,,transcriber ,,note ,italic text is denoted by underscores4 ,the 'pointing hand' symbols have been replaced by or 4 ,obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources4 ,more detail can be found at the end of the book4 ,,mrs4 ,,hale',s ,,receipts ,,for ,,the ,,million3 ,,containing ,,four ,,thousand ,,five ,,hundred ,,and ,,forty-,,five ,receipts1 ,facts1 ,directions1 etc4 ,,in ,,the ,,useful1 ,,ornamental1 ,,and ,,domestic ,,arts1 ,,and ,,in ,,the ,,conduct ,,of ,,life4 ,,being ,a ,,complete ,,family ,,directory4 ,,relative ,,to ,accomplishments1,economy1 ,ladies' ,work1 ,phrenology1 ,amusements1 ,etching1 ,feather ,work1 ,potichomanie1 ,beauty1 ,etiquette1 ,manners1 ,poultry1 ,birds1 ,flowers1 ,marriage1 ,riding1 ,building1 ,gardening1 ,medicines1 ,swimming1 ,children1 ,grecian ,painting1,needlework1 ,surgery1 ,domestic ,cookery1 ,health1 ,nursing1 ,temperance1 ,courtship1 ,home1 ,out-,door ,work1,trees1 etc4 ,dress1 etc4 ,housekeeping1 ,painting1 ,women's ,duties1 ,words of ,washington1 etc4 ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,sarah ,,josepha ,,hale4 ,philadelphia3 ,t4 ,b4 ,,peterson1 ,,no4 #cjf ,,chestnut ,,street4 ,entered according to ,act of ,congress1 in the year #aheg1 by ,,sarah ,,josepha ,,hale1 ,in the ,clerk's ,office of the ,district ,court of the ,united ,states1 in and for the ,eastern ,district of ,pennsylvania4 ,,preface4 ,all the labor of man is for his mouth1 says ,solomon4 ,if this proverb be understood1 as it was undoubtedly meant--that the chief aim and purpose of all human labor are to make the homes of mankind places of enjoyment1 we see how important the art of household management becomes4 ,while preparing my ,new ,cook ,book1 ,i was naturally led to examine the subject1 and the result was a deep conviction of the need of another work on domestic economy1 or directions how to guide the house4 ,this led me to prepare the present treatise1 embodying rules and receipts1 such as never before have been brought together for the help and instruction of a household4 ,knowledge is power always2 knowledge used for good purposes is wisdom4 ,knowledge1 like gold1 must be gained by personal effort2 and usually1 in small quantities1 and by continued exertions1 both wisdom and gold are accumulated4 ,it has been by washing the sands of common experience and gathering the small bits of science and art found here and there on the mining ground of common knowledge1 that this large work1 containing the pure gold of truth1 applicable to all the needs of common life1 has been made4 ,a few nuggets will be seen1 such as the collected maxims of ,franklin1 and the ,words of ,washington1 never before placed within the reach of the popular mind4 ,in the economy and well-being of the family1 personally and individually1 improvement should be sedulously kept in view4 ,it is not enough that woman understands the art of cookery and of managing her house3 she must also take care of herself2 of children2 of all who will be dependent on her for direction1 for health1 for happiness4 ,personal appearance is important2 the art of beautifying a home is important2 the knowledge of ways and means by which the clothing of a family may be kept in good order1 with the least expense of time and money1 is important2 some knowledge of plants1 flowers1 gardening1 and of domestic animals1 is of much benefit1 particularly to those who live in the country2 and more important than all1 is a knowledge of the best means of preserving or restoring health4 ,then there is the very important matter of home happiness to be kept in view4 ,amusements1 accomplishments1 elegant arts1 manners1 modes of conduct in society2 all these are necessary knowledge4 ,and to crown the whole1 those indispensable rules and maxims of moral improvement1 which are the foundation of good in the character and life of rational1 immortal beings1 must be made familiar4 ,all this has been attempted in ,receipts for the ,million1 as every person may see by examining ,the ,table of ,contents and the ,index4 ,the aim of both my works on domestic matters has been to awaken the attention of my own sex to these subjects1 belonging1 so unquestionably1 to woman's department4 ,the home administration is in her hands2 how salutary and powerful this may be made in its influence on humanity is yet hardly imagined1 even by the most sagacious and earnest advocates of woman's elevation4 ,would that those of my sex who are urging onward1 into the industrial pursuits1 and other professions appropriate for men1 might turn their attention to improvements in domestic economy4 ,here is an open field1 where their heads and hearts as well as hands may find ample scope and noble objects4 ,the really great woman never undervalues her own sphere4 ,madame ,roland excelled in her mnage2 ,mrs4 ,somerville is eminent for domestic qualities2 ,mrs4 ,sigourney is a pattern housekeeper2 and a multitude of other names and examples may be met with in my recent work1,a where genius is found adorning home pursuits4 ,there should be ,lectures on ,housekeeping1 and other subjects connected with domestic life1 instituted in every ,ladies ,seminary4 ,this would serve to remedy1 in some degree1 the evils that now attend a boarding-school education4 ,the grand defect of this is1 that teachers too often leave out of sight the application of learning to the home pursuits of young ladies4 ,so when these return to the parental roof1 they give themselves up to novel reading1 as their chief mental resource4 ,a better time is coming4 ,women1 capable of using their faculties for the improvement of society1 will not much longer remain in the castle of indolence4 ,miss ,nightingale will find followers4 ,and as the active pursuits of women will naturally centre in the domestic circle1 great advances in the art of making home the place of happiness must be made4 ,may this book help onward the good work4 ,s4 ,j4 ,h4 ,philadelphia1 ,october #ast1 #aheg4 ,,contents ,,preface #c ,,contents #e ,,part ,i4 ,,home ,,and ,,its ,,employments4 ,house ,cleaning--,repairing ,furniture--,cleaning ,stoves and ,grates--,mending ,glass1 ,china1 c4--,coloring and ,polishing ,furniture1 c4--,removing unpleasant ,odors--,fires--,water and ,cisterns--,carriages and ,harness--,washing--,to remove ,stains--,to clean ,silks1 ,lace1 c4--,paste1 ,glue1 and ,cement--,dyeing--,blacking for ,boots1 ,shoes1 c4--,to destroy ,insects--,the ,kitchen1 c4 ,page #i to #hh ,,part ,,ii4 ,,health ,,and ,,beauty4 ,rules for the preservation of ,health--,simple ,recipes efficacious in common diseases and slight injuries--,burns and ,scalds--,fevers --,plasters1 ,blisters1 ,ointments1 c4--,poisons and ,antidotes--,baths and ,bathing--,the ,toilet1 or hints for the preservation of ,beauty--,the ,dressing-,table ,page #hi to #aej ,,part ,,iii4 ,,home ,,pursuits ,,and ,,domestic ,,arts4 ,needle-work--,explanation of ,stitches--,preparation of ,house-,linen --,patchwork--,silk ,embroidery--,fancy-work--,ink--,birds1 ,fish1 ,flowers1 c4--,house-,plants--,window-,plants--,to manage a ,watch ,page #aea to #ahg ,,part ,,iv4 ,,domestic ,,economy1 ,,and ,,other ,,matters ,,worth ,,knowing4 ,teas--,coffee--,various ,recipes for making ,essences1 c4--,preserving ,fruit1 ,vegetables1 ,herbs1 c4--,hints to ,farmers--,management of a ,horse--,raising ,poultry--,preservation from ,fire--,drowning--,suffocation--,thunder storms ,page #ahh to #bji ,,part ,v4 ,,mistress1 ,,mother1 ,,nurse1 ,,and ,,maid4 ,of the ,table--,on the management of ,infants1 young ,children1 and the ,sick--,qualifications of a good ,nurse--,food for the ,sick and for ,children--,drinks for the ,sick--,simple mixtures--,rules for ,women ,servants ,page #baj to #bfd ,,part ,,vi4 ,,hints ,,about ,,agriculture1 ,,gardening1 ,,domestic ,,animals1 c4 ,manure--,soil--,hay--,grains--,vegetabl es--,to destroy ,insects--,vermin --,weeds--,cows1 ,calves1 ,sheep1 c4--,gardening--,the ,orchard--,timber--,building--,bees ,page #bfe to #cah ,,part ,,vii4 ,,miscellaneous4 ,choice and cheap ,cookery--,new ,receipts--,southern ,dishes--,cakes1 ,bread1 ,pies1 and ,puddings--,home-made ,wines1 ,mead1 ,nectar1 c4--,washing--,hints on ,diet1 ,exercise1 and ,economy --,painting--,books--,periodicals and ,newspapers ,page #cai to #chd ,,part ,,viii4 ,,elegant ,,and ,,ingenious ,,arts4 ,water-,colors used in ,drawing--,directions for mixing ,colors--,wash ,colors for ,maps--,to paint ,flowers1 ,birds1 ,landscapes1 c41 in ,water-,colors--,potichomanie--,grecian ,painting--,diaphanic ,feather ,flowers--,sea-,weeds--,botanical ,specimens1 ,leaf ,impressions1 c4--,transferring to ,glass1 ,wood1 c4--,emblematic ,stones--,staining ,stone1 ,wood1 c4--,ornamental ,leather work--,dyeing --,games--,evening ,pastime ,page #che to #dca ,,part ,,ix4 ,,work ,,in ,,doors ,,and ,,out4 ,household maxims--,household receipts for many things--,care of ,furs--,wise economy--,things to know--,cleanliness--,prevention of accidents--,domestic hints--,more hints on ,agriculture--,cattle --,gardening--,drying ,herbs--,properties and uses of ,vegetables --,vegetables to cultivate--,fruit ,trees and ,fruit--,vermin on ,trees ,page #dca to #dhd ,,part ,x4 ,,personal ,,matters4 ,dress of ,ladies--,dress of a ,gentleman--,manners--,rules of ,etiquette--,dinner ,parties--,balls and ,evening ,parties--,courtship and ,marriage--,marriage ,ceremony--,after ,marriage--,directions to a ,wife--,directions to a ,husband--,our ,house--,conversation--,rules of ,conduct ,page #dhd to #ecc ,,part ,,xi4 ,,health ,,and ,,wealth4 ,preservation of ,health--,baths--,exercise--,terms expressing the properties of medicines--,ointments and ,cerates--,embrocations and ,liniments--,enemas--,poultices--,specia l rules for the prevention of ,cholera--,rules for a ,sick ,room--,domestic ,surgery--,bandages --,riches--,temperance--,way to ,wealth ,page #ecc to #eij ,,part ,,xii4 ,,the ,,family ,,at ,,home4 ,a good ,table--,bread1 c4--,meats--,vegetables--,household management--,beverages--,useful ,receipts for ,family ,practice --,miscellaneous ,receipts1 ,rules1 c4--,dietetic maxims--,hints to ,mechanics and ,workmen--,maxims and ,morals for all ,men--,home ,industry for ,young ,ladies--,pets--,swimming--,riding--,hom e ,counsels--,parlor ,amusements--,the training of ,daughters1 c4--,sentiments of ,flowers--,signs of the ,weather--,air--,its effects on ,life--,importance of ,laws--,phrenology--,synopsis of ,american ,history--,words of ,washington--,useful ,family ,tables ,page #eij to #fii ,,mrs4 ,,hale',s ,,receipts ,,for ,,the ,,million1 ,,containing ,,four ,,thousand ,,five ,,hundred ,,and ,,forty-,,five ,,receipts1 ,,facts1 ,,etc4 ,,part ,i4 ,,home ,,and ,,its ,,employments4 ,house cleaning--,repairing ,furniture--,washing--,mending ,glass1 ,china1 c4--,dyeing--,blacking for ,boots1 ,shoes1 c4--,to destroy ,insects--,the ,kitchen1 c4 #a4 ,house ,cleaning4--,the spring is more particularly the time for house-cleaning2 though1 of course1 it requires attention monthly4 ,begin at the top of the house2 first take up the carpets1 and1 if they require it1 let them be scoured2 or as carpets are sometimes injured by scouring1 they may be well beaten1 and if necessary1 washed with soda and water4 ,remove all the furniture from the room1 have the chimneys swept where fires have been kept1 and clean and blacken the grates4 ,wrap old towels1 7they should be clean71 around the bristles of the broom1 and sweep lightly the ceiling and paper2 or1 if requisite1 the paper should be cleaned with bread1 as elsewhere directed4 ,then wash the paint with a flannel or sponge1 and soap and water1 and1 as fast as one person cleans1 another should follow1 and with clean cloths1 wipe the paint perfectly dry4 ,let the windows be cleaned1 and scour the floor4 ,let the furniture be well rubbed2 and the floor being dry1 and the carpets laid down1 the furniture may be replaced4 ,the paper should be swept every three months4 #b4 ,to clean ,bed-rooms4--,in cleaning bed-rooms infested with bugs1 take the bedsteads asunder1 and wash every part of them1 but especially the joints1 with a strong solution of corrosive sublimate in spirits of turpentine2 as the sublimate is a fatal poison1 the bottle containing the above solution should be labelled ,poison2 it should be used very carefully1 and laid on with a brush kept for the purpose4 ,bugs can only be removed from walls by taking down the paper1 washing them with the above poison1 and re-papering4 ,in bed-rooms with fires1 a whisk-brush is best to clear the curtains and hangings from dust4 ,to remove grease or oil from boards1 drop on the spots spirits of turpentine before the floor is scoured4 ,the house-maid should be provided with a box1 with divisions1 to convey her various utensils1 as brushes1 black lead1 c41 from room to room1 and a small mat to kneel upon while cleaning the grate4 #c4 ,scouring ,bed-rooms4--,this should never be done in winter if it can be avoided1 as it is productive of many coughs and colds4 ,if inevitable1 a dry day should be selected1 and the windows and doors should be left wide open till dusk4 ,a fire ought always to be made in the room after cleaning4 #d4 ,to clean ,carpets4--,before sweeping a carpet1 sprinkle over it a few handfuls of waste tea-leaves4 ,a stiff hair-broom or brush should be used1 unless the carpet be very dirty1 when a whisk or carpet-broom should be used first1 followed by another made of hair to take off the loose dirt4 ,the frequent use of a stiff broom soon injures the beauty of the best carpet4 ,an ordinary clothes-brush is best adapted for superior carpets4 ,when ,brussels carpets are very much soiled1 take them up and beat them perfectly free from dust4 ,have the floor thoroughly scoured and dry1 and nail the carpet firmly down to it4 ,if still soiled1 take a pailful of clean1 cold water1 and put into it about three gills of ox-gall4 ,take another pail1 with clean1 cold water only2 now rub with a soft scrubbing-brush some of the ox-gall water on the carpet1 which will raise a lather4 ,when a convenient-sized portion is done1 wash the lather off with a clean linen cloth dipped in the clean water4 ,let this water be changed frequently4 ,when all the lather has disappeared1 rub the part with a clean1 dry cloth4 ,after all is done1 open the window to allow the carpet to dry4 ,a carpet treated in this manner1 will be greatly refreshed in color1 particularly the greens4 ,kidderminster carpets will scarcely bear the above treatment without becoming so soft as speedily to become dirty again4 ,this may1 in some measure1 be prevented by brushing them over with a hot1 weak solution of size in water1 to which a little alum has been added4 ,curd soap dissolved in hot water1 may be used instead of ox-gall1 but it is more likely to injure the colors1 if produced by false dyes4 ,where there are spots of grease in the carpeting1 they may be covered with curd soap dissolved in boiling water1 and rubbed with a brush until the stains are removed1 when they must be cleaned with warm water as before4 ,the addition of a little gall to the soap renders it more efficacious4 ,the carpets should be nailed on the full stretch1 else they will shrink4 ,fullers' earth is also used for cleaning carpets2 and alum1 or soda1 dissolved in water1 for reviving the colors4 #e4 ,to clean ,turkey ,carpets4--,to revive the color of a ,turkey carpet1 beat it well with a stick till the dust is all got out2 then1 with a lemon or sorrel juice1 take out the spots of ink1 if the carpet be stained with any2 wash it in cold water1 and afterwards shake out all the water from the threads of the carpet4 ,when it is thoroughly dry1 rub it all over with the crumb of a hot wheaten loaf2 and1 if the weather is very fine1 hang it out in the open air a night or two4 #f4 ,cheap ,carpeting4--,sew together strips of the cheapest cotton cloth1 of the size of the room1 and tack the edges to the floor4 ,then paper the cloth1 as you would the sides of a room1 with any sort of room paper4 ,after being well dried1 give it two coats of varnish1 and your carpet is finished4 ,it can be washed like carpets1 without injury1 retains its gloss1 and1 on chambers or sleeping rooms1 where it will not meet rough usage1 will last for two years1 as good as new4 #g4 ,to beat a ,carpet4--,hang the carpet upon a clothes-line1 or upon a stout line between two trees2 it should then be beaten on the wrong side1 by three or four persons1 each having a pliable stick1 with cloth tied strongly in a knob on the end1 in order to prevent the carpet from being torn1 or the seams split1 by the sharp end of the stick4 ,when thoroughly beaten on the wrong side1 the carpet should be turned1 and beaten on the right side4 #h4 ,floor or ,oil ,cloths4--,floor-cloths should be chosen that are painted on a fine cloth1 which is well covered with the color1 and the patterns on which do not rise much above the ground1 as they wear out first4 ,the durability of the cloth will depend much on these particulars1 but more especially on the time it has been painted1 and the goodness of the colors4 ,if they have not been allowed sufficient time for becoming thoroughly hardened1 a very little use will injure them2 and1 as they are very expensive articles1 care in preserving them is necessary4 ,it answers to keep them some time before they are used1 either hung up in a dry barn where they will have air1 or laid down in a spare room4 ,when taken up for the winter1 they should be rolled round a carpet-roller1 and observe not to crack the paint by turning the edges in too suddenly4 ,old carpets answer extremely well1 painted and seasoned some months before laid down4 ,if for passages1 the width must be directed when they are sent to the manufactory1 as they are cut before painting4 #i4 ,to clean ,floor cloths4--,sweep1 then wipe them with a flannel2 and when all dust and spots are removed1 rub with a waxed flannel1 and then with a dry plain one2 but use little wax1 and rub only enough with the latter to give a little smoothness1 or it may endanger falling4 ,washing now and then with milk1 after the above sweeping and dry-rubbing them1 gives as beautiful a look1 and they are less slippery4 #aj4 ,method of ,cleaning ,paper-hangings4--,cut into eight half quarters a large loaf1 two days old2 it must neither be newer nor staler4 ,with one of these pieces1 after having blown off all the dust from the paper to be cleaned1 by means of a good pair of bellows1 begin at the top of the room1 holding the crust in the hand1 and wiping lightly downward with the crumb1 about half a yard at each stroke1 till the upper part of the hangings is completely cleaned all round4 ,then go round again1 with the like sweeping stroke downwards1 always commencing each successive course a little higher than the upper stroke had extended1 till the bottom be finished4 ,this operation1 if carefully performed1 will frequently make very old paper look almost equal to new4 ,great caution must be used not by any means to rub the paper hard1 nor to attempt cleaning it the cross1 or horizontal way4 ,the dirty part of the bread1 too1 must be each time cut away1 and the pieces renewed as soon as it may become necessary4 #aa4 ,to clean ,paint4--,never use a cloth1 but take off the dust with a little long-haired brush1 after blowing off the loose parts with the bellows4 ,with care1 paint will look well for a long time1 if guarded from the influence of the sun4 ,when soiled1 dip a sponge or a bit of flannel into soda and water1 wash it off quickly1 and dry immediately1 or the soda will eat off the color4 ,some persons use strong soap and water1 instead4 ,when the wainscot requires scouring1 it should be done from the top downwards1 and the water be prevented from running on the unclean parts as much as possible1 or marks will be made which will appear after the whole is finished4 ,one person should dry with old linen1 as fast as the other has scoured off the dirt1 and washed off the soap4 #ab4 ,to give to ,boards a beautiful appearance4--,after washing them very nicely with soda and warm water and a brush1 wash them with a very large sponge and clean water4 ,both times observe to leave no spot untouched2 and clean straight up and down1 not crossing from board to board2 then dry with clean cloths1 rubbed hard up and down in the same way4 ,the floors should not be often wetted1 but very thoroughly when done2 and once a-week dry-rubbed with hot sand and a heavy brush the right way of the boards4 ,the sides of stairs or passages on which are carpets or floor-cloths1 should be washed with sponge instead of linen or flannel1 and the edges will not be soiled4 ,different sponges should be kept for the above two uses2 and those and the brushes should be well washed when done with1 and kept in dry places4 #ab;a4 ,to extract ,oil from ,boards or ,stone4--,make a strong ley of pearlashes and soft water1 and add as much unslaked lime as it will take up2 stir it together1 and then let it settle a few minutes2 bottle it1 and stop close2 have ready some water to lower it as used1 and scour the part with it4 ,if the liquor should lie long on the boards1 it will draw out the color of them2 therefore do it with care and expedition4 #ac4 ,to scour ,boards4--,mix together one part lime1 three parts common sand1 and two parts soft soap2 lay a little of this on the scrubbing-brush1 and rub the board thoroughly4 ,afterwards rinse with clean water1 and dry with a clean coarse cloth4 ,this will keep the boards a good color3 it is also useful in keeping away vermin4 ,for that object1 early in the spring1 beds should be taken down1 and furniture in general removed and examined2 bed-hangings and window-curtains1 if not washed1 should be shaken and brushed2 and the joints of bedsteads1 the backs of drawers1 and indeed1 every part of furniture1 except polished mahogany1 should be carefully cleaned with the above mixture1 or with equal parts of lime and soft soap1 without any sand4 ,in old houses1 where there are holes in the boards1 which often abound with vermin1 after scrubbing in1 as far as the brush can reach1 a thick plaster of the above should be spread over the holes1 and covered with paper4 ,when these things are timely attended to1 and combined with general cleanliness1 vermin may generally be kept away1 even in crowded cities4 #ad4 ,to wash ,stone ,stairs and ,halls4--,wash them first with hot water and a clean flannel1 and then wash them over with pipe-clay mixed in water4 ,when dry1 rub them1 with a coarse flannel4 #ae4 ,to take ,oil and ,grease out of ,floors and ,stone ,halls4--,make a strong infusion of potash with boiling water2 add to it as much quick-lime as will make it of the consistence of thick cream2 let it stand a night1 then pour off the clear part1 which is to be bottled for use4 ,when wanted1 warm a little of it2 pour it upon the spots1 and after it has been on them for a few minutes1 scour it off with warm water and soap1 as it is apt to discolor the boards when left too long on them4 ,when put upon stone1 it is best to let it remain all night2 and if the stain be a bad one1 a little powdered hot lime may be put upon it before the infusion is poured on4 #af4 ,to clean ,marble4--,muriatic acid1 either diluted or pure1 as occasion may require1 proves efficacious4 ,if too strong1 it will deprive the marble of its polish1 which may be easily restored by the use of a piece of felt1 with some powder of putty or tripoli1 with either1 making use of water4 #ag4 ,to clean ,marble4 ,another way4--,mix lb4 of soft soap with the same of pounded whiting1 #a oz4 of soda1 and a piece of stone-blue the size of a walnut2 boil these together for of an hour2 whilst hot1 rub it over the marble with a piece of flannel1 and leave it on for #bd hours2 then wash it off with clean water1 and polish the marble with a piece of coarse flannel1 or what is better1 a piece of an old hat4 #ah4 ,to take ,stains out of ,marble4--,mix unslaked lime in finest powder with stringent soap-ley1 pretty thick1 and instantly with a painter's brush lay it on the whole of the marble4 ,in two months' time wash it off perfectly clean2 then have ready a fine thick lather of soft soap1 boiled in soft water2 dip a brush in it1 and scour the marble4 ,this will1 with very good rubbing1 give a beautiful polish4 #ai4 ,to take ,iron-stains out of ,marble4--,an equal quantity of fresh spirit of vitriol and lemon-juice being mixed in a bottle1 shake it well2 wet the spots1 and in a few minutes rub with soft linen till they disappear4 #bj4 ,mixture for cleaning ,stone ,stairs1 ,hall ,pavements1 c4--,boil together half a pint each of size and stone-blue water1 with two table-spoonfuls of whiting1 and two cakes of pipe-makers' clay1 in about two quarts of water4 ,wash the stones over with a flannel slightly wetted in this mixture2 and when dry1 rub them with flannel and a brush4 ,some persons recommend beer1 but water is much better for the purpose4 #ba4 ,to ,color or ,paper the ,walls of ,rooms4--,if a ceiling or wall is to be whitewashed or colored1 the first thing to be done is1 to wash off the dirt and stains with a brush and clean water1 being careful to move the brush in one direction1 up and down1 and not all sorts of ways1 or the work will look smeary afterwards4 ,when dry1 the ceiling is ready for whitewash1 which is to be made by mixing whiting and water together1 till quite smooth1 and as thick as cream4 ,dissolve half-an-ounce of glue in a teacupful of water1 stir it into the whitewash4 ,this size1 as it is called1 prevents the white or color rubbing off the wall1 and a teacupful is enough for a gallon of wash4 ,stone color is made by mixing a little yellow ochre and blue black with the size1 and then stirring it into the whitewash2 yellow or red ochre are also good colors1 and1 with vermilion or indigo1 any shade may be prepared1 according to taste4 ,if paper is to be used1 the wall must be washed with clean water1 as above explained2 and while wet1 the old color must be scraped off with a knife1 or a smooth-edged steel scraper of any sort4 ,it will be best to wet a yard or two at a time1 and then scrape4 ,next1 wash the wall all over with size1 made with an ounce of glue to a gallon of water2 and when this is dry1 the wall is ready for the paper4 ,this must be cut into lengths according to the different parts of the room2 one edge of the plain strip must be cut off close to the pattern1 and the other left half an inch wide4 ,if the paper is thick1 it should lie a minute or two after it is pasted2 but if thin1 the sooner it is on the wall1 the better4 ,begin by placing the close-cut edge of the paper at one side of the window1 stick it securely to meet the ceiling1 let it hang straight1 and then press it down lightly and regularly with a clean cloth4 ,the close-cut edge of the next length will cover the half-inch left on the first one1 and so make a neat join2 and in this way you may go all round the room1 and finish at the other side of the window4 #bb4 ,damp ,walls4--,damp may be prevented from exuding from walls by first drying them thoroughly1 and then covering them with the following mixture3 ,in a quart of linseed oil1 boil three ounces of litharge1 and four ounces of resin4 ,apply this in successive coats1 and it will form a hard varnish on the wall after the fifth coating4 #bc4 ,to clean ,moreen ,curtains4--,having removed the dust and clinging dirt as much as possible with a brush1 lay the curtain on a large table1 sprinkle on it a little bran1 and rub it round with a piece of clean flannel2 when the bran and flannel become soiled1 use fresh1 and continue rubbing till the moreen looks bright1 which it will do in a short time4 #bd4 ,to clean ,calico ,furniture4--,shake off the loose dust2 then lightly brush with a small1 long-haired furniture-brush2 after which wipe it closely with clean flannels1 and rub it with dry bread4 ,if properly done1 the curtains will look nearly as well as at first2 and1 if the color be not light1 they will not require washing for years4 ,fold in large parcels1 and put carefully by4 ,while the furniture remains up1 it should be preserved from the sun and air as much as possible1 which injure delicate colors2 and the dust may be blown off with bellows4 ,by the above mode curtains may be kept clean1 even to use with the linings newly dipped4 #be4 ,making ,beds4--,close or press bedsteads are ill adapted for young persons or invalids2 when their use is unavoidable1 the bed-clothes should be displaced every morning1 and left for a short time before they are shut up4 ,the windows of bed-rooms should be kept open for some hours every day1 to carry off the effluvia from the bed-clothes2 the bed should also be shaken up1 and the clothes spread about1 in which state the longer they remain1 the better4 ,the bed being made1 the clothes should not be tucked in at the sides or foot1 as that prevents any further purification taking place1 by the cool air passing through them4 ,a warming-pan should be chosen without holes in the lid4 ,about a yard of moderately-sized iron chain1 made red hot and put into the pan1 is a simple and excellent substitute for coals4 #bf4 ,to ,detect ,dampness in ,beds4--,let the bed be well warmed1 and immediately after the warming-pan is taken out1 introduce between the sheets1 in an inverted position1 a clean glass goblet3 after it has remained in that situation a few minutes1 examine it2 if found dry and not tarnished with steam1 the bed is perfectly safe2 and vice versa4 ,in the latter case1 it will be best to sleep between the blankets4 #bg4 ,beech-tree ,leaves4--,the leaves of the beech-tree1 collected at autumn1 in dry weather1 form an admirable article for filling beds for the poor4 ,the smell is grateful and wholesome2 they do not harbor vermin1 are very elastic1 and may be replenished annually without cost4 #bh4 ,useful ,hints relative to ,bed-clothes1 ,mattresses1 ,cushions1 c4--,the purity of feathers and wool employed for mattresses and cushions ought to be considered as a first object of salubrity4 ,animal emanations may1 under many circumstances1 be prejudicial to the health2 but the danger is still greater1 when the wool is impregnated with sweat of persons who have experienced putrid and contagious diseases4 ,bed-clothes1 and the wool of mattresses1 therefore1 cannot be too often beat1 carded1 cleaned1 and washed4 ,this is a caution which cannot be too often recommended4 ,it would be very easy in most situations1 and very effectual1 to fumigate them with muriatic gas4 #bi4 ,to clean ,feathers of their ,oil4--,in each gallon of clean water mix a pound of quick-lime1 and when the undissolved lime settles in fine powder1 pour off the lime-water for use4 ,having put the feathers to be cleaned into a tub1 pour the clear lime-water upon them1 and stir them well about2 let them remain three or four days in the lime-water1 which should then be separated from them by laying them in a sieve4 ,the feathers should next be washed in clean water1 and dried upon fine nets2 they will then only require beating1 to get rid of the dust1 previous to use4 ,to restore the spring of damaged feathers1 it is only necessary to dip them in warm water for a short time4 #cj4 ,to purify ,wool infested with ,insects4--,the process of purification consists in putting into three pints of boiling water a pound and a half of alum1 and as much cream of tartar1 which are diluted in twenty-three pints more of cold water4 ,the wool is then left immersed in this liquor during some days1 after which it is washed and dried4 ,after this operation1 it will no longer be subject to be attacked by insects4 #ca4 ,to clean ,looking-glasses4--,keep for this purpose a piece of sponge1 a cloth1 and a silk handkerchief1 all entirely free from dirt1 as the least grit will scratch the fine surface of the glass4 ,first1 sponge it with a little spirit of wine1 or gin and water1 so as to clean off all spots2 then1 dust over it powder-blue1 tied in muslin1 rub it lightly and quickly off with the cloth1 and finish by rubbing it with the silk handkerchief4 ,be careful not to rub the edges of the frames4 #cb4 ,to preserve ,gilding1 and clean it4--,it is impossible to prevent flies from staining the gilding without covering it2 before which1 blow off the light dust1 and pass a feather or clean brush over it1 but never touch it with water2 then1 with strips of paper1 or rather gauze1 cover the frames of your glasses1 and do not remove till the flies are gone4 ,linen takes off the gilding and deadens its brightness2 it should1 therefore1 never be used for wiping it4 ,a good preventive against flies is1 to boil three or four leeks in a pint of water1 and then with a gilding-brush wash over the glasses and frames with the liquid1 and the flies will not go near the articles so washed4 ,this will not injure the frames in the least4 ,stains or spots may be removed by gently wiping them with cotton dipped in sweet oil4 #cc4 ,to retouch the rubbed parts of a ,picture-frame4--,give the wood a coating of size made by dissolving isinglass with a weak spirit4 ,when nearly dry1 lay on some gold leaf2 and polish1 when quite dry1 with an agate burnisher1 or any similar substance4 #cd4 ,furniture ,oil4--,put into a jar one pint of linseed oil into which stir one ounce of powdered rose pink1 and one ounce of alkanet root1 beaten in a mortar3 set the jar in a warm place for a few days1 when the oil will be deeply colored1 and the substances having settled1 the oil may be poured off1 and will be excellent for darkening new mahogany4 #ce4 ,furniture ,paste4--,put turpentine into a glazed pot1 and scrape beeswax into it1 which stir about till the liquid is of the thickness of cream2 it will then be good for months1 if kept clean2 and furniture cleaned with the liquid thus made1 will not receive stains so readily as when the turpentine and wax are heated over the fire2 which plan is1 besides1 very dangerous2 but if the heating be preferred1 place the vessel containing the wax and turpentine in another containing boiling water4 #cf4 ,french ,polish for ,furniture4--,to one pint of spirits of wine1 add half an ounce of gum-shellac1 half an ounce of gum-lac1 a quarter of an ounce of gum-sandarac2 place the whole in a gentle heat1 frequently shaking it1 till the gums are dissolved1 when it is fit for use4 ,make a roller of list1 put a little of the polish upon it1 and cover that with a piece of soft linen rag1 which must be lightly touched with cold-drawn linseed oil4 ,rub the wood in a circular direction1 not covering too large a space at a time1 till the pores of the wood are sufficiently filled up4 ,after this1 rub in the same manner spirits of wine1 with a small portion of the polish added to it2 and a most brilliant polish will be produced4 ,if the article should have been polished with wax1 it will be necessary to clean it off with fine glass paper4 #cg4 ,another ,polish and ,varnish4--,the only way to preserve polish on rosewood ,french-polished furniture1 is to keep it continually rubbed with a chamois leather and a silk handkerchief4 ,we have no better remedy to offer for scratches on the wood than filling them in with a little oil covered with alkanet-root4 ,the following varnish for furniture not ,french-polished1 has been highly recommended3 ,melt one part of virgin white wax with eight parts of petroleum2 lay a slight coat of this mixture on the wood with a fine brush while warm2 the oil will then evaporate1 and leave a thin coat of wax1 which should afterwards be polished with a coarse woolen cloth4 #ch4 ,polish for ,dining ,tables4--,is to rub them with cold-drawn linseed oil1 thus3 ,put a little in the middle of a table1 and then with a piece of linen 7never use woolen7 cloth rub it well all over the table2 then take another piece of linen and rub it for ten minutes1 then rub it till quite dry with another cloth4 ,this must be done every day for some months1 when you will find your mahogany acquire a permanent and beautiful lustre1 unattainable by any other means1 and equal to the finest ,french polish2 and if the table is covered with the table-cloth only1 the hottest dishes will make no impression upon it2 and when once this polish is produced1 it will only require dry rubbing with a linen cloth for about ten minutes1 twice in a week1 to preserve it in the highest perfection2 which never fails to please your employers2 and remember1 that to please others is always the surest way to profit yourself4 ,if the appearance must be more immediately produced1 take some ,,furniture ,,paste4 #ci4 ,varnished ,furniture4--,this may be finished off so as to look equal to the best ,french polished wood1 in the following manner1 which is also suitable to other varnished surfaces4 ,take two ounces of ,tripoli powder1 put it into an earthen pot1 with just enough water to cover it2 then take a piece of white flannel1 lay it over a piece of cork or rubber1 and proceed to polish the varnish1 always wetting it with the ,tripoli and water4 ,it will be known when the process is finished by wiping a part of the work with a sponge1 and observing whether there is a fair1 even gloss4 ,when this is the case1 take a bit of mutton suet and fine flour1 and clean the work4 ,frames of varnished wood may be cleaned to look new1 by careful washing with a sponge and soap and water1 but nothing stronger should be used4 #dj4 ,varnish for ,violins1 c4--,take a gallon of rectified spirits of wine1 twelve ounces of mastic1 and a pint of turpentine varnish2 put them all together in a tin can1 and keep it in a very warm place1 shaking it occasionally till it is perfectly dissolved2 then strain it1 and it is fit for use4 ,if you find it necessary1 you may dilute it with turpentine varnish4 ,this varnish is also very useful for furniture of plum-tree1 mahogany1 or rosewood4 #da4 ,white ,varnish4--,the white varnish used for toys is made of sandarac1 eight ounces2 mastic1 two ounces2 ,canada balsam1 four ounces2 alcohol1 one quart4 ,this is white1 drying1 and capable of being polished when hard4 ,another varnish for objects of the toilet1 such as work-boxes1 card-cases1 c41 is made of gum sandarac1 six ounces2 elemi 7genuine71 four ounces3 anime1 one ounce2 camphor1 half an ounce2 rectified spirit1 one quart4 ,melt slowly4 ,these ingredients may1 of course1 be lessened in proportion4 #db4 ,to remove ,ink-spots from ,mahogany4--,drop on the spots a very small quantity of spirits of salt2 rub it with a feather or piece of flannel1 taking care not to let the spirit reach the fingers or clothes2 in four or five minutes1 wash it off with water4 ,or1 mix a teaspoonful of burnt alum1 powdered1 with a quarter of an ounce of oxalic acid1 in half a pint of cold water2 to be used by wetting a rag with it1 and rubbing it on the ink-spots4 ,or1 crumple a piece of blotting-paper1 so as to make it firm1 wet it1 and with it rub the ink-spot firmly and briskly1 when it will disappear2 and the white mark from the operation may be immediately removed by rubbing it with a cloth4 #dc4 ,or3--,dilute a teaspoonful of oil of vitriol with a large spoonful of water1 and touch the part with a feather2 watch it1 for if it stays too long1 it will leave a white mark4 ,it is1 therefore1 better to rub it quickly1 and repeat if not quite removed4 #dd4 ,to clean ,chairs4--,scrape down one or two ounces of beeswax1 put it into a jar1 and pour as much spirits of turpentine over it as will cover it3 let it stand till dissolved4 ,put a little upon a flannel or bit of green baize1 rub it upon the chairs1 and polish them with a brush4 ,a very small portion of finely-powdered white rosin may be mixed with the turpentine and wax4 #de4 ,to clean and restore the ,elasticity of ,cane ,chair ,bottoms1 ,couches1 c4--,turn up the chair bottom1 c41 and with hot water and a sponge wash the cane work well1 so that it may be well soaked2 should it be dirty1 you must add soap2 let it dry in the air1 and you will find it as tight and firm as when new1 providing the cane is not broken4 #df4 ,blacking for ,leather ,seats1 c4--,beat well the yolks of two eggs1 and the white of one2 mix a tablespoonful of gin and a teaspoonful of sugar1 thicken it with ivory black1 add it to the eggs1 and use as common blacking2 the seats or cushions being left a day or two to harden4 #dg4 ,to prevent ,hinges ,creaking4--,rub them with soft soap1 or a feather dipped in oil4 #dh4 ,swallows' ,nests4--,to prevent swallows building under eaves1 or in window corners1 rub the places with oil or soft soap4 #di4 ,to clean ,polished ,grates and ,irons4--,make into a paste with cold water1 four pounds of putty-powder and one of finely-powdered whiting2 rub off carefully the spots from the irons1 and with a dry clean duster rub the irons with the mixture always in the same direction till bright and clear4 ,plain dry whiting will keep it highly polished if well attended to every day4 ,the putty mixture should be used only to remove spots4 #ej4 ,to clean the ,back of the ,grate1 the inner ,hearth1 and the fronts of ,cast-,iron ,stoves4--,mix black lead and whites of eggs well beaten together2 dip a painter's brush1 and wet all over1 then rub it bright with a hard brush4 #ea4 ,to remove the ,black from the ,bright ,bars of ,polished ,stoves in a few minutes4--,rub them well with some of the following mixture on a bit of broadcloth2 when the dirt is removed1 wipe them clean1 and polish with glass 7not sand7 paper4 #eb4 ,for ,mixture3--,boil slowly one pound of soft soap in two quarts of water to one quart4 ,of this jelly take three or four spoonfuls1 and mix to a consistence with emery4 #ec4 ,to clean ,bright ,stoves4--,there are many ways of cleaning a stove1 but if the ornamental parts be neglected1 rust will soon disfigure the surface1 and lead to incalculable trouble4 ,emery dust1 moistened into a paste with sweet oil1 should be kept in a little jar2 this should be applied on a bung1 up and down1 never crossways1 until marks or burns disappear4 ,a dry leather should then remove the oil1 and a polish should afterwards be given with putty powder on a dry clean leather4 #ed4 ,another way to clean ,grates4--,the best mixture for cleaning bright stove-grates is rotten-stone and sweet oil3 they require constant attention1 for1 if rust be once suffered to make its appearance1 it will become a toil to efface it4 ,polished fire-irons1 if not allowed to rust by neglect1 will require merely rubbing with leather2 and the higher the polish1 the less likely they are to rust4 ,if the room be shut up for a time1 and the grates be not used1 to prevent their rusting1 cover them with lime and sweet oil4 ,bright fenders are cleaned as stoves2 cast-iron fenders require black lead2 they should not1 however1 be cleaned in the sitting-room1 as the powdered lead may fly about and injure carpets and furniture4 ,a good plan is to send cast-iron fenders to be bronzed or lackered by the iron-monger2 they will then only require brushing1 to free the dust from the ornamental work4 ,the bright top of a fender should be cleaned with fine emery-paper4 #ee4 ,to prevent ,fire-,irons becoming ,rusty4--,rub them with sweet oil1 and dust over them unslaked lime4 ,if they be rusty1 oil them for two or three days1 then wipe them dry1 and polish with flour emery1 powdered pumice-stone1 or lime4 ,a mixture of tripoli with half its quantity of sulphur1 will also remove rust2 as will emery mixed with soft soap1 boiled to a jelly4 ,the last mixture is also used for removing the fire-marks from bright bars4 #ef4 ,to ,color the ,backs of ,chimneys with ,lead ,ore4--,clean them with a very strong brush1 and carefully rub off the dust and rust2 pound about a quarter of a pound of lead ore into a fine powder1 and put it into a vessel with half a pint of vinegar1 then apply it to the back of the chimney with a brush4 ,when it is made black with this liquid1 take a dry brush1 dip it in the same powder without vinegar2 then dry and rub it with this brush1 till it becomes as shining as glass4 #eg4 ,to blacken the fronts of ,stone ,chimney-pieces4--,mix oil-varnish with lamp-black1 and a little spirit of turpentine to thin it to the consistence of paint4 ,wash the stone with soap and water very clean2 then sponge it with clear water2 and when perfectly dry1 brush it over twice with this color1 letting it dry between the times4 ,it looks extremely well4 ,the lamp-black must be sifted first4 #eh4 ,composition that will effectually prevent ,iron1 ,steel1 c41 from rusting4--,this method consists in mixing1 with fat oil varnish1 four-fifths of well rectified spirit of turpentine4 ,the varnish is to be applied by means of a sponge2 and articles varnished in this manner will retain their metallic brilliancy1 and never contract any spots of rust4 ,it may be applied to copper1 and to the preservation of philosophical instruments2 which1 by being brought into contact with water1 are liable to lose their splendor1 and become tarnished4 #ei4 ,to keep ,arms and polished ,metal from ,rust4--,dissolve one ounce of camphor in two pounds of hog's lard1 observing to take off the scum2 then mix as much black lead as will give the mixture an iron color4 ,fire-arms1 c41 rubbed over with this mixture1 and left with it on twenty-four hours1 and then dried with a linen cloth1 will keep clean for many months4 #fj4 ,to preserve ,irons from ,rust4--,melt fresh mutton-suet1 and smear over the iron with it while hot2 then dust it well with unslaked lime pounded and tied up in a muslin4 ,irons so prepared will keep many months4 ,use no oil for them but salad-oil1 there being water in all other4 ,fire-irons should be wrapped in baize1 and kept in a dry place1 when not used4 #fa4 ,to prevent polished ,hardware and ,cutlery from taking ,rust4--,case-knives1 snuffers1 watch-chains1 and other small articles made of steel1 may be preserved from rust1 by being carefully wiped after use1 and then wrapped in coarse brown paper1 the virtue of which is such1 that all hardware goods from ,sheffield1 ,birmingham1 c41 are always wrapped in the same4 #fb4 ,another way4--,beat into three pounds of fresh hog's-lard two drachms of camphor till it is dissolved2 then add as much black lead as will make it the color of broken steel4 ,dip a rag in it1 and rub it thick on the stove1 c41 and the steel will never rust1 even if wet4 ,when it is to be used1 the grease must be washed off with hot water1 and the steel be dried before polishing4 #fc4 ,to take ,rust out of ,steel4--,cover the steel with sweet oil well rubbed on it1 and in forty-eight hours use unslaked lime finely powdered1 to rub until all the rust disappears4 #fd4 ,to clean ,plate4--,see that the plate is quite free from grease1 by having been washed1 if necessary1 in warm soap and water4 ,then mix some whiting with water1 and with a sponge rub it well on the plate1 which will take the tarnish off1 making use of a brush not too hard1 to clean the intricate parts4 ,next1 take some rouge-powder1 mix it with water to about the thickness of cream1 and with a small piece of leather 7which should be kept for that purpose only7 apply the rouge4 ,this1 with a little rubbing1 will produce a most beautiful polish4 ,this is the actual manner in which silversmiths clean their plate4 #fe4 ,the common method of cleaning ,plate4--,first wash it well with soap and warm water2 when perfectly dry1 mix together a little whiting and sweet oil1 so as to make a soft paste2 then take a piece of flannel1 rub it on the plate1 then with a leather1 and plenty of dry whiting1 rub it clean off again2 then with a clean leather and a brush1 finish it4 #ff4 ,an easy way to clean ,plate4--,a flannel and soap1 and soft water1 with proper rubbing1 will clean plate nicely4 ,it should be wiped dry with a good-sized piece of soft leather4 #fg4 ,plate ,powder4--,in most of the articles sold as plate powders1 under a variety of names1 there is an injurious mixture of quicksilver1 which is said sometimes so far to penetrate and render silver brittle1 that it will even break with a fall4 ,whiting1 properly purified from sand1 applied wet1 and rubbed till dry1 is one of the easiest1 safest1 and certainly the cheapest of all plate powders3 jewelers and silversmiths1 for small articles1 seldom use any thing else4 ,if1 however1 the plate be boiled a little in water1 with an ounce of calcined hartshorn in powder to about three pints of water1 then drained over the vessel in which it was boiled1 and afterwards dried by the fire1 while some soft linen rags are boiled in the liquid till they have wholly imbibed it2 these rags will1 when dry1 not only assist to clean the plate1 which must afterwards be rubbed bright with leather1 but also serve admirably for cleaning brass locks1 finger-plates1 c4 #fh4 ,to cleanse ,gold4--,wash the article in warm suds made of delicate soap and water1 with ten or fifteen drops of sal-volatile4 7,the sal-volatile will render the metal brittle4 ,this hint may be used or left1 at pleasure47 #fi4 ,to clean ,brass and ,copper4--,rub it over slightly with a bit of flannel dipped in sweet oil2 next1 rub it hard with another bit dipped in finely-powdered rotten stone2 then make it clean with a soft linen cloth1 and finish by polishing it with a plate-leather4 #gj4 ,obs4--,the inside of brass or copper vessels should be scoured with fullers' earth and water1 and set to dry1 else the tinning will be injured4 #ga4 ,another way to clean ,brass and ,copper4--,put one pennyworth of powdered rotten stone into a dry1 clean quart bottle2 nearly fill it up with cold soft water2 shake it well1 and add one penny-worth of vitriol4 ,rub it on with a rag1 and dry it with a clean1 soft cloth1 and then polish it with a plate-leather4 ,this mixture will keep for a long time1 and becomes better the longer it is kept4 ,but the first method gives the most lasting polish1 as well as the finest color4 #gb4 ,to clean ,brass ,ornaments4--,wash the ornament in a strong solution of boiled roche-alum1 in the proportion of an ounce to a pint of water4 ,when dry1 rub them with fine tripoli powder4 #gc4 ,polishing ,paste for ,britannia metal1 tins1 brasses1 and coppers1 is composed of rotten-stone1 soft soap1 and oil of turpentine4 ,the stone must be powdered and sifted through a muslin or hair sieve3 mix with it as much soft soap as will bring it to the stiffness of putty3 to about half-a-pound of this1 add two ozs4 of oil of turpentine4 ,it may be made up in balls1 or put in gallipots2 it will soon become hard1 and will keep any length of time4 ,method of using3--,the articles to be polished should be perfectly freed from grease and dirt4 ,moisten a little of the paste with water1 smear it over the metal1 then rub briskly with dry rag or wash-leather1 and it will soon bear a beautiful polish4 #gd4 ,to clean ,britannia metal4--,rub the article with a piece of flannel moistened with sweet oil2 then apply a little pounded rotten-stone or polishing paste with the finger1 till the polish is produced2 then wash the article with soap and hot water1 and when dry1 rub with soft wash-leather1 and a little fine whiting4 #ge4 ,to clean ,pewter4--,scour it with fine white sand1 and strong ley made with wood-ashes1 soda1 or pearl-ash2 then rinse the pewter in clean water1 and set it to drain4 ,the best method1 however1 is to use the oil of tartar and sand4 #gf4 ,to clean ,tin ,covers4--,get the finest whiting2 mix a little of it powdered with the least drop of sweet oil1 rub the covers well with it1 and wipe them clean2 then dust over them some dry whiting in a muslin bag1 and rub bright with dry leather4 ,this last is to prevent rust1 which the cook must guard against by wiping them dry1 and putting them by the fire when they come from the parlor2 for if but once hung up damp1 the inside will rust4 #gg4 ,safe ,method of cleaning ,tea-urns4--,in an earthen gallipot put one ounce of bees'-wax1 cut up in small pieces2 set it by the fireside1 until perfectly melted and quite hot1 very near boiling heat2 remove the jar from the fire1 and stir into it rather less than a table-spoonful of salad oil1 and rather more than a table-spoonful of best spirits of turpentine2 continue stirring till well mixed and nearly cold2 fill the urn with boiling water so as to make it thoroughly hot1 apply a thin coating of the above mixture1 and rub with a soft cloth1 till all stickiness is removed1 then polish with a clean rag and a little crocus powder4 ,n4 ,b4--,the crocus powder must be very fine1 so as to sift through muslin4 #gh4 ,to clean ,gilt or ,lacquered ,articles4--,brush them with warm soap and water1 wipe them1 and set them before the fire to dry2 finish with a soft cloth4 ,by this simple means may be cleaned ormolu and ,french gilt candelabra1 branches1 and lamps2 mosaic gold and gilt jewelry1 toys and ornaments4 ,care is requisite in brushing the dirt from fine work1 and finishing it quite dry4 ,any thing stronger than soap1 as acids1 pearl-ash1 or soda1 will be liable to remove the lacquer4 ,to polish inlaid ,brass ,ornaments4--,mix powdered tripoli and linseed oil1 and dip in it a piece of hat1 with which rub the brass2 then1 if the wood be ebony1 or dark rosewood1 polish it with elder ashes in fine powder4 #gi4 ,to clean ,lacquer4--,make a paste of starch1 one part2 powdered rotten-stone1 twelve parts2 sweet oil1 two parts2 oxalic acid1 one part2 water to mix4 #hj4 ,to clean ,door-plates4--,to clean brass-plates on doors1 so as not to injure the paint at the edges1 cut the size of the plate out of a large piece of mill-board1 place it against the door1 and rub the plate with rotten-stone1 or crocus and sweet oil1 upon leather4 #ha4 ,to clean ,mother-o'-pearl4--,wash in whiting and water4 ,soap destroys the brilliancy4 #hb4 ,to clean ,knives and ,forks4--,hold the knives straightly on the board1 and pass them backward and forward in as straight a line as possible4 ,forks should be cleaned with a stick covered with buff-leather1 and finished with a brush4 ,the best article for cleaning is the powder of the well-known ,flanders bricks4 #hc4 ,of ,knife-boards4--,a knife-board properly made1 should consist of an inch-deal-board1 five feet long1 with a hole at one end by which it is to be hung up when not in use4 ,at this end1 the left hand1 and close to the front edge1 should be fastened a stiff brush for cleaning forks4 ,at the other end should be a box1 with the open end towards the hand1 and a sliding lid2 this should contain a bath-brick1 leathers for forks1 c41 so that the materials for cleaning may be shut in and hung up with the board4 ,or1 cover a smooth board free from knots1 with thick buff-leather1 on which spread1 the thickness of a shilling1 the following paste3--emery1 one ounce2 crocus1 three ounces2 mixed with lard or sweet oil4 ,this composition will not only improve the polish1 but also the edges of the knives4 #hd4 ,to re-fasten the loose handles of ,knives and ,forks4--,make a cement of common brick-dust and rosin1 melted together4 ,seal-engravers understand this receipt4 #he4 ,metal ,kettles and other ,vessels4--,the crust on boilers and kettles arises from the hardness of the water boiled in them4 ,its formation may be prevented by keeping in the vessel a marble1 or a potato tied in a piece of linen4 ,tin-plate vessels are cleanly and convenient2 but1 unless carefully dried after washing1 they will soon rust in holes4 ,iron coal-scoops are liable to rust from the damp of the coals4 ,if cold water be thrown on cast-iron when hot 7as the back of a grate71 it will crack4 ,cast-iron articles are brittle1 and cannot be repaired4 ,the tinning of copper-saucepans should be kept perfect1 clean1 and dry3 in which case they may be used with safety4 ,copper pans1 if put away damp1 will