,transcriber's ,note3 ,italic text is denoted by underscores4 ,blank representing omitted text is represented as a line of underscores3 4 ,,the ,,journal ,,of ,,leo ,,tolstoi 7,first ,volume--#ahie-ahii7 ,,the ,,newest ,,borzoi ,,books ,,asphalt ,by ,orrick ,johns ,,backwater ,by ,dorothy ,richardson ,,dandelions ,by ,coulson ,t4 ,cade ,,central ,,europe ,by ,friedrich ,naumann ,,crimes ,,of ,,charity ,by ,konrad ,bercovici ,,russia',s ,,message ,by ,william ,english ,walling ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,self ,by ,james ,oppenheim ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,camping ,by ,a4 ,hyatt ,verrill ,,modern ,,russian ,,history ,by ,alexander ,kornilov ,,the ,,russian ,,school ,,of ,,painting ,by ,alexandre ,benois ,,the ,,autobiography ,,of ,a ,,super-,,tramp ,by ,william ,h4 ,davies ,with a ,preface by ,bernard ,shaw ,,the ,,journal ,,of ,,leo ,,tolstoi 7,first ,volume--#ahie-ahii7 ,,translated ,,from ,,the ,,russian ,by ,,rose ,,strunsky ,illustration3 ,publisher's logo ,,alfred ,a4 ,,knopf ,,new ,,york ,,mcmxvii ,,copyright1 #aiag1 ,,by ,,alfred ,a4 ,,knopf ,,printed ,,in ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,of ,,america ,,introduction ,the ultimate meaning of the ,russian ,revolution which took place in ,march1 #aiag1 can be best understood through the pages of the ,journal of ,leo ,tolstoi which is here printed4 ,the spiritual qualities which make up the mind and personality of ,tolstoi are the spiritual qualities which make up the new era among men which is being waged so painfully and so uncompromisingly at the present moment on the soil of ,russia4 ,one holds the key to the other1 for no land but ,russia could have produced a ,tolstoi1 and in no land but ,russia could ,tolstoi have been so embraced and so absorbed4 ,they are both flesh of each other's flesh1 and ,i place them equally in greatness against each other4 ,great and wonderful as is the ,russian people1 so ,tolstoi was as great and wonderful as the ,russian people4 ,i say this knowing well the pain and impatience both felt for each other in the long eighty-two years of ,tolstoi's life here1 but it was the pain and the impatience of great love and infinite understanding1 of feeling and knowing each other's pulse-beats1 and not the misunderstanding of strangers4 ,it was the wise father doubting the impatient methods of his children2 it was the ardent children desiring and struggling to accomplish the wishes of the father and being lost in the maelstrom of an insistent reality4 ,the youth went faster than the father1 and yet so infinite and universal were the words of the latter that when the last summings-up are made both stand together in total harmony and agreement4 ,tolstoi at thirty took no part in the great educational agrarian movement of the latter ,fifties1 and even had a fine scorn for their exponents which did not leave him in his later years--witness the phrase against ,herzen and ,chernishevsky1 8raised to great men10 he said1 8and who ought to be grateful to the government and the censorship1 without which they would have been the most unnoticed of sketch-writers40 ,and yet it was ,herzen and ,chernishevsky and ,dobrolubov1 these 8sketch-writers10 who kept up the fire of agrarian reform and who practically forced the issue upon ,alexander ,,ii4 ,tolstoi ignored the whole revolutionary movement of that time2 even more than ignored it2 threw himself seemingly into the opposite camp1 leading the life of a gay fted hero returned from the ,crimean ,war4 ,but his ,morning of a ,landed ,proprietor shows that he was thinking deeply even at that time of the social problems around him1 only he was thinking more slowly than the rest4 ,he was just waking up to the fact that the peasant conditions needed improvement1 at the time when all around him the youth had passed to the idea that it was not an improvement that they needed1 but an absolute change in the fundamental ideas of property4 ,it took him forty years to say1 that you might as well ask him how to make use of the ownership1 or the labour or the rent of a bonded slave as to ask him for advice as to the problem of owning of land4 ,here was no reformer speaking1 but one who was united with the revolutionary thought around him4 ,but when the men of the ,sixties were making that answer for themselves1 and had won the first great step toward the change--the abolition of serfdom--,tolstoi was away altogether from his native land writing that great epoch of the ,war of #ahab--,war and ,peace4 ,it was because this great soul was undogmatic1 and reached out into the world not by mass thinking1 but marvellously enough entirely by himself1 laying his roots far and deep1 that he seemed so slow moving4 ,yet it was the direction and the end that counted1 and the end finds him1 like the race between the tortoise and the hare--that he is still ahead4 ,even ,russia will have far and long to travel to come to that kingdom of ,god on earth1 to that conception of the manifestation of the will of ,god on earth1 which is the spiritual ideal of ,tolstoi1 and toward which1 express it in any materialistic or naturalistic terms it may1 the ,russian nation has with one mind been working with such marvellous self-consciousness4 ,again1 after the emancipation of the serfs1 ,tolstoi seemed to fail the ,new ,russia1 interesting himself only at this moment with the education of the youth and the need of reform--ever the need of reform1 when already for over a decade the cry of ,russia was for new forms entirely1 new land arrangements1 new relations between man and man1 and man and his property4 ,the time had come1 they said1 for the ,will of the ,people to be made manifest4 ,but before ,tolstoi could decide on that1 he had to decide on a more fundamental problem of what his relation was to ,god1 as well as what his relation was to man4 ,in other words1 what were the true spiritual relations between man and man1 not only the economic1 political and social ones4 ,and it is this attempt to solve the real fundamental meaning to all relationship1 the very reason for the youth's outbursts against the economic1 political and social injustices that existed1 that kept him moving forward so slowly4 ,for he moved whole worlds at a step4 ,the only reason for life1 he said1 is the universal desire for well being1 which in man1 whose reason has awakened1 is expanded into a desire for universal welfare2 in other words1 for love4 ,for he knows that he is not a separate being1 but a part of a whole1 and therefore it is meaningless to think that he can obtain anything for himself alone4 ,it is only in struggling and attaining for the ,whole that he can find his true life4 ,the ,russian youth agreed with him entirely4 ,to their logic1 the struggle for universal welfare led to terrorism2 to ,tolstoi1 to the absolute non-resistance to evil by violence4 ,the youth said the will of ,god is being thwarted by a band of oppressors4 ,if we do away with the oppressors we can get together in mutual love4 ,tolstoi said that he who thinks he can violate the will of ,god for an immediate good is only short-sighted4 ,never at any moment can the will of ,god be thwarted and the good attained4 ,for a while the ,russian ,government rather approved of the ,tolstoyan attitude of non-resistance to evil4 ,the one who used the greatest amount of violence and evil of all1 was pleased to meet the philosophy which advised non-resistance to it4 ,but ,tolstoi grew and travelled in his long years and he had to change his conclusions1 so that his logic led him to that most self-conscious and difficult of all revolutionary movements1 passive-resistance4 ,take no part in violence1 he said2 therefore1 pay no taxes that support a government which violates1 and do not serve in the army which is an act of violence in itself4 ,it was then that ,tolstoi was looked upon with askance by the ,russian authorities and formerly anathematised from the church4 ,it was to his followers that the more drastic punishment of imprisonment and exile was meted out4 ,toward the latter years of his life1 his great human heart could not remain quite closed to the violence around him1 and religious thinker that he was1 he had to stop his meditations to cry out against the ,kishineff massacres of the ,jews and against the raising of the scaffolds and the tying of the 8,stolypine's neck-ties10 that most telling nick-name of the ,russian people for the noose1 which was tied even for school children on the crossroads of ,russia after the bitter failure of the revolution of #aije4 ,it was only in ,what ,is ,art8 that the ,russian people and ,tolstoi were unanimously at one4 ,art is to serve the people1 to be of the people1 to be something understandable by all people4 ,there were to be no dogmas for art1 no ,german metaphysics for art4 ,it was merely the means of expressing to his neighbour the mysteries that went on in the soul of the artist4 ,there was no quarrel here between his fellow countrymen and the great thinker4 ,everything was to be for the people2 the spiritual manifestations of life as well as the material4 ,how to make clear that for all this seeming lack of harmony1 there existed the greatest bond of all between this teacher and his children4 ,thousands in ,russia took his life as an example and left the vainglories of the city with all its false standards and went to live among the people4 ,they went not only to serve them but to be one of them1 to live by the sweat of their brow as the masses did1 because it was the only moral thing to do1 and because the greatest happiness lay in the spiritual values of life1 and because1 as ,tolstoi himself says1 8,it is good with them1 but with us it is shameful40 ,i remember so well the deep-set eyes and the long shaggy eyebrows of that all-knowing seer1 as he sat on the veranda of his home in ,yasnaya ,polyana one ,may afternoon in #aijf1 and told us that he was a religious thinker and not a political one but that to his mind the revolution in ,russia would take fifty years to develop4 ,and with that fine scorn for parliamentarism which would have rejoiced the heart of any syndicalist1 he added that that which we were witnessing now1 the assembling of the first ,duma1 was only the first scene of the first act of a five act drama and it was high comedy6 ,the second scene followed soon and turned out to be bitter tragedy1 and before it was quite over ,tolstoi wandered off on that last pilgrimage which ended in the little railway station of ,ostopova4 ,he succumbed at last to that 8temptation0 he speaks of so freely in his ,journal1 to leave his home conditions1 negate himself entirely1 and find himself again1 merged and at one with the ,whole4 ,and the ,great ,deliverer came and offered him even a greater fusion with all1 giving him that 8other post10 the 8new appointment0 he so ardently prayed for in life4 ,when that happened he became at once clear and lucid even to those nearest him--who had criticised him the most4 ,the ,russian youth was disconsolate4 ,our spiritual guide is gone1 they cried4 ,who will hold up the candle for us now8 ,what black night is there in the world1 and how to grope our way in it alone6 ,how lonely it was without that spiritual guide6 ,the first act of the ,march ,revolution was to redecorate the grave of ,tolstoi in the forest of ,zakaz1 to make the sacred pilgrimage to his resting place and tell the father of the good news--the will of ,god is being established1 reason is awakened in man4 ,love toward neighbour2 nay1 the greatest of all1 love toward enemies1 is being accomplished4 ,it is with a feeling of reverence that ,i bring this gift of the inner soul of ,tolstoi to the ,english-speaking public4 ,the very formlessness of the phrases of this ,journal helps toward a sincerity of thought which shows itself pure by its nakedness4 ,tolstoi himself knew the value of these documents1 for one man was to him as another1 and the sincere gropings of a man's reason toward the understanding of the meaning of life was of value even if they were his own1 and especially if they were of one who had lived much and thought much as he did4 8,it is especially disagreeable to me10 he writes1 8when people who have lived little and thought little do not believe me1 and1 not understanding me1 argue with me about moral problems4 ,it would be the same for which a veterinary surgeon would be hurt if people who were not familiar with his art would argue with him40 ,and ,tolstoi knew that he knew his art1 he knew consciously1 since the spiritual awakening that came to him in the ,eighties1 the great mission to which he dedicated his life--to find a moral justification of living--and it is therefore that he laid special stress in the disposal of these documents for the public after his death4 ,the volume here printed is only four years of over sixty years of ,journal which he kept since his early twenties4 ,they are published first1 because it is only with the ,journal beginning #ahij that his editor and friend1 ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov1 has the copied manuscripts in their entirety--from that date up to ,tolstoi's death in #aiaj4 ,over and over again in his life1 ,tolstoi attempted to make special and legal provision for his journals and notebooks1 as he calls them1 that they be given and spread free to the public1 and he designated his friend and follower1 who has edited and published this volume in ,russian1 as the practical inheritor and executor of these manuscripts4 ,he was to publish them in their entirety1 except for certain revisions so that there should be preserved1 as ,tolstoi expressed it1 that which ought to be preserved and there should be thrown out that which ought to be thrown out4 8,i know10 he wrote to ,chertkov1 ,february #h1 #aijj1 8that no one bears such an esteem1 respect and love for my spiritual life and its expression as you do4 ,i always said it and now ,i write it in my notes which express my wishes after my death1 asking you especially1 and only you1 to undertake the revision of my papers40 ,this ,chertkov has done exceedingly well in the original ,russian edition1 giving in double brackets the number of the words he left out1 which seemed to him necessary on account of their too intimate character4 ,these places ,i have merely indicated by three points4 ,unfortunately the ,russian volume was printed under the old rgime and deletions had to be made on account of the censor1 which1 because of the difficulty of communication during the war1 it was impossible to fill in4 ,these places are also designated in this volume by three points1 but in the ,russian edition they are given in double parenthesis1 also enclosing the number of the words left out4 ,so that a record of all omissions have been kept4 ,the problem of disposing of these documents after his death according to his principles against copyrights1 occupied ,tolstoi for many years4 ,the ,russian law nullified any such disposal of property1 for legally the inheritor had to be a fixed person 8and works to be disposed of free to all0 meant nothing4 ,he therefore wrote many wills1 defining and modifying his position in all possible ways so that his ideas might be carried out1 and in such a form that they could not be frustrated by any one4 ,his plans were threefold3 #a4 ,that all his works written after #ahha as well as all his writings written before that year 7the year that marks his spiritual regeneration7 but not published until later or not published at all up to his death1 should be no one's property1 but be given free to the public for printing and translation4 #b4 ,that all his manuscripts and documents 7among that number the journals1 first drafts of books1 letters1 etc417 which would remain after his death should be given over to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov1 who was to revise them and arrange them in suitable form for publication4 #c4 ,that the estate of ,yasnaya ,polyana should be given over to the peasants4 ,tolstoi's first idea was that ,chertkov should be one of the legal inheritors1 together with the ,countess ,tolstoi1 his wife4 ,but ,chertkov refused for various personal reasons1 he says1 but mainly because he thought that the arrangement for the transfer of property could be best facilitated and could be more delicately managed if some one member of the ,tolstoi family was designated instead of an outsider4 ,tolstoi1 therefore1 designated as his legal inheritor his youngest daughter ,alexandra1 who stood in close sympathy with him in his spiritual ideas1 and1 in case of her death before his own1 his eldest daughter ,tatiana4 ,he hoped that his daughters1 together with the ,countess ,tolstoi1 would fulfil his requests concerning the disposal of his posthumous documents and the gift of the estate according to his wishes4 ,after ,tolstoi's death the estate was given to the peasants by means of the sale of most of the posthumous documents which enabled his daughter ,alexandra to buy back the estate from the family and give it to the peasants as directed by ,tolstoi1 but in the matter of the journals it was more difficult to arrange from the fact that the ,countess ,tolstoi placed all these journals and notebooks in the ,moscow ,historical ,museum on the ground that they were a gift of ,tolstoi to her during his lifetime and that therefore she had a right to dispose of them as she thought best4 ,the matter would have taken only a legal process in the court to disentangle1 a thing which the ,countess ,alexandra ,tolstoi did not wish to undertake as being against the spirit of her father to use legal force to come to an agreement4 ,chertkov1 therefore1 was forced to use only such copies of the original journals and notebooks which he happened to have in his possession4 ,the present volume is made from a copy done by the hands of the ,prince and ,princess ,obolensky1 the son-in-law and daughter of ,tolstoi1 who also stood very near to ,tolstoi spiritually1 were conscientious in their fulfilment of such tasks for him1 and who knew his handwriting very well4 ,the original documents are still in the ,moscow ,historical ,museum1 but ,chertkov has promised to publish the volumes and journals which he has from the years #aijj to #aiaj1 and has already brought out a second volume of this series1 which dates from ,tolstoi's early years in the twenties4 ,whatever value this volume has as a historical and exact transcript of ,tolstoi's original jottings-down as they came to him1 it has much more value as a transcript of the thoughts of a great ,russian which have so permeated his people that they are now being rewritten on the pages of ,russian history4 ,it is because the blood of his brother calls to him from under the ground1 that the ,russian has undertaken to advance one step nearer to the fulfilment of the great law--to live together in harmony1 to serve his brother and to do the one work--which is the one work for all1 to love4 ,the hundred-years readiness for sacrifice for the common good1 the willingness to go to exile and death of four generations of men and women1 the red flag now flying over the ,winter ,palace in ,petrograd with the letters of gold1 8,proletarians of all ,nation ,unite10 the insistent call to the peoples of the world to overthrow all oppressors and live together in mutual harmony1 the trumpet calls of a democracy whose tones are so strange and new1 that we across the borders seem not to hear or understand them1 all have their spiritual counterpart in the pages of this book4 ,it is ,russia that speaks here4 ,i must give my thanks to ,mr4 ,alexander ,gourevich who so carefully compared the original text and ,english translation1 and to ,mr4 ,joseph ,peroshnikoff who patiently revised the notes and assisted in the compilation of the index4 ,,rose ,,strunsky4 ,new ,york1 ,may1 #aiag4 ,,contents ,introduction--,rose ,strunsky1 v ,journal1 #c #ahie1 ,october1 #c 8 ,november1 #d 8 ,december1 #h #ahif1 ,january1 #ai 8 ,february1 #ba 8 ,march1 #bi 8 ,may1 #ca 8 ,june1 #ef 8 ,july1 #fa 8 ,september1 #gj 8 ,october1 #gd 8 ,november1 #hg 8 ,december1 #ii #ahig1 ,january1 #aac 8 ,february1 #aag 8 ,march1 #acd 8 ,april1 #acg 8 ,may1 #aci 8 ,july1 #adj 8 ,august1 #add 8 ,september1 #adh 8 ,october1 #aej 8 ,november1 #afc 8 ,december1 #agg #ahih1 ,january1 #aic 8 ,february1 #aii 8 ,march1 #baj 8 ,april1 #bai 8 ,may1 #bbf 8 ,june1 #bcb 8 ,july1 #bdc 8 ,august1 #bdf 8 ,november1 #bef #ahii1 ,january1 #bfi 8 ,february1 #bfi 8 ,june1 #bgj 8 ,july1 #bgf 8 ,september1 #bgg 8 ,october1 #bhc 8 ,november1 #bia 8 ,december1 #bib ,explanatory ,notes to ,text1 by ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov1 #bii ,a short ,sketch of the ,life of ,tolstoi at the ,end of the ,nineties1 by ,c4 ,shokor-,trotsky1 #chg ,index1 #dji ,,the ,,journal ,,of ,,leo ,,tolstoi ,october-,december #ahie ,,the ,,journal ,,of ,,leo ,,tolstoi ,i continue#a;,a ,october #bh4 ,yasnaya ,polyana4 ,have been thinking3 ,have been thinking one thing3 that this life which we see around us is a movement of matter according to fixed1 well-known laws2 but that in us we feel the presence of an altogether different law1 having nothing in common with the others and requiring from us the fulfilment of its demands4 ,it can be said that we see and recognise all the other laws only because we have in us this law4 ,if we did not recognise this law1 we would not recognise the others4 ,this law is different from all the rest1 principally in this1 that those other laws are outside of us and forces us to obey them2 but this law is in us--and more than in us2 it is our very selves and therefore it does not force us when we obey it1 but on the contrary frees us1 because in following it we become ourselves4 ,and for this reason we are drawn to fulfil this law and we sooner or later will inevitably fulfil it4 ,in this then consists the freedom of the will4 ,this freedom consists in this1 that we should recognise that which is--namely that this inner law is ourselves4 ,this inner law is what we call reason1 conscience1 love1 the good1 ,god4 ,these words have different meanings1 but all from different angles mean one and the same thing4 ,in our understanding of this inner law1 the son of ,god1 consists indeed the essence of the ,christian doctrine4 ,the world can be looked upon in this way3 a world exists governed by certain1 well-known laws1 and within this world are beings subject to the same laws1 but who at the same time bear in themselves another law not in accord with the former laws of the world1 a higher law1 and this law must inevitably triumph within these beings and defeat the lower law4 ,and in this struggle and in the gradual victory of the higher law over the lower1 in this only is life for man and the whole world4 ,oct4 #bi4 ,yasnaya ,polyana4 ,if ,i live4#b ,a ,these superior figures refer to the editor's notes which begin on page #bii4 ,nov4 #e4 ,y4 ,p4 ,i have skipped #f days4 ,it seems to me1 ,i thought little during this time3 ,i wrote a little1 chopped wood and was indisposed--but lived through much4 ,i lived through much1 because in fulfilling a promise to ,s4#c1 ,i read through all my journals for the past seven years4 ,it seems to me1 ,i am approaching a simple and clear expression of that by which ,i live4 ,how good that ,i didn't finish the ,catechism6#d ,i think ,i shall write it differently and better1 if the ,father wishes it4 ,i understand why it is impossible to say it quickly4 ,if it could be said all at once1 by what then would we live in the realm of thought8 ,it will never be given me to go farther than this task4 ,i just took a walk and understood clearly why ,i can't make ,resurrection go better3 it was begun falsely4 ,i understood this in thinking over again the story3 ,who is ,right8#e 7about children74 ,i understood that one must begin with the life of the peasants1 that they are the subject1 they are positive1 but that the other thing is shadow1 the other thing is negative4 ,and ,i understood the same thing about ,resurrection4 ,one must begin with her4#f ,i want to begin immediately4 ,during this time there were letters3 from ,kenworthy1#g a beautiful one from ,shkarvan1#h and from a ,dukhobor in ,tiflis4#i ,have written to no one for a long time4 ,general indisposition and no energy4 ,the stage manager and the decorator#aj were here1 students from ,kharkov against whom ,i think ,i did not sin1 ,ivan ,ivanovich ,bochkarev1#aa ,kolasha4#ab444 ,nov4 #f4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,november #g4 ,y4 ,p4 ,i wrote a little these two days on the new ,resurrection4 ,my conscience hurts when ,i remember how trivially ,i began it4 ,so far1 ,i rejoice when ,i think of the work as ,i am beginning it4 ,i chopped a little4 ,i went to ,ovsiannikovo1 had a good talk with ,maria ,alexandrovna#ac and ,ivan ,ivanovich4#ad ,waltz's assistant was here and a ,frenchman with a poem4444 ,november #h1 #i4 ,y4 ,p4 ,have written little on ,resurrection4 ,i was not disappointed1 but ,i was weak4 ,yesterday ,dunaev#ae came4 ,chopped much yesterday1 overtired myself4 ,to-day ,i walked4 ,i went to ,constantine ,bieli's4#af ,he is very much to be pitied4 ,then ,i walked in the village4 ,it is good with them1 but with us it is shameful4 ,wrote letters4 ,wrote to ,bazhenov#ag and three others4 ,thought3 #a7 ,the confirmation of the fact1 that reason liberates the latent love in man for justice is the proverb1 8,comprendre c'est tout pardoner40 ,if you forgive a man1 you will love him4 ,to forgive means to cease to condemn and to hate4 #b7 ,if a man believes something at the word of another1 he will lose his belief in that which he would have inevitably believed in1 had he not trusted the other one4 ,he who believes in 444 etc41 ceases to believe in reason4 ,they even say straight out1 one ought not to believe in reason4 #c7 444 ,a very interesting letter from ,holland1 about what a youth is to do who is called to military service1 when he is the sole supporter of his mother4#ah ,november #aj4 ,y4 ,p4 ,slept with difficulty4 ,weakness both physical and intellectual and--for which ,i am at fault--also moral4 ,rode horseback4 ,posha#ai arrived4444 ,a wonderful ,french pamphlet about war4#bj ,yes1 #bj years are needed for that thought to become a general one4 ,my head aches and seems to crackle and rumble4 ,father1 help me when ,i am most weak that ,i may not fall morally4 ,it is possible4 ,nov4 #aa4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,i write and think3 it is possible that ,i won't be4 ,every day ,i make attempts1 and ,i get more accustomed to it4 ,to-day ,november #ae4 ,i have been so weak all the time ,i could write nothing except a few letters4 ,a letter to ,shkarvan4 ,there have been here1 ,dunaiev1 ,posha1 ,maria ,vasilievna4#ba ,they left yesterday4 ,yesterday also ,i went to see ,maria ,alexandrovna2 she is ill4 ,to-day ,aunt ,tanya#bb and ,sonya came4 ,i didn't sleep at night and therefore didn't work4 ,but ,i wrote on the girl ,konefsky#bc and a little in my journal4 ,i am reading ,schopenhauer's#bd 8,aphorisms40 ,very good4 ,only put 8,the service of ,god0 instead of 8,the recognition of the vanity of life10 and we agree4 ,now #b o'clock1 ,i shall write out later what ,i have noted down4#be ,december #g4 ,moscow4 ,almost a month since ,i have made any entries4 ,during this time we moved to ,moscow4 ,the weakness has passed a little1 and ,i am working earnestly1 though with little success1 on the ,declaration of ,faith4#bf ,yesterday ,i wrote a little article on whipping4#bg ,i lay down to sleep in the day and had just dozed off--,i felt as if some one jerked me2 ,i got up1 began to think about whipping1 and wrote it out4 ,during this time1 ,i went to the theatre#bh for the rehearsals of the ,power of ,darkness4 ,art1 beginning as a game1 has continued to be the toy of adults4 ,this is also proved by music1 of which ,i have heard much4 ,it is ineffectual4 ,on the contrary1 it detracts when there is ascribed to it the unsuitable meaning which is ascribed to it4 ,realism1 moreover1 weakens its significance 444 ,n4 refused to serve in the military4 ,i called on him4#bi ,philosophov#cj died4444 ,wrote several worthless letters4 ,i have thought during this time much--in meaning4 ,much of it ,i could not understand and have forgotten4 #a7 ,i have often wanted to suffer1 wanted persecution4 ,that means that ,i was lazy and didn't want to work1 so that others should work for me1 torturing me1 and ,i should only suffer4 #b7 ,it is terrible1 the perversions 444 of the mind to which men expose children for their own purposes during the time of their education4 ,the rule of conscious materialism is only explained by this4 ,the child is instilled with such nonsense that afterwards the materialistic1 limited1 false conception1 which is not developed to the conclusions which would show its falsity1 appears like an enormous conquest of the intellect4 #c7 ,i made a note1 8,violence frees10 and it was something very clear and important1 and now ,i don't remember what it was at all4 ,i have remembered4 ,december #bc4 ,violence is a temptation because it frees us from the strain of attention1 from the work of reasoning3 one must labour to undo a knot2 to cut it1 is shorter4 #d7 ,a usual perversion of reason1 which is made through a violently enforced faith1 is to make men satisfied either with idolatry or with materialism1 which at bottom is one and the same thing4 ,faith in the reality of our conceptions is faith in an idol1 and the consequences are the same2 one must bring sacrifices to it4 #e7 ,i can imagine consciousness transferred to the life of the spirit to such a degree that the sufferings of the body would be met gladly4 #f7 ,a beautiful woman smiles1 and we think that because she smiles she says something good and true when she smiles4 ,but often the smile seasons something entirely foul4 #g7 ,education4 ,it is worth while occupying oneself with education1 in order to find out all one's shortcomings4 ,seeing them1 you will begin to correct them4 ,but to correct oneself is indeed the best method of education for one's children and for others' and for grown-up people4 ,just now ,i read a letter from ,shkarvan#ca that medical help does not appear to him like a boon1 that the lengthening of many empty lives for many hundred years is much less important to him than the weakest blowing1 as he writes1 7a puff7 on the spark of divine love in the heart of another4 ,here then in this blowing1 lies the whole art of education4 ,but to kindle it in others1 one must kindle it in oneself4 #h7 ,to love means to desire that which the beloved object desires4 ,the objects of love desire opposing things1 and therefore1 we can only love that which desires one and the same thing4 ,but that which desires one and the same thing is ,god4 #i7 ,man beginning to live1 loves only himself1 and separates himself from other beings in that he constantly loves that which alone constitutes his being4 ,but as soon as he recognises himself as a separate being1 he recognises also his own love1 and he is no longer content with this love for himself and he begins to love other beings4 ,and the more he lives a conscious life1 the greater and greater number of beings he will begin to love1 though not with such a stable and unceasing love as that with which he loves himself1 but nevertheless1 in such a way that he wishes good to everything he loves1 and he rejoices at this good1 and suffers at the evil which tries the beloved beings1 and he unites into one all that he loves4 ,as life is love1 why not suppose that my 8self10 that which ,i consider to be myself and love with a special love1 is perhaps the union ,i made in a former life of things which ,i loved1 just as ,i am making a union of things now4 ,the other has already taken place and this one is taking place4 ,life is the enlargement of love1 the widening of its borders1 and this widening is going on in various lives4 ,in the present life1 this widening appears to me in the form of love4 ,this widening is necessary for my inner life and it is also necessary for the life of this world4 ,but my life can manifest itself not only in this form4 ,it manifests itself in an innumerable quantity of forms4 ,only this one is apparent to me4 ,but in the meantime1 the movement of life understood by me in this world1 through the enlargement of love in myself and through the union of beings through love1 produces at the same time other effects1 one or many1 unseen by me4 ,as for instance1 ,i put together #h toy cubes to make a picture on one side of them1 not seeing the other sides of the constructed cubes1 but on the other sides are being formed pictures just as regular1 though unseen by me4 7,all this was very clear when it came into my head1 and now ,i have forgotten everything and the result is nonsense47 #aj7 ,i have thought much about ,god1 about the essence of my life1 and it seemed ,i only doubted one and the other and believed in my own conclusions2 and then1 one time1 not long ago1 ,i simply had the desire to lean upon my faith in ,god and in the indestructibility of my soul1 and to my astonishment ,i felt so firm and calm a confidence1 as ,i have never felt before4 ,so that all my doubts and scrutinisings have evidently1 not only not weakened my faith1 but have strengthened it to an enormous degree4 #aa7 ,reason is not given that we should recognise what we ought to love2 this it won't disclose2 but only for this3 to show what we ought not to love4 #ab7 ,as in each piece of handiwork1 the principal art lies not in the regular making of certain things anew1 but in the ever bettering of the inevitable faults of a wrong and ruined work1 so even in the business of life1 the principal wisdom is not how to begin to act and how to lead life correctly1 but how to better faults1 how to liberate oneself from errors and seductions4 #ac7 ,happiness is the satisfaction of the requirements of a man's being living from birth to death in this world only2 but the good is the satisfaction of the requirements of the eternal essence living in man4 #ad7 ,the essence of the teachings of ,christ consists in this1 that man ought to know who he is2 that he should understand1 like a bird which does not use its wings and runs on the land1 that he is not a mortal animal1 dependent on the conditions of the world1 but like a bird which has understood that it has wings and has faith in them1 he should understand that he himself was never born and never died and always is1 and passes through this world in one of the innumerable forms of life to fulfil the will of ,him who sent him into this life4 ,dec4 #h4 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,mascha#cb is with ,ilia1#cc a loving letter from her to-day4 ,to-day ,december #bc4 ,moscow4 ,it is long since ,i have made an entry4 ,on the #cjth1 the ,chertkovs#cd came4 ,it is two days since ,kenworthy arrived4 ,he is very pleasant4444 ,have continued to write the ,declaration--am progressing4 ,off and on1 ,i think out the drama1#ce and yesterday ,i raved about it all night4 ,i am not well2 a bad cold in the head1 influenza4 ,because of the letter to the ,englishman1 ,i began also a letter on the collision between ,england and ,america4#cf ,have been thinking during this time3 #a7 ,i have been thinking especially clearly of that which ,i have already said many times2 that all the evil in the world comes only from this1 that people look upon themselves1 upon their own personality1 as a worthy object of their conscious life--upon themselves or upon a group of personalities1 it is all the same4 ,as long as a man lives for himself unconsciously1 he does no harm4 ,if there is a struggle1 then the struggle is an unconscious one which is ended at once when the struggle with surroundings is ended2 man adjusts himself to it or he goes under1 and this struggle is neither cruel nor is it an evil one4 ,the struggle begins to be cruel only when man directs his consciousness upon it1 prepares it1 strengthens and multiplies its energy tenfold and hundredfold4 ,as ,pascal says3 there are three kinds of people2 one kind know nothing and sit quietly1 and just as quiet are those who know2 but there are a middle kind who don't know but believe they do2 from them comes all the evil in the world4 ,they are the people in whom consciousness has awakened1 but they don't know how to use it4 #b7 ,the whole thing lies in this--that you should always remember who you are4 ,there is no situation so difficult1 from which the way out would not immediately offer itself1 if you only would remember that you are not a temporary1 material manifestation1 but an eternal omnipresent being4 8,i am the resurrection and the life3 he that believeth in me shall never die1 and though he were dead yet shall he live4 ,believest thou this80 ,i walked on the street4 ,a wretched beggar approached me4 ,i forgot who ,i was and passed by4 ,and then suddenly ,i remembered1 and just as naturally as the hungry begin to eat and the tired sit down1 ,i turned back and handed him something4 ,it is the same with the temptation to quarrel1 to insult1 to be vain4 #c7 ,one can not voluntarily cease to remain awake1 i4 e4 to fall asleep4 ,just as little can one voluntarily cease to live4 ,life is more important than the will1 than desire4 7,unclear47 #d7 ,receive with thankfulness the enjoyments of the flesh--all that you meet on the way1 if they are not sinful--in short1 if they do not go against your consciousness1 if they do not make it suffer4 ,but use the efforts of your will1 your liberty1 only to serve ,god4 ,i just wrote a letter to ,crosby4#cg ,he is working in ,america4 ,dec4 #bd4 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,yesterday ,i received the 8,open ,letter0 of ,spielhagen1 the ,socialist1 which appeared in the newspapers with regard to ,drozhin4#ch #ahif ,january #bc4 ,moscow4 ,just a month that ,i made no entries4 ,during this time ,i wrote a letter about patriotism#ci and a letter to ,crosby#dj and here now for two weeks ,i have been writing the drama4 ,i wrote three acts abominably4 ,i thought to make an outline so as to form a charpente4 ,i have little hope of success4 ,chertkov and ,kenworthy went away the #gth4 ,sonya went to ,tver to ,andrusha4#da ,to-day ,nagornov#db died4 ,i am again a little indisposed4 ,i jotted down during this time3 #a7 ,a true work of art--a contagious one--is produced only when the artist seeks1 strives4 ,in poetry this passion for representing that which is1 comes from the fact that the artist hopes that having seen clearly and having fixed that which is1 he will understand the meaning of that which is4 #b7 ,in every art there are two departures from the way1 vulgarity and artificiality4 ,between them both there is only a narrow path4 ,and this narrow path is outlined by impulse4 ,if you have impulse and direction1 you pass by both dangers4 ,of the two1 the more terrible is artificiality4 #c7 ,it is impossible to compel reason to examine and clarify that which the heart does not wish4 #d7 ,it is bad when reason wishes to give the meaning of virtue to selfish efforts4 ,kudinenko#dc was here4 ,a remarkable man4 ,n4 took the oath and is serving4#dd ,a letter from ,makovitsky#de with an article on the ,nazarenes4#df ,jan4 #bd4 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,jan4 #be4 ,moscow4 ,during these two days the chief event was the death of ,nagornov4 ,always new and full of meaning is death4 ,it occurred to me3 they represent death in the theatre4 ,does it produce #a_/a1jjj1jjj of that impression which the nearness of a real death produces8 ,i continue writing the drama4 ,i have written four acts4 ,all bad4 ,but it is beginning to resemble a real thing4 ,jan4 #bf4 ,mosc4 ,if ,i live4 ,january #bf4 ,moscow4 ,i am alive1 but ,i don't live4 ,strakhov--to-day ,i heard of his death4#dg ,to-day they buried ,nagornov--and that is news4 ,i lay down to sleep1 but could not sleep1 and there appeared before me so clearly and brightly1 an understanding of life whereby we would feel ourselves to be travellers4 ,before us lies a stage of the road with the same well-known conditions4 ,how can one walk along that road otherwise than eagerly1 gaily1 friendly1 and actively together1 not grieving over the fact that you yourself are going away or that others are going ahead of you thither1 where we shall again be still more together4 ,to-day ,i wrote a postscript to the letter to ,crosby4 ,a good letter from ,kenworthy4 ,unpleasantness with ,n4 ,he is a journalist4 ,jan4 #bf #bg84 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,almost a month that ,i have made no entries4 ,to-day1 ,feb4 #ac1 ,moscow4 ,i wanted to go to the ,olsuphievs4#dh4444 ,there is much bustle here and it takes up much time4 ,i sit down late to my work and therefore write little4 ,i finished somehow the fifth act of the drama and took up ,resurrection4 ,i read over eleven chapters and am gradually advancing4 ,i corrected the letter to ,crosby4 ,an event--an important one--,strakhov's death1 and something else--,davydov's conversation with the ,emperor4#di444444 ,the article by ,ertel#ej that the efforts of the liberals are useful1 and also the letter by ,spielhagen on the same theme1#ea provoke me4 ,but ,i can not1 ,i must not write4 ,i have no time4 ,the letters from ,sopotsko#eb and ,zdziekhovsky#ec on the ,orthodox ,church and on the ,catholic1 provoke me on the other hand4 ,however1 ,i shall hardly write4 ,but here yesterday ,i received a letter from ,grinevich's#ed mother on the religious bringing up of children4 ,that ,i must do4 ,at least ,i must use all my strength to do this4 ,very much music--it is useless4444 ,as regards religion1 ,i am very cool at present4 ,thought during this time 7much ,i have forgotten and have not written down73 #a7 ,oh1 not to forget death for a moment1 into which at any moment you can fall6 ,if we would only remember that we are not standing upon an even plain 7if you think we are standing so1 then you are only imagining that those who have gone away have fallen overboard and you yourself are afraid that you will fall overboard71 but that we are rolling on1 without stopping1 running into each other1 getting ahead and being got ahead of1 yonder behind the curtain which hides from us those who are going away1 and will hide us from those who remain4 ,if we remember that always1 then1 how easy and joyous it is to live and roll together1 yonder down the same incline1 in the power of ,god1 with ,whom we have been and in ,whose power we are now and will be afterwards and forever4 ,i have been feeling this very keenly4 #b7 ,there is no more convincing proof of the existence of ,god1 than the faculty of the soul by which we can transport ourselves into other beings4 ,out of this faculty flows both love and reason1 but neither one nor the other is in us1 but they are outside of us and we only coincide with them4 7,unclear47 #c7 ,the power to kill oneself is free play given to people4 ,god did not want slaves in this life1 but free workers4 ,if you remain in this life1 then it means that its conditions are advantageous to you4 ,if advantageous--then work4 ,if you go away from the conditions here1 if you kill yourself1 then the same thing will be put before you again there4 ,so there is nowhere to go4 ,it would be good to write the history of what a man lives through in this life who committed suicide in a past life2 how1 coming up against the same requirements which were placed before him in the other life1 he comes to the realisation that he must fulfil them4 ,and in this life he is more intelligent than in the others1 remembering the lesson given him4 #d7 ,how does it happen that a clever1 educated man believes in the nonsensical8 ,man thinks that which his heart desires4 ,only if his heart desires the truth1 and only if it does1 will he think the truth4 ,but if his heart desires earthly pleasures and peace1 he will think of that which will bring him earthly pleasures and peace or still something else4 ,but as it is not an attribute of man to have earthly pleasures and peace1 he will think falsely2 and to be able to think falsely he will hypnotise himself4 7,unclear1 not good47 ,feb4 #ad4 ,m4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,february #bb4 ,nicholskoe1 at the ,olsuphievs4#ee ,it is already more than a week that ,i feel depressed in spirit4 ,no life2 ,i can not work on anything4 ,father of my life and of all life6 ,if my work is already finished here1 as ,i am beginning to think1 and the ending of my spiritual life1 which ,i am beginning to feel1 means a transfer into that other life--that ,i am already beginning to live there and that here these remnants are being taken away little by little--then show it to me more clearly that ,i may not seek and weary myself4 ,otherwise it seems to me that ,i have many well-thought plans1 yet ,i have no means1 not only for carrying them through--this ,i know1 ,i ought not to think of--but even to do something good1 something pleasing to ,thee as long as ,i live here4 ,or give me strength to work with the consciousness of serving ,thee4 ,still1 ,thy will be done4 ,if only ,i always felt that life consisted only in the fulfilment of ,thy will1 ,i would not doubt4 ,but doubt comes because ,i bite the bit and don't feel the reins4 ,it is now #b o'clock4 ,i am going to dinner4 ,i took a walk1 slept in the morning1 read ,trilby4 ,and ,i want to sleep all the time4 ,during this time1 what has happened8 ,almost nothing4 ,i thought on the ,declaration of ,faith4 ,if ,i live4 ,february #bc4 ,nicholskoe4 ,to-day ,february #bg4 ,nicholskoe4 ,am writing the drama1 it moves very stiffly4 ,indeed ,i don't even know if ,i am progressing or not4444 ,i am very comfortable here2 the important thing--it is quiet4 ,read ,trilby--poor4 ,wrote letters to ,chertkov1 ,schmidt1#ef ,kenworthy4 ,read ,corneille--instructive4 ,have been thinking3 #a7 ,i made a note that there are two arts4 ,now thinking it over1 ,i don't find a clear expression of my thought4 ,then ,i thought that there was an art1 as they rightly characterise it1 which grew from play1 from the need of every creature to play4 ,the play of the calf is jumping1 the play of man is a symphony1 a picture1 a poem1 a novel4 ,this is one kind of art1 the art of play1 of thinking out new plays1 producing old ones and inventing new4 ,that is a good thing1 useful and valuable because it increases man's joys4 ,but it is clear that it is possible to occupy oneself with play only when sated4 ,thus society can only occupy itself with art1 when all its members are sated4 ,but as long as all its members are not sated1 there can not be real art1 there will be an art of the overfed1 a deformed one1 and an art of the hungry ones--rough and poor1 just as it is now4 ,and therefore1 in the first kind of art--of play--only that part is of value which is attainable to all1 which increases the joys of all4 ,if it is like this1 then it is not a bad thing1 especially if it does not demand an increase of toil on the part of the oppressed1 as happens now4 7,this could and should be expressed better47 ,but there is yet another art which calls forth in man better and higher feelings4 ,i wrote this just now--something ,i have said many times--and ,i think it isn't true4 ,art is only one and consists in this3 to increase the sinless general joys accessible to all--the good of man4 ,a nice building1 a gay picture1 a song1 a story give a little good2 the awakening of religious feelings1 of the love of good brought forth by a drama1 a picture1 a song--give great good4 ,the #bnd thing that ,i have been thinking about art1 is that nowhere is conservatism so harmful as in art4 ,art is one of the manifestations of the spiritual life of man1 and therefore1 as when an animal is alive1 it breathes and discharges the products of its breathing1 so when humanity is alive1 it manifests activity in art4 ,and therefore1 at every given moment it must be contemporaneous--the art of our time4 ,one ought only to know where it is 7not in the decadence of music1 poetry1 or the novel72 and one must seek it not in the past1 but in the present4 ,people who wish to show themselves connoisseurs of art and who therefore praise the past classic art and insult the present1 only show by this1 that they have no feeling for art4 #c7 ,rachinsky#eg says3 8,notice that contemporaneous with the spread of the use of narcotics1 since the #agth century1 the astounding progress of science began1 and especially of the natural ones40 ,is it not because of this1 ,i say to him1 that the false direction of science has come1 the studying of that which is not necessary to man1 but is only an object for idle curiosity1 or when useful1 is not the only thing really necessary8 ,is it not because of this that from that time on there was neglected the one thing that was necessary1 i4e4 the settling of moral questions and their application to life8 #d7 ,what is the good8 ,i only know a word in ,russian which defines this idea4 ,the good is the real good1 the good for all1 le veritable bien1 le bien de tous1 what is good for everybody4#eh #e7 ,men1 in struggling with untruth and superstition1 often console themselves with the quantity of superstition they have destroyed4 ,this is not right4 ,it is not right to calm oneself until all that is contradictory to reason and demands credulence is destroyed4 ,superstition is like a cancer4 ,everything must be cleaned out if one undertakes an operation4 ,but if a little bit is left1 everything will grow from it again4 #f7 ,the historic knowledge of how different myths and beliefs arose among peoples in different places and in different times ought to1 it seems1 destroy the faith that these myths and beliefs which have been inoculated in us from our infancy1 constitute the absolute truth2 but nevertheless1 so-called educated people believe in them4 ,how superficial then1 is the education of so-called educated people6 #g7 ,to-day at dinner there was talk about a boy with vicious inclinations who was expelled from school1 and about how good it would be to give him over to a reformatory4 ,it is exactly what a man does who lives a bad life1 harmful to his health1 and who1 when he becomes ill1 turns to the doctor so that the latter may cure him1 but has no idea that the illness was given to him as a beneficial indicator that his whole life is bad and that he ought to change it4 ,the same thing is true with the illnesses in our society2 every ill member of society does not remind us that the whole life of our society is irregular and that we ought to change it4 ,but we think that for every such ill member1 there is or ought to be1 an institution freeing us from this member or even bettering him4 ,nothing hampers the progress of humanity so much as this false conviction4 ,the more ill the society1 the more institutions there are for the healing of symptoms and the less anxiety for changing the entire life4 ,it is now #aj o'clock in the evening4 ,i am going to supper4 ,i want to work very much1 but am without intellectual energy2 a great weakness1 yet ,i want to work terribly4 ,if ,god would only give it to-morrow4 ,feb4 #bh4 ,nicholskoe4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,march #f4 ,nicholskoe4 ,all this time ,i have felt weakness and intellectual apathy4 ,i am working on the drama very slowly4 ,much has become clear4 ,but there isn't one scene with which ,i am fully satisfied4 ,to-day ,i was about to plan something silly3 to write out an outline of the ,declaration of ,faith4 ,of course it didn't go4 ,in the same way ,i began and dropped a letter to the ,italians4#ei ,during this time ,i jotted down3 #a7 ,corneille writes in his ,prface to ,menteur on art1 that its aim is a diversion1 8divertir10 but that it must not be harmful1 and if possible1 it ought to be educationally enlightening4 #b7 ,at supper there was a discussion on heredity3 they say vicious people are born from an alcoholic 444 7,i can't clearly express my thought and will put it by47 #c7 ,something very important4 ,i lay and was almost asleep1 suddenly something seemed to tear in my heart4 ,it occurred to me3 that is the way death comes from heart failure2 and ,i remained calm--,i felt neither grief nor joy1 but blessedly calm--whether here or there1 ,i know that it is well with me1 that things are as they ought to be1 just like a child1 tossed in the arms of its mother1 does not stop smiling from joy for it knows that it is in her loving arms4 ,and the thought came to me3 why is it so now and was not so before8 ,because before1 ,i did not live the whole of life1 but lived only an earthly life4 ,in order to believe in immortality1 one must live an immortal life here4 ,one can walk with one's feet and not see the precipice before one1 over which it is impossible to cross1 and one can rise on one's wings4444#fj 7,it isn't going and ,i don't feel like thinking47 ,march #g1 #ahif4 ,nicholskoe4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,may #b4 ,yasnaya ,polyana4 ,it is almost two months since ,i have made an entry4 ,all this time ,i lived in ,moscow4 ,of important events there were3 a getting closer to the scribe ,novikov#fa who changed his life on account of my books which his brother1 a lackey1 received from his mistress abroad4 ,a hot-blooded youth4 ,also his brother1 a working man1 asked for 8,what is my ,faith80 and ,tania#fb sent him to ,mme4 ,kholevinsky4#fc ,they took ,mme4 ,kholevinsky to prison4 ,the prosecuting attorney said that they ought to go after me4 ,all this together made me write a letter to the ministers of ,justice and the ,interior in which ,i begged them to transfer their prosecution to me4#fd ,all this time ,i wrote on the ,declaration of ,faith4 ,i made little progress4 ,chertkov1 ,posha ,biriukov were here and went away4 ,my relations with people are good4 ,i have stopped riding the bicycle4 ,i wonder how ,i could have been so infatuated4 ,i heard ,wagner's ,siegfried4#fe ,i have many thoughts in connection with this and other things4 ,in all ,i have jotted down #bj thoughts in my notebook4 ,still another important event--the work of ,african ,spier4#ff ,i just read through what ,i wrote in the beginning of this notebook4 ,at bottom1 it is nothing else than a short summary of all of ,spier's philosophy which ,i not only had not read at that time1 but about which ,i had not the slightest idea4 ,this work clarified my ideas on the meaning of life remarkably1 and in some ways strengthened them4 ,the essence of his doctrine is that things do not exist1 but only our impressions which appear to us in our conception as objects4 ,conception 7,vorstellung7 has the quality of believing in the existence of objects4 ,this comes from the fact that the quality of thinking consists in attributing an objectivity to impressions1 a substance1 and a projecting of them into space4 ,may #c4 ,y4 ,p4 ,let me write down anything4 ,am indisposed4 ,weakness and physical apathy4 ,but think and feel keenly4 ,yesterday at least1 ,i wrote a few letters3 to ,spier1#fg ,shkarvan1 ,myasoyedov1#fh ,perer1 ,sverbeev4#fi ,i am reading ,spier all the time1 and the reading provokes a mass of thoughts4 ,let me write out something at least from my #ba notes4 ,to-day ,i worked on the ,declaration of ,faith4 #a7 8,come and dwell in us and cleanse us of all evil0 444 ,on the contrary3 ,cleanse thy soul of evil thyself and ,he will come and dwell in thee4 ,he only waits for this4 ,like water he flows into thee in the measure as room is freed4 8,dwell in us40 ,how agonisingly lonely it is without ,thee--this ,i experienced these days and how peaceful1 firm and joyous1 needing nothing and no one when with ,thee4 ,do not leave me6 ,i can not pray4 ,his tongue is different from that which ,i speak1 but ,he will understand and translate it into ,his own when ,i say3 8,help me1 come to me1 do not leave me60 ,and here ,i have fallen into a contradiction4 ,i say you have to cleanse yourself1 then ,he will come4 ,but ,i1 not yet having cleansed myself1 call upon ,him4 ,may #d4 ,if ,i still live here1 ,y4 ,p4 ,may #e4 ,y4 ,p4 ,the same general despair4 ,and ,i am sad4 ,there is one cause2 the higher moral requirement that ,i put forward4 ,in its name ,i have rejected everything that is beneath it4 ,but it was not followed4 ,fifteen years ago ,i proposed giving away the greater part of the property and to live in four rooms4 ,then they would have an ideal4444 ,to-day ,i rode past ,gill4#gj ,i thought3 no undertaking is profitable with a small amount of capital4 ,the more capital1 the more profits2 the less expenses4 ,but from this it in no way follows that1 as ,marx says1 capitalism will lead to socialism4 ,perhaps it will lead to it1 but to one with force4 ,the workingmen will be compelled to work together1 and they will work less and the pay will be more1 but there will be the same slavery4 ,it is necessary that people work freely in common1 that they learn to work for each other1 but capitalism doesn't teach them that2 on the contrary1 it teaches them envy1 greed1 selfishness4 ,therefore1 through a forced uniting brought about by capitalism1 the material condition of the workers can be bettered1 but their contentment can in no way be established4 ,contentment can only be established through the free union of the workers4 ,and for this it is necessary to learn how to unite1 to perfect oneself morally1 to willingly serve others without being hurt when not receiving a return4 ,and this can't in any way be learned under the capitalistic1 competitive system1 but under an entirely different one4 ,i sleep alone downstairs4 ,to-morrow1 ,may #fth1 ,y4 ,p4 ,to-day1 ,may #i1 ,y4 ,p4 ,up to now1 ,i haven't yet written out all that ,i had to4 ,have been continually indisposed4 ,notwithstanding this1 ,i work in the mornings4 ,to-day1 it seemed to me ,i advanced very much4 ,our people have gone away1 some to the coronation1 others to ,sweden4#ga ,i am alone with ,masha2 she has a sore throat4 ,i am well4 ,may #aj1 ,if ,i live4 ,y4 ,p4 ,to-day1 ,may #aa1 ,y4 ,p4 ,sonya arrived from ,moscow4 ,i continue to write the ,declaration of ,faith4 ,it seems as if ,i were weakening4 ,to-day ,i received a letter from ,n1 a tangled up revolutionist4 ,in the evening ,i rode horseback to ,yasenki#gb and thought3 ,i have not yet written out everything from my notebooks4 ,i will jot down at least this1 the more so since1 when it came into my head it seemed to me very important4 ,namely3 #a7 ,spier says we know only sensations4 ,it is true1 the material of our knowledge is sensations4 ,but one must ask2 why variation of sensations 7even of one and the same sense of sight or touch74 ,he 7,spier7 insists too much that corporeality is an illusion1 and does not answer the question3 why variation of sensations8 ,it is not bodies that make variation of sensations1 ,i agree to this1 but it is just such beings as we1 who must be the cause of these sensations4 ,i know that what he recognises as our being he recognises as a unit4 ,good4 ,admitting it is a unit1 then it is a divided off1 broken off unit1 and ,i am a unit being only within certain limits4 ,and these limits of my being are the limits of other beings4 ,or1 one being is outlined by limits and these limits create sensations1 i4 e41 the material of knowledge4 ,there are no bodies1 bodies are illusions1 but other beings are not illusions and ,i recognise them through sensations4 ,their activity produces sensations in me and ,i conclude that the same effect is produced in them by my activity4 ,when ,i receive sensations from a man with whom ,i come in contact1 it can be understood2 but when ,i receive sensations from the earth upon which ,i fall1 from the sun which warms me1 what is it that produces these sensations in me8 ,probably the activities of beings whose life ,i do not understand2 but ,i recognise only a part of them like the flea on my body4 ,touching the earth1 feeling the warmth of the sun1 my limits come in contact with the limits of the sun4 ,i am in the world 7,i project this into space4 ,i can not do it otherwise though it is not so in reality7 like a cell1 not an immovable one1 but one wandering and touching by his limits1 not only the limits of other cells of the same kind1 but other enormous bodies4 ,better still1 not to project this into space2 ,i act and am acted upon by the greatest variety of beings2 or1 my division of a unit being associates with other divisions of the most various kinds4 7,what a lot of nonsense67 ,may #ab1 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,pentecost4 ,it is cold1 damp1 and not a leaf on the trees4 ,to-day already1 ,may #af1 ,y4 ,p4 ,morning4 ,i can not write my ,declaration of ,faith4 ,it is unclear1 metaphysical1 and whatever good there is in it1 ,i spoil4 ,i am thinking of beginning it all from the beginning again or to call a stop and get to work on a novel or a drama4 ,n4#gc was here2 it was a difficult love test4 ,i passed it only outwardly and even then badly4 ,if the examiner had gone along thoroughly1 skipping about1 ,i would have failed shamefully4 ,a beautiful article by ,menshikov1 8,the ,blunders of ,fear40#gd ,how joyous6 ,i can almost die1 even absolutely1 and yet it always seems as if there is something still to be done4 ,do it and the end will take care of itself4 ,if you are no longer fit for the work1 you will be changed and a new one will be sent and you will be sent to another work4 ,if only one rises in work6 ,strakhov ,th4 ,a4#ge was here4 ,the other one1 ,n41#gf came to me in my sleep4 ,i had a talk with him#gg about the ,declaration of ,faith4 ,in speaking to him ,i felt how hazy was the desire for the good in itself4 ,and ,i corrected it this way3 #a7 ,a man at a certain period of his development awakens to a consciousness of his life4 ,he sees that everything about him lives 7and he himself lived like that before the awakening of his reason7 without knowing its life4 ,now that he has learned that he lives1 he understands that force which gives life to the whole world and in his consciousness he coincides with it1 but being limited by his separate being 7his organism71 it seems to him that the purpose of this force which gives life to the world1 is the life of his separate being4 7,i thought that ,i would write it clearly and again ,i am confused2--evidently ,i am not ready47 ,life is the desire for the good4 7,everything that lives1 lives only because it desires the good2 that which does not desire the good1 does not live47 ,man1 when awakened to a reasoning consciousness1 is conscious of life in himself1 i4 e4 of the desire for the good4 ,but since this consciousness is engendered in the separate bodily being of man1 since man learns that life is the desire for the good when he is already separated from others by his bodily being1 therefore1 in the first awakening of man to a reasoning consciousness1 it seems to him that life1 i4 e4 the desire for the good which he recognises in himself1 has for its object his separate bodily being4 ,and man begins to live consciously for the good of his separate being1 begins to use that reason of his which revealed to him the essence of all life2 the desire for the good1 in order to secure the good for his own separate being4 ,but the longer a man lives1 the more obvious it becomes to him that his purpose is unattainable4 ,and therefore1 while he has not yet made clear to himself his error1 even before he recognises by reason the impossibility of the good for a separate personality1 man knows by experience and feeling the error of activity which is directed to the good of his own separate personality and he naturally strives that his life1 his desire for the good1 be drawn away from his own personality and brought over to other things2 to comrades1 friends1 family1 society4 ,this same reason which he desires to use for the attainment of the good for his own separate being1 shows man that this good is unattainable1 that it becomes destroyed by the struggle between the separate beings for the desired good1 destroyed by the unpreventable1 innumerable disasters and sufferings which threaten man1 and above all1 by the unavoidable illnesses1 sufferings1 old age and death which occur in the individual life of man4 ,no matter how man might expand his desire for the good to other beings1 he can not but see that all these separate beings are like him1 subject to unavoidable sufferings and death and therefore1 they1 just as he1 can not have real life by themselves4 ,and it is just this error of men who have awakened to the consciousness of life that the ,christian teaching dissipates1 in showing to man that as soon as a consciousness of life has awakened in him1 i4 e4 the desire for the good1 then his being1 his 8self0 is no longer his separate bodily being1 but that same consciousness of life1 the desire for the good not for himself1 which was born in his separate being4 ,the consciousness1 therefore1 of the desire for the good1 is the desire for the good for everything existent4 ,and the desire for the good for everything existent1 is ,god4 ,the ,christian teaching teaches just this1 that ,his son1 who resembles ,god1 and who was sent by the ,father into the world that the will of the ,father be fulfilled in him1 lives in man with an awakened consciousness 7the conversation with ,nicodemus47 ,the ,christian teaching reveals to man with an awakened consciousness1 that the meaning and the aim of his life does not consist1 as it seemed to him before1 in the acquiring of the greater good for his own separate personality or for other such personalities like him1 no matter how many they are1 but only in the fulfilment in this world of the will of the ,father who has sent man into the world--it reveals also to man the will of the ,father in regard to the son4 ,the will of the ,father in regard to the son is that there should be manifested in this world that desire for the good which forms the essence of his life1 so that man living in this world should wish the good to a greater and greater number of beings and consequently he should serve them as he serves his own good4 7,confused47 ,may #ag1 ,y4 ,p4 ,again ,i am dissatisfied with what ,i wrote yesterday and which seemed to me true and full4 ,last night and this morning ,i thought about the same thing4 ,here are the new things which have become clear to me3 #a7 ,that the desire for the good is not ,god1 but only one of ,his manifestations1 one of the sides from which we see ,god4 ,god in me is manifested by the desire for the good2 #b7 ,that this ,god which is enclosed in man1 begins to strive to free ,himself in broadening and enlarging the being in whom ,he dwells2 then1 seeing the impassable limits of this being1 ,he tries to free ,himself by going outside of this being and embracing other beings2 #c7 ,that a reasoning being cannot find room for himself in the life of an individual1 and that as soon as he becomes reasoning he tries to go out of it2 #d7 ,that the ,christian teaching reveals to man that the essence of his life is not his separate being1 but ,god1 which is enclosed in his being4 ,this ,god1 therefore1 becomes known to man through reason and love 444 ,i can not write any farther2 weak1 sleepy4 #e7 ,and above all1 that the desire for the good for oneself1 love for oneself1 could exist in man only up to the time when reason had not yet awakened in him4 ,but as soon as reason had wakened in him1 then it became clear to man that the desire for the good for himself--a separate being--was futile1 because the good is not realisable for a separate and mortal being4 ,just as soon as reason appeared1 then there became possible only one kind of desire for the good2 the desire for the good for all1 because with the desire for the good for all1 there is no struggle but union1 and no death but the transmission of life4 ,god is not love1 but in living1 unreasoning beings ,he is manifested through a love for oneself1 and in living1 reasoning beings1 through love for everything that exists4 ,i am now going to write out the #ba points from my notebooks4 #a7 ,in order to believe in immortality one has to live an immortal life here1 i4 e4 to live not towards oneself but towards ,god1 not for oneself1 but for ,god4 ,man1 in this life1 seems to be standing with one foot on a board and the other on the earth2 and as soon as his reason has awakened1 he sees that that board upon which he was just about to step lies over an abyss and it not only bends and creaks1 but is already falling and man transfers his weight to that foot which stands on the earth4 ,how not be afraid if one stands on that which bends and creaks and falls2 and how be afraid1 and of what to be afraid1 if you stand on that upon which everything falls and below which it is impossible to fall8 #b7 ,read about ,granovsky4#gh ,in our literature it is customary to say1 that during the reign of ,nicholas conditions were such that it was impossible to express great thoughts4 7,granovsky complains of this and others too47 ,but the thoughts there were not real4 ,it is all self-deception4 ,if all those ,granovskys1 ,bielinskys1#gi and others had anything to say1 they would have said it1 no matter what the obstacles4 ,the proof is ,herzen4#hj ,he went away abroad and despite his enormous talent1 what did he say that was new1 necessary8 ,all those ,granovskys1 ,bielinskys1 ,chernishevskys1#ha ,dobroliubovs1 who were raised to great men1 ought to be grateful to the government and the censorship without which they would have been the most unnoticed of sketch-writers4 ,perhaps the ,bielinskys1 ,granovskys1 and the other unimportant ones might have had something real within them1 but they stifled it1 imagining they had to serve society with the forms of social life and not to serve ,god by professing the truth and by preaching it without any care about the forms of social life4 ,let there be contents and the forms will shape themselves4 ,people acting thus1 i4 e4 adapting their striving for truth to the existing forms of society1 are like a being to whom wings have been given to fly1 without knowing obstacles1 and who used these wings in order to help itself in walking4 ,such a being would not attain its ends--every obstacle would stop it and it would spoil its wings4 ,and then this being would complain that it had been held back and would tell with sorrow 7like ,granovsky7 that it would have gone far if obstacles had not held it back4 ,the quality of real spiritual activity is such1 that it is impossible to hold it back4 ,if it is held back1 then it means only one thing3 it is not real4 #c7 ,man dying little by little 7growing old7 experiences that which a sprouting seed ought to experience which has not yet transferred its consciousness from the seed to the plant4 ,he feels that he grows less1 but he is not conscious of himself there where he increases2 in another life4 ,i am beginning to experience this4 #d7 ,i wrote down3 8,reason is a tool for the recognition of truth1 verification1 criticism40 ,i can't remember very well4 ,it seems to me1 and ,i am even certain of it1 that it is this3 ,under reason is understood many different intellectual activities and very complex ones1 and therefore the correctness of the solutions of reason is often doubted4 ,as an answer to this doubt1 ,i say1 that there is an activity of the reason which is not to be doubted1 namely1 the critical activity1 the activity of verifying what is told me4 ,they tell me that ,god 444 etc4 ,i submit this to the verification of reason and decide without doubt that that which is not reasonable does not exist for me4 ,it is wrong to say that everything which exists is reasonable1 or that everything which is reasonable exists1 but it is wrong not to say that that which is unreasonable does not exist for me4 #e7 ,it seems to man that his animal life is his real essence and that the spiritual life is the product of his animal one1 just as it seems to a man rowing in a boat that he is standing still and that the banks1 and the whole earth1 are running past him4 #f7 ,there is a goodness which wants to make use of the advantages of goodness and does not want to bear the disadvantages of it4 ,that is animal goodness4 #g7 ,christian truth1 they say1 can not be proved2 it must be believed4 ,as if it were easier to become convinced of the truth of the nonsensical than of the reasonable4 ,why deprive ,christianity of the power of convincing8 ,why8 #h7 ,nature1 they say1 is economical of its own forces2 by the least effort1 it attains the greatest results4 ,so is ,god4 ,to establish the ,kingdom of ,god on earth1 of union1 of serving one another--and to destroy hostility1 ,god does not have to do it himself4 ,he has placed ,his reason in man1 which frees love in man and everything which ,he desires will be done by man4 ,god does ,his work through us4 ,and there is no time for ,god--or there is infinite time4 ,when he has placed reasoning love in man1 he has already done everything4 ,why has ,he done this in this way through man1 and not by ,himself8 ,the question is stupid and one which never would have entered one's head if we were all not spoilt by absurd superstition4444 #i7 ,one of the most torturing spiritual sufferings is the not being understood by people when you feel yourself hopelessly alone in your thoughts4 ,there is consolation in this1 