---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,passages 9 italics are indicat$ by italics4 ,passages 9 bold are indicat$ by bold4 ,passages 9 blacklett] are indicat$ by blacklett]4 ,passages 9 small caps are %[n 9 upp]case )\t explicit indication4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,! ,arts ( ! ,*ur* ,,edit$ ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,p]cy ,,de>m]1 ,m4,a4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,! ,arts ( ! ,*ur* ,edit$ by ! ,,rev4 ,,p]cy ,,de>m]1 ,m4,a4 #afmo4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$4 ,clo?1 #a_/f net4 #a4 ,,! ,,ornam5ts ,,( ,,! ,,m9i/]s4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,,p]cy ,,de>m]1 ,m4,a4 #b4 ,,*ur* ,,bells4 ,by ,h4 ,b4 ,,walt]s1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 #c4 ,,! ,,ar*itectural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,*ur*4 ,by ,a4 ,g4 ,,hill1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,o!rs ,,to ,,foll[ ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,illu/ration3 ,frontispiece4 ,,k+ ,,david ,,play+ ,,on ,,h&-,,bells4 ,f a manuscript ,psalt] 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,?is subject 0 (t5 select$ = ! head+ to ! =ty-six? ,psalm1 z "h4 7,see page #f74 ,! ,arts ( ! ,*ur* ,,*ur* ,,bells ,,by ,h4 ,b4 ,,walt]s1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,au?or ( ,greek ,art1 c4 ,,) ,,?irty-,,n9e ,,illu/rations ,a4 ,r4 ,,m[bray ,,co4 ,,ltd4 ,,london3 #cd ,great ,ca/le ,/reet1 ,ox=d ,circus1 ,w4 ,,ox=d3 #i ,high ,/reet ,fir/ pr9t$1 #aijh ,,editor',s ,,note ,! little volumes 9 ! ,,arts ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* s]ies are int5d$ to provide in=mation 9 an int]e/+ z well z an accurate =m ab\t ! v>i\s arts :i* h clu/]$ r\nd ! public wor%ip ( ,,god 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,,*ri/4 ,?\gh few h ! opportunity ( kn[+ mu* ab\t !m1 !re are _m :o w\ld l to possess ! ma9 outl9es ab\t ^? arts ^: productions are s famili> to ! ,*ri/ian1 & s de>4 ,! au?ors w write = ! av]age intellig5t man :o has n _h ! "t to /udy all ^! matt]s = himself2 & !y w !re=e avoid te*nicalities1 :ile endeav\r+ at ! same "t to pres5t ! facts ) a fidelity :i* w n1 x is hop$1 be unacceptable to ! speciali/4 ,,au?or',s ,,note ,ackn[l$gem5ts mu/ be express$ to ! foll[+ p]sons :o h assi/$ 9 supply+ photographs or o!r mat]ials = ! illu/rations to ?is book3 to ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,h4 ,fr]e1 ,mr4 ,a4 ,riley1 & ! ,committee ( ! ,alcu9 ,club = p]mission to reproduce 9 plate #d a page ( a ,,ms4 ,pontifical2 to ,dr4 ,amh]/ ,d4 ,tyss5 & ! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,jessopp = blocks2 to ,w4 ,watson1 ,esq41 ( ,york1 & ,miss ,wilson ( ,idbury = photographs2 to ,messrs4 ,wills & ,hepwor? ( ,l\ghbor\gh1 ,messrs4 ,me>s & ,/a9bank1 & ,messrs4 ,taylor & ,co4 ( ,l\ghbor\gh = blocks1 negatives & photographs4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,e>ly ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,me?ods ,,( ,,ca/+ #a ,,ii4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,bell-,,f\nd]s #ba ,,iii4 ,,big ,,bells2 ,,c>illons ,,& ,,*imes2 ,,campaniles #dc ,,iv4 ,,*ange-,,r++ #fg ,v4 ,,uses ,,& ,,cu/oms ,,( ,,bells #ha ,,vi4 ,,! ,,decoration ,,( ,,bells ,,& ,,_! ,,inscriptions #aje ,,vii4 ,,! ,,c>e ,,( ,,bells #aci ,,index #aeg ,,illu/rations ,,page ,,k+ ,,david ,,play+ ,,on ,,h&-,,bells ,frontispiece ,,saxon ,,t[]1 ,,e>l',s ,,b>ton #c ,a ,,p]=m] ,,on ,,h&-,,bells #g ,,t[] ,,or ,,turret ,,) ,,bells #aa ,,bless+ ,,two ,,bells ,,newly ,,hung #ae ,,late ,,norman ,,bell-,,turret ,,at ,,wyre #ai ,,inn] ,,m\lds ,,= ,,ca/+ ,,bells #bc ,,out] ,,m\lds ,,= ,,ca/+ ,,bells #bg ,,m\lds ,,ready ,,= ,,ca/+ #ca ,,=m+ ,,! ,,m\ld #ce ,,runn+ ,,! ,,molt5 ,,metal #ci ,,! ,,mort> ,,( ,,fri> ,,t[?orpe #db ,,bell ,,by ,,an ,,e>ly ,,f\rte5?-,,c5tury ,,f\nd] #dg ,,bless+ ,,! ,,donor ,,( ,,! ,,bell #ea ,,/amps ,,us$ ,,by ,,london ,,f\nd]s #ed ,,bell ,,by ,,rob]t ,,mot ,,( ,,london #ei ,a ,,r+ ,,( ,,eight ,,bells #fc ,,! #i,,? ,,bell ,,( ,,l\ghbor\gh ,,*ur* #ff ,,t5or ,,bell ,,( ,,exet] ,,ca!dral #gc 8,,great ,,john ,,( ,,bev]ley0 #gg ,,! ,,great ,,bell ,,( ,,tong #hc 8,,great ,,paul0 #hg ,,! ,,old 8,,great ,,tom0 ,,( ,,we/m9/] #ia ,,! ,,belfry ,,( ,,bruges #id ,,! ,,campanile1 ,,*i*e/] ,,ca!dral #ii ,,! ,,old ,,campanile ,,( ,,k+',s ,,college1 ,,cambridge #ajb ,,! 8,,bell ,,h\se0 ,,at ,,ea/ ,,b]gholt #ajg ,,diagram ,,%[+ ,,me?od ,,( ,,hang+ ,a ,,bell #aaj ,,peal ,,( ,,eight ,,bells1 ,,ab]avon ,,*ur* #aac ,,r+]s ,,at ,s4 ,,paul',s ,,ca!dral #aai ,,r++ ,,! ,,sacr+ ,,bell #abc ,,sacr+ ,,bell ,,hung ,,on ,,rood-,,scre5 #abf ,,anci5t ,,sanctus ,,bell #abi ,,t[] ,,( ,,wal?am ,,abbey ,,*ur* #acc ,,symbols ,,( ,,! ,,f\r ,,evangeli/s #acg ,,bell ,,by ,,john ,,tonne #ada ,,go?ic ,,initial ,,lett]s1 ,,etc4 #ade #adi ,,"p ,,( ,a ,,sev5te5?-,,c5tury ,,bell #aec ,! ,arts ( ! ,*ur* ,,*ur* ,,bells ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,i ,e>ly ,hi/ory & ,me?ods ( ,ca/+4 ,! orig9 ( ! bell z an in/rum5t ( music is1 "o may almo/ say1 lo/ 9 antiquity4 ,its use is1 moreov]1 widely spread ov] ! :ole _w4 ,b ,i d n propose to enl>ge on its e>ly hi/ory "h1 or on its employm5t by all nations1 ,*ri/ian or hea!n4 ,space w n p]mit me to d m ?an trace its hi/ory & uses 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 & m p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,! ^w 8bell0 is said to be connect$ ) 8bell[0 & 8bleat0 & to ref] to its s\nd2 ! lat] ,lat9 writ]s call x1 among o!r names1 campana1 a ^w ) :i* we are famili>1 n only z frequ5tly occurr+ 9 old bell inscriptions1 b z =m+ "p ( ! ^w 8,campanalogy10 or ! sci5ce ( bell-r++4 ,! ,fr5* & ,g]mans1 aga91 call x clo*e & glocke respectively1 ! words be+ ! same z our 8clock02 b t is a lat] use1 & !y really mean 8cloak10 ) ref]5ce to ! %ape ( ! bell1 or r ( ! m\ld 9 :i* x is ca/4 ,mod]n bell-f\nd]s1 x is int]e/+ to note1 speak ( ! m\ld z ! cope1 :i* aga9 sugge/s a connection ) ! =m ( a g>m5t4 ,x is n kn[n exactly :5 bells 7 introduc$ into ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*2 b x is c]ta9 t l>ge bells ( ! =m ) :i* we are famili> 7 n inv5t$ until aft] "s c5turies ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! small & (t5 cl&e/9e congregations ( ! ages ( p]secution ne$$ no audible signal to call !m toge!r2 b ) ! adv5t ( peaceful times1 & ! gr[? ( ! congregations1 "s me?od ( summons d\btless came to be consid]$ necess>y4 ,_! inv5tion is sometimes ascrib$ to ,paul9us1 ,bi%op ( ,nola1 9 ,italy1 ab\t ,a4,d4 #djj2 sometimes to ,pope ,sab9ianus 7,a4,d4 #fjd71 ! successor ( ,gregory ! ,great4 ,at all ev5ts1 f ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5? c5tury notices ( bells ( "s size become frequ5t4 ,! ,v5]able ,b$e 9 #fhj br\ght a bell f ,italy to place 9 8 ,abbey at ,we>m\?1 & m5tions "o z be+ !n us$ at ,:itby ,abbey4 ,ab\t #gej1 we read t ,egb]t1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,york1 ord]$ ! prie/s to toll bells at ! appo9t$ h\rs4 ,+ulphus1 ! *ronicl] ( ,croyl& ,abbey1 m5tions t a peal ( sev5 bells 0 put up !re 9 ! t5? c5tury1 & t !re 0 n su* a h>moni\s peal 9 ! :ole ( ,engl&2 :i* implies t r+s ( bells 7 !n common4 ,if any d\bt on ! matt] /ill rema9$1 x w\ld be dispell$ by ! exi/5ce to ?is day ( "s hundr$ *ur* t[]s dat+ f ! ,saxon p]iod1 & evid5tly1 by _! size & con/ruction1 int5d$ to hold r+s ( bells 7,plate #a74 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #a4 ,photo by ,c4 ,law4 ,,saxon ,,t[]1 ,,e>l',s ,,b>ton1 ,,nor?ants4 ,a t[] built 9 ! fir/ half ( ! elev5? c5tury & int5d$ to conta9 bells4 7,see page #e47 ,i speak ( 8r+s ( bells0--& t is a m correct t]m ?an 8peal10 :i* ref]s to ! s\nd !y make--b x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 ^? days bells 7 n rung z 9 mod]n times4 ,at be/ !y 7 8*im$10 i4e41 s\nd$ )\t be+ rung up2 b *ange-r++1 :i* implies ! full sw++ r\nd ( ! bell ?r\gh a complete circle1 s t ! clapp] /rikes twice 9 ea* revolution1 0 only introduc$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & moreov] has always be5 peculi> to ?is c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #b4 ,a ,,p]=m] ,,on ,,h&-,,bells4 ,f a ,,ms4 ,missal 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 7,see page #e47 ,sev]al anci5t manuscripts h pictures :i* ?r[ light on ! use ( bells 9 e>ly times1 z1 = in/ance1 "o :i* depicts a p]=m] on a r[ ( small 8h&-bells0 susp5d$ f an ar*1 :i* he /rikes ) a hamm] 7,plate #b74 ,ano!r portrays ,k+ ,david engag$ 9 a simil> act 7,frontispiece72 & o!rs give repres5tations ( *ur* t[]s or turrets ) bells hang+ 9 !m1 app>5tly )\t :eels or r++ arrangem5ts 7,plate #c74 ,9 ! ,bayeux tape/ry !re is a repres5tation ( ! fun]al ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor1 9 :i* ! corpse is accompani$ by two boys1 ea* r++ a pair ( h&-bells4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #c4 ,,f ,a ,,manuscript ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum4 ,two bells hung 9 a *ur* t[] or turret2 ! me?od ( hang+ n %[n4 7,see page #f47 ,anci5t bells 7 inv>iably d$icat$ ) elaborate c]emonies1 & 7 baptiz$ ) ! "n ( ! sa9t or o!r p]son aft] :om !y 7 nam$ 7,plate #d74 ,! bells at ,croyl&1 j m5tion$1 7 nam$ ,pega1 ,bega1 ,turketyl1 ,tatw91 ,b>?olomew1 ,betel91 & ,gu?lac4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 mu* disput+ z to ! exact c]emonies employ$1 "s au?orities ma9ta9+ t bells 7 nei!r baptiz$ nor ev5 8wa%$10 b m]ely bless$ & consecrat$1 s z to be set ap>t f all secul> uses4 ,9 ! ,norman & e>ly ,plantag5et p]iod ! use ( bells mu/ h be5 g5]ally recogniz$4 ,9 ,london we he> ( "o ,alwoldus1 a campan>ius 7#aaej71 :i* c only mean 8bell-f\nd]40 ,& z e>ly z ! reign ( ,ri*>d ,i ! ,guild ( ,saddl]s 7 grant$ ! privilege ( r++ ! bells ( ! ,priory ( ,s4 ,m>t9-le-,gr& on ! occasion ( _! bi-weekly masses 9 ! *ur*4 ,! priory 0 also entitl$ to claim ! sum ( #h;d4 = r++ at ! fun]al ( deceas$ memb]s ( ! ,guild4 ,"s ( ! bell-cotes ( our small] p>i% *ur*es1 z at ,nor?bor\gh 9 ,nor?ants & ,manton1 ,rutl&1 appe> to date f ! ,norman p]iod 7,plate #e74 ,9 ! twelf? c5tury ,prior ,conrad gave five l>ge bells to ,cant]bury ,ca!dral1 & 9 #ajej !re 7 sev5 at ,exet]2 to r+ ! =m] no less ?an sixty-?ree m5 7 requir$6 ,b ^! are all m]e hi/orical records1 & x may be ( m int]e/ to "k :e!r any bells ( ?is remote date /ill exi/ 9 ,engl&4 ,) "o or two exceptions1 bells did n beg9 to be> inscriptions until ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & ev5 !n we d n f9d dates ^u !m4 ,! only e>ly-dat$ bells 9 ,engl& are at ,claughton1 9 ,lanca%ire 7#abif71 & ,cold ,a%by1 ,nor?ants 7#acag74 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "h & !re bells ( a peculi> %ape :i* x is possible to assign to a p]iod previ\s to ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,!y are long & cyl9drical 9 =m1 ) hemisph]ical or squ>e heads1 & usually v unpleas+ 9 tone1 z ! /raight sides *eck vibration4 ,"o su* bell1 =m]ly 9 ,worce/] ,ca!dral1 & n[ 9 ! possession ( ,"l ,amh]/ ( ,hackney1 mu/ belong to ! r+ put up by ,bi%op ,blois 9 #abbj 9 hon\r ( our ,,"l & ,8 ,"m4 ,ev5 m rem>kable is a bell at ,cav]sfield 9 ,ox=d%ire1 d$icat$ 89 hon\r ( ,s4 ,lawr5ce10 a long inscription on ! edge %[+ t x 0 giv5 by ,hugh ,g>gate1 ,"l ( ! ,manor 9 ! reign ( ,k+ ,john 7ab\t #abaj71 & ,sybilla 8 wife4 ,su* an inscription is v r>e at ?is e>ly date2 & x is int]e/+ to note t x is 9 pla9 ,roman or ,saxon capital lett]s1 :]eas all ! lat] inscrib$ bells h :at are kn[n z ,go?ic or ,lomb>dic lett]s1 :i* came 9 ab\t ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,mo/ c\nties possess examples ( ^! long1 n>r[ bells2 !y are specially common 9 ,%rop%ire & ,nor?umb]l&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! e>lie/ bells 7 probably n ca/1 b made ( metal plates rivet$ toge!r1 l ! mod]n c[-bell4 ,n a few bells ( ?is k9d h be5 une>!d at diff]5t times1 b !y are all m]e h&-bells ( v remote date1 i4e41 be=e ! ,norman ,conque/1 & ! process ( ca/+ mu/ h be5 introduc$ 9 v e>ly times into ,engl&4 ,bell-metal is a comp\nd ( copp] & t91 9 v>y+ proportions1 b usually ?ree to f\r p>ts ( copp] to "o "p ( t94 ,! =m] metal adds /r5g? & t5acity to ! bell1 ! latt] br+s out its tone4 ,! popul> sup]/ition t silv] improves ! tone ( bells is n only entirely baseless1 b 9 po9t ( fact x has j ! opposite effect6 ,! num]\s /ories :i* are curr5t1 ( silv] be+ ?r[n into bells at _! ca/+1 ( :i* ,great ,tom ( ,l9coln is an example1 mu/ !re=e be discr$it$4 ,9 rec5t ye>s /eel bells h be5 made by "o ,engli% firm1 b !y are only "o degree less objectionable ?an ! tubes ( metal :i* are sometimes also dignifi$ by ! "n4 ,! process ( ca/+ a bell1 z employ$ bo? by anci5t & mod]n f\nd]s1 may be describ$ some:at z foll[s3--,! fir/ bus9ess is ! con/ruction ( ! core1 a holl[ cone ( brick some:at small] ?an ! inn] diamet] ( ! int5d$ bell1 ov] :i* is pla/]$ a specially-prep>$ mixture ( clay1 br++ x up to ! exact size & %ape ( ! int]ior ( ! bell4 ,?is 0 usually modell$ ) ! aid ( a wood5 8crook10 some?+ l a pair ( compasses2 b is n[ done ) an iron framework call$ a 8sweep10 :i* revolves on a pivot & m\lds ! core by means ( metal blades4 ,?is clay m\ld is !n bak$ h>d by means ( a fire light$ )9 x4 ,! next /age 0 ! con/ruction ( ! cope or out] cas+ ( ! m\ld1 :i* us$ to be also made 9 h>d clay1 its inn] surface foll[+ ! out] %ape & dim5sions ( ! bell4 ,! 8?ickness0 ( ! bell itself1 i4e41 ! "p to be occupi$ by ! molt5 metal1 0 =m$ 9 a friable composition :i* 0 laid ov] ! core & !n de/roy$4 ,9 mod]n times ! 