ! "u-c>riage4 ,! body ( ! drag & ! panel ,! body ( ! coa* & ! panel ( ! h9d boot %\ld correspond ( ! h9d boot %\ld also 9 color4 correspond 9 color4 ,! door ( ! h9d boot %\ld be,! door on ! h9d boot to be h+$ at ! bottom1 t x may h+$ on ! (f side to enable be us$ z a table :5 op54 ! gu>d to op5 x f ! ne> h9d /ep :5 ! coa* is 9 motion4 ,! skid & safety-hook 7if ,! skid & safety-hook mu/ be c>ri$7 %\ld be hung on ! (f hung on ! (f side 9 c\ntries side4 9 9 :i* x is cu/om>y to drive on ! (f side ( ! roadway1 = ! skid %\ld be on ! outside :eel or ! coa* w slide t[>ds ! dit*4 ,x is cu/om>y to trim ! outside,! trimm+ ( ! outside seats seats 9 ei!r pigsk9or clo?1 %\ld be ( c>pet or any o!r & ! inside ( ! drag 9 suitable mat]ial1 n lea!r4 ,! morocco or clo?4 inside ( ! coa* is usually f9i%$ 9 h>d wood or lea!r4 ,! coa*man's driv+ apron1 :5 ,! coa*man's driv+ apron1 :5 n 9 use1 %\ld be fold$ on !n 9 use1 %\ld be fold$ on ! driv+ cu%ion1 outside out4 driv+ cu%ion1 outside out4 ,pass5g]s' aprons1 if c>ri$1 to be fold$ & plac$ on ! front inside seat4 ,a wat* & case are n ess5tial1,a foot-bo>d wat* ) case %\ld nor is ! pocket 9 ! driv+ be provid$4 ,! driv+ cu%ion cu%ion4 %\ld h a pocket on ! ne> side4 ,!re %\ld be no luggage rails1 ,! iron rails on ! ro(1 betwe5 or /raps on ! ro(betwe5 ! ! front & back seats1 %\ld seats4 h a lattice or network ( lea!r /raps to prev5t small luggage1 coats1 rugs1 etc41 plac$ on ! ro(1 f fall+ (f4 ,inside1 ! drag %\ld h3-- ,inside1 ! coa* %\ld h3-- ,hat /raps fa/5$ to ! ro(4 ,hat /raps fa/5$ to ! ro(4 ,pockets on ! doors4 ,lea!r pockets at ! sides or ,places ov] ! front or back on ! doors4 seats :]e ! lamps may ,an extra jo9t$ :ip4 be hung :5 n 9 use4 ,an extra jo9t$ :ip4 ,! umbrella basket :5 c>ri$ to,! basket %all be hung on ! be hung on ! ne> side4 ne> side & 9 front ( ! gu>d's seat4 ,! horn %\ld be plac$ 9 ! basket ) its m\?piece up4 ,lamps (f4--,lamps inside coa*4 ,side lamps 9 place & ready = use4 ,two extra lead b>s1 consi/+ ( ,two extra lead b>s1 consi/+ ( a ma9 & side b>1 fa/5$ to a ma9 & side b>1 fa/5$ to ! back ( ! h9d seat ) ! back ( ! h9d seat ) /raps4 ,ma9 b> above4 /raps4 ,ma9 b> above4 ,lead b>s put on ) screw-heads ,lead b>s put on ) screw-heads ( furniture up4 ( furniture up4 ,! foll[+ articles to be neatly,! foll[+ articles to be neatly /[$ inside ! front boot3-- /[$ 9 a conv5i5t "p ( ! ,a small kit ( tools4 coa*3-- ,an extra lead & :eel trace4 ,a :eel jack4 ,a re9 splic] or two d\ble ,a *a9 trace4 buckles ( diff]5t sizes4 ,an extra bit4 ,extra hame /raps4 ,extra hame /raps4 ,extra lead trace4 ,a be>+-re94 ,a re9 splic]1 or two d\ble buckles ( diff]5t sizes4 ,a kit ( tools1 compris+ a wr5*1 hamm]1 cold *isel1 coil ( wire1 pun*1 ho(-pick1 & knife4 ,two extra l>ge r+s = kidney-l9ks1 or a pair ( pole pieces4 ,lo9-clo?s = team & ! ,! gu>d %\ld be appropriately necess>y wat]pro( aprons %\ld dress$ & %\ld h a way-bill be c>ri$ 9 a conv5i5t & p\* ) a wat* fitt$ on "o accessible "p ( ! drag4 side & a place provid$ = ! key ( ! h9d boot4 ,x is usual = a p>k drag to be fitt$ ) lun*eon boxes1 w9e racks1 etc41 also a box on ! ro( call$ an imp]ial4 ,?is latt] is nev] c>ri$ except :5 go+ to ! races or a lun*eon4 ,pole-*a9s %\ld be burni%$ &,pole-*a9s %\ld be burni%$ or h spr+-hooks4 ,! *a9s black1 b pole head & *a9s %\ld be ( a l5g? :i* w mu/ be alike4 ,hooks %\ld h admit ( snapp+ bo? hooks into india-rubb]r+s1 n ! pole headr+4 ,if too %ort1 spr+-hooks4 "o end %\ld be hook$ 9 ! pole headr+ & ! o!r 9 a ,*a9s ) s+le hooks %\ld be l9k4 ,if too long1 "o end %\ld put on pole-head f inside out1 be snapp$ 9 ! pole headr+1 !n pass$ ?r\gh ! & ! o!r br\ght ?r\gh said kidney-l9k1 & hook$ r+ 7f ! outside 97 & into "o ( ! l9ks ( ! snapp$ 9 a l9k4 *a9s4 ,crupp]s ) buckles on all horses,crupp]s on :eel]s b n pref]r$4 necess>ily on lead]s1 unless be>+-re9s are us$4 ,trace be>]s on ! lead]s f ! hames to ! tug buckles are p]missible4 ,lo9 /raps & trace be>]s are ,no lo9 /raps4 p]missible4 ,face pieces 7drops74 ,face pieces 7optional74 ,m>t+ale ar\nd ! coll>s ( ,m>t+ale ar\nd ! coll> & :eel]s & n ?r\gh n ?r\gh kidney-l9k alone4 kidney-l9k alone4 ,m>t+ales on all horses4 ,no m>t+ales on lead]s2 kidney-l9k r+s on lead]s4 ,m\nt+s ( coa* h>ness & ! ,m\nt+s1 pref]ably ( brass1 b buttons on s]vants' liv]ies at lea/ all ( ! same metal %\ld be ( ! same metal4 ?r\gh\t4 ,:eel traces ) metal loop ends1 ,:eel traces ) ,fr5* loop or n *a9s4 *a9 ends4 ,*a9 put on roll] bolt ) *a9 out & r+ 94 ,:eel]s' inside traces %ort] ,:eel]s' inside traces %ort] ?an outside traces1 unless ! ?an outside traces1 unless ! inside roll] bolt is enl>g$ to inside roll] bolt is enl>g$ to give ! same result4 give ! same result4 ,lead traces /raight or lapp$1 n,lead traces lapp$1 cross$1 or cross$4 /raight4 ,eyes on ends ( hames ?r\gh :i*,hook ends to hames4 ! kidney-l9ks pass4 ,pla9 kidney-l9ks4 ,*a9 & %ort kidney-l9ks or all ,no kidney-l9k r+s on lead]s4 *a94 ,solid draught eyes on hames4 ,r+ draught eyes on hames4 ,clip inside ( trace lea!r1 & ,"o or m be>+-re9s are %[+ rivet heads only4 optional4 ,full be>+-re9s ) bit & ,crupp]s ) or )\t buckles4 bridoon4 ,m>t+ale back /rap4 ,buxton bits pref]r$4 ,s+le po9t /rap to tug buckle4 ,metal or ribbon fronts to bridles4 ,metal or lea!r fronts to bridles4 ,if ribbon1 ! color %\ld mat* ,if lea!r1 ! color to mat* ! ! liv]y wai/coats4 color ( ! coa*4 ,! cre/ or monogram %\ld be on ,a cre/ or monogram is n ! rosettes1 face pieces1 w9k]s1g5]ally us$ 9 road "w1 b pads & m>t+ale flaps4 in/ead lead b>s or a special ,ribbon or color$ rosettes are device 9 brass is put on ! inappropriate4 w9k]s & rosettes4 ,hame /raps put on ) po9ts ,hame /raps put on ) po9ts inside2 i4e4 to ! (f side inside2 i4e4 to ! (f side on ! ne> horse & ! ne> sideon ! ne> horse & ! ne> side on ! (f horse4 on ! (f horse4 ,re9s ( s+le br[n lea!r4 ,re9s ( s+le br[n lea!r4 ,draught-re9s sew$ 9 "o piece ,draught-re9s sew$ 9 "o piece ) end buckles only4 ) end buckles only4 ,lead traces ) screw-heads ( !,traces ) screw-heads ( ! cock-eyes up4 cock-eyes & *a9 ends up4 ,all p>ts ( ! h>ness %\ld be ,all /raps pref]ably ( s+le d\ble & neatly /it*$4 lea!r4 ,coll>s to be ( black pat5t ,coll>s may be ( pat5t1 pla9 lea!r1 %ap$ to ! neck4 black1 or br[n lea!r2 /raight1 ?ick1 & full padd$4 ,! hames b5t to fit ! coll> ,! hames /raight to fit ! accurately4 coll>4 ,h>ness black4--,all /raps %\ld ,h>ness black or br[n4 be ( prop] l5g?1 b n too %ort4 ,:5 ! own] or 8 repres5tative drives1 ! /able %utt]s %\ld be d[n2 o!rwise up4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxiii4--,,pony ,,t&em ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,t&em ,"o horse driv5 9 front ( ! o!r gave a ,univ]sity wag ! opportunity to nickname two horses s driv5 a t&em1 f ! ,lat9 ^w mean+ at l5g?1 z appli$ to "t4 ,?is joke has cry/alliz$ into a famili> ,engli% ^w1 & _m t&em driv]s to-day include all ! ,lat9 9 _! vocabul>y 9 ?is =m ( ex]cise4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( t&em driv+ are mu* ! same z f\r-9-h& driv+1 except t ! horses turn m quickly1 & ) less pressure on ! re9s1 especially 9 ! case ( ! lead]4 ,! re9s1 too1 are clos] toge!r 9 ! h&1 mak+ ! f+]+ m difficult1 & ! h&l+ ( a spirit$ lead] is p]haps z difficult & nice a task z any =m ( driv+ af=ds4 ,al?\gh ! *ief au?ority = ?is *apt]1 ,t4 ,suff]n ,tail]1 ,esq41 late ! presid5t ( ! ,new ,york ,t&em ,club1 decries ! use ( any?+ b traces = ! lead]1--traces fa/5$ to ! traces ( ! :eel]1--x is fair to ! read] to describe ano!r me?od ( h>ness+4 ,?is me?od consi/s ( hav+ two sw+le-b>s1 "o #b feet #f in*es 9 l5g?1 ! o!r ab\t #b feet 9 l5g?4 ,! fir/ has a hook 9 front & a *a9 at ! back1 ab\t #a foot 9 l5g?4 ,?is *a9 is hook$ to a r+ at ! bottom ( ! :eel]'s hames1 & at ! end are two %ort traces fa/5+ to ! :eel]'s traces by two r+s1 or loops1 "u ! trace-buckles4 ,! second b> is atta*$ by an eyelet to ! hook ( ! fir/ b>2 to ?is1 ( c\rse1 are atta*$ ! lead]'s traces 9 ! usual mann]4 ,advocates ( ?is way ( h>ness+ claim t by ?is me?od ! lead]'s traces may be made almo/ z %ort z ^? ( ! :eel]1 & t !re is f> less dang]--none1 inde$--( a lead] gett+ 8 legs ov] a trace4 ,9 t&em h>ness !re %\ld be z little h>ness z possible1 ev5 bree*+ omitt$1 except 9 a v hilly c\ntry4 ,"o ( ! advantages ( ?is =m ( driv+ sport is t1 ev5 ) a small /able & few horses1 "o may drive t&em )\t any great extra outlay4 ,! :eel]'s h>ness may be an ord9>y set ( s+le h>ness1 ) d\ble t]rets 9 ! pad1 & t]rets above ! bl9k]s1 to c>ry ! lead]'s re9s4 ,! lead]'s h>ness may be ! same1 ) a v light pad1 s9ce ! pad 9 ! lead]'s case only c>ries ! traces4 ,! traces ( ! lead] h spr+-hooks :i* are fa/5$ to ! brass r+s1 or loops1 "u ! :eel]'s trace-buckles4 ,on ! lead]'s pad are two lea!r loops to c>ry ! traces1 & ov] ! lead]'s lo9s1 a be>+ /rap1 j long en\gh to keep ! traces level4 ,! re9s %\ld be light1 /rong1 & ( ! same size1 & suit$ to ! size ( ! coa*man's h&s4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to say t to fa/5 ! lead]'s traces to ! ends ( ! %afts is suicidally dang]\s2 b z x is sometimes done ! w>n+ is ne$$4 ,! writ]'s own exp]i5ce 9 driv+ t&em