that you know that that very thing which people do not understand in you1 ,god understands4 #aj7 ,to carry over one's 8self0 from the bodily to the spiritual1 that means to consciously wish only the spiritual4 ,my body can unconsciously strive for the fleshly1 but ,i consciously desire nothing of the fleshly1 as when ,i do not desire to fall1 but can not but submit to the law of gravitation4 #aa7 ,if you have transferred your 8self0 to your spiritual being1 you will feel the same pain in violating love as you will feel physical pain when you violate the good of the body4 ,the indicator is just as direct and true4 ,and ,i already feel it4 #ab7 ,sin is the strengthening of the consciousness of life in one's separate being1 or the weakening of one's reasoning consciousness1 which shows the inconsistency of animal life4 ,for the first end1 the activity of reason is directed to the strengthening of the delusion of a separate life3 #a1 food2 #b1 lust2 #c1 vanity1 strengthened by reason4 ,for the second end1 are used the means of weakening reason3 tobacco1 opium1 wine4 #ac7 ,temptation is the assertion that it is permitted to violate love for the greater good3 #a1 to oneself2 it is necessary to feed1 cure1 educate1 calm oneself1 in order to be in condition to serve men1 and for this it is permitted to violate love2 #b1 one must secure1 preserve1 and educate the family1 and for this it is permitted to violate love2 #c1 one has to organise1 secure1 protect the community1 the state1 and for this it is permitted to violate love2 #d1 one has to contribute to the salvation of the souls of people by violent suggestion1 through education1 and for this it is permitted to violate love4 #ad7 ,the essay on art has to be begun with a discussion of the fact1 that for the picture here1 which it has cost the master #ajjj working days1 he is given #dj thousand working days3 for an opera1 a novel1 still more4 ,and then1 some say of these works1 that they are beautiful2 others1 that they are absolutely bad4 ,and there is no incontestable criterion4 ,there is no such argument about water1 food1 and good works4 ,why is that so8 #ae7 ,what is the result of a man recognising as his 8self0 not his own separate being1 but ,god living in him8 ,in the first place1 not consciously desiring the good for his own separate being1 that man will not1 or will less eagerly1 take the good away from others2 in the second place1 having recognised as his 8self0 ,god1 who desires the good for all that exists1 man also will desire it4 #af7 ,why do people hold on so passionately to the principle of family1 the producing and bringing up of children8 ,because to a man who has not yet transferred his consciousness from his separate being to that of ,god1 it is the only seemingly satisfactory explanation of the meaning of life4 #ag7 ,the meaning of life becomes clear to man when he recognises as himself1 his divine essence which is enclosed in his bodily envelope4 ,the meaning of this lies in the fact that this being1 striving for its emancipation1 for the broadening of the realm of love1 accomplishes through this broadening the work of ,god1 which consists in the establishment of the ,kingdom of ,god on earth4 #ah7 ,violence can neither weaken nor strengthen a spiritual movement4 ,to act on spiritual activity by force is just like catching the rays of the sun--no matter how you cover them1 they will always be on top4 #ai7 ,i have noted down3 8,do you imagine your life in the wood which is being burned down or in the fire which burns80 ,it is this way3 you get the wood ready1 and then you are sorry to use it2 in the same way you get yourself ready and then you are sorry4 ,but the comparison is not good1 because fire comes to an end4 ,a better comparison would be with food2 do you imagine your life in food or in that which is being fed8 ,is not that the meaning of the words of ,st4 ,john about 8my body01 which ought to be food8 ,man is food for ,god if he gives himself to ,god4 7,unclear2 nonsense47 #bj7 ,the principal aim of art1 if there is art1 and if it has an aim1 is to manifest and to express the truth about man's soul1 to express those mysteries which it is impossible to express simply by speech4 ,from this springs art4 ,art is a microscope which the artist fixes on the mysteries of his soul and shows to people those mysteries which are common to all4 #ba7 ,love1 enclosed in man and freed by reason1 manifests itself in two ways3 #a1 by its expansion1 and #b1 by the establishment of the ,kingdom of ,god4 ,it is steam which1 in spreading1 works4 #bb7 ,lately1 ,i have begun to feel such firmness and strength1 not my own1 but that of that ,god's work which ,i wish to serve1 that the irritation1 the reproaches1 the mocking people hostile to the work of ,god1 is strange to me2 they are pitiable1 touching4 #bc7 ,the world1 living unconsciously1 and man1 in the period of his childhood1 performed unconsciously the work of ,god4 ,having awakened to consciousness1 he does it consciously4 ,in the collision between the two methods of serving1 man ought to know that the unconscious passes and will pass into the conscious and not the opposite and that therefore it is necessary to give oneself over to the future and not to the past4 7,stupid47 #bd7 ,the delusion of man who has awakened to consciousness and who continues to consider his own separate being as himself1 is that he considers a tool as himself4 ,if you feel pain at the disturbing of the good of your separate being1 it is as if you felt on your hand the blows on the tool with which you work4 ,the tool has to be taken care of1 ground1 but not to be considered as oneself4 #be7 ,god ,himself is economical4 ,he has to penetrate all with love4 ,he has fired man alone with love and has placed him in the necessity of firing all the rest4 #bf7 ,nothing affects the religious outlook so much as the way we look upon the world2 whether with a beginning and an end1 as it was looked upon in antiquity1 or infinite as it is looked upon now4 ,in a finite world1 one can construct a reasonable rle for separate mortal man1 but in an infinite world the life of such a being has no meaning4 #bg7 7,for ,konevsky7 ,it happens to ,katiusha after her resurrection1 that she has certain periods in which she smiles slyly and lazily as if she had forgotten all which she considered true before2 she is merely joyous and wants to live4 #bh7 ,to him who lives a spiritual life entirely1 life here becomes so uninteresting and burdensome that he can part with it easily4 #bi7 ,natasha ,strakhov#hb asks her father1 when he speaks of something which happened when she was not yet born3 8,where was ,i then80 ,i would have answered3 8,you were asleep and had not yet waked up here40 ,conception1 birth1 childhood are only a preparation to an awakening1 which we see1 but not the sleeping ones4 #cj7 ,the error in which we find ourselves when we consider our separate beings as ourselves is the same as when a traveller counts only one stage as the whole road1 or a man1 one day as his whole life4 #ca7 ,read about 444 and was horrified at the conscious deception of men 444 #cb7 8,an eraser40 ,i have forgotten4 ,i shall recall it4 ,have written up to dinner4 ,it is now #b o'clock and ,i am going to dine4 ,may #bh1 ,ysn4 ,pol4 #ab o'c4 noon4 ,it is already several days that ,i am struggling with my work#hc and am making no progress4 ,i sleep4 ,i wanted to scribble it somehow to the very end1 but ,i can't possibly do it4 ,am in a wretched mood1 aggravated by the emptiness1 by the poor1 self-satisfied1 cold emptiness of my surrounding life4 ,in the meantime ,i have been to ,pirogovo4#hd ,i have a most joyous impression2 my brother ,sergei#he has undoubtedly had a spiritual transformation4 ,he himself has formulated the essence of my faith 7and he evidently recognises it as true for himself72 to raise in oneself the spiritual essence and to subject to it the animal element4 ,he has a miraculous ikon and he was tortured by his undefined attitude to it4 ,the little girls#hf are very good and live seriously4 ,masha has been infected by them4 ,later there were at our house3 ,salamon1#hg ,tanyee4#hh444 ,a terrible event in ,moscow--the death of three thousand#hi--;,i somehow can not express myself as ,i ought to4 ,i am indisposed all the time1 getting weaker4 ,in ,pirogovo1 there was the harnessmaker1 an intelligent man4 ,yesterday a working-man came from ,tula1 intelligent4 ,i think a revolutionist4 ,to-day a seminary student1 a touching case4 ,i am advancing very1 very badly in my work4 ,rather boring letters because they demand polite answers4 ,i have written to ,bondarev1#ij ,posha1 and to some one else4 ,o yes2 ,officer ,n4 was here too4 ,i think ,i was useful to him4 ,splendid notes by ,shkarvan4#ia ,yesterday there was a letter from poor ,n4#ib1 whom they have driven off to the ,persian frontier1 hoping to kill him4 ,god help him4 ,and don't forget me4 ,give me life1 life1 i4 e4 a conscious1 joyful serving of ,thee4 ,in the meantime1 ,i thought1 #a7 ,it is remarkable how many people see some insoluble problem in evil4 ,i have never seen any problem in it4 ,for me it is now altogether clear that that which we call evil is that good1 the action of which we don't yet see4 #b7 ,the poetry of ,mallarm1#ic and others4 ,we who don't understand it1 say boldly that it is humbug1 that it is poetry striking an impasse4 ,why is it that when we hear music which we don't understand and which is just as nonsensical1 we don't say that boldly1 but say timidly3 yes1 perhaps one ought to understand it or prepare oneself for it1 etc4 ,that is silly4 ,every work of art is only a work of art when it is understandable1 ,i do not say for all1 but for people standing on a certain level of education1 on the same level as the man who reads poetry and who judges it4 ,this reasoning leads me to an absolutely certain conclusion that music before any other art 7decadence in poetry and symbolism and other things in painting7 has lost its way and struck an impasse4 ,and he who has turned it from the road was that musical genius ,beethoven4 ,the principal factors are the authorities and people deprived of sthetic feeling who judge art4 ,goethe8 ,shakespeare8#id ,everything that goes under their names is supposed to be good and on se bt les flancs in order to find something beautiful in the stupid and the unsuccessful1 and taste is entirely perverted4 ,and all these great talents--,goethe1 ,shakespeare1 ,beethoven1 ,michael-,angelo--side by side with exquisite things1 produced not only mediocre ones1 but disgusting ones4 ,the mediocre artists produce a mediocrity as regards value and never anything very bad4 ,but recognised geniuses create either really great works or absolute stuff and nonsense2 ,shakespeare1 ,goethe1 ,beethoven1 ,bach1 and others4 #c7 ,to place before myself the most complex and confused thing which demands my participation4 ,on all sides it seems there exist insoluble dilemmas2 it is bad one way and worse the other4 ,and it is only necessary to carry over the problem from the outer realm into the inner1 into one's own life1 to understand that this is only an arena for my inner perfection1 that it is a test1 a measure of my moral development1 an experiment as to how much ,i can and want to do the work of ,god1 the enlargement of love1 and everything resolves itself so easily1 simply1 joyously4 #d7 ,a mistake 7sin7 is the use of reason1 given me to recognise my essence in the love for everything which exists1 in acquiring the good for my separate being4 ,as long as man lived without a reasoning consciousness1 he fulfilled the will of ,god in acquiring the good for himself and in struggling for it and there was no sin2 but as soon as reason had awakened1 then there was sin4 #e7 ,the harness-maker1 ,mikhailo1 says to me that he does not believe in a future life1 that he thinks that when a man dies1 his spirit will leave him and will go away4 ,but ,i say to him3 8,well1 go off then with this spirit2 then you won't die40 ,may #bi1 ,ysn4 ,pol4 ,if ,i live4 ,it seems to me1 ,june #f1 ,ysn4 ,pol4 ,the principal thing is that during this time ,i have advanced in my work1#ie and am advancing4 ,i write on sins and the whole work is clear to the end4 ,finished ,spier--splendid4 ,the economic movement of humanity by three means3 the destruction of ownership of land according to ,henry ,george#if2 the inheritance which would give over accumulated wealth to society1 if not in the first generation1 then in the second2 and a similar tax on wealth on an excess of over #ajjj rubles income for a family or #bjj for each man4 ,to-day the ,chertkovs arrived4 ,galia#ig is very good4 ,the day before yesterday a gendarme came1 a spy1 who confessed that he was sent after me4 ,it was both pleasant and nasty4#ih ,during this time have thought principally the following3 #a7 ,when a man lives an animal life1 he does not know that ,god lives through him4 ,when reason awakens in him1 then he knows it4 ,and knowing it1 he becomes united with ,god4 #b7 ,man in his animal life has to be guided by instinct2 reason directed to that which is not subject to it1 will spoil everything4 #c7 ,is not luxury a preparing for something better1 when there is already a sufficiency8 ,yesterday was not the #fth1 but the #hth4 ,to-day1 ,june #i1 ,y4 ,p4 ,i have written little and not very well4 ,it seems to me that it is getting clearer4 ,in the morning ,i had a conversation with the workingmen who came for books4 ,i remembered the woman who asked to write to ,john of ,kronstad4#ii ,the religion of the people is this3 there is a ,god and there are gods and saints4 7,christ came on earth1 as a peasant told me to-day1 to teach people how and to whom to pray47 ,the gods and the saints perform miracles1 have power over the flesh and perform heroic deeds and good works1 and the people have only to pray1 to know how and to whom to pray4 ,but people can not perform good works1 they can only pray4 ,here is their whole faith4 ,i bathed and don't feel well4 ,june #ai1 ,y4 ,p4 ,have been feeling weak all this time and sleep badly4 ,posha came yesterday4 ,he spoke about the ,khodinka accident well1 but wrote it badly4 ,our very idle1 luxurious life oppresses me4 ,n4 came4 ,a stranger4 ,he is young and he does not understand in the same way as ,i do1 that which he understands1 although he agrees with everything4 ,finished the first draft#ajj on the #acth of ,june4 ,now ,i am revising it1 but am working very little4 444 ,struggled with myself twice and successfully4 ,oh1 if it were always so6 ,once ,i passed beyond ,zakaz#aja at night and wept for joy1 being grateful for life4 ,the pictures of life in ,samara stand out very clearly before me2 the steppes1 the fight of the nomadic1 patriarchic principle with the agricultural civilised one4#ajb ,it draws me very much4 ,konefsky was not born in me2 that is why it moves so awkwardly4 ,have been thinking3 #a7 ,something very important about art3 what is beauty8 ,beauty is that which we love4 8,he is not dear because he is good1 but good because he is dear40 ,here is the problem2 why dear8 ,why do we love8 ,and to say that we love1 because a thing is beautiful1 is just the same as saying that we breathe because the air is pleasant4 ,we find the air pleasant1 because we have to breathe2 and in the same way we discover beauty1 because we have to love4 ,and he who hasn't the power to see spiritual beauty1 sees at least a bodily one and loves it4 ,june #bf1 ,y4 ,p4 ,morning4 ,all night ,i did not sleep4 ,my heart aches without stopping4 ,i continue to suffer and can not subject myself to ,god4444 ,i have not mastered pride and rebellion and the pain in my heart does not stop4 ,one thing consoles me2 ,i am not alone but with ,god1 and therefore no matter how painful it is1 yet ,i feel that something is taking place within me4 ,help me1 ,father4 ,yesterday ,i walked to ,baburino#ajc and unwillingly 7,i rather would have avoided than sought it71 ,i met the #hj-year-old ,akime ploughing1 the woman ,yaremichov who hasn't a coat to her household and only one jacket1 then ,maria whose husband was frozen and who has no one to gather her rye and who is starving her child1 and ,trophime and ,khaliavka1 and the husband and wife were dying as well as the children4 ,and we study ,beethoven4 ,and ,i pray that ,he release me from this life4 ,and again ,i pray and cry from pain4 ,i am entrapped1 sinking1 ,i cannot alone1 only ,i hate myself and my life4 ,june #cj1 ,ysn4 ,pol4 ,continued to suffer and struggle much1 and have conquered neither one nor the other4 ,but it is better4 ,mme4 ,annenkov#ajd was here and put it very well 444#aje ,they have spoiled for me even my diary which ,i write with the point of view of the possibility of its being read by the living#ajf 444 ,just now upstairs they began to speak about the ,new ,testament and ,n4 en ricanant proved that ,christ advised castration4 ,i became angry1--shameful4 ,two days ago ,i went to those who had been burned out2 had not dined1 was tired and felt well4444 ,yesterday ,i visited the lawyer who wanted to snatch a hundred rubles from a beggar-woman to decorate his own house with4 ,it is the same everywhere4 ,during this time ,i have been in ,pirogovo4 ,my brother ,serezha has entirely come over to us4 ,the journey with ,tania and ,chertkov was joyous4 ,to-day in ,demenka#ajg ,i gave the last words for his journey to a dying peasant4 ,i am advancing much on the work4#ajh ,i will try to write out now what ,i have jotted down in the book4 ,to-day1 ,july #ai4aji ,i am in ,pirogovo4 ,i arrived the day before yesterday with ,tania and ,chertkov4 ,in ,serezha#aaj there has certainly taken place a spiritual change2 he admits it himself saying that he was born several months ago4 ,i am very happy with him4 ,at home1 during this time1 ,i lived through much difficulty4 ,lord1 ,father1 release me from my base body4 ,cleanse me and do not let your spirit perish in me and become overgrown4 ,i prayed twice beseechingly2 once that ,he let me be ,his tool2 and second that ,he save me from my animal 8self40 ,during this time ,i progressed on the ,declaration of ,faith4 ,it is far from what has to be said and from what ,i want to say4 ,it is entirely inaccessible to the plain man and the child1 but1 nevertheless ,i have said all that ,i know coherently and logically4 ,in this time also ,i wrote the preface to the reading of the ,gospels#aaa and annotated the ,gospels4 ,had visitors4 ,englishmen1 ,americans--no one of importance4 ,i will write out all that ,i jotted down3 #a7 ,yesterday ,i walked through a twice ploughed1 black-earth fallow field4 ,as far as the eye could see1 there was nothing but black earth--not one green blade of grass1 and there on the edge of the dusty grey road there grew a bush of burdock4 ,there were three off-shoots4 ,one was broken and its white soiled flower hung2 the other also broken1 was bespattered with black dirt1 its stem bent and soiled2 the third shoot stuck out to the side1 also black from dust1 but still alive and red in the centre4 ,it reminded me of ,hadji-,murad4#aab ,it makes me want to write4 ,it asserts life to the end1 and alone in the midst of the whole field1 somehow or other has asserted it4 #b7 ,he has a capacity for languages1 for mathematics1 is quick to comprehend and to answer1 can sing1 draw correctly1 beautifully1 and can write in the same way2 but he has no moral or artistic feeling and therefore nothing of his own4 #c7 ,love towards enemies4 ,it is difficult1 seldom does it succeed--as with everything absolutely beautiful4 ,but then what happiness when you attain it6 ,there is an exquisite sweetness in this love1 even in the foretaste of it4 ,and this sweetness is just in the inverse ratio to the attractiveness of the object of love4 ,yes1 the spiritual voluptuousness of love towards enemies4 #d7 ,some one makes me suffer4 ,as soon as ,i think about myself1 about my own suffering1 the suffering continues to grow and grow and terror overcomes me at the thought to where it might lead4 ,it suffices to think of the man on account of whom you are suffering1 to think about his suffering--and instantly you are healed4 ,sometimes it is easy when you already love your torturer2 but even when it is difficult1 it is always possible4 #e7 ,yesterday in walking ,i thought what are those boundaries which separate us1 one being from another8 ,and it occurred to me4 ,are not space and time the conditions of these divisions1 or rather1 the consequences of these divisions8 ,if ,i were not a separated part1 there would be neither space nor time for me1 as there is not for ,god4 ,but since ,i am not the whole1 ,i can understand myself and other beings through space and time only4 7,i feel that there is something in this1 but ,i can not yet express it clearly47 #f7 ,there was an argument about whether being in love was good4 ,for me the conclusion was clear2 if a man already lives a human1 spiritual life1 then being in love--love1 marriage--would be a downfall for him1 he would have to give a part of his strength to his wife1 to his family1 or even at least to the object of his love4 ,but if he is on the animal plane1 if he eats1 drinks1 labours1 holds a post1 writes1 plays--then to be in love would be an uplift for him as for animals1 for insects1 in the time of 444#aac #g7 ,to pray8 ,they say that prayer is necessary1 that it is necessary to have the sweet feeling of prayer which is called forth by service1 singing1 reading1 exclamations1 ikons4 ,but what is prayer8 ,a communion with ,god1 a recognition of one's relation to ,god1 the highest state of the soul4 ,is it possible that this state of the soul can be attained by an action upon the outer senses4444 ,is it not more probable that the prayerful state might be reached only in rare exceptional moments and necessarily in isolation1 as even ,christ said and as ,elijah saw ,god1 not in a storm but in a tender breeze8 #h7 ,yesterday ,i looked through the romances1 novels1 and poems of ,fet4#aad ,i recalled our incessant music on #d grand-pianos in ,yasnaya ,polyana and it became clear to me that all this--the romances1 the poems1 the music--was not art1 something important and necessary to people in general1 but a self-indulgence of robbers1 parasites1 who have nothing in common with life2 romances1 novels about how one falls in love disgustingly1 poetry about this or about how one languishes from boredom4 ,and music about the same theme4 ,but life1 all life1 seethes with its own problems of food1 distribution1 labour1 about faith1 about the relations of men 444 ,it is shameful1 nasty4 ,help me1 ,father1 to serve ,thee by showing up this lie4 #i7 ,i was going from the ,chertkovs on the #eth of ,july4 ,it was evening1 and beauty1 happiness1 blessedness1 lay on everything4 ,but in the world of men8 ,there was greed1 malice1 envy1 cruelty1 lust1 debauchery4 ,when will it be among men as it is in ,nature8 ,here there is a struggle1 but it is honest1 simple1 beautiful4 ,but there it is base4 ,i know it and ,i hate it1 because ,i myself am a man4 7,i have not succeeded47 #aj7 ,when ,i suffered in my soul1 ,i tried to calm myself with the consciousness of serving4 ,and that used to calm me1 but only then when there happened to be an obvious instance of serving1 i4 e4 when it was unquestionably required and ,i was drawn to it4 ,but what is to be done when it happens neither one way nor the other8 ,give myself to ,god1 negate myself4 ,do as ,thou wilt1 ,i consent4 7,again1 not what ,i want to say47 ,i am going to dinner4 #aa7 ,kant1#aae they tell us1 made a revolution in the thought of men4 ,he was the first to show that a thing in itself is inaccessible to knowledge1 that the source of knowledge and life is spiritual4 ,but is not that the same which ,christ said two thousand years ago1 only in a way understandable to men8 ,bow in spirit and in truth2 the spirit is life creating1 the letter1 the flesh1 is beneficial in no way4 #ab7 ,balls1 feasts1 spectacles1 parades1 pleasure-gardens1 etc41 are a dreadful tool in the hands of the organisers4 ,they can have a terrible influence4 ,and if anything has to be subjected to control1 it is this4 #ac7 ,i walked along the road and thought1 looking at the forests1 the earth1 the grass1 what a funny mistake it is to think that the world is such as it appears to me4 ,to think that the world is such as it appears to me1 means to think that there can be no other being capable of knowledge except myself with my six senses4#aaf ,i stopped and was writing that down4 ,sergei ,ivanovich#aag approached me4 ,i told him what ,i was thinking4 ,he said3 8,yes1 one thing is true1 that the world is not such as we see it and we don't know anything as it is40 ,i said3 8,yes1 we know something exactly as it is40 8,what is it80 8,that which knows4 ,it is exactly such as we know it40 #ad7 ,one is often surprised that people are ungrateful4 ,one ought to be surprised at how they could be grateful for good done them4 ,however little good people do1 they know with certainty that the doing of good is the greatest happiness4 ,how then can people be grateful to others that these others have drunk themselves full1 when that is the greatest enjoyment8 #ae7 ,only he is free whom nothing and nobody can hinder from doing what he wants4 ,there is only one such work to do--to love4 #af7 ,prayer is directed to a personal ,god1 not because ,god is personal 7,i even know as a matter of fact that ,he is not personal1 because the personal is finite and ,god is infinite71 but because ,i am a personal being4 ,i have a little green glass in my eye and ,i see everything green4 ,i can not help but see the world green1 although ,i know that it is not like that4 #ag7 ,the sthetic pleasure is a pleasure of a lower order4 ,and therefore the highest sthetic pleasure leaves one unsatisfied4 ,in fact1 the higher the sthetic pleasure1 the more unsatisfied it leaves one4 ,it always makes one want something more and more4 ,and so without end4 ,only moral good gives full satisfaction4 ,here there is full satisfaction4 ,nothing further is wished for or needed4 #ah7 ,a lie to others is by far neither as important nor as harmful as a lie to oneself4 ,a lie to others is often an innocent play1 a satisfying of vanity4 ,a lie to oneself is always a perversion of the truth1 a turning aside from the demands of life4 #ai7 ,although seldom1 yet it has happened to me that ,i have done good from pity1 a real good4 ,in that case you never remember what you really have done and under what circumstances4 ,you remember only that you were with ,god 7this occurred to me in regard to my favourite boots which ,i remember ,i gave away out of pity and for a long time ,i could not remember where they had gone74 ,it is the same way with all those moments when ,i was with ,god1 whether in prayer or in the business of life4 ,memory is a fleshly affair1 but here1 the thing is spiritual4 #bj7 ,man can not live a fleshly life1 if he does not consider himself in the right and he can not live a spiritual life if he does not consider himself sinful4 #ba7 444 ,i am going to sleep4 ,it is #ab3cj in the morning1 ,july #cjth4 ,july #ca1 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,july #ca1 ,y4 ,p4 ,i am alive4 ,it is evening now4 ,it is past four4 ,i am lying down and can not fall asleep4 ,my heart aches4 ,i am tired out4 ,i hear through the window--they play tennis and are laughing4 ,s4 went away to the ,shenshins4#aah ,every one is well1 but ,i am sad and can not master myself4 ,it is like the feeling ,i had when ,st4 ,thomas#aai locked me in and ,i heard through my prison how every one was gay and was laughing4 ,but ,i don't want to4 ,one must suffer humiliation and be good4 ,i can do it4 ,i continue to copy3 #a7 ,the disbelief in reason is the source of all evil4 ,this disbelief is reached by the teaching of a distorted faith from childhood4 ,believe in one miracle and the trust in reason is destroyed4 #b7 444 #c7 ,christianity does not give happiness but safety2 it lets you down to the bottom from which there is no place to fall4 #d7 ,i rode horseback from ,tula and thought about this2 that ,i am a part of ,him1 separated in a certain way from other such parts1 and ,he is everything1 the ,father1 and ,i felt love1 just love1 for ,him4 ,now1 especially now1 ,i not only can not reproduce this feeling1 but not even recall it4 ,but ,i was so joyful that ,i said to myself3 ,here ,i was thinking that ,i can not learn anything new and suddenly ,i acquired a wonderful blessed new feeling1 a real feeling4 #e7 ,what humbug#abj--;beauty1 truth1 goodness6 ,beauty is one of those attributes of outer objects1 like health1 an attribute of the living body4 ,truth is not the ideal of science4 ,the ideal of science is knowledge1 not truth4 ,the good can not be placed on the plane with either of these1 because it is the goal of life4 7,it is unclear1 but it was clear and will be47 #f7 ,i do not remember good works1 because they are outside of the material man--of memory4 ,august #a1 ,ysn4 ,pol4 ,if ,i live4--which is doubtful4 ,my heart aches very much4444 ,it is dreadful to think how much time has elapsed2 a month and a half4 ,to-day1 ,sept4 #ad1 ,y4 ,p4 ,during this time ,i took a trip to the monastery with ,sonya4#aba444 ,i wrote on ,hadji-,murad#abb very poorly1 a first draft4 ,i have continued my work on the ,declaration of ,faith4 ,the ,chertkovs have gone away4444 ,all three sons are here now with their wives4#abc ,there was a letter from the ,hollander who has refused to serve4#abd ,i wrote a preface to the letter4#abe ,i wrote a letter also to ,mme4 ,kalmikov#abf with very sharp statements about the ,government4 ,the whole month and a half has been condensed in this4 ,oh1 yes2 ,i have also been ill from my usual sickness and my stomach is still not strong4 ,one thing more4 ,during this time there was a letter from the ,hindu ,tod and an exquisite book of ,hindu wisdom1 ,ioga's ,philosophy4#abg ,in the meantime ,i thought3 #a7 ,there are many people1 especially ,europeans and especially women1 who not only talk but who write things that appear intelligent1 in the same way as dumb people speak2 as a matter of fact1 it isn't any more natural for them to think than for a dumb person to speak1 but both one and the other1 both the stupid and the dumb1 have been taught4 #b7 ,to love an individual man1 one has to be blinded4 ,without being blinded one can love only ,god1 but people can be pitied1 which means to love in a ,godly way4 #c7 ,to get rid of an enemy1 one must love him1 as it is also said in the 8,teaching of the twelve apostles40#abh ,but to love one has to put to oneself the task for all one's life of love towards an enemy1 to do him good through love and to perfect oneself in love for him4 #d7 ,at first1 one is surprised that stupid people should have within them such an assertive convincing intonation4 ,but it is as it should be4 ,otherwise no one would listen to them4 #e7 ,i find this note3 8,a decoration for peasants1 our happiness0--,i can not remember what that means1 but it is something that pleased me4 ,i think it means that to a poor man looking on the life of the rich1 it appears as happiness4 ,but this happiness is as much happiness1 as cardboard made into a tree or a castle--is a tree or a castle4 #f7 ,we are all attracted to the ,whole and one to another1 like particles of one body4 ,only our roughness1 the lack of smoothness1 our angles1 interfere with our uniting4 ,there is already an attraction1 there is no need of making it1 but one must plane oneself1 wipe out one's angles4 #g7 ,one of the strongest means of hypnotism1 of exterior action on the spiritual state of man1 is his dress4 ,people know that very well2 that is why there is a monastic garb in monasteries and a uniform in the army4 #h7 ,i was trying to recall two excellent subjects for novels1 the suicide of old ,persianninov and the substitution of a child in an orphan asylum4 #i7 ,when my weakness tortured me1 ,i sought means of salvation1 and ,i found one in the thought that there is nothing stationary1 that everything flows1 changes1 that all this is for a while1 and that it is only necessary to suffer the while while we live--,i and the others4 ,and some one of us will go away first4 7,the while does not mean to live in any way1 but means1 not to despair1 to suffer it through to the end47 #aj7 ,i wanted to say that ,i was grateful1 so as to make the other one well disposed1 and later to tell the truth4 ,no1 ,i thought1 that is not permitted4 ,he will ascribe it to his virtues and the truth will be accepted even less4 ,man1 not acknowledging his sins1 is a vessel hermetically closed with a cover which lets nothing enter4 ,to humble oneself1 to repent1 that means to take off the cover and to make oneself capable of perfection1 of the good4 #aa7 ,barbarism interferes with the union of people1 but the same thing is done by a too great refinement without a religious basis4 ,in the other1 the physical disunites1 and in this1 the spiritual4 #ab7 ,man is a tool of ,god4 ,at first ,i thought that it was a tool with which man himself was called to work2 now ,i have understood that it is not man who works1 but ,god4 ,the business of man is only to keep himself in order4 ,like an axe1 which would have to keep itself always clean and sharp4 #ac7 ,why is it that scoundrels stand for despotism8 ,because under an ideal order which pays according to merit1 they are badly off4 ,under despotism everything can happen4 #ad7 ,i often meet people who recognise no ,god except one which we ourselves recognise in ourselves4 ,and ,i am astonished2 ,god in me4 ,but ,god is an infinite principle2 how then1 why then1 should ,he happen to be in me8 ,it is impossible not to question oneself about this4 ,and as soon as you question yourself1 you have to acknowledge an exterior cause4 ,why do people not feel themselves in need of answering this question8 ,because for them1 the answer to this question is in the reality of the existing world1 whether according to ,moses or to ,darwin--it is all the same4 ,and therefore1 to have a conception of an exterior ,god1 one has to understand that that which is actually real1 is only the impression of our senses1 i4 e4 it is we ourselves1 our spiritual 8self40 #ae7 ,in moments of passion1 infatuation1 in order to conquer1 one thing is necessary1 to destroy the illusion that it is the 8self0 who suffers1 who desires1 and to separate one's true 8self0 from the troubled waters of passion4 ,sept4 #ae4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,october #aj4 ,y4 ,p4 ,it is almost a month that ,i have made no entries and it seemed to me it was only yesterday4 ,during this time1 though in very poor form1 ,i finished the ,declaration of ,faith4 ,during this time there were some ,japanese with a letter from ,konissi4#abi ,they1 the ,japanese1 are undoubtedly nearer ,christianity than our church ,christians4 ,i have learned to love them very much4444 ,i want to write out the whole ,declaration of ,faith from the beginning again4 ,yesterday there was a good letter from ,verigin1 ,peter4#acj ,all last night ,i thought about the meaning of life and though there are other things to note down1 ,i want to note down this3 ,the whole world is nothing else than an infinite space filled with infinitely small1 colourless1 silently moving particles of matter4 ,at bottom1 even this is not so2 ,i know that they are particles of matter only through their impenetrability1 but the impenetrability ,i know only through my sense of touch and my muscle sense4 ,if ,i did not have this sense1 ,i would not know about impenetrability or about matter4 ,as to motion1 also1 ,i1 strictly speaking1 have no right to speak1 because if ,i did not have the sense of sight or again muscle sense1 ,i would not know anything about motion either4 ,so that all that ,i have the right to assert about the outer world is that something exists1 something entirely unknown to me1 as it was said long ago both by the ,brahmins and by ,kant and by ,berkeley4 ,there is some kind of occasion1 some kind of grain of sand which causes irritation in the shell of the snail and produces a pearl 7scrtion1 secretion in the snail74 ,this is our whole outside world4 ,what is there then8 ,there is myself with my representations of myself1 of the sun1 trees1 animals1 stones4 ,but what then is it that ,i call myself8 ,is it something arbitrary depending on myself8 ,no1 it is something independent of myself1 predetermined4 ,i can not not be myself1 and not have that representation which ,i have1 namely1 that ,i include in myself a small part of these moving atoms and call them myself4 ,and all the other remaining atoms ,i see in the form of beings more or less like myself4 ,the world appears to me to consist entirely of beings which are like me or resemble me4#aca 7,i have become confused1 yet have something to say4 ,i am going to try when ,i have the strength47 ,i am continuing to write out what ,i had to say and what ,i dreamt of all night1 namely3 ,people think that their life is in the body1 that from that which takes place in the body2 from breathing1 nutrition1 circulation of the blood1 etc41 life flows4 ,and this seems unquestionable2 let nutrition1 breathing1 circulation of the blood cease and life will end4 ,but what ends is the life of the body1 life in this body4444 ,and in fact if you consider that life comes from the process of the body and only in the body then as soon as the processes of the body are ended1 then life ought to be ended4 ,but certainly this is an arbitrary assertion4 ,no one has proven and can prove that life is only in the body and can not be without the body4 ,to assert this1 is all the same as asserting that when the sun has set then the sun has come to an end4 ,one must first decide what is life4 ,is it that which ,i see in the others as it begins and stops1 or is it what ,i know in myself8 ,if it is what ,i know in myself1 then it is the only thing that is and therefore it can not be destroyed4 ,and the fact that in bodies before me processes end which are connected with life in me and in other beings1 shows me only this1 that life goes away somewhere from my sensual eyes4 ,to go away entirely1 to be destroyed1 it absolutely can not be1 because outside of it there is nothing in the world4 ,the problem1 then1 might be this3 ,will my life be destroyed1 can it be destroyed8 ,and the destruction of the body of a man1 is that a sign of the destruction of his life8 ,in order to answer this question one must first decide what is life8 ,life is the consciousness of my separateness from other beings1 of the existence of other beings and of those limits which separate me from them4 ,my life is not bound up with my body4 ,there may be a body1 but no consciousness of separateness like for a sleeping one1 an idiot1 an embryo or for those who have fits4 ,it is true that there can be no life without the consciousness of the body2 but that is because life is the consciousness of one's own separateness and of one's own boundaries4 ,but the consciousness of one's own separateness and of one's own boundaries happens in our life in time and space1 but it can happen in any other way and therefore the destruction of the body is not the sign of the destruction of life4 7,not clear and not what ,i want to say47 ,oct4 #aa4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,october #bj4 ,y4 ,p4 ,morning4 ,i feel like writing down three things4 #a7 ,in a work of art the principal thing is the soul of the author4 ,therefore among medium productions the feminine ones are the better1 the more interesting4 ,a woman will push herself through now and then1 speak out the most inner mysteries of her soul2 and that is what is needed4 ,you see what she really loves1 although she pretends that she loves something else4 ,when an author writes1 we the readers place our ears to his breast and we listen and say1 8,breathe4 ,if you have rumblings1 they will appear40 ,and women haven't the capacity of hiding4 ,men have learned literary methods and you can no longer see him behind his manner1 except that you know he is stupid4 ,but what is in his soul1 you don't see4 7,not good2 malicious47 ,the #bnd thing ,i wanted to write was that yesterday1 in blowing out my candle1 ,i began to feel for matches and did not find them1 and an uneasiness came over me4 8,and you are getting ready to die6 ,what1 then1 are you also going to die with matches80 ,i said to myself4 ,and ,i at once saw in the dark my real life and became calm4 ,what is this fear of the dark8 ,besides the fear at the incapability of meeting whatever accident might happen1 it is the fear at the absence of the delusion of our most important sense1 that of sight4 ,it is fear before the contemplation of our true life4 ,i now no longer have that fear--on the contrary1 that which had been fear is now peace2 there only has remained the habit of fear2 but to the majority of people the fear is exactly of that which alone can give them peace4 ,the #crd thing ,i wanted to write was that when a man is put in the necessity of choosing between an act which is clearly beneficial to others1 but with the thwarting of the demands of conscience 7the will of ,god71 then the problem is only one of short-sightedness1 because the man sees in the immediate future the good which will arise from his act1 if he thwarts the will of ,god1 but he does not see in the more remote future the other good1 which is an infinite number of times greater1 which will come from the abstention of this act and the fulfilment of the will of ,god4 ,it is the same kind of thing that children do1 destroying the general order of a house which is necessary for their own happiness1 for the sake of the immediate pleasure of play4 ,the fact is that for the work of ,god and for man accomplishing the work of ,god1 time does not exist4 ,man can not but represent to himself everything in time1 and therefore in order to correctly judge of the importance of the work of ,god1 he has to represent it to himself in the very remote future1 even in infinite time4 ,the fact1 that ,i will not kill the murderer and will forgive him1 that ,i shall die unseen by any one1 fulfilling the will of ,god1 will bear its own fruit 444 if ,i insist upon thinking in terms of time--in infinite time4 ,but it will bear its fruit surely4 ,i have to finish the former3 #d7 ,refinement and power in art are almost always diametrically opposed4 #e7 ,is it true that works of art are obtained by assiduous work8 ,that which we call a work of art--yes4 ,but is it real art8 #f7 ,the ,japanese sang and we could not restrain ourselves from laughter4 ,if we had sung before the ,japanese they would have laughed4 ,the more so had ,beethoven been played for them4 ,indian and ,greek temples are understood by all4 ,and ,greek statues are understood by all4 ,and our best painting is also understandable4 ,so that architecture1 sculpture1 painting1 having reached their perfection1 have reached also cosmopolitanism1 accessibility to all4 ,to the same point in some of its manifestations has the art of speech reached2 in the teaching of ,buddha1 of ,christ1 in the poetry of ,sakia-,muni1 ,jacob1 ,joseph4 ,in dramatic art2 ,sophocles1 ,aristophanes did not reach it4 ,it is being reached in the new ones4 ,but in music they have been lagging behind entirely4 ,the ideal of all art to which it should strive is accessibility to all--but it1 especially music to-day1 noses its way into refinement4 #g7 ,the principal thing which ,i wanted to say about art1 is that it does not exist in the sense of some great manifestation of the human spirit as it is understood now4 ,there is play1 consisting in the beauty of construction1 in sculpting figures1 or in representing objects1 in dancing1 in singing1 in playing on various instruments1 in poetry1 in fables1 in stories1 but all this is only play and not an important matter to which one could consciously devote his strength4 ,and so it was always understood and is understood by the working1 unspoiled people and every man who has not gone away from labour1 from life1 can not look upon it in any other way4 ,it is necessary1 one must1 say it out loud--how much evil has come from this importance attributed by the parasites of society to their plays6 #h7 ,the whole outer world is formed by us1 by our senses4 ,we know nothing and can know nothing about it4 ,all that we can know1 in studying the outer world is the relation of our senses 7sens7 among themselves and the laws of these relations4 ,there is no question but that this is very interesting1 and from the study of these relations are opened many new situations which we can make use of and which increase the comforts of our life1 but this is not only not everything1 not all of science as people busying themselves with this study are now asserting1 but it is only one minute particle of science4 ,science is the study of the relation of our spiritual 8self0--that which masters the outer senses and uses them--to our outer senses or to the outer world1 which is the same thing4 ,this relation has to be studied1 because in this relation is accomplished the movement of humanity as a whole to perfection and the good1 and the movement of each individual man to the same goal4 ,this relation is the object of every science2 but to-day the study of this relation is called ,ethics by our present-day scholars1 and is considered as a science by itself1 and a very unimportant one from out the great mass of other sciences4 ,it is all topsy-turvy2 the whole of science is considered as a small part and a small part is considered as the whole4 ,from this comes the brutalisation of men4 ,this arises out of the astonishing ignorance of most of the so-called learned4 ,they are navely convinced that the outer world is an actual reality1 just in the same way as the peasants are convinced that the sun and the stars move around the earth4 ,just as the peasants know nothing of the work of ,galileo1 ,copernicus and ,newton1 or if they have heard of it--do not believe--so the materialist scholars have never heard1 do not know or do not believe what has been done as to criticism of knowledge by ,descartes1 ,kant1 ,berkeley and even before1 by the ,hindus and by all religious doctrines4 #i7 ,when you suffer1 you must enter into yourself--not seek matches1 but put out that light which is there1 and which interferes with the seeing of your true 8self40 ,you must turn upside down the toy which stood on the cork and place it on the lead and then everything will become clear and the greatest part of your suffering will cease--all that part which is not physical4 #aj7 ,when you suffer from passion1 here are some palliative prescriptions3 7a7 ,remember how many times you have suffered before because in your consciousness you have connected yourself to your passion2 lust1 greed1 desire1 vanity1 and remember how everything passed away and you have still not found that 8self0 which suffered then4 ,and so it is now4 ,it is not you who are suffering1 but that passion which you wrongly joined to yourself4 7b7 ,again1 when you suffer1 remember that the suffering is not something disagreeable which you can wish to get rid of1 but it is the very work of life1 that very task which you have been designated to do4 ,in wanting to get rid of it1 you are doing that which a man would do who lifts the plough there where the earth is hard1 just where1 in fact1 it has to be ploughed up4 7c7 ,then remember1 at the moment when you suffer1 that if there is anger in the feelings you have1 the suffering is in you4 ,replace the anger with love1 and the suffering will end4 7d7 ,also this is possible2 love towards enemies1 which is indeed the one real love4 ,you must struggle for it1 struggle with toil1 with the consciousness that in it is life4 ,but when you have attained it1 what relief6 7e7 ,the principal thing is to turn the toy upside down1 find your true 8self0 which is only visible without matches1 and then anger will vanish by itself4 ,that 8self0 is incapable of1 cannot1 and has no one to be angry with--loving1 it can only pity4 ,during these latter days ,i didn't feel like writing4 ,i merely wrote letters to every one and sent to ,schmidt an addition to the letter about the incompatibility 444 with ,christianity4#acb ,i have begun the ,declaration of ,faith anew4 ,i am going to continue4 ,went to ,pirogovo with ,masha4 ,serezha#acc is very good4444 ,october #ba4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day probably ,october #bc4 ,y4 ,p4 ,all these days ,i have been out of tune with my work4 ,wrote a letter yesterday to the commander of the disciplinary battalion in ,irkutsk about ,olkhovik4#acd ,it is evening now1 ,i am sitting down to write because ,i feel the special importance and seriousness of the hours of life which are left to me4 ,and ,i do not know what ,i have to do1 but ,i feel that there has ripened in me an expression of ,god's will which asks to be let out4 ,have re-read ,hadji ,murad--it isn't what ,i want to say4 ,as to ,resurrection ,i can't even get hold of it4 ,the drama interests me4 ,a splendid article by ,carpenter on science4#ace ,all of us walk near the truth and uncover it from various sides4 ,october #bf4 ,y4 ,p4 ,i am still just as indisposed and don't feel like writing4 ,my head aches4 ,serezha came yesterday4#acf ,wrote a letter to ,sonya and to ,andrusha4 ,but it seems to me that during this time of doubt1 ,i arrived at two very important conclusions3 #a7 ,that1 which ,i also thought before and wrote down2 that art is an invention1 is a temptation for amusement with dolls1 with pictures1 with songs1 with play1 with stories--and nothing more4 ,but to place art as they do 7and they do the same with science71 on the same level with the good is a horrible sacrilge4 ,the proof that it is not so1 is that about truth also 7the right7 ,i can say that truth is a good 7as ,god said1 great good1 teib1 i4e41 good71 and about beauty one can say that it is good2 but it is impossible to say about good that it is beautiful 7at times it is homely71 or that it is true 7it is always true74 ,there is only one good2 good and bad2 but truth and beauty are good qualities of certain objects4 ,the other very important thing1 is that reason is the only means of manifesting1 and freeing love4 ,it seems to me that this is an important thought1 omitted in my ,declaration of ,faith4 ,to-day ,november #a4 ,y4 ,p4 ,all this time ,i have felt neither well nor like working4 ,i have written letters only1 among the number was one to the ,caucasian disciplinary battalion4#acg ,yesterday1 walking at night on the snow1 in the blizzard1 ,i tired my heart and it aches4 ,i think ,i am going to die very soon4 ,that is why ,i am writing out the notes4 ,i think ,i am going to die without fear and without resistance4 ,just now ,i sat alone and thought how strange it was that people live alone4 ,people2 ,i thought of ,stasov2#ach how is he living now1 what is he thinking1 feeling4 ,of ,kolichka1#aci too4 ,and so strange and new became the knowledge that they1 all of them1 people--are living1 and ,i do not live in them2 that they are closed to me4 ,november #b4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,november #bnd4 ,y4 ,p4 ,am alive4 ,am a little better4 ,have written on the ,declaration of ,faith4 ,i think it is true that it is cold because it endeavours to be infallible4#adj ,a blizzard4 ,sent off the letters to ,schmidt and ,chertkov4 ,did not send the letter to ,mme4 ,kalmikov4 ,to-day ,i thought about art4 ,it is play4 ,and when it is the play of working1 normal people it is good1 but when it is the play of corrupted parasites1 then it is bad--and here now it has reached to decadence4 ,november #c4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,november #e4 ,y4 ,p4 ,morning4 ,yesterday was a terrible day4 444 ,at night ,i hardly slept and was depressed4 ,i just now found the prescriptions#ada in my diary1 looked them over and began to feel better2 to separate one's true 8self0 from that which is offended and vexed1 to remember that this is no hindrance1 no accidental unpleasantness1 but the very work predestined me1 and above all to know that if ,i have a dislike for any one1 then as long as there is that dislike in me--then ,i am the guilty one4 ,and as soon as you know you are guilty1 you feel better4 ,to-day1 lying on the bed1 ,i thought about love towards ,god 444 ,i wish ,i could say1 the love of ,god1 i4e41 divine love--that the first and principal commandment is divine love1 but that the other resembling it and flowing from it1 especially flowing from it1 is the love for neighbour4 ,yesterday ,i wrote #ah pages of introduction to ,art4#adb ,it is wrong to say of a work of art1 8,you don't yet understand it40 ,if ,i don't understand it1 that means that the work of art is poor1 because its task is in making understandable that which is not understandable4 ,november #f4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,november #f4 ,y4 ,p4 ,am alive4 ,it is the third day that ,i continue to write on art4 ,it seems to me it is good4 ,at least ,i am writing willingly and easily4 444 ,have received a good letter from ,vanderveer4 ,wrote another letter to the commander of the battalion in the ,caucasus4 ,chertkov sent me his copy of a similar letter4 ,to-day ,i rode horseback to ,tula4 ,a marvellous day and night4 ,i am just now going to take a walk to meet the girls4 ,have been thinking4 #a7 ,natural sciences1 when they wish to determine the very essence of things1 fall into a crude materialism1 i4e41 ignorance4 ,such1 besides ,descartes' whirlwinds1 are atoms and ether and the origin of species4 ,all that ,i can say1 is that it appears to me so1 just as the heavenly vault appears round to me1 while ,i know that it is not round and that it appears to me so1 only because my sight for all directions extends on only one radius4 #b7 ,the highest perfection of art is its cosmopolitanism4 ,but on the contrary1 with us at present it is becoming more and more specialised1 if not according to nations1 then according to classes4 #c7 ,the refinement of art and its strength are always in inverse proportion4 #d7 8,conservatism lies in this0 444 ,that is the way ,i have it noted1 but further ,i can't remember now4 #e7 ,why is it pleasant to ride8 ,because it is the very emblem of life4 ,life--you ride4 ,i wanted to take a walk4444 ,november #g4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,november #ab4 ,y4 ,p4 ,i haven't noted down anything during this time4 ,i was writing the essay on ,art4 ,to-day a little on the ,declaration of ,faith4 ,a weakness of thought and ,i am sad4 ,one must learn to be satisfied with stupidity4 ,if ,i do not love1 at least not not to love4 ,that1 thank the ,lord1 ,i have attained4 ,november #af4 ,y4 ,p4 ,morning4 ,i still work just as badly and am therefore depressed4 ,the day after to-morrow ,i am going to ,moscow1 if ,god commands4#adc 444 ,in the meantime ,i received a strange letter from the ,spaniard ,zanini1 with an offer of #bb1jjj francs for good works4 ,i answered that ,i would like to use them for the ,dukhobors4 ,what is going to happen8#add ,i wrote to ,kuzminsky on ,witte and ,dragomirov#ade and the day before yesterday ,i wrote diligently all morning on ,war4#adf ,something will come of it4 ,i am thinking continually about art and about the temptations or seductions which becloud the mind1 and ,i see that art belongs to this class1 but ,i do not know how to make it clear4 ,this occupies me very1 very much4 ,i fall asleep and wake up with this thought1 but up to now ,i have come to no conclusion4 ,the notes during this time about ,god and the future life are3 #a7 ,they say that ,god must be understood as a personality4 ,in this lies great misunderstanding2 personality is limitation4 ,man feels himself a personality1 only because he comes in contact with other personalities4 ,if man were only one1 he would not be a personality4 ,these two conceptions are mutually determined2 the outer world1 other beings1 and the personality4 ,if there were not a world of other beings1 man would not feel himself1 would not recognise himself as a personality2 if man were not a personality he would not recognise the existence of other beings4 ,and therefore man within this ,universe is inconceivable otherwise than as a personality4 ,but how can it be said of ,god1 that ,he is a personality1 that ,god is personal8 ,in this lies the root of anthropomorphism4 ,of ,god it only can be said what ,moses and ,mohammed said1 that he is one1 and one1 not in that sense that there is no other or other gods 7in relation to ,god there can be no notion of number and therefore it is even impossible to say of ,god that he is one 7#a in the sense of a number71 but in that sense that he is monocentric1 that he is not a conception1 but a being1 that which the ,greek ,orthodox call a living ,god in opposition to a pantheistic ,god1 i4e41 a superior spiritual being living in everything4 ,he is one in that sense that ,he is1 like a being to whom one can address oneself1 i4e41 not exactly to pray1 but that there is a relationship between me1 something which is limited1 a personality1 and ,god--something inconceivable but existing4 ,the most inconceivable thing about ,god for us consists exactly in this1 that we know ,him as a one being1 can know him in no other way1 and at the same time it is impossible for us to understand a one being who fills up everything with himself4 ,if ,god is not one1 then ,he is scattered and ,he does not exist4 ,if ,he is one1 then we involuntarily represent him to ourselves in the shape of a personality and then ,he is no longer a higher being1 no longer everything4 ,but1 however1 in order to know ,god and to lean on ,him one must understand ,him as filling everything and at the same time as one4 #b7 ,i have been thinking how obviously mistaken is our conception of the future life in bodies either more or less similar to ours4 ,our bodies as we know them are nothing but the products of our outer six senses4 ,how then can there be life for that spiritual being who is separated from his body--how can it be in that form which is determined and produced by that body through its senses8 ,november #ag4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,november #ag4 ,y4 ,p4 ,yesterday ,i hardly wrote anything4 444 ,there is a fight in the papers over ,repine's#adg definition of art as amusement4 ,how it fits into my work4 ,the full significance of ,art has still not been made clear4 ,it is clear to me1 and ,i can write and prove it1 but not briefly and simply4 ,i cannot bring it up to that point4 ,yesterday there was a letter from ,ivan ,michailovich#adh and from the ,dukhobors4 ,amusement is all right1 if the amusement is not corrupted1 is honest1 and if people do not suffer from that amusement4 ,i have been thinking just now2 the sthetic is the expression of the ethical1 i4e41 in plain language2 art expresses those feelings which the artist feels4 ,if the feelings are good1 lofty1 then art will be good1 lofty1 and the reverse4 ,if the artist is a moral man1 then his art will be moral1 and the reverse4 7,nothing has come of this47 ,i thought last night3 ,we rejoice over our technical achievements--steam1 444 phonographs4 ,we are so pleased with these achievements that if any one were to tell us that these achievements are being attained by the loss of human lives we would shrug our shoulders and say1 8,we must try not to have this so2 an #h-;hour day1 labour insurance1 and so forth2 but because several people perish1 is no reason to renounce those achievements which we have attained40 ,i4 e41 ,fiat mirrors1 phonographs1 etc41 pereat several people4 ,it is but sufficient to admit this principle--and there will be no limit to cruelty1 and it will be very easy to attain every kind of technical improvement4 ,i had an acquaintance in ,kazan who used to ride to his estate in ,viatka1 #acj versts away1 in this fashion3 he would buy a pair of horses at the market for #bj roubles 7horses were very cheap7 and would hitch them up and drive #acj versts to the place4 ,sometimes they would reach the place1 and he would have the horses plus the cost of the journey4 ,sometimes they would not cover a part of the road and he would hire4 ,but nevertheless it used to cost him cheaper than hiring stage horses4 ,even ,swift proposed eating children4 ,and that would have been very convenient4 ,in ,new ,york1 the railroad companies in the city crush several passers-by every year and do not change the crossings to make the disasters impossible1 because the change would cost dearer than paying to the families of those crushed yearly4 ,the same thing happens also in the technical improvements of our age4 ,they are accomplished by human lives4 ,but one has to value every human life--not to value it1 but to place it above any value and to make improvements in a way that lives should not be lost and spoilt1 and to stop every improvement if it harms human life4 ,november #ah4 ,if ,i live1 then ,moscow4 ,november #bb4 ,moscow4 ,the fourth day in ,moscow4 ,dissatisfied with myself4 ,no work4 ,got tangled up in the article on art and have not moved forward4 444 ,there were here2 the ,gorbunovs1#adi ,boulanger1#aej ,dunaev4 ,i called on ,rusanov myself4#aea ,received a very good impression4 ,read ,plato2 embryos of idealism4 ,i recalled two subjects which were very good3 #a7 ,a wife's deception of her passionate1 jealous husband2 his suffering1 his struggle and the enjoyment of forgiveness1 and #b7 ,a description of the oppression of the serfs and later the very same kind of oppression by land property1 or rather by being deprived of it4 ,just now ,goldenweiser#aeb played4 ,one thing--a fantasy fugue3#aec an artificiality2 studied1 cold1 pretentious2 another--8,bigarrure0 by ,arensky2#aed sensual1 artificial2 and a third--a ballad by ,chopin2 sickly1 nervous1 not one or the other or the third can be of any use to the people4 ,the devil who has been sent to me is still with me1 and tortures me4 ,november #bc4 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,november #be4 ,moscow4 ,am very weak4 ,my stomach isn't working4 ,i am trying to write on art--but it doesn't go4 ,one thing is good2 have found myself1 my heart4444 ,a letter from ,zanini with an offer of #ca1ejj francs4#aee ,tischenko1 a good novel on poverty4#aef ,it is now past two1 am going for a walk4 ,to-day ,november #bg4 ,moscow4 ,very weak1 poor in all respects4 ,and feel as if ,i had only just now awakened4 ,have been thinking3 #a7 ,we are all in this life--workers placed at the work of saving our souls4 ,it can be compared to keeping up the fire given from heaven and lighted on the hearth of my body4 ,my work lies in this1 to keep up and feed this fire in myself 7not to spend the material of this fire as ,i have done lately1 except in burning it7 and not to think how and what gets lighted from this fire4 ,it is not a difficult matter to thresh with several flails1 but to keep in order1 not to get confused 7and not only to thresh1 but not to interfere with the others71 one has only to remember oneself1 one's own tempo while beating4 ,but as soon as you have begun to think of others1 to look at them1 you get confused4 ,the same thing happens in life4 ,remember only yourself1 your own work--and this work is one3 to love1 to enlarge love in yourself--not to think of others1 of the consequences of your labour and the work of life will go on fruitfully1 joyously4 ,just as soon as you begin to think of that which you are producing1 about the results of your labour1 just as soon as you begin to modify it in accordance with its results--your work becomes confused and ceases1 and there comes the consciousness of the vanity of life4 ,the master of life gave to each one of us separately such a labour1 that the fulfilment of that labour is the most fruitful work4 ,and ,he himself will use and guide this work1 give it a place and a meaning4 ,but as soon as ,i try to find and fix a place for it1 and in accordance with this1 to modify it then ,i become confused1 see the vanity of labour and ,i despair4 ,my task is to work and ,he already knows for what it is needed and will make use of it4 8,man walks1 ,god leads40 ,and the work is one2 to enlarge love in oneself4 ,i am a self-moving saw or a living spade and its life consists in this1 to keep its edge clean and sharp4 ,and it will work well enough1 and its work will be useful4 ,to keep it sharp1 and to sharpen and sharpen it all the time1 that is to make oneself always kinder and kinder4 #b7 ,once more ,i wrote to ,n that she is wrong in thinking that it is possible for one to renounce oneself from the exploit of living4 ,life is an exploit4 ,and the principal thing is1 that that very thing that pains us and seems to us to hinder us from fulfilling our work in life--is our very work in life4 ,there is some circumstance1 a condition in life which tortures you2 poverty1 illness1 faithlessness of a husband1 calumny1 humiliation1--it suffices only to pity yourself and you become the unhappiest among the unhappy4 ,and it suffices only to understand that this is the very work of life which you are called to do2 to live in poverty1 in illness1 to forgive faithlessness1 calumny1 humiliation--and instead of depression and pain there is energy and joy4 #c7 ,art becoming all the time more and more exclusive1 satisfying continually a smaller and smaller circle of people1 becoming more and more selfish1 has gone crazy1 since insanity is only selfishness reaching to its last degree4 ,art has reached the last degree of selfishness--and has gone out of its mind4 ,i have felt very badly and depressed these days4 ,father1 help me to live with ,thee1 not to wander from ,thy will4 ,november #bh4 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,december #b4 ,moscow4 ,five days have passed and very torturing ones4 ,everything is still the same4 444 ,my feeling2 ,i have discovered on myself a terrible putrefying sore4 ,they had promised me to heal it and have bound it4 ,the sore was so disgusting to me1 it was so depressing for me to think that it was there1 that ,i tried to forget it1 to convince myself that it was not there4 ,but some time has passed--they unbound the sore and though it was healing1 nevertheless it was there4 ,and it was torturingly painful to me and ,i began to reproach the doctor--and unjustly4 ,that is my condition4 ,the principal thing is the devil that has been sent me4 ,oh1 this luxury1 this richness1 this absence of care about the material life6 ,like an over-fertilised soil4 ,if they do not cultivate good plants on it1 weeding it1 cleaning everything around them1--it will become overgrown with horrible ugliness and will become terrible4 ,but it is difficult--,i am old and am almost unable to do it4 ,yesterday ,i walked1 thought1 suffered and prayed and it seems to me not in vain4 ,yesterday ,i went to ,princess ,helen ,sergeievna4#aeg ,it was very pleasant4 ,i still cannot work4 ,i shall try to in a minute4 ,i have written nothing in the note book4 ,letters from ,koni1#aeh from ,mme4 ,kudriavtsev4#aei ,yesterday the factory hands came and a new one1 ,medusov1 ,i think4 ,dec4 #ab4 ,moscow4 ,i have suffered much during these days and it seems ,i have advanced towards peace1 towards the good--towards ,god4 ,am reading much on art4 ,it is becoming clear4 ,i am not even sitting down to write4 ,masha went away4 ,the ,chertkovs came4 ,to-day ,i wrote the appendix to ,the ,appeal4#afj ,dec4 #ae4 ,moscow4 ,now #b o'clock in the morning4 ,have done nothing4 ,my stomach ached4 ,am calm2 have no desire to write4 444 ,i have made some notes4 ,i don't write out everything4 ,something struck me forcibly--it is my clear consciousness of the weight of the oppressiveness from my personality1 from the fact that ,i am ,i4 ,this gives me joy because it means that ,i understood1 that ,i recognised as myself1 at least partly1 a 8self0 that was not personal4 ,december #af1 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,december #ai or #bj4 ,five days have passed and ,i feel the oppressiveness1 the weight of my body and therefore the consciousness of the existence of that which is not the body has strengthened terribly4 ,i want to throw off this weight1 free myself from these chains and nevertheless ,i feel them4 ,i am sick of my body4 ,all this time ,i have not worked at all and ,i feel heavy melancholy4 ,i am fighting against it by seeking in my life a task which is beyond this life4 ,there is only one such3 an approach to the perfection of ,god1 to love4 ,yesterday it became so clear to me that life here is nothing else than a manifestation in these forms of the greatest perfection of ,god4 8,to live an age and unto the night0--that is in terms of time4 ,to live for a universal life and for this one--that is in terms of space4 ,i have done nothing during this time and am unable to4 ,i am living badly4 ,i have noted a few trifles on ,art3 #a7 ,they bring as a proof that art is good1 the fact that it produces a great impression on you4 ,yes1 but who are you8 ,on the decadents1 their works produce a great impression on them4 ,you say that they are spoilt4 ,but ,beethoven1 who does not produce an impression on the working man1 produces such an impression on you1 only because you are spoilt4 ,who then is right8 ,what music is beyond question as to its value8 ,that kind which produces as impression on a decadent and on you and on the working man2 simple1 understandable1 popular music4 #b7 ,what relief all would feel who are locked up in a concert-room listening to ,beethoven's last works1 if a jig or a cherdash or something similar would be played for them4 #c7 ,n4 was here and said that he recognised only sensation1 that man himself1 the 8self0 was only a sensation4 ,sensation receives sensation4 ,he reached this nonsense because of the scientific method2 the limiting of the field of research1 the non-recognition of anything else than sensation1 is very good and profitable for the practical ends of the science of experimental psychology1 but it is good-for-nothing as far as a living universal point of view is concerned4 ,and this error is often made by people2 they transfer to life the method which is suitable to science4 #d7 ,nothing so confuses the conception of art as the acceptance of authorities4 ,instead of determining by a clear concise conception of art whether the works of ,sophocles1 ,homer1 ,dante1 ,shakespeare1 ,goethe1 ,beethoven1 ,bach1 ,raphael1 ,michael-,angelo1 come up to the conception of good art and exactly how they do so1 they determine by the existing works of the recognised great artists1 art itself and its laws4 ,but1 however1 there are many works of noted artists which are below every criticism and there are many false reputations1 accidentally won fame2 ,dante1 ,shakespeare4 #e7 ,i am reading the history of music3#afa out of sixteen chapters on artificial music there is one short chapter on popular music4 ,and they know almost nothing about it4 ,so that the history of music is not the history of how real music was born and spread and developed2 the music of melodies--but the history of artificial music1 i4e41 how real melodious music was distorted4 #f7 ,artificial1 master-class music1 the music of parasites1 feeling its own impotence1 its own hollowness1 takes recourse1 in order to replace real interest by artificiality1 now to counterpoint1 to the fugue1 now to opera1 to illustration4 #g7 ,church music is good1 therefore1 because it is understood by the masses4 ,the undeniably good is only that which is understood by all4 ,and therefore it is true1 that the more understandable it is1 the better4 #h7 ,the various characters expressed by art touch us only because in each one of us is the possibility of every possible character4 7,forgot7 #i7 ,the history of music1 like all history1 is written on the plan to show how it has gradually reached that condition in which the thing is found about which the history is now being written4 ,the present condition of music1 or that about which the history is written1 is supposed to be the highest4 ,but what if it is not only a lower thing1 but something entirely distorted1 an accidental deviation towards distortion4 #aj7 ,belief in authorities causes the errors of authorities to be accepted as models4 #aa7 ,they say that music strengthens the impression of words--in arias1 songs4 ,it isn't true4 ,music gets ahead of impressions made by words1 by heaven knows how far4 ,an aria of ,bach2 what words can rival it at the time when it is being rendered8 ,it is a different thing--the words by themselves4 ,to whatever music you would place the ,sermon on the ,mount1 the music would remain far behind1 once you penetrated the words4 8,crucifix0 by ,faure1#afb the music is pitiable compared to the words4 ,they are two entirely different and incompatible feelings4 ,in song they go along together only because the words give tone4 7,not exact4 ,about this in another place47 #ab7 ,so vividly have ,i recalled ,vasili ,perfileev#afc and others1 whom ,i saw in ,moscow1 and so clear did it become that1 although they are dead1 they still are4 #ac7 ,the ,scylla and ,charybdis of artists2 either understandable1 but shallow1 vulgar2 or