become coated with poisonous crust1 or verdigris1 as will also a boiling-copper1 if left wet4 ,when used for cooking1 and not properly cleaned1 copper vessels have occasioned death to persons partaking of soup which had been warmed in a pan infected with verdigris4 ,untinned copper or brass vessels are at all times dangerous3 it is absurd to suppose1 that if the copper or brass pan be scoured bright and clean1 there is little or no danger1 for this makes but a trifling difference2 such vessels for culinary purposes ought to be banished for ever from the kitchen4 ,a polished silver or brass tea-urn will keep the water hotter than one of a dull brown color1 such as is most commonly used4 ,the more of the surface of a kettle that is polished1 the sooner will water boil in it1 as the part coated with soot drives off rather than retains heat4 ,a polished metal tea-pot is preferable to one of earthenware2 because the earthen pot retains the heat only one-eighth of the time that a silver or polished metal pot will2 consequently1 the latter will best draw the tea4 ,a ,german saucepan is best adapted for boiling milk in3 this is a saucepan glazed with white earthenware1 instead of being tinned in the usual manner2 the glaze prevents the tendency to burn1 which1 it is well known1 milk possesses4 ,a stewpan1 made as the ,german saucepan1 is preferable to a metal preserving-pan2 simple washing keeps it sweet and clean1 and neither color nor flavor can by any chance be communicated to the article boiled in it4 ,ornamental furniture1 inlaid with brass or buhl1 should not be placed very near the fire1 as the metal when it becomes warm expands1 and1 being then too large for the space in which it was laid1 starts from the wood4 ,german silver will not rust2 but it does not contain a particle of silver1 it being only white copper4 ,if left in vinegar1 or any acid mixture1 it will become coated with verdigris4 ,salt should never be left in silver cellars1 else the metal will be much injured4 #hf4 ,to clean ,glasses4--,glasses should be first washed in warm clean soap-suds1 and rinsed in fresh cold water2 wipe off the wet with one cloth1 and finish them with another4 #hg4 ,cleaning ,decanters4--,those encrusted with dregs of port wine1 can be readily freed from stain by washing them with the refuse of the teapot1 leaves and all4 ,dip the decanter into a vessel containing warm water1 to prevent the hot tea-leaves from cracking the glass1 then empty the teapot into the decanter1 and shake it well4 ,the tannin of the tea has a chemical affinity for the crust on the glass4 #hh4 ,to clean ,decanters4--,put into them broken egg-shells1 pieces of coarse brown or blotting paper1 with pearlash1 and nearly fill them with lukewarm water2 shake them well for a few minutes1 or1 if very dirty1 leave them for some hours1 when rinse the decanters with cold water4 ,the settlement of the crust of wine in decanters1 may be best prevented by rinsing at night1 with cold water1 all the decanters used during the day4 ,to clean the outer work of decanters1 rub it with a damp sponge dipped in whiting2 then brush it well1 rinse the vessel in cold water1 drain1 and finish with a fine dry cloth4 #hi4 ,to remove ,crust from ,glass4--,it often happens that glass vessels used for flowers and other purposes1 receive an unsightly crust hard to be removed by scouring4 ,the best method is to wash it with a little diluted spirit of salts1 which will soon loosen it4 #ij4 ,to cleanse ,bottles4--,to cleanse bottles with bad smells1 put into them pieces of blotting or brown paper1 and fill up with water2 shake the bottles1 and leave them for a day or two1 when1 if they be not sweetened1 repeat the process1 and rinse with pure water4 #ia4 ,to restore the ,lustre of ,glasses tarnished by ,age or ,accident4--,strew on them powdered fuller's-earth1 carefully cleared from sand1 c41 and rub them carefully with a linen cloth4 ,oxide of tin 7putty7 would perhaps be better4 #ib4 ,to clean ,china4--,china is best cleaned1 when very dirty1 with finely-powdered fuller's-earth and warm water2 afterwards rinsing it well in clean water4 ,a little clean soft soap may be added to the water instead of fuller's-earth4 ,the same plan is recommended for cleaning glass4 #ic4 ,to clean ,alabaster4--,remove any spots of grease with spirit of turpentine3 then dip the article in water for about ten minutes1 rub it with a painter's brush and let it dry2 finish by rubbing it with a soft brush dipped into dry and fine plaster of ,paris4 #id4 ,to bleach ,ivory4--,ivory that has become discolored1 may be brought to a pure whiteness by exposing it to the sun under glasses2 having first brushed the ivory with pumice-stone1 burnt and made into a paste with water4 ,to conceal the cracks in antique ivory1 brush out the dust with warm water and soap1 and then place the ivory under glass4 ,it should be daily exposed to the sun1 and turned from time to time1 that it may become equally bleached4 #ie4 ,glazed ,vessels4--,the glazing of stone ware is sometimes very imperfect3 to test it1 nearly fill the vessel with vinegar1 into which put some fat of beef1 salted2 boil for half an hour1 and set it by for a day1 when1 if the glazing be imperfect1 small black particles of lead will be seen at the bottom of the vessel4 #if4 ,use of ,candle ,snuffs for cleaning ,glass4--,candle snuffs are generally thrown away as useless2 they are1 however1 of great utility for cleaning mirrors and windows1 especially the former4 ,for this purpose take a small quantity of the burnt snuffs and rub them with a soft cloth upon the surface of the mirror4 ,in a short time a splendid polish will appear1 superior to that obtained by other means4 ,we know those who clean the whole of the windows in a large house with snuffs2 and we are told that not only are the windows cleaned much better but also much quicker than by the ordinary methods4 ,a ,razor ,strop ,paste is also made of candle-snuffs1 and answers very well4 ,it consists in simply rubbing a small quantity of the snuffs upon the strop2 this imparts a keener edge to the razor than when no such paste is employed4 ,mechi's celebrated ,magic ,razor ,strop ,paste is certainly an excellent article1 but we question whether it be much superior to the ordinary and common-place substance now recommended4 #ig4 ,to loosen the ,glass ,stopples of ,smelling ,bottles and ,decanters4--,with a feather rub a drop or two of olive oil round the stopple1 close to the mouth of the bottle or decanter1 which must be then placed before the fire1 at the distance of a foot or eighteen inches2 in which position the heat will cause the oil to spread downward between the stopple and the neck4 ,when the bottle or decanter has grown warm1 gently strike the stopple on one side1 and on the other1 with any light wooden instrument2 then try it with the hand4 ,if it will not yet move1 place it again before the fire1 adding1 if you choose1 another drop of oil4 ,after a while strike again as before2 and by persevering in this process1 however tightly the stopple may be fastened in1 you will at length succeed in loosening it4 #ih4 ,or1 knocking the stopper gently with a piece of wood1 first on one side1 then on the other1 will generally loosen it4 ,if this method does not succeed1 a cloth wetted with hot water and applied to the neck1 will sometimes expand the glass sufficiently to allow the stopper to be easily withdrawn4 #ii4 ,crockery and ,glass4--,crockery and glass1 to be used for holding hot water1 are best seasoned by boiling them1 by putting the articles in a saucepan of cold water over the fire1 and letting the water just boil2 the saucepan should then be removed1 and the articles should be allowed to remain in it till the water is cold4 ,some kind of pottery is best seasoned by soaking in cold water4 ,choose thin rather than thick glasses1 as the thin glass is less likely to be broken by boiling water than that which is thicker2 for1 thin glass allows the heat to pass through it in least time4 ,the safest plan is to pour boiling water very slowly into cold glasses4 ,as boiling water will often break cold glass1 so a cold liquid will break hot glass2 thus wine1 if poured into decanters that have been placed before the fire1 will frequently break them4 ,glass dishes and stands made in moulds are much cheaper than others1 and they have a good appearance1 if not placed near cut-glass4 ,lamp-glasses are often cracked by the flame being too high when they are first placed round it2 the only method of preventing which is to lower the flame before the glass is put on the lamp1 and to raise the flame gradually as the glass heats4 #ajj4 ,polished ,tea ,urns preferable to varnished ones4--,polished tea urns may be kept boiling with a much less expense of spirits of wine1 than such as are varnished2 and the cleaner and brighter the dishes1 and covers for dishes1 which are used for bringing food to table1 and for keeping it hot1 the more effectually will they answer that purpose4 #aja4 ,japanned ,candlesticks and ,tea-,trays1 and ,paper work4--,to remove grease from these1 let the water be just warm enough to melt it2 then wipe them with a cloth1 and if they look smeared1 sprinkle a little flour on them1 and wipe it clean off4 ,wax candles should not be burned in the candlesticks1 as the wax cannot be taken off without injuring the varnish4 ,paper work is liable to break if let fall1 or if boiling water be poured on it4 #ajb4 ,to clean ,lamps4--,bronzed lamps should be wiped carefully2 if oil be frequently spilled over them1 it will cause the bronzing to be rubbed off sooner than it would disappear by wear4 ,brass lamps are best cleaned with crocus or rotten-stone and sweet oil4 ,lackered lamps may be washed with soap and water1 but should not be touched with acid or very strong ley1 else the lacker will soon come off4 ,when lamps are foul inside1 wash them with potash and water1 rinse them well1 set them before the fire1 and be sure they are dry before oil is again put into them4 ,lamps will have a less disagreeable smell1 if1 before using1 the cottons be dipped in hot vinegar1 and dried4 ,to clean ground-glass shades1 wash the insides carefully with weak soap and water1 lukewarm1 rub them very lightly and dry with a soft cloth4 #ajc4 ,to make economical ,wicks for ,lamps4--,when using a lamp with a flat wick1 if you take a piece of clean cotton stocking1 it will answer the purpose as well as the cotton wicks which are sold in the shops4 #ajd4 ,wax ,candles4--,should they get dirty and yellow1 wet them with a piece of flannel dipped in spirits of wine4 #aje4 ,blowing out a ,candle4--,there is one small fact in domestic economy which is not generally known2 but which is useful1 as saving time1 trouble1 and temper4 ,if a candle be blown out holding it above you1 the wick will not smoulder down1 and may therefore be easily lighted again2 but if blown upon downwards1 the contrary is the case4 #ajf4 ,plain ,hints about ,candles4--,candles improve by keeping a few months4 ,those made in winter are the best4 ,the most economical1 as well as the most convenient plan1 is to purchase them by the box1 keeping them always in a cool1 dry place4 ,if wax candles become discolored or soiled1 they may be restored by rubbing them over with a clean flannel slightly dipped in spirits of wine4 ,candles are sometimes difficult to light4 ,they will ignite instantly1 if1 when preparing them for the evening1 you dip the top in spirits of wine1 shortly before they are wanted4 ,light them always with a match1 and do not hold them to the fire1 as that will cause the tops to melt and drip4 ,always hold the match to the side of the wick1 and not over the top4 ,if you find the candles too small for the candlesticks1 always wrap a small piece of white paper round the bottom end1 not allowing the paper to appear above the socket4 ,cut the wicks to a convenient length for lighting 7nearly close72 for if the wick is too long at the top1 it will be very difficult to ignite1 and will also bend down1 and set the candle to running4 ,glass receivers1 for the droppings of candles1 are very convenient1 as well as ornamental4 ,the pieces of candles that are left each evening should be placed in a tin box kept for that purpose1 and used for bed lights4 #ajg4 ,to make an improved ,candle4--,make the wicks about half the usual size1 and wet them with spirits of turpentine2 dry them1 before dipping1 in the sunshine1 or in some favorable place1 and the candles will be more durable1 emit a steadier and clearer blaze1 and be in every way superior to those made in the ordinary way4 #ajh4 ,quicksilver4--,tallow will take up quicksilver4 ,vinegar kills it4 #aji4 ,to give any ,close-grained ,wood the appearance of ,mahogany4--,the surface of the wood must first be planed smooth1 and then rubbed with weak aquafortis2 after which it is to be finished with the following varnish3--,to three pints of spirit of wine is to be added four ounces and a half of dragon's blood and an ounce of soda1 which have been previously ground together2 after standing some time1 that the dragon's blood may dissolve1 the varnish is to be strained1 and laid on the wood with a soft brush4 ,this process is to be repeated1 and then the wood possesses the perfect appearance of mahogany4 ,when the polish diminishes in brilliancy1 it may be speedily restored by rubbing the article with linseed oil4 #aaj4 ,to ,darken ,mahogany4--,drop a nodule of lime in a basin of water1 and wash the mahogany with it4 #aaa4 ,to make ,imitation ,rosewood4--,brush the wood over with a strong decoction of logwood1 while hot2 repeat this process three or four times2 put a quantity of iron-filings amongst vinegar2 then with a flat open brush1 made with a piece of cane1 bruised at the end1 or split with a knife1 apply the solution of iron-filings and vinegar to the wood in such a manner as to produce the fibres of the wood required4 ,after it is dry1 the wood must be polished with turpentine and bees'-wax4 #aab4 ,imitation of ,ebony4--,pale-colored woods are stained in imitation of ebony by washing them with1 or steeping them in a strong decoction of logwood or galls1 allowing them to dry1 and then washing them over with a solution of the sulphate or acetate of iron4 ,when dry1 they are washed with clean water1 and the process repeated1 if required4 ,they are1 lastly1 polished or varnished4 #aac4 ,cheap ,coloring for ,rooms4--,boil any quantity of potatoes1 bruise them1 and pour on them boiling water until a pretty thick mixture is obtained1 which is to be passed through a sieve2 then mix whiting with boiling water1 and add it to the potato mixture4 ,to color it1 add either of the ochres1 lampblack1 c4 #aad4 ,cheap ,paint4--,tar mixed with yellow ochre makes an excellent green paint1 for coarse wood-work1 iron fencing1 c4 #aae4 ,weather-proof ,composition4--,mix a quantity of sand with double the quantity of wood ashes1 well sifted1 and three times as much slaked lime2 grind these with linseed oil1 and use the composition as paint2 the first coat thin1 the second thick2 and in a short time it will become so hard as to resist weather and time4 ,or1 slake lime in tar1 and into it dip sheets of the thickest brown paper1 to be laid on in the manner of slating4 #aaf4 ,artificial ,marble4--,soak in a solution of alum a quantity of plaster of ,paris4 ,bake it in an oven1 and grind it to a powder4 ,when wanted1 mix it with water to about the consistency of plaster4 ,it sets into an exceedingly hard composition1 and takes a high polish4 ,it may be mixed with various colored minerals or ochres to represent the various marbles1 and is a valuable receipt4 #aag4 ,to give ,wooden ,stairs the ,appearance of ,stone4--,paint the stairs1 step1 by step1 with white paint1 mixed with strong drying oil4 ,strew it thick with silver sand4 ,it ought to be thoroughly dry next morning1 when the loose sand is to be swept off4 ,the painting and sanding is to be repeated1 and when dry1 the surface is to be done over with pipe-clay1 whiting1 and water2 which may be boiled in an old saucepan1 and laid on with a bit of flannel1 not too thick1 otherwise it will be apt to scale off4 ,a penny cake of pipe-clay1 which must be scraped1 is the common proportion to half a lump of whiting4 ,the pipe-clay and whiting is generally applied once a week1 but that might be done only as occasion requires4 #aah4 ,lime for ,cottage ,walls1 c4--,take a stone or two of unslaked white lime1 and dissolve it in a pail of cold water4 ,this1 of course1 is whitewash4 ,the more lime used1 the thicker it will be2 but the consistence of cream is generally advisable4 ,in another vessel dissolve some green vitriol in hot water4 ,add it1 when dissolved1 to the whitewash1 and a buff is produced4 ,the more vitriol used1 the darker it will be4 ,stir it well up1 and use it in the same way as whitewash1 having first carefully got off all the old dirt from the walls4 ,two or three coats are usually given4 ,for a border at top and base1 use more vitriol1 to make it darker than the walls4 ,if you have stencil-plates1 you can use it with them4 ,this is cheap1 does not rub off like ochre1 and is pure and wholesome1 besides being disinfecting4 #aai4 ,a ,white for ,inside ,painting1 which dries in about four hours1 and leaves no smell4--,take one gallon of spirits of turpentine1 and two pounds of frankincense2 let them simmer over a clear fire till dissolved1 then strain and bottle it4 ,add one quart of this mixture to a gallon of bleached linseed oil1 shake them well together1 and bottle them likewise4 ,grind any quantity of white-lead very fine with spirits of turpentine1 then add a sufficient quantity of the last mixture to it1 till you find it fit for laying on4 ,if it grows thick in working1 it must be thinned with spirit of turpentine2 it gives a flat1 or dead white4 #abj4 ,a ,green ,paint for ,garden ,stands1 ,trellisses1 c4--,take mineral green1 and white lead ground in turpentine2 mix up the quantity you wish with a small quantity of turpentine-varnish2 this serves for the first coat2 for the second1 put as much varnish in your mixture as will produce a good gloss2 if you desire a brighter green1 add a small quantity of ,prussian blue1 which will much improve the beauty of the color4 #aba4 ,cheap and beautiful ,green4--,the cost of this paint is less than one-fourth of oil color1 and the beauty far superior4 ,take four pounds of ,roman vitriol1 and pour on it a tea-kettleful of boiling water2 when dissolved1 add two pounds of pearl-ash1 and stir the mixture well with a stick until the effervescence cease2 then add a quarter of a pound of pulverized arsenic1 and stir the whole together4 ,lay it on with a paint brush1 and if the wall has not been painted before1 at least two1 or even three coats1 will be requisite4 ,if a pea-green is required1 put in less1 and if an apple-green1 more1 of the yellow arsenic4 #abb4 ,to ,destroy the ,smell of ,fresh ,paint4--,mix chloride of lime with water1 with which damp some hay1 and strew it upon the floor4 #abc4 ,to take the ,smell of ,paint from ,rooms4--,let three or four broad tubs1 each containing about eight gallons of water1 and one ounce of vitriolic acid1 be placed in the new painted room near the wainscot2 this water will absorb and retain the effluvia from the paint in three days1 but the water should be renewed each day during that time4 #abd4 ,to remove ,unpleasant ,odors4--,the unpleasant smell of new paint is best removed by time and atmospheric ventilation2 but tubs of water placed in the apartment1 will act more rapidly2 with this inconvenience1 however1 that the gloss of the paint will be destroyed4 ,unpleasant smells from water-closets1 or all articles of furniture connected with them1 may be modified by the application of lime-water1 to which may be added the soap-suds that have been used in washing1 which neutralize the pungently offensive salts2 a little quick-lime put into a night-chair will destroy all disagreeable effluvia4 ,aromatic pastiles of the following composition may be burned with great success3 take of camphor1 flowers of benzoin1 powdered charcoal1 powdered cascarilla bark1 powdered ,turkey myrrh1 and powdered nitre1 each equal quantities2 beat them with syrup sufficient to form a mass1 and divide into pastiles of a conical shape4 ,they may be mixed up with spirit of turpentine 7the rectified oil7 or anything that is inflammable4 ,syrup does best1 as it is most adhesive4 #abe4 ,to prevent disagreeable ,smells from ,privies1 ,night ,chairs1 c4--,milk of lime 7water in which lime has been slaked1 and which is whitened by the fine particles of that substance7 must be mixed with a ley of ashes1 or soapy water that has been used in washing1 then thrown into the sink of the privy2 it will destroy the offensive smell4 ,by these means1 for the value of a few pence1 any collection of filth whatever may be neutralized4 ,for the night-chair of sick persons1 put within the vessel half a pound of quicklime1 half an ounce of powdered sal-ammoniac1 and water one pint3 this will prevent any disagreeable odor4 #abf4 ,remarks4--,quicklime1 or even lime just slaked1 answers the purpose without any addition4 ,it is the only thing used in camps1 particularly in hot countries1 to keep the ditches from creating contagion4 #abg4 ,to clean ,books or ,prints4--,ink spots may be removed by oxalic acid dissolved in water1 and carefully applied with a hair pencil4 ,to remove oil or grease1 warm the spot1 lay over it blotting paper1 and upon it the heated blade of a knife1 when the blotting-paper will absorb the grease2 then apply spirits of turpentine1 with a hair pencil1 and restore the whiteness of the paper with spirits of wine4 #abh4 ,to preserve ,books4--,a few drops of any perfumed oil will secure libraries from the consuming effects of mouldiness and damp4 ,russian leather which is perfumed with the tar of the birch-tree1 never moulds2 and merchants suffer large bales of this article to lie in the ,london ,docks in the most careless manner1 knowing that it cannot sustain any injury from damp4 #abi4 ,to clean ,oil ,paintings4--,clean the picture well with a sponge1 dipped in warm beer2 after it has become perfectly dry1 wash it with a solution of the finest gum-dragon1 dissolved in pure water4 ,never use blue starch1 which tarnishes and eats out the coloring2 nor white of eggs1 which casts a thick varnish over pictures1 and only mends bad ones by concealing the faults of the coloring4 #acj4 ,to ,light a ,coal ,fire4--,a considerable saving of time and trouble might often be effected1 if housemaids would attend to the following rules in lighting a fire3--,clear the grate well from ashes and cinders2 then lay at the bottom of it a few lumps of fresh coal1 about the size of ducks' eggs1 so as not wholly to obstruct the air passing between the bars on which they are placed4 ,this done1 put a small quantity of waste paper or shavings next upon the coal2 then a few sticks or pieces of split wood placed carefully above it1 so that they may not project between the bars2 then a layer of the cinders you have before taken from the grate2 and next a few lumps of coal on the top4 ,take care to complete this process before applying the light1 which may easily be done afterwards by means of a lucifer match1 and you will seldom fail to have a good fire in a few minutes4 ,nothing is easier than to light a fire in the way here recommended1 but the coals and cinders must be laid in place by hand1 and not thrown in anyhow with the shovel4 ,if the kindling wood be green or damp1 it should be dried over night1 as a more miserable task cannot be attempted than to light a fire with damp materials4 #aca4 ,another ,way4--,to light a fire from one already kindled1 put three or four pieces of charcoal between the bars of the grate2 then lay a few pieces of fresh coal upon the bottom of the grate in which the second fire is to be made1 and place upon them1 crosswise1 the lighted pieces of charcoal2 cover them with pieces of fresh coal1 and blow them with the hand-bellows1 when the charcoal will set fire to the fresh coal1 and a brisk fire will be made in a few minutes4 ,on the contrary1 if we light a fire with wood1 some time must elapse before it can safely be blown4 #acb4 ,economy in ,fuel4--,a saving of nearly one-third of the coal consumed may be made by the following easy means3--,let the coal ashes1 which are usually thrown into the dust bin1 be preserved in a corner of the coal hole1 and make your servants add to them from your coal heap an equal part of the small coal or slack1 which is too small to be retained in the grate1 and pour a small quantity of water upon the mixture4 ,when you make up your fire1 place a few round coals in front1 and throw some of this mixture behind2 it saves the trouble of sifting your ashes1 gives a warm and pleasant fire1 and a very small part only will remain unburnt4 #acc4 ,fire ,balls4--,mix one bushel of small coal1 or saw-dust1 or both1 with two bushels of sand1 and one bushel and a half of clay2 make the mixture into balls with water1 and pile them in a dry place1 to harden them4 ,a fire cannot be lighted with these balls2 but when it burns strong1 put them on above the top bar1 and they will keep up a strong heat4 #acd4 ,to prevent the ill effects of ,charcoal4--,set over the burning charcoal a vessel of boiling water1 the steam of which will prevent danger from the fumes4 #ace4 ,method of sweeping ,chimneys without employing ,children1 and the danger attending the old ,method pointed out4--,procure a rope for the purpose1 twice the length of the height of the chimney2 to the middle of it tie a bush 7broom furze1 or any other71 of sufficient size to fill the chimney2 put one end of the rope down the chimney 7if there be any windings in it1 tie a bullet or round stone to the end of the rope71 and introduce the wood end of the bush after the rope has descended into the chamber2 then let a person pull it down4 ,the bush1 by the elasticity of its twigs1 brushes the sides of the chimney as it descends1 and carries the soot with it4 ,if necessary1 the person at the top1 who has hold of the other end of the rope1 draws the bush up again2 but1 in this case1 the person below must turn the bush1 to send the wood end foremost1 before he calls to the person at top to pull it up4 ,many people1 who are silent to the calls of humanity1 are yet attentive to the voice of interest3 chimneys cleansed in this way never need a tenth part of the repairs required where they are swept by children1 who being obliged to work themselves up by pressing with their feet and knees on one side1 and their back on the other1 often force out the bricks which divide the chimneys4 ,this is one of the causes why1 in many houses1 a fire in one apartment always fills the adjoining ones with smoke1 and sometimes even the neighboring house4 ,nay1 some houses have even been burnt by this means2 for a foul chimney1 taking fire1 has been frequently known to communicate1 by these apertures1 to empty apartments1 or to apartments filled with timber1 where1 of course1 it was not thought necessary to make any examination1 after extinguishing the fire in the chimney where it began4 #acf4 ,to revive a dull ,fire4--,powdered nitre1 strewed on the fire1 is the best bellows that can be used4 #acg4 ,fires1 ,stoves1 c4--,it is wasteful to wet small coal1 though it is commonly thought to make a fire last longer3 in truth1 it wastes the heat1 and for a time makes a bad fire4 ,a close stove intended to warm an apartment should not have a polished surface1 else it will keep in the heat2 whereas1 if of rough and unpolished cast iron1 the heat will be dispersed through the room4 ,long1 shallow grates1 are uneconomical1 as the body of the coal in them is not soon heated1 and requires to be oftener replenished to keep up the fire4 ,a good fire should be bright without being too hot3 the best and quickest mode of making up a neglected fire is to stir out the ashes1 and with the tongs fill up the spaces between the bars with cinders or half-burnt coals3 this method will soon produce a glowing fire4 ,if coke can be mixed with coals1 the fire will require extra attention3 coke1 however1 makes too much dust for fires in the best rooms4 #ach4 ,water4--,hard water by boiling may be brought nearly to the state of soft4 ,a piece of chalk put into spring water will soften it4 ,rain1 or the softest water1 is better adapted than any other for washing and cleaning2 but it must be filtered for drinking in large towns1 as it becomes impure from the roofs and plaster of houses4 ,the best water has the greatest number of air bubbles when poured into a glass4 ,hard water will become thick and foul sooner than soft water4 #aci4 ,to purify ,water for drinking4--,filter river water through a sponge1 more or less compressed1 instead of stone or sand1 by which the water is not only rendered more clear1 but wholesome2 for sand is insensibly dissolved by the water1 so that in four or five years it will have lost a fifth part of its weight4 ,powder of charcoal should be added to the sponge when the water is foul1 or fetid4 ,those who examine the large quantity of terrene matter on the inside of tea-kettles will be convinced all water should be boiled before drunk4 #adj4 ,or1 take a large flower-pot1 and put either a piece of sponge or some cleanly-washed moss over the hole at the bottom4 ,fill the pot three-quarters with a mixture of equal parts of clean sharp sand1 and charcoal in pieces the size of peas4 ,on this lay a piece of linen or woollen cloth1 large enough to hang over the sides of the pot4 ,pour the water to be filtered into the basin formed by the cloth1 and it will come out pure through the sponge or moss at the bottom4 #ada4 ,to purify ,river1 or ,muddy ,water4--,dissolve half an ounce of alum in a pint of warm water1 and stirring it about in a puncheon of water from the river1 all the impurities will soon settle to the bottom1 and in a day or two it will become quite clear4 #adb4 ,to purify muddy ,water of ,rivers or ,pits4--,make a number of holes in the bottom of a deep tub2 lay some clean gravel thereon1 and above this some clean sand2 sink this tub in the river or pit1 so that only a few inches of the tub will be above the surface of the water2 the river or pit water will filter through the sand1 and rise clear through it to the level of the water on the outside1 and will be pure and limpid4 #adc4 ,method of making putrid ,water sweet in a ,night's ,time4--,four large spoonfuls of unslaked lime put into a puncheon of ninety gallons of putrid water1 at sea1 will1 in one night1 make it as clear and sweet as the best spring water just drawn3 but unless the water is afterwards ventilated sufficiently to carbonize the lime1 it will be a lime water4 ,three ounces of pure unslaked lime should saturate ninety gallons of water4 #add4 ,lead ,cisterns4--,lead ,cisterns are unsafe to hold water for culinary purposes3 if the water has stood in them several days undisturbed1 a small white coating may be observed at the upper edge of the water3 on any addition of water1 this coating is washed off1 and if there be the slightest acidity in the vessel1 this coating will be dissolved in the water1 and thus a poison be conveyed into the stomach4 ,to prevent this1 the insides of lead cisterns should be occasionally examined and cleared out4 #ade4 ,to prevent the freezing of ,water in ,pipes in the ,winter ,time4--,by tying up the ball-cock with straw or flannel during the frost1 the freezing of pipes will often be prevented2 in fact1 it will always be prevented where the main pipe is higher than the cistern or other reservoir1 and the pipe is laid in a regular inclination from one to the other1 for then no water can remain in the pipe2 or if the main is lower than the cistern1 and the pipe regularly inclines1 upon the supply's ceasing1 the pipe will immediately exhaust itself4 ,when water is in the pipes1 if each cock be left a little dripping1 the circulation of the water will prevent its freezing in the pipes4 #adf4 ,to preserve ,water and ,meat from ,putrefaction in long ,voyages4--,the crews of two ,russian ships1 which sailed round the world1 were extremely healthy4 ,during the whole three years of their voyage only two men died of the crew of the ,neva1 and the ,naveshda did not lose a single man4 ,it is known that their fresh water was preserved in charred casks1 but it is not so generally known that they used the same precaution for preserving their salted provisions4 ,the beef they carried out with them tasted as pleasantly upon their return1 as it did three years before1 when first salted4 #adg4 ,to make ,sea-water fit for washing ,linen4--,soda put into sea-water renders it turbid2 the lime and magnesia fall to the bottom4 ,therefore1 to make sea-water fit for washing linen1 put in soda enough as not only to effect a precipitation of these earths1 but to render the water sufficiently alkaline4 #adh4 ,steam4--,when the steam from a tea-kettle appears cloudy1 it should be taken from the fire1 as the water is then fast boiling away2 the steam when the water first boils being quite transparent1 so as scarcely to be seen near the mouth of the spout4 ,the top of the kettle should be kept bright1 as a polished surface keeps in the heat4 #adi4 ,to clean a ,carriage4--,wash the body and wheels with a mop1 brush1 and plenty of water4 ,then blacken and clean all the straps and leather1 first cleaning the brass or other ornaments as those on harness4 ,next brush the inside lining1 clean the glasses1 and clean and trim the lamps4 ,stains may be removed from panels by rubbing them with sweet oil on baize4 ,the wheels should be occasionally greased or oiled1 and the linchpins examined4 #aej4 ,for ,coach ,wheels4--,melt over a slow fire one pound of lard1 and half a pound of black lead in powder1 stirring them well2 remove the mixture from the fire1 and stir till cold4 #aea4 ,harness ,makers' ,jet4--,take one drachm of indigo1 a quarter of an ounce of isinglass1 half an ounce of soft soap1 four ounces of glue1 one pennyworth of logwood raspings1 and one quart of vinegar2 boil the whole together over a slow fire1 till reduced to one pint4 ,a small quantity is then to be taken up on a piece of clean sponge1 and thinly applied to harness1 boots1 c41 taking care that they are previously well cleaned4 ,n4,b4--,a small quantity of sulphate of iron 7green vitriol7 would perhaps greatly improve this4 #aeb4 ,to clean ,harness4--,having washed off the wet dirt1 sponge the harness clean1 and hang it up to dry4 ,next1 brush it with a dry1 hard brush1 and clean the brass ornaments4 ,for this purpose1 mix a quarter of a pint of turpentine1 with two ounces of rotten-stone1 two ounces of finely-powdered charcoal1 and a quarter of a pint of droppings of sweet oil2 apply this paste with leather1 and polish it off with powdered charcoal4 ,or1 clean the brass ornaments with the following mixture1 which is used in the ,royal ,mews3 dissolve one ounce of oxalic acid in a pint of water1 to which add a pint of naphtha4 ,to give the brass-work a fine color1 powder some sal-ammoniac1 moisten it with water1 and rub it upon the ornaments2 then heat them over charcoal1 and polish with dried bran and whiting4 ,or1 wash the brass-work with a strong solution of roche alum1 and polish it with tripoli4 ,to restore the color of harness1 clean it1 and brush over it the following mixture3--boil half a pound of logwood chips in three quarts of soft water1 to which add three ounces of galls bruised and one ounce of alum4 #aec4 ,oiling ,old ,leather4--,a practice is common of wetting harness1 c41 before it is to be oiled1 under the idea that it soaks in the oil better for wetting4 ,no two things are less capable of union than oil and water4 ,the leather appears soft after the above practice1 but a dry day will soon show how hard the leather becomes when the water it has imbibed has evaporated1 and how rotten the heart of the leather is1 although the outside appears yet oily4 ,if leather be dry and then oiled1 the quantity of oil consumed will tell whether the leather has absorbed the oil or not4 ,if it have1 it will last for years1 if it be oiled thoroughly every spring4 ,the most durable stuff to nail up garden trees1 is leather soaked in oil1 and then drained before use4 ,old shoes and harness will thus be of use when no longer of service to the body4 #aed4 ,general ,washing4--,counterpanes1 blankets1 bed-hangings1 c41 should be washed in summer1 as they will then dry quickly1 and be of good color4 ,by putting linen and cotton stockings to soak the night before they are to be washed1 much soap and labor will be saved4 ,if clothes remain long dirty1 they will not only require more soap and labor1 but be much injured in washing4 #aee4 ,washing ,preparation4--,half a pound of soap2 half a pound of soda2 quarter of a pound of quick-lime4 ,cut up the soap and dissolve it in half a gallon of boiling water2 pour half a gallon of boiling water over the soda2 and enough boiling water over the quick-lime to cover it4 ,the lime must be quick and fresh2 if quick1 it will bubble up when the hot water is poured over it4 ,prepare each of these in separate vessels4 ,put the dissolved lime and soda together1 and boil them for twenty minutes4 ,then pour them into a jar to settle4 ,another method of making this preparation is--,instead of preparing each of the articles by themselves1 dissolve over night half a pound of soda in one gallon of boiling water1 pour it on the lime1 and let it settle2 cut up the soap1 and pour the clear water from the lime and soda upon it4 ,in the morning it will be a dissolved mass1 fit for use4 ,in this way the twenty minutes' boiling of the lime and soda is dispensed with4 ,in either of these processes white or common yellow soap may be used4 ,but the lime should be white and quick4 ,if it does not bubble and hiss when the water is poured on it1 it is unfit for use4 ,this preparation contains nothing injurious to the linen4 ,it has been proved by trial that if the directions are rightly followed1 it is less destructive than the old method4 #aef4 ,how to proceed after having made the ,preparation4--,set aside the flannels and colored things1 as they must not be washed in this way4 ,they may be washed in the usual way while the others are boiling4 ,the night before1 the collars and wristbands of shirts1 the feet of stockings1 c41 should be rubbed well with soap and set to soak4 ,in the morning pour ten gallons of water into the copper1 and having strained the mixture of lime and soda well1 taking great care not to disturb the settlings1 put it1 together with the soap1 into the water1 and make the whole boil before putting in the clothes4 ,a plate should be placed at the bottom of the copper to prevent the clothes from burning4 ,boil each lot of clothes from half an hour to an hour4 ,then rinse them well in cold blue water4 ,when dry they will be beautifully white4 ,the same water will do for three lots4 ,wash the finer things first4 ,after having been used for the clothes1 the mixture may be employed for cleaning silver1 brass1 or any other kind of metal2 which should afterwards be dried and polished with leather4 ,the liquid may also be used for scouring floors1 or cleaning paint4 #aeg4 ,to make ,starch4--,dissolve as much starch as will be required in a very small quantity of cold water2 then pour boiling water on it till it is of the right consistency1 and let it boil once or twice4 ,in mixing starch1 put a lump of sugar in it to prevent it from sticking to the iron4 ,stirring the starch for a minute with a sperm candle improves it when it is wanted for shirt bosoms or collars4 #aeh4 ,gum ,arabic ,starch4--,get two ounces of fine white gum arabic1 and pound it to powder4 ,next put it into a pitcher1 and pour on it a pint or more of boiling water1 7according to the degree of strength you desire17 and then having covered it1 let it set all night4 ,in the morning1 pour it carefully from the dregs into a clean bottle1 cork it1 and keep it for use4 ,a table-spoonful of gum water stirred into a pint of starch that has been made in the usual manner1 will give to lawns 7either white or printed7 a look of newness to which nothing else can restore them after washing4 ,it is also good 7much diluted7 for thin white muslin and bobbinet4 #aei4 ,to keep ,muslins of a good ,color4--,never wash muslins or any kind of white cotton goods1 with linen2 for the latter deposits or discharges a gum and coloring matter every time it is washed1 which discolors and dyes the cotton4 ,wash them by themselves4 #afj4 ,to wash ,flannels4--,flannels should be washed in soft water1 soap1 and much blue4 ,the water should be as hot as the hands will bear2 wring them as dry as possible1 shake them and hang them out2 but do not rinse them after the lather4 #afa4 ,to make ,flannels not shrink4--,the first time of washing put them into a pail of boiling water1 and let them lie till cold4 #afb4 ,to scour ,flannels4--,slice half a pound of yellow soap1 and dissolve it in boiling water1 so as to make it of the thickness of oil2 cover the flannels with warm water1 add a lump of pearlash1 and about one-third of the soap-solution2 beat them till no head rises on the water2 then pour it off1 and proceed as before with hotter water1 without pearlash4 #afc4 ,to wash ,woollens4--,use soft water2 and1 in order to make a lather1 put half a pound of soap into a gallon of water1 7or as much more in proportion as is necessary17 and boil it until the soap is dissolved2 wash through two waters1 7unless one is found sufficient17 as warm as can be borne1 adding1 as you go on1 what quantity of the soap-water is needed2 wring them out each time2 then throw them into a rinsing-tub1 and fill1 to covering1 with boiling water4 ,let them remain until cool enough to admit of handling1 then proceed to rinse well1 and wring them4 ,n4 ,b4--,observe1 the rinsing-water must be hard water--this is the secret4 ,this method will do for any kinds of woollens2 but for large and strong1 such as blankets1 or carpets1 c41 perhaps wringing would be better omitted1 and in all cases1 care should be taken to spread out the articles straight and smooth4 #afd4 ,drying ,clothes4--,if the weather be favorable1 the drying may be best finished in the open air2 but if the weather be damp or doubtful1 the article should be1 without delay1 spread before a fire1 or hung in an apartment where there is a strong current of air4 ,a dry cloth should be placed on the line hedge1 or horse1 and the woollen article spread upon it4 ,the more quickly the drying can be accomplished the better4 ,for this reason1 settled dry weather should be chosen for this kind of work2 if windy1 all the better4 #afe4 ,family ,washing4--,the following method1 though not generally known1 is much practiced in many families4 ,melt together half a pound each of washing soda and of soap cuttings1 mix well with sixteen gallons of water1 pour it lukewarm over the dirty linen1 and leave to soak for twenty-four hours4 ,drain this water from the clothes1 and put them into a boiler1 with a second supply of the same preparation cold1 and let them boil for rather a longer time than if they had been previously washed4 ,they will then require to be washed out in clean1 warm water1 looking carefully over them that the parts requiring it may be rubbed2 afterwards rinse in the usual way4 ,this direction applies to all white and brown-holland articles4 ,bobbinet1 and lace1 retain their color best1 if only scalded1 not boiled4 ,this mode of washing has been adopted for many years in a family of seven persons2 the linen is of an excellent color1 with only half the assistance formerly required1 and the quantity of soap used is much lessened4 ,n4 ,b4 ,the refuse water is a good manure for fruit trees4 #aff4 ,substitutes for ,soap4--,put any quantity of pearl-ash or soda into a large jar1 cover it lightly1 and in a few days it will become liquid2 then mix with it an equal quantity of newly-slaked lime1 and double its quantity of soft water3 boil it half an hour1 add as much more hot water1 and pour off the liquor4 ,two ounces of pearl-ash1 used with a pound and a half of soap1 will effect a considerable saving4 ,for coarse purposes1 soft soap is a saving of nearly one-half4 ,the most economical plan of keeping hard soap1 is to cut it into pieces of about a pound each1 and keep it moderately dry4 ,a little pipe-clay dissolved in the water1 or rubbed with the soap on the clothes1 will give the dirtiest linen the appearance of having been bleached2 it will also clean them with about half the labor1 and a saving of full one-fourth of the soap4 ,pipe-clay will also render hard water nearly as soft as rain-water4 ,carpets1 moreen curtains1 or other woollen goods1 may be cleaned with the coarse pulp of potatoes1 used as a kind of soap4 #afg4 ,horse-chestnut ,soap4--,it is not generally known that the horse-chestnut contains a soapy juice1 not only useful in bleaching1 but in washing linens and stuffs4 ,the nuts must be peeled and ground1 and the meal of twenty of them will be sufficient to mix with ten quarts of hot water1 with which the clothes may be washed without soap2 the clothes should then be rinsed in spring-water4 ,the same meal being steeped in hot water1 and mixed with an equal quantity of bran1 will make a nutritious food for poultry4 #afh4 ,to wash a ,cotton ,counterpane4--,slice a pound of mottled soap1 dissolve it in a pailful of boiling water1 and add a small lump of pearl-ash2 next1 put the counterpane into warm water1 with a bowl of the soap-solution1 beat it and turn it1 wash it in a second liquor1 and rinse it in cold water2 then put three tea-spoonfuls of liquid blue into a thin liquor1 stir together1 and put in the counterpane2 beat it a few minutes1 and dry it in the air4 #afi4 ,to wash ,silk ,stockings1 ,white and ,black4--,cut in thin bits some white soap1 and boil it in soft water2 pour a little of it among cold1 soft water1 and wash the stockings1 first upon the inner side2 repeat the washing with fresh suds and water1 till they are washed quite clean2 turn the outside1 the last time of washing1 and if the feet be very dirty1 rub a little of the boiled soap upon them1 but not upon the legs4 ,if to be colored1 mix the dye with a little clean suds1 and dip in the white stockings2 draw them out smooth1 and lay them upon a sheet on a bed1 with the window open1 and when almost dry1 lay them upon a piece of flannel1 and with another bit rolled up1 rub them hard and quick one way till they are dry4 #agj4 ,to wash ,thread ,stockings and ,gloves4--,fine thread-stockings and gloves should be well soaped1 put into a lather of cold water1 and boiled2 they should then be put into a fresh1 cold lather1 and be boiled again2 when1 on taking them out1 they will require little more than rinsing4 #aga4 ,to wash ,cotton ,stockings4--,lay them in cold water at night2 next day boil them in a copper with some soda and soap2 stir them well about1 and they will become quite clean without any rubbing2 rinse them well in cold water1 and bleach them2 when nearly dry1 draw them smooth1 folding them straight over the instep4 ,place them under a heavy weight1 or iron them4 #agb4 ,to wash ,cotton ,bed-furniture1 and printed ,calicoes in general4--#a4 ,get rid of as much dirt as possible1 by brushing and shaking4 #b4 ,do not let the dirty things lie about in a damp wash-house1 or in any way become damp before they are fairly wetted4 #c4 ,on no account use a particle of soda1 pearl-ash1 or any thing of the kind4 #d4 ,allow plenty of water1 and plenty of room in the tub4 #e4 ,use soft water1 no hotter than would be pleasant for washing the hands4 #f4 ,rub with soap in the ordinary way4 ,mottled soap is preferable to yellow4 ,if a general wash is about1 the liquor in which flannels have been washed the second time1 does very well for the first washing of colored things2 or that in which muslins have been washed a second time1 provided no soda or anything else of the kind was used4 #g4 ,when the first washing is completed1 have ready another tub with water of the same degree of warmth1 into which put each piece immediately on wringing it out of the first liquor4 #h4 ,repeat the process of washing in the second liquor1 carefully observing that every part is clean4 #i4 ,on wringing out of the second liquor1 immediately plunge each piece into cold spring water for rinsing4 #aj4 ,on wringing each piece out of the rinsing water1 immediately hang it out1 and let it dry as quickly as possible4 #aa4 ,in hanging up1 put any thick double parts next the line1 letting the thinner part hang down and blow about4 ,when these are dry1 the positions may be changed1 and the thick parts hung downwards4 #ab4 ,if1 through unfavorable weather1 or any other circumstance1 the drying cannot proceed at once1 the things had better remain all night in the rinsing water1 than be laid about damp4 ,if they are half-dry out-of-doors1 when taken in for the night let them be hung or spread in a room1 and again hung out early next day4 ,if there is no chance of favorable drying abroad1 they should be quickly dried before a fire1 or round a stove4 #ac4 ,if starching is required1 a sufficient quantity of made starch may be stirred into the rinsing water4 #agc4 ,how to wash ,printed ,dresses4--,a very cool lather of white soap1 of the best quality1 should be used1 as the inferior soaps contain rosin1 and other pernicious ingredients most destructive to colors4 ,soda1 pearl-ash1 vinegar1 alum1 salt1 washing-powder1 c41 although they may not injure some colors1 should never be used2 for they will most certainly destroy others4 ,printed dresses should not be washed with household or body linen1 or put into scalding water4 ,it is desirable to wash colors with a light hand1 so as not to subject them to hard rubbing1 and to rinse with plenty of clean cold water1 and to dry in the open air4 ,claret1 chocolate1 purple1 lilac1 red1 pink1 and black1 are the most permanent2 the cloth for these colors being prepared in a peculiar manner1 and which process has the effect of better fixing them to it4 ,blue1 green1 drab1 ruby1 crimson1 buff1 dahlia1 orange1 and cinnamon1 as they do not admit of the cloth being so prepared1 of course require more careful treatment1 or some of the surface color may possibly on the first washing scale off and tinge the white1 especially if not well rinsed2 but by a little discretion the most delicate colors may be effectually preserved4 #agd4 ,to wash ,chintz1 so as to preserve its ,gloss and ,beauty4--,take two pounds of rice and boil it in two gallons of water1 till soft2 when done1 pour the whole into a tub2 let it stand till about the warmth you in general use for colored linens2 put the chintz in1 and use the rice instead of soap2 wash it in this1 till the dirt appears to be out2 then boil the same quantity as above1 but strain the rice from the water1 and mix it in warm water4 ,wash it in this till quite clean2 afterwards rinse it in the water the rice was boiled in2 this will answer the end of starch1 and no dew will affect it1 as it will be stiff while it is worn4 ,if a gown1 it must be taken to pieces1 and when dried1 hang it as smooth as possible2 after dry1 rub it with a sleek stone1 but use no iron4 #age4 ,to protect ,children from ,burning4--,add one ounce of alum to the last water used in rinsing children's dresses1 and they will be rendered uninflammable1 or so slightly combustible that they would take fire slowly1 if at all1 and would not flame4 #agf4 ,composition for ,washing in ,sea-water4--,mix a strong solution of potash with an equal weight of pipe-clay1 and work them to a paste1 one pound of which will soften four gallons of sea-water4 #agg4 ,to bleach a ,faded ,dress4--,wash the dress in hot suds1 boil it and rinse it1 then dry it in the sun4 ,should it not be rendered perfectly white1 lay the dress in the sun for several days4 #agh4 ,to preserve the ,color of a ,print ,dress4--,rip the skirt from the body1 and wash them in cold rain water in which a handful of common salt has been thrown4 ,do not expose it to the sun to dry1 but roll it tightly in a coarse cloth until dry enough to iron4 #agi4 ,to wash ,white ,lace4--,a quarter of a cake of white wax1 six lumps of sugar1 and a dessert-spoonful of made starch1 to be mixed with a quart of soft water4 ,tack the lace very slightly in a thin cloth dipped in cold water1 then let it lie in a strong lather for one day4 ,change the water1 and leave it in a second lather all night4 ,put the above materials into a saucepan1 boil the lace in it for ten minutes1 then throw it into cold water1 and when nearly dry iron it4 #ahj4 ,washing ,kid ,gloves4--,have ready a little new milk in one saucer1 and a piece of brown soap in another1 and a clean cloth or towel1 folded three or four times4 ,on the cloth1 spread out the glove smooth and neat4 ,take a piece of flannel1 dip it in the milk1 then rub off a good quantity of soap to the wetted flannel1 and commence to rub the glove downwards towards the fingers1 holding it firmly with the left hand4 ,continue this process until the glove1 if white1 looks of a dingy yellow1 though clean3 if colored1 till it looks dark and spoiled4 ,lay it to dry1 and the operator will soon be gratified to see that her old gloves look nearly new4 ,they will be soft1 glossy1 smooth1 shapely1 and elastic4 ,dark1 and especially black mourning gloves1 should be of the very best and high-priced4 #aha4 ,to iron ,shirt ,fronts and ,dresses4--,shirt-fronts are most conveniently ironed upon a deal board about #ab inches long and #h wide1 covered with fine flannel2 to be placed between the back and front of the shirt1 after the back is ironed4 ,the skirts of dresses also may be ironed in a similar manner1 using a board as long as the skirt1 #bf inches wide at one end1 and #ab inches at the other4 ,the board should be covered with a blanket1 and rest upon a thin block of wood at each end1 to keep it from creasing the skirt beneath it4 #ahb4 ,to clean ,hair ,brushes and ,combs4--,sub-carbonate of soda or potash sometimes called salt of tartar or salt of wormwood1 is to be dissolved in boiling water--two heaped tea-spoonfuls will be sufficient for half a pint2 into this mixture dip the hairs of the brush1 and draw the comb through many times4 ,the brush and comb1 with the help of this solution1 will quickly cleanse each other2 dry quickly and they will be as white as new4 ,observe two things3 the potass must be kept in a stopper bottle1 or it will soon become liquid2 when liquid it is not injured for use1 but if left in paper would be wasted2 also the mahogany or satin-wood back of the brush must be kept out of the solution1 as it is apt to discolor wood4 #ahc4 ,to clean ,sponge4--,put into two pints of hot water about three cents worth of ,salts of lemon1 and steep the sponge in it4 ,after it is clean1 rinse it in clean water4 ,or1 immerse it in cold buttermilk1 and let it soak a few hours4 ,then rinse it in pure water4 #ahd4 ,to clean ,ermine and ,minivar4--,take a piece of soft flannel1 dip it in common flour1 and rub the fur with it1 being careful to rub it against the grain4 ,shake it well and rub again with the flannel till all the flour is out of it4 #ahe4 ,to clean ,swansdown4--,white swansdown may be washed in soap and water2 after washing1 shake it out1 and when the down is somewhat raised1 shake it before a clear fire to dry4 #ahf4 ,to clean ,leather ,cases4--,to clean hat cases1 writing-desks1 c41 dissolve in warm water a small quantity of oxalic acid1 and wash the articles with a sponge wet in the solution4 ,when dry they will look almost equal to new4 #ahg4 ,to take ,stains out of ,linen4--,stains caused by ,acids can be removed by wetting the part1 and laying on it some salt of wormwood2 then rub it without diluting it with more water4 ,or1 let the cloth imbibe a little water without dipping1 and hold the part over a lighted match1 at a due distance4 ,the spots will be removed by the sulphureous gas4 ,or1 tie up in the stained part some pearlash2 then scrape some soap into cold soft water to make a lather1 and boil the linen till the stain disappears4 #ahh4 ,stains of ,wine1 ,fruit1 c41 after they have been long in the ,linen4--,rub the part on each side with yellow soap2 then lay on a mixture of starch in cold water very thick2 rub it well in1 and expose the linen to the sun and air till the stain comes out4 ,if not removed in three or four days1 rub that off and renew the process4 ,when dry it may be sprinkled with a little water4 ,recent ,stains of ,fruit may be removed by holding the linen tightly stretched over a tub and pouring hot water over the part4 ,this must be done before any soap has been applied to it4 ,obs4 ,as soon as a stain is made on table-linen1 c41 rub on it common table salt before it has time to dry2 the salt will keep it damp till the cloth is washed1 when the stain will disappear2 or wash the stain lightly when the cloth is removed4 #ahi4 ,to restore ,scorched ,linen4--,peel and slice two onions1 and extract the juice by squeezing or pounding4 ,cut up half an ounce of white soap and two ounces of fullers' earth2 mix with them the onion juice and half a pint of vinegar4 ,boil this composition well1 and spread it1 when cool1 over the scorched part of the linen1 leaving it to dry thereon4 ,then wash out the linen4 #aij4 ,to restore ,linen that has long been ,stained4--,rub the stains on each side with wet brown soap2 mix some starch to a thick paste1 with cold water1 and spread it over the soaped places2 then expose the linen to the air4 ,if the stains do not disappear in three or four days1 rub off the mixture1 and repeat the process with fresh soap and starch4 ,then dry it1 wet it with cold water1 and wash it4 #aia4 ,grease or ,wax ,spots4--,grease-spots should be rubbed with strong pearlash and water4 ,spots of wax or oil paint should be rubbed with turpentine1 and washed with soap and water3 or1 wax1 if moistened repeatedly with spirits of wine1 may be brushed off4 ,or1 dissolve six ounces of alum in half a pint of water1 warm it1 wash the stained part with it1 and leave it to dry4 ,or1 in a quart of warm water1 dissolve a little white soap1 and one ounce of pearlash2 to which add two spoonsful of ox-gall1 and a little essence of lavender or bergamot3 mix the whole1 strain it1 and keep it in a bottle4 ,in using it1 put a small quantity on the spot1 brush1 and wash it with warm water1 so as entirely to remove the liquor applied1 which might injure the cloth if allowed to remain4 #aib4 ,other ,stains4--,many other ,stains may be taken out by dipping the linen in sour buttermilk1 and drying it in a hot sun4 ,then wash it in cold water1 and dry it1 two or three times a-day4 #aic4 ,ironmoulds4--,ironmoulds should be wetted1 then laid on a hot water-plate1 and a little essential salt of lemons put on the part4 ,if the linen becomes dry1 wet it1 and renew the process1 observing that the plate is kept boiling hot4 ,much of the powder sold under the name of salt of lemons is a spurious preparation2 and therefore it is necessary to dip the linen in a good deal of water1 and wash it as soon as the stain is removed1 to prevent the part from being worn into holes by the acid4 ,ink spots can be removed in the same way4 #aid4 ,to take ,mildew out of ,linen4--,take soap1 and rub it well2 then scrape some fine chalk1 and rub that also in the linen2 lay it on the grass2 as it dries wet it a little1 and it will come out at twice doing4 #aie4 ,or1 mix soft soap with starch powdered1 half as much salt and the juice of a lemon2 lay it on the part on both sides with a painter's brush4 ,let it lie on the grass day and night till the stain comes out4 #aif4 ,to discharge all ,stains which are not ,metallic4--,mix two tea-spoonfuls of water with one of spirit of salt2 let the stain lie in it for one or two minutes2 then rinse the article in cold water4 ,this will be found particularly useful in removing stains from white doilys4 #aig4 ,prepared ,ox-gall for taking out ,spots4--,boil together one pint of ox-gall and two ounces of powdered alum2 to which add two ounces of common salt2 let the liquor settle1 add a few drops of essence of lemon1 pour it off into a bottle1 and cork tightly4 #aih4 ,salt of ,lemons4--,mix one ounce of salt of sorrel in very fine powder1 with an equal quantity of cream of tartar2 this is the salt sold in the shops2 but1 as it is only recommended for removing ironmoulds or ink spots1 it will be better to use only the salt of sorrel4 #aii4 ,to bleach ,linen4--,mix common bleaching powder1 in the proportion of one pound to a gallon of water2 stir it occasionally for three days1 let it settle1 and pour it off clear4 ,then make a ley of one pound of soda to a gallon of boiling soft water1 in which soak the linen for twelve hours1 and boil it half an hour2 next1 soak it in the bleaching liquor1 made as above2 and lastly1 wash it in the usual manner4 ,discolored linen or muslin may be restored1 by putting a portion of bleaching liquor into the tub wherein the articles are soaking4 #bjj4 ,use of ,potatoes in ,bleaching4--,this method of bleaching consists in substituting for soap1 an equal quantity of potatoes three-parts boiled4 ,the linen is first boiled for nearly an hour2 it is next put into a tub of boiling water1 from which each piece is taken separately1 and rubbed with the potatoes1 as with soap4 ,the linen is then boiled with the potatoes for half an hour1 next taken out1 rubbed1 and rinsed two or three times in cold soft water1 wrung1 and hung up to dry4 ,kitchen linen1 which has mostly the smell of tallow1 loses it after having been bleached by this process4 #bja4 ,to ,remove fresh ,ink ,stains4--,let one person hold the part that is spotted between his two hands over a basin and rub it1 while another pours water gradually from a decanter upon it1 and let a whole pitcher-full be used if necessary2 or if the ruffle1 apron1 c4 be at liberty1 let it be dipped into a basin filled with water1 and there squeezed and dipped in again1 taking care to change the water every two or three squeezes4 ,if the ink be spilled on a green table carpet1 it may immediately be taken out with a tea-spoon so entirely1 that scarcely any water at all shall be wanted afterwards1 provided it was only that instant spilled1 as the down of the cloth prevents the immediate soaking in of the ink1 or of any other liquor 7except oil72 but if it have lain some time1 be the time ever so long1 provided the place be still wet1 by pouring on it fresh clean water1 by little and little at a time1 and gathering it up again each time with a spoon1 pressing hard to squeeze it out of the cloth into the spoon1 you will at last bring it to its natural color1 as if no such accident had happened4 #bjb4 ,to take out ,spots of ,ink4--,as soon as the accident happens1 wet the place with juice of sorrel or lemon1 or with vinegar1 and the best hard white soap4 #bjc4 ,to remove ,ink ,stains4--,get a pint cup1 or narrow-topped jug1 full of boiling water2 place the stained part 7of the linen1 c47 on the top of the cup2 dip it in1 draw it tight over the top of the cup1 and1 while wet and hot1 with your finger rub in a little salt of sorrel4 ,the acid should remain on the linen for half-an-hour before it is washed4 ,as salt of sorrel is a powerful poison1 the paper should be marked ,,poison1 and kept carefully locked up1 when not in use4 #bjd4 ,the fumes of brimstone useful in removing ,spots or ,stains in ,linen1 c4--,if a red rose be held in the fumes of a brimstone match1 the color will soon begin to change1 and1 at length1 the flower will become white4 ,by the same process1 fruit-stains or iron-moulds may be removed from linen or cotton cloths1 if the spots be previously moistened with water4 ,with iron-moulds1 weak muriatic acid is preferable1 assisted by heat2 as by laying the cloth on a tea-pot or kettle1 filled with boiling water4 #bje4 ,to remove ,stains from ,black ,bombazine1 ,crape or ,cloth4--,boil a large handful of fig-leaves in two quarts of water until reduced to a pint2 squeeze the leaves quite dry1 and put the liquor into a bottle for use4 ,the article should be rubbed with a sponge dipped in the liquor4 ,the word ,,poison should be written on the bottle1 to prevent any accident4 #bjf4 ,to clean ,black ,satin4--,boil three pounds of potatoes to a pulp in a quart of water2 strain through a sieve1 and brush the satin with it on a board or table4 ,the satin must not be wrung1 but folded down in cloths for three hours1 and then ironed on the wrong side4 #bjg4 ,to restore ,color taken out by ,acids4--,sal-volatile or hartshorn will suffice for this purpose4 ,it may be dropped on silk without doing any injury4 #bjh4 ,to take out ,spots on ,silk4--,rub the spots with spirit of turpentine2 this spirit exhaling1 carries off with it the oil that causes the spot4 #bji4 ,to extract ,grease from ,silks4--,scrape ,french chalk1 put it on a grease-spot1 and hold it near the fire1 or over a warm iron1 or water-plate filled with boiling water4 ,the grease will melt1 and the ,french chalk absorb it4 ,brush or rub it off2 repeat if necessary4 #baj4 ,another way4--,to remove a grease spot from silk1 scrape some ,french chalk on the wrong side2 let it remain some time1 and then brush off4 ,magnesia is also a good remedy4 #baa4 ,to extract ,grease from ,silks or ,stuffs 7another way74--,take a lump of magnesia1 and rub it wet over the spot2 let it dry2 then brush the powder off1 and the spot will disappear4 ,or1 take a visiting or other card2 separate it1 and rub the spot with the soft internal part1 and it will disappear without taking the gloss off the silk4 #bab4 ,to take ,spots out of ,cloths1 ,stuffs1 ,silk1 ,cotton1 and ,linen4--,take two quarts of spring water1 put in it a little fine white potash1 about the quantity of a walnut1 and a lemon cut in slices2 mix these well together1 and let it stand for twenty-four hours in the sun2 then strain it off1 and put the clear liquid up for use4 ,this water takes out all spots1 whether pitch1 grease1 or oil1 as well in hats1 as cloths and stuffs1 silk or cotton1 and linen4 ,as soon as the spot is taken out1 wash the place with fair water2 for cloths of a deep color1 add to a spoonful of the mixture as much fair water as to weaken it4 ,grease spots in cloth may be removed by using soap and water with a tooth or nail brush1 and afterwards wiping off the lather with the wet corner of a towel4 ,essence of lemon1 or pure spirit of turpentine1 will remove pitch from cloth1 c4 ,in woollen cloth1 an easier method is to scrape off the hard tallow with the edge of a tea-spoon1 then rub the part briskly with a clean woollen rag1 shifting the rag as the part becomes dirty2 or1 place some blotting paper on the spot1 and press it with a hot iron1 occasionally moving the paper4 #bac4 ,to clean ,silks or ,merinoes1 c4--,grate two or three large potatoes1 add to them a pint of cold water1 let them stand a short time1 and pour off the liquid clear1 or strain it through a sieve1 when it will be fit for use4 ,lay the silk on a flat surface1 and apply the liquid with a clean sponge1 till the dirt is well separated1 dip each piece in a pail of clean water1 and hang up to dry without wringing4 ,iron whilst damp on the wrong side4 ,should the silk be of more than one color1 it is desirable to wet a small piece first1 lest the dress should be spoiled1 by moisture causing the colors to run2 but for self-colored silks1 the direction is an excellent one2 and satinettes1 even of light colors1 if not greased or stained1 make up again nearly equal to new4 #bad4 ,to clean ,silks4--,if of any other color than black1 wash them in a hot lather of soft soap and water1 and rinse them in plain warm water1 to which a small quantity of dye may be added1 according to the color3 a few drops of vitriol added to the water will freshen crimson1 scarlet1 maroon1 or bright yellow2 lemon-juice for pink1 rose1 or carnation2 pearlash for blue and purple2 and for olive-green1 a pinch of verdigris2 but acid must not be used for fawn1 brown1 or orange4 ,then squeeze the liquid from the silk1 roll it in a coarse sheet1 and wring it3 spread it out1 and rub it on the wrong side with gum-water1 with a little pearlash in it2 dry it in a warm room1 and finish with calendering or mangling it4 ,black silk should be sponged with hot ox-gall on both sides1 then rinsed1 and dried smooth on a board4 ,or1 spread black plain silks upon a board1 soap the dirty place1 and brush the silk on both sides with a fine soap lather2 put it into hot water1 rinse it through cold water1 and1 having squeezed and dried it1 smooth it on the right side with an iron1 moderately heated4 #bae4 ,to make ,old ,silk look as well as ,new4--,unpick the dress1 put it into a tub and cover it with cold water2 let it remain an hour2 dip it up and down1 but do not wring it2 hang it up to drain4 ,iron it very damp1 and it will look well4 #baf4 ,to clean ,silks4--,a quarter-pound of soft soap1 a teaspoonful of brandy1 a pint of gin4 ,mix all well together4 ,with a sponge or flannel spread the mixture on each side of the silk without creasing it4 ,wash it in two or three pails of cold water1 and iron on the wrong side when rather wet4 #bag4 ,to remove ,stains from ,silks4--,stains produced by vinegar1 lemon-juice1 oil of vitriol1 or other sharp corrosives1 may often be removed from silks by mixing a little pearlash with soap-lather and passing the silk through them4 ,spirits of hartshorn will also often restore the color4 #bah4 ,to dip ,rusty ,black ,silk4--,boil logwood and water half an hour1 in which simmer the silk for the same time2 then take it out1 and put into the dye a little blue vitriol1 or green copperas2 cool it1 and simmer the silk in it for half an hour4 ,or1 boil a handful of fig-leaves in two quarts of water until it be reduced to one pint2 squeeze the leaves1 and bottle the liquor for use4 ,when wanted1 sponge the silk with it4 ,the word ,poison should be written on the bottle4 #bai4 ,black ,reviver4--,upon two ounces of powdered logwood1 and half an ounce of green copperas1 pour three pints of boiling water3 let it stand till cold1 when strain for use1 by sponging the faded stuff with it4 ,to revive black cloth1 boil it with logwood in water for half an hour1 the cloth having been previously cleaned1 dipped in warm water1 and squeezed dry2 next1 take out the cloth1 add a small piece of green copperas1 and boil it another half hour2 then hang it in the air an hour or two1 rinse it twice or thrice in cold water1 dry it1 and finish it with a soft brush1 over which two or three drops of olive oil have been rubbed4 #bbj4 ,white ,satin4--,stone blue and flannel will make white satin look nearly new1 especially if rubbed afterwards with crumbs of bread4 #bba4 ,blond ,lace4--,when blond lace gets tumbled1 breathing upon it1 and afterwards shaking it1 will be found to answer the purpose of an iron1 without chance of making the lace look yellow1 as it probably would be by the use of an iron4 ,there is no necessity for unpicking the lace4 #bbb4 ,to raise the ,surface or ,pile of ,velvet when pressed down4--,warm a smoothing-iron moderately1 and cover it with a wet cloth1 and hold it under the velvet2 the vapor arising from the heated cloth will raise the pile of the velvet1 with the assistance of a rush whisk4 #bbc4 ,to remove ,grease or ,oil ,paint from ,cloth4--,moisten them with a few drops of concentrated solution of subcarbonate of potash2 rub the spot between the fingers1 and then wash the spot with a little warm water4 #bbd4 ,another way4--,to remove oil paint1 rub the part with a bit of flannel dipped in spirits of wine or turpentine4 #bbe4 ,spots from ,woollen ,cloths4--,fullers' earth1 or tobacco pipe-clay1 being put wet on an oil spot1 absorbs the oil as the water evaporates1 and leaves the vegetable or animal fibres of cloth clean1 on being beaten or brushed out4 ,when the spot is occasioned by tallow or wax1 it is necessary to heat the part cautiously by an iron or the fire1 while the cloth is drying4 ,in some kinds of goods1 blotting paper1 bran1 or raw starch1 may be used with advantage4 #bbf4 ,to clean a ,white or ,drab ,coat4--,if the coat be much soiled1 brush well into the cloth1 the way of the nap some of the following3 mix pounded pipe-clay and whiting1 some fullers' earth1 and a little stone blue dissolved in vinegar enough to form the whole into a paste4 ,when the coat is quite dry1 rub it well1 beat it to get out the dust1 and brush it well4 #bbg4 ,to clean ,cashmere ,stuff4--,if common soap be employed1 these valuable fabrics will be injured1 and rendered less pliant and velvety than before4 ,the proper method is to use a soapy root common in ,russia and the ,east1 in the ,greek islands1 and in ,italy4 ,its original name is ishkar1 and it affords an ash-colored powder1 which1 mixed with water into a paste1 will free the stuff from any greasy stains1 and leave them the yellow tint so much prized4 #bbh4 ,to make ,portable ,balls for removing ,spots from ,clothes in general4--,take fullers'-earth perfectly dried1 so that it crumbles into powder1 moisten it with the clear juice of lemons1 and add a small quantity of pure pearl-ashes2 then work and knead the whole carefully together1 till it acquires the consistence of a thick elastic paste2 form it into convenient small balls1 and expose them to the heat of the sun1 in which they ought to be completely dried4 ,in this state they are fit for use in the manner following3--,first1 moisten the spot on your clothes with water1 then rub it with the ball just described1 and suffer it again to dry in the sun3 after having washed the spot with pure water1 it will entirely disappear4 #bbi4 ,to make ,breeches ,balls4--,mix half a pound of ,bath brick in fine powder1 one pound of pipe-clay1 two ounces of pumice-stone in fine powder1 and three ounces of ox-gall2 color the mixture with yellow ochre1 umber1 or ,irish slate1 to the desired shade1 and shape into balls4 #bcj4 ,scouring ,drops4--,mix with one ounce of pyroligneous ether1 three drachms of essence of lemon4 ,these will remove oil or grease from woollen cloth1 silk1 c41 by rubbing the spot with a piece of the same article1 moistened with the drops4 #bca4 ,to take out ,wax or ,spermaceti from ,cloth4--,hold a red-hot iron steadily within about an inch of the cloth1 and in a few minutes the wax will evaporate2 then rub the cloth with whitish paper1 to remove any mark that may remain4 #bcb4 ,to take ,wax out of ,velvet of all ,colors except ,crimson4--,take a crummy wheaten loaf1 cut it in two1 toast it before the fire1 and1 while very hot1 apply it to the part spotted with wax4 ,then apply another piece of toasted bread hot as before1 and continue the application till the wax is entirely taken out4 #bcc4 ,for taking ,grease out of the ,leaves of ,books4--,fold up1 in two small bags made of fine open muslin1 some ashes of burnt bones1 finely powdered1 or of calcined hartshorn1 which is always ready prepared at the shops of the druggists4 ,lay the bags of muslin containing the powder1 one on each side of the greasy leaf2 and1 having heated a pair of fire-tongs1 or hair-dresser's pinching-tongs1 of a moderate warmth1 press with them the two bags against the greasy spot1 and hold them some time in that situation4 ,repeat the process1 if necessary4 ,when the irons cannot be conveniently used1 the powder may be heated over the fire1 in a clean earthen vessel2 and1 whilst hot1 applied1 without any muslins1 on each side of the grease spot1 and a weight laid on it to assist its effect4 #bcd4 ,to remove ,spots of ,grease from ,paper4--,take an equal quantity of roach alum1 burnt1 and flour of brimstone1 finely powdered together2 wet the paper a little1 and put a small quantity of the powder on the place1 rubbing it gently with your finger1 and the spot will disappear4 #bce4 ,to discharge ,grease from ,leather4--,apply the white of an egg to the spot1 and dry it in the sun2 or1 mix two table-spoonfuls of spirit of turpentine1 half an ounce of mealy potatoes1 and some of the best ,durham mustard4 ,apply this mixture to the spot1 and rub it off when dry4 ,a little vinegar added1 renders it more efficacious4 #bcf4 ,for cleaning light ,kid ,gloves4--,if the gloves are not so much soiled as to require wetting1 they may be cleaned thus3--,scrape fine as much as a tea-spoonful of ,french chalk4 ,put on the gloves as for wear1 taking care that the hands be not only clean1 but cool and dry4 ,put some of the powdered chalk into the palm of one glove1 and rub the hands and fingers together1 just as if the chalk were soap employed in washing the hands4 ,in this way rub in all the chalk4 ,then take off the gloves1 without shaking them1 and lay them aside for an hour or two1 or a night1 if it suit4 ,again put them on1 and clap the hands together till all the chalk is shaken out4 ,fullers' earth1 powdered and sifted1 may be used in the same manner as ,french chalk1 and will answer nearly as well4 ,or1 gloves slightly soiled1 may be cleaned by rubbing with a very clean and dry bit of ,india-rubber4 ,white kid gloves1 or very light stone-color1 or lilac1 7not darker than what is called a ,french white17 may be stained of a bright and delicate yellow1 just the color of cowslips1 by rubbing them with the petals of the common white rose4 ,the roses must be fresh gathered for this purpose2 and the best method of applying the leaves1 is by putting the glove on its proper hand1 and then rubbing4 ,if not convenient to do the whole at one time1 the effect is not injured by laying them aside1 and taking up again4 ,when done1 they look quite equal to new1 and keep clean longer than gloves of the same color stained in the ordinary way4 #bcg4 ,another way to clean ,kid ,gloves4--,first see that your hands are clean2 then put on the gloves and wash them1 as though you were washing your hands1 in a basin of turpentine4 ,burning fluid will do equally well4 ,then hang them up in a warm place1 or where there is a good current of air1 which will carry off all smell of turpentine4 ,this method was brought from ,paris1 and thousands of dollars have been made by it4 ,the spirits of hartshorn may be substituted for the turpentine4 #bch4 ,washing ,gloves4--,if the gloves are so much soiled as to require washing1 the best application is a strong lather made of curd soap with new milk2 or water will do4 ,a very small quantity of liquid will suffice4 ,before wetting the glove1 run a strong thread through the opposite sides1 close to the wrist binding4 ,leave it about a quarter of a yard long1 and make a large knot at each end4 ,this is to form a loop or handle by which to hang up the glove to dry1 and hold it open4 ,having prepared the lather1 put one glove on the hand1 and apply the lather by means of a shaving brush or a piece of fine flannel1 carrying the strokes downwards--that is1 from the wrist or arm to the tips of the fingers4 ,continue this process till the dirt disappears1 though the glove appears of a dingy1 ill-looking color4 ,then take a clean soft towel1 and dab it till the soap is removed4 ,take off the glove1 blow into it to open all the fingers1 and1 by means of the aforesaid loop1 hang it to dry in a shady but airy place4 ,the loop should be fixed to two pegs1 or by two pegs or strings1 fastened to a line in such a manner as to keep the sides of the glove apart while drying4 ,when dry1 they will have regained their original color1 and be smooth1 glossy1 soft1 and shapable4 ,or1 the gloves when cleaned as above1 may be laid to dry on several folds of clean linen above and below4 ,limerick gloves should be washed clean with a strong lather of soap and water1 applied with a brush as above4 ,the lather must not be warmer than new milk4 ,when dry from the lather1 apply a solution of saffron1 stronger or weaker1 according to the color desired4 ,a very small quantity of saffron will suffice4 ,pour boiling water to it1 and let it steep at least twelve hours before using4 ,those who are frequently cleaning this kind of gloves1 may steep a drachm of saffron in half-a-pint of boiling water1 and when cold1 put the whole into a bottle1 without straining4 ,cork it close1 and it will keep a long time for use as required4 #bci4 ,to clean ,straw ,bonnets4--,put a chafing-dish1 with some lighted charcoal1 into a close room or large box2 then strew on the coals an ounce or two of powdered brimstone1 and let the bonnets hang in the room or box for some hours1 when they remain to be blocked4 #bdj4 ,to bleach ,straw ,hats1 c4--,straw hats and bonnets are bleached by putting them1 previously washed in pure water1 into a box with burning sulphur2 the fumes which arise1 unite with the water on the bonnets1 and the sulphurous acid thus formed1 bleaches them4 #bda4 ,method of ,bleaching ,straw4--,dip the straw in a solution of oxygenated muriatic acid1 saturated with potash4 7,oxygenated muriate of lime is much cheaper47 ,the straw is thus rendered very white1 and its flexibility is increased4 #bdb4 ,varnish for ,straw or ,chip ,hats4--,powder half-an-ounce of black sealing-wax1 put it into a bottle with two ounces of spirits of wine1 and set it in a warm place4 ,lay it on warm with a soft hair-brush1 before the fire or sun4 #bdc4 ,straw ,bonnets4--,if a straw bonnet is not worth the expense of properly cleaning1 it may be greatly improved both in comfort and appearance1 by washing it with soap and water1 applied by means of a bit of flannel or sponge4 ,afterwards rinse with clean water1 and dry quickly in the air4 ,when dry1 wash over with the white of an egg1 finely beaten4 ,the wire had better be removed before washing1 and put on afresh4 ,there is no great art in reducing a straw bonnet for a child4 ,take off all the ribs of straw that form a sort of border by going round the edge2 as many also of the straight ribs as will leave the front nearly of the depth required4 ,from the remaining front ribs cut off a little at each end2 fasten the ends securely1 and again set on the border ribs4 ,unpick the sewing of the head-piece1 till two1 three1 or more of the top rounds are taken off1 so as to bring it to the size required4 ,then sew again as many as will bring it to a proper depth4 ,it is not intended to say1 that a person who never learned the art of straw bonnet-making1 and has not the proper blocks1 c41 will do it as well as one who has2 but any notionable needle-woman may do it1 so as to look much better than a large bonnet on the small head of a child4 ,a bonnet-shape of pasteboard or buckram may be renewed by laying it between two sheets of damp paper1 and ironing with a hot iron4 ,the wire must be previously removed and afterwards put on afresh4 ,to clean silk and ribbons1 wash in cold rain water with a very little soap4 ,avoid squeezing and wringing4 ,if very dirty1 two waters may be requisite2 the second may be slightly blued1 unless the color of the silk forbids it 7as yellow or red74 ,spread on a clean towel1 and while damp1 iron with a piece of clean paper placed between the silk or ribbon and the iron4 #bdd4 ,paste4--,take two table-spoonfuls of flour and stir it into a half pint of cold water until the lumps are all broken1 then pour this into a pint of boiling water1 stirring while doing so2 afterwards let it boil up once or twice1 and take off4 #bde4 ,superior ,paste4--,mix flour and water1 with a little brown sugar1 and a very small quantity of corrosive sublimate in powder1 and boil it until sufficiently thick and smooth4 ,the sugar will keep the paste flexible1 and prevent it scaling off from smooth surfaces1 and the corrosive sublimate will check its fermentation3 a drop or two of oil of anise-seed1 lavender1 or bergamot will prevent the paste turning mouldy4 #bdf4 ,bookbinders' ,paste4--,mix wheaten flour first in cold water1 then boil it till it be of a glutinous consistence2 this method makes common paste4 ,mix a fourth1 fifth1 or sixth of the weight of the flour of powdered alum1 and if required stronger1 add a little powdered resin4 #bdg4 ,rice ,glue4--,mix rice flour smoothly with cold water1 and simmer it over a slow fire1 when it will form a delicate and durable cement1 not only answering all the purposes of common paste1 but well adapted for joining paper and card-board ornamental work4 #bdh4 ,a most excellent ,glue4--,beat an ounce of isinglass to shreds3 dissolve it gradually in a pint of brandy1 by means of gentle heat1 and then strain the solution through a piece of fine muslin4 ,the glue thus obtained should be kept in glass closely stopped4 ,when required for use1 it should be dissolved with moderate heat1 when it will appear thin1 transparent1 and almost limpid4 ,when applied in the manner of common glue1 its effect is so powerful as to join together the parts of wood stronger than the wood itself is united4 ,this glue dries into a very strong1 tough1 and transparent substance1 not easily damaged by anything but aqueous moisture1 which renders it unfit for any use where it would be much exposed to wet or damp air4 #bdi4 ,parchment ,glue4--,take one pound of parchment1 and boil it in six quarts of water till the quantity be reduced to one1 then strain off the dregs1 and boil it again till it be of the consistence of glue4 ,the same may be done with glovers' cuttings of leather1 which make a colorless glue1 if not burnt in the evaporation of the water4 #bej4 ,to make ,lip ,glue1 for joining ,paper1 ,silk1 or thin ,leather1 c4--,take of isinglass and parchment glues1 of each one ounce2 sugar-candy and gum-tragacanth1 each two drachms2 add to them an ounce of water1 and boil the whole together till the mixture1 when cold1 is of the consistence of glue2 then form the same into small rolls1 or any other figure that may be most convenient1 and it will be fit for use4 ,this glue may be wet with the tongue1 and rubbed on the edges of the paper1 silk1 or leather1 that are to be joined2 and on being laid together1 and suffered to dry1 they will be united as firmly as any other part of the substance4 #bea4 ,liquid ,glue4--,pour naphtha upon shellac until of a creamy consistence1 and keep it closely corked4 ,this glue will unite iron1 wood1 glass1 c4 ,it is water-proof1 and dries quickly4 #beb4 ,glue to hold against ,fire or ,water4--,mix a handful of quick-lime in four ounces of linseed-oil1 boil them to a good thickness1 then spread it on tin plates in the shade1 and it will become exceedingly hard2 but may be easily dissolved over the fire1 as glue4 #bec4 ,to mend ,china4--,mix together equal parts of fine glue1 white of eggs1 and white of lead1 and with it anoint the edges of the article to be mended2 press them together1 and when hard and dry scrape off as much of the cement as sticks about the joint4 ,the juice of garlic is another good cement1 and leaves no mark where it has been used4 #bed4 ,cement and ,ground ,glass ,imitation4--,in half-a-pint spirits of wine steep one ounce of isinglass twenty-four hours1 then dissolve it over a slow fire1 keeping the vessel covered that the spirit may not evaporate 7for this purpose a double saucepan should be used1 the outer one containing water1 after the manner of a glue-pot2 or the solution may be made in a jar with a lid1 tied over also with bladder1 and placed in a saucepan of water--the water should surround the jar to the height of two inches or more1 but not so high as to float it74 ,when the isinglass is completely dissolved1 add the juice of garlic1 obtained by pounding in a mortar six cloves of the root1 and straining through linen4 ,mix well1 and cork close for a short time4 ,the mixture will then cement either glass or crystal4 #bed;a4 ,cement to resist ,fire and ,water4--,half-a-pint each of vinegar and milk1 simmer them together till the curd separates4 ,strain1 and with the whey mix the whites of five eggs well beaten up4 ,the mixture of these two substances being complete1 add sifted quick-lime1 and make the whole into the consistence of putty4 ,let it be carefully applied--that is1 to lay it on every part of the broken edges1 and to make the edges fit exactly2 as soon as it is perfectly dry1 it will be found to resist both heat and moisture4 ,whatever the article was originally calculated to bear1 it is again fitted to bear as much as if it had never been broken4 #bee4 ,to imitate ,ground ,glass4--,rub the glass over with a lump of glaziers' putty1 carefully and uniformly until the surface is equally covered4 ,this is an excellent imitation of ground glass1 and is not injured by rain or damp4 ,it is useful for kitchen windows1 c4 #bef4 ,to cement ,broken ,china4--,mix some oyster-shell powder with the white of a fresh egg1 to the thickness of white paint1 lay it on thick at the two edges and join them as exact and quick as possible1 then put it before the fire till the china is quite hot1 and it will cement in about two minutes4 ,pour boiling water into it directly1 wipe it dry1 scrape it clean on both sides with a penknife1 and it will appear only as a crack4 ,mix no more than you can use for one or two things at a time2 for if the cement grows hard1 it will be spoiled4 ,the powder may be bought at the apothecaries'2 but it is best prepared at home1 which is done as follows3--,choose a large1 deep oyster-shell2 put it in the middle of a clear fire till red-hot1 then take it out and scrape away the black parts2 pound the rest in a mortar as fine as possible2 sift and beat it a second time1 till quite smooth and fine4 #beg4 ,obs4--,in cementing china and glass1 first heat the portions1 and when the cement is applied1 press them closely together1 as the thinner the cement is1 the more firmly it holds4 #beh4 ,to cement ,broken ,china or ,glass4--,beat lime to the finest powder1 and sift it through fine muslin2 then tie some into a thin muslin2 put on the edges of the broken china some white of egg2 dust some lime quickly on the same1 and unite them exactly4 #bei4 ,chinese method of mending ,china4--,take a piece of flint-glass1 beat it to a fine powder1 and grind it well with the white of an egg1 and it joins china without riveting1 so that no art can break it in the same place4 ,you are to observe1 that the composition is to be ground extremely fine4 #bfj4 ,improved ,corks for preserving ,wine or ,chemical ,liquors4--,melt together two parts of white wax and one part of beef suet2 dip your corks in this mixture1 and immediately dry them in a stove upon an iron plate2 repeat this operation twice1 and the corks thus prepared will preserve any liquor well without imparting any ill-flavor thereto4 #bfa4 ,bottle ,cement4--,common red and black sealing-wax1 of each half-a-pound2 bees'-wax1 quarter of an ounce4 ,melt them in an earthen pipkin or brass kettle4 ,the former is preferable1 because the cement may be kept in it1 and again melted whenever it is wanted for use4 ,when the mixture begins to froth1 and seems likely to boil over1 stir with a tallow candle1 which will settle the froth4 ,as soon as the whole is melted1 it is ready for use4 #bfb4 ,bottle ,cement4--,melt in an iron ladle some rosin1 and a quarter as much bees'-wax2 add a little ,venetian red1 stir with a piece of candle1 and1 when smoothly melted1 dip in the top of the bottles1 so as completely to cover them4 ,in making this cement1 be careful not to leave it a moment while it is on the fire4 #bfc4 ,blood ,cement4--,blood ,cement1 for repairing copper boilers1 c41 is made by pounded quick-lime and ox-blood mixed together3 it must be applied fresh made1 as it soon becomes so hard as to be unfit for use4 #bfd4 ,diamond ,cement4--,diamond ,cement1 for glass or china1 is made by dissolving a quarter of an ounce of isinglass in water1 by boiling it to the consistence of cream4 ,add a table-spoonful of spirits of wine4 ,use warm4 #bfe4 ,cement for attaching ,metal to ,glass or ,porcelain4--,take two ounces of a thick solution of glue1 and mix with one ounce of linseed oil varnish1 or three-quarters of an ounce of ,venice turpentine4 ,boil together1 agitating them until thoroughly mixed4 ,the pieces to be cemented should be left untouched1 after having been united1 for forty-eight or sixty hours4 #bff4 ,to mend ,tortoise-,shell4--,to mend tortoise-shell1 bring the edges of the pieces to fit each other1 observing to give the same inclination of grain to each2 then secure them in a piece of paper1 and place them between hot irons or pincers2 apply pressure1 and let them cool4 ,take care that the heat is not too great1 or it will burn the shell4 #bfg4 ,to clean ,gold ,chains1 c4--,make a lather of soap and water2 boil the chain in it for a few minutes1 and immediately on taking it out1 lay it in magnesia powder which has been heated by the fire2 when dry1 rub it with flannel2 if embossed1 use a brush4 ,or3--,wash it well in soap and water1 and put it while wet into a bag with some fresh1 clean bran2 shake it well1 and in a few minutes it will be found perfectly clean4 #bfh4 ,to restore ,pearls4--,soak them in hot water in which bran has been boiled1 with a little salt of tartar and alum1 and rub them gently between the hands2 rinse them in lukewarm water1 and lay them out to dry4 ,to preserve the color of pearls1 keep them in dry common magnesia1 instead of the cotton-wool used in jewel-cases1 and they will never lose their brilliance4 #bfi4 ,to clean ,gold or ,silver ,lace4--,rub it gently with cotton wool1 or a soft brush dipped in spirits of wine1 taking care not to injure the silk beneath4 #bgj4 ,to clean ,gold and ,silver ,lace4--,sew the lace in linen cloth1 and boil it in a pint of water1 and two ounces of soap2 and then wash the lace in water4 #bga4 ,to improve ,gilding4--,mix one gill of water1 two ounces of purified nitre1 one ounce of alum and one ounce of common salt4 ,lay this over gilt articles with a brush1 and their color will be much improved4 #bgb4 ,incombustible ,varnish for ,wood4--,equal parts of alum and isinglass1 dissolved and mixed1 applied to wood1 prevents it from burning4 ,liquids can be boiled in a wooden vessel on a common fire1 if this varnish be applied to it4 ,the wood chars sometimes1 but does not flame4 #bgc4 ,cement for ,iron ,flues4--,common salt and sifted wood-ashes in equal parts1 made into a paste with water1 is a very good cement for iron flues1 and may be applied when the flue is hot or cold4 ,iron filings and vinegar will do almost as well1 or rather iron filings moistened with diluted muriatic acid4 ,these are generally used for filling up the space between cylinders4 #bgd4 ,preparation of common ,cement for joining ,alabaster1 ,marble1 ,porphyry1 or other ,stones4--,take of bees'-wax two pounds1 and of rosin one pound2 melt them1 and add one pound and a half of the same kind of matter1 7powdered17 as the body to be cemented is composed of1 strewing it into the melted mixture1 and stirring them well together1 and afterwards kneading the mass in water1 that the powder may be thoroughly incorporated with wax and rosin4 ,the proportion of the powdered matter may be varied1 where required1 in order to bring the cement nearer to the color of the body on which it is employed4 ,this cement must be heated when applied2 as must also the parts of the subject to be cemented together2 and care must be taken likewise1 that they be thoroughly dry4 ,when this composition is properly managed1 it forms an extremely strong cement1 which will even suspend a projecting body of considerable weight1 after it is thoroughly dry and set1 and is therefore of great use to all carvers in stone1 or others who may have occasion to join together the parts of bodies of this nature4 ,melted sulphur1 applied to fragments of stones previously heated 7by placing them before a fire7 to at least the melting point of sulphur1 and then joined with the sulphur between1 makes a pretty firm and durable joining4 ,chips out of corners1 and similar little deficiencies in the stone1 may also be filled up with melted sulphur1 in which some of the powder of the stone has been mixed3 but the stone should be previously heated4 #bge4 ,strong ,cement4--,to prevent the escape of the vapors of water1 spirit1 and liquors not corrosive1 the simple application of slips of moistened bladder will answer very well for glass1 and paper with good paste for metal4 ,bladder1 to be very adhesive1 should be soaked some time in water moderately warm1 till it feels clammy1 it then sticks very well2 if smeared with white of eggs instead of water1 it adheres still closer4 #bgf4 ,to scour a ,hat4--,rub yellow soap on a hard brush1 dip it into boiling water1 and brush the hat round with the nap2 if the nap be clotted1 continue to brush it till it is smooth1 and free from soap2 then1 if requisite1 scrape out the dirt1 by passing round the hat an edged piece of wood1 or the back of a knife2 next1 beat the nap with a cane1 hang the hat to dry1 and pass a heated flat iron two or three times gently over it2 brush it afterwards4 #bgg4 ,management of ,razor ,strops4--,most razor strops are spoiled by being left too dry2 a drop or two of sweet oil1 frequently added to the strop1 would remedy this2 and1 after using the strop1 passing the razor on the inside of a warm hand1 gives the smoothest and finest edge2 putting the razor in warm water makes it cut very keen1 and perhaps nothing makes a better razor strop than crocus martis1 with a little sweet oil1 rubbed well on leather with a glass bottle4 #bgh4 ,to prevent ,gentlemen's ,hats from being injured by ,rain4--,shake off the water as much as possible2 then with a clean linen cloth or silk handkerchief wipe the hat carefully1 keeping the beaver flat and smooth1 in the same direction as it was first placed2 then with hands fix it in the original shape1 and hang it at a distance from the fire to dry4 ,a few hours after1 or the next morning1 lay the hat on the table1 and brush it round and round several times with a soft brush in the proper direction1 and you will find your hat not in the least injured by the rain4 ,if the gloss is not quite so high as you wish1 take a flat iron1 moderately heated1 and pass the same two or three times gently over the hat2 brush it afterwards2 and it will be nearly as handsome as when first sent home from the shop4 #bgi4 ,dyeing4--,occasionally1 when colored articles of silk1 wool1 or cotton have been cleaned1 their color requires to be made deeper2 at other times1 it maybe desirable to change the color altogether1 when that already in the stuff must be discharged1 and the article dyed anew4 ,articles of any color may be dyed black1 and black may easily be re-dyed4 ,blues can be made green or black2 green may be made brown1 and brown1 green2 and any color on re-dyeing1 will take a darker tint than at first4 ,a black may be dyed maroon1 claret1 or dark-brown2 but green is the best color into which black can be changed4 ,most colors can be discharged by boiling the articles in water1 with a small quantity of spirits of salts in it4 ,yellows1 browns1 and blues1 are not easily discharged2 maroons1 reds of some kinds1 and olives1 may be easily discharged1 by boiling them in water1 with a small quantity of the following articles3 roche-alum1 for maroons2 oil of vitriol--a very small quantity--for olives and grays2 alum1 pearlash1 or soap1 will discharge green to a yellow1 which may be boiled off with soap4 #bhj4 ,to ,alum ,silks4--,silk should be alumed cold1 for when it is alumed hot1 it is deprived of a great part of its lustre4 ,the alum liquor should always be strong for silks1 as they take the dye more readily afterwards4 #bha4 ,various ,dyes4--,the following are the articles employed for the colors most in use1 the proportions depending upon the depth or the shade required4 ,lilac and ,purple4--,boil archil in water2 or1 boil logwood in water2 and1 when cold1 dip the article to be dyed into it1 having previously passed it through a weak solution of alum in water4 ,from logwood also may be obtained different shades of ,violet4 ,effective ,lilac dyes may be produced from the berries of the ,portugal laurel2 and from the black currant1 after the juice has been expressed4 ,red is obtained from madder1 and ,brazil wood2 the article being first dipped in weak alum and water1 then in the dye1 and lastly in a decoction of archil and water1 to give it a bloom4 ,rose1 ,flesh-color1 ,poppy1 and ,cherry-red1 are obtained from a decoction of carthamus in water1 with a little soda and lemon juice4 ,for a poppy-color1 the article should first be dipped in a weak solution of arnatto in water2 and for a pale carnation1 a little soap should be added to the carthamus4 ,pink ,bloom4--,archil is employed to give a bloom to pinks1 whites1 c41 as for silk stockings2 for which purpose1 also1 pink saucers are used4 ,scarlet is obtained from cochineal2 but1 for cotton and wool1 the color derived from it is little superior to that given by madder4 ,nankeen is obtained from ,spanish arnatto dissolved in hot water1 with a small portion of pearlash in it4 ,blue is prepared from indigo2 but1 as this dye is not easily made1 it will be better to purchase a bottle of ,blue ,dye4 ,yellow may be obtained from the juice of the tops of potato-flowers1 fustic chips1 weld or dyers' weed1 turmeric1 and ,dutch pink4 ,green consists of blue and yellow dyes1 mixed4 ,orange is extracted from carthamus4 ,cinnamon from logwood1 ,brazil wood1 and fustic1 mixed2 or from a strong decoction made from the green tops and flowers of the common heath4 ,black is formed by logwood and green copperas boiled in water2 the color being improved by first boiling the article with galls1 or alder-bark1 in water2 or by first dyeing it with walnut-peels4 ,gray is produced by diluting black dye4 ,brown is obtained from walnut-peels1 or the bark of birch4 ,olives are made from blue1 red1 and brown4 ,the pericarp of the ,scotch rose contains a fine purple juice which1 diluted with water1 dyes silk and muslin ,peach-color2 the addition of alum will make it a deep ,violet dye4 ,in all cases1 except otherwise specified1 the article to be dyed should be first steeped in a weak solution of alum in water4 #bhb4 ,to dye the ,linings of ,curtains1 ,furniture ,covers1 c4--,wash the articles clean1 and1 having prepared the dye according to either of the previous recipes1 dip them1 rinse them in pump water1 then in water-starch2 dry them quickly1 and mangle or calender them4 #bhc4 ,to dye ,silk ,stockings4--,wash and boil the stockings1 if requisite1 in soap and water1 and rinse them in clear hot water4 ,put three table-spoonfuls of archil into a wash-hand basin of hot water1 in which soak the stockings until they become of a lilac shade1 when rinse them lightly in cold water4 ,dry them in fumes of brimstone1 and when they are bleached to the required flesh-color1 rub the right side with clean flannel or glass1 and iron them4 ,if the pink saucer-color be used instead of archil1 the stockings will not require bleaching with brimstone4 ,for ,black ,stockings4--,having dyed them1 finish them on wooden legs1 by rubbing them with flannel moistened with olive oil4 ,rub each pair half an hour4 #bhd4 ,to dye ,gloves to look like ,york ,tan4--,put some saffron into one pint of soft water boiling hot1 and let it infuse all night2 next morning wet the leather with a brush4 ,the tops should be sewn close to prevent the color from getting in4 ,to dye ,white ,gloves a beautiful ,purple4--,boil #d ozs4 of logwood and #b ozs4 of roche-alum in #c pints of soft water till half-wasted4 ,let it stand to be cold after straining4 ,let the gloves be nicely mended2 then do them over with a brush1 and when dry repeat it4 ,twice is sufficient1 unless the color is to be very dark4 ,when dry1 rub off the loose dye with a coarse cloth4 ,beat up the white of an egg1 and with a sponge rub it over the leather4 ,the dye will stain the hands1 but wetting them with vinegar before they are washed will take it off4 #bhe4 ,to dye ,straw and ,chip ,bonnets ,black4--,boil them in strong logwood liquor three or four hours1 occasionally adding green copperas1 and taking the bonnets out to cool in the air1 and this must be continued for some hours4 ,let the bonnets remain in the liquor all night1 and the next morning take them out1 dry them in the air1 and brush them with a soft brush4 ,lastly1 rub them inside and out with a sponge moistened with oil1 and then send them to be blocked4 #bhf4 ,to make ,nankeen ,dye4--,boil equal parts of arnatto and common potash in water1 till the whole are dissolved4 ,this will produce the pale reddish buff so much in use1 and sold under the name of ,nankeen ,dye4 #bhg4 ,to dye ,cotton a fine ,buff ,color4--,let the twist or yarn be boiled in pure water1 to cleanse it2 then wring it1 run it through a dilute solution of iron in the vegetable acid1 which printers call iron liquor2 wring1 and run it through lime-water1 to raise it2 wring it again1 and run it through a solution of starch and water2 then wring it once more1 and dry1 wind1 warp1 and weave it for use4 #bhh4 ,to dye ,worsted or ,woollen ,black4--,put in half a gallon of water a piece of bi-chromate of potash1 the size of a horse-bean4 ,boil the articles in this seven or eight minutes4 ,take them out and wash them4 ,then in another half-gallon of water put in one table-spoonful and a half of ground logwood2 boil the articles in this the same length of time as before4 ,then wash them in cold water4 #bhi4 ,to dye ,hair and ,feathers ,green4--,take of verdigris or verditer #a oz41 gum water1 #a pint2 mix them well1 and dip the hair or feathers into the mixture1 shaking them well about4 #bij4 ,waterproof ,clothing4--,first make the cloak1 coat1 or trowsers of linen2 then soak them well for a day or two in boiled oil2 then hang them up in a dry place till perfectly dry1 without wringing the oil out2 then paint them1 without turpentine or dryers being in the paint1 black1 or any other color you like1 and lay the paint on thinly1 and let it dry4 7,this is the method practised by seamen47 ,waterproof ,clothing4--,make the garment of strong unbleached calico2 hang it up in a dry place1 and1 with a brush1 give it two coats of boiled linseed oil4 ,buy the oil ready-boiled2 a pint will be sufficient for a cape or pair of overalls4 ,canvas may be prepared in the same way for rick-cloths1 or other roofing purposes4 ,another way4--,get some weak size1 such as is used by paper-makers2 make it hot1 and stir a small lump of alum1 and a small quantity of soap lather into it4 ,then with a brush apply it to the garment equally all over1 as recommended above with the oil4 ,if the garment be of good cloth1 the size may be laid on inside4 #bia4 ,chinese ,method of rendering ,cloth ,waterproof4--,to one ounce of white wax1 melted1 add one quart of spirits of turpentine1 which1 when thoroughly mixed and cold1 dip the cloth in and hang it up to dry4 ,by this cheap and easy method1 muslin1 as well as the strongest cloths1 will be rendered impenetrable to the hardest rains1 without the pores being filled up1 or any injury done1 when the cloth is colored4 #bib4 ,to preserve ,furs and ,woollens from ,moths4--,let the former be occasionally combed while in use1 and the latter be brushed and shaken4 ,when not wanted1 dry them first1 let them be cool2 then mix among them bitter apples from the apothecary's in small muslin bags1 sew the articles in several folds of linen1 carefully turned in at the edges1 and keep them from damp4 ,or1 lay amongst them the cuttings of ,russia leather4 #bic4 ,or--,leaves from the tobacco plant are very effectual in keeping off moths4 ,lay them between the folds of the blankets1 carpets1 c4 ,air furs1 occasionally4 #bid4 ,to prevent ,moths4--,in the month of ,april beat your fur garments well with a small cane or elastic stick1 then lap them up in linen without pressing the fur too hard1 and put between the folds some camphor in small lumps2 then put your furs in this state in boxes well closed4 ,when the furs are wanted for use1 beat them well as before1 and expose them for twenty-four hours to the air1 which will take away the smell of the camphor4 #bie4 ,easy ,method of preventing ,moths in ,furs or ,woollens4--,sprinkle the furs or woollen stuffs1 as well as the drawers or boxes in which they are kept1 with spirits of turpentine2 the unpleasant scent of which will speedily evaporate1 on exposure of the stuffs to the air4 ,some persons place sheets of paper1 moistened with spirits of turpentine1 over1 under1 or between pieces of cloth1 c41 and find it a very effectual method4 #bif4 ,to preserve ,furs1 ,woollens1 c4--many woollen-drapers put bits of camphor1 the size of a nutmeg1 in papers1 on different parts of the shelves in their shops2 and as they brush their cloths every two1 three1 or four months1 this keeps them free from moths2 and this should be done in boxes where furs1 c41 are put4 ,a tallow candle is frequently put within each muff when laid by4 #big4 ,to keep ,moths1 ,beetles1 etc41 from ,clothes4--,put a piece of camphor in a linen bag1 or some aromatic herbs1 in the drawers1 among linen or woollen clothes1 and neither moth nor worm will come near them4 #bih4 ,a celebrated ,blacking ,cake for ,boots and ,shoes4--,take one part of gum tragacanth1 four parts of river water1 two parts of neat's-foot1 or some other softening1 lubricating oil1 two parts of superfine ivory-black1 one part of ,prussian blue in fine powder1 or indigo1 four parts of brown sugar-candy2 boil the mixture2 and when the composition is of a proper consistence1 let it be formed into cakes of such a size that each cake may make a pint of liquid blacking4 #bii4 ,good ,blacking for ,boots and ,shoes4--,take of ivory black1 one pound2 lamp-black1 half an ounce2 treacle1 one pound2 sweet oil1 one ounce and a half2 coarse gum ,arabic1 half an ounce2 green copperas1 three-quarters of an ounce2 and stale vinegar1 three pints and a half4 ,mix all well together1 having first dissolved the gum in a little water2 then add gradually1 briskly stirring the mixture1 half an ounce of oil of vitriol2 let it stand two days1 occasionally stirring it1 and it will be fit for use4 ,or1 two ounces of ivory-black1 one tea-spoonful of oil of vitriol1 a table-spoonful of sweet-oil1 and two ounces of sugar-candy1 to be mixed with half a pint of vinegar4 #cjj4 ,liquid ,blacking4--,ivory-black1 quarter of a pound2 treacle1 half a pound1 well mixed2 to which add sweet oil1 one pennyworth1 and small beer three pints2 add after1 oil of vitriol1 one pennyworth1 which will cause it to boil4 ,fit for use in three days4 #cja4 ,french ,polish for ,boots and ,shoes4--,logwood chips1 half a pound2 glue1 quarter of a pound2 indigo1 pounded very fine1 quarter of an ounce2 soft soap1 quarter of an ounce2 isinglass1 quarter of an ounce2 boil these ingredients in two pints of vinegar and one of water1 during ten minutes after ebullition1 then strain the liquid4 ,when cold it is fit for use4 ,to apply the ,french polish1 the dirt must be washed from the boots and shoes2 when these are quite dry1 the liquid polish is put on with a bit of sponge4 #cjb4 ,to clean ,white ,satin ,shoes4--,rub them lengthways of the satin1 with a piece of new white flannel dipped in spirits of wine4 ,if slightly soiled1 you may clean them by rubbing with stale bread4 ,white satin shoes should be kept in blue paper