has be5 conf9$ mo/ly to a pony t&em1 a =m ( amusem5t /rongly recomm5d$ by ,lady ,gorgiana ,curzon 9 ! ,badm9ton volume on ,driv+4 ,two ponies1 a /ocky1 %ort-legg$ pony #ad4b 9 ! :eel1 & a bre$i] specim5 ( ! same height 9 ! lead1 make a pair t b[l along at a good rate1 are light 9 h&1 & give y\ng] memb]s ( ! family capital practice 9 ! h&l+ ( f\r re9s 9 "o h&4 ,if y h a ,phidippides 9 ! family1 by all means put him to "w at t&em driv+4 ,x is good = 8 c\rage1 & may be good = 8 conceit 7,plate ,,xxxiii474 ,e "o :o has driv5 t&em mu*1 & almo/ e "o :o has n driv5 t&em at all1 agree3 ! fir/ t t&em driv+ is excell5t sport1 & n dang]\s2 ! latt] t x is a fooli% wa/e ( equ9e en]gy1 & v dang]\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxiv4--,,t&em ,,dog-,,c>t ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxv4--,,high ,,& ,,dang]\s ,,cock+-,,c>t ,all =ms ( driv+ are dang]\s1 f pilot+ ,dobb9 9 a f>m-wagon1 to driv+ a drag to a race meet+1 if ! coa*man is ignorant1 c>eless1 & n]v\s4 ,ev5 ,dobb9 may g d[n on 8 knees1 or %y1 & run away1 if he is n look$ aft]4 ,b t&em driv+ is no m dang]\s ?an o!r =ms ( driv+1 if h>ness1 c>t1 & horses are suit$ to ! sport1 & ! coa*man is =ev] vigilant4 ,!re is no d\bt b t mo/ horses enjoy go+ ?is way1 & ! *ange is good = !m1 & x is excell5t practice2 none bett]1 inde$1 = _! own]4 ,9 putt+ two horses toge!r 9 ?is fa%ion ! traces ( ! lead] may be z %ort z possible1 say ?ree feet f ! nose ( ! :eel] to ! cr\p ( ! lead]1 :5 ! traces are taut4 ,! lead]1 if a bre$y-look+ animal1 ) good neck & %\ld]s1 may we> to advantage a brea/ coll>1 in/ead ( a neck coll>4 ,he may1 inde$1 be ) propriety z lightly h>ness$ z possible4 ,! orig9 ( ! t&em 0 a conv5i5t way ( tak+ a hunt] to cov] by putt+ him 9 ! lead ( a dog-c>t1 ) 8 saddle & bridle c>ri$ along 9 ! c>t4 ,ev5 to ?is day ?is p$igree ( ! t&em m>ks out ! prop] proportions & prop] qualities = bo? :eel] & lead]4 ,! lead] may ?us be driv5 appropriately 9 a r+ snaffle1 al?\gh probably ! be/ bits are ! ,liv]pool or ,elb[ bits ) ! n-to-be-=gott5 proviso t ! :eel]'s bit %\ld h a b> across ! bottom ( x to prev5t ! :eel] cat*+ ! lead]'s re9 "u ! end ( ! *eek-piece ( 8 bit--a trick "o ( ! writ]'s ponies soon le>n$1 & 0 mu* my/ifi$ = days to f9d t ! trick w\ld n come (f1 aft] a b> _h be5 add$ to ! bottom ( h] bit4 ,if ! :eel] indulges 9 mu* %ak+ ab\t ( 8 head1 he %\ld h bo? a light be>+-re9 & a m>t+ale4 ,! lead] ought to be ! type ( horse :i* ne$s nei!r ( ^! fixtures4 ,! :ip may be light] ?an ! coa*-:ip1 & #e feet long = ! /ick1 & #h feet #f in*es = ! la%1 if y are driv+ ponies2 #b feet long] 9 ! la% if driv+ full-siz$ horses4 ,be=e attempt+ a t&em ) any horses y happ5 to h 9 ! /able1 x is well to d a little tra9+ ( ! "o y propose to use z lead]4 ,) a pair ( long re9s y %\ld drive him ) no?+ beh9d him1 s t he may become accu/om$ to mov+ along ) no weight on 8 coll>4 ,let ! re9s t\* 8 qu>t]s s t he may become accu/om$ to ! loose traces 9 :i* he w g lat]4 ,"s horses take to ?is way ( go+ l ducks to wat]1 & make no objections & few mi/akes f ! beg9n+2 b x is be/1 9 any case1 to d a little tra9+ be=e !y are put toge!r 9 :at mu/ be a novel way to !m4 ,z ! pressure %\ld be less1 & ! loops tak5 small]1 9 t&em driv+1 mu* ( ! turn+ may be done by ! turn ( ! wri/ & ! mov+ ( ! h& f left to "r1 z describ$ 9 ! *apt] on driv+ "o horse4 ,9 turn+1 ! po9ts to "r & left %\ld be small1 & c>e tak5 to keep y\r :eel] f ru%+ 8 corn]s1 z he may s easily d ) a two-:eel$ trap beh9d him4 ,if y\r lead] is go+ (f to ! left too mu* & y\r :eel] to ! "r1 pu% y\r two c5tre re9s back a little1 & ?is w /raight5 !m out2 or if ! contr>y is ! case1 & y\r lead] is go+ to ! "r & y\r :eel] to ! left1 pull ! two c5tre re9s out a bit4 ,! two c5tre re9s are1 ! upp] "o1 y\r (f lead-re91 ! l[] "o1 y\r ne> :eel-re94 ,x is m ?an ev] necess>y t ! left h& %\ld be kept 9 its place1 & ! re9s held firmly 9 _! place1 o!rwise y\r team w nev] be /raight = long at a "t4 ,! left h& %\ld be held z 9 driv+ f\r4 ,:5 ! "r h& is us$ on all ! re9s1 ! little & ?ird f+]s g ov] ! two (f side re9s1 ! middle f+] ov] ! ne> :eel-re91 & ! fir/ f+] ov] ! ne> lead-re91 ?us giv+ ! "r h& control ov] ea* & all ( ! re9s4 ,! two (f side re9s may be kept toge!r1 = 9 t&em driv+ x is only necess>y to make po9ts :5 turn+ practically at "r angles4 ,! horses %\ld foll[ "o ano!r )\t mak+ a break betwe5 y\r lead] & :eel] by hav+ ! lead] at "r angles to ! :eel] :5 mak+ a turn4 ,too l>ge a loop tak5 ) only "o re9 is v apt to br+ y\r lead] ar\nd too fa/ & too f>4 ,nev] "u any circum/ances h y\r lead traces taut :5 mak+ a turn1 z y may ?us pull y\r :eel] (f 8 feet1 & 9 any case1 :5 ! lead traces are taut1 x is y\r lead]1 & n y1 :o is 9 control4 ,?\gh driv+ t&em is simil> 9 ! manipulation ( ! re9s to driv+ f\r1 x is on a m9iature scale4 ,ev]y?+ mu/ be done m g5tly1 m quietly1 m quickly1 & all loops or po9ts ne$ only be ( ! smalle/4 ,! :eel] %\ld />t & /op ! c>t1 & once !y are go+1 ! :eel] %\ld foll[ directly beh9d ! lead]4 ,! re9s 9 a t&em come into ! h& mu* clos] toge!r ?an 9 ! case ( a f\r1 :]e ! horses1 be+ spread out1 ! re9s are accord+ly ap>t4 ,?is makes ! h&l+ ( t&em re9s quickly1 difficult4 ,:5 wi%+ to use ! "r h&1 if ! left be pu%$ =w>d slightly x gives ! "r h& a *ance to place itself correctly on ! re9s1 z ! re9s are ?us pu%$ slightly ap>t4 ,9 t&em driv+ x is ( supreme importance to be ready 9 advance4 ,:e!r /opp+1 />t+1 turn+1 increas+1 or slack+ y\r pace1 y\r "r h& %\ld n be fumbl+ to get itself on ! "r re9s1 b %\ld be !re1 & ready1 be=e x is requir$4 ,a quick1 n]v\s lead] c turn1 /op1 />t1 & back l a fla%4 ,if y are n ready = him be=e he gets go+1 no mortal is quick en\gh to cat* him aft]w>ds4 ,! damage is done1 & y\r horses 9 a tangle :ile y are /ill grop+ ) y\r "r h& = ! prop] re9s4 ,9 pass+ o!r vehicles1 or any object t y ?9k may cause y\r lead] to %y1 always h a small loop ( t side re9 "u y\r ?umb1 & y\r "r h& ready to put on ! brakes on :i*ev] re9 requires x1 in/antly1 be=e ei!r horse c make mu* ( a dt\r4 ,a horse met at once ) a rebuke is half p]suad$ already to come to t]ms4 ,! c>t1 if ponies are driv51 %\ld n be too light nor too l[4 ,) :eels #d feet #i or #aj in*es 9 diamet]1 ! coa*man's seat w be ab\t #e feet #d f ! gr\nd4 ,! wid] ! c>t1 up to #f feet wide inside1 ! bett]1 bo? = ! com=t ( ! pass5g]s1 & because a broad track less5s ! dang] ( upsett+4 ,! body ( ! c>t %\ld be set z l[ on ! axles z possible4 ,a c>t ) b5t %afts pivot$ on ! front "p ( ! c>t1 & adju/able beh9d1 ) :eels five feet high1 & track five feet wide1 w accommodate any?+1 f #ad4b to #af h&s1 & makes1 if lightly built1 a good all-r\nd two-:eel c>t = all sorts ( purposes4 ,a slant ( f ?ree to f\r in*es = ! driv+ cu%ion makes a com=table angle = ! seat4 ,if necess>y1 h a movable foot-re/1 b on no acc\nt a rail = y\r feet4 ,see1 on ?is subject1 rem>ks 9 ! *apt] on driv+ "o horse4 ,^! descriptions & requirem5ts d n purport to guide "o 9 sett+ up a t&em = %[ purposes4 ,?is bran* ( ! subject is dealt ) completely1 & ) exp]i5c$ compet5cy1 by ,mr4 ,tail] 9 ! next *apt]4 ,b t&em driv+ is too good a sport to be conf9$ to ! %[ r+4 ,any ent]pris+ horse own] may put to a t&em out ( 8 own /able )\t add+ mu* to ! exp5se ( 8 /able1 :ile add+ greatly to ! v>iety ( sport to be got out ( 8 e/abli%m5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,driv+ ,,t&em1 ,,by ,t4 ,,suff]n ,,tail]1 ,,esq4 ,n e pa? ext5ds ! same1 ,b v>i\s are ! roads to fame2 ,) diff]5t eye ! same pursuits we view1 ,nor all "o wi% ) equal zeal pursue4 ,x is arrang$1 no d\bt wisely1 t happ9ess1 :i* is ! univ]sal aim ( mank9d1 may be pursu$ by num]\s roads1 & t !y :o seek x on :eels may *oose f a v>iety ( conveyances4 ,"s press =w>d to ! goal a/ride ! bicycle1 or 9 ! automobile1 = :i* vehicles x may be claim$ t at any rate !y don't co/ mu* to fe$2 o!rs drive furi\sly 9 a c(f9-%ap$ box )9 f\r spid] :eels2 & yet o!rs pref]1-- ,to da% along ) f\r-9-h&1 :ile o!rs drive at r&om1 ,9 :iskey1 buggy1 gig or dog-c>t1 curricle or t&em4 ,accord+ ! "r ( way to ?is procession1 ,i at l5g? claim ! privilege to take my pleasure 9 driv+ a t&em4 ,"o ( ! fir/ requisites ( ?is is n]ve1--an indisp5sable requisite1 9 fact4 ,x is ! v spice ( dang] t makes ?is =m ( driv+ excit+2 b = a man :o has n]ve1 & acquires ! prop] am\nt ( skill1 !re is no m dang] 9 driv+ a t&em ?an any o!r equipage 9 vogue4 ,few] accid5ts befall exp]i5c$ t&em driv]s ?an ^? :o drive any local /yle ( turn\t4 ,= example1 a man 9 a road wagon ( ! conv5tional /yle1 ) f\r :eels conf9+ him 9 a n>r[ box1 :5 8 horse bolts has no means :atsoev] ( sav+ himself2 :]eas1 9 a dog-c>t1 al?