pseudo-lofty1 original and incomprehensible4 #ad7 ,the poetry of the people always reflected and not only reflected1 predicted1 prepared1 popular movements2 the ,crusades1 the ,reformation4 ,what could the poetry of our parasitical circle predict and prepare8--,love1 debauchery2 debauchery1 love4 #ae7 ,popular poetry1 music1 art in general is exhausted1 because all the talented have been won over by bribes to be buffoons to the rich and the titled2 chamber music1 opera1 odes and#afd 444 #af7 ,in all art1 there exists the struggle between the ,christian and the pagan4 ,the ,christian begins to conquer and the new wave of the #aeth ,century overflows1 the ,renaissance1 and only now at the end of the #aith1 the ,christian rises again1 and paganism in the shape of decadence having reached the highest degree of nonsense1 is being destroyed4 #ag7 ,besides the fact that the most gifted of the people were won over by bribes into the camp of the parasites1 the cause of the destruction of popular poetry and music were3 at first the serfdom of the people and later the most important one--printing4 #ah7 ,chertkov said that around us there are four walls of the unknown2 in front1 the wall of the future1 in back the wall of the past1 to the right the wall of ignorance1 of that which is taking place there where we are not1 and the fourth wall1 he says1 is the ignorance of that which is going on in the soul of another4 ,in my mind this is not so4 ,the first three walls are as he says4 ,one should not look through them4 ,the less we look beyond them the better4 ,but as to the fourth wall of the ignorance of that which is going on in the souls of other people1 this wall we ought to break down with all our strength1 striving for a fusion with the souls of other people4 ,and the less we will look beyond those three other walls1 the closer we will get to others in this respect4 #ai7 ,after death in importance1 and before death in time1 there is nothing more important1 more irrevocable1 than marriage4 ,and just as death is only good then when it is unavoidable1 but every death on purpose is bad1 so it is with marriage4 ,only then is marriage not evil1 when it is not to be conquered4 #bj7 ,apostasy comes from a man professing what he professes not for himself1 not for ,god1 but for people4 ,he betrays his professions1 either because he has become convinced that more people1 or better people according to his mind1 do not profess the same thing as he1 or because that which he did before1 he did for human fame and now he wants to live for himself1 before ,god4 #ba7 ,if ,i believed in a personal ,god to whom one could turn to with questions1 ,i would say1 ,why1 for what has ,god made it so1 that some1 knowing the undoubted truth1 burn wholly with its fire1 while others do not want it1 cannot understand or accept it1 and even hate it4 ,it is now past one4 ,the same weakness1 but keen in spirit1 when ,i remember the significance of the whole of life1 and not only this one which ,i have lived through as ,leo ,nicholaievich 7,tolstoi74 ,help me1 ,lord1 to do always1 everywhere ,thy will1 to be with ,thee4 ,but not my will1 but ,thine1 be done4 ,december #ba1 ,moscow1 if ,i live4 ,i am still writing ,december the #bjth1 ,moscow4 ,still the same depression4 ,father1 help me4 ,relieve me4 ,strengthen ,thyself in me1 vanquish1 drive forth1 destroy1 the foul flesh and all that ,i feel through it4 444 ,father1 help me4 ,moreover1 ,i feel better already4 ,what is especially calming is the task1 the test of humility1 of humiliation1 an entirely unexpected1 exceptional humiliation4 ,in chains1 in a prison1 one can pride oneself on one's humiliation1 but here it is only painful1 unless one accepts it as a trial sent by ,god4 ,yes1 learn to bear calmly1 joyfully and to love4 ,december #ba4 ,moscow4 ,i am learning badly4 ,i continually suffer1 helplessly1 weakly4 ,only in rare moments do ,i rise to the consciousness of the whole of my life 7not only this one7 and my duties in it4 ,i thought 7and felt73 ,there are people lacking both in sthetic feeling and in the ethical 7especially the ethical71 to whom it is impossible to instil that which is good--the less so when they do and love that which is bad1 and think that the bad is good 444 ,december #bb1 ,moscow1 if ,i live1 which is getting to be very doubtful2 my heart does not stop aching4 ,almost nothing gives me rest4 ,to-day ,posha alone refreshed me4 ,it is so disgusting ,i want to cry over myself1 over the remnant of my life which is being futilely ruined4 ,but perhaps it must be so1 yes1 in fact1 it must be so 444 ,december #be1 ,moscow4 #i o'c4 at night4 ,spiritually ,i feel better4 ,but ,i have no intellectual1 artistic work1 and ,i am melancholy4 ,just now ,i felt that particular ,christmas softening and gentleness1 and poetical impulse4 ,my hands are cold1 ,i want to cry and to love 444 ,december #bf1 ,moscow4 ,i am still not writing anything1 but ,i feel my thoughts revive4 ,the devil still does not leave me4 ,i thought to-day about ,the ,diary of a ,mad ,man4#afe ,the principal thing is that ,i have understood my filial relation to ,god1 brotherhood1--and my attitude to the whole world has changed4 #ahig ,jan4 #e1 ,moscow4 ,there is still nothing good to write about myself4 ,i feel no need of working and the devil does not leave me4 ,have been ill for about #f days4 ,began to reread ,resurrection and reached up to his decision to marry and threw it away with disgust4 ,it is all untrue1 invented1 weak4 ,it is hard to repair a spoiled thing4 ,in order to repair it1 there is necessary3 #a7 alternately to describe his feeling and life1 and hers1#aff and #b7 sympathetically and seriously hers1 and critically and with a smile1 his4 ,i shall hardly finish it4 ,it is all very spoilt4 ,yesterday ,i read ,arkhangelsky's#afg article 8,whom to ,serve0 and was very delighted4 ,have finished the notebook4 ,and here ,i am writing from it3 #a7 ,my article on 444 must be written for the people 444 #b7 7,for ,the ,notes of a ,madman or for ,the ,drama74 ,despair because of madness and wretchedness of life4 ,salvation from this despair in the recognition of ,god and one's filiality to ,him4 ,the recognition of filiality is the recognition of brotherhood4 ,the recognition of the brotherhood of man and the cruel1 brutal1 unbrotherly arrangement of life which is justified by people--leads inevitably to a recognition of one's own insanity or that of the whole world4 #c7 ,i read ,nakashidze's#afh letter about the ,congress of the ,dukhobors1 where they discussed social questions4 ,here is an instance of the possibility of administration without violence4 ,one condition is necessary--no1 two conditions3 the respect of the youth and of the spiritually weak in general1 to the resolutions of the elected elders1 the spiritually stronger--the 8little old men0 as the ,dukhobors call them2 and the second condition that these 8little old men0 be rational and loving4 ,at this ,congress the question of uniting property 7in common71 was discussed and the 8little old men0 were in favour of it1 but constantly repeated3 8,only let there be no violence1 let things be done voluntarily40 ,among the people and the ,dukhobors this respect and recognition of the necessity of fulfilling the resolutions of the old men exist4 ,and all this without forms2 the election of the elders and the methods of agreement4 #d7 ,no matter how you grind a crystal1 how you dissolve it1 compress it1 it will mould itself again at the first opportunity into the same form4 ,and so the structure of society will be always the same1 no matter to what changes you submit it4 ,the form of a crystal will only then be changed when chemical changes occur in it1 inner ones2 the same with society4 #e7 ,it would be good to write a preface to ,spier#afi containing the following3 ,the world is such as we see it1 only if there do not exist any other beings differently built from us and endowed with other senses than ours4 ,if we see not only the possibility1 but the necessity1 of the existence of other beings endowed with other senses than ours1 then the world is in no case1 merely such as we see it4 ,our imagination of the world shows only our attitude to the world1 just as the visual picture which we form for ourselves from what we see as far as the horizon and the sky represents in no way the actual outlines of the objects seen4 ,the other senses1 hearing1 smell1 principally--touch1 in verifying our visual impressions give us a more definite conception of the seen objects2 but that which we know as broad1 thick1 hard or soft or how the things seen by us sound or smell1 do not prove that we know these things fully and that if a new sense 7above the five7 were given us1 it would not disclose to us that our conception of things formed by our five senses was not just as deceptive as that conception of the flatness of objects and their diminishing in perspective which sight only gives us4 ,i see a man in the mirror1 hear his voice and am fully convinced that he is a real man2 but ,i approach1 ,i want to grasp his hand and ,i touch the glass of the mirror and see my delusion4 ,the same thing must come to pass in a dying man2 a new feeling is born which discloses to him 7through his new feeling and the new knowledge it gives him7 the delusion of recognising his body as himself1 and of all that he recognised as existing through the means of the senses of this body4 ,so that the world is certainly not such as we know it to be3 let there be other instruments of knowledge--and there will be another world4 ,but no matter how that which we consider as the world1 our attitude to the world1 should change--one thing is unalterably such as we know it and is always unchanging1 it is that which knows4 ,and it knows not only in me1 but in everything which knows4 ,this thing which knows is the same everywhere and in everything and in itself4 ,it is ,god1 and it is that for some reason limited particle of ,god which composes our actual 8self40 ,but what then1 is this ,god1 i4 e41 something eternal1 infinite1 omnipotent1 which has become mortal1 finite1 weak8 ,why did ,god divide himself within himself8 ,i do not know1 but ,i know that this is so1 and that in this is life4 ,all that we know is nothing else than just such divisions of ,god4 ,all that we know as the world is the knowledge of these divisions4 ,our knowledge of the world 7that which we call matter in space and time7 is the contact of the limits of our divinity with its other divisions4 ,birth and death are the transitions from one division into another4 #f7 ,the difference between ,christian happiness and pagan is this1 that the pagan seeks happiness1 prepares it for himself1 awaits it1 demands it--the ,christian seeks1 prepares1 awaits and demands the kingdom of ,god and accepts happiness when it comes as something unexpected1 undeserved1 unprepared4 ,and it is no less4 ,jan4 #ah4 ,moscow4 ,dismal1 horrid4 ,everything repels me in the life they lead around me4 ,now ,i free myself from sadness and suffering1 then again ,i fall into it4 ,in nothing is it so apparent1 as in this1 how far ,i am from what ,i want to be4 ,if my life were really entirely in the service of ,god1 there would be nothing which could disturb it4 ,i am still writing on art4 ,it is bad4 ,a ,dukhobor was here4 ,feb4 #d4 ,nicholskoe with the ,olsuphievs4 ,i am already here the #dth day and am inexpressibly sad4 ,i am writing badly on art4 ,i just now prayed and became horrified at how low ,i have fallen4 ,i think1 ,i ask myself1 what am ,i to do2 ,i doubt1 ,i hesitate1 as if ,i did not know or had forgotten who ,i was and therefore what ,i was to do4 ,to remember that ,i am not master1 but servant and to do that to which ,i have been put4 ,with what labour have ,i struggled and attained this knowledge1 how undoubted is this knowledge and how ,i can forget it nevertheless--not exactly forget it1 but live without applying it4 444 ,well1 enough about this4 ,i am going to write out what ,i thought during this time3 #a7 ,when all is said and done1 it is those people over whom violence is used who always rule1 i4e41 those who fulfil the law of non-resistance4 ,so women seek rights1 but it is they who rule1 just because they are the ones subjected to force--they were and they still are4 ,institutions are in the power of men1 but public opinion is in the power of women4 ,and public opinion is a million times stronger than any laws and armies4 ,the proof that public opinion is in the hands of women is that not only the construction of homes1 food1 are determined by women1 and not only do the women spend the wealth1 consequently control the labour of men1 but the success of works of art1 of books1 even the appointment of rulers1 are determined by public opinion2 and public opinion is determined by women4 ,some one well said that men must seek emancipation from women1 and not the contrary4 #b7 7,for ,the ,appeal74#agj ,unmask the deceivers1 spread the truth and do not fear4 ,if it were a matter of spreading deception and murder1 then of course1 it would be terrible1 but here you would be spreading the freedom from deception and murder4 ,besides1 there is no ground for fear4 ,of whom8 ,they 444 are themselves afraid4 ,i remember there worked for us in our village a weak and phlegmatic #ab year-old boy who once caught on the road and brought back1 an enormous healthy peasant1 a thief1 who had taken a coat from the hall4 #c7 ,the poets1 the verse-makers torture their tongues in order to be able to say every possible kind of thought in every possible variety of word and to be able to form from all these words something which resembles a thought4 ,such exercise can only be indulged in by unserious people4 ,and so it is4 #d7 ,if we never moved1 then everything which we saw would appear to us flat and not in perspective4 ,motion gives us a conception of things in three dimensions of space4 ,the same thing is true concerning the material side of things3 if we weren't living1 were not moving in life1 we would see only the material side of things2 but moving in life1 moving our spiritual side across the material side of the world1 we recognise the falseness of the idea that the material is actually such as it appears to us4 #e7 ,twenty times ,i have repeated it1 and #bj times the thought comes to me as new1 that release from all excitement1 fear1 suffering1 from physical and especially from spiritual1 lies in destroying in one's self the illusion of the union of one's spiritual 8self0 with one's physical4 ,and this is always possible4 ,when the illusion is destroyed then the spiritual 8self0 can suffer only from the fact that it is joined to the physical1 but not from hunger1 pain1 sorrow1 jealousy1 shame1 etc4 ,in the first case1 as long as it is joined it does that which the physical 8self0 wants3 it gets angry1 condemns1 scolds1 strikes2 in the second case1 when it is separated from the physical1 it does only that which can free it from the torturing union4 ,and only the manifestations of love frees it4 #f7 ,for the article on ,art4 ,when it is beauty that is recognised as the aim of art1 then everything will be art which for certain people will appear as beauty1 i4e41 everything which will please certain people4 #g7 ,i have noted1 8the harm of art1 especially music0 and ,i wanted to write that ,i had forgotten1 but while ,i was writing1 ,i remembered4 ,the harm of art is principally this1 that it takes up time1 hiding from people their idleness4 ,i know that it is harmful when it encourages idleness both for the producers and those who enjoy it1 but ,i cannot see a clear definition of when it is permissible1 useful1 good4 ,i should like to say only then when it is a rest from labour1 like sleep1 but ,i do not yet know if that is so4 #h7 7,for ,the ,appeal74 ,you are mistaken1 you poor1 if you think that you can shame or touch or convince the rich man to divide with you4 ,he cannot do that because he sees that you want the same thing that he wants and that you are fighting him with the same means with which he fights you4 ,you will not only convince him1 but you will compel him to yield to you only by ceasing to seek that which he seeks1 ceasing to struggle with him1 but if you cease to struggle you will cease also 444 7very important74 #i7 ,if the end of art is not the good1 but pleasure1 then the distribution of art will be different4 ,if its end is the good1 then it will inevitably be spread among the greatest number of people2 if its end is pleasure1 then it will be confined to a small number 7not exact and still unclear74 #aj7 ,art is--,i was going to write food1 but it is better to say--sleep1 necessary for the sustenance of the spiritual life4 ,sleep is useful1 necessary after labour4 ,but artificial sleep is harmful1 does not refresh1 does not stimulate1 but weakens4 #aa7 ,i heard counterpoint singing and 444#aga ,this is the destruction of music1 a means of perverting it4 ,there is no sense to it1 no melody1 and any first senseless sequence of sounds are taken and from the combination of these insignificant sequences is formed some kind of a tedious resemblance to music4 ,the best is when the last chord is finished4 #ab7 ,the most severe and consequential agnostic1 whether he wants it or does not want it1 recognises ,god4 ,he cannot but recognise that in the first place1 in the existence both of himself and of the whole world1 there is some meaning inaccessible to him2 and in the second1 there is a law of his life1 a law to which he can submit or from which he can escape4 ,and it is this recognition of the highest meaning of life1 inaccessible to man but inevitably existing1 and of the law of one's life1 which is ,god and ,his will4 ,and this recognition of ,god is immensely stronger than the recognition of 444 etc4 ,to believe like this means to dig to bedrock1 to the mainland1 and to build the house on that4 #ac7 ,stepa#agb related the physiologic process which takes place in the infant when it separates from its mother4 ,truly it is a miracle4 ,this thought occupied me in relation to the doctrine that everything material is illusion4 ,how can illusion take place there where ,i do not see it8 ,as you see it1 so it takes place4 ,you see everything through your glasses4 ,that is well enough as regards all other phenomena1 but here the most fundamental thing is taking place1 that from which the whole of my life and of everything living is composed3 the detachment from the world4 ,and here right in front of my eyes this detachment is taking place2 there was one and there became two1 like among the first cells1 7unclear47 #ad7 ,every living being carries within himself all the possibilities of its ancestors4 ,having been detached1 he manifests several of them1 but carries in himself the remaining ones and acquires new ones4 ,in this lies the process of life2 to unite and to separate4 7,still more unclear47 ,i have decided no matter what happens1 to write every day4 ,nothing strengthens one so much for the good4 ,it is the best prayer4 ,evening1 ,february #d4 ,nicholskoe4 ,in the morning ,i wrote this diary and later tried to write1 but could do nothing2 had no desire4 ,undoubtedly if there be strength and capacity to write1 then one ought to serve ,god4 ,it is just as gloomy4 ,i do not pray enough1 hourly4 ,february #e1 ,nicholskoe4 ,if ,i live4 ,february #e1 ,nicholskoe4 ,still the same intellectual1 creative1 weakness4 ,but ,i think it is almost hopeless4 ,there was a search at ,chertkov's4 ,s4 arrived4 ,i thought3 ,i1 a worker1 am ,i doing the work commanded8 ,in this is everything4 ,lord1 help me4 ,feb4 #f4 ,nicholskoe4 ,in the morning ,gorbunov arrived2 in the evening a telegram that the ,chertkovs are leaving on ,thursday4#agc ,i prepared to go with ,sonya4#agd ,am just going4 ,health better4 ,feb4 #g4 ,petersburg4 ,went to ,chertkov4 ,it is joyous there4 ,then to ,yaroshenko4#age 444 ,i pray that ,i do not abandon here or anywhere the consciousness of my mission1 to be fulfilled by kindness4 ,feb4 #h4 ,petersburg4 ,if ,i live4 ,i was alive1 but made no entries the two days4 ,to-day1 ,feb4 #aj4 ,it doesn't matter1 it doesn't matter1 silence4 ,i was at ,stasov's and ,tolstoi's4#agf ,did nothing bad1 but nothing good either4 ,rather some good4 ,lord keep me from a spell1 but ,i am better4 ,have thought nothing4 ,again at the ,olsuphievs in ,nicholskoe1 ,feb4 #af4 ,i returned on the morning of the day before yesterday1 and fell ill4 ,yesterday ,i was better1 wrote on art4 ,good4 444 ,women do not consider the demands of reason binding upon themselves and cannot progress according to them4 ,they haven't got this sail spread4 ,they row without a rudder4#agg ,i am again feeling unwell and very sweetly sad4 ,wrote a letter to the ,chertkovs and to ,posha4 ,am not working4 ,feb4 #ag4 ,nicholskoe4 ,i do not feel well4 ,i tried to write on art4444 444 ,received letters2 an adaptation of ,on ,life from the ,american4#agh ,wrote two letters to ,sonya yesterday and sent them to-day4#agi ,having been thinking even before ,petersburg3 #a7 7,for ,the ,appeal73 ,to describe the condition of the factory workers1 the servants1 soldiers1 agricultural labourers in comparison with the rich1 and show that it all comes from4444 #b7 ,in the ,middle ,ages1 in the ,x,ith ,century1 poetry was general--the people and the masters1 les courtois et les vilains2 then they separated and les vilains began to mimic the masters' and the masters the people's4 ,a union ought to take place again4 #c7 ,a hundred times ,i have said it to myself and have written it down3 the real and only salvation from all sorrow is the knowledge of one's mission1 the anxiety whether you have done that for which you were sent4 #d7 ,nearly every husband and wife reproach each other for things for which they do not consider themselves guilty4 ,but on the one side there is no ceasing to accuse1 nor on the other to vindicate4 #e7 ,they do not run after a poet or a painter so much1 as after an actor1 and especially after a musician4 ,music calls forth a direct physical effect1 sometimes acute1 sometimes chronic4 #f7 ,we absolutely falsely ascribe intelligence and goodness to talent1 and the same to beauty4 ,in this lies great self-delusion4 #g7 ,it came into my head with remarkable clearness that in order to always feel good1 it is necessary always to think of others1 especially when you speak with some one4 #h7 ,the movement of life1 the broadening of a separate being gives time4 ,if there would be no movement1 no enlarging of love1 then there would be no time2 as to space1 it is the representation of other beings4 ,if there were no other beings1 there would be no space4 7,all nonsense1 unthought74 #i7 ,women are deprived of a moral sense for a motor4 ,they haven't got this sail spread and therefore it does not carry4 ,feb4 #ah1 ,nicholskoe4 ,if ,i live4 ,feb4 #ah4 ,nicholskoe4 ,forty-five years ago ,i was in battle4#ahj ,i feel a great sinking in energy4 ,i am very weak1 cannot work4 ,but is it not possible to live unceasingly before ,god1 doing ,his work in proportion to ,his strength4 ,i shall try4 ,help me1 ,lord4 ,i shall take up the letters4 ,here demands are made1 and it is possible to fulfil ,his work4 ,evening4 ,indisposed4 ,apathy1 weakness4 ,am not taking up the essay1#aha wrote letters4 ,just now a letter from ,biriukov4 ,i answered it4 ,february #ai4 ,nicholskoe4 ,i am just as apathetic1 but am not worried4 ,wrote letters4 ,wrote to every one4 ,i am going to bed1 it is past twelve4 ,to-day1 ,feb4 #bj1 ,nicholskoe4 ,seven o'clock in the evening4 ,i still feel just as badly2 constipation and heart-burn4 ,i fell asleep in the morning4 ,then1 not trying to work1 ,i took a walk4 ,extreme weakness4 ,my soul is calm1 only it is a bore that ,i am unable to work4 ,the house is full of people4 444 ,yesterday ,i wrote many letters4 ,i walked and thought3 ,there is no greater cause for error and confusion of ideas1 the most unexpected ones1 and inexplicable in any other way1 than the recognition of authorities1 i4e41 the infallible truthfulness or beauty of certain persons1 of books or of works of art4 ,m4 ,arnold#ahb was a thousand times right when he said that the business of criticism lies in detaching the good from the bad1 from all that has been written and done1 and mainly the bad from that which is recognised as splendid1 and the good from that which is recognised as bad1 or is not recognised at all4 ,the most striking instance of this error and its terrible consequences1 holding back for ages the forward movement of ,christian mankind1 is the authority of the ,holy ,scriptures and the ,gospels4 ,how many of the most unexpected and remarkable absurdities1 sometimes necessary for its own justification1 sometimes not necessary for anything1 are said and written in the text of the ,holy ,scriptures4444 ,the same thing happens in the ,greek ,tragedies1 in ,vergil1 ,shakespeare1 ,goethe1 ,bach1 ,beethoven1 ,raphael and in the new authorities4 ,perhaps ,i omitted the #bast4 ,to-day1 perhaps the #bbnd4 ,february1 ,saturday4 ,nicholskoe4 ,yesterday ,i did not work4 ,i read through the first draft on art--pretty good4 ,i went for ,yushkova's#ahc dress4 ,it was a nice trip4 ,in the evening they spoke about ,art and then ,i heard the brothers ,konius#ahd who arrived4444 ,to-day ,i am a little better in my health1 ,i went on skiis and felt weak at heart and uneasy when ,i went far4 ,it is evening now4 ,i feel like writing letters4 ,i thought for ,the ,appeal when ,i looked at the numberless sons of ,n4 in their overcoats3 ,he is bringing them up1 8making0 men of the world of them4 ,what for8 ,you will say3 you live as you do for the sake of the children4 ,what for8 ,why bring up another generation of the same cheated slaves1 not knowing why they live1 and living such a joyless life8 ,feb4 #bc4 ,nicholskoe4 ,if ,i live4 ,february #bc1 ,nicholskoe4 ,to-day ,i wrote willingly and eagerly all morning and it seems to me ,i advanced on the essay on art4 ,then ,i took a walk before dinner4 ,there is still a pile of people4 ,no serious talk4 ,yesterday there was music4444 ,to-day an amateur theatrical4 ,tania and ,michail ,adamovich played very well4#ahe ,it is now evening4 ,the day has passed almost without heart-burn4 ,february #bd4 ,nicholskoe4 ,to-day ,i arose apathetic and fell asleep again right after luncheon4 ,after one1 ,i went to meet the riders4 ,came home1 dined4 ,am struggling successfully with heart-burn4 ,went for a walk in the evening4 ,read and am reading ,aristotle 7,bnard7 on sthetics4 ,very important4 ,thought during these days3 #a7 ,thought2 why is it impossible to even speak to some people 444 about truth and good--so far are they away from it4 ,this is so1 because they are surrounded by such a thick layer of temptations that they have become impenetrable4 ,they are unable to struggle with sin1 because they do not see the sin for the temptations4 ,in this lies the principal danger and all the horror of temptations4 #b7 ,they say to me when ,i condemn religious propaganda3 ,you also are preaching4 ,no1 ,i do not preach--mainly because ,i have nothing to preach4 ,even to atheists ,i am not going to preach ,god 7if ,i preached1 ,i erred74 ,i only draw conclusions from what people accept1 pointing out the contradictions which are enclosed in what they accept1 and which they do not notice4 #c7 444 a general1 respectable1 clean1 correct1 with thick eye-brows and important mien 7and uncommonly good-natured1 but deprived of every moral motive sense7 gave me the striking thought1 as to how and by what means those most indifferent to social life1 to the good of society--as to how just those people rise involuntarily to the position of rulers of people4 ,i see how he will manage institutions upon which a million lives depend1 and just because he likes cleanliness1 elegance1 refined food1 dancing1 hunting1 billiards and every possible kind of amusement1 and not having the means to keep himself in those regiments1 or institutions1 or societies where all this exist1 is advanced little by little as a good and harmless man and made a ruler of people4 ,all are like ,n4 and their name is legion4 #d7 ,i am reading ,aristotle4 ,he says in ,politics 7,book ,,vii1 ,chapter ,,viii73 8,dans cette rpublique parfaite1 o la vertu des citoyens sera rele1 ils s'abstiendront de toute profession mchanique1 de toute spculation mercantile1 travaux dgrads 7dgradants87#ahf et contraires la vertu4 ,ils ne se livreront pas davantage l'agriculture4 ,il faut du loisir pour acqurir la vertu0 444#ahg ,all his sthetics has for its end 77#ahh virtue4 ,and we with the ,christian understanding of the brotherhood of man want to be guided by the ethical and sthetical conception of the ancients66 ,feb4 #be4 ,nicholskoe4 ,if ,i live4 ,february #be4 ,nicholskoe4 ,i am alive4 ,i have written a little--not as easily as yesterday4 ,the guests have departed4 ,went for a walk twice4 ,am reading ,aristotle4 ,to-day ,i received letters 444 ,yesterday1 while walking1 ,i prayed and experienced a remarkable sensation which is perhaps similar to that which the mystics excite in themselves by spiritual works2 ,i felt myself to be a spiritual1 free being bound by the illusion of the body4 ,feb4 #bf4 ,nicholskoe4 ,if ,i live4 ,feb4 #bf1 ,nicholskoe4 ,i am alive4 ,i am writing1 so as to keep my resolution4 ,to-day ,i wrote letters all morning1 but ,i had no energy for work4 ,went to ,mme4 ,shorin4#ahi ,i had a good talk with her4 ,perhaps even to some purpose4 ,just as ,anna ,michailovna#aij said to-day1 that ,i helped her4 ,and thanks be4 ,i copied the letter to ,posha4 ,feb4 #bg4 ,nicholskoe4 ,wrote this morning poorly1 but cleared up something or other4 ,am well4 ,took a walk4 ,spoke with ,tania4 ,and that is all4 ,yesterday was ,feb4 #bh4 ,nicholskoe4 ,i have written nothing4 ,in the morning ,i worked badly4 ,received a letter from ,chertkov and ,ivan ,michailovich and wrote to both4 ,walked and went to ,safonovo4#aia ,this morning ,i thought of something which seemed to me important1 namely3 #a7 ,i wiped away the dust in my room and walking around1 came to the divan and could not remember whether ,i had dusted it or not4 ,just because these movements are customary and unconscious ,i could not remember them and ,i felt that it was impossible to4 ,so that if ,i dusted and forgot it1 i4e41 if ,i did an act unconsciously2 then it is just the same as if it never existed4 ,if some one conscious saw it1 then perhaps it could be restored4 ,but if no one saw it1 or saw it unconsciously2 if the whole complex life of many people pass along unconsciously1 then that life is as if it had never existed4 ,so that life--life only exists then1 when it is lit by consciousness4 ,what1 then1 is this consciousness8 ,what are the acts which are lit by consciousness8 ,the acts which are lit by consciousness are those acts which we fulfil freely1 i4e41 fulfilling them we know that we might have acted otherwise4 ,therefore1 consciousness is freedom4 ,without consciousness there is no freedom and without freedom there can be no consciousness 7if we are subjected to violence and we have no choice as to how we should bear that violence1 we do not feel the violence74 ,memory is nothing else than the consciousness of the past1 of the past freedom4 ,if ,i were unable to dust or not to dust1 ,i would not be conscious of dusting1 if ,i were not conscious of dusting1 ,i would not have the choice of dusting or not dusting4 ,if ,i did not have consciousness and freedom1 ,i would not remember the past1 ,i would not unite it into one4 ,therefore the very basis of life is freedom and consciousness--a freedom-consciousness4 7,it seemed to me clearer when ,i was thinking47 ,march #a1 ,nicholskoe4 444 ,to-day ,i could not write anything in the morning at all--fell asleep4 ,i took a walk both in the morning and in the evening4 ,it was very pleasant4 ,i thought two things3 #a7 ,that death seems to me now just as a change3 a discharge from a former post and an appointment to a new one4 ,it seems that ,i am all worn out for the former post and ,i am no longer fit4 #b7 ,i thought about ,n as a good character for a drama2 good-natured1 clean1 spoilt1 loving pleasure but good1 and incapable of conceiving a radical moral requirement4 ,i also thought3 #c7 ,there is only one means for steadfastness and peace3 love1 love towards enemies4 ,yes1 here this problem was presented to me from a special1 unexpected angle and how badly ,i was able to solve it4 ,i must try harder4 ,help me1 ,father4 ,march #b1 ,nicholskoe4 ,if ,i live4 ,march #b1 ,nicholskoe4 ,i am alive4 ,entirely well4 ,to-day ,i wrote pretty well4 ,in the evening after dinner ,i went to ,shelkovo4 ,it was a very pleasant walk in the moonlight4 ,wrote a letter to ,posha4 ,received a letter from ,tregubov4 ,he is irritated because they intercept the letters4 ,but ,i am not vexed4 ,i have understood that one has to pity them1 and ,i pity truly4 ,to-morrow we go4 ,we have been here a whole month4 ,yesterday was ,march #crd4 ,moscow4 ,in the morning ,i did almost nothing4 ,i stumbled up against the historic course of art4 ,i took a walk4 ,after dinner ,i left4 ,i arrived at #aj4 ,march #d1 ,moscow4 ,got up late4 ,handled my papers1 wrote letters to ,posha1 ,nakashidze4 ,went to the public library1 took books4 ,in the evening ,dunaev and ,boulanger were here4 ,it is now late4 ,i am going to bed4 ,s4 is at a concert4 ,march #e4 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,heavens1 how many days ,i have skipped3 ,to-day1 ,march #i4 ,moscow4 ,out of the four days1 ,i wrote two days on art and to-day pretty much4 ,i wanted to write ,hadji ,murad very much and thought out something pretty well--touching4 ,a letter from ,posha4 ,wrote to ,chertkov and ,koni about the terrible thing that happened to ,miss ,vietrov4#aib ,i am not going to write out what ,i have noted4 ,i am still in the same peaceful1 because loving1 mood4 ,as soon as ,i feel like being hurt or wearied ,i remember ,god and that my work is only one1 to love1 not to think of that which will be--and ,i feel better right away4 ,tania is going to ,yasnaya4 ,to-day1 ,march #ae1 ,moscow4 ,lived not badly4 ,i see the end of the essay on art4 ,still the same peace4 ,i thank ,god4 ,i have just now written letters4 ,it is evening4 ,i am going into the tedious drawing-room4 ,to-day1 ,april #d1 ,moscow4 ,almost a month ,i have not written 7#bj days71 and ,i have lived the time badly1 because ,i worked little4 ,wrote all the time on art1 became confused these last days4 ,and now for two days ,i haven't written4 ,i have not lost my peace1 but my soul is troubled1 still ,i am master of it4 ,oh1 ,lord6 ,if only ,i could remember my mission1 that through oneself must be manifested 7shine7 divinity4 ,but the difficulty is1 that if you remember that alone you will not live2 and you must live1 live energetically1 and yet remember4 ,help me1 ,father4 ,i have prayed much lately that my life be better4 ,but as it is1 the consciousness of the lawlessness of my life is shameful and depressing4 ,yesterday ,i thought very well about ,hadji ,murad--that in it the principal thing was to express a deception of trust4 ,how good it would have been1 were it not for this deception4 ,also ,i am thinking more and more often of ,the ,appeal4 ,i am afraid that the theme of art has occupied me lately for personal1 selfish and bad reasons4 ,je m'entends4 ,during this time ,i made few notes and if ,i had been thinking about anything ,i have forgotten it4 #a7 ,the world which we know and represent for ourselves1 is nothing else than laws of co-relation between our senses 7sens71 and therefore1 a miracle is a violation of these laws of co-relation1 it therefore destroys our conception of the world4 ,in the crudest form1 it is thus3 ,i know that water 7not frozen7 is always liquid4 ,and its specific gravity is less than that of my body4 ,my eyes1 hearing1 touch1 demonstrate to me liquid water2 and suddenly a man walks on this water4 ,if he walked on the water1 then it proves nothing1 but only destroys my conception of water4 #b7 ,a very common mistake3 ,to place the aim of life in the service of people and not in the service of ,god4 ,only in serving ,god1 i4e41 in doing that which ,he wants1 can you be certain that you are not doing something vain and it is not impossible to choose whom you are to serve4 #c7 ,church ,christians do not want to serve ,god1 but want ,god to serve them4 #d7 ,shakespeare began to be valued when the moral criterion was lost4 #e7 7,for ,the ,appeal47 ,we are so entangled that every one of our steps in life is a participation in evil3 in violence1 in oppression4 ,we must not despair1 but we must slowly disentangle ourselves from those nets in which we are caught2 not to tear ourselves through1--that would entangle us worse--but to disentangle ourselves carefully4 #f7aic ,i am in a very bad physical condition1 almost fever1 and the black gloom that comes before1 but up to now the spiritual is the stronger4 ,escorted ,maude's colony4#aid ,ivan ,michailovich is still free4#aie ,everything is all right4 ,apr4 #i4 ,moscow4 ,have been ill4 ,with calmness ,i thought that ,i would die4 ,to-day ,i wrote well on ,art4 ,they have taken ,ivan ,michailovich4 ,there was a search at ,dunaev's4#aif ,it is all right with the exiles4#aig ,outwardly ,i am entirely calm1 inwardly not entirely4 ,it is enough to bear in mind that everything is for the good1 and when ,i bear that in mind as ,i do now--it is good4 ,to-day ,may #c4 ,yasnaya ,polyana4 ,almost a month ,i have made no entries4 ,a bad and sterile month4 ,i cut out and burned that which ,i wrote in heat4#aih ,to-day ,july #af4 ,y4 ,p4 ,it is not one month that ,i have made no entries1 but two and a half4 ,i have lived through much1 both the difficult and the good4#aii ,have been ill4 ,very severe pains--,i think in the beginning of ,july4#bjj ,i worked all this time on the essay on art1 and the farther ,i get the better4 ,i finished it and am correcting it from the beginning4 ,masha married4#bja444 ,we do not quiet1 moderate passion1 the source of the greatest calamities1 but kindle it with all our strength and then we complain that we suffer4444 ,good letters from ,chertkov4 ,a ,kiev peasant was here1 ,shidlovsky4#bjb ,i feel that ,i am alone--that my life not only does not interest any one1 but that they are bored and ashamed that ,i continue to occupy myself with such trifles4 ,i thought during this time3 #a7 ,a type of woman--there are men such also1 but mostly it is women who are incapable of seeing themselves1 as if their necks were stationary and they could not look back at themselves4 ,it isn't exactly that they don't want to repent3 but they can't see themselves4 ,they live as they do and not in another way1 because this way seems good to them4 ,and therefore if they do anything it is because it seems good to them4 ,such people are terrifying4 ,and such people may be intelligent1 stupid1 good1 wicked4 ,when they are stupid and wicked it is terrible4 #b7 ,with a low moral standard1 a firmness of judgment4 ,the acts of all the best people are explained by what ,i would have done4 ,christ preached out of vanity1 condemned the ,pharisees from envy1 etc4 #c7 ,the second condition of art is novelty4 ,to a child everything is new and therefore it has many artistic impressions4 ,the new for us1 is a certain depth of feeling1 that depth in which a man finds his separate individuality from all4 ,that is for indifferent art4 ,for the highest1 novelty lies only in religion1 as religion is the most advanced world point of view4 #d7 7,for the drama47 ,they bring to the table a man in tatters and they laugh at the inconsistency of it and at his awkwardness4 ,revolt4 #e7 ,when it happens that you thought of something and then forgot what you thought1 but you remember and know the character of your thoughts3 sad1 dismal1 oppressive1 joyous1 keen--and even remember their order3 first it was sad1 and then it became calm1 etc41--when you remember things that way1 then it is exactly what music expresses4 #f7 ,a theme3 ,a passionate young man in love with a mentally diseased woman4 #g7 ,god gave us ,his spirit--love1 reason--in order to serve ,him2 but we use ,his spirit to serve ourselves--we use the axe to plane the handle4 ,i feel fully well and strong physically1 but morally1 weak4 ,i feel like working and am able4 ,i am going to make notes4#bjc ,july #ag4 ,yasn4 ,pol4 ,if ,i live4 ,july #ag4 ,y4 ,p4 ,got up late1 worked badly4 ,there is neither concentration nor capacity to embrace everything4 ,nevertheless ,i have advanced4 ,masha came with ,kolia 444 ,yesterday ,i talked about love with ,n3 that we madly kindle this passion and then we suffer from its exaggerations and excesses4 ,went on my bicycle to ,yasenki4 ,i love this motion very much4 ,but ,i am ashamed4 ,a letter from ,chertkov2 he is very ill4 ,i value him very much4 ,and how not value him4 ,it is now #aj o'clock4 ,the ,shenshins have left just now4 ,i feel solemn and gloomy4 ,july #ah1 #ahig4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,i skipped three days4 ,to-day ,july #ba4 ,y4 ,p4 ,i am working well enough4 ,i am even satisfied with my work4 ,though ,i change much4 ,everything has come to a head and has gained much4 ,i have been reviewing everything again from the beginning4 ,the life around me is very wretched4444 ,i do not know why3 whether from the stomach or the heat or from excessive physical exercise--but in the evenings ,i feel very weak4 ,a good speech by ,crookes as to how a microscopic man would look upon the world4#bjd ,yesterday ,novikov was here and he brought splendid notes by ,michael ,novikov4#bje ,wrote letters3 to ,carus1#bjf ,ivan ,michailovich4 ,a letter from ,evgenie ,ivanovich4#bjg ,july #bb4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,july #bh4 ,y4 ,p4 ,six days that ,i haven't written4 ,three or four days ago at night1 ,i had an attack of cholera morbus and the day after ,i was absolutely ill and for two days ,i have been very weak and have written very poorly4 ,to-day ,i am a little better4 ,the children were here3 ,iliushin's family4#bjh ,they are sweet grandchildren1 especially ,andrusha4 ,whatever notes ,i made1 ,i will not write out to-day4 ,longinov#bji was here1 a friend of ,mme4 ,annenkov's and to-day ,maude and ,boulanger4 ,july #bi4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,aug4 #g4 ,y4 ,p4 ,during this time a pile of guests#baj 444 two ,germans1 decadents2 a nave and a somewhat stupid one4444 ,there were here3 ,novikov1 the scribe1 a very powerful man1 and ,bulakhov1#baa also a powerful one morally and intellectually4 ,i live very badly1 weakly4 ,very little goodness4 ,to-day the ,stakhoviches#bab and the ,maklakovs#bac arrived also4 ,i continue to work on my essay on art and1 strange to say1 it pleases me4 ,yesterday and to-day ,i read it to ,ginsburg1 ,sobolev1 ,kasatkin#bad and ,goldenweiser4 ,the impression it produces on them is exactly the same as it produces on me4 ,a letter from ,crosby with a joyful letter from a ,japanese4#bae ,from ,chertkov good letters4 ,the correspondence has been very neglected4 ,i am entirely alone and ,i weaken4 ,i often say to myself that one must live serving1 but when ,i enter life1 though ,i do not exactly forget1 yet ,i scatter myself4 ,i have written down much1 but to-day ,i have no time to write it out4 ,father1 help me4 ,i weaken4 ,i am going to write absolutely every day4 ,aug4 #h4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,a peasant was here who had his arm torn by a tree and amputated4 ,he ploughs with a loop attached4 ,aug4 #i4 ,stakhovich arrived4 ,read the essay4 ,the tenth chapter is bad4 ,i worked pretty much4 ,have written poor letters4 ,i must write to ,posha and to ,ivan ,michailovich4 ,there is noted in the book3 #a7 ,a servant makes life false and corrupt4 ,as soon as you have servants1 then you increase your wants1 complicate life and make it a burden4 ,instead of joy when you do things yourself1 you have vexation and the principal thing1 you renounce the main duty of life2 the fulfilment of the brotherhood of man4 #b7 ,the sthetic and the ethical are two arms of one lever3 to the extent that you lengthen and lighten one side1 to that extent you shorten and make heavier the other side4 ,as soon as a man loses his moral sense1 he becomes particularly responsive to the sthetic4 #c7 ,people know two ,gods3 one whom they want to force to serve them1 demanding from him by prayers the fulfilment of their desires1 and another ,god1 one whom we ought to serve1 to the fulfilment of whose will1 all our desires ought to be directed4 #d7 ,it is a common phenomenon that old people love to travel1 to go far and to change places4 ,is it not a foreseeing and a readiness for the last journey8 ,aug4 #ae4 ,y4 ,p4 ,i am continuing to work4 ,am advancing4 ,lombroso was here--a limited1 nave little old man4 ,the ,maklakovs4 ,leo arrived with his wife4#baf ,boulanger--a nice man4 ,wrote letters to everybody3 ,posha and ,ivan ,michailovich and ,van-der-,veer4 ,the oppressive ,leontev#bag was here4 ,there was something ,i wanted to write very much1 but have forgotten4444 ,a revolting report concerning the missionary congress in ,kazan4#bah ,there is noted3 8,woman's character0--and ,i remember that it was something very good4 ,now ,i have forgotten4 ,it seems to me that it was that the peculiarity of woman's character is that her feeling alone guides her life1 and that reason only serves her feeling4 ,she cannot even understand that feeling can be made subservient to reason4 #b7 ,but there are not so many women--as there are such men--who do not hear1 do not see1 the unpleasant1 do not see it just as if it didn't exist4 #c7 ,when people haven't the power to get rid of superstition and they continue to pay tribute to it1 and at the same time when they see that others have freed themselves1 they grow angry at those who have freed themselves4 8,but ,i suffer when ,i commit stupidities and he is free40 #d7 ,art1 i4e41 artists1 instead of serving people1 exploit them4 #e7 ,from the time ,i became old1 ,i began to confuse people1 444 belonging or being marked in my mind as one type4 ,so that ,i do not know ,n1 ,n ,n1 but ,i know a collective personality to which ,n1 ,n ,n1 belong4 #f7 ,we are so accustomed to the thought that everything is for us1 that the earth is mine1 that when we have to die1 we are surprised that my earth1 something belonging to me1 will remain and ,i won't4 ,here the principal mistake is in thinking the earth as something acquired and complementary to me1 when it is ,i who am acquired by the earth1 an appendage to it4 #g7 ,how good it would be if we could live with the same concentration1 do the work of life--principally2 communion among people--with that concentration with which we play chess1 read music1 etc4 ,aug4 #af4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,sept4 #ai4 ,y4 ,p4 ,more than a month ,i have made no entries4 ,things are the same and the work has been advancing all the time4 ,and it could advance still more as to form1 but there is absolutely no time4 ,such an amount of work6 ,a typist is making the final copy on a ,remington4 ,i have reached the #aith chapter1 inclusive4 ,during this time the important thing was the expulsion of ,boulanger4#bai ,my work has been interrupted occasionally only by a letter to the ,swedish papers about the ,dukhobors#bbj on the occasion of the ,nobel prize4 ,also ill health interrupted3 a terrible boil on the cheek4 ,i thought it was a cancer1 and ,i am happy that it was not very unpleasant to think that3 ,i am receiving a new appointment2 one which in any case1 isn't slipping past me4 ,st4 ,john was here4#bba ,my work was interrupted also by the arrival of the ,molokans from ,samara--in reference to their children which were taken away4#bbb ,i wanted to write abroad and even wrote a very violent1 and what seemed to me1 strong letter1 but changed my mind4 ,it was not to be done before ,god4 ,i have to try again4 ,to-day ,i wrote letters3 to the ,emperor1#bbc to ,olsuphiev1#bbd to ,heath1#bbe and to ,e4 ,i4 ,chertkov1#bbf and saw the ,molokans off4 ,i wanted to write from my notebooks1 but it is late4 ,i am going to bed4 ,sept4 #bj4 ,yasn4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,sept4 #bj4 ,y4 ,p4 ,let me write even a few words4 ,the boil still bothers me very much4 ,i have no full libert d'esprit4 ,i wrote the ,swedish letter to-day1 and in the evening translated it into ,swedish#bbg with the ,swede4 ,i am not writing from the notebook1 but ,i will note that which entered my head with special vividness4 ,our life is so arranged that all our care for ourselves1 the use of our reason 7our spiritual forces7 for the care of ourselves1 brings only unhappiness4 ,and yet this egotism is necessary in order to live a separate life4 ,that is ,his mysterious will4 ,as soon as you live for yourself1 you perish2 when you live beyond yourself1 there is peace and joy both for yourself and for others4 ,sept4 #bj4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,sept4 #bb4 ,y4 ,p4 444 ,yesterday ,i finished the translation with ,langlet4 ,to-day ,i was busy with ,art1 but it didn't go at all1 and therefore the preceding did not please me4 ,s4 arrived to-day4 ,at night ,i thought of the separation of lust from love1 and that ether is a conception outside of the senses4 ,it is now past twelve in the morning4 ,i am waiting for ,ilya and ,andrusha4 ,i have just now written a letter to the editor of the ,tagblatt ,stockholm1 and to ,chertkov4 ,september #bc4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,oct4 #b4 ,y4 ,p4 ,i am working all the time on ,art4 ,the abscess is going away4 ,i should have liked more peace4 ,yes 444 ,to-day ,oct4 #ad4 ,y4 ,p4 444 ,i am still writing on art4 ,to-day ,i corrected the #ajth chapter4 ,i cleared up the vague parts4 ,i must write out the notebooks2 ,i am afraid ,i have forgotten much4 #a7 ,there is no greater prop for a selfish1 peaceful life1 than the occupation of art for art's sake4 ,the despot1 the villain1 must inevitably love art4 7,i have jotted down something on this order1 but ,i can't recall it now47 #b7 ,i imagined clearly to myself how joyous1 peaceful1 and fully free a life could be1 if one gave oneself entirely to ,god1 i4e41 in every instance in life to seek only one thing3 to do that which ,he wants--to do that in sickness1 in offence1 in humiliation1 in suffering1 in all temptations and in death--which would then be only a change in appointment4 ,weakness1 the non-fulfilment of that which ,god wants--what happens then8 ,nothing3 ,there is a return to the consciousness that only in its fulfilment is life4 ,the moments of weakness--they are the intervals between the letters of life1 not life4 ,father1 help me4 #c7 ,i saw in my sleep how ,i think1 ,i say1 that the whole matter lies in making an effort1 that very effort which is spoken of in the ,gospels3 8,the ,kingdom of ,god is attained by effort40 ,everything that is good1 everything that is real1 every true act of life is accomplished through efforts2 make no effort1 swim with the current and you do not live4 ,but1 however1 the 444 doctrine preaches that effort is sin1 it is pride1 it is relying on one's own strength3 the lay doctrine says the same thing3 effort by oneself is useless2 organisation1 surroundings do everything4 ,what error6 ,effort is more important than anything4 ,every least little bit of effort3 the conquering of laziness1 greed1 lust1 wrath1 depression--is the most important of important things2 it is the manifestation of ,god in life2 it is ,karma2 it is the broadening of one's 8self40 ,whatever had been marked off is guess work4#bbh #d7 ,details for ,hadji ,murad3 #a7 ,the shadow of an eagle over the slope of a mountain2 #b7 at the river1 on the sands1 are tracks of horses1 animals1 people2 #c7 riding into the forest1 the horses snort keenly2 #d7 from behind a clump of trees a goat jumped out4 #e7 ,when people are enthusiastic about ,shakespeare1 ,beethoven1 they are enthusiastic about their own thoughts1 dreams1 which are called forth by ,shakespeare1 ,beethoven1 just as people in love do not love the object of their love1 but what it calls forth in them4 ,in this enthusiasm1 there is no true reality of art1 but absolute boundlessness4 #f7 ,only then can one understand and feel ,god when one has understood clearly the unreality of everything material4 #g7 ,not long ago1 in the summer1 ,i felt ,god clearly for the first time2 that ,he existed and that ,i existed in ,him2 and that the only thing that existed was ,i in ,him3 in ,him1 like a limited thing in an unlimited thing1 in ,him also like a limited being in which ,he existed4 7,horribly bad1 unclear4 ,but ,i felt it clearly and especially keenly for the first time in my life47 ,in general1 ,i don't know why1 but ,i haven't the same religious feeling which ,i had when ,i formerly wrote my ,journal for no one4 ,the fact that it was read and that it can be read1 kills this feeling4 ,but the feeling was precious and helped me in life4 ,i am going to begin anew from the present date1 the #adth1 to write again as before--so that no one will read it during my life time4 ,if there will be thoughts worth it1 ,i can write them out and send them to ,chertkov4#bbi #h7 ,a man incapable of repentance has no salvation from his sins4 ,even if his sins are pointed out to him1 he only gets angry at those who point them out1 and a new sin is added4 #i7 ,all attempts to live on the land and feed oneself by one's own labour have been unsuccessful1 and could not help being unsuccessful in ,russia1 because it is necessary for a man of our education feeding himself by his own labour1 to compete with the peasant--who fixes the prices1 beating them down by his offer4 ,but he was brought up for generations in stern life and stubborn work1 while we were brought up for generations in luxurious life and idle laziness4 ,from this it does not follow that one ought not to try to feed one's self by one's own labour1 but only that it is impossible to expect its realisation in the first generation4 #aj7 ,all calamities which are born from sex relations1 from being in love1 come from this1 that we confuse fleshly lust with spiritual life1 with--terrible to say--love2 we use our reason not to condemn and limit this passion1 but to adorn it with the peacock feathers of spirituality4 ,here is where les extremes se touchent4 ,to attribute every attraction between the sexes to sex desire seems very materialistic1 but1 on the contrary1 it is the most spiritual point of view3 to distinguish from the realm of the spiritual everything which does not belong to it1 in order to be able to value it highly4 #aa7 ,everything that ,i know is the product of my senses4 ,my senses demonstrate to me my limits1 coming in contact with the limits of other beings4 ,this sensation1 or the knowledge of limits1 we recognise and cannot recognise otherwise1 than as matter4 ,and in this matter we see either only matter or beings who like us are bound by limits4 ,the beings near to us in size1 from the elephant to the insect1 we know--we know their limits4 ,the beings that are far from us in size1 like atoms or like the stars1 we recognise as matter only4 ,but besides these two kinds of beings which we know by our senses1 we must inevitably acknowledge still other beings 7not spiritual beings like us1--that is obvious7 not recognisable by our senses1 but which are material1 i4e41 they also form limits4 ,such beings are atoms1 ether4 ,the presence of these beings1 the admission of which is demanded by our reason1 undoubtedly proves that our senses give us only a one-sided and a very limited knowledge of other beings and of the outer world4 ,so that we can imagine for ourselves such beings endowed with such senses 7sens7 for whom ether would give the very same reality1 as matter for us4 7,it is still unclear1 but understandable47 #ab7 ,if we would always remember that our tongue was given us for the transmission of our thoughts1 and the capacity of thinking for the understanding of ,god and ,his law of love1 and that therefore you must talk only then when you have something good to say6 ,but when you cannot say anything good1 cannot keep back the bad--then be silent1 even all your life4 #ac7 ,as soon as you have a disagreeable feeling towards a man1 it means there is something you don't know4 ,and you ought to find out3 you ought to find out the motives of that act which was disagreeable to you4 ,and as soon as you have understood the motives clearly then it can anger you as little as a falling stone4 #ad7 ,you get angry at a woman because she does not understand--or she understands1 but does not do that which her reason tells her4 ,she is unable to do it4 ,just as a magnet acts on iron and does not act on wood1 so are the conclusions of reason not binding on her--have no motor power4 ,for her feeling is binding1 and the conclusions of reasons are so only when they are transmitted by authorities1 i4e41 by the feeling of the desire not to remain behind others4 ,so that she will not believe and will not follow an obvious demand of reason1 if it be not confirmed by an authority2 but she will believe and follow the greatest absurdity if only every one does it4 ,she cannot do otherwise4 ,but we get angry4 ,there are also many men like that--womanish4 #ae7 ,one has to serve others1 not oneself1 if only for the reason that in the serving of others there is a limit and therefore it is possible here to act rationally1 build a house for him who is without1 buy cattle1 clothes2 but in the serving of oneself there is no limit3 the more you serve1 the worse it is4 #af7 ,time is only for the body3 it is the relationship of beings with the various limits seen by us1 to beings whose limits we do not see2 to the movement of the sun1 the moon1 the earth1 to the movement of the sands in the hour-glass4 ,and therefore time is for that which we call the body1 for that which has limits2 but for that which has no limits3 for the spiritual--there is no time4 ,therefore you remember only those times in which you lived spiritually4 7,unclear1 but was clear47 #ag7 ,we suffer from ourselves1 from the demands of our 8self10 and we all know that the only means for not suffering from that 8self10 is to forget it4 ,and we seek forgetfulness in distractions1 in occupations with art1 science1 in wine1 in smoking--and there is no real forgetfulness4 ,but ,god made it so that there should be only one real forgetfulness1 one that is real and always at hand--in the care for others1 in the serving of others4 ,but ,i forgot this and ,i live a terribly selfish life1 and therefore ,i am unhappy4 #ah7 ,i went past the out-houses4 ,i remembered the nights that ,i spent there1 and the youth and the beauty of ,duniasha 7,i never had any relation with her71 her strong1 womanly body4 ,where is it8 ,it has been long nothing but bones4 ,what are those bones8 ,what is their relation to ,duniasha8 ,there was a time when those bones formed a part of that separate being which had been ,duniasha4 ,then this being changed its centre and that which had been ,duniasha became a part of another being1 enormous1 inconceivable to me in magnitude1 which ,i call earth4 ,we do not know the life of the earth1 and therefore we think it dead1 just like an insect who lives one hour thinks my body dead1 because he does not see its movement4 #ai7 ,space is the relation of various limited beings among themselves4 ,it exists4 ,but time is only the relation of the movement of living beings among themselves1 and the movement of matter which we consider dead4 #bj7 ,the most horrible of all is intoxication3 of wine1 of games1 of money greed1 of politics1 of art1 of being in love4 ,it is impossible to speak with such people as long as they haven't slept it off4 ,it is terrible4#bcj ,the letter to ,stockholm has been printed4 ,oct4 #ae4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,oct4 #af4 ,y4 ,p4 ,did not write yesterday4 ,my health is entirely improved4444 ,from ,olga ,dieterichs1 a letter from ,chertkov4 ,it is evident that as a result1 he and she also have lived through difficult times4#bca ,last night and to-day1 ,i wanted to write ,hadji ,murad4 ,began it4 ,it has a semblance of something1 but ,i did not continue it1 because ,i was not in full mastery4 ,i ought not to spoil it by forcing4 ,up to now the ,peterburgskia ,viedomosti has not printed it4#bcb ,i have noted3 #a7 ,i have noted many resolutions1 rules1 which if ,i could remember1 ,i would live well4 ,but the rules are too many1 and it is impossible to remember them always4 ,the same thing as to imitations of art3 the rules are too many1 and to remember them always is impossible2 it ought to come from within1 be guided by feeling4 ,the same thing in life4 ,if only you are touched by feeling1 if you live in ,god1 then you would not recede from a single rule and you would do more than is in the rules4 ,if one could only always be in this state4 ,but to-day1 just now1 ,i was in the worst mood4 ,i was angry with everything4 ,what does it mean8 ,how explain this state to oneself8 #b7 ,this explanation came to me3 the soul1 the spiritual essence1 can live in its own centre or within its own limits4 ,living in itself1 it is not conscious of its limits2 living in the periphery it incessantly and painfully feels its limits4 ,a release from this state is the recognition of the illusion of the material world1 to go away from the limits1 to concentrate in oneself4 7,unclear47 ,oct4 #ag4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,oct4 #ag4 ,y4 ,p4 #ab midnight4 444 ,help me1 ,lord1 to act not according to my will1 but according to ,thine4 ,received a letter from ,n about ,beller and other ministers who preach the inconsistency of military service and ,christianity1#bcc and about ,chertkov1 that he was fussy1 had sinned and had fallen ill4#bcd ,am correcting the #ajth chapter1 it is about to be sent off4#bce444 ,my letter was printed in the ,peterburgskia ,viedomosti4 ,i thought3 ,the road of all evil and of all suffering is not so much ignorance as false knowledge--deception4 ,the ,appeal ought to be finished with an appeal for all to help towards the abolition of deception4 ,oct4 #ah4 ,yasn4 ,pol4 ,if ,i live4 ,yesterday ,i made no notes2 to-day ,oct4 #ai4 ,y4 ,p4 444 ,both yesterday and to-day ,i felt great apathy1 although ,i was well4 ,i don't feel like working4 ,corrected ,chapters #ac1 #ad1 #ae4 ,i received the re-copied chapters from ,moscow and the conclusion4 ,yesterday ,i went to ,yasenki4 ,to-day ,i chopped wood and carried it4 ,novikov was here4 ,viacheslav#bcf spent the night4 ,to-day a letter from ,boulanger4 ,i want to write to him right away and to my wife4 ,i ought to write to ,salomon4 ,solitude nevertheless is very pleasant4 ,oct4 #bj4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,oct4 #ba4 ,y4 ,p4 ,received proof of the ,carpenter article from ,sieverni ,viestnik and began to write a preface4 ,corrected ,art1 received letters from ,chertkov and ,boulanger4 ,yesterday my work didn't go4 ,went to ,yasenki4 ,just now1 remaining alone after my work1 ,i asked myself what ,i should do1 and having no personal desire 7except the bodily demands arising only when ,i want to eat or sleep7 ,i felt so keenly the joy of the knowledge of the ,will of ,god1 that ,i need and want nothing but to do what ,he wants4 ,this feeling arose as a result of the question which ,i myself put to myself when ,i remained alone in the silence3 ,who am ,i8 ,why am ,i8 ,and the answer came so clearly by itself3 ,no matter who and what ,i am1 ,i have been sent by some one to do something4 ,well1 let me do that work4 ,and so joyously and so well did ,i feel my fusion with the ,will of ,god4 ,this is my second live feeling for ,god4 ,then ,i simply felt love for ,god4 ,at this moment1 ,i cannot remember how it was2 ,i only remember that it was a joyful feeling4 ,oh1 what happiness is solitude6 ,to-day it is so good3 you feel ,god4 ,oct4 #bb4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,oct4 #bb4 ,y4 ,p4 ,i am writing in the evening4 ,all day ,i did not feel like working4 ,i slept badly4444 ,i corrected the #aath chapter in the morning1 in the evening ,i began the #abth4 ,i was unable to do anything--there is a boil on my head and my feet perspire4 ,is it from the honey8 ,aphanasi#bcg and ,maria ,alexandrovna were here4 ,it is evening now4 ,i am alone and horribly sad4 ,i have neither doubts nor hurts1 but am sad and want to cry4 ,oh1 ,i must prepare myself more1 more1 for the new appointment4 ,a letter from ,grot2#bch ,i ought to give him 8,concerning ,art40 ,thought only this3 ,in childhood1 youth1 the senses 7sens7 are very definite1 the limits are firm4 ,the longer you live1 the more and more do these limits become wiped out1 the senses get dulled--there is established a different attitude towards the world4 ,oct4 #bc4 ,if ,i live4 ,oct4 #bf4 ,y4 ,p4 ,a very strange thing3 ,it is the third day that ,i cannot write4 ,am displeased with everything that ,i have written4 ,there is something new and very important for ,art1 but ,i cannot express it clearly in any way4 ,a letter from ,vanderveer4 ,it is now morning1 will go to the post4 ,to-day ,nov4 #aj4 ,y4 ,p4 ,i have lived through much these two weeks4 ,the work is still the same2 ,i think ,i have finished it4 ,to-day ,i have written letters and among them one to ,grot to be set up in type4 ,s was here1 she left for ,moscow from ,pirogovo1 where we went together4 ,it was good there4 ,since ,i have come home1 my back has ached and in the evening ,i have fever4 ,alexander ,petrovich#bci is writing in the house4444 ,to-day ,i wrote #i letters4 ,one letter to ,khilkov1#bdj remained4 ,how terrible1 his affair and condition4 ,mikhail ,novikov was here and also a peasant-poet from ,kazan4 ,have been thinking3 #a7 ,the condition of people who are befogged by a false religion is just the same as in blindman's-buff3 they tie their eyes1 then they take them by their arms1 and then they turn them around and finally let them go4 ,the same with everybody4 ,without this they do not let them go4 7,for ,the ,appeal47 #b7 ,the most usual judgment about ,christianity1 especially among the new ,nietzschean reasoners1 is that ,christianity is a renunciation of dignity1 a weakness1 a submissiveness4 ,it is just the contrary4 ,true ,christianity demands above everything else the highest consciousness of dignity1 a terrible strength and steadfastness4 ,it is just the contrary3 ,the admirers of strength ought to debase themselves before strength4 #c7 ,i walked in the village1 and looked into the windows4 ,everywhere there was poverty and ignorance4 ,and ,i thought of the former slavery4 ,formerly1 the cause was to be seen1 the chain which held them was to be seen2 but now it is not a chain--in ,europe they are hairs1 but they are just as many as those which held ,gulliver4 ,with us the ropes are still to be seen1 well--let us say the twine2 and there there are hairs1 but they hold so tightly that the giant-people cannot move4 ,there is one salvation3 not to lie down1 not to fall asleep4 ,the deception is so strong and so adroit that you often see that those very people which it sucks and ruins1 defend the vampires with passion and attack those who are against them4444 ,november #aa1 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,november #aa1 ,y4 ,p4 ,since morning ,i have been writing ,hadji ,murad--and nothing has come of it4 ,but it is becoming clear in my head and ,i feel like writing very much4 ,i wrote a letter to ,khilkov and to others1 but ,i shall hardly send the one to ,khilkov4 ,maria ,alexandrovna was here4 ,my health is entirely good4 ,november #ab1 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,november #ab1 ,y4 ,p4 ,to-day ,peter ,ossipov came3#bda 8,in our place they have begun to sell indulgences40 ,the ,vladimir-ikon was there and it was ordered through the village elder1 that the people be driven to the ,church4#bdb ,n4 found ore and considers it very natural that people shall live under the ground1 in danger of their lives1 and he will receive the income4 444 ,the most important thing is that ,i have decided to write ,the ,appeal2 there is no time to postpone it4 ,to-day ,i corrected ,on ,science4 ,it is evening now1 have taken up two versions of ,the ,appeal1 and am going to work on it4 ,nov4 #ad1 ,y4 ,p4 444 ,one thing ,i want3 ,to do what is better before ,god4 ,i don't know how yet4 ,i slept badly at night2 bad thoughts1 wicked ones4 ,and ,i am apathetic1 no desire to work4 ,corrected the preface ,on ,science4 ,i made the following notes3 #a7 ,i read of the behavior of the ,english in ,africa4 ,it is all terrible4 ,but the thought came to my head3 ,perhaps it was unavoidably necessary in order that enlightenment should penetrate these peoples4 ,at first ,i was absorbed in the thought and it occurred to me that thus it had to be done4 ,what nonsense6 ,why should not people1 living a ,christian life1 go in simply like ,miklukha-,maklai1#bdc live with them1 but is it necessary to trade1 make drunkards of them1 kill8 ,they say3 8,if people were to live as ,christians1 they would have no work40 ,here is the work and it is an enormous work3 while the ,gospels are being preached to all creation4 #b7 ,science1 losing its religious basis1 has begun to study trifles--in the main1 it has ceased to study important things4 ,from that time on was formed the theory of experimental science1 ,bacon4 #c7 ,i was thinking1 pendant to ,hadji ,murad1 of writing about another ,russian brigand1 ,gregori ,nicholaev4 ,he should see the whole lawlessness of the life of the rich1 he should live as a watchman of an apple-orchard on a rich estate with a lawn-tennis4#bdd #d7 ,to-day ,i am in a very bad mood1 and it is very difficult for me to remember1 to imagine to myself what ,i am when ,i am in a good mood4 ,but it is absolutely necessary1 so as not to despair and not do something bad when in a bad mood1 to abstain from every activity4 ,is it not the same in life8 ,one ought not to believe that ,i am this good-for-nothing which ,i feel myself to be1 but to make an effort1 remember what ,i am there1 what ,i am in spirit1 and live according to that remembered 8self10 or do not live at all--abstain4 #e7 8,toute runion d'hommes est toujours infrieure aux lments qui la composent40#bde ,this is so because they are united by rules4 ,in their own natural union1 as ,god has united them1 they are not only not lower1 but many times higher4 ,i read ,menshikov's article4 ,there is much that is good in it3 about one-,god and many ,gods1 and much that is very weak2 the examples4#bdf ,nov4 #ae1 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,nov4 #ae1 ,y4 ,p4 ,i worked badly on the preface to ,carpenter4 ,after dinner1 in the blizzard1 ,i went to ,yasenki4 ,took ,tania's letter4 ,returned--and here for the first time ,i knew prostration4 ,then drank tea--recovered4 ,read but did nothing4 ,wrote a letter only to ,maude in answer to his remarks4#bdg ,i thought this trifle3 that love is only good then when you are not conscious of it4 ,it suffices to be conscious of the love1 and moreover to rejoice in it--and there is an end to it4 ,nov4 #af1 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day1 ,nov4 #ag4 ,y4 ,p4 ,for the second day1 ,i have been thinking with special clearness about this3 #a7 ,my life1 my consciousness of my personality1 gets weaker and weaker all the time1 will become still weaker and will end in coma1 and in an absolute end of the consciousness of my personality4 ,at the same time1 absolutely simultaneously and in the same tempo with the destruction of my personality1 that thing will begin to live1 and will live ever stronger and stronger1 that which my life made1 the results of my thought1 feelings2 it is living in other people1 even in animals1 in dead matter4 ,and so ,i feel like saying that this is what will live after me4 ,but all this lacks consciousness1 and therefore ,i cannot say that it lives4 ,but who said that it lacked consciousness8 ,why can ,i not suppose that all this will be united in a new consciousness which ,i can justly call my consciousness1 because it is all made from my consciousness8 ,why cannot this other new being live among these things which live now8 ,why not suppose that all of us are particles of consciousness of other higher beings1 such as we are going to be8 8,my ,father has many dwellings40#bdh ,not in the sense that there are various places1 but that the various consciousnesses1 personality1 are inter-enclosed and interwoven one into the other4 ,in fact1 the whole world as ,i know it1 with its space and time1 is a product of my personality1 my consciousness4 ,as soon as there is another personality1 another consciousness1 then there is an entirely different world1 the elements of which are formed by our personalities4 ,just as when ,i was a child1 my consciousness awoke little by little 7which made it so that even when a child1 an embryo1 ,i saw myself as a separate being71 so it will awake and is awakening now--in the consequences of my life1 in my future 8self0 after my death4 8,the ,church is the body of ,christ40#bdi ,yes1 ,christ1 in his new consciousness1 lives now through the life