closely wrapped1 with coarse brown paper outside4 ,to keep your thin1 light slippers in shape1 when you put them away1 fold them ever lengthways or sideways1 and tie the strings round them4 ,you should have a covered box purposely for your shoes4 #cjc4 ,to clean ,boot-tops ,brown4--,mix1 in the same quantity of water1 one ounce of oxalic acid1 half an ounce of muriatic acid1 a small vial of spirits of lavender1 and two tea-spoonfuls of salt of lemon4 ,each bottle should be carefully labeled and marked ,poison4 #cjd4 ,directions for using the ,liquid4--,for the white tops3 to be scrubbed well with a clean hard brush1 then sponged well with cold water1 all one way2 and allowed to dry gradually in the sun1 or by the fire4 ,brown tops are not to be scrubbed with a brush1 but sponged all over with the mixture1 till all stains be removed2 then sponged well with cold water1 and rubbed with flannel till they be highly polished4 #cje4 ,shoes4--,when about being measured for shoes1 place the foot firmly on the ground1 as the foot is larger in a standing than in a sitting posture4 #cjf4 ,shoes4--,one hint about shoes--a most essential and expensive article of family wear4 ,however worn and full of holes the soles may be1 if the upper leathers are whole1 or soundly mended1 and the stitching firm1 the soles may be covered with the newly adopted article gutta percha1 and at a very small expense the shoes will be rendered as good as new4 ,we have seen shoes which even the eldest daughter of the ,smith family despised as not worth carrying home1 made quite sound and respectable in appearance1 and to serve many months in constant wear1 by being thus soled at the cost of only a few pence4 ,thin shoes that have been worn only in-doors1 and which are laid aside on account of the tops becoming shabby1 perhaps worn out1 while the sewing is sound1 may be made very tidy by covering with woollen cloth1 or with a bit of thick knitting1 or platted list1 stitched on as close as possible to the regular seam4 #cjg4 ,to prevent ,snow-water from penetrating ,boots and ,shoes4--,take equal quantities of bees'-wax and mutton-suet1 and melt them in an earthen pipkin over a slow fire4 ,lay the mixture1 while hot1 over the boots and shoes1 which ought also to be made warm4 ,let them stand before the fire a short time1 and set them aside till they are cold2 then rub them with dry woollen stuff1 so that you may not grease the blacking-brushes4 ,if you black the shoes before the mixture be put on1 they will afterwards take the blacking much better4 ,or1 boil together for half an hour1 a quart of linseed oil1 two ounces of resin1 and half an ounce of white vitriol1 and incorporate with them a quarter of a pint of spirit of turpentine1 and two ounces of well-dried oak sawdust4 ,lay the mixture on the soles of the boots4 #cjh4 ,water-proof ,boots4--,a pint of boiled linseed oil1 half a pound of mutton suet1 six ounces of clean bees'-wax1 and four ounces of resin1 are to be melted and well mixed over a fire4 ,of this1 while warm1 but not hot enough to shrink the leather1 with a brush lay on plentifully over new boots or shoes1 when quite dry and clean4 ,the leather remains pliant4 ,the ,new ,england fishermen preserve their boots water-tight by this method1 which1 it is said1 has been in use among them above one hundred years4 ,they can thus stand in water hour after hour without inconvenience4 #cji4 ,water-proof ,boots4--,i have had three pairs of boots for the last six years 7no shoes71 and ,i think ,i shall not require any more for the next six years to come4 ,the reason is1 that ,i treat them in the following manner3 ,i put a pound of tallow and half a pound of rosin in a pot on the fire2 when melted and mixed1 ,i warm the boots and apply the hot stuff with a painter's brush1 until neither the sole or the upper-leather will suck in any more4 ,if it is desired that the boots should immediately take a polish1 melt an ounce of wax with a tea-spoonful of lamp-black4 ,a day after the boots have been treated with tallow and rosin1 rub over them this wax in turpentine1 but not before the fire4 ,the exterior will then have a coat of wax alone1 and will shine like a mirror4 ,tallow1 or any other grease1 becomes rancid1 and rots the stitching as well as the leather2 but the rosin gives it an antiseptic quality1 which preserves the whole4 ,boots and shoes should be so large as to admit of wearing cork soles4--,correspondent of ,mechanics' ,magazine4 #caj4 ,to make ,cloth or ,outer ,clothing of any description ,water-proof4--,take a quarter of an ounce of yellow or ,castile soap1 and one gallon of rain water2 boil for twenty minutes2 skim1 and when cold1 put in the cloth or garment2 let it remain soaking twenty-four hours2 take it out1 and hang to drain2 when half-dry1 put it into the following solution3--,alum1 half a pound2 sugar of lead1 quarter of a pound2 dissolved in four gallons of rain water4 ,let the cloth be thoroughly soaked1 and then hang to dry4 ,this process entirely destroys the capillary attraction in the fibres and threads of the cloth1 and the rain or wet pours off the surface without lodging or penetrating through the cloth4 ,the solution has no effect in altering the texture or appearance of the cloth or article immersed4 ,great care must be taken as regards the sugar of lead1 not to leave it where children or any persons ignorant of its qualities can get access to it1 as it is a powerful poison4 #caa4 ,to make an ,oil-skin ,coat or ,wrapper4--,if a stout coat or wrapper is wanted1 let the material be strong unbleached or brown calico4 ,if a light one is preferred1 make use of brown holland4 ,soak it 7when made7 in hot water1 and hang to dry2 then boil ten ounces of ,india-rubber in one quart of raw linseed oil1 until dissolved2 7this will require about three hours' boiling17 when cold1 mix with the oil so prepared about half a pint of paint of any color which may be preferred1 and of the same consistency as that used for painting wood4 ,with a paint-brush lay a thin coat over the outside of the wrapper1 brushing it well into the seams4 ,hang it to dry in a current of air1 but sheltered from a powerful sun4 ,when thoroughly dry1 give it another coat2 dry as before1 and then give a third and last coat4 ,the wrapper1 when well dried1 will be ready for use4 #cab4 ,to make ,gutta ,percha ,soles4--,the gutta percha possesses properties which render it invaluable for winter shoes4 ,it is1 compared with leather1 a slow conductor of heat2 the effect of this is1 that the warmth of the feet is retained1 however cold the surface may be on which the person stands1 and that clammy dampness1 so objectionable in the wear of ,india rubber shoes1 is entirely prevented4 ,on first using gutta percha shoes1 the wearer is forcibly struck with the superior warmth and comfort which is produced by this non-conducting property2 and ,i confidently predict1 that all those who try gutta percha1 will be steady consumers4 ,we shall now give the method of fixing the gutta percha soles4 ,make the sole of the boot perfectly clean and dry1 scratch it with an awl or a fork until it becomes rough1 warm it before the fire1 and spread over it with a hot iron or poker some of the solution sold for this purpose1 or in the absence of this1 place some of the thin parings of the gutta percha on the sole1 holding it to the fire1 and spreading it as before4 ,when this has been repeated two or three times1 and all is well covered1 warm the gutta percha sole1 and the sole of the boot at the same time1 until both become soft and sticky1 place the sole on the boot1 and press it down carefully1 beginning at the toe1 so as to press out the air and make it adhere closely2 nothing more remains to be done1 than as soon as it becomes hard to pare the edges with a sharp knife1 and trim off as may be necessary4 ,all the parings and old pieces should be saved1 as gutta percha is not injured by use1 and may be sold to the manufacturer in order to be restored and made up again4 #cac4 ,fly ,water4--,most of the fly-waters1 and other preparations commonly sold for the destruction of flies1 are variously disguised poisons1 dangerous and even fatal to the human species3 such as solutions of mercury1 arsenic1 c41 mixed with honey or syrup4 ,the following preparation1 however1 without endangering the lives of children1 or other incautious persons1 is not less fatal to flies than even a solution of arsenic4 ,dissolve two drachms of the extract of quassia in half a pint of boiling water2 and adding a little sugar or syrup1 pour the mixture on plates4 ,to this enticing food the flies are extremely partial1 and it never fails to destroy them4 ,a strong infusion of green tea1 sweetened1 is as effectual in poisoning flies1 as the solution of arsenic generally sold for that purpose4 #cad4 ,to destroy ,flies4--,ground black pepper and moist sugar1 intimately mixed in equal quantities1 and diluted with milk1 placed in saucers1 adding fresh milk1 and stirring the mixture as often as necessary1 succeeds admirably in occasioning their death4 #cae4 ,another way to destroy ,flies4--,pour a little simple oxymel 7an article sold by druggists7 into a common tumbler glass1 and place in the glass a piece of cap paper1 made into the shape of the upper part of a funnel1 with a hole at the bottom to admit the flies4 ,attracted by the smell1 they readily enter the trap in swarms1 and by the thousands soon collected prove that they have not the wit or the disposition to return4 #caf4 ,to remove ,flies4--,flies and other insects may be kept from attacking meat1 by dusting it over with pepper1 powdered ginger1 or any other spice1 or by skewering a piece of paper to it on which a drop of creosote has been poured4 ,the spices may be readily washed off with water before dressing the meat4 #cag4 ,to keep off ,flies4--,place camphor on or near what you wish to protect from them4 #cah4 ,wasps and ,flies4--,these insects may be killed immediately by dipping a feather in a little sweet oil1 and touching their backs with it4 ,when intent on fruit this can easily be done4 ,insects of different kinds are readily killed by oil2 it closes up the lateral pores by which they breathe4 #cai4 ,to destroy ,ants and ,wasps4--,ants are destroyed by opening the nest and putting in quick-lime1 and throwing water on it4 ,wasps may be destroyed in the same way2 only it will be requisite that the person who does it should be covered with muslin1 or something over the face1 hands1 c41 so that the wasps shall not be able to sting them4 #cbj4 ,to destroy ,ants4--,ants that frequent houses or gardens may be destroyed by taking flour of brimstone1 half a pound1 and potash1 four ounces3 set them in an iron or earthen pan over the fire till dissolved and united2 afterwards beat them to a powder1 and infuse a little of this powder in water2 and wherever you sprinkle it the ants will die1 or fly the place4 #cba4 ,another ,method4--,corrosive sublimate1 mixed well with sugar1 has proved a mortal poison to them1 and is the most effectual way of destroying these insects4 #cbb4 ,to destroy ,cockroaches1 c4--,stir a small quantity of arsenic with some bread-crumbs1 which lay near the insects' haunts2 meantime1 be careful to keep dogs and cats out of the way4 ,poisoned wafers are also made for killing cockroaches3 a trap is made with a glass well1 for the same purpose2 but a more simple contrivance is to half-fill a glazed basin1 or pie-dish1 with sweetened beer or linseed oil1 and set in places frequented by cockroaches4 ,they will attack the red wax of sealed bottles1 but will not touch black wax4 #cbc4 ,to destroy ,crickets4--,to destroy crickets at night1 set dishes or saucers filled with the grounds of beer or tea1 on the kitchen-floor1 and1 in the morning1 the crickets will be found dead from excess of drinking4 #cbd4 ,to drive away ,fleas4--,sprinkle about the bed a few drops of oil of lavender1 and the fleas will soon disappear4 ,fumigation with brimstone1 or fresh leaves of penny-royal sewed in a bag1 and laid in the bed1 will have the desired effect4 #cbe4 ,liquor for destroying ,caterpillars1 ,ants1 and other ,insects4--,take a pound and three-quarters of soap1 the same quantity of flower of sulphur1 two pounds of champignons1 or puff-balls1 and fifteen gallons of water4 ,when the whole has been well mixed1 by the aid of a gentle heat1 sprinkle the insects with the liquor1 and it will instantly kill them4 #cbf4 ,to destroy ,rats4--,cut a number of corks or a piece of sponge as thin as sixpences2 stew them in grease1 and place them in the way of the rats4 ,they will greedily devour this delicacy1 and will die of indigestion4 #cbg4 ,to kill ,rats1 another way4--,there are two objections to the common mode of killing rats1 by laying poison for them2 first1 the danger to which it exposes other animals and even human beings2 second1 the possibility that the rats may cause an intolerable stench1 by dying in their holes4 ,the following method is free from these objections1 and has proved effectual in clearing houses infested with these vermin4 ,oil of amber and ox-gall in equal parts1 add to them oatmeal or flour sufficient to form a paste1 which divide into little balls and lay them in the middle of a room which rats are supposed or known to visit4 ,surround the balls with a number of vessels filled with water4 ,the smell of the oil will be sure to attract the rats1 they will greedily devour the balls1 and becoming intolerably thirsty1 will drink till they die on the spot4 #cbh4 ,to expel ,rats4--,catch one in a trap2 muzzle it1 with the assistance of a fellow-servant1 and slightly singe some of the hair2 then smear the part with turpentine1 and set the animal loose2 if again caught1 leave it still at liberty1 as the other rats will shun the place which it inhabits4 ,it is said to be a fact that a toad placed in a cellar will free it from rats4 ,rats may be expelled from cellars and granaries simply by scattering a few stalks and leaves of mullen in their paths4 ,there is something very annoying in this plant to the rat4 ,it affords1 therefore1 a very easy method of getting rid of a most perplexing evil1 and much more economical and less troublesome than gunpowder1 rat exterminator1 cats1 or traps4 #cbi4 ,to destroy ,fleas and other ,vermin on ,animals4--,to destroy them on dogs1 rub the animal1 when out of the house1 with the common ,scotch snuff1 except the nose and eyes4 ,rub the powder well into the roots of the hair4 ,clear lime-water destroys the flea-worm without injuring the skin or hair4 ,oil of turpentine1 when applied to animals1 which were covered with insects1 destroyed the insects1 without hurting the animal4 #ccj4 ,to destroy ,bugs4--,mix half a pint of spirits of turpentine and half a pint of best rectified spirits of wine1 in a strong bottle1 and add in small pieces about half an ounce of camphor1 which will dissolve in a few minutes4 ,shake the mixture well together2 and1 with a sponge or brush dipped in it1 well wet the bed and furniture where the vermin breed4 ,this will infallibly destroy both them and their nits1 though they swarm4 ,the dust1 however1 should be well brushed from the bedstead and furniture1 to prevent1 from such carelessness1 any stain4 ,if that precaution is attended to1 there will be no danger of soiling the richest silk or damask4 ,on touching a live bug with only the tip of a pin put into the mixture1 the insect will be instantly deprived of existence1 and should any bugs happen to appear after using the mixture1 it will only be from not wetting the linen1 c41 of the bed1 the foldings and linings of the curtains near the rings or the joints1 or holes in and about the bed or head-board1 in which places the vermin nestle and breed2 so that those parts being well wetted with more of the mixture1 which dries as fast as it is used1 and pouring it into the joints and holes1 where the sponge and brush cannot reach1 it will never fail totally to destroy them4 ,the smell of this mixture1 though powerful1 is extremely wholesome1 and to many persons very agreeable4 ,it exhales1 however1 in two or three days4 ,only one caution is necessary2 but that is important4 ,the mixture must be well shaken when used2 but never applied by candle light1 lest the spirits1 being attracted by the flare of the candle1 might cause a conflagration4 #cca4 ,kitchen ,cloths4--,the four kinds of cloths requisite for the kitchen1 are knife-cloths1 dusters1 tea and glass-cloths4 ,knife-cloths should be made of coarse sheeting4 ,dusters are generally made of mixed cotton and linen4 ,the best material for tea and glass-cloths1 is a sheet which has begun to wear thin4 ,besides the above cloths1 are knife-tray-cloths1 house-cloths for cleaning1 pudding and cheese-cloths1 and towels4 #ccb4 ,clothes' ,posts soon decay at the bottom1 if left standing in the ground2 but1 if fitted into sockets so as to be removable1 they will last for years4 ,the sockets should be made of one-inch elm1 eighteen inches in length1 tapering downwards4 ,when finished1 they ought to be about three inches square inside1 at the upper end4 ,they are to be driven firmly into the earth till just level with the surface4 ,the posts are then made to drop in and stand firm1 and can be taken out1 and put under shelter when not in use4 ,a cover should be fitted to each socket1 to keep litter from falling in when the post is removed4 ,a drying-ground should not be too much exposed to the wind1 as the violent flapping tears the corners of table-cloths1 sheets1 c41 and overblown linen feels flabby after mangling4 #ccc4 ,out-houses and ,cellars4--,if these have not been recently cleansed1 have them thoroughly cleaned out and white-washed4 ,a dirty cellar is an abomination1 and the fruitful source of many diseases4 ,let all your out-buildings have a thorough overhauling and repairing4 #ccd4 ,to purify ,houses4--,an able chemist recommends a mixture of one pound of chloride of lime in ten gallons of water4 ,throw a quart of this daily down the sink or water-closet4 ,it will not cost five cents a week4 ,one of the best and most pleasant disinfectants is coffee4 ,pound well-dried raw coffee-beans in a mortar1 and strew the powder over a moderately heated iron plate4 ,the simple traversing of the house with a roaster containing freshly roasted coffee will clear it of offensive smells4 ,,part ,,ii4 ,,health ,,and ,,beauty4 ,rules for the preservation of ,health1 and simple ,recipes found often efficacious in common diseases and slight injuries--,directions for preparing ,remedies and ministering to the ,sick and ,suffering--,the ,toilet1 or hints and suggestions for the preservation of ,beauty1 with some useful ,recipes for those who need them4 #cce4 ,means of preserving ,health4--,light and sunshine are needful for your health4 ,get all you can2 keep your windows clean4 ,do not block them up with curtains1 plants1 or bunches of flowers3 these last poison the air in small rooms4 ,fresh air is needful for your health4 ,as often as you can1 open all your windows1 if only for a short time1 in bad weather2 in fine weather1 keep them open1 but never sit in draughts4 ,when you get up1 open the windows wide1 and throw down the bed-clothes1 that they may be exposed to fresh air some hours daily before they are made up4 ,keep your bed-clothes clean2 hang them to the fire when you can4 ,avoid wearing at night what you wear in the day4 ,hang up your day clothes at night4 ,except in the severest weather1 in small crowded sleeping-rooms1 a little opening at the top of the window-sash is very important2 or1 you will find one window-pane of perforated zinc very useful4 ,you will not catch cold half so easily by breathing pure air at night4 ,let not the beds be directly under the windows4 ,sleeping in exhausted air creates a desire for stimulants4 ,pure water is needful for your health4 ,wash your bodies as well as your faces1 rubbing them all over with a coarse cloth4 ,if you cannot wash thus every morning1 pray do so once a week4 ,crying and cross children are often pacified by a gentle washing of their little hands and faces--it soothes them4 ,babies' heads should be washed carefully1 every morning1 with yellow soap4 ,no scurf should be suffered to remain upon them4 ,get rid of all slops and dirty water at once1 but do not throw them out before your doors2 and never suffer dead cabbage-leaves or dirt of any kind to remain there2 all these poison the air1 and bring fevers4 ,all bad smells are poison2 never rest with them4 ,keep your back yards clean4 ,pig-sties are very injurious2 slaughter-houses are equally hurtful3 the smells from both excite typhus fever1 and cause ill health4 ,frederick the ,great said1 that one fever was more fatal to him than seven battles4 ,disease1 and even death1 is often the consequence of our own negligence4 ,wash your rooms and passages at least once a week2 use plenty of clean water2 but do not let your children stay in them while they are wet--it may bring on croup or inflammation of the chest4 ,if you read your ,bibles--which it is earnestly hoped you do--you will find how cleanliness1 both as to the person and habitation1 was taught to the ,jews by ,god himself2 and we read in the #dth chapter of ,nehemiah1 that when they were building their second temple1 and defending their lives against their foes1 having no time for rest1 they contrived to put off their clothes for washing4 ,it is a good old saying1 that ,cleanliness is next to ,godliness4 ,see ,heb4 x4 #bb4 ,wholesome food is needful for your health4 ,buy the most strengthening4 ,pieces of fresh beef and mutton go the farthest4 ,eat plenty of fresh salt with food2 it prevents disease4 ,pray do not let your children waste their pocket-money in tarts1 cakes1 sugar-plums1 sour fruit1 c42 they are very unwholesome1 and hurt the digestion4 ,people would often1 at twenty years of age1 have a nice little sum of money to help them on in the world1 if they had put in the savings-bank the money so wasted4 ,cocoa is cheaper and much more nourishing than tea4 ,none of these liquids should be taken hot1 but lukewarm2 when hot1 they inflame the stomach1 and produce indigestion4 ,all kinds of intoxicating drinks are to be avoided1 or taken in the utmost moderation4 ,if possible1 abstain from them altogether4 ,money saved from drink1 will help to educate your children1 and make your homes happier4 ,we are all made to breathe the pure air of heaven1 and therefore much illness is caused by being constantly in-doors4 ,this is especially the case with mothers of families1 young milliners1 ironers1 shoe-makers1 tailors1 c4 ,let such persons make a point1 whenever it is possible1 of taking exercise in the open air for at least an hour and a half1 daily4 ,time would be saved in the long-run1 by the increased energy and strength gained1 and by the warding off of disease4 ,be sure to get your children vaccinated1 between the third and sixth month after birth1 before teething begins1 and when they are in a good state of health for it4 ,this would save a great many lives4 ,on no account give your children laudanum1 or any kind of sleeping medicine2 numbers are killed by it4 #ccf4 ,directions in severe ,sickness4--,whenever any one of your family is taken violently ill1 send as soon as possible for the most skilful physician--and follow1 carefully1 his orders4 ,but1 many times1 the mother is the best physician1 and the only one needed for her children1 if she has been trained to take proper care of her own health1 as every woman should be4 ,the following recipes and directions may be of great service to young mothers1 and those who have not been accustomed to minister to the sick4 #ccg4 ,to purify the ,chambers of the ,sick4--,close the windows and doors of the room to be purified1 except one door2 close also the chimney aperture1 except two or three inches at the bottom1 and remove all the iron and brass furniture2 then put three table-spoonsful of common salt into a dish or pan1 place it upon the floor of the apartment1 and pour at once upon the salt a quarter of a pint of oil of vitriol2 retire1 and close the room for forty-eight hours1 during which time vapor will continue to rise and diffuse itself completely through the room1 so as to destroy the matter on which infection depends4 ,the room may then be entered1 the doors and windows thrown open1 and a fire made in the grate1 so that the apartment may be perfectly ventilated4 #cch4 ,to prevent ,infection4--,as a preservative1 carry with you and smell occasionally1 a handkerchief sprinkled with this mixture2 half an ounce of spirits of camphor1 half a pint of water1 and five ounces of pyroligneous acid4 ,cascarilla bark is good to smoke1 to prevent the effects of malaria1 and in sick rooms to correct bad effluvia4 ,it yields a fine aromatic odor1 and is very wholesome for sedentary and studious people to smoke1 if mixed with good tobacco4 ,the proportions for either of these purposes are as follow3 one pound of ,turkey tobacco1 four ounces of ,dutch canister tobacco1 and one ounce of ,cascarilla bark1 broken small2 mix the above1 and smoke a pipe of it every evening1 when the house is shut up2 it is also a good digester after meals4 #cci4 ,fumigating ,pastilles4--,pound and mix gum benjamin and frankincense in powder1 of each two drachms2 gum myrrh1 storax1 cascarilla bark1 and nitre1 of each1 powdered1 one ounce and a half2 and charcoal powder1 one ounce3 moisten1 and shape into pastilles with gum-water1 and a very little turpentine4 ,the stalks of dried lavender1 if burnt1 have an agreeable scent1 and form a substitute for pastilles2 they may be cut small1 and burnt in little vessels4 #cdj4 ,to use ,chloride of ,lime4--,this preventive of contagion may be used as follows3 stir one pound of the chloride of lime into four gallons of water2 allow it to settle for a short time1 pour off the clear solution1 and keep it in well-corked bottles4 ,in houses infected1 sprinkle the rooms morning and evening with the above liquid2 and pour some of it into shallow dishes or basins4 ,sprinkle it about the room and bed-linen occasionally1 and admit fresh air4 ,infected linen should be dipped in the mixture about five minutes1 and then in common water1 before it is sent to the wash4 ,a wine-glassful added to the water of a night-chair or bed-pan1 will prevent any smell4 ,to destroy the effluvia from drains1 sewers1 cesspools1 c41 pour into them a quart of the mixture1 with a pail of water4 ,meat sprinkled with1 or dipped in the mixture1 and hung in the air1 will not be attacked by flies1 nor be tainted1 for some time4 ,water in cisterns may be purified1 and its animalcula killed1 by putting about a pint of the mixture to one hundred gallons of water4 ,this mixture will also destroy bugs1 if the joints and crevices of bedsteads be washed with it4 ,it will likewise remove the smell of paint in a day1 if the newly painted room be sprinkled with it1 and if some be placed there in dishes or saucers4 #cda4 ,disinfecting ,liquid4--,in a wine-bottle full of cold water dissolve two ounces of sugar of lead1 and add two ounces of aqua-fortis4 ,shake the mixture well4 ,a very small quantity of the liquid in its strongest form should be used for cleansing all chamber utensils4 ,to remove offensive odors1 dilute the liquid with eight or ten parts of water1 moisten clean cloths thoroughly with it1 and hang them in various parts of the room4 ,the offensive gases are neutralized by chemical action4 ,fumigation is merely substituting one odor for another4 ,in all practicable cases1 fresh air1 and plenty of it1 is far the best disinfectant4 #cdb4 ,to prevent ,abrasions of the ,skin in persons confined to their beds2 a very valuable recipe4--,apply occasionally to the tender parts of the body1 with a feather1 this mixture4 ,beat to a strong froth the white of an egg1 then drop in gradually1 while beating it1 two tea-spoonfuls of spirits of wine4 ,bottle it for use4 #cdc4 ,to prevent ,discolorations of the ,skin after a blow or fall4--,moisten a little dry starch or arrow-root with cold water1 and lay it on the injured part4 ,it should be done immediately1 so as to prevent the action of the air upon the skin2 however1 it may be applied with good effect some hours afterwards4 ,it is a ,french receipt1 and is quite valuable4 #cdd4 ,a recipe for ,neuralgia in the ,face4--,make a lotion with half a pint of rose-water and two tea-spoonfuls of white vinegar4 ,apply it to the part affected1 three or four times a-day1 using a fresh linen cloth each time4 ,in two or three days the pain will pass away4 ,this has been an effectual cure with many1 but as the disease arises from various causes1 there is no specific for it4 #cde4 ,eye ,water for weak eyes4--,infuse in boiling water1 till cold1 half an ounce of poppy heads1 and the same quantity of chamomile flowers4 ,strain this mixture1 and add two table-spoonfuls of vinegar1 and one of brandy4 ,apply it warm1 night and morning4 #cdf4 ,another4--,put into a two-ounce phial fifteen drops of laudanum1 fill it with two-thirds of rose-water1 and one-third of rectified spirits of ,mindererus4 ,use it with a sponge4 #cdg4 ,to cure a ,bruise in the ,eye4--,take conserve of red roses1 or a bruised apple1 put them in a fold of thin cambric1 apply it to the eye1 and it will draw the bruise out4 #cdh4 ,cold or ,inflammation of the ,eyes4--,mix a few bread crumbs with the white of an egg1 put it in a bag of soft muslin1 and apply it to the eye4 ,it will afford relief in a few minutes1 and generally a cure in a day4 ,it is best applied at night1 or when lying down4 ,when removed1 bathe the eye well with warm water1 using a bit of muslin1 not a sponge4 #cdi4 ,carvacrol1 the new remedy for the ,tooth-ache4--,dr4 ,bushman gives 7in the ,medical ,times7 the following account of this new compound1 which1 though well known in ,germany as a quick and effectual cure for one of the most worrying ills that flesh is heir to1 is now for the first time published in ,england4 ,carvacrol is an oily liquid1 with a strong taste and unpleasant odor4 ,it may be made by the action of iodine on oil of caraway or on camphor4 ,a few drops applied on cotton wool 7to a decayed and painful tooth7 give immediate relief4 ,carvacrol much resembles creosote in appearance1 and is used in similar cases of tooth-ache1 but its effect is much more speedy and certain4 #cej4 ,to cure ,tooth-ache4--,a remedy1 often effectual1 is to fill the mouth with warm water1 and immediately after with cold4 #cea4 ,another cure for ,tooth-ache4--,powdered alum will not only relieve the tooth-ache1 but prevent the decay of the tooth4 #ceb4 ,gum-boils4--,a gum-boil is sometimes a primary disease1 depending on an inflammation of the gums from accidental and common causes1 in which case the lancet1 or leaving it to nature1 soon restores the gum to a healthy state2 but it more generally arises from a carious tooth1 in which case extraction is necessary4 ,if there be any constitutional disturbance about the face1 leeches and purgatives1 and the usual means for subduing inflammation may be resorted to4 #cec4 ,diseases of the ,ear4--,sometimes ear-ache is connected with chronic ulceration in the internal and external part of the ear--when injections of warm water and soap are advisable4 ,in this case1 there is sometimes a constant ftid discharge--for which the following mixture has been recommended3--,mix three drachms of ox-gall and one drachm of balsam of ,peru4 ,put a drop on a little cotton in the ear4 #ced4 ,temporary ,deafness4--,if the ear be inflamed1 inject water into it with a syringe1 as warm as the patient can bear it1 and foment the part with the decoction of poppy-heads and chamomile flowers4 ,should this not relieve the pain1 a drop of oil of cloves with a little oil of almonds should be dropped into the ear1 and cotton wool put into it4 ,if the ear discharge much1 inject warm water with ,castile soap into it4 #cee4 ,for a ,pain in the ,ear4--,oil of sweet almonds1 two drachms1 and oil of amber1 four drops4 ,apply four drops of this mixture1 when in pain1 to the part affected4 #cef4 ,another cure for the ,ear-ache4--,dip a little cotton into a mixture of oil of sweet almonds and laudanum1 and put it into the ear2 or1 apply a small poultice1 in which is put a raw chopped clove of garlic2 or1 roast a small onion1 and put as much of the inside into the ear as you conveniently can4 #ceg4 ,to kill ,earwigs1 or other ,insects1 which may accidentally have crept into the ,ear4--,let the person under this distressing circumstance lay his head upon a table1 the side upwards that is afflicted2 at the same time1 let some friend carefully drop into the ear a little sweet oil or oil of almonds4 ,a drop or two will be sufficient1 which will instantly destroy the insect and remove the pain1 however violent4 #ceh4 ,bleeding at the ,nose4--,in obstinate cases1 blow a little gum ,arabic powder up the nostrils through a quill1 which will immediately stop the discharge4 #cei4 ,another cure for ,bleeding at the ,nose4--,elevating the patient's arm will often have the desired effect4 ,the explanation is based upon physiological grounds3 the greater force required to propel the blood through the vessels of the arm1 when elevated1 causes the pressure upon the vessels of the head to be diminished1 by the increased action which takes place in the course of the brachial arteries4 ,if the theory be sound1 both arms should be elevated4 #cfj4 ,to destroy ,corns and ,warts4--,put into an earthen pipkin a quarter of a pint of linseed oil1 to which add one ounce of resin and a little litharge4 ,warm them together2 spread them upon leather1 and apply them to corns or warts4 #cfa4 ,to destroy ,warts4--,dissolve as much common washing soda as the water will take up2 wash the warts with this for a minute or two1 and let them dry without wiping4 ,keep the water in a bottle1 and repeat the washing often4 ,it will remove the largest warts4 ,caustic is an effectual though troublesome application4 ,the juice of the common annual spurge plant is as efficacious a remedy2 as is the bark of the willow tree1 burnt to ashes1 mixed with vinegar1 and applied to the warts4 ,the juice of the marigold is another remedy4 #cfb4 ,a certain cure for ,warts4--,steep in vinegar the inner rind of a lemon for twenty-four hours1 and apply it to the wart4 ,the lemon must not remain on more than three hours1 and should be applied fresh every day4 ,to apply acetic acid with a camel's hair-brush1 is still better4 #cfc4 ,corns on the ,feet4--,these are usually made by wearing shoes over-tight2 but1 walking on pavement in very thin shoes will cause corns and bunions1 because of bruising the feet on the hard stones4 #cfd4 ,to prevent ,corns from growing on the ,feet4--,easy shoes2 frequently bathing the feet in lukewarm water1 with a little salt or potashes dissolved in it4 #cfe4 ,sir ,h4 ,davy's ,corn ,solvent4--,potash1 two parts2 salts of sorrel1 one part2 each in fine powder4 ,mix1 and lay a small quantity on the corn for four or five successive nights1 binding it on with a rag4 #cff4 ,to cure ,corns4--,an effectual remedy4--,the cause of corns1 and likewise the torture they occasion1 is simply friction2 and to lessen the friction1 you have only to use your toe as you do in like circumstances a coach wheel--lubricate it with some oily substance4 ,the best and cleanest thing to use1 is a little sweet oil rubbed on the affected part 7after the corn is carefully pared7 with the tip of the finger1 which should be done on getting up in the morning1 and just before stepping into bed at night4 ,in a few days the pain will diminish1 and in a few days more it will cease1 when the nightly application may be discontinued4 #cfg4 ,another cure for ,corns4--,place the feet for half an hour for two or three nights successively1 in a pretty strong solution of common soda4 ,the alkali dissolves the indurated cuticle1 and the corn falls out spontaneously1 leaving a small excavation1 which soon fills up4 ,this is an almost certain remedy4 #cfh4 ,to cure soft ,corns4--,dip a soft linen rag in turpentine1 and place it over the corn night and morning4 ,in a few days the corn will disappear4 ,a little sweet oil rubbed on them is often of great service4 ,or1 a small piece of cotton placed between the toes is sometimes efficacious2 or1 the juice or pulp of a lemon4 #cfi4 ,to cure ,bunions in their commencement4--,bind the joint tightly1 either with broad tape or adhesive plaster4 ,the strip should be kept on as long as the least uneasiness is felt4 ,it should wrap quite round the foot4 #cgj4 ,lotion for ,chilblains4--,mix distilled vinegar and spirit of mindererus1 of each four ounces1 with half an ounce of borax4 ,in common cases of chilblains1 apply pieces of soft linen1 moistened with spirits of camphor1 soap liniment1 camphor liniment1 c4 ,when the swellings break1 apply emollient ointments for a few days4 ,equal quantities of sweet oil1 lime water1 and spirits of wine1 are also an excellent remedy for chilblains4 #cga4 ,simple remedy for ,chilblains4--,soak them in warm bran and water1 then rub them well with mustard-seed flour2 but it will be better if they are done before they break4 #cgb4 ,another remedy4--,cut an onion in thick slices1 and with these rub the chilblains thoroughly1 on two or three nights1 before a good fire1 and they will soon disappear4 #cgc4 ,sir ,a4 ,cooper's ,chilblain ,liniment4--,one ounce of camphorated spirit of wine1 half an ounce of liquid subacetate of lead2 mix1 and apply in the usual way three or four times a day4 ,some persons use vinegar as a preventive2 its efficacy might be increased1 by the addition to the vinegar of one-fourth of its quantity of camphorated spirit4 #cgd4 ,note4--,those who are most liable to chilblains1 should1 on the approach of winter1 cover the parts most subject to be affected1 with woollen gloves or stockings1 and not expose the hands or feet too much to wet and cold4 #cge4 ,to stop violent ,bleeding from a ,cut4--,make a paste1 by mixing fine flour with vinegar1 and lay it on the cut4 #cgf4 ,an excellent ,styptic4--,the outside woof of silk-worms has been tried with great success by several people1 more especially by a lady1 who1 in mending a pen1 cut her thumb to the bone1 and through part of the nail2 it bled profusely2 but1 by trying this styptic1 and binding up the wound1 the hemorrhage stopped1 and the wound healed in three days4 #cgg4 ,a new and useful ,styptic4--,take brandy1 or common spirit1 two ounces2 ,castile soap1 two drachms2 potash1 one drachm2 scrape the soap fine1 and dissolve it in the brandy2 then add the potash1 and mix it well together1 and keep it close stopped from the air in a phial4 ,when you apply it1 warm it in a vessel1 or dip pledges of lint into it1 and the blood will immediately congeal4 ,it operates by coagulating the blood1 both a considerable way within the vessels1 as well as the extravasated blood without1 and restraining1 at the same time1 the mouths of the vessels4 ,it forms a valuable embrocation1 in cases of tumors or swellings from bruises1 by being frequently rubbed on the part4 ,it is also used in a similar manner for rheumatic pains4 #cgh4 ,to prevent ,wounds from mortifying4--,sprinkle sugar on them4 ,the ,turks wash fresh wounds with wine1 and sprinkle sugar on them4 ,obstinate ulcers may be cured with sugar dissolved in a strong decoction of walnut leaves4 #cgi4 ,to cure ,ring-worms4--,dissolve borax in water1 and apply it at first1 it will produce a burning sensation and redness2 it should then be discontinued for a few days1 and being resumed1 the ring-worm will soon disappear4 ,to sponge the head daily with vinegar and water1 in the proportion of half a pint of vinegar to a pint and a half of water1 will prevent or cure ring-worms4 #chj4 ,another cure for ,ring-worms4--,to one part of sulphuric acid1 add about twenty parts of water4 ,use a brush or feather1 and apply it to the part1 night and morning4 ,a very few dressings will generally cure4 ,if the solution is too strong1 dilute it with more water2 and if the irritation is excessive1 rub a little oil or other softening applicant2 but avoid soap4 ,while the patches are in an inflamed and irritable condition1 it is necessary to limit the local applications to regular washing or sponging with warm water1 or some softening fomentation4 #cha4 ,cure for ,erysipelas4--,a simple poultice made of cranberries1 pounded fine1 and applied in a raw state1 has proved a certain remedy4 #chb4 ,remedy for fainting4--,first place the patient in the horizontal posture1 throw cold water over the face1 and bathe the hands with vinegar and water2 loosen the dress1 and admit a free current of fresh1 cool air4 ,pungent salts1 ether1 or eau de ,cologne1 should be held occasionally to the nose1 and the temples should be rubbed with either of the two latter4 ,when the patient has partly recovered1 a small quantity of wine1 cold water1 or ten or twenty drops of sal-volatile or ether1 in water1 should be given4 #chc4 ,remedy for ,fits4--,if a person fall in a fit1 let him remain on the ground1 provided his face be pale2 for should it be fainting or temporary suspension of the heart's action1 you may cause death by raising him upright1 or by bleeding2 but if the face be red or dark-colored1 raise him on his seat1 throw cold water on his head immediately2 cold water is the best restorative4 #chd4 ,german method of preventing ,hysterics4--,caraway seeds1 finely pounded1 with a small proportion of ginger and salt1 spread upon bread and butter1 and eaten every day1 especially early in the morning1 and at night1 before going to bed1 are successfully used in ,germany1 as a domestic remedy against hysterics4 #che4 ,stomachic ,mixture4--,camphor julep1 one ounce2 sweet spirit of nitre1 half an ounce2 compound tincture of cardamoms1 spirit of anise-seed1 of each five drachms2 oil of caraway1 twelve drops2 syrup of ginger1 two drachms2 peppermint-water1 two drachms4 ,mix4 ,a table-spoonful occasionally in flatulency and dyspepsia4 #chf4 ,red lavender drops for ,nervous ,attacks4--,fill a quart bottle with the blossoms of lavender1 and pour on it as much brandy as it will contain2 let it stand ten days1 then strain it1 and add of nutmeg bruised1 cloves1 mace1 and cochineal1 a quarter of an ounce each1 and bottle it for use4 ,in nervous cases1 a little may be taken dropped on a bit of sugar2 and in the beginning of a bowel complaint1 a tea-spoonful1 taken in half a glass of peppermint water1 will often prove efficacious4 #chg4 ,eggs in ,jaundice4--,the yolk of an egg1 either eaten raw1 or slightly boiled1 is perhaps the most salutary of all the animal substances4 ,it is a natural soap1 and1 in all jaundice cases no food is equal to it4 ,when the gall is either too weak1 or1 by accidental means1 is not permitted to flow in sufficient quantity into the duodenum1 our food1 which consists of watery and oily parts1 cannot unite so as to become chyle4 ,such is the nature of the yolk of an egg1 that it is capable of uniting water and oil into an uniform substance1 thereby making up for the deficiency of natural bile4--,dr4 ,a4 ,hunter4 #chh4 ,aperient for ,children4--,gingerbread made with oatmeal instead of flour1 is a very useful aperient for children4 #chi4 ,cramp4--,cramp in the calves of the legs is a very disagreeable complaint1 to which those who have their legs confined in tight boots are subject in travelling4 ,an effectual preventative of this pain1 is to stretch out the heel of the leg as far as possible1 at the same time drawing up the toes towards the body4 ,a garter applied tightly round the limb affected will1 in most cases1 speedily remove this complaint4 ,when it is more obstinate1 a brick should be heated1 wrapped in a flannel bag1 and placed at the foot of the bed1 against which the person troubled may place his feet4 ,no remedy1 however1 is equal to that of diligent and long-continued friction4 ,cramp is apt to attack the calves of the legs and toes soon after retiring to rest4 ,get out of bed1 and exercise the muscles vigorously4 #cij4 ,for ,spasms4--,mix four table-spoonsful of camphor julep and twenty drops of sal-volatile1 for a dose1 to be repeated twice or thrice a day4 #cia4 ,to apply ,leeches4--,make the part clean and dry1 and dry the leeches in a clean cloth2 if this fail1 scratch the surface of the skin with a point of a lancet1 and apply the leech on the spot1 moistened with the blood4 ,to apply a number of leeches1 put them into a very small wine-glass1 which hold over them till they are fixed4 ,if the skin be much inflamed and heated1 pour a little tepid water into the water containing the leeches1 before they are taken out to be applied4 ,if sulphur be taken internally1 or applied externally1 leeches will not bite2 neither will they bite if the skin be covered with perspiration2 or if there be tobacco smoke or vinegar-vapor in the room4 ,all that is requisite to stop the bleeding1 after the leech is taken away1 is constant pressure on the spot2 a piece of sponge or cotton1 the size of a pin's head1 is to be put upon the aperture1 and kept there by cross slips of adhesive plaster spread upon linen1 or the surgeon's strapping3 if greater pressure be necessary1 some linen may be placed between the stopper and the plaster4 #cib4 ,a useful embrocation for ,rheumatism1 ,lumbago1 or ,strains4--,half an ounce of strongest camphorated spirit1 one ounce spirits of turpentine1 one raw egg1 half pint best vinegar4 ,well mix the whole1 and keep it closely corked4 ,to be rubbed in three or four times a day4 ,for rheumatism in the head1 or face-ache1 rub all over the back of the head and neck1 as well as the part which is the immediate seat of pain4 #cic4 ,for ,gout and ,rheumatism4--,mix in one pound of honey one ounce of flour of sulphur1 half an ounce of cream of tartar1 two drachms of ginger1 in powder1 and half a nutmeg1 grated3 for rheumatism1 add half a drachm of gum-guaiacum1 powdered4 ,the full dose is two tea-spoonsful at bed-time and early in the morning1 in a tumbler of hot water4 ,this is the ,chelsea ,pensioners' recipe4 #cid4 ,influenza4--,influenza is an ,italian word1 and means what we express in ,english by almost the same word1 influence4 ,the word as applied to this disease1 originated from the belief held by our ancestors1 of the influence of the stars upon human affairs4 ,when a complaint suddenly appeared1 and affected great numbers without an obvious cause1 the visitation was ascribed to the stars4 ,whatever might have been the origin of the name1 it is an appropriate one1 for the ,influenza certainly springs from some pervading influence4 ,it may1 for anything we can prove to the contrary1 be occasioned by some subtle poison diffused throughout the atmosphere1 which medical men call a miasm4 ,bad air1 rising from marshy ground1 occasions ague2 and bad air arising from drains in towns1 from cess-pools1 and other collections of filth1 gives rise to the worst kinds of fever4 ,and it is not a matter of chance3 the ague will continue in marshy countries till these are drained2 and in the dirty quarters of a large town1 there is sure to be typhus fever4 ,if we cannot1 in these cases1 see1 taste1 or touch the bad air1 or even smell it1 we know that fens poison the air with a matter that causes ague1 and animal refuse with what causes fever and many other diseases4 ,but1 the existence of a peculiar poison in the air in influenza1 is very doubtful4 ,it is likely1 however1 and generally believed by medical men1 that influenza arises from certain states or changes in the air connected with heat and moisture4 ,now1 though it appears in hot weather and cold1 in dry and wet1 it may still depend on certain conditions of the weather1 just as a person will sometimes take a cough in a warm moist day1 and again in a dry east wind2 and just1 in fact1 as we see a fog1 which depends on atmospheric changes1 produced under different circumstances4 ,the brisk air of the country often gives town-people a head-cold1 and country people sometimes suffer in the same way when they visit town4 ,during every season1 certain people have head-colds1 coughs1 and feverish colds4 ,these are produced by certain states of climate acting on certain states of constitution4 ,at particular seasons such complaints abound--at others they abound still more2 and again1 from some singularity1 they prevail so much1 that people say1 there is an ,influenza4 ,in simple cases1 confinement to a pure and temperate air1 warm drinks1 and a warm bath1 or at least a warm foot-bath1 with an extra blanket1 and a little more rest than usual1 keeping to mild food and toast and water1 and taking1 if necessary1 a dose of aperient medicines--is all that is required4 ,in serious cases1 the domestic treatment must become professional4 ,mustard plasters to the back1 relieve the head-ache4 ,squills1 and other medicines1 loosen the outstanding cough4 ,bark and wine1 and even cold baths1 are sometimes requisite for the weakness left behind4 ,but these things can only be used with discrimination by a regular professional man4 #cie4 ,for the ,breath4--,persons who suffer from difficulty of breathing and oppression on the chest1 will find great relief from the following simple contrivance4 ,a tea-kettle is to be kept boiling1 either over a fire or over a common night-lamp or nursing-candlestick4 ,a tin tube is to be fitted on to the spout of the tea-kettle1 of such length and form as to throw the steam in front of the sick person1 who will then breathe in it4 ,this prevents the distressing sensation occasioned by inhaling the cold night air1 which will be felt by persons suffering from asthma or water on the chest1 and which is not obviated either by clothing or fire4 #cif4 ,to relieve ,asthma4--,soak some blotting-paper in a strong solution of saltpetre2 dry it1 take a piece about the size of your hand1 and on going to bed1 light it1 and lay it upon a plate in your bed-room4 ,by doing so1 persons1 however badly afflicted with asthma1 will find that they can sleep almost as well as when in health4 7,many persons have experienced relief from the use of this specific47 #cig4 ,relief for ,asthma--another way4--,mix two ounces of the best honey with one ounce of castor oil1 and take a tea-spoonful1 night and morning4 #cih4 ,gargle for ,sore ,throat4--,on twenty-five or thirty leaves of the common sage1 pour a pint of boiling water2 let the infusion stand half an hour4 ,add vinegar enough to make it moderately acid1 and honey to the taste4 ,use it as a gargle1 several times a day4 ,this combination of the astringent and emollient principle seldom fails to produce the desired effect4 #cii4 ,to prevent ,lamps from being pernicious to ,asthmatic persons1 or others liable to ,complaints of the ,chest4--,let a sponge1 three or four inches in diameter1 be moistened with pure water1 and in that state be suspended by a string or wire1 exactly over the flame of the lamp1 at the distance of a few inches2 this substance will absorb all the smoke emitted during the evening or night2 after which1 it should be rinsed in warm water1 by which means it will be again rendered fit for use4 #djj4 ,the use of ,tar-water in expanding the ,lungs of ,public ,speakers1 c4--,it has been found by the experience of many1 that drinking tar-water very much deterges and opens the lungs1 and thereby gives a very sensibly greater ease in speaking4 ,a quart of tar is to be stirred six minutes in a gallon of water2 but if there be somewhat less tar1 it may do as well1 especially at first1 to try how it sits on the stomach4 ,take about one-fourth of a pint1 at four several times1 at a due distance from meals4 ,begin taking it in the spring for about fourteen days1 and continue it for a greater length of time1 as occasion may require4 #dja4 ,to prevent ,danger from ,wet ,clothes4--,keep if possible in motion1 and take care not to go near a fire or into any very warm place1 so as to occasion a sudden heat1 till some time after you have been able to procure dry clothes4 #djb4 ,cold and ,damp ,feet4--,nothing can be more erroneous than the notion that by pouring spirits into boots and shoes1 when the feet are wet1 will prevent the effects of cold2 on the contrary1 the practice often produces cold1 inflammation1 and obstruction in the bowels4 ,when the spirit reaches the feet1 it immediately evaporates3 the stronger it is1 the more quickly it evaporates1 and the greater is the cold produced4 #djc4 ,for ,whooping ,cough4--,mix two tea-spoonfuls of paregoric elixir1 one table-spoonful of oxymel of squills1 and the same quantity of water and mucilage of gum-arabic4 ,a tea-spoonful may be taken three or four times a-day1 or when the cough is troublesome4 ,treat the whooping cough with the same care as you would any other cough4 ,keep the children warmly clothed1 and dryly lodged1 and in the house1 at all times1 except in warm sunny days1 when air and exercise in moderation1 observing that they do not overheat themselves1 may do good4 ,put their feet in a pan of warm water just before they go to bed1 and be careful to wipe them dry and wrap them in flannel4 ,during the day they must wear woollen stockings and thick-soled shoes4 ,let their drink be toast-water1 tea and raspberry vinegar mixed with water1 two table-spoonfuls to a half-pint1 or less if it be very sharp4 ,red or black currant-jelly dissolved in water makes a pleasant1 cool drink4 ,be sure you give no kind of quack medicines--but an occasional dose of simple opening medicine1 if the bowels are confined2 and a quarter of a grain1 or half a grain of plain ipecacuanha powder in a tea-spoonful of gruel or jelly at bed-time4 ,rub the chest and between the shoulders1 with equal parts of rum and turpentine1 adding a little oil1 if it is too harsh for the skin4 ,the child might suck an ipecacuanha lozenge two or three times a-day4 ,effervescent1 saline draughts are very grateful and beneficial1 where there is not only continual nausea1 but frequent sickness from the spasmodic nature of the cough4 ,if it be attended with pain in the chest or side1 seek advice from a medical man without delay4 #djd4 ,for common ,coughs4--,mix one ounce of oil of almonds1 one drachm of powdered gum arabic1 one ounce of syrup1 and one ounce and a half of water2 take a tea-spoonful or two occasionally4 #dje4 ,winter ,cough4--,mix two ounces of oxymel of stramonium with six ounces of the decoction of ,iceland moss2 take a dessert-spoonful when the cough is troublesome4 #djf4 ,for ,cough and ,hoarseness4--,beat well a newly laid egg1 and stir it into a quarter of a pint of new milk1 warmed1 to which add a table-spoonful of capillaire4 ,a piece of anchovy will almost instantly restore the just tone of voice to any one who has become hoarse by public speaking4 #djg4 ,white ,mixture for ,coughs4--,beat well the yolk of an egg1 mix with it in a mortar half a drachm of powdered spermaceti1 a little loaf sugar and twenty drops of laudanum 7tincture of opium72 add a gill of water1 and mix well3 a table-spoonful of this mixture will relieve an obstinate cough4 ,or1 mix half a pint of almond emulsion1 two drachms of syrup of poppies1 the same of oxymel of squills1 and one drachm of powder of gum tragacanth2 two table-spoonfuls to be taken often4 #djh4 ,colds4--,a daily exposure to the outward air is absolutely necessary to secure us against the injurious influence of our variable climate4 ,for cure of catarrh1 reduce the amount of food1 take exercise1 keep the bowels open1 and bathe the feet in warm water at bed-time4--,henderson4 #dji4 ,for a ,cold in the ,head4--,what is called a head-bath is useful4 ,fill a wash-hand basin with boiling