8?ickness0 has be5 disp5s$ )1 ! cope be+ =m$ by l9+ a cas+ ( ca/ iron ) clay %ap$ to ! ext]nal =m & dim5sions ( ! bell4 ,! m\ld is n[ complete1 except = provid+ = ! cannons or metal loops :i* atta* ! bell to ! /ock1 & ! loop to :i* ! clapp] is susp5d$ inside4 ,e c>e hav+ be5 tak5 to adju/ ! respective positions ( ! cope & core ) exactness1 ! molt5 metal is !n p\r$ 9 ?r\gh an op5+1 & left to cool1 aft] :i* ! bell comes out complete4 ,! process is analog\s to t kn[n z cire p]du1 employ$ by sculptors = ! ca/+ ( bronze /atues4 ,illu/rations ( ! m\ld+ processes are giv5 9 ,plates #f-aj4 ,inscriptions & ornam5ts are produc$ 9 relief on ! bell f /amps1 also 9 relief1 :i* are press$ into ! m\ld1 mak+ a holl[ impression 9 x4 ,copies ( co9s 7 (t5 produc$ 9 ?is way by ! old] f\nd]s4 ,d[n to ab\t ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury ea* lett]1 or sometimes ea* ^w1 0 plac$ on a sep>ate pat]a or tablet ( metal4 ,! usual place = ! inscription is j bel[ ! 8%\ld]0-angle2 b mod]n f\nd]s pref] ! middle or 8wai/40 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #d4 ,,! ,,bless+ ,,( ,,two ,,bells ,,newly ,,hung ,,9 ,a ,,*ur* ,,t[]4 ,f a ,,ms4 ,pontifical ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 7,see page #f47 ,a v int]e/+ illu/ration ( ^! processes is giv5 9 ! fam\s bell-f\nd]'s w9d[ 9 ! nor? aisle ( ,york ,m9/]1 dat+ f ! f\rte5? c5tury1 "p ( :i* is "h reproduc$4 ,! w9d[ is divid$ into ?ree lights1 ea* hav+ five comp>tm5ts1 & 9 ea* light is a l>ge pr9cipal subject surr\nd$ by ornam5tation 9 ! =m ( bells1 grotesque animals1 & o!r devices1 ) two r[s ( bells hang+ 9 trefoil-head$ ar*es above4 ,9 ! c5tral comp>tm5t ( ! middle light 7,plate #ac7 ! subject is ! bless+ by an ar*bi%op ( ! bell-f\nd]1 :o kneels 9 a supplicat+ attitude2 9 8 h&s is a scroll inscrib$ ) 8 "n1 ,,ri*>d ,,tunnoc1 & "u ! canopy above ! gr\p a bell is susp5d$4 ,! o!r two lights h z _! ma9 subjects sc5es f ! actual processes ( bell-f\nd+4 ,9 ! left-h& light 7,plate #i7 we h ! =m+ ( ! inn] m\ld or 8core10 z already describ$4 ,"o figure is turn+ x ) a h&le l t ( a gr9d/one1 :ile ano!r m\lds ! clay to its prop] =m ) a long crook$ tool4 ,! core re/s on two tre/les1 betwe5 ! legs ( :i* two complet$ bells are se52 above are a bell & a scroll ) ! f\nd]'s "n4 ,9 ! "r-h& w9d[ 7,plate #aj7 are ?ree figures engag$ 9 runn+ ! molt5 metal1 :i* is col\r$ r$4 ,! metal is kept heat$ 9 ! furnace by means ( bell[s1 work$ by two boys1 :ile ! *ief workman wat*es ! molt5 /ream runn+ into ! m\ld4 ,! next process1 9 ! case ( a 8r+0 ( bells1 is ! tun+ :i* is g5]ally necess>y1 ?\gh sometimes ! f\nd] is =tunate en\gh to turn out :at is kn[n z a 8maid5 peal40 ,=m]ly ?is 0 done by *ipp+ ! inside ( ! bell or cutt+ away ! edge ( ! lip4 ,b x is n[ m effectively accompli%$ by a v]tical la!1 driv5 by /eam4 ,! mod]n bell-f\nd] c atta9 to mu* great] exactness 9 ?is respect1 because x is n[ recogniz$ t !re is a regul> ratio betwe5 ! weight ( a bell & its diamet]1 & t a c]ta9 size or weight implies a c]ta9 musical note4 ,?us = a r+ ( eight 9 ! key ( ,f1 ! weight ( ! t5or w\ld be #ad cwt41 & its diamet] at ! m\? reckon$ at #db in*es1 ! treble #e cwt41 & its diamet] #bi in*es4 ,! frames are made sep>ately1 & ! bells hung on !m 9 ! t[] ) _! head/ocks already atta*$#a2 until rec5tly all ^! fitt+s 7 made ( wood1 & iron or brass 7 only us$ = ! small] p>ts1 b x is n[ ! cu/om ( "s f\nd]s to employ iron frames1 & ev5 iron /ocks1 :i* may be an improvem5t 9 lightness & /ability1 or = r++ purposes1 b are h>dly s 9 appe>ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #e4 ,photo by ,j4 ,glov]1 ,p]%ore4 ,,late ,,norman ,,bell-,,turret 7,,ab\t #aahj7 ,,at ,,wyre ,,*ur*1 ,,worce/]%ire4 ,!re are op5+s = two bells1 b only "o is n[ us$4 7,see page #h47 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,! ,engli% ,bell-f\nd]s ,9 e>ly m$iaeval times x is probable t bell-f\nd+ 0 l>gely ! "w ( ! mona/ic ord]s4 ,x 0 reg>d$ r z a f9e art ?an a trade1 & ecclesia/ics seem to h vi$ 9 produc+ ! mo/ +5i\s & recondite ,lat9 rhym+ v]ses to adorn _! bells4 ,s4 ,dun/an1 ^: skill z a smi? is famili> to all1 is kn[n to h be5 in/rum5tal 9 hang+1 if n 9 ca/+ bells2 & at ,cant]bury he gave c>eful directions = _! correct use4 ,s4 ,e!lwold1 ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/] #ifc-ihd1 ca/ bells = ,ab+don ,abbey4 ,9 ! museum at ,york !re is a mort> ( bell-metal ca/ by ,fri> ,william de ,t[?orpe1 ) ! date #acjh 7,plate #aa72 b ?is belongs to lat] times1 :5 a class ( pr(essional f\nd]s _h sprung up1 & is !re=e exceptional4 ,we read1 h[ev]1 ( ,sir ,william ,corvehill1 a monk ( ,w5lock ,priory1 :o di$ %ortly aft] its dissolution1 9 #aedf1 t he 8c\ld make organs1 clocks1 & *imes10 & 0 8a good bell-f\nd] & mak] ( ! frames = bells40 ,x has n be5 possible to trace 8 "w 9 any exi/+ bells4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #f4 ,,inn] ,,m\lds ,,or ,,cores ,,= ,,ca/+ ,a ,,r+ ,,( ,,eight ,,bells4 7,see page #ad47 ,f "t to "t1 h[ev]1 we he> ( pr(essional bell-f\nd]s1 z !y may be t]m$1 & ev5 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury f\ndries appe> to h be5 />t$ 9 ,london1 ,bri/ol1 ,gl\ce/]1 & ,york4 ,! ,london 8belleyet]es10 z !y are call$1 e>ly atta9$ a position ( importance4 ,_m ( !m are m5tion$ 9 contempor>y records ( ! f\rte5? c5tury2 ( o!rs we h ! exi/+ wills1 :i* enable u to trace ! succession f "o g5]ation to ano!r2 & aga9 ! names ( sev]al occur on bells ( ?is p]iod1 contr>y to ! usual m$iaeval practice4 ,9 ! days :5 "w = ! ,*ur* 0 a lab\r ( love1 less importance 0 atta*$ to self-adv]tisem5t2 ?\gh ! /ud5t ( ! pa/ may regret ?is 9 "s measure if x deprives him ( in=mation he wi%es to acquire4 ,! fir/ ,london f\nd]s ( note 7 a family ( ! "n ( ,wymbi%1 resid+ 9 ,aldgate1 :i* 0 always ! bell-f\nd]s' qu>t]1 z ! /ill exi/+ "n ( ,billit] 7or ,belleyet]e7 ,/reet implies4 ,!re 7 ?ree ,wymbi%es--,ri*>d1 ,mi*ael1 & ,walt]--cov]+ ! p]iod #abij-acaj4 ,ri*>d ca/ bells = ! neighb\r+ ,priory ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity1 & has left 8 "n at ,gor+1 9 ,ox=d%ire1 & on o!r bells 9 ,essex1 ,k5t1 ,nor?ants1 & ,suffolk2 ,mi*ael ca/ five bells /ill rema9+ 9 ,bucks2 & ,walt]1 "o 9 ,sussex4 ,o!r important f\nd]s ( ?is c5tury are ,pet] de ,we/on1 ,william ,revel1 & ,william ,bur=d4#b ,john & ,william ,ruf=d1 :o may h _h _! f\ndry at ,b$=d1 7 kn[n z 8,royal bell-f\nd]s10 & plac$ ^u _! bells ! heads ( ! reign+ ,k+1 ,edw>d ,,iii1 & 8 consort1 ,philippa4 ,^! /amps h a v curi\s hi/ory2 & 7 successively ! prop]ty ( f\nd]s at ,k+'s ,lynn1 ,worce/]1 ,leice/]1 & ,nott+ham4 ,at ! latt] place !y rema9$ 9 use f ab\t #adjj d[n to ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury2 & _! la/ appe>ance is 9 #ahjf1 on a bell at ,wal?am ,abbey1 ca/ by ,briant ( ,h]t=d4 ,betwe5 #acgj & #ache !re 0 a f\nd] 9 ,k5t ^: "n 0 ,/eph5 ,norton2 he us$ v ri*ly-ornam5t$ lett]s1 :i* may be se5 on "o ( ! old bells ( ,worce/] ,ca!dral1 ca/ by him :5 ! t[] 0 rebuilt4 ,! o!r pr9cipal f\ndries ( ?is c5tury 7 at ,k+'s ,lynn1 ,gl\ce/]1 & ,york4 ,! ,gl\ce/] f\ndry 0 successively 9 ! h&s ( 8,s&re ( ,gl\ce/]0 7#acjj-acbj7 & 8,ma/] ,john ( ,gl\ce/]0 7#acdj-acej74 ,! latt]'s reputation app>5tly ext5d$ to ,ea/ ,anglia1 z 9 #acdg he 0 commission$ to ca/ six new bells = ! ,ca!dral at ,ely1 :i* 7 convey$ ?i!r f ,nor?ampton by way ( ! ,n5e & ,ouse4 ,! l>ge/ bell1 call$ 8,,iesvs10 weigh$ ne>ly two tons1 & ! f\r? 0 nam$ 8,wals+ham10 aft] ! fam\s ,prior ,alan :o con/ruct$ ! c5tral octagon ( ! ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #g4 ,,out] ,,m\lds ,,or ,,copes ,,= ,,ca/+ ,a ,,r+ ,,( ,,eight ,,bells4 7,see page #ad47 ,( ! ,york f\nd]s1 ! mo/ fam\s is ,ri*>d ,tunnoc1 commemorat$ 9 ! rem>kable 8,bell-f\nd]'s w9d[0 already describ$ 7,plate #ac74 ,he 0 ,m4,p4 = ! city 9 #acbg1 & di$ 9 #accj4 ,! names ( o!r kn[n f\nd]s ( ?is city ext5d f ,johannes de ,copgrave1 9 #aaej1 d[n to ! "t ( ! ,re=mation4 ,a bell at ,scawton1 9 ! ,nor? ,rid+1 has be5 ?\ght to be ! "w ( ,copgrave1 &1 if s1 is by f> ! e>lie/ exi/+ *ur* bell 9 ,engl&1 if n 9 ,europe4 ,9 ! fifte5? c5tury 7) :i* we may include ! :ole p]iod d[n to ! ,re=mation7 ! bell-f\ndries increase n only 9 importance b 9 numb]s2 & ^? already m5tion$ f9d rivals spr++ up at ,read+ & ,wok+ham1 ,exet]1 ,bri/ol1 ,leice/]1 ,norwi*1 ,nott+ham1 ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 ,salisbury1 & ,worce/]4 ,! "* ( ! inscriptions n[ *anges1 & 9 mo/ cases 7?\gh n inv>iably7 we f9d 8black-lett] smalls10 ) initial capitals1 sub/itut$ = ! old ,go?ic capitals us$ ?r\gh\t4 ,!re is also a great increase 9 ! numb] & v>iety ( ! crosses & o!r ornam5tal devices us$ by ! f\nd]s1 & _m introduce f\ndry-%ields or trade-m>ks1 ) quasi-h]aldic or punn+ devices4 ,! ,london f\ndries1 h[ev]1 /ill ma9ta9 _! place at ! head ( ! craft1 & _! bells are f\nd all ov] ,engl& f ,nor?umb]l& to ,cornwall4 ,two f\nd]s ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ,h5ry ,jordan & ,john ,danyell1 ^: date is ab\t #adej-adgj1 ca/ betwe5 !m ab\t two hundr$ bells /ill exi/+4 ,^! are adorn$ ) "s beautiful & +5i\s devices1 su* z an elegant cross surr\nd$ by ! words ihu m]ci ladi help 7,plate #ad7 & ! ,royal ,arms surm\nt$ by a cr[n4 ,jordan's f\ndry-%ield be>s1 among o!r devices1 a bell & a lav]-pot z symbolical ( 8 trade1 & a dolph9 ) ref]5ce to 8 memb]%ip ( ! ,fi%mong]s' ,company4 ,ano!r rem>kable device 7,plate #ad7 is t us$ by ,william ,culv]d5 7#aeaj-aebc71 ) a rebus on 8 "n 7culv] 8pigeon074 ,?omas ,bullisdon is rem>kable z hav+ ca/ a r+ ( five bells = ! ,priory ( ,s4 ,b>?olomew 9 ,smi?field ab\t #aeaj1 all ( :i* /ill exi/ !re4 ,to tell ( ! works ( ,rog] ,l&5 ( ,wok+ham1 ,rob]t ,h5dley ( ,gl\ce/]1 ,john ( ,/af=d 7a ,leice/] f\nd]71 ,rob]t ,norton ( ,exet]1 or ! ,brasy]s ( ,norwi*1 w\ld require a volume4 ,i c only note "s int]e/+ features ( _! "w4 ,! ,brasy]s seem to h be5 ! mo/ successful work]s outside ,london1 & no less ?an "o hundr$ & fifty ( _! bells /ill exi/ 9 ,norfolk4 ,_! trade-m>k 0 a %ield ) ?ree bells & a cr[n1 :i* aft] ! ,re=mation w5t to ! ,leice/] f\ndry1 & "s ( _! inscriptions1 9 rhym+ hexamet]s1 are v beautiful4 ,a ,bri/ol f\nd] ( ab\t #adej us$ = 8 m>k a %ip1 ! badge ( 8 native city4 ,! ,bury f\nd]s 7 also gun-mak]s1 & place on _! trade-m>k a bell & a cannon1 ) ! cr[n & cross$ arr[s ( ,s4 ,edmund4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #h4 ,,m\lds ,,ready ,,= ,,ca/+4 ,! inn] & out] m\lds clamp$ toge!r2 ! molt5 metal is p\r$ 9 ?r\gh an ap]ture at ! top4 7,see page #ad47 ,v few bells ( ?is p]iod are dat$2 b we f9d examples at ,worce/]1 p]haps ca/ by ! monks !re1 ) ! dates #adhj & #adhb2 & at ,?irsk 7#adaj71 on a bell :i* is said to h come f ,f\nta9s ,abbey4 ,!re are also "s bells 9 ,l9coln%ire1 dat$ #adbc & #adca1 by an unkn[n f\nd]1 b rem>kable = ! extraord9>y beauty ( ! lett]+ 7,plate #cf74 ,dat$ m$iaeval bells are m commonly f =eign s\rces1 z at ,bas*ur*1 9 ,%rop%ire1 :]e is a ,dut* bell by ,jan van ,v5lo1 dat$ #addg1 :i* is said to h come f ,valle ,crucis ,abbey4 ,at ,:alley ,abbey1 9 ,lanca%ire1 is a ,belgian bell ( #aecg1 by ,pet] van d5 ,ghe91 & at ,duncton1 9 ,sussex1 a ,fr5* bell dat$ #acfi4 ,! p]iod ( ! ,re=mation1 d[n to ab\t #afjj1 01 z has be5 said1 8a real bad "t = bell-f\nd]s10 & sev]al ( ! important f\ndries1 z at ,bri/ol1 ,gl\ce/]1 & else:]e1 appe> ei!r to h be5 clos$ = a "t or di$ out altoge!r4 ,! *ief cause ( ?is 0 d\btless ! dissolution ( ! mona/]ies1 c\pl$ ) ! op]ations ( ,edw>d ,,vi's commission]s1 l>ge numb]s ( bells be+ sold or conv]t$ into secul> prop]ty4 ,^! 7 di/ribut$ among ! p>i% *ur*es1 & _m in/ances may be trac$ ( second-h& bells /ill exi/+1 z at ,abb]ley1 9 ,worce/]%ire1 :]e !re is an anci5t bell f a ,york%ire mona/]y4 ,x %\ld also be rememb]$ t v little *ur*-build+ 0 done 9 ! latt] half ( ! c5tury4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! /atem5t :i* has ga9$ "s curr5cy1 t ! commission]s only left "o bell 9 ea* p>i% *ur*1 is n borne out by facts4 ,_m *ur*es /ill possess ?ree or ev5 f\r m$iaeval bells :i* mu/ h hung unt\*$ 9 _! t[]s be=e & s9ce ! reign ( ,edw>d ,,vi4 ,b ?is lapse 9 bell-f\nd+ 0 n inv>iable2 ! f\ndries at ,leice/]1 ,nott+ham1 ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 & ,read+ actually seem to h receiv$ a new lease ( life1 & #aefj-afjj is almo/ _! mo/ fl\ri%+ p]iod4 ,?is is especially ! case at ,leice/]1 :]e a well-kn[n family nam$ ,newcombe 7 at "w1 succe$$ by an equally celebrat$ f\nd] nam$ ,hugh ,watts1 ^: f9e bells 7 des]v$ly fam\s4 ,at ,nott+ham we h ! dyna/y ( ! ,oldfields1 la/+ f #aeej to #agaj2 & at ,read+ a s]ies ( f\nd]s ( diff]5t names1 end+ 9 a succession ( ,knights d[n to #agjj4 ,! ,hat*es ( ,ulcombe1 9 ,k5t1 7 ano!r prosp]\s family1 z 7 ! ,eldridges ( ,*]tsey4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #i4 ,,=m+ ,,! ,,m\ld4 ,"p ( ! ,bell ,f\nd]'s ,w9d[ 9 ,york ,m9/]4 7,see page #af47 ,at ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 "o ,/eph5 ,tonne reign$ f #aefj to #aehj4 ,8 f\ndry 01 h[ev]1 de/9$ to yield to ! sway ( t at ,col*e/]1 :i* beg9s ) ,ri*>d ,b[l] ab\t #aeij1 & rea*$ its culm9ation betwe5 #afbj & #afdj1 "u ! great ,miles ,graye1 :o has be5 call$ 8! pr9ce ( bell-f\nd]s40 ,numb]s ( 8 bells rema9 9 ,essex & ,suffolk1 8 ma/]piece be+1 by common cons5t ( r+]s1 ! t5or at ,lav5ham1 9 ,suffolk4 ,at ,col*e/]1 z 9 o!r f\ndries1 ! sev5 ye>s ( /orm & /ress--#afdb-afdi--:ile ! ,civil ,w> betwe5 ,*>les ,i & ! ,p>liam5t rag$ 9 ,engl&1 practically put an end to bell-f\nd+4 ,siege & o!r tr\bles c]ta9ly ha/5$ ! end ( old ,miles ,graye1 :o di$ 9 #afdi1 worn out by privation & bodily suff]+4 ,8 gr&son ,miles kept on ! f\ndry until #afhf4 ,turn+ to ! ,we/ ( ,engl&1 we f9d ! f\ndries at ,bri/ol1 ,gl\ce/]1 ,worce/]1 & ,salisbury /ill 9 a fl\ri%+ condition4 ,at ,bri/ol ,george ,purdue1 a native ( ,taunton1 0 foll[$ by ,rog] & ,william ,purdue 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury2 ! latt] migrat$ to ,salisbury ab\t #afee1 :]e he c>ri$ on ! "w ( ,john ,wallis & ,john ,danton4 ,?omas ,purdue1 ! la/ ( ! family1 di$ at ,closwor?1 9 ,som]set1 9 #agaa1 & on 8 tomb/one are ! words-- 8,,"h ,,lies ,a ,,bellf\nd]1 ,,hone/ ,,& ,,true1 ,,until ,,! ,,resurrection1 ,,nam$ ,,purdue40 ,9 ! ,we/ ( ,engl& _! place 0 fill$ by ! ,p5n+tons ( ,exet]1 ! ,evanses ( ,*ep/[1 & ! ,bilbies ( ,*ew-,/oke1 ,som]set4 ,! ,ke5es ( ,b$=d & ,wood/ock1 ,john ,palm] ( ,gl\ce/]1 & ,john ,m>t9 ( ,worce/]1 all did good "w 9 _! day1 z did ! ,cliburys ( ,well+ton1 9 ,%rop%ire4 ,ano!r important ,midl& firm 0 t ( ! ,bagleys1 ( ,*acomb1 9 ,nor?ampton%ire1 ^: f\ndry 0 op5$ 9 #afca1 & fl\ri%$ till ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury2 ?