of all the living and dead and all the future members of the ,church4 ,and in the same way each one of us will live through his own church4 ,and even the most valueless man will have his own valueless and perhaps bad church1 but a church which will create his new body4 ,but how8 ,this is what we cannot imagine1 because we cannot imagine anything which is beyond our consciousness4 ,and there are not many dwellings1 but many consciousnesses4 ,but here is the last1 most terrible1 insoluble problem3 ,what is it for8 ,for what is this movement1 this passing over from some lower1 more separate consciousnesses1 into a more common1 higher one8 ,for what--that is a mystery which we cannot know4 ,it is for this that ,god is necessary and faith in ,him4 ,only ,he knows it and one must have faith that so it ought to be4 #b7 ,and again ,i thought to-day1 entirely unexpectedly1 about the charm--exactly the charm--of awakening love1 when against the background of joyous1 pleasant1 sweet relationships1 that little star suddenly begins to shine4 ,it is like the perfume of the linden or the falling shadow from the moon4 ,there is no full-blown blossom yet1 no clear light and shadow1 but there is a joy and fear of the new1 of the charming4 ,this is good1 but only when it is for the first time and the last4 #c7 ,and again ,i thought about that illusion which all are subjected to1 especially people whose activity is reflected on others--the illusion that1 having been accustomed to see the effects of your acts on others1 you verify the correctness of your acts by their effect on others4 #d7 ,i thought still further3 ,for hypnotism it is necessary to have faith in the importance of that which is being suggested 7the hypnotism of all artistic delusions74 ,and for this faith1 it is necessary to have ignorance and cultivation of credulence4 ,to-day ,i corrected the preface to ,carpenter4 ,received a telegram from ,grot4 ,i want to send off the #ajth chapter4 ,a sad letter from ,boulanger4 ,well1 ,nov4 #ah1 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day1 ,nov4 #bj4 ,evening4 ,wrote the preface to ,carpenter4 ,thought much about ,hadji ,murad and got my materials ready4 ,i still haven't found the tone4 444 ,i think with horror of the trip to ,moscow4#bej ,last night ,i thought about my old triple remedy for sorrow and offence3 #a7 ,to think how unimportant it will be in #aj1 #bj years1 just as is unimportant now that which tortured you #aj1 #bj years ago4 #b7 ,to remember what you did yourself1 to remember those deeds which were no better than those which are hurting you4 #c7 ,to think of that which is a hundred times worse1 and might be4 ,this could be added2 to think out the condition1 the soul of the man who makes you suffer1 to understand that he cannot act in any other way4 ,tout comprendre c'est tout pardonner4 ,the most important and the strongest and the surest of all is to say to oneself3 ,let there not be my will1 but ,thine1 and not as ,i wish but as ,thou wilt2 and not that which ,i wish but that which ,thou wilt4 ,my work1 then1 is under those conditions in which ,thou hast placed me1 to fulfil ,thy ,will4 ,to remember that when it is difficult1 it is just this very thing which has been assigned to you1 it is the very instance which will not be repeated1 in which you may have the happiness of doing that which ,he wishes4 ,father1 help me to do only ,thy ,will4 444 ,to-day ,i corrected the ,carpenter translation4 ,my stomach is not good2 bad mood and weakness4 ,nov4 #ba1 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,nov4 #ba1 ,y4 ,p4 ,i am still thinking and gathering material for ,hadji ,murad4 ,to-day ,i thought much1 read1 began to write but stopped at once4 ,went to ,yasenki1 took ,s's letter4#bea ,received nothing4 ,maria ,alexandrovna was here4 ,she is evidently tired1 a poor girl and nice4#beb ,i thought and noted down3 #a7 ,i thought about death--how strange it is that one does not want to die1 although nothing holds one--and ,i thought of prisoners who have become so at home in their prisons that they do not want to leave them for freedom and are even afraid to4 ,and so we have become at home in the prison of our life and are afraid of freedom4 #b7 ,we have been sent here to do the work of ,god4 ,in this sense1 how good is the parable about the servants who in the absence of their master1 squander his fortune away instead of doing his work4 #c7 ,when you are angry1 when you do not love some one1 know that it is not you1 but a dream1 a nightmare1 a most horrible nightmare4 ,as when they stop mowing in order not to spoil the grass1 so it is here4 ,one ought to pray4 ,rozanov discusses ,menshikov and makes fun of him4#bec ,how 444 7,i have forgotten7 made fun of ,nicholai1 but he remained silent and smiled at me gaily4 ,how touching this always is4 ,nov4 #bb1 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,nov4 #bb1 ,y4 ,p4 ,i saw very clearly in a dream1 how ,tania fell from a horse1 has broken her head1 is dying1 and ,i cry over her4 ,nov4 #bd1 ,y4 ,p4 444 ,yesterday and to-day ,i prepared some chapters to send them off to ,maude#bed and to ,grot4 ,there have been no letters for a long time either from ,maude1 or from ,chertkov4 ,to-day there was a nice letter from ,galia4 ,exquisite weather2 ,i took a walk far on the ,tula road4 ,in the morning ,i worked seriously revising ,art4 ,yesterday ,i worked on ,hadji ,murad4 ,it seems clear4 ,during this time ,i thought3 #a7 ,what a strange fate3 at adolescence--anxieties1 passions begin1 and you think3 ,i will marry and it will pass4 ,and indeed it did pass with me1 and for a long period1 #ah years1 there was peace4 ,then there comes the striving to change life and again the set-back4 ,there is struggle1 suffering1 and at the end1 something like a haven and a rest4 ,but yet it wasn't so4 ,the most difficult has begun and continues and probably will accompany me unto death4444 #b7 ,it would be easy to treat erring people mildly1 simply1 patiently1 with compassion1 if these people would not argue and would not argue in such a truth-like fashion4 ,one has to answer these arguments somehow or other1 and this you cannot stand4 #c7 ,each of us is in such a condition that whether he wants to or does not want to1 he has to do something1 to work4 ,every one of us is on the treadmill4 ,the question lies only in this1 on which step will you stand8 ,nov4 #be4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,nov4 #be1 ,y4 ,p4 444 ,corrected ,art1 it is pretty good2 wrote a letter to ,maude4 ,a good letter from ,galia4 ,have been thinking3 #a7 ,it always seems to us that we are loved because we are good1 but it does not occur to us that we are loved because they who love us are good4 ,this can be seen if you listen to what that miserable1 disgusting and vain man says whom with a great effort you have pitied3 he says that he is so good you could not have acted otherwise4 ,the same thing1 when you are loved4 #b7 8,lobsters like to be boiled alive40 ,that is no joke4 ,how often do you hear it1 or have said it yourself or are saying it3 ,man has the capacity of not seeing the suffering which he does not want to see4 ,and he does not want to see the suffering which he himself causes4 ,how often ,i have heard it said about coachmen who are waiting1 about cooks1 lackeys1 peasants at their work1 that they are having a good time--8,lobsters like to be boiled alive40 ,nov4 #bf4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day1 ,nov4 #bh1 ,y4 ,p4 ,two days ,i haven't written4 ,i am still busy with ,art and the preface to ,carpenter4444 ,this morning ,makovitsky arrived1 a nice1 mild1 clean man4 ,he told me many joyful things about our friends4 ,i went to ,yasenki3 a letter from ,maude1 a good one1 and from ,grot--not a good one4#bee ,all these days1 have not been in a good mood4 ,how to be in ,moscow in such a state8 ,have been thinking3 #a7 ,often it happens that you are speaking to a man and suddenly he has a tender1 happy expression1 and he begins to speak to you in such a way that you think he is going to tell you something most joyful1 but it turns out--he is speaking about himself4 ,zakharnin#bef about his operation1 ,mashenka#beg about her audience with ,father ,ambrose#beh and his words4 ,when a man speaks about something which is very near to him1 he forgets that the other one is not he4 ,if people do not speak about abstract or spiritual things1 they all speak necessarily about themselves1 and that is terribly tedious4 #b7 ,you dash about1 struggle--all because you want to swim in your own current4 ,but alongside of you1 unceasing and near to every one1 there flows the divine and infinite current of love1 in one and the same eternal course4 ,when you are thoroughly exhausted in your attempts to do something for yourself1 to save yourself1 to secure yourself--then drop all your own courses1 throw yourself into that current--and it will carry you and you will feel that there are no barriers1 that you are at peace forever and free and blessed4 #c7 ,only not to love oneself1 one's very self1 one's own ,leo ,nicholaievich 7,tolstoi7--and you will love both ,god and people4 ,you are on fire and you can't help but burn2 and burning you will set fire to others and you will fuse with that other fire4 ,to love oneself means to be niggardly with one's light and to put out the fire4 #d7 ,when a man says an obvious untruth or an offence to you1 then certainly he doesn't do it from joy3 and both are very difficult4 ,if he does it then evidently he can't do otherwise1 and doing it1 he suffers4 ,and you1 instead of pitying him1 get angry at him4 ,on the contrary1 you ought to try to help him4 #e7 ,the tragedy of a man kindly disposed1 wishing only the good1 when in this state and for this state1 which he cannot help but count as good1 he meets hissing malice and the hatred of people4 ,nov4 #bh4 ,if ,i live4 ,y4 ,p4 ,to-day1 ,dec4 #b4 ,y4 ,p4 ,agonising1 sad1 depressed state of body and spiritual force1 but ,i know that ,i am alive and independent of this condition1 yet ,i feel this 8self0 but little4444 ,i was busied all this time with corrections and additions to ,art4 ,the principal thing during this time1 was that ,dushan was here whom ,i love very much and learned to love still more4 ,together with the ,slavonian ,posrednik1 he is forming a center of a small1 but ,i think divine work4#bei ,from ,chertkov there is still no news4 ,an anguish1 a soft1 mild1 sweet anguish1 but yet an anguish4 ,if ,i were without the consciousness of life1 then probably ,i would have had an embittered anguish4 ,have been thinking3 #a7 ,i was very depressed at the fear of vexation and severe conflicts1 and ,i prayed ,god--prayed almost without expecting aid1 but nevertheless ,i prayed3 8,lord1 help me to go away from this4 ,release me40 ,i prayed like this1 then rose1 walked to the end of the room and suddenly ,i asked myself3 ,have ,i not to yield8 ,yes1 to yield4 ,and ,god helped--,god who is in me1 and ,i felt light-hearted and firm4 ,i entered that divine current which flows there alongside of us always and to which we can always give ourselves when things are bad4#bfj #b7 ,i had a talk with ,dushan4 ,he said that since he has become involuntarily my representative in ,hungary1 then how was he to act4 ,i was glad for the opportunity to tell him and to clarify it to myself that to speak about ,tolstoyanism1 to seek my guidance1 to ask my decision on problems1 is a great and gross mistake4 ,there is no ,tolstoyanism and has never been1 nor any teaching of mine2 there is only one eternal1 general1 universal teaching of the truth1 which for me1 for us1 is especially clearly expressed in the ,gospels4 ,this teaching calls man to the recognition of his filiality to ,god and therefore of his freedom or his slavery 7call it what you want73 of his freedom from the influence of the world1 of his slavery to ,god1 ,his will4 ,and as soon as man understands this teaching1 he enters freely into direct communication with ,god and he has nothing and no one to ask4 ,it is like a man swimming in a river with an enormous overflow4 ,as long as the man isn't in the middle current1 but in the overflow1 he has to swim himself1 to row1 and here he can be guided by the course taken in swimming by other people4 ,here also ,i could direct people while ,i myself approach the current4 ,but as soon as we enter the current1 then there is no guide and cannot be4 ,we are all carried along by the strength of the current1 all in one direction1 and those who were behind can be in front4 ,when a man asks where shall he swim1 that only shows that he has not yet entered the current and that he from whom he asks1 is a poor guide if he were unable to bring him into the current1 i4e41 to that state in which it is impossible--because it is senseless--to ask4 ,how ask where to swim1 when the current with irresistible force is drawing me in a direction that is joyous to me8 ,people who submit themselves to a guide1 who have faith in him and listen to him1 undoubtedly wander in the dark together with their guide4 ,i think ,i have finished ,art4 ,dec4 #c4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,my work on ,art has cleared up much for me4 ,if ,god commands me to write artistic things1 they will be altogether different ones4 ,and to write them it will be both easier and more difficult4 ,we shall see4 ,to-day1 ,dec4 #f1 ,moscow4 ,on the #dth ,i went to ,dolgoe4#bfa ,i had a very tender impression from the ruined house2 a swarm of memories4 ,almost two days that ,i haven't written4 ,i only prepared the chapters on ,art and packed my things 444 ,i have jotted down nothing4 ,i woke feeling badly4 ,dec4 #g1 ,moscow4 444 ,i was at ,storozhenko's4#bfb ,kasatkin was here#bfc in the evening4 ,i asked for examples4 ,in the morning ,i corrected ,art4 ,i jotted down nothing3 there is much bustle4 ,health good4 ,dec4 #h1 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day1 #aath4 ,i have already spent so many days in ,moscow4 ,i have done almost nothing1 only corrected ,art4 ,a pile of people and letters4 ,thank ,god the most important is good1 i4e41 ,i have done nothing that ,i ought not to have done4 ,to-day ,i wrote a letter to ,gali4 ,it seems to me that the divisions of ,art have turned out just as they were before4 ,a sad impression was produced by what ,n told about ,chertkov#bfd and by the letter of ,ivan ,michailovich4 ,moreover1 ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1--they are all suffering4 ,well1 it is forgivable in them1 but how can a ,christian suffer8 ,during this time ,n ,n's condition became clear4 ,he is mentally diseased1 like all people who are non-,christians4 ,i have consented to give to ,troubetskoi by instalments4#bfe ,a sad letter from ,chertkov4 ,i want to write to him4 ,dec4 #ab1 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day1 the #acth4 ,morning4 ,i wrote a letter to the ,chertkovs4 ,it seems to me ,i have corrected the #afth chapter very well4 ,yesterday ,i read the correspondence of ,z on the sex-problem and ,i was very indignant and ,i spoke disagreeably to him at ,rusanov's4 ,rusanov has the head of ,hadji ,murad4 ,this morning ,i wanted to write ,hadji ,murad--,i lost the outline4 ,i wrote down something4 ,i now want to write out the themes which are worth while and which can be treated as they ought to be3 #a7 ,sergius1 #b7 ,alexander ,i1 #c7 ,persianninov1 #d7 the tale of ,petrovich--the husband1 who died a pilgrim4 ,the following are worse3 #e7 the legend of the descent of ,christ into hell and the reconstruction of hell1 #f7 a forged coupon1 #g7 ,hadji ,murad1 #h7 the substituted child1 #i7 the drama of the ,christian resurrection and perhaps #aj7 ,resurrection--the trial of a prostitute1 #aa7 7excellent7 a brigand killing the defenceless1 #ab7 a mother1 #ac7 an execution in ,odessa4#bff ,it is depressing in the house1 but ,i want to be and will be joyous4 ,i am going to write out only two things3 #a7 ,that the physical union with an accidental husband is one of the means established by ,god for the spread of ,his truth3 for the testing and the strengthening of the stronger and for the enlightenment of the weaker4 #b7 ,for people professing filiality to ,god1 not to rejoice in life1 to yearn1 is a dreadful sin1 an error4 ,if you understood that the end of life is the activity for ,god for no personal ends1 then nothing could hinder this activity1 could hold it back4 ,the main thing is that life willy-nilly goes forward to the better3 one's own life and the life of the world4 ,how not rejoice at this movement8 ,one has only to remember that life is movement4 ,i write and ,i sleep and therefore express myself badly4 ,until evening1 if ,i live4 ,to-day1 ,december #ad1 ,moscow4 ,morning4 ,yesterday ,i received an unpleasant letter from ,chertkov and sent him an answer 7about the publications74#bfg ,the day before yesterday1 ,i read the correspondence of ,z about sex relations and became vexed and went to the ,rusanovs' and met ,z there and showed my condemnation of him sharply4 ,that tortured me and ,i wrote him a note yesterday apologising and ,i received a nice answer which touched me4 ,i feel very ill4 ,i am in the worst mood and therefore am dissatisfied with everything and cannot love4 ,and just now am thinking3 ,we find sickness a burden2 but sickness is a necessary good condition of life4 ,only it alone 7perhaps not alone1 but one of the most important and generally common conditions7 prepares us for death1 i4e41 for our crossing over into another life4 ,therefore indeed it was sent to every one3 to children1 to adults1 to old people1 because all1 at all ages1 die4 ,and we find it burdensome4 ,the fact that we find sickness burdensome shows only that we do not live as we ought to3 both a temporary and at the same time an eternal life--but we live only a temporary life4 ,sickness is the preparation for the crossing-over and therefore to grumble against sickness is just the same as grumbling against cold and rain4 ,one ought to make use of them and not grumble4 ,in fact1 only those who live playing1 get angry at the rain1 but those who live seriously rejoice at it4 ,the same with sickness4 ,more than this3 not only sickness but a bad mood1 disappointment1 sorrows1 all these help to detach oneself from the worldly and facilitate the crossing-over into the new life4 ,i am now in such a state of crossing-over4 ,evening1 the #adth4 ,the whole day ,i have been ill and ,i am in the worst mood4 ,i cannot master myself and everything is disagreeable and burdensome4 ,i did nothing4 ,i read and talked4 ,dec4 #ae1 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day1 ,december #ag4 ,to-day1 ,i am still in the very worst spirits4 ,i am struggling with ill-will4 ,i gave the essay away4#bfh ,telegraphed to ,england4 ,no answer as yet4#bfi ,a pile of people here1 all evening4 ,to-day ,i wrote twelve letters1 but did not work at all4 ,to-day ,i thought the very oldest thing3 ,that one ought to perfect oneself in love1 in which no one can interfere and which is very interesting4 ,but love is not in exclusive attachments1 but in a good1 not in an evil attitude to every living being4 ,wrote letters3 #a7 ,posha1 #b7 ,masha1 #c7 ,ivan ,michailovich1 #d7 ,prince ,viazemsky1 #e7 ,bondarev1 #f7 ,strakhov1 #g7 the school teacher ,robinson1 #h7 ,priest1 #i7 ,crosby1 #aj7 ,chizhov1#bgj #aa7 ,nicholaev in ,kazan1 and #ab7 ----#bga ,i am finishing the note-book in a bad mood4 ,to-morrow ,i begin a new one4 ,to-day ,i am also displeased with the essay on art4 ,the diary of the year #ahig1 ,dec4 #ba1 '#ig4 ,moscow4 ,i am beginning a new notebook1 almost in a new spiritual mood4 ,here are already #e days that ,i have done nothing4 ,i am thinking out ,hadji ,murad1 but ,i have no desire or confidence4 ,on ,art is printed4 ,chertkov is displeased and those here also4#bgb ,yesterday ,i received an anonymous letter with a threat to kill1 if ,i do not reform by the year #ahih2 time is given only up to #ahih4 ,i was both uneasy and pleased4#bgc ,i am skating4 ,a sign of an inactive mood is that ,i have noted down nothing4 ,just now ,i read through ,chekhov's1 ,on a ,cart4 ,excellent in expressiveness1 but rhetorical as soon as he wants to give meaning to his story4 ,there is a remarkable clearness in my mind1 thanks to my book on art4 ,dec4 #bf1 '#ig4 ,moscow4 ,the day before yesterday ,i fell ill and ,i am still not well4#bgd ,i am reading much4 ,my heart is heavy4 ,evening4 ,dec4 #bg1 '#ig4 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day1 ,dec4 #bi1 '#ig4 ,moscow4 ,morning4 ,i thought of ,hadji ,murad4 ,all day yesterday a comedy-drama1 8,the ,corpse10#bge took shape4 ,i am still unwell4 ,yesterday ,i was at ,behrs'4#bgf ,i have received letters with threats of killing4 ,i regret that there are people who hate me1 but it interests me little and it doesn't disturb me at all4 ,have jotted down something4 ,a conversation with ,n3 what a pitiable youth3 understanding everything and at the same time not having the capacity to put anything in the right place and therefore he is living in unimaginable confusion4 ,have been thinking3 #a7 ,they say usually that ,christ's teaching1 the real ,christ's teaching 444 destroys all union1 that it is a disuniting 8individualism40 ,how false this is6 ,christianity only therefore preaches personal salvation1 8individualism10 as they say1 because this personal salvation is indispensable1 accessible1 joyous to all1 and therefore inevitably unites people--not mechanically by the pressure of force from without or by stirring with 8culture10 but chemically by an inner1 indissoluble union4 #b7 ,sometimes you complain that they do not love your soul1 but love or do not love your body1 and you are angry at them1 condemning them1 but you do not see that they cannot do otherwise3 for them your soul1 the holy of holies of your soul1 that which--as you know--is the only real thing1 the only thing that acts--is nothing1 because it is invisible1 like the chemical rays of the spectrum4 #c7 ,there are people1 mainly women1 for whom the word is only the means for an attainment of an end1 and it is entirely devoid of its fundamental significance which is to be an expression of reality4 ,these people are sometimes terribly strong4 ,their advantage is like that which a man would have who in fencing took off the cork from the rapier4 ,his adversaries are bound by conditions that 444 ,no1 the comparison is not good4 ,the best of all3 they are like a gambler in cards1 a sharper4 ,i will find one4 ,the examples of this are such3 a man wants1 for instance1 to steal2 he takes other people's money2 he says that he was charged to do it1 they asked him to1 and he believes that he was asked to4 ,and the proof of the untruth of his evidence he refutes with a new lie4 ,he kills3 the murdered one suffered so1 that he begged him to kill him4 ,he wants to do something nasty or something foolish4 ,well1 to turn all the furniture upside down or to debauch--and he explains in detail1 how it was recognised by doctors1 that it was necessary to do this periodically1 etc4 ,and he convinces himself that it is so4 ,but when this proves to be not so1 he does not hear1 he brings forth his own arguments and then at once forgets both his own arguments and other people's4 ,these people are terrible1 horrible4 #d7 ,the spiritualists say that after death the soul of people lives on and communicates with them4 ,soloviev1 the father1#bgg said truly1 ,i remember1 that this is the ,church dogma of saints1 of their intercession and of prayers to them4 ,evgenie ,ivanovich also said truly that as the ,pashkov ,sect is a taking out of the dogma of the ,redemption alone and the adaptation of everything to it1 so spiritualism is the taking out of the dogma of saints1 and the adaptation of everything to it4 #e7 ,but ,i say the following in regard to this dogma of the soul3 ,what we call the soul1 is the divine1 spiritual1 limited in us in our bodies4 ,only the body limits this divine1 this spiritual4 ,and it is this limiting which gives it a form like a vessel gives form to a liquid or a gas which is enclosed in it4 ,but we only know this form4 ,break the vessel and that which is enclosed in it will cease to have that form which it has and will spread out1 be carried off4 ,whether it combines with other matter1 whether it receives a new form--we know nothing about this1 but we know for a fact that it loses that form which it had when it was limited1 because that which limited it was destroyed4 ,the same with the soul4 ,the soul after death ceases to be the soul and remaining a spirit1 a divine essence1 becomes something other1 such that we cannot judge4 ,i wrote the preface to ,chertkov4#bgh ,dec4 #cj4 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 #ahih ,two days have passed4 ,jan4 #ast4 ,i meet the new year very sad1 depressed1 unwell4 ,i cannot work and my stomach aches all the time4 ,received a letter from ,verkholensk from ,phedoseev about the ,dukhobors1 a very touching one4#bgi ,still another letter from the editor ,the ,adult about free love4#bhj ,if ,i had time1 ,i would like to write about this subject4 ,probably ,i shall write4 ,the most important is to show that the whole matter lies in appropriating to oneself possibilities of the greatest enjoyment without thinking of consequences4 ,besides1 they preach something which already exists and is very bad4 ,why would the absence of outer restraint#bha improve the whole thing8 ,i am1 of course1 against any regulation and for full freedom1 but the ideal is chastity and not pleasure4 ,i have been thinking during this time only one thing and it seems an important thing1 namely3 #a7 ,we all think that our duty1 our vocation1 is to do various things3 bring up children1 make a fortune1 write a book1 discover a law in science1 etc4 ,but for all the work is only one thing3 to carry out one's own life--to act so that life would be a harmonious1 good1 and rational matter4 ,and the work ought to be not before people1 to leave behind one a memory of a good life1 but the work is before ,god3 to present to ,him oneself1 one's soul1 better than it was1 nearer to ,him1 more submissive to ,him1 more in harmony with ,him4 ,to think so--and principally to feel so--is very difficult3 ,one always wanders off for human praise4 ,but it is possible and ought to be done4 ,help me1 ,lord4 ,i sometimes feel this and do at this moment4 ,jan4 #b4 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day1 already the #dth4 ,i am a little better4 ,i want to work4 ,yesterday ,stasov and ,repine1#bhb coffee4444 ,when will ,i remember that much talk is much bother8 ,i received a pamphlet uncensored4 ,only one thing has to be noted down3 that all life is senseless1 except that which has for its end the service of ,god1 the service of the fulfilment of the work of ,god1 which is unattainable to us4 ,i shall write that out later4 ,now ,i am in a hurry4 ,dear ,masha arrived1 later ,tania with ,sasha4#bhc ,jan4 #e4 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day1 ,jan4 #ac4 ,it is more than a week that ,i haven't written and ,i have done almost nothing4 ,i have been ill all the time1 and depressed4 ,at times1 ,i am good and calm1 and at times uneasy and not good4 ,the day before yesterday was difficult4 ,then the peasants arrived3 ,bulakhov1 with ,st41 ,pet41 and two from ,tula4 ,i felt so light-hearted and energetic4 ,one need not yield to one's own circle1 one can always enter the circle of ,god and ,his people4 ,it is long since ,i have been so depressed4 ,a letter from ,posha4 ,wrote to ,posha1 ,ivan ,michailovich1 ,chertkov1 ,maude and ,boulanger4 ,i am still endeavouring to find a satisfactory form for ,hadji ,murad and ,i still haven't it1 although it seems ,i am nearing it4 444 ,to-day a telegram about the work1 8,what is ,art80 ,have made some notes and ,i think important ones4 #a7 ,something of enormous importance and ought to be expounded well4 ,organisation1 every kind of organisation1 which frees from any kind of human1 personal1 moral duties4 ,all the evil in the world comes from this4 ,they flog people to death1 they debauch1 they becloud their minds and no one is to blame4 ,in the tale of the resurrection of hell1 this is the most important and new means4#bhd #b7 ,each one of us is that light1 that divine essence1 love1 the ,son of ,god1 enclosed in a body1 in limits1 in the coloured lantern which we have painted with our passions and habits--so that everything we see1 we see only through this lantern4 ,to raise oneself so as to see above it1 is impossible2 on top there is the same kind of glass through which we see even ,god1 through the glass which we ourselves have painted4 ,the only thing which we can do is not to look through the glasses1 but to concentrate in ourselves1 recognise our light and kindle it4 ,and this is the one salvation from the delusions of life1 from its suffering1 from its temptations4 ,and this is joyful and always possible4 ,i do this1 and it is good4 #c7 ,dreams--they are nothing else than the looking on the world not through the glasses1 but only on the glasses1 and on the interweaving of various designs interwoven on the glasses4 ,in sleep you only see the glasses2 when awake1 the world1 through the glasses4 #d7 ,a woman can1 when she loves a man1 see merits in him which he has not1 but when she is indifferent1 she is unable to see a man's merits other than through the opinion of others4 7,however1 ,i think it is untrue47 #e7 ,the following when ,i wrote it1 seemed to me very important3 ,christians strive to a union1 and unite among themselves and with other people by the ,christian tool--by unity1 humility1 love4 ,but there are people who do not know this means of union1 do not believe in it and who endeavour to unite 7all people endeavour to unite7 with other means1 outer ones1 with force1 threats4 ,it is impossible to demand of these people who do not know1 who cannot understand the ,christian means of union1 that they do not make use of their means2 but it is absolutely unjust and unreasonable when these un-,christian people impose their own lower means of union upon people knowing and using a higher means4 ,they say1 8,you ,christians1 you profit by our means2 if you have not been robbed and killed1 it is thanks to us40 ,to this the ,christians answer1 that they don't need anything which force gives them 7as is really the fact for a ,christian74 ,and that is why1 though it is legitimate for people not knowing a higher means of union1 to use a lower1 it is illegitimate1 that they look upon their own lower means as a general and unique one1 and want to compel those for whom it cannot be necessary to use it4 ,the principal step before humanity now consists in this1 that people should not only recognise and admit the means of ,christian union1 but that they should recognise that it is the highest1 the one to which all humanity is striving and to which it will inevitably reach4 #f7 ,when you are full of energy1 then you live1 and you ought to live for this world2 when you are sick1 then you are dying1 i4e41 you begin to live for that other after-death world4 ,so that in either phase1 there is work4 ,when you are sick1 dying1 then concentrate in yourself and think about death and about life after death1 and stop longing for this one4 ,both processes are normal and in both there exists work proper to each state4 ,i feel somewhat fresher spiritually4 ,jan4 #ad1 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day1 #ah4 ,my health is a little better4 ,it is now evening4 ,wrote letters1 #a7 ,chertkov2 #b7 ,dubrovin2 #c7 ,dubrovsky2 ,tver2 #d7 ,tula3 ,n4 l4 ,kh42 #e7 ,nakashidze2 #f7 ,ivan ,michailovich4 ,to-day the plot of ,hadji ,murad became clearer than ever before4 ,jan4 #ai4 ,moscow4 ,depressing and unproductive4 ,i cannot work4 ,several times a week ,i remember that everything disagreeable is only an ,ermahnung for an advance onward towards perfection4 ,help1 ,father4 ,come and dwell within me4 ,you already dwell within me4 ,you are already 8me40 ,my work is only to recognise ,thee4 ,i write this just now and am full of desire4 ,but nevertheless ,i know who ,i am4 ,to-day1 ,feb4 #b4 ,moscow4 ,very weak and apathetic4 ,all the time ,i either read or corrected proofs of ,art4 ,there is much to be noted4 ,but ,i have neither strength nor desire4 ,there have been no events1 no letters4 ,feb4 #c1 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,february #c1 ,moscow4 ,i am still as unproductive intellectually4 ,in the morning it flashed across my mind that ,i left out the places in ,art about the trinity1 and doing no work1 ,i went to ,grot and from there to the publishing house4 ,i returned past two1 read1 lay down1 dined4 ,tarovat#bhe arrived1 then ,menshikov1 ,popov1 ,gorbunov1 and then--,gulenko1#bhf ,suller4#bhg ,read ,liapunov's ,the ,ploughman4 ,i was very touched4#bhh ,have noted down the following3 #a7 ,in moments of depression ,i want to ask help from ,god4 ,and ,i may ask it4 ,but only such help which might help me and not interfere with any one else4 ,and such help is only one thing3 love4 ,every other kind of help1 material help1 not only might1 but must come in conflict with the material good of others4 ,only love alone--the enlargement of love in oneself--satisfies everything which one can want and does not come in conflict with the good of others4 8,come and dwell within us40 #b7 ,women do not use words to express their thoughts1 but to attain their ends1 and it is this purpose they hunt in the words of others4 ,that is why they so often understand people wrong side out4 ,and this is very disagreeable4 #c7 ,the meaning of life is only one3 self-perfection--the bettering of one's soul4 8,be perfect like our ,father in ,heaven40 ,when things are difficult1 when something tortures you1 remember that in life1 only you are the life--and immediately it will become easier4 ,and joyful4 ,as a rich man rejoices when he gathers his wealth1 so will you rejoice if you place your life only in this4 ,and for the attainment of this1 there are no barriers4 ,everything which appears like sorrow1 like a barrier in life--is a wide step which offers itself to your feet that you may ascend4 #d7 ,if you have the strength of activity then let it be a loving one2 if you have no strength1 if you are weak1 then let your weakness be a loving one4 #e7 ,inorganic matter is simply the life of that which we do not understand4 ,for fleas the inorganic is my finger-nail4 ,in the same way1 evil is the non-understood good4#bhi #f7 ,to serve ,god and man1 but how1 with what8 ,perhaps the possibility doesn't exist8 ,it is not true3 the possibility has always been given you--to become better4 #g7 ,man is an ambassador1 as ,christ said1 an ambassador indeed for whom the important thing is only to fulfil the errand given to him1 and it doesn't matter what is thought about him4 ,let them think badly--sometimes it is necessary4 ,only let the errand be fulfilled4 #h7 ,one of the most common errors consists in this1 that people are considered good1 malicious1 stupid1 intelligent4 ,man flows on and every possibility is in him3 he was stupid1 and has become intelligent2 he was wicked and has become good1 and the reverse4 ,in this is the greatness of man4 ,and therefore it is impossible to judge man as he is4 ,you have judged and he is already another4 ,it is impossible to say--,i do not love him3 you have said it and he is already another4 #i7 444 #aj7 ,the fact that the end of life is self-perfection1 that the perfection of the immortal soul is the only end of the life of man1 is already true because every other end in the view of death1 is senseless4 #aa7 ,if man deliberates upon the consequences of his act1 then the motives of his act are not religious4 #ab7 ,the paper-knife on my knees fell over on account of its weight1 and it seemed to me that it was something alive1 and ,i shuddered4 ,why8 ,because there is a duty to everything living and ,i grew frightened lest ,i hadn't fulfilled it1 and lest ,i had crushed1 squeezed a living being4 #ac7 444 ,in this lies the whole matter--to destroy this hypnosis4 #ad7 ,it is impossible not to wish that our acts be known and approved4 ,for him who has no ,god1 it is necessary that his acts be known and approved4 ,but for him who has ,god1 it is sufficient that they be known4 ,by this can it be verified if a man has ,god4 #dth ,feb4 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day1 the #eth4 ,morning4 ,i do not feel like writing at all4 ,all these last days1 especially yesterday1 ,i have been feeling and applying to life1 the consciousness that the end of life is one3 to be perfect like the ,father1 to do that which ,he does1 that which ,he wants from us1 i4e41 to love2 that love should guide us in the moments of our most energetic activity1 and that we breathe with it alone in the moments of our greatest weakness4 ,whenever there is something difficult1 painful1 then it suffices to remember this1 and all this difficulty1 this pain1 will vanish and only the joyous will remain4 ,to a man who seriously1 truly uses his reason1 it is obvious that all ends are closed to him4 ,one alone is reasonable3 to live for the satisfaction of the demands of ,god1 of his conscience1 of his higher nature4 7,it is all the same thing47 ,if this is to be expressed in time1 then to live so as to prepare one's soul to the passing-over into a better world3 if this is to be expressed accurately in terms outside of time1 then it is to fuse one's life with its timeless principle1 with the ,good1 with ,love1 with ,god4 ,i am afraid only of one thing1 that this strong consciousness acting beneficially on me1 that the only thing reasonable and free and joyous is the life in ,god1 be not calloused1 that it do not lose its effect of lifting me out of the petty annoyances of life1 and of freeing me4 ,oh1 if that could be so to every one and if it could be so forever6 ,in this light last night ,i considered the various manifestations of life and ,i felt so well and joyous4 ,i will await the examination4 ,i shall prepare for it4 ,when ,i wrote out the notes1 ,i forgot3 #a7 ,how absurd is the argument of the enemies of moral perfection1 that a man1 sacrificing himself really1 will sacrifice his perfection for the good of others1 i4e41 that a man is ready to become evil1 in order to act well4 ,if one understands by this that a man is ready to act badly before people1 if only he could thereby fulfil the demands of his conscience and not serve a certain cause or even certain people1 then this is true4 ,the serving of a cause and of people can sometimes coincide1 and can sometimes not coincide with the demands of conscience2 and not serving a certain cause or people1 can sometimes coincide and can sometimes not coincide with the demands of conscience4 ,these are individual cases4 #b7 ,to doubt that the source of all evil is false religious teaching1 can only be done by a man who hasn't thought of the causes of the daily manifestations of social life4 ,the causes of all these manifestations are thoughts--thoughts of people4 ,how then could false thoughts not have an enormous influence on the social system8 ,people1 some of them1 are well off in a false system based on false thoughts2 it is natural that they support false thoughts1 false-religious teaching4 #c7 ,i cannot write and ,i suffer1 ,i force myself4 ,how stupid6 ,as if life lay in writing4 ,it does not even lie in any outer activity4 ,it is not as ,i will1 but as ,thou wilt4 ,it is even fuller and more significant without writing4 ,and here now ,i am learning to live without writing4 ,and ,i am able to4 #d7 ,i see that ,i have made a note and have already said it here1 namely1 that to perfect oneself does not mean to prepare oneself for a future life#bij 7that is said for convenience1 for simplicity of speech72 but to perfect oneself means to get nearer to that basis of life for which time does not exist and therefore no death1 i4e41 to carry one's 8self0 more and more away from the bodily life into the spiritual4 #e7 ,evgenie ,ivanovich says about ,n3 she is at peace only when one occupies oneself with her4 ,any occupation with anything not concerning her1 does not interest her4 ,every such occupation with other people offends her4 ,it seems to her that she bears the life of every one near her1 that without her everybody would be lost4 ,for the least reproach1 she insults every one4 ,and in #aj minutes she forgets it1 and she hasn't the least remorse4 ,this is the highest degree of egotism and madness1 but there are many grades approaching this4 ,at bottom1 to think that ,i live for myself1 for my own enjoyment1 for fame1 is absolute potential madness4 ,in living--it is impossible not to live for oneself1 impossible not to defend oneself when attacked1#bia not to fall on the food when hungry2 but to think that in this is life1 and to use that very thought given you to see the impossibility of such a life1 to use it for the strengthening of such a separate individual life1 is absolute madness4 #f7 ,a wife approaches her husband and caressingly speaks to him as she did not speak before4 ,the husband is moved1 but this is only because she has done something nasty4 #g7 ,jean ,grave1#bib 8,l'individu et la ,socit10 says that revolution will only then be fertile when l'individu will be strong-willed1 disinterested1 good1 ready to help his neighbour1 will not be vain1 will not condemn others1 will have the consciousness of his own dignity1 i4e41 will have all the merits of a ,christian4 ,but how will he acquire these virtues if he knows that he is only an accidental chain of atoms8 ,all these virtues are possible1 are natural1 in fact1 their absence is impossible when there is a ,christian world-point-of-view--that is1 that we are sons of ,god sent to do ,his ,will2 but in a materialistic world-point-of-view these virtues are inconsistent4 ,it is now past one4 ,i am going downstairs4 ,i am going to write to-morrow4 ,feb4 #f4 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day1 ,feb4 #ai4 ,moscow4 ,it is long since ,i have made any entries4#bic ,at first ,i was ill4 ,for about #e days ,i have been better4 ,during this time ,i was correcting1 putting in things and spoiling the last chapters of ,art4 ,i decided to send away ,carpenter with the introduction to ,sieverni ,viestnik4 ,was correcting the preface also4 ,the general impression of this article 8,on ,science0 as well as that of the #bjth chapter--is remorse4#bid ,i feel that it is right1 that it is necessary1 but it is painful that ,i hurt and grieve many good people who err4 ,it is obvious that 4#jiii will not understand why and in the name of what ,i condemn science1 and will be indignant4 ,i should have done that with greater kindness4 ,and in this ,i am guilty1 but it is now too late4 ,the last time ,i wrote1 ,i expressed fear lest the carrying over of myself from this worldly life1 the offending1 the irritating one1 into the life before ,god1 the eternal life 7now1 here7 which ,i experienced would become lost1 would become calloused4 ,but here #ac days have passed and ,i still feel this and felt it all the time and rejoiced and am rejoicing4 ,sometimes ,i begin to lay out patience1 or hear an irritating conversation1 contradiction1 or am dissatisfied with my writing1 with the condemnation of people1 or ,i regret something--and suddenly ,i remember that it only seems so to me1 because ,i am bent over searching on the floor1 and it suffices to straighten up to my full height and everything that was disagreeable1 irritating1 not only vanishes1 but helps the joys of triumph over my human weakness4 ,i haven't yet experienced this in strong physical suffering4 ,will it endure8 ,it ought to endure4 ,help1 ,lord4 ,otherwise ,i am very joyous4 ,i am joyous1 that in old age there has been disclosed absolutely a new condition of the great indestructible good4 ,and this is not imagination1 but a change of soul as clearly perceived as warmth and cold1 it is a going over from confusion1 suffering1 to a clearness and peace and a going over which depends upon myself4 ,here1 in truth1 is where wings have sprouted4 ,as soon as it becomes difficult1 painful1 to walk on foot1 you spread the wings4 ,why not always then on wings8 ,evidently1 ,i am still too weak2 still untrained2 and perhaps a rest is necessary4 ,it is interesting to find out if this state is an attribute of old age1 if young people can experience it also8 ,i think that they can4 ,one must accustom oneself to this4 ,this indeed is prayer4 8,you must hide something1 be afraid of something1 something tortures you1 something is lacking10--and suddenly3 there is nothing to hide1 nothing to be afraid of1 nothing to be tortured over1 nothing to want4 ,the main thing is to go away from the human court into ,god's court4 ,oh1 if this would only hold out unto death6 ,but even for that which ,i have experienced1 ,i am grateful to ,thee1 ,father4 ,i jotted down the following3 #a7 ,people can in no way agree to the unreality of all that is material4 8,but a table exists and always1 even when ,i go out of the room it is there1 and for all it is the same as it is for me10--they generally say4 ,well1 and when you twist two fingers and roll a little ball under them do you not unquestionably feel two8 ,it is certainly so1 every time ,i take up a little ball in that way there are two and for every one who takes up a ball in that way there are two1 and nevertheless there are no two little balls4 ,in the same way1 the table is a table only for the twisted fingers of my senses1 but it is perhaps half a table1 a thousandth of a table--in fact1 no part of a table at all1 but something altogether different4 ,so that what is real is only my ever recurring impression1 confirmed by the impressions of other people4 #b7 444 ,i acted badly when ,i gave my estate to the children4 ,it would have been better for them4 ,only it was necessary to have been able to do this without violating love1 and ,i was unable4 #c7 ,you are often surprised how intelligent1 good people can defend cruelty1 violence1 savage superstitions4448 ,but it is sufficient to remember the exilings1 the oppressions1 the offences1 which are beginning to penetrate the working-classes and you see that this is only a feeling of self-preservation4 ,only by this is explained the tenacity of life4444 #d7 ,pharesov told me about ,malikov's#bie teaching4 ,all this was beautiful1 all this was ,christian3 be perfect like your ,father2 but it was not good that all this teaching had for its end influence over people and not inner satisfaction1 not an answer to the problem of life4 ,influence on others is the main ,achilles' heel4 ,so that my condition1 which is false for people1 is perhaps the very thing necessary4 #e7 444 ,in order to wipe out one's sin1 one ought to 444 repent before all the people for the deception1 to say3 forgive me that ,i have deceived you 444 ,what a strong scene6 ,and a true one4 #f7 ,our art with its supplying of amusement for the rich classes1 is not only similar to prostitution1 but it is nothing else than prostitution4 ,feb4 #bj4 ,moscow4 ,to-day1 ,feb4 #be4 ,moscow4 ,have made no entries2 corrected something4 ,wrote letters to-day1 more than #g letters4 ,but ,i can't write anything1 although ,i haven't stopped thinking about ,hadji ,murad and ,the ,appeal4 ,feb4 #bf4 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,have made no entries for more than three weeks4 ,to-day ,march #ai4 ,moscow4 ,finished all my letters4 ,during this time wrote serious letters3 #a7 ,to the ,american colony1#bif #b7 ,peterburgskia ,viedomosti about the ,dukhobors2#big #c7 to the ,english papers also about the ,dukhobors1 and #d7 a preface to the ,english edition ,what is ,art--about the censor distortions4#bih ,my inner life is the same4 ,as ,i foresaw1 the new consciousness of life for ,god1 for the perfection of love1 has become dulled1 weakened1 and when ,i needed it1 these days1 it proved itself to be1 if not exactly ineffectual1 yet less effectual than ,i expected4 ,the principal event during this time was the permission to the ,dukhobors to emigrate4 ,what is ,art8 seems to me to be entirely finished now4 444 ,i have worked very little during all this time4 ,i made rather many notes2 ,i shall try to write them out3 #a7 ,one of the greatest errors in summing up a man1 is that we call1 we define a man as intelligent1 stupid1 good1 evil1 strong1 weak4 ,but man is everything1 all possibilities1 is a flowing matter4#bii ,this is a good theme for an artistic work and a very important one and a good one1 because it destroys malicious judging--8the cancer0--and assumes the possibility of everything good4 ,the workers of the devil1 convinced of the presence of bad in man1 achieve great results3 superstition1 capital punishment1 war4 ,the workers of ,god would attain greater results1 if they believed more in the possibility of good in people4 #b7 ,they want to become the masters of ,china--the ,russians1 ,japan1 ,england1 the ,germans3 there are quarrels1 diplomatic struggles1 there will even be military ones4 ,and all this is only for the mixing of the yellow race into one ,christian batter1 the propagating and the assimilating of ideas like the ,crusades and the ,napoleonic wars4 #c7 ,lebon writes3 8,not only are they going to make food in laboratories1 but there will be no need for labour40 ,people have so badly distributed their two functions1 food and labour1 that instead of joy1 these functions are a torture to them and therefore they want to be freed from them4 ,it is just the same as if people would so pervert their functions of perspiration and breathing1 that they would seek a way of changing them by an artificial method4 #d7 ,the longer you live1 the less time there remains for life4 ,for an endless duration of life1 there would then be absolutely no life4 #e7 ,only when you live without consideration of time1 past or future1 do you live a real1 free life for which there are no obstacles4 ,you are only then dissatisfied1 in straits1 when you remember the past 7the offences1 the contradictions1 even your own weaknesses7 and when you think of the future3 will something be or will it not be8 ,only at one point1 do you fuse with ,god and live your divine essence3 in the present 7even when you live your animal life74 ,whenever you use your reason to consider what will be1 then you are weak1 insignificant2 but whenever you use it to do the will of ,him who sent you1 then you are omnipotent1 free4 ,you can even see this in the way you immediately weaken1 become deprived of strength1 when you consider the consequences of your act4 ,to-day1 ,march #ba4 ,moscow4 ,i continue copying4 ,i am very indisposed1 weak1 but thank ,god1 in peace1 ,i live in the present4 ,just now ,i put in order the papers on ,art4 #f7 ,socialists will never destroy poverty and the injustice of the inequality of capacities4 ,the stronger1 the more intelligent1 will always make use of the weaker1 the more stupid4 ,justice and equality of goods will never be attained by anything less than ,christianity1 i4e41 by negating oneself and by recognising the meaning of one's life in the service to others4 #g7 ,i have written down the same as in the #eth1 but differently4 ,in order to live with ,god1 by ,god and in ,god1 it is necessary not to be guided by anything from without4 ,neither by that which was nor by that which can be2 to live only in the present1 only in this1 to fuse with ,god4 #h7 ,intelligent ,socialists understand that for the attainment of their ends the principal thing is to lift the working men intellectually and physically4 ,this is possible to be done only by religious education1 but they do not understand this and therefore all their work is in vain4 #i7 8,seek the ,kingdom of ,god and ,his ,right1 the rest will follow you0--this is the only means of attaining the ends of ,socialism4 #aj7 ,for ,the ,appeal3 ,all are agreed that we live not as we ought to or as we could4 ,the remedy of some is this3 a religious fatalism and1 still worse1 a scientific1 evolutionary one4 ,others comfort themselves by the gradual bettering and bettering of things by themselves3 the step by step people4 ,the third assert that everything will establish itself when things will reach their very worst 7,socialism71 when the ,government and the rich classes will control everybody fully1 i4e41 the working-men1 and then the power will somehow or other make a somersault not only to working-men1 but to unerring disinterested self-sacrificing working-men1 who will then direct all affairs without error and without sin4 ,the fourth say that to improve the whole matter1 it is possible only by the destruction of evil people1 the bad ones4 ,but there is no indication where the bad people end and where the harmless ones1 if not the good ones1 begin4 ,either they will destroy every one as bad or as in the big revolution they will catch the good ones with the bad4 ,as soon as you begin to judge strictly1 no one will remain in the right4 ,what is to be done8 ,but there is only one instrument3 a religious change in the soul of people4 ,and it is this change which is interfered with1 by all imaginary remedies4 #aa7 ,my body is nothing else than that piece of everything existing which ,i am able to govern4 #ab7 ,the whole world is that which ,i sense4 ,but what am ,i8 ,it is that which acts4 #ac7 ,how good it would be to write a work of art1 in which there would be clearly expressed the flowing nature of man3 that he1 one and the same man1 is now a villain1 now an angel1 now a wise man1 now an idiot1 now a strong man1 now the most impotent being4 #ad7 ,every man1 as all people1 being imperfect in everything1 is nevertheless more perfect in some one thing than in another4 ,and these perfections1 he puts over another human being as a demand1 and condemns him4 #ae7 ,it is impossible to serve1 not 8,god and mammon10 but 8mammon and ,god40 ,the service of mammon--every kind of vanity--is a hindrance to the service of ,god4 ,peace1 solitude1 even boredom1 is a necessary condition to the service of ,god4 ,in ,moscow religiously they are the most savage of people4 ,in ,paris--they are still more savage4 #af7 ,there is a kind of ,english toy called peepshow3 behind a little glass1 now one thing is shown1 now another4 ,this is the way one ought to show man--,hadji ,murad3 a husband1 a fanatic1 etc4 #ag7 ,not long ago ,i experienced a feeling1 not exactly a reasoning1 but a feeling--that everything that is material1 and ,i myself with my own body1 is only my own imagination1 is the creation of my spirit and that only my soul exists4 ,it was a very joyous feeling4 #ah7 444 does on the other hand the same thing that a false religious education does2 it accustoms people to deny their reason4 #ai7 ,there are two points of view of the world3 #a7 the world is something definitely existing1 that is1 existing in definite forms1 and #b7 the world is something continually flowing1 being formed1 going towards something4 ,in the first point of view1 the life of humanity also appears as something definite1 consisting in the peaceful use of the goods of the world4 ,in this point of view--there is a continuous dissatisfaction1 and discontent with the construction of the world4 ,it does not fulfil the demands which are presented4 ,in the second point of view1 the life of humanity is conceived as something which in itself changes and helps to the change and the attainment of the ends of the world4 ,and in this point of view there is no dissatisfaction or discontentment with the construction of the world4 ,and if there is discontent1 it is only with one's self1 for one's insufficient harmony to the movement of the world and in not helping this movement4 7,unclear47 #bj7 ,administrative ambition and greed of misers are therefore alluring1 because they are very simple4 ,for every other end of life one has to reflect much1 to think1 and often you do not see the results clearly4 ,and here it is so simple3 where there was one decoration there will be two3 where there was one million there will be two1 etc4 #ba7 ,i spoke to ,evgenie ,ivanovich and said to him that ,i envy his freedom2 but he said to me that things are very difficult for him just on account of this freedom and even on account of the authority and the responsibility which is connected with it4 ,so that it only seems to me1 that some one is better off and that another is worse1 as the strong man to the weak1 the healthy to the sick1 the rich to the poor4 ,and it became suddenly clear to me that all the differences in our conditions in the world are as nothing compared with our inner conditions4 ,it is just the same1 as it would be a matter of indifference if a man fell from a boat into the ,azov ,sea1 the ,black1 the ,mediterranean or into the ocean1 in comparison with whether he was able to swim or not4 #bb7 ,i spoke with ,p about the woman question4 ,there is no woman question4 ,there is the question of freedom of equality for all human beings4 ,the woman question is only quarrel hunting4 #bc7 ,the more one is guilty before his own conscience1 though hidden1 the more willingly and involuntarily he seeks the guilt of others and especially those before whom he had been guilty4 #bd7 ,as soon as you go away into the past or the future1 you go away from ,god and then you immediately become lonely1 deserted1 unfree4 #be7 ,i began to think about myself1 about my own hurts and my own future life--and ,i came to my senses4 ,and it was so natural to say to myself3 and you1 what business is ,leo ,nicholaievich 7,tolstoi7 of yours8 ,and ,i felt better4 ,thus there is the one who is hindered by the base1 stupid1 vain1 sensual1 ,leo ,nicholaievich4 #bf7 ,as soon as you begin to think of the future1 you begin to guess4 ,if the patience comes out1 then this will happen4 ,but this is madness6 ,and it is bound to come1 because to think of the future is the beginning of madness4 ,i have finished everything4 ,it is now past one1 the #bast4 ,march #bb4 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,april #ab4 ,moscow4 ,among the events during this time was the arrival of the ,dukhobors1#cjj the cares for their emigration1 the death of ,brashnin4#cja ,occupations3 ,carthago delenda est#cjb and ,hadji ,murad4 ,worked rather little4 ,the spiritual state rather good4 ,visitors--most of them peasants1 young1 good ones4 ,since yesterday have been in a very depressed mood4 ,i am not surrendering1 ,i do not disclose myself to any one1 but to ,god4 ,i think that is very important4 ,it is important to keep silent and to suffer a thing through4 ,otherwise the suffering will go over to others and will make them suffer1 but here it will burn itself down in yourself4 ,that is the most precious of all4 ,this thought helps very much1 that in this lies my task1 in this is my opportunity to elevate myself1 to approach perfection somewhat4 ,come and dwell within me so that my baseness will be stifled4 ,awake in me4 ,i want to cry all the time4 ,thought and noted3 #a7 ,i found jotted down3 8,every victory over the enemy is an enlargement of one's own strength40 ,i ought to remember that now especially4 ,there is a struggle going on between my spiritual and animal self1 and all that ,i gain for the former1 by all this will ,i weaken the latter4 ,i carry over from one scale of the weights to another4 ,if ,i fall into temptation1 it means a rolling down the road to evil2 if ,i resist1 it is the beginning of a rolling on a new road towards the good4 #b7 ,it is astonishing how we get accustomed to the illusion of one's own individuality1 separateness from the world4 ,we see1 we feel--that life compels us every minute to feel our union and dependence on the world1 makes us feel our incompleteness2 and we nevertheless believe that we ourselves1 our very selves1 is something in the name of which we can live4 ,however1 when you understand this illusion clearly1 then you are surprised1 how you could not have seen that you are not a piece of a whole1 but a manifestation in time and space1 of something timeless and infinite4 ,women have always recognised the power of men over them4 ,and it could not have been otherwise in an unchristian world4 ,men are the stronger and men have ruled4 ,it was the same in all the worlds 7with the exception of the doubtful ,amazons and the law of maternity71 and it is the same now among 4#jiii of mankind4 ,but ,christianity has appeared and has recognised perfection not in strength but in love1 and by this all the subjected1 the captive1 the slaves and the women have been freed4 ,but that the freedom of slaves and women be not a calamity1 it is necessary that the freed be ,christians1 i4e41 that they affirm their life in the service of ,god and people1 and not in the service of themselves4 ,slaves and women are not ,christians1 and nevertheless they are freed4 ,and they are terrible4 ,they act as the main-spring of all the calamities of the world4 ,what must be done8 ,bring slaves and women back again into slavery8 ,that is impossible to do1 because there is no one who will do it3 ,christians cannot subject4 ,and non-,christians will no longer surrender themselves into slavery1 but will fight4 ,they will fight among themselves and one or the other will subject and hold the ,christians in slavery4 ,what must be done8 ,one thing must be done3 attract people to ,christianity1 turn them into ,christians4 ,it is possible to do this only by fulfilling in life the law of ,christ4 ,help me1 ,lord4 ,help me4 ,come into me1 awake in me4 ,apr4 #ac4 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,april #bg4 ,grinevka4#cjc ,the #crd day here4 ,i am all right4 ,a little indisposed4444 ,the latter days in ,moscow ,i spent finishing ,carthago delenda est4 ,i am afraid ,i have not finished it1 and that it is still before me4 ,still ,i did quite a lot4 ,here ,i have not worked at all4 ,the misery of the famine is by far not as great as it was in #ahia4 ,there are so many lies in all the affairs among the upper classes1 everything is so tangled up with lies that it is never possible to answer any question1 simply--for instance1 is there a famine8 ,i am going to try to distribute as well as ,i can the money which has been contributed4 ,yesterday there was a conversation about the same thing3 ,is exclusive love good8 ,the rsum is this3 a moral man will look on exclusive love1--it is all the same whether he be married or single--as on evil and will fight it2 the man1 who is little moral1 will consider it good and will encourage it4 ,an entirely unmoral man does not even understand it and makes fun of it4 ,the ,russkia ,viedomosti was suspended because of the ,dukhobors and of me2 that is too bad and ,i am grieved4#cjd #a7 ,the proverb3 for a good son you do not have to make a fortune1 for a bad one1 do not leave one4 #b7 ,i have made the following note3 8,god doesn't know when the awakening of people will take place40 ,this is what it means3 ,i think that the life of humanity consists in a greater and greater awakening1 in an enlightening4 ,and this awakening1 this enlightening1 will be done by people themselves 7by ,god in people74 ,and in this is life1 in this is the good1 and therefore this life and this good cannot be taken away from people4 #c7 ,my awakening consisted in this1 that ,i doubted the reality of the material world4 ,it lost all meaning to me4 ,to-morrow ,apr4 #bh4 ,grinevka4 ,if ,i live1 ,i'll finish4 ,to-day ,apr4 #bi4 ,morning4 ,grinevka4 ,felt great weakness4 ,am better since yesterday4 ,but unable to write anything4 ,went to ,lopashino1#cje took notes4#cjf ,read ,boccaccio--it is the beginning of the master-class1 immoral art4 ,no letters4 ,serezha was here4#cjg ,i continue4 ,thought3 #a7 ,you look deeply into the life of man1 especially of women1--and you see from what world point of view their acts flow1 and you see1 principally1 how inevitably all argument against this world point of view recoils and you cannot imagine how this world point of view will be changed--in the same way as how a piece of a date-stone has grown through a date4 ,but there are conditions when a change is produced and accomplished from within4 ,live man can always be born1 from seeds there are sprouts4 #b7 ,i look into the future1 and ask3 were ,i to act as ,i ought to1 would everything then be all right1 would all obstacles then be destroyed8 ,this question is pleonism4 ,the question is this1 whether1 were ,i to act in a realm where there were no obstacles1 would there then be any obstacles8 #c7 ,it is remarkable how we are without understanding and without gratitude4 ,god arranged our life so1 that he forbade us all false paths1 that everything drives us from these false1 harmful paths1 impoverishing us to ruination1 and making us suffer1 onto the only free1 always joyous path of love--but we nevertheless do not go on this path and we complain that we suffer from the attempts of going on the false1 ruinous paths4 #d7 ,one of the most urgent needs of man1 equal with and even more urgent than eating1 drinking1 sex desire1 and the existence of which we often forget1 is the need to manifest oneself1 to know that it is ,i who have done a thing4 ,very many acts which are otherwise inexplicable1 are explained by this need4 ,one ought to remember this both in their bringing up1 and in dealing with men4 ,the main thing is that one has to try to make this an activity and not a boast4 #e7 ,why is it that children and simple people are by such an awful height higher than the majority of people8 ,because their reason is not perverted by the deception of faith or by temptations or by sins4 ,nothing stands on their road to perfection1 while adults have sin and temptation and deception on theirs4 ,the former have only to walk forward1 the latter must struggle4 #f7 ,they spoke about love and falling in love1 and ,i made the following conclusion for myself3 a moral man fights falling in love and exclusive love1 an unmoral man--condones it4 #g7 ,children are selfish without lies4 ,all of life teaches the aimlessness1 the ruination of selfishness4 ,and therefore old people attain unselfishness without lies4 ,these are two extreme limits4 #h7 ,i began to consider soup-kitchens and the purchase of flour1 and money1 and my soul became so unclean and sad4 ,the realm of money1 i4e41 every kind of use of money1 is a sin4 ,i took money and undertook to use it only so as to have a reason for going away from ,moscow and ,i acted badly4 #i7 ,i thought much about ,the ,appeal1 yesterday and to-day4 ,it became rather clear how a bad arrangement of life results in religious deception4 ,if something is unclear in one's mind1 if life is disorderly and you don't want anything4444 7,somehow ,i haven't succeeded47 #aj7 ,in my sleep ,i thought to-day that the shortest expression of the meaning of life is this3 the world moves1 perfects itself2 the task of man is to take part in this movement1 to submit himself to it and to help it4 ,my weakness still continues4 ,i have written this out very badly4 ,may #d4 ,grinevka4 7,evening47 ,yesterday there was a whole house full of guests3 ,the ,tsurikovs1 ,mme4 ,ilinsky1#cjh ,stakhovich4 ,i have done nothing during the day4 ,in the morning ,i wrote a letter to ,chertkov#cji and to ,s#caj and to still some one else4 ,the day before yesterday ,i was in ,sidorovo and at ,serezha's4#caa ,in the morning ,i read ,chertkov's article4#cab ,it is very good4 ,the #ast of ,may1 ,lindenberg#cac was here and a teacher#cad and they went to ,kamenka4 ,on the #cjth1 ,i went to ,gubarevka4 ,what hurts me1 is that ,i seem to have lost entirely the capacity for writing4 ,to my shame ,i am indifferent4 ,latterly in my sleep1 ,i thought keenly about the contrast between the crushed people and the crushers1 but did not write it out4 ,to-day1 yes and in the preceding days1 it seemed to me that ,hadji ,murad became clear1 but ,i could not write it4 ,it is true they interfered4 ,thought3 #a7 ,just as an athlete follows the growth of his muscles1 so you ought to follow the growth of love1 or at least the decrease of evil and lies--and life will be full and joyous4 #b7 ,yesterday there was a discussion about the old question3 what is better--to take part in evil1 to endeavour to diminish it 74447 or to keep away from it8 ,the eternal objection is3--8,there will be anarchy0--yes1 but now it is worse than anarchy3 injustice4--8,what1 then1 if to begin everything from the beginning2 the strong will again offend the weak40 ,yes1 everything from the beginning again1 but with this difference1 that while now we continue the cruelty and injustice which have been established in heathen barbaric times1 we now live in the light of ,christianity and the cruelty and injustice will not be the same cruelty and injustice4444 7,it isn't quite all right1 but it was47 #c7 ,i look about me and the lines which ,i see ,i force into that form which lives in my imagination4 ,i see white on the horizon and involuntarily ,i give this white the form of a church4 ,is it not in this way that everything we see in this world takes on the form which already lives in our imagination 7consciousness71 which we carried over from our former life8 7,an idea47 ,exquisite weather4 ,friendly1 hot ,spring4 ,i am at peace and am well4 ,may #e4 ,grinevka4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,may #i4 ,grinevka4 ,during these days we had visitors3 ,masha1 ,varia4 ,i go every day somewhere to open a soup-kitchen4 ,i am not writing at all4 ,i feel weak4 ,yesterday there was a rain storm4 ,i went to ,bobrika4 ,to-day ,i went to ,nicholskoe4 ,i went to ,gubarevka and returning through the wood1 thought4444 ,i don't feel like writing1 later ,i shall write out two thoughts1 very important ones3 #a7 ,one1 that ,i cannot put before me1 that which tortured me before3 my destruction4 #b7 ,that the other life begins to attract me1 only the process of getting there is terrible4 ,if only ,i could arrive safely1 everything there will be all right2 #c7 ,to-day ,i thought that the object of faith is only one--,god4 ,this ,i must write out1 explain4 ,to-day ,i am in a very weak state4 ,may #aj4 ,grinevka4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,may #aa4 ,grinevka4 ,yesterday ,i wrote a little on ,the ,appeal4#cae ,then ,i went to ,mikhail's ,ford4 ,saw ,strakhov in my sleep1#caf who said to me that ,i should write out clearly1 for the plain man1 what ,god is4 8,you ought to write it1 ,leo ,nicholaievich10 7,tolstoi47 ,to-day my stomach ached a little4 ,i didn't dine and wrote much on ,the ,appeal4 ,it seems to be taking form4 ,i am feeling fresh in the head1 a thing ,i haven't felt for a long time4 ,thanks to my gymnastic exercises1 ,i have become convinced for the first time1 that ,i am old and weak and ,i must stop physical exercise entirely4 ,this is even pleasant4 ,i forgot for a moment1 my rule1 not to expect anything from others1 but to do what one ought to do oneself before ,god1--and there arose in me an evil feeling4444 ,but ,i remembered1 asked in good faith what was necessary and ,i felt better4 #a7 ,there is one object of faith--,god1 ,he who sent me4 ,he who sent me1 ,he who is everything of which ,i feel myself to be a part4 ,this faith is indispensable and satisfying4 ,if you have this faith then there is no room for any other4 ,everything else is trust and not faith4 ,you can only have faith in that which undoubtedly is1 but which we cannot embrace with our reason4 #b7 ,yesterday ,i thought that the form of thinking--categories--are not seven but four3 cause1 matter1 space1 time4 ,but only one3 movement1 encloses everything in itself4 ,movement is a change of place1 therefore there is space2 change of place can be swifter and slower1 therefore there is time2 and a preceding movement is a cause1 a following one1 an effect2 that which is displaced is matter4 ,everything is movement4 ,man himself moves incessantly and therefore everything explains itself to him by movement alone4 #c7 ,the most harmful effect of an evil act is that when a man accomplishes it he frees himself from the demands of his conscience4 8,we eat animals1 therefore why not hunt80--444 and so you have no need to stand on ceremony 444 etc4 #d7 ,a strange thought came to me4 ,our whole life is in this1 that we consider ourselves a separate unit1 an individual1 a man4 ,but besides this being specialised1 individualised1 from all others1 chemistry discloses for us entirely different separate units1 acids1 nitrogen1 etc4 ,they are separate and therefore they have life4 7,nonsense47 ,may #ab4 ,grinevka4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,may #ae4 ,morning4 ,grinevka4 ,within these two days ,i went to ,mtsensk1#cag ,kukuevka1 and yesterday to ,batyevo4#cah ,wrote ,hadji ,murad unwillingly4 ,i have exercised again4#cai ,it is stupid1 almost an insanity4 ,wrote a poor letter to ,posha4 ,i am pleased with every one here4 ,just now ,i have reread this journal and it did not leave me very dissatisfied4 ,oh1 if ,i would only remember more my transitory1 subservient condition here6 ,have made no entries4 ,my health would be good if my back weren't aching4 ,began to write letters4 ,not succeeding4 ,one must wait peacefully and live before ,god4 ,may #af4 ,grinevka4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,may #ai4 ,grinevka4 ,sonya was here4 ,she arrived the #agth4 ,this morning she went away4 ,i have been trying to write these two days4 ,can't do anything4 ,an exceptional weakness and pain in my spinal column4 ,to-day ,may #bj4 ,evening4 ,grinevka4 ,this morning ,i wrote rather much on ,the ,appeal4 ,in the evening ,i wrote #ac letters4 ,went nowhere4 ,my back is better4 ,the main thing1 is that my brain is working and ,i am happy4 ,received #ejj roubles1 and #ajjj roubles are lying in ,cherni4#cbj ,i am not going to write any more1 although ,i have many notes4 ,to-day ,may #bg4 ,grinevka4 ,in the morning4 ,during this time ,i wrote ,the ,appeal and finished the article on the condition of the people4#cba ,just now ,i am writing to write out my notes--there is much that has to be written out--that everything which is said in ,paul 7,corinthians xiii7 about love has to be said1 and even more--about the renunciation of oneself4 ,it is impossible to lay up love within oneself--but the renunciation of oneself is possible4 ,it suffices to renounce oneself and love will arise4 ,i thought this1 because just now in the morning1 ,i began to remember all the difficulties which might arise from the distribution of the contributions1 about everything which had to be done for the ,dukhobors1 for my own writing1 and of which ,i had done nothing1 and about all my weaknesses1 errors1 about my joyless life with the children1 and such as ,i had not wanted it to be1 and my lack of consequence--and it sufficed only to negate myself1 my own desires1 and immediately all wrong passed away1 both of the past and the future1 and one thing remained1 the need of service in the present4 ,how time vanishes remarkably in the consciousness of one's mission4 ,to-day1 ,i think1 ,june #ab4 ,yasnaya ,polyana4 ,i went with ,sonya 7my daughter-in-law7#cbb to the ,tsurikovs1 ,aphremovs1 and the ,levitskys4#cbc ,i have a very pleasant impression and fell in love with many2 but fell ill and did not do my work and made a lot of fuss both for ,levitsky and the household4#cbd444 ,it is four days since ,i arrived in ,yasnaya and ,i am recovering nicely4 ,wrote many letters4 ,i received almost #d1jjj roubles1 which ,i cannot use this year4#cbe ,masha is here with her husband and ,iliusha4 ,the ,westerlunds were here4#cbf444 ,to-day1 entirely unexpectedly1 ,i began to finish ,sergius4#cbg ,no news from ,england4#cbh ,i have made many notes4 #a7 ,i cannot remember now what and how ,i thought it3 this is the note3 8,you are often too strict with people1 and he1 poor man1 is good for nothing40 #b7 ,although ,i noted it before1 ,i can't help but repeat3 444 #c7 444 #d7 ,the life of the world is one1 i4e41 in the sense that it is impossible to apply the conception of number to it4 ,plurality comes only from the partitions of consciousness4 ,for a universal consciousness there is no number1 no plurality4 #e7 ,non-resistance to evil is important not therefore only1 because a man has to act so for himself1 for attaining the perfection of love1 but also because only non-resistance alone stops evil1 localises it in itself1 neutralises it1 does not permit it to go farther1 as it inevitably does1 like the transmission of movement to elastic balls1 if there be no force which would absorb it4 ,active ,christianity is not in doing1 creating ,christianity1 but in absorbing evil4 ,i feel very much like writing out the story1 ,the ,coupon4#cbi #f7 ,death is the crossing-over from one consciousness to another1 from one image of the world to another4 ,it is as if you go over from one scene with its scenery to another4 ,at the moment of crossing over1 it is evident that that what we consider real1 is only an image1 because we are going over from one image into another4 ,at the moment of this crossing-over1 there becomes evident1 or at least one feels1 the most actual reality4 ,because of this1 the moment of death is important and dear4 #g7 ,for a universal consciousness1 for ,god1 matter does not exist4 ,matter is only for beings1 separated one from another4 ,the limits of separateness is that which we call matter1 in all its infinite forms4 #h7 ,it is impossible to remember sufficiently that the life of all beings is continuous movement4 ,almost all our misery comes from the fact that we do not know this or forget this4 ,and imagining that we do not go forward1 but that we stand still1 we grasp the beings moving alongside of us--some going faster1 some going slower than we--we grasp them and hold on as long as the force of the movement does not tear us away4 ,and we suffer4 #i7 ,we are all rolling down a slope1 going down lower and lower to the plain4 ,every attempt to hold to one's place1 only makes the fall bigger1 the more you hold on4 #aj7 ,we are sent to cross this sloping path1 carrying across it that light which is entrusted to us4 ,and all that we can do--is to help each other on the road to carry this light2 but we hold back1 pushing each other down1 extinguishing our light and that of the others4 7,it isn't good1 not what ,i wanted to say47 #aa7 ,i know1 that when people yawn in front of me1 ,i can become infected1 and therefore ,i say to myself3 ,i don't want to yawn and ,i won't4 ,i have learned to do this as to yawning1 but ,i am only beginning to learn this as to anger4 #ab7 ,the sight depresses me strangely 444 of those owning the land and compelling the people to work4 ,how my conscience is struck4 ,and this is not something reasoned1 but a very strong feeling4 ,was ,i wrong in not giving my land to the peasants8 ,i don't know4 #ac7 ,lieskov made use of my theme and badly4#ccj ,i had an exquisite thought--three problems3 ,what was the most important time8 what man8 and what act8 ,the time is the immediate1 this minute2 the man--he with whom you have immediate business2 the act1 to save your soul1 i4e41 to do the act of love4#cca #ad7 ,it is impossible to save humanity from that deception in which it is caught4444 ,only a religious feeling can give the counterstroke and conquer4 ,june #ac4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,june #ad4 ,y4 ,p4 ,evening4 ,both days ,i wrote ,father ,sergius4 ,it is coming out well4 ,wrote letters4 ,to-day there was a christening4#ccb ,i still cannot be fully good4444 ,it is difficult1 but ,i do not despair4 ,to-day ,june #bb4 ,y4 ,p4 ,on the #afth ,i fell very ill4#ccc ,i never had felt so weak and so near death4 ,i am ashamed to have made use of the care which they gave me4 ,i could do nothing4 ,i only read and made some notes4 ,to-day ,i am a great deal better4 ,ukhtomsky#ccd was pleased with my article1#cce but nevertheless he refused to print it4 ,i telegraphed to ,menshikov that he should try the ,viestnik ,evropa and the ,russki ,trud4#ccf ,i am afraid ,i am going to become tiresome4 ,the youth have been driven away4 ,for they have forbidden that the flour that was bought be sold4#ccg 444 ,received a letter from ,chertkov1 a good one4 ,the ,dieterichs arrived4#cch ,dear ,dunaev was here4 ,they talked about the great riot of the factory workers4 ,i shall finish later4 ,to-day ,june #bh4 ,y4 ,p4 ,evening4 ,i am only now recovered1 and am experiencing the joy of convalescence4 ,i feel nature very vividly1 keenly1 and have a great clarity of thought4 ,i wrote a little on ,the ,appeal4 ,to-day ,i wrote ,father ,sergius and both are good4 ,wrote many letters yesterday4 ,all that ,i received yesterday were unpleasant3 from ,n1 but principally from ,gali1 with the news that they have all quarrelled4#cci ,posha is going to ,switzerland and ,boulanger to ,bulgaria4 ,tania went to ,masha's4444 ,there is only one thing2 one real thing that has been given us3 to live lovingly with one's brothers1 with every one4 ,one must renounce oneself4 ,i wrote that to my friends and ,i am going to be strict with myself4 ,here is what ,i have written down4444 ,i have just read up to this point1 where everything that is difficult can be made to vanish when you throw off the illusion of a personal life1 when you recognise your mission in the service to ,god1 and that it would be good to experience this in physical suffering1 whether it will stand physical suffering4 ,and here was a chance to experience it and ,i forgot and did not experience it4 ,it is too bad4 ,but the next time4 ,have written down3 #a7 ,paul ,adam#cdj gives the peasants a cruel characteristic1 especially the working men3 they are vulgar1 selfish1 slaves1 fanatics--perhaps all this is just1 but the one thing1 that they can live without us and we cannot live without them1 wipes out everything4 ,and therefore it is not for us to judge4 7,something is wrong here47 #b7 ,it is especially disagreeable for me when people who have lived little and thought little1 do not believe me1 and not understanding me1 argue with me about moral problems4 ,it would be the same for which a veterinary surgeon would be hurt1 if people who were not familiar with his art were to argue with him4 ,the difference is only in this1 that the art of the veterinary1 the cook1 the samovar-maker or any kind of art or science1 is recognised as an art or a science where only those people are competent who have studied that realm2 in the matter of morality every one considers himself competent1 because every one has to justify his life4 ,but life is justified only by theories of morality4 ,and every one makes them for himself4 #c7 ,i have often thought about falling in love1 about the good1 ideal falling in love1 which is exclusive of every sensuality1 and ,i cannot find either place or meaning for it4 ,but its place and meaning is very clear and definite3 it is to lighten the struggle between sex desire and chastity4 ,falling in love ought to be for a young man who cannot keep to full chastity before marriage1 and to release the young men in the most critical years1 from #af to #bj or more1 from the torturing struggle4 ,here is the place for falling in love4 ,but when it breaks out in the life of people after marriage1 it is out of place and disgusting4 #d7 ,i am often asked for advice as to the problem of owning land4 ,it is my old custom to answer3 that it is unsuitable for me to answer such problems1 just as it would be unsuitable for me to answer the problem how to make use of the ownership or the labour or the rent of a bonded serf4 #e7 ,people who stand on a lower moral plane or religious world point of view cannot understand people standing on a higher plane4 ,but that there should be a possibility of union between them1 there has been given to people standing on a lower plane the instinct for the good and a respect for this good4 ,if there is not this instinct and respect1 then it is very bad4 ,but in our society1 among so-called educated people1 this is getting to be less and less4 ,to-day ,june #cj4 ,y4 ,p4 ,i am still ill1 and very weak4 ,but ,i think ,i am improving1 and my spiritual state is good4 ,the day before yesterday ,i received a letter about the quarrel in ,england4#cda ,i wrote to them4 ,it is very sad and very instructive4 ,yesterday ,i received a letter from ,khilkov with a letter from ,miss ,pickard about the ,dukhobors4#cdb ,i wrote letters to ,crosby1 and ,willard#cdc and ,khilkov4 ,the affair of the ,dukhobors is important and big and evidently something will come out of it which is entirely different from what we are preparing1 but it is ,god's affair4 ,to-day ,mme4 ,annenkov arrived4 ,menshikov telegraphed that ,gaideburov#cdd will print with omissions4 ,during these days ,i wrote ,sergius--it isn't good4 ,i am going to continue to write out the former3 #f7 444 #g7 ,a man is a being separated from all others1 who feels his limits4 ,among the number of general limits by which he separates himself from other beings1 are his limits which are in common with that being incomprehensible to him--the earth4 ,death is the destruction of all the various common limits with other beings and always of the common limit of the being of the earth--a fusion with earth4 ,every sickness1 wound1 old age1 is a destruction of these limits4 #h7 ,the work of life is to love4 ,it is impossible to love expressly those people unworthy of love2 but it is possible not to love--to behave well1 in a good way1 toward such people in every given moment4 #i7 ,i remembered keenly what a matter of enormous importance was complete truthfulness in every detail1 in everything1 the avoidance of all outer false forms4 ,and ,i decided to keep to this4 ,it is never too late to mend4#cde #aj7 ,the minister said to the murderer3 8,oh brother1 don't worry4 ,god has pardoned even greater sinners4 ,but who are you8 ,don't lose heart4 ,pray40 ,the murderer burst into tears4 #aa7 ,how great and stable seemed the happiness of the ,american people1 and how unstable it proved to be1 like all happiness not founded on life1 according to the law of ,christ4 ,the ,spanish-,american ,war1 ,jingoism4 #ab7 ,i have often prayed 7almost without believing1 to try out7 that ,god arrange my life as ,i wish4 ,to-day ,i simply prayed my customary morning prayer and rather attentively4 ,and after this prayer1 ,i recalled my wish and wanted to add a prayer about the fulfilment of this wish1 and tried to address ,god about it4 ,and immediately ,i realised my mistake--that it would be very much better if everything was not according to my will1 but according to ,his4 ,and without the least effort and with joy ,i said3 8,yes1 let there not be my will1 but ,thine40 #ac7 ,a spiritual life means that you should see the connection between cause and effect in the spiritual world and that you be guided in life by this connection4 ,materialists do not see this connection and therefore do not take it as a guide for their acts1 but they take as a guide for their acts the physical1 causal connection1 the one which is so complicated that we never fully know it1 because every effect is an effect of an effect2 but the fundamental cause of everything--is always spiritual4 7,not clearly expressed1 but important74 #ad7 ,epictetus says this very thing when he reproaches people for being very attentive to the phenomenon of the outer world--to that which is not in our power and being inattentive to the phenomenon of the inner1 to that which is in our power4 #ae7 ,to many it seems that if you exclude personality from life and a love for it1 then nothing will remain4 ,it seems to them that without personality there is no life4 ,but this only appears so to people who have not experienced self-renunciation4 ,throw off personality from life1 renounce it1 and then there will remain that which makes the essence of life--love4 #af7 7,for ,the ,appeal7 444 ,to-morrow1 ,july #ast4 ,if ,i live4 ,july #f4 ,y4 ,p4 ,am entirely well4 ,yesterday ,i took leave of ,dunaev and ,mme4 ,annenkov1 who were here4 ,i live very badly4 ,i cannot reconcile myself to the will of ,god4 ,to-day ,i thought3 ,the life of ,christ is very important as an instance of that impossibility of man to see the fruits of his labours4 ,and the less so1 the more important the work4 ,moses could enter into the promised land with his people1 but ,christ could in no way see the fruit of his teaching even if he had lived up to now4 ,this is what one has to learn4 ,but we want to do the work of ,god and to receive human reward4 ,july #ag4 ,y4 ,p4 '#ih4 ,morning4 ,there was nothing very special during these #aa days4 ,i have decided to give my novels away1 ,resurrection and ,father ,sergius1 to be printed for the ,dukhobors4#cdf ,s4 went to ,kiev4 ,an inner struggle4 ,i believe little in ,god4 ,i do not rejoice at the examination1 but am burdened by it1 admitting in advance that ,i won't pass4 ,all last night ,i didn't sleep4 ,i rose early and prayed much4 ,to-day the ,dieterichs and the ,gorbunovs arrived4 ,it was pleasant with them4 ,took hold of ,resurrection1 and in the beginning it went well1 but from the moment when ,i became alarmed1 these two days1 ,i have been unable to do anything4 ,i took a very nice walk4 ,i wrote a letter to ,jrnefelt#cdg and prepared a postscript4 ,this is the only important thing4 ,but ,i haven't the strength to withstand the customary temptation4#cdh ,come and dwell within us4 ,awake the resurrection in me6 ,i have made many notes4 ,i will hardly have time to write them out now4 #a7 ,brooding leads to dreams1 dreams to passions1 passion to devils4 7,from ,love for the ,good47#cdi #b7 ,the sthetic pleasure which you receive from ,nature is attainable to all4 ,every one is affected by it differently1 but it affects every one4 ,art should have the same effect4 #c7 ,how difficult it is to really live for ,god alone4 ,you think you are living for ,god1 but as soon as life jolts you1 as soon as that support in life to which you are holding on1 fails you1 then you feel that there is no holding power in ,god and you fall4 #d7 ,for ,father ,sergius3 ,alone he is good1 with people he falls4 #e7 ,what an obvious error3 to live for worldly ends4 ,whenever the purpose is not narrowly egotistic then this purpose is not quickly attained in life4 ,moses did not enter the promised land and ,christ despaired of ,his labour3 8,why hast ,thou abandoned me80444 #f7 ,there is no peace1 either for him who lives for worldly ends among people1 or for him who lives for spiritual ends alone4 ,there is peace only then when a man lives for the service of ,god among people4 ,to-day1 ,july #bj4 ,y4 ,p4 ,a letter from ,s and from ,masha4 ,i still do not sleep1 but things are settling themselves in my soul1 and as always1 suffering is of benefit4 ,yesterday ,i went to ,ovsiannikovo1 spoke with ,ivan ,ivanovich4#cej ,yesterday ,i worked well on ,resurrection4 ,it is morning now4 ,i am not continuing to write out from the notebooks1 but ,i am going to write out what ,i--not being asleep--have just now been thinking2 it is an old but easily forgotten thing1 and an important one which should be also told to ,n with whom they talked last night4 ,namely3 #a7 ,life for oneself is a torture1 because you want to live for an illusion1 for that which does not exist1 and it not only cannot be happy1 but it cannot be at all4 ,it is the same as dressing and feeding a shadow4 ,life exists only outside of oneself1 in the service of others1 and not in the service of one's near ones1 beloved ones--that is again for oneself--but in the service of those whom we do not love1 and better still1 in the service of enemies4 ,help1 ,father4 ,the terrible error is that one confuses sex-love1 love for children1 for friends1 with love of people through ,god1 of people to whom you are indifferent1 and still more of enemies1 that is1 of erring people4 ,aug4 #c4 ,pirogovo4 ,again everything is in the old way1 again my life is horrid4 ,i have lived through very much2 ,i haven't passed the examination4 ,but ,i do not despair and ,i want a re-examination4 ,i passed the examination exceptionally badly1 because ,i had the intention of going over to another institution4 ,it is just these thoughts one must throw away1 then one will learn better4 ,during this time ,sonya returned and dear ,tania ,kuzminsky was here4 ,the work on ,resurrection goes very badly1 although it seems to me ,i have thought it out much better4 ,the #crd day in ,pirogovo4 ,uncle ,serezha#cea is not as good as he was before3 he is not in the mood4 ,maria ,nicholaievna4#ceb ,for two days nothing has come into my head4 ,during this time there was alarming news about the condition of the ,dukhobors#cec and that ,mme4 ,m4 ,n4 ,rostovtzev was put in prison4#ced ,for a long time there has been no letter from ,chertkov4 ,perhaps they intercept them4#cee ,am going to continue to write out that which ,i had not written out3 #a7 444 #b7 ,there are two methods of human activity--and according to which one of these two kinds of activity people mainly follow1 are there two kinds of people3 one use their reason to learn what is good and what is bad and they act according to this knowledge2 the other act as they want to and then they use their reason to prove that that which they did was good and that which they didn't do was bad4 #c7 ,it is absolutely clear that it is much more profitable to do everything in common1 but the reasoning about this is insufficient4 ,if the reasoning were sufficient then it would have happened long ago4 ,the fact that it is seen among ,capitalists is unable to convince people to live in common4 ,besides the reasoning that this is profitable1 it is necessary that the heart be ready to live like that 7that the world point of view should be such that it would harmonise with the indications of the reason71 but this is not so and will not be so until the desires of the heart are changed1 i4e41 the world point of view of people4 #d7 ,even if that which ,marx predicted should happen1 then the only thing that will happen1 is that despotism will be passed on4 ,now the capitalists rule1 but then the directors of the working people will rule4 #e7 ,the mistake of the ,marxists 7and not only they1 but the whole materialistic school7 lies in the fact that they do not see that the life of humanity is moved by the growth of consciousness1 by the movement of religion1 by an understanding of life becoming more and more clear1 general1 meeting all problems and not by an economic cause4 #f7 ,the most unthought thing1 the error1 of the theory of ,marx is in the supposition that capital will pass from the hands of private people into the hands of the government1 and from the government1 representing the people1 into the hands of the workers4444 #g7 ,there is nothing that softens the heart so much as the consciousness of one's guilt1 and nothing hardens it so much as the consciousness of one's right4 #h7 ,working people are so 444 that it seems to them they have no outlet4 ,salvation lies in truth1 in preaching and professing it4 #i7 ,they prove the law of the conservation of energy2 but energy is nothing else than an abstract notion1 just the same as matter4 ,but an abstract notion is always equal to itself4 ,in fact1 this is nothing else than as if we were to begin to prove that the law of gravitation1 notwithstanding seeming departures1 exists unchangingly in everything4 7,unclear and perhaps untrue47 #aj7 ,the belief in miracles has for its basis the consciousness that our world just as it is1 is the product of our senses4 ,but the error lies only in supposing that the miraculous1 that is1 that something which is against the laws of reason1 when applied to our senses1 can happen for us with our tool of consciousness1 i4e41 with our senses4 ,that which is against our laws of reason1 when applied to our senses1 can happen for other beings1 for beings with other senses1 just as our tool of consciousness1 our sense1 is only one particular instance from the innumerable quantity of other possibilities4 #aa7 ,it is a great error to think that the reason of man is perfect and can disclose everything to him4 ,the limitation of reason is best seen and most obvious from the fact that a man cannot solve 7he clearly sees that he cannot7 the problems of infinity3 for each time there is still more time1 for each space there is still more space1 for each number there is still a number1 so that all time and space is unknowable4 #ab7 ,the reason of man is just as weak and insignificant in comparison 7and in an infinite number of times more so7 with that which is1 as is the reason 7the means of perception7 of a beetle and an amba in comparison with the reason of man4 ,the reason of man in comparison1 not only with the highest reason1 but with the reason which is higher than his--is just the same as the understanding of a complicated problem of higher mathematics or even of algebra for a man not knowing mathematics1 to whom it seems insoluble1 as are the problems of the infinity of space and time to us4 ,while the problem is simple and clear for one knowing mathematics4 ,the difference is only in this1 that one can learn mathematics1 but no study will help to solve the problem of space and time4 ,this is the limit of the possibility of our knowledge under our reason4 #ac7 ,i pray ,god that ,he release me from my suffering which tortures me4 ,but this suffering is sent to me by ,god in order to release me from evil4 ,the master whips his cattle with the whip in order to drive them from the burning yard and save them1 and the cattle pray that he do not whip them4 #ad7 ,there are common1 sometimes intentional1 sometimes unintentional1 misunderstandings of my opinions which ,i confess irritate me3 a7 ,i say that ,god 444 is not ,god and that ,god is that which alone is--the unattainable good1 the beginning of everything3 against me they say1 that ,i deny ,god2 b7 ,i say that one ought not to resist violence by violence3 against me they say1 that ,i say it is not necessary to fight evil2 c7 ,i say that one ought to strive towards chastity and that on this road the highest grade will be virginity1 and second a clean marriage1 the third not a clean1 that is1 not a monogamous marriage3 against me they say1 that ,i deny marriage and ,i preach the destruction of the human race4 d7 ,i say that art is an infectious activity and that the more infectious art is1 the better it is4 ,but that this activity be good or bad1 does not depend on how much it satisfies the demands of art1 i4e41 its infectiousness1 but on how much it satisfies the demands of the religious consciousness1 i4e41 morality1 conscience2 against me they say that ,i preach a tendence art1 etc4 #ae7 ,woman--and the legends say it also--is the tool of the devil4 ,she is generally stupid1 but the devil lends her his brain when she works for him4 ,here you see1 she has done miracles of thinking1 far-sightedness1 constancy1 in order to do something nasty2 but as soon as something not nasty is needed1 she cannot understand the simplest thing2 she cannot see farther than the present moment and there is no self-control and no patience 7except child-birth and the care of children74 #af7 ,all this concerns women1 un-,christians1 unchaste women1 as are all the women of our ,christian world4 ,oh1 how ,i would like to show to women all the significance of a chaste woman4 ,a chaste woman 7not in vain is the legend of ,mary7 will save the world4 #ag7 ,people are occupied with three things3 #a7 to feed themselves1 i4e41 to continue their existence1 #b7 to multiply--to continue the existence of the specie1 and #c7 to fulfil that for which they had been sent in the world3 to establish the kingdom of ,god4 ,for this there is one means--to perfect oneself4 ,almost all people are occupied with the first two matters1 forgetting the last1 which at bottom is the only real work4 #ah7 ,the decline of the moral consciousness of humanity lies in the greatest part of the people being placed in such a situation that all interest in life for them is only to feed and to multiply4 ,it is just the same as if the master kept his cattle1 caring only that they be fed1 or better1 that they do not die from hunger and that they multiply1 and never received any income from them3 no wool1 or milk1 or work from them--from these cattle4 ,the ,master who sent us in this world requires from us1 besides existence and its continuation1 also the labour ,he needs4 #ai7 ,for ,resurrection4 ,it was impossible to think and remember one's sin and be self-satisfied4 ,but he had to be self-satisfied in order to live1 and therefore he did not think and forgot4 #bj7 ,it is impossible to demand from woman that she valuate the feeling of her exclusive love1 on the basis of moral feeling4 ,she cannot do it1 because she hasn't got a real moral feeling1 i4e41 one that stands higher than everything4 ,to-day ,i plan to go home4 ,aug4 #d4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,why does the #dth of ,august come to my mind as if it were important8 ,nothing important has happened4 ,to-day1 ,august #bd4 ,y4 ,p4 ,during this time ,i received no letters from ,chertkov and am very perplexed4#cef ,i think that during this time the ,dukhobors were here4 ,letters from ,khilkov1 from ,ivan ,michailovich4 ,i answered them all4 ,to-day ,sullerzhitsky arrived4#ceg ,i am working all the time on ,resurrection and am pleased1 even very much so4 ,i am afraid of shocks4 444 ,and ,i feel well4 ,a full house of people3 ,mashenka1#ceh ,stakhovich1 ,vera ,kuzminsky1#cei ,vera ,tolstoi4#cfj ,i am copying3 #a7 ,people were sent into the world to do the work of ,god1 but they quarrelled1 fought and established things in such a way that for some1 there is no time to do the work1 because they have to feed themselves1 and for others there is no time1 because they have to guard that which they took away4 ,what a waste of strength6 ,it is just as if workers had been sent to work and given food2 some have taken the food away and they have to guard it and the others have to get food1 and the work stands still4 #b7 ,people live in the world not fulfilling their mission--it is the same way as if factory workers were only busied with how to lodge themselves1 feed themselves and amuse themselves4 #c7 ,one of the most important tasks of humanity consists in the bringing up of a chaste woman4 #d7 ,i often think that the world is such as it is1 only because ,i am so separated from all the rest4 ,as soon as my separateness from ,everything will end1 then the limits will be torn away and other limits will be established--and then the world will become altogether different for me4 #e7 ,you wish to serve humanity8 ,very well4 ,that which you wish to do1 another will do4 ,are you satisfied8 ,no1 dissatisfied1 because the important thing for me is not what will be done1 but what ,i will do2 that ,i do my work4 ,this is the best proof that the matter is not in the doing1 but in the advancement towards the good4 ,is it possible that ,i am advancing8 ,help1 ,lord4 #f7 ,how difficult it is to please people3 some need one thing1 others another4 ,they need both my past and my future4 ,god is one1 and ,his ,will in respect to me is one1 and ,he wants only my present1 what ,i am doing this minute is what ,he wants4 ,and what was1 has been1 and what will be1 isn't my business4 #g7 ,egoism1 the whole egoistic life1 is legitimate only as long as reason has not awakened4 ,as soon as it has awakened1 then egoism is lawful1 only to that degree in which one has to sustain oneself as a tool necessary for the service of people4 ,the purpose of reason--is the service to people4 ,all the horror lies in its being used for service to oneself4 #h7 ,man gives himself to the illusion of egoism1 lives for himself--and he suffers4 ,it suffices that he begin to live for others1 and the suffering becomes lighter and there is obtained the highest good in the world3 love of people4 #i7 ,as one disaccustoms oneself from smoking or other habits1 so one can and must disaccustom oneself from egoism4 ,when you wish to enlarge your pleasure1 when you wish to exhibit yourself1 when you call forth love in others1 stop4 ,if you have nothing to do for others1 or you have no desire to do anything1 then do nothing--only don't do anything for yourself4 #aj7 ,the ,bavarian told about their life4 ,he boasts about the high degree of freedom1 but at the same time they have compulsory religious teaching1 a crude ,catholic one4 ,that is the most horrible despotism4 ,worse than ours4 ,aug4 #be4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,nov4 #b4 ,y4 ,p4 ,it is horrible to see for what a long time ,i have made no entries3 more than two months4 ,and not only has there been nothing bad1 but rather everything was good4 ,the ,jubilee was not as repulsive and as depressing as ,i expected4#cfa ,the sale of the novel and the receipt of the #ab1jjj roubles which ,i gave to the ,dukhobors was well arranged4#cfb ,i was displeased with ,chertkov#cfc and ,i saw that ,i was at fault4 ,a ,dukhobor arrived from the province of ,yakutsk4 ,i liked him very much#cfd 444 ,masha is pitiable in her weakness1 but she is just as near in spirit4444 ,but glory to ,god and thanks be to ,him that he has awakened it in me and has kept it burning so that it is natural for me either to love and rejoice1 or to love and to pity4 ,and what happiness6 ,archer was here yesterday1 arriving from ,chertkov--,i liked him4#cfe ,there is much to do1 but ,i am all absorbed in ,resurrection1 being sparing with the water and using it only for ,resurrection4 ,it seems to me it won't be bad4 ,people praise it1 but ,i don't believe4 ,everything that ,i noted--it was all very important--,i will write out later1 but now ,i want to write that which ,i just now1 walking on the path1 in the evening1 not only thought but felt clearly3 #a7 ,under my feet there is the frozen1 hard earth2 around1 enormous trees2 overhead a cloudy sky2 ,i fed my body1 ,i feel pain in the head2 ,i am occupied with thoughts on ,resurrection2 and yet ,i know1 ,i feel in all my being1 that both the firm and frozen earth and the trees and the sky and my body and my thoughts--all this is only a product of my five senses1 my image1 the world1 made by me because such is my partition from the world4 ,and that it will be sufficient for me to die--and all this will not disappear but will become transformed1 as they make transformations in the theatres3 from bushes and stones1 they make castles1 towers1 etc4 ,death is nothing else than such a transformation1 dependent from another partition from the world1 another personality3 ,here ,i consider as myself1 my body with my senses1 and then something else will detach itself to be myself4 ,and then the whole world will become something else4 ,but the world is such and not something else1 only because ,i consider myself as this and not as something else4 ,but there can be an innumerable quantity of divisions of the world4 7,this is not entirely clear for others1 but for me--very47#cff ,nov4 #c4 ,if ,i live4 ,nov4 #ad4 ,y4 ,p4 ,again ,i have not noticed how #aa days have passed4 ,have been very intensely occupied with ,resurrection and am making good progress4 ,am absolutely near the end4 ,serezha and ,suller were here and both went away to the ,caucasus with my letter to ,golitsin4#cfg ,s4 arrived yesterday4 ,very well4 ,it is a long time since ,i have felt so well and keen1 intellectually and physically4 ,i cannot make out what ,i have written out and what ,i haven't4#cfh #a7 ,how difficult it is to please people6 ,in order to please them it is necessary that the past and the future meet their demands4 ,but in order to please ,god1 one has only to satisfy ,his demands in the present4 #b7 ,to live for others seems difficult--just as to work seems difficult4 ,but just as in work1 in the care for others there may be the best reward3 love of others may and may not be2 while in labour there is an inner reward1 you work to the end1 get tired1 and you feel good4 #c7 ,the poetry of the past occupied itself only with the strong of the world3 with the ,czars1 etc41 because the strong of the world appeared as the highest and the most complete representatives of the people4 ,but if you take the plain people1 then it is necessary that they express general phenomena 444 7,unclear47 #d7 ,if you do not permit yourself to live for yourself1 then involuntarily1 from boredom1 you begin to live for others4 #e7 ,woman1 just like man1 is endowed with feeling and brain1 but the difference is in this1 that men mostly consider themselves and their feelings bound by the commands of reason1 while women consider their feelings binding for themselves and for their reason4 ,the same thing1 but only in different places4 #f7 ,you get angry at the philosopher who reasons1 who considers that the main basis of the life of man is his material nature2 but this man does not know the spiritual1 but knows only material effect and therefore he cannot think otherwise4 #g7 ,you think that you are alone and you suffer from loneliness2 yet you are not only in harmony1 but you are one with every one2 only artificial and removable barriers separate you4 ,remove them--and you are one with every one4 ,the removing of these barriers according to your strength is the business of life4 #h7 ,if a man considers his animal being as himself1 then he will represent ,god also as a material being1 a ruler who rules materially over material things4 ,but ,god is not such1 ,god is spirit and does not rule over anything1 but lives in everything4 #i7 444 ,if people could have been so deceived1 then there is no deception into which they would not fall4 #aj7 ,i have noted down that it is depressing because there is no life1 but only an egoistic existence4 ,i cannot remember what else ,i could have meant by this4 #aa7 ,god manifests himself in our consciousness4 ,when there is no consciousness--there is no ,god4 ,only consciousness gives the possibility for the good1 for continence1 service1 self-sacrifice4 ,everything depends to what consciousness is directed4 ,consciousness directed to the animal 8self0 kills1 paralyzes life4 ,consciousness directed to the spiritual 8self0 rouses1 lifts1 frees life4 ,consciousness directed to the animal 8self0 strengthens1 ignites passion1 creates fear1 struggle1 the horror of death4 ,consciousness directed towards the spiritual 8self0 frees love4 ,this is very important and if ,i live1 ,i will write it out4 #ab7 ,death is a change of consciousness1 a change of that which ,i can recognise as myself4 ,and therefore fear of death is a horrible superstition4 ,death is a joyous event standing at the end of each life4 ,suffering is sent to people to hold them back from death4 ,otherwise every one understanding life and death1 would struggle towards death4 ,but now it is impossible to go towards death unless through suffering4 #ac7 ,the greatest act in life is the consciousness of one's self1 and its consequences are benevolent or most terrible1 according to whether you direct your consciousness towards the spirit or towards the body4 #ad7 ,in order to get rid of moral suffering 7and even physical7 there are two means3 to destroy the cause of suffering or the feeling in one's self which produces suffering4 ,the first is not in man's power1 the second is4 7,i am repeating ,epictetus74 #ae7 ,the moral progress of humanity advances only because there are old people4 ,the old people become kinder1 wiser1 and give over that which they have lived through to the following generations4 ,if this were not so1 humanity had not advanced2 and what a simple method6 #af7 ,if man looks on life materially1 then old people do not become better1 but worse1 and there is no progress4 #ag7 ,technical progress is greeted by every one1 is pushed on by every one2 the moral1 the religious progress1 is held back by the priests4 ,from this come the main calamities in life4 ,november #ae4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,it seemed to me that ,i made no entries for about three days and now it is ten days4 ,to-day1 ,nov4 #be4 ,y4 ,p4 444 ,i promised to arrive ,december #fth4#cfi444 ,i feel also like going to ,pirogovo4 ,we are alone3 ,tania1 ,masha1 ,kolia4 ,only ,liza ,obolensky4#cgj ,i am still diligently occupying myself with ,resurrection4 ,last night ,i thought out an article on why the people are corrupted4 ,they have no faith of any kind4 ,they christen nave infants and then they consider every reasoning about faith 7perversion7 and every lapse1 as a capital crime4 ,only the sectarians have faith4 ,perhaps ,i am going to bring that into the ,appeal4 ,what a pity4 ,i thought it out well at night4 ,resurrection is growing4 ,it can hardly be compressed into #ajj chapters4#cga ,i have noted down the following and ,i think it is very important 7which might be good for the ,declaration of ,faith73 #a7 ,we are very much accustomed to the reasoning as to how the life of other people1 people in general1 should be arranged4 ,and such kind of reasoning does not seem strange to us4 ,and yet such kind of reasoning could in no ways exist among religious and therefore free people2 such reasoning is the consequence of despotism1 444 ,in this way reason 444 ,they say3 8,if ,i had the power ,i would do so and so with the others40 ,that is a dangerous error1 not only because it tortures1 deforms people who have to undergo violence 444 but it weakens in all people the consciousness of the necessity of improving themselves1 which is the only effective means of influencing other people4 #b7 ,to-day ,i thought about this from another angle4 ,i recalled the words of the ,gospel3 8,and the pupil is not higher than the teacher2 if he learns then he will be like the pupil40 ,we1 the rich master-classes1 teach the people4 ,what would happen if we succeeded in teaching them so that they become as we are8 #c7 ,they talk1 they write1 they preach about the knowing of ,god4 ,what a horrible blasphemy1 and horrible admission of the non-understanding of what ,god is and what we are4 ,we1 a particle of the infinite whole1 wish to understand not only this whole1 but its causes1 the origin of the whole4 ,what absurdity and what a recognition of godlessness1 or a recognition of ,god of that which is not ,god4 ,we can only know that ,he is1 1 ,he exists1 and we can only conclude by ourselves1 what ,he is not4 #d7 ,love is ,god4 ,love is only the recognition that ,god is not flesh1 not passion1 not egoism1 not malice4 7,doubtful47 #e7 ,violence rules our world1 i4e41 malice1 and therefore there is always found in society a majority of dependent1 unstable members3 women1 children1 stupid ones--brought up on malice1 and who side with malice4 ,but the world ought to be ruled by reason1 by goodness2 then all this majority would be brought up on goodness and would side with it4 ,in order that this should take place it is necessary that reason and goodness manifest themselves1 and undismayed1 assert their existence2 that is very important4 #f7 ,the complexity of knowledge is a sign of its falseness4 ,that which is true is simple4 #g7 ,how bad it is that people seeking perfection are pained at calumny1 at a deserved bad name 7or better still1 at an undeserved74 ,calumny1 a bad name1 gives an opportunity1 drives toward an activity1 the value of which is only in our conscience4 ,this is so rare1 so difficult1 and so useful4 ,involuntary simpleness is the best school for goodness4#cgb #h7 ,i have noted down3 8,justice is insufficient4 ,it is 444#cgc necessary to oppose40 ,i cannot remember what this means4 #i7 ,physical labour is important1 because it prevents the mind from working idly and aimlessly4 #aj7 ,perhaps it is more important to know what one ought not to think about1 than to know what one ought to think about4 #aa7 ,women are weak and they not only do not want to know their own weakness1 but want to boast of their strength4 ,what can be more disgusting8 #ab7 ,a good man if he does not acknowledge his mistakes and tries to justify himself can become a monster4 #ac7 444 ,now ,nov4 #bf4 ,morning4 ,y4 ,p4 ,did not sleep and thought3 #a7 ,evil is the material for love4 ,without evil there is none and can be no manifestation of love4 ,god is love1 i4e41 ,god manifests ,himself to us in victory over evil1 i4e41 in love4 ,the question of the origin of evil is just as absurd as the question of the origin of the world4 ,it is not 8whence comes evil80 that one must know1 but 8how to conquer it8 ,how to apply love80 #ahii ,jan4 #b4 ,yasnaya ,polyana4 ,the last time ,i wrote it was ,november #be1 which means a month and a week4 ,i made entries in ,yasnaya ,polyana1 then ,i was in ,moscow1 where ,i did not make one entry4 ,at the end of ,november ,i went to ,pirogovo4 ,i returned on the first and since that time have not been quite well--the small of my back ached and still aches1 and lately ,i have had something like bilious fever4 ,it is the second day that ,i am better4 ,all this time ,i have been occupied exclusively with ,resurrection4#cgd ,i have had some communications about the ,dukhobors1#cge an innumerable pile of letters4 ,kolechka ,gay is with me1 with whom it is a rest to be4444 ,i am calm in the fashion of an old man4 ,and that is all4 ,there is quite a lot to write out4 ,i am going to write it out on the pages ,i skipped4 ,lately ,i feel as if my interest in ,resurrection has weakened1 and ,i joyously feel other1 more important1 interests1 in the understanding of life and death4 ,much seems clear4 ,made an entry1 the #bnd of ,january4 ,to-day1 ,feb4 #ba4 ,moscow4 ,more than six weeks that ,i have made no entries4 ,am all the time in ,moscow4 ,at first ,resurrection went well1 then ,i cooled off entirely4#cgf ,i wrote a letter to the non-commissioned officer#cgg and to the ,swedish papers4#cgh ,for about three days ,i have again taken up ,resurrection4 ,am advancing4 ,students' strike4 ,they are trying to drag me in all the time4#cgi ,i am counselling them to hold themselves passively1 but ,i do not feel like writing letters to them4 444 ,as to me--my back is better4 ,there is living with us1 an interesting and live ,frenchman1 ,sinet1--the first religious ,frenchman4#chj ,there is very much that ,i ought to write out4 ,have been in a very bad mood2 now all right4 ,feb4 #bb4 ,moscow4 ,june #bf4 ,yasnaya ,polyana4 ,four months that ,i have made no entries4 ,i will not say ,i have lived badly all this time4 ,i have worked and am working diligently on ,resurrection4 ,there is much that is good1 there is that1 in the name of which ,i write4 ,during these days ,i have been gravely ill2 now well4444 ,difficult relations because of the printing and translating of ,resurrection1#cha but most of the time am calm4 ,neglected correspondence4 ,they continue sending money for the famine-stricken1 but ,i can do nothing else but send it to them through the post4#chb ,kolichka is with me helping me in the work4 444 ,i continue to write out from my note-book3 #ad7 ,nearing the place of destination1 one thinks more and more often of that place to which one is nearing4 ,thus also while nearing death1 the change of destination4 #ae7 ,only always to remember that there is no other meaning in life1 no other way of finding the joy of life1 but through fulfilling ,his will4 ,and how peacefully and joyously one could live6 #af7 ,in time of illness1 to fulfil ,his will by preparing oneself for the going over into another form4 #ag7 ,it seems to us that the real labour is the labour on something external3 to make1 to collect something2 property1 houses1 cattle1 fruit2 but to labour on one's own soul--that is just phantasy4 ,and yet every other labour except on one's own soul1 the enlarging of the habits of good1 every other labour is a bagatelle4 #ah7 ,they do not obey ,god1 but adore ,him4 ,it is better not to adore1 but to obey4 #ai7 ,no matter what the work you are doing1 be always ready to drop it4 ,and plan it1 so as to be able to leave it4 #bj7 ,the machine 444 is a terrible machine4 ,if we would have clearly understood its danger1 we would never have permitted it to be formed4 #ba7 ,it seems strange and immoral that a writer1 an artist1 seeing the suffering of people1 sympathises less than he observes1 in order to reproduce this suffering4 ,but that is not immoral4 ,the suffering of one personality is an insignificant thing in comparison with that spiritual effect1 if it is a good one1 which a work of art will produce4 #bb7 ,humanity1 it is an enormous animal who seeks and cannot find what it needs4 ,very slowly1 sensations call forth emotions1 and emotions are transmitted to the brain and the brain calls forth acts4 ,the activity of the liberals1 ,socialists1 revolutionaries1 are attempts to galvanise1 to compel the animal to act by arousing its motor nerves and muscles4 ,but there is one organ which does everything when it is not impaired2 in the animal it is the brain1 in the people1 religion4 #bc7 ,i am depressed and ,i ask ,god to help me4 ,but my work is to serve ,god and not that ,he should serve me4 #bd7 ,an individual1 personal life is an illusion4 ,there is no such life2 there is only function1 a tool1 for something4 #be7 444 is vestigial1 having no application1 like the appendix4 #bf7 ,we complain at our depressed spirits1 but they are necessary4 ,man cannot stay on that height to which he sometimes rises2 but man rises and then hypnotises himself for the time of his depression and in the time of his depression he already acts from the view-point that was disclosed to him in the moment of rising4 ,if only to know how to make use of those moments of rising and to know how to hypnotise oneself6 #bg7 ,the evil of the world1 its cause is very simple4 ,every one seeks midi quatorze heures--now in the economic system1 now in the political4 ,i just now read the discussions in the ,german parliament1 on how to keep the peasants from running to the cities4 ,but the solution of all problems is one and no one recognises it and it does not even seem to be of interest to them4 ,but the solution is one1 clear and undoubted3 444 ,the salvation is one3 the destruction of false teaching4 #bh7 ,the difference between people3 ,n thinks about death1 and that does not lead him farther than the question of how and to whom he should leave his money1 where and how be buried4 ,and ,pascal also thinks about death4 #bi7 444 #cj7 ,there is no future4 ,it is made by us4 #ca7 ,the infinity of time and space is not a sign of the greatness of the human mind1 but on the contrary1 it is a sign of its incompleteness1 of its inevitable falsity4 #cb7 ,we think of the future1 we build it2 but nothing future is important1 because the important thing is to do the creative work of love1 which can be done under every possible condition2 and therefore it is altogether indifferent1 what the future will be4 #cc7 ,we get angry at circumstances1 are pained1 wish to change them1 but all possible circumstances are nothing else than indications as to how to act in different spheres4 ,if you are in need1 you must work1 if in prison--think1 and if in wealth1 free yourself 444 etc4 ,it is just like a horse getting angry with the road on which he is being led4 #cd7 ,the press--that is a lie3 with a vengeance4#chc #ce7 ,everything is divided4 ,only ,god unites us1 living in everything4 ,that is why ,he is love4 #cf7 ,the conception of ,god to a religious man1 is continuously destroyed and being replaced by a new1 higher conception4 #cg7 444--is not only the loss of labour1 of lives1 but the loss of the good4 #ch7 ,with many people it is possible to live only when you treat them as you would a horse3 not to take them into consideration1 not reproaching them1 not suggesting1 but only finding a modus vivendi4 ,it is about them3 8,not to cast pearls0 444 ,it is terrible1 but without this rule1 it would be worse4 #ci7 ,is it possible to imagine to oneself a ,socialist working-man with faith in the ,iversk ,ikon8 ,then1 first of all1 there must be a religious emancipation4 #dj7 ,we are all agreed that only he is free who has overcome passion1 and yet knowing this1 we seriously trouble ourselves with the freeing of people who are full of passions4 #da7 ,a rational conviction can never be complete4 ,a full conviction can only be irrational1 especially with women4 #db7 ,answer good for evil and you destroy in an evil man all pleasure which he receives from evil4 #dc7 ,god is love4 ,we know ,god only in love1 which unites everything4 ,you know ,god in yourself through the striving towards this union4 #dd7 ,one continually thinks that the good will be good for him4 ,but the good is1 or it is not--it is not something that will be4 #de7 ,the important thing lies in thoughts4 ,thoughts are the beginning of everything4 ,and thoughts can be directed4 ,and therefore the principal task of perfection is--to work on thoughts4 ,june #bg4 ,if ,i live4 ,y4 ,p4 ,to-day ,july #dth4 ,y4 ,p4 ,all this time ,i have been ill with my usual stomach sickness4 ,the work which absorbed me very much1 has stopped4 ,christ as a myth2#chd and ,kenworthy's book1 a rational exposition of the life of ,christ4 ,the first is better4 ,there is need of a philosophy of moral economy1 i4e41 of religious truth4 ,there is such a thing4 ,i have had many good thoughts1 being ill and nearing death4 ,i think often with pain of brother ,s4 ,i have noted down the #dth3 #a7 ,the government destroys faith1 but faith is necessary4 ,some violating themselves believe in the miraculous1 in the absurd2 others in science4 ,but in which8 ,in the contemporary4 ,but in the contemporary1 there is #ii_/ajj of lie and error4 ,in every contemporary science there are lies4 ,truth revealed by ,god is of course the right1 it is religion2 and truth obtained by the reason of man1 by science1 is also of course1 the right4 ,but the matter lies in recognising what is discovered by ,god and what has been gained by human reason4 #b7 ,death is the destruction of those organs by means of which ,i perceive the world as it appears in this life2 it is the destruction of that glass through which ,i looked and a change to another4 #c7 ,educated people using their education not for the enlightenment and freeing of the working-classes1 but for befogging them1 are like workers using their strength not for sustaining life but for destroying it4 ,these are the intellectual ,pugachevs1 ,stenka ,razins1 only a thousand times more dangerous4 ,july #e4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,september #bh4 ,y4 ,p4 ,have worked all the time on ,resurrection2 now ,i have stumbled on the third part4 ,it is long since ,i have made no progress4 444 ,i have wrought for myself a calm which is not to be disturbed3 not to speak and to know that this is necessary2 that it is under these conditions one ought to live4 ,there are here ,ilya1 ,sonya#che with the children1 ,andrusha with his wife1 ,masha with her husband4 ,i am thinking more and more often about the philosophic definition of space and time4 ,to-day1 if ,i have time1 ,i am going to write it out4 ,i read an interesting book about ,christ never having been1 that it was a myth4#chf ,the probabilities that it is right--there are as many for it1 as there are against4 ,yesterday with the help of ,masha ,i answered all the letters2 many remained unanswered4 ,i am still ill2 rarely a day without pain4 ,i am dissatisfied with myself1 also morally4 ,i have let myself go very much--,i do not work physically and ,i am occupied with myself1 with my health4 ,how difficult it is to bear sickness resignedly1 to go unto death without resistance--and one must4 ,i have been thinking during this time3 #a7 ,women demanding for themselves the work of man and the same freedom1 mostly demand for themselves unconsciously the freedom for licence1 and as a result go down much lower than the family1 though aiming to stand higher than it4 #b7 ,what is this memory which makes from me one being1 from childhood unto death8 ,what is this faculty connecting separate beings in time1 into one8 ,one ought to ask not what is it that unites1 but what divides1 these beings4 ,the faculty of time divides1 beyond which ,i cannot see myself4 ,i am one indivisible being from birth until death2 but to manifest and to know myself1 ,i must do so in time4 ,i am now such as ,i was and will be2 but one who had to and even will manifest myself and know myself in time4 ,i have to manifest myself and know myself in time--for communion with other beings and for influencing them4 #c7 ,i plucked a flower and threw it away4 ,there were so many of them1 it was no pity4 ,we do not value these inimitable beauties of living beings and destroy them1 having no pity not only for plants1 but for animals1 human people4 ,there are so many of them4 ,culture1 civilisation1 is nothing else than the ruin of these beauties and the replacing them 444 with what8 ,the saloon1 the theatre 444 #d7 ,they reproach you with malice1 debauchery1 lies1 thefts1 bring proof1 etc4 ,what is to be done8 ,answer the question with ,what time is it8 ,are you going to take a swim8 ,have you seen ,n ,n1 etc4 ,that is the best and only means of bearing these accusations and even clearing them up4 #e7 ,the dearest thing on earth is the good relation between people2 but the establishment of these relations is not the result of conversation--on the contrary1 they become spoiled by conversation4 ,speak as little as possible1 and especially with those people with whom you want to be in good relation4 #f7 ,in eating1 ,i destroy the limits between myself and other beings2 creating children1 ,i do almost the same thing4 ,the results of the destruction of material limits are visible2 the results of the destruction of the spiritual limits and the union resulting from this are invisible1 only because they are broader4 #g7 8,people are divided 7divided from other beings71 and this appears to them as space4 ,the fact that they are inseparable in essence appears to them as time40 ,that is the way ,i have noted it4 ,space divides1 time unites4 ,but this is untrue4 ,both time and space are dividers and they form the impossibility of realising unity4 7,unclear1 but ,i understand4 ,i will make it clear later47 #h7 ,brotherhood is natural1 proper to people4 ,non-brotherhood1 divisions1 are carefully nurtured4 #i7 ,sometimes one feels like complaining childishly to some one 7to ,god71 to beg for help4 ,is this feeling good8 ,it is not good3 it is a weakness1 a lack of faith4 ,that which more than anything resembles faith--the beseeching prayer1 is in truth a lack of faith--a lack of faith that there is no evil1 that there is nothing to ask for1 that if things are going badly with you1 then it only demonstrates that you ought to improve yourself1 and that there is going on1 that very thing which ought to be1 and under which you ought to do that which has to be done4 #aj7 ,just now ,i wrote this coldly1 understanding with difficulty that state in which you wish to live for ,god alone1 and ,i see through this how there are people who absolutely never understand this1 not knowing any other kind of life besides the worldly1 for people4 ,i know this state1 but cannot just now call it up in myself1 but only remember it4 #aa7 ,everything which lives without consciousness1 as ,i live when ,i sleep1 as ,i lived in the womb of my mother1 lives not materially1 i4e41 not knowing matter1 but lives4 ,but life is something spiritual4 ,endeavouring to remember my state before consciousness1 on the threshold of consciousness1 ,i know only the feeling of depression1 satisfaction1 pleasure1 suffering1 but there is no conception of my body or of another's4 ,the conception of body 7matter7 manifests itself only when consciousness is manifested4 ,the conception of body manifests itself only1 because consciousness gives understanding of the presence in one's self of the basis of everything 7spiritual74 ,and at the same time1 as ,i know that ,i am the basis of everything1 ,i know also that ,i am not the whole basis1 but a part of it4 ,and it is this being a part of a whole1 these limits separating me from the whole1 ,i know through my body3 through my own body and the bodies surrounding me4 #ab7 ,if you desire something1 if you are afraid of something1 that means that you do not believe in that ,god of love which is in you4 ,if you had believed in ,him1 then you could not have wanted anything or have been afraid1 because all desires of that ,god which lives in you are being always fulfilled1 because ,god is all-powerful2 and you would never have been afraid1 because for ,god there is nothing terrible4 #ac7 ,not to think that you know in what the will of ,god really lies1 but to be humble2 and then you will be loving4 ,and the will of ,god in relation to you1 lies only in this4 #ad7 ,people convincing others that reason cannot be the guide of life are those in whom reason is so perverted1 that they clearly see that they have been led into a swamp4 #ae7 ,the only instance where a man can and ought to occupy himself with himself1 is when he feels unhappy4 ,unhappiness is the best condition for perfection1 the ascent to the higher steps4 ,unhappiness is a sign of one's own imperfection4 ,one ought to rejoice at these instances3 it is the preparation of one's self for work1 a spiritual food4 #af7 ,now ,i am an ordinary man1 ,l4 ,n4 7,tolstoi71 and animal1 and now ,i am the messenger of ,god4 ,i am all the time the same man1 but now ,i am the public and now ,i am the judge himself with the chain1 fulfilling the highest responsibilities4 ,one must put on the chain more often4 ,latterly ,i have got out of the habit1 have weakened4 ,i have only just now remembered4 #ag7 ,man is a being beyond time and beyond space who is conscious of himself in the conditions of space and time4 #ah7 ,games1 cards1 women1 races1 are alluring because they have been thought out for the blass4 ,it is not for nothing that the wise teachers have forbidden them4 ,artificial play is corrupting4 ,they are needed for the blas1 but the simple working people need the very simplest plays without preparation4 #ai7 ,only then will you produce true love1 when you will resist offence1 overcome offence with love1 will love your enemy4 #bj7 ,they desire1 they are excited1 they suffer only for trifles or for bad things4 ,the good things are accomplished without excitement4 ,it is from this that the word heart means malice4 7,serdit1 to get angry1 to put into a passion1 comes from sertse1 the heart4--,translator's note47 ,to-day ,oct4 #b4 ,y4 ,p4 ,i am still ill1--,i am not suffering1 but ,i feel threatened constantly4 ,morally ,i am better--,i remember ,god in myself more often1 and death4 ,it seems to me ,i have come out of the difficult place in ,resurrection4444 ,kolichka went away4 ,sonya arrived--she is ill4 ,i am continuing to write out from the notebooks3 #a7 ,i have made this note3 ,space comes from the consciousness of limits1 from the consciousness of one's own separateness2 ,i am one1 and the world is another4 ,and in the world are similar beings with limits3 #b1 #c1 #d1 444 to infinity4 ,these beings can find place only in space4 ,from the consciousness of limits comes also time4 ,i have thought this out again and can express it in this way3 ,separateness1 the non-all-comprehensiveness of our selves1 is expressed in recognising a part of moving matter as ourselves4 ,the part of matter which we recognise as ourselves gives us an understanding of space2 that part of motion which we recognise as ourselves gives us a conception of time4 ,or1 in other words3 ,we cannot imagine a part of matter in any other way than in space4 ,to imagine a part of motion1 we cannot in any other way than in time4 ,space comes from the impossibility of imagining two or many objects beyond time4 ,time comes from the impossibility of imagining two1 many objects beyond space4 ,space is the possibility of representing to one's self two1 many objects at one and the same time4 ,time is the possibility of representing to one's self two1 many objects1 in one and the same space 7one goes out1 the other enters74 ,divisions cannot be in one space1 without time4 ,if there were no time 7motion7 all objects in space would be unmoving and they would form not many objects1 but one space1 undivided and filled with matter4 ,if there were no space1 there could be no motion and our 8self0 would not be separated by anything from all the rest4 ,my body understood by me as my 8self10 and understanding all the rest1 is that part of matter which moves for a definite time and occupies a definite space4 7,not good1 unclear1 perhaps even untrue47 #b7 ,anarchy does not mean the absence of institutions1 but only the absence of those institutions to which people are compelled to submit by force1 but those institutions to which people submit themselves voluntarily1 rationally4 ,it seems to me that otherwise there cannot be established and ought not to be1 a society of beings endowed with reason4 #c7 8,why is it that after sin1 suffering does not follow that person who committed the sin8 ,then he would see what ought not to be done0--because people live not separately but in society and if every one suffered from the sin of each one1 then every one would have to resist it4 #d7 ,conscience is the memory of society assimilated by separate individuals4 #e7 ,in old age you experience the same thing as on a journey4 ,at first your thoughts are on that place from which you are going1 then on the journey itself1 and then on the place to which you are going4 ,i experience this more and more often1 thinking of death4 #f7 ,it is true that a great sin might be beneficial1 by calling forth repentance before ,god1 independently from human judgment4 ,such a sin leads one away from the realm of human judgment1 from vanity1 which masters man and hides from him his relation to ,god4#chg #g7 ,the physical growth is only a preparation of material for spiritual work1 the service to ,god and man which begins with the withering of the body4 ,to-day ,oct4 #ac4 ,y4 ,p4 ,i am still not fully well4 ,it is as it ought to be4 ,but that does not hinder from living1 thinking and moving towards a fixed goal4 ,resurrection advances poorly4 ,have sent away four chapters1 ,i think not passable by the censor1 but at least ,i think ,i have settled on one point1 and that ,i won't make any more great important changes4 ,i do not cease thinking of brother ,sergei1 but because of the weather and ill health ,i cannot make up my mind to go4444 ,sonya was in ,moscow and is going again to-day4 ,to-day ,i had a kind of intellectual idleness1 not only to-day1 but all these latter days4 ,for ,resurrection ,i have thought out good scenes4 ,concerning separateness which appears to us as matter in space and movement in time1 ,i am thinking more and more often and more and more clearly4 ,i have also received ,westrup's pamphlets from ,america about the money1#chh which struck me by explaining everything that was unclear in financial questions and reducing everything as it ought to be1 to violence4444 ,if ,i get time ,i will write it out4 ,i have another important1 joyous thought1 although an old one1 but which came to me as a new one and which makes me very happy1 namely3 #a7 ,the principal cause of family unhappiness--is because people are brought up to think that marriage gives happiness4 ,sex attraction induces to marriage and it takes the form of a promise1 a hope1 for happiness1 which is supported by public opinion and literature2 but marriage is not happiness1 but always suffering1 which man pays for the satisfaction of his sex desire4 ,suffering in the form of lack of freedom1 slavery1 over-satiety1 disgust of all kinds of spiritual and physical defects of the mate which one has to bear2 maliciousness1 stupidity1 falsity1 vanity1 drunkenness1 laziness1 miserliness1 greed and corruption--all defects which are especially difficult to bear when not in oneself but in another person1 and from which one suffers as if they were one's own2 and the same with physical defects3 ugliness1 uncleanliness1 stench1 sores1 insanity1 etc41 which are even more difficult to bear when not in oneself4 ,all this1 or at least something of this1 will always be and to bear them will be difficult for every one4 ,but that which ought to compensate3 the care1 satisfaction1 aid1 all these things are taken as a matter of course2 while all defects as if they were not a matter of course1 and the more one expected happiness from marriage the more one suffers4 ,the principal cause of this suffering1 is that one expects that which does not happen1 and does not expect that which always happens4 ,and therefore escape from this suffering is only by not expecting joys1 but by expecting the bad1 being prepared to bear them4 ,if you expect all that which is described in the beginning of 8,the ,thousand and ,one ,nights10 if you expect drunkenness1 stench1 disgusting diseases--then obstinacy1 untruthfulness1 even drunkenness1 can1 if not exactly be forgiven1 at least be a matter of no suffering and one can rejoice that there is absent that which might have been1 that which is described in 8,the ,thousand and ,one ,nights03 that there is no insanity1 cancer1 etc4 ,and then everything that is good will be appreciated4 ,but is it not in this1 that the principal means of happiness in general lie8 ,and is it not therefore that people are so often unhappy1 especially the rich ones8 ,instead of recognising oneself in the condition of a slave who has to labour for himself and for others1 and to labour in the way that the master wishes1 people imagine that every kind of pleasure awaits them1 that their whole work lies in enjoying them4 ,how not be unhappy under this circumstance8 ,then everything3 work and obstacles and illnesses--the necessary conditions of life--appear as unexpected1 terrible calamities4 ,the poor1 therefore1 are less often unhappy3 they know beforehand that before them lie labour1 struggle1 obstacles1 and therefore they appreciate everything which gives them joy4 ,but the rich1 expecting only joys1 see a calamity in every obstacle1 and do not notice and do not appreciate those goods which they are enjoying4 8,blessed be the poor1 for they shall be comforted2 the hungry1 for they shall be fed2 and woe unto ye1 the rich40 ,oct4 #ad4 ,y4 ,p4 ,if ,i live4 ,oct4 #bg4 ,y4 ,p4 ,we are living alone3 444 ,olga1#chi ,andrusha1 ,julie#cij and ,andrei ,dmitrievich4#cia ,everything is all right1 but ,i am often indisposed3 there are more ill days than healthy ones and therefore ,i write little4 ,sent off #ai chapters1#cib very much unfinished4 ,i am working on the end4 ,i have thought much1 and perhaps well3 #a7 ,about the freedom of the will1 simply3 ,man is free in everything spiritual1 in love3 he can love or not love1 more and less4 ,in everything remaining he is not free1 consequently in everything material4 ,man can direct and not direct his strength towards the service of ,god4 ,in this one thing 7but it is an enormous thing71 he is free3 he can pull or be driven4 #b7 444 of the workers1 prostitution and many other things1 all this is a necessary1 inevitable consequence and condition of the pagan order of life in which we live1 and to change either one or many of these1 is impossible4 ,what is to be done8 ,change the very order of this life1 that on which it stands4 ,how8 ,by this1 in the first place1 by not taking part in this order1 in that which supports it 444 etc4 ,and1 second1 to do that in which man alone is absolutely free3 to change selfishness in his soul and everything which flows from it3 malice1 greed1 violence1 and everything else by love and by all that which flows from it3 reasonableness1 humility1 kindness and the rest4 ,it is impossible to turn back the wheel of a machine by force1--they are all bound together with cogs and other wheels--but to let the steam go which will move them or not let it go is easy2 thus it is terribly difficult to change the very outer conditions of life1 but to be good or bad is easy4 ,but this being good or evil changes all the outer conditions of life4 #c7 ,our life is the freeing of the enclosed--the expansion of the limits in which the illimitable principle acts4 ,this expansion of the limits appears to us as matter in motion4 ,the limit of expansion in space appears to us as matter4 ,that part of matter which we recognise as ourselves we call our body2 the other part we call the world4 ,the limit of expansion in time we call motion4 ,that part of motion which we recognise as ourselves we call our life2 the other part we call the life of the world4 ,all of life is the expansion of these limits1 the being freed from them4 7,all unclear1 inexact47 ,nov4 #bj4 ,moscow4 ,much ,i have not written out4 ,i am in ,moscow4444 ,for #gj years ,i have been lowering and lowering my opinion of women and still it has to be lowered more and more4 ,the woman question6 ,how can there not be a woman question8 ,only not in this1 how women should begin to direct life1 but in this1 how they should stop ruining it4 ,all morning ,i have not been writing and have been thinking two things3 #a7 ,we speak of the end of life--although it is true1 not the one which we understand1 but the one which would be understood by the highest reason4 ,the purpose is just the same as the cause4 ,the cause is looking backward1 the purpose is looking forward1 but the cause1 the conception of the cause 7and therefore of an end7 appears only then when there is time1 i4e41 a being is limited in his conceptions by time4 ,and therefore for ,god1 and for man living a ,godly life1 there is no purpose4 ,there is life in which consciousness grows 78#cic7 and that is all4 #b7 ,a drop fusing with a great drop1 a pool1 ceases to be and begins to be4 ,to-day ,december #ah4 ,moscow4 ,almost a month ,i have not written4 ,have been severely ill4#cid ,had acute pain for one day1 then a respite1 and weakness4 ,and death became more than natural1 almost desirable4 ,and so it has remained now1 when ,i am getting well--that is a new1 joyous step4 ,finished ,resurrection4 ,not good1 uncorrected1 hurried2 but it has fallen from me and ,i am no longer interested4 ,serezha is here1 ,masha and her husband1 ,maria ,alexandrovna4 ,i am all right4 ,have not yet begun to write anything4 ,more than anything ,i am occupied with 1#cie but ,i have no desire for anything very much1 am resting4 ,wrote letters4 ,i am attempting to write out my notes3 #a7 7,trifles7 about many-voiced music4 ,it is necessary that the voice say something1 but here there are many voices and each one says nothing4 #b7 ,one of the principal causes of evil in our