water1 and add an ounce of flour of mustard2 then hold the head1 covered with a cloth to prevent the escape of the steam1 over the basin as long as any steam arises4 #daj4 ,for a troublesome ,cough4--,take of treacle and the best white wine vinegar six table-spoonfuls each2 add forty drops of laudanum2 mix it well1 and put it into a bottle4 ,a tea-spoonful to be taken occasionally when the cough is troublesome4 #daa4 ,for a sudden ,hoarseness4--,mix one tea-spoonful of sweet spirits of nitre in a wine-glassful of water4 ,this may be taken two or three times a day4 #dab4 ,hoarseness4--,a piece of flannel1 dipped in brandy1 and applied to the chest1 and covered with a dry flannel1 is to be worn all night4 ,four or six small onions1 boiled1 and put on buttered toast1 and eaten for supper1 are likewise good for colds on the chest4 #dac4--;,children's ,coughs4--,a few tea-spoonfuls of warm treacle taken occasionally1 and particularly at bed-time1 or when the cough is troublesome1 will be found beneficial1 especially for infants and children4 #dad4 ,for a hacking ,cough4--,dissolve an ounce of mutton suet in a pint of milk1 and drink it warm4 #dae4 ,for a ,cough4--,mix vinegar and treacle in equal quantities1 and let a tea-spoonful be taken occasionally1 when the cough is troublesome4 ,this is the recipe of ,dr4 ,james1 of ,carlisle4 #daf4 ,quinsy1 or ,ulcerated ,sore ,throat4--,bake or roast three or four large onions or six smaller ones1 till soft4 ,peel them quickly1 and beat them flat with a rolling-pin or glass bottle4 ,then put them immediately in a thin muslin bag that will reach from ear to ear1 and about three inches deep4 ,apply it speedily1 and as warm as possible1 to the throat4 ,keep it on day and night1 changing it when the strength of the onions appears to be exhausted1 and substituting fresh ones4 ,flannel must be worn round the neck after the poultice is removed4 #dag4 ,saline ,draught4--,dissolve one scruple of carbonate of potassa1 7salt of tartar71 in a table-spoonful of lemon-juice1 and three table-spoonfuls of water2 sweeten with lump sugar1 and drink while it effervesces4 ,this is an excellent remedy for sore throats1 nausea1 c4 #dah4 ,another4--,dissolve one drachm each of nitric acid and carbonate of potassa in three-quarters of a pint of water2 add one ounce each of syrup of orange-peel and spirit of nutmeg1 and mix4 ,two table-spoonfuls to be taken in fevers and inflammatory sore throats4 #dai4 ,to make ,gargles4--,for relaxed sore throat1 mix five ounces of ,cayenne pepper gargle1 two ounces of infusion of roses1 and one ounce of syrup of roses4 ,or1 mix with the ,cayenne pepper gargle1 three ounces of vinegar1 three drachms of tincture of myrrh1 and four drachms of honey of roses4 ,for inflammatory sore throats1 mix six ounces of infusion of roses1 one ounce of tincture of myrrh1 and one ounce of honey of roses4 ,or1 mix one drachm and a half of saltpetre1 two ounces of honey1 and six ounces of rose-water4 ,for scorbutic gums1 mix six ounces of infusion of roses1 one ounce of borax1 and one ounce of honey of roses4 ,to make the ,cayenne pepper gargle1 pour six ounces of boiling water upon one scruple of ,cayenne pepper2 cover it1 and let it stand for three hours4 #dbj4 ,to cure ,hiccough4--,this is caused by flatulency1 indigestion1 and acidity4 ,it may be relieved generally by a sudden fright or surprise1 or any sudden application of cold2 also by drinking cold water slowly2 eating a small piece of ice1 taking a pinch of snuff1 or anything that excites coughing4 ,or1 take one tea-spoonful of common vinegar4 #dba4 ,a simple cure for ,dysentery--which has never failed4--,take some butter off the churn1 immediately after being churned1 just as it is1 without being salted or washed2 clarify it over the fire like honey4 ,skim off all the milky particles when melted over a clear fire4 ,let the patient 7if an adult7 take two table-spoonfuls of the clarified remainder1 twice or thrice within the day4 ,this has never failed to effect a cure1 and in many cases it has been almost instantaneous4 #dbb4 ,for ,diarrha4--,fill a tea-cup with dry flour1 press it down1 and cover it with a buttered cloth1 tying it very closely2 boil it three hours1 when turn it out to cool into a hard mass4 ,grate a tea or a dessert-spoonful of it into peppermint water for children1 or into a glass of port wine for adults4 #dbc4 ,chalk ,mixture4--,mix half an ounce of prepared chalk1 the same of lump sugar1 and one ounce of powdered gum ,arabic1 with a pint of water4 ,this is an excellent remedy for diarrha4 #dbd4 ,fig ,paste for ,constipation4--,cut up small one pound of figs1 and mix it with two ounces of senna carefully picked over1 and one tea-cupful of molasses2 stew it till it becomes thoroughly mixed and firm2 then cool it4 ,a piece about half as large as a fig will generally be sufficient4 #dbe4 ,laxatives4--,infusions of ,epsom salts and senna are often taken as laxatives1 or opening medicines4 ,it is a well-known fact1 that a tea-spoonful of salts in a tumbler of cold water1 if drunk before breakfast1 is as effectual a dose as the usual ounce4 ,senna1 too1 if steeped in cold water1 is equally efficacious1 and free from the nauseous bitter taste which it has when infused in boiling water4 #dbf4 ,to cure ,boils4--,boil in half a pint of milk one table-spoonful of shot2 pour it off1 and drink it in small doses4 #dbg4 ,to cure a ,felon4--,a felon generally appears on the end of the fingers or thumbs2 it is extremely painful for weeks1 and sometimes for months1 and1 in most cases1 cripples or disfigures the finger or thumb that falls a victim to it4 ,but it can easily be cured1 if attended to in time4 ,as soon as the pain is felt1 take the thin white skin of an egg1 which is found inside next to the shell2 put it round the end of the finger or thumb affected1 and keep it there until the pain subsides4 ,as soon as the skin becomes dry1 it will be very painful1 and likely continue so for half an hour or more2 but be not alarmed4 ,if it grows painful1 bear it2 it will be of short duration in comparison to what the disease would be4 ,a cure will be certain4 ,,burns ,,and ,,scalds4 #dbh4 ,we mention several remedies which have obtained popular reputation in these accidents1 and which are valuable not only as giving more or less relief1 but as being generally at hand1 or to be readily procured in every dwelling4 ,they are1 wheat flour1 which may be thickly sprinkled over the injured parts with a common kitchen dredger1 till a perfect crust is formed--an excellent application4 ,finely-scraped chalk or magnesia1 applied in the same way4 ,these act both by excluding the atmospheric air1 and absorbing the fluid secreted by the vessels of the inflamed surface4 ,another application reported to be very efficacious in allaying the pain1 is a piece of lint wetted with a saturated solution of carbonate of soda4 ,a poultice of grated raw turnip or potato1 applied cold1 is quickly productive of ease in slight burns1 but requires renewing often enough to keep up the sensation of coldness4 #dbi4 ,burns4--,apply to1 or wrap round the burnt part1 some folds of cotton bought in sheets2 however severe the pain may be1 it will abate in a few hours4 ,should blisters arise1 they may next day be carefully pricked with a needle1 so as to break the skin as little as possible2 and the cotton kept on till the cure is effected4 #dcj4 ,a remedy for a ,burn or ,scald4--,apply immediately a thick covering of wool to the burnt part1 and bind it on tight2 in the course of half an hour very little pain will be felt1 and scarcely any blister will remain4 ,as this remedy is so simple1 no housekeeper should be without loose wool at hand1 in case of an accident4 ,this remedy was discovered by the child of a woolcomber having been dreadfully scalded3 its mother laid it in a basket of newly carded wool1 whilst she ran for a doctor2 when she returned1 she found the child fast asleep amongst the wool1 and when it awoke the excessive pain had subsided4 ,we have frequently tried it1 and invariably with success4 #dca4 ,for ,burns and ,scalds4--,plunge the injured part into cold spring or ice water2 or1 lay on it pounded ice wrapped in linen4 ,or1 dissolve four ounces of alum in a quart of hot water2 dip a cloth into it1 and lay it on the part4 ,as soon as it becomes hot and dry1 repeat the application4 ,apply to a burn1 bruise1 or cut1 the moist surface of the inside coating of the shell of a raw egg2 it will adhere of itself1 and heal without pain4 #dcb4 ,efficacy of ,vinegar in curing ,burns and ,scalds4--,vinegar is a great antiseptic and corrector of putrescence and mortification4 ,the progressive tendency of burns of the unfavorable kind1 or those that are ill-treated1 is to putrescence and mortification4 ,when the outward skin is not broken1 it may be freely used every hour or two2 where the skin is broken1 and if it gives pain1 it must be gently used4 ,but1 equal parts of tepid vinegar and water applied every three or four hours1 is the best rule to be directed by4 #dcc4 ,vitriol ,accidents4--,for a burn by vitriol1 or any similar cause1 lay on1 with a feather1 the white of eggs mixed with powdered chalk1 and immediate relief will follow4 ,or1 immediately after the accident1 plunge the scalded limb in spirit of turpentine1 and keep it there a few minutes4 ,or1 dissolve in water or fresh soap-boilers' lees1 a little soda or potash1 and apply it instantly1 and it will prevent all injury to the person or clothing4 ,,fevers4 #dcd4 ,feverish symptoms in young children may be reduced1 and often entirely cured by sponging in tepid or cold water1 according to the age and condition of the patient4 ,rest1 in a clean bed1 after sponging1 is necessary4 ,should the fever continue1 a gentle emetic may be given4 ,cold water is the best beverage in fevers1 but if very thirsty1 give the child a little warm tea4 #dce4 ,dr4 ,dickson's cure for a ,fever4--,when a man is hot1 and his skin dry all over1 no matter what the cause be1 you may bring his condition to the state of health by throwing cold water over him4 ,you may do the same by an emetic4 ,oh6 an emetic has a wonderful power in fever2 and the old physicians treated all fevers in the first instance by emetics4 ,they did not trouble themselves much about the cause4 ,the state of the patient was what they cared most about4 ,when he was cold1 they warmed him1 sometimes with one thing1 sometimes with another4 ,when hot1 they cooled him2 not in the ,sangrado fashion of these days1 by draining him of his life's blood2 but by the employment of an emetic1 or by sponging him over with cold water6 #dcf4 ,easy and almost instantaneous cure for the ,fever and ,ague4--,an hour or two before the fit comes on1 take a new-laid egg1 in a glass of vinegar or brandy1 and go to bed immediately4 ,this very simple recipe has cured a great many1 after more celebrated preparations have proved unsuccessful4 #dcg4 ,cure for ,yellow ,fever4--,the ,new ,orleans ,tropic gives the following recipe1 which is said to be used with great success in ,mexico1 in cases of yellow fever3 ,a tumbler two-thirds full of olive oil1 well mixed with the juice of two limes1 and a tea-spoonful of fine table salt1 is the common remedy in that country2 that he has seen it used in hundreds of cases1 many of them the most desperate he ever saw1 and that he never knew it fail to produce a cure in a solitary instance6 ,it sometimes causes the patient to vomit2 in such cases it should be repeated until the stomach will retain it4 #dch4 ,treatment of ,scarlet ,fever--important prescription4--,dr4 ,lindsly1 of ,washington1 strongly recommends the mode of treatment of scarlet fever1 resorted to by ,dr4 ,schneemann1 physician to the ,king of ,hanover4 ,it is as follows1 and exceedingly simple3 ,treatment of ,scarlet ,fever by inunction4--,from the first day of the illness1 and as soon as we are certain of its nature1 the patient must be rubbed morning and evening over the whole body with a piece of bacon1 in such a manner that1 with the exception of the head1 a covering of fat is everywhere applied4 ,in order to make this rubbing-in somewhat easier1 it is best to take a piece of bacon the size of the hand1 choosing a part still armed with the rind1 that we may have a firm grasp4 ,on the soft side of this piece slits are to be made1 in order to allow the oozing out of the fat4 ,the rubbing must be thoroughly performed1 and not too quickly1 in order that the skin may be regularly saturated with the fat4 ,the beneficial results of the application are soon obvious2 with a rapidity bordering on magic1 all1 even the most painful symptoms of the disease are allayed2 quiet1 sleep1 good humor1 appetite1 return2 and there remains only the impatience to quit the sick room4 #dci4 ,inflammatory ,fevers4--,in diseases termed inflammatory1 what measure so ready or so efficacious as to dash a pitcher or two of cold water over the patient--,cold ,affusion1 as it is called8 ,whilst serving in the army1 ,i cured hundreds of inflammatory fevers in this manner--fevers1 that1 in the higher ranks of society1 under the bleeding and starving systems--would have kept an apothecary and physician--to say nothing of nurses and cuppers--visiting the patient twice or thrice a day for a month1 if he happened to live so long4 ,gentlemen1 with the cold dash you may easily1 ,while others meanly take whole months to slay1 ,produce a cure in half a summer's day4--,,dr4 ,,dickson4 #ddj4 ,beverage for ,fevers4--,boil two drachms of powdered alum in a pint of milk1 and strain4 ,the draught is a wine-glassful4 #dda4 ,mustard ,poultices4--,make a bag of the size required of fine1 close muslin2 mix equal quantities of mustard and flour1 7or a larger proportion of mustard1 should the case require it71 with boiling water1 until of a proper consistency4 ,fill the bag with it2 sew it up1 and1 covering it with a handkerchief or piece of clean1 soft linen1 apply it to the part affected4 ,when it has been on long enough1 take it off1 and lay on another piece of soft linen4 #ddb4 ,bread ,poultice4--,mr4 ,abernethy directs a bread and water poultice to be made as follows3--,put half a pint of hot water into a pint basin2 add to this as much of the crumb of bread as the water will cover1 then place a plate over the basin1 and let it remain about ten minutes2 stir the bread about in the water1 or1 if necessary1 chop it a little with the edge of a knife1 and drain off the water1 by holding the knife on the top of the basin1 but do not press the bread as is usually done2 then take it out lightly1 spread it about one-third of an inch thick on some soft linen1 and lay it upon the part4 ,if it be a wound1 you may place a bit of lint dipped in oil beneath the poultice4 ,there is nothing better than the bread poultice for broken surfaces4 #ddc4 ,linseed ,poultice4--,is made by simply mixing linseed meal into a paste with hot water4 #ddd4 ,management of ,blisters4--,spread the plaster thinly on paper or linen1 and rub over it a few drops of olive oil4 ,in this way the blister acts speedily1 and with less irritation than usual4 #dde4 ,simple ,ointment4--,this is made by melting in a pipkin1 by the side of the fire1 without boiling1 one part of yellow or white wax1 and two parts of hog's lard or olive oil4 #ddf4 ,spermaceti ,ointment4--,this consists of a quarter of an ounce of white wax1 three-quarters of an ounce of spermaceti1 and three ounces of olive oil1 melted as before4 ,this is the common dressing for a blister4 #ddg4 ,elder-flower ,ointment4--,this is the mildest1 blandest1 and most cooling ointment which can be used2 and it is very suitable for anointing the face or neck when sun-burnt4 ,it is made of fresh elder-flowers1 stripped from the stalks1 two pounds of which are simmered in an equal quantity of hog's-lard till they become crisp2 after which1 the ointment1 whilst fluid1 is strained through a coarse sieve4 #ddh4 ,calamine ,ointment1 or ,turner's ,cerate4--,this consists of half a pound of yellow wax and a pint of olive oil1 which are to be melted together2 this being done1 half a pound of calamine powder is to be sifted in1 and stirred till the whole be completely mixed4 #ddi4 ,sulphur ,ointment4--,this is made by rubbing well together three ounces of flowers of sulphur and half a pound of hog's lard4 ,this ointment1 if properly applied1 is a certain cure for that nastiest of all nasty1 and most easily-caught disease1 the itch1 which1 although generally found among poor people1 occasionally steals into the houses of the wealthy4 ,the proper mode of managing it is1 for the infected to rub himself well all over with the ointment1 night and morning1 for three days1 during which time he must wear1 without change1 some old body-linen1 stockings1 and gloves1 and lie in a pair of old sheets or blankets4 ,washing in the least degree is to be carefully avoided as the plague1 for it will protract the cure4 ,on the fourth day let him go into a warm bath1 wash himself clean1 and he will then be found quite well4 ,everything which had been worn during the cure should be burnt1 sheets and all2 but the blankets may be scoured4 ,,plasters1 ,,blisters1 ,,ointments1 c4 #dej4 ,the beneficial influence obtained from all such local applications depends upon the change of temperature they are capable of producing4 ,their results will vary with constitutions4 ,most patients1 who suffer from chronic disease1 point to a particular spot as the locality where they are most incommoded with cold chills4 ,this is the point for the application of the galbanum or other warm plaster4 ,a plaster of this kind to the loins has enabled me to cure a host of diseases that had previously resisted every other mode of treatment4 ,the same application to the chest1 when the patient complained of chilliness in that particular part1 has materially aided me in the treatment of many cases of phthisis4 ,in both instances1 where heat was the more general complaint1 cold sponging has been allowed by an equally beneficial effect4 ,the ingredients of plasters1 blisters1 ointments1 lotions1 c41 what are they but combinations of the agents with which we combat fever8 ,their beneficial influence depends upon the change of motion and temperature which they produce by their electrical or chemical action on the nerves of the part to which they are directed4 ,cantharides will not blister the dead--they have very little effect even on a dying man6--,dr4 ,dickson's ,lectures4 #dea4 ,liquid ,opodeldoc4--,dissolve one ounce of camphor in a little spirits of wine1 and two ounces of soft soap in a little water2 put these into a bottle1 add half a drachm of oil of rosemary and the same of oil of thyme2 shake them well together2 add three-quarters of a pint of spirits of wine1 and a quarter of a pint of water2 set it in a warm place1 and shake it occasionally1 for a few days4 ,this is an excellent remedy for bruises1 sprains1 chilblains1 c4 #deb4 ,extract of ,arnica1 for ,bruises1 ,sprains1 ,burns1 c4--,take one ounce of arnica flowers1 dried2 that prepared by the ,shakers is considered the best2 and put them in a wide-mouthed bottle2 pour just enough scalding water over them to moisten them1 and afterwards about a pint or a pint and a half of spirits of wine4 ,in case of a burn or bruise1 c41 wet a cloth in the arnica and lay it on the part affected4 ,renew the application occasionally1 and the pain will soon be removed4 #dec4 ,for a ,sprain4--,mix equal parts of spirit of camphor1 distilled vinegar1 and turpentine1 and rub the part affected4 ,cold water applications are excellent for sprains2 as1 to bathe the part in cold water1 to pour cold water upon it1 or to put bandages wet in cold water around it4 ,extract of arnica1 applied to a sprain1 will remove the pain in a short time4 #ded4 ,contusions or ,bruises4--,in slight bruises1 and those not likely to be followed by much inflammation1 nothing more is usually necessary than to bathe the part in cold water1 or with spirit1 as eau de ,cologne1 brandy1 c41 mixed with an equal proportion of vinegar and water4 ,in more severe cases1 however1 and where the accident is near an important part1 as the eye1 or any of the joints1 it becomes a desirable object to prevent the approach of inflammation4 ,this is to be attempted by the application of leeches1 repeating them according to circumstances2 purgatives and a low diet may become necessary4 ,in the last stage of a bruise1 where there is merely a want of tone in the parts1 and swellings from the effused blood1 c41 friction should be employed1 either simply1 or with any common liniment1 as opodeldoc4 ,wearing a bandage1 pumping cold water on the part1 succeeded by warm friction1 also a saturated solution of common salt in water1 have each been found beneficial4 ,the roots of bryony and ,solomon's seal1 bruised and applied as a poultice1 are efficacious in hastening the disappearance of the lividity of bruises4 #dee4 ,lime ,water4--,pour three quarts of water upon eight pounds of unslaked lime2 let stand half an hour1 when add three gallons of water1 and pour it off4 ,it is useful in cases of derangement of the digestive organs4 #def4 ,walnut ,water4--,this is recommended as a remedy in subduing nausea and vomiting1 if administered in doses of a wine-glassful every half-hour4 ,it is distilled from green walnuts1 angelica-seeds1 and brandy4 #deg4 ,uses of ,borax4--,powdered borax1 mixed with honey1 or conserve of roses1 is an excellent remedy for inside sores of the mouths of children4 ,if a little of the mixture be dissolved in warm water1 it will form1 when cold1 an efficacious gargle for an ulcerated sore throat4 ,if a weak solution of borax in rose-water be constantly applied1 by means of a fine linen cloth1 over the redness which often affects the noses of delicate persons1 it will relieve the sense of heat1 and remove the redness4 ,many other spots on the face may be similarly removed4 ,it is likewise a very useful application to chilblains4 #deh4 ,the virtues of ,sage4--,this valuable herb was held in such high esteem among the ancients1 that they have left us a ,latin verse1 which signifies-- ,why should a man die whilst he has sage in his garden8 ,it is reckoned admirable as a cordial1 and to sweeten and cleanse the blood4 ,it is good in nervous cases1 and is given in fevers1 with a view to promote perspiration4 ,with the addition of a little lemon-juice1 it is very grateful and cooling4 #dei4 ,sage ,tea4--,wood sage1 which grows naturally1 is the finest kind2 with a little alum it makes an excellent gargle for a sore throat4 ,it may be made as tea1 but is better if boiled4 #dfj4 ,senna ,tea4--,macerate for an hour1 in a covered vessel1 one ounce and a half of senna1 a drachm of ginger1 sliced1 and a pint of boiling water2 the dose is from one-half to a wine-glassful4 ,or1 mix two drachms of senna1 with a little ,bohea tea1 in a quarter of a pint of boiling water1 and add1 when poured off clear1 a little sugar and milk4 #dfa4 ,chamomile ,tea4--,take of chamomile flowers one ounce1 boiling water1 one quart2 simmer for ten minutes1 and strain4 ,chamomile tea is well known as an emetic1 when taken in a tepid state4 ,in some parts of ,england1 a strong infusion of chamomile is frequently taken at bed-time1 as hot as it can be swallowed1 when it produces perspiration1 and next morning acts as a purgative4 ,it is also there considered as one of the best remedies for indigestion1 colic1 pains and obstructions of the bowels1 especially when arising from cold4 ,a cup of coffee taken hot on an empty stomach1 will frequently be as efficacious as the chamomile1 in either of the above cases4 ,a small cupful of the tea1 cold1 taken in the morning1 fasting1 is often serviceable for indigestion4 ,chamomiles are also employed in fomentations1 their greatest use being to retain the heat of the application4 #dfb4 ,linseed ,tea4--,pour two quarts of boiling water upon one ounce of linseed1 and two drachms of liquorice-root1 sliced2 let it stand six hours4 #dfc4 ,mint ,tea4--,mint1 to be used as tea1 should be cut when just beginning to flower1 and should be dried in the shade4 ,the young leaves are eaten in salads1 and some eat them as the leaves of sage1 with bread and butter4 #dfd4 ,nitre is a cheap and valuable medicine1 both cooling and purifying to the blood4 ,in the feverishness that attends a cold1 from seven to ten grains of purified nitre1 in a glass of water1 may be taken two or three times a day1 with safety and advantage4 ,for old wounds1 such as are commonly called a bad leg1 great benefit will be derived from taking a solution of nitre1 prepared thus3--,in one pint of boiling water1 dissolve two ounces of saltpetre2 of which take a table-spoonful twice a day4 ,if it should occasion pain1 a little hot ginger-tea will soon give relief4 #dfe4 ,to make ,verjuice4--,the acid of the juice of the crab or wilding is called by the country people1 verjuice1 and is much used in recent sprains1 and in other cases1 as an astringent or repellant4 #dff4 ,medicines in ,travelling4--,in case of change of food disagreeing with the stomach1 dissolve a tea-spoonful of ,epsom salts in half a pint of water1 as warm as it can be drunk1 and repeat the dose every half-hour1 until it operates4 ,for diarrha1 or acidity of stomach1 mix one drachm of compound powder of kino1 with half an ounce of compound powder of chalk2 divide into six powders1 and take one or two a day1 in three table-spoonfuls of water1 and a tea-spoonful of brandy4 #dfg4 ,to prevent ,sea-sickness4--,pass a broad belt round the body1 and place within it1 on the region of the stomach1 a pad stuffed with wool or horse-hair2 this1 when tightly braced1 restrains the involuntary motion of the stomach1 occasioned by the lurching of the vessel4 ,during sickness1 very weak cold brandy and water will be found the best means of allaying the heat and irritation4 ,the frequent use of any sea-sickness preventive is1 however1 attended with danger4 #dfh4 ,valuable properties of ,cherry-tree ,gum4--,the gum that exudes from the trunk and branches of the cherry-tree is equal to gum-,arabic4 ,hasselquist relates that1 during a siege1 more than an hundred men were kept alive for two months nearly1 without any other sustenance than a little of this gum taken into the mouth sometimes1 and suffered gradually to dissolve4 #dfi4 ,how to get ,sleep4--,how to get sleep is to many persons a matter of high importance4 ,nervous persons who are troubled with wakefulness and excitability1 usually have a strong tendency of blood on the brain1 with cold extremities4 ,the pressure of the blood on the brain keeps it in a stimulated or wakeful state1 and the pulsations in the head are often painful4 ,let such rise and chafe the body and extremities with a brush or towel1 or rub smartly with the hands to promote circulation and withdraw the excessive amount of blood from the brain1 and you will sleep in a few moments4 ,a cold bath1 or a sponge bath and rubbing1 or a good run1 or a rapid walk in the open air1 or going up or down stairs a few times1 just before retiring1 will aid in equalizing circulation1 and promoting sleep4 ,these rules are simple and easy of application in castle or cabin1 and minister to the comfort of thousands who would freely expend money for an anodyne to promote ,nature's sweet restorer1 balmy sleep4 #dgj4 ,remedy for ,bad ,breath4--,take from five to ten drops of muriatic acid1 in an ale-glassful of barley-water1 and add a little lemon-juice and lemon-peel to flavor2 mix for a draught to be taken three times a day1 for a month or six weeks at least1 and1 if effectual1 it may be continued occasionally4 ,another medicine of this kind1 which has often proved beneficial when the stomach has been wrong1 and the bowels costive1 is the following3 ,take one drachm of sulphate of magnesia1 two drachms of tincture of calumba1 one ounce and a half of infusion of roses2 make a draught1 to be taken every morning1 or every other morning1 an hour before breakfast1 for at least a month4 #dga4 ,corpulence4--,those who are afflicted with corpulence should not allow themselves above six hours' sleep in the twenty-four4 ,they should take as much exercise as possible1 and avoid cream1 malt liquors and soups--at least until they have succeeded in reducing their bulk4 ,salt provisions are good1 having a tendency to promote perspiration1 and carry off fat4 ,soda water is also beneficial4 ,recipe3 ,take ,castile soap1 in the form of pills1 or electuary1 of from one to four drachms dissolved in a quarter of a pint of soft water1 when going to bed4 ,but let not our lovely girls abuse their constitutions by drinking vinegar for this purpose1 for consumption has often been produced by that habit4 #dgb4 ,leanness4--,this is not a disease2 on the contrary1 lean people are generally healthy1 muscular1 strong1 and active1 and remarkable for a keen appetite4 ,but when there appears a diminution of strength--when the spirits sink1 and the food does not freely digest--then leanness is the sign of lurking disease4 ,such patients should take a cup of milk warm from the cow every morning1 or cold milk1 with two raw fresh eggs beaten up with it4 ,a pint of the best porter or stout at dinner1 and the same at supper4 ,tea is better than coffee1 and salad with strong supplies of oil1 not much vinegar1 are recommended4 #dgc4 ,cure for ,stammering4--,impediments in the speech may be cured1 where there is no malformation of the organs of articulation1 by perseverance for three or four months in the simple remedy of reading aloud1 with the teeth closed1 for at least two hours in the course of each day4 ,,poisons ,,and ,,antidotes4 #dgd4 ,acids4--,these cause great heat1 and sensation of burning pain1 from the mouth down to the stomach4 ,remedies1 magnesia1 soda1 pearlash1 or soap1 dissolved in water2 then use stomach-pump or emetics4 #dge4 ,alcohol4--,first cleanse out the stomach by an emetic1 then dash cold water on the head1 and give ammonia 7spirits of hartshorn47 #dgf4 ,alkalies4--,best remedy is vinegar4 #dgg4 ,ammonia4--,remedy1 lemon-juice or vinegar1 afterwards milk and water or flaxseed tea4 #dgh4 ,arsenic4--,remedies1 in the first place evacuate the stomach1 then give the white of eggs1 lime-water1 or chalk and water1 charcoal and the preparations of iron1 particularly hydrate4 #dgi4 ,belladonna1 or ,night ,henbane4--,give emetics1 and then plenty of vinegar and water or lemonade4 #dhj4 ,charcoal4--,in poisons by carbonic gas1 remove the patient to open air1 dash cold water on the head and body1 and stimulate nostrils and lungs by hartshorn1 at the same time rubbing the chest briskly4 #dha4 ,corrosive ,sublimate4--,give white of eggs freshly mixed with water1 or give wheat flour and water1 or soap and water freely4 #dhb4 ,creosote4--,white of eggs and the emetics4 #dhc4 ,laudanum4--,same as opium4 #dhd4 ,lead4 ,white ,lead and ,sugar of ,lead4--,remedies1 alum1 cathartic1 such as castor oil and ,epsom salts1 especially4 #dhe4 ,mushrooms1 when poisonous4--,give emetics1 and then plenty of vinegar and water1 with dose of ether1 if handy4 #dhf4 ,nitrate of ,silver1 7lunar caustic74--,give a strong solution of common salt1 and then emetics4 #dhg4 ,nitrate of ,potash1 or ,saltpetre4--,give emetics1 then copious draughts of flaxseed tea1 milk and water1 and other soothing drinks4 #dhh4 ,opium4--,first give a strong emetic of mustard and water1 then strong coffee and acid drinks1 dash cold water on the head4 #dhi4 ,oxalic ,acid4--,frequently mistaken for ,epsom ,salts4 ,remedies1 chalk1 magnesia1 or soap and water freely1 then emetics4 #dij4 ,prussic ,acid4--,when there is time1 administer chlorine1 in the shape of soda or lime4 ,hot brandy and water4 ,hartshorn and turpentine also useful4 #dia4 ,snake ,bites1 c4--,apply immediately strong hartshorn1 and take it internally2 also1 give sweet oil1 and stimulants freely4 ,apply a ligature tight above the part bitten1 and then apply a cupping-glass4 #dib4 ,tartar ,emetic4--,give large doses of tea made of galls1 ,peruvian bark1 or white oak bark4 #dic4 ,tobacco4--,first an emetic1 then astringent tea1 then stimulants4 #did4 ,verdigris4--,plenty of white of egg and water4 #die4 ,white ,vitriol4--,give the patient plenty of milk and water4 ,in almost all cases of poisoning1 emetics are highly useful1 and of those1 one of the very best1 because most prompt and ready1 is the common mustard flour or powder1 a spoonful of which1 stirred up in warm water1 may be given every five or ten minutes1 until free vomiting can be obtained4 ,emetics and warm demulcent drinks1 such as milk and water1 flaxseed or slippery elm tea1 chalk water1 c41 should be administered without delay4 ,the subsequent management of the case will of course be left to a physician4 #dif4 ,to prevent ,death from the ,bite of ,venomous ,animals4--,from observations made by ,dr4 ,bancroft1 it is found1 that in ,south ,america1 where the most venomous serpents abound1 a very tight ligature1 instantly made after the bite1 between the part bitten and the trunk of the body1 will prevent immediate danger1 and allow time for proper means of remedy1 either by excision of the whole joint1 just above the ligature1 or by topical applications upon the part bitten4 ,for instance1 if the bite should be upon the end of the finger1 a tight ligature of small cord should immediately be made beyond the next joint of the finger4 ,if the bite is on any part of the hand1 the ligature should be made above the wrist1 by means of a garter or cord1 lapped several times round the arm1 and rendered as tight as possible1 by a small stick thrust betwixt the folds of the cord or garter1 and twisted round very hard1 to prevent the circulation of the blood betwixt the part bitten and the other part of the body4 ,ligatures of the same kind1 applied by any one present1 or the man himself1 will frequently save a person's life1 where1 by accident1 an artery in any of the limbs is wounded1 and no surgeon is at hand4 #dig4 ,prevention of ,hydrophobia4--,as there has been hitherto no remedy discovered which can be said to possess a specific control over this dreadful malady1 and therefore little hope can be entertained of a cure for it1 our best endeavors should be directed to the preventive treatment4 ,this is to be commenced1 then1 by completely cutting out the whole wound as soon as possible after the bite of a suspected animal4 ,after this1 bleeding should be encouraged by immersion in warm water1 or the application of a cupping-glass4 ,caustic should next be applied to every part of the wound1 which is then to be covered with a poultice1 and suffered to heal by granulation1 or be kept open1 and made to suppurate1 by irritating ointments4 ,the excision should never be omitted1 even though the bitten part have healed1 and let the interval since its occurrence be what it may4 ,as for any of innumerable so-called specifics1 there is not one that is worth a moment's trial4 #dih4 ,to alleviate the ,pain occasioned by the ,sting of ,gnats4--,the disagreeable itching occasioned by the sting of these insects1 may be removed by volatile alkali1 or immediately rubbing and washing the part affected with cold water4 ,at night1 to rub with fuller's earth and water1 lessens the inflammation4 #dii4 ,simple and effectual cure for those who may accidentally have swallowed a ,wasp4--,instantly1 on the alarming accident taking place1 put a tea-spoonful of common salt in your mouth1 which will instantaneously not only kill the wasp1 but at the same time heal the sting4 #ejj4 ,for the ,sting of a ,wasp or ,bee4--,spread over the part a plaster of salad oil and common salt2 if oil be not at hand1 the salt may be used1 moistened with water or vinegar4 ,or1 keep the part constantly moist with a rag dipped in sal-volatile and cold water1 as strong as can be borne without raising the skin4 ,or1 immediately after taking out the sting1 get an onion and bruise it1 and apply it to the stung place1 and it will afford immediate relief4 ,or1 a washerwoman's blue-bag1 applied in the same manner1 will have a like effect4 #eja4 ,sting of a ,nettle4--,rub the part affected with balm1 rosemary1 mint1 or any other aromatic herb1 and the smart will soon cease4 ,,baths ,,and ,,bathing4 #ejb4 ,the best materials for constructing baths1 are slabs of polished marble1 bedded with water-tight cement1 in a wooden case1 and carefully united at the edges4 ,but1 as white or veined marble baths are apt to get yellow or discolored by frequent use1 and cannot easily be cleaned1 large ,dutch tiles1 or square pieces of white earthenware1 are sometimes substituted2 these1 however1 are with difficulty kept water-tight1 so that marble is altogether preferable4 ,copper1 or tinned iron plates1 are also used2 the former is more expensive at the outset1 but far more durable than the latter1 which is also liable to leakage at the joints1 unless excellently made4 ,both copper and iron should be well covered1 in and outside1 with several coats of paint4 ,wooden tubs--square1 oblong1 or oval--are sometimes used for warm baths1 and are cheap and convenient2 but the wood contracts a mouldy smell1 and there is great difficulty in preventing shrinkage in them1 and keeping them water-tight4 ,the fittest place for baths1 is the bed-room floor2 they are sometimes placed in the basement story1 which is cold and damp1 and in all weather disagreeable4 ,due attention should be paid to the warming and ventilation of the bath-room4 ,a temperature of #gj degrees1 by the thermometer1 should be kept up in it2 and ventilation is requisite1 to prevent the moisture settling upon the walls and furniture4 ,an improvement in the construction of baths1 is a slightly hollowed space at one end1 to receive the head of the bather1 so as to prevent that sensation of cramp which is often experienced from the ordinary1 abrupt shape of a bath4 ,the hand is a very uncertain test for the heat of water1 and should1 therefore1 not be relied on in preparing a bath2 but a thermometer should be employed1 which will denote the actual temperature1 thus3-- ,cold bath1 from #cb to #ge of ,fahrenheit4 ,tepid #ge to #ib ,warm #ib to #ih ,hot #ih to #aad ,vapor #ajj to #adj #ejc4 ,hand ,shower-,bath4--,an excellent hand shower-bath for children1 has been invented4 ,it consists of a metal vessel1 containing about a gallon1 the bottom of which is pierced with holes1 while the upper part is open1 and provided with a handle4 ,when intended to be used1 the vessel is immersed in a pail of water1 and it quickly fills from the lower part4 ,the thumb is placed over the aperture at the apex1 which prevents all escape of water4 ,it may be held at a convenient distance over the child1 and the moment the thumb is removed1 there falls a refreshing shower1 which may be stopped instantaneously1 by placing the thumb over the upper opening4 #ejd4 ,simple ,vapor ,bath4--,wrap the patient in blankets1 which fasten closely about the neck1 leaving the head exposed3 then place him in a chair1 under which set a basin or deep dish1 with half a pint of spirits of wine1 or whisky1 which should be ignited3 close the blankets to the floor1 and in a few minutes the patient will be in a profuse perspiration1 and should be put to bed between warm blankets4 #eje4 ,advantages of ,bathing4--,it is a fact officially recorded1 that during the terrible visitations of cholera in ,france1 out of nearly #af1bbh subscribers to the public baths of ,paris1 ,bordeaux1 and ,marseilles1 only two deaths among them were ascribed to cholera4 ,we doubt whether there exists a more effectual preventive of disease of every kind1 and a greater promoter of good health at all times1 than the practice of daily bathing4 #ejf4 ,uses of ,hot ,water4--,the efficacy of hot water1 on many occasions in life1 cannot be too generally known4 ,it is an excellent gargle for a bad sore throat1 or quinsy4 ,in bruises1 hot water1 by immersion and fomentation1 will remove pain1 and prevent discoloration and stiffness4 ,it has the same effect after a blow4 ,it should be applied as quickly as possible1 and as hot as it can be borne4 ,insertion in hot water will also cure that troublesome and very painful ailment1 the whitlow4 #ejg4 ,good effects of ,bathing4--,i am often asked1 what baths are safest--as if everything1 by its fitness or unfitness1 is not safe1 or the reverse4 ,the value of all baths depends upon their fitness2 and that1 in many instances1 can only be known by trial4 ,it depends upon constitution1 more than upon the name of a disease1 whether particular patients shall be benefited by one bath or another4 ,generally speaking1 when the skin is hot and dry1 a cold bath will do good2 and when chilly1 a hot bath4 ,but the reverse sometimes happens4 ,the cold stage of ague1 may at once be cut short by a cold bath4 ,i have seen a shivering hypochondriac dash into the cold plunge bath1 and come out1 in a minute or two1 perfectly cured of all his aches and whimseys4 ,but1 in cases of this nature1 everything depends upon the glow or reaction which the bath produces2 and that has as much to do with surprise or shock as with the temperature of the bath4 ,i have seen a person with a hot1 dry skin1 go into a warm bath1 and come out just as refreshed as if he had taken a cold one4 ,in that case1 the perspiration which it excited1 must have been the principal means of relief4 ,so far as my own experience goes1 ,i prefer the cold and tepid shower-baths1 and the cold plunge-bath1 to any other2 but there are cases in which these disagree1 and ,i1 therefore1 occasionally order the warm or vapor-bath instead4--,dr4 ,dickson4 #ejh4 ,diet for ,patients4--,i am every day asked by my patients1 what diet they should take4 ,i generally answer by the question1 ',how old are you8' ,suppose they say1 ,forty--',forty6' ,i rejoin3 'you who have had forty years' experience of what agrees and disagrees with you--how can you ask me who have no experience of the kind in your case whatever8' ,surely1 gentlemen1 a patient's experience of what agrees and disagrees with his own particular constitution1 is far better than any theory of yours or mine4 ,why1 bless my life6 in many chronic diseases1 the diet which a man can take to-day1 would be rejected with disgust to-morrow2 under such circumstances1 would you still1 according to common medical practice1 tell a sick person to go on taking what he himself found worried him to death8 ,gentlemen1 ,i hope better things of you4 ,the only general caution you need give your patients on the subject of diet1 is moderation2 moderation in using the things which they find agree with themselves best4 ,you may direct them to take their food in small quantities at a time1 at short periodic intervals--intervals of two or three hours1 for example2 and tell them to take the trouble to masticate it properly before they swallow it1 so as not to give a weak stomach the double work of mastication and digestion--these processes being1 even in health1 essentially distinct4 ,unless properly comminuted and mixed with the saliva1 how can you expect the food to be anything but a source of inconvenience to persons whom the smallest trifle will frequently discompose8--,dr4 ,dickson's ,lectures4 #eji4 ,abstinence1 or ,starvation4--,beware of carrying this too far6--for abstinence engenders maladies4 ,so ,shakspeare said1 and so nature will tell you1 in the teeth of all the doctors in ,europe6 ,abstinence may produce almost every form of disease which has entered into the consideration of the physician4--,ibid4 #eaj4 ,the ,blood is the ,life--never be ,bled6--,he who loses a pint of blood1 loses a pint of his life4 ,of what is the body composed8 ,is it not of blood1 and blood only8 ,what fills up the excavation of an ulcer or an abscess8 ,what re-produces the bone of the leg or thigh1 after it has been thrown off dead1 in nearly all its length8 what but the living ,,blood1 under the vito-electrical influence of the brain and nerves6 ,how does the slaughtered animal die8 ,of loss of blood solely4 ,is not the blood1 then1 in the impressive language of ,scripture1 'the life of the flesh8' ,how remarkable1 that while the value of the blood to the animal economy should be thus so distinctly and emphatically acknowledged1 blood-letting is not even once alluded to1 among the various modes of cure mentioned in the sacred volume4 ,we have 'balms1' 'balsams1' 'baths1' 'charms1' 'physics1'--'poultices1' even--but loss of blood1 never6 ,had it been practised by the ,jews1 why this omission8 ,will the men who now so lavishly pour out the blood1 dispute its importance in the animal economy8 ,will they deny that it forms the basis of the solids8 that when the body has been wasted by long disease1 it is by the blood only it can recover its healthy volume and appearance8--,dr4 ,dickson's ,lectures4 ,,the ,,toilet4 #eaa4 ,personal beauty is the gift of nature1 but its preservation depends much on the care of its possessor4 ,beauty may also be cultivated and enhanced2 even plainness may be improved1 and the defects that sickness1 accidents1 and age impress on the human features and form1 may be greatly remedied by simple means1 and attention to a few important rules4 ,the first requisite for the preservation and improvement of personal beauty is good temper4 ,the teachings of the ,new ,testament1 if you follow its precepts1 will insure you this grace4 ,the second requirement is good health4 ,the most important rules for its preservation and recovery are given in this chapter4 ,the third requisite comprises attention to neatness1 and that general care of the person which the rules and receipts we here subjoin1 will aid in making complete4 #eab4 ,of the ,hair4--,it is a great mistake to plait the hair of children under eleven or twelve years of age4 ,the process of plaiting more or less strains the hairs in their roots by pulling them tight2 tends to deprive them of their requisite supply of nutriment2 and checks their growth4 ,the hair of girls should be cut rather short1 and allowed to curl freely4 ,when they are about eleven or twelve1 the hair should be twisted into a coil1 not too tight1 nor tied at the end with thin thread1 but with a piece of riband4 #eac4 ,do not ,shave the ,head4--,shaving the head is always injurious to the hair1 the bulbs being frequently destroyed by the process2 and washing frequently with an alkaline preparation1 such as soap and water1 is decidedly objectionable1 for that1 as well as sea-water1 is very apt to change the color of the hair4 #ead4 ,to purify and beautify the ,hair4--,an excellent means of keeping the hair sweet1 clean1 glossy1 and curly1 is to brush it with a rather hard brush dipped by the surface only in eau de ,portugal 7,portugal water74 ,in order to have it fresh and of fine quality1 take a pint of orange flower water1 a pint of rose water1 and half a pint of myrtle water4 ,to these put a quarter of an ounce of distilled spirit of musk1 and an ounce of spirit of ambergris4 ,shake the whole well together1 and the water will be ready for use4 ,only a small quantity should be made at a time1 as it does not keep long1 except in moderate weather1 being apt to spoil either with cold or heat4 #eae4 ,to promote the ,growth of ,hair4--,mix equal parts of olive oil and spirits of rosemary1 and add a few drops of oil of nutmeg4 ,if the hair be rubbed every night with a little of this liniment1 and the proportion be very gradually augmented1 it will answer every purpose of increasing the growth of hair1 much more effectually than can be attained by any of the boasting empirical preparations which are imposed on the credulous purchaser4 #eaf4 ,curling ,liquid for the ,hair4--,when the hair will not curl naturally1 the curling irons should not be used2 they only extract the moisture1 and render the hair crisp and harsh4 ,an excellent curling liquid is the following3--,put two pounds of common soap1 cut small1 into three pints of spirits of wine1 with eight ounces of potash1 and melt the whole1 stirring it with a clean piece of wood4 ,add some essence of amber1 vanilla1 and nevoli1 about a quarter of an ounce of each1 to render the fluid agreeable4 ,the liquids which are sold for the professed purpose of assisting in curling the hair1 are chiefly composed of either oily or extractive substances4 #eag4 ,to prevent ,hair from falling out4--,make a strong decoction of white-oak bark in water1 and use it freely4 ,it is best to make but little at a time1 and have it fresh at least once a fortnight4 #eah4 ,to avoid ,grey ,hairs4--,those who would avoid that prominent mark of approaching old age1 called grey hair1 must be careful in the treatment of the hair in their youth4 ,they must avoid constricting the skin1 and strangling the hair at its roots1 and everything that may throw into the blood an undue portion of lime4 ,we say an undue portion1 because a certain quantity of lime is indispensable in our system for repairing the wear and tear of the bones1 teeth1 c4 ,the lime necessary for the repair of bone is manufactured by the stomach and liver1 along with the blood1 from various articles of our diet which contain it4 ,the greatest supply is usually from the water which we drink1 or which is employed in the various processes of cooking and preparing liquors4 ,all animal food also contains some portion of lime1 as well as some of the sorts of vegetable food4 ,ascertain1 then1 by chemical trial1 whether the water used for your tea1 coffee1 soups1 c41 contains a large proportion of lime2 and1 if it do1 you must either have it chemically purified1 or remove to some other place where the water is more free from lime4 ,if water be hard1 you may be certain that it contains too much lime to be safely used4 ,rain-water is the safest for tea and other liquids4 ,bread will always contain a portion of lime2 you must1 therefore1 be careful in dealing with respectable bakers1 who will not increase that unavoidable quantity by means of adulterating matter 7such as whiting7 which contains lime4 #eai4 ,to soften and cleanse the ,hair4--,beat up an egg1 rub it well into the hair1 and then wash the head well4 ,if the hair is very oily1 add the juice of half a lemon4 ,this receipt also answers much better for washing pet dogs than soap4 #ebj4 ,to make a ,curling ,fluid for the ,hair4--,melt a piece of white bees'-wax1 about the size of a filbert kernel or large pea1 in one ounce of olive oil2 to this add one or two drops of attar of roses or any other perfume4 #eba4 ,gen4 ,twiggs' ,hair ,dye4--,dissolve in a pint of rose-water1 one ounce of lac sulphur1 and half an ounce of sugar of lead4 ,wet the hair with this mixture thoroughly every night1 shaking the bottle occasionally4 ,some persons prefer whisky to rose-water1 in mixing the articles4 #ebb4 ,to change ,hair to a deep ,brown4--,a solution of silver caustic in water is the foundation of all the nostrums for this purpose4 ,it must be well diluted before used4 #ebc4 ,to dye the ,hair ,black4--,procure from the dyer's a quantity of walnut-water2 and with this wash the hair1 as the first part of the process4 ,then make an aromatic tincture of galls1 by scenting the common tincture with any agreeable perfume2 and with this wet the hair1 which must next be moistened with a strong solution of sulphate of iron4 #ebd4 ,a simple ,hair-dye4--,boil in a pint of water a handful of rosemary2 when cold1 strain and bottle1 but do not cork it4 ,renew it every few weeks4 ,wet the hair with it every night4 #ebe4 ,to darken the ,eye-brows4--,take an ounce of walnuts1 an ounce of frankincense1 an ounce of resin1 and an ounce of mastick4 ,burn them all on clear1 red-hot charcoal1 and receive the fumes into a funnel1 in which a very fine black powder1 slightly perfumed and unctuous1 will adhere4 ,mix this with a little oil of myrtle1 in a leaden mortar1 and apply it to the eye-brows4 ,this paste has the property of resisting both heat and perspiration2 but it must be occasionally renewed4 ,the following method may also be used3 ,burn a clove in the flame of a wax-candle1 dip it into the juice of elder-berries1 and apply it to the eye-brows4 ,the powder1 also1 which is used in the ,east for painting the eye-lashes1 and which is composed of antimony and bismuth1 may be safely and advantageously used4 ,or1 a paste prepared from powdered black lead1 with eau de ,cologne1 or oil of myrtle1 or essence of bergamot1 will suffice for the purpose4 ,when the eye-brows become long and shaggy1 they give a ferocious and repulsive expression to the countenance4 ,the scissors should in that case be often used4 ,some of the longest hairs might also be removed with the tweezers4 #ebf4 ,to know whether ,hair ,powder is adulterated with ,lime4--,put a little crude sal-ammoniac1 in powder1 to the suspected hair powder1 and add a little warm water to the mixture1 and stir it about2 if the powder has been adulterated with lime1 a strong smell of volatile alkali will arise from this mixture4 #ebg4 ,to perfume ,hair ,powder4--,take one drachm of musk1 four ounces of lavender blossoms1 one and a half drachm of civet1 and half a drachm of ambergris2 pound the whole together1 and pass it through a sieve4 ,preserve this mixture in well-stopped bottles1 and add more or less thereof1 as agreeable1 in your hair powder4 #ebh4 ,to improve the ,hair4--,powdered hartshorn1 mixed with oil1 being rubbed upon the head of persons who have lost their hair1 will cause it to grow again4 ,a very good oil for the hair is made by mixing one part of the liquid hartshorn with nine parts of pure castor-oil4 #ebi4 ,an economical ,hair ,wash4--,dissolve in one quart of boiling water one ounce of borax and half an ounce of camphor2 these ingredients fine4 ,when cool1 the solution will be ready for use4 ,damp the hair with it frequently4 ,this wash not only cleanses and beautifies1 but strengthens the hair1 preserves the color1 and prevents baldness4 #ecj4 ,to remove ,superfluous ,hair4--,this is very difficult1 for if you pull the hair out by the roots from those places which it disfigures1 there are thousands of roots ready to start through the skin the moment you make room for them4 ,old authors recommend depilatories in great variety4 ,the principal of these methods consist in rubbing upon the part from which the hair is to be removed1 leaven1 parsley water1 juice of acacia1 the gum of ivy or of the cherry-tree1 dissolved in spirits of wine1 c4 ,madame ,elisi ,voiart1 in her ,encyclopdie des ,dames1 recommends a few drops of dulcified spirit of salt1 7that is1 muriatic acid distilled with rectified spirits of wine17 to be applied with a camel hair pencil4 ,,of ,,the ,,complexion4 #eca4 ,never ,paint4--,the use of white paint as a cosmetic affects the eyes1 which it renders painful and watery4 ,it changes the texture of the skin1 on which it produces pimples2 attacks the teeth1 destroys the enamel1 and loosens them4 ,it heats the mouth and throat1 infecting and corrupting the saliva4 ,lastly1 it penetrates the pores of the skin1 acting by degrees on the spongy substance of the lungs1 and inducing disease4 ,powdered magnesia1 or violet powder1 is no further injurious than by stopping the pores of the skin2 but this is quite injury enough to preclude its use4 ,the best cosmetics are early hours1 exercise1 and temperance4 #ecb4 ,to soften the ,skin and improve the ,complexion4--,mix in a cup of milk a little flowers of sulphur2 let it stand for an hour or two2 then1 without disturbing the sulphur1 rub the milk into the skin4 ,it will keep it soft and clear4 ,it should be used before washing4 #ecc4 ,how to treat ,freckles4--,most of us have observed the effect produced on white paper by holding it closely