\gh 9 ! latt] p]iod its own]s became re/less1 & settl$ tempor>ily 9 ,london1 ,witney1 & o!r places4 ,9 ! ,nor?1 ,york 0 aga9 ! *ief bell-f\nd+ c5tre1 & ,samuel ,smi? & ! ,sell]s 7 fam\s expon5ts ( ! art2 9 ! ,ea/ ( ,engl& we h1 besides ,miles ,graye1 fir/ ! ,br5ds ( ,norwi*1 !n ,john ,d>bie ( ,ipswi*1 & ,?omas ,g>d9] ( ,sudbury4 ,sev]al f\nd]s betwe5 #aefj & #agjj 7 m]e j\rneym51 :o w5t ab\t f place to place1 do+ jobs :]e !y c\ld4 ,( su* 0 ,mi*ael ,d>bie1 ( :om x is said1 8"o specim5 ( 8 ca/+ seems to h be5 en\gh = a neighb\rhood40 ,at ,blewbury1 9 ,b]k%ire1 a local man attempt$ to reca/ a bell 9 #ahbe4 ,he fail$ twice1 b 0 !n successful1 & plac$ on 8 "w ! appropriate motto1 ,nil desp]&um4 ,ap>t f ?is1 x 0 n at all uncommon = bells to be ca/ on ! spot1 z 7 ,great ,tom ( ,l9coln & ! great bell ( ,cant]bury1 or at "s conv5i5t int]m$iate place4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #aj4 ,,runn+ ,,! ,,molt5 ,,metal4 ,"p ( ! ,bell ,f\nd]'s ,w9d[ 9 ,york ,m9/]4 7,see pages #af1 #ag47 ,9 #afhd a fre% />t 0 giv5 to ! ,gl\ce/] f\ndry1 !n fall5 on bad days1 by ,abraham ,rudhall1 p]haps ! mo/ successful f\nd] ,engl& has kn[n4 ,he & 8 desc5dants ca/ altoge!r #d1eba bells d[n to #ahcj1 & _! fame spread all ov] ! ,we/ ( ,engl&1 f ,cornwall to ,lanca%ire1 & ev5 ov] ! seas4 ,mo/ ( ! big r+s ( bells 9 ! ,we/ ,midl&s are _! "w4 ,! f\ndry f9ally came to an end 9 #ahce1 :5 ! bus9ess 0 b\ght up by ,me>s ( ,london4 ,9 ,london itself bell-f\nd+ seems to h come almo/ to an end betwe5 #aecj & #aegj4 ,b ab\t ! latt] ye> arose "o ,rob]t ,mot1 :o set on foot :at is n[ ! olde/-e/abli%$ bus9ess ( any k9d 9 ,engl&4 ,! f\ndry 9 ! ,:ite*apel ,road1 n[ only a %ort di/ance remov$ f its orig9al home1 has always upheld its reputation ?r\gh\t ! ?ree hundr$ ye>s & m dur+ :i* x has be5 cont9u\sly work$4 ,sev]al ( ,mot's bells /ill rema9 9 ,london1 & _m o!rs 9 ,k5t & ,essex 7,plate #ae74 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ! f\ndry 0 9 ! h&s ( ,an?ony & ,james ,b>tlet1 :o ca/ _m bells = ,wr5's *ur*es aft] ! ,great ,fire4 ,9 ! eighte5?1 "u ,phelps1 ,le/]1 ,pack1 & ,*apman1 successively1 its reputation gradually increas$1 & 9 #aghc began a dyna/y ( ,me>ses la/+ d[n to #ahgj4 ,! "n is /ill pres]v$ by ! firm ( ,me>s & ,/a9bank1 ?\gh nei!r a ,me>s nor a ,/a9bank n[ owns a %>e 9 ! bus9ess4 ,an illu/ration ( _! bells is giv5 9 ,plate #af4 ,_! great rivals ( mod]n times1 ! ,taylors ( ,l\ghbor\gh1 _c emulate !m 9 antiquity1 ?\gh !y c /ill boa/ a respectable p$igree1 dat+ f ,?omas ,eayre ( ,kett]+1 9 #agca4 ,aft] mov+ to ,s4 ,neots1 ,leice/]1 & ,ox=d1 ! firm f9ally settl$1 ab\t #ahdj1 "u ,john ,taylor1 at ,l\ghbor\gh1 :]e 8 gr&sons n[ c>ry on ! bus9ess4 ,illu/rations ( _! bells are giv5 9 ,plates #ag-ba4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #aa4 ,,! ,,mort> ,,( ,,fri> ,,t[?orpe4 7,see page #ba47 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,big ,bells2 ,c>illons & ,*imes2 ,campaniles ,bells ( exceptional size1 /yl$ 9 ,lat9 ,signa1 are no new inv5tion ( ! f\nd]'s art4 ,x speaks mu* = ! skill ( ! m$iaeval craftsman t he %\ld h be5 able to ca/ giant bells :i* n only rivall$ ! *efs-d'oeuvre ( our own day1 b1 z objects ( beauty1 c]ta9ly surpass$ !m4 ,9 ! twelf? c5tury a 8t5or0 0 add$ by ,prior ,wyb]t to ,prior ,conrad's great r+ ( five at ,cant]bury ,ca!dral1 :i* bell1 x is said1 took ?irty-two m5 to r+ x4 7,?is 0 a*iev$ by plac+ !m on a plank fa/5$ to a /ock1 by :i* means x 0 set 9 motion47 ,x 01 h[ev]1 surpass$ by ano!r ca/ 9 #acaf1 9 memory ( ,s4 ,?omas ( ,cant]bury4 ,?is weigh$ ov] #c tons1 b 0 brok5 9 ! fall ( ! campanile1 #achb1 & 0 replac$ 9 #adei by a slightly heavi] bell1 ca/ 9 ,london1 & d$icat$ 9 hon\r ( ,s4 ,dun/an4 ,its successor1 a re-ca/+ by ,le/] & ,pack ( ,london1 9 #agfb1 /ills hangs 9 ! s\?-we/ t[]1 & is us$ = ! clock & = toll+4 ,! ca!dral ( ,exet] 0 furni%$ ) two bells :i* des]ve ! title ( great2 b "o1 ! t5or ( ! old r+ ( sev51 does n /rictly come )9 ! limits ( ?is *apt]1 :i* deals ) s+le bells4 ,all ^! old bells _h names1 "s d]iv$ f _! donors1 & ! t5or 0 call$ ,gr&ison1 f ! bi%op by :om x 0 giv5 ab\t #acfj4 ,its successor1 ca/ 9 #aijb1 by ,taylor ( ,l\ghbor\gh1 weighs ab\t #c tons 7,plate #ah74 ,! o!r1 ,great ,pet] ( ,exet]1 hangs 9 ! nor? t[]1 & 0 ! gift ( ,bi%op ,pet] 7,c\rt5ay7 9 #adhd4 ,x has be5 twice re-ca/1 & ! pres5t bell is ! "w ( ! ,?omas ,purdue m5tion$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 dat$ #afgf4 ,! f\nd] attempt$ to pres]ve ! old m$iaeval inscription1 ,plebs patri plaudit dum petrum pl5ius audit 8,! p ( ! c\ntry applaud :5 !y he> ,pet]'s full s\nd10 b only f\nd room = ! fir/ five words4 ,f ! /yle ( ! inscription we ga!r t x 0 orig9ally ca/ at ! ,exet] f\ndry4 ,its weight is giv5 z #f tons1 b accord+ to ano!r e/imate is n m ?an f\r4 ,!re is a rival 8,great ,pet]0 at ,gl\ce/]1 & "h ! orig9al bell /ill survives1 ! only m$iaeval signum :i* we /ill possess4 ,x be>s ! inscription1 ,me fecit fi]i conv5tus nom9e petri 8,! mona/]y _h me made 9 ,pet]'s "n10 toge!r ) two %ields1 "o *>g$ ) ?ree bells1 ! o!r ) ! arms ( ! abbey4 ,x may h be5 ca/ by ! monks1 z x be>s no kn[n f\ndry-/amps1 b ! expression 8_h me made0 seems to imply o!rwise4 ,its weight is #b tons #ah cwt4 ,yet ano!r1 b a mod]n 8,great ,pet]10 is t ( ,york ,m9/]1 ca/ 9 #ahde1 & weigh+ #ab tons4 ,x is ! second l>ge/ *ur* bell 9 ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ab4 ,,bell ,,by ,,an ,,e>ly ,,f\rte5?-,,c5tury ,,london ,,f\nd]4 ,) inscription 9 ,go?ic capitals4 7,see page #bd47 ,f 8,great ,pet]s0 we pass to 8,great ,toms40 ,( ^! !re are two fam\s examples1 "o at ,l9coln ,ca!dral1 ! o!r at ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,ox=d4 ,! ,l9coln ,tom1 :i* hangs 9 ! c5tral t[] ( ! ca!dral1 does n appe> 9 records be=e #afaj1 9 :i* ye> x 0 re-ca/ by ,h5ry ,oldfield ( ,nott+ham1 & ,rob]t ,newcombe ( ,leice/]4 ,x 0 ca/ 9 ! m9/] y>d1 & weigh$ #d tons #h cwt4 ,9 c\rse ( "t x 0 f\nd to be too heavy = ! t[]1 & 0 8clock$10 or ti$ d[n1 z a contempor>y j\rnali/ describes x1 9 #ahjb3 8,he has be5 *a9$ & rivet$ d[n1 s t in/ead ( ! full m\?ful he ha? be5 us$ to s5d =?1 he is enjo9$ 9 ! future m]ely to wag 8 tongue40 ,! result 0 inevitable1 & 9 #ahbg 8he0 0 report$ crack$1 :i* l$ to 8 be+ re-ca/ by ,me>s ( ,:ite*apel 9 #ahce4 ,great ,tom ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 :i* n[ hangs 9 ! t[] ov] ! gateway1 orig9ally came to ! newly-f\nd$ 8,,h\se ,,( ,,*ri/0 f ! despoil$ ,abbey ( ,os5ey4 ,six o!r bells 7 br\ght ) x1 ( :i* two /ill hang 9 ! 8meat-safe0 belfry4 ,antony ,wood1 ! ,ox=d *ronicl]1 tells u t x bore ! inscription3 ,,9 ,,?omae ,,lavde ,,resono ,,bimbom ,,s9e ,,fravde 8,9 ! praise ( ,?omas ,i s\nd #8,bimbom' )\t guile40 ,?rice unsuccessfully reca/ betwe5 #afab & #afhj1 x is 9 its pres5t =m ! "w ( ,*ri/oph] ,hodson1 a ,london f\nd]1 :o plac$ ^u x a long inscription beg9n+ ) ! words1 ,,magnus ,,?omas 78,great ,tom074 ,oxonians w rememb] ! r++ ( ! bell e night at n9e o'clock4 ,among o!r great bells ( hi/orical int]e/ we may m5tion t :i* hangs 9 ! s\? t[] ( ,bev]ley ,m9/]4 ,x surviv$ f m$iaeval times until s rec5t a date z #aijb1 :5 x 0 re-ca/ by ,messrs4 ,taylor ( ,l\ghbor\gh ! weight be+ no less ?an #g tons 7,plate #ai74 ,! old bell 0 probably ca/ at ,leice/] ab\t #acej1 & bore "s ( ! mo/ beautiful lett]+ ev] design$ by m$iaeval craftsm5 7,plate #cf74 ,ano!r ( ,messrs4 ,taylor's great works is ! great bell ( ,tong1 9 ,%rop%ire 7,plate #bj71 orig9ally giv5 by ,sir ,h>ry ,v]non1 9 #aeah1 to be toll$ 8:5 any ,v]non came to ,tong40 ,x 0 reca/ 9 #agbj1 & aga9 9 #ahib1 its pres5t weight be+ #b tons4 ,x 0 d$icat$ to ,,ss4 ,m>y & ,b>?olomew4 ,ano!r great m$iaeval bell1 only rec5tly reca/1 des]ves m5tion "h1 ?\gh /rictly speak+1 ! t5or ( a r+1 & n a signum4 ,?is is ! magnific5t t5or at ,brailes1 9 ,w>wick%ire1 ri*ly ornam5t$ ) %ields1 cr[ns1 & o!r devices1 ca/ by ,john ,bird ( ,london1 ab\t #adbj4 ,x bore a beautiful inscription tak5 f an old ,asc5sion ,day hymn4 ,greatly to ! cr$it ( ! local au?orities1 ! inscription & ornam5ts 7 exactly reproduc$ f ! old crack$ bell on its successor1 an admirable piece ( "w execut$ 9 #ahgg by ,messrs4 ,blews ( ,birm+ham4 ,! bell weighs ab\t #b tons4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ac4 ,,bless+ ,,! ,,donor ,,( ,,! ,,bell4 ,"p ( ! ,bell ,f\nd]'s ,w9d[ 9 ,york ,m9/]4 7,see page #bf47 ,among great mod]n bells ! h\r-bell at ,worce/] ,ca!dral1 ca/ by ,taylor 9 #ahfh1 & weigh+ #d tons1 des]ves special m5tion1 z does a bell at ,woburn1 ,b$=d%ire1 ! "w ( ,me>s & ,/a9bank ( ,london1 9 #ahfg1 weigh+ ne>ly #c tons4 ,! =m] be>s an inscription tak5 f ,ephesians v4 #ad1 & ! lett]s us$ are copi$ f ^? on ! beautiful ,l9coln%ire fifte5?-c5tury bells m5tion$ 9 ! previ\s *apt] 7p4 #cb74 ,b ! *ief ma/]piece ( rec5t f\nd+ is ,messrs4 ,taylor's 8,great ,paul0 at ,s4 ,paul's ,ca!dral1 :i* holds ! reputation ( ! l>ge/ bell 9 ,engl& 7,plate #ba74 ,x has1 h[ev]1 a rival 9 ! h\r-bell ( ! same ca!dral1 :i* has a m l5g?y hi/ory4 ,!re 0 once at ,we/m9/] a fam\s bell kn[n z 8,great ,tom10 :i* hung 9 a clock-t[] opposite ,we/m9/] ,t[n ,hall1 b 0 remov$ to ,s4 ,paul's at ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,?is bell 0 fam\s = its connection ) ! /ory told ( a s5t9el at ,w9dsor ,ca/le 9 ! reign ( ,william ,,iii1 :o 0 accus$ ( sleep+ at 8 po/4 ,he def5d$ himself by /at+ t he _h he>d ! ,we/m9/] bell /rike ?irte5 at midnight1 & ?is br\ght ab\t 8 acquittal4 ,?\gh ! tru? ( ! /ory has (t5 be5 d\bt$1 ! /rik+ ?irte5 is1 me*anically1 q possible4 ,x is said t ?is bell 0 orig9ally giv5 by ,edw>d ,,iii 9 hon\r ( ! ,confessor4 ,on ! way to ,s4 ,paul's x 0 crack$ by a fall1 & ev5tually x 0 reca/ by ,ri*>d ,phelps1 ( ,:ite*apel1 9 #agaf 7,plate #bb74 ,x n[ hangs 9 ! s\?-we/ t[]1 & is us$ = /rik+ ! h\r1 & = toll+ at ! dea? ( v>i\s great p]sonages4 ,its weight is #e tons #d cwt4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ad4 ,,/amps ,,us$ ,,by ,,london ,,f\nd]s4 ,ornam5tal ,cross us$ by ,h5ry ,jordan ( ,london 7#adfj74 ,) ! words 8ihu m]ci ladi help0 & trade m>k ( ,william ,culv]d5 ( ,london 7#aeaj-bj71 ) ! words 8,9 d'no co'fido0 & a rebus on 8 "n4 7,see pages #bi1 #ajf47 ,great ,paul is ! ma/]piece ( ,messrs4 ,taylor1 8"o ( ,l\ghbor\gh's glories10 says ,dr4 ,rav54 ,x hangs 9 ! same t[]1 bel[ ,phelps' bell1 & weighs #af tons #ad cwt41 ! diamet] at ! m\? be+ #i feet4 ,x 0 ca/ 9 #ahha1 & simply be>s ! f\nd]s' trade-m>k & ! words 7said to h be5 select$ by ,canon ,liddon7 f #a ,cor9?ians ix4 #af3 ,,vae ,,mihi ,,si ,,non ,,evangelisav]o 8,woe unto me if ,i prea* n ! ,gospel40 ,x is us$ = a few m9utes be=e ,sunday s]vices1 & at c]ta9 o!r times4 ,a description ( ,s4 ,paul's bells is h>dly complete )\t an allusion to ! great r+ ( twelve ca/ by ,taylor 9 #ahgg1 & plac$ 9 ! nor?-we/ t[]1 ! t5or weigh+ ov] #c tons4 ,!y 7 giv5 by ! ,city ,companies & ! late ,b>oness ,burdett-,c\tts4 ,9 addition !re are a 8s]vice bell10 ca/ 9 #agjj1 & two qu>t]-bells ( #agag = ! clock4 ,among o!r great ,london bells are ! r+ ( t5 at ! ,imp]ial ,in/itute1 ca/ by ,taylor 9 #ahhg1 & ! t5ors ( ! r+s at ,s\?w>k ,ca!dral1 ,s4 ,m>y-le-,b[1 ,s4 ,mi*ael1 ,cornhill1 ,s4 ,giles1 ,cripplegate1 & o!r fam\s t[]s2 ^? m5tion$ are all f r+s ( twelve1 & weigh #b tons or m4 ,! old campanile at ,we/m9/]1 built by ,edw>d ,,iii1 orig9ally conta9$ ?ree 8great bells02 x 0 pull$ d[n 9 #afih1 & we h foll[$ ! hi/ory ( "o ( ^! bells1 b ! o!rs disappe>$4 ,!y _h no successor until #ahef1 :5 ! late ,"l ,grim?orpe 7!n ,mr4 ,d5ison71 an en?usia/ = clocks & bells1 design$ a great bell = ! clock t[] ( ! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t4 ,x 0 call$ 8,big ,b510 ei!r aft] ,sir ,b5jam9 ,hall1 :o 0 !n ,fir/ ,commission] ( ,works1 or aft] a not$ box] ( ! "t nam$ ,b5jam9 ,bra94 ,its orig9al f\nd]s 7 ,messrs4 ,w>n] ( ,london1 b be+ s\nd$ 9 ,palace ,y>d ) a hamm]1 = ! amusem5t ( ! public be=e be+ hung1 x 0 v soon crack$4 ,9 #aheg a new bell 0 ca/ by ,george ,me>s ( ,:ite*apel1 f an improv$ design1 & conta9+ less metal4 ,its weight is giv5 at #ac tons4 ,%ortly aft] its ca/+ ,big ,b5 gave way1 b aft] be+ qu>t]-turn$1 c\ld be once m utiliz$ = /rik+ ! h\rs4 ,its tone1 h[ev]1 is any?