life is the faith cultivated in our ,christian world1 the faith in the crude ,hebrew personal ,god1 when the principal sign 7if one can express it so7 of ,god is that he is not limited1 by anything1 consequently not personal4 #c7 ,one should conquer death--not death1 but the fear of death coming from a lack of understanding of life4 ,if only you understand life and its necessarily good purpose--death--then you cease to fear it1 to resist it4 ,and when you cease to fear it1 you cease to serve yourself1 a mortal1 and you will serve an immortal3 ,god1 from whom you came and to whom you are going4 #d7 ,matter is everything which is accessible to our senses4 ,science forces us to suppose matter inaccessible to our senses4 ,in this realm1 there can be beings composed of that matter and perceiving it1 matter inaccessible to our senses4 ,i do not think that there are such beings2 ,i only think that our matter and our senses perceiving it1 are only one of innumerable#cif possibilities of life4 #e7 8,i am a slave1 ,i am a worm1 ,i am a ,czar1 ,i am a ,god40#cig ,slave and worm true1 but ,czar and ,god untrue4 ,it is in vain that people attribute a special significance and greatness to his reason4 ,the limits of human reason are very narrow and are seen at once4 ,these limits are the infinity of space and time4 ,man sees the final answers to the questions he asks himself1 recede and recede in time and also in space1 and in both these realms4 #f7 ,i read about ,englehardt's book3 ,evolution1 the ,progress of ,cruelty4#cih ,i think that here there is a great deal of truth4 ,cruelty has increased mainly because division of labour has been brought to pass1 which assists the increase of the material wealth of man4 ,every one speaks of the benefits of the division of labour1 not seeing that the inevitable condition of the division of labour1 besides the mechanising of man1 is also the removing of those conditions which call forth a human1 moral communion between people4 ,if we are doing the same work1 as agricultural labourers1 then naturally there would be established between us an exchange of service1 a mutual aid1 but between the shepherd and the factory-weaver1 there can be no communion4 7,this seems untrue2 ,i shall think it over47 #g7 ,what would ,god's attitude be towards prayer1 if there were such a ,god to whom one could pray8 ,just the same as would be the attitude of the owner of a house where water had been introduced and to whom the inhabitants would come to ask for water4 ,the water has been introduced4 ,you have only to turn the tap4 ,in the same way everything has been prepared for men which is necessary to them1 and ,god is not at fault that instead of making use of the clean water which was there1 some of the tenants carry water from a stagnant pond1 others fall into despair from lack of water and beg for that which had been given them in such abundance4 #h7 444 #i7 ,one can by personal experience verify the truth1 that ,god1 a part of ,whom is my own self1 is love1 and by the experimental way convince one's self of this truth4 ,as soon as love is violated1 life ends4 ,there is no desire to do anything1 everything is depressing1 and on the contrary1 as soon as love is restored1 as soon as you have made peace with those whom you quarrelled1 forgiven1 received forgiveness--then you wish to live1 to act1 everything seems easy and possible4 #aj7 ,it would be good to express even in approximate numbers and then graphically1 that quantity of labour1 of working days1 which rich people use up in their lives4 ,approximately more or less1 this could be expressed by money4 ,if ,i spend #aj roubles a day1 that means that #bj men are working constantly for me4 7,unclear1 not what ,i want to say47 #aa7 ,they generally say3 8,that is very deep1 and therefore not to be fully understood40 ,this is untrue4 ,on the contrary4 ,everything that is deep is clear to transparency4 ,just as water is murky on top1 but the deeper it is1 the more transparent4 #ab7 ,one small part of people1 about #bj per cent41 is insane by itself1 possessed by a mania of egoism1 which reaches to the point of concentration of all spiritual strengths on oneself2 another1 the greater part1 almost #hj per cent41 is hypnotised by the scientific1 by the artistic 444 and principally 444 hypnotism1 and also does not make use of its reason4 ,therefore progress in the world is always attained by the insane possessed by the same kind of insanity by which the majority is possessed4 #ac7 ,i experience the feeling of peace1 of satisfaction1 when ,i am ill1 when there takes place in me the destruction of the limits of my personality4 ,as soon as ,i get well ,i experience the opposite3 restlessness1 dissatisfaction4 ,are these not obvious signs that the destruction of the limits of personality in this world1 is the entrance of life into new limits8 ,i have finished4 ,december #ai4 ,moscow4 ,if ,i live4 ,to-day ,december #bj4 ,moscow4 ,my health is not good4 ,my spiritual condition is good1 ready for death4 ,in the evenings there are many people4 ,i tire4 ,in number #ea1cii ,resurrection did not appear and ,i was sorry4 ,this is bad4 ,i thought out a philosophic definition of life4 ,to-day ,i thought well about ,the ,coupon4#djj ,perhaps ,i shall write it out4 ,notes ,,notes ,,to ,,the ,,text ,,by ,v4 ,g4 ,,chertkov #a ,with the words1 8,i continue10 ,tolstoi begins a new note-book of the ,journal2 this note-book presupposes another which the editors have only in separate fragments4 ,the previous note-book ended with the following note3 8,october #h1 #ahie1 ,y4 ,p4 87,i am beginning an entry to-day with just what ,i finished two days ago47 8,i have only a short time left to live and ,i feel terribly like saying so much3 ,i feel like saying what we can and must and cannot help believing--about the cruelty of deception which people impose upon themselves2 the economic1 political and religious deception1 and about the seduction of stupefying oneself--wine1 and tobacco considered so innocent2 and about marriage and about education and about the horrors4444 ,everything has ripened and ,i want to speak about it4 ,so that there is no time for performing those artistic stupidities which ,i was prepared to do in ,resurrection4 8,but just now ,i asked myself3 but can ,i write1 knowing that no one will read8 ,and ,i experienced something of disappointment2 but only for a time2 that means that there was some love of fame in it4 ,but there was also the principal thing in it--the need before ,god4 8,father1 help me to follow the same path of love4 ,and ,i thank ,thee4 ,from ,thee flows everything40 #b ,in the original1 merely the initials of the phrase are used4 ,thus ,tolstoi would often finish what he had written during the day with ,i4 ,i ,l4 7,if ,i live71 marking ahead in this fashion the date of the following day4 #c ,countess ,sophia ,andreevna ,tolstoi1 born ,behrs1 #ahdd1 wife of ,tolstoi4 ,in the ,journal1 ,tolstoi calls her ,s41 ,s4 ,a41 or ,sonya4 #d 8,catechism0 ,tolstoi called that systematic exposition of his philosophy in the form of questions and answers which he had begun about this time4 ,in the text1 he calls this work1 ,the ,declaration of ,faith1 or simply1 ,the ,declaration4 7,see entries ,december #bc1 '#ie1 and further47 ,in the following year1 #ahif1 ,tolstoi abandoning the catechism form1 continued and finished the work1 which1 in #ahih1 was published under the title ,christian ,doctrine by ,the ,free ,press 7,swobodnoe ,slovo7 issued by ,a4 and ,v4 ,chertkov1 ,england1 and later in #aije1 it appeared also in ,russia4 #e ,tolstoi never returned to the continuation and revision of the plot of the story ,who is ,right8 which had been begun by him about this time1 and so it has remained unfinished4 ,the beginning of the story as it was written by ,tolstoi1 is printed in his collected works 7see the full collection of works by ,tolstoi1 edited by ,p4 ,biriukov1 published by ,sytin1 #aiac74 #f ,i4e41 with ,katiusha ,maslov and not with ,nekhliudov1 as the first form of the novel was begun4 #g ,john ,c4 ,kenworthy1 an ,english ,methodist minister1 a writer and lecturer1 who shared at that time the opinions of ,tolstoi and who founded in ,england an agricultural colony composed of his co-thinkers4 ,the author of the work1 ,tolstoi1 ,his ,life and ,works1 ,london1 #aijb4 ,there was printed abroad in the ,russian ,language in the journal of ,the ,free ,press 7#ahii1 ,no4 #b1 ,england7 his ,the ,anatomy of ,poverty4 ,they were lectures to the ,english workingmen on political economy1 which struck ,tolstoi favourably and which he included in the manuscript which was then being issued under the title of ,archives of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 ,no4 ,,ii1 and to which he even wrote an introduction4 ,in later life1 ,kenworthy fell ill of nervous prostration and was taken to a sanatorium4 #h ,albert ,shkarvan1 a ,slav1 who shared ,tolstoi's opinions4 ,an army surgeon in the hospital in ,kashai 7,hungary71 he resigned from this service in ,february1 #ahie1 for religious reasons1 for which he was imprisoned for four months4 #i ,the ,russian sect of ,dukhobors1 living in the ,caucasus in #ahie1 to the number of several thousand souls1 upon the suggestion of their leader1 ,peter ,vasilevich ,verigin1 who was at that time in exile1 gave notice to the authorities that they would no longer take the oath or serve in military service1 and1 in a word1 would no longer take any part in governmental violence1 and in the night from the #bhth to the #bith of ,june of that year1 burned all their weapons4 ,cossacks were sent against them and after some executions1 two hundred were put in prison1 many were exiled from their native land and forced to live in ,armenian1 ,georgian and ,tartar villages in the ,province of ,tiflis2 about two or three families in a village1 without land and with the prohibition against intercourse among themselves4 ,those ,dukhobors who remained in active service and refused to serve1 were sent away to disciplinary regiments4 7,see ,dukhobors1 by ,p4 ,biriukov1 #aijh1 publishers1 ,posrednik2 besides there is much material pertaining to the history and the movement of the ,dukhobors printed in various issues of ,the ,free ,press47 #aj ,the manager of the ,moscow ,little ,theatre1 ,walts1 used to call on ,tolstoi for the purpose of receiving information about the staging of his drama1 ,the ,power of ,darkness4 #aa ,ivan ,ivanovich ,bochkarev 7died #aiae71 former revolutionary ,slavophile who suffered much for his convictions4 ,he became acquainted with the group of people around ,tolstoi because of his belief in vegetarianism1 to which he arrived independently of any one4 ,in his personal conversations with ,tolstoi1 ,bochkarev disputed his religious convictions1 heatedly denying all his religious metaphysics4 ,at this time he lived near the village of ,ovsiannikovo1 six versts from ,yasnaya ,polyana1 on the estate of ,tolstoi's daughter1 ,t4 ,l4 ,sukhotin4 #ab ,prince ,nicholai ,leonidovich ,obolensky1 the grandnephew of ,tolstoi--later married to ,tolstoi's daughter1 ,maria ,lvovna4 #ac ,maria ,alexandrovna ,schmidt1 an old friend1 who shared ,tolstoi's opinions and whose personality and whole life1 ,tolstoi esteemed very highly4 ,in the ,journal of ,february #ah1 #aiji1 he wrote1 8,i never knew and do not know any woman spiritually higher than ,maria ,alexandrovna40 ,in the eighties1 when class-teacher in the ,nicholaievsky ,orphan ,asylum in ,moscow1 ,mme4 ,schmidt made the acquaintance of the forbidden works of ,tolstoi1 upon which she left the asylum and went to live on the land1 and up to her death supported herself by the labours of her own hand4 ,the last ten years of her life she lived near the village of ,ovsiannikovo1 on the estate of ,t4 ,l4 ,sukhotin1 procuring her livelihood by the sale of the berries and vegetables from her own garden and the dairy products from her cows4 ,she died ,october #ah1 #aiaa4 #ad ,with ,bochkarev4 #ae ,alexander ,nikiphorovich ,dunaev1 an old friend of the ,tolstoi family1 later one of the directors of the ,moscow ,commercial ,bank4 #af ,constantin ,nicholaievich ,zyabrev1 nick-named 8,bieli0 7,white71 a peasant from ,yasnaya ,polyana1 who was also called by the villagers1 8the ,blessed40 ,tolstoi liked to speak with him4 ,he lived in the greatest poverty and never bothered about the next day4 ,at the time of the visit1 mentioned in the ,journal1 he was already near death and soon passed away4 ,some years before this1 ,tolstoi helped him to rebuild his cabin4 #ag ,dr4 ,ivan ,romanovich ,bazhenov1 who lived at this time in ,vladivostok1 sent ,tolstoi his manuscript essay on the necessity of calling an ecumenical council and asked his opinion on this question4 ,in the copy of the ,journal at the disposal of the editors1 and perhaps in the original of the ,journal1 it was written ,bozhanov4 #ah ,a letter from ,g4 ,f4 ,van-,duyl from ,amsterdam4 ,in the letter of ,november #ahth1 ,tolstoi answered his letter as follows3 8,once a man has understood and is permeated with the consciousness that his true happiness1 the happiness of his eternal life1 that which is not limited by this world1 consists in the fulfilment of the will of ,god and that against this will 444 then no consideration can force this man to act against his true happiness4 ,and if there is an inner struggle and if1 as in that case about which you spoke1 family considerations come out on top1 it only serves as a proof that the true teaching of ,christ was not understood and was accepted by him who could not follow it2 this only proves that he wanted to appear as a ,christian1 but he was not so in reality40 #ai ,paul ,ivanovich ,biriukov1 one of ,tolstoi's nearest friends and followers1 who later wrote his biography 7two volumes1 published by ,posrednik1 ,moscow74 ,tolstoi often calls him ,posha in the ,journal4 #bj ,the editors were unable to discover the title of this pamphlet4 #ba ,maria ,vasilievna ,siaskov1 an amanuensis1 who was employed for many years in the publishing house of ,posrednik4 #bb ,tatiana ,andreevna ,kuzminsky 7born ,behrs71 a sister-in-law of ,tolstoi1 wife of ,senator ,a4 ,m4 ,kuzminsky4 #bc ,konevski1 this is the way ,tolstoi called the novel1 ,resurrection1 which he had begun then1 the subject of which he adopted at the end of the eighties from stories told by the well-known ,court-worker1 ,a4 ,th4 ,koni4 #bd ,arthur ,schopenhauer 7#aghh-ahfj71 the great ,german philosopher4 ,tolstoi evidently read the translation by ,ph4 ,v4 ,chernigovitz1 ,aphorisms and ,maxims1 in two parts1 #ahia-ahib4 ,tolstoi1 as early as #ahfi1 wrote to ,a4 ,a4 ,fet3 8,do you know what the present summer meant to me8 ,continual enthusiasm over ,schopenhauer and a pile of spiritual pleasures which ,i never have experienced before4444 ,schopenhauer is one of the greatest geniuses among people40 #be ,that which was noted down in his pocket note-book--,tolstoi had the habit of putting down thoughts which came to him and which seemed to him important in a pocket note-book which never left him4 ,later he copied the most valuable thoughts into his ,journal1 revising1 more or less1 as he went along4 ,in rewriting from the note-book ,tolstoi often began the entry with these words1 8,i have been thinking0 or 8,i have it noted40 #bf ,see ,note #d4 #bg ,this essay1 entitled ,shameful1 pointing out the cruelty and senselessness of corporal punishment which the law at that time applied to the peasants1 was printed with omissions and alterations in the ,russian newspapers and later abroad in full in ,leaflets of ,the ,free ,press1 ,no4 ,,iv1 ,england1 #ahii2 later it was printed in ,the ,full ,collected ,works of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 published by ,sytin1 subscribed and popular editions1 volume ,,xviii4 #bh ,in the ,moscow ,little ,theatre4 #bi ,n1 a young artist living in the home of the ,tolstois1 after refusing military service on account of religious convictions1 was placed in the military hospital in ,moscow in the ward for the diseases of the heart1 where he was visited by ,tolstoi4 ,later1 various difficult experiences and spiritual changes led him to agree to military service4444 #cj ,nicholai ,alexeievitch ,philosophov1 father of ,countess ,s4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 wife of ,count ,i4 ,l4 ,tolstoi4 #ca ,a4 ,a4 ,shkarvan sent ,tolstoi his letter entitled 8,why ,it ,is ,impossible to ,serve as a ,military ,doctor40 ,later this letter1 in revised form1 appeared in his book1 ,my ,resignation from ,military ,service4 ,notes of a ,military ,doctor4 7,published by ,the ,free ,press1 ,england1 #ahih1 ,chapter ,,iv47 #cb ,maria ,lvovna ,tolstoi 7#ahgb-aijf71 second daughter of ,tolstoi1 afterwards married to ,count ,n4 ,l4 ,obolensky4 #cc ,count ,ilya ,lvovich ,tolstoi 7born #ahff71 second son of ,tolstoi4 ,has written a book1 ,my ,recollections 7,moscow1 #aiad74 #cd ,vladimir ,grigorevich ,chertkov and his wife1 ,anna ,constantinovna 7born ,dieterichs74 ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov made the acquaintance of ,tolstoi in #ahhc4 ,for biographical information about him see under 8,biography of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoy0 by ,p4 ,biriukov 7,volume ,,ii1 #aiac7 and also in the pamphlet1 ,tolstoi and ,chertkov1 by ,p4 ,a4 ,boulanger 7,moscow1 #aiaa7 and in the essay of ,a4 ,m4 ,khiriakov3 8,who ,is ,chertkov80 7,kievski ,mysl1 #aiaj1 ,no4 #ccc1 ,december #bnd74 #ce ,soon ,tolstoi began this drama 7see entry of ,january #bc1 #ahif71 which he called ,and ,light ,lights ,up ,darkness4 ,this drama1 having to a great extent a biographic character1 portrays the torturing condition of a man who has gone through an inner religious crisis1 and who lives with his family which1 not understanding him1 interferes with his attempts to change his life according to the truth revealed to him4 ,this was first printed with a great many censor deletions in ,the ,posthumous ,literary ,works of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi 7edited by ,a4 ,l4 ,tolstoi1 #aiaa1 ,volume ,,ii74 #cf ,the ,englishman1 ,john ,manson1 came to ,tolstoi with a request for his opinion on the collision between the ,united ,states and ,england on account of the boundaries of ,venezuela4 ,tolstoi answered by an extensive letter which was published under the title1 8,patriotism or ,peace80 and printed abroad 7by ,deibner in ,berlin1 and others47 ,it was not printed in ,russia4 #cg ,ernest ,crosby 7#ahef-aijg71 an ,american social-worker1 a poet and writer4 ,when he was a representative of the ,united ,states in the ,international ,court in ,egypt1 he read ,tolstoi's ,on ,life1 which caused an upheaval in his soul4 ,as a result1 he left the ,government service and devoted his life to the propaganda of the social-religious views of ,tolstoi and the social-economic views of ,henry ,george4 ,he founded ,the ,social ,reform ,league1 the object of which was the discussing of the problems of reorganisation of contemporary life on the basis of justice and equality1 and the furthering of the actual realisation of this reorganisation4 #ch ,e4 ,n4 ,drozhin1 a district school teacher1 in #ahia1 refused military service at the recruiting in the city of ,sudzha in the ,province of ,kursk4 ,he was sentenced to be sent to a disciplinary battalion and stayed fifteen months in the ,voronezh disciplinary battalion4 ,here he fell ill of consumption and the doctors pronounced him unfit to continue military service1 upon which he was transferred to the state's prison to finish his sentence4 ,he died in the ,voronezh prison on ,january #bg1 #ahid1 from inflammation of the lungs which he contracted at the time of his transfer 444 from the disciplinary regiment to the prison4 ,the story of his refusal from military service is described in detail in the book by ,e4 ,i4 ,popov3 ,life and ,death of ,e4 ,n4 ,drozhin1 #ahff-ahid1 published by ,the ,free ,press1 ,england1 #ahii4 ,tolstoi wrote an appendix to this book in which he expressed the opinion that such people like ,drozhin 8by their activity help44440 ,in reference to this article the well-known ,german writer1 ,frederick ,spielhagen1 printed an open letter to ,count ,leo ,tolstoi in the newspapers1 in which he considered ,tolstoi guilty of ,drozhin's death1 a useless one1 according to ,spielhagen1 for the abolition of war and the establishment of universal peace4 ,this letter was translated into ,russian in #ahif and appeared as a separate pamphlet4 #ci ,see ,note #cf4 #dj ,a voluminous letter devoted to the problem of non-resistance to evil by violence and the relation of contemporary ,american writers to it4 #da ,count ,andrei ,lvovich ,tolstoi1 born #ahgg1 fourth son of ,tolstoi4 ,in this year he served in the ,tver military as a volunteer 7before the prescribed age74 #db ,nicholai ,michailovich ,nagornov1 husband of ,tolstoi's niece1 ,varvara ,valerianovna4 ,in the letter to ,a4 ,k4 ,chertkov of ,january #ac1 #ahif1 ,tolstoi wrote3 8,we had a death lately4 ,nagornov died1 the husband of my niece4 ,she loved him passionately and they lived together remarkably happily 444 no one knows anything of him1 but the good4444 ,my heart feels solemn and good because of this death40 #dc ,fedior ,kudinenko1 a peasant1 a co-thinker of ,tolstoi1 a former gendarme4 #dd ,see note #bi4 #de ,dushan ,petrovich ,makovitsky 7,duan ,makovick71 a ,slovak1 who later became one of the closest friends and followers of ,tolstoi1 spent six years in ,yasnaya ,polyana from the end of #aijd to the day ,tolstoi left1 in the capacity of family doctor1 and was near ,tolstoi until the latter's death4 ,at this time he lived in his native land1 in ,hungary1 taking part in the publication of translations into the ,slavonian of ,tolstoi's books and of writers near to him in spirit4 ,the article here mentioned is 8,instances of ,refusal from ,military ,service among the ,sect of the ,nazarenes1 in ,hungary40 ,printed in ,leaflets of the ,free ,press1 ,england1 #ahih1 ,no4 ,i4 #df ,the ,nazarenes1 a sect spread in ,hungary1 ,chorvatia1 ,serbia1 ,bulgaria1 ,switzerland and the ,united ,states1 whose members refuse military service4 #dg ,nicholai ,nicholaievich ,strakhov 7#ahbh-ahif71 a friend of the ,tolstoi family1 a noted writer and philosopher1 highly valued by ,tolstoi as a man and a literary critic4 ,he had an extensive correspondence with ,tolstoi1 which was published by the ,tolstoi ,museum ,society in ,petrograd1 #aiad4 #dh ,the family of the ,counts ,olsuphiev was very much liked by ,tolstoi4 ,this is what he wrote about them to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov on ,february #i1 #ahif3 8,they are such very simple and good people1 that the difference between their opinion and mine1 and not the difference but the non-recognition of that by which ,i live1 does not bother me4 ,i know that they cannot1 but that they want to be good and that they have gone as far as they could in that direction40 #di ,nicholai ,vasilevich ,davydov1 an old friend of the ,tolstoi family1 being appointed at this time ,president of the ,tula ,district ,court1 was presented to the ,emperor and had a long conversation with him about ,tolstoi1 answering the questions asked him by the ,emperor4 ,at present1 ,n4 ,v4 ,davydov is ,president of the ,tolstoi ,society in ,moscow4 #ej ,alexander ,ivanovich ,ertel 7#ahee-aijh71 a well-known writer1 author of the novel ,the ,gardenins and other stories and novels4 ,the essay by ,ertel which ,tolstoi mentions was published in ,nedielia in #ahif1 ,no4 ,,iii1 under the title1 8,is ,russian ,society ,declining80 ,he objected to ,tolstoi who said in the article 8,shameful0 that one ought not to ask about the abolition of corporal punishment1 but 8one must and ought only to denounce such a thing40 8,the way of denunciation and repentance is tested and is being tested--0 wrote ,ertel1 8but in itself it is not sufficient for successful struggle against evil4 ,for the greatest effectiveness in this struggle of changes1 the judicial path of #8petitions1 declarations and addresses1' deserves every kind of sympathy from the side of historical rationalism as well as from the ,christian point of view40 ,later ,tolstoi1 highly appreciating the popular style of ,ertel1 wrote a preface to the posthumous edition of his works1 ,moscow1 #aiji4 #ea ,see ,note #ch4 #eb ,m4 ,a4 ,sopotsko1 at one time in the beginning of the ,nineties shared some of ,tolstoi's views in relation to the outer life1 but never understood the essence of his religious philosophy4 ,later ,sopotsko became a supporter of ,orthodoxy and frequently attacked ,tolstoi and his friends in print4 #ec ,marian ,zdziechowski1 a professor in the ,cracow ,university1 a well-known social worker4 ,in the ,sieverni ,viestnik for the year #ahie1 ,no4 #g1 under the pseudonym ,m4 ,ursin1 he contributed an article3 8,the ,religious ,political ,ideals of ,polish ,society40 ,in respect to this article ,tolstoi wrote him a long letter which was printed abroad and later was reprinted in the ,new ,collection of ,letters of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 collected by ,p4 ,a4 ,sergienko 7published by ,okto1 #aiaa71 from which by order of the ,moscow ,court it was deleted4 ,after this letter ,m4 ,e4 ,zdziechowski wrote several times to ,tolstoi on the problems of ,catholicism1 but to those letters1 mentioned in the ,journal1 ,tolstoi evidently answered by a personal conversation during the former's visit to ,yasnaya ,polyana in the summer of #ahif4 #ed ,in her letter addressed to ,m4 ,l4 ,tolstoi1 ,vera ,stepanovna ,grinevich touched most seriously and deeply upon the fundamental problems concerning the religious upbringing of children4 ,this letter produced a very strong impression on ,tolstoi and he intended to answer it in detail1 but other work drew him away from accomplishing this resolution4 ,the letter of ,v4 ,s4 ,grinevich and the letter to her by ,m4 ,l4 ,tolstoi and ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov are printed in her book3 ,the ,new ,school-family and the ,causes of its ,origin4 #ee ,nicholskoe1 an estate of ,count ,olsuphiev near ,moscow1 close to the station of ,podsolnechnaia on the ,nicholai railroad4 #ef ,eugene ,heinrich ,schmidt1 a ,german-,hungarian writer1 resembling in some respects the philosophy of ,tolstoi4 ,in the ,nineties he issued a magazine in ,budapest3 ,die ,religion des ,geistes1 and a newspaper with a ,christian anarchical tendency3 ,ohne ,staat4 ,in #aija he printed a book in ,leipzig1 ,tolstoi1 ,his ,meaning to ,our ,civilization 7see also his article on the cultural significance of the works of ,leo ,tolstoi1 printed in the ,international ,tolstoi ,almanac by ,p4 ,a4 ,sergienko1 published by ,kniga1 #aiji47 #eg ,sergei ,alexandrovich ,rachinsky 7#ahcf-aijb71 a celebrated worker for popular education1 who sacrificed his lectures in the ,moscow ,university for his favourite occupation of teaching the peasant children in the village schools to write and read4 ,a relative to ,tolstoi on account of the first wife of his son1 ,sergei ,lvovich1 and personally acquainted with ,tolstoi as early as the beginning of the ,sixties4 #eh ,written originally in ,english4 #ei ,the letter was called forth by the ,italian-,abyssinian war1 which was then going on4 ,the rather extensive beginning of this letter has been preserved1 but up to now has not been published anywhere4 #fj ,here follow words that have been crossed out4 ,note made by ,prince ,n4 ,l4 ,obolensky in the copy in possession of the editors4 #fa ,michail ,petrovich ,novikov1 a peasant of the ,province of ,tula1 who served a year as an army scribe in one of the regiments stationed in ,moscow4 ,after his acquaintance with ,tolstoi he suffered much because of his endeavour to realise his beliefs in his life4 ,a gifted writer4 #fb ,countess ,tatiana ,lvovna ,tolstoi 7born #ahfd71 the eldest daughter of ,tolstoi4 ,in the year #ahii she married ,m4 ,s4 ,sukhotin4 #fc ,maria ,michailovna ,kholevinsky1 a woman doctor1 living in ,tula4 ,by ,administrative order1 after the event mentioned in the ,journal1 she was exiled to ,orenburg4 #fd ,this letter1 sent to both ministers 7,i4 ,l4 ,goremykin and ,n4 ,v4 ,muraviev7 and to the same publishing house1 was printed at first abroad in the paper ,the ,free ,press1 ,no4 #b1 in #aijb 7,england71 afterwards in ,russia4 7,see ,full ,collected ,works of ,tolstoi1 published by ,sytin1 #aiac--popular edition1 ,volume ,,xxii4 ,it is known that the request of ,tolstoi in this letter3 ,to direct all the prosecutions for the spreading of his forbidden books in ,russia to himself and not to his followers and friends1 as well as a whole series of subsequent similar petitions to ,governmental officials--was not granted47 #fe ,the second act of ,wagner's opera1 ,siegfried4 ,for the impression produced on ,tolstoi1 see ,what ,is ,art8 chapter ,,xiii--in the letter to his brother1 ,count ,s4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 on ,april #bj1 #ahif1 ,tolstoi under the fresh impression of this opera wrote the following3 8,last night ,i was at the theatre and heard the celebrated new music of ,wagner's opera1 ,siegfried4 ,i could not sit through a single act and ,i fled from the place like mad1 and now ,i cannot talk calmly about it4 ,it is stupid1 unfit for children above seven years of age1 a ,punch and ,judy show1 pretentious1 feigned1 entirely false and without any music whatever4 ,and several thousand sat and pretended to be fascinated40 #ff ,aphrikan ,alexandrovich ,spier 7#ahcg-ahij71 a remarkable ,russian philosopher1 who lived many years in ,germany and who wrote his works in ,german3 ,thinking and ,reality1 ,morality and ,religious1 etc4 ,tolstoi was then reading his principal work1 ,denken und ,wirklichkeit 7,thinking and ,reality7--in a letter of #ahif to ,countess ,s4 ,a4 ,tolstoi1 ,tolstoi wrote3 8,i am reading a newly discovered philosopher1 ,spier1 and am rejoicing4444 ,a very useful book1 destroying many superstitions1 especially the superstition of materialism40 7,the ,letters of ,count ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi to his ,wife1 ,moscow1 #aiac1 page #eaj47 #fg ,the philosopher's daughter1 ,elena ,aphrikanovna ,spier1 who sent her father's works to ,tolstoi4 #fh ,grigori ,grigorevich ,myasoyedov 7#ahce-aiab74 ,a celebrated artist1 the painter of the picture1 8,the ,reading of the ,ordinance1 of ,february #aith0 and others2 one of the principal initiators and founders of the ,society of ,travelling ,expositions4 #fi ,dmitri ,dmitrievich ,sverbeev1 the ,governor of ,courland1 an acquaintance of the ,tolstois'4 #gj ,the cement factory1 ,gill1 within #g versts of ,yasnaya ,polyana4 #ga ,to the ,coronation in ,moscow there went3 ,countess ,s4 ,a4 ,tolstoi and ,countess ,a4 ,l4 ,tolstoi2 while ,countess ,t4 ,l4 ,tolstoi went to ,sweden for the coming marriage in ,stockholm of ,count ,l4 ,l4 ,tolstoi and ,d4 ,ph4 ,westerlund4 #gb ,the branch post office1 #g versts from ,yasnaya ,polyana4 #gc ,died in #aiac4 #gd ,the well-known publisher of ,novoe ,vremia1 ,m4 ,o4 ,menshikov1 a contributor at that time to the liberal magazine1 ,knizhki ,nedieli1 where among other things1 he occupied himself with popularizing ,tolstoi's ideas4 ,in the article 8,the ,errors of ,fear10 printed in that magazine in #ahif 7,nos4 ,,iv to ,,vi7 ,menshikov sharply condemned certain governmental repressions of the time4 ,for this article the magazine received a warning4 ,towards the later journalistic activities of ,menshikov1 ,tolstoi took a critical attitude4 #ge ,fedior ,alexeievich ,strakhov1 a friend1 who shared the views of ,tolstoi1 author of philosophic articles published by ,posrednik under the titles ,beyond ,political ,interests1 ,the ,search ,for ,truth4 ,posrednik also published a collection of articles of various thinkers compiled by him under the title ,spirit and ,matter 7against materialism74 ,several of his other articles were issued abroad4 ,for ,tolstoi's review of the books of ,f4 ,a4 ,strakhov see in ,journal1 ,august #ae1 #aiaj4 #gf ,nicholai ,nicholaievich ,strakhov 7died in ,january of this year74 #gg ,with ,f4 ,a4 ,strakhov4 #gh ,timofei ,nicholaievich ,granovsky 7#ahac-ahee71 a ,russian historian1 a professor at the ,moscow ,university4 #gi ,vissarion ,grigorevich ,bielinsky 7#ahaj-ahdh71 the critic--see in ,journal1 ,march #g1 #ahii1 a comparison between ,bielinsky and ,gogol4 #hj ,alexander ,alexandrovich ,herzen 7#ahab-ahgj71 a great writer4 ,from #ahdg to his death he lived abroad as an exile4 ,his collected works with censor deletions have been published in ,russia only in #aije4 ,tolstoi as early as ,august #d1 #ahfj1 wrote in his ,journal1 8,herzen1 a scattered mind1 sickly ambition4 ,but his broadness1 skilfulness1 kindness and refinement is ,russian40 ,soon after1 in the beginning of #ahfa1 ,tolstoi1 being abroad1 spent a month in ,london1 where he saw ,herzen almost daily4 ,in addition to the opinion expressed in this note of ,tolstoi's about ,herzen1 it should be noted that afterwards ,tolstoi1 appreciating him from another point of view1 acknowledged a broad educational significance to his works 7see1 for example1 ,journal1 ,october #ab1 #ahie74 ,in the letters to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov of ,february #i1 #ahhh1 and to ,n4 ,n4 ,gay of ,february #ac of the same year1 ,tolstoi called ,herzen 8a man remarkable in strength1 in mind and in sincerity0 and expressed regret that his works were forbidden in ,russia1 as the reading of them1 according to his opinion1 would be very instructive to the youth4 #ha ,nicholai ,gavrilovich ,chernishevsky 7#ahbh-ahhi7 and ,nicholai ,alexandrovich ,dobroliubov 7#ahcf-ahfa71 ,russian critics4 ,tolstoi became acquainted with ,chernishevsky when he published his works in ,sovremennik1 which was edited by ,chernishevsky4 #hb ,five-year-old daughter of ,f4 ,a4 ,strakhov4 #hc ,declaration of ,faith1 later re-named ,the ,christian ,doctrine4 #hd ,the estate of ,tolstoi's brother1 ,s4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 in the district of ,krapivensk1 in the ,government of ,tula1 #ce versts from ,yasnaya ,polyana4 #he ,count ,sergei ,nicholaievich ,tolstoi 7#ahbf-aijd74 ,see for him in ,biography of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi by ,p4 ,biriukov and in ,my ,recollections by ,count ,i4 ,l4 ,tolstoi1 ,moscow1 #aiad4 #hf ,the daughters of ,count ,s4 ,n4 ,tolstoi3 ,vera1 ,varvara and ,maria ,sergievna4 #hg ,charles ,salomon1 the translator of some of ,tolstoi's works into ,french1 and a professor of the ,russian language in the higher institutions in ,paris4 #hh ,sergei ,ivanovich ,tanyeev 7#ahef-aiae71 composer1 at one time director at the ,moscow ,conservatory1 an acquaintance of the ,tolstoi family1 who lived three summers 7#ahid-ahif7 in ,yasnaya ,polyana4 #hi ,on the ,khodinka field at the time of the coronation celebration of ,may #ah1 #ahif4 ,in the beginning of the year #aiaj1 ,tolstoi wrote a little story called ,khodinka1 printed for the first time in his ,posthumous ,literary ,works1 ,volume ,,iii1 published by ,a4 ,l4 ,tolstoi1 ,moscow1 #aijb4 #ij ,timofei ,nicholaievich ,bondarev 7#ahbj-ahih71 a peasant of the district of the ,don4 ,in #ahfg he was exiled to ,siberia for conversion to the ,jewish faith and lived in the district of ,minusinsk1 in the ,province of ,yeniseisk1 to the end of his life4 ,wrote a work called ,industriousness and ,parasitism1 or ,the ,triumph of the ,agricultural ,worker 7issued with abbreviations in #aijf in ,petrograd by ,posrednik17 in which he proved the moral obligation of each man to do agricultural work4 ,tolstoi wrote a long introduction to this work4 ,as to the impression which this work produced on ,tolstoi1 he himself wrote in his book ,what ,then ,shall ,we ,do8 7#ahhd-ahhf7 the following3 8,in all my life1 two ,russian thinkers had upon me a great moral influence and enriched my thought and clarified my philosophy4 ,these people were not ,russian poets1 scholars1 preachers--they were two remarkable men who are now living1 and who all their life laboured in the muzhik labour of peasants1 ,siutaev and ,bondarev40 ,in his letter here mentioned to ,bondarev1 ,tolstoi touched upon those religious problems which ,bondarev asked him4 ,for more details about ,bondarev see in the article of ,c4 ,s4 ,shokhor-,trotsky3 8,siutaev and ,bondarev0 7in the ,tolstoi ,annual1 #aiac71 ,petrograd1 #aiad1 issued by the ,tolstoi ,museum ,society1 following which are printed ten letters by ,tolstoi to ,bondarev and some writings of ,bondarev himself4 #ia ,my ,refusal ,from ,military ,service1 ,the ,memoirs of an ,army ,physician1 issued by ,the ,free ,press1 #ahih1 ,england4 ,tolstoi read this work even before1 in manuscript1 and at this time probably was re-reading it4 ,in his letter to ,a4 ,a4 ,shkarvan of ,december #af1 #ahie1 ,tolstoi wrote3 8,your memoirs are interesting and important to the highest degree4 ,i read them with spiritual joy and was touched40 #ib ,see ,note #bi4 #ic ,stephane ,mallarm 7#ahdb-ahih71 ,french poet1 considered one of the most prominent ,symbolists4 ,for a more detailed opinion of him by ,tolstoi1 see his book1 ,what ,is ,art8 ,chapter ,x4 #id ,goethe 7#agdi-ahcb71 the ,german poet4 ,see for ,tolstoi's opinion of him in his ,journal1 ,september #ac1 #aijf4 ,earlier in #ahia1 in his letter to ,countess ,a4 ,a4 ,tolstoi1 ,tolstoi wrote3 8,as to ,goethe1 ,i do not like him at all4 ,i don't like his conceited paganism40 ,shakespeare 7#aefd-afaf74 ,see ,tolstoi's article about him 8,on ,shakespeare0 and 8,on ,the ,drama0 and the opinion in his journal ,march #ae1 #ahig4 #ie ,declaration of ,faith4 #if ,henry ,george 7#ahci-ahig71 noted ,american social worker and writer on economic questions4 ,in his numerous works1 chiefly on agrarian questions1 he was a warm defender of the destitute and the oppressed4 ,george considered the existence of private land ownership as the principal cause of the existence of poverty2 appearing as its opponent1 he suggested the abolition of all existing taxes1 substituting for them a single tax on the value of land2 by means of this reform1 land would pass into the hands of people cultivating it by their own labour1 because for people who did not work it1 it would be unprofitable to own great stretches of land1 since they would have to pay a large amount of taxes on them4 ,tolstoi sympathised very much with ,george's scheme and wrote much about it 7,the ,great ,sin1 ,the ,only ,possible ,solution of the ,land ,question1 ,a ,letter to a ,peasant and some chapters in ,resurrection and others74 ,of the works of ,george1 ,tolstoi recognised as the best his ,social ,problems1 to the ,russian translation of which he wrote a preface4 ,in the last years of ,george's life1 ,tolstoi was in correspondence with him2 in his letter to him of #ahid ,tolstoi among other things wrote3 8,the reading of each one of your books clarifies for me much which formerly was not clear to me and convinces me more and more of the truth and practicality of your system0 translated from the ,russian from a translation from the ,english4--,translator's note4 ,on the occasion of ,george's death1 ,tolstoi wrote to ,countess ,s4 ,a4 ,tolstoi on ,october #bd1 #ahig3 8,serezha told me yesterday that ,henry ,george was dead4 ,strange to say1 his death struck me as the death of a very close friend4 ,the death of ,alexandre ,dumas produced the same impression upon me4 ,one feels as if it were the loss of a real comrade and friend40 ,many works of ,george's are translated into the ,russian2 there is a splendid biography of him written by ,s4 ,d4 ,nicholaev1 and published by ,posrednik3 ,the ,great ,fighter for ,land ,liberation1 ,henry ,george1 ,moscow1 #aijf4 #ig ,anna ,constantinovna ,chertkov4 #ih ,in the letter to ,count ,l4 ,l4 ,tolstoi of ,june #g1 #ahif1 ,tolstoi related the incident as follows3 8,yesterday a remarkable event happened to me4 ,two or three times there came to me a young civilian from ,tula asking me to give him books4 ,i gave him some of my articles and spoke with him4 ,he was1 according to his convictions1 a ,nihilist and an ,atheist4 ,i told him from the bottom of my heart all that ,i thought4 ,yesterday he came and gave me a note3 #8,read it1' he said1 #8then tell me what you think of me4' ,in the note it was written that he was a junior officer in the gendarmerie1 a spy1 sent to me to find out what is going on here1 and that he became unbearably conscience-stricken and that is why he disclosed himself to me4 ,i felt pity and disgust and pleasure40 #ii ,the priest1 ,john ,ilich ,sergiev 7of ,kronstadt7 7#ahbi-aijh71 who enjoyed great fame as 8,the supplicator for the sick40 ,in his preaching and his books he many times made sharp attacks against ,tolstoi and his views4 #ajj ,declaration of ,faith4 #aja ,zakaz1 a piece of ,yasnaya ,polyana forest1 not far from the house4 ,tolstoi was afterwards buried there4 #ajb ,tolstoi had the opportunity to closely observe the nomadic life of the ,bashkirs in the province of ,samara1 where he went in the ,sixties to drink kumyss1 and in the ,seventies and ,eighties to his own estates 7see ,the ,biography of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi written by ,p4 ,i4 ,biriukov 7,moscow1 #aiac7 published by ,posrednik1 ,volume ,,ii1 ,chapter ,,viii2 and also the ,recollections in the ,children's ,magazine1 ,mayak1 #aiac1 by ,v4 ,s4 ,morosov1 a former pupil of the ,yasnaya ,polyana school in the beginning of the ,sixties74 #ajc ,a village within four versts from ,yasnaya ,polyana4 #ajd ,leonilla ,fominishna ,annenkov 7#ahde-aiad71 an old friend of ,tolstoi's and an adherent of his philosophy1 the wife of a ,kursk landlord1 the well-known scholarly lawyer1 ,k4 ,n4 ,annenkov 7#ahdb-aiaj74 ,she made the acquaintance of ,tolstoi in #ahhf and from that time on corresponded very much with him4 ,completely sharing the opinions of ,tolstoi1 she applied them with a rare sequence to life and she was noted for her remarkable abundance of love which attracted every one who met her4 ,tolstoi valued her highly1 considering that she had 8a clear mind and a loving heart40 #aje ,farther on one line is crossed out4 ,a note of ,princess ,m4 ,l4 ,obolensky in the copy at the disposal of the editors4 #ajf ,it weighed upon him that certain persons to whom he did not want to show his ,journal had read it nevertheless4 ,in the last years of his life he was compelled to hide the current ,journal somewhere in his rooms1 and the finished note-books he gave away in safe keeping4 #ajg ,a village four versts from ,yasnaya ,polyana1 where the ,chertkovs lived in summer4 #ajh ,declaration of ,faith4 #aji ,the note of ,july #ai1 #ahif1 he evidently originally inserted in a note-book from which he later wrote it out in his ,journal4 #aaj ,tolstoi's brother1 ,count ,s4 ,n4 ,tolstoi4 #aaa ,this article under the title of 8,how to ,read ,the ,gospels and ,what ,is ,its ,essence0 was printed at first in the edition of ,the ,free ,press1 #ahih1 and after in #aije in ,russia4 7,see the complete works of ,tolstoi published by ,sytin1 ,popular ,edition1 ,volume ,,xv47 ,the central thought of this article is that in order to understand the true meaning of the ,gospels1 one has to penetrate those passages which are completely simple1 clear and understandable4 ,tolstoi advises all those who wish to understand the true meaning of the ,gospels to mark everything which is for them completely clear and understandable with a blue pencil and marking at the same time with a red one1 around the words marked in blue1 the words of ,christ ,himself as differing from the words of the ,apostles4 ,it is those places marked by the red pencil which will give the reader the essence of the teaching of ,christ4 ,tolstoi in his own copy of the ,gospels made such marks which he mentions later in the ,journal with the words3 8,marked the ,gospels40 #aab ,hadji ,murad1 one of the boldest and most remarkable leaders of the ,caucasian mountaineers who played a big rle in the struggle of the mountaineers with the ,russians in the ,forties of the ,nineteenth ,century4 ,in #aheb he was killed in a skirmish with the ,cossacks4 ,tolstoi heard much about him as early as the beginning of the ,fifties1 when he himself took part in the fight with the mountaineers4 ,a month after the above-mentioned note in the ,journal1 ,tolstoi made a rough sketch of his story1 ,hadji ,murad1 on which he worked with interruptions until #aijd4 ,this story was printed for the first time in his ,posthumous ,literary ,works 7published by ,a4 ,l4 ,tolstoi1 ,volume ,,iii1 #aiab47 ,it is interesting to compare the introduction to it with the above note of ,tolstoi's in his ,journal4 #aac ,as in the copy at the disposal of the editors4 #aad ,afanasie ,afanasevich ,fet 7,shenshin7 7#ahbj-ahib71 a ,russian lyric poet and translator and friend of the ,tolstoi family4 ,concerning the relations of ,tolstoi with him1 see ,my ,recollections1 by ,fet 7,volume ,,ii1 #ahij7 and ,the ,biography of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi by ,biriukov4 ,in the letter of ,november #g1 #ahff1 ,tolstoi wrote to ,fet3 8,you are a man whose mind1 not to speak of anything else1 ,i value higher than any one of my acquaintances' and who in personal intercourse is the only one who gives me that bread by which it is not alone that man lives40 ,later ,tolstoi and ,fet became estranged from each other4 #aae ,kant1 the ,german philosopher 7#agbd-ahjd74 ,for the opinions of ,tolstoi about him see the ,journal1 ,february #ai1 and ,september #bb1 #aijd1 and ,september #b1 #aijf2 ,august #hth1 #aijg2 ,march #bf1 #aiji4 ,kant's ,thoughts1 selected by ,tolstoi1 were published by ,posrednik1 ,moscow1 #aijf4 #aaf ,as a sixth sense1 ,tolstoi recognised the muscular sense4 ,see the note of ,october #aj1 #ahif4 #aag ,s4 ,i4 ,tanyeev4 #aah ,the ,shenshins--,tula landlords who lived on their estate1 ,sudakovo1 five versts from ,yasnaya ,polyana4 #aai ,prosper ,st4 ,thomas1 tutor of ,tolstoi and his brothers4 ,the incident mentioned in the ,journal produced a tremendous impression on ,tolstoi4 8,it may have been that this incident was the cause of all the horror and aversion to all kinds of violence which ,i experienced throughout life10 ,tolstoi wrote afterwards in his recollections4 7,see ,p4 ,biriukov3 ,the ,biography of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 ,moscow1 issued by ,posrednik1 ,volume ,i1 pages #ii-ajj47 ,in ,tolstoi's story ,boyhood1 ,st4 ,thomas is pictured under the name of ,saint ,jerome4 ,the incident mentioned here is described in ,chapters ,,xiv1 ,,xv and ,,xvi of that story4 #abj ,written in ,english in the original4 #aba ,tolstoi1 together with ,countess ,s4 ,a4 ,tolstoi1 visited his sister1 ,countess ,maria ,nicholaievna1 living in the convent of ,shamordino near the ,optina ,desert4 ,in his letter to her of ,september #ac1 #ahif1 ,tolstoi wrote1 8,with great pleasure and emotion ,i recall my stay with you40 #abb ,the story1 ,hadji ,murad4 ,see ,note #aab4 #abc ,count ,sergei ,lvovich1 with his wife1 ,countess ,maria ,constantinovna 7born ,rachinsky1 who died in #ahii72 ,count ,ilya ,lvovich1 with his wife1 ,countess ,sophia ,nicholaievna1 and ,count ,leo ,lvovich1 with his wife1 the ,countess ,dora ,fedorovna4 #abd ,the ,dutchman1 ,van-der-,veer1 refused military service1 as he declared in his letter to the ,commander of the ,national ,guard1 on the grounds that he hated every kind of murder of men as well as of animals1 especially murder at the order of other people4 ,the military authorities sentenced him to three months' solitary confinement4 ,later ,van-der-,veer for several years published a magazine with a ,christian tendency called ,vrede4 #abe ,van-der-,veer's letter1 with the appendix by ,tolstoi under the title 8,the ,beginning of the ,end0 was printed in the edition of ,the ,free ,press1 #ahih1 ,england1 later in ,russia in the ,obnovlenia1 ,petrograd1 #aijf1 which was soon confiscated4 #abf ,alexandra ,mikhailovna ,kalmikov1 a noted worker for popular education1 who turned to ,tolstoi with the request that he express himself in regard to the order then given by the ,minister of the ,interior to close the committees on illiteracy4 ,in answer to her letter1 ,tolstoi expressed his opinion about the activity of the ,russian ,government in general and about the methods of resisting it used by the ,liberals4 ,his answer1 under the title of 8,a ,letter to the ,liberals10 in revised form was printed in full in the publication of ,the ,free ,press3 8,concerning the ,attitude ,towards the ,state0 7,england1 #ahih7 and with omissions in the publication of ,obnovlenia 7,petrograd1 #aijf17 which was confiscated4 #abg ,ioga's ,philosophy4 ,lectures on ,rajah ,ioga or ,conquering ,internal ,nature1 by ,swmi ,viveknanda1 ,new ,york1 #ahif4 #abh 8,the ,teaching of the ,twelve ,apostles10 discovered in #ahhc4 ,a document of the ,christian literature of the ,first ,centuries4 ,tolstoi translated it from the ,greek and twice wrote a preface to it3 in #ahhe and twenty years later1 in #aije4 ,the passage mentioned in the ,journal reads this way3 8,it is not good to love only those who love you4 ,heathens do the same4 ,they love their own and hate their enemies and therefore they have enemies1 but you should love those who hate you and then you will have no enemies40 #abi ,daniel ,pavlovich ,konissi1 a ,japanese1 converted to the ,greek ,church1 who studied in the ,kiev ,theological ,academy1 then came to ,moscow and here made the acquaintance of ,tolstoi4 ,later he became professor in the ,university in ,kioto4 ,translated ,lao-,tze from the ,chinese into the ,russian 7this translation was printed at first in ,problems of ,philosophy and ,psychology and later in separate pamphlet1 ,lao-,se1 ,tao-,te-,king1 ,moscow1 #aiac47 ,for ,d4 ,p4 ,konissi see article of ,i4 ,alexeev1 8,the ,skies ,are ,different--the ,people ,are the ,same0 7in the paper1 ,nov1 #aiad1 ,no4 #aed47 ,about the ,japanese who visited him1 ,tolstoi wrote to ,countess ,s4 ,a4 ,tolstoi1 ,september #bfth3 8,this morning the ,japanese arrived4 ,very interesting1 fully educated1 original and intelligent and free-thinking4 ,one an editor of a paper1 evidently a very rich man and an aristocrat there1 no longer young2 the other one1 a little man1 young1 his assistant1 also a literary man0 7,letters of ,tolstoi to his ,wife1 ,moscow1 #aiac1 page #ejg74 #acj ,peter ,vasilevich ,verigin1 the leader of the ,dukhobors1 when in exile in the town of ,obdorsk1 in the province of ,tobolsk1 wrote to ,tolstoi about his life and expounded his views on the printing of books4 ,tolstoi's reply1 written on ,october #ad1 #ahif1 in which he answered the objections of ,verigin against the printing of books1 was printed in the book1 ,the ,letters of the ,dukhobor ,leader1 ,p4 ,v4 ,verigin1 published by ,the ,free ,press1 #aija1 ,england4 ,see also the letter of ,p4 ,v4 ,verigin on his acquaintance with ,tolstoi printed in the ,international ,tolstoi ,almanac compiled by ,p4 ,a4 ,sergienko 7issued by ,kniga1 #aiji74 #aca ,further in ,tolstoi's manuscript1 one page has been crossed out4 ,a note by ,m4 ,l4 ,obolensky in the copy in possession of the editors4 #acb ,this letter was printed at first in an issue of ,the ,free ,press1 ,no4 #h1 #ahih1 ,england1 and later in ,russia in ,obnovlenia1 ,petrograd1 #aijf1 and was confiscated4 #acc ,brother of ,tolstoi1 ,count ,s4 ,n4 ,tolstoi4 #acd ,a peasant of the province of ,kharkov in the district of ,sumsk1 ,peter ,vasilevich ,olkhovik4 ,refused military service ,october #ae1 #ahie1 at recruiting1 in the city of ,bielopolie1 province of ,kharkov4 ,was sentenced by the ,vladivostok military court to three years in a disciplinary battalion4 ,the letters of ,olkhovik to his relatives and acquaintances about his refusal were published by ,the ,free ,press1 #ahig1 ,england1 and in #aijf in ,russia by ,obnoblenia 7and were confiscated74 ,influenced by ,olkhovic1 the private1 ,cyril ,sereda1 also refused military service1 with whom ,olkhovic became friendly on the steamer on the way to ,siberia1 where he was appointed for service4 ,both of them were turned over to the ,irkutsk disciplinary battalions4 ,tolstoi's letter to the commanding officer of the regiment1 in which he asks him 8as a ,christian and as a kind man to have pity on these people 4440 was printed at first also in ,the ,free ,press and afterwards in various publications in ,russia4 7,see the ,complete ,works of ,tolstoi1 published by ,sytin3 subscribed edition1 ,volume ,,xx1 popular edition1 ,volume ,,xxii47 ,on the effect that ,tolstoi's letter produced on the officer of the regiment1 ,tolstoi himself wrote the following in a letter to ,p4 ,a4 ,boulanger1 ,march #bi1 #ahih3 8,recently ,i was surprised1 and very pleasantly1 by a letter from a man exiled administratively from ,verkholensk1 who writes that the commanding officer of the disciplinary battalion in ,irkutsk openly told ,olkhovich and ,sereda that my appeal for them saved them from corporal punishment and shortened their sentence4 ,let a thousand letters pass in vain3 if but one has such a result1 then one ought to write unceasingly40 ,the fate of ,p4 ,v4 ,olkhovich was as follows3 ,from the disciplinary battalion he was exiled for eighteen years to the district of ,yakutsk1 where he lived together with the exiled ,dukhobors until #aije1 when together with them he went to ,america4 ,at the present moment he is living in ,california4 #ace ,edward ,carpenter1 a noted contemporary ,english thinker1 some of whose works ,tolstoi valued highly4 ,carpenter's article1 8,contemporary ,science10 was later translated into ,russian by ,countess ,tolstoi and printed with a preface by ,tolstoi in the magazine ,sieverni ,viestnik 7#ahih1 ,no4 #c71 later it was issued separately 7,posrednik1 ,moscow1 #aiaa74 #acf ,count ,sergei ,lvovich ,tolstoi 7born1 #ahfc71 eldest son of ,tolstoi4 #acg ,to the ,ekaterinograd disciplinary battalion were sentenced the ,dukhobors 7#da in number7 who had refused military service1 while being in actual military service 444 ,see ,the ,dukhobors in the ,disciplinary ,regiment1 published by ,the ,free ,press1 #aijb1 ,england1 where was printed also the letter of ,tolstoi to the commanding officer of the regiment4 ,stating those religious convictions of the ,dukhobors for which they suffered persecutions and calling their acts 4441 ,tolstoi asked the commanding officer to do all that he could to lighten their fate4 ,the letter of ,tolstoi produced a softening effect on the commanding officer4 #ach ,vladimir ,vasilevich ,stasov 7#ahbd-aijf71 a critic of art and music and the librarian of the ,imperial ,public ,library in ,petrograd1 a friend of the ,tolstoi family4 ,when1 after ,stasov's death1 his friend1 the sculptor1 ,i4 ,y4 ,ginzburg1 asked ,tolstoi to write his recollections of him1 in the compilation1 8,to ,the ,memory of ,v4 ,v4 ,stasov10 ,tolstoi in his letter of ,november #g1 #aijg1 replied that it was difficult for him to write about ,stasov on account of 8the misunderstanding0 which had taken place between them3 8the misunderstanding consisted in that ,vladimir ,vasilevich ,stasov loved and valued prejudicially in me that which ,i did not value and could not value in myself1 and in his goodness forgave me that which ,i valued and value in myself above everything else1--that by which ,i lived and live4 ,with every other man such a misunderstanding would lead1 if not to hostility then to a coolness1 but the gentle1 kind1 spontaneous1 warm nature of ,vladimir ,vasilevich and at the same time1 his childlike clarity1 was such1 that ,i could not help succumbing to his influence and loving him without any thought of the difference of our points of view4 ,i shall always remember our good friendly relationship with emotion40 #aci ,nicholai ,nicholaievich ,gay1 the son of the old friend of ,tolstoi1 ,n4 ,n4 ,gay4 #adj ,these thoughts were called forth in ,tolstoi by a letter received on ,october1 #ahif1 from ,v4 ,v4 ,rakhmanov1 who1 being acquainted with this work of ,tolstoi1 found it written in a cold and didactic tone and advised ,tolstoi to abandon it4 #ada ,see ,journal1 ,oct4 #bj1 #ahif4 ,thoughts #i and #aj4 #adb ,this served as a beginning to ,tolstoi's book1 ,what ,is ,art8 completed by him only in #ahih4 #adc ,the initials ,i4 ,g4 ,c4 in the original4 #add ,the ,spaniard1 ,demetrio ,zanini1 wrote from ,barcelona to ,tolstoi that the members of a certain club1 who were his admirers1 decided to offer him a present of a splendid inkwell1 money for the purchase of which was being collected by subscription4 ,at the request of ,tolstoi1 his daughter1 ,tatiana ,lvovna1 wrote to ,zanini1 saying that he preferred this money to be used for some good work4 ,in answer to this1 ,zanini informed ,tolstoi that they had already collected about #bb1ejj francs4 ,tolstoi explained in a letter to him the miserable condition of the ,dukhobors and suggested using the money collected for their help4 #ade ,a close friend of ,tolstoi1 ,senator ,alexander ,mickailovich ,kuzminsky1 president at this time of the ,st4 ,petersburg ,district ,court4 ,the finance-,minister1 ,s4 ,y4 ,witte1 wanted to communicate with ,tolstoi through ,a4 ,m4 ,kuzminsky1 hoping to call forth his approval in the matter of his introducing the government sale of vodka and the founding of temperance societies4 ,tolstoi's letter to ,a4 ,m4 ,kuzminsky1 in which he answered ,witte's proposal in the negative1 with the omission of the harsh opinions concerning ,general ,dragomirov 7the author of the periodical1 ,the ,soldier's ,manual1 which was being displayed in the barracks7 was printed in the bulletin of the ,tolstoi ,museum ,society1 #aiaa1 ,nos4 #c to #e4 #adf ,this article has remained unfinished and up to the present has not been printed anywhere4 #adg ,ilya ,efimovich ,repine1 an old acquaintance of ,tolstoi and one of his most favourite ,russian painters4 ,on the occasion of the celebration of his twenty-fifth year of artistic work1 ,i4 ,e4 ,repine wrote a letter in the ,novoe ,vremia1 #ahif1 ,no4 #gdce1 ,nov4 #gth1 expressing gratitude to all those who honoured him1 in which among other things he said1 when comparing the work of artists with the work of teachers1 officials1 bookmakers1 doctors1 agricultural workers1 8,we are the lucky ones1 our work is play40 #adh ,ivan ,michailovich ,tregubov1 a friend and follower of ,tolstoi1 later a noted student of religious sects4 #adi ,ivan ,ivanovich ,gorbunov 7,posadov71 an adherent of ,tolstoi's views and a close friend of his2 an active contributor and from #ahig the editor-publisher of ,posrednik1 and his brother1 ,nicholai ,ivanovich1 a performer 7pianist and reader74 #aej ,paul ,alexandrovich ,boulanger1 a friend and adherent of ,tolstoi's views1 author of several works on ,oriental religions published by ,posrednik4 #aea ,gabriel ,andreevich ,rusanov 7#ahdd to #aijg71 friend and adherent of ,tolstoi's views2 a small landowner in the province of ,voronezh4 ,until #ahhd he was a member of the ,kharkov district court4 ,in his will1 among other things1 he wrote the following3 8,already at the age of fourteen or fifteen 7now ,i am about fifty-seven7 ,i ceased to be ,orthodox and lived until the age of thirty-eight as an atheist4 ,at thirty-eight1 thanks to the greatest of men1 ,leo ,tolstoi1 ,i acquired faith in ,god and believed in the teaching of ,christ4 ,tolstoi gave me happiness4 ,i became a ,christian40 ,for several decades ,g4 ,a4 ,rusanov was confined to his arm-chair with an incurable disease--consumption of the spinal cord2 notwithstanding his illness1 he preserved his full freshness of mind up to the end of his life1 reading much and being possessed of a rich memory4 ,a splendid student in ,russian and foreign literature1 and noted for his extraordinary artistic instinct1 ,tolstoi valued his opinions1 especially in regard to his own literary writings4 #aeb ,alexander ,borisovich ,goldenweiser1 friend and follower of ,tolstoi1 professor in the ,moscow ,conservatory4 ,tolstoi valued his piano playing highly and loved it very much4 ,towards the end of ,tolstoi's life1 ,a4 ,b4 ,goldenweiser visited him often and took a close interest in his life4 ,in #aiaj1 according to ,tolstoi's wish1 he acted in the capacity of witness to his will4 #aec ,chromatic phantasy and fugue by ,bach4 #aed ,anton ,stepanovich ,arensky 7#ahfa-aijf71 a celebrated ,russian composer1 later personally acquainted with ,tolstoi4 #aee ,see ,note #add4 ,receiving a letter from ,zanini that the collection reached to #ca1ejj francs1 ,tolstoi in his letter to him of ,december #f1 #ahif1 asked that this money be transferred through the ,tiflis bank to his ,caucasian friends1 who were in charge of helping the ,dukhobors4 ,at the end of his letter he wrote that he was touched by 8this sign of sympathy0 which the ,spaniards expressed for him in this unusual way4 ,this money1 though1 was never received by ,tolstoi1 nor was the inkwell4 7,see ,letters of ,count ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi to his ,wife1 ,moscow1 #aiac1 page #eaf47 #aef ,this story of ,f4 ,f4 ,tistchenko under the title1 ,daily ,bread 7,a true tale of the sufferings of a village ,school teacher71 was printed with a letter of ,tolstoi in ,knizhki ,nedieli1 #ahig1 ,no4 #aj1 and later in the collection of ,tales by ,tistchenko4 #aeg ,princess ,gorchakov1 a distant relative of ,tolstoi1 a lady-in-waiting1 and principal of one of the ,moscow gymnasiums4 #aeh ,anatol ,fedorovich ,koni1 a well-known jurist1 a member of the ,imperial ,council and a writer4 ,became acquainted with ,tolstoi in the eighties and wrote recollections of him 7see his book1 ,on the ,path of ,life1 ,volume ,,ii1 #aiac74 ,he gave ,tolstoi the theme for ,resurrection 7see ,note #bc74 #aei ,maria ,fedorovna ,kudriavtsev1 an adherent of ,tolstoi's views4 #afj ,the ,appeal1 under the title ,help1 was written and signed by ,p4 ,i4 ,biriukov1 ,i4 ,m4 ,tregubov and ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov4 ,this was an appeal to society to render assistance to the persecuted ,dukhobors 8by money sacrifices1 so as to ease the sufferings of the old1 the sick and the young1 as well as by lifting one's voice in defence of the persecuted40 ,the ,appeal was spread by the authors in manuscript and in typewritten copies and among other things was delivered to many persons of high position4 ,tolstoi wrote the appendix to it1 in which he explained the significance of the act of the ,dukhobors towards the realisation of ,christianity in our life4 ,help6 was printed with ,tolstoi's appendix by ,the ,free ,press 7#ahig1 ,england74 ,the appendix is printed also in the ,full ,collected ,works of ,tolstoi1 published by ,sytin1 subscribed edition1 ,volume ,,xvi1 popular edition1 ,volume ,,xix4 #afa ,the editors were unable to ascertain the author of the history of music which ,tolstoi was reading4 #afb ,jean ,batiste ,faure1 the celebrated ,french singer and composer 7in the second half of the ,nineteenth ,century71 author of ,tolstoi's favourite duet1 8,the ,crucifix40 #afc ,vasili ,stepanovich ,perfileev1 a former ,moscow ,governor1 a friend of ,tolstoi in the fifties and sixties1 and a distant relative of the ,tolstois4 #afd ,an omission in the copy in possession of the editors4 #afe ,this theme was not executed by ,tolstoi4 ,a work under a similar title begun by him in #ahhc was printed in ,volume ,,iii of ,the ,posthumous ,literary ,works of ,tolstoi1 issued by ,a4 ,l4 ,tolstoi4 #aff ,katiusha ,maslov and ,nekhliudov1 the principal characters of the novel4 #afg ,alexander ,ivanovich ,arkhangelsky 7#aheg-aijf71 an adherent of ,tolstoi's views1 about whom after his death in the letter of ,october #bf1 #aijf1 ,tolstoi wrote3 8,this was one of the best men ,i ever happened to know in my life40 ,a4 ,i4 ,arkhangelsky was a veterinary surgeon in the district of ,bronnitsk1 ,province of ,moscow4 ,later1 becoming acquainted with the works of ,tolstoi1 he left his position1 considering it impossible to apply against the peasants the compulsory measures required of him as veterinary surgeon1 and became a watch-maker1 by which he supported himself until his death4 ,his work1 ,whom to ,serve8 is devoted to explaining the question of the incompatibility 444 with the service to ,god4 ,when he read this work in manuscript in #ahie1 ,tolstoi wrote ,arkhangelsky that 8it will do the people much good and will advance the word of ,god40 ,this work was issued only in #aiaa in the ,russian language by the publishing house1 8,vozrozhdenie10 in ,bourgas 7,bulgaria74 ,the same publishing house issued a biography of ,a4 ,i4 ,arkhangelsky compiled by ,kh4 ,n4 ,abrikosov4 ,extracts from ,whom to ,serve signed by the pseudonym1 8,buka10 were printed by ,tolstoi in ,the ,reading ,circle4 ,it should be also mentioned that the publication of the ,veterinary ,manual compiled by ,arkhangelsky was suspended at one time by the censor1 who demanded that it include the compulsory regulations4 ,protesting against this1 ,arkhangelsky wrote a remarkable letter to ,i4 ,i4 ,gorbunov which ,tolstoi included in his ,archives of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 ,no4 #e4 ,this letter formed the basis of the article1 8,whom ,to ,serve40 ,later the veterinary manual was issued by ,posrednik4 #afh ,prince ,ilya ,petrovich ,nakashidze1 a ,georgian writer1 a close adherent of ,tolstoi's ideas4 #afi ,tolstoi had the intention of writing 7but did not write7 an introduction to the ,russian translation of the ,philosophical ,work of ,a4 ,a4 ,spier1 which was to have appeared in ,problems of ,philosophy and ,psychology4 #agj ,tolstoi was considering at this time an appeal against the existing social-political order4 #aga ,an omission in the copy in possession of the editors4 #agb ,stepan ,andreevich ,behrs1 ,tolstoi's brother-in-law1 author of ,recollections ,about ,count ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi 7,smolensk1 #ahid71 now dead4 #agc ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov and ,p4 ,i4 ,biriukov1 and later also ,i4 ,m4 ,tregubov1 were exiled after a search of their homes3 ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov abroad--,p4 ,i4 ,biriukov to ,bausk in ,courland1 and ,i4 ,m4 ,tregubov to ,goldingen1 also in ,courland4 ,the cause of exiling was the writing of an appeal to help the persecuted ,dukhobors 7see ,note #afj7 and their activity in behalf of the ,dukhobors and the persecuted sects in general4 ,see the memoirs of ,p4 ,i4 ,biriukov1 8,the ,story of ,my ,exile10 printed in the publication ,o ,minuvshen 7,petrograd1 #aiji74 ,these memoirs contain several letters by ,tolstoi to ,biriukov4 #agd ,tolstoi went to take leave of the ,chertkovs who were then living in ,petrograd4 #age ,nicholai ,alexandrovich ,yaroshenko 7#ahdf-ahih71 a well-known artist1 to whose brush belongs also the portrait of ,tolstoi1 painted in #ahie4 #agf ,countess ,alexandra ,andreevna ,tolstoi 7#ahag-aijd71 a second cousin of ,tolstoi1 lady-in-waiting to the ,empress4 ,tolstoi in his youth was on friendly terms with her4 ,his correspondence with the ,countess ,a4 ,a4 ,tolstoi1 with the addition of a memoir by her1 was published by the ,tolstoi ,museum ,society1 ,petrograd1 #aiaa4 ,in reference to this meeting with her1 mentioned by ,tolstoi in the ,journal1 see the memoirs 7pages #ga1 #gb of the above mentioned publication74 ,about this same meeting and about the visit to ,petrograd in general1 ,tolstoi wrote to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov the following 7,february #ae1 #ahig73 8,st4 ,petersburg gave me a most joyous impression4 ,of course the principal thing was the meeting at your house4 ,the depressing impression was my conversation with ,a4 ,a4 ,tolstoi4 ,the terrible thing was not only the coldness1 but the cruelty and the forcing oneself into one's soul and the violence1 the very same which had estranged us4 ,what a bad belief it is1 which makes good people so cruel and therefore so insensible to the spiritual condition of others4 ,believe word for word as ,i do1 otherwise if you are not exactly my enemy1 still you are a stranger40 ,it should be noted that from the autumn of #ahie1 for the course of several years1 ,tolstoi did not write at all to the ,countess ,a4 ,a4 ,tolstoi4 #agg ,in considering ,tolstoi's opinions concerning women found in the ,journal1 one should be particularly careful to avoid misunderstanding4 ,first1 ,tolstoi1 wishing from natural delicacy to make his remarks impersonal1 often generalised his private impressions and observations from intercourse with separate individuals1 and therefore these remarks in reality carried no reflection whatever against all women in general4 ,second1 even in those instances where ,tolstoi consciously expressed himself adversely about women in general1 he had in mind the most commonplace modern woman with her adverse qualities4 ,but in his mind he absolutely discriminated in favour of the intelligent1 religious woman whom seldom he happened to meet in life and who always attracted his attention4 ,so1 for instance1 he valued very highly the distant relative who brought him up1 ,t4 ,a4 ,ergolsky1 for her self-sacrificing life2 ,mmes4 ,m4 ,a4 ,schmidt and ,l4 ,f4 ,annenkov he respected for their true religious lives1 and among the women writers he especially valued an ,american1 ,lucy ,mallory1 for her exceptional writings1 from which he selected many thoughts for ,the ,reading ,circle4 ,for women of this type he always had the greatest respect1 recognising fully their merits and their great significance to humanity4 ,in his literary works1 ,tolstoi1 as is known1 frequently reproduced the highest type of woman 7for instance1 ,pashenka in ,father ,sergius1 or the old woman1 ,maria ,semenovna in ,the ,forged ,coupon74 ,also in his other writings1 ,tolstoi did not always express himself adversely about women1 as can be seen1 for instance1 from the following extracts3 8,oh1 how ,i would like to show to woman the whole significance of chaste women4 ,the chaste woman 7not in vain is the legend of ,mary7 will save the world40 7,journal1 ,august #c1 #ahih47 8,one of the most necessary tasks of humanity consists in the bringing up of chaste women40 7,journal1 ,august #bd1 #ahih47 8,the virtues of men and women are the same2 temperance1 truthfulness1 kindness2 but in the woman1 these same virtues attain a special charm40 7,the ,reading ,circle1 ,june #b47 8,men cannot do that highest1 best work1 which brings men more than anything else nearer to ,god--the work of love1 the work of complete self-surrender to him whom you love1 which good women have done so well and so naturally1 are doing1 and will do4 ,what would happen to the world1 what would happen to us men1 if women had not that quality and if they did not exercise it 444 ,without mothers1 helpers1 friends1 comforters1 who love in a man all that is best in him1 and who with a suggestion hardly to be noticed1 call forth and support all the best in him--without such women it would be bad to live in this world4 ,christ would not have had ,mary and ,magdalene2 ,francis of ,assisi would not have had ,clara2 the ,decembrists would not have had their wives with them in exile2 the ,dukhobors would not have had their wives who did not hold their husbands back1 but supported them in their martyrdom for truth1 there would not have been those thousands and thousands of unknown women1 the very best1 as everything that is unknown1 the comforters of the drunken1 the weak1 the debauched1 those for whom the consolations of love are more necessary than for any one else4 ,in this love1 whether it is directed to ,kukin or to ,christ1 is the principal1 great and irreplaceable strength of women40 7,appendix to ,chekhov's story1 ,dushechka47 #agh ,on ,life--a religious-philosophic work by ,tolstoi1 written by him in #ahhg and printed in all his collected works4 ,an abbreviation of this work and an exposition of it written in simple language for plain readers was made by an ,american1 ,bolton ,hall1 and was approved by ,tolstoi and printed under the title1 ,life1 ,love and ,death4 ,later a translation of this under the title1 ,true ,life1 appeared in an issue of the ,ethical ,artistic ,library1 ,moscow1 #ahii4 ,see article of ,bolton ,hall in the ,international ,tolstoi ,almanac compiled by ,p4 ,a4 ,sergienko 7,kniga1 #aiji74 #agi ,see ,letters of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi to his ,wife1 ,moscow1 #aiac1 pages #eah to #eai4 #ahj ,tolstoi made a mistake of one year3 the battle against the ,caucasian mountaineers in which he took part in the capacity of an artillerist1 took place ,february #ah1 #ahec4 7,see ,p4 ,biriukov's ,biography of ,tolstoi1 ,volume ,i1 page #bbf47 ,nine years after the above mentioned note1 ,february #ah1 #aijc1 ,tolstoi wrote to ,rusanov3 8,to-day it is fifty-three years since hostile enemy shells struck the wheel of that cannon which ,i directed4 ,if the muzzle of the gun from which the shell emerged had deviated #a-aj1jjjths of an inch to one side or another1 ,i would have been killed and ,i would no longer have lived4 ,what nonsense4 ,i would have existed in a form now inconceivable to me40 #aha ,what ,is ,art8 #ahb ,matthew ,arnold 7#ahbb-ahhh71 a well-known ,english poet1 critic and student of literature4 ,shortly before his death1 ,arnold printed an