\gh :5 ! :eel] goes d[n he may get a fa!r & "m ( a fall1 he does n "p company ) ! vehicle4 ,x seems to be e/abli%$ t ! mo/ compet5t au?ority on a subject is "o :o has mu* !oretical1 & little practical1 k ( x4 ,= a t&em set up on !ories alone1 ! horses mu/ be a pair p]fectly mat*$ 9 figure1 height1 color1 & action2 ei!r1 !re=e1 fit to *ange places )1 & to d ! "w (1 ! o!r4 ,exp]i5c$ t&em driv]s ^: op9ions are entitl$ to consid]ation diss5t decid$ly f ?is view4 ,!y ma9ta9 t if ! :eel]1 t holds ! entire weight on desc5d+1 & p]=ms ne>ly all ! "w1 on level gr\nd1 = :i* great /r5g? & /raight action are necess>y1 is ! /&>d ( ! pair1 a lead] patt]n$ on ?is type w be too /\t & too co>se4 ,if ! lead]1 on ! o!r h&1 9 quality1 figure1 & action is ( ! p]fect type1 he w be too light1 & o!rwise unsuit$ = ! :eel]'s place4 ,= t&em c>ts ( /&>d weight1 ! :eel]1 :i* is ! *ief factor or ma9/ay ( ! t&em1 %\ld be #ae4c h&s high1 ) a well-cut head1 deep1 slop+ %\ld]s1 broad *e/1 %ort1 /raight back1 wide hips1 & /rong qu>t]s on %ort1 /rong legs4 ,to prev5t angles 91 & to af=d direct draught ( ! driv+-re9s1 ! head %\ld be c>ri$ /raight & naturally1--nei!r ) nose pok$ out 9 front1 nor po9t$ high l a />-gaz]'s1 nor yet drawn 9 to ! *e/1--& he %\ld be a fa/ & /raight go]1 wa/+ none ( 8 =ce 9 extravagant action4 ,a road/] good1 n /raddl+ high1 ,nor %uffl+ l[1 ,i f9d !e2 ,b /epp+ /raight & *e]ily ,?\ leav'/ ! miles beh9d !e4 ,! lead]1 ^: duties seem to be ornam5tal *iefly1 he hav+ no?+ to c>ry b 8 h>ness1 little "w to d except on heavy or hilly roads1 & no?+ to hold d[n hill1 ne$ h none ( ! qualities m5tion$ z indisp5sable requisites 9 ! :eel]4 ,) a :eel]1 z be=e describ$1 #ae4c 9 height1 ,i %\ld *oose a lead] #ae4b or #ae4b2 a half or ?ree-qu>t]s ?or\ghbr$1 b ) pl5ty ( sub/ance & bone4 ,he %\ld h high /yle & high action all r\nd2 raki% & gamy 9 =m1 _s1 & action2 ! head lean & ?or\ghbr$ look+2 long1 clean neck1 ) good cre/2 head well up & nose a little out2 e>s small1 s5sitive1 & po9t+ to ! front2 deep1 slop+ %\ld]s1 high on ! )]s2 %ort1 /raight back2 /rong1 muscul> lo9s2 /raight hips2 /rong 9 ! h9d qu>t]s1 ) muscles runn+ well d[n4 ,to ?is %\ld be add$ a light m\?1 well bitt$1 respond+ ) ! :ole body to ! lighte/ t\* ( ! re92 ! mann]s & grace ( a g5tleman2 good s5se & coolness 9 tight places1 *oos+ (t5 8 own way ) c\rage & confid5ce1--a r>e & lovable ?+ 9 ,god's creation1 b su* !re be or may be made 7,plate ,,xxxvii474 ,( t&em c>ts !re are v>i\s patt]ns1 b ) ! ,new ,york ,t&em ,club1 ! memb]s ( :i* h be5 reg>d$ z ! be/ expon5ts1 9 ?is c\ntry at lea/1 ( ! prop] way ( appo9t+ a t&em1 z well z ( driv+ x1 ! ,:ite*apel1 & ! dog-c>t repres5t$ 9 ,h5d]son's admirable picture entitl$ ,go+ to ,cov]1 are ! two designs 9 favor at ! pres5t "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxvi4--,,t&em ,,( ,,mr4 ,mc,c,a,n,d,l,e,s,s ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xxxvii4--,,t&em ,,( ,,mr4 ,t4 ,,suff]n ,,tail] ,hi!rto ! =m] has be5 ! mo/ popul>1 d\btless ow+ to its be+ ! patt]n adopt$ by build]s1 b x has s9ce yield$ place 9 ! e/imation ( t&em driv]s to ! dog-c>t describ$ 7,plate ,,xxxiv472 ?\gh bo? are1 & w cont9ue to be1 reg>d$ z ! highe/ types ( _! respective k9ds4 ,! ,:ite*apel c>t d]ives its "n f a locality 9 ! ,ea/ ,end ( ,london1 n ne>ly z ari/ocratic z ,belgravia1 & 0 orig9ally int5d$ = "s practical purpose1 su* z hawk+ vegetables or milk1 = example4 ,x is rude 9 "*1 &1 l ! hansom cab1 n susceptible ( mu* ref9em5t1 & its primitive /yle is by no means improv$ by rails1 lamps1 & fitt+s ( %afts1 9 bright metals4 ,well hors$1 ) appropriate h>ness1 aprons1 & a sm>t s]vant1 & driv5 by an accompli%$ :ip1 made up 9 sympa?y1 a ,:ite*apel t&em is a mo/ audaci\s v>m9t turn\t4 ,! %afts ( a ,:ite*apel be+ /raight1 9 keep+ ) its %>p1 raki% l9es1 & its :eels be+ ( prop] height1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( op5 space betwe5 ! body & c>riage is unavoidable2 b t objectionable feature may be 9 "s degree obviat$1 by pa9t+ ! latt] 9 d>k colors1 ) black /rip+1 al?\gh primrose & v]milion on ! "u-c>riage are colors v effective & pleas+4 ,a dog-c>t ( ! design 9 ! famili> pr9t ref]r$ to1 z its "n & ! bl9ds 9 its panels imply1 0 inv5t$ = ! conveyance ( dogs inside1 & is q diff]5t 9 "*1 z x is also sup]ior 9 po9t ( com=t1 to a ,:ite*apel4 ,a slight b5d 9 ! %afts ne> _! po9ts is favorable to clos] relations ( ! body & c>riage p>ts ?an w\ld be possible ) /raight %afts1 a desirable effect 9 c>riage build+ t]m$ %utt+ up ! daylight4 ,! mo/ effective colors = ?is c>t are3 = ! panels1 :i* are c>v$ 9 imitation ( basket1 a /raw or cream1 & = ! %afts1 :eels1 etc41 brighte/ v]milion /rip$ ) black4 ,cu%ions ( d>k colors seem mo/ appropriate = a c>t pa9t$ z describ$1 z !y are 9 agreeable contra/2 b1 z !y are affect$ by exposure to du/1 ra91 & ! sun1 drab ,b$=d cord is ! mat]ial to be pref]r$4 ,! sup]ior com=t ( ?is dog-c>t is attributable to ! con/ruction ( its body1 :i* is practically a box1 op5 only at its ends on :i*1 ! rails be+ b5t outw>ds1 ! greate/ seat+ capacity is secur$1 & to ! facility = gett+ on & (f1 :i* is ( importance on long j\rneys1 :5 ! duties ( ! groom1 :o has be5 s5t =w>d 9 advance1 are p]=m$ by ! pass5g] occupy+ ! h9d seat4 ,! bright v]milion & clean /raw colors ( ?is c>t are especially effective 9 competitions on ! tan-b>k by gaslight1 :]e d>k colors %[ to less advantage4 ,! cock+-c>t 7,plate ,,xxxv47 is ano!r /yle1 :i* f its v sm>tness & dang]\s height seems especially adapt$ to t&em driv+1 & is be/ describ$ z ! front boot ( a coa* on two :eels4 ,a local t&em driv] in=ms me t he once propos$ giv+ 8 ,london build] an ord] = a c>t ( ?is k9d1 b ?\gh ! build] decl>$ 8 read9ess to und]take its con/ruction on ! l9es famili> to him ?r\gh 8 ance/ors :o built t sort ( breakneck vehicle1 ! cu/om] 0 advis$ n to tru/ 8 life on su* a t[] ^u :eels4 ,! cock+-c>t 0 us$ = convey+ game f[ls to ! cock-pit1 on arriv+ at :i* de/9ation !y 7 ?\ght to be1 f ! %ak+ up !y _h receiv$ on ! j\rney1 9 prime condition & temp] = ! com+ battle4 ,except to be us$ exclusively = fancy t&em "w1 ,i w\ld n advise ! pur*ase ( a cock+-c>t1 z1 = driv+ a s+le horse1 x is n to be comp>$ ) ei!r a ,:ite*apel or a dog-c>t4 ,!re are /ill o!r patt]ns ( c>ts1 "s ( :i* are v good1 b ,i h describ$ ^? ,i ?9k be/ suit$ to t&em driv+4 ,:i* ( ! _m k9ds ( draughts = c>ts is mo/ practical is a "q giv+ rise to mu* discussion4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t1 :i*ev] is us$1 :ile x may be plac$ a little bel[ ! level ( ! hames-draughts1 x %\ld nev] be fix$ above t l9e4 ,an old t&em driv]1 to ^: judgm5t ,i def]1 in=ms me t1 hav+ tri$ all sorts ( draughts1 he pref]s t f hooks fix$ to ! cross-b>1 :i* he us$ _m ye>s )\t a gall$ %\ld]1 b :i* w\ld be unsuit$ to c>ts ) v high :eels & high1 /raight %afts4 ,if a horse 9 a well-fitt+ coll> is prop]ly put to a c>t by 8 h>ness1 ) saddle firmly fix$ 9 its place1 & back-b& loose to all[ ! %afts to play 9 _! tugs1 he w "w f fix$ draughts )\t be+ injur$4 ,r+ hames-draughts1 ( old /yle1 :i* are mo/ practical ( all1 w contribute m to a horse's com=t ?an all ! new fads 9 draw+-hooks & b>s4 ,! mo/ practical t&em h>ness1 & ! mo/ effective on all horses1 ) all c>ts1 & 9 all places1 0 sugge/$ by1 & 9 "* is simil> to1 ! f\r-horse h>ness ( mail & /age-coa* days1 :5 ev]y?+ useful & no?+ sup]flu\s1 0 ! rule4 ,"s ( its sali5t features are its coll>s ) angul> or po9t$ ?roats1 = prev5t+ *ok+ f pressure on ! w9dpipe2 r+$ hames-draughts--lea/ rigid1 mo/ yield+ to %\ld]s1 & mo/ durable ev] design$1 & l e two metal p>ts work+ on ea* o!r 7z lead]'s spr+ trace-hooks & t&em eyes ( :eel]'s trace-buckles71 poli%$ to avoid mutilation by friction2 lead]'s pad1 or saddle1 %ap$ to suit ! back1 h[ev] %>p2 /rapp+ 7z crupp]s1 lo9-/rap1 etc47 unl9$ & un/it*$1 9 keep+ ) ! broad1 /\t traces ( s+le ?ickness1 ( :i* ! :eel]'s1 furni%$ ) *a9s at ! ends1 are adaptable to ! draughts1 h[ev] long or %ort1 ( all c>ts )\t mov+ ! po9ts ( traces or disfigur+ !m ) ?ree-corn]$ holes made by a jack-knife4 ,! h>ness above describ$1 :ile specially 9 keep+ ) ! ,:ite*apel c>t1 is v appropriate = ! m %[y1 highly pa9t$ dog-c>t2 z ! m co/ly l9$ & mu*-sewn h>ness is n out ( place 9 bo? ^! traps4 ,! *ief objection1 & almo/ ! sole "o1 to ! h>ness ( my *oice1 is its reasonable co/--none :atev] to its appe>ance or effect c be (f]$1 a set ea* ( br[n & black lea!r co/+1 toge!r1 little m ?an ! value ( "o set ( ! o!r k9d ( h>ness4 ,! t&em ( ,mr4 ,g4 ,f4 ,mc,candless 7,plate ,,xxxvi471 an honor>y memb] ( ! ,new ,york ,t&em ,club1 w be rememb]$ by ^? :o saw x 9 ! competitions at ! fir/ horse %[2 = effective association ( colors ( horses & c>t1 z well z = o!r appo9tm5ts1 x /ood at t "t unrivall$1 :e!r se5 on ! road1 9 ! p>k1 or on ! tan-b>k ( ,madison ,squ>e ,g>d54 ,! illu/ration is by ,gray-,p>k]4 ,x is only a sket*1 & 9 x !re are defects :i* did n exi/ 9 ! orig9al4 ,= example1 ,mr4 ,mc,candless's position on ! box is too rigid & /raight2 ! :eel] is too f> away f 8 "w4 ,nev]!less1 ! draw+ is v sm>t4 ,?is is a good example ( ! go+-to-cov] c>t describ$ above4 ,mr4 ,mc,candless1 ^: ta/e 9 su* matt]s w n be que/ion$1 has 9 use ! h>ness recomm5d$ 9 ?is article4 ,inquiries are sometimes made z to ! correctness ( us+ ei!r ! lead]'s lo9-/rap1 or :eel]'s kick+-/rap alone1 t is1 ei!r )\t ! o!r4 ,bo? are practical appliances1 & ei!r or bo? may be disp5s$ )1 ?