+ b satisfactory1 & "o is =c$ to ! op9ion t ^! excessively l>ge bells1 v difficult to ca/ & awkw>d to manipulate1 are apt to prove great mi/akes4 ,,*imes ,sets ( *imes1 or arrangem5ts = play+ tunes on bells1 exi/$ 9 ,engl& ev5 9 m$iaeval days2 b !y are n[adays reg>d$ z a speciality ( ,belgium1 & ! fam\s c>illons ( ,antw]p1 ,bruges1 & ,me*l9 are well kn[n to _m a travell]4 ,b x is n our prov9ce to speak ( ^!1 & x may be ( "s int]e/ to see :at use has be5 made ( su* arrangem5ts 9 ,engl&4 ,dr4 ,rav51 9 8 fasc9at+ book1 ,! ,bells ( ,engl&1 tells u t ! ma*9]y ( ! c>illon 0 a recogniz$ ?+ 9 ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & quotes f ! w ( ,john ,b>et ( ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 :o di$ 9 #adfc1 & gave directions = ! play+ ( a ,requiem aet]num = 8 dirge at noon = ?irty days aft] 8 dea?1 & on ea* 8m9d-day10 or anniv]s>y1 to be cont9u$ dur+ ! octave4 ,! sexton 0 also to 8take he$ to ! *imes & w9d up ! pegs & ! plummets0 z requir$4 ,! music ( ?is ,requiem1 we are told1 only compass$ five notes1 & mu/ h be5 some:at we>isome to ! good p ( ,bury4 ,9 old *ur*w>d5s' acc\nts1 z at ,ludl[ or ,w>wick1 we f9d frequ5t ref]5ces to ! repair or upkeep ( ! *imes4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ae4 ,,bell ,,by ,,rob]t ,,mot ,,( ,,london 7#aege-afjj71 ,! fir/ own] ( ! ,:ite*apel ,f\ndry1 :]e x _h be5 = "s ye>s pres]v$1 b is n[ brok5 up4 7,see page #dj74 ,! pr9ciple ( ! c>illon is simil> to t ( a b>rel-organ or musical-box1 imply+ a b>rel or drum1 set ) pegs1 & set 9 motion by be+ connect$ ) ! me*anism ( ! clock4 ,! pegs1 z !y turn1 raise lev]s :i* pull wires 9 connection ) ! hamm]s :i* /rike on ! bells4 ,) ! ord9>y eight bells ( an ,engli% belfry x is obvi\s t only a limit$ *oice ( tunes )9 ! compass ( an octave is possible1 & t !y c only be play$ 9 "o key on s+le notes4 ,! ,belgian c>illons h sometimes =ty or fifty bells 9 communication ) a key-bo>d l t ( an organ1 & tunes c !re=e be play$ on !m 9 h>mony4 ,!re are a few c>illons ( ?is type 9 ,engl&1 ! be/ kn[n be+ at ,bo/on1 9 ,l9coln%ire1 & at ,catti/ock1 9 ,dorset1 b usually ! ord9>y bells are employ$1 z at ,worce/] ,ca!dral & 9 _m t[ns4 ,at ! ,re=mation *imes l>gely di$ out1 b ) ! ,re/oration !y reviv$1 & we he> ( !m at ,cambridge1 ,gran?am1 & else:]e4 ,ano!r k9d ( *ime :i* may "h be m5tion$ is t employ$ = /rik+ ! qu>t]s = ! clock4 ,"h1 ( c\rse1 no me*anism is requir$ beyond ! connect+-wire :i* raises ! hamm] & drops x on ! bell4 ,( su* *imes ! be/ kn[n are ! ,cambridge ,qu>t]s1 put up 9 ,great ,s4 ,m>y's ,*ur* 9 #agic4 ,!y 7 compos$ by ,dr4 ,j[ett1 ! ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,laws1 assi/$ by ! compos] ,crot*1 :o 0 !n only eighte54 ,! latt] is said to h adapt$ a movem5t 9 ! op5+ symphony ( ,h&el's 8,i "k t my ,r$eem] live?10 = ! purpose4 ,! practice sometimes adopt$ n[adays ( play+ hymn tunes on bells by means ( ropes ti$ to ! clapp]s is a mis]able sub/itute = ! me*anical contrivance4 ,x n only causes agonies to ! musical e> by ! unavoidable occurr5ce ( false notes1 b is only too likely to lead to ! de/ruction ( ! bells altoge!r1 z ! result ( ! 8clock+10 ( :i* ,i %all h m to say lat]4 ,,campaniles ,we h se5 t x is ! normal rule 9 ,engl& = bells to be plac$ 9 t[]s =m+ "p ( ! /ructure ( *ur*es2 or r x %\ld be said t t[]s = conta9+ ! bells 7 reg>d$ z an ess5tial feature 9 ! con/ruction ( a *ur* f ! ,saxon p]iod onw>ds4 ,ov] ! great] "p ( ! ,cont95t ! same also holds good2 b 9 ,italy we f9d deta*$ bell-t[]s1 or campaniles1 to be ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,! mo/ famili> examples 9 t c\ntry are ! campanile ( ,s4 ,m>k's at ,v5ice1 & t built by ,giotto at ,flor5ce4 ,!re are _m o!rs 9 ,nor!rn ,italy1 especially at ,bologna1 & at ,rav5na1 :]e ! *ur*es are ( great antiquity4#c ,illu/ration3 ,plate #af4 ,a ,,r+ ,,( ,,eight ,,bells4 ,rec5tly ca/ at ! ,:ite*apel ,f\ndry = ,uckfield1 ,sussex4 7,see page #da74 ,nor are su* campaniles altoge!r unkn[n 9 ,engl&4 ,9 m$iaeval times !y 7 atta*$ to sev]al ( our ca!dral *ur*es1 z1 = in/ance1 ,old ,s4 ,paul's1 ,*i*e/]1 ,salisbury1 & ,worce/]4 ,! bells ( ,old ,s4 ,paul's 7 traditionally gambl$ away by ,h5ry ,,viii 9 #aecd1 & ! campanile at ,worce/] did n survive ! ,re=mation2 b t at ,salisbury1 a mo/ picturesque /ructure1 ) a wood5 upp] /orey & spire1 0 wantonly de/roy$ 9 #aggg because ! bells 7 misus$6 ,t at ,*i*e/] alone rema9s1 a f9e ,p]p5dicul> erection1 at ! nor?-we/ angle ( ! ca!dral 7,plate #bd74 ,at ,k+'s ,college1 ,cambridge1 a noble peal ( five bells hung 9 a l[ wood5 belfry on ! nor? side ( ! *apel1 :i* 0 de/roy$ :5 ! bells 7 sold & melt$ d[n 9 #aged 7,plate #be74 ,deta*$ t[]s are n uncommon features ( our p>i% *ur*es 9 "s p>ts ( ,engl&1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,h]e=d%ire & ,norfolk4 ,! be/ examples are at ,b]keley1 ,gl\ce/]%ire2 ,l$bury1 ,h]e=d%ire2 ,we/ ,walton1 ,norfolk2 & ,beccles1 ,suffolk4 ,"s *ur*es1 aga91 c only boa/ wood5 deta*$ belfries ( mod]ate height to hold _! bells1 z at ,pembridge 9 ,h]e=d%ire1 ,brookl&s 9 ,k5t1 & ,ea/ ,b]gholt 9 ,suffolk 7,plate #bf74 ,! belfry at ! la/-nam$ place is no m ?an a m]e %$1 & m ?an "o /ory is told 9 explanation ( ! abs5ce ( a t[] to ! o!rwise impos+ *ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ag4 ,,! #i,,? ,,bell ,,( ,,l\ghbor\gh ,,p>i% ,,*ur*4 ,ca/ by ! ,taylors ( t t[n4 7,see page #da47 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,*ange-,r++ ,"o ( ! *ief uses made ( *ur* bells 9 mod]n times is n /rictly a religi\s use1 ?\gh x is m or less associat$ ) ! ,*ur*'s seasons1 p>ticul>ly ) ,sundays & ,*ri/mas ,day4 ,b x has always be5 recogniz$ t ! secul> use ( bells1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 is p]missible1 z w be fur!r se5 9 ! next *apt]4 ,*ange-r++ is1 z we h already not$1 an entirely mod]n introduction1 & is1 moreov]1 conf9$ to ,engl&4 ,9 pre-,re=mation days we he> ( guilds ( r+]s1 z1 = in/ance1 at ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,iii1 :]e ! bre?r5 ( ! guild appe> to h enjoy$ _! privileges s9ce ! "t ( ,edw>d ! ,confessor4 ,9 small] mona/ic or collegiate e/abli%m5ts cl]ics 9 m9or ord]s 7 (t5 entru/$ ) ! duty ( r++ ! bells1 z at ,tong1 9 ,%rop%ire 7cf4 ,plate #cj74 ,b ?is k9d ( r++ 0 9 no way sci5tific1 nor 7 ! fitt+s ( ! bells adapt$ = r++ 9 ! /rict mod]n s5se4 ,! accompany+ diagram 7,plate #bg2 comp>e also ,plate #bh71 %[+ ! way 9 :i* a mod]n bell is hung1 w s]ve to expla9 ! me?od n[ adopt$ = r++ prop]1 z oppos$ to *im+4 ,! head/ock1 or wood5 block to :i* ! top ( ! bell is firmly fix$ 7s t ! bell _c move indep5d5tly ( x71 revolves by means ( brass pivots1 kn[n z ! 8gudgeons10 9 a socket made 9 ! top ( ! framework4 ,"o ( ^! pivots =ms ! axle ( a l>ge wood5 :eel1 half ! circumf]5ce ( :i* has a groove = ! rope1 "o end ( :i* is fix$ 9 x1 ! o!r pass+ ?r\gh a pulley d[n into ! r++-*amb]4 ,9 m$iaeval times half-:eels only 7 us$1 b ! complete :eel seems to h be5 introduc$ by ! fifte5? c5tury1 & s+le bells 7 8rung0 9 ! sixte5?4 ,peal-r++1 z we "k x1 _c be trac$ be=e ! sev5te5?4 ,! ess5tial feature ( r++ 9 peal is t ! bell %all p]=m an almo/ complete revolution ea* "t ! rope is pull$1 />t+ f an inv]t$ position4 ,to prev5t its fall+ ov] aga9 at ! conclusion ( ! /roke1 a v]tical b> ( wood or iron1 kn[n z ! 8/ay10 is fix$ to ! side ( ! /ock1 :i* is *eck$ by a movable b> 9 ! l[] "p ( ! frame1 call$ ! 8slid]40 ,x is cle> t 9 ! c\rse ( ea* revolution ! clapp] w /rike ! side twice4 ,be=e ! inv5tion ( ! :eel1 ! bell 0 m]ely s\nd$ by means ( a lev] connect+ ! rope ) ! /ock1 z is /ill done 9 r++ small bells1 ei!r z 8t+-tangs10 or :5 hung 9 an op5 turret4 ,be=e ! peal c be />t$1 ! bells mu/ be rung up or 8rais$0 to ! inv]t$ position1 :i* ! r+] a*ieves by a s]ies ( /eady /rokes1 ea* pull increas+ 9 l5g? until x is balanc$2 at ! end ( ! peal ?is process is rev]s$4 ,:5 bells are m]ely *im$ !y are n 8rais$10 b ! rope is pull$ ea* "t suffici5tly to all[ "o /roke ( ! clapp]4 ,by means ( an +5i\s app>atus inv5t$ by ! late ,canon ,ellacombe1 ?is c n[ be done by "o man if necess>y1 ! muscul> ef=t requir$ be+ r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,b *ange-r++ is a real sci5ce1 & entails long & assidu\s practice & consid]able muscul> ex]tion4 ,x is1 9 fact1 "o ( ! be/ =ms ( physical ex]cise conceivable1 & mu/ h prov$ a gods5d 9 t respect to _m m5 ^: opportunities w\ld o!rwise be limit$4 ,its elem5t>y pr9ciple is1 ( c\rse1 t ! bells %\ld be rung 9 succession1 b 9 a v>y+ ord]4 ,! me?od 9 :i* ! succession v>ies is ! f\ndation ( ! v>i\s =ms kn[n vaguely to mo/ ( u z ,gr&sire ,triples1 ,treble ,bob-,major1 & s on4 ,!y are f\nd$ on a recogniz$ ari?metical basis1 t ( p]mutations1 or ! numb] ( arrangem5ts possible ( any giv5 numb] ( objects4 ,we "k t ?ree lett]s or numb]s c be arrang$ 9 six diff]5t ways3 #abc #acb #bca #bac #cab #cba ,?us1 on ?ree bells1 only six *anges c be rung s z to v>y ! ord] ea* "t1 & we mu/ !n beg9 ov] aga94 ,) f\r bells we h a *oice ( tw5ty-f\r *anges1 :i* might run z foll[s3 #abcd #cabd #dcba #dbac #bacd #acbd #dcab #dbca #bcad #acdb #dacb #bdca #bcda #cadb #adcb #bdac #cbda #cdab #adbc #badc #cbad #cdba #dabc #abdc ,?is me?od is kn[n z 8hunt+ ! treble up & d[n10 & 0 inv5t$ by ,fabian ,/$man1 a ,cambridge pr9t]1 :o pr9t$ 9 #affg ! e>lie/ treatise on *ange-r++4 ,if ! above table is c>efully obs]v$1 x w be se5 t ! fir/ bell1 or treble1 %ifts its place by "o ea* "t1 backw>ds or =w>ds1 :ile ! o!r ?ree only *ange six times 9 all2 9 o!r words1 if ! treble 0 omitt$ x w\ld be a peal ( six *anges on ?ree bells4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ah4 ,,! ,,t5or ,,bell ,,( ,,exet] ,,ca!dral1 ,,call$ 8,,gr&ison40 ,reca/ by ,taylor1 #aijb4 7,see page #dd47 ,:5 we come to r+s ( five1 six1 or eight bells1 ^! *anges are1 ( c\rse1 capable ( great] v>iety4 ,on five bells we may h #e times #bd1 or #abj *anges2 on six1 #f times #abj1 or #gbj2 on eight bells1 #dj1cbj2 & s on4 ,b 9 actual practice x is v r>e to h m ?an five or six ?\s& rung1 ev5 if !re are eight or m bells2 ab\t #a1fjj *anges c be rung 9 ! c\rse ( an h\r1 & two to ?ree h\rs' consecutive "w is z mu* z an ord9>y r+] is capable ( accompli%+4 ,! ess5tial feature ( ea* set ( *anges is to br+ ! bells r\nd to ! ord] 9 :i* !y />t$2 z !y w\ld naturally d 9 ! peal giv5 above4 ,! result ( ! introduction ( sy/ematic & organiz$ *ange-r++ 0 t companies or societies ( r+]s 7 v soon =m$4 ,s e>ly z #afjc we he> ( a company kn[n z ! 8,s*ol>s ( ,*eapside10 =m$ 9 ,london4 ,9 #afcg 0 f\nd$ a fam\s ,london ,society1 t ( ! 8,college ,y\?s10 probably a revival ( ! "o j nam$2 its "n is d]iv$ f "s connection ) ,sir ,ri*>d ,:itt+ton's ,college ( ! ,holy ,gho/1 ne> ,cannon ,/reet4 ,x 0 to !m t ,/$man d$icat$ 8 ,t9t9nalogia1 ! "w already m5tion$4 ,!re is /ill an en]getic 8,anci5t ,society ( ,college ,y\?s10 b x is n c]ta9 :e!r x c trace an actual desc5t f ! old] society4 ,ano!r well-kn[n r++ society is t ( ! 8,cumb]l& ,y\?s10 orig9ally 8,london ,s*ol>s10 :o *ang$ _! "n 9 #agdf 9 complim5t to ! victor ( ,cullod54 ,be=e leav+ ! subject1 may ,i v5ture "h a prote/ aga9/ ! absurdities p]petrat$ by ! arti/s ( ,*ri/mas c>ds & illu/rat$ magaz9es1 9 ! attempt to r5d] ! =m ( a bell & ! me?od 9 :i* x is rung8 ,x is c]ta9 t few c ev] h visit$ ei!r belfry or r++-*amb]6 ,plate #bi gives a m tru?ful r5d]+ ( ! me?od ( r++4 ,x may be fairly claim$ z "o ( ! f>-rea*+ effects ( ! ,*ur* ,revival t ! conditions ( our belfries & ! conduct ( our r+]s w comp>e v fav\rably ) :at x 0 "s =ty or fifty ye>s ago4 ,:]e ! m accessible portions ( ! fabric 7 giv5 ov] to dirt & neglect1 & slov5l9ess 0 ! *ief feature ( all ord9>y =ms ( wor%ip1 x 0 h>dly surpris+ t ! t[]s & _! int]nal arrangem5ts 7 neglect$1 & frequ5tly giv5 ov] to m secul> uses4 ,nor 0 ?is m]ely a result ( ! g5]al laxity & indiff]5ce ( ! 8dead0 p]iod 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,!re are n want+ signs t 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ! /&>d ( discipl9e among r+]s 0 n high4 ,we may recall h[ ,john ,bunyan1 at "o "t an en?usia/ic memb] ( ! r++ company ( ,el/[1 0 con/ra9$ to ab&on ! pursuit1 along ) o!r enjoym5ts1 z n t5d+ to edification4 ,t conviviality reign$ 9 ! belfry 9 ^? days is %[n by ! use ( r+]s' jugs1 "s ( :i* /ill exi/1 9 :i* l>ge quantities ( be] 7 provid$1 & by ! frequ5t entries 9 p>i% acc\nts ( money sp5t on be] = ! r+]s4 ,"o ( ! bells at ,walsgrave1 9 ,w>wick%ire 7dat$ #agjb7 has ! inscription3 8,h>k d y he>8 ,our clapp]s want be]10 evid5tly int5d$ = a g5tle h9t t ! r+]s suff]$ f ?ir/6 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ai4 8,,great ,,john ,,( ,,bev]ley40 ,a f\rte5?-c5tury bell reca/ by ,taylor1 ) old lett]+ reproduc$4 7,see pages #di1 #aaf1 #aee47 ,at ! same "t !re 0 a feel+ t ! actual r++ %\ld be prop]ly c>ri$ out1 :i* f9ds v5t 9 ! num]\s 8,r+]s' ,rules10 mo/ly dat+ f ! eighte5? c5tury1 :i* may be se5 pa9t$ up on ! walls ( our belfries4 ,!y all foll[ v mu* on "o patt]n1 & "o ( ! be/ v]sions is at ,tong1 9 ,%rop%ire1 :i* may be giv5 z an example-- 8,if t to ,r+ y doe come "h ,y mu/ r+ well ) h& & e>e4 ,keep /roak ( "t & goe n out2 ,or else y =feit out ( d\bt4 ,our law is s conclud$ "h ,= e fault a jugg ( be]4 ,if t y ,r+ ) ,spurr or ,hat ,a jugg ( be] mu/ pay = t4 ,if t y take a ,rope 9 h&1 ,^! =feits y mu/ und]/&4 ,or if t y a ,bell ou'r-?r[ ,x mu/ co/ ,sixp5ce e're y goe4 ,if 9 ?is place y swe>e or curse1 ,sixp5ce to pay1 pull out y\r purse3 ,come pay ! ,cl]k1 x is 8 fee2 ,= "o t ,swe>s %all n goe free4 ,^! laws are ,old1 & are n new2 ,!re=e ! ,cl]k mu/ h 8 due40 ,,geo4 ,,h>rison1 #afid4 ,x is satisfactory to note t ! rule aga9/ swe>+ 0 v g5]ally includ$1 ?