to the fire3 it changes rapidly from white to brown1 and becomes scorched4 ,chemists tell us that most combustible things1 both in the animal and vegetable world1 have carbon for their basis--so has the skin2 and1 if it be exposed to the heat1 it becomes1 like them1 spotted or charred4 ,the iron and oxygen in the blood also assist to produce this effect4 ,thus we have the cause of freckles4 ,those who1 like ,richard ,cur de ,lion1 and ,mary ,queen of ,scots1 have red hair 7which is caused by a red-colored oil1 more strongly impregnated with iron than others71 are most liable to freckles4 ,the most effectual means of removing freckles1 is the use of those chemicals which will dissolve the existing combination4 ,the freckles are situated in the second or middle membrane of the skin2 and1 before any other application1 it will be advisable to soften the surface by the use of some mild balsam or paste4 #ecd4 ,for ,freckles4--,one ounce of bitter almonds1 one ditto of barley flour1 mix with a sufficient quantity of honey to make the whole into a smooth paste2 with which the face1 more particularly where the freckles are visible1 is to be anointed at night1 and the paste washed off in the morning4 ,after a few days the skin will be prepared for a chemical remedy4 #ece4 ,another4--,to decompose the freckles1 by laying hold of the iron1 the following mixture may be applied3 ,take one drachm of muriatic acid1 half a pint of rain-water1 half a tea-spoonful of spirit of lavender2 mix well together1 and apply two or three times a day to the freckles1 with a camel's hair brush4 ,the acid seizes upon the iron1 and the oxygen is disengaged4 #ecf4 ,purifying water for ,freckled ,skin4--,take one tea-spoonful of liquor of potassa1 two ounces and a half of pure water1 and ten drops of eau de ,cologne4 ,mix1 and apply three times a day with a camel's hair brush4 #ecg4 ,cosmetic ,lotion for ,freckles4--,take a tea-cupful of cold sour milk1 scrape into it a quantity of horse-radish4 ,let this stand from six to twelve hours2 and then1 being well strained1 let it be applied1 as before directed1 two or three times a day4 #ech4 ,preventive ,wash for ,sunburn4--,take two drachms of borax1 one drachm of ,roman alum1 one drachm of camphor1 half an ounce of sugar-candy1 and one pound of ox-gall2 mix and stir well together1 and repeat the stirring three or four times a day1 until the mixture becomes transparent2 then strain it through filtering paper1 and it is fit for use4 #eci4 ,grape ,lotion for ,sunburn4--,dip a bunch of green grapes in a basin of water2 sprinkle it with powdered alum and salt1 mixed together2 wrap it in paper1 and bake it under hot ashes2 then express the remaining juice1 and wash the face with the liquid4 #edj4 ,lemon ,cream for ,sunburn and ,freckles4--,put two spoonfuls of fresh cream into half a pint of new milk2 squeeze into it the juice of a lemon1 and half a glass of brandy1 a little alum1 and loaf sugar2 boil the whole1 skim it well1 and1 when cool1 it will be fit for use4 #eda4 ,a ,french ,receipt4--,take equal parts of the seeds of the melon1 pompion1 gourd1 and cucumber1 pounded and reduced to powder or meal2 add to it fresh cream sufficient to dilute the flour2 beat all up together1 adding a sufficient quantity of milk1 as it may be required1 to make an ointment1 and then apply it to the face4 ,leave it there for half an hour1 and then wash it off with warm soft water4 ,pimpernel water is often used on the continent for the purpose of whitening the complexion4 ,it is there in so high reputation1 that it is said generally that it ought to be continually on the toilet of every lady who cares for the brightness of her skin4 #edb4 ,moles4--,the author of ,the ,art of ,beauty1 whose work appeared in #ahbd1 has very judiciously observed3 ,the common brown mole appears to be much of the same nature as freckles1 and to be situated in the middle layer of the skin1 or membrane of color4 ,moles are sometimes so placed as to improve rather than injure a fine face4 ,they contrast with the delicacy of a fair skin1 and give a pleasing archness of expression to the countenance4 ,they are1 however1 most frequently found on women of a dark complexion4 ,the coloring matter1 as in the case of freckles and sunburn1 is probably some chemical combination of iron4 ,moles have evidently a superabundant vitality1 and a tendency to increased action1 in consequence1 perhaps1 of the stimulus of the iron2 and hence they are often slightly elevated above the surface1 and the natural down of the skin is changed into a tuft of hair4 ,the same cosmetic applications may be tried as for freckles1 with gentle friction1 but they are seldom successful4 ,but it will be found very dangerous to apply depilatories to eradicate the tufts of hair on moles1 as cancer in the face is not unfrequently the consequence of such applications4 #edc4 ,birth ,marks4--,let them alone1 or apply to some eminent surgeon to attempt their removal4 #edd4 ,worm ,pimple1 with black points4--,they are very common1 and very unsightly1 giving the skin an oily1 greasy1 and dirty appearance4 ,their origin is to be traced to the obstruction of the fountains or glands placed immediately under the skin1 from which a minute pipe carries off the perspiration4 ,this moisture1 not getting free egress1 thickens and closes the pores3 it then catches the dust and other impurities1 floating in the atmosphere1 and soon becomes black4 ,if squeezed violently between the nails1 this thickened matter will be driven out1 in the form of a yellowish white worm1 with a black head1 which is nothing more than the extraneous matter just mentioned4 ,that there is any vitality in it1 is an absurd1 but popular and prevalent error4 ,these pimples generally cluster on the sides of the nose and on the forehead1 whilst the skin around them is greasy4 ,they should be thoroughly pressed out of every pore1 or there they will remain1 and no cosmetic will dislodge them4 ,when this is effectually done1 the following safe and simple application may be tried3 take one ounce of bitter almonds and one ounce of barley-flour2 mix them with honey1 until they form a smooth paste1 and anoint the skin at night4 ,gentle friction1 either with the hand or with a soft glove1 is also good4 ,when this state of the skin is induced by bilious disorders1 indigestion1 c41 sulphur1 purgatives1 and other remedies must be taken to remove it2 but not without medical advice1 as they often are the reverse of effectual4 #ede4 ,another simple ,remedy4--,bathe the pimples several times a day with lukewarm water and a sponge1 rubbing the sponge over a piece of yellow soap4 ,there is a truly healing power in soap1 which is surprising when we learn to appreciate it1 and which is quite distinct from mere cleanliness4 #edf4 ,wash for ,pimples4--,dissolve half a drachm of salt of tartar in three ounces of spirit of wine2 apply with linen or a camel-hair pencil4 #edg4 ,a ,paste for the ,skin4--,boil the whites of four eggs in rose-water2 add to it a small quantity of alum2 beat the whole to the consistence of a paste4 ,this will give great firmness to the skin4 #edh4 ,cold ,cream4--,take two ounces of oil of sweet almonds1 and one drachm each of white wax and spermaceti1 or half an ounce of white wax alone1 which scrape very fine1 and put them with the oil into an earthen dish1 to melt slowly on the embers1 and stir it till it becomes quite smooth4 ,when it is cooling1 add one ounce of rose-water1 and put it into a gallipot1 closely covered4 ,it should be a very thick cream4 #edi4 ,fard4--,this paste is useful in removing sun-burnings1 effects of wind on the face1 and accidental cutaneous eruptions4 ,it must be applied on going to bed4 ,first1 wash the face1 and1 when dry1 rub the fard over it1 and let it remain all night4 ,take two ounces of oil of sweet almonds1 and the same quantity of spermaceti2 melt them over a slow fire4 ,when they are dissolved and mixed1 take it from the fire1 and stir into it one table-spoonful of fine honey4 ,continue stirring it till it is cold1 and it is then fit for use4 #eej4 ,court-plaster1 or black ,sticking-plaster4--,take half an ounce of benzoin1 and six ounces of rectified spirit2 dissolve and strain2 then take one ounce of isinglass1 and half a pint of hot water2 dissolve and strain separately from the former4 ,mix the two1 and set them aside to cool1 when a jelly will be formed2 and this is warmed and brushed ten or twelve times over a piece of black silk1 stretched smooth4 ,when this is done enough1 and dry1 finish it with a solution of four ounces of chian turpentine in six ounces of tincture of benzoin4 #eea4 ,an excellent ,tooth-powder4--,one of the best tooth-powders is made by mixing together one ounce and a half of prepared chalk1 half an ounce of powder of bark1 and a quarter of an ounce of camphor4 #eeb4 ,charcoal ,tooth-powder4--,pound charcoal as fine as possible1 in a mortar1 or grind it in a mill2 then well sift it1 and apply a little of it to the teeth about twice a week1 and it will not only render them beautifully white1 but will also make the breath sweet1 and the gums firm and comfortable4 ,if the charcoal is ground in a mortar1 it is convenient to grind it in water1 to prevent the dust from flying about4 ,indeed1 the powder is more convenient for use1 when kept in water4 #eec4 ,a safe ,tooth-powder4--,cut a slice of thick bread into squares1 and burn it till it becomes charcoal4 ,pound it1 and sift it through a fine muslin4 ,it is then ready for use4 #eed4 ,another ,tooth-powder4--,mix hartshorn shavings1 calcined and pulverized1 three-fifths2 myrrh1 pulverized1 two-fifths4 #eee4 ,a good ,dentifrice4--,dissolve two ounces of borax in three pints of boiling water2 before it is quite cold1 add one tea-spoonful of tincture of myrrh1 and one table-spoonful of spirits of camphor4 ,bottle the mixture for use4 ,add one wine-glassful of the solution to half a pint of tepid water1 and use it daily4 ,it preserves and beautifies the teeth1 arrests decay1 and induces a healthy action in the gums4 #eef4 ,camphor ,tooth-powder4--,this excellent dentifrice is made by mixing prepared chalk1 finely pulverized1 and sifted through a fine muslin1 with an equal quantity of pulverized camphor1 prepared in the same way4 ,it is a good preservative of the teeth4 #eeg4 ,orris-root ,tooth-powder4--,mix equal quantities of finely pulverized and sifted orris-root and prepared chalk4 ,charcoal may be used instead of chalk1 in both these receipts1 but it must be prepared with great care1 else its grittiness will injure the enamel of the teeth4 #eeh4 ,to whiten the ,teeth4--,mix honey with finely powdered charcoal1 and use the paste as a dentifrice4 #eei4 ,wash for the ,teeth4--,one ounce of myrrh1 powdered1 and dissolved in one pint of spirits of wine4 ,a little of this dropped on the tooth-brush1 is excellent for the teeth and gums4 #efj4 ,to remove ,tartar from the ,teeth4--#ast4 ,the use of the tooth-brush night and morning1 and at least rinsing the mouth after every meal at which animal food is taken4 #b;d4 ,once daily run the brush lightly two or three times over soap1 then dip it in salt1 and with it clean the teeth1 working the brush up and down rather than--or as well as--backwards and forwards4 ,this is a cheap1 safe1 and effectual dentifrice4 #c;d4 ,eat freely of common cress--the sort used with mustard1 under the name of small salad2 it must be eaten with salt only4 ,if thus used two or three days in succession1 it will effectually loosen tartar1 even of long standing4 ,the same effect is produced1 though perhaps not in an equal degree1 by eating strawberries and raspberries1 especially the former4 ,a leaf of common green sage rubbed on the teeth1 is useful both in cleansing and polishing1 and probably many other common vegetable productions also4 #efa4 ,obs4 ,soap is not at all a desirable medium for cleaning the teeth1 as1 though it may whiten for the time1 the alkaline process destroys the enamel4 #efb4 ,to fill a decayed ,tooth4--,when a tooth is too much decayed to be filled by a dentist1 or the person is at a distance from one1 gutta percha will be found an useful expedient4 ,drop a small piece of this substance in boiling water1 then taking off as much as will probably fill the tooth nearly level1 press it1 while soft1 into the cavity4 ,then hold cold water in the mouth on that side1 to harden it4 ,it has been known to preserve a tooth two years at least1 and keeps it free from cold4 ,,for ,,the ,,dressing-,,table4 #efc4 ,to make soft ,pomatum4--,beat half a pound of unsalted fresh lard in common water2 then soak and beat it in two rose-waters2 drain it1 and beat it with two spoonfuls of brandy2 let it drain from this2 add to it some essence of lemon1 and keep it in small pots4 #efd4 ,or3 ,soak half a pound of clear beef marrow1 and one pound of unsalted fresh lard1 in water1 two or three days1 changing and beating it every day4 ,put it into a sieve1 and1 when dry1 into a jar1 and the jar into a saucepan of water4 ,when melted1 pour it into a basin1 and beat it with two spoonfuls of brandy2 drain off the brandy1 and then add essence of lemon1 bergamot1 or any other scent that is liked4 #efe4 ,hard ,pomatum4--,prepare equal quantities of beef marrow and mutton suet1 as before1 using the brandy to preserve it1 and adding the scent2 then pour it into moulds1 or1 if you have none1 into phials of the size you choose the rolls to be4 ,when cold1 break the bottles1 clear away the glass carefully1 and put paper round the rolls4 #eff4 ,or3 ,take equal quantities of marrow1 melted and strained1 lard1 and castor oil2 warm all together2 add any scent you please2 stir until cold1 and put into pots4 #efg4 ,pomade ,divine4--,clear one and a half pound of beef marrow from the strings and bone2 put it into an earthen pan or vessel of water fresh from the spring1 and change the water night and morning for ten days2 then steep it in rose-water twenty-four hours1 and drain it in a cloth till quite dry4 ,take one ounce of each of the following articles1 namely3 storax1 gum-benjamin1 and odoriferous cypress powder2 half an ounce of cinnamon1 two drachms of cloves1 and two drachms of nutmeg1 all finely powdered3 mix them with the marrow above prepared2 then put all the ingredients into a pewter pot that holds three pints2 make a paste of white of egg and flour1 and lay it upon a piece of rag4 ,over that must be another piece of linen1 to cover the top of the pot very close1 that none of the steam may evaporate4 ,put the pot into a large copper pot with water1 observing to keep it steady1 that it may not reach to the covering of the pot that holds the marrow4 ,as the water shrinks1 add more1 boiling hot--for it must boil four hours without ceasing a moment4 ,strain the ointment through a linen cloth into small pots1 and1 when cold1 cover them4 ,do not touch it with anything but silver4 ,it will keep many years4 #efh4 ,to make ,jessamine ,butter4--,hog's lard melted1 and well washed in fair water1 laid an inch thick in a dish1 and strewed over with jessamine flowers1 will imbibe the scent1 and make a very fragrant pomatum4 #efi4 ,rowland's ,macassar ,oil4--,this is made by boiling castor oil1 scenting it with oil of roses1 and coloring it1 while warm1 with alkanet root4 #egj4 ,macassar ,oil4--,common oil1 three quarts2 spirits of wine1 half a pint2 cinnamon powder1 three ounces2 bergamot1 two ounces3 heat them together in a large pipkin1 then remove it from the fire1 and add four small pieces of alkanet root1 keeping it closely covered for several hours4 ,let it then be filtered through a funnel lined with filtering paper4 #ega4 ,wash for the ,skin4--,four ounces of potash1 four ounces of rose-water1 two ounces of pure brandy1 and two ounces of lemon-juice2 put all these into two quarts of water1 and when you wash1 put a table-spoonful or two of the mixture into the basin of water you intend washing in4 #egb4 ,to make ,milk of ,roses4--,to one pint of rose-water1 add one ounce of oil of almonds and ten drops of the oil of tartar4 ,n4 ,b4--,let the oil of tartar be poured in last4 #egc4 ,almond ,paste4--,blanch half a pound of sweet almonds and a quarter of a pound of bitter almonds1 and beat them to powder in a mortar with half a pound of loaf sugar2 then beat them into a paste with orange-flower water4 #egd4 ,almond ,powder4--,blanch six pounds of bitter almonds1 dry and beat them1 and press from them one pint of oil2 then beat them in an iron mortar1 and pass the powder through a sieve4 ,keep it from air and moisture in a glass jar4 ,used instead of soap for washing the hands1 it imparts a singular delicacy to their appearance4 #ege4 ,violet ,powder4--,this preparation is universally applied for drying the skin after washing1 especially at the joints1 which1 if left even damp1 produces chaps and chafing1 often followed1 if neglected1 by inflammation4 ,violet powder is best prepared by mixing three parts of the best wheat starch with one of finely-ground orris-root2 the latter adds to the drying power of the starch1 and imparts1 at the same time1 an agreeable odor like that of violet--hence the name of the mixture4 ,it is also prepared by perfuming starch with essential oils1 without the addition of orris-root3 but1 though the scent of the powder is stronger1 and to some more tempting to use1 it is far less beneficial in its application4 ,the scent1 acting as a stimulant to the skin1 increases rather than abates any tendency to redness4 ,unperfumed powder is1 therefore1 the best to use1 dusted over the part with a little brush made of swan's-down1 called a puff4 #egf4 ,another ,powder for ,chaps1 c4--,take dry hemlock bark1 powder it1 by rubbing on a fine grater2 then sift this powder through gauze or muslin1 and sprinkle it lightly on the part chapped4 ,it is a safe and certain curative4 #egg4 ,pearl ,white4--,bismuth dissolved in aqua-fortis1 is pearl white4 ,this1 though at first it whitens1 afterwards blackens the skin1 as all preparations from lead do2 and therefore none of them are safely to be used4--,dr4 ,moyes' ,lectures4 #egh4 ,pot-pourri4--,put into a large china jar the following ingredients in layers1 with bay-salt strewed between the layers3 two pecks of damask roses1 part in buds and part blown2 violets1 orange-flowers1 and jessamine1 a handful of each2 orris-root sliced1 benjamin and storax1 two ounces of each2 quarter of an ounce of musk2 quarter of a pound of angelica root1 sliced2 a quart of the red parts of clove-gillyflowers2 two handfuls of lavender flowers2 half a handful of rosemary flowers2 bay and laurel leaves1 half a handful of each2 three ,seville oranges1 stuck as full of cloves as possible1 dried in a cool oven1 and pounded2 half a handful of knotted marjoram2 and two handfuls of balm of ,gilead1 dried4 ,cover all quite close4 ,when the pot is uncovered the perfume is very fine4 #egi4 ,a quicker sort of sweet ,pot-pourri4--,take three handfuls of orange-flowers1 three of clove-gillyflowers1 three of damask roses1 one of knotted marjoram1 one of lemon-thyme1 six bay-leaves1 a handful of rosemary1 one of myrtle1 half of mint1 one of lavender1 the rind of a lemon1 and a quarter of an ounce of cloves4 ,chop all1 and put them in layers1 with pounded bay-salt between1 up to the tip of the jar4 ,if all the ingredients cannot be obtained at once1 put them in as you get them2 always throwing in salt with every new article4 #ehj4 ,hungary ,water4--,mix one quart of spirits of wine2 half a pint of water2 and three-quarters of an ounce of oil of rosemary4 #eha4 ,lavender ,water4--,mix in a quart bottle three drachms of oil of lavender2 one pint rectified spirit of wine2 shake them well together1 and add an ounce of orange-flower water1 an ounce of rose-water1 four ounces of distilled water1 and1 if you like1 two or three drachms of essence of musk4 #ehb4 ,rose-water4--,when the roses are in full bloom pick the leaves carefully off1 and to every quart of water put a peck of them2 put them in a cold still over a slow fire1 and distil gradually2 then bottle the water2 let it stand in the bottle three days1 and then cork it close4 #ehc4 ,another4--,take two pounds of rose leaves1 place them on a napkin tied round the edges of a basin filled with hot water1 and put a dish of cold water upon the leaves2 keep the bottom water hot1 and change the water at top as soon as it begins to grow warm4 ,by this kind of distillation you will extract a great quantity of the essential oil of the roses by a process which cannot be expensive1 and will prove very beneficial4 #ehd4 ,tincture of ,roses4--,put into a bottle the petals of the common rose1 and pour upon them spirits of wine2 cork the bottle1 and let it stand for two or three months4 ,it will then yield a perfume little inferior to attar of roses4 ,common vinegar is much improved by a very small quantity of this mixture being added to it4 #ehe4 ,honey ,water4--,one ounce of essence of bergamot1 three drachms of ,english oil of lavender1 half a drachm of oil of cloves1 half a drachm of aromatic vinegar1 six grains of musk1 one and a half pint of spirits of wine4 ,mix and distil4 #ehf4 ,honey ,water4--,take one pint of spirit as above1 and three drachms of essence of ambergris2 shake them well daily4 #ehg4 ,sweet-scented ,water4--,put one quart of rose-water1 and the same quantity of orange-water1 into a large and wide-mouthed glass3 strew upon it two handfuls of jessamine flowers2 put the glass in the balneum mari1 or on a slow fire1 and when it is distilled1 add to it a scruple of musk and the same quantity of ambergris4 #ehh4 ,a very fine ,scent4--,take six drachms of oil of lavender1 three of the essence of bergamot1 sixty drops of ambergris1 and two grains of musk4 ,mix these into a pint of the best rectified spirits of wine4 #ehi4 ,to whiten the ,hands4--,take a wine-glassful of eau de ,cologne1 and another of lemon-juice2 then scrape two cakes of brown ,windsor soap1 or the same quantity of pure white soap1 to a powder1 and mix well in a mould4 ,when hard1 it will be excellent for whitening the hands4 #eij4 ,camphor ,cerate for ,chapped ,hands4--,the following receipt was given to the contributor by a maid of honor to ,queen ,victoria4 ,it is an excellent one4 ,scrape into an earthen vessel one ounce and a half of spermaceti and half an ounce of white wax2 add six drachms of pounded camphor1 and four table-spoonfuls of the best olive oil4 ,let it stand near the fire till it dissolves1 stirring it well when liquid4 ,before the hands are washed1 rub them thoroughly with a little of the cerate1 then wash them as usual4 ,putting the cerate on before retiring1 answers very well4 ,this quantity costs about twenty-five cents1 and will last three winters4 ,the vessel it is kept in should be covered1 to prevent evaporation4 #eia4 ,paste for ,chapped ,hands4--,mix a quarter of a pound of unsalted lard1 which has been washed in soft water1 and then in rose-water1 with the yolks of two new-laid eggs1 and a large spoonful of honey4 ,add as much fine oatmeal or almond-paste as will work into a paste4 ,or3--,blanch one pound of bitter almonds1 and pound them smooth in a marble mortar2 add half an ounce of camphor1 one ounce of honey1 quarter of a pound of spermaceti1 pounded and mixed with the almonds1 till it becomes a smooth paste4 ,put it into jars1 and tie it down till wanted4 #eib4 ,to prevent inconvenience from ,perspiration of the ,hands4--,ladies who work lace or embroidery sometimes suffer inconvenience from the perspiration on their hands2 which may be remedied1 by rubbing the hands frequently with a little dry wheaten bran4 #eic4 ,another4--,any of the milder kinds of soaps will be found to answer the purpose of keeping the hands clean1 soft1 and as white as nature will permit4 #eid4 ,for preserving the ,nails4--,one ounce of oil of bitter almonds2 one drachm of oil of tartar per deliquium2 one ounce of prepared crabs'-eyes4 ,mix up with essence of lemon1 to scent it4 ,la ,forest recommends rubbing the nails with lemon as a detergent4 #eie4 ,to whiten the ,nails4--,mix two drachms of diluted sulphuric acid1 one drachm of tincture of myrrh1 and four ounces of spring-water4 ,cleanse the nails with soap1 and then dip the fingers in the mixture4 #eif4 ,to remove ,stains from the ,hands4--,dip your hands in warm water1 and rub on the stain a small portion of oxalic acid powder and cream of tartar1 mixed together in equal quantities4 ,keep it in a box4 ,when the stain disappears1 wash the hands with fine soap or almond cream4 ,a box of this stain powder should always be kept on hand4 #eig4 ,to make ,wash-balls4--,shave thin two pounds of new white soap into about a tea-cupful of rose-water1 then pour on as much boiling water as will soften it4 ,put into a brass pan a pint of sweet oil1 half an ounce of oil of almonds1 half a pound of spermaceti1 and set all over the fire till dissolved2 then add the soap and half an ounce of camphor1 that has first been reduced to powder by rubbing it in a mortar1 with a few drops of spirits of wine1 or lavender-water1 or any other scent4 ,boil ten minutes1 then pour it into a basin1 and stir it till it is quite thick enough to roll into hard balls1 which must then be done immediately4 ,if essence is used1 stir it in quickly after it is taken off the fire4 #eih4 ,essence of ,soap1 for shaving or washing hands4--,take a pound and a half of fine white soap1 in thin slices1 and add thereto two ounces of salt of tartar2 mix them well together1 and put this mixture into one quart of spirits of wine1 in a bottle which will hold double the quantity of the ingredients3 tie a bladder over the mouth of the bottle1 and prick a pin through the bladder2 set it to digest in a gentle heat1 and shake the contents from time to time1 taking care to take out the pin at such times1 to allow passage for the air from within4 ,when the soap is dissolved1 filter the liquor through paper1 to free it from impurities2 then scent it with a little bergamot or essence of lemon4 ,it will have the appearance of fine oil1 and a small quantity will lather with water like soap1 and is much superior in use for washing or shaving4 #eii4 ,naples ,soap4--,put into a pipkin or saucepan half a pint of ley1 7strong enough to bear an egg17 with two ounces of lamb suet and one ounce of olive oil2 simmer them over a fire until they be thick1 when pour the mixture into a flat pan1 cover it with glass1 and expose it to the heat of the sun for seven weeks1 stirring it once a day3 the soap will then be made1 and may be perfumed with a few drops of oil of ambergris1 which should be well mixed4 ,put the soap into small jars1 and it will be improved by keeping4 #fjj4 ,transparent ,soap4--,put into a bottle ,windsor soap1 in thin shavings2 half fill with spirits of wine1 and set it near the fire till the soap be dissolved1 when pour it into a mould to cool4 #fja4 ,genuine ,windsor ,soap4--,to make this famous soap for washing the hands1 shaving1 c41 nothing more is necessary than to slice the best white soap as thin as possible1 melt it in a stew-pan over a slow fire1 scent it well with oil of caraway1 and then pour it into a frame or mould made for that purpose1 or a small drawer1 adapted in size and form to the quantity4 ,when it has stood three or four days in a dry situation1 cut into square pieces1 and it is ready for use4 ,by this simple mode1 substituting any more favorite scent for that of caraway1 all persons may suit themselves with a good perfumed soap1 at the most trifling expense4 #fjb4 ,to make ,lady ,derby's ,soap4--,two ounces of bitter almonds1 blanched1 one ounce and a quarter of tincture of benjamin1 one pound of good plain white soap1 and one piece of camphor the size of a walnut4 ,the almonds and camphor are to be beaten in a mortar until they are completely mixed1 then work up with them the tincture of benjamin4 ,the mixture being perfectly made1 work the soap into it in the same manner4 ,if the smell is too powerful of the camphor and tincture of benjamin1 melt the soap by the fire1 and the perfume will go off4 ,this soap has been tried by many persons of distinction1 is excellent in its qualities for cleansing the skin1 and will be found greatly to assist the complexion1 the ingredients being perfectly safe4 #fjc4 ,to make superior ,honey ,soap4--,cut into thin shavings two pounds of common yellow or white soap2 put it on the fire with just water enough to keep it from burning3 when quite melted1 add a quarter of a pound of honey1 stirring it till it boils2 then take it off1 and add a few drops of any agreeable perfume3 pour it into a deep dish to cool1 and then cut it into squares4 ,it improves by keeping4 ,it will soften and whiten the skin4 #fjd4 ,paste for ,chapped ,lips4--,put four ounces of olive oil into a bottle with one ounce of alkanet root2 stop it up1 and set it for some days in the sun1 shaking it often until it becomes perfectly bright2 then strain the oil from the alkanet1 add to it one ounce of white wax1 and one ounce and a half of clarified mutton suet3 let the mixture simmer a little while over a slow fire4 ,when it begins to cool1 mix with it a few drops of any essential oil4 #fje4 ,chapped or ,sore ,lips4--,may be healed by the frequent application of honey-water1 and protecting them from the influence of cold air4 #fjf4 ,lip ,salve4--,melt together an ounce of white wax1 the same of beef marrow1 and three ounces of white pomatum1 with a small piece of alkanet root1 tied in muslin2 perfume1 when cool1 with attar of rose or any other essence4 ,it should be strained while hot4 #fjg4 ,bad ,breath from ,onions4--,a few leaves of parsley eaten with vinegar1 will prevent any disagreeable consequences from eating onions4 #fjh4 ,wash for the ,mouth4--,an excellent wash for the mouth is made of half an ounce of tincture of myrrh and two ounces of ,peruvian bark4 ,keep in a phial for use4 ,a few drops in a glass of water are sufficient4 #fji4 ,eau de ,cologne4--,mix essence of bergamot1 lemon1 lavender1 and orange-flower1 of each one drachm2 essence of cinnamon1 half a drachm2 spirit of rosemary1 and honey-water1 each two ounces2 spirits of wine1 one pint3 let the mixture stand two weeks1 then put it in a glass retort1 the body of which immerse in boiling water contained in a vessel placed over a lamp1 while the beak of the retort is introduced into a large reservoir 7a decanter1 for example73 keep the water boiling1 while the mixture will distil into the receiver1 which should be covered with cold wet cloths4 ,in this manner ,cologne-water may be obtained as good as the best ,farina1 at one-fourth the price4 ,a coffee-lamp or nursery-furnace will best answer to boil the water4 ,the above is the most simple method of distilling1 without the regular still4 #faj4 ,to make ,eau de ,cologne4--,rectified spirits of wine1 four pints2 oil of bergamot1 one ounce2 oil of lemon1 half an ounce2 oil of rosemary1 half a drachm2 oil of ,neroli1 three-quarters of a drachm2 oil of ,english lavender1 one drachm2 oil of oranges1 one drachm4 ,mix well1 and then filter4 ,if these proportions are too large1 smaller ones may be used4 #faa4 ,a very pleasant ,perfume1 and also preventive against ,moths4--,take of cloves1 caraway seeds1 nutmeg1 mace1 cinnamon1 and ,tonquin beans1 of each one ounce2 then add as much ,florentine orris-root as will equal the other ingredients put together4 ,grind the whole well to powder1 and then put it in little bags1 among your clothes1 c4 #fab4 ,method of extracting ,essences from ,flowers4--,procure a quantity of the petals of any flowers which have an agreeable fragrance2 card thin layers of cotton1 which dip into the finest ,florence or ,lucca oil2 sprinkle a small quantity of fine salt on the flowers1 and lay them1 a layer of cotton and a layer of flowers1 until an earthen vessel or a wide-mouthed glass bottle is full4 ,tie the top close with a bladder1 then lay the vessel in a south aspect to the heat of the sun1 and in fifteen days1 when uncovered1 a fragrant oil may be squeezed away from the whole mass1 little inferior 7if roses are used7 to the highly-valued attar of roses4 #fac4 ,curious small ,cakes of ,incense for perfuming ,apartments4--,take equal quantities of lignum rhodium and anise1 in powder1 with a little powder of dried ,seville orange-peel1 and the same of gum benzoin1 or benjamin1 and beat all together in a marble mortar3 then1 adding some gum-dragon1 or tragacanth1 dissolved in rose-water1 put in a little civet2 beat the whole again together2 make up this mixture into small cakes1 and place them on paper to dry4 ,one of these cakes being burnt in the largest apartment1 will diffuse a most agreeable odor through the whole room4 #fad4 ,to perfume ,linen4--,rose-leaves dried in the shade1 cloves beat to a powder1 and mace1 scraped2 mix them together1 and put the composition into little bags4 #fae4 ,to make an excellent ,smelling-bottle4--,take an equal quantity of sal-ammoniac and unslaked lime1 pound them separately1 then mix1 and put them in a bottle to smell to4 ,before you put in the above1 drop two or three drops of the essence of bergamot in the bottle1 then cork it close4 ,a drop or two of ether1 added to the same1 will greatly improve it4 #faf4 ,aromatic ,vinegar4--,throw into two pounds of acetic acid one ounce each of the dried tops of rosemary and the dried leaves of sage1 half an ounce each of the dried flowers of lavender and of bruised cloves4 ,let them remain untouched for seven days2 then express the liquid and filter it through paper4 ,this is useful in sick rooms4 #fag4 ,lavender ,vinegar4--,prepare a stone jar or bottle1 and to each pint of vinegar put into it1 add half an ounce of fresh lavender flowers2 cover closely1 and set it aside for a day or two2 then set the jar upon hot cinders for eight or ten hours2 and when cold1 strain and bottle it4 ,it is a refreshing perfume4 #fah4 ,spirit and ,oil of ,roses4--,a few drops of attar of roses1 dissolved in spirits of wine1 form the esprit de rose of the perfumers2 and the same quantity dissolved in fine sweet oil1 their huile antique la rose4 #fai4 ,essence of ,musk4--,mix one drachm of musk with the same quantity of pounded loaf sugar2 add six ounces of spirit of wine3 shake together1 and pour off for use4 ,musk is seldom obtained pure3 when it smells of ammonia1 it is adulterated4 ,to preserve it1 it should be made quite dry2 when to be used as a perfume1 it should be moistened4 #fbj4 ,odeur ,delectable4--,mix four ounces of distilled rose-water1 four ounces of orange-flower water1 one drachm of oil of cloves1 two drachms of oil of bergamot1 two grains of musk1 one pint of spirits of wine4 ,macerate thoroughly1 and add one drachm of essence of musk4 ,this delicious scent is a universal favorite with the ladies of the beau monde in ,paris4 #fba4 ,eau ,d',ange4--,pound in a mortar fifteen cloves and one pound of cinnamon2 put the whole into a quart of water1 with four grains anise-seed2 let it stand over a charcoal fire twenty-four hours2 then strain off the liquor and bottle it4 ,the perfume is excellent1 and will be useful for the hands1 face1 and hair4 #fbb4 ,shaving4--,the hone and razor-strop should be kept in good condition4 ,the ,german hone is best3 it should be frequently moistened with oil1 and laid up in a place where it will not readily become dry3 if it be rubbed with soap1 instead of oil1 previously to using1 it will give additional keenness and fineness to the edge of the razor4 ,the strop should also be kept moist with a drop or two of sweet oil3 a little crocus and oil rubbed in the strop with a glass bottle will give the razor a fine edge2 as will also a paste made of tutty powder and solution of oxalic acid4 ,mr4 ,knight1 president of the ,horticultural ,society1 has invented the following apparatus and method of sharpening a razor3 ,procure a round bar of cast steel1 three inches long1 and about one-third of an inch in diameter2 rub it smooth from end to end with glass paper2 next1 smear over its surface a paste of oil and the charcoal of wheat straw1 and fix the steel into a handle4 ,to set a razor1 dip it in hot water1 raise its back1 and move it without pressure1 in circles1 from heel to point1 and back again2 clean the blade on the palm of the hand1 and again dip it into hot water4 ,this newly invented apparatus may be purchased at any cutler's4 ,a very small piece of nitre1 dissolved in water and applied to the face after shaving1 will remove any unpleasant sensation1 though the first application may be somewhat painful4 #fbc4 ,shaving ,liquids4--#a4 ,rub in a marble mortar an ounce of any fine soap1 with two drachms of carbonate of potassa4 ,when these two substances are incorporated1 continue rubbing1 and add gradually a pint of lavender-water1 or any other odorous water made by dissolving essential oils in alcohol sixty degrees above proof4 ,when the whole is well combined1 filter the liquid1 and bottle it for use4 ,to make a lather1 put a few drops into a wine-glass of tepid water2 dip your brush in the mixture1 and1 when rubbed on the face1 a fine lather will appear4 #b4 ,dissolve any quantity of fine soap in alcohol1 either with or without perfume4 ,use it according to the preceding directions4 #fbd4 ,an ,easy ,shave4--,the operation of shaving may be robbed of its unpleasant sensations by rubbing the chin over with grease1 or a sweet oil1 before the application of the razor4 ,the best razor-strop in the world is one's own hand1 moistened with its own natural oil or perspiration4 ,sharpen the razor thus before you wash your hands1 and you will find this natural strop most efficacious4 ,after shaving1 to allay irritation1 wash the chin with ,portugal water4 #fbe4 ,composition for ,shaving1 without the use of razor1 soap1 or water4--,mix one pint and a half of clear lime-water1 two ounces of gum-,arabic1 half an ounce of isinglass1 an eighth of an ounce of cochineal1 a quarter of an ounce of turmeric-root 7made into powder71 an eighth of an ounce of salt of tartar1 and an eighth of an ounce of cream of tartar1 together3 boil them for one hour at least 7stirring up the mixture during the whole time of boiling1 and be careful not to let it boil over71 clear it through a sieve2 then add two and a half pounds of pumice stone1 finely pulverized2 mix the whole together with the hands1 by the assistance of the white of two eggs1 well stirred up4 ,then divide the cake into twelve small ones4 ,dry them in the open air for three days2 put them into an oven moderately heated for twenty-four hours1 when they will be ready for use4 ,apply them1 with a gentle friction1 to the beard1 and they will produce the effect of shaving by rubbing off the hair4 ,,part ,,iii4 ,,home ,,pursuits ,,and ,,domestic ,,arts4 ,needle-work1 ,fancy-work--,preparations for ,writing--,flowers--,house ,plants--,birds--,gold ,fish1 c4 ,the first and best use of the needle is common or plain sewing4 ,every woman and girl should understand this art1 the beginning of all arts1 and the most indispensable to civilization4 ,it is unnecessary to dilate on the importance of common needlework1 and to this female accomplishment1 so universally necessary1 we shall principally confine our directions4 #fbf4 ,requisites for ,sewing4--,a neat work-box well supplied with all the implements required1 including knife1 scissors 7of at least three sizes71 needles and pins in sufficient variety1 bodkins1 thimbles1 thread and cotton1 bobbins1 marking silks1 black lead pencils1 c41 should be provided1 and be furnished with a lock and key1 to prevent the contents being thrown into confusion by children or unauthorized intruders4 ,the lady1 being thus provided1 and having her materials1 implements1 c41 placed in order upon her work-table1 to the edge of which it is an advantage to have a pincushion affixed by means of a screw--may commence her work1 and proceed with it with pleasure to herself1 and without annoyance to any visitor who may favor her with a call4 ,we would recommend1 wherever practicable1 that the work-table should be made of cedar1 and that the windows of the working parlor should open into a garden well supplied with odoriferous flowers and plants1 the perfume of which will materially cheer the spirits of those especially1 whose circumstances compel them to devote the greatest portion of their time to sedentary occupations4 ,if these advantages cannot be obtained1 at least the room should be well-ventilated1 and furnished with a few cheerful plants1 and a well-filled scent-jar4 ,the beneficent ,creator intended all his children1 in whatever station of life they might be placed1 to share in the common bounties of his providence2 and when she1 who works not for pleasure1 but to obtain the means of subsistence1 is compelled to seclude herself1 for days or weeks together1 from the cheering influence of exercise in the open air1 it becomes both her duty1 and that of those for whom she labors1 to secure as much of these advantages1 or of the best substitutes for them1 as the circumstances of the case will admit4 ,,explanation ,,of ,,stitches4 #fbg4 ,hemming4--,turn down the raw edge as evenly as possible4 ,flatten1 and be careful1 especially in turning down the corners4 ,hem from right to left2 bring the point of the needle from the chest toward the right hand4 ,fasten the thread without a knot1 and when you finish1 sew several stitches close together1 and cut off the thread4 #fbh4 ,mantua-maker's ,hem4--,you lay the raw edge of one of your pieces a little below that of the other2 the upper edge is then turned over the other twice1 and felled down as strong as possible4 #fbi4 ,sewing and ,felling4--,if you have selvages1 join them together1 and sew them firmly4 ,if you have raw edges1 turn down one of the edges once1 and the other double the breadth1 and then turn half of it back again4 ,this is for the fell4 ,the two pieces are pinned together1 face to face1 and seamed together--the stitches being in a slanting direction1 and just deep enough to hold the separate pieces firmly together4 ,then flatten the seam with the thumb1 turn the work over1 and fell it the same as hemming4 ,the thread is fastened by being worked between the pieces1 and sewn over4 #fcj4 ,running4--,take three threads1 leave three1 and1 in order that the work may be kept as firm as possible1 back-stitch occasionally4 ,if you sew selvages1 they must be joined evenly together2 but if raw edges1 one must be turned down once1 and the other laid upon it1 but a few threads from the top3 in this case1 it must be felled afterwards4 #fca4 ,stitching4--,the work must be as even as possible4 ,turn down a piece to stitch to2 draw a thread to stitch upon1 twelve or fourteen threads from the edge4 ,being thus prepared1 you take two threads back1 and so bring the needle out from under two before4 ,proceed in this manner to the end of the row2 and1 in joining a fresh piece of thread1 take care to pass the needle between the edges1 and so bring it out where the last stitch is finished4 #fcb4 ,gathering4--,you begin by taking the article to be gathered1 and dividing it into halves1 and then into quarters1 putting on pins to make the divisions4 ,the piece to which you are intending to gather it1 must be gathered about twelve threads from the top1 taking three threads on the needle1 and leaving four2 and so proceeding alternately until one quarter is gathered4 ,fasten the thread by twisting it round a pin2 stroke the gathers1 so that they lie evenly and neatly1 with a strong needle or pin4 ,you then proceed as before1 until all the gathers are gathered4 ,then take out the pins1 and regulate the gathers of each quarter so as to correspond with those of the piece to which it is to be sewed4 ,the gathers are then to be fastened on1 one at a time2 and the stitches must be in a slanting direction4 ,the part to be gathered must be cut quite even before commencing1 or else it will be impossible to make the gathering look well4 #fcc4 ,double ,gathering1 or ,puffing4--,this is sometimes employed in setting on frills1 and1 when executed properly1 has a pretty effect4 ,you first gather the top in the usual way2 then1 having stroked down the gathers1 you gather again under the first gathering1 and of such a depth as you wish the puffing to be4 ,you then sew on the first gathering to the gown1 frock1 c41 you design to trim1 at a distance corresponding with the width of the puffing1 and the second gathering sewed to the edge1 so as to form a full hem4 ,you may make a double hem1 if you please1 by gathering three times instead of only twice2 and one of the hems may be straight1 while the other is drawn to one side a little4 ,this requires much exactness in the execution1 but1 if properly done1 it gives a pleasing variety to the work4 #fcd4 ,german ,hemming4--,turn down both the raw edges once1 taking care so to do it as that both turns may be toward your person2 you then lay one below the other1 so as that the smooth edge of the nearest does not touch the other1 but lies just beneath it4 ,the lower one is then to be hemmed or felled to the piece against which you have laid it1 still holding it before you4 ,you are next to open your sleeve1 or whatever else you have been employed upon1 and1 laying the upper fold over the lower1 fell it down1 and the work is done4 #fce4 ,binding4--,various kinds of work have binding set on to them1 in preference to hemming them1 or working them in herring-bone stitch4 ,flannel is generally bound1 sometimes with a thin tape1 made for the purpose1 and called flannel binding4 ,it is also common to bind flannel with sarcenet riband4 ,the binding is so put on as to show but little over the edge on the right side1 where it is hemmed down neatly2 on the other side it is run on with small stitches4 #fcf4 ,braiding4--,silk braid looks pretty1 and is used for a variety of purposes4 ,in putting it on1 it is best to sew it with silk drawn out of the braid1 as it is a better match1 and the stitches will be less perceived4 #fcg4 ,marking4--,it is of essential importance that clothes should be marked and numbered4 ,this is often done with ink2 but as some1 persons like to mark with silk1 we shall describe the stitch4 ,two threads are to be taken each way of the cloth1 and the needle must be passed three ways1 in order that the stitch may be complete4 ,the first is aslant from the person1 toward the right hand2 the second is downward toward you2 and the third is the reverse of the first--that is1 aslant from you1 toward the left hand4 ,the needle is to be brought out at the corner of the stitch nearest to that you are about to make4 ,the shapes of the letters or figures can be learned from an inspection of any common sampler4 #fch4 ,piping4--,this is much used in ornamenting children's and other dresses4 ,it is made by enclosing a card of the proper thickness in a strip of silk cut crosswise1 and must be put on as evenly as possible4 #fci4 ,plaiting4--,the plaits must be as even as it is possible to place them one against another4 ,in double plaiting1 they lie both ways1 and meet in the middle4 #fdj4 ,to keep ,thread1 ,sewing-silk1 c4--,in making up linen1 thread is much preferable to cotton4 ,sewing-silk should be folded up neatly in wash-leather1 and colored threads and cotton in paper1 as the air and light are likely to injure them4 ,buttons1 hooks and eyes1 and all metal implements1 when not in use1 should be kept folded up1 as exposure to the air not only tarnishes them1 but is likely to injure them in a variety of ways4 ,,instructions ,,in ,,the ,,preparation ,,of ,,house-,,linen4 #fda4 ,bedroom ,linen4--,this includes quilts1 blankets1 sheets1 pillow-covers1 towels1 table-covers and pincushion-covers4 #fdb4 ,quilts4--,these are of various sizes and qualities1 in accordance with the purposes to which they are applied4 ,they are generally made of the outside material and the lining--wadding or flannel being laid between--and stitched in diamonds or other devices4 ,the stitches must pass through the whole1 and the edges of the quilt are to be secured by a braiding or binding proper for the purpose4 ,they are best done in a frame4 #fdc4 ,blankets4--,these are generally bought1 ready-prepared for use4 ,it is sometimes necessary to work over the edges at the end1 which should be done with scarlet worsted1 in a very wide kind of button-hole stitch4 #fdd4 ,sheets4--,these are made of fine linen1 coarse linen1 and cotton-sheeting4 ,linen sheets are best for summer1 and many prefer them at all seasons4 ,if the sheeting is not sufficiently wide for the bed1 two lengths must be sewed together4 ,the seam up the middle must be sewed as neatly as possible1 and the ends may be either hemmed or seamed3 the latter is the preferable method4 ,sheets and all bedroom linen should be marked and numbered2 to add the date of the year is also an advantage4 #fde4 ,pillow-cases4--,these are made of fine or coarse linen1 and sometimes of cotton cloth4 ,the material should be of such a width as to correspond with the length of the pillow4 ,one yard and three nails1 doubled and seamed up1 is the proper size4 ,one end is seamed up1 and the other hemmed with a broad hem1 and furnished with strings or buttons as is deemed most convenient4 ,we think the preferable way of making pillow covers is to procure a material of a sufficient width1 when doubled1 to admit the pillow4 ,the selvages are then sewed together1 and the ends seamed and hemmed as before directed4 ,bolster covers are made in nearly the same manner1 only that a round patch is let into one end1 and a tape for a slot is run into the other4 #fdf4 ,towels4--,towels are made of diaper or huckaback1 of a quality adapted to the uses to which they are applicable4 ,they should be one yard long and about ten or twelve nails wide4 ,the best are bought single1 and are fringed at the ends4 ,others are neatly hemmed1 and sometimes have a tape-loop attached to them1 by which they can be suspended against a wall4 #fdg4 ,dressing ,table ,covers4--,these may be made of any material that is proper for the purpose4 ,fine diaper generally1 but sometimes dimity and muslin are employed1 or the table is covered with a kind of ,marseilles quilting1 which is prepared expressly for the purpose4 ,sometimes the covers are merely hemmed round1 but they look much neater if fringed1 or bordered with a moderately full frill4 ,sometimes a worked border is set on4 ,all depends upon taste and fancy4 ,a neat and genteel appearance1 in accordance with the furniture of the apartment1 should be especially regarded4 #fdh4 ,pincushion ,covers4--,a large pincushion1 having two covers belonging to it1 should belong to each toilet table4 ,the covers are merely a bag into which the cushion is slipped4 ,they may be either worked or plain2 always of white muslin or linen cambric2 and should have small tassels at each corner1 and a frill or fringe all round4 #fdi4 ,table ,linen4--,this department of plain needlework comprises table-cloths1 dinner-napkins1 and large and small tray napkins4 #fej4 ,table-cloths4--,these may be purchased either singly1 or cut from the piece4 ,in the latter case the ends should be hemmed as neatly as possible1 and marked and numbered4 #fea4 ,dinner ,napkins4--,these are of various materials2 if cut from the piece1 they must be hemmed at the ends the same as table-cloths4 ,large and small tray napkins and knife-box cloths1 are made in the same manner4 ,the hemming of all these should be extremely neat4 ,it is a pretty and light employment for very young ladies2 little girls even should do this work1 and thus early acquire habits of neatness and usefulness1 which will prove useful in after life4 #feb4 ,housemaid and ,kitchen ,linen4--,in the housemaid's department1 paint cloths1 old and soft1 and chamber bottle cloths1 fine and soft1 are to be provided4 ,to these must be added dusters1 flannels for scouring1 chamber bucket-cloths1 which last should be of a kind and color different from everything else4 ,all these must be neatly hemmed and run1 or seamed if necessary4 ,nothing1 in a well-directed family1 should bear the impress of neglect1 or be suffered to assume an untidy appearance4 #fec4 ,clothes-bags4--,clothes-bags of different sizes should also be provided1 of two yards in length1 and either one breadth doubled1 in which case only one seam will be required1 or of two breadths1 which makes the bags more suitable for large articles of clothing4 ,these bags are to be seamed up neatly at the bottom1 and to have strings which will draw run in at the top4 ,the best material is canvas1 or strong unbleached linen4 ,in the kitchen department1 you will require both table and dresser cloths1 which should be made as neat as possible4 #fed4 ,mending4--,in cutting up an old garment1 it is a great advantage to have a portion of the same material new4 ,for this reason1 when purchasing cloth for a new garment1 buy a little additional quantity for repairs1 and take care that it is kept for that purpose1 and not wasted in any way4 ,it was formerly the custom with all careful women1 when buying a dress1 to buy an extra yard for new sleeving4 ,to be sure a gown was then more expensive than now2 but it should be remembered1 that if six gowns can be bought for the money that used to buy three or four1 they cannot be made up in the same time at home1 nor for the same money if put out4 ,any tolerably handy woman1 though she may not choose to venture upon cutting out and making a new dress1 may repair one1 having the old pattern and lining to work by1 and the very creases and stitches for a guide4 ,if1 by so doing1 a gown will wear half as long again1 the price of a little over-quantity at first1 and a few hours employed on the work1 are well bestowed4 ,the same remark applies to the garments of men4 ,unless these be bought ready-made1 the pieces should be carefully laid by for repairs4 ,in children's clothing1 these alterations and repairs are often needed4 #fee4 ,patchwork4--,many improvements may be made in patchwork that most of us have been accustomed to see for years4 ,it is a kind of needlework very interesting for little girls2 and old ladies frequently resort to this for amusement by their cosy firesides1 during the long winter evenings1 when tired of reading4 #fef4 ,of the ,materials4--,the materials necessary for patchwork are such portions of wearing apparel1 whether cloth1 calico1 linen1 holland1 silk1 velvet1 cotton1 c41 such as would otherwise be thrown away1 or saved for the rag-man4 ,no matter how small the portion1 every scrap has its use4 ,the next necessary article is some stiff paper--old envelopes1 backs of letters1 brown paper1 c41 to form the shapes2 lastly1 the design--shapes1 cut out in tin1 and the designs themselves4 ,the materials should be arranged into shades and qualities4 ,after having been cut to required sizes1 and the irregularities of the edges neatly repaired1 they are ready for use4 #feg4 ,patterns4--,the patterns may be varied ad infinitum1 if the person possesses the least talent for drawing2 but for the sake of those who may not be able to do this1 we submit the following simple and effective designs to be executed in any of the materials4 #feh4 ,to make the ,patchwork4--,the pattern should be placed before the person1 and the shades being selected1 the several pieces arranged so as to form the design1 and the edges then neatly sewed together2 after which they are either pressed1 or ironed1 the papers removed1 and the lining proceeded with4 ,when silks and velvets are employed1 it improves the effect to combine the two1 taking the silk for the lighter1 and the velvet for the darker shades2 or1 as in figures #e1 #f1 #h1 and #aa1 to have silk for