\gh ! lo9-/rap seems to be necess>y = su/a9+ ! v consid]able l5g? ( ! lead traces2 :ile ! kick+-/rap1 except = f9i%1 is necess>y only :5 a kick] 9 ! %afts is to be re/ra9$4 ,a bree*+ = ! :eel]1 entirely useless on ! level1 is indisp5sable = j\rneys ?r\gh a hilly c\ntry4 ,views diff] z to ! l5g? ( lead traces4 ,x is admitt$ t to place a draught-horse z ne> 8 "w z possible is pref]able1 b x is claim$ t ! rule does n apply to a t&em lead]1 :o works only on heavy or hilly gr\nd1 8 (fice be+ *iefly ornam5tal2 inde$1 z a fri5d ( m9e us$ to say1 ! duty ( ! lead] 0 to deceive ! :eel]1 :o w\ld *e]fully d all ! "w 9 t&em1 :5 he seem$ to und]/& t he 0 be+ pull$ along1 ?\gh he 0 dull 9 s+le h>ness4 ,a longi% t&em is good 9 outl9e1 & = horses #ae4c h&s ,i pref] lead traces #aj feet to #aj feet #f in*es 9 l5g?4 ,%ort traces1 requir+ ! lead] at all times to be 9 8 coll> to keep cle> ( ! :eel]1 are especially adapt$ to ! use ( driv]s ^: lead]s are always at "w up hill1 d[n hill1 & on level gr\nd2 :ile long] ones are ! sort = skilful p]=m]s ^: lead traces are g5tly sw++ :51 on smoo? roads1 ! c>t seems to run ( itself4 ,)9 a few ye>s !re has be5 inv5t$ a contrivance = atta*+ lead traces to ! :eel]'s h>ness by two b>s1 or :iffletrees1 ( diff]5t l5g?s1 susp5d$ by a *a9 f ! :eel]'s hames-*a94 ,= ! use ( ladies :o drive t&em1 or occasional exp]im5tal driv]s ( ! o!r sex1 su* safety arrangem5t mu/ be invaluable1 b t&em driv]s ( ! old s*ool w\ld h>dly utilize su* sub/itutes = skill1 or1 to use an ,engli% slang t]m1 !y w\ldn't be f\nd dead ) 'em1 le/ !y be d5i$ a dec5t burial4 ,! driv+ seat1 :i* is call$ ! box1 is made up ( a holl[ wood5 box1 ) top slop+1 f ! requir$ height at ! back1 to its front edge (1 say1 two or m in*es 9 ?ickness1 ! f\r sides be+ cov]$ ) ! same mat]ial z t ( ! cu%ion1 :i* is scoop$ or holl[$ on its upp] surface1 slop$ on its side edges1 tuft$ ?r\gh\t its bread? & dep? = firmness1 & %\ld be fitt$ to ! driv]4 ,= adapt+ x to ! use ( all driv]s1 ( :atev] l5g? ( leg1 !re is a cu%ion ( no fix$ dim5sions2 b x is f\nd t "o com=table = a man (1 say1 #e feet #aj in*es1 & av]age weight1 ) a correct seat & slightly b5t knees & feet drawn toge!r1 w suit ne>ly all1 ! %ort] man sitt+ a little =w>d & ! tall] "o a little back ^u ! cu%ion4 ,a box-cu%ion s ?ick 9 its front edge z to *afe ! "u side ( ! legs ( a driv] ) a good seat & feet re/+ naturally aga9/ ! slop+ foot-bo>d1 w cause mu* discom=t4 ,a score or m ( ye>s ago 9 ,engl& 0 conceiv$ ! fad ( pla91 un%ap$ box-cu%ions = coa*es1 s high at ! back & ) a pit* s /eep t ! dragsman c\ld n sit 9 & c\ld only lean aga9/ !m1 ne>ly ?is entire weight be+ su/a9$ by ! foot-bo>d2 an example ( :i* may be se5 9 ,b>r&'s picture entitl$1 ,! ,london ,season1 publi%$ 9 #ahgj4 ,?is absurd fa%ion 0 %ort-liv$4 ,if su* a cu%ion is unsuit$ to a coa*1 x is ev5 m unfit = a two-:eel$ c>t1 because :5 ! (f-side :eel drops sudd5ly into a hole1 or /rikes ! gr\nd aft] pass+ ov] a consid]able ob/acle1 ! driv] f 8 lean+ position1 8 legs be+ /raight & rigid1 is liable to be %ot out ( 8 seat into ! road1 or deposit$ on ! w+ ov] ! :eel1 f :i* latt] place a fri5d ( m9e in=ms me he 0 (t5 s =tunate1 :5 us+ ! objectionable sort ( cu%ion describ$1 z to be able to scramble back into 8 place )\t pull+ up4 ,sitt+ 91 n lean+ aga9/1 a %ap$ cu%ion1 ) body erect & knees slightly b5t1 & yield+ to ! motion ( ! c>t1 ! dang] m5tion$ w be mat]ially less5$1 & if =ew>n$ ( a :eel]'s fall+1 ! driv] may save himself f be+ l&$ beyond ! horse's head1 ev5 if he fails to reta9 8 seat 9 ! c>t4 ,x mu/ h be5 to ?is con=m+ to ! movem5t ( ! vehicle on ! importance ( :i*1 z affect+ safety1 s mu* /ress is laid1 t ! celebrat$ ,jack ,mytton ow$ 8 pres]vation :51 runn+ 8 gig-:eel up a bank1 he af=d$ 8 pass5g] a new s5sation by pit*+ him out l a sack ( meal1 & :51 also1 z 0 8 cu/om1 he *>g$ a gate ) 8 t&em1 = he surviv$ ^? & o!r simil> exploits4 ,9 my limit$ exp]i5ce 9 driv+ t&ems ,i h nev] _h a lead]1 h[ev] vici\s1 "p company ) ! :eel] & bolt ) 8 h>ness dangl+ ab\t him2 b if t ev5t is yet to occur1 & ! tw5ty-?ree feet ( lead-re9s run cle>1 leav+ my :eel]'s bridle intact & 9 place1 ,i %all attribute su* good =tune to unbuckl$ h&-p>ts1 & to ! fre$om ( action ( ! swivels 9 my :eel ?roat-lat*1 s v practical1 & s mu* to be pref]r$ to ! fixtures atta*+ to ! rosettes at ! :eel]'s e>s4 ,! :ip1 l e o!r appo9tm5t ( ! t&em1 is ,engli%1 & is a v diff]5t affair f ! flail-l in/rum5t us$ by our ance/ors4 ,( a t&em-:ip1 ! /ick %\ld be #e feet & ! ?ong #ab feet #f in*es long4 ,"s au?orities fix ! l5g? ( ! ?ong at #aj feet or ev5 less1 to :i*1 ?\gh seem+ly impracticable1 c]ta9 t&em driv]s con=m involunt>ily by cutt+ (f ) _! :eel a y>d or s ( po9t & leav+ x 9 ! road4 ,! conv5i5t disposal ( ?is ?ong ( su* consid]able l5g? sev]ely tries ! pati5ce & te/s ! skill ( ! beg9n]4 ,hold+ ! /ick 9 ! "r h& at ab\t ! upp] m\nt+ = balance1 & ! po9t ( ! ?ong betwe5 ! /ick & ! f+]s1 by a dext]\s motion1 proce$+ entirely f ! wri/1 pit* ! ?ong ov] to ! "r (1 & away f1 ! /ick1 :i*1 be+ sudd5ly /opp$1 ! ?ong returns ^u & is w\nd r\nd x ab\t f\r times1 produc+ ! long1 dep5d+1 op5 loop1 :i* is call$ ! d\ble ?ong4 ,! coils are foll[$ d[n ! /ick by a small loop1 & yet o!r coils ( ! po9t ( ! ?ong1 b 9 ! opposite direction to ! fir/ ones4 ,tak+ ! small l[] loop betwe5 ! ?umb & =ef+] ( ! re9-h& 7:i* %\ld 9 no case be di/urb$ or div]t$ f its purpose :5 driv+71 by a movem5t ( ! /ick ) ! "r1 dis5gage ! po9t ( ! ?ong & lay x along ! /ick to ! h&4 ,a turn or two ( ! d\ble ?ong r\nd ! /ick to ! "r1 or (f side1 w effect ! figure #h1 :i* "s au?orities condemn1 b :i* is practical1 z x holds ! ?ong on ! /ick :5 d\ble ?ong+ a :eel]1 or :5 driv+ 9 a high w9d2 & _m old coa*+ pr9ts atte/ its correctness1 al?\gh x has (t5 be5 sugge/$ t ! me?ods ( ! m5 work+ a coa* a hundr$ miles a day1 :5 coa*+ 0 a trade z well z an art1 h be5 improv$ ^u s9ce x became a pa/ime4 ,! cat*+ ( two d\ble ?ongs at ! same "t1 ) z _m :ips held "o 9 ea* h&1 is an altoge!r useless p]=mance1 & is sugge/ive ( ! practice ( leg]dema9 r ?an coa*+4 ,m5 :o drive1 or :o h driv5 _! own teams1 w\ld h>dly devote _! "t to su* a purposeless occupation4 ,! ?ongs ( new t&em :ips are always wiry1 & x is difficult to make !m hold to ! /ick4 ,! s*eme recomm5d$ = mak+ !m pliable is ! foll[+3 loan y\r :ip to a p]sev]+ beg9n] & tell him1 ,%ut y\rself up 9 y\r room & le>n to cat* y\r :ip !re & 9 private1 z advis$ by ! au?or ( ,d[n ! ,road4 ,if he really is ambiti\s1 & has ! necess>y application1 & p>ticul>ly if he p]si/s 9 foll[+ 8 own me?ods1 by ! "t he has acquir$ ! simple little trick y\r ?ong w h become q supple2 b if y are likely to want y\r :ip )9 a reasonable "t1 y _h bett] n conc$e to him ! privilege ( keep+ x until he has atta9$ to pr(ici5cy1 z y may n get x back dur+ 8 natural life4 ,beg9n]s are mu* giv5 to conc]n+ !mselves ab\t ! co/ & ornam5tation ( _! :ips r ?an ! prop] mode ( us+ !m4 ,a :ip ) extravagant m\nt+s 9 unskilful h&s r5d]s its own] ridicul\s4 ,! mo/ important quality ( any :ip is its feel+ or balance1 :i* is utt]ly sacrific$ to ! silv]smi? :5 he is all[$ to affix to its butt a foot ( 8 metal ( m$ival /yle4 ,x is bett] to buy o!r examples ( 8 skill1 & pres]ve y\r :ip 9 its orig9al s]viceable =m4 ,! yew is ! only :ip ( :i* ,i f9d m5tion 9 old coa*+ days3-- ,=1 sure1 ! coa*man h&s are few1 ,t wield 9 /yle ! poli%$ yew1 & b>r+ ! fault peculi> to x ( w>p+1 ! yew is a capital /ick4 ,holly is n[ 9 almo/ univ]sal use = :ips ( ,engli% /yle1 & ( all :ips & /icks is und\bt$ly to be pref]r$4 ,"s ?orns are also us$1 b x is r>e to f9d t sort ( /ick ) ! tap] & feel+ or life ( hollies1 !y be+ mo/ly ( ne>ly uni=m sub/ance f butt-end to po9t4 ,s9ce ! publication ( ! coa*+ book1 entitl$ ,d[n ! ,road1 9 :i* is an illu/ration ( ! dog-legg$ f\r-horse :ip pres5t$ to ! au?or by ! pr(essional coa*man1 ,tom ,h5nessy1 no dragsman's or t&em driv]'s collection ( :ips is consid]$ complete )\t at lea/ "o :ip ) a s+le crook 9 ! /ick4 ,driv+ aprons are important 9 ! equipm5t ( a t&em1 & %\ld be 9 keep+ ) its "*4 ,b$=d cords1 box clo?s1 & o!r mat]ials ( drab color are mo/ durable1 & = sport+ traps1 mo/ effective 9 appe>ance1 & _! c>e involves comp>atively little exp5diture ( "t & labor4 ,aprons ( pla9 d>k colors furni% an agreeable contra/ to ! driv]'s top-coat & ! s]vant's liv]y greatcoat :5 ^? g>m5ts are ( drab2 b ! "w ( keep+ !m clean is slavi%1 & cont9ual1 & !y quickly fade & lose _! fre%ness1 on acc\nt ( :i* objections to !m1 drab ones1 be+ free f ! faults nam$1 are pref]r$4 ,a turn\t1 ) a simple apron = ! front seat1 & none = ! %iv]+ groom on ! h9d seat1 has an unf9i%$ look1 sugge/ive ( insuffici5t means or want ( ?\ghtfulness = ! com=t ( ! s]vant4 ,devotees ( ! art ( t&em driv+1 :o h n enjoy$ ! treat ( a p]usal ( t *>m+ book entitl$ ,frank ,fairleigh1 by ,mr4 ,sm$ley1 may be ent]ta9$ by ! au?or's description ( ! turn\t ( ! ,honorable ,george ,lawless1 z foll[s3-- ,p]*$ high 9 mid-air1 ^u "s my/]i\s species ( dog-c>t1 be>+ a /rik+ resemblance to ! box to a mail-coa*1 :i* _h contriv$ by "s private !ory ( developm5t ( its own1 to disp5se ) its body1 :ile x _h enl>g$ its :eels to an almo/ incr$ible circumf]5ce2 p]*$ on top ( ?is rem>kable ma*9e1 & envelop$ 9 a :ite greatcoat und]m9$ 9 e direction by /range & unexpect$ pockets1 0 none o!r ?an ! ,hon4 ,george ,lawless4 ,! turn\t 0 drawn by a pair ( ?or\ghbr$s1 driv5 t&em1 :i* 7 n[1 _! irascible temp]s be+ di/urb$ by delay1 reliev+ _! feel+s by execut+ a k9d ( hornpipe ^u _! h9d legs4 ,! top-coat recogniz$ z ! /&>d = driv+ at ! pres5t day is call$ a driv+-cape1 d\btless f its resemblance 9 ! matt] ( amplitude ( skirts to a sleev$ cape2 & :5 prop]ly con/ruct$ z to its l9es1 balance1 & ! position ( its pockets is a v d[n-!