\gh possibly hon\r$ m 9 ! brea* ?an ! obs]vance2 b x is probable t ! objection to we>+ a hat 0 m on ! gr\nds ( inconv5i5ce to ! r+]s ?an ( irrev]5ce4 ,z late z #aheg1 ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,c4 ,lukis1 "o ( ! e>lie/ writ]s on *ur* bells1 compla9$ ( 8 own c\nty1 ,wilt%ire1 t 8!re are sets ( m5 :o r+ = :at !y c get1 :i* !y consume 9 dr9k2 b !re is v little love = ! sci5ce or its music2 & alas6 mu* irrev]5ce & pr(anation ( ! ,h\se ( ,,god4 ,!re is no #8pluck+ at ! bells' = recreation & ex]cise4 ,*ur*-r+]s ) u h deg5]at$ into m]c5>y p]=m]s4 ,9 m ?an "o p>i% :]e !re are beautiful bells1 ,i 0 told t ! village y\?s took no int]e/ :atev] 9 bell-r++1 & _h no desire to ent] ^u *ange-r++40 ,al?\gh less money is available n[adays = paym5ts to r+]s on special occasions1 x may be fe>$ t ^! rem>ks /ill hold good to "s ext5t4 ,b 9 o!r respects !re is und\bt$ improvem5t4 ,we d n n[ he> ( 8prize-r++10 or r++ 9 celebration ( a victory 9 ! ,d]by or 9 a p>liam5t>y election1 & if our r++-*amb]s d n always rea* a high /&>d ( dec5cy1 !re is a m>k$ improvem5t 9 ! "* & behavi\r ( ! r+]s !mselves4 ,,*apt] ,v ,uses & ,cu/oms ( ,bells ,an old monki% rhyme sums up ! anci5t uses ( bells z foll[s3-- 8,laudo ,deum v]um1 plebem voco1 congrego cl]um2 ,defunctos ploro1 pe/em fugo1 fe/a decoro2 ,fun]a plango1 fulgura frango1 sabbata pango2 ,excito l5tos1 dissipo v5tos1 paco cru5tos03 :i* may be r5d]$ 9 ,engli%3-- 8,i praise ! true ,god1 ,i call ! p1 ,i assemble ! cl]gy2 ,i m\rn ! dep>t$1 ,i put to flight pe/il5ce1 ,i hon\r fe/ivals2 ,i knoll = burials1 ,i break ! p[] ( ! lightn+1 ,i m>k ! sabba?s2 ,i r\se ! slugg>d1 ,i disp]se ! w9ds1 ,i calm ! blood?ir/y40 ,^! l9es w be famili> to read]s ( ,longfell['s ,gold5 ,leg5d2 b "s ( ! uses m5tion$ belong to a "t :5 bells 7 ?\ght to h a magic p[] ov] ! =ces ( nature1 & a category ( mod]n uses embraces _m o!rs "h ignor$4 ,! mod]n uses ( bells naturally fall into two ma9 divisions--religi\s & secul>1 or quasi-religi\s uses4 ,by ! =m] ,i mean ! r++ ( bells = div9e s]vice1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 = ! fe/ivals ( ! ,*ur*1 & _! use at w$d+s1 fun]als1 & o!r ev5ts ( life ) :i* ! ,*ur* is naturally conc]n$4 ,o!r uses1 aga91 ?\gh n[ purely secul>1 _h once a religi\s mean+1 su* z ! ,curfew & ,pancake bells4 ,m secul> uses are ^? ( ! ,glean+ bell & ! ,fire bell1 ( bells rung = local meet+s or fe/ivities1 or 9 commemoration ( national ev5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bj4 ,,! ,,great ,,bell ,,( ,,tong ,,*ur*1 ,,%rop%ire4 ,reca/ by ,taylor1 #ahib4 7,see page #di47 ,! only allusion to bells 9 our ,pray] ,book is 9 ! ,preface1 :i* directs t ! m9i/] 8%all cause a bell to be toll$ !reunto a conv5i5t "t be=e he beg91 t ! p may come to he> ,,god',s ,^w1 & to pray ) him40 ,?is 01 ( c\rse1 ! orig9al purpose = :i* bells 7 appli$ to an ecclesia/ical use1 & by virtue ( :i* !y are reckon$ among ! 8,ornam5ts ( ! ,*ur*40 ,x is1 !re=e1 ! rule t e place ( wor%ip )9 ! realm ( ! ,*ur* %\ld h at lea/ "o bell1 & 9 ,engl& at any rate !re are n m ?an half a doz5 p>i%es :]e ! rule is ignor$4 ,! fifte5? ,canon simil>ly enjo9s ! r++ ( a bell on ,w$nesdays & ,fridays = ! ,litany4 ,me?ods ( r++ ! bells = s]vice dep5d l>gely on ! numb] ( bells available & ! possibility ( collect+ r+]s toge!r2 & ! r++ ( peals at ^! times is comp>atively r>e4 ,ord9>ily1 :]e !re are m ?an two1 ! bells are *im$ = p]iods v>y+ f t5 m9utes to half an h\r on ,sundays1 :ile on week-days a s+le bell p]=ce suffices1 toll$ haply by ! p>son himself4 ,9 _m places x is ! cu/om to toll ! l>ge/ bell = ! la/ few m9utes be=e s]vice beg9s2 ?is is kn[n z ! 8,s]mon ,bell10 & 0 orig9ally meant to indicate t a s]mon w\ld be prea*$4 ,or ! smalle/ bell is rung hurri$ly1 z if to w>n lagg>ds1 & ?is is call$ ! 8t+-tang10 8prie/'s10 or 8p>son's0 bell4 ,"s ( ^! little bells be> ! appropriate inscription1 8,come away make no delay40 ,! use ( a s]mon bell is said to date f be=e ! ,re=mation4 ,9 _m p>i%es x us$ to be an inv>iable cu/om to r+ a s+le bell1 or *ime sev]al1 at eight o'clock on ,sunday morn+2 ?is1 h[ev]1 has lo/ its orig9al significance s9ce ! g5]al introduction ( e>ly ,celebrations4 ,9 =m] times ! regul> h\r = ,matt9s 0 at eight1 foll[$ by ,mass at ! canonical h\r ( n9e1 & ?\gh su* an arrangem5t ( s]vices soon came to an end aft] ! ,re=mation1 ! bells :i* us$ to ann\nce !m 7 cont9u$ ev5 d[n to ! pres5t day4 ,!re are /ill n a few p>i%es :]e a bell is rung at n9e z well z at eight1 ev5 :5 !re are no e>ly s]vices4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ba4 8,,great ,,paul40 ,ca/ by ,taylor1 #ahha4 ,n[ hang+ 9 ! s\?-we/ t[] ( ,s4 ,paul's ,ca!dral4 7,see page #eb47 ,9 pre-,re=mation days mo/ *ur*es possess$1 besides ! regul> 8r+10 sev]al small] bells1 :i* are describ$ 9 inv5tories z 8saunce0 or 8sanctus0 bells1 8sacr+ bells10 & s on4 ,_! uses are sometimes confus$ n[adays1 b 7 cle>ly def9$4 ,! sanctus bell1 or saunce1 usually hung 9 a turret or cot on ! gable ov] ! *ancel ar*1 & 0 int5d$ to ann\nce ! progress ( ! s]vice to ^? outside :o c\ld n come to *ur*4 ,x 0 rung at t po9t 9 ! ,s>um or ,engli% rites ( ! ,eu*>i/ :5 ! s++ ( ! ,sanctus or 8,holy1 ,holy1 ,holy10 j be=e ! ,canon ( ! ,mass1 0 rea*$2 :5ce its "n4 ,! sacr+-bell1 on ! o!r h&1 0 mu* small]1 & hung inside ! *ur*1 usually on ! rood-scre54 ,x 0 rung at ! end ( ! ,consecration ,pray]1 or 8pray] ( sacr+0 7,plate #cj71 & ann\nc$ ! completion ( ! act ( sacrifice4 ,! ,re=m]s made a dead set aga9/ ^! practices1 b x is difficult to see t mu* sup]/ition 0 involv$ !re91 & ! revival 9 mod]n days ( ! 8sacr+ bell0 9 ! =m ( a few /rokes at ! "t ( ! consecration has m to recomm5d ?an to condemn x4 ,a few sacr+ bells /ill exi/1 hang+ on rood-scre5s1 9 ,ea/ ,anglian *ur*es1 z at ,salh\se & ,sc>n+ 7,plate #ca71 & "o at ,yelv]ton1 9 ,norfolk1 has j be5 re/or$ to its old position4 ,anci5t sanctus bells are m num]\s1 & a few /ill hang 9 _! orig9al cots1 z at ,wr+ton1 9 ,som]set1 & ,idbury1 9 ,ox=d%ire 7,plate #cb74 ,!y h mo/ly be5 fix$ 9 ! t[]s & us$ z 8t+-tangs40 ,! majority h no inscription on !m1 b !re are notable exceptions 9 "s ( ! ,midl& c\nties4 ,! only o!r 8,sunday use0 to :i* ,i h to draw att5tion is ! r++ ( a bell aft] s]vices4 ,?is is1 or 01 sometimes done ) ! object ( notify+ a s]vice 9 ! aft]noon2 b x is kn[n 9 "s places1 z at ,mi/ley1 9 ,essex1 z ! 8,pudd+ ,bell10 x be+ suppos$ t x 0 int5d$ to w>n h\sewives to get ready ! ,sunday d9n]6 ,"s writ]s h ?\ght t ?is midday bell is really a survival ( ! midday ,angelus1 or ,ave bell2 b x is m likely to date f ! bad times ( non-resid5ce & irregul> s]vices4 ,! r++ ( bells on fe/ivals is m p>ticul>ly associat$ ) ,*ri/mas & ! ,new ,ye>1 ?\gh ! latt] is a secul> r ?an a religi\s occasion4 ,! ,*ri/mas bells h be5 a fav\rite !me ) poets1 great & small1 & ! be/-kn[n l9es on ! subject are 9 ,t5nyson's ,9 ,memoriam1 said to h be5 compos$ by him on he>+ ! bells ( ,wal?am ,abbey1 9 ,essex 7,plate #cc74 8,! "t draws ne> ! bir? ( ,,*ri/2 ,! moon is hid2 ! night is /ill2 ,! ,*ri/mas bells f hill to hill ,answ] ea* o!r 9 ! mi/40 ,& aga93 8,! "t draws ne> ! bir? ( ,,*ri/2 ,! moon is hid1 ! night is /ill2 ,a s+le *ur* bel[ ! hill ,is peal+1 fold$ 9 ! mi/40 ,! m fam\s /anzas1 beg9n+3 8,r+ out1 wild bells1 to ! wild sky1 ,! fly+ cl\d1 ! fro/y light3 ,! ye> is dy+ 9 ! night2 ,r+ out1 wild bells & let him die4 ,r+ out ! old1 r+ 9 ! new1 ,r+1 happy bells1 across ! sn[2 ,! ye> is go+1 let him g2 ,r+ out ! false1 r+ 9 ! true10 ref] r to ,new ,ye>'s ,eve4 ,on ,new ,ye>'s ,eve ! old ye> is rung out & ! new ye> 91 9 _m p>i%es4 ,sometimes "o bell only is toll$ until ! clock /rikes twelve1 9 o!r cases ! bells are rung muffl$1 i4e41 ) ! clapp]s wrapp$ r\nd to dead5 ! s\nd1 ^! be+ uncov]$ at midnight1 :5 a m]ry 8op50 peal bur/s =?4 ,ei!r practice is to be pref]r$ to t ( r++ consecutively be=e & aft] ! h\r1 :i* obscures ! significance ( ! p]=mance4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bb4 ,,! ,,old 8,,great ,,tom0 ,,( ,,we/m9/]4 ,reca/ by ,philip ,wightman 9 #afih4 ,f an old draw+1 made be=e its reca/+ by ,phelps 9 #agaf4 7,see page #ec47 ,a muffl$ peal is sometimes rung on ! ,holy ,innoc5ts' ,day1 a cu/om said to be kept up /ill 9 ,h]e=d%ire2 & 9 addition to ! ,great] ,fe/ivals1 ! ,epiphany1 ,all ,sa9ts' ,day1 ,s4 ,&rew's ,day1 & ,s4 ,?omas's ,day1 h be5 or are /ill specially hon\r$4 ,r++ on ! la/-nam$ occasion1 :i* is kept up 9 sev]al ,w>wick%ire p>i%es1 appe>s to be associat$ ) ! di/ribution ( local *>ities4 ,b r++ on 8sup]/iti\s0 occasions1 n m5tion$ 9 ! ,book ( ,common ,pray]1 is =bidd5 by ! #hh? ,canon4 ,ano!r day ( ! ,*ur*'s ye> ) :i* bell-r++ is associat$ is ,%rove ,tuesday1 on :i* day ! ,pancake bell is rung 9 "s places at elev5 o'clock4 ,two bells are g5]ally us$1 ! s\nd ( :i* is suppos$ to resemble ! ^w 8pancake40 ,! orig9 ( ! cu/om is to be f\nd 9 ! call+ ( ! fai?ful to confess _! s9s & be 8%riv50 at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,l5t5 fa/4 ,t pancakes 7 associat$ ) ?is day is due to ! fact t butt] 0 =bidd5 dur+ ! :ole ( ,l5t4 ,x 0 always ! ,*ur*'s rule t ! bells %\ld be sil5t dur+ t season--at lea/ t !re %\ld be no peal-r++ 9 ,l5t1 & no bells us$ at all dur+ ,holy ,week2 & ?is is n[ g5]ally obs]v$4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bc4 ,,! ,,belfry ,,( ,,bruges4 7,see page #fb47 ,except 9 ! case ( royalty we seldom n[ he> ( bells be+ rung to u%] mank9d into ! _w2 b !y h always be5 associat$ ) ! rejoic+s ( a w$d+ c]emony1 & 9 "s p>ts1 z 9 ,l9coln%ire1 are ev5 rung at ! putt+ up ( ,banns4 ,b _! use at ! "t ( dea? is ev5 m univ]sal4 ,! pass+ bell orig9ally s\nd$ z a summons to ! fai?ful to pray = a s\l j pass+ out ( ! _w2 b x has n[ deg5]at$ into a m]e notice t dea? has tak5 place1 & z x is rung 7to suit ! sexton's conv5i5ce7 "s h\rs aft] dea?1 or ev5 on ! foll[+ day1 ! "n has ceas$ to be appropriate4 ,x appe>s to be "o ( ! olde/ ( all uses ( bells1 & is said to h be5 rung = ,s4 ,hilda1 ( ,:itby1 9 #fhj4 ,unlike mo/ o!r cu/oms x receiv$ ! /rong approval ( ! mo/ ard5t re=m]s1 & 9 ! *ur*w>d5s' acc\nts ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies !re are (t5 long li/s giv5 e ye> ( money receiv$ f p>i%ion]s 8= ! ,knell40 ,! sum paid 0 usually f\rp5ce4 ,! #fg? ,canon directs t ! pass+ bell %all be toll$1 8& ! m9i/] %all n !n slack to d 8 la/ duty40 ,:5 ! ,knell is rung1 x is a frequ5t practice to indicate ! age or sex ( ! deceas$4 ,! =m] is done by toll+ a numb] ( /rokes answ]+ to ! ye>s ( 8 or h] life1 or m vaguely by us+ ! l>ge/ bell = an adult & a small] = a *ild4 ,sex is sometimes simil>ly indicat$1 b m usually by :at are kn[n z 8tell]s10 a v>y+ numb] ( /rokes = male or female1 & sometimes also = a *ild4 ,! commone/ =m is ?ree times ?ree = male1 ?ree times two = female2 & sometimes ?ree times s+ly = a *ild2 b "s p>i%es keep up curi\s v>iations ( ?is rule4 ,! old say+ 8n9e tailors make a man0 is really 8n9e tell]s10 or ?ree times ?ree4 ,! knell ) ! tell]s is sometimes repeat$ at fun]als1 b m frequ5tly ! t5or bell is toll$ at int]vals ( a m9ute1 becom+ m rapid :5 ! corpse appe>s 9 sight4 ,9 "s c\ntry di/ricts ! bells are or us$ to be *im$ at ?is "t1 & 9 ,%rop%ire ?is is kn[n z ! 8joy-bells10 or 8r++ ! dead home40 ,9 old5 days a h&-bell or 8ly*-bell0 0 rung be=e ! corpse on its way2 ?is is /ill done at ,ox=d at ! fun]al ( any ,univ]sity (ficial4 ,bells 7 l>gely us$ 9 m$iaeval times to m>k ! h\rs ( ! day1 ev5 be=e ! introduction ( clocks4 ,9 ! mona/ic e/abli%m5ts !y 7 naturally rung at ! canonical h\rs ( twelve1 ?ree1 six1 & n9e1 = ! s]vices ( ,matt9s1 ,lauds1 ,prime1 ,ti]ce1 ,sext1 ,none1 ,vesp]s1 & ,compl9e4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ?is is ! reason :y *imes are usually play$ at ^! h\rs1 :]e !re are c>illons4 ,b "o ( ! be/ kn[n uses ( bells = ?is purpose is ! ,curfew1 :i* 0 (t5 accompani$ by a correspond+ bell 9 ! e>ly morn+4 ,we h usually be5 taught t ! ,curfew or 8cov]-fire0 0 a tyrannical & unpopul> enactm5t by ,william ! ,conqu]or1 & !re=e a purely legal & secul> in/itution4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 evid5ce t x 0 9 use long be=e at ,ox=d1 :]e ,k+ ,alfr$ direct$ t x %\ld be rung e ev5+ 7z x is /ill72 & ,william probably only made use ( an exi/+ cu/om = ! b5efic5t purpose ( gu>d+ aga9/ fires4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bd4 ,photo by ,j4 ,val5t9e 4 ,sons4 ,,! ,,campanile ,,or ,,bell-,,t[] ,,( ,,*i*e/] ,,ca!dral4 7,see page #fd47 ,b x has also be5 sugge/$ t ! ,curfew 0 9 its orig9 a bell ) a religi\s z well z a secul> significance1 namely ! ,ave bell1 or ,angelus1 :i* 0 rung 9 ! e>ly morn+ & ! ev5+1 usually at #i a4m4 & #e4cj p4m41 & also at midday1 & at ! s\nd ( :i* e "o 0 expect$ to repeat ! memorial ( ! ,inc>nation or 8,hail ,m>y40 ,"s h ?\ght t bells d$icat$ to ! angel ,gabriel 7 specially devot$ to su* a purpose2 b ?is is d\btful1 ?\gh ! old ,curfew bell at ,s4 ,albans /ill be>s su* a d$ication4 ,at ,mexbor\gh1 9 ,york%ire1 a bell is rung morn+1 noon1 & ev5+1 obvi\sly a survival ( ! ,angelus bell4 ,! ,curfew bell seems to h appeal$ especially to poets1 ev5 to ! ,am]ican ,longfell[1 & ! puritan ,milton1 :o 9 ,il ,p5s]oso says3 8,(t on a plat ( ris+ gr\nd ,i he> ! f>-(f ,curfew s\nd ,ov] "s wide-wat]$ %ore ,sw++ sl[ ) sull5 ro>40 ,comp>e ! op5+ l9e ( ,gray's ,elegy3 8,! curfew tolls ! knell ( p>t+ day40 ,! morn+ bell1 :e!r an ,ave bell or n1 is seldom n[ rung1 b may be he>d at #e a4m4 at ,ludl[1 & at ,nuneaton & ,cole%ill 9 ,w>wick%ire4 ,"o ( ! old bells ( ,s4 ,mi*ael's1 ,cov5try1 n[ at ,s4 ,john's ,*ur* 9 t t[n1 has ! inscription3 8,i r+ at six to let m5 "k ,:5 to & f _! "w to g4 #afge40 ,! ,curfew bell1 ?