article in ,the ,fortnightly ,review1 devoted to the critical analysis of ,anna ,karenin and some of the religious philosophic writings of ,tolstoi4 7,see ,novoe ,vremia1 ,december #aa1 #ahhg1 the article1 8,an ,english ,critic on ,leo ,tolstoi407 ,the thought quoted by ,tolstoi was expressed by ,arnold in his article1 8,the ,problems of ,modern ,criticisms0 7a ,russian translation was issued by ,posrednik74 ,tolstoi valued the writings of ,arnold highly1 especially his book1 ,literature and ,dogma1 of which a ,russian translation was published by ,posrednik under the title1 ,wherein ,lies the ,essence of ,christianity and ,judaism 7,moscow1 #aijg74 #ahc ,tolstoi1 for the sake of an airing1 rode about ten versts to a dressmaker1 for the dress of ,nadezhda ,mikhailovna ,yushkova4 #ahd ,jules and ,leo ,edwardovich ,konius1 the violinist and the pianist4 #ahe ,countess ,t4 ,l4 ,tolstoi and ,count ,mikhail ,adamovich ,olsuphiev performed two small plays1 ,feminine ,nonsense by ,i4 ,l4 ,stcheglov and ,the ,lady ,agreeable ,in ,all ,respects4 #ahf ,according to the copy in possession of the editors4 #ahg ,evidently a mistake in the copy in possession of the editors4 ,this extract refers not to ,book ,,vii1 but to ,book ,,vi of ,politics4 ,the quotation cited by ,tolstoi reads in the ,russian translation of ,prof4 ,s4 ,a4 ,zhebelev in this way3 8,in a state enjoying the best organisation1 and uniting in itself men absolutely just1 and not relatively just 7in relation to this or that political system71 the citizens should not lead a life such as is led by craftsmen or merchants 7such a life is ignoble and is contrary to virtue72 the citizens of the state planned by us should likewise not be agricultural workers1 because they will be in need of leisure for the development of their virtue40 ,aristotle's ,politics3 ,works of the ,petrograd ,philosophic ,society1 ,petrograd1 #aiaa1 pages #cah1 #cai4 #ahh ,an omission in the copy in possession of the editors4 #ahi ,the editor knows nothing about the acquaintanceship of ,tolstoi with ,madame ,shorin4 #aij ,countess ,a4 ,m4 ,olsuphiev1 who had been on friendly terms with ,tolstoi4 ,in a note to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov1 written on a piece of proof of ,resurrection1 ,june #h1 #ahii1 ,tolstoi communicated3 8,i have a sorrow4 ,anna ,mikhailovna ,olsuphiev died40 #aia ,a village near ,nicholskoe1 as well as the village ,shelkovo1 mentioned below4 #aib ,a young lively girl1 whom ,tolstoi met at the ,chertkovs' when they lived in the summer of #ahif near ,yasnaya ,polyana4 ,being arrested on suspicion of revolutionary activity and imprisoned in the fortress of ,peter and ,paul1 she committed suicide by setting herself on fire4 ,in the letter to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov1 ,tolstoi wrote3 8,in ,petersburg on ,february #abth the following occurred3 ,vietrova1 ,maria ,fedosievna1 whom you know and whom ,i knew1 a student confined in the ,house of ,detention before ,trial in the strike case1 little connected with it1 was transferred to the fortress of ,peter and ,paul4 ,there1 as they say and surmise1 after inquiry and violation 7that is still unestablished7 she poured kerosene on herself1 set fire to it and on the third day died4 ,her comrades who visited her1 kept on bringing her things1 which were accepted1 and only after two weeks1 were they told that she had burnt herself4 ,the youth1 all the students1 up to three thousand persons 7there were some also from the ,theological ,seminary7 gathered in the ,kazan ,cathedral for the service of the dead4 ,they were not permitted1 but they themselves began to sing 8,eternal ,memory0 and with wreaths1 intended to march on the ,nevsky ,prospect1 but were not permitted1 and they went along ,kazan ,street4 ,their names were taken and they were let free4 ,every one is indignant4 ,i receive letters and people come and tell me about it4 ,i feel great pity for all who take part in these affairs1 and ,i have a greater and greater desire to explain to people how they ruin themselves simply because they neglect that law 7or they do not know it7 which was given by ,christ and which frees from such deeds and from the participation in them40 ,tolstoi approached ,a4 ,f4 ,koni for advice1 whether it were possible to publish what was authentically known about this terrible case1 and secondly about 8what to do in order to resist0 this kind of event8 #aic ,two lines crossed out by ,tolstoi4 ,a note by ,m4 ,l4 ,obolensky in the copy in possession of the editors4 #aid ,the ,englishman1 ,aylmer ,maude1 translator of many works of ,tolstoi into ,english4 ,the agricultural colony which ,tolstoi mentions was being founded at that time in ,england in the town of ,purleigh in ,essex4 ,maude settled in the neighbourhood of the colony and supported it materially4 ,maude himself and several representatives of this colony visited ,tolstoi at this time4 ,he wrote and published in ,england1 a biography of ,tolstoi1 ,the ,life of ,tolstoi1 by ,aylmer ,maude1 two volumes1 ,london1 #aijh to #aiaj4 ,unfortunately this most detailed biography of ,tolstoi in ,english1 contains among other things the most perverted information about ,tolstoi and an absolutely incorrect interpretation of his views1 as well as of some of his acts4 ,tolstoi himself1 learning before his death of the contents of some of these chapters which were sent to ,yasnaya ,polyana in manuscript1 found the interpretation of the relation among people near to him so incorrect that he wrote about it to ,maude4 #aie ,i4 ,m4 ,tregubov1 sentenced to exile by administrative order1 was living in the ,caucasus among the ,dukhobors1 far from the centres of administration1 and remained still free4 7,see entry of following day47 #aif ,this search was made in connection with ,i4 ,m4 ,tregubov's things1 who was wanted at that time1 and which were left by him in ,a4 ,n4 ,dunaev's apartment4 #aig ,that is1 in ,england at the ,v4 ,g4 and ,a4 ,k4 ,chertkovs4 #aih ,further in ,tolstoi's manuscript two pages are cut out4 ,note of ,m4 ,l4 ,obolensky in the copy in possession of the editors4 ,in reference to the mood during the month mentioned by him as 8bad and unproductive0 ,tolstoi wrote to ,chertkov 7,april #cj1 #ahig73 8,i will not say that ,i have been depressed1 because when ,i ask myself1 #8,who am ,i8 ,for what am ,i8' ,i answer myself satisfactorily1 but ,i have no energy1 and ,i feel as if ,lilliputian hairs were laid over me and ,i have less and less initiative and activity40 #aii ,in the beginning of ,june of that year1 ,tolstoi decided to leave the conditions of his life which tortured him and wrote a letter to his wife about this4 ,but later he changed his mind and on the envelope of this letter made an inscription3 8,if ,i will make no special provision about this letter1 then give this after my death to ,s4 ,a40 ,this letter he gave afterwards for safe-keeping to his son-in-law1 ,prince ,n4 ,l4 ,obolensky1 who did deliver it1 as was designated1 after ,tolstoi's death4 ,at that time it was printed in different publications4 7,see ,letters of ,count ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi to his ,wife1 ,march1 #aiac1 pages #ebd to #ebf47 #bjj ,in his letter to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov of ,july #ab1 #ahif1 ,tolstoi informed him of his illness3 8,about a week ago when ,i began to answer letters1 ,i fell terribly ill with a bilious attack1 so that ,i could only answer one letter4 ,my illness was very painful1 but it passed away quickly4 ,i am now vigorous and healthy40 #bja ,tolstoi's daughter1 ,maria ,lvovna1 married to ,prince ,n4 ,l4 ,obolensky4 #bjb ,tolstoi wrote about him to ,a4 ,c4 ,chertkov 7,july #ab1 #ahig73 8,a young peasant1 ,shidlovsky1 came to me from the province of ,kiev1 a man with a very lively spirit40 #bjc ,in his letter to ,chertkov of ,july #bc1 #ahig1 ,tolstoi wrote3 8,latterly ,i have begun again to make entries in the ,journal--a sign that ,i have revived somewhat spiritually and no longer feel myself alone40 #bjd ,william ,crookes1 a well-known ,english physicist and chemist1 a follower of spiritualism4 ,a detailed report about this speech was printed in the ,novoe ,vremia of #ahig1 under the title1 8,on the ,relativity of ,human ,knowledge40 #bje ,m4 ,p4 ,novikov gave ,tolstoi his notes1 through his brother1 in which he described all the persecutions which he had to undergo for his friendship with ,tolstoi4 ,the notes up to this time have not yet been printed4 #bjf ,paul ,carus1 editor of a ,chicago magazine1 ,the ,open ,court1 devoted to the scientific explanation of religious questions4 7,see his article1 8,a ,tribute to ,tolstoi10 printed in the ,international ,tolstoi ,almanac1 compiled by ,p4 ,a4 ,sergienko1 ,kniga1 #aiji47 #bjg ,evgenie ,ivanovich ,popov1 friend and adherent of ,tolstoi's ideas1 author of the book1 ,the ,life and ,death of ,e4 ,n4 ,drozhin 7see ,note #ch71 several other works on vegetarianism1 the simple life1 mathematics1 etc4 #bjh ,the family of ,count ,i4 ,l4 ,tolstoi4 #bji ,vasili ,vasilevich ,longinov1 later ,rector of the ,kharkov ,theological ,seminary4 #baj ,in a letter to the ,chertkovs of ,august #h1 #ahig1 ,tolstoi wrote3 8,i feel weak also from the fact1 that we have a pile of visitors here 444 all this wastes time and strength and is useless4 ,i thirst terribly for silence and peace4 ,how happy ,i would be if ,i could end my days in solitude and principally1 in conditions1 not repulsive and torturing to my conscience4 ,but it seems that it is necessary4 ,at least1 ,i know no way out40 #baa ,peter ,alexeevich ,bulakhov1 a peasant from the province of ,smolensk1 belonging to the sect of the ,old-,believers1 the followers of which avoid military service4 #bab ,mikhail ,alexandrovich ,stakhovich1 afterwards a member of the ,council of ,empire1 an old friend of the ,tolstoi family1 and probably his sister1 ,sophia ,alexandrovna1 or his brother1 ,alexander ,alexandrovich 7#aheh-aiae74 #bac ,probably--,vasili ,alexeevich ,maklakov1 a well-known lawyer1 afterwards a member of the ,duma1 and his brother1 ,alexei ,alexeevich1 a well-known ,moscow physician4 #bad ,ilya ,yakovlovich ,ginsburg1 a well-known ,russian sculptor1 who made several busts and statues of ,tolstoi4 ,mikhail ,nicholaievich ,sobolev1 instructor in the ,moscow ,university1 living at this time with the ,tolstois as a teacher to ,count ,m4 ,l4 ,tolstoi4 ,n4 ,a4 ,kasatkin1 a well-known ,russian painter4 #bae ,in regard to this letter of the ,japanese1 ,tolstoi in a letter of ,august #h1 #ahig1 wrote3 8,recently ,i received a letter from ,crosby with an enclosure of a letter from a ,japanese who lived with him in ,new ,york4 ,the ,japanese read ,the ,gospel in ,brief1 and writes that it explained to him the meaning of life and that he is now going home to ,japan1 in order to apply these beliefs to his life and to the life of others and to establish settlements there4 ,a splendid letter which touched me deeply and gave me joy4 ,the same truth evidently is accessible and necessary to every one40 #baf ,count ,l4 ,l4 ,tolstoi 7born in #ahfi71 ,tolstoi's third son1 and his wife1 the ,princess ,dora ,fedorovna 7born ,westerlund74 #bag ,b4 ,n4 ,leontev1 at one time calling himself a follower of ,tolstoi1 committed suicide in #aiji4 #bah ,in the ,russkia ,viedomosti 7,no4 #baa1 #ahig71 in the report of the missionary congress which took place in ,kazan in ,august1 #ahig1 in which many high representatives of the hierarchy participated1 it was stated among other things1 that for combating the spread of sects and dissensions1 the congress considered it necessary to adopt the following measures3 ,to forbid the dissenters to open schools for their children and to close all the schools existing at the present moment2 to declare the adherence to a particularly obnoxious sect as a compromising circumstance and to thus give the right to peasant communities to expel from their midst members discovered as belonging to an obnoxious sect and to exile them to ,siberia4 ,for the sake of combating dissensions and sects1 still other measures were suggested and discussed at the congress1 which among others were3 ,the soliciting of the passing of a law1 by which it would be possible to take away by force the children of the dissenters and sectarians1 and the establishing of asylums in every diocese for bringing them up in the orthodox faith4444 ,the ,archbishop of ,riazan1 ,meletie1 called the attention of the congress to another very important measure1 and to his mind1 a very useful one for the success of missionary work3 the confiscation of the property of the dissenters and sectarians4 #bai ,p4 ,a4 ,boulanger was sent abroad for continuing the affair of helping the ,dukhobors1 for which ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov1 ,p4 ,i4 ,biriukov and ,i4 ,m4 ,tregubov were exiled before him4 #bbj ,in his letter to the ,swedish papers 7not yet printed in ,russia7 ,tolstoi wrote that the ,nobel prize ought to be awarded to the ,dukhobors1 as people who have done their utmost towards the establishment of universal peace4 ,this letter1 dated ,august #bg1 #ahih1 was printed in ,p4 ,i4 ,biriukov's paper3 ,svobodnaia ,mysl 7,geneva71 ,no4 #d1 #ahii4 #bba ,arthur ,st4 ,john1 an ,englishman1 a former officer in the ,india service1 came to ,moscow to deliver the money donated for the benefit of the ,dukhobors by ,english ,quakers4 ,wishing to come into personal relation with the ,dukhobors1 he went to the ,caucasus1 where he was arrested and sent out of ,russia4 ,later1 he went with the ,dukhobors to ,america and lived with them a long time4 #bbb ,the ,molokans1 from the province of ,samara1 district of ,buzuluk1 came twice 7in ,april and ,september1 #ahig7 to ,tolstoi to ask him that he help them get back the children taken from them by the police and placed in orthodox monasteries4 7,see ,tolstoi's letter about this to the editor of the ,peterburgskaia ,viedomosti1 printed in that paper in ,october1 #ahig1 and reprinted in the ,collected ,works of ,tolstoi1 edited by ,sytin1 ,popular ,edition1 ,volume ,,xxii4 ,see also1 article of ,a4 ,s4 ,prugavin1 8,leo ,tolstoi and the ,malakans of ,samara10 in his book1 ,on ,leo ,tolstoi and the ,tolstoians1 ,moscow1 #aiaa47 #bbc ,about the children taken away from the ,molokans4 ,the rough draft of this letter is now in the ,petrograd ,tolstoi ,museum4 #bbd ,count ,a4 ,v4 ,olsuphiev1 ,adjutant ,general4 ,in letters to him and to the two other persons mentioned below1 ,tolstoi asked their collaboration in freeing from the monasteries1 the children taken from the ,molokans4 #bbe ,charles ,heath4 ,an ,englishman now dead1 a former instructor of ,english language and literature in a law school1 and later one of the tutors of the ,emperor1 ,nicholas ,,ii4 #bbf ,mme4 ,e4 ,i4 ,chertkov1 the widow of an ,adjutant ,general1 a well-known follower of the 8,evangelist0 teaching or what is known as ,the ,pashkov ,evangelist ,doctrine4 ,the mother of ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov4 #bbg ,the ,swede1 ,langlet1 who previously had given detailed information to ,tolstoi about the ,nobel prize4 ,he was a guest at ,yasnaya ,polyana at this time4 #bbh ,the last sentence was marked off in the original4 #bbi ,to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov1 during the time of his enforced two-year sojourn abroad1 ,tolstoi from time to time actually sent extracts of his ,journal4 ,but in general1 ,tolstoi1 for reasons which will be given at the proper time and place1 found it later necessary to change his decision not to give his ,journal to be copied in its entirety to any one2 the confirmation of this can be found in the fact that the present issue of the ,journal is being printed from a transcript made according to ,tolstoi's wishes4 ,when ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov returned to ,russia1 ,tolstoi continually gave him his ,journals to copy in their entirety4 #bcj ,in the letter to ,a4 ,c4 ,chertkov of ,october #ac1 #ahig1 ,tolstoi wrote3 8,how many people are there with whom one does not speak unreservedly1 because you know that they are drunk4 ,some are drunk with greed1 some with vanity1 some with love1 some simply with drugs4 ,lord forfend us from these intoxications4 ,these intoxications place no worse boundaries between people than religion1 patriotism1 aristocracy do1 and prevent that union which ,god desires40 #bca ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov lived through hard times in ,england2 his condition naturally reflected itself upon his family1 among which number was his sister-in-law1 ,o4 ,k4 ,dieterichs1 who was their guest at this time4 #bcb ,tolstoi sent to the editor of the ,peterburgskaia ,viedomosti a letter in regard to the children taken away from the ,samara ,molokans1 and about those measures which were suggested as a means of fighting the sectarians and ,old-,believers which were made in the missionary congress in ,kazan4 ,this letter was printed in ,no4 #bhb1 of ,october #aeth4 #bcc ,protestant ministers of various localities in ,holland3 ,l4 ,a4 ,beller1 ,a4 ,de-,kuh and ,i-,kh4 ,klein1 at a meeting in ,grevenhagen1 definitely expressed themselves against war and military service4 #bcd ,n took an adverse attitude to ,chertkov's social work among ,englishmen4 ,chertkov fell ill with pneumonia4 #bce ,to ,moscow to be copied4 #bcf ,v4 ,d4 ,liapunov 7#ahgc-aije71 peasant-poet of ,tula4 ,working in ,tula1 ,liapunov in the autumn of #ahig came to ,tolstoi that he judge his poetry4 ,tolstoi was very much pleased with the poems1 contrary to his custom1 for in general he did not like poetry4 ,tolstoi proposed that ,liapunov stay in his house to help copy his manuscripts4 #bcg ,afanasi ,aggeev1 a free-thinking peasant from the village of ,kaznacheevka1 #d versts from ,yasnaya ,polyana4 ,in #aijc he was sentenced by the ,tula ,district ,court to exile in ,siberia for life for the public utterance of words insulting to the ,orthodox ,faith4 ,he died in #aijh4 #bch ,n4 ,y4 ,grot 7#aheb-ahii71 professor at the ,moscow ,university1 author of numerous articles on philosophic questions and editor of the magazine1 ,problems of ,philosophy and ,psychology4 ,tolstoi submitted his work1 ,what ,is ,art8 to ,grot to be printed in his magazine4 ,shortly before his death1 at the request of ,grot's brother1 ,tolstoi wrote his recollections about him1 which were printed1 together with his letter to ,grot1 in the compilation1 ,n4 ,y4 ,grot1 in ,sketches1 ,recollections and ,letters by ,comrades and ,pupils1 ,friends and ,admirers1 ,petrograd1 #aiaa1 and in the ,full ,collected ,works of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 issued by ,sytin1 subscribed edition1 ,volume ,,xv2 ,popular ,edition1 ,volume ,,xxiv4 #bci ,a4 ,p4 ,ivanov 7died #aiab71 ex-officer and old scribe1 with whom ,tolstoi became acquainted at the time of the census of #ahfb1 having found him among the ,moscow tramps4 ,he led a vagabond life1 coming or tramping from time to time to ,yasnaya ,polyana to help ,tolstoi copy his manuscripts4 #bdj ,prince ,d4 ,a4 ,khilkov 7#aheh-aiae71 who at this time was in accord with ,tolstoi in several questions of a more external nature1 formerly an officer of the ,hussars and afterwards of the ,cossacks1 a landlord in the district of ,sumsk1 province of ,kharkov4 ,in the eighties1 he resigned from military service and sold for a trifle his #djj dessiatines of land1 the only personal property he had at the time1 to the peasants of the village of ,pavlovok2 in #ahhi1 on account of his propaganda against religion1 he was exiled by administrative order to ,zakavkaz4 ,in #ahic ,khilkov and his wife suffered a great sorrow3 their children were taken away from them by order of the government 7following the manipulations of ,khilkov's mother71 and they were given over to this lady for bringing up1 she having absolutely no sympathy with the opinions of her son4 ,afterwards1 when a strong movement among the ,dukhobors began in the ,caucasus1 ,khilkov was sent over to the ,baltic ,provinces1 where he lived up to #ahii1 at which time it was decided that he be sent abroad4 ,in his sojourn abroad1 his convictions underwent a change to the side of the violent revolutionaries4 ,but when ,khilkov returned to ,russia in #aije1 he absolutely abstained from every political activity4 ,in the beginning of the ,russian-,german ,war1 ,khilkov entered the army as a volunteer and in ,october1 #aiad1 was killed at ,lvov 7,lemberg74 #bda ,a peasant from ,yasnaya ,polyana1 now dead1 who was well-lettered and loved to read4 #bdb ,the clergy who came carried the icon to the churches1 in the parish of which stood ,yasnaya ,polyana4 ,according to the order of the clergy1 the elder of ,yasnaya ,polyana called a village meeting and ordered every one to go to church and meet the icon which was afterwards carried from house to house in all the households of the village4 ,concerning ,tolstoi and the icon1 see his letter to ,countess ,s4 ,a4 ,tolstoi1 which evidently by mistake is dated #ahih 7,letters of ,count ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi to his ,wife1 ,moscow1 #aiac1 page #eeh74 #bdc ,n4 ,n4 ,miklukha-,maklai 7#ahdg-ahhg71 a well-known ,russian traveller1 living many years among the ,tuzemts of ,new ,guinea and other islands4 ,in his letter to ,miklukha-,maklai in the middle of the eighties1 ,tolstoi wrote that he considered him remarkable1 not for what every one else considered him remarkable1 but that 8he could find manifestations of humanity among the wildest men on the globe40 #bdd ,such a type was afterwards portrayed by ,tolstoi in his story ,the ,forged ,coupon1 under the name of the housekeeper1 ,vasili4 7,see ,posthumous ,literary ,works of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 issued by ,a4 ,l4 ,tolstoi1 ,volume ,i47 #bde ,every group of people is always inferior to the elements which compose it4 #bdf ,the work by ,m4 ,o4 ,menshikov1 ,concerning ,holy ,love and ,sex ,love1 was printed in ,knizhki ,nedieli in #ahig1 ,no4 #aa4 ,in ,chapters ,,iv and ,v of this work1 ,menshikov wrote about the struggle of the two principles3 ,the many-gods and the ,one-,god2 ,tolstoi was probably pleased with the following lines3 8,the great teaching about ,one-,god wiped out1 together with the idols1 the very conception of separate gods2 the gods disappeared but their elements--the passions--remained1 until now the overwhelming majority of ,christians who profess by word in the ,one-,god1 in reality bow to a plurality4444 7,italics made by the author47 ,notwithstanding the thousand year rule of the ,gospels1 we1 in an overwhelming majority are more sincerely idolaters than ,christians--of course without suspecting it4444 ,nihilist1 ,godless1 paganized1 the contemporary generation accepts as an undoubted law1 that the development of man consists in enlarging the number of needs and refining them to the point of a cult4 ,is this not a new plurality of gods1 an idolatry80 #bdg ,in his book1 ,what ,is ,art8 #bdh ,st4 ,john1 ,chapter ,,xiv1 ,verse #b4 #bdi ,chapter ,i1 ,verse #bd1 ,st4 ,paul to the ,colossians4 #bej ,see letter of ,count ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi to his ,wife1 ,march1 #aiac1 page #ece 7,no4 #ehc7 and page #ecg 7,no4 #ehe74 #bea ,see letter of ,count ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi to his ,wife1 ,march1 #aiac1 pages #ecf-ecg4 #beb ,about this time ,tolstoi wrote to an acquaintance of his3 8,you know ,mme4 ,m4 ,a4 ,schmidt4 ,she lives near us1 straining every effort1 notwithstanding her weak health and her age 7about #ej71 to work to support herself4 7,she constantly helps people7 and it is impossible to see her without a softening of the heart and 444 envy4 ,she is always joyous1 calm and graceful40 #bec ,in the ,novoe ,vremia 7,november #ai1 #ahig1 ,no4 #g1hjf7 there appeared an article by ,v4 ,v4 ,rozanov3 8,graceful ,demonism0 in which1 in an ironical tone1 he criticised ,menshikov's article1 8,on ,sex ,love10 which was printed in ,knizhki ,nedieli 7#ahig1 ,nos4 #i-aa74 ,in his words later on1 ,tolstoi speaks of his deeply loved brother1 ,nickolai ,nickolaievich 7#ahbc-ahfj74 ,in his ,recollections1 ,tolstoi relates the incident as follows3 8,i remember how once1 a very stupid and bad man1 an ,adjutant ,general1 who was hunting with him1 laughed at him and how my brother1 glancing at me1 smiled kindly10 evidently finding great satisfaction in this4 7,biriukov1 ,biography of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 ,vol4 ,i1 ,moscow1 #aiaa1 pages #dc-dd74 #bed ,a4 ,maude translated ,what ,is ,art8 into ,english4 #bee ,the letter of ,n4 ,y4 ,grot is printed1 ,i think1 in ,tolstoi's book1 ,what ,is ,art8 #bef ,grigori ,antonovich ,zakharlin 7#ahbi-ahie71 a well-known professor in the ,moscow ,university1 in his day1 one of the most popular ,moscow physicians4 #beg ,countess ,maria ,nicholaievna ,tolstoi 7#ahcj-aiab71 ,tolstoi's only sister4 ,as a young girl1 she married her second cousin1 ,count ,v4 ,p4 ,tolstoi2 some time later she separated from him and soon after she became a widow4 ,when her daughters were married 7,mme4 ,v4 ,v4 ,nagornov1 ,princess ,e4 ,v4 ,obolensky and ,mme4 ,e4 ,s4 ,denisenko7 ,countess ,tolstoi1 under the influence of the well-known ,father ,ambrose1 of the ,optina ,desert1 entered the convent of ,shamordino 7in the province of ,kaluga7 and later took the veil4 ,in this convent she spent the rest of her life4 #beh ,monk ,ambrose1 the celebrated holy man of the ,optina ,desert1 died in #ahia1 at the age of #hj4 ,about ,tolstoi's visits to the ,optina ,desert see fragment of notes made by ,s4 ,a4 ,tolstoi under the title ,my ,life 7,tolstoi ,annual1 #aiac1 ,petrograd1 #aiad74 #bei ,dushan ,petrovich ,makovitsky1 then editor in ,hungary 7in ,ruzhomberg71 of the ,slavic publication which corresponded to the publication ,posrednik issued in ,moscow1 in which ,tolstoi and some of his friends took a most active interest4 #bfj ,in this place1 in the original ,journal1 a page had been entered in ,tolstoi's hand2 evidently the beginning of a letter4 ,this was its contents3 8,you ask me a question which ,i now for twenty years have been trying to solve4 8,it always seems to us--when the simple truth is that we ought to lead a ,christian life1 and when it is disclosed to us how terribly far from that life is the life we lead--it always seems to us that we for the moment find ourselves in an exceptionally disadvantageous condition for beginning that new life1 which opens itself to us3 ,to one1 it is a mother1 to another a wife1 to a third1 children1 to a fourth1 business2 this one bought a bull1 or the other has a wedding which interferes from his going to the feast4 ,and we usually say to ourselves1 #8,oh1 if it were not so1'--looking at it as on an accidental hindrance and not as on the unavoidable conditions of ,christian life1 as on the law of gravitation in problems of activity4 8,beauty which discloses to us the kingdom of ,god blinds us so1 that we immediately want to enter it and we forget that this is not the programme of life1 but the ideal2 and that the programme of life consists in struggle and in effort to attain the kingdom of ,god1 to approach it4 8,and when you understand this1 then the attitude towards activity is changed44440 #bfa ,the village of ,dolgoe1 province of ,tula1 district of ,krapevensk1 nineteen versts from ,yasnaya ,polyana4 ,the ,yasnaya ,polyana house in which ,tolstoi was born stands there4 ,in the fifties this house was sold to a neighbouring landlord1 ,gorobov1 who took it from ,yasnaya ,polyana to ,dolgoe1 where it remained until #aiac1 when it was destroyed4 #bfb ,nicholai ,ilich ,storozhenko 7#ahcf-aijf71 professor in the ,moscow ,university1 author of numerous books and articles on ,russian history and general literature4 #bfc ,tolstoi probably asked ,n4 ,a4 ,kasatkin for examples of true art in painting4 #bfd ,n's stories seemed to be about some of the ,chertkovs' difficult experiences in ,england4 #bfe ,prince ,s4 ,n4 ,troubetskoi 7#ahfb-aije71 professor of philosophy in the ,moscow ,university1 took an active part in the magazine1 ,problems of ,philosophy and ,psychology1 and became after ,n4 ,y4 ,grot's death1 the editor of it4 ,tolstoi1 as was said above1 gave his work1 ,what ,is ,art8 to this magazine4 #bff ,of these subjects ,tolstoi1 as much as can be judged1 made use of the following3 the first1 ,father ,sergius1 #ahih2 the second1 ,the ,posthumous ,memoirs of the ,monk1 ,fedor ,kuzmich1 #aije2 the fourth1 ,korni ,vasiliev1 #aije2 fifth1 ,the ,resurrection of ,hell and ,its ,destruction1 #aijb2 sixth1 ,the ,forged ,coupon1 #aijb-aijd2 seventh1 ,hadji ,murad1 #ahih1 #aijb-aijd2 the tenth1 ,resurrection1 #ahih-ahii2 and the thirteenth1 ,the ,divine and the ,human1 #aijc-aijd2 the twelfth subject1 ,mother1 was begun by ,tolstoi in the beginning of the nineties 7,introduction to ,the ,story of a ,mother1 or ,a ,mother's ,notes74 #bfg ,it was disagreeable to ,tolstoi that the foreign publishers1 who wished to print the first edition of his book1 ,what ,is ,art8 made the condition that it should appear everywhere simultaneously and that it should not be published anywhere first1 not even in ,russia4 ,tolstoi1 being little acquainted with the conditions of foreign publication1 did not understand at first how unavoidable these demands were for a simultaneous publication of books in various countries1 and he was disagreeably embarrassed that he had to absolutely forbid the appearance of the book in ,russia before the day arranged for foreign publication4 ,later1 realising the affair more closely1 ,tolstoi saw the necessity of these conditions of the publishers4 #bfh ,i4e41 he entirely finished the work ,what ,is ,art8 and gave it to ,problems of ,philosophy and ,psychology4 #bfi ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov1 being exiled from ,russia1 settled in ,england1 where he founded the publication1 ,the ,free ,press1 in which the works of ,tolstoi were printed1 as well as of authors near to him in point of view which could not be printed in the ,russian papers4 ,he also arranged for the translations of the new works of ,tolstoi into the important ,european tongues4 ,the telegram which ,tolstoi mentions must have been about the ,english translation of ,what is ,art8 #bgj ,sofron ,pavlovich ,chizhov1 a peasant from the district of ,umansk1 in the province of ,kiev1 because of his spreading of views adverse to the orthodox religion1 was exiled by administrative order1 first to ,poland and then to eastern ,siberia4 ,his ,memoirs were printed in ,the ,free ,press1 ,no4 #aj1 #aijd4 ,tolstoi often wrote to ,chizhov in exile1 expressing his joy that he bears all oppression 8like a man1 with patience and with love40 ,chizhov has remained in ,siberia for life and at present is living near ,yakutsk4 #bga ,as in the copy in possession of the editors4 #bgb ,see ,note #bfg4 #bgc ,in a letter to ,chertkov1 ,january #ah1 #ahih1 ,tolstoi wrote3 8,letters with threats have1 of course1 no effect1 but they are unpleasant1 in this sense1 that there should be people who hate futilely4 ,i am always ready to die and that is the thing4 ,i thought a little while ago3 444 that when one is healthy one ought to try to live better on the outside1 but when one is ill then learn to die better4 ,besides1 these letters haven't even this merit3 they are so stupidly written that they have been conceived evidently only to frighten40 #bgd ,concerning this illness1 ,tolstoi1 mentioning it in his letter to the ,chertkovs1 ,december #bh1 #ahig1 said3 8,the illness was the usual one1 biliousness1 and has now passed away40 #bge ,tolstoi began and finished this drama only in #aijj4 #bgf ,tolstoi's brother-in-law1 ,a4 ,a4 ,behrs4 #bgg ,sergei ,mickailovich ,soloviev 7#ahbj-ahgi71 the ,russian historian1 the father of the philosopher1 ,vladimir ,sergeevich1 and the novelist1 ,vsevolod ,sergeevich ,soloviev4 #bgh ,the preface to the ,english edition1 ,what ,is ,art8 ,in his letter to ,chertkov1 ,december #bg1 #ahig1 ,tolstoi wrote3 8,wouldn't such a preface be suitable8 8,the book which is about to appear cannot be published in its entirety in ,russia on account of the censor1 and therefore it is being published in ,england in translation1 the correctness of which ,i have not the least doubt of4 ,the five chapters printed in ,russia in the magazine ,problems of ,philosophy and ,psychology have already suffered several deletions and changes2 the following chapters1 especially those which explain the essence of my point of view on art1 will surely not be permitted in ,russia and therefore ,i ask all those who are interested in this book to judge it only by this present edition40 #bgi ,nicholas ,evgrafovich ,phedoseev1 a political exile1 who went by tape with the ,dukhobors exiled to ,siberia4 ,in his letter ,fedosiev told ,tolstoi about the interviews given to him by the ,dukhobors themselves1 concerning the suffering those who were sent to the ,ekaterinograd disciplinary battalion had to undergo1 and he also gave him information about the ,dukhobors in ,siberia4 ,this letter was printed in ,leaflets of ,the ,free ,press1 #ahih1 ,no4 ,i4 #bhj 8,i received a letter through the ,chertkovs10 wrote ,tolstoi1 ,january #ah1 #ahih--;from ,g4 ,bedborough1 the publisher of ,the ,adult1 a letter with questions about sex-problems and a very light-headed program4 #bha ,written in ,english1 in the original4 #bhb ,ilya ,efimovich ,repine4 ,concerning this visit1 ,tolstoi wrote to ,chertkov1 ,january #ba1 #ahih3 8,one of the recent pleasant impressions was the meeting with ,repine4 ,i think we made a good impression on each other40 #bhc ,countess ,alexandra ,lvovna ,tolstoi 7born1 #ahhd71 ,tolstoi's youngest daughter4 #bhd ,the literary work conceived and written by ,tolstoi only in #aijb3 ,the ,legend of the ,destruction of ,hell by ,christ and ,its ,resurrection by the ,devils1 arranging the teaching of ,christ so that it improve the evil life of people4 #bhe ,as in the copy at the disposal of the editors4 #bhf ,michail ,fedorovich ,gulenko1 serving in the department of the ,moscow-,kursk ,railroad1 and at this time one of the most active contributors to ,posrednik4 #bhg ,leopold ,antonovich ,sullerzhitsky1 later one of the managers of the ,moscow ,artistic ,theatre4 ,in the ,tolstoi family he was often called for short1 ,suller4 #bhh ,a poem by ,v4 ,d4 ,liapunov1 printed at first with a letter by ,tolstoi in the magazine1 ,russkaia ,mysl 7#ahih1 ,no4 #a73 and later in the book1 ,v4 ,d4 ,liapunov1 a ,young ,poet1 8,library of ,leo ,tolstoi10 edited by ,p4 ,i4 ,biriukov1 ,moscow1 #aiab4 #bhi ,in ,paths of ,life ,tolstoi expresses this thought more exactly3 8,that which we consider for ourselves as evil1 is in most cases a good which is not yet understood by us40 ,in another place he says in speaking of the same problem3 8,we must distinguish between our conceptions of evil in general1 #8objective' evil1 as philosophers say1 an outer one1 and between evil for each man individually1 a #8subjective' evil1 an inner one4 ,there is no objective evil4 ,subjective evil is a departure from reason1 it is indeed death40 7,a combination1 ,the ,four ,gospels ,harmonized1 ,translated and ,studied1 ,chapter ,,iii47 ,see also ,journal of ,may #bh1 #ahif1 thought #a4 #bij ,one word illegible4 ,note by ,prince ,obolensky in the copy in possession of the editors4 #bia ,to avoid misunderstanding as to whom this remark of ,tolstoi's refers1 it is proper here to cite an extract from another one of his writings3 8,they say that defence is impossible under non-resistance2 but the ,christian does not need any defence4 ,all that an evil-doer can do is to deprive one of property1 to kill1 and a ,christian is not afraid of that4 ,the ,christian not worrying about what to eat1 what to drink1 what to wear1 and knowing that without the will of the ,father not a hair will fall from his head1 the ,christian has no need to use violence against the evil-doer4 ,the evil-doer can do nothing to him40 7,from the rough draft of ,the ,kingdom of ,god ,within ,us1 #ahij-ahic1 with later corrections by ,tolstoi made during a revision of his ,complete ,collection of ,thoughts47 #bib ,jean ,grave1 a contemporary ,french writer1 of anarchical tendencies4 #bic ,shortly before that1 ,february #ad1 #ahih1 ,tolstoi wrote to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov3 8,about myself ,i can say that ,i would be satisfied with my spiritual state1 if ,i were not dissatisfied with my small external output4 ,the causes are3 ,ill health1 as well as the bustle of city life 7although now for about three days ,i have been well740 #bid ,the twentieth1 the concluding chapter of ,what ,is ,art8 is devoted to a criticism of contemporary science from the standpoint of ,christian philosophy4 #bie ,anatol ,ivanovich ,pharesov1 the democratic fiction writer and publicist4 ,alexander ,kapitonovich ,malikov1 who lived in the seventies in ,orel1 preached the doctrine of 8,god-humanity10 consisting in this1 that each man ought to be re-born morally and exalt the divine principle which was in him4 ,malikov was absolutely opposed to all violent methods of fighting evil4 ,in #ahge ,malikov with a small circle of persons who shared his opinions 7fifteen in all7 emigrated to ,america2 where in the ,state of ,kansas he established an agricultural community on the basis of the doctrine professed by him4 ,when two years later the community fell apart1 ,malikov returned to ,russia4 ,he died in #aijd at the age of sixty-two4 ,see about him the article of ,a4 ,s4 ,prugavin1 8,leo ,tolstoi and the ,man-,gods10 and the book on ,leo ,tolstoi and the ,tolstoians1 ,moscow1 #aiaa4 #bif ,the agricultural colony1 ,georgia1 issued a magazine with a ,christian tendency1 called ,social ,gospel4 ,among the members of this colony was ,crosby4 ,there were about one hundred colonists4 ,in this letter1 addressed to ,george ,howard ,gibson1 ,tolstoi expressed his opinion on agricultural societies in general4 #big ,at this time1 the ,dukhobors received permission from the ,russian authorities to emigrate4 ,tolstoi addressed himself to ,russian1 ,european and ,american society with an appeal1 in which he summoned them to help the ,dukhobors with money as well as with direct assistance in the difficulties of emigration4 ,the appeal to ,russian society was printed among other places in the ,full ,collected ,works of ,tolstoi1 published by ,sytin1 subscribed and popular editions1 ,volume ,,xviii2 and the letter to the ,english newspapers was printed in ,the ,free ,press1 ,no4 ,i 7#ahih1 ,england71 in the article of ,p4 ,i4 ,biriukov and afterwards reprinted in his book ,the ,dukhobors4 #bih ,when ,what ,is ,art8 was already printed in the ,problems of ,philosophy and ,psychology and submitted to the censorship there came an order from ,petrograd to submit it to the theologic censorship4 ,the theologic censor not only crossed out many passages1 but in some places made changes which perverted the very thought of the author4 ,in the preface to the ,english translation of this work1 ,tolstoi expressed regret that1 contrary to his custom1 he consented at the request of ,n4 ,y4 ,grot to print this work with the censor deletions and softenings4 ,and he also speaks about the harm of every kind of compromise4444 ,this preface was printed in ,russian in ,the ,free ,press1 ,no4 #a4 #bii ,at this place in the ,journal there was a diagram composed of flowing lines1 irregularly drawn4 ,as the editors did not have the original of the ,journal1 but used the copy made by ,prince ,obolensky1 it was impossible to make an exact facsimile of the original diagram4 #cjj ,in his letter to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov1 ,tolstoi wrote3 8444 ,this happened3 ,in the morning they told me that two men came from the ,caucasus4 ,they were the ,dukhobors1 ,p4 ,v4 ,planidin1 an acquaintance of yours1 and ,chernov4 ,they came1 naturally1 without passports to give me information and to find out everything pertaining to their affair4 ,after talking with these dear friends and finding out everything1 ,i decided to send them to ,petersburg4444 ,they went1 spent the day there1 and returned4444 ,they are touchingly instructive40 8,the principal reason for ,planidin's and ,chernov's coming10 ,tolstoi wrote ,april #fth1 8was to ask some one of our friends to go to visit ,verigin in ,obdorsk40 #cja ,ivan ,petrovich ,brashnin1 a typical old-fashioned ,moscow merchant1 a dealer in raw silks2 his family consisted of his wife and two sons4 ,a4 ,n4 ,dunaev introduced him to ,tolstoi in the eighties4 ,he was then over #fj4 ,he had wanted to make his acquaintance1 because the views of ,tolstoi were near to his soul2 in spite of his former strict orthodoxy he warmly accepted the views of ,tolstoi4 ,being sincere and straight-forward1 he rejected the 444 teaching and became a convinced follower of the pure ,christian teaching4 ,he spoke with great pleasure and emotion about his visits and talks with ,tolstoi1 which gave him the greatest joy4 ,a few years prior to his death he became a strict vegetarian4 ,before his death he refused the viaticon of the priest and the rites of confession and the sacrament4 ,in his letter to ,a4 ,c4 ,chertkov of ,march #cj1 #ahih1 ,tolstoi wrote him about his last visit to ,brashnin3 8,you know there is an old man1 a rich merchant1 ,brashnin1 who is near to us in spirit4 ,i have already known him for about fifteen years4 ,he has cancer of the liver1 so the doctors have found out4 ,i visited him once in the winter4 ,he was very weak1 thin1 yellow1 but on his feet4 ,one morning about a week ago ,a4 ,n4 ,dunaiev came to me with the news that ,brashnin is dying and that he had sent a boy to ask that ,i take leave of him4 ,we went and found him dying4 ,my first words were3 #8,is he calm8' ,absolutely4 ,he was in full possession of his memory1 had a clear mind1 thanked me1 and took leave of me and ,i of him1 as people do before going on a journey4 ,with sadness we spoke about the 444 ,i said that we will see each other again4 ,he calmly answered1 #8,no more4' ,he took leave and thanked us for our visit4 ,everything was so simple1 peaceful and earnest40 #cjb ,the article on war and on military service was called forth by the request of two foreign papers to the representatives of political and social workers1 and the representatives of science and art1 to express themselves on whether war was necessary in our time1 what were the consequences of militarism and what were the means that led the quickest way to a realisation of universal peace4 #cjc ,the former estate of ,count ,i4 ,l4 ,tolstoi in ,cherni1 the province of ,tula1 to which ,tolstoi went to help the famine-stricken peasants4 ,as in the year #ahia when ,tolstoi helped the famine-stricken peasants of the province of ,riazan1 he considered the establishment of soup-kitchens as the most sensible form of help1 for which he set himself to work upon his arrival in ,grinevka4 ,on ,may #b1 #ahih1 in his letter to the ,countess ,s4 ,a4 ,tolstoi1 ,tolstoi wrote in reference to his activity that 8the work which was being done was necessary and is advancing4 ,there is no famine1 but the need is killing1 cropless1 very difficult1 and it helps us to see it40 7,letters of ,tolstoi to his ,wife1 ,moscow1 #aiac1 pages #edb and #edc47 #cjd ,april #ba1 #ahih1 by order of the ,minister of the ,interior1 the ,russkia ,viedomosti was suspended for two months 8for the collection of contributions in aid of the ,dukhobors and for evading the executive orders of the ,moscow ,governor-,general40 ,the regulation of the ,moscow ,governor-,general which the newspaper did not fulfil was to give over for disposal to the authorities the money contributed through the editorial offices for the aid of the ,dukhobors4 ,the editors could not do that1 because the money had already been sent to ,tolstoi4 #cje ,lopashino1 as well as ,sidorovo1 ,kamenka1 ,gubarevka1 ,bobriki1 ,michails ,ford1 ,kukuevka1 which are mentioned below1 are villages near to ,grinevka where ,tolstoi established soup-kitchens for the famine-stricken4 #cjf ,for an orderly organisation of aid for the needy1 ,tolstoi had collected the necessary detailed information concerning the number of souls and the economic condition of each household in the suffering villages4 #cjg ,see ,note #acf4 #cjh ,the ,tsurikovs and ,ilinskys--neighbouring landlords4 #cji ,tolstoi wrote to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov on that day3 8,i haven't written for a whole week1 but ,i feel pretty well4 ,it seems to me that after the ,moscow bustle my impressions are finding their place1 the necessary thoughts are coming forth40 #caj ,see ,letters of ,count ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi to his ,wife1 ,march1 #aiac1 pages #edc and #edd4 #caa ,i4e41 at his son's1 ,count ,s4 ,l4 ,tolstoi1 on his estate of ,nicholskoe1 near the station of ,bastyevo4 #cab ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov then wrote an article1 8,where is ,thy ,brother8 ,about the attitude of the ,russian ,government to the ,people ,who ,cannot ,become ,murderers10 in the defence of the oppressed ,dukhobors4 ,this article was published in ,the ,free ,press 7,england1 #ahih74 #cac ,g4 ,r4 ,lindenberg1 one of ,tolstoi's co-workers in aid of the famine-stricken1 an artist4 #cad ,the name of this teacher is ,gubonin4 ,together with ,lindenberg he came to ,tolstoi from ,poltava4 #cae ,the ,appeal served as the beginning of two articles on the labour question3 ,should it really be so1 and ,where is the way out8 upon which ,tolstoi worked during the year #ahih and revised it once again for printing in #aijj4 #caf ,the deceased1 ,n4 ,n4 ,strakhov4 #cag ,the county seat of the province of ,orel4 #cah ,a railroad station on the ,moscow-,kursk ,railroad4 #cai ,tolstoi speaks here of gymnastic exercises which he sometimes took 7see entry of ,may #aa1 #ahih74 #cbj ,tolstoi used to receive contributions in aid of the famine-stricken from various people4 #cba ,in this article under the title1 8,is ,there ,famine or ,no ,famine80 ,tolstoi answers the following questions3 #a4 ,is there in the current year a famine or is there not a famine8 #b4 ,to what is due the oft-repeated need of the people8 #c4 ,what is to be done in order that this need be not repeated8 ,these were printed with omissions in the newspaper1 ,russ1 of ,july #b and #c1 of #ahih and in full in ,leaflets of ,the ,free ,press1 ,no4 #b 7,england1 #ahih74 #cbb ,the ,countess ,s4 ,n4 ,tolstoi 7born ,philosophov71 wife of ,tolstoi's son1 ,count ,i4 ,l4 ,tolstoi4 #cbc ,neighbouring landlords near ,grinevka4 #cbd ,after a tiring1 long ride by horse1 ,tolstoi arrived at the ,levitskys'1 and fell ill of severe dysentery4 #cbe ,tolstoi was forced to stop his work in aid of the famine-stricken1 as the ,tula ,governor forbade all non-residents without his permission to establish and help in the construction of soup-kitchens4 ,without these people it was impossible to continue the work4 7,see article 8,is ,there ,famine or ,no ,famine807 #cbf ,the well-known ,swedish physician1 ,ernest ,westerlund1 and his wife--parents of the wife of ,count ,l4 ,l4 ,tolstoy1 ,dora ,fedorovna--who arrived from ,sweden to visit her4 #cbg ,the novel1 ,father ,sergius1 which ,tolstoi wrote from #ahij-ahia4 #cbh ,i4e41 from ,v4 ,g4 and ,a4 ,k4 ,chertkov4 #cbi ,the story1 ,the ,forged ,coupon1 begun by ,tolstoi as early as the end of the eighties and only begun again by him at the end of #aijb4 #ccj ,n4 ,s4 ,lieskov 7#ahca-ahie71 a well-known writer4 ,in the last years of his life he shared in many respects the views of ,tolstoi4 ,the story of ,lieskov mentioned by ,tolstoi is called ,the ,hour of the ,will of ,god4 #cca ,five years later1 in #aijc1 ,tolstoi worked this theme out in a story entitled ,three ,problems4 #ccb ,the christening of the first child of ,count ,l4 ,l4 ,tolstoi4 #ccc ,about this time ,tolstoi wrote to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov3 8,my sickness at first began as dysentery1 then ,i had very great pains and fever and weakness4 ,now everything has passed40 #ccd ,prince ,e4 ,e4 ,ukhtomsky1 the editor and publisher of the ,petrograd ,viedomosti4 #cce 8,is ,there ,famine or ,no ,famine80 #ccf ,the weekly newspaper issued in ,petrograd by ,s4 ,f4 ,sharapov4 #ccg ,this was done in those places where ,tolstoi organised aid to the famine-stricken4 #cch ,i4 ,c4 ,dieterichs1 a former ,cossack artillery officer1 who held the same views as ,tolstoi1 a brother of ,madame ,a4 ,c4 ,chertkov1 and his sisters1 ,maria and ,olga ,constantinovna4 #cci ,there occurred in ,england at this time1 some misunderstandings between several friends of ,tolstoi1 who had to be convinced by experience that having the same point of view is far from being of one mind4 ,the misunderstandings were later smoothed over4 #cdj ,the contemporary ,french novelist4 #cda ,see ,note #cci4 #cdb ,elizabeth ,picard1 a ,quaker1 wrote an open letter to the well-known ,english publisher1 ,stead1 editor of the magazine ,war ,against ,war1 which preached universal peace1 and which at the same time was against those persons who refused military service4 #cdc ,c4 ,t4 ,willard of ,chicago offered himself as mediator in the emigration of the ,dukhobors to ,america4 ,tolstoi sent his letter to ,england to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov1 whose house at this time was the headquarters for all communications concerning the emigration of the ,dukhobors4 #cdd ,v4 ,p4 ,gaideburov1 from #ahid on1 editor and publisher of ,nediela4 #cde ,in ,english in the original4 #cdf ,this intention was carried out by ,tolstoi1 at least in regard to ,resurrection1 which he gave to the publication ,niva1 edited by ,a4 ,f4 ,marx1 who paid twelve thousand roubles for the first printing4 ,the money was used by ,tolstoi in aid of the emigrating ,dukhobors4 ,originally1 ,tolstoi suggested selling the copyright of three of his novels1 ,the ,devil1 ,resurrection1 and ,father ,sergius1 to ,english and ,american papers on advantageous terms4 ,then he decided not to publish ,the ,devil4 ,at first he thought that he would not make a final revision of ,resurrection and of ,father ,sergius1 but would give them over to be printed straight away1 just as they were written4 ,but later he re-read ,resurrection and little by little began to work on it with such absorption 8as he had not experienced in a long time40 ,later ,tolstoi decided to give only ,resurrection for the benefit of the ,dukhobors and did not begin to work on ,father ,sergius4 #cdg ,arvid ,jrnefelt4 ,the well-known ,finnish writer who held the same opinions as ,tolstoi4 ,after graduating from ,helsingfors ,university1 he prepared himself for the career of magistrate1 but becoming acquainted with the writings of ,tolstoi1 he brusquely changed his life4 ,he learnt the trade of cobbler and locksmith and later1 at the end of the nineties1 he bought a plot of land and began to till the soil1 not ceasing his literary labours1 however4 ,he translated many works of ,tolstoi into ,finnish4 ,the novels of ,jrnefelt are ,my ,native ,land1 ,children of the ,earth and several stories which are translated into ,russian4 ,the acquaintance of ,jrnefelt with ,tolstoi began with his sending his book called ,my ,awakening to ,tolstoi in #ahie4 ,it was in ,finnish1 and with it he sent a translation of one of his chapters3 8,why ,i ,did ,not ,undertake the ,post of ,judge40 ,this chapter1 together with an accompanying letter by ,jrnefelt1 ,tolstoi included in his manuscript ,no4 #d1 ,archives of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi4 ,tolstoi's letter to ,jrnefelt1 mentioned in the ,journal1 is as follows3 8,although we have never seen each other1 we know and love each other1 and therefore ,i boldly turn to you with a request to do me a great service4 8,the matter which ,i bring before you ought to remain unknown to any one except to us1 and therefore speak to no one about this letter1 but answer me 7,station ,kozlovka on the ,moscow-,kursk ,railway71 where you are now1 and whether you are ready to help me4 ,i am writing thus briefly1 because ,i have little hope that with the insufficient address1 my letter will reach you4 8,,leo ,,tolstoi40 ,in explanation of this letter ,jrnefelt communicated the following to the editors3 8,i quickly answered ,tolstoi's question4 ,i was convinced that he wanted to leave ,yasnaya and to plan an escape4 ,but when we met later in ,moscow in #ahii1 ,tolstoi immediately said3 #8,yes1 yes1 you understood me1 but the temptation passed by me in time4' ,and then glancing about him with a deep sigh of pain he said1 #8,you will excuse me1 ,jrnefelt1 that ,i live as ,i do1 but probably it is as it ought to be4' ,and we did not speak any more about this matter40 ,and so1 in his letter to ,jrnefelt of ,december #af1 #ahih1 i4e41 still before this meeting with him1 ,tolstoi wrote3 8,if ,i should ever meet you1 which ,i want to very much1 ,i will then tell you what kind of help ,i expected from you4 ,now the temptation which forced me to seek help from you has passed40 ,in his letter to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov of ,july #bast of that year1 i4e41 three days after the above mentioned note in the ,journal1 ,tolstoi wrote3 8,read this to no one4 ,i teach others1 but do not know how to live myself4 ,for how many years have ,i given myself the question1 ,is it fitting that ,i continue to live as ,i am living1 or shall ,i go away8--and ,i cannot decide4 ,i know that everything is decided by renouncing oneself and when ,i attain that then everything is clear4 ,but they are rare moments40 #cdh ,see ,note #cdg4 #cdi ,a collection in the church ,slavonic tongue1 ,love of ,good1 or ,words and ,chapters of ,sacred ,sobriety1 collected from the writings of the ,saints and ,god-inspired fathers4 ,in his library1 ,tolstoi had a volume of ,love of ,good with a great many notes in the margin made in his own hand4 #cej ,with ,i4 ,i4 ,gorbunov1 who came for a short time to ,ovsiannikovo to his brother1 who lived there at this time1 the actor ,n4 ,i4 ,gorbunov4 ,at this meeting1 ,tolstoi said to ,i4 ,i4 ,gorbunov that it was the gentlemanly state of his life that had become more agonising to him1 that he was 8ashamed to look in the eyes of his lackeys0 and that he wanted to go away4 ,he said among other things that he was thinking of going away with ,i4 ,i4 ,gorbunov to ,kaluga 7where ,gorbunov lived at that time7--and further than that1 he still had another plan 444 perhaps it was the plan about which ,tolstoi had written a little while before to ,jrnefelt4 7,see ,note #cdg47 #cea ,tolstoi's brother1 ,count ,serge ,nicholaievich4 #ceb ,tolstoi's sister1 ,countess ,m4 ,n4 ,tolstoi4 #cec ,the ,english authorities of the ,island of ,cyprus asked a money guarantee of about two hundred and fifty roubles for each man from the ,dukhobors emigrating there1 so that in case of need they would not have to be supported at the government expense4 ,at that time it became known1 that in ,russia several influential governmental persons had begun to zealously urge the government to send the ,dukhobors to ,manchuria for the ,russification of those ,chinese borders adjacent to ,russia4 ,it was necessary to hurry with the emigration of the ,dukhobors2 the ,english ,quakers pulled them out of their helpless position1 who first of all persuaded the ,english ,government to decrease the guarantee from two hundred and fifty roubles to one hundred and fifty for each man1 and afterwards in several days1 collected among themselves a guarantee of one hundred thousand roubles1 which1 together with the fifty thousand roubles which were contributed at that time by various people1 made up the necessary sum for giving the guarantee for the whole party of ,dukhobors4 ,in his letter to the ,dukhobors of ,august #bg1 #ahih1 ,tolstoi ended thus3 8,may ,god help you to accomplish ,his will with ,christian manhood1 patience and faithfulness1 in establishing this change in your life40 #ced ,m4 ,n4 ,rostovtzev1 the daughter of ,madame ,m4 ,d4 ,rostovtzev1 a land-lady of ,voronezh1 and a follower of ,tolstoi1 on coming from the ,chertkovs1 was arrested on the border because1 at the custom examination some pieces of proof of a forbidden book were found on her4 ,she was soon freed4 #cee ,the interruption in receiving letters from ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov was caused by the secret police looking through them4 ,therefore ,chertkov was forced to carry on a part of this far-distant correspondence through a circuitous address4 ,in the letter to him at the end of ,august1 #ahih1 ,tolstoi1 informing ,chertkov that one of his letters was kept back a month1 wrote3 8,yesterday ,i received your letter of ,august #eth4 ,it is terribly vexing1 this interference with our communications which now have become so specially important4 ,and what is it for80 #cef ,see ,note #cee4 #ceg ,l4 ,a4 ,sullerzhitsky went to the ,caucasus to help the ,dukhobors arrange for their emigration abroad4 ,the first group of ,dukhobors1 to the number of #a1abf persons1 who had suffered the most from exile1 hunger and illness1 left on the #fth of ,august1 #ahih1 for the ,island of ,cyprus while other lands be found and sufficient money collected for the transportation of those remaining to a more suitable place4 ,at the request of ,tolstoi1 ,l4 ,a4 ,sullerzhitsky later accompanied a group of ,dukhobors to ,canada4 ,he wrote a book about this journey1 ,in ,america ,with the ,dukhobors1 issued by ,posrednik1 ,moscow1 #aije4 #ceh ,the sister of ,tolstoi1 ,countess ,maria ,nicholaievna4 ,a month later1 ,september #cj1 #ahih1 ,tolstoi wrote to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov3 8,yesterday my sister1 ,m4 ,n41 left1 with whom ,i spent a very friendly month1 never having been so loving40 #cei ,v4 ,a4 ,kuzminsky1 a niece of ,countess ,s4 ,a4 ,tolstoi4 #cfj ,countess ,vera ,s4 ,tolstoi1 a niece of ,tolstoi1 daughter of ,count ,s4 ,n4 ,tolstoi4 #cfa ,tolstoi's seventieth birthday1 celebrated ,august #bh1 #ahih4 #cfb ,according to the contract with the publisher of ,niva1 ,a4 ,f4 ,marx1 ,tolstoi at the conclusion of the contract1 received the whole of his royalty for only the first #bjj pages of ,resurrection4 #cfc ,in regard to the false rumours which were reaching ,tolstoi at this time1 about the affairs of the emigrating ,dukhobors4 #cfd ,one of the ,dukhobors exiled to ,siberia1 ,v4 ,n4 ,pozdniakov1 was sent by his brethren to the leader of the ,dukhobors1 ,p4 ,v4 ,verigin1 who was then in exile in the village of ,obdorsk in the province of ,tobolsk4 ,receiving a letter of instructions from ,verigin for the group in general1 he brought this letter to his brethren in the ,caucasus and on his way reached ,yasnaya ,polyana4 ,he showed ,tolstoi marks on his body from ill-treatment he had suffered three years before4 #cfe ,herbert ,archer1 an ,english co-worker with ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov1 who went at his request to ,tolstoi to transmit information to him with regard to the ,dukhobors and to dissipate the false rumours about them which had reached ,tolstoi from outsiders4 ,about this time1 in his letter to ,countess ,s4 ,a4 ,tolstoi1 ,tolstoi wrote about ,archer3 8,he looks insignificant1 but he is a very good man and a remarkably clever one40 7,letters of ,count ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi to his ,wife1 ,march1 #aiac1 page #eee47 #cff ,this thought ,tolstoi changed in the following form for ,the ,reading ,circle3 8,now ,i consider as myself my body with its senses1 but then something entirely different is being formed in me4 ,and then the whole world will become different1 since the whole world is not something different1 only because ,i consider myself such a being separated from the world and not another4 ,but there may be an innumerable quantity of beings separated from the world40 ,the ,reading ,circle1 issued by ,posrednik1 ,volume ,i1 ,moscow1 #aiaa1 for ,april #af4 #cfg ,tolstoi's son1 ,s4 ,l4 ,tolstoi1 and ,l4 ,a4 ,sullerzhitsky went to the ,caucasus to accompany the remaining ,dukhobors to ,canada4 ,tolstoi in order to protect them from the oppression of the authorities wrote a letter to the commander-in-chief of the ,caucasus1 ,prince ,g4 ,s4 ,golitsin4 #cfh ,tolstoi sometimes could not remember which thought from his pocket note-book he had written out into the ,journal and which one he had not4 ,this explains the fact that several thoughts are entered without any changes at all in the ,journal1 in places not far from one another4 #cfi ,in the eighties and nineties the ,tolstois went yearly from ,yasnaya ,polyana to ,moscow to spend the winter4 #cgj ,princess ,e4 ,v4 ,obolensky1 niece of ,tolstoi1 daughter of his sister1 ,countess ,maria ,nicholaievna4 #cga ,in the finished form1 the novel had #abi chapters4 #cgb ,in another place ,tolstoi says3 8,playing the fool 7like ,christ7 i4e41 the purposeful representing of yourself as worse than you are1 is the highest quality of virtue40 7,journal1 ,may #bi1 #ahic47 #cgc ,an omission in the copy in possession of the editors4 #cgd ,tolstoi wrote to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov as early as ,december #ac1 #ahih3 8,i absolutely cannot occupy myself with anything else than with ,resurrection4 ,just like a shell1 when it gets to the earth1 falls more and more quickly1 in the same way ,i now1 when ,i am nearing the end1 ,i cannot think--no1 not that ,i cannot3 ,i can and even do think--but ,i don't want to think about anything else but about it40 #cge ,at this time the emigration of the ,dukhobors to ,canada had not yet been accomplished4 ,tolstoi took an active part in the affair3 he addressed various people with the request for contributions for this purpose1 he carried on a correspondence with friends in ,england in regard to a place of settlement for the ,dukhobors1 he sent letters to the authorities to try to remove obstacles which were in their way1 he saw agents who suggested places of settlement1 he carried on a correspondence with the ,dukhobors themselves1 etc4 #cgf ,february #ae1 #ahii1 ,tolstoi wrote to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov3 8,my back hurts all the time and ,i am weak and ,i am disgusted with ,resurrection1 which ,i can't touch40 #cgg ,the retired officer addressed himself to ,tolstoi with the question whether the ,gospels were not against military service4 ,tolstoi's answer was printed in the leaflets of ,the ,free ,press1 ,no4 #e1 #ahii1 and in #aijf in ,petrograd in the publication1 ,obnovlenia1 ,no4 #acj 7which was confiscated74 #cgh ,a group of representative ,swedish intellectuals addressed themselves to ,tolstoi with a letter as to the means of attaining universal peace4 ,in this letter on the one hand1 they expressed the thought that universal disarmament could be attained by the surest path of each separate individual refusing to take part in military service1 and on the other hand1 they acknowledged that the ,peace ,conference fixed for ,the ,hague at the instigation of the ,russian ,government was useful to the attainment of universal peace4444 #cgi ,in the middle of ,february1 #ahih1 the students of the ,university of ,petrograd1 in the form of a protest against the beating of people in the streets1 decided on the day of the student holiday1 ,february #hth1 as a peaceful-minded group of students1 to cease work4 ,they were soon joined by students of other higher schools in ,petrograd and later in ,moscow1 ,kiev1 ,kharkov1 ,jurev1 ,odessa1 ,tomsk1 ,kazan1 ,riga and ,novaia ,alexandria4 ,in this way the studies of several thousand men and women students were suspended4 ,the representatives of the ,moscow and ,petrograd student bodies came to ,tolstoi with the purpose of obtaining his opinion and sympathy for the student movement4 #chj ,sinet1 an artist1 who refused military service on religious grounds and was sent to the ,algerian disciplinary battalion and who escaped from there4 ,tolstoi called ,sinet the first religious ,frenchman1 therefore1 because he was the first ,frenchman he met who believed truly as he did4 #cha ,in his letter to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov of ,july #i1 #ahii1 ,tolstoi wrote1 8,the matter of the translations worry me4 ,i can imagine1 therefore1 how they worry you4 ,to-day ,i thought this3 ,to drop all contracts with the translators and print the following in the newspaper44440 ,further on ,tolstoi expounds the project of his letter to the newspapers1 that he1 in the matter of translation1 decided to destroy the contracts with the publishers of the translations and to refuse the royalty of the first printing of these translations4 ,and yet the need of the ,dukhobors was so great that 8having no means of employing cattle1 they have hitched themselves and their wives to the plough and are ploughing with human power to till their land40 ,for this reason1 ,tolstoi drops his plan3 8,i ask all the publishers who will print this novel and the translators of it1 as well as the readers of the novel1 to remember those people for whom this publication has been begun and as far as their strength and their desire go1 to help the ,dukhobors by giving their mite to the ,dukhobor fund in ,england40 #chb ,taking no part in #ahii1 in the work of organising help for the famine-stricken peasants1 ,tolstoi directed the contributions received for this purpose from various people1 to be sent to those who were occupied on the spot in giving help to the inhabitants4 #chc ,originally in ,english4 #chd ,this thought was maintained in the book then being read by ,tolstoi3 ,vergleichenden ,uebersicht der ,vier ,evangelien1 von ,s4 ,g4 ,verus1 ,leipzig1 #ahig4 ,in the letter of ,biriukov of ,august #a1 #ahii1 ,tolstoi wrote thus about the significance of ,verus' book3 8,this supposition or probability is the destruction of the last suburbs which are susceptible to attacks from the enemy1 so that the fortress of the moral teaching of the good1 flowing not from a source which is only temporary and local1 but from a totality of the whole spiritual life of humanity1 be unshaken40 #che ,countess ,s4 ,n4 ,tolstoi4 #chf ,see ,note #chd4 #chg ,this thought is developed more in detail by ,tolstoi in the ,legend of the ,stones 7see ,the ,reading ,circle1 ,volume ,,ii74 #chh ,alfred ,b4 ,westrup4 ,plenty of ,money4 ,n4 ,y41 #ahii4 #chi ,countess ,o4 ,c4 ,tolstoi1 born ,dieterichs1 first wife of ,a4 ,l4 ,tolstoi4 #cij ,the artist1 ,julia ,ivanovna ,igumnov1 who lived a long time in ,yasnaya ,polyana4 ,at this time she helped ,tolstoi to copy his manuscripts and his letters4 #cia ,a4 ,d4 ,arkhangelsky1 a student in the ,moscow ,university1 who lived as a teacher in ,tolstoi's house4 #cib ,these chapters on ,resurrection were sent to the publishing house of ,niva to be set up4 #cic ,an interrogation point in the copy at the disposal of the editors4 #cid ,living at this time with the ,tolstois in ,moscow1 ,countess ,o4 ,k4 ,tolstoi1 in a letter to ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov on ,november #bbnd1 #ahii1 described ,tolstoi's illness in this way3 8,yesterday we lived through a terrible evening and night4 ,in the evening after dinner1 ,tolstoi went to his room to lie down1 and after several minutes we were all attracted by terrible groans from him 444 he was taken with severe stomach pains which were very severe from four o'clock in the morning to seven in the evening4 ,he suffered terribly and at first nothing helped40 ,tolstoi suffered especially from vomiting which lasted twenty-eight hours4 ,his doctors were ,p4 ,s4 ,usev and ,prof4 ,m4 ,p4 ,cherinov4 8,both medicine and feeding10 another person wrote to ,chertkov from ,moscow1 ,december #e1 #ahii1 8is given now by entreaty and persuasion1 now by tears and now by deception1 which is even more depressing than tears4 ,to-day everything is better3 pains and appetite and strength40 ,tolstoi got out of bed ,december #fth and little by little began to walk4 ,but the following days he had pain and felt weakness4 #cie ,an omission in this place in the copy in possession of the editors4 #cif ,this word in the original is underlined twice4 #cig ,from ,derzhavin's ,ode1 8,god40 #cih ,the exact title of the book by ,m4 ,a4 ,engelhardt is ,progress1 ,as an ,evolution of ,cruelty1 issued by ,f4 ,f4 ,pavlenkov1 ,petrograd1 #ahii4 ,to the author of this book1 ,m4 ,a4 ,engelhardt 7#aheh-ahhb71 ,tolstoi wrote1 in #ahhb1 a very remarkable letter on the problem of non-resistance to evil by violence4 #cii ,the journal1 ,niva4 #djj ,the novel1 ,the ,forged ,coupon4 ,,appendix ,a ,,short ,,sketch ,,of ,,the ,,life ,,of ,,tolstoi ,,at ,,the ,,end ,,of ,,the ,,nineties ,,by ,,constantine ,,shokor-,,trotsky ,the present volume of ,tolstoi's ,journal covers a period from ,october #bh1 #ahie1 to ,december1 #ahii4 ,during this time ,tolstoi made in all #agj entriesa#a in the ,journal1 the greatest number of them falling in the year #ahig1 and the smallest in #ahii4 ,during certain months1 ,tolstoi made no entries whatever4 ,there were nine such months in the four years2 ,april and ,august1 #ahif2 ,june1 #ahig2 ,september1 ,october and ,december1 #ahih2 ,march1 ,may and ,august1 #ahii4 ,the greatest number of interruptions in the entries was caused by ill health1 sometimes also by intensive work and sometimes on account of spiritual depression4 a#a ,of the #agj entries in the present edition1 the editors have omitted #ajb places 7#a1gjg words7 because of their intimate character1 and #ee places 7#a1ajb words7 on account of the censor4 ,besides this1 in the ,notes1 one place 7#i words7 has been omitted on account of its intimate character and #ad places 7#bde words7 on account of the censor4 ,i ,,important ,,events ,of important outer events which had more or less significance for ,tolstoi1 and to which he responded during this time1 the following are to be mentioned3a#b ,in the first two months of #ahif1 ,tolstoi notes in his ,journal and in private letters the death of several people more or less near to him3 his relative1 ,n4 ,m4 ,nagornov2 the well-known philosopher1 ,n4 ,n4 ,strakhov1 to whom he was bound by an old friendship2 an old woman1 ,agatha ,michailovna1 a former maid of his grandmother1 who lived all her life in ,yasnaya ,polyana2 the ,yasnaya ,polyana peasant1 ,phillip ,egorov1 who had been a coachman for many years at the ,tolstois'1 and the steward1 at one time2 the wife of a professor1 ,olga ,storozhenko4 ,in ,march and ,april of the same year1 according to his own words1 the important events of his life were3 making the acquaintance of the peasant1 ,m4 ,p4 ,novikov2 the arrest of his friend1 a woman doctor1 ,m4 ,m4 ,kholevinsky1 because she gave his forbidden works to the working people2 hearing ,wagner's ,opera1 8,siegfried10 which aided him in clarifying his conception of true art2 becoming acquainted with the works of the noted philosopher1 ,a4 ,a4 ,spier1 which were sent to him by the latter's daughter4 ,in ,may1 in ,moscow at the time of the ,coronation1 the unfortunate catastrophe which took place on the ,khodinka field1 the reports of which produced a strong impression on ,tolstoi4 ,in ,october of this same year1 two ,japanese came to ,tolstoi1 whose visit was both interesting and pleasant for him4 ,in ,february1 #ahig1 several friends of ,tolstoi were subjected to governmental prosecution for their intercession in behalf of the persecuted ,dukhobors3 ,p4 ,i4 ,biriukov was exiled to the city of ,bausk in ,courland1 ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov was exiled abroad and ,i4 ,m4 ,tregubov some time later was exiled to ,goldingen in ,courland4 ,in ,february of that year there was the tragedy of an acquaintance of ,tolstoi2 ,miss ,m4 ,f4 ,vietrov burning herself1 who had been imprisoned in the ,fortress of ,peter and ,paul4 ,in ,july of that year ,tolstoi's daughter1 ,maria ,lvovna1 who stood especially near to him1 was married to ,prince ,n4 ,l4 ,obolensky4 ,in ,september1 ,p4 ,a4 ,boulanger1 a friend1 was exiled abroad for his activity in behalf of the ,dukhobors4 ,at the end of ,october the noted ,american writer1 ,henry ,george1 died1 whose works and whose personality ,tolstoi valued very highly4 ,in ,november ,dr4 ,d4 ,p4 ,makovitsky1 a follower of ,tolstoi1 came for a short visit from ,hungary2 later becoming a close friend1 he remained with ,tolstoi uninterruptedly until the latter's death4 ,in ,december1 ,tolstoi received several anonymous letters with threats of assassination4 ,in ,february1 #ahih1 the ,dukhobors received permission to emigrate from ,russia1 which ,tolstoi for two years had worked hard to accomplish4 ,in ,april of that year the ,moscow merchant1 ,i4 ,p4 ,brashnin1 a follower of ,tolstoi1 died4 ,in ,april and ,may there was famine in several districts of ,tula1 and ,tolstoi occupied himself energetically for some time to aid the famine-stricken4 ,he established soup-kitchens1 collected money1 etc4 ,in ,may of that year1 the ,russkia ,viedomosti was suppressed for collecting funds in behalf of the ,dukhobors4 ,in ,july1 ,tolstoi decided to finish his novel1 ,resurrection1 8so that it could be published for the benefit of the ,dukhobors40 ,in ,october1 the ,dukhobor1 ,v4 ,n4 ,pozdniakov1 visited ,tolstoi1 coming