-road look+ g>m5t--a ref9em5t ( ! ,upp]-,b5jam9 ( /age-coa* days4 ,made ( /\t clo? ( drab color1 n :ite2 furni%$ ) a velvet coll> :i* hangs (f f ! neck to all[ room inside x = a coa*+ muffl] ) a bit ( spot2 ! lea!r-l9$ pockets1 ) flaps ( lib]al size1 plac$ l[ 9 ! skirts = conv5i5ce ( access2 ! outw>d seams /rapp$ & /\tly sewn1 & l9$ ) an effective plaid ( wooll51 :5 hung at prop] balance on ! %\ld]s1 :i* su/a9 its :ole weight1 & :5ce1 9 a d[nw>d direction1 its circumf]5ce increases until1 at ! bottom ( ! skirts1 :i* rea* ! knees1 x /&s out f ! we>] all ar\nd z if hoop$ inside1 x is v com=table & ( workmanlike appe>ance :e!r worn or laid d[n on ! box-cu%ion ( a coa* or t&em c>t4 ,hav+ describ$ ! prop]ly appo9t$ t&em1 we w suppose x has be5 br\ght r\nd to ! door by ! groom1 :o1 hav+ got d[n & hung ! re9s on ! :eel]'s (f-side t]ret1 or loop$ !m ?r\gh ! corn] ( ! da%]1 takes 8 place at ! :eel]'s head1 :]e he rema9s until 8 ma/] picks up ! ribbons1 :5 he goes to ! head ( ! lead]4 ,ins]t+ ! middle f+] ( ! "r h& betwe5 ! :eel]'s re9s1 & ! =ef+] betwe5 ! lead]'s1 always keep+ ! ne>-side re9 ( ea* on top1 y h ! ne> lead-re9 ov] ! =ef+]1 ! (f lead & ne> :eel re9s 9 ! ord] m5tion$ betwe5 ! =e & middle f+]s1 & ! (f :eel-re9 betwe5 ! middle & second f+]s4 ,hav+ assort$ & plac$ ! re9s z direct$1 & adju/$ !m z to l5g?1 /ill hold+ !m toge!r ) ! :ip 9 y\r "r h&1 lay+ hold ( ! seat rail1 ) y\r left y climb into ! c>t1 & transf]r+ y\r re9s1 )\t *ange ( _! relations1 to ! correspond+ f+]s ( ! left h&1 y drop into y\r seat4 ,"s c>ts1 f _! peculi> con/ruction & arrangem5t ( seat1 rail1 & /eps1 n be+ adapt$ to ! pull+ y\rself up by ! rail ) ! left h& alone1 z on a coa*1 x may be necess>y to take hold ( ! rail or ! corn] ( ! da%] ) ! "r1 :5 c>e %\ld be tak5 n to di/urb ! :eel] ) ! :ip1 :i*1 ) ! re9s1 y h 9 t h&4 ,y\r pass5g] %\ld h gott5 up 9 ! box-seat at ! same "t z1 or aft]1 ! driv]1 b n be=e4 ,hav+ satisfi$ y\rself t ev]y?+ is %ip%ape1 g5tly feel+ ! horses' m\?s by _! re9s1--^? ( ! lead]1 :o %\ld n be 9 ! coll> at ! />t1 %\ld be a little less slack ?an 8 traces1--y />t y\r horses by an all "r1 or a let 'em g1 or a d\ble click1 or by "s o!r signal1 b 9 no ev5t us+ ! improp] pull up 9 vogue1 ( mean+ directly oppos$ to y\r purpose4 ,hav+ se5 ! lead] />t$1 ! s]vant1 n mov+ f 8 position1 salutes 8 ma/] z ! t&em passes1 & :5 ! tail ( ! c>t rea*es him he climbs up1 tak+ 8 place 9 ! middle ( ! h9d seat & sitt+ q erect ) fold$ arms1 in/ead ( sl\*+ ab\t all ov] ! %op4 ,a s]vant %\ld h pride en\gh to d 8 "p 9 ma9ta9+ ! "* ( ! turn\t :i* he r5d]s ridicul\s :5 sprawl+ 9 8 seat & gap+ ab\t z ?\gh wait+ to recognize pass+ acqua9tances4 ,he %\ld look int5tly into space1 & affect to see no?+4 ,a t&em is dep5d5t v mu* = its effect ^u ! groom1 :o %\ld be all alive1 & :5 he feels ! pace slack5+1 %\ld conc]n himself z to ! purpose1 &1 gett+ to ! gr\nd quickly1 f9d 8 way to ! lead]'s head by ! "t ! team is pull$ up4 ,a dapp]1 trim-built groom1 ( light weight & m$ium height1 is mo/ 9 keep+ ) ! "* ( a t&em1 = :i* a v tall or a v /\t s]vant is unsuit$4 ,:5 no pass5g] occupies x1 ! groom's place is 9 ! box-seat by ! side ( 8 ma/]1 ! tailbo>d ( ! c>t be+ %ut up4 ,"l ,tomnoddy's-- ,tig] ,tim1 ,0 clean ( limb1 ,8 boots 7 poli%$1 8 jacket 0 trim6 ,) a v sm>t tie 9 8 sm>t cravat1 ,& a sm>t cockade on ! top ( 8 hat2 ,talle/ ( boys1 or %orte/ ( m51 ,he /ood 9 8 /ock+s j f\r feet t56 ,! equipage ( ! ,honorable ,george ,lawless1 ^: c>t & top-coat ,i h already describ$1 & ^: ta/e 9 all matt]s app]ta9+ to ! appo9tm5t ( a t&em 0 unque/ion$1 0 complet$ by a tig] s small1 t1 beyond a vague s5sation ( top-boots1 & a liv]y hat1 "o's s5ses fail$ to realize him4 ,rules = driv+ t h be5 made by ! prop] au?orities %\ld be c>efully obs]v$4 ,occasion may arise :5 x is necess>y to take lib]ties ) prescrib$ =ms4 ,9 t&em driv+1 :i* %\ld be done ) "o h& z mu* z possible1 !re is "o rule1 ! obs]vance ( :i* is ess5tial to safety1 & t is nev] to lose y\r horses' m\?s by gett+ y\r h&s s close up to y\r *e/ t y h no space to sp>e = pull+ up4 ,y may see "s driv]s ) _! h&s ne>ly up to _! *9s & look+ supremely happy 9 _! ignorance ( ! risk !y incur4 ,! prop] position ( ! left or re9 h& is a few in*es =w>d ( ! body1 ) ! elb[ ad[n ! side & close to b n press+ aga9/ x4 ,no?+ is m awkw>d ?an ! elb[s at an angle %[+ daylight betwe5 !m & ! body4 ,! draught on ! re9s f ! elb[s to ! horses' m\?s %\ld be z ne>ly z possible on a /raight l9e4 ,i w\ld /rongly advise beg9n]s to avail !mselves ( ! in/ructions ( any recogniz$ pr(essional dragsman ( :atev] pret5sions4 ,if y f9d "o incompet5t to tea* y1 y are confirm$ 9 y\r own skill1 :i* is wor? all y h paid = ! in=mation4 ,x w\ld be /range if any man :o _h practis$ ! call+ = any consid]able l5g? ( "t _h n pick$ up "s wr9kles or dodges wor? kn[+ t _h escap$ ! le>n] hi!rto4 ,an accompli%$ in/ructor hav+ be5 f\nd1 pupils %\ld take a full c\rse ( lessons1 z1 h[ev] apt s*ol>s1 !y w h>dly h absorb$ 9 a limit$ numb] all ! k acquir$ by "o :o has devot$ a lifetime to ! pursuit4 ,ne>ly all beg9n]s are too anxi\s to exhibit _! self-reliance1 & decl>e too e>ly _! indep5d5ce ( ! m5tor4 ,acquire ! correct me?ods1 or aim to d s1 ( do+ all ?+s connect$ ) t&em driv+1 & be satisfi$ ) no?+ else2 !re c be no compromise ) :at is call$ =m1 a ^w1 x may be rem>k$1 s significant z to admit ( no qualifications2 a ?+ is =m or is n =m1 & ! t]ms good & bad prefix$ to x are z sup]flu\s z if appli$ to p]fection 7comp>e p4 #cad74 ,& :5 adopt+ ! cu/oms peculi> to ano!r c\ntry1 "o %\ld make sure he c rea* an accept$ /&>d be=e attempt+ to improve ^u x or surpass x4 ,ambiti\s p>ties :o always aim to exce$ recogniz$ /&>ds1 essay to drive a t&em ( ?ree or f\r horses1 :i* !y /yle tr&om & r&om--a /ra9+ aft] effect 9 "n z well z p]=mance4 ,z any numb] ( s+le horses1 n less ?an two1 h>ness$ 9 a s+le l9e1 are prop]ly describ$ z a t&em1 su* aspirants = fame1 hav+ a "n provid$ = _! turn\t1 may be conc]n$ solely le/ !y f9d !mselves ) too _m horses & too few h&s = driv+ !m4 ,9 my lexicons ( coa*+ & driv+1 no application ( ei!r tr&om or r&om is f\nd1 &1 unless ! p>ties h a diction>y ( _! own1 ,i d n believe !re is any au?ority = su* use ( ! words4 ,a t&em ( two horses1 ( :i* ! lead] turns r\nd & faces ! c>t1 may be said to be driv5 at r&om4 ,i wi%1 9 clos+1 to express my obligation & ackn[l$gm5t to ,mr4 ,burton ,mansfield1 ! accept$ au?ority 9 ?is c\ntry = _m ye>s ^u t&ems & t&em driv+1 = ! valuable assi/ance he has giv5 me 9 prep>+ ?is article4 ,,bibliography ,draft ,book ( ,c5t5nial ,c>riages display$ 9 ,philadelphia4 ,report on ,diseases ( ! ,horse1 #aijc4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 ,h[ to ,buy & ,sell4 ,h[d54 ,rid]s ( ,_m ,l&s4 ,dodge4 ,practical ,horse ,%oe+4 ,flem+4 ,diseases & ,injuries ( ! ,horse4 ,kirby4 ,! ,horse 9 ,motion4 ,/illman4 ,bridle ,bits4 ,batt]sby4 ,mod]n ,horseman%ip4 ,e4 ,l4 ,&]son4 ,horses1 ,saddles1 & ,bridles4 ,colonel ,w4 ,h4 ,c>t]4 ,! ,practical ,horse ,keep]4 ,flem+4 ,h9ts on ,driv+4 ,capta9 ,c4 ,morley ,knight4 ,! ,horse 9 ! ,/able & 9 ! ,field4 ,j4 ,h4 ,wal% 7,/oneh5ge74 #ae? ed4 revis$ by ,h>old ,le5ey4 ,po9ts ( ! ,horse4 ,capta9 ,hayes4 ,vet]9>y ,notes = ,horse ,own]s4 ,capta9 ,hayes4 ,! ,private ,/able4 ,james ,a4 ,g>l&4 ,break+ & ,rid+4 ,james ,fillis4 ,translat$ by ,capta9 ,hayes4 ,y\att on ! ,horse4 ,y\att4 ,complete ,mod]n ,f>ri]4 ,br[n4 ,! ,art ( ,horseman%ip4 ,x5ophon4 ,translat$ & edit$ by ,m4 ,h4 ,morgan4 ,! ,p]fect ,horse4 ,w4 ,h4 ,h4 ,murray4 ,horses & ,h>ness4 ,e4 ,f4 ,fl[]4 ,omnibuses & ,cabs4 ,h4 ,c4 ,moore4 ,horse ,s5se4 ,j4 ,c4 ,curry]4 ,philipson on ,h>ness4 ,john ,philipson4 ,our ,noble/ ,fri5d ! ,horse4 ,francis ,m4 ,w>e4 ,driv+4 ,francis ,m4 ,w>e & ,o!rs4 ,a ,manual ( ,coa*+4 ,fairman ,rog]s4 ,am]ican ,horses & ,horse ,bre$+4 ,dimon4 ,driv+ ,lessons4 ,e4 ,h[lett4 ,exp]i5ce ) ! ,trott]s & ,pac]s4 ,e4 ,ge]s4 ,driv+ = ,pleasure4 ,francis ,t4 ,und]hill4 ,:ips & ,:ip-mak+4 ,w4 ,g4 ,a%=d4 ,driv+4 ,duke ( ,beau=t4 ,badm9ton ,libr>y4 ,an ,old ,coa*man's ,*att]4 ,edw>d ,corbett4 ,! ,coa* ,horn3 ,:at to bl[ & h[ to bl[ x4 ,an ,old ,gu>d4 ,driv+ z ,i ,f\nd ,x4 ,swales4 ,brighton & its ,coa*es4 ,william ,c4 ,a4 ,blew4 ,/age ,coa* & ,tav]n ,days4 ,alice ,morse ,e>le4 ,e ,horse ,own]'s ,cyclopdia4 ,j4 ,h4 ,wal% 7,/oneh5ge74 ,lessons 9 ,horse ,judg+4 ,w4 ,fe>nley4 ,! ,=m ( ! ,horse4 ,j4 ,c4 ,l4 ,c>son4 ,! ,horse4 ,w4 ,h4 ,fl[]1 ,c4,b4 ,! ,pocket1 & ! ,/ud4 ,*>les ,br9ley4 ,mayhew's ,horse ,managem5t4 ,revis$ by ,j4 ,i4 ,lupton4 ,seats4 ,saddles4 ,major ,dwy]4 ,a/ley's ,sy/em ( ,horse ,education4 ,philip ,a/ley4 ,! ,book ( ! ,horse4 ,s4 ,sidney4 ,,index ,acidity ( /oma*1 cure =1 #bdh4 ,age ( horses1 det]m9+1 #bje4 ,aids1 application ( !1 #hh-hi4 ,air 9 /ables1 #baa1 #bab-bac1 #bah4 ,alcohol1 h>d5+ sk9 )1 #bdg4 ,ale1 use (1 9 sickness1 #bda1 #bdg4 ,alidor1 #cj4 ,alix1 trott+ record (1 #bij4 ,aloes z a purgative1 #bdg4 ,am]ica1 ! home ( ! horse1 #afb-afd4 ,horse hi/ory (1 #afb1 #agi-aid4 ,importation ( horses to1 #afb1 #ahj-ahb1 #aia1 #bhe4 ,numb] ( "w-animals comp>$ ) o!r c\ntries1 #afc-afd4 ,roads 91 #aib-aid4 ,am]ican ,saddle-horse ,bre$]s' ,association1 #af4 ,&]son1 ,ri*>d ,cl\gh1 #hj4 ,&rew ,jackson1 #aij4 ,antiseptics1 #bdd1 #bdi4 ,ap]i5ts 9 horses' diet1 #dj1 #bcd1 #bdj1 #bdg4 ,apples = horses1 #dj1 #bcd4 ,aprons1 driv+1 #dah4 ,arabella1 horses on !1 #aha4 ,arabian4 ,see ,d>ley & ,m>kham4 ,arabians1 deg5]ation (1 #d-e4 ,arg5t9e ,republic1 horses 91 #afc4 ,army horsem54 ,see ,cavalry4 ,art ( ,horseman%ip1 ,!1 ,x5ophon's1 #fd1 #aee1 #bjc1 #bfg4 ,ass1 bra9 (1 #afa n4 ,auctions1 pur*as+ at1 #cd-ce4 ,aure1 ,m4 d'1 ma/] ( rid+1 #ge4 ,au/ralia1 /ati/ics ( horses1 #afc4 ,au/ria1 numb] ( horses 91 #afc4 ,wagon rims 91 #aid4 ,axles1 inspection (1 #bgh4 ,back+1 tra9+ horses 91 #ace-acg1 #bif4 ,backs ( horses1 defective po9ts reg>d+1 #bjd4 ,balk+1 #ih-ii4 ,ball ,bro!rs1 bre$]s1 #eb-ec4 ,b&ag+ ( horses1 #db-dc4 ,b>b>y1 horses f1 9 ,am]ica1 #ahb1 #ahc4 ,b>ley1 z food1 #bcc1 #bdj4 ,nutritive value (1 #bcg4 ,bau*]1 ,m41 rid+ au?ority1 #ge1 #aji1 #abi1 #aee4 ,bay ,bolton1 #bhe4 ,bay>d1 ,h5ri ,franconi's1 #ajj4 ,beans = horses1 #bcc-bcd1 #bcg4 ,be>+-re9s1 #bgb-bgc1 #cje4 ,9 driv+-- ,f\r1 #cfh-cfi4 ,pair1 #cde4 ,t&em1 #cif4 ,b$d+ 9 /alls1 #ci-dj4 ,belle ,haml91 #bhd4 ,b]?une1 #h4 ,bits1 c>e (1 #bah1 #cag4 ,duke ( ,newca/le on1 #bfh4 ,fit (1 #bfh-bfi4 ,horses n l$ by1 9 h>ness+1 #caf1 #ccd4 ,lea!r1 = "y colts1 #bic4 ,selection (1 = h>ness-horses1 #big4 ,snaffle1 9 tra9+ colts1 #bid4 ,t&em-driv+1 #cif4 ,v>ieties (1 #ef1 #bfh4 ,x5ophon's advice1 #bfg-bfh4 ,bitt+ ex]cises = colts1 #be-bh4 ,bones ( ideal horse1 #bjj1 #bja4 ,bonnie ,scotl&1 ,miss ,lake's1 #ajj4 ,book1 /able1 #bbh-bbi4 ,books4 ,see ,works4 ,bo/on1 #ab4 ,bo/on ,blue1 #ahi4 ,bo/on ,horse1 trott+ record (1 #bij4 ,b\rbon ,k+1 #eb1 #ec4 ,box-/alls1 #ci1 #baf1 #bag1 #bba4 ,bra91 /ati/ics (1 9 animals1 #afa n4 ,brakes1 use & misuse (1 #cjf-cjh4 ,bran z food1 #bcd1 #bcg4 ,bran ma%1 receipt1 #bdj4 ,break+-9 ( colts1 #bj-bi1 #bia-bic4 ,fallacies reg>d+1 #bih-bii4 ,brea/plate 7,dut* coll>71 #bfe4 ,adju/m5t (1 9 h>ness+ a pair1 #ccf4 ,bree*+1 use (1 #bgd1 #cjf4 ,9 t&em-driv+1 #cic1 #daj4 ,bre$]s1 ,k5tucky1 #dg-ec4 ,bre$+1 #e1 #h-ac1 #af1 #bhe-bhi4 ,see ,/ock f>ms4 ,bridle1 !1 #aba-abd1 #bff4 ,d\ble1 #eg-eh1 #aad-aag4 ,bridl+ horse1 me?od (1 #eh-ei4 ,brita91 hi/ory ( horse 91 #g1 #ahb4 ,brok5 knees1 treatm5t (1 #bde4 ,bronson1 ,mr41 cit$1 #cfa4 ,br[-b&1 !1 #bfg1 #bgb4 ,bruises1 treatm5t (1 #bdc-bdd1 #bdf4 ,buck eye1 !1 #aig4 ,buffalo ,bill1 #gi-hj4 ,bully ,rock1 #aia4 ,bussigny1 ,h4 ,l4 de1 #gb1 #hh4 ,by]ly ,turk1 #d1 #aia4 ,canada1 ! fir/ horse 91 #aha4 ,pac]s f1 #af4 ,cant]1 !1 #abh4 ,see ,h&-gallop4 ,c>riages1 c>e (1 #bbb1 #bbc1 #bgg-bgi4 ,hi/ory (1 #aia-aib4 ,insignia on1 #bhj-bhb4 ,c>rots = horses1 #dj1 #bcd1 #bcg1 #bdj4 ,c>t]1 ,g5]al1 #fg4 ,c>ts = t&em-driv+1 #cii-djj1 #djd-djh4 ,ca/+ ! horse1 #bb-bc1 #aeb-aec4 ,ca/leman1 ,g5]al ,john ,b41 #af4 ,bre$+ e/abli%m5t (1 #dh-di4 ,horseman%ip (1 #gi4 ,ca/leman1 ,major ,david1 #di4 ,cat1 bra9 (1 #afa n4 ,cavalry1 ,briti%1 #gg4 ,=t ,riley s*ool1 #ha-hd4 ,fr5*1 #gd-ge4 ,g]man1 #gc-gd4 ,italian1 #ge4 ,oats all[ance 91 #bcc4 ,orig9s (1 #ff4 ,ox5 us$ =1 #agi4 ,unit$ ,/ates1 #hj-hd4 ,use ( /irrups by1 #fg4 ,cavesson1 lessons on !1 #bc-bf1 #aja1 #aea4 ,cayuse ponies1 #i1 #hj4 ,cecil ,palm]1 #di4 ,*af+1 cure (1 #bde4 ,*a9s vs4 lea!r 9 pole-pieces1 #cce-ccf1 #ceh4 ,*>les ,k5t m>e1 !1 #bhe4 ,*>le/on1 ,s4,c41 jockey-club (1 #ahh4 ,*>li] %oe1 !1 #beg4 ,*eck-re9s1 #bgb-bgc1 #big4 ,*]okee ponies1 s-call$1 #hf4 ,*e/ ( ideal horse1 #aii4 ,*ildr51 rid+-lessons =1 #he-hg4 ,*ills1 treatm5t (1 #bdf4 ,*imney-sweeps1 salutes to1 #cfe4 ,clean+ ( horses1 #db1 #dc1 #bcj4 ,click+1 cause & rem$y1 #beg4 ,clifton ,f>m1 #di4 ,clov]1 use (1 z food1 #bcd4 ,coa*es1 rules = judg+1 #chb-cia4 ,coa* horns1 #cgh-cgi4 ,coa*+1 pres5t-day1 #cec-cha4 ,coa*+ ,club1 rules (1 = judg+ drags & road-coa*es1 #chb-cia4 ,coa*man1 cu%ion =1 #cjb1 #cbf1 #djj1 #dab-dac4 ,details 9 clo?+ (1 #cjj-cjb4 ,liv+-rooms (1 #baf1 #bbc-bbd4 ,seat (1 #cjb1 #cbf4 ,signals f1 to horse1 #cah-cai4 ,coa*m51 a di/9ction betwe5 driv]s &1 #cdg4 ,cock+-c>t1 !1 #djg4 ,cockspur1 #af4 ,cody1 ,colonel ,w4 ,f41 #gi-hj4 ,colds1 symptoms (1 & treatm5t1 #bda-bdb4 ,colic1 causes (1 & rem$ies1 #bdb1 #bdh4 ,coll>s1 #bfc1 #bfe4 ,9 t&em-driv+1 #djh-dji4 ,w>m+ (1 #bfd1 #ccc4 ,collodion1 flexible1 z rem$y1 #bdh4 ,colors desirable 9 saddle-horses1 #ce4 ,colts1 tra9+1 #bj-bi1 #bia-bii4 ,columbus1 horses import$ by1 #afb1 #ahj4 ,comb9$ horses1 #aej4 ,cone/oga horse1 orig9 (1 #aha4 ,confid5ce1 trott+ record (1 #bij4 ,cool+ ( horses1 #bdh4 ,copp]bottom1 #ac-ad4 ,corbett1 ,edw>d1 quot$1 #cbb4 ,corn = horses1 #bcd4 ,corn]s1 turn+1 #cac1 #cbh-cbi1 #cge1 #cig4 ,corns1 cause (1 #bec1 #bee4 ,corrad9i1 tra9+ ( horse by1 #de4 ,cortes1 horses (1 #ahj4 ,c\pl+-re9s1 #cce1 #cdj-cdd4 ,"t ( buckl+1 #ccf-ccg4 ,crack$ heels1 s-call$1 #bdc4 ,cresceus1 #bij4 ,cribb+1 "o sign (1 #bjf4 ,crop1 use (1 #ef4 ,cross-gallop1 rectification (1 #aca4 ,cr\p1 "w on1 ) saddle-horses1 #aag-abj1 #abc4 ,cruis]1 desc5dants (1 #ab4 ,crupp]1 !1 #bgd1 #cje-cjf4 ,adju/m5t (1 9 h>ness+1 #caf4 ,cunn+ ( horses1 #ih4 ,curb-bit1 !1 #eg4 ,lessons )1 #aad-aag4 ,use (1 #aba-abd4 ,curb-*a9s1 #bfi1 #cag4 ,currycomb1 abolition (1 advis$1 #db4 ,curzon1 ,lady1 cit$1 #cid4 ,cu%ion1 driv]'s1 #cjb1 #cbf4 ,9 t&em-driv+1 #djj1 #dab-dac4 ,daphne1 #ac4 ,d>ley ,arabian1 #d1 #e1 #h1 #aia4 ,deal]s1 behavior to1 #ca-cb1 #agh4 ,d5m>k 7f\nd]71 #ae-af1 #dg4 ,d5m>k1 ,ga9es's1 #af4 ,d5m>k /ra91 #i1 #ae1 #eb4 ,descriptions ( ideal horse1 #ce-cg1 #aif-bjd4 ,de ,soto1 horses (1 #ahj1 #aha4 ,dext]1 #bhf1 #bij4 ,di>rha1 treatm5t (1 #bdb1 #adg4 ,dick5s1 #eb4 ,dictator1 #bhf4 ,diom$1 #h1 #af1 #aia4 ,diseases1 treatm5t ( horses'1 #bci-bej4 ,dis9fectants1 use (1 9 /ables1 #bbc1 #bbi4 ,dism\nt+1 me?od (1 #fa1 #fc4 ,dock+ ( tails1 #cjd-cje4 ,dog1 bra9 (1 #afa n4 ,dog-c>ts1 = t&em-driv+1 #djd4 ,orig9 ( "n1 #djf4 ,dogsk91 driv+ gloves (1 #cja4 ,doors ( /ables1 #bae1 #bbj4 ,doro?y1 ,g5]al ,ca/leman's1 #dh4 ,d\ble bridle1 lessons )1 #eg-eh1 #aad-aag4 ,d[n ! ,road1 #daf1 #dag4 ,drags1 rules = judg+1 #chb-cia4 ,dra9age ( /ables1 #ci1 #baa1 #bae1 #bag1 #bbj4 ,dress1 coa*man's1 #cjj-cjb4 ,9 t&em-driv+1 #dai-dbj4 ,dress+ ( horses1 #db-dd4 ,driv]s1 di/9ction drawn betwe5 coa*m5 &1 #cdg4 ,driv+1 f\r-9-h&1 #cec-cha4 ,=m 91 #cac-cad1 #dbd4 ,"o horse1 #cah-ccb4 ,pair1 #ccc-ceb4 ,position ( h&s 91 #cji-caa1 #dbc4 ,t&em1 #dja-dbe4 ,driv+ apron1 !1 #dah4 ,driv+ cape1 !1 #dai-dbj4 ,driv+ = ,pleasure1 ,und]hill's1 #bgi1 #ceb4 ,driv+ = puni%m5t1 rem>ks on1 #ceb4 ,duke1 ,g5]al ,basil1 cit$1 #c4 ,dut*man1 trott+ record (1 #bij4 ,e>s ( ideal horse1 #aig4 ,eclipse 7#agfd71 #g-h1 #ab4 ,education ( horses4 ,see ,tra9+4 ,edw9 ,=re/1 trott+ record1 #bij4 ,egypt1 horses ( anci5t1 #f4 ,elliott1 ,lieut5ant ,duncan1 #hc4 ,elsa1 #ej4 ,emily1 ,g5]al ,ca/leman's1 #dh4 ,engl&1 horsem5 (1 #gb-gc1 #ge-gg4 ,horses ( e>ly & m$ival1 #g1 #ahc-ahd4 ,roads 91 #ahc4 ,/age-coa* hi/ory 91 #aia-aib4 ,engli% ,/ud ,book 7or ,mat* ,book71 !1 #ahe4 ,equus b$s1 #agi4 ,e?an ,all51 #aij4 ,europe1 horseman%ip ( cont95tal1 #gb-ge4 ,ex]cise ( horses1 #da1 #bcj4 ,indoor1 #dd-de4 ,necessity (1 urg$1 #adh-adi4 ,ex]cises1 m\nt$1 #gj-gb4 ,suppl+1 #aac-aag4 ,eye1 ( ideal horse1 #aig4 ,defective po9ts1 #bjd4 ,falkl& ,isl& horses1 #agb4 ,falls f or ) horse1 #add-ade4 ,causes (1 #aej1 #aed-aee4 ,f>ms4 ,see ,/ock f>ms4 ,fe$+ ( horses1 #dj-da1 #bbe-bch4 ,feet1 advice on horses'1 #bja4 ,c>e (4 ,see ,%oe+4 ,clean+1 #dc1 #bcj1 #bec4 ,defects 91 #bje4 ,effect ( plac+ (1 on action1 #ah-ai4 ,evolution (1 #agj-agb4 ,=mation (1 #beb4 ,nails 91 #bde4 ,fetlock ( ideal horse1 #bjj-bja4 ,fev]s1 #bda4 ,fiord ponies1 #g1 #aj4 ,fl&]s1 horses f1 9 ,am]ica1 #aha1 #ahb4 ,flexion ( jaw by suppl+1 #aad-aag4 ,floors 9 /ables1 #ci1 #baf-bag4 ,flora ,temple1 #aij1 #bij4 ,fly+ ,coa*1 !1 #aib4 ,fom5tation1 def9$1 #bdg4 ,food = horses1 #dj-da1 #bbe-bch4 ,effect (1 on tee?1 #bjf4 ,foot f\nd]s1 #bde-bdf4 ,foot-rail1 dang]s (1 #cjc1 #djj4 ,=e/ ,d5m>k1 #eb4 ,=g+1 rem$y =1 #beg-beh4 ,=m1 discussion (1 #cac-cad4 ,9 t&em-driv+1 #dbd4 ,=t ,riley1 cavalry s*ool at1 #ha-hd4 ,fossil rema9s ( horses1 #e1 #afi-aga4 ,f\nd]1 rem$y =1 #bdi4 ,f\r-9-h& driv+1 #cec-cha4 ,fox1 #bhe4 ,france1 numb] ( horses 91 #afc4 ,rid]s 91 #gd-ge4 ,rid+-ma/]s (1 #ge4 ,roads 91 #aic4 ,wagon devices 91 #aid4 ,franconi1 ,h5ri1 #hf-hg1 #ajj4 ,frank ,fairleigh1 ,sm$ley's1 ref]5ces to1 #dah-dai1 #dbc4 ,fre%ness1 avoidance (4 ,see ,ex]cise4 ,fritz1 ,william1 #hg4 ,full-gallop1 !1 #abh4 ,gaits1 ! ?ree ess5tial1 9 saddle-horses1 #ag4 ,gallop1 !1 #abd-abe4 ,full 7rac+ pace71 #abh4 ,halt 91 #acc-acd4 ,s*ool 7pace71 #abh4 ,v>iations ( =m (1 #abg-acd4 ,:eel 91 #acb-acc4 ,gallop *anges1 #abh-acb4 ,galls1 coll> & saddle1 #bde4 ,g>l&1 ,james ,a41 ,! ,private ,/able by1 #bgi4 ,g>r>d1 ,major ,ca/leman's1 #di-ej4 ,gay ,bro!rs1 bre$]s1 #ej-ea4 ,ge]s1 ,ed41 #bhd4 ,g]many1 /ati/ics ( horses 91 #afc4 ,rid]s 91 #gc-gd4 ,wagon tires 91 #aid4 ,gipsey1 #bhe4 ,globe1 #bhd4 ,gloves1 driv+1 #cja-cjb4 ,godolph9 ,b>b1 #d4 ,gohanna1 #ab4 ,go+ to ,cov]1 ,h5d]son's1 #djd4 ,goldsmi? ,maid1 #ahi1 #aij1 #bij4 ,grass1 nutritive value1 #ah1 #bcg1 #bdj4 ,great ,brita91 numb]s ( horses 91 #afc4 ,see ,brita9 & ,engl&4 ,greece1 horses ( anci5t1 #f-g4 ,greeks1 /irrups unkn[n to anci5t1 #fe4 ,gr9sone1 "w on horseman%ip by1 #abi1 #aee4 ,groom+ ( horses1 #db1 #dc1 #bcj4 ,grooms1 (fice (1 9 t&em-driv+1 #dba-dbb4 ,see ,/ablem54 ,gr\nd-%yness 9 saddle-horses1 #aea4 ,gu]9ire1 ,m41 #ge4 ,half-halt1 !1 #ajg-ajh4 ,halt 9 gallop1 !1 #acc-acd4 ,hambletonian1 #bhe4 ,influ5ce (1 on trott+ desc5dants1 #bhf-bhg4 ,p$igree (1 #bhe4 ,hames1 !1 #bfd4 ,haml91 ,c4 ,j41 #bhh4 ,h&-gallop 7cant]71 !1 #ia1 #ajf1 #abg4 ,h&s1 position (1 9 driv+1 #cji-caa1 #dbc4 ,h&s 9 driv+1 def9$1 #cba-cbc4 ,hansom's ,pat5t ,safety ,cab1 #aib4 ,h>ness1 #bei-bhc4 ,c>e (1 #bah1 #bbb1 #bgf-bgg1 #bhj4 ,f\r-9-h&1 #bhb4 ,insignia on1 #bhj-bhb4 ,runab\t1 #bhb4 ,saddle-horses %\ld n be us$ 91 #aej4 ,t&em1 #cic-cid1 #djh-daa4 ,h>ness+1 f\r horses1 #cff-cfg4 ,"o horse1 #cae-caf4 ,pair1 #ccc-ccd4 ,t&em1 #cic1 #cie4 ,h>ness room1 con/ruction (1 #bah1 #bba4 ,hay1 z food1 #ah1 #dj1 #bcb-bcc1 #bcg4 ,hay tea1 receipt1 #bda4 ,head1 po9ts ( horse's1 #aif-aih1 #bjb1 #bjd4 ,heat+ ( /ables1 #bah1 #bbc4 ,h$ge=d 7import$71 #ae4 ,h5nessy1 ,tom1 #dag4 ,high jump]s1 *>act]i/ics (1 #aa4 ,highl& ,d5m>k1 #ej4 ,highl& ,maid1 trott+ record1 #bij4 ,highways4 ,see ,roads4 ,hills1 driv+ up & d[n1 #cjh-cji4 ,hobson1 ,g5]al1 #da4 ,hocks1 consid]ation (1 #bjb1 #bjd4 ,holly = :ips1 #dag4 ,ho(s1 advice on1 #bja4 ,see ,feet4 ,horns1 coa*1 #cgh-cgi4 ,horse-rac+4 ,see ,rac+4 ,horses1 ! bra9 91 #afa n4 ,c>e (1 #aei1 #afd-afh1 #bjh-baj4 ,defects 91 #bjd-bje4 ,economic value (1 #aei-afh4 ,evolution (1 #afi-age4 ,fe$+ (1 #bbe-bbf1 #bcb-bch4 ,fir/ repres5tation (1 #fe4 ,groom+1 #db1 #dc1 #bcj4 ,importation (1 to ,am]ica1 #afb1 #ahj-ahb1 #aia1 #bhe4 ,measurem5ts (1 #bjj4 ,natural hi/ory (1 #afi-agh4 ,po9ts ( p]fection 91 #aie-baj4 ,prehi/oric1 #afi-age4 ,prop] proportions (1 #bjc4 ,selection (1 #aie-bjh4 ,%oe+1 #bea-beh4 ,/oma*s (1 #bbe-bbf4 ,value (1 9 figures1 #afg4 ,horses1 ,saddles1 & ,bridles1 ,c>t]'s1 #fg4 ,horse %[s1 influ5ce (1 on rid+1 #gc1 #gh4 ,h[letts1 !1 #caj4 ,hung>y1 horse /ati/ics (1 #afc4 ,hunt]1 !1 an accid5t1 #aa4 ,hurdle-rac+1 #adb-adc4 ,hurdles = saddle-horse jump+1 #ach-adj4 ,icel& ponies1 #aj4 ,9-&-9 bre$+1 #h4 ,india1 horse /ati/ics (1 #afc4 ,indians1 horseman%ip (1 #hj4 ,9 h&1 collection ( horse1 #ajf4 ,def9ition (1 #ia-ib4 ,insanity1 vici\sness is1 #bj-ba4 ,int]f]5ce1 %oes 9 cases (1 #beg4 ,iod(orm z an antiseptic1 #bdi4 ,irel&1 horses 91 #afc4 ,irregul> tee?1 rem$y =1 #bdc1 #bgb4 ,italy1 rid]s 91 #ge4 ,roads 91 #aic4 ,/ati/ics ( horses 91 #afc4 ,james ,i41 ,m>kham ,arabian b\ght by1 #ahd4 ,jame/[n1 horses l&$ at1 #aha4 ,japan1 numb] ( horses 91 #afc4 ,j>d9 d',acclimation1 horses 91 #afi-agj4 ,jay-,eye-,see1 side *eck us$ on1 #big4 ,trott+ record (1 #bij4 ,jockey seat1 !1 #fg-fh4 ,john ,bull1 #aia4 ,john/]1 ,h5ri ,franconi's1 #ajj4 ,jump+1 height suitable = practice 91 #add4 ,lessons 91 #ach-adf4 ,rais+ ! horse 91 #ada-adb4 ,ju/9a1 #bhd4 ,kane1 ,delancey1 coa* run by1 #cee4 ,ke5e1 ,foxhall1 #gh4 ,k5tucky1 ,d5m>k's c>e] 91 #ae-af1 #dg4 ,endurance ( horses (1 #ah4 ,rid]s (1 #gh-gi4 ,saddle-horses f1 #ae4 ,saddle-horse /ock f>ms (1 #dg-ec4 ,kick+1 crupp] a p>tial prev5tive (1 #bgd1 #cje-cjf4 ,on ! jump1 #adc-add4 ,puni%m5t (1 9 driv+ f\r1 #cfb4 ,kick+-/rap1 #bgd-bge1 #bic1 #daj4 ,kimball ,jackson *eck1 !1 #big4 ,k9dness1 misplac$1 9 treat+ horses1 #adi4 ,knee1 ( ideal horse1 #bjj4 ,brok51 #bde4 ,la ,br\e1 ,m41 rid+ au?ority1 #ge4 ,lady ,suffolk1 trott+ record1 #bij4 ,lake1 ,miss ,emma1 #ajj4 ,lam5ess1 cases (1 #bdf-bdg4 ,f bad %oe+1 #bee4 ,lam9itis1 #bde-bdf4 ,la ,plata1 horses f\nd by ,cabot 91 #ahj4 ,laxatives = horses1 #bcd1 #bdj1 #bdg4 ,lea!r1 = h>ness1 #bfb-bfc4 ,*a9s vs41 9 pole-pieces1 #cce-ccf1 #ceh4 ,legs ( ideal horse1 #bjj-bja4 ,leg up1 a1 #fa4 ,lex+ton1 ,colonel ,wood=d's1 #eb4 ,lex+ton1 ,ky41 z a saddle-horse c5tre1 #dg-ec4 ,light+ ( /ables1 #ci1 #baa1 #bae-baf4 ,l9se$1 use (1 9 fe$+1 #bcd1 #bcg4 ,l9se$ oil1 use (1 #bda1 #bdg4 ,l9se$ tea1 #bda4 ,lips ( p]fect horse1 #aig4 ,liv+-rooms ( coa*man & /ablem51 #baf1 #bbc-bbd4 ,llama1 use (1 9 e>ly ,p]u1 #agi4 ,london ,season1 ,!1 ,b>r&'s1 #dac4 ,longe1 use ( !1 #bc-bg1 #aja4 ,lope1 !1 #abh4 ,l\ ,dillon1 #bhf1 #bhg1 #bhi4 ,*eck n us$ on1 #big4 ,p$igree (1 #bia4 ,trott+ record (1 #bij4 ,mc,candless1 ,g4 ,f41 t&em (1 #dji-daj4 ,maize1 nutritive value (1 #bcg4 ,mambr9o1 #bhe4 ,mambr9o ,gift1 #aij4 ,mambr9o ,k+1 #bhh4 ,mansfield1 ,burton1 t&em au?ority1 #dbe4 ,manual ( ,coa*+1 ,rog]s's1 #bgi1 #cdc-cdd4 ,m>es1 fe$+ ( 7brood71 #ag-ah4 ,selection (1 = bre$+1 #aj-aa1 #aij4 ,m>kham ,arabian1 !1 #g1 #ahd4 ,m>t+ale1 !1 #bgb4 ,9 t&em-driv+1 #cif4 ,massa*usetts1 fir/ horses 91 #aha4 ,matilda1 ,g5]al ,ca/leman's1 #di4 ,maud ,s41 #bij4 ,mess5g] 7import$71 #aij-aia4 ,p$igree (1 #bhe4 ,mod]n ,horseman%ip1 ,&]son's1 #cj1 #abi4 ,molasses1 black1 = horses1 #bcc1 #bcd4 ,use (1 z food1 #bcf-bcg4 ,montgom]y ,*ief1 #eb1 #ec4 ,morgan1 ,g5]al ,john1 #da4 ,morgan /ra91 !1 #ac-ad4 ,motto1 #ej4 ,m\nt+1 me?od (1 #fj-fa4 ,mu/ang1 !1 #i1 #aj1 #hj4 ,mytton1 ,jack1 rem9isc5ces (1 #dac4 ,nail 9 foot1 treatm5t1 #bde4 ,nall1 ,colonel1 #af4 ,nancy ,hanks1 #bij4 ,neck1 guid+ saddle-horse ) re9s aga9/1 #abb-abd4 ,set ( head on !1 #aig-aih4 ,newca/le1 ,duke (1 "w on horseman%ip by1 #aee1 #bfh4 ,newsome1 ,james1 #gb4 ,new ,york1 horses import$ to1 #aha4 ,new ,york ,/ate1 highways 91 #aic4 ,wagon tires 91 #aid4 ,new ,york ,t&em ,club1 c>ts us$ by1 #djd4 ,nose-b&1 !1 #bfg4 ,lead+ horses by1 #caf1 #ccd4 ,oatmeal & ale1 9 sickness1 #bda4 ,oats z food1 #dj1 #bcc1 #bcg1 #bdj4 ,old ,coa*man's ,*att]1 ,an1 ,corbett's1 #cbb4 ,ont>io1 rid+-horses f1 #ae4 ,orig9s ( ! horse1 #d-g1 #afi-agj1 #agi-ahj4 ,orl(f1 production ( !1 #i4 ,ov]draw *ecks4 ,see ,*eck-re9s4 ,ov]rea*+1 rem$y =1 #beg-beh4 ,ox1 bra9 (1 #afa n4 ,ox51 use (1 z cavalry1 #agi4 ,pair1 h>ness+ a1 #ccc-ccd4 ,importance ( c\pl+-re9s 9 driv+1 #cdj-cdb4 ,l5g? ( re9s 9 driv+1 #ccg4 ,lessons 9 driv+1 #cea-ceb4 ,/>t+1 #cch-cci4 ,/opp+1 #cci4 ,unh>ness+1 #cag4 ,palo ,alto1 #aij-aia4 ,p>!non frieze1 horses 91 #g1 #fd4 ,pass+ o!r vehicles 9 driv+-- ,f\r-9-h&1 #cgf4 ,"o horse1 #cca4 ,t&em1 #cii4 ,pa/]ns1 #bjj-bja1 #bjb1 #bjd4 ,peas z food1 #bcc1 #bcg4 ,pelham1 trott+ record (1 #bij4 ,p]*]on1 production ( !1 #i4 ,pig1 bra9 (1 #afa n4 ,pigsk9 = :ips1 #bgf4 ,pir\ette1 p]=mance (1 #abc4 ,pir\ette :eel1 !1 #acb-acc4 ,pisgah /ud1 #ej-ea4 ,plac+ ( feet1 effect (1 on action1 #ah-ai4 ,plan ( /able1 #bai-bbb4 ,pluv9el1 ,anto9e de1 #ge1 #aee4 ,pole1 adju/m5t (1 9 h>ness+ pair1 #ccd-cce4 ,pole-*a9s1 appropriate use (1 #cce-ccf1 #ceh4 ,pol+ up1 f\r1 #cff4 ,pair1 #ccd-cce4 ,polo ponies1 measurem5ts (1 #aii4 ,ponies1 cayuse1 #i1 #hj4 ,*]okee1 #hf4 ,icel&1 #aj4 ,norwegian ,fiord1 #g1 #aj4 ,polo1 #aii1 #bjg4 ,%etl&1 #aj1 #he1 #hf4 ,t&em1 #cid4 ,pony t&em1 #cid4 ,potatoes1 boil$1 = horses1 #bcd4 ,private ,/able1 ,!1 ,g>l&'s1 #bgi4 ,pr(ile ( ideal horse1 #aif4 ,proportions ( well-br$ horse1 #bjc-bjd4 ,pull+1 treatm5t (1 #bfi-bga4 ,pulse 9 heal? & disease1 #bci4 ,pur*ase ( horses1 #cj-ch1 #agf-agh4 ,purgatives1 #bcd1 #bdj1 #bdg4 ,qu>t]s ( /ablem51 #bbc-bbd4 ,qu9cy1 ,josiah1 cit$1 #ahf1 #ahg4 ,raabe1 ,m41 #ge4 ,rac+1 evolution (1 #ahh-aia4 ,rack1 !1 #ae1 #ag4 ,railey1 ,*>les1 z rid]1 #gi4 ,r&om driv+1 #dbd-dbe4 ,r>ey sy/em ( ca/+1 #bb-bc1 #aeb4 ,r>us1 #bij4 ,re>+1 #ii-aja4 ,regi/ry ( saddle-horses1 #af-ag4 ,regulus1 #bhe4 ,re9s1 adju/m5t (1 9 driv+ pair1 #cdj-cdd4 ,l5g!n+1 9 driv+ pair1 #cch1 #cdh-cea4 ,me?od ( hold+1 =-- ,f\r-9-h&1 #cgj-cgg4 ,"o horse1 #cba-cbf4 ,pair1 #ccg-cch1 #cdh-ceb4 ,t&em1 #cig-cii1 #dbj1 #dbc4 ,re9s1 "q ( buckl+1 #bfj-bfa4 ,%ort5+1 9 driv+1 #cbi-cca1 #cch1 #cdh-cea4 ,size (1 #bff4 ,tail ov] !1 #cjc-cjd4 ,ribs ( ideal horse1 #aii4 ,rice1 nutritive value (1 #bcg4 ,rid+ a/ride = wom51 #hg4 ,rid+-horses4 ,see ,saddle-horses4 ,roads1 consid]ation (1 #aib-aid4 ,rog]s1 ,fairman1 ,manual ( ,coa*+ by1 #bgi4 ,quot$ on adju/m5t ( re9s 9 driv+ pair1 #cdc-cdd4 ,roll+ up a horse1 #aja4 ,rome1 rid+-s*ool 91 #ge4 ,runaways1 causes (1 #caa-cab4 ,russia1 numb] ( horses 91 #afc4 ,ru!r=d1 ,capta91 ,u4,s4,a41 #hb4 ,saddle1 *oice (1 #ed-ef4 ,saddle-galls1 cause (1 #ee4 ,saddle-horses-- ,bre$+ (1 #c-ai4 ,c>e (1 #ch-df4 ,co/ (1 #cg-ch4 ,ideal1 describ$1 #ce-cg4 ,k5tucky1 #dg-ec4 ,pur*ase (1 #cj-ch4 ,sale (1 #df4 ,size (1 #aeb4 ,tra9+1 #bc-bi1 #ij-ajh1 #aab ff4 ,saddletree1 introduction (1 by ,romans1 #fe4 ,selection (1 #ed1 #ee4 ,saddl+ rid+-horses1 #fj4 ,/4 ,juli51 trott+ record1 #bij4 ,sale ( horses1 #df4 ,sally ,mill]1 trott+ record1 #bij4 ,salt = horses1 #dj-da1 #bcf4 ,saltram1 #h1 #af1 #aia4 ,salut+1 f\r-9-h&1 #cec1 #cfd-cfe4 ,s*ool ( ,application1 ,=t ,riley1 #ha-hd4 ,s*ool-gallop1 !1 #abh4 ,sc\r+1 #bdg4 ,scrat*es 7crack$ heels71 #bdc4 ,sculpture1 ! horse 91 #f-g1 #fd-ff4 ,seat1 acquirem5t (1 9 rid+1 #fd1 #fh-gj4 ,coa*man's1 #cjb1 #cbf4 ,jockey1 #fg-fh4 ,milit>y1 #fg4 ,t&em1 #cii1 #dab4 ,seclusion1 production ( types & families by1 #i-aj4 ,%etl& ponies1 #aj1 #he1 #hf4 ,%oe boils1 #bdd-bde4 ,%oe+ ( horses1 #de-df1 #bea-beh4 ,*ange ( gait by1 #bhh4 ,%oes1 weight (1 #bed4 ,%\ld]s ( ideal horse1 #aih-aii1 #bjb4 ,%ort1 ,capta9 ,w4 ,c41 ,u4,s4,a41 #hb4 ,%utt]s ( /ables1 #bae4 ,%y+1 #ig-ih4 ,sickness1 rem$ies =1 #bci-bej4 ,signals1 driv]'s1 to horse1 #cah-cai4 ,silvana1 #bb4 ,sir ,ar*y1 #h4 ,sir ,h>ry1 #aia4 ,size ( saddle-horses1 #aeb4 ,skull ( horse1 #age-agf4 ,sm$ley1 ,frank ,fairleigh by1 #dah4 ,snaffle-bit1 !1 #ef4 ,snaffle-bridle1 = colts1 #be4 ,use (1 by beg9n]s1 #ij4 ,sollisel1 ,m41 #ge4 ,spa91 union ( horses ( ,am]ica ) ^? (1 #ahj-aha4 ,spl9ts1 rem$y =1 #bdd4 ,spra9s1 treatm5t (1 #bdd4 ,spread ,eagle1 #aia4 ,spur1 use ( !1 #hi1 #aji-aaa1 #adi4 ,/able1 !1 #ch-dj1 #baa-bbd4 ,dra9age (1 #ci1 #baa1 #bae1 #bag1 #bbj4 ,managem5t (1 #bbf-bcb4 ,plan (1 #bai-bbb4 ,size (1 #bab4 ,temp]ature 91 #ci1 #bah1 #bbc4 ,v5tilation (1 #ci1 #baa1 #bab-bac4 ,/able book1 !1 #bbh-bbi4 ,/ablem51 qu>t]s =1 #bbc-bbd4 ,proportion (1 to numb] ( horses1 #bbe4 ,selection (1 #bac-bad4 ,/age-coa* hi/ory1 #aia-aib4 ,/all-c\rage1 #adh4 ,/allions1 selection (1 = bre$+1 #aj-aa1 #ci4 ,/alls1 #ci1 #bae1 #baf4 ,/&+1 tra9+ horses 91 #bif1 #bih4 ,/>l+1 #bhe4 ,/>t+1 9 driv+-- ,f\r-9-h&1 #cgj1 #cgb4 ,"o horse1 #cah-cbj4 ,pair1 #cch ,t&em1 #dba4 ,/ature desirable 9 saddle-horses1 #ce4 ,/illman1 ,dr41 #abi4 ,/imulants 9 sickness1 #bda1 #bdg4 ,/irl+ ,*ief1 #eb4 ,/irrups1 #ee4 ,dism\nt+ )1 #fa4 ,dism\nt+ )\t1 #fc4 ,m\nt+ )1 #fj4 ,orig9s (1 #fe4 ,seat )1 #ff-fg4 ,/ock f>ms1 ,k5tucky saddle-horse1 #dg-ec4 ,/ockwell1 #ab4 ,/oma* ( horse1 #bbe-bbf4 ,treatm5t = acidity (1 #bdh4 ,/opp+ 9 driv+-- ,f\r-9-h&1 #cgi-chj4 ,"o horse1 #cbj-cba1 #cbg-cbh4 ,pair1 #cci-cdj4 ,/ra9 ( t5dons1 #bdf4 ,/umbl+ 9 saddle-horses1 #ah1 #aed4 ,sultana1 #h4 ,sunfi%]s1 re>+ horses call$1 #ajj4 ,sunol1 trott+ record1 #bij4 ,sun/roke1 treatm5t (1 #bdh4 ,suppl+1 #be-bf1 #aab-abj4 ,def9$1 #ajd4 ,re>+ cur$ by1 #ajj1 #aeb4 ,sur5ess ( foot1 #ah4 ,syria e>ly home ( horse1 #f4 ,tables giv+-- ,doses = horses accord+ to age1 #bej4 ,numb]s ( horses 9 pr9cipal c\ntries ( _w1 #afc4 ,nutritive value ( c]ta9 articles ( diet1 #bcg4 ,trott+ records s9ce #ahjf1 #bij4 ,weights & measures1 #bch1 #bej4 ,taffolet ,b>b1 #bhe4 ,tail1 defects reg>d+1 #bjd4 ,dock+ (1 #cjd-cje4 ,ov] re9s1 #cjc-cjd4 ,well-br$ horse's1 #bjb4 ,tail]1 ,t4 ,suff]n1 t&em au?ority1 #cib4 ,*apt] by1 #dja-dbe4 ,t&em1 c>ts employ$ :5 driv+1 #cii-djj1 #djd-djh4 ,d]ivation ( "n1 #cib4 ,h&l+ re9s 91 #cih-cii1 #dbc4 ,h>ness1 #cic-cid4 #djh-daa4 ,horses1 #cid1 #djb-djd4 ,lessons1 #dbc-dbd4 ,orig9 ( !1 #cie4 ,pony1 #cid4 ,seat1 #djj1 #dab-dad4 ,:ip1 #cif1 #dad-dag4 ,tatt]sall1 ,edmund1 #cj4 ,taub5heim1 ,c\nt1 #gb4 ,tee?1 horses'1 #agc-age4 ,age = appe>ance ( v>i\s1 #bje-bjf4 ,effect ( food on1 #bjf4 ,irregul>1 #bgb4 ,rem$y =1 #bdc4 ,temp]ature1 horse's1 9 heal? & disease1 #bdj4 ,( /ables1 #ci1 #bah1 #bbc4 ,t5dons1 /ra9 (1 #bdf4 ,! ,abbot1 trott+ record1 #bij4 ,?ong ( :ip1 managem5t (1 9 driv+-- ,f\r-9-h&1 #cfj-cfd4 ,t&em1 #dad-dag4 ,?or\ghbr$1 fir/1 9 ,am]ica1 #aia4 ,?or\ghbr$s1 bre$+ (1 #g-h1 #i-aj4 ,z rid+-horses1 #c-d4 ,production (1 unexpla9$1 #g4 ,?roat-lat*1 !1 #bfg4 ,tires1 wide vs4 n>r[1 #aid4 ,toes ( prehi/oric horse1 #agj-agc4 ,tonics = horses1 #bdg-bdh4 ,top-coats = driv+ 7driv+ capes71 #dai-dbj4 ,trace1 !1 #bfe-bff4 ,traces1 fa/5+ outside1 fir/1 9 putt+ to pair1 #ccd4 ,lapp+ (1 #cfg4 ,me?ods ( fa/5+1 9 putt+ to f\r1 #cfg4 ,t&em1 #cic1 #cie1 #daj-daa4 ,tra9+1 colts1 #bj-bi1 #bia-bii4 ,effect (1 on horses1 #ajc-ajf4 ,road-horse1 #bia-bif4 ,saddle-horse1 9-- ,back+1 #ace-acg4 ,gallop & gallop *anges1 #abg-acd4 ,h9d-qu>t] movem5ts1 #aag-aai4 ,jump+1 #ach-adf4 ,movem5ts on two pa?s1 #abe-abf1 #acb4 ,obey+ spur1 #aji-aaa4 ,t&em lead]1 #cif-cig4 ,to /&1 #bif1 #bih4 ,trakh5e horses1 #i1 #ad4 ,tr&om driv+1 #dbd-dbe4 ,tricks1 rid+-horses'1 #ig-ih4 ,troop]s4 ,see ,cavalry4 ,trot1 /udies 9 rid+ at !1 #ie-ig1 #ajg4 ,trott+1 evolution (1 #ahh-aia4 ,records ( ,am]ican1 #bij4 ,trott+-horse1 ! ,am]ican1 #bhd-bia4 ,tr\ble1 trott+ record (1 #bij4 ,tuck$ up1 mean+ (1 #bjj4 ,tug1 !1 #bfe4 ,tug gir?1 !1 #caf4 ,turf1 #bhe4 ,turk1 ,duke ( ,newca/le's1 #bhe4 ,turn+ corn]s1 #cac1 #cbh-cbi1 #cca1 #cge1 #cig4 ,tusk1 too? call$ !1 #bje-bjf4 ,two pa?s1 movem5ts on1 #abe-abf1 #acb4 ,und]hill1 ,francis ,t41 ,driv+ = ,pleasure1 by1 #bgi1 #ceb4 ,unh>ness+1 process (1 #caf-cag4 ,unit$ ,/ates1 numb] ( horses 91 #afc4 ,roads 91 #ahc1 #aib-aic1 #aid4 ,see ,am]ica4 ,vaca1 ,cabeza de1 horses import$ by1 #aha4 ,vault+ into saddle1 #fa-fb4 ,v5ison1 #ab4 ,v5tilation ( /ables1 #ci1 #baa1 #bab-bac4 ,v]a ,cruz1 arrival ( ,cortes' horses at1 #ahj4 ,vices1 cure (1 #ba-bc1 #aea-aeb4 ,vici\sness1 call$ insanity1 #bj-ba4 ,village ,f>m1 ,haml9s'1 #bhh4 ,v9eg>-&-wat] lotion1 #bdg4 ,virg9ia1 horses 9 e>ly1 #aha1aia4 ,wagons1 tires & axles (1 #aic-aid4 ,walk1 /udies 9 rid+ at !1 #ia-ie4 ,w>m+ ( coll>s1 #ccc4 ,wat]1 advice = rid+ at1 #adc4 ,am\nt (1 = horses1 #bce4 ,wat]+ ( horses 9 /ables1 #da1 #bbb1 #bce4 ,"t (1 #bce-bcf4 ,waxy1 #ab4 ,weights & measures1 tables (1 #bch1 #bej4 ,:eel 9 gallop1 production (1 #acb-acc4 ,:iffletrees us$ 9 t&em1 #daa4 ,:ip1 f\r-9-h&1 #cei-cfd4 ,hold+ !1 #cch4 ,m\nt+s (1 #daf-dag4 ,place =1 be=e />t+ f\r horses1 #cfh4 ,position (1 :5 apply+ brake1 #cjg4 ,rid+1 #ef4 ,salut+ )1 #cfd-cfe4 ,t&em1 #cif1 #dad-dag4 ,use (1 9 driv+1 #adi1 #bge-bgf1 #cac1 #cah1 #cca-ccb4 ,:ip /ocks1 #dag4 ,:ip ?ongs1 managem5t (1 #cfj-cfd1 #dad-dag4 ,:ite*apel c>ts1 #djd-dje4 ,:ite ,turk1 ,place's1 #bhe4 ,williams1 ,lieut5ant ,george1 #hc4 ,w9d[s ( /ables1 #ci1 #bac1 #bae4 ,w9dpipe ( ideal horse1 #aif4 ,w9k]s1 !1 #bff-bfg1 #bgb1 #big4 ,w9?rop1 ,gov]nor1 allusions to horses by1 #aha1 #ahb4 ,wom51 rid+ a/ride by1 #hg4 ,:5 tak+ ob/acles1 #ade4 ,wood=d1 ,colonel ,john ,t41 bre$+ f>m (1 #ea-eb4 ,works m5tion$1 on-- ,c>riages1 #bgi4 ,coa*+1 #bgi1 #cdd4 ,driv+1 #bgi1 #cbb1 #cdc-cdd1 #ceb4 ,h>ness 7bits71 #bfh4 ,physiology ( horse1 #aga4 ,rid+1 #fg1 #abg1 #abi1 #aee4 ,/ables1 #bgi4 ,t&em-driv+1 #cid1 #dah-dai1 #dbb-dbc4 ,worms1 treatm5t =1 #bdb-bdc4 ,w\nds1 treatm5t (1 #bdc-bdd4 ,x5ophon1 ,art ( ,horseman%ip by1 #fd1 #aee4 ,quot$1 #bjc1 #bfg-bfh4 ,yankee1 trott+ record (1 #bij4 ,yew1 use (1 9 :ips1 #dag4 ,y\att on ! ,horse1 #aga4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,sportsman',s ,,libr>y ,edit$ by ,,casp> ,,:itney ,cr[n #hvo ,clo? ,ea* #b4jj net ,,! ,,de] ,,family ,by ,,!odore ,,roosevelt1 ,t4 ,s4 ,,van ,,dyke1 ,d4 ,g4 ,,elliott1 & ,a4 ,j4 ,,/one4 ,) _m illu/rations by ,,c>l ,,rungius1 & map by ,,dr4 ,c4 ,,h>t ,,m]riam4 ,,upl& ,,game ,,birds ,by ,,edwyn ,,s&ys & ,t4 ,s4 ,,van ,,dyke4 ,) _m illu/rations by ,l4 ,a4 ,,fu]tes1 ,a4 ,b4 ,,fro/1 ,j4 ,o4 ,,nug5t1 & ,c4 ,l4 ,,bull4 ,,salmon ,,& ,,tr\t ,by ,,dean ,,sage1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,h>ris1 & ,c4 ,h4 ,,t[ns5d4 ,) _m illu/rations by ,a4 ,b4 ,,fro/ & o!rs4 ,,! ,,wat]-,,f[l ,,family ,by ,,leon>d ,c4 ,,san=d1 ,l4 ,b4 ,,bi%op1 & ,t4 ,s4 ,,van ,,dyke4 ,) _m illu/rations by ,l4 ,a4 ,,fu]tes1 ,a4 ,b4 ,,fro/1 & ,c4 ,l4 ,,bull4 ,,bass1 ,,pike1 ,,p]*1 ,,& ,,pick]el ,by ,,james ,a4 ,,h5%all1 ,m4,d4 ,) _m illu/rations by ,,m>t9 ,,ju/ice & o!rs4 ,,! ,,big ,,game ,,fi%es ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,by ,,*>les ,f4 ,,hold]4 ,) _m illu/rations 9 color by ,,*>les ,f4 ,w4 ,,mielatz & o!rs4 ,,musk-,,ox1 ,,bison1 ,,%eep1 ,,& ,,goat ,by ,,casp> ,,:itney1 ,,george ,,bird ,,gr9nell1 & ,,ow5 ,,wi/]4 ,) _m illu/rations by ,,c>l ,,rungius & o!rs4 ,,guns1 ,,ammunition1 ,,& ,,tackle ,by ,a4 ,w4 ,,money1 ,,horace ,,keph>t1 ,w4 ,e4 ,,c>l91 ,a4 ,l4 ,a4 ,,himmelwright1 & ,j4 ,,h>r+ton ,,ke5e4 ,9 prep>ation = e>ly issue ,,! ,,be> ,,family ,by ,,dr4 ,c4 ,,h>t ,,m]riam4 ,) illu/rations by ,,c>l ,,rungius & o!rs4 ,,c\g>1 ,,wild ,,cat1 ,,wolf1 ,,& ,,fox ,,! ,,am]ican ,,sportsman',s ,,libr>y ,edit$ by ,,casp> ,,:itney ,cr[n #hvo ,clo? #b4jj net ,,second ,,s]ies ,,! ,,sport+ ,,dog ,by ,,joseph ,a4 ,,graham4 ,) _m illu/rations f photographs4 ,,am]ican ,,ya*t+ ,by ,w4 ,p4 ,,/eph5s4 ,) _m illu/rations by ,e4 ,a4 ,,s*ell & ,,c>lton ,t4 ,,*apman4 ,,! ,,trott+ ,,& ,,! ,,pac+ ,,horse ,by ,,hamilton ,,busbey4 ,) _m illu/rations f photographs4 ,,lawn ,,t5nis ,,& ,,lacrosse ,by ,j4 ,,p>mly ,,p>et & ,,william ,,h>vey ,,maddr54 ,) _m illu/rations f photographs4 ,,photography ,,= ,,! ,,sportsman ,,naturali/ ,by ,l4 ,w4 ,,br[nell4 ,) num]\s illu/rations f photographs4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,?or\ghbr$ ,by ,,*>les ,e4 ,,treva?an4 ,) _m illu/rations f photographs4 ,,rid+ ,,& ,,driv+ ,by ,,edw>d ,l4 ,,&]son & ,,price ,,colli]4 ,) _m illu/rations f photographs4 ,,9 ,,prep>ation ,r[+ & ,track ,a?letics ,skat+1 ,hockey1 & ,kite ,sail+ ,baseball & ,football ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #fd-ff ,,fif? ,,av5ue1 ,,new ,,york ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes -,obvi\s pr9t & punctuation errors fix$4 -,due to ! odd typographical appe>ance 7two fac+ pages mat*+ topic z 9 a table71 pages f #chb to #cij h be5 totally rebuilt by ! ,transcrib] & trans=m$ into an actual table4