\gh alas6 gr[+ rapidly r>]1 may be he>d at #i p4m4 all ! ye> r\nd 9 our two ,univ]sity t[ns2 & is also rung at eight at ,ludl[1 ,p]%ore1 ,%rewsbury1 & 9 ,w>wick%ire4 ,b x is n[ usually conf9$ to ! w9t] mon?s1 f ,mi*aelmas to ,lady ,day1 or an ev5 %ort] p]iod4 ,9 "s places ! day ( ! mon? is toll$ aft]w>ds1 z at ,cambridge2 at ,ox=d #aja /rokes are giv51 repres5t+ ! numb] ( p]sons on ! f\ndation ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*4 ,( purely secul> uses ( bells space =bids me to say mu*4 ,! ,glean+ bell us$ to be rung 9 _m p>i%es dur+ h>ve/1 morn+ & ev5+1 to signify to ! p :5 glean+ 0 all[$4 ,) ! decay ( agriculture 9 ,engl& ?is use has almo/ di$ out1 especially 9 ! midl&s1 b x is /ill kept up 9 corn-gr[+ p>ts1 z 9 ! nor? ( ,essex4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #be4 ,,! ,,old ,,campanile ,,( ,,k+',s ,,college1 ,,cambridge4 ,de/roy$ 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,x conta9$ five l>ge bells4 7,see page #fd47 ,r++ has always be5 cu/om>y--at lea/ s9ce ! ,re=mation--on secul> anniv]s>ies1 su* z ! bir?day or ,coronation ,day ( ! ,sov]eign1 or on ! occasion ( great victories4 ,x 0 also v common at "o "t on ,re/oration ,day 7,may #bi?71 & ,gunp[d] ,plot ,day 7,novemb] #e?71 b--p]haps s9ce _! removal f our ,pray] ,book--^! occasions are becom+ m & m ignor$4 ,r++ on ,novemb] #e? is1 h[ev]1 /ill common 9 ,w>wick%ire4 ,ano!r day on :i* r++ 0 (t5 practis$ 0 t ( ! p>i% fea/1 usually correspond+ ) ! patronal fe/ival1 or day on :i* ! orig9al d$ication ( ! *ur* 0 hon\r$4 ,x is or has be5 a tradition 9 "s places t 9 cases ( fire ! *ur* bells %\ld be rung backw>ds2 & else:]e a bell 0 specially devot$ to ?is purpose4 ,at ,s4 ,m>y's1 ,w>wick1 !re is a small fire bell dat$ #afgj1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is n n[ hung2 & !re is a well-kn[n "o at ,%]borne1 9 ,dorset1 dat$ #afec1 ) ! inscription3 8,,"l1 qu5* ! furi\s flame2 ,arise1 run1 help1 put out ! same40 ,! l>ge & small bells ( ! ,guild ,*apel1 ,/rat=d-on-,avon1 are also int5d$ to be rung 9 cases ( fire4 ,! r++ ( daily bells1 especially at night1 is (t5 acc\nt$ = by /ories ( p :o f\nd _! way :5 lo/1 or 7 deliv]$ f nocturnal dang]s1 by he>+ ! bell ( "s *ur*4 ,in/ances ( ?is are scatt]$ all ov] ! c\ntry1 & !re are ! ,a%burnham bell at ,*elsea1 ! great bell ( ,tong 9 ,%rop%ire1 & o!rs :i* 7 orig9ally giv5 9 commemoration ( su* ev5ts1 ) ! object ( keep+ up ! r++ = ! b5efit ( o!r w&]]s4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,! ,decoration ( ,bells & _! ,inscriptions ,mo/ ( u are probably aw>e t x is usual = bells to be> inscriptions1 be x only ! date or "n ( ! mak]2 b few :o h n actually exam9$ bells = !mselves may h discov]$ t !y are (t5 ri*ly or effectively decorat$4 ,we d n z a rule f9d !m z highly ornam5t$ z =eign bells1 :i* (t5 h e available space cov]$ ) inscriptions1 figures & devices1 or bord]s ( ornam5t2 b to "s ! great] sob]ness ( ! ,engli% me?od may seem pref]able4 ,nor is ?is practice ( ornam5t+ bells conf9$ to ! m arti/ic age be=e ! ,re=mation4 ,"s ( our mo/ ri*ly decorat$ bells belong to ! sev5te5? c5tury or ev5 lat] 7see ,plate #ch72 & x is only ! "* ( ! ornam5tation :i* is *ang$4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bf4 ,,! 8,,bell ,,h\se0 ,,9 ,,! ,,*ur*y>d ,,at ,,ea/ ,,b]gholt1 ,,suffolk4 7,see page #fd47 ,9 po9t ( fact ! e>lie/ bells are usually ! pla9e/1 & ! m$iaeval craftsman cont5t$ himself ) devot+ 8 skill to produc+ elegant & arti/ic lett]+1 beautiful initial crosses1 or +5i\s f\ndry m>ks 7,plates #ad1 #cf74 ,! latt] 7 introduc$ ab\t ! end ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 :51 z we h se5 9 an e>li] *apt]1 ! guild ( brazi]s or 8belleyet]es0 7 m regul>ly organiz$4 ,^? us$ by ,h5ry ,jordan 7see page #bi7 are good examples2 z are ! %ields ( ! ,bury & ,norwi* f\ndries 7page #cj74 ,9 ! ,we/ & ,nor? ( ,engl& su* devices are r>]2 b badges1 su* z ! ,bri/ol %ip1 or ! ,worce/] 8,royal ,heads10 take _! place4 ,"o or two ( ! ,london f\nd]s use ! symbols ( ! f\r ,evangeli/s 7,plate #cd74 ,a fav\rite device is ! m]*ant's m>k1 a k9d ( monogram1 or ! rebus1 a pictorial pun on ! f\nd]'s "n4 ,john ,tonne1 :o work$ 9 ,sussex & ,essex ab\t #aebj-aedj1 decorat$ 8 bells 9 ! ,fr5* fa%ion1 ) l>ge florid crosses1 bu/s & figures1 & o!r devices 7,plate #ce74 ,initial crosses are almo/ inv>iably f\nd on m$iaeval bells1 & _! v>iety is endless1 f ! pla9e/ =m ( ,greek cross to ! elaborate specim5 %[n on ,plate #cf1 :i* is f\nd 9 ! ,midl& c\nties4 ,! words 7 frequ5tly divid$ by /ops1 v>y+ f a simple r[ ( ?ree dots to su* devices z a :eel1 a rosette1 or an ornam5t$ oblong panel4 ,impressions f co9s press$ into ! m\ld are by no means uncommon4 ,b (t5 ! *ief or sole beauty ( a m$iaeval bell is its lett]+4 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury ?is is inv>iably compos$ ( capital lett]s ?r\gh\t1 ( ! ornam5tal =m kn[n z ,go?ic or ,lomb>dic 7,plate #cf74 ,t[>ds ! end ( t c5tury ! black-lett] text us$ 9 manuscripts 0 introduc$ into o!r bran*es ( art1 su* z brasses1 & ?us also makes its appe>ance on bells4 ,b ! initial lett] ( ea* ^w is /ill execut$ 9 ! old ,go?ic capitals1 & su* inscriptions are kn[n z 8,mix$ ,go?ic0 7,plate #cg71 lat] ones ( ! sixte5? c5tury be+ m /rictly /yl$ 8black-lett]10 :]e no capitals are us$4 ,! *ange1 h[ev]1 0 n univ]sal1 & _m ( ! f\ndries 9 ! ,we/ & ,nor? ( ,engl& pref]r$ to adh]e to ! capitals d[n to ! ,re=mation2 :ile ev5 9 ,london1 z at ,leice/]1 ,read+1 & else:]e1 !re 0 a di/9ct revival ( inscriptions 9 capitals dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bg4 ,diagram %[+ me?od ( hang+ a bell = r++ 7see page #fh74 ,a4 ,:eel ) rope atta*$4 ,b4 ,head/ock4 ,,cc4 ,/raps or ,keys4 ,d4 ,cannons 7mod]n =m74 ,e4 ,/ay4 ,,ff4 ,gudgeons4 ,g4 ,brasses 79 :i* ! gudgeons revolve74 ,h4 ,slid]4 ,! reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe? is usually reg>d$ z a p]iod ( transition1 & !re 01 be=e ! g5]al introduction ( mod]n ,roman lett]+1 a "t :5 no g5]al rule 0 obs]v$4 ,"s f\nd]s us$ ,go?ic capitals2 o!rs black-lett]2 o!rs aga91 nondescript ornate capitals difficult to classify2 :ile ! ,roman lett]+1 introduc$ ab\t #aefj-gj1 gradually ou/$ all ! old] /yles f fav\r1 & ) v few exceptions became g5]al ab\t #afbj4 ,! use ( old] lett]+ & /amps by _m f\nd]s dur+ ?is 8transition0 p]iod is notewor?y4 ,! ,leice/] f\nd]s 7 especially addict$ to ?is practice1 & among o!r old /amps b\ght up ! beautiful lett]+ & ornam5ts us$ by ! ,brasy]s1 ( ,norwi*1 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,h5ry ,oldfield ( ,nott+ham 7#aehj-afbj71 & ,rob]t ,mot ( ,london 7#aege-afjh71 may also be m5tion$ "u ?is head4 ,i h said t sev5te5? c5tury bells 7 (t5 v ri*ly decorat$2 & ! ornam5tal runn+ bord]s or elaborate arabesque patt]ns :i* sep>ate ! words ( ! inscriptions or surr\nd ! upp] & l[] edges ( ! bells1 surpass 9 t respect any?+ attempt$ 9 m$iaeval times 7,plate #ch74 ,?omas ,hancox ( ,walsall 7#afbj-afdj7 adorn$ 8 bells ) reproductions ( m$iaeval seals2 & z late z ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury ! ,cors ( ,aldb\rne1 9 ,wilt%ire1 b\ght up a lot ( pieces ( old brass ornam5ts f :i* !y us$ to decorate _! bells4 ,at ,malmesbury & ,tisbury 9 t c\nty !y h left bells cov]$ ) figures ( *]ubs1 coats ( arms & monograms1 a m$allion ( ! ,adoration ( ! ,wise ,m51 & o!r curi\s ornam5ts4 ,mo/ ( ^! f\nd]s1 su* z ,john ,m>t9 ( ,worce/]1 ,oldfield ( ,nott+ham1 & ,clibury ( ,well+ton1 us$ trade-m>ks ) _! initials1 & a bell or o!r device4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bh4 ,,peal ,,( ,,eight ,,bells 7,,t5or #af ,,cwt47 ,,= ,,ab]avon ,,*ur*1 ,,glamorgan%ire4 ,?is is an example ( an ord9>y ,engli% peal con/ruct$ = *ange-r++ & %[s "s ( ! bells 8up10 ready = r++4 ,9 ?is case ! frame & /ocks are ( iron & ! bells are )\t cannons4 ,sev5te5?-c5tury ,roman lett]+1 al?\gh pla91 is (t5 mo/ effective & arti/ic2 capitals are almo/ always us$ ?r\gh\t1 & small ,roman lett]s are v r>e4 ,x is n until ! middle ( ! next c5tury t x 0 replac$ by ! dull me*anical pr9t+ types :i* are *>act]i/ic ( ! pres5t day4 ,b s9ce ! ,go?ic revival sev]al mod]n f\nd]s h re-introduc$ capital lett]s ( ! old /yle ) good effect2 notably ! ,taylors ( ,l\ghbor\gh4 ,n[adays1 h[ev]1 !re is little attempt at ornam5t+ bells2 n only ! usual inscription-b& on ! %\ld]1 b ! :ole surface ( ! bell is utiliz$ = immortaliz+ local (ficials & celebrities4 ,on a bell rec5tly ca/ = a *ur* on ! outskirts ( ,london are giv5 ! names1 n only ( ! ,vic>1 ,bi%op1 & ,ar*bi%op1 b ( ! ,prime ,m9i/]1 ,memb] ( ,p>liam5t1 & ,*airman ( ! ,di/rict ,c\ncil6 ,s f> little has be5 said ab\t ! inscriptions plac$ on bells2 b z ^! =m "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ features ( ! subject1 !y dem& "s little att5tion4 ,! e>lie/ inscriptions1 ^? ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 7 usually 9 ,lat91 & v simple 9 =m4 ,we f9d m]ely a "n su* z ,,iesvs or ,,iohannes1 or su* phrases z ,,campana ,,beati ,,pavli1 8! bell ( bless$ ,paul10 or ,,9 ,,honore ,,sancti ,,laur5cii1 89 hon\r ( ,sa9t ,lawr5ce40 ,m r>ely1 ! f\nd]'s "n1 z-- ,,mi*ael ,,de ,,vvymbis ,,me ,,fecit 8,mi*ael de ,wymbis made me40 ,,ion ,,me ,,yeyt 8,john ca/ me40 ,o!r =ms ( inscription soon became common1 especially ! simple invocation to a sa9t-- 8,sancte ,petre 7or #8,sancta ,kat]9a'7 ora pro nobis40 8,sa9t ,pet]10 or 8,sa9t ,ka!r9e1 pray = u40 ,by "o f\nd]1 ^: !ology 0 some:at confus$1 ! ,holy ,tr9ity itself 0 simil>ly invok$-- 8,sancta ,tr9itas ora pro nobis40 ,he %\ld h said 8mis]]e nobis10 8h m]cy ^u u10 z 9 our ,litany4 ,:at are kn[n z 8leon9es10 or rhym+ hexamet] v]ses1 are also v popul>1 su* z-- ,,9 ,,multis ,,annis ,,resonet ,,campana ,,iohannis 8,= _m ye>s let ! bell ( ,john res\nd40 ,,virg9is ,,egregie ,,vocor ,,campana ,,m>ie 8,i am call$ ! bell ( ,m>y ! excell5t ,virg940 ,,missi ,,de ,,celis ,,habeo ,,nom5 ,,gabrielis 8,i h ! "n ( heav5-s5t ,gabriel40 ,,virgo ,,coronata ,,duc ,,nos ,,ad ,,regna ,,beata 8,cr[n$ ,virg91 lead u to realms ( bliss40 ,,sum ,,rosa ,,pulsata ,,mundi ,,kat]9a ,,vocata 8,i am ! rose ( ! _w1 :5 /ruck1 call$ ,ka!r9e40 ,mo/ frequ5t ( all is ! ,angelic salutation 7,s4 ,luke i4 #bh73 ,,ave ,,m>ia ,,gracia ,,pl5a ,,dom9us ,,tecum sometimes f\nd 9 an ,engli% =m z-- 8,,hail ,,m>y ,,ful ,,( ,,gras0 78,full ( grace074 ,!re are said to be altoge!r sev5ty diff]5t =ms ( d$ication to ! ,bless$ ,virg94 ,%e is by f> ! fav\rite sa9t ) bell-f\nd]s1 ?\gh ,s4 ,ka!r9e 7possibly on acc\nt ( h] emblem ! :eel7 0 _! special patron4 ,on ! :ole ! d$ications correspond fairly to ^? fav\r$ = *ur*es2 b we note t ,s4 ,&rew1 ,s4 ,james1 & ,s4 ,paul1 are r>ely f\nd1 :]eas ,s4 ,anne & ,s4 ,gabriel are m common4 ,we mu/ n expect to f9d bells necess>ily d$icat$ to ! patron sa9ts ( _! *ur*es2 x is 9 fact exceptional1 & possibly ! "n 0 det]m9$ by t ( "s guild or *antry4 ,:]e !y are ! same x is usually ! t5or2 b ! old r+ ( five at ,s4 ,b>?olomew1 ,smi?field1 has ! treble d$icat$ to t sa9t4 ,among texts ( scripture are also f\nd ,,sit ,,nom5 ,,dom9i ,,b5$ictum 8,bless$ be ! ,"n ( ! ,"l0 7,job i4 #ba74 ,,iesvs ,,naz>5vs ,,rex ,,ivdeorvm 8,jesus ( ,naz>e? ! ,k+ ( ! ,jews0 7,s4 ,john xix4 #ai74 ,,beatvs ,,v5t] ,,qvi ,,te ,,portavit 8,bless$ is ! womb t b>e !e0 7,s4 ,luke xi4 #bg74 ,b su* texts become common] 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,an e>ly po/-,re=mation example is at ,hann+ton1 ,nor?ants3 ,,love ,,horte? ,,n 7,rom4 xiii4 #aj74 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #bi4 ,,r+]s ,,at ,s4 ,,paul',s ,,ca!dral ,,r++ ,a ,,peal ,,on ,,new ,,ye>',s ,,eve ,,on ,,! ,,twelve ,,bells4 7,see page #ge74 ,sometimes a bell be>s a pray] = its donor1 or = 8 s\l1 z at ,gor+1 ,ox=d%ire-- ,,orate ,,pro ,,petro ,,exoni5se ,,episcopo1 8,pray = ,pet]1 ,bi%op ( ,exet]40 ,?is 0 ,pet] ,quivil1 ,bi%op ab\t #abij4 ,or at ,bolton-9-,crav51 ,york%ire-- ,sc'e ,paule1 ora pro a'i'abus ,h5rici ,pudsey et ,m>g>ete consorte sue 8,/4 ,paul1 pray = ! s\ls ( ,h5ry ,pudsey & ,m>g>et 8 wife40 ,9 ^! cases we are enabl$ to ga9 a clue to ! date ( ! bell1 a piece ( in=mation r>ely f\nd giv5 9 m$iaeval times4 ,h5ry ,pudsey1 = in/ance1 di$ ab\t #aeaj4 ,!re is an int]e/+ bell at ,aldb\rne1 9 ,wilt%ire1 dat$ #aeaf1 ) a pray] = ! s\ls ( ,ri*>d ,godd>d ( ,upham1 8 two wives & 8 *ildr54 ,x is said t ?is is ! only kn[n record ( 8 d\ble m>riage1 ?\gh ! family is an old "o1 well kn[n 9 ^? p>ts4 ,engli% inscriptions are v r>e1 b :5 f\nd are (t5 v qua9t1 z at ,sn[%ill1 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire-- 8,,9 ,,"n ,,( ,,tr9ite2 ,,gillis ,giles' ,,belle ,,m5 ,,calle ,,me02 or at ,alkbor\gh1 9 ,l9coln%ire-- 8,,jesu ,,= ,,yi ,,modir ! ,"m's ,,sake ,,save ,,al ,,ye ,,sauls ,,t ,,me ,,g>t ,,make _h made ,,am540 ,! ,re=mation br\ght ab\t a great1 ?\gh n an imm$iate b gradual1 *ange 9 ! "* ( bell inscriptions4 ,we (t5 f9d ab\t ?is "t ! :ole or a portion ( ! alphabet2 & x has be5 suppos$ t ! f\nd] wi%$ to use 8 old /amps1 b 0 afraid ( giv+ (f5ce by adh]+ to ! old /yle ( inscription1 & s arrang$ ! lett]s 9 a fa%ion to :i* none c\ld object6 ,b "r ?r\gh ! ,re=mation p]iod1 ! reign ( ,elizabe?1 & ! ensu+ ,/u>t p]iod1 x is by no means r>e to f9d ! old =mulae repeat$4 ,x is possible t ignorant f\nd]s reproduc$ !m :5 reca/+ bells1 )\t realiz+ _! mean+1 or t !y tru/$ to ! inaccessibility ( belfries1 n to be f\nd out6 ,/ill ! fact rema9s1 n only t m 8,popi%0 inscriptions 7 left intact by ,re=m] & ,puritan on bells ?an on any o!r "p ( ! fabric ( *ur*es1 b also t prejudice & fanaticism "h seems to h play$ a small] "p4 ,yet !re are indications ( ,prote/ant zeal on ! "p ( "s sev5te5?