secretly from his exile in ,yakutsk to the ,caucasus to see his co-religionists before their emigration to ,america4 ,in this same month the peasant1 ,t4 ,m4 ,bondarev1 died1 who had lived many years in exile in ,siberia1 for whose book on ,the ,labor for ,bread ,tolstoi wrote a preface1 and with whom he corresponded4 ,tolstoi only learned of his death in ,december4 ,in #ahii there were almost no external events4 ,in ,november of that year1 ,tolstoi's eldest daughter1 ,tatiana ,lvovna1 was married to ,m4 ,s4 ,sukhotin4 a#b ,the compilation of facts concerning the important events in ,tolstoi's life were not only made from his ,journal but from letters to various individuals4 ,,ii ,,the ,,places ,,that ,,tolstoi ,,lived ,,in ,,and ,,visited ,between #ahif-ahii ,tolstoi lived principally in ,yasnaya ,polyana4 ,there he generally not only spent most of the summer1 but often all of autumn and sometimes even up to ,january4 ,in ,moscow1 he generally spent the winter months--from ,november or ,december until ,april and sometimes until ,may4 ,besides this1 for short periods1 ,tolstoi would go to other places4 ,thus1 in ,august1 #ahif1 he visited his sister1 the nun1 ,countess ,m4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 living in the convent of ,shamordino4 ,at times during these years he visited his brother1 ,count ,s4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 who lived on his estate in ,pirogovo in the province of ,tula 7in ,may1 ,july and ,october1 #ahif1 in ,november1 #ahig1 in ,august and ,november1 #ahih1 and in ,may1 #ahii74 ,besides this1 from ,february to ,march1 #ahif1 and from ,february to ,march1 #ahig1 he visited his friends1 the ,olsuphievs1 on their estate1 ,nicholskoe1 near ,moscow2 once he spent two weeks with them1 another time a whole month with an interruption4 ,the interruption was caused by his sudden trip to ,petrograd 7in ,february1 #ahig7 to take leave of his friends1 ,chertkov and ,biriukov1 who were being exiled4 ,at the end of #ahig1 ,tolstoi visited the village ,dolgoe1 and saw the house in which he was born and in which he spent his childhood and boyhood and which in the fifties was sold to be transferred to this village4 ,the month of ,may of #ahih1 ,tolstoi spent in ,grinevka1 the estate of his son1 ,count ,i4 ,l4 ,tolstoi4 ,while living there1 he took charge of the aid to the famine-stricken4 ,from ,grinevka he went by horse to visit his friend1 the landlord1 ,levitsky1 where he fell seriously ill and spent ten days4 ,,iii ,,what ,,tolstoi ,,wrote ,from the period of ,november1 #ahie1 to #ahii ,tolstoi worked on the following manuscripts3a#c ,a4 ,,fiction #a4 ,the novel ,resurrection 7,november1 #ahie-;,february1 #ahif1 ,january-,february1 #ahig1 ,july-,december1 #ahih1 and all of #ahii74 #b4 ,the drama ,the ,light ,that ,shines in ,darkness 7,december1 #ahie--planned it2 ,january-,april1 #ahif2 ,october1 #ahif1 and ,july-,august1 #ahig--planned it74 #c4 ,the novel ,hadji ,murad 7,september1 #ahif2 ,march-,april1 #ahig--planned it2 ,september1 #ahig-;,june1 #ahih74 #d4 ,the story ,father ,sergius 7,june1 #ahih2 ,august1 #ahih--planned it74 ,besides this1 there are indications that he planned during this period3 #e4 ,the story ,who is ,right8 7,november1 #ahig74 #f4 ,notes of a ,madman 7,december1 #ahif1 ,january1 #ahig74 #g4 ,the drama ,the ,living ,corpse 7,december1 #ahig74 #h4 ,the novel ,the ,forged ,coupon 7,june1 #ahih1 ,december1 #ahii74 ,b4 ,,essays #a4 ,the ,christian ,doctrine 7,november-,december1 #ahie1 ,may-,july1 ,september-,december1 #ahif74 #b4 ,shameful 7,december1 #ahie74 #c4 ,a ,letter to the ,italians 7,about the ,abyssinians1 unfinished1 ,march-,april1 #ahif74 #d4 ,what ,is ,art8 7,may-,july1 #ahif--planned it2 ,november1 #ahif-;,april1 #ahig1 ,july1 #ahig-;,february1 #ahih74 #e4 ,how ,to ,read the ,gospels and in ,what ,is ,their ,essence 7,july1 #ahif74 #f4 ,the ,beginning of the ,end 7,september-,october1 #ahif74 #g4 ,on ,war 7unfinished--,november-,december1 #ahif74 #h4 ,the ,appendix to ,the ,appeal1 by ,p4 ,biriukov1 ,i4 ,tregubov and ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov--,help6 7,december1 #ahif74 #i4 ,the ,appeal 7unfinished1 ,january-,april1 #ahig1 ,september1 #ahig-;,april1 #ahih--planned it2 ,may-,july1 #ahih74 #aj4 ,preface to the essay by ,edward ,carpenter1 ,contemporary ,science 7,october1 #ahig-;,february1 #ahih74 #aa4 ,preface to the ,english edition of ,what ,is ,art8 7,april1 #ahih74 #ab4 ,carthago delenda est 7,april1 #ahih74 #ac4 ,is ,there ,famine or ,no ,famine8 7,may-,june1 #ahih74 #ad4 ,two ,wars 7,august1 #ahih74 ,c4 ,,letters 7,those important according to volume and contents74a#d #a4 ,to ,p4 ,v4 ,verigin 7on the harm and benefit of printing74 ,november #ba1 #ahie4 #b4 ,john ,manson 78,patriotism and ,peace074 ,december1 #ahie4 #c4 ,ernest ,crosby 78,on ,non-resistance074 ,december1 #ahie-;,february1 #ahif4 #d4 ,to ,m4 ,a4 ,sopotsko 78,on the ,church ,deception074 ,march #af1 #ahif4 #e4 ,to the ,ministers of ,justice and the ,interior 7on the subject of the arrest of ,mme4 ,m4 ,n4 ,kholevinsky74 ,april #bj1 #ahif4 #f4 ,to ,madame ,a4 ,m4 ,kalmikov 78,a ,letter to the ,liberals074 ,august-,september1 #ahif4 #g4 ,to ,e4 ,schmidt 78,to the editor of a ,german paper074 ,october #ab1 #ahif4 #h4 ,to ,p4 ,v4 ,verigin 7an answer to the objections to printing74 ,october #ad1 #ahif4 #i4 ,to the commander of the ,irkutsk ,disciplinary ,battalion 7on the refusal of ,p4 ,olkhovik and ,c4 ,sereda from military service74 ,october #bb1 #ahif4 #aj4 ,to the ,commander of the ,ekaterinograd ,disciplinary ,battalion 7on the refusal of the ,dukhobors from military service74 ,november #a1 #ahif4 #aa4 ,to the ,countess ,s4 ,a4 ,tolstoi 7on leaving ,yasnaya ,polyana74 ,july #h1 #ahig4 #ab4 ,to the ,swedish papers 7with the suggestion that the ,nobel prize be awarded to the ,dukhobors74 ,august-,september1 #ahig4 #ac4 ,to the ,emperor 7about the ,molokans74 ,october1 #ahig4 #ad4 ,to the ,peterburgskaia ,viedomosti 7about the ,molokans74 ,october1 #ahig4 #ae4 ,to the ,russkia ,viedomosti 7about aid for the famine-stricken74 ,february #ba1 #ahih4 #af4 ,to ,g4 ,h4 ,gibson--of the ,american colony ,georgia 7on agricultural communities74 ,march1 #ahih4 #ag4 ,to the ,russian papers 7on the ,dukhobors74 ,march #bj1 #ahih4 #ah4 ,to the ,english papers 7on the ,dukhobors74 ,march #ah1 #ahih4 #ai4 ,to ,n 78,a letter to an officer074 ,december1 #ahih-;,january1 #ahii4 #bj4 ,to the ,swedish ,group 7on the means for attaining universal peace74 ,january-,february1 #ahii4 #ba4 ,to ,prince ,g4 ,m4 ,volkonsky 78,on the ,transvaal ,war074 ,december #d1 #ahii4 #bb4 ,to ,a4 ,i4 ,dvoriansky 78,on religious education074 ,december #ac1 #ahii4 ,d4 ,,themes 7,mentioned in the ,journal7a#e #a4 8,on ,religious ,education0 7,february #ac1 #ahif1 in answer to a letter of ,v4 ,s4 ,grinevich74 #b4 8,the story of what a man lives through in this life who committed suicide in a past life0 7,february #ac1 #ahif74 #c4 8,pictures of ,samara life3 the steppe1 the struggle between the nomadic patriarchal principle and the agricultural culture0 7,june #ai1 #ahif74 #d4 8,hadji ,murad0 7,july #ai1 #ahif1 under the same title74 #e4 8,suicide of the old man1 ,persianninov0 7,september #ad1 #ahif74 #f4 8,the substitution of a child in an orphan asylum0 7,september #ad1 #ahif74 #g4 8,a wife's deception of her passionate1 jealous husband3 his suffering1 struggle and the enjoyment of forgiveness0 7,november #bb1 #ahif74 #h4 8,a description of the oppression of the serfs and later the same oppression through land ownership1 or rather1 the being deprived of it0 7,november #bb1 #ahif74 #i4 8,notes of a madman0 7,december #bf1 #ahif74 #aj4 8,the theme3 ,a passionate young man in love with a mentally diseased woman0 7,july #af1 #ahig74 #aa4 ,the theme 8,in pendant to ,hadji ,murad03 8,another ,russian outlaw1 ,grigori ,nicholaev0 444 7,november #ad1 #ahig74 #ab4 8,sergius0 7,december #ac1 #ahig1 8,father ,sergius074 #ac4 8,alexander ,i0 7,december #ac1 #ahig1 8,posthumous notes of the monk1 ,fedor ,kuzmich074 #ad4 8,persianninov0 7,december #ac1 #ahig74 #ae4 8,the story of ,petrovich--a man who died a pilgrim0 7,december #ac1 #ahig1 8,korni ,vasiliev074 #af4 8,the legend of the descent of ,christ into ,hell and the resurrection of ,hell0 7,december #ac1 #ahig1 8,the resurrection of ,hell and its destruction074 #ag4 8,the ,forged ,coupon0 7,december #ac1 #ahig1 under the same title74 #ah4 8,a substituted child0 7,december #ac1 #ahig74 #ai4 8,the drama of the ,christian resurrection0 7,december #ac1 #ahig74 #bj4 8,resurrection--the trial of a prostitute0 7,december #ac1 #ahig1 ,resurrection74 #ba4 8,an outlaw killing the defenceless0 7,december #ac1 #ahig74 #bb4 8,mother0 7,december #ac1 #ahig74 #bc4 8,an execution in ,odessa0 7,december #ac1 #ahig1 ,divine and human74 #bd4 8,a bit of fiction1 in which would be clearly expressed the flowing quality of man3 that he1 one and the same man1 is now an evil-doer1 now an angel1 now a wise man1 now an idiot1 now a strong man1 now the most impotent being0 7,march #ba1 #ahih74 #be4 8,everything depends1 to what one directs one's consciousness0 7,november #ad1 #ahih74 #bf4 8,on why the people are corrupted0 7,november #be1 #ahih74 a#c ,this list has been compiled not only from ,tolstoi's ,journal1 but from other sources4 ,as far as can be judged from the ,journal1 ,tolstoi during some months1 while busied with the revision of some one of his manuscripts1 would at the same time not write but only consider some other bit of work2 this kind of creative work is noted in the list as 8planned40 a#d ,all these letters have been printed1 if not in ,russia then abroad2 in those instances where a letter has been printed under a definite title1 that title is enclosed in quotation marks4 a#e ,in parentheses ,i have given the dates in which he mentions the theme and the final title of the theme as it was developed4 ,,iv ,,reflections ,,on ,,tolstoi',s ,,thoughts ,,in ,,the ,,journal ,besides the above mentioned literary labours of ,tolstoi1 his thought life ought to be mentioned which at first found expression in his note-book and from which later he would transcribe those thoughts into his ,journal which appeared to him valuable4 ,these thoughts were sometimes1 as we say1 absolutely accidental1 sometimes they were called forth by conversations with various people and sometimes they were the responses to outer events4 ,the greater part of them came in connection with some work on hand or one which he was planning1 or were for some inner clarification or spiritual discussion of problems which1 above all1 agitated and interested him4 ,of the thoughts which came in connection with his works on hand from #ahif to #ahii1 a sufficiently important number can be pointed out as auxiliary thoughts for the thinking over and working out of his 8,catechism0 7or the 8,christian ,doctrine072 such were a number of thoughts about faith1 ,christian doctrine1 sin1 etc4 ,a great number of thoughts on art appeared in connection with his contemplated work1 ,what ,is ,art8 ,on the conclusion of this work there are almost no thoughts on art in the ,journal4 ,many thoughts were entered for ,the ,appeal1 i4e41 for the purpose of including them in the contemplated manuscript but which was never finished in that form4 ,rarely1 thoughts are met in the ,journal which are in connection with his work on some literary topic4 ,besides the thoughts which appeared in connection with his writings1 one meets in the ,journal1 as was said above1 such thoughts which appeared during the period of intense clarification of the various problems of his personal and family life4 ,in connection with the observations which he lived through and experienced1 ,tolstoi quite often wrote down his own spiritual state1 his personal sufferings and the right attitude that he should take towards them4 ,at one time1 he was occupied especially with the problem of the philosophic definition of time and space and he wrote down his thoughts on this theme quite often4 ,at another time1 he was interested in the problem of error1 of whether the outer world was such as it appeared4 ,quite often he noted his thoughts on the themes3 ,on ,god1 on the meaning of life1 on the difference between the spiritual and the animal life1 on reason1 on prayer4 ,quite often1 at this time1 thoughts came to him about the given work of ,god1 about service to ,god1 about love in general and about love towards enemies in particular4 ,besides this1 there are scattered in the whole ,journal for the four mentioned years1 various thoughts on the sex-problem--on falling in love1 on women1 on marriage--and also quite a number of thoughts on illness1 on death1 on the unjust life of the rich1 on memory and on many other subjects4 ,sometimes one finds thoughts in the ,journal which appear in connection with the books that he was reading2 for instance1 there are several thoughts called forth by the reading of the philosophic works of ,schopenhauer and ,spier4 ,the fact that there are few notes in the ,journal about the books that had been read or were being read is1 of course1 no sign that ,tolstoi read little4 ,it is sufficient to open his book1 ,what ,is ,art1 to convince oneself as to the enormous amount of books that were read and studied by ,tolstoi on the one theme of art alone for this work2 nevertheless1 there are very few of them mentioned in the ,journal4 ,v ,,some ,,features ,,from ,,the ,,spiritual ,,domain ,,of ,,tolstoi',s ,,lifea#f ,in due time1 when absolutely all ,tolstoi's ,journals and letters and all his writings which have not yet appeared will be printed1 and also when all the unused material about him1 that literary inheritance in all its enormous volume1 will be made use of1 then it will be possible to carefully study the great process of the growth of ,tolstoi's soul4 ,at the present moment1 when a great number of ,tolstoi's writings and the reminiscences about him are not yet published1 it is impossible to really penetrate the whole depth and breadth of ,tolstoi's spirit4 ,at present1 it is only possible to throw light on the general characteristics of several separate sides of his inner life1 in one or several of its periods4 ,therefore1 this short sketch of ,tolstoi's life at the end of the nineties1 which deals not only with his outer but with his inner life1 does in no way intend to give an exhaustive exposition of his varied and complicated spiritual states4 ,in the description which is here placed of several features of ,tolstoi's spiritual life1 the principal attention is given to that state1 which for over three years almost constantly dominated ,tolstoi1 in connection with one of the most lasting and torturing periods of intense spiritual suffering in the domain of his domestic life4 ,such periods happened to ,tolstoi even before1 in the seventies and in the eighties and in the very last years of his life4 ,of course1 the description of only one feature of ,tolstoi's inner life1 cannot be an indication that he had not other kinds of spiritual states1 not connected with his home life4 ,the numerous and extensive entries in the ,journal testify that ,tolstoi often experienced states of high religious exaltation and of intimate spiritual union and fusion with ,god1 as well as states of the earnest seeking of the path towards perfection1 flowing from a sharp discontent with himself and a repentance for his errors and weaknesses 7quite often the states were called forth by spiritual suffering74 ,in this sketch are emphasised and brought forth the logical connection of at least one most torturing feature of his inner life1 which is reflected in disconnected brilliant entries in his ,journal--features which show the cross that he bore for the last thirty years of his life4 ,the time has not yet come for a full description of all the sides and conditions of ,tolstoi's life1 and therefore the intimate places have been omitted in the present edition of the ,journal4 ,in consequence1 the reader will not find an exhaustive description in these chapters of the personal life of ,tolstoi which is connected with his family relations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,from #ahie to #ahii ,tolstoi lived through much spiritual suffering and struggle1 and during this time he was ill quite often4 ,if one carefully followed all the entries in the ,journal1 then it would clearly be seen that almost all his severe illnesses came after depressing inner experiences4 ,with the strength of his deep religiousness1 ,tolstoi invariably strove to use1 in the best spiritual sense1 all the trials which were given to him as his lot1 physical as well as spiritual1 and through intense inner labour he generally at the end succeeded in converting all his sufferings1 to use his own language1 to the joy of fulfilling the will of ,god4 99 99 99 99 99 ,at the end of #ahie1 ,tolstoi was earnestly occupied with the plot of his drama1 ,the ,light that ,shines in ,darkness2 this plot agitated him so that he even dreamed of it and he raved about it in his sleep4 ,this can be easily understood in view of the fact that there are many autobiographic elements in this drama4 ,and so he wrote in the ,journal that he 8lived through much10 in reading over1 at the request of his wife1 his journals for the past seven years4a#g ,at the same time1 ,tolstoi complains several times in his ,journal of his general indisposition1 of his weakness1 and of his lack of energy4 ,in the course of the three years1 from #ahif to #ahih1 ,tolstoi often experienced a fall of spirit1 strong attacks of sorrow and torturing agony4 ,the greatest part of his suffering was caused by the lack of understanding of several people near to him1 either for his point of view or for his inner life1a#h and because of the 8emptiness of his surrounding life40a#i ,he even felt 8hatred0 for himselfa#aj and he was burdened by his part in the 8unjust1 idle1 luxuriousa#aa life40 ,but here the thought would come to him that he had to suffer humiliation1a#ab and at times he created supplementary thoughts1 which in fun he called 8prescriptions0 for his spiritual suffering4a#ac ,on ,december #b1 #ahif1 ,tolstoi wrote in his ,journal3 8,this is my condition 444 oh1 this luxury1 this richness1 this absence of care about the material life64440 ,the thought that this indeed was his task1 given to him1 had a calming effect4 ,he tried to look on the conditions in which he was placed as upon a test of humbleness1 8humiliation40 ,but 8in chains1 in a prison1 one can pride oneself on one's humiliation0--he wrote--8but here it is only painful1 unless one accepts it as a trial sent by ,god40a#ad ,the calm state which was created through the influence of these thoughts was only short-lived4 ,his heart began soon again to pain and he 8wants to cry over himself1 over the remnant of his life which is being futilely ruined40a#ae ,his surrounding lifea#af which tortured him called forth long periods of agony1 dejection and fall of spirits4 ,but with the thoughts about love towards enemies1a#ag there came to him the urge to look upon his work1 as the work of love which was given to him1 and again peace possessed him1 8because a loving one40a#ah ,but soon again this peace became principally an outer one1 and within himself he again wavered4a#ai ,again he is 8ashamed and depressed because of the consciousness of the lawlessness of his life40a#bj ,after a month1 he makes an entry in his ,journal1 but tears it out1 putting only the words1 8,a bad and sterile month0 and adds1 8,have torn out1 burned1 what ,i have written in heat40a#ba ,then for a long time he wrote nothing1 and during this time he 8lived through much that was difficult and good40a#bb ,on the #hth of ,july he wrote his very famous letter to his wife1 which she received after his death1a#bc which began with the words1 8,it is already a long time that ,i am tortured by the lack of harmony between my life and my beliefs0 and in which further on he wrote about his decision to do that which 8he had wanted to do for a long time3 to go away40 ,but no matter how difficult the conditions of his family life were at this time1 they were not yet sufficiently ripe to bring him over to a definite decision to leave his family1 and to fulfil his ancient dream of life in more simple conditions among working people4 ,and in view of the fact that he decided to change his decision1 he gave the above-mentioned letter for safe-keeping to his son-in-law1 ,prince ,n4 ,l4 ,obolensky1 with the request to give it to the one designated1 when he was no longer among the living4 ,although ,tolstoi remained this time in ,yasnaya ,polyana1 his life among master-class conditions did not cease to burden him even for a short time1 and he felt himself alone1a#bd he often experienced sorrow as before1 and in spirit he felt 8solemn10 8gloomy40a#be ,at the end of that year 7#ahig71 he wrote the thought in his ,journal1 of the tragedy of the situation of 8a man kindly disposed wishing only the good0 but who in return meets only 8hissing malice and the hatred of people40a#bf ,and soon again he writes in his ,journal that he is in an agonised1 sad1 crushed state1a#bg which1 however1 he is trying to fight off with all his strength4 78,the house is depressing but ,i want to and will be joyous40a#bh7 ,but this inner struggle in spiritual isolation was of course not easy1 and demanded great spiritual strength before it could be fully successful4 ,he was constantly tortured by the injustice of his surrounding life and his own almost futile situation in this life2 and he becomes 8at times good and calm1 at times uneasy and not good40a#bi ,in this state he often wants to cry1a#cj and only in time does his condition become less agitated and sometimes even entirely calm4 ,in the summer of #ahih1 ,tolstoi was twice seriously ill4 ,after these illnesses he entered in his ,journal the joy of getting well and a clearness of thinking4 ,soon after this he underwent new spiritual experiences and in ,july1 #ahih1 he again considered going away from the conditions of life in ,yasnaya ,polyana which were depressing and which were against his philosophy4 ,he then wrote a letter to ,a4 ,a4 ,jrnefelt and made a note in the ,journal that he has no strength to withstand the customary temptation1a#ca i4 e41 the desire to go away2 it was to ,jrnefelt that he turned with the request to help him in his plan of going away which he was then considering4 ,but this time also1 8the temptation passed10 as he wrote him later4 ,and again his life flowed on as before4 ,the thought of 8going away0 came to ,tolstoi more than once1 both early and late1 but he considered it a temptation because it would have been spiritually much more easy for him to go away than to refrain from this step4 ,as he expressed himself once1 he believed that when there is a doubt in one's soul1 as to which one of two possible steps one should take1 then it were better to give preference to that one in which there is the greatest self-sacrifice4 ,in #ahii1 ,tolstoi felt himself spiritually improved and notwithstanding his severely undermined health1 he occupied himself much and fruitfully with ,resurrection4 ,in the autumn of that year he made the entry in the ,journal1 8,i have wrought for myself a calm which is not to be disturbed3 not to speak and to know that this is necessary3 that it is under these conditions one ought to live40a#cb ,only ten years later1 the circumstances arose which freed ,tolstoi from the consciousness of the moral responsibility to remain in the conditions of his home life4 ,and having come to the conclusion of the absolute inevitability of going away1 he dared1 only ten days before his end1 to freely give himself to his cherished wish to change the outer conditions of his life4 a#f ,i consider it absolutely necessary to mention that this exposition has been carefully revised by ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov1 who1 having been connected with ,tolstoi by a friendship of many years1 was closely acquainted with the home conditions of his outer life1 as well as with the most intimate characteristic of his inner life4 a#g ,november #e1 #ahie1 page #e4 a#h ,may #ag1 #ahif1 page #df4 a#i ,may #bh1 #ahif1 page #eb4 a#aj ,june #bf1 #ahif1 page #fj4 a#aa ,june #ai1 #ahif1 page #eh4 a#ab ,july #ca1 #ahif1 page #fi4 a#ac ,october #bj1 #ahif1 page #hc2 ,november #e1 page #hh1 and ,november #bj1 #ahig1 page #aga4 a#ad ,december #bj1 #ahif1 page #ajh4 a#ae ,december #ba1 #ahif1 page #ajh4 a#af ,january #ah1 #ahig1 page #aag4 a#ag ,march #a1 #ahig1 page #ace4 a#ah ,march #i1 #ahig1 page #acf4 a#ai ,april #d1 page #acg1 and ,april #i1 #ahig1 page #aci4 a#bj ,april #d1 #ahig1 page #acg4 a#ba ,may #c1 #ahig1 page #aci4 a#bb ,july #af1 #ahig1 page #adj4 a#bc ,this letter was published in many editions among others in the ,letters of ,tolstoi to his ,wife1 ,moscow1 #aiac1 pages #ebd-ebf4 a#bd ,july #af1 #ahig1 page #adj4 a#be ,july #ag1 page #adb2 ,october #bb1 page #afb2 ,november #bh1 page #agf1 and further4 a#bf ,november #bh1 #ahig1 page #agg4 a#bg ,december #b1 #ahig1 page #agg4 a#bh ,december #ac1 #ahig1 page #ahb4 a#bi ,january #ac1 #ahih1 page #aie4 a#cj ,april #ab1 #ahih1 page #bai4 a#ca ,july #ag1 #ahih1 page #bdd4 a#cb ,september #bh1 #ahii1 page #bgg4 ,,index ,,index 8,about ,patriotism10 ,tolstoi's letter to ,manson1 pp4 #ai1 #cid2 note #cf4 ,abrikosov1 ,kh4 ,n41 note #afg4 ,adam1 ,paul1 p4 #bch2 note #cdj4 ,adult1 the1 a magazine1 p4 #aic2 note #bhj4 ,africa1 p4 #aff4 ,agatha ,michailovna1 maid to ,tolstoi's grandmother1 p4 #chh4 ,aggeev1 ,aphanasi1 p4 #afb2 note #bcg4 ,akime1 peasant1 p4 #ei4 ,alexander ,i1 ,emperor1 p4 #ahb4 ,alexander ,petrovich1 see ,ivanov4 ,alexeev1 ,i41 note #abi4 ,algerian ,disciplinary ,battalion1 note #chj4 ,ambrose1 ,holy ,man of ,optina1 p4 #agf2 notes #beg1 #beh4 ,america1 pp4 #ad1 #af1 #bda1 #bhf2 notes #dj1 #if1 #acd1 #agg1 #agh1 #bba1 #bie1 #cdc1 #ceg4 ,american1 the1 see ,hall4 ,americans1 the1 p4 #fa4 ,amsterdam1 note #ah4 ,andrusha1 see ,tolstoi1 ,a4 ,l41 ,count4 ,anna ,karenin1 ,tolstoi's novel1 note #ahb4 ,annenkov1 ,k4 ,n41 note #ajd4 ,annenkov1 pp4 #fj1 #add1 #bdj1 #bdc2 notes #ajd1 #agg4 8,aphorisms10 ,schopenhauer1 p4 #h2 note #bd4 ,aphremovs1 landlords1 p4 #bcb2 note #cbc4 8,appendix1 the0 7by ,l4 ,tolstoi7 to ,chekhov's story1 ,dushechka 7,darling71 note #agg4 8,appendix1 the0 7by ,l4 ,tolstoi7 to ,e4 ,i4 ,popov's book1 ,life and ,death of ,e4 ,n4 ,drozhin1 note #ch4 ,archer1 p4 #bef2 note #cfe4 ,archives1 ,tolstoi's1 manuscript edition of the ,nineties1 notes #g1 #afg1 #cdg4 ,arensky1 ,a4 ,s41 p4 #if2 note #aed4 ,aristophanes1 p4 #ha4 ,aristotle1 p4 #acj4 ,arkhangelsky1 ,a4 ,i41 p4 #aac2 note #afg4 ,arkhangelsky1 ,andre ,dimitrievich1 p4 #bhi2 note #cia4 ,arnold1 ,matthew1 note #ahb4 ,azov ,sea1 p4 #bah4 ,baburino village1 p4 #ei2 note #ajc4 ,bach1 ,johann ,sebastian1 pp4 #ee1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #abh2 note #aec4 ,bacon1 ,francis1 p4 #aff4 8,ballade10 ,chopin's1 p4 #if4 ,barcelona1 note #add4 ,bastyevo1 station1 p4 #bcj2 notes #caa1 #cah4 ,bausk1 ,province of ,courland1 p4 #chi2 note #agc4 ,bavarian1 the1 p4 #bee4 ,bazhenov1 ,i4 ,r41 p4 #f2 note #ag4 ,bedborough1 editor of ,the ,adult1 p4 #aic2 note #bhj4 ,beethoven1 ,ludvig1 pp4 #ee1 #fj1 #hj1 #ajb1 #ajc1 #abh1 #aeb4 8,beginning of the ,end1 the10 article by ,l4 ,tolstoi 7preface to the letter of a ,hollander71 pp4 #gj1 #cic2 note #abe4 ,behrs1 ,a4 ,a41 p4 #ahf4 ,behrs1 ,s4 ,a4 78,stepa071 p4 #abb4 ,beller1 ,l4 ,a41 p4 #afj4 ,bnard1 p4 #acj4 ,berkeley1 ,george1 p4 #ge4 ,bieli1 ,constantine1 see ,zyabrev4 ,bielinsky1 ,v4 ,g41 p4 #dc2 note #gi4 ,bielopolie1 ,province of ,kharkov1 note #acd4 8,bigarrure0 by ,arensky1 p4 #if4 ,biography of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 compiled by ,p4 ,i4 ,biriukov1 notes #b1 #cd1 #he1 #ajb1 #aad1 #aai1 #ahj1 #bec4 ,biriukov1 ,p4 ,i4 7,posha71 pp4 #g1 #h1 #ec1 #eh1 #ajh1 #abe1 #abg1 #acf1 #ade1 #adf1 #ahe1 #aie1 #bcj1 #bcg1 #chi2 notes #i1 #ai1 #bc1 #acg1 #afj1 #agc1 #bai1 #bcf1 #beg1 #big1 #cec1 #chd4 ,black ,sea1 the1 p4 #bah4 8,blunders of ,fear1 the10 an article by ,m4 ,o4 ,menshikov1 p4 #cg2 note #gd4 ,bobriki1 village1 p4 #bbh2 note #cje4 ,boccaccio1 p4 #bbc4 ,bochkarev1 p4 #e2 notes #aa1 #ad4 ,bondarev1 ,t4 ,m41 pp4 #ec1 #ahe1 #cij2 note #ij4 ,boulanger1 ,p4 ,a41 pp4 #ie1 #acf1 #add1 #adf1 #afj1 #afa1 #aga1 #aie1 #bcg1 #chi2 notes #cd1 #acd1 #aej1 #bai4 ,bourgas1 ,bulgaria1 note #afg4 ,boyhood1 ,tolstoi's novel1 note #aai4 ,brahmins1 p4 #ge4 ,brashnin1 ,i4 ,p41 pp4 #bai1 #chi2 note #cja4 ,bronnitsk1 district of 7,province of ,moscow71 note #afg4 ,budapest1 note #ef4 ,buddha1 p4 #ha4 ,bulakhov1 ,p4 ,a41 pp4 #add1 #aie2 note #baa4 ,bulgaria1 p4 #bcg2 notes #df1 #afg4 8,bulletins of the ,tolstoi ,museum ,society10 note #ade4 ,buzuluk1 district of 7,province of ,samara71 note #bbb4 ,california1 note #acd4 ,canada1 notes #ceg1 #cfg1 #cge4 ,carpenter1 pp4 #he1 #bjf2 note #ace4 8,carthago ,delenda ,est10 article by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 pp4 #bai1 #bba1 #cic2 note #cjb4 ,carus1 editor1 ,the ,open ,court1 p4 #adc2 note #bjf4 8,catechism10 see 8,christian ,doctrine1 the40 ,caucasus1 pp4 #beh1 #cij2 notes #i1 #aie1 #bba1 #bdj1 #cjj1 #ceg1 #cfd1 #cfg4 ,chekhov1 ,a4 ,p41 p4 #ahf2 note #agg4 ,cherinov1 ,m4 ,p41 note #cid4 ,cherni 7,province of ,tula71 p4 #bca2 note #cjc4 ,chernigovitz 7,vishnecsky71 ,f4 ,v41 note #bd4 ,chernishevsky1 ,n4 ,g41 p4 #dc2 note #ha4 ,chernov1 a ,dukhobor1 note #cjj4 ,chertkov1 ,a4 ,c4 7,galia71 pp4 #ef1 #agd1 #age1 #aha1 #bcg2 notes #cd1 #db1 #ig1 #bjb1 #bcj1 #cja1 #cch4 ,chertkov1 ,e4 ,i41 p4 #adi2 note #bbf4 ,chertkov1 ,v4 ,g41 pp4 #ai1 #be1 #ca1 #fa1 #hg1 #hi1 #ajf1 #abd1 #acc1 #adj1 #adb1 #add1 #aeb1 #aec1 #aeh1 #afj1 #afa1 #agc1 #agh1 #aha1 #ahc1 #ahf1 #ahi1 #aie1 #aih1 #bbf1 #bcg1 #bdg1 #bec1 #bef1 #cfi1 #cic1 #djj2 notes #cd1 #dh1 #ed1 #hj1 #afj1 #agc1 #agf1 #aij1 #aib1 #bjj1 #bai1 #bbf1 #bbi1 #bca1 #bcd1 #bdj1 #bfd1 #bfi1 #bgh1 #bic1 #cjj1 #cji1 #cab1 #ccc1 #cdc1 #cdg1 #cee1 #ceh1 #cfe1 #cgd1 #cgf1 #cha1 #cid4 ,chertkovs 7the 8,exiles10 8to ,england10 8from ,england071 pp4 #ad1 #ef1 #fe1 #gj1 #ajj1 #abd1 #aci1 #ahb1 #bcc2 notes #ajg1 #agd1 #aib1 #aig1 #aih1 #bjc1 #baj1 #bgc1 #bhj1 #bhb1 #cbh1 #ced4 ,chicago1 notes #bjf1 #cdc4 ,china1 p4 #bab2 note #cec4 ,chizhov1 ,s4 ,p41 p4 #ahe2 note #bgj4 ,chopin1 p4 #if4 ,chorvatia1 note #df4 ,christ1 pp4 #ac1 #fj1 #fd1 #fe1 #ha1 #ada1 #afi1 #bja1 #bba1 #bdj1 #bdc1 #bde1 #bgf1 #bgg1 #cig2 notes #aaa1 #aea1 #agg1 #aib1 #bhd1 #cgb4 ,christian1 pp4 #aje1 #bba4 8,christian ,doctrine1 the10 by ,l4 ,tolstoi 78,catechism10 8,declaration of ,faith071 pp4 #e1 #h1 #ad1 #be1 #bi1 #ca1 #cb1 #ce1 #cg1 #eb1 #ef1 #eh1 #fa1 #gj1 #gd1 #he1 #hg1 #ij1 #bfb1 #cic1 #cih2 notes #d1 #hc1 #ie1 #ajh1 #aij1 #bfb4 ,christianity1 pp4 #gd1 #he1 #afc1 #afd1 #bac1 #bbj1 #bba1 #bcd4 8,chromatic ,fantasy and ,fugue10 by ,bach1 p4 #if2 note #aec4 ,clara1 ,st41 note #agg4 ,collected ,works of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 edited by ,p4 ,i4 ,biriukov1 published by ,sytin1 subscribed edition 7#bj volumes71 notes #e1 #bg1 #aaa1 #acd1 #afj1 #bch1 #big1 #cca2 popular edition 7#bd volumes71 notes #e1 #bg1 #fd1 #aaa1 #acd1 #afj1 #bbb1 #bch1 #big4 ,commander1 the1 of the ,ekaterinograd 78,caucasian07 ,disciplinary ,battalion1 pp4 #hi1 #cid2 note #acg4 ,commander1 the1 of the ,irkutsk ,disciplinary ,battalion1 pp4 #he1 #cid2 note #acd4 8,concerning the ,attitude towards the ,state10 by ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 note #abf4 8,contemporary ,science10 article by ,carpenter1 p4 #he2 note #ace4 ,conversation with ,nicodemus1 p4 #dj4 ,copernicus1 p4 #hc4 ,corinthians1 the message of the ,apostle ,paul to the1 p4 #bcb4 ,corneille1 pp4 #be1 #cj4 8,corpse1 the10 see 8,the ,living ,corpse40 8,correspondence of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi with ,n4 ,n4 ,strakhov10 note #dg4 8,correspondence of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi with the ,countess ,a4 ,a4 ,tolstoi10 note #agf4 8,coupon10 see ,the ,forged ,coupon4 ,cracow1 note #ec4 ,crookes1 ,william1 p4 #adc2 note #bjd4 ,crosby1 pp4 #af1 #ai1 #ba1 #add1 #ahe1 #bdj1 #cid2 notes #cg1 #dj1 #bae1 #bif4 8,crucifix10 duet by ,faure1 p4 #ajd2 note #afb4 ,cyprus1 notes #cec1 #ceg4 8,daily ,bread10 story by ,f4 ,f4 ,tischenko1 p4 #if2 note #aef4 ,dante ,alighieri1 p4 #ajc4 ,darwin1 ,charles1 p4 #gd4 ,davydov1 ,n4 ,v41 p4 #ba2 note #di4 ,decadents1 the1 pp4 #ajb1 #add4 8,declaration of ,faith1 the10 see 8,christian ,doctrine1 the40 ,deibner1 ,a41 the publisher1 note #cf4 ,de-,kuh1 note #bcc4 ,demenka1 village1 p4 #fj2 note #ajg4 ,denisenko1 ,e4 ,s41 ,tolstoy's niece1 note #beg4 ,derzhavin1 ,g4 ,r41 note #cig4 ,descartes1 ,ren1 pp4 #hc1 #hi4 ,desert of ,optina1 the1 notes #aba1 #beg1 #beh4 ,devil1 the1 ,tolstoy's story1 note #cdf4 ,dieterichs1 the1 pp4 #bcg1 #bdd4 ,dieterichs1 ,j4 ,k41 note #cch4 ,dieterichs1 ,m4 ,k41 note #cch4 ,dieterichs1 ,o4 ,c41 see ,tolstoi1 ,o4 ,c41 ,countess4 ,divine and the ,human1 the1 ,tolstoy's story1 note #bff4 ,dobroliubov1 ,n4 ,a41 p4 #dc2 note #ha4 ,dolgoe1 the town1 p4 #ahj2 note #bfa4 ,don1 district of the1 note #ij4 ,dragomirov1 ,m4 ,i41 p4 #ia2 note #ade4 ,drozhin1 ,e4 ,n41 p4 #af2 notes #ch1 #bjg4 ,dubrovin1 ,m4 ,n41 p4 #aih4 ,dubrovsky1 p4 #aih4 ,dukhobors1 pp4 #e1 #ia1 #aad1 #aag1 #adh1 #aic1 #baa1 #bbb1 #bdj1 #bdc1 #bdg1 #bec1 #bef1 #bfi1 #chi1 #cij1 #cid1 #cie2 notes #i1 #acj1 #acd1 #add1 #aee1 #afj1 #agc1 #agg1 #aie1 #bai1 #bbj1 #bba1 #bdj1 #bgi1 #big1 #cjj1 #cjd1 #cab1 #cdc1 #cdf1 #cec1 #ceg1 #cfc1 #cfd1 #cfe1 #cfg1 #cge1 #cha4 ,dumas1 ,alexander1 note #if4 ,dunaev1 ,a4 ,n41 pp4 #f1 #ie1 #acf1 #aci1 #bcg1 #bdc2 notes #ae1 #aif1 #cja4 ,duniasha1 the peasant girl1 p4 #aeg4 ,dushan1 see ,makovitsky4 ,dvoriansky1 ,a4 ,p41 the teacher1 p4 #cie4 ,egorov1 ,f4 ,r41 p4 #chh4 ,egypt1 note #cg4 ,ekaterinograd 78,caucasian07 ,disciplinary ,battalion1 ,the1 pp4 #hg1 #hi1 #cid2 notes #acg1 #bgi4 ,elias1 the prophet1 p4 #fd4 ,engelhardt1 ,m4 ,a41 p4 #bic2 note #cih4 ,england1 pp4 #ad1 #ahe1 #bab1 #bcc1 #bdj2 notes #bg1 #ca1 #cf1 #ch1 #hj1 #ia1 #abe1 #acj1 #acb1 #afj1 #aie1 #aig1 #bca1 #bdj1 #bfd1 #bfi1 #bgh1 #big1 #cab1 #cba1 #cci1 #cdb1 #cdc1 #cec1 #cge1 #cgi1 #cha4 ,englishmen1 ,the1 pp4 #fa1 #aff4 ,english papers1 p4 #baa4 ,epictetus1 pp4 #bdb1 #bfa4 8,epilogue1 the 7by ,l4 ,tolstoi7 to the appeal #8,help6'0 pp4 #ajj1 #cic2 note #afj4 ,ergolsky1 ,t4 ,a41 note #agg4 ,ertel1 ,a4 ,i41 p4 #ba2 note #ej4 8,l',esthetique d',aristotle10 ,bnard1 p4 #acj4 ,europe1 p4 #afd4 ,europeans1 the1 p4 #ga4 ,evgenie ,ivanovich1 see ,popov1 ,e4 ,i4 ,exiles1 the1 see ,chertkovs4 ,factory hands1 p4 #ajj4 8,famine or ,no ,famine10 the article by ,tolstoi 78,on the ,people's ,condition071 pp4 #bcb1 #bcf1 #cic2 notes #cba1 #cbe1 #cce4 ,famine-,stricken1 ,the1 pp4 #bbb1 #bgj1 #cij1 #cia1 #cie2 notes #cjc1 #cje1 #cjf1 #cac1 #cbj1 #cba1 #cbe1 #ccg1 #chb4 ,father ,sergius1 a story by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 pp4 #ahb1 #bcc1 #bcf1 #bdc1 #cib1 #cif2 notes #agg1 #bff1 #cbg1 #cdf4 ,faure1 ,jean ,baptiste1 p4 #ajd2 note #afb4 ,fet 7,shenshin71 ,a4 ,a41 p4 #fd2 notes #bd1 #aad4 ,fire ,refugees1 ,the1 p4 #fj4 ,forged ,coupon1 the1 ,tolstoi's story 7,coupon1 ,the71 pp4 #ahb1 #bcd1 #bif1 #cib1 #cig2 notes #agg1 #bdd1 #bff1 #cbi1 #djj4 ,fortnightly ,review1 an ,english magazine1 note #ahb4 ,fortress of ,peter and ,paul1 p4 #chi2 note #aib4 ,four ,gospels1 harmonized1 translated and studied1 ,tolstoi's work1 note #bhi4 ,francis of ,assisi1 note #agg4 8,free ,press1 the10 pp4 #fd1 #bgj2 notes #g1 #big1 #bih4 ,free ,press1 ,the1 publishing house of ,a4 and ,v4 ,chertkov1 notes #d1 #i1 #ca1 #ch1 #ia1 #abe1 #abf1 #acj1 #acb1 #acd1 #afj1 #bfi1 #cab4 ,frenchman1 the1 p4 #f4 ,gaideburov1 ,v4 ,p41 p4 #bdj2 note #cdd4 ,galia1 see ,chertkov1 ,a4 ,c4 ,galileo1 p4 #hc4 ,gay1 ,n4 ,n41 the artist1 notes #hj1 #aci4 ,gay1 ,n4 ,n41 the artist's son 78,kolechka10 8,kolichka071 pp4 #hg1 #bfi1 #bga1 #bhc4 ,gendarme1 p4 #ef2 note #ih4 ,geneva1 note #bbj4 ,george1 ,henry1 p4 #ef2 notes #cg1 #if4 ,georgia1 the ,american agricultural colony1 pp4 #baa1 #cie2 note #bif4 ,germans1 the1 pp4 #add1 #bab1 #bgc4 ,germany1 note #ff4 ,gibson1 p4 #cie2 note #bif4 ,gill's ,factory1 p4 #cc2 note #gj4 ,ginzburg1 ,i4 ,j41 p4 #add2 notes #ach1 #bad4 8,god10 ,derzhavin's ,ode1 note #cig4 ,goethe1 ,wolfgang1 pp4 #ed1 #ajc1 #abh2 note #id4 ,gogol1 ,n4 ,v41 note #gi4 ,goldenweiser1 ,a4 ,b41 pp4 #if1 #add2 note #aeb4 ,goldingen 7government of ,courland71 p4 #chi2 note #agc4 ,golitsin1 ,g4 ,s41 prince1 p4 #beh2 note #cfg4 ,gorbunov 7,posadov71 ,i4 ,i41 pp4 #abd1 #aii1 #bdd2 notes #adi1 #afg1 #cej4 ,gorbunov1 ,n4 ,i41 notes #adi1 #cej4 ,gorbunovs1 pp4 #ie1 #bdd4 ,gorchakov1 ,e4 ,s41 ,princess1 p4 #ajj2 note #aeg4 ,goremykin1 ,i4 ,l41 note #fd4 ,gorokhov1 the landlord1 note #bfa4 ,gospel in ,brief1 ,the1 by ,l4 ,tolstoy1 note #bae4 ,gospels1 the1 pp4 #fj1 #fa1 #abh1 #aea1 #aff1 #agi1 #bfc2 note #aaa4 ,granovsky1 ,t4 ,n41 p4 #dc2 note #gh4 ,grave1 p4 #bjf2 note #bib4 ,grevenhagen1 the ,dutch city1 note #bcc4 ,grinevich1 ,v4 ,s41 pp4 #bb1 #cie2 note #ed4 ,grinevka1 the estate of ,count ,i4 ,l4 ,tolstoi1 pp4 #bba1 #bbc1 #bbf1 #bbh1 #bcj1 #bca1 #cia2 notes #cjc1 #cje1 #cbc4 ,grot1 ,n4 ,j41 pp4 #afb1 #afc1 #aga1 #agc1 #agf1 #aii2 notes #bch1 #bee1 #bfe1 #bih4 ,gubarevka1 village1 pp4 #bbf1 #bbh4 ,gubonin 78,the ,teacher071 p4 #bbf2 note #cad4 ,gulenko1 ,m4 ,f41 p4 #aii2 note #bhf4 ,gulliver1 p4 #afd4 ,gusev1 ,n4 ,n41 note #bcg4 ,hadji-,murad1 pp4 #fb1 #gj1 #he1 #acf1 #acg1 #aeb1 #aeh1 #afd1 #aff1 #agb1 #agd1 #ahb1 #ahf1 #aie1 #aih1 #baj1 #baf1 #bai1 #bbf1 #bcj1 #cib1 #cif2 notes #aab1 #abb1 #bff4 ,hadji ,murad1 a ,caucasian mountaineer1 pp4 #fb1 #gj1 #ahb1 #baf2 note #aab4 ,hague ,peace ,conference1 note #cgh4 ,hall 78,american1 the071 p4 #abe2 note #agh4 ,heath1 p4 #adi2 note #bbe4 8,help60 the appeal by ,p4 ,i4 ,biriukov1 ,i4 ,m4 ,tregubov1 and ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov1 notes #afj1 #agc4 ,helsingfors1 note #cdg4 ,herzen1 ,a4 ,i41 p4 #dc2 note #hj4 ,hindus1 the1 pp4 #ga1 #hc4 ,history of ,music1 the1 p4 #ajc4 ,holland1 p4 #g2 note #bcc4 ,hollander1 the1 see ,vanderveer4 ,holy ,scriptures1 p4 #abh4 ,homer1 p4 #ajc4 ,hour of the ,will of ,god1 a story by ,n4 ,s4 ,lieskov1 note #ccj4 8,how to read ,gospels and in what is their essence10 by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 pp4 #fa1 #cic2 note #aaa4 ,hungary1 pp4 #agh1 #chi2 notes #h1 #de1 #df1 #bei4 ,igumnov1 ,j4 ,i4 78,julie071 p4 #bhi2 note #cij4 ,ilinsky1 a landowner1 p4 #bbf2 note #cjh4 ,ilya1 ,iliusha1 see ,tolstoi1 ,i4 ,l41 ,count4 8,l'individu et la ,socit10 by ,jean ,grave1 p4 #bjf4 ,initials1 the1 substituting names and surnames1 see ,n1 ,,nn4 8,international ,tolstoi ,almanac1 the1 on ,tolstoi10 compiled by ,p4 ,a4 ,sergienko1 notes #ef1 #acj1 #agh1 #bjf4 ,introduction to ,the ,story of a ,mother by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 note #bff4 ,ioga's ,philosophy1 by ,viveknanda1 p4 #ga2 note #abg4 ,irkutsk1 note #acd4 ,irkutsk1 the disciplinary battalion of1 p4 #cid2 note #acd4 ,ivan ,mikhailovich1 see ,tregubov4 ,ivanov1 ,alexander ,petrovich1 p4 #afc2 note #bci4 ,iversk1 ikon of1 p4 #bge4 ,jacob1 p4 #ha4 ,japan1 p4 #bab4 ,japanese1 the1 note #bae4 ,japanese1 the 7plural71 pp4 #gd1 #hj4 ,jrnefelt1 ,a4 ,a41 pp4 #bdd1 #djf2 notes #cdg1 #cej4 ,joseph1 biblical1 p4 #ha4 ,juriev 7,dorpat71 a city1 note #cgi4 ,jushkova1 ,n4 ,m41 p4 #abi2 note #ahc4 ,kalmikov1 ,mme4 ,a4 ,m41 pp4 #gj1 #hg1 #cid2 note #abf4 ,kaluga1 note #cej4 ,kamenka1 a village1 p4 #bbf2 note #cje4 ,kansas 7in ,america71 note #bie4 ,kant1 ,immanuel1 pp4 #fe1 #ge1 #hc2 note #aae4 ,karma1 p4 #aeb4 ,kasatkin1 ,n4 ,a41 pp4 #add1 #ahj2 notes #bad1 #bfc4 ,kashai1 in ,hungary1 note #h4 ,katiusha ,maslov1 heroine of ,resurrection1 see ,maslov4 ,kazan1 pp4 #id1 #adf1 #afc1 #ahe2 notes #bah1 #bcb1 #cgi4 ,kaznacheevka1 a village1 note #bcg4 ,kenworthy1 pp4 #e1 #ad1 #ai1 #ba1 #be1 #bgf2 note #g4 ,kh41 ,n4 l41 p4 #aih4 ,khaliavka1 a peasant woman1 p4 #ei4 ,kharkov1 p4 #e2 notes #aea1 #bji1 #cgi4 ,kharkov1 ,province of1 notes #acd1 #bdj4 ,khilkov1 ,d4 ,a41 ,prince1 pp4 #afc1 #afe1 #bdj1 #bec2 note #bdj4 ,khiriakov1 ,a4 ,m41 note #cd4 ,khodinka1 a square in ,moscow1 pp4 #eh1 #chh2 note #hi4 ,khodinka1 a story by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 note #hi4 ,kholevinsky1 ,m4 ,m41 pp4 #ca1 #chh1 #cid2 note #fc4 ,kiev1 pp4 #adj1 #bdc2 notes #abi1 #bjb1 #bgj1 #cgi4 ,kingdom of ,god ,within ,us1 the1 ,l4 ,tolstoi's book1 note #bia4 ,kioto1 a ,japanese city1 note #abi4 ,klein1 ,i-,kh41 note #bcc4 ,knizhki ,nedieli1 a magazine1 notes #gd1 #aef1 #bdf1 #bec4 ,kolasha1 ,kolia1 see ,obolensky1 ,n4 ,l41 ,prince4 ,kolechka1 ,kolichka1 see ,gay1 ,n4 ,n4--son4 ,konevsky1 see ,resurrection4 ,koni1 ,a4 ,f41 pp4 #ajj1 #acf2 notes #bc1 #aeh1 #aib4 ,konissi1 ,d4 ,p41 p4 #gd2 note #abi4 ,konius1 ,julius1 and ,leo ,eduardovich1 p4 #abi2 note #ahd4 ,korni ,vasiliev1 a story by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 p4 #cig2 note #bff4 ,kozlovka 7or ,kozlova ,zasieka71 a station1 note #cdg4 ,krapivensk1 the district of1 notes #hd1 #bfa4 ,kronstad1 ,john of1 see ,sergiev4 ,kudinenko1 ,f41 p4 #bj2 note #dc4 ,kudriavtsev1 ,m4 ,f41 p4 #ajj2 note #aei4 ,kukevka1 a village1 p4 #bcj2 note #cje4 ,kukin 7from ,chekhov's ,dushechka71 note #agg4 ,kursk1 ,province of1 note #ch4 ,kuzminsky1 ,a4 ,m41 p4 #ia2 notes #bb1 #ade4 ,kuzminsky1 ,t4 ,a4 78,aunt ,tanya071 pp4 #h1 #bdf2 note #bb4 ,kuzminsky1 ,v4 ,a41 p4 #bec2 note #cei4 ,langlet 78,the ,swede071 p4 #aej2 note #bbg4 ,lao-,tse1 note #abi4 ,lawyer1 p4 #fj4 ,leaflets of the ,free ,press1 a publication by ,a4 and ,v4 ,chertkov1 notes #bg1 #de1 #bgi1 #cba1 #cgg4 ,lebon1 p4 #bab4 ,leipzig1 note #chd4 ,letter to ,m4 ,a4 ,engelhardt1 ,a1 78,on ,non-resistance071 note #cih4 8,letter to the ,italians1 a0 78,on ,abyssinians071 by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 pp4 #bi1 #cic2 note #ei4 8,letter to the ,liberals1 a10 by ,l4 ,tolstoi 78,to ,mme4 ,kalmikov071 pp4 #gj1 #hg1 #cid2 note #abf4 8,letter to the ,officer1 a10 by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 pp4 #bgj1 #cie2 note #cgg4 8,letter to a ,peasant1 a10 by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 note #if4 8,letter to the ,russian ,public1 a10 78,on ,dukhobors071 note #big4 8,letter to the ,swedish ,newspapers1 a0 78,on the ,nobel prize and the ,dukhobors10 8,the ,swedish ,letter10 8,to ,stockholm071 by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 pp4 #adh1 #adi1 #aeh1 #cie2 note #bbj4 ,letter to the ,swedish papers1 a1 pp4 #bgj1 #cie2 note #bgh4 ,letters of ,count ,tolstoi to ,his ,wife1 p4 #djd2 notes #ff1 #abi1 #aee1 #agi1 #aii1 #bdb1 #bej1 #bea1 #cjc1 #caj1 #cfe4 ,letters 7unpublished71 fragments of these letters are cited in the editorial notes4 ,leo1 see ,tolstoi1 ,l4 ,l41 ,count4 ,leontev1 ,b4 ,n41 p4 #adf4 ,levitsky1 the landlord1 pp4 #bcb1 #cia2 note #cbc4 ,liapunov1 ,v4 ,d4 78,viacheslav071 pp4 #afj1 #aii2 notes #bcf1 #bhh4 ,liberals1 the1 p4 #bgb4 ,lieskov1 ,n4 ,s41 p4 #bce2 note #ccj4 ,light that ,shines in ,darkness1 ,the1 ,tolstoi's drama 78,drama071 pp4 #ad1 #ai1 #bj1 #bi1 #he1 #aac1 #ada1 #cib1 #djb2 note #ce4 ,lindenberg1 ,g4 ,r41 p4 #bbf2 notes #cac1 #cad4 8,living ,corpse1 the10 ,tolstoi's play 78,the ,corpse071 p4 #ahf4 ,lombroso1 ,csar1 p4 #adf4 ,london1 notes #g1 #hj1 #aid4 ,longinov1 ,v4 ,v41 p4 #add2 note #bji4 ,lopashino1 a village1 p4 #bbc2 note #cje4 ,love for the ,good1 p4 #bdd2 note #cdi4 ,lvov 7,lemberg71 the capital of ,galicia1 note #bdj4 ,magdalene1 note #agg4 ,maklakov1 ,a4 ,a41 note #bac4 ,maklakov1 ,v4 ,a41 note #bac4 ,maklakovs1 pp4 #add1 #adf4 ,makovitsky1 ,d4 ,p4 78,dushan071 pp4 #bj1 #age1 #agh2 notes #de1 #bei4 ,malikov1 ,a4 ,k41 p4 #baj2 note #bie4 ,mallarm1 ,stephane1 p4 #ed2 note #ic4 ,mallory1 ,lucy1 note #agg4 ,manager of the ,moscow ,little ,theatre1 note #aj4 ,manchuria1 note #cec4 ,manson 78,the ,englishman071 pp4 #ad1 #cid2 note #cf4 ,maria 7a peasant woman71 p4 #ei4 ,maria ,alexandrovna1 see ,schmidt1 ,m4 ,a4 ,maria ,nicholaievna1 see ,tolstoi1 ,m4 ,n4 ,marx1 ,a4 ,f41 the publisher1 notes #cdf1 #cfb4 ,marx1 ,karl1 pp4 #cc1 #bdh4 ,marxists1 the1 p4 #bdh4 ,mary1 p4 #beb2 note #agg4 ,masha1 see ,obolensky1 ,m4 ,l41 ,princess4 ,mashenka1 see ,tolstoi1 ,m4 ,n41 ,countess4 ,maslov1 ,katiusha1 heroine of ,the ,resurrection 7,konevsky71 pp4 #ea1 #aac2 notes #f1 #aff4 ,materialists1 the1 pp4 #hc1 #bdb4 ,maude1 ,a4 ,f41 pp4 #aci1 #add1 #afg1 #agc1 #age1 #agf1 #aie2 notes #aid1 #bed4 ,mayak1 the1 children's magazine1 note #ajb4 ,mediterranean1 the1 p4 #bah4 ,medusov1 p4 #ajj4 ,meletie1 the archbishop of ,riazan1 note #bah4 ,menshikov1 ,m4 ,o41 pp4 #cg1 #afg1 #agc1 #aii1 #bcf1 #bdj2 notes #gd1 #bdf1 #bec4 8,menteur10 by ,corneille1 p4 #cj4 ,michael-,angelo1 pp4 #ee1 #ajc4 ,mikhailo1 a harness-maker1 pp4 #ec1 #ef4 ,mikhail's ,ford1 a village1 p4 #bbh2 note #cje4 ,miklukha-,maklai1 ,n4 ,n41 p4 #aff2 note #bdc4 ,minister of the ,interior1 the 7,i4 ,l4 ,goremykin71 pp4 #ca1 #cid2 notes #fd1 #abf1 #cjd4 ,minister of ,justice1 the 7,n4 ,v4 ,muraviev71 pp4 #ca1 #cid2 note #fd4 ,minusinsk1 district of 7,province of ,yeniseisk71 note #ij4 ,mohammed1 p4 #ib4 ,molokans1 the1 pp4 #adh1 #adi1 #cie2 notes #bbb1 #bbc1 #bbd1 #bcb4 ,morosov1 ,v4 ,s41 a peasant from ,yasnaya ,polyana1 note #ajb4 ,moscow1 pp4 #h1 #ad1 #ai1 #bj1 #ba1 #bd1 #ca1 #ce1 #ec1 #ij1 #ie1 #if1 #ii1 #ajj1 #aja1 #ajg1 #aji1 #aag1 #acf1 #acg1 #aci1 #afc1 #aga1 #agf1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahc1 #ahe1 #ahf1 #ahi1 #aid1 #aih1 #aii1 #bjb1 #bjf1 #baj1 #bac1 #bai1 #bbb1 #bfi1 #bhf1 #bia1 #bib1 #bif1 #chh1 #cij2 notes #ac1 #bh1 #bi1 #di1 #eg1 #fa1 #ga1 #gh1 #hh1 #abi1 #aeb1 #aeg1 #afc1 #bac1 #bba1 #bce1 #bch1 #bci1 #bef1 #bfb1 #bfe1 #bhf1 #cja1 #cjd1 #cdg1 #cfi4 ,moscow1 ,court of1 notes #dj1 #ec1 #cih4 ,moses1 pp4 #gd1 #ib1 #bdc1 #bde4 ,mother's ,notes1 a1 by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 note #bff4 ,mtsensk1 ,province of1 p4 #bcj2 note #cag4 ,muraviev1 ,n4 ,v41 note #fd4 ,myasoyedov1 ,g4 ,g41 p4 #cb2 note #fh4 ,n1 an army officer1 p4 #ec4 ,n1 the artist1 who refused to enter military service1 pp4 #i1 #bj1 #ec2 note #bi4 ,n1 the journalist1 p4 #ba4 ,n1 a revolutionist1 p4 #ce4 ,n1 8a type for a drama10 p4 #ace4 ,n1 ,,nn 7as written by ,tolstoi in the original71 pp4 #bgc1 #bgi4 ,n1 ,,nn1 ,a1 ,b1 ,v1 ,g1 ,z1 7the initials1 substituted for the names omitted by the editors71 pp4 #cg1 #ec1 #eh1 #fj1 #ih1 #ajb1 #abi1 #aca1 #ace1 #adb1 #adg1 #afj1 #aha1 #ahc1 #ahf1 #bje1 #bcg1 #bde1 #cie2 notes #bcd1 #bfd4 ,nagornov1 ,n4 ,m41 pp4 #ai1 #bj1 #chh2 note #db4 ,nagornov1 ,v4 ,v41 ,tolstoi's niece 78,varia071 p4 #bbh2 notes #db1 #beg4 ,nakashidze1 ,i4 ,p41 ,prince1 pp4 #aad1 #acf1 #aih4 ,napoleonic ,wars1 p4 #bab4 ,nazarenes1 the1 p4 #bj2 note #df4 ,nekhliudov1 ,dimitri1 hero of ,resurrection1 ,konevsky1 p4 #aac2 notes #f1 #aff4 ,new ,collection of ,letters of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 compiled by ,p4 ,s4 ,sergienko1 notes #ec1 #cih4 ,new ,guinea1 note #bdc4 ,newton1 ,isaac1 p4 #hc4 ,new ,york1 p4 #ie1 notes #abg1 #bae1 #chh4 ,nicholaev1 in ,kazan1 p4 #ahe4 ,nicholaev1 ,grigori1 an outlaw1 pp4 #aff1 #cif4 ,nicholaev1 note #if4 ,nicholai1 see ,tolstoi1 ,n4 ,n41 ,count4 ,nicholas ,,ii1 ,alexandrovich1 ex-,emperor1 pp4 #ba1 #adi1 #cie2 notes #di1 #bbe4 ,nicholas ,i1 ,pavlovich1 ,emperor1 p4 #dc4 ,nicholskoe1 estate of the counts ,olsuphiev1 pp4 #bd1 #bi1 #cj1 #aag1 #abc1 #abd1 #abe1 #abg1 #abi1 #acb1 #acc1 #acd1 #ace1 #cia2 notes #ee1 #aia4 ,nicholskoe1 estate of ,count ,s4 ,l4 ,tolstoi1 p4 #bbh2 note #caa4 ,nietzche1 ,friedrich1 p4 #afc ,niva1 a magazine 7,no4 #ea7 p4 #bif2 notes #cdf1 #cfb1 #cib1 #cii4 ,nobel1 ,alfred1 p4 #adh2 note #bbj4 ,nobel prize1 pp4 #adh1 #cie2 notes #bbj1 #bbg4 ,notes of a ,madman1 by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 pp4 #aji1 #aac1 #cib1 #cif2 note #afe4 ,nov1 a newspaper1 note #abi4 ,novaia ,alexandria1 note #cgi4 ,novikov1 the brother of ,m4 ,p4 ,novikov1 pp4 #ca1 #adc1 #afc4 ,novikov1 ,m4 ,p41 pp4 #ca1 #adc1 #add1 #afj2 notes #fa1 #bje4 ,novoe ,vremia1 a newspaper1 notes #gd1 #adg1 #ahb1 #bjd1 #bec4 ,obdorsk 7government of ,tobolsk71 notes #acj1 #cjj1 #cfd4 8,obnovlenie10 a publishing firm1 notes #abe1 #abf1 #acd1 #cgg4 ,obolensky1 ,e4 ,v41 princess1 ,tolstoi's niece1 p4 #bfb2 notes #beg1 #cgj4 ,obolensky1 ,m4 ,l41 ,princess1 ,tolstoi's daughter1 8,masha10 pp4 #ad1 #ce1 #ec1 #he1 #ajj1 #adj1 #adb1 #ahe1 #aid1 #bbh1 #bcc1 #bcg1 #bde1 #bef1 #bfb1 #bgg1 #bib1 #chi2 notes #ab1 #cb1 #ed1 #aje1 #aca1 #aic1 #aih1 #bja4 ,obolensky1 ,n4 ,l41 ,prince1 ,tolstoi's son-in-law1 8,kolasha10 8,kolia10 pp4 #e1 #adb1 #bcc1 #bfb1 #bgg1 #bib1 #chi1 #dje2 notes #ab1 #cb1 #fj1 #aii1 #bja1 #bij4 ,odessa1 pp4 #ahb1 #cig2 note #cgi4 ,ohne ,staat1 a ,german newspaper1 note #ef4 ,olga1 see ,tolstoi1 ,o4 ,c41 ,countess4 ,olkhovik1 ,p4 ,v41 pp4 #he1 #cid2 note #acd4 ,olsuphiev1 ,a4 ,m41 ,countess1 p4 #acb2 note #aij4 ,olsuphiev1 ,a4 ,v41 ,count1 p4 #adi2 note #bbd4 ,olsuphiev1 ,m4 ,a41 ,count1 pp4 #abi1 #cia2 note #ahe4 ,olsuphievs1 the ,counts1 pp4 #ba1 #bd1 #abe1 #cia2 notes #dh1 #ee4 8,on ,abyssinians10 an article by ,tolstoi1 see 8,letter to the ,italians1 a40 ,on a ,cart1 a story by ,chekhov1 p4 #ahf4 8,on ,art10 see ,what is ,art8 8,on the ,condition of the ,people10 see 8,famine or ,no ,famine40 ,on ,life1 ,tolstoi's book1 notes #cg1 #agh4 ,on ,life1 transcript by ,hall1 p4 #abe2 note #agh4 8,on ,science10 see 8,preface to ,carpenter's article #8,contemporary ,science4'0 8,on ,war10 an article by ,tolstoi1 p4 #cic2 note #adf4 8,on ,war10 a ,french pamphlet1 p4 #g4 8,on ,whipping10 see ,shameful4 8,only ,possible ,solution of the ,land ,problem1 the10 ,tolstoi's article1 note #if4 ,open ,court1 ,the1 a magazine1 note #bjf4 ,orel1 note #bie4 ,orenburg1 note #fc4 ,ossipov1 ,peter1 a peasant from ,yasnaya ,polyana1 p4 #afe2 note #bda4 ,ovsiannikovo1 ,t4 ,l4 ,sukhotin's estate1 pp4 #f1 #bde2 notes #aa1 #ac1 #cej4 ,p41 p4 #bah4 ,paris1 p4 #baf2 note #hg4 ,pascal1 ,blaise1 pp4 #ae1 #bgc4 ,pashkov ,sect1 p4 #ahh2 note #bbf4 ,paths of ,life1 by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 p4 #bja2 note #bhi4 8,patriotism or ,peace80 see 8,about ,patriotism40 ,paul1 the apostle1 p4 #bcb2 note #bdi4 ,pavlenkov1 ,f4 ,f41 note #cih4 ,peasant-,poet1 from ,kazan1 p4 #afc4 ,perer1 p4 #cb4 ,perfileev1 ,v4 ,s41 p4 #aje2 note #afc4 ,persianninov1 pp4 #gb1 #ahb1 #cif4 ,pet41 p4 #aie4 ,peterburgskaia ,viedomosti1 a newspaper1 pp4 #aeh1 #afj1 #baa1 #cie2 notes #bbb1 #bcb4 ,petrograd 7,st4 ,petersburg71 pp4 #abd1 #cia2 notes #dg1 #ij1 #ach1 #ade1 #agd1 #agf1 #aib1 #cjj1 #cgi4 ,petrovich1 pp4 #ahb1 #cif4 ,pharesov1 ,a4 ,i41 p4 #baj4 ,phedoseev1 ,n4 ,i41 p4 #aic2 note #bgi4 ,philosophov1 ,n4 ,a41 p4 #i2 note #cj4 ,pickard1 ,elizabeth1 p4 #bdj2 note #cdb4 ,pirogovo1 ,count ,s4 ,n4 ,tolstoi's estate1 pp4 #eb1 #fj1 #he1 #afc1 #bdf1 #bfb1 #bfi1 #cia2 note #hd4 ,planidin1 ,p4 ,v41 ,dukhobor1 note #cjj4 ,plato1 p4 #ie4 8,ploughman1 the10 a poem by ,v4 ,d4 ,liapunov1 p4 #aii2 note #bhh4 ,podsolnechnaia1 note #ee4 8,politics10 ,aristotle's1 p4 #aca2 note #ahg4 ,poltava1 note #cad4 ,popov1 ,e4 ,i4 78,evgenie ,ivanovich071 pp4 #adc1 #aii1 #bje1 #bag2 notes #ch1 #bjg4 ,posha1 see ,biriukov1 ,p4 ,i4 8,posrednik10 a ,moscow publishing firm1 notes #i1 #ai1 #ba1 #ge1 #if1 #ajb1 #aae1 #aai1 #ace1 #adi1 #aej1 #afg1 #ahb1 #bei1 #bhf1 #ceg1 #cff4 8,posrednik10 a ,slavonian publishing firm1 p4 #agh2 note #bei4 ,posthumous ,literary ,works of ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 published by ,a4 ,l4 ,tolstoi1 notes #hi1 #aab1 #afe1 #bdd4 8,posthumous ,notes of the ,monk1 ,fedor ,kuzmich1 the10 by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 p4 #cif2 note #bff4 ,power of ,darkness1 the1 ,tolstoi's drama1 p4 #h2 note #aj4 ,pozdniakov1 ,v4 ,n4 78,the ,dukhobor071 p4 #bef2 note #cfd4 ,preface by ,l4 ,tolstoi to the ,english edition of ,what is ,art8 pp4 #baa1 #cic4 ,preface 7by ,l4 ,tolstoi7 to the work of ,t4 ,m4 ,bondarev1 note #ij4 ,preface 7by ,l4 ,tolstoi7 to ,carpenter's article1 8,contemporary ,science0 78,on ,science10 8,carpenter071 pp4 #afa1 #afe1 #afg1 #aga1 #age1 #bjf1 #cic2 note #ace4 ,prescriptions1 pp4 #hc1 #hh1 #aga1 #djc4 ,priest1 the1 p4 #ahe4 ,problems of ,philosophy and ,psychology1 notes #abi1 #afi1 #bch1 #bfe1 #bfh1 #bgh1 #bih4 ,progress1 as an ,evolution of ,cruelty1 a book by ,m4 ,a4 ,engelhardt1 p4 #bic2 note #cih4 ,prugavin1 ,a4 ,s41 note #bbb4 ,public ,library in ,moscow1 the1 p4 #acf4 ,public ,library in ,petersburg1 the1 note #ach4 ,pugachev1 p4 #bgg4 ,purleigh1 a town in ,england1 note #aid4 ,quakers1 notes #bba1 #cdb1 #cec4 ,rachinsky1 ,s4 ,a41 p4 #bg2 note #eg4 ,rakhmanov1 ,v4 ,v41 note #adj4 ,raphael1 pp4 #ajc1 #abh4 ,razin1 ,stenka1 p4 #bgg4 ,reading ,circle1 the1 by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 notes #afg1 #agg1 #cff1 #chg4 ,religion des ,geistes1 die1 ,german magazine1 note #ef4 ,repine1 ,i4 ,e41 pp4 #ic1 #aid2 notes #adg1 #bhb4 ,resurrection1 ,tolstoi's novel 7,konevsky71 pp4 #e1 #f1 #ba1 #ea1 #eh1 #he1 #aac1 #ahb1 #bdc1 #bde1 #bdf1 #beb1 #bef1 #beh1 #bfb1 #bfi1 #bgj1 #bgg1 #bhc1 #bhf1 #bhi1 #bib1 #bif1 #cij1 #cib1 #cig1 #djg2 notes #a1 #bc1 #if1 #aeh1 #aij1 #bff1 #cdf1 #cfb1 #cga1 #cgd1 #cgf1 #cha1 #cib4 8,resurrection of ,hell and its ,destruction1 the10 a legend by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 pp4 #ahb1 #aie1 #cig2 notes #bff1 #bhd4 ,revolutionaries1 the1 p4 #bgb4 ,riazan1 the ,province of1 note #cjc4 ,riga1 note #cgi4 ,robinson1 a teacher1 p4 #ahe4 ,rostovtzev1 ,m4 ,n41 p4 #bdg2 note #ced4 ,rostovtzev1 ,n4 ,d41 note #ced4 ,rozanov1 ,v4 ,v41 p4 #agc2 note #bec4 ,rusanov1 ,g4 ,a41 pp4 #ie1 #ahb2 notes #aea1 #ahj4 ,rusanovs1 p4 #ahc4 ,russ1 a newspaper1 note #cba4 ,russki ,trud1 a magazine1 p4 #bcf2 note #ccf4 ,russkia ,viedomosti1 a newspaper1 pp4 #bbb1 #cij1 #cie2 notes #bah1 #cjd4 ,s41 see ,tolstoi1 ,s4 ,a41 ,countess4 ,safonovo1 a village1 p4 #acc2 note #aia4 ,sakia-,muni1 p4 #ha4 ,salomon1 ,k4 ,a41 pp4 #ec1 #afj2 note #hg4 ,samara1 the ,province of1 pp4 #eh1 #cif2 notes #ajb1 #bbb4 ,samara1 p4 #adh4 ,sasha1 see ,tolstoi1 ,a4 ,l41 ,countess4 ,schmidt1 ,eugene1 pp4 #be1 #he1 #hg1 #cid2 note #ef4 ,schmidt1 ,m4 ,a4 78,maria ,alexandrovna071 pp4 #f1 #h1 #afb1 #afe1 #agb1 #bib2 notes #ac1 #agg1 #beb4 ,schopenhauer1 ,arthur1 pp4 #h1 #djj2 note #bd4 ,sectarians1 p4 #bfb2 note #bah4 ,seminary student1 p4 #ec4 ,sereda1 ,cyril1 p4 #cid2 note #acd4 ,serezha1 see ,tolstoi1 ,s4 ,l41 ,count4 ,serezha1 see ,tolstoi1 ,s4 ,n41 ,count4 ,sergei1 see ,tolstoi1 ,s4 ,n41 ,count4 ,sergienko1 ,p4 ,a41 notes #ec1 #ef1 #acj1 #agh1 #bjf4 ,sergiev1 ,i4 ,i4 7,kronstad71 p4 #eg2 note #ii4 8,sergius10 see ,father ,sergius4 ,servia1 note #df4 ,shakespeare1 ,william1 pp4 #ee1 #ajc1 #abh1 #ach1 #aeb2 note #id4 ,shameful1 an article by ,tolstoi 7on whipping71 pp4 #h1 #cic2 notes #bg1 #ej4 ,shamordino 7,province of ,kaluga1 8,the ,monastery071 pp4 #gj1 #cia2 notes #aba1 #beg4 ,sharapov1 ,s4 ,f41 note #ccf4 ,shelkovo1 a village1 p4 #ace2 note #aia4 ,shenshins1 the landlords1 pp4 #fi1 #adb2 note #aah4 ,shidlovsky1 a peasant1 p4 #adj2 note #bjb4 ,shkarvan1 ,a4 ,a41 pp4 #e1 #g1 #aj1 #cb1 #ec2 notes #h1 #ca1 #ia1 #bcc4 ,shokhor-,trotsky1 ,k4 ,s41 note #ij4 ,shorin1 ,mme41 p4 #acb2 note #ahi4 ,should it really be so8 an article by ,tolstoi1 note #cae4 ,siaskov1 ,m4 ,v4 7,maria ,vasilievna71 p4 #h2 note #ba4 ,siberia1 p4 #cij2 notes #ij1 #acd1 #bah1 #bcg1 #bgj1 #bgi1 #cfd4 ,sidorovo1 a village1 p4 #bbf2 note #cje4 ,sieverni ,viestnik1 a magazine1 pp4 #afa1 #bjg2 notes #ec1 #ace4 ,siegfried1 ,wagner's opera1 pp4 #ca1 #chh2 note #fe4 ,sinet1 p4 #bgj2 note #chj4 ,siutaev1 ,v4 ,k41 note #ij4 ,smolensk1 the ,province of1 note #baa4 ,sobolev1 ,m4 ,n41 p4 #add2 note #bad4 ,social ,gospel1 an ,american magazine1 note #bif4 ,socialists1 pp4 #af1 #bac1 #bad1 #bgb1 #bge4 ,soloviev1 ,s4 ,m41 p4 #ahh2 note #bgg4 ,solovievs1 ,vladimir and ,vsevolod ,sergeevich1 note #bgg4 ,sonya1 see ,tolstoi1 ,s4 ,n41 ,countess4 ,sophocles1 pp4 #ha1 #ajc4 ,sopotsko1 ,m4 ,a41 pp4 #bb1 #cid2 note #eb4 ,sovremennik1 a magazine edited by ,chernishevsky1 note #ha4 ,spielhagen1 ,friedrich1 p4 #af2 note #ch4 ,spier1 ,a4 ,a41 pp4 #ca1 #cb1 #ce1 #ef1 #aae1 #chh1 #djj2 notes #ff1 #fg1 #afi4 ,spiritualists1 p4 #ahh4 ,st41 p4 #aie4 ,st4 ,john1 p4 #di4 ,st4 ,john1 ,a4 ,k41 p4 #adh2 note #bba4 ,st4 ,thomas1 ,l4 ,tolstoi's tutor1 p4 #fi2 note #aai4 ,stakhovich1 ,a4 ,a41 note #bab4 ,stakhoviches1 p4 #add4 ,stakhovich1 ,m4 ,a41 pp4 #ade1 #bbf1 #bec2 note #bab4 ,stakhovich1 ,s4 ,a41 note #bab4 ,stasov1 ,v4 ,v41 pp4 #hg1 #abd1 #aid2 note #ach4 ,stcheglov1 ,i4 ,l41 note #ahe4 ,stead1 ,william1 note #cdb4 8,step by ,step0 people1 p4 #bad4 ,stockholm1 p4 #aeh2 notes #ga1 #bbj4 ,stockholms ,dagbladet1 a ,swedish newspaper 7,tagblatt ,stokholm71 p4 #aej4 8,stones1 the10 a legend by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 note #chg4 ,storozhenko1 ,n4 ,i41 p4 #ahj2 note #bfb4 ,storozhenko1 ,o4 ,i41 p4 #chh4 ,strakhov1 ,n4 ,f4 78,natasha ,strakhov071 p4 #eb2 note #hb4 ,strakhov1 ,n4 ,n41 pp4 #bj1 #cg1 #bbh1 #chh2 notes #dg1 #gf1 #caf4 ,strakhov1 ,ph4 ,a41 pp4 #cg1 #ahe2 notes #ge1 #gg1 #hb4 ,students1 from ,kharkov1 p4 #e4 ,student ,movement of #ahii1 the1 p4 #bgj2 note #cgi4 ,sudakovo1 ,shenshins' estate1 note #aah4 ,sudzha 7the ,province of ,kursk71 note #ch4 ,sukhotin1 ,m4 ,s41 ,l4 ,tolstoi's son-in-law1 p4 #cij2 note #fb4 ,sukhotin1 ,t4 ,l41 ,l4 ,tolstoi's daughter 78,tania071 pp4 #ca1 #fj1 #abi1 #acc1 #acf1 #afg1 #agc1 #aid1 #bcg1 #bfb2 notes #aa1 #ac1 #fb1 #ga1 #add1 #ahe4 ,suller1 see ,sullerzhitsky4 ,sullerzhitsky1 ,l4 ,a4 78,suller071 pp4 #aii1 #bec1 #beh2 notes #bhg1 #ceg1 #cfg4 ,sumsk1 the district of 7,province of ,kharkov71 notes #acd1 #bdj4 ,sverbeev1 ,d4 ,d41 p4 #cb2 note #fi4 ,svobodnaia ,mysl1 a magazine edited by ,p4 ,i4 ,biriukov1 note #bbj4 ,swede1 the1 see ,langlet4 ,sweden1 p4 #ce2 notes #ga1 #cbf4 ,swedes1 the1 note #cgh4 8,swedish ,letter1 the10 see 8,letter to the ,swedish ,papers1 a40 ,swift1 ,jonathan1 p4 #ie4 ,switzerland1 p4 #bcg2 note #df4 ,sytin1 ,i4 ,d41 note #e4 ,tagblatt ,stokholm1 see ,stockholms ,dagbladet4 ,tania1 see ,sukhotin1 ,t4 ,l4 ,tanyeev1 ,sergei ,ivanovich1 pp4 #ec1 #ff2 notes #hh1 #aag4 ,tarovat1 p4 #aii4 8,teaching of the ,twelve ,apostles1 the10 p4 #ga2 note #abh4 8,thousand and ,one ,nights1 the10 p4 #bhh4 8,three ,problems10 a story by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 note #cca4 ,tiflis1 p4 #e2 notes #i1 #aee4 ,tischenko1 ,f4 ,f41 p4 #if2 note #aef4 ,tobolsk1 ,province of1 notes #acj1 #cfd4 ,tod1 the ,hindu1 p4 #ga4 ,tolstoi1 ,a4 ,a41 ,countess1 ,l4 ,tolstoi's aunt1 p4 #abd2 notes #id1 #agf4 ,tolstoi1 ,a4 ,l41 ,countess1 ,l4 ,tolstoi's daughter 78,sasha071 p4 #aid2 notes #ga1 #bhc4 ,tolstoi1 ,a4 ,l41 ,count1 ,l4 ,tolstoi's son 78,andrusha071 p4 #adc2 note #bjh4 8,tolstoi ,annual1 #aiac10 notes #ij1 #beh4 ,tolstoi1 ,d4 ,f41 ,countess1 born ,vesterlund1 wife of ,count ,l4 ,l4 ,tolstoi1 pp4 #gj1 #adf2 notes #ga1 #abc1 #baf1 #cbf4 ,tolstoi1 ,i4 ,l41 ,count1 ,l4 ,tolstoi's son 78,ilya10 8,iliusha071 pp4 #ad1 #gj1 #adc1 #aej1 #bgg1 #cia2 notes #cj1 #cc1 #he1 #abc1 #bjh1 #cjc1 #cbb4 ,tolstoi1 ,l4 ,l41 ,count1 ,l4 ,tolstoi's son 78,leo071 pp4 #gj1 #adf2 notes #ga1 #ih1 #abc1 #baf1 #cbf1 #ccb4 ,tolstoi1 ,m4 ,k41 ,countess1 born ,rachinsky1 first wife of ,count ,s4 ,l4 ,tolstoi1 p4 #gj2 notes #eg1 #abc4 ,tolstoi1 ,m4 ,l41 ,count1 ,l4 ,tolstoi's son1 notes #ga1 #bad4 ,tolstoi1 ,m4 ,l41 see ,obolensky1 ,m4 ,l4 ,tolstoi1 ,m4 ,n41 ,countess1 ,l4 ,tolstoi's sister 78,mashenka10 8,maria ,nicholaievna071 pp4 #agf1 #bdf1 #bec1 #bia2 notes #aba1 #beg1 #ceb1 #ceh1 #cgj4 ,tolstoi1 ,m4 ,s41 ,countess1 ,l4 ,tolstoi's niece 78the girls07 p4 #ec2 note #hf4 ,tolstoi ,museum in ,petrograd1 note #bbc4 ,tolstoi1 ,n4 ,n41 ,count1 ,l4 ,tolstoi's brother 78,nicholai071 p4 #agc2 note #bec4 ,tolstoi1 ,o4 ,c41 ,countess1 born ,dieterichs1 first wife of ,count ,a4 ,l4 ,tolstoi 78,olga071 pp4 #aeh1 #bgg1 #bhi2 notes #bca1 #cch1 #chi1 #cid4 ,tolstoi1 ,s4 ,a41 ,countess1 ,l4 ,tolstoi's wife 78,s10 8,sonya10 8,wife071 pp4 #e1 #h1 #aj1 #ce1 #fh1 #gj1 #hf1 #abd1 #abe1 #acf1 #aej1 #afc1 #agb1 #bbf1 #bca1 #bdc1 #bde1 #bdf1 #bef1 #bhc1 #bhf1 #cgd1 #djd2 notes #c1 #ff1 #ga1 #if1 #aba1 #abi1 #aii1 #bdb1 #beh1 #cjc1 #cei1 #cfe1 #cgd4 ,tolstoi1 ,s4 ,l41 ,count1 ,l4 ,tolstoi's son 78,serezha071 pp4 #gj1 #hf1 #bbc1 #bbf1 #beh1 #bib2 notes #eg1 #if1 #abc1 #ace1 #acf1 #beg1 #caa1 #cfg4 ,tolstoi1 ,s4 ,n41 ,count1 ,l4 ,tolstoi's brother 78,sergei10 8,serezha10 8,brother ,s071 pp4 #eb1 #fj1 #he1 #bdf1 #bgf1 #bhf1 #cia2 notes #fe1 #hd1 #he1 #hf1 #aaj1 #acc1 #cea1 #cfj4 ,tolstoi1 ,s4 ,n41 ,countess1 born ,philosophov1 wife of ,count ,i4 ,l4 ,tolstoi 78,sonya10 8,daughter-in-,law071 pp4 #gj1 #bcb1 #bgg2 notes #cj1 #abc1 #cbb1 #che4 ,tolstoi1 ,t4 ,l41 ,countess1 see ,sukhotin1 ,t4 ,l4 ,tolstoi1 ,vera ,s41 ,countess1 ,l4 ,tolstoi's niece 78,the ,girls071 pp4 #ec1 #bec2 note #hf4 ,tolstoi1 ,v4 ,p41 ,count1 the husband of ,l4 ,tolstoi's sister1 note #beg4 ,tolstoyanism1 p4 #agh4 ,tomsk1 note #cgi4 ,transvaal1 p4 #cie4 ,tregubov1 ,i4 ,m4 78,ivan ,mikhailovich071 pp4 #ic1 #acc1 #ace1 #aci1 #adc1 #ade1 #adf1 #aha1 #ahe1 #aie1 #aih1 #bec1 #chi1 #cic2 notes #adh1 #afj1 #agc1 #aie1 #aif1 #bai4 ,trilby1 p4 #be4 ,trophime1 a peasant1 p4 #ei4 ,trubetzkoi1 ,s4 ,n41 ,prince1 p4 #aha2 note #bfe4 ,tsurikovs1 the landlords1 pp4 #bbf1 #bcb2 note #cjh4 ,tula1 pp4 #ec1 #fi1 #hi1 #agd1 #aie1 #aih2 notes #fc1 #ih1 #bcf1 #cbe4 ,tula ,district ,court1 notes #di1 #bcg4 ,tula1 the ,province of1 pp4 #cij1 #cia2 notes #fa1 #hd1 #bcf1 #bfa1 #cjc4 ,tver1 pp4 #ai1 #aih2 note #da4 8,two ,wars10 the article by ,l4 ,tolstoi1 p4 #cic4 ,typist1 the1 p4 #adh4 ,ukhtomsky1 ,e4 ,e41 ,prince1 p4 #bcf2 note #ccd4 ,umansk1 the district of 7,province of ,kiev71 note #bgj4 ,united ,states of ,america1 notes #cf1 #cg1 #df4 ,ursin1 ,m41 see ,zdziekhovsky1 ,m4 ,e4 ,usev1 ,p4 ,s41 note #cid4 ,vanderveer 78,the ,hollander071 pp4 #gj1 #hi1 #adf1 #afc2 notes #abd1 #abe4 ,van-,duyl1 note #ah4 ,varia1 see ,nagornov1 ,v4 ,v4 ,vegetarian ,review1 the magazine1 note #ac4 ,venezuela1 note #cf4 ,verigin1 ,p4 ,v41 a ,dukhobor1 pp4 #ge1 #cid2 notes #i1 #acj1 #cjj1 #cfd4 ,verkholensk1 p4 #aic2 note #acd4 ,verus1 note #chd4 ,viatka1 the village of1 p4 #id4 ,viazemsky1 ,prince1 p4 #ahe4 ,viestnik ,evropa1 p4 #bcf4 ,vietrova1 ,m4 ,f41 pp4 #acf1 #chi2 note #aib4 ,virgil1 p4 #abh4 ,viveknanda1 ,svami1 note #abg4 ,vladimir1 the ikon of1 p4 #afe4 ,vladivostok1 notes #ag1 #acd4 ,volkonsky1 ,g4 ,m41 ,prince1 p4 #cie4 ,voronezh1 the disciplinary battalion of1 note #ch4 ,voronezh1 the prison of1 note #ch4 ,vrede1 a ,dutch magazine1 note #abd4 ,wagner1 ,richard1 pp4 #ca1 #chh2 note #fe4 ,walz1 p4 #f2 note #aj4 ,war ,against ,war1 ,stead's magazine1 note #cdb4 ,westerlund1 ,ernest1 p4 #bcc2 note #cbf4 ,westrup1 p4 #bhf2 note #chh4 ,what is ,art8 ,l4 ,tolstoi's book on art1 pp4 #hh1 #ij1 #if1 #aag1 #abj1 #abe1 #abg1 #abi1 #acf1 #acg1 #aci1 #adj1 #add1 #ade1 #aej1 #afj1 #afa1 #afb1 #afc1 #agd1 #age1 #agh1 #ahj1 #aha1 #ahb1 #ahe1 #aie1 #aii1 #bjf1 #cic1 #cih1 #djj2 notes #fe1 #ic1 #adb1 #aha1 #bch1 #bdg1 #bed1 #bee1 #bfe1 #bfg1 #bfh1 #bfi1 #bgh4 ,what is my ,faith8 ,tolstoi's book1 p4 #ca4 ,what ,then ,shall ,we ,do8 ,l4 ,tolstoi's book1 note #ij4 8,where is ,thy ,brother80 the article by ,v4 ,g4 ,chertkov1 p4 #bbf2 note #cab4 8,where is the ,way ,out80 the article by ,tolstoi1 note #cae4 8,who is ,right80 ,tolstoi's story1 pp4 #e1 #cib2 note #e4 8,whom to ,serve80 the book by ,a4 ,i4 ,arkhangelsky1 p4 #aac2 note #afg4 ,willard1 p4 #bdj2 note #cdc4 ,witte1 ,s4 ,i41 p4 #ia2 note #ade4 ,women1 ,tolstoi's attitude toward them1 note #agg4 ,workingman from ,tula1 a1 p4 #ec4 ,workingman1 the1 p4 #eg4 8,works of the ,st4 ,petersburgh ,philosophic ,society10 note #ahg4 ,works of ,count ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoi1 published by ,countess ,s4 ,a4 ,tolstoi1 note #cih4 ,yakutsk1 note #bgj4 ,yakutsk1 the region of1 pp4 #bef1 #cij2 note #acd4 ,yaremichov1 p4 #ei4 ,yaroshenko1 ,n4 ,a41 p4 #abd2 note #age4 ,yasenki1 a post-office branch1 pp4 #ce1 #adb1 #afj1 #afa1 #afg1 #agb4 ,yasnaya ,polyana1 pp4 #c1 #d1 #e1 #g1 #ca1 #cb1 #cc1 #cd1 #ce1 #cg1 #eb1 #ef1 #eh1 #ei1 #fj1 #fh1 #gj1 #gd1 #gh1 #he1 #hf1 #hg1 #hh1 #hi1 #ij1 #ic1 #acf1 #aci1 #adj1 #adb1 #adc1 #add1 #ade1 #adf1 #adh1 #adi1 #aej1 #aeh1 #aei1 #afj1 #afa1 #afb1 #afc1 #afd1 #afe1 #afg1 #afh1 #aga1 #agc1 #agd1 #age1 #agg1 #bcb1 #bcf1 #bcg1 #bdj1 #bdc1 #bde1 #bec1 #bef1 #beh1 #bfb1 #bfe1 #bfi1 #bgj1 #bge1 #bgf1 #bgg1 #bhc1 #bhf1 #bhi1 #chh1 #cij1 #cid1 #djf4 ,yeniseisk1 the government of1 note #ij4 ,zakaz1 the forest near ,yasnaya ,polyana1 p4 #eh1 note #aja4 ,zakharin1 ,g4 ,a41 p4 #agf2 note #bef4 ,zanini1 pp4 #ij1 #if2 notes #add1 #aee4 ,zdziekhovsky1 ,m4 ,e41 p4 #bb2 note #ec4 ,zhebelev1 ,s4 ,a41 note #ahg4 ,zyabrev1 ,c4 ,n41 a peasant from ,yasnaya ,polyana 78,bieli071 p4 #f2 note #af4 ,,speaking ,,about ,,russia-- brings one inevitably to ,borzoi ,books4 ,here are listed some which are bound to interest you4 ,they may be seen at any bookstore4 ,,the ,,russian ,,school ,,of ,,painting3 ,from the ,russian of ,alexandre ,benois with an introduction by ,christian ,brinton1 and thirty-two full page plates4 ,the only survey in ,english4 ,an unusually beautiful book4 #e4jj ,,modern ,,russian ,,history3 ,from the ,russian of ,alexander ,kornilov4 ,the only work in ,english that comes right down to the present day1 and the most complete history of modern ,russian in any language but ,russian4 ,two volumes with maps1 boxed1 per set4 #e4jj ,,the ,,shield3 ,edited by ,gorky1 ,sologub1 and ,andreyev4 ,issued in ,russia by the ,society for the ,study of ,jewish ,life 7to which only pure blooded ,russians are allowed membership71 this book is a remarkable plea for the abrogation of the ,jewish disabilities4 ,russia's best writers1 scientists and publicists have contributed to it4 ,foreword by ,william ,english ,walling4 #a4be ,,great ,,russia3 ,by ,charles ,sarolea1 author of 8,the ,anglo-,german ,problem10 etc4 ,a brilliant and sympathetic survey of the country and its people4 ,with maps4 #a4be ,,ideals ,,and ,,realities ,,in ,,russian ,,literature3 ,by ,p4 ,kropotkin4 ,generally considered the best history of ,russian literature available in ,english4 ,third edition4 #b4jj ,,russia',s ,,gift ,,to ,,the ,,world3 ,by ,j4 ,w4 ,mackail1 ,professor of ,poetry at the ,university of ,oxford4 ,a concise and informing survey of just what ,russia has contributed to the art1 science and culture of the world4 #ej;c4 ,,in ,,the ,,russian ,,ranks3 ,by ,john ,morse 7,englishman47 ,ten months fighting in ,poland4 8,the most notable piece of war literature the war has yet produced40--,the ,london ,times4 #a4ej ,,russia',s ,,message3 ,by ,william ,english ,walling4 ,a new1 revised and cheaper edition of the only book in ,english that tells the truth about the ,russian peasant and explains the recent ,revolution4 ,with over twenty hitherto unpublished illustrations4 #a4ej ,all prices are net4 ,,alfred ,a4 ,,knopf1 ,,publisher1 ,,new ,,york ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,the marker 8#a;,a0 7,i continue#a;,a7 was changed from 8#a0 to clearly show that it points to two references1 a footnote and an end note4 ,errors in punctuation have been corrected4 ,inconsistency in the use of period in initials representing omitted names1 e4g41 8,n40 and 8,n01 has been retained4 ,no changes to the numbers and words in the text1 including those with variant spellings and inconsistent hyphenation1 capitalization1 and formatting1 have been made except the following3 ,page xi1 8,yasnaya0 changed from 8,yasanaya0 7home in ,yasnaya74 ,page xvi1 8,tatiana0 changed from 8,titiana0 7eldest daughter ,tatiana74 ,page xviii1 8to0 inserted before 8hear or understand them04 ,contents1 page no4 8#baj0 corrected from 8#bac04 ,page #ba1 8,to-day0 changed from 8,today0 7,to-day1 ,feb4 #ac1 ,moscow74 ,page #bc1 8fulfil0 changed from 8fufil0 7he must fulfil them74 ,page #ca1 8jotted0 changed from 8jolted0 7,in all ,i have jotted74 ,page #ef1 italics added in 8,it seems to me1 ,june #f1 ,ysn4 ,pol40 ,page #gj1 inserted paragraph break before 8,august #a1 ,ysn4 ,pol4 ,if ,i live40 ,page #agc1 inserted 8#bd0 in 8,nov4 #bd1 ,y4 ,p40 ,page #aic1 8,verkholensk0 changed from 8,verhkolensk0 7a letter from ,verkholensk74 ,page #bjd1 8sometimes0 changed from 8sometime0 7coincide1 and can sometimes not74 ,page #bba1 duplicated 8the0 deleted 7slaves and the women74 ,page #bbh1 marker for ,note #cae transferred from 8,varia40 7,masha1 ,varia47 to 8,the ,appeal40 7on ,the ,appeal4#cae74 ,page #bcg1 marker for ,note #cci transferred from 8,bulgaria40 7,boulanger to ,bulgaria47 to 8quarrelled40 7all quarrelled4#cci74 ,page #bch1 8physical0 changed from 8physicial0 7in physical suffering74 ,page #beb1 8oneself0 changed from 8onself0 7one means--to perfect oneself74 ,page #bgb1 8vestigial0 changed from 8vestigal0 7444 is vestigial74 ,note #bd1 8,v40 changed from 8,o40 7,ph4 ,v4 ,chernigovitz72 8greatest0 changed from 8grestest0 7the greatest geniuses74 ,note #bi1 8hospital0 changed from 8hosptial0 7military hospital in ,moscow74 ,note #cd1 8,vladimir0 changed from 8,vladimar0 7,vladimir ,grigorevich ,chertkov74 ,note #db1 8,varvara0 changed from 8,vavara0 7,tolstoi's niece1 ,varvara ,valerianovna74 ,note #de1 8,makovick0 changed from 8,makovck0 7,duan ,makovick74 ,note #ed1 8,m4 ,l40 changed from 8,n4 ,l40 7by ,m4 ,l4 ,tolstoi74 ,note #fd1 8,i4 ,l40 changed from 8,e4 ,l40 7,i4 ,l4 ,goremykin and ,n4 ,v474 ,note #ff1 8,wirklichkeit0 changed from 8,wirchlikeit0 7,denken und ,wirklichkeit74 ,note #gh1 8,university0 changed from 8,universtiy0 7at the ,moscow ,university74 ,note #he1 8,i4 ,l40 changed from 8,t4 ,l40 7by ,count ,i4 ,l4 ,tolstoi74 ,note #id1 8,countess0 changed from 8,count0 7to ,countess ,a4 ,a4 ,tolstoi74 ,note #if1 8,countess0 changed from 8,count0 7to ,countess ,s4 ,a4 ,tolstoi74 ,note #ach1 8,v4 ,v40 changed from 8,v4 ,a40 7,memory of ,v4 ,v4 ,stasov74 ,note #afj1 8,i4 ,m40 changed from 8,i4 ,n40 7,p4 ,i4 ,biriukov1 ,i4 ,m4 ,tregubov74 ,note #afc1 8,vasili0 changed from 8,vasali0 7,vasili ,stepanovich ,perfileev74 ,note #afg1 8,bulgaria0 changed from 8,bulgardia0 in ,bourgas 7,bulgaria74 ,note #agc1 8,i4 ,m40 changed from 8,i4 ,n40 7,i4 ,m4 ,tregubov to ,goldingen74 ,note #agg1 8irreplaceable0 changed from 8irreplacable0 7great and irreplaceable74 ,note #ahd1 8violinist0 changed from 8volinist0 7the violinist and the pianist74 ,note #bjg1 8#ch0 changed from 8#dc0 7see ,note #ch74 ,note #bai1 8,p4 ,a40 changed from 8,b4 ,a40 7,p4 ,a4 ,boulanger was sent72 8,i4 ,m40 changed from 8,i4 ,n40 7,i4 ,m4 ,tregubov were exiled74 ,numbering of ,note #bcd corrected from 8#cbd04 ,note #bdc1 8,n4 ,n40 changed from 8,m4 ,n40 7,n4 ,n4 ,miklukha-,maklai74 ,notes #bdf and #bec1 8,knizhki0 changed from 8,knighki0 ,knizhki ,nedieli in #ahig2 ,knizhki ,nedieli 7#ahig1 ,nos4 #i-aa74 ,note #bdh1 8#b0 changed from 8#a0 7,chapter ,,xiv1 ,verse 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from 8,l4 ,i402 8#adf0 changed from 8#add04 topic 8,tolstoi1 ,i4 ,l401 8,ilya0 changed from 8,idya04 topic 8,tolstoi1 ,m4 ,n41 ,countess01 8,nicholaievna0 changed from 8,nicholaevna04 topic 8,tolstoi1 ,o4 ,c401 8,dieterichs0 changed from 8,ditterichs04 topic 8,tolstoi1 ,s4 ,a401 deleted note reference 8#djd04 topic 8,tolstoi1 ,s4 ,n41 ,count01 8,tolstoi's0 changed from 8,toilstoi's02 8,serezha0 changed from 8,serzha02 8,brother ,s0 changed from 8,brothers04 topic 8,transvaal01 8p40 changed from 8note04 topic 8,tregubov1 ,i4 ,m401 page number 8#adc0 changed from 8#ahc04 topic 8,ursin1 ,m401 8,zdziekhovsky0 changed from 8,zdiekhovsky04 topic 8,varia01 8,nagornov1 ,v4 ,v40 changed from 8,nagornova04 topic 8,verus01 8#chd0 changed from 8#bhd04 topic 8,what ,then ,shall ,we ,do801 8,we0 changed from 8,w04 topic 8#8,works of the ,st4 ,petersburgh ,philosophic ,society'01 8#ahg0 changed from 8#ahi04 topic 8,zdziekhovsky0 changed from 8,zdiekhovski04 entry 8,zyabrev1 ,a4 ,t41 a peasant from ,yasnaya ,polyana1 note #af01 an inexact duplicate of entry for topic 8,zyabrev1 ,c4 ,n401 deleted4 positions of out-of-order entries corrected4 italicization of 8p401 8pp401 8note01 8notes01 and 8see0 made consistent4 incorrect uses of 8p401 8pp401 8note01 and 8notes0 repaired4 positions of out-of-order page and note number references corrected4 ,use of additional vertical space to separate journal entries has been made consistent4 ,some portions of the text that appear to be typographical errors are printed as such in the original book4 ,a list of these possible misprints follows3 ,page x1 8formerly0 for 8formally0 7formerly anathematised74 ,page #cg1 8,th40 for 8,ph40 7,strakhov ,th4 ,a474 ,page #ec1 8,salamon0 for 8,salomon0 and 8,tanyee0 for 8,tanyeev0 7,salamon1#hg ,tanyee4#hh44474 ,page #ib1 87in relation to ,god0 and 87#a in the sense0 share a single closing parenthesis1 8of a number704 ,page #aca1 80 for 80 7 l'agriculture74 ,page #ahe1 no period in the paragraph ending with 8#ab7 ----#bga04 ,page #aic1 8editor ,the ,adult0 for 8editor of ,the ,adult04 ,page #aih1 8l40 for 8,l40 or 8,i40 7,tula3 ,n4 l4 ,kh474 ,page #bbh1 8,bobrika0 for 8,bobriki0 7went to ,bobrika74 ,note #hj1 8,alexandrovich0 for 8,ivanonich0 7,alexander ,alexandrovich ,herzen74 ,note #ij1 8,nicholaievich0 for 8,michailovich0 7,timofei ,nicholaievich ,bondarev74 ,note #bfa1 8,gorobov0 for 8,gorokov0 or 8,gorokhov0 7neighbouring landlord1 ,gorobov74