-c5tury f\nd]s4 ,tobie ,norris ( ,/am=d 7#afjc-afbf7 is fond ( proclaim+-- ,,non ,,sono ,,animabvs ,,mortvorvm ,,s$ ,,avribvs ,,viv5tivm 8,i s\nd n = ! s\ls ( ! dead b = ! e>s ( ! liv+02 & ,william ,purdue ( ,bri/ol1 9 #afgh1 p]haps ) ! fe> ( ,james ,,ii's adv5t to ! ?rone be=e 8 eyes1 gives v5t to ! pray]3 ,,"l ,,by ,,?y ,,might ,,keep ,,u ,,f ,,poope ,,& ,,hypocrite1 at ,/anley ,s4 ,leon>d1 ,gl\ce/]%ire4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cj4 ,,! ,,r++ ,,( ,,! ,,sacr+ ,,bell ,,by ,a ,,cl]k ,,9 ,,m9or ,,ord]s4 ,f a ,manuscript 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 7,see pages #fh1 #hh74 ,= ! mo/ "p ! inscriptions ( ?is p]iod are1 :5 n m]ely *ur*w>d5s' names1 col\r$ ) a piety :i* f9ds v5t 9 qua9t & homely expressions1 su* z 8,,fe>e ,,god10 8,,iesvs ,,bee ,,ovr ,,spe$10 8,,9 ,,god ,,is ,,my ,,hope40 ,!y rem9d u ( ! bells ( ,ryl/one1 9 ,york%ire1 ( :i* ,wordswor? says3 8,:5 ! bells ( ,ryl/one play$ ,_! ,sabba? music--,god u ayde-- ,inscriptive leg5d1 :i* ,i we51 ,may on ^? holy bells be se540 ,he 01 h[ev]1 un=tunately mis9=m$1 z ! true inscription 7on "o bell7 01 8,9 ,,god is all40 ,o!r attempts are m ambiti\s1 su* z-- ,i ,,am ,a ,,cri] ,,9 ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,god ,,come ,,& ,,kip keep ,,holi1 at ,witcomb1 ,gl\ce/]%ire 7#afcj71 or-- ,,be ,,mecke ,,& ,,loly ,,to ,,he>e ,,! ,,^w ,,( ,,god1 at ,*i*e/] ,ca!dral 7#aehg74 ,"s ( ^! inscriptions are on bells by ,john ,wallis ( ,salisbury1 ( :om x has be5 said1 8,if we e/imate him by 8 works he 0 a great man2 & if we take 8 laconic epigraphs z an index ( 8 he>t1 he 0 a tru/ful1 ?ankful1 religi\s "*40 ,!y are1 at all ev5ts1 *>act]i/ic ( ! sob] & /raight=w>d piety ( ! days ( ,george ,h]b]t & ,bi%op ,&rewes4 ,?ree m *>act]i/ic expressions ( ! p]iod are l>gely us$ by ! ,nott+ham f\nd]s3 8,i sweetly tol+ m5 d call to ta/e on meate t fe$s ! s\le40 8,all y :o he> my ro>+ s\nd rep5t be=e y lie 9 gr\nd40 8,my ro>+ s\nd do? w>n+ give t m5 may n "h always live40 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ca4 ,,sacr+ ,,bell ,,hung ,,on ,,rood-,,scre51 ,,sc>n+ ,,*ur*1 ,,norfolk4 7,see page #hh74 ,o!r f\nd]s1 l ,tobie ,norris1 already quot$1 pref]r$ to use ,lat94 ,ano!r fav\rite ( 8 is-- ,,non ,,clamor ,,s$ ,,amor ,,cantat ,,9 ,,avre ,,dei 8,! s\nd t rea*e? ,,god above ,is n a clang b voice ( love40 ,a v beautiful ,lat9 inscription1 & mo/ rem>kable = ! "t :5 x 0 compos$ 7#afea71 is on ! t5or at ,/ockton1 ,salop2 x runs 9 ,engli%-- 8,glory 9 ! highe/ to ,,god ! ,,fa!r1 ,,son1 & ,,holy ,,gho/2 ,william ,:itmore1 ,knight1 patron & re/or] ( ?is *ur*1 n[ call$ to ! ,*ur* triumphant1 v[$ & design$ me = ! use ( ! ,*ur* militant40 ,m qua9t ?an edify+ are ! foll[+1 f\nd at ,?at*am 9 ,b]k%ire-- #a4 ,i ,,z ,,trebil ,,beg9 #b4 ,i ,,z ,,second ,,wil ,,s+ #c4 ,i ,,z ,,?ird ,,wil ,,r+ #d4 ,i ,,z ,,=? ,,9 ,,my ,,place #e4 ,i ,,z ,,fift ,,w ,,sovnd #f4 ,i ,,z ,,t5n> ,,hvm ,,all ,,rovnd4 ,we pass f ^! to o!rs ( ! same p]iod1 :i* %[ a sad fall+-(f 9 poetry & s5tim5t4 ,e>ly 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ! deplorable habit ( self-adv]tisem5t 0 begun by ! ,newcombes ( ,leice/]1 :o inv5t$ ! di/i*-- ,,be ,,yt ,,kn[ne ,,to ,,all ,,t ,,do? ,,me ,,see ,,t ,,newcombe ,,( ,,leice/] ,,made ,,me4 ,?is is adopt$1 b n improv$1 by lat] f\nd]s1 z by ,h5ry ,f>m] ( ,gl\ce/]1 :o1 on a bell ( #afbc1 at ,?rockmorton1 9 ,worce/]%ire1 proclaims-- ,,be ,,x ,,kn[ne ,,to ,,all ,,t ,,%all ,,vs ,,see ,,t ,,h5rie ,,f>m] ,,made ,,we #d ,,( #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cb4 ,,anci5t ,,sanctus ,,bell 7,,f\rte5? ,,c5tury74 ,9 its ,orig9al ,cot ov] ! ,*ancel ,ar* ( ,idbury ,*ur*1 ,ox=d%ire4 7,see page #hh74 ,worse dep?s are rea*$ by ,ri*>d ,ke5e ( ,wood/ock on two bells at ,brailes1 ,w>wick%ire4 ,on "o is-- ,,ime ,,n ,,! ,,bell ,i ,,0 ,,b ,,q ,,ano!r ,,ime ,,n[ ,,z ,,"r ,,& ,,true ,,z ,,george ,,my ,,bro!r4 ,on ! o!r-- ,i',,ll ,,crack ,,no ,,m ,,n[ ,,r+ ,,y\r ,,fill ,,m]ry ,,george ,i ,,0 ,,& ,,w ,,be ,,/ill4 ,?is /yle ( inscription is ev5 m *>act]i/ic ( ! e>ly eighte5? c5tury2 & we f9d at ,m]id51 9 ,w>wick%ire-- ,,:5 ,,my ,,fir/ ,,& ,,?ird ,,beg9 ,,to ,,r+ ,,my ,,?ird ,,0 ,,broke ,,be=e ,,we ,,all ,,did ,,s+4 ,!re is a pun "h on ! "n ( ! f\nd]1 ,william ,brooke4 ,an ev5 worse pun/] is ,h5ry ,pleasant ( ,sudbury1 :o at ,all ,sa9ts'1 ,maldon1 plac$ on f\r ( ! bells ! foll[+ effusions-- 7#a7 ,,:5 ,,?ree ,,?is ,,/eeple ,,fir/ ,,did ,,hold 7#b7 ,,we ,,7 ,,?ree ,,emblems ,,( ,a ,,scold 7#c7 ,,no ,,musick ,,!n ,,b ,,n[ ,,y ,,%all ,,see 7#d7 ,,:at ,,pleasant ,,musick ,,six ,,w ,,be4 ,joseph ,smi? ( ,edgba/on1 ano!r w\ld-be poet1 has sev]al inscriptions ( ?is class1 z at ,alve*ur*1 ,worce/]%ire-- ,,if ,,y ,,w\ld ,,"k ,,:5 ,,we ,,w>e ,,runn ,,x ,,0 ,,m>* ,,! #bb1 #agaa i4e41 8sev5te5-"o-"o04 ,yet ano!r type ( vulg>ity is to be f\nd at ,bakewell1 ,som]set-- ,,bilbie ,,& ,,boo% ,,may ,,come ,,& ,,see ,,:at ,,evans ,,& ,,nott ,,h ,,done ,,= ,,me4 ,:5 we rea* ! middle ( ! c5tury a *ange comes ov] ! inscriptions1 ?\gh h>dly "o = ! bett]4 ,! frivol\s dogg]el rhymes are replac$ by prim1 ?\gh n always decor\s1 c\plets :i* seem to be ?or\ghly *>act]i/ic ( t p]iod4 ,9 fact1 s greatly 0 ,me?odism fe>$ by ! correct & worldly *ur*m5 ( ,georgian days t we actually f9d on a bell at ,welwyn1 ,h]ts4-- ,,prosp]ity ,,to ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,engl& ,,& ,,no ,,enc\ragem5t ,,to ,,en?usiasm4 ,! mo/ typical specim5s1 h[ev]1 are on ! bells ( ! ,london f\nd]s at ?is p]iod-- ,,at ,,prop] ,,times ,,our ,,voices ,,we ,,w ,,raise ,,9 ,,s\nd+ ,,to ,,our ,,b5efactors' ,,praise4 ,,:5 ,,female ,,virtue ,,w$s ,,) ,,manly ,,wor? ,,we ,,cat* ,,! ,,rapture ,,& ,,we ,,spread ,,x ,,=? ,,may ,,all ,,:om ,i ,,%all ,,summon ,,to ,,! ,,grave ,,! ,,bless+s ,,( ,a ,,well-,,sp5t ,,life ,,receive4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cc4 ,,t[] ,,( ,,wal?am ,,abbey ,,*ur*1 ,,essex4 ,! ,bells ( :i* inspir$ ,t5nyson's well-kn[n l9es4 7,see page #ij74 ,! la/-nam$ 0 compos$ by a ,%rop%ire s*oolma/]1 :o also devis$ v]ses ( ! same type = bells 9 8 own *ur* ( ,high ,ercall4 ,"o example may be giv5-- ,,:]e ,,me&r+ ,,rod5 ,,g5tly ,,glides ,,or ,,turne',s ,,pr\d ,,curr5t ,,fills ,,its ,,ample ,,sides ,,h5ce ,,m$itation ,,views ,,our ,,calm ,,abode1 ,,heals ,,! ,,sick ,,m9d1 ,,& ,,yields ,,x ,,pure ,,to ,,god4 ,! ,rudhalls ( ,gl\ce/]1 :o 7 typical 8,*ur* & ,/ate0 m51 usually place on _! t5or bells ! famili> c\plet-- ,i ,,to ,,! ,,*ur* ,,! ,,liv+ ,,call ,,& ,,to ,,! ,,grave ,,d ,,summon ,,all4 ,p]haps ! wor/ specim5 ( ! ta/e ( ?is p]iod is to be f\nd at ,hornsey1 9 ,middlesex-- ,,! ,,r+]',s ,,art ,,our ,,graceful ,,notes ,,prolong2 ,,apollo ,,li/5s ,,& ,,approves ,,! ,,song4 ,d\btless ?is seem$ appropriate en\gh to an age :i* adorn$ its tombs & *ur*y>ds ) cupids1 urns1 & su*-l pagan emblems4 ,o!r examples ( ?is k9d f ! prov9ces are-- ,,! ,,public ,,rais$ ,,me ,,) ,a ,,lib]al ,,h&2 ,,we ,,come ,,) ,,h>mony ,,to ,,*e] ,,! ,,l& ,/r\d4 ,,all ,,y ,,( ,,ba? ,,t ,,he>e ,,me ,,s\nd ,,?ank ,,lady ,,hopton',s ,,hundr$ ,,p\nd ,ba? ,abbey4 ,"s inscriptions aga9 are ( hi/orical int]e/1 su* z at ,*ild ,oke=d1 ,dorset1 :]e1 9 #afdh1 ,,god ,,bless ,,k+ ,,*>les 0 actually plac$ on a bell by a f\nd] :o mu/ h _h ! c\rage ( 8 convictions6 ,x ne$ h>dly be po9t$ out t ! royal cause 0 j !n at ! dep? ( unpopul>ity4 ,! eight bells ( ,s4 ,hel5's1 ,worce/]1 be> ! names ( ,m>lbor\gh's victories 9 ,que5 ,anne's reign1 ) an appropriate c\plet 9 ea* case4 ,o!r bells1 su* z ! great bell ( ,glasg[ ,ca!dral1 & ! t5or ( ,/epney1 ,london1 record _! own hi/ory f m$iaeval times d[n to _! late/ re-ca/+4 ,a curi\s =m ( inscription f\nd on sev5te5?-c5tury bells1 & sometimes reviv$ at ! pres5t day1 is ! *ronogram1 :]e ! date is giv5 by ,roman lett]s ( a l>g] size ?an ! re/ ( ! inscription1 z at ,clifton-on-,teme1 ,worce/]%ire-- ,,h5ricvs ,,ieffreys ,,k5elmo ,,devovit1 :]e ! lett]s ,,mdclvvviii 9 num]ical ord] read z ! date #affh4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cd4 ,,symbols ,,( ,,! ,,f\r ,,evangeli/s4 ,us$ z /amps by ,london bell-f\nd]s ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 7,see pages #ajf1 #ajh47 ,x is "o ( ! _m debts t we owe to ! ,*ur* ,revival ( ! la/ c5tury t su* desecrations ( our bells z quot$ above are n[ a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,if our mod]n bells are (t5 v dull affairs z reg>ds _! decoration or inscriptions1 we c at lea/ be ?ankful t pr(anity & frivolity h disappe>$4 ,?\gh z ,i h already not$1 a t5d5cy to self-adv]tisem5t is /ill too app>5t1 !re has be5 a great *ange 9 ! la/ fifty ye>s1 & ! improvem5t 9 ! *oice ( inscriptions is mo/ m>k$4 ,^? to :om su* ?+s are a conc]n h begun to realize t a bell is a vehicle ( hi/ory1 & t1 !re=e1 its hi/ory %\ld be duly record$ & pres]v$4 ,b :at is ( f> m importance1 !y h also le>n$ to look ^u x z an in/rum5t de/9$ = ,,god',s s]vice--z "o ( ! 8,ornam5ts ( ! ,*ur*0--& !re=e j z des]v+ ( hon\r z any o!r furniture ( ,,god',s h\se4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,! ,c>e ( ,bells ,x has already be5 po9t$ out t our bells des]ve to be treat$ ) c>e & rev]5ce z mu* z any o!r "p ( ! *ur* fabric1 because !y n only h _! hi/oric int]e/1 b are closely connect$ ) our acts ( wor%ip & religi\s rites4 ,i wi%1 !re=e1 9 my conclud+ *apt]1 to (f] a few sugge/ions z to _! prop] treatm5t4 ,& :5 we speak ( ! bells 9 ?is connection we mu/ n =get ! belfries also4 ,"s fifty ye>s ago ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,c4 ,lukis1 :om ,i h already _h occasion to quote1 call$ att5tion to ! disgraceful condition ( _m ,wilt%ire belfries1 9 words :i* 7 by no means too /rong = ! occasion4 ,he po9t$ out t ! neglect ( ! bells n only l$ to _! becom+ useless1 b also endang]$ ! :ole fabric ( ! t[]1 & ev5tually did mis*ief to ! p>i%ion]s also1 :o ei!r _h to d )\t _! bells or pay = ! repairs4 ,_m ( ! t[]s 7 9 s dang]\s a /ate t ! bells 7 =bidd5 to be rung1 & ?\gh ?is may h be5 p>tly due to ! vibration caus$ by *ange-r++1 = :i*1 ( c\rse1 ! t[]s 7 n orig9ally built1 ! evils 71 9 8 op9ion1 due mu* m to neglect on ! "p ( ! *ur*w>d5s1 :o 7 responsible = ! c>e ( ! bells4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ce4 ,,bell ,,by ,,john ,,tonne1 ,a ,,f\nd] ,,( ,,h5ry ,,viii',s ,,"t 7#aebj-aedj74 ,ornam5t$ 9 ! ,fr5* fa%ion4 7,see page #ajh74 8,bells10 he says1 8require v con/ant att5tion to keep !m 9 r++ ord]40 ,!re=e x is n ! use ( ! bells1 n ev5 *ange-r++ ( ! mo/ viol5t description1 :i* de/roys ! bells & endang]s ! belfries2 b simply neglect or c>elessness4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t bells are enorm\sly heavy1 & are yet requir$ to move & revolve ) p]fect ease1 & to be hung ) p]fect balance & adju/m5t ( all _! p>ts4 ,any tempor>y or amateuri% repairs w probably end 9 do+ m h>m ?an good2 nor w an occasional use ( oil or new ropes supply all t is want$4 ,above all1 ! frame-"w mu/ be kept cle> ( ! walls ( ! t[]1 or ! vibration w inevitably de/roy x4 ,!re is ano!r matt] to :i* ! same writ] calls att5tion1 :i*1 if n a s\rce ( dang] to ! bells1 may (t5 be s to ^? :o visit !m1 & :i* 9 any case is a disgrace to ^? :o h ! ,h\se ( ,,god 9 _! c>e4 ,i allude to ! condition ( ! /aircases or ladd]s by :i* ! bells are approa*$4 8,g5]ally speak+10 says ,mr4 ,lukis1 8! d>k1 w9d+ /one /aircases 7:5 !y h any7 lead+ to !m are dirty1 worn1 & difficult to tread2 & :5 y h secur$ y\r foot+1 y sudd5ly come ^u a huge heap ( /icks1 /raws1 fea!rs1 & o!r rubbi%1 ! pati5t & labori\s "w ( indefatigable jackdaws4 ,:5 ! t[]s h no /one /aircases1 ! bells h to be rea*$ by a succession ( crazy ladd]s1 plant$ on equally crazy floors4 ,:y %\ld t[]s be s desecrat$8 ,are !y n z mu* a portion ( ! *ur* z any o!r "p80 ,^! words1 at ! "t !y 7 writt51 7 d\btless true ( ! majority ( belfries 9 ! c\ntry2 b ,i fe> !re are /ill n a few ( :i* ! same may be said4 ,i h be5 into _m a belfry1 9 :i*1 on rais+ ! trap-door admitt+ me to ! bells1 ,i h be5 =cibly conv9c$1 by ! %[]s ( accumulat$ fil? desc5d+ ^u me1 t !y h lit]ally n be5 visit$ = ye>s6 ,9 ju/ice x may be said t :]e prop] access to ! bells exi/s ?is is seldom ! case4 ,at ! wor/1 ! bottom ( ! /aircase is made ! receptacle = bru%es1 du/-pans1 & c&le/icks1 or su*-l necess>y articles4 ,b :y %\ld n prop] access be provid$ 9 e case8 ,ev5 ! solit>y t9kl] 9 a small & elevat$ turret sometimes requires att5tion2 & ev5 if ! casual visitor to a belfry mu/ n always expect to be consid]$1 x is surely reasonable t ! p>i% (ficial ^: duty x is to c>e = ! bells %\ld n f9d ob/acles plac$ 9 ! way ( rea*+ !m4 ,!re are v few *ur*es1 n reckon+ ^? :]e ! bells are hung outside1 9 :i* a p]man5t ladd] might n be fix$1 :]e !re is no possibility ( a /aircase4 ,& ?is1 :e!r ( wood or iron1 ne$ n be ei!r an exp5sive or unsightly object2 b x %\ld be /\t & s\nd if ( wood1 & always fix$ firmly at top & bottom4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cf4 ,,specim5s ,,( ,,go?ic ,,capital ,,lett]s4 ,bo? sets are r$uc$ to ab\t half size4 7,see pages #cb1 #di1 #aji47 ,i h said t1 on ! :ole1 ! la/ fifty ye>s h se5 a great improvem5t 9 ! treatm5t ( bells & belfries2 b only s lately z #ahig1 a rec5t writ]1 a ke5 r+] & exp]t 9 all relat+ to bells1 _h occasion to re-e*o ,mr4 ,lukis' compla9ts4 ,he po9ts out1 h[ev]1 t ! ,c5tral ,c\ncil ( ,r+]s1 !n rec5tly =m$1 is do+ excell5t "w by its reports on bell-hang+ & simil> matt]s4 ,"s ( ^! rem>ks ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,h4 ,cocks1 9 8 great "w on ,buck+ham%ire bells1 are s admirable & s in/ructive t ,i _c =be> to quote !m4 ,he devotes himself to f9d+ out ! reasons :y bells crack2 & 8 conclusion is t su* a ?+ r>ely happ5s except f %e] neglect4 ,fur!r1 t :ile ! sexton & r+]s may be entru/$ ) ! actual c>e & use ( ! bells1 ! real responsibility lies1 9 ! fir/ place1 ) ! incumb5t ( ! p>i%1 &1 9 a less] degree1 ) ! *ur*w>d5s4 ,! incumb5t1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 has ! legal "r ( grant+ or refus+ access to ! bells1 & ( say+ :5 !y %all or %all n be rung4 8,if all incumb5ts10 he says1 8w\ld rememb] t bell-hang+s are ma*9es1 ev5 if n q s complicat$ z a /eam-eng9e1 & t all ma*9es want a little att5tion1 ! lam5table & disgraceful /ate ( _m ( ! belfries w\ld cease2 & we bell-hunt]s w\ld no long] get ! almo/ /]eotyp$1 semi-apologetic /atem5t1 on mak+ our reque/ = ! key1 #8,i'm afraid y w f9d a great mess up !re1 b1 to tell y ! tru?1 ,i h nev] be5 up to !m4'0 ,z he aptly po9ts out1 r+]s1 :o usually visit t[]s :]e ! bells are r+able & ev]y?+ 9 ord]1 "k little ( ^! neglect$ places2 b x is ! incumb5t's duty to "k :at goes on "u 8 suppos$ *>ge2 & if he refuses1 ! au?ority ( rural deans & ar*deacons %\ld /ep 9 to ar\se him to 8 duty4 ,let e incumb5t1 !n1 :o 8has nev] be5 up10 det]m9e to visit 8 bells4 ,he w d\btless f9d 8 tr\ble repaid1 if !y be> int]e/+ inscriptions or devices2 & if he f9ds ! attempt att5d$ by risk ( life or limb1 let him be p]suad$ to r5ew worn /eps or brok5 ladd]-rungs4 ,if he f9ds ! belfry or /aircase full ( animal & vegetable rubbi%1 let him take ! simple b necess>y /ep ( fix+ wire-nett+ ov] ! w9d[s1 & cleanl9ess1 once atta9$1 %\ld be easily pres]v$4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #cg4 ,,specim5s ,,( 8,,mix$ ,,go?ic0 ,,lett]+ ,us$ by ,h5ry ,jordan ( ,london 7#adfj74 ,r$uc$ to ab\t two-?irds size4 7,see pages #bi1 #aji47 ,& n[ z to ! crack+ ( bells1 & h[ to prev5t x4 ,bells may crack ei!r at ! top1 or 8cr[n10 or at ! rim1 or 8s\nd-b[10 :]e ! clapp] /rikes4 ,! =m] is usually due to defective me?ods ( hang+1 :i* _c be expla9$ )\t becom+ too te*nical2 b ! latt] comes f a v simple & avoidable cause4 ,moreov]1 a bell crack$ at ! cr[n does n !reby lose its tone1 & may la/ = ye>s 9 t condition2 b if crack$ at ! rim x is imm$iately & hopelessly ru9$4 ,if1 aga91 ! cannons1 or metal loops by :i* ! bell hangs f ! wood5 /ock1 %\ld be brok51 ! bell may be kept s\nd by bor+ holes 9 ! cr[n & bolt+ x to ! /ock4 ,b 9 mak+ ?is latt] sugge/ion ,i d n wi% to comm5d--r to prote/ aga9/--! practice ( mod]n bell-f\nd]s1 :o d ?is 9 all cases1 in/ead ( us+ cannons4 ,!y are support$ by ! r+]s1 :o say x makes ! bell sw+ m easily2 b x is a b>b>\s practice1 & de/roys ! :ole appe>ance ( ! bell4 ,( all dang]s :i* beset our un=tunate bells1 by f> ! wor/ is ! objectionable1 b only too common1 practice ( 8clock+10 z x is call$4 ,aga9/ ?is1 no prote/s c be too /rong4 ,! reason is a v simple "o4 8,clock+0 consi/s 9 ty+ ! clapp] to ! rope 9 ord] to make ! bell s\nd m easily & ) little ef=t on ! r+]'s "p4 ,n[1 ?is gives ! clapp] v little play1 & x /rikes cont9ually on "o place at v %ort int]vals4 ,?is *ecks vibration & prev5ts ! effect ( ! /roke f spread+1 & is a sure cause ( crack+ at ! rim soon] or lat]4 ,yet all ov] ! c\ntry x is con/antly be+ done1 & on a rec5t visit to ,essex x 0 my exp]i5ce 9 t[] aft] t[]4 ,worse ?an t1 ,i f\nd ! bells 9 sev]al cases actually hung 8dead10 ! /ocks be+ fix$ to ! frames1 s t any sw++ 0 impossible4 8,clock+0 is1 un=tunately1 no new practice1 z we he> ( x at ,read+ ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago2 b w\ld t mod]n *ur*w>d5s w\ld take ! same view ( x t ! good ,joseph ,c>t]1 *ur*w>d5 ( ,s4 ,lawr5ce & bell-f\nd]1 did !n4 ,he got ! vic> to draft a resolution t1 8,:]eas !re 01 ?r\gh ! slo?fulness ( ! sexton 9 times pa/1 a k9d ( toll+ ! bell by ! clapp]-rope1 x 0 n[ =bidd5 & tak5 away1 & t ! bell %\ld be toll$ z 9 times pa/ & n 9 any su* idle sort40 ,9 ,london alone tw5ty-eight l>ge bells 9 ! pr9cipal *ur*es 7 crack$ by 8clock+0 betwe5 #ahbj & #ahfj4 ,ev5 ! ord9>y clock-hamm]1 /rik+ on ! upp] side ( ! rim ( ! bell1 (t5 has ! same effect2 & = ! same reason4 ,b 9 bo? cases !re is a rem$y1 if put 9 h& at once & aft] consult+ a good bell-hang]1 namely1 t ( 8qu>t]-turn+10 or turn+ ! bell r\nd ?r\gh "o qu>t] ( its circumf]5ce1 s t ! clapp] may /rike on a place at "r angles to ! old "o1 if t has become worn4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #ch4 ,,"p ,,( ,a ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury ,,bell ,,by ,,h5ry ,,oldfield ,,( ,,nott+ham4 ,! lett]+ is an imitation ( m$iaeval types1 b ! ornam5t is *>act]i/ic ( ! lat] p]iod4 7,see pages #ajf1 #aab74 ,if1 h[ev]1 a bell has once become hopelessly crack$1 !re is no rem$y b reca/+ into a new "o2 ?\gh x is said t a crack$ bell 9 ,dorset 0 successfully repair$ by a ,norwegian artific] ab\t fifte5 ye>s ago1 & :]e he has succe$$1 o!rs may yet4 ,nev]!less x is only too common = bells to be re-ca/ :5 !re is no necessity4 ,p]haps "o bell is brok51 or x is desir$ to increase ! numb] ( ! bells1 & ! f\nd]1 ) a p>donable eye to bus9ess1 sugge/s t all ! old bells %\ld be melt$ d[n1 9 ord] to h an entirely new r+1 gu>ante$ 9 tune ) ea* o!r4 ,& ?us disappe>s _m an int]e/+ & valuable old bell1 p]fectly s\nd & well-ton$4 ,x does n foll[ t because a bell is old its tone is inf]ior to a new "o1 or t x _c be fitt$ into a new r+4 ,r1 ! contr>y is ! case1 & tone improves & mell[s ) age4 ,b :5 all else fails1 & re-ca/+ is absolutely unavoidable1 let me plead t "s fai?ful record ( ! old bell may be kept4 ,at lea/ ! old inscription may be pres]v$1 z to _! cr$it 0 (t5 done by ! sev5te5?-c5tury f\nd]s1 on ! new bell4 ,?is practice1 ,i note1 is increas+1 & des]ves e comm5dation4 ,b !re is an ev5 m excell5t way4 ,! inscription may be copi$ 9 exact fac-simile on ! new bell 7)1 ( c\rse1 an indication ( ! new date71 z has be5 successfully done 9 _m in/ances1 notably by ,blews ( ,birm+ham on ! old t5or at ,brailes1 ,w>wick%ire1 & 9 o!r cases by ,me>s & ,/a9bank & by ,taylor 7see ,plate #ai74 ,or1 aga91 ! inscription-b& may be cut out & kept 9 ! *ur*1 or us$ z ! r+ ( a c&elabrum4 ,?is has be5 done at ,*e/]-le-,/reet1 9 ,durham2 ,we/ ,b]gholt1 9 ,essex2 & else:]e4 ,x at lea/ pres]ves :at is ( special int]e/ & beauty4 ,or1 la/ly1 ! old bell may be kept 9 its entirety1 z a relic ( ! pa/1 9 "s "p ( ! *ur*4 ,?is has be5 done1 to ! great cr$it ( ! p>i% au?orities at ,w+rave1 9 ,bucks2 ,batcombe1 9 ,dorset2 ,b>r[ ,gurney1 9 ,som]set2 & ,swyncombe1 9 ,ox=d%ire4 ,?is may p]haps be a c\nsel ( p]fection1 z x entails ! sacrifice ( ! money all[$ = ! old metal2 b x is c]ta9ly ! mo/ praisewor?y c\rse1 ev5 if x is too mu* to expect f a poor p>i%4 ,i plead1 !re=e1 9 conclusion1 fir/ = clean & accessible belfries2 secondly = ord]ly r++-*amb]s2 ?irdly = due c>e & att5tion to ! bells & _! fitt+s2 & la/1 b n lea/1 = ! pres]vation ( all old & int]e/+ bells1 n only to e>n ! gratitude ( ! casual antiqu>y1 b to %[ t _! hi/oric value1 & ! s]vices !y h s long & fai?fully r5d]$1 receive due appreciation4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,= an illu/ration ( bells 9 a frame1 see ,plate #bh4 #b ,an e>ly ,london bell is illu/rat$ on ,plate #ab4 #c ,! belfry ( ,bruges is %[n 9 ,plate #bc4 ,,index ,aldb\rne1 ,wilts1 f\ndry at1 #aab2 bell at1 #abj4 ,alfr$ ! ,great introduces ,curfew1 #ih4 ,angelus bell1 #ih4 ,bagleys 7f\nd]s71 #cg4 ,b>tlets 7f\nd]s71 #dj4 ,belfries & bell-turrets1 #f1 #h1 #fb ff42 condition & c>e (1 #ge1 #aci ff42 & see ,campanile1 ,t[]4 ,bell1 ,d]ivation ( ^w1 #a4 ,bell-f\nd]s1 #h1 #ba ff42 mona/ic1 #ba2 9 ,london1 #bb1 #bd1 #bh1 #dj2 ( #ad? c5tury1 #bd ff42 ( #ae? c5tury1 #bh ff41 #ajf2 ,elizabe?an1 #cc1 #aaa2 ( #ag?-#ah? c5turies1 #cd ff41 #aaa2 it9]ant1 #cg2 mod]n1 #da1 #dd ff41 #aej1 #aed1 #aee4 ,bell-f\nd+1 see ,ca/+4 ,bell-metal1 ,composition (1 #aj4 ,bells1 ,introduction into ,*ur*1 #b2 e>lie/ use 9 ,engl&1 #d1 #h2 e>ly me?ods ( r++1 #e2 d$ication (1 #f1 #aag2 e>lie/ exi/+1 #i2 e>ly dat$1 #i1 #cj1 #cb2 me?ods ( ca/+1 #aj ff42 decoration (1 #ad1 #bh ff41 #di1 #ej1 #eb1 #aje ff42 tun+ (1 #ah2 =eign1 #cb2 ( exceptional size1 #dc ff42 inscriptions on1 #de1 #dh1 #ej1 #ee1 #aad ff42 mod]n me?ods ( hang+ & r++1 #fh1 #ge2 anci5t uses (1 #ha2 mod]n uses (1 #hb ff42 = ,*ur* s]vices1 #hd ff42 = fe/ivals1 #hi2 = dea? & fun]als1 #ie2 to m>k "t1 #ig2 secul> uses (1 #aja2 prop] treatm5t (1 #aci ff42 crack+ (1 h[ to prev5t1 #adh2 pres]vation (1 #aed4 8,belleyet]es10 #bb1 #bd4 ,b]gholt1 ,ea/1 ,suffolk1 ,belfry at1 #fd4 ,bev]ley ,m9/] bell1 #di4 ,bird1 ,john1 7f\nd]71 #ej4 ,blews 7f\nd]71 #ej1 #aee4 ,brailes1 ,bells at1 #ej1 #acj1 #aee4 ,brasy]s1 7f\nd]s71 #cj1 #aaa4 ,bri/ol1 f\ndry1 #bb1 #bh1 #cj1 #cf4 ,bunyan1 ,john1 #gf4 ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 f\ndry1 #bh1 #cj1 #cc1 #cd2 *imes at1 #eh4 ,cambridge1 ,r++ at1 #fj1 #fa1 #aja2 *imes at1 #fd4 ,campana1 #b4 ,campanalogy1 ! sci5ce ( bell-r++1 #b4 ,campaniles1 #ef1 #fa ff4 ,cant]bury1 ,bells at1 #h1 #dc4 ,c>illons1 #eg ff4 ,c>t]1 ,joseph1 ( ,read+1 #aea4 ,ca/+ ( bells1 #ab ff4 ,cav]sfield1 ,oxon41 ,bell at1 #i4 ,*anges on bells1 #gb4 ,*ange-r++1 ,introduction into ,engl&1 #fg2 me?od (1 #fh ff41 #ge4 ,*imes1 #eg ff41 #ig4 ,*im+1 #e1 #gj1 #hd2 at fun]als1 #ig4 ,*i*e/] ,ca!dral bell-t[]1 #fd2 bell at1 #abe4 ,*ri/mas1 ,bells at1 #hi4 ,*ronograms1 #acf4 ,cliburys 7f\nd]s71 #cg1 #aab4 8,clock+0 ( bells1 #aej4 ,cocks1 ,a4 ,h41 quot$1 #adf4 ,col*e/]1 ,f\ndry at1 #cc4 ,cope ( bell-m\ld1 #b1 #ac4 ,copgrave1 ,johannes de1 7f\nd]71 #bf4 ,cors 7f\nd]s71 #aab4 ,corvehill1 ,sir ,w41 7f\nd]71 #bb4 ,cov5try1 ,bell at1 #ajj4 ,crack+ ( bells1 #adf1 #adh ff4 ,crot*1 ,dr41 #fa4 ,croyl&1 ,bells at1 #d1 #f4 ,culv]d51 ,william1 7f\nd]71 #bi4 ,curfew bell1 #ig ff4 ,cu/oms ( bells1 #ha ff4 ,danyell1 ,john1 7f\nd]71 #bi4 ,d>bie1 ,mi*ael1 7f\nd]71 #ch4 ,dates on e>ly bells1 #i1 #cj1 #cb4 ,david play+ on bells1 #f4 ,div9e ,s]vice1 ,r++ =1 #hd4 ,ely ,ca!dral1 ,bells (1 #bf4 ,exet] ,ca!dral1 ,bells (1 #h1 #dd4 ,f>m]1 ,h5ry1 7f\nd]71 #abh4 ,fe/ivals1 ,bells us$ at1 #hi1 #ib4 ,fire bell1 #ajc4 ,f\nd]s1 see ,bell-f\nd]s4 ,f\nd+ ( bells1 see ,ca/+4 ,f\ndries1 #bb ff4 ,glean+ bell1 #aja4 ,gl\ce/] f\ndry1 #bb1 #be1 #bf1 #ch2 bell ( ,ca!dral1 #de4 ,gor+1 ,oxon41 ,bell at1 #bd1 #abj4 ,graye1 ,miles1 7f\nd]71 #cd4 ,hancox1 ,?omas1 7f\nd]71 #aab4 ,hodson1 ,*ri/oph]1 7f\nd]71 #di4 ,idbury1 ,oxon41 ,bell at1 #hh4 ,incumb5ts1 ,duties (1 #adf4 ,inscriptions1 h[ produc$1 #ad2 on great bells1 #de1 #dh1 #ej1 #ee2 m$iaeval1 #aae ff42 po/-,re=mation1 #abb ff42 ( #ah? c5tury1 #acj ff42 mod]n1 #aad1 #ach1 #aed2 ( hi/orical int]e/1 #ace2 importance ( pres]v+1 #aed4 ,jordan1 ,h5ry1 7f\nd]71 #bi1 #ajf4 ,k+'s ,lynn1 ,f\ndry at1 #be4 ,leice/]1 ,f\ndry at1 #be1 #bh1 #cc2 & see ,newcombes4 ,lett]+ on bells1 #aj1 #aji1 #aaa4 ,l9coln ,ca!dral1 ,bell (1 #df4 ,l9coln%ire1 ,e>ly dat$ bells 91 #cb4 ,london 7f\nd]s71 #bb1 #bd1 #bh1 #dj2 e>ly r++ 91 #h1 #gd2 bells 91 #eb ff41 #acf4 ,l\ghbor\gh f\ndry1 #da2 & see ,taylor4 ,ludl[1 ,bells rung at1 #eh1 #ajj1 #aja4 ,lukis1 ,rev4 ,w4 ,c41 quot$1 #gi1 #aci4 ,me>ses 7f\nd]s71 #dj1 #dh1 #ef4 ,me>s & ,/a9bank 7f\nd]s71 #da1 #eb1 #aee4 ,milton quot$1 #ajj4 ,mona/ic bell-f\nd]s1 #ba4 ,mot1 ,rob]t1 7f\nd]71 #dj1 #aaa4 ,m\ld+ ( bells1 #ac4 ,newcombes 7f\nd]s71 #cc1 #df1 #abh4 ,new ,ye>'s ,eve1 ,r++ on1 #ij4 ,norris1 ,tobie1 7f\nd]71 #abb1 #abg4 ,norton1 ,/eph51 7f\nd]71 #be4 ,norwi*1 ,f\ndry at1 #bh1 #cj2 & see ,brasy]s4 ,nott+ham1 ,f\ndry at1 #be1 #bh1 #cc1 #cd2 & see ,oldfields4 ,oldfields 7f\nd]s71 #cd1 #df1 #aaa1 #aab4 ,ox=d1 ,bells & r++ at1 #dh1 #ig1 #ih1 #aja4 ,pancake bell1 #ic4 ,pass+ bell1 #ie4 ,phelps1 ,ri*>d1 7f\nd]71 #dj1 #ec4 ,pray] ,book1 ,m5tion ( bells 91 #hb4 ,purdues 7f\nd]s71 #cf1 #de1 #abd4 ,rav51 ,dr41 quot$1 #ec1 #eg4 ,read+1 ,f\ndry at1 #bh1 #cc1 #cd2 see also1 #aea4 ,re=mation1 ,effect (1 on bell-f\nd+1 #cb1 #aji1 #aba1 #abb1 #abd4 ,r+]s1 ,guilds & ,societies (1 #fg1 #gd2 cl]ical1 #fh2 behavi\r (1 #ge1 #gi2 rules =1 #gh4 ,r++1 ,me?ods (1 #e1 #dc2 e>ly m5tion (1 #e1 #h2 mod]n1 #fg2 & see ,*ange-r++4 8,r+s ( bells10 #d1 #e4 ,rudhalls 7f\nd]s71 #ch1 #acd4 ,ryl/one1 ,yorks41 ,bells (1 #abd4 ,sacr+ bell1 #hh4 ,salisbury1 ,f\ndry at1 #bh1 #cf4 ,sanctus bell1 #hf4 ,s]mon bell1 #he4 ,signa1 #dc ff4 ,/$man1 ,fabian1 #gb1 #gd4 ,sundays1 ,r++ on1 #hd ff4 ,taylor ,co4 7f\nd]s71 #da1 #dd1 #di1 #ej1 #eb1 #ec1 #ee1 #aad1 #aee4 ,tell]s1 #if4 ,t5nyson1 quot$1 #hi4 ,tong1 ,%rop%ire1 ,great bell (1 #di1 #ajd2 r++ at1 #fh2 r+]s rules at1 #gh4 ,tonne1 ,john1 7f\nd]71 #ajh2 ,/eph51 #cd4 ,t[]s1 deta*$1 #fd2 & see ,belfries4 ,t[?orpe1 ,fri> ,william1 #ba4 ,trade-m>ks1 #bh ff41 #ajf ff4 ,tunnoc1 ,ri*>d1 7f\nd]71 #af1 #bf4 ,uses ( bells1 #ha ff4 ,wal?am ,abbey1 ,bells at1 #be1 #ij4 ,w>wick1 ,r++ at1 #eh1 #ajc4 ,we/m9/]1 ,bells (1 #eb1 #ef4 ,william ! ,conqu]or1 #ih4 ,worce/]1 ,bells ( ,ca!dral1 #i1 #be1 #ej1 #acf2 f\ndry at1 #cj2 c>illon at1 #fj2 campanile at1 #fb2 bells ( ,s4 ,hel5's1 #acf4 ,wordswor? quot$1 #abd4 ,wymbi%es 7f\nd]s71 #bd4 ,york1 ,bell-f\nd]'s w9d[ at1 #af1 #bf2 mort> at1 #ba2 f\ndry at1 #bb1 #be1 #bf1 #cg2 ,great bell ( m9/]1 #df4 ,a4 ,r4 ,,m[bray ,,& ,,co4 ,,ltd41 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,ox=d ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,all inconsi/5cies 7 left un*ang$1 l3 ,bellf\nd] -- ,bell-f\nd] framework -- frame-"w reca/ -- re-ca/ reca/+ -- re-ca/+ ,! foll[+ *anges h be5 made3 p4 #f 8p\rtrays0 replac$ by 8portrays04 p4 #aei 810 remov$4 p4 #aei 810 replac$ by 8404 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------