the lighter shades1 and two velvets for the others1 shaded to pattern4 ,a very pretty effect is produced by combining ,holland and calico1 silk and satin1 silk or satin and velvet1 and rough and fine cloth4 ,the various articles that may be manufactured1 are quilts in colored and white calico2 anti-macassars in silks2 ottomans in silks and velvets1 silks and cloth2 table-covers in silks and cloth2 cushions for chairs or sofas1 in silks2 and mats1 rugs1 and carpets1 in cloth4 ,we have seen many useful white quilts for children's cots1 made from the cuttings remaining after shirt making4 ,the centre might be of ,holland and calico1 pattern #aj1 fig4 #e1 and then fig4 #g1 with a fringe border1 knitted4 ,numerous rugs might be made in colored cloths1 to look equal to carpets1 for poor people1 and wear much better4 ,illustration3 ,figs4 #a-f ,illustration3 ,figs4 #g-aa ,illustration3 ,,an ,,elegant ,,musnud ,,for ,a ,,sofa4 #fei4 ,the materials required1 consist of braid of various hues1 purse-silk of different shades1 bed-ticking1 feathers1 down1 horse-hair1 or worsted ends2 the design-shapes1 some cord for pipings1 the various colored cloths1 silks1 c41 and a curtain-ring or a piece of cardboard for the centre4 ,the size varies from fifteen to eighteen inches in diameter1 according to taste4 ,the colors cannot be fixed1 because it depends much upon taste1 but we have made the elegant musnud given p4 #afj1 by placing cobalt as the right hand centre-piece1 then 7proceeding from right to left7 white1 salmon1 purple1 crimson1 amber1 pea-green1 and madder-brown4 ,the handles are amber1 the side brown1 and the back purple4 ,it is better1 in combining or arranging all colors for patchwork1 to keep as near as possible to the harmony observed by ,nature2 therefore1 to attend to the same order displayed in the case of a refracted ray of light1 viz41 violet1 indigo1 blue1 green1 yellow1 orange1 and red1 adding1 in this case1 white1 to represent the ray in its natural state before refraction or dispersion of its colors took place4 ,to make the ,musnud4--,cut two circles of fifteen or eighteen inches in diameter in bed-ticking1 and a strip of the same material three inches deep1 and thrice the length of the diameter2 make into the usual shape1 and stuff with feathers1 down1 horse-hair1 or the refuse ends of worsted4 ,cut out two handles as in the design1 of the same material1 and sew them on4 ,rub the inside of the bed-ticking with a lump of bees'-wax previous to making up the musnud1 7as it prevents the feathers and dust working through17 and tack the centre down4 ,cut out the back in a piece of purple moreen1 or any other material1 then cut four strips of brown cashmere1 each three inches deep and five long1 join these neatly together to form the side1 and braid the following design in bright yellow on it1 finishing the veining of the leaves in chain-stitch with purse silk4 ,the wedge-shaped pieces should now be cut out in the various colored cloths1 c41 and braided as in the design1 four being braided with floral1 and four with fancy designs4 ,each piece should measure nine inches in length and six inches and three-quarters in breadth at the outer part4 ,the centre piece should measure two inches and a quarter in diameter1 be of a dark brown1 and braided with a bright yellow star4 ,to cover the musnud1 sew the pieces neatly together1 and cover the joining with narrow strips of dark brown cloth1 braided in bright yellow to resemble a chain2 cover the curtain ring1 or circular piece of card-board1 with the central piece1 and sew it on4 ,now affix the pipings cut crossways out of brown cloth1 and cover the handles with amber-colored material1 braid and pipe them2 join the back to the side with an intervening piping1 slip the musnud into the lower covering1 and sew on the top4 ,in braiding the patterns1 the purple ground should have a scarlet braid4 ,the brown1 yellow4 ,in finishing the braiding1 it will require the occasional aid of some chain-stitch work in purse-silk1 for the veinings of the leaves1 stamens1 tendrils1 c4 ,note4--,this particularity in arranging colors and patterns may seem very trifling to some people2 but rules are required in all finished work4 ,habits of attention are an important part of education1 or1 rather1 are indispensable to a well-trained mind4 ,therefore1 we say1 be particular to do all you undertake in a proper manner2 and if you are making patchwork1 aim at perfection of its kind4 ,but never fall in love with your own creations1 and worship them as idols2 and never neglect common household duties for fanciful needlework4 ,remember1 also1 that reading is more refining to the taste than finger-work2 and that to read well is a much higher accomplishment than any mere skill in counting stitches and matching shades4 ,,for ,,silk ,,embroidery4 #ffj4 ,useful ,patterns for working in ,cord1 ,silk1 and ,muslin4--,these are what are called endless patterns1 to be worked in cord4 ,these fashions for embroidering the borders of cloaks1 pelisses1 sacques1 c41 on merino1 or fine cassimere1 or flannel1 with silk1 are to be wrought with coarse or fine silk1 or with a mixture of the two1 according to the degree of intricacy or simplicity in the parts of the pattern4 ,we give two designs2 from these1 other combinations may be made1 to suit the fancy of the embroiderer4 ,illustration3 7,two ',endless ,patterns' for borders of cloaks etc47 ,,silk ,,embroidery1 ,,another ,,way4 ,see p4 #afd4 #ffa4--;,in these patterns for embroidering the borders of cloaks1 pelisses1 sacques1 c41 on merino1 or fine cassimere1 or flannel1 with silk1 are to be wrought with coarse or fine silk1 or with a mixture of the two1 according to the degree of intricacy or simplicity in the parts of the pattern4 ,these patterns are equally serviceable for muslin1 or any other material4 ,no4 #a1 to be worked on fine flannel or merino1 with a mixture of coarse and fine silk4 ,no4 #b1 to be worked on flannel or merino1 with fine silk4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #a4 ,no4 #b4 #ffb4 ,sewing on glazed ,calico4--,by passing a cake of white soap a few times over a piece of glazed calico1 or any other stiffened material1 the needle will penetrate as easily as through any other kind of work4 #ffc4 ,to make ,glass ,jars to look like ,china4--,paint figures to resemble those in ,china jars1 and cut them out so that none of the white paper remains2 then1 with thick gum-arabic water1 fasten them to the inside of the glass4 ,let them stand to dry for twenty-four hours4 ,then wipe off with a wet cloth the gum-arabic on the glass between the prints1 and let them stand a few hours longer4 ,then take white wax and flake white1 ground very fine1 and melt them together4 ,with a japanning-brush go over all the glass above the prints3 done in this manner1 they will hold water4 ,for a blue ground1 use white wax and ,prussian blue1 ground fine2 for red1 wax and vermilion1 or carmine2 for green1 wax and verdigris2 for chocolate1 wax and burnt umber4 #ffd4 ,to give ,plaster ,figures the appearance of ,marble4--,put into a well-glazed earthen vessel1 four pounds of clear water and one ounce of pure curd soap1 grated2 add one ounce of white bees'-wax1 cut into thin slices4 ,let them dissolve over a slow fire4 ,as soon as the whole is incorporated1 it is fit for use4 ,let the figure be thoroughly dried1 then suspend it by a twine1 and dip it once into the varnish2 upon taking it out1 the varnish will appear to have been absorbed2 in two minutes' time1 stir the compost1 and dip it a second time1 which is generally sufficient4 ,cover it carefully from the dust for a week2 then1 with a soft muslin rag1 rub the figure gently1 when a most brilliant gloss will be produced4 #ffe4 ,to improve ,plaster ,casts4--,brush them over with size1 and1 when dry1 varnish them with copal varnish4 #fff4 ,to dissolve ,putty4--,to remove old putty from glazed frames1 brush over it pearlash and slaked stone-burnt lime1 mixed to the thickness of paint4 ,,anglo-,,japanese ,,work4 ,illustration3 7,example of ,anglo-,japanese work2 a jewellry box74 #ffg4 ,this elegant and most useful work is very easy in its execution1 while the means and appliances for its performance are within the reach of every one4 ,the materials are simply yellow withered leaves1 a little dissolved gum1 black paint1 and copal varnish3 while the objects to be ornamented may be a box1 cupboard1 table1 c41 in fact1 any old furniture that has been rendered unsightly by age or long use4 ,a plain deal box1 costing about a shilling1 may by this process1 so far as the outside goes1 be converted into a costly-looking dressing-case4 ,an exquisite chess-board may be made1 with very little skill1 from a square piece of deal4 ,flower-pots1 pole-screens1 folding and hand-screens1 may all be decorated in this manner1 and1 from untidy-looking lumber1 may be converted into articles of use1 elegance1 and beauty2 and this at a merely nominal expense1 taste being the chief requisite in the production4 ,the employment forms one of the most agreeable and pleasing amusements for summer days and winter evenings2 in the summer1 giving a purpose and an aim to many a joyous ramble1 for in these desultory walks a goodly collection may be made of ,nature's ambered jewels4 ,all leaves that are small1 of uneven shape1 and serrated at the edges1 are well adapted for this work4 ,as they are collected1 they should be placed between sheets of paper1 but not close together1 then pressed by placing a board on the top1 with a weight upon it1 to express any moisture that may be therein1 and to render them quite flat4 ,in the autumn1 the sweet-scented geranium-leaves1 the maple1 thorn1 chrysanthemum1 wild parsley1 fern1 and a multitude of others1 may be found1 including the smaller sycamore and small vine-leaves2 but they must all have turned of a golden hue1 or reddish-tinted yellow4 ,prepare the article to be ornamented1 thus3--,first rub the surface smoothly down with sand-paper2 then coat it over with black paint1 which can be procured1 ready-mixed1 at any oil-shop2 when dry1 rub it down smoothly with pumice-stone1 and give two more coats4 ,when these are dry1 arrange the leaves on the surface in a careless manner1 but not in groups1 unless preferred4 ,butterflies drawn1 and colored yellow with gamboge1 or cut out of prints1 and then colored1 may be stuck at different spaces with advantage2 but there should be no other color than the brown and different tints of yellow in the leaves4 ,gum the wrong side of the leaf1 and press it on in its appointed place with a hard tuft of wadding1 fastened tightly up in a piece of silk4 ,continue this with the whole of the leaves2 and when they are all gummed on1 dissolve some gelatine or isinglass in warm water1 and while rather warm1 brush it well over every portion of the work1 using the brush entirely one way1 not forward and back4 ,when dry1 give the work three coats of the best copal varnish1 letting the article remain a day or two between each coat4 ,this process1 though elaborate in detail1 is easily and even quickly done1 and will well repay any trouble that may be taken1 as1 with a renewed coat of varnish every five or six years1 it will remain1 as long as the wood will hold together1 as bright in appearance as when first finished4 #ffh4 ,sealing ,wax ,varnish4--,for fancy work1 this has1 of late years1 been much used1 and if well applied1 and the wax good1 will be a very good imitation of ,india ,japan4 ,the method of making the varnish or japan is very easy1 being simply reducing the wax to a coarse powder1 and pouring the best spirits of wine on it in a bottle1 and letting it gradually dissolve without heat1 shaking the bottle occasionally till it is all dissolved4 ,a two-ounce stick of the best wax will be enough for a quarter of a pint of spirits4 ,recollect that much depends on the goodness of the sealing-wax2 and that you may vary the color of the varnish by using different colored wax4 ,as this varnish dries very quickly1 it should not be made until it is wanted for use4 #ffi4 ,method of preparing the ,composition used for ,colored ,drawings and ,prints1 so as to make them resemble ,paint in ,oil4--,take of ,canada ,balsam1 one ounce2 spirit of turpentine1 two ounces2 mix them together4 ,before this composition is applied1 the drawing or print should be sized with a solution of isinglass in water1 and when dry1 apply the varnish with a camel-hair brush4 #fgj4 ,oil and ,water ,gilding4--,in oil gilding1 the frame is first covered with a composition of whiting and parchment size1 then with a coating of oil gold size1 7a kind of varnish17 upon which when nearly dry1 gold leaf is applied4 #fga4 ,in ,water ,gilding1 a size mixed with water is used4 ,parts of the frame are burnished1 other parts left dead4 ,this is the most beautiful and expensive style of gilding1 but it does not bear washing as oil gilding does4 ,the ,carver and ,gilder1 published by ,knight1 furnishes much useful information on this subject4 #fgb4 ,to mount ,prints or ,maps4--,upon a table1 floor1 or board1 stretch a piece of calico or smooth canvas1 by first fixing it with tacks along one side1 then straining it tightly with one hand1 and driving the tacks with the other3 nail the remaining edges1 leaving no wrinkles on the surface4 ,paste the back of the print or map1 fold it together1 and let it remain until the paper is soaked1 then open it1 and place it evenly on the canvas1 cover it with a sheet of clean paper1 and beginning in the middle1 rub it down carefully with the hand1 going from the centre all round to the edges1 until all the air is excluded1 and the paper adheres closely to the canvas4 ,when quite dry1 with a large camel-hair brush lay on a coating of parchment size1 repeating this when dry3 then varnish with mastic varnish4 ,parchment size is made by boiling parchment cuttings in water1 until it forms a jelly when cold4 ,mastic varnish may be procured at oil and color-shops4 #fgc4 ,new ,camera ,lucida4--,sir ,john ,robinson devised1 a few years since1 a cheap and easily-used camera lucida1 applicable to the delineation of flowers and other small objects4 ,a piece of plate glass is made to stand in a vertical position by means of a support4 ,it rests on a table covered with white paper1 and the object is placed on the paper on one side of the glass4 ,on looking down from that side of the glass diagonally1 an image of the object is seen on the paper on the other side1 and a drawing of it can be readily taken4 #fgd4 ,varnish for ,oil ,pictures4--,according to the number of your pictures1 take the whites of the same number of eggs1 and an equal number of pieces of sugar-candy1 the size of a hazel-nut1 dissolved1 and mix it with a tea-spoonful of brandy2 beat the whites of your eggs to a froth1 and let it settle2 take the clear1 put it to your brandy and sugar1 mix them well together1 and varnish over your pictures with it4 ,this is much better than any other varnish1 as it is easily washed off when your pictures want cleaning again4 #fge4 ,to take ,impressions of ,butterflies' ,wings4--,lay the wings gently on paper1 wet with gum arabic water1 and nearly dry2 a copy will be left when the wing is removed1 but inferior in beauty to the wing itself4 ,it is better to gum the wings themselves on paper1 and paint the body of the fly in its natural position4 #fgf4 ,to preserve the ,eggs of ,birds4--,first clean them of their contents4 ,this may be done with the larger eggs by making a hole on one side large enough to admit a quill1 and shaking out the contents4 ,then wash them well with a solution of camphor1 not too strong1 or it will make them brittle4 ,when dry1 fasten them with gum on the side in which the hole was made to a piece of card board1 and write the name under each4 ,as the colors of many of them are perishable1 to preserve them give them a slight coating of varnish4 ,the best varnish for this purpose is isinglass dissolved in gin4 ,in cleaning the smaller eggs1 make a hole at each end1 a little to one side1 and blow them4 ,the camphor solution need not be used4 #fgg4 ,to make ,artificial ,coral4--,melt together four parts of yellow resin and one part of vermilion4 ,dip twigs1 cinders or stones in this1 and when dry they will resemble coral4 #fgh4 ,an ,excellent ,pen-,wiper for ,steel ,pens4--,fill a short1 wide-mouthed vial with shot1 the smaller the better4 ,whenever it is necessary to clean the pen1 rub it up and down in the shot4 ,this is much more effectual than cloth wipers1 and the shot will last a life-time4 #fgi4 ,to preserve ,steel ,pens4--,metallic pens may be preserved from rusting by throwing into the bottle containing the ink a few nails1 or broken pieces of steel pens1 if not varnished4 ,the corrosive action of the acid which the ink contains is expended on the iron so introduced1 and will not therefore affect the pen4 #fhj4 ,black ,paper for drawing ,patterns4--,mix and smooth lamp-black and sweet oil2 with a bit of flannel cover a sheet or two of large writing-paper with this mixture2 then dab the paper dry with a bit of fine linen1 and keep it by for using in the following manner3--,put the black side on another sheet of paper1 and fasten the corners together with small pins4 ,lay on the back of the black paper the pattern to be drawn1 and go over it with the point of a steel pencil2 the black paper will then leave the impression of the pattern on the under sheet1 on which you must draw it with ink4 ,if you draw patterns on cloth or muslin1 do it with a pen dipped in a bit of stone blue1 a bit of sugar1 and a little water1 mixed smooth in a teacup1 in which it will be always ready for use1 if fresh3 wet to a due consistence as wanted4 #fha4 ,to make ,transparent ,paper for ,drawing4--,tracing paper is readily made by taking a sheet of very thin silk1 or other paper1 and rubbing it over gently with some soft substance1 filled with a mixture of equal parts of drying oil1 and oil of turpentine1 which1 being suspended and dried1 will be fit for use in a few days2 or it may be had at any of the shops4 ,lay this transparent material on the print or drawing to be transferred1 and1 with a sharp black lead pencil1 trace the outlines exactly as they appear through the paper4 ,if more permanent or stronger lines are wished1 ink mixed with ox-gall will be necessary to make it adhere to the oiled surface4 #fhb4 ,transparent ,paper4--,wet some fine paper with a feather on both sides with a thin layer of rosin1 dissolved in spirits of wine4 ,it will then serve to put over anything you wish to take off4 #fhc4 ,method of using ,tracing ,paper4--,take a piece of the size required1 and rub it equally over1 on one side1 with black lead1 reduced to a powder1 till the surface will not readily soil a finger2 then lay a piece of white paper with the leaded side of this paper next to it1 under the print1 and securing them firmly together with pins at the corners1 proceed to take the outlines with a blunt point1 and some degree of pressure1 which will transfer the lead to the clean paper precisely in the direction the point passed over the print2 this may be corrected with the black lead pencil1 and cleansed of any soil by the crumbs of stale bread4 #fhd4 ,method of setting ,pencil ,drawings4--,a solution of alum water1 in which the drawing is to be dipped 7not washed on with a brush1 as it would smear7 will answer the purpose extremely well4 #fhe4 ,wash for preserving ,drawings made with ,black ,lead ,pencil1 or with hard ,black ,chalk4--,a thin wash of isinglass will fix either black lead or hard black chalk1 c41 so as to prevent their rubbing out2 or the same effect may be produced by the simple application of skimmed milk4 ,the best way of using the latter1 is1 to lay the drawing flat upon the surface of the milk1 and then1 taking it up expeditiously1 to hang it by the one corner till it drains and dries4 ,the milk must be perfectly free from cream1 or it will grease the paper4 #fhf4 ,to make ,red ,sealing ,wax4--,to every ounce of shell-lac take half an ounce each of resin and vermilion1 all reduced to a fine powder4 ,melt them over a moderate fire2 and when thoroughly incorporated and sufficiently cool1 form the composition into what are called sticks4 ,on account of the dearness of shell-lac1 seed-lac is usually substituted4 ,a more ordinary sort1 but sufficiently good for most occasions1 may be made by mixing equal parts of resin and shell-lac with two parts of red lead and one of vermilion4 ,in a still commoner sort1 the vermilion is often entirely omitted4 ,,marking ,,ink4 #fhg4 ,mix in six drachms of distilled water1 two drachms of sub-nitrate of silver1 and two drachms of gum-arabic4 ,for the mordant1 mix with four ounces of water1 half an ounce of gum-arabic1 and half an ounce of sub-carbonate of soda4 ,the article to be marked should first be wetted with the mordant1 and pressed smooth1 and should be thoroughly dried before it is written upon4 ,the mark should be exposed to the light for some time1 to become black4 #fhh4 ,permanent ,red ,ink for marking ,linen4--,this useful preparation1 which was contrived by ,dr4 ,smellie1 of ,edinburgh1 who was originally a printer in that city1 may be used either with types1 a hair pencil1 or even with a pen3 ,take half an ounce of vermillion1 and a drachm of salt of steel2 let them be finely levigated with linseed oil1 to the thickness or limpidity required for the occasion4 ,this has not only a very good appearance1 but will1 it is said1 be found perfectly to resist the effects of acids1 as well as of all alkaline leys4 ,it may be made of other colors1 by substituting the proper articles instead of vermillion4 #fhi4 ,an ,indelible ,ink for marking ,linen4--,pour a little aqua-fortis into a cup1 and add to it a small piece of pure silver2 when the effervescence ceases1 filter the solution through a piece of blotting-paper1 and put it into a small phial2 then add to it a little gum-arabic and a little of the paint1 called sap-green4 ,after the whole is perfectly combined it is then fit for use4 #fij4 ,to take out ,writing4--,when recently written1 ink may be completely removed by the oxymuriatic acid 7concentrated and in solution74 ,the paper is to be washed over repeatedly with the acid2 but it will be necessary afterwards to wash it also with lime-water1 for the purpose of neutralizing any acid that may be left on the paper1 and which would considerably weaken it4 ,but if the ink have been long written1 it will have undergone such a change as to prevent the preceding process from taking effect4 ,it ought therefore to be washed with liver of sulphur 7sulphuret of ammonia71 before the oxymuriatic acid is applied4 ,it may be washed with a hair pencil4 #fia4 ,to make ,old ,writing legible4--,take six bruised gall-nuts1 and put them to a pint of strong white wine2 let it stand in the sun for forty-eight hours4 ,dip a brush in it and wash the writing1 and by the color you will discover whether the mixture is strong enough of the galls4 #fib4 ,sympathetic ,ink4--,with a clean pen write on paper with a solution of muriate of cobalt1 so diluted with water1 that the writing when dry will be invisible4 ,on gently warming the paper1 the writing will appear of a blue or greenish color1 which will disappear again when cool4 ,a solution of muriate of copper forms a yellow and sympathetic ink1 and acetate of cobalt a rose or purple4 ,if a landscape be drawn representing a winter scene1 the paper being overlaid where the foliage should be with the green sympathetic ink1 then1 on gently warming the drawing1 it will represent summer4 ,sky and water may be drawn with the blue1 and standing corn with the yellow ink4 #fic4 ,blue ,ink4--,dissolve a small quantity of indigo in a little oil of vitriol1 and add a sufficient quantity of water1 in which gum-arabic has been dissolved4 #fid4 ,yellow ,ink4--,dissolve gamboge in a solution of gum-arabic4 #fie4 ,scarlet ,ink4--,dissolve vermilion in a solution of gum-arabic4 #fif4 ,red ,ink4--,boil one ounce of ,brazil wood in half-a-pint of water for a quarter of an hour2 add to the decoction three drachms of gum-arabic1 and an ounce of alum4 #fig4 ,green ,ink4--,verdigris1 two ounces2 cream of tartar1 one ounce2 water1 half a pint2 boil till reduced to one half1 and filter4 #fih4 ,excellent ,writing ,ink4--,boil eight ounces of galls in coarse powder1 and four ounces of logwood in thin chips1 in twelve pints of rain water1 for one hour3 strain the liquor1 and add four ounces of green copperas1 three ounces of powdered gum-arabic1 one ounce of blue vitriol1 and one ounce of rock candy1 powdered2 stir the mixture until the whole be dissolved1 then let it subside twenty-four hours2 decant it very steadily1 and put it into stone bottles for use4 ,a clove kept in it will prevent it from becoming mouldy4 #fii4 ,black ,ink4--,to make one gallon1 take of pounded blue nutgalls one pound2 copperas1 six ounces2 gum common1 four ounces2 soft water1 one gallon4 ,dissolve the gum separately by the fire1 and add1 after it has boiled a quarter of an hour4 ,let the ink be boiled over a slow fire three-quarters of an hour4 #gjj4 ,to make ,ink4--,to four ounces of bruised galls1 allow two of copperas and two of gum-arabic2 put the galls into a large bottle1 with three pints of rain water2 and1 in three or four days1 dissolve the gum in hot water1 and add it with the copperas4 ,shake the bottle frequently for some days4 ,a few cloves may be put into the bottle1 to prevent the ink from moulding4 #gja4 ,ink ,powder4--,take five ounces of the cleanest nutgalls1 bruise them1 and sift the powder very fine2 then add one ounce of white copperas1 two ounces of ,roman vitriol1 gum-arabic1 half an ounce2 pound and sift them very fine4 ,an ounce of this powder will make a pint of very black ink4 #gjb4 ,to prevent ,ink from moulding4--,half-a-dozen cloves1 bruised with gum-arabic1 are to be put into the bottle4 ,if a very fine ink is wanted1 white wine1 or vinegar and water1 should be used1 instead of water alone4 #gjc4 ,to make ,indian ,ink4--,put six lighted wicks into a dish of oil2 hang an iron or tin concave cover over it1 so as to receive all the smoke2 when there is a sufficient quantity of soot settled to the cover1 then take it off gently with a feather upon a sheet of paper1 and mix it up with gum-tragacanth to a proper consistence4 ,n4 ,b4 ,the clearest oil makes the finest soot1 consequently the best ink4 #gjd4 ,indian ,ink4--,take horse-beans1 burn them till they are perfectly black1 grind them to a fine powder1 and1 with weak gum-arabic water make it into a paste1 and form it into long square cakes4 #gje4 ,to make ,china ,ink4--,take dried black horse-beans1 burn them to a powder1 mix them up with gum-arabic water1 and bring them to a mass2 press it well1 and let it dry4 ,,management ,,of ,,canary-,,birds4 #gjf4 ,canary-birds1 that are kept tame1 will breed three or four times in the year4 ,towards the middle of ,march1 begin to match your birds1 putting one cock and hen into the breeding-cage1 which should be large1 so that the birds may have room to fly and exercise themselves4 ,place two boxes or little basket-nests in the cage1 for the hen to lay her eggs in1 because she will sometimes have a second brood before the first are fit to fly1 leaving the care of them to the father-bird1 who feeds and brings them up with much care1 while she is sitting on her second nest of eggs4 ,whilst your birds are pairing1 feed them1 besides the usual seeds1 with the yolks of hard-boiled eggs1 bread that has been moistened1 or1 if hard1 grated fine1 and pounded almond-meat4 ,when the young birds are to be fed1 give the same soft food1 and be sure have it fresh every day2 also furnish the old birds with fresh greens1 such as cabbage-lettuce1 chick weed1 groundsel1 c4 ,give fresh water every day1 and a clean bath every morning4 ,the hen lays1 commonly1 four or five eggs1 and sits fourteen days4 ,when the young are hatched1 leave them to the care of the old birds1 to nurse and bring up till they can fly and feed themselves1 which is1 usually1 in about twenty days4 #gjg4 ,gold and ,silver ,fish4--,pure rain-water is best to keep these delicate little creatures in2 they should never be put into water that has been boiled4 ,it is a good plan to throw them in the morning into a large bowl of fresh water1 with a few bread-crumbs in it1 and let them remain there an hour4 ,then put them in pure fresh water in their vases4 ,the water should be changed every day4 ,if the bread remains in the water to become sour1 it will kill the fish4 #gjh4 ,improvement in the management of ,bees4--,the improvement is that of having double skeps or hives1 the one on the top of the other4 ,when the lower skep is filled with honey1 it is to be removed after the bees are admitted 7through a passage which is made to be opened7 into the upper skep2 into this skep food must be put1 and the bees will remain there1 and go on with their work in it4 ,when it is filled with honey1 the former skep1 with food in it1 may be replaced1 and the bees again admitted into it4 ,the full skep is then to be taken away4 ,this change of the skeps must always be made about midsummer2 and by thus annually removing the full one1 more honey will be collected than is usual1 and the bees will not be destroyed4 #gji4 ,to preserve ,flowers in ,water4--,mix a little carbonate of soda with the water1 and it will preserve the flowers for a fortnight4 ,common saltpetre is also a good preservative4 #gaj4 ,to preserve ,flowers in ,winter4--,take the latest buds just as they are ready to open2 cut them off1 leaving the stem about three inches long2 cover the end of the stem with melted sealing-wax1 and when the buds are a little withered1 wrap them separately in paper1 and place them in a dry box4 ,when you wish to have the buds blossom1 cut off the sealed end1 and put them into water in which a little saltpetre has been dissolved4 ,in twelve hours the buds will be open4 #gaa4 ,to take ,impressions of ,leaves4--,dissolve in a saucerful of water about a tea-spoonful of bichromate of potash4 ,pass the paper to be used through this solution1 and1 while wet1 press the leaves lightly upon it1 and expose it to the sun when it is shining brightly4 ,when perfectly dry1 remove the leaves1 and a fac-simile will be left in a light lemon shade1 while the rest of the paper will be of a dark brown4 #gab4 ,to preserve the natural color in ,petals of dried ,flowers4--,immerse the petals for some minutes in alcohol4 ,the colors will fade at first1 but in a short time they will resume1 permanently1 their natural tint4 #gac4 ,to revive faded ,flowers4--,nearly all flowers may be revived1 when faded1 by placing one-third of the stalks in hot water2 when it has become cold1 the flowers will be re-set and fresh2 the end of the stalks should then be cut off and the flowers put into cold water4 ,or1 dip flowers in spirits of wine for twenty minutes2 at first they will appear to have entirely faded2 but in drying1 the colors will revive1 and the fragrance be prolonged4 ,a few grains of salt put into the water with flowers1 will keep them from fading4 ,sand may be substituted for water4 ,flowers may be preserved throughout the winter1 if plucked when they are half-blown1 dipped1 stalks downward1 in equal quantities of water and verjuice mixed1 and sprinkled with bay salt4 ,they should be kept in an earthenware vessel1 closely covered1 and in a warm place2 when1 in mid-winter1 if the flowers be taken out1 washed in cold water1 and held before a gentle fire1 they will open as if in their first bloom4 #gad4 ,to paint ,cloth1 ,cambric1 ,sarcenet1 c41 so as to render them ,transparent4--,grind to a fine powder three pounds of clear white resin1 and put it into two pounds of good nut-oil1 to which a strong drying quality has been given3 set the mixture over a moderate fire1 and keep stirring it till all the resin is dissolved2 then put in two pounds of the best ,venice turpentine1 and keep stirring the whole well together2 and if the cloth or cambric be thoroughly varnished on both sides with this mixture1 it will be quite transparent4 ,in this operation1 the surface upon which the varnish is to be applied1 must be stretched tight and made fast during the application4 ,this mode of rendering cloth1 c4 transparent1 is excellently adapted for window-blinds4 ,the varnish will likewise admit of any design in oil-colors being executed upon it as a transparency4 #gae4 ,varnish to prevent the rays of the ,sun from passing through the glasses of ,windows4--,pulverize gum-tragacanth1 and put it to dissolve for twenty-four hours in whites of eggs1 well beaten4 ,lay a coat of this on the panes of your windows1 with a soft brush1 and let it dry4 #gaf4 ,to stain paper or parchment ,yellow4--,paper may be stained of a beautiful yellow1 by the tincture of turmeric1 formed by infusing an ounce or more of the root1 powdered1 in a pint of spirit of wine4 ,this1 by the addition of water1 may be made to give any tint of yellow1 from the lightest straw to the full color called ,french yellow1 and will be equal in brightness even to the best dyed silks4 ,if yellow is wanted of a warmer or redder cast1 anotta1 or dragon's blood1 must be added to the tincture4 #gag4 ,to stain paper or parchment ,crimson4--,a very fine crimson stain may be given to paper1 by a tincture of the ,indian lake1 which may be made by infusing the lake some days in spirit of wine1 and then pouring off the tincture from the dregs4 #gah4 ,to stain paper or parchment ,green4--,paper or parchment may be stained green by the solution of verdigris in vinegar1 or by the crystals of verdigris dissolved in water2 also by the solution of copper in aquafortis1 made by adding filings of copper1 gradually1 to the aquafortis1 till no ebullition ensues2 or1 the spirit of salt may be substituted for the aquafortis4 ,,house-,,plants4 #gai4 ,plants require much light and fresh air2 a light garret is an excellent place for them2 even those which will not bear the outer air1 must have the air of the room frequently freshened by ventilation1 to preserve them in health4 ,they should not stand in a draught of air4 ,in frosty weather the windows should be kept close1 and at night1 the shutters4 ,in sharp frost1 instead of stirring out the fire1 leave a little on retiring to rest1 with a guard before it for security4 ,as a general rule1 never water plants while the sun shines4 ,the time should be in the evening1 or early in the morning1 unless it be confined to watering the roots1 in which case transplanted plants1 and others in a growing state1 may be watered at any time2 and1 if they are shaded from the sun1 they may also be watered over the tops4 ,the water1 if taken from a well or cold spring1 should be exposed one day to the sun1 otherwise it will chill the plants4 ,a small quantity only should be applied at a time1 that it may have the effect of refreshing rain4 ,rain water is the best for plants2 next river water2 hard spring water is the worst4 #gbj4 ,to air ,plants1 and ventilate ,rooms wherein they are contained4--,plants should have air1 every day in the year1 to make them grow well2 but this matter1 in sitting-rooms1 will not of course be regulated for their sakes1 especially in the colder seasons4 ,wherever placed1 however1 some attention should be paid to airing and ventilating the rooms regularly1 by opening the windows1 and occasionally the doors1 in order to excite a free circulation of air4 ,this should be done to a certain extent every day1 according to the state of the weather1 except in the time of severe frost1 when it would not be advisable to admit external air4 ,but at such times1 if bad weather be of long continuance1 the rooms may be ventilated by means of the doors1 and by exciting a current of air in the passages1 or other parts of the house4 ,in very severe frost1 or in a continuation of damp weather1 moderate fires should be made for the sake of the plants1 if placed in rooms not occupied4 ,the window shutters should also be closed at night4 #gba4 ,hints to ,lovers of ,flowers4--,a most beautiful and easily-attained show of evergreens may be had by a very simple plan1 which has been found to answer remarkably well on a small scale4 ,if geranium branches taken from luxuriant and healthy trees1 just before the winter sets in1 be cut as for slips1 and immersed in soap-water1 they will1 after drooping for a few days1 shed their leaves1 put forth fresh ones2 and continue in the finest vigor all the winter4 ,by placing a number of bottles thus filled in a flower-basket1 with moss to conceal the bottles1 a show of evergreens is easily insured for the whole season4 ,they require no fresh water4 #gbb4 ,bulbous ,roots4--,the time to put bulbous roots1 as the hyacinth1 narcissus1 and jonquil1 into glasses filled with water1 is from ,september to ,november1 and the earliest will begin blooming about ,christmas4 ,the glasses should be blue1 as that color best suits the roots2 put in water enough to cover the bulb one third2 let the water be soft1 change it once a week1 and put in a pinch of salt at each change4 ,keep the glasses in a moderately warm place1 and near to the light4 ,they should have fresh water about once in ten days4 ,the leaves should not be plucked off before they decay1 or the root will be deprived of much of its natural nourishment4 ,when they have decayed1 the bulbs should be taken up1 laid in the shade to dry1 cleaned1 and kept in sand in a dry place till wanted to replant4 ,the offsets should be taken off1 and planted according to size4 #gbc4 ,geraniums4--,the shrubby kinds are commonly increased by cuttings1 which1 if planted in ,june or ,july1 and placed in the shade1 will take root in five weeks4 ,they are the most tender1 and when placed out of doors1 should be defended from strong winds1 and be so placed as to enjoy the sun till eleven o'clock in the morning4 ,as the shrubby kinds grow fast1 so as to fill the pots with their roots1 and push them through the opening at the bottom1 they should be moved every two or three weeks in summer1 and the fresh roots cut off4 ,they should also be newly potted twice in the summer3 once about a month after they are placed abroad1 and again towards the end of ,august4 ,when this is done1 all the roots outside the earth should be pared off1 and as much of the old earth removed as can be done without injuring the plants4 ,they should then be planted in a larger pot2 some fresh earth should first be laid at the bottom1 and on that the plant should be placed1 so that the old earth adhering to it may be about an inch below the rim of the pot2 it should next be filled up1 and the pot slightly shaken3 the earth must then be gently pressed down at the top1 leaving a little space for water to be given without running over the rim2 finally1 the plant should be liberally watered1 and the stem fastened to a stake1 to prevent the wind displacing the roots before they are newly fixed4 ,as the branches grow1 and new leaves are formed at the top of them1 the lower ones may die1 and should be plucked off every week4 ,geranium slips should be planted in ,may1 ,june1 or ,july1 taking only the last year's shoots1 from which the leaves must be stripped4 ,when planted1 give them water1 and place them in the shade3 when they have taken root1 let them have the sun in the morning4 ,the slips chosen for cutting should not be such as bear flowers2 and they should be inserted about half their length in the earth4 ,geraniums1 except the shrubby kinds1 require shelter from frost only1 and should have free air admitted to them1 when the weather is not very severe4 ,in sultry weather1 they should all be watered liberally every morning1 except some few of a succulent nature1 which must be watered sparingly2 the latter may be known by plucking a leaf from them4 ,geraniums may be watered three times a week1 when not frosty1 in winter4 #gbd4 ,artificial ,mould for ,plants4--,russian potash1 one drachm2 water1 four ounces2 one tea-spoonful of oil4 ,mix the whole well together4 ,seeds put in this mixture will grow for a time at least1 as well as if planted in common soil4 #gbe4 ,to take ,impressions of ,plants4--,take half a sheet of fine paper1 and cover the surface with sweet oil2 let it stand a minute or two1 then rub off the superficial oil1 and hang the paper in the air2 when almost dry1 move the paper slowly over the flame of a candle or lamp1 till it is perfectly black2 lay on it the plant or leaf1 place a piece of clean paper over1 and rub it equally with the fingers for half a minute4 ,then place the plant on the paper or scrap-book where it is desired to have the impression1 cover it with blotting paper1 and1 on repeating the rubbing1 a representation of the plant will appear equal to the finest engraving4 ,the same piece of black paper will serve for a number of impressions4 #gbf4 ,another ,process4--,burn a common cork till reduced to powder2 mix with it a tea-spoonful of olive oil1 making a thick paste4 ,paint the veiny side of the leaf with a camel-hair brush1 and lay it1 with the painted side down1 on a piece of clean paper4 ,submit it to a strong and even pressure 7it is best placed in a book and put under a weight17 for about fifteen minutes2 remove the leaf carefully1 and there will be an exact representation left4 ,very veiny leaves are best4 ,these impressions are almost equal to engravings4 ,collections of them might be made interesting1 by having narratives of rambles written under them1 stating the features of the spot from which the leaves were gathered4 ,,directions ,,for ,,window-,,plants4 #gbg4 ,through ,january and ,february4--,the summer flowering-plants--such as geraniums1 fuchsias1 c4--should be kept as nearly dormant as possible1 allowing just enough water to prevent flagging1 and all the light that can be spared from the more interesting division of winter-bloomers2 of the latter class1 such things as china-roses1 cinerarias1 hyacinths and other bulbs1 will now be in an active state1 some of them flowering1 and others about to do so2 these must be liberally treated with water4 ,mignonnette1 however1 must be excepted4 ,above everything1 keep the leaves clean2 they are few in number1 and feeble in action1 but they have yet an important function to perform2 and1 without they are kept as healthy as possible1 the plant cannot begin a new growth with the vigor it is desirable it should possess4 ,the pots should be occasionally scrubbed with clean water1 but do not paint or otherwise fill up their pores1 for air is as essential to the roots as to the foliage1 and no inconsiderable quantity finds its way to them through the sides of a clean pot4 ,with the same view1 the surface of the soil should be frequently stirred2 the process keeps it open1 prevents the growth of moss and weeds1 and imparts a better appearance4 ,the water given should always be rather warmer than the atmosphere of the room2 and rain-water1 slightly heated1 is the best4 #gbh4 ,march4--,the whole of these plants will be benefited by re-potting4 ,geraniums and fuchsias delight in light rich earth2 calceolarias 7lady's slipper71 roses1 the chimney campanula1 and others which grow as freely1 should have a larger proportion of loam2 whatever manure is added for either1 must be thoroughly decayed4 ,the pots should be perfectly clean1 inside and out2 take care to have each properly drained with pieces of slate or potsherds1 in size and number proportionate to the pot2 the larger ones require from one to three inches of this drainage4 ,in removing the plants1 take off the matted fibres with a knife2 loosen the soil moderately1 and1 when in its place1 press the new earth tightly round it2 give a gentle watering1 and keep them rather warm for a few days2 afterwards they should have plenty of air on fine days1 and water as they become dry4 ,station each where it may receive the direct light1 and pay particular attention to keeping the leaves clean4 #gbi4 ,april4--,on the attention given through this month1 most of the success for the season will depend4 ,the plants are now1 or ought to be1 in a very active growth1 which must be encouraged by moderate and regular supplies of water and air4 ,pinch out the points of the growing shoots of such plants as are required to become bushy2 this is commonly called stopping1 and1 with such things as geraniums1 fuchsias1 myrtles1 and others of similar habit1 is very necessary4 ,cactuses must have a sunny position1 and plenty of water4 ,mignonette in pots and boxes1 will require thinning1 so as to leave the plants about three inches apart4 ,the several kinds of ,china roses form beautiful window ornaments1 and occasion but little trouble3 at this time they are coming rapidly into bloom4 ,look for and destroy insects of all sorts1 every few days2 they multiply so fast1 that without constant attention1 the plants are soon overrun4 ,the leaves must be kept clear of dust1 and the branches properly tied out to sticks1 that the centre may receive its due share of light4 #gcj4 ,may4--,as the influence of the advancing season and power of the sun begins to be felt1 the management of window-plants becomes easier1 and must be gradually changed from the careful nursing hitherto necessary1 to a course of almost constant exposure that will render the plants robust and hardy4 #gca4 ,june4--,from this time till the middle of ,september1 plants in pots may be placed out of doors2 they are1 in fact1 better in the open air1 than in the heated atmosphere of a room4 ,except in stormy seasons1 they may stand out night and day1 in some slightly-sheltered spot4 ,as a precaution against the effects of strong sun-light1 it is advisable to place the pots in which the plants grow1 into others a size or two larger1 and fill the space between them with moss2 for many plants1 having slender fibrous roots1 are easily injured by the heat of the sun scorching them through the pot4 ,such as stand upon the ground1 should have a thick layer of ashes spread for them1 to prevent worms from creeping in4 ,wash their leaves frequently with clean water1 and remove insects4 ,when any portion of the collection is kept in-doors1 a window facing the north or west is to be preferred1 and plenty of air must be admitted4 ,as soon as geraniums have done flowering1 they should be cut down1 re-potted1 and the tops struck1 to form plants for next year4 ,this is a good time to propagate nearly all kinds of pot-plants2 most of them strike with freedom on a warm border in sandy soil1 covered with a glass1 and kept moderately watered4 ,myrtles1 and some other hard-wooded plants1 may be struck by placing the cuttings1 for about half their length1 into a phial filled with water4 ,seeds must be sown in light earth1 as soon as they are thoroughly ripe4 #gcb4 ,july4--,fuchsias1 in a growing state1 should receive a final potting3 place them in large1 perfectly clean pots1 using a mixture of turfy loam and peat1 or leaf mould2 train the shoots1 and water liberally4 ,geraniums that have done flowering1 should also be re-potted2 they require a lighter soil1 such as one part turfy loam1 two parts leaf mould1 and the remainder sand3 cut down the tops to within two or three joints of their base1 and set the plants in a warm sheltered place1 to induce them to grow again3 the cuttings may be struck in a frame or hand-glass1 and will form nice plants by next season4 ,cactuses should be kept in a sunny situation1 and have plenty of water4 ,camellias which have made their season's growth1 may be set out of doors1 to ripen4 ,china roses may be re-potted1 if requisite1 and are easily propagated now1 in the same manner as geraniums4 ,separate and pot violets1 for early spring-flowering2 keep them and similar plants1 as the cyclamen1 c41 in the most shaded place out of doors4 ,the whole tribe of lilies are handsome window-plants1 and some of the dwarf ,japan kinds peculiarly adapted for the purpose2 they are just beginning to bloom1 and should have plenty of air and water4 ,the ,chinese primrose may be sown in pots of light rich earth1 and1 if covered with a piece of glass1 will vegetate quickly1 and form nice plants by the autumn4 ,propagation of such plants as myrtles1 sweet-scented verbena1 or lemon plant1 chimney campanulas1 c41 is now easy1 and should be attended to without loss of time4 ,water all the plants with regularity1 and in quantities proportionate to their size and the state of the weather2 but particularly keep the leaves clean1 by frequent sprinklings of clean water and sponging4 ,the essential points in the culture of every plant1 is to allow the functions of both roots and leaves to be carried on in a proper manner--the first1 by placing them in suitable soil1 and the latter1 by clearing them of all impurities4 #gcc4 ,august4--,needs only a continuance of the attention recommended last month4 ,let them have plenty of air1 light1 and water1 with a slight protection from the mid-day sun2 propagation may still be carried on successfully4 ,pot the bella-donna and ,guernsey lilies1 to flower in autumn2 and the young plants of the ,chinese primrose should be placed three or four together1 in pots of light rich earth1 and nursed1 to forward their growth as far as possible4 #gcd4 ,september4--,the geraniums cut down in ,july1 will now be pushing forth a number of young shoots2 these must be encouraged as much as possible1 by keeping the plants in a sheltered place1 and duly supplying them with moisture4 ,when the shoots have grown two or three joints1 they should be stopped by picking out the points1 in order to render them bushy4 ,the cuttings made at the same period will now be fit for potting2 put each one separately into a small pot1 and treat them as the older plants4 ,young plants of myrtles1 and indeed all others that are properly rooted1 should receive similar treatment4 ,cinerarias are among the most useful of spring-flowering plants1 and if a few seedlings can be obtained now1 they will make nice plants1 with the treatment recommended for geraniums4 ,cyclamen1 ,guernsey1 or ,bella-donna lilies1 and ,lachenalias should be re-potted2 the first and last are very handsome spring-flowering plants1 and the lilies are exceedingly beautiful through ,october and ,november2 all of them are of reasonable price1 and well worth adding to the usual stock of window plants4 ,fill a few pots with fibrous loam1 and sprinkle them over with mignonette1 nemophila insignis1 and intermediate stocks2 leave the pots in the open air1 and thin the plants to about three or four of the strongest1 as soon as they can be handled4 ,pot off china primroses1 putting one plant into each three-inch pot4 ,encourage the chrysanthemums in pots with alternate applications of manure water1 repot the strongest1 and allow them all plenty of room1 or the leaves are liable to injury4 ,set all plants as they grow out of flower in the sun1 to ripen their wood1 but do not let them suffer from drought4 #gce4 ,october4--,the principal endeavor among this class of plants must now be directed towards getting them into a state of rest2 water very cautiously1 giving air whenever the weather will permit1 and at all times let them enjoy whatever sunshine occurs1 and uninterrupted light4 ,now that the respiring power of the leaves becomes lessened1 it is most essential that every particle of dust be carefully removed2 the surface of the soil in which they grow should be occasionally stirred1 to keep it clean and porous1 and even the outside of the pots should be washed1 for the same end4 ,if it be necessary to stand the pots in saucers1 when the plants are watered1 the waste which runs through should be regularly emptied away1 as much mischief ensues from allowing the roots to remain in the water4 #gcf4 ,november4--,the directions given last month must be closely observed throughout the remainder of the year4 ,the great object being to keep the majority of the plants in a resting condition1 that they may start the more vigorously on the return of genial weather4 ,winter1 or early spring-flowering plants1 such as violets1 ,china primroses1 cyclamen1 and roses1 are1 however1 to be excepted from this rule2 they are now in an active state1 and must be encouraged accordingly4 ,as soon as hyacinths and other bulbs1 placed in pots last month1 have become pretty well rooted1 they may be brought into the window1 and being placed near the light1 will grow rapidly2 those in glasses should have the water changed once or twice a week4 ,chrysanthemums in pots require plenty of water while in bloom1 and when their beauty declines1 the plants should be taken to a warm part of the garden1 or placed in a light shed1 to complete their maturity4 #gcg4 ,december4--,if the geraniums or other plants taken from the borders in autumn1 exhibit signs of rottenness1 remove the decaying parts1 and dust the wounds with quick-lime or sulphur1 keep them comparatively dry and as much exposed to the sun as possible2 air is essential whenever it can be admitted4 ,remember previous directions regarding the employment of pans2 they are a most fatal source of disease and death when left with water in them4 ,water sparingly1 keep the leaves clean1 and wait patiently4 ,flowering plants must still form the exception1 as mentioned last month4 #gch4 ,to manage a ,watch4--,first3 ,wind your watch as nearly as possible at the same hour every day4 ,secondly3 ,be careful that your key is in good condition1 as there is much danger of injuring the machine when the key is worn or cracked2 there are more mainsprings and chains broken through a jerk in winding1 than from any other cause1 which injury will1 sooner or later1 be the result1 if the key be in bad order4 ,thirdly3 ,as all metals contract by cold1 and expand by heat1 it must be manifest1 that to keep the watch as nearly as possible at one temperature1 is a necessary piece of attention4 ,fourthly3 ,keep the watch as constantly as possible in one position--that is1 if it hangs by day1 let it hang by night against something soft4 ,fifthly3 the hands of a pocket-chronometer or duplex watch1 should never be set backwards2 in other watches this is a matter of no consequence4 ,sixthly3 ,the glass should never be opened in watches that set and regulate at the back4 ,one or two other directions more1 it is of vital importance that you bear in mind4 ,on regulating a watch1 should it be fast1 move the regulator a trifle towards the slow1 and if going slow1 do the reverse2 you cannot move the regulator too slightly or too gently at a time1 and the only inconvenience that can arise is1 that you may have to perform the duty more than once4 ,on the contrary1 if you move the regulator too much at a time you will be as far1 if not farther than ever1 from attaining your object2 so that you may repeat the movement until quite tired and disappointed--stoutly blaming both watch and watch-maker1 while the fault is entirely your own4 ,again1 you cannot be too careful in respect of the nature and condition of your watch-pocket2 see that it be made of some material that is soft and pliant--such as wash-leather1 which is the best2 and1 also1 that there be no flue or nap that may be torn off when taking the watch out of the pocket4 ,cleanliness1 too1 is as needful here as in the key before winding2 for if there be dust or dirt in either instance1 it will1 you may rely upon it1 work its way into the watch1 as well as wear away the engine turning of the case4 ,,part ,,iv4 ,,domestic ,,economy1 ,,and ,,other ,,matters ,,worth ,,knowing4 ,of the different kinds of ,tea1 ,coffee1 c4--,preserving ,fruits1 ,flowers1 c4--,care of ,fires--and other ,hints4 ,,teas4 #gci4--,the names of the different kinds of tea1 relate to the time of their being gathered1 or to some peculiarity in their manufacture4 ,it is a general rule1 that all tea is fine in proportion to the tenderness and immaturity of the leaves4 ,the quality and value of the different kinds diminish as they are gathered later in the season4 ,,black ,,teas4--,as soon as the leaf-bud begins to expand1 it is gathered to make ,pekoe4 ,a few days' later growth produces black-leaved ,pekoe4 ,the next picking is called ,souchong2 as the leaves grow larger and more mature1 they form ,congou2 and the last picking is ,bohea4 ,bohea is called by the ,chinese1 ,ta-cha 7large tea71 on account of the maturity and size of the leaves2 it contains a larger proportion of woody fibre than other teas1 and its infusion is of a darker color and coarser flavor4 ,congou1 the next higher kind1 is named from a corruption of the ,chinese ,koong-foa 7great care1 or assiduity74 ,this forms the bulk of the black tea imported1 and is mostly valued for its strength4 ,souchong--,seaou-choong 7small1 scarce sort71 is the finest of the stronger black tea1 with a leaf that is generally entire and curly4 ,it is much esteemed for its fragrance and fine flavor4 ,pekoe is a corruption of the ,canton name1 ,pak-ho 7white down71 being the first sprouts of the leaf-buds2 they are covered with a white silky down4 ,it is a delicate tea1 rather deficient in strength1 and is principally used for flavoring other teas4 #gdj4 ,,green ,,teas4--,the following are the principal kinds3 ,twankay1 ,hyson-,skin1 ,hyson1 ,gunpowder1 and ,young ,hyson4 ,young ,hyson is a delicate young leaf1 called in the original language1 ,yu-tsien 7before the rains71 because gathered in the early spring4 ,hyson1 from the ,chinese word ,he-tchune1 which means1 flourishing spring4 ,this fine tea is gathered early in the season1 and prepared with great care and labor4 ,each leaf is picked separately1 and nipped off above the footstalk1 and every separate leaf is rolled in the hand4 ,it is much esteemed for its flavor4 ,gunpowder ,tea is only ,hyson rolled and rounded1 to give it the granular appearance whence it derives its name4 ,the ,chinese call it ,choo-cha 7pearl tea74 ,hyson-,skin is so named from the ,chinese term1 in which connection skin means the refuse1 or inferior portion4 ,in preparing ,hyson1 all leaves that are of a coarse yellow1 or imperfectly twisted appearance1 are separated1 and sold as skin-tea1 at an inferior price4 ,twankay is the last picking of green tea1 and the leaf is not rolled or twisted as much as the dearer descriptions4 ,there is altogether less trouble bestowed on the preparation4 ,,coffee4 #gda4--,the infusion or decoction of the roasted seeds of the coffee-berry1 when not too strong1 is a wholesome1 exhilarating1 and strengthening beverage2 and1 when mixed with a large proportion of milk1 is a proper article of diet for literary and sedentary people4 ,it is especially suited to persons advanced in years4 ,people who are bilious and liable to costiveness1 should abstain from it4 ,when drank very strong1 it proves stimulating and heating in a considerable degree1 creating thirst and producing watchfulness4 ,by an abusive indulgence in this drink1 the organs of digestion are impaired1 the appetite is destroyed1 nutrition is impeded1 and emaciation1 general debility1 paralytic affections1 and nervous fever1 are brought on4 #gdb4 ,proper method of making ,toast and ,water1 and the advantages resulting therefrom4--,take a slice of fine and stale loaf-bread1 cut very thin--as thin as toast is ever cut--and let it be carefully toasted on both sides1 until it be completely browned all over1 but nowise blackened or burned in any way4 ,put this into a common deep stone or china jug1 and pour over it1 from the tea-kettle1 as much clean boiling water as you wish to make into drink4 ,much depends on the water being actually in a boiling state4 ,cover the jug with a saucer or plate1 and let the drink cool until it be quite cold2 it is then fit to be used4 ,the fresher it is made the better1 and of course the more agreeable4 ,the above will be found a pleasant1 light1 and highly-diuretic drink4 ,it is peculiarly grateful to the stomach1 and excellent for carrying off the effects of any excess in drinking4 ,it is also a most excellent drink at meals1 and may be used in the summer-time1 if more agreeable to the drinker4 #gdc4 ,baked ,milk4--,put half a gallon of milk into a jar1 and tie it down with writing-paper4 ,let it stand in a moderately warm oven about eight or ten hours4 ,it will then be of the consistence of cream4 ,it is used by persons who are weak or consumptive4 #gdd4 ,substitute for ,cream1 in ,tea or ,coffee4--,beat the white of an egg to a froth1 put to it a very small lump of butter1 and mix well4 ,then turn the coffee to it gradually1 so that it may not curdle4 ,if perfectly done1 it will be an excellent substitute for cream4 ,for tea1 omit the butter1 using only the egg4 ,this might be of great use at sea1 as eggs can be preserved fresh in various ways4 #gde4 ,economical use of ,nutmegs4--,if a person begin to grate a nutmeg at the stalk end1 it will prove hollow throughout2 whereas the same nutmeg1 grated from the other end1 would have proved sound and solid to the last4 ,this circumstance may thus be accounted for3--,the centre of a nutmeg consists of a number of fibres issuing from the stalk1 and its continuation through the centre of the fruit2 the other ends of which fibres1 though closely surrounded and pressed by the fruit1 do not adhere to it4 ,when the stalk is grated away1 those fibres1 having lost their hold1 gradually drop out1 and the nutmeg appears hollow3 as more of the stalk is grated away1 others drop out in succession1 and the hollow continues through the whole nut4 ,by beginning at the contrary end1 the fibres above-mentioned are grated off at their core end1 with the surrounding fruit1 and do not drop out and cause a hole4 #gdf4 ,to ascertain the quality of ,nutmegs4--,oil of nutmegs being of great value1 it is often extracted from the nuts which are exposed to sale1 and which are thereby rendered of very little value4 ,to ascertain the quality of nutmegs1 force a pin into them2 and if good1 however dry they may appear1 the oil will be seen oozing out all round the pin4 #gdg4 ,essence of ,nutmeg4--,is made by dissolving one ounce of the essential oil in a pint of rectified spirits4 ,it is an expensive but invaluable mode of flavoring1 in the arts of the cook or confectioner4 #gdh4 ,to make ,essence of ,celery4--,soak for a fortnight half an ounce of the seeds of celery in one gill of brandy4 ,a few drops will flavor a pint of soup or broth equal to a head of celery4 #gdi4 ,tincture of ,lemon-peel4--,fill a wide-mouthed pint bottle half full of brandy2 when a lemon is used1 pare off the rind very thin1 and put it into the brandy4 ,in two weeks the spirit will be strongly impregnated with the flavor of the lemon4 #gej4 ,to test the purity of ,spirits4--,see if the liquor will burn away entirely3 or1 place a hollow ivory-ball in it2 the deeper the ball sinks1 the lighter the liquor1 and consequently more spirituous4 #gea4 ,to purify ,olive ,oil4--,turn the oil into a crock or bottle1 and pour in a quantity of pure water2 shake the vessel vigorously1 and let it stand two hours4 ,the mucilaginous matter which is the cause of rancidity1 will be separated from the oil1 and remain in the water4 ,the oil can be decanted1 and re-bottled for use4 #geb4 ,to preserve ,eggs4--,the most simple and easy mode of preserving eggs1 is to rub the outside of the shell1 as soon as gathered from the nest1 with a little butter1 or any other grease that is not fetid4 ,by filling up the pores of the shell1 the evaporation of the liquid part of the egg is prevented2 and either by that means1 or by excluding the external air1 which ,fourcroy supposes destroys the milkiness which most people are fond of in new-laid eggs1 that milkiness will be preserved for mouths1 as perfect as when the egg was taken from the nest4 #gec4 ,cream preserved in ,long ,voyages4--,mix with a quantity of fresh rich cream half its weight of white sugar in powder2 stir the whole well together1 and preserve it in bottles well corked4 ,in this state it is ready to mix with tea or coffee1 and has continued in good condition during a voyage to ,america4 #ged4 ,to preserve ,hazel ,nuts in great perfection for many months4--,hazel nuts may be kept a long time in full kernel by burying them in earthen pots1 well closed1 a foot or two in the ground4 ,they keep best in gravelly or sandy places4 #gee4 ,easy ,method of preserving ,animal ,food4--,fresh meat may be kept for nine or ten days perfectly sweet and good1 in the heat of summer1 by lightly covering the same with bran1 and hanging it in a high and windy room2 a cupboard full of small holes1 or a wire safe1 is recommended to be placed in such a room1 to keep away the flies4 #gef4 ,to purify ,lemon-juice4--,add one ounce of pulverized1 well burnt charcoal1 to a quart of lemon-juice2 after standing twelve hours1 filter the juice through white blotting-paper2 it will keep good several years in a cellar1 in a bottle1 well corked2 a thick crust will form beneath the cork1 and the mucilage will fall to the bottom4 #geg4 ,to detect ,copper in ,liquids4--,spirit of hartshorn mixed with them1 turns them blue4 ,therefore tea is not dried on copper1 as an infusion of it is not turned blue by this mixture4 ,cider1 being passed through brass pots1 is detected by this experiment4--,dr4 ,moyes' ,lectures4 #geh4 ,to detect the ,mixture of ,arsenic4--,a solution of blue vitriol dropped into any liquid in which arsenic has been put1 will turn it green4 #gei4 ,to test ,mushrooms4--,rub the upper skin with a gold ring or any piece of gold3 the part rubbed will turn yellow if it is a poisonous fungus4 #gfj4 ,to prepare ,salt4--,set a lump of salt in a plate before the fire1 and when dry1 pound it in a mortar1 or rub two pieces of salt together2 it will then be free from lumps1 and in very fine powder4 #gfa4 ,to make ,cheap and ,good ,vinegar4--,to eight gallons of clear rain water1 add three quarts of molasses2 turn the mixture into a clean tight cask1 shake it well two or three times1 and add three spoonsful of good yeast1 or two yeast cakes4 ,place the cask in a warm place1 and in ten or fifteen days1 add a sheet of common wrapping-paper1 smeared with molasses1 and torn into narrow strips1 and you will have good vinegar4 ,the paper is necessary to form the mother1 or life of the liquor4 #gfb4 ,to prevent ,mouldiness4--,the best preventive is any of the essential oils1 as the oil of lavender1 cloves1 peppermint1 c4 ,russia leather1 which is scented with the tar of the birch-tree1 is not subject to mouldiness1 and books bound in it will even prevent mouldiness in other books bound in calf1 near which they happen to lie4 ,aromatic seeds are not subject to mould1 and gingerbread1 or cakes containing caraway seeds are far less liable to mouldiness than plain bread4 ,children have been poisoned by eating mouldy bread4 #gfc4 ,to keep ,fruits4--,to preserve fruits1 you must keep them in a room rather above the ground floor1 sheltered alike from the sun and damp2 it is even prudent1 in order to avoid opening the windows1 to let out the humid exhalations of the fruit1 to have a stove in the room1 and light a fire in it now and then4 ,the decaying fruit should be carefully removed4 ,cherries1 grapes1 c41 are kept sound by hanging them to threads1 and then inclosing them in new boxes or barrels2 these are closed as tightly as possible1 and deposited in a dry place4 ,some preserve them by laying them in sawdust or bran4 #gfd4 ,to preserve ,apples4--,dry a glazed jar perfectly well1 put a few pebbles in the bottom2 fill the jar with apples1 and cover it with a bit of wood made to fit exactly2 and over that1 put a little fresh mortar4 ,the pebbles attract the damp of the apples4 ,the mortar draws the air from the jar1 and leaves the apples free from its pressure1 which1 together with the principle of putrefaction which the air contains1 are the causes of decay4 ,apples1 kept thus1 have been found quite sound1 fair1 and juicy1 in ,july4 #gfe4 ,to keep ,potatoes from frost4--,if you have not a convenient store-place for them1 dig a trench three or four feet deep1 into which they are to be laid as they are taken up1 and then covered with the earth taken out of the trench1 raised up in the middle like the roof of a house1 and covered with straw1 to carry off the rain4 ,they will be thus preserved from the frost1 and can be taken up as they are wanted4 #gff4 ,to dry ,corn for winter use4--,sweet corn is the best4 ,husk it4 ,have a pot of boiling water--put in your corn and let it boil three minutes--then cut it from the cobs and put it in pans in a warm oven4 ,it must be stirred frequently2 when perfectly dry put it away in bags4 ,when wanted for use1 soak it all night1 next day boil it an hour with a little salt2 before it is dished stir in flour1 pepper1 and butter4 #gfg4 ,to preserve ,aromatic and other ,herbs4--,the boxes and drawers in which vegetable matters are kept should not impart to them any smell or taste2 and more certainly to avoid this1 they should be lined with paper4 ,such as are volatile1 of a delicate texture1 or subject to suffer from insects1 must be kept in well covered glasses4 ,fruits and oily seeds1 which are apt to become rancid1 must be kept in a cool and dry1 but by no means in a warm or moist place4 #gfh4 ,to dry ,herbs4--,dry the gathered crop1 thinly spread out1 and shaded from the sun2 tie the herbs in small bundles1 and keep them compactly pressed down and covered with white paper4 ,or1 after drying them1 put each sort into a small box1 and by means of boards1 of the size of the interior length and width of the box1 and a screw-press1 press the herbs into cakes1 or little trusses4 ,these should be afterwards carefully wrapped up in paper1 and be kept in a dry place1 when they will retain their aroma as perfectly as when they were put into the press1 for1 at least1 three years4 ,by the common mode of hanging up herbs in loose bundles1 the odor soon escapes4 #gfi4 ,to dry ,chamomile ,flowers4--,pull them1 from time to time1 as they are produced2 for the plants continue to blossom in succession for several months4 ,when gathered1 dry them gradually1 partly in the sun1 and partly in the shade1 by being spread upon a mat or sheet1 removed out of the sun in the heat of the day1 and placed in it mornings and evenings4 ,lavender ,flowers should also be dried as chamomiles4 ,marigold ,flowers1 dried1 improve broths and soups1 however much they may have got into disuse4 #ggj4 ,winter ,herbs4--,the best time for gathering herbs for winter use is when they are in blossom4 ,if left till they are in seed1 the strength goes to the seed4 ,they are best picked from the stocks1 dried quickly 7but not burnt71 before the fire1 and rubbed into powder1 then bottled4 #gga4 ,galvanism a ,protector of ,trees4--,a ,german journal states that the application of galvanism has been made in ,austria for preserving trees and plants from the ravages of insects4 ,the process is very simple1 consisting only in placing two rings1 one of copper1 the other of zinc1 attached together1 around the tree or plant4 ,any insect that touches the copper receives an electric shock1 which kills it or causes it to fall to the ground4 #ggb4 ,moss on ,trees4--,the following is an excellent application to the scraped trunk to prevent the growth of moss1 and destroy eggs of insects4 ,one gallon of soft soap1 one pound of flour of sulphur1 and one quart of salt1 to be well stirred together and put on with a hard brush4 #ggc4 ,to destroy ,caterpillars in ,gooseberry ,trees4--,gather dust from any turnpike road1 and shake it well among the trees1 and the caterpillars will immediately fall to the ground4 ,it is an excellent plan to dust the trees twice or three times a week1 as it will effectually prevent the lodgment of caterpillars4 #ggd4 ,a neat method of ,grafting4--,prepare the stock and the graft in the same way as for grafting with clay in the common way4 ,then take a long slip of ,india-rubber1 three-quarters of an inch broad1 and about the thickness of a shilling4 ,tie one end of this elastic riband with a thread1 well prepared by rubbing with shoemakers' wax1 to the stock1 a little below where it is cut for being joined to the graft2 then make the joint as neatly as possible1 and wrap it round with the riband1 taking due care to keep the ,india-rubber fully stretched1 and to make it overlap at each turn fully one-half of the breadth of the previous round1 till the whole is covered1 then tie the top with a thread in the same manner as at the bottom1 and the operation is finished4 ,after grafting the trees in the manner described1 nothing is done to them till they are completely set1 when the ,india-rubber slips are taken off to be ready again for the next year4 ,when opened up1 there is scarcely any appearance of a joint1 and altogether they are much neater than when done with clay4 #gge4 ,to ,kill ,vermin on ,plants4--,tobacco water is much used for the above purposes2 it is made by pouring a gallon of boiling water upon a pound of tobacco leaves1 and straining it in twenty minutes4 ,or1 syringe the plants with this mixture3 put into a jar five gallons of spring water and four ounces of chloride of lime1 to which add four ounces of vitriol2 when the lime is precipitated1 pour off the clear solution1 and keep it air-tight4 ,or1 mix coal tar and water1 and sprinkle it over the infected plants4 #ggf4 ,to ,propagate ,plants4--,it may be received as a general principle1 that all plants which produce shoots may be propagated by cuttings2 though some plants are much more difficult to propagate in this manner than others4 ,generally speaking1 all the soft-wooded plants which have abundance of sap1 such as geraniums1 fuchsias1 petunias1 and verbenas1 strike root readily4 ,the usual mode for striking cuttings is to put them in fine sand1 and to cover them with a bell-glass4 ,some cuttings which are difficult to strike are directed to have bottom heat2 that is1 the pots in which they are planted should be plunged into a hot-bed1 that the stimulus afforded by the heat may induce the cuttings to throw out roots4 #ggg4 ,plants watered by being placed in ,dishes1 improper4--,the practice of placing flats or saucers under plants1 and feeding them by the roots1 that is1 pouring the water continually into these dishes1 and never on the earth at top1 is highly improper4 ,the water should always be poured on the surface of the earth1 that it may filter completely through it1 to the benefit and refreshment of the fibres4 #ggh4 ,when to plant ,annual and ,perennial ,flowers4--,many kinds of annuals and perennials1 sown in ,march and the beginning of ,april1 will be fit for transplanting about the end of ,may1 and may either be planted in patches about borders1 or in beds1 as fancy shall direct4 ,of these1 the kinds improved by transplanting are1 amaranthuses1 ,china asters1 columbines1 ,french and ,african marigolds1 fox-gloves1 hollyhocks1 ,india pinks1 love-lies-bleeding1 mallows1 mignonette1 prince's feather1 scabious1 stocks1 sun-flowers1 sweet-williams1 wall-flowers1 and others4 ,they should be planted out in a showery time1 if possible1 or otherwise be frequently watered1 till they have struck root4 #ggi4 ,to preserve ,flower ,seeds4--,those who are curious about saving flower-seeds must attend to them in the month of ,august4 ,many kinds will begin to ripen apace1 and should be carefully sticked and supported1 to prevent them from being shaken by high winds1 and so partly lost4 ,others should be defended from much wet2 such as asters1 marigolds1 and generally those of the class ,syngenesia2 as from the construction of their flowers they are apt to rot1 and the seeds to mould1 in bad seasons4 ,whenever they are thought ripe1 or indeed any others1 in wet weather1 they should be removed to an airy shed or loft1 gradually dried1 and rubbed or beat out at conveniency4 #ghj4 ,easy ,method of discovering whether or not ,seeds are sufficiently ripe4--,seeds1 when not sufficiently ripe1 will swim1 but when arrived at full maturity1 they will be found uniformly to fall to the bottom2 a fact that is said to hold equally true of all seeds1 from the cocoa-nut to the orchis4 ,,hints ,,to ,,farmers4 #gha4 ,there are some things that all farmers ought to know4 ,sheep put into fresh stubble are apt to be killed by eating too much grain4 ,a bare pasture enriches not the soil1 nor fattens the animals1 nor increases the wealth of the owner4 ,one animal well fed is of more value than two poorly kept4 ,the better animals can be fed1 and the more comfortable they can be kept1 the more profitable they are--and all farmers work for profit4 ,ground once well plowed is better than thrice poorly4 ,bountiful crops are more profitable than poor ones4 ,make the soil rich1 pulverize it well1 and keep it clean1 and it generally will be productive4 ,weeds that grow unmolested around the fences1 stumps1 and stones1 scatter their seeds over the farm1 and are very likely to increase4 ,cows well fed in winter give more milk in summer4 ,an ox that is in good condition in the spring1 will perform more labor1 and stand the heat of summer much better than one that is poor4 ,when you see the fence down1 put it up3 if it remains until to-morrow1 the cattle may get over4 ,what ought to be done to-day1 do it2 for to-morrow it may rain4 ,a strong horse will work all day without food1 but keep him at it1 and he will not last long4 ,a rich soil will produce good crops without manure1 but keep it at it1 and it will tire4 ,farmers' sons had better learn to hold the plow1 and feed the pigs1 than measure tape and count buttons4 ,young ladies who have the good fortune to become farmers' wives will find it more profitable to know how to make ,johnny-cake1 butter1 and cheese1 than to play on the piano4 ,all who wish to be rich1 must spend less than they earn4 ,,management ,,of ,a ,,horse4 #ghb4 ,when a horse is brought in hot1 loosen the girth1 and allow the saddle to remain on for five minutes4 ,let him be walked about in summer1 and1 in the winter1 be put directly in the stable4 ,a horse should not be permitted to drink cold water1 whilst warm2 neither should the legs or feet of a horse be washed1 until he gets cold4 ,horses prefer soft water1 and it is best for them4 ,if the water be very hard and brackish1 put a small piece of chalk into a pail of water1 some time before it is given to the horse4 ,fourteen pounds of hay in one day1 or one hundred pounds a week1 with three feeds of corn a day1 are sufficient for a horse that is not over-worked4 ,in travelling1 after the principal feed1 let a horse have not less than two hours' rest1 that his food may have time to digest4 ,after a hard day's work1 give a horse about two gallons of gruel1 made with a quart of oatmeal1 half a gallon of ale1 half a quartern of brandy1 and the proper quantity of water4 ,wetted bran may be given advantageously to lean horses4 #ghc4 ,to dress a ,horse4--,on entering the stable1 first give him about a gallon of clean water in a clean pail2 then shake up the best litter under the manger1 sweep out the stall1 and clean out the stable4 ,whilst the horse is feeding1 dress him3 first1 curry him all over with the currycomb1 to loosen the dirt and dust on his skin2 then remove the dust with a whalebone brush2 next1 smooth and cleanse the coat with a wisp of straw2 and again use the brush and currycomb1 to take off what dust may remain2 after which1 whisk him again with a damp lock of hay2 and1 finally1 rub him down with a woollen or linen cloth4 ,then turn round the horse in the stall1 brush his head well1 and wisp it clean and smooth with a damp lock of hay4 ,then wipe the dust and filth from the inside of the ears with a damp sponge1 and draw the ears through the hands for a few minutes1 until they are warm4 ,wash out the sponge1 and with it cleanse the dust1 c41 from the eyes2 sponge the nostrils1 and then rub the whole head with a cloth1 in the same manner as the body4 ,next1 turn the horse round into his proper situation1 put on the head-stall1 and with a sponge wash the dirt and filth from under the tail4 ,then1 clean and lay the mane with a comb and water-brush1 used alternately with both hands2 again wipe over the head and body1 put on the body-clothes1 and fasten them with a surcingle4 ,examine the heels1 pick out the dirt from the feet1 and wash the heels with a brush and plenty of water4 ,if the horse has bad feet1 they should be dressed and stuffed4 ,lastly1 shake hay into the rack2 and then the horse will be completely dressed4 #ghd4 ,horse ,flies4--,to prevent horses being teased with flies1 take two or three small handfuls of walnut leaves1 upon which pour two or three quarts of soft cold water2 let it infuse one night2 pour the whole next morning into a kettle1 and let it boil for a quarter of an hour3 when cold1 it will be ready for use4 ,nothing more is required than to moisten a sponge with the liquid1 and1 before the horse goes out of the stable1 let those parts which are most irritable be smeared over with the liquor1 namely1 between and upon the ears1 the flank1 c4 #ghe4 ,to milk ,cows4--,a cow should be milked clean4 ,not a drop1 if it can be avoided1 should be left in the udder4 ,it has been proved that the half-pint that comes out last1 has twelve times1 ,i think it is1 as much butter in it1 as the half-pint that comes out first4 ,the udder would seem to be a sort of milk-pan1 in which the cream is uppermost1 and1 of course1 comes out last1 seeing that the outlet is at the bottom4 ,but1 besides this1 if you do not milk clean1 the cow will give less and less milk1 and will become dry much sooner than she ought4--,cobbett4 ,,raising ,,poultry4 #ghf4 ,there is scarcely any branch of farming operations more productive than the raising of poultry for market2 and yet1 with a large majority of our agriculturists1 it is considered of but little account4 ,the proximity to a great market1 and the facilities for reaching it possessed by many of our farmers in this country1 should make the rearing of poultry an object of attention4 #ghg4 ,to fatten ,poultry4--,poultry should be fattened in coops1 and kept very clean4 ,they should be furnished with gravel1 but with no water4 ,their only food1 barley-meal1 mixed so thin with water1 as to serve them for drink4 ,their thirst makes them eat more than they would1 in order to extract the water that is among the food4 ,this should not be put in troughs but laid upon a board1 which should be clean washed every time fresh food is put upon it4 ,it is foul and heated water which is the sole cause of the pip4 #ghh4 ,method of expeditiously fattening ,chickens4--,take1 for that purpose1 a quantity of rice1 and grind or pound it into a fine flour2 mix sufficient for present use with milk and a little coarse sugar2 stir the whole well over the fire1 till it makes a thick paste2 and feed the chickens1 in the day-time only1 by putting as much of it as they can eat1 but no more1 into the troughs belonging to their coops4 ,it must be eaten while warm2 and1 if they have also beer to drink1 they will soon grow very fat4 ,a mixture of oatmeal and treacle1 combined till it crumbles1 is said to form a food for chickens1 of which they are so fond1 and with which they thrive so rapidly1 that at the end of two months they become as large as the generality of full-grown fowls fed in the common way4 #ghi4 ,method of fattening ,geese and ,ducks4--,geese1 the more quiet and undisturbed they are kept1 the faster and better they fatten4 ,put young geese into a place that is almost dark2 feed them with ground malt mixed with milk1 and they will very soon1 and at very little expense1 be fit to kill4 ,another way is cheaper still3--,mix barley-meal1 pretty thick1 with water1 which they must constantly have by them1 to eat as they choose2 in another part of the shed where they are1 keep a pan with some boiled oats and water1 for them to resort to when they are inclined to change their food4 ,this variety is agreeable to them1 and they thrive apace1 being so fattened at less expense than in any other manner4 #gij4 ,cobbett's method of fattening ,geese4--,geese are raised by grazing3 but1 to fat them1 something more is required4 ,corn of some sort1 or boiled ,swedish turnips1 or carrots1 or white cabbages1 or lettuces1 make the best fatting4 ,the modes that are resorted to by the ,french for fatting geese1 are1 ,i hope1 such as ,englishmen will never think of4 ,he who can deliberately inflict torture upon an animal1 in order to heighten the pleasure his palate is to receive in eating it1 is an abuser of the authority which ,god has given him1 and is1 indeed1 a tyrant in his heart4 ,who would think himself safe1 if at the mercy of such a man8 #gia4 ,swedish method of raising ,turkeys4--,as soon as the young turkeys leave the shell1 they are made to swallow one or two pepper-corns1 and returned to their mother4 ,they are afterwards fed with crumbs of bread and milk1 and with common dock-leaves1 chopped small1 and mixed with fresh buttermilk1 and kept in a warm place or sunshine1 and guarded from the rain or from running among nettles4 ,nothing1 however1 is more useful for them than the common garden pepper-cress1 or cut-leaved cress4 ,they are very fond of it2 and1 supplied with as much of it as they will eat1 they will not be delicate in their other food4 #gib4 ,to fatten ,turkeys as they do in ,norfolk4--,the quality and size of the ,norfolk turkeys are superior to those of any other part of ,england4 ,they are fed almost entirely with buckwheat2 and give them with it boiled oats1 boiled malt1 or boiled barley1 and sometimes1 for change1 even boiled wheat and water4 #gic4 ,to fatten ,ducks4--,feed them with the same food as the turkeys or geese1 and let them have a pan of water to dabble in4 #gid4 ,to make ,hens lay perpetually4--,hens will lay perpetually1 if treated in the following manner3--,keep no roosters 7cocks73 give the hens fresh meat1 chopped up like sausage-meat1 once a day2 a very small portion1 say half an ounce a day to each hen1 during the winter1 or from the time insects disappear in the fall till they appear again in the spring4 ,never allow any eggs to remain in the nest for what are called nest eggs4 ,when the roosters do not run with the hens1 and no nest eggs are left in the nest1 the hens will not cease laying after the production of twelve or fifteen eggs1 as they always do when roosters and nest eggs are allowed2 but continue laying perpetually4 ,the only reason why hens do not lay in winter as freely as in summer1 is the want of animal food1 which they get in summer in abundance1 in the form of insects4 ,,hints ,,for ,,the ,,preservation ,,of ,,human ,,life ,,from ,,fire4 #gie4 ,cautions4--,sweep chimneys regularly2 sweep frequently the lower part of the chimney within reach2 the kitchen chimney should be swept once a month4 #gif4 ,fires in ,chimneys4--,when a chimney or flue is on fire1 throw into the fire-place handfuls of flour of sulphur1 which will destroy the flame4 ,or1 apply a wet blanket1 or old carpet1 to the throat of the chimney1 or over the front of the fire-place4 ,a chimney-board1 or register-flap1 will answer the same purpose1 by stopping the draught of air from below4 ,beware of lights near combustibles2 of children near fires and lights2 and do not trust them with candles4 ,do not leave clothes to dry by the fire unwatched1 either day or night2 do not leave the poker in the fire2 see that all be safe before you retire to rest4 #gig4 ,persons in ,danger4--,when a fire happens1 put it out in its earliest stage2 if suffered to extend itself1 give the alarm4 ,beware of opening doors1 c41 to increase the fire by fresh air4 ,muster the whole family1 see that none are missing4 ,first save lives1 then property4 ,think of the ways of escape2 by the stairs1 if no better way--creep along a room where the fire is1 and creep down stairs backwards on hands and knees--7heated air ascends72 come down stairs with a pillow before your face1 and a wet blanket round the body1 and hold your breath2 or try the roof of the adjoining house4 ,throw out of the window a feather bed1 to leap upon in the last extremity--fasten fire-escapes to the bed-posts first--send children down by the sack fastened to a rope1 taking care of the iron spikes and area2 then lower yourselves4 #gih4 ,means of ,extinction4--,the safety of the inmates being ascertained1 the first object at a fire should be the exclusion of all fresh and the confinement of all burnt air--suffocate the flames--and remember that burnt air is as great1 if not a greater enemy to fire than water4 ,for both purposes1 of excluding the one air1 and confining the other1 all openings should be kept as carefully closed as possible4 ,the prevailing practice of breaking windows is peculiarly mischievous4 ,the only excuse for this is the admission of water2 but if the firemen were provided with self supporting ladders1 7that need not lean against the wall17 they might direct the water-hose through a single broken pane1 with ten times more accuracy than by their random squirting from the street4 ,water should be made to beat out the fire by its impetus2 sprinkling is useless4 #gii4 ,neighbors and ,spectators4--,when a fire happens1 let every respectable neighbor attend4 ,send instantly for engines1 both of the parish and of the insurance companies1 and the parish and other ladder and fire-escapes4 ,look for the nearest fireplug--send instantly for policemen1 and see they attend1 and are active4 #hjj4 ,method of escape from ,fire4--,the following simple machine ought always to be kept in an upper apartment4 ,it is nothing more than a shilling or eighteen-penny rope1 one end of which should always be made fast to something in the chamber1 and at the other end should be a noose to let down children or infirm persons1 in case of fire4 ,along the rope there should be several knots1 to serve as resting places for the hands and feet of the person who drops down by it4 ,no family occupying high houses should ever be without a contrivance of this kind4 #hja4 ,to make ,water more efficacious in extinguishing ,fires4--,throw into a pump1 which contains fifty or sixty buckets of water1 eight or ten pounds of salt or pearlashes1 and the water thus impregnated will wonderfully accelerate the extinction of the most furious conflagration4 ,muddy water is better than clear1 and can be obtained when salt and ashes cannot4 #hjb4 ,to extinguish ,fires speedily4--,much mischief arises from want of a little presence of mind on these alarming occasions4 ,a small quantity of water1 well and immediately applied1 will frequently obviate great danger4 ,the moment an alarm of fire is given1 wet some blankets well in a bucket of water1 and spread them upon the floor of the room where the fire is1 and afterwards beat out the other flames with a blanket thus wet4 ,two or three buckets of water thus used early1 will answer better than hundreds applied at a later period4 ,linen thus wet will be useful1 but will not answer so well as woollen4 #hjc4 ,to escape from or go into a ,house on fire4--,creep or crawl with your face near the ground1 and1 although the room be full of smoke to suffocation1 yet near the floor the air is pure1 and may be breathed with safety4 ,the best escape from upper windows is by a knotted rope2 but1 if a leap is unavoidable1 then the bed should be thrown out first1 or beds prepared for the purpose4 #hjd4 ,hints respecting ,women's and ,children's ,clothes catching fire4--,the woman and children in every family should be particularly told and shown1 that flame always tends upwards2 and1 consequently1 that as long as they continue erect1 or in an upright posture1 while their clothes are burning1 the fire generally beginning at the lower part of the dress1 the flames meeting additional fuel1 as they rise1 become more powerful in proportion2 whereby the neck and head1 being more exposed than other parts to the intense and concentrated heat1 must necessarily be most injured4 ,in a case of this kind1 where the sufferer happens to be alone1 and cannot extinguish the flames by instantly throwing the clothes over the head1 and rolling or lying upon them1 she may still avoid great agony1 and save her life1 by throwing herself at full-length on the floor1 and rolling herself thereon4 ,this method may not extinguish the flame1 but1 to a certainty1 will retard its progress1 prevent fatal injury to the neck and head1 and afford opportunity for assistance2 and it may be more practicable than the other1 to the aged and infirm4 ,a carpet or hearth-rug instantly lapped round the head and body1 is almost a certain preventive of danger4 #hje4 ,method of rendering all sorts of ,paper1 ,linen1 and ,cotton1 less combustible4--,this desirable object may be1 in some degree1 effected1 by immersing these combustible materials in a strong solution of alum-water2 and1 after drying them1 repeating this immersion1 if necessary4 ,thus1 neither the color nor the quality of the paper will be in the least affected2 on the contrary1 both will be improved3 and the result of the experiment may be ascertained1 by holding a slip of paper1 so prepared1 over a candle4 #hjf4 ,to extricate ,horses from fire4--,if the harness be thrown over a draught1 or the saddle placed on the back of a saddle horse1 they may be led out of the stable as easily as on common occasions4 ,should there be time to substitute the bridle for the halter1 the difficulty towards saving them will be still further diminished4 #hjg4 ,method of rendering assistance to persons in danger of ,drowning4--,this desirable object appears attainable by the proper use of a man's hat and pocket-handkerchief1 which 7being all the apparatus necessary7 is to be used thus3--,spread the handkerchief on the ground1 and place a hat1 with the brim downwards1 on the middle of the handkerchief2 and then tie the handkerchief round the hat as you would tie up a bundle1 keeping the knots as near the centre of the crown as may be4 ,now1 by seizing the knots in one hand1 and keeping the opening of the hat upwards1 a person1 without knowing how to swim1 may fearlessly plunge into the water with what may be necessary to save the life of a fellow-creature4 ,if a person should fall out of a boat1 or the boat upset1 by going foul of a cable1 c41 or should he fall off the quays1 or indeed fall into any water from which he could not extricate himself1 but must wait some little time for assistance--had he presence of mind enough to whip off his hat1 and hold it by the brim1 placing his fingers withinside the crown1 and hold it so1 7top downwards71 he would be able1 by this method1 to keep his mouth well above water till assistance should reach him4 ,it often happens that danger is descried long before we are involved in the peril1 and time enough to prepare the above method2 and a courageous person would1 in seven instances out of ten1 apply to them with success2 and travellers1 in fording rivers at unknown fords1 or where shallows are deceitful1 might make use of these methods with advantage4 #hjh4 ,to prevent excessive ,thirst1 in cases of emergency at ,sea1 in the summer-time4--,when thirst is excessive1 as is often the case in summer-time1 during long voyages1 avoid1 if possible1 even in times of the greatest necessity1 the drinking of salt water to allay the thirst2 but rather keep thinly clad1 and frequently dip in the sea1 which will appease both hunger and thirst for a long time1 and prevent the disagreeable sensation of swallowing salt water4 #hji4 ,best mode of avoiding the fatal ,accidents of ,open ,carriages4--,jumping out is particularly dangerous1 7the motion of the gig communicating a different one to the one you give yourself by jumping71 which tends very much to throw you on your side or head4 ,many suppose it very easy to jump a little forward1 and alight safe3 they will not find it so on trial4 ,the method of getting out behind the carriage1 is the most safe of any1 having often tried it when the horse has been going very fast4 ,perhaps it is best to fix yourself firm1 and remain in the carriage4 #haj4 ,recovery from ,suffocation1 c4--,there are many occasions of danger1 on which a person who can hold breath for a minute or two1 may save the life of another4 ,the best preparation for rendering such assistance is1 by breathing deep1 hard1 and quick1 7as a person would do after running17 and ceasing with his lungs full of air2 he will then find himself able to hold his breath more than twice as long as he would without such preparation4 ,if in a brewer's fermenting vat1 or an opened cess-pool1 one man sinks senseless and helpless1 from breathing the foul air1 another man of cool mind would1 by the above preparation1 have abundant time1 in most cases1 to descend by the ladder or bucket1 and rescue the sufferer1 without any risk to himself4 ,in entering a room on fire1 a knowledge of this fact may be useful4 ,the following precautions should also be regarded4 ,avoid all unnecessary exertion2 go coolly and quietly to the spot where help is required2 do no more than is needful1 leaving the rest to be done by those in a safe atmosphere4 ,in case of choke-damp1 as in a brewer's vat1 hold the head as high as may be3 in case of a fire in the room1 keep the head as low as possible4 ,if a rope be at hand1 fasten it to the person who is giving help1 that he may be succored1 if he venture too far4 ,many deaths happen in succession in cess-pools1 and similar cases1 for want of this precaution4 ,it is hardly needful to say1 do not try to breathe the air of the place where help is required4 ,yet many persons fail1 in consequence of forgetting this precaution4 ,if the temptation to breathe be at all given way to1 the necessity increases1 and the helper himself is greatly endangered4 ,resist the tendency1 and retreat in time4 ,be careful to commence giving aid with the lungs full of air1 not empty2 for the preparation consists chiefly in laying up for the time1 in the lungs1 a store of that pure air which is so essential to life4 #haa4 ,thunder ,storms4--,the safest situation during a thunder-storm is the cellar2 for when a person is below the surface of the earth1 the lightning must strike it before it can reach him1 and will probably be expended on it4 ,dr4 ,franklin advises persons apprehensive of lightning to sit in the middle of a room1 not under a metal lustre1 or any other conductor1 and to place their feet upon another chair4 ,it will be still safer1 he adds1 to lay two or three beds or mattresses in the middle of the room1 and to place the chairs upon them4 ,a hammock suspended with silk cords would be an improvement on this apparatus4 ,persons out of doors should avoid trees1 c4 ,the distance of a thunder-storm and its consequent danger can easily be estimated4 ,as light travels at the rate of #aib1jjj miles in a second of time1 its effects may be considered as instantaneous within any moderate distance4 ,sound is transmitted at the rate of only #aadb feet in a second4 ,by observing1 therefore1 the time which intervenes between the flash of lightning and the thunder which accompanies it1 a very near calculation may be made of its distance4 #hab4 ,stroke of ,lightning4--,throw cold water upon them as soon as possible4 ,it will often restore persons struck by lightning when apparently insensible1 or even dead4 #hac4 ,a few ,concise ,rules for the ,recovery of ,persons apparently ,drowned4--,the body on being taken out of the water1 should be conveyed to the nearest house1 in the gentlest manner possible2 the wet clothes must be removed1 and the body well dried with a towel2 it must then be placed on a mattress1 laid on a table of proper height and length4 ,care must always be taken to lay the head considerably higher than the extremities1 and to place the body on the right side4 ,the lungs should be inflated with a pair of bellows1 not forcibly1 but gradually1 so as to imitate the action of respiration4 ,do not place the body in a high degree of heat2 7below #ih degrees of ,fahrenheit's scale is the best temperature17 clear the apartment of all supernumerary persons1 and let the windows and doors be open1 to admit a free circulation of air4 ,apply friction1 after the lungs have been expanded1 with the hand only1 or with a little oil on the fingers4 ,no injections are necessary1 nor emetics1 except in particular cases3 bleeding is also a doubtful remedy3 electricity1 in judicious hands1 may prove highly beneficial4 ,let no rolling of the body be used with a view of emptying it of water2 there is no water present1 or scarcely any4 ,the heart being overloaded with blood1 may be burst by this injudicious proceeding1 and more mischief has been done by tossing and rolling the body1 than by any other erroneous treatment4 ,hot water1 in bottles1 may be applied to the feet and ankles1 as soon as respiration commences3 when the blood begins to circulate1 heat may be gradually increased1 and the patient removed to a warm bed1 where he must be carefully watched till the action of the heart be completely restored4 ,the following way is commended by those who have seen it tried3 #a4 ,lose no time4 #b4 ,handle the body gently4 #c4 ,carry the body with the head gently raised1 and never hold it up by the feet4 #d4 ,send for medical assistance immediately1 and in the mean time act as follows3 #a4 ,strip the body1 rub it dry2 then rub it in hot blankets1 and place it in a warm bed in a warm room4 #b4 ,cleanse away the froth and mucus from the nose and mouth4 #c4 ,apply warm bricks1 bottles1 bags of sand1 c41 to the arm-pits1 between the thighs and the soles of the feet4 #d4 ,rub the surface of the body with the hands enclosed in warm dry worsted socks4 #e4 ,if possible1 put the body into a warm bath4 #f4 ,to restore breathing1 put the pipe of a common bellows in one nostril1 carefully closing the other and the mouth2 at the same time drawing downward1 and pushing gently backward1 the upper part of the windpipe1 to allow a more free admission of air2 blow the bellows gently1 in order to inflate the lungs1 till the breast be raised a little2 then set the mouth and nostrils free1 and press gently on the chest2 repeat this until signs of life appear4 ,when the patient revives1 apply smelling-salts to the nose1 give warm wine or brandy and water4 ,cautions4--#a4 ,never rub the body with salt or spirits4 #b4 ,never roll the body on casks4 #c4 ,continue the remedies for twelve hours without ceasing4 ,,part ,v4 ,,mistress--,,mother--,,nurse--,,and ,,maid4 ,in which are set forth the prominent ,duties of each department1 and the most important ,rules for the guidance and care of the ,household4 ,,of ,,the ,,table #had4 ,the taste and management of the mistress are always displayed in the general conduct of the table2 for1 though that department of the household be not always under her direction1 it is always under her eye4 ,its management involves judgment in expenditure1 respectability of appearance1 and the comfort of her husband as well as of those who partake of their hospitality4 ,inattention to it is always inexcusable1 and should be avoided for the lady's own sake1 as it occasions a disagreeable degree of bustle1 and evident annoyance to herself1 which is never observable in a well-regulated establishment4 ,perhaps there are few occasions on which the respectability of a man is more immediately felt1 than the style of dinner to which he may accidentally bring home a visitor4 ,every one ought to live according to his circumstances1 and the meal of the tradesman ought not to emulate the entertainments of the higher classes2 but1 if merely two or three dishes be well served1 with the proper accompaniments1 the table-linen clean1 the small sideboard neatly laid1 and all that is necessary be at hand1 the expectation of both the husband and friend will be gratified1 because no interruption of the domestic arrangements will disturb their social intercourse4 ,should there be only a joint and a pudding1 they should always be served up separately2 and the dishes1 however small the party1 should always form two courses4 ,thus1 in the old fashioned style of fish1 soup1 and a roast1 the soup and fish are placed at the top and bottom of the table1 removed by the joint with vegetables and pastry2 or1 should the company consist of eight or ten1 a couple or more of side-dishes in the first course1 with game and a pudding in the second1 accompanied by confectionary1 are quite sufficient4 ,in most of the books which treat of cookery1 various bills of fare are given1 which are never exactly followed4 ,the mistress should give a moderate number of those dishes which are most in season4 ,the cuts which are inserted in some of those lists1 put the soup in the middle of the table--where it should never be placed4 ,for a small party1 a single lamp in the centre is sufficient2 but1 for a larger number1 the room should be lighted with lamps hung over the table1 and the centre occupied by a plateau of glass or plate1 ornamented with flowers or figures4 #hae4 ,carefulness4--,a proper quantity of household articles should always be allowed for daily use4 ,each should also be kept in its proper place1 and applied to its proper use4 ,let all repairs be done as soon as wanted1 remembering the old adage of a stitch in time2 and never1 if possible1 defer any necessary household concern a moment beyond the time when it ought to be attended to4 ,in the purchase of glass and crockery-ware1 either the most customary patterns should be chosen1 in order to secure their being easily matched1 when broken2 or1 if a scarce design be adopted1 an extra quantity should be bought1 to guard against the annoyance of the set being spoiled by breakage--which1 in the course of time1 must be expected to happen4 ,there should likewise be plenty of common dishes1 that the table-set may not be used for putting away cold meat1 c4 ,the cook should be encouraged to be careful of coals and cinders3 for the latter there is a new contrivance for sifting1 without dispersing the dust1 by means of a covered tin bucket4 ,small coal1 wetted1 makes the strongest fire for the back of the grate1 but must remain untouched till it cakes4 ,cinders1 lightly wetted1 give a great degree of heat1 and are better than coal1 for furnaces1 ironing-stoves1 and ovens4 #haf4 ,attention to little things4--,by attention to little things1 the neat appearance of a house may be secured1 and time and labor saved4 ,for instance1 when you are sewing1 carefully deposit your bits of thread1 c41 in a little basket or box1 instead of throwing them on the floor4 ,and again3 set your chairs out a little from the wall1 instead of putting them close to it1 which would not only rub the paint from the chairs1 but would soon deface the beauty of the wall-paper4 ,these appear like trifling things--but nothing is too trifling to demand our attention1 when we are endeavoring to fulfil the duties of our sphere4 #hag4 ,cheerfulness4--,does it seem singular that cheerfulness is placed among the requisites for good house-keeping8 ,but it is of far more importance than you would1 at first view1 imagine4 ,what matters it to a brother or husband1 if the house be ever so neat1 or the meals punctually and well prepared1 if the mistress of it is fretful and fault-finding--ever discontented and complaining4 ,the outside of such a house is ever the most attractive to him1 and any and every excuse will be made for absenting himself2 and the plea of business or engagements will be made to her who is doomed to pass her hours needlessly in solitude4 #hah4 ,of ,economy in ,expenditure4--,economy should be the first point in all families1 whatever be their circumstances4 ,a prudent housekeeper will regulate the ordinary expenses of a family1 according to the annual sum allowed for housekeeping4 ,by this means1 the provision will be uniformly good1 and it will not be requisite to practise meanness on many occasions1 for the sake of meeting extra expense on one4 ,the best check upon outrunning an income is to pay bills weekly1 for you may then retrench in time4 ,this practice is likewise a salutary check upon the correctness of the accounts themselves4 ,to young beginners in housekeeping1 the following brief hints on domestic economy1 in the management of a moderate income1 may perhaps not prove unacceptable4 ,a bill of parcels and receipt should be required1 even if the money be paid at the time of purchase2 and1 to avoid mistakes1 let the goods be compared with these when brought home2 or1 if paid or at future periods1 a bill should be sent with the article1 and regularly filed on separate files for each tradesman4 ,an inventory of furniture1 linen1 and china should be kept1 and the things examined by it twice a-year1 or oftener if there be a change of servants2 the articles used by servants should be intrusted to their care1 with a list1 as is done with the plate4 ,in articles not in common use1 such as spare bedding1 tickets of parchment1 numbered and specifying to what they belong1 should be sewed on each2 and minor articles in daily use1 such as household cloths and kitchen requisites1 should be occasionally looked to4 #hai4 ,books and ,accounts4--,housekeeping books1 with printed forms for the various heads of expenditure1 and the several articles1 are used in many families2 but accounts may be kept with as much certainty in plain books4 #hbj4 ,servants4--,in the hiring of ,servants1 it is an excellent plan to agree to increase their wages annually to a fixed sum1 where it should stop1 and to recommend that a portion of it should be regularly placed in a savings-bank4 ,an incentive will thus be offered to good conduct2 and when the hoard saved up amounts to any considerable sum1 the possessor will generally feel more inclined to enlarge than to expend it4 ,a kindly feeling of indulgence on the part of the mistress towards her servants1 in the matter of petty faults1 coupled with good-natured attention to their daily comforts1 and occasional permission to visit and receive a few of their near friends1 would go far to create a cordial degree of attachment1 which must be ever desirable to a respectable family1 and cheaply purchased by such consideration4 ,mildness of language will generally be met by respectful language on the part of a servant1 and of itself will produce a saving of temper at least to the master or mistress4 ,due praise will mostly be found a powerful stimulus to good1 and in some measure a preventive to bad conduct1 on the part of a servant4 ,do not speak harshly or imperatively to servants1 or tell them of their faults in the presence of strangers or visitors2 but take the earliest opportunity of reproving them after your company have left4 #hba4 ,store-room4--,a store-room is essential for the custody of articles in constant use1 as well as for others which are only occasionally called for4 ,these should be at hand when wanted1 each in separate drawers1 or on shelves and pegs1 all under the lock and key of the mistress1 and never be given out to the servants but under her inspection4 ,pickles and preserves1 prepared and purchased sauces1 and all sorts of groceries1 should be there stored2 the spices pounded and corked up in small bottles1 sugar broken1 and everything in readiness for use4 ,lemon-peel1 thyme1 parsley1 and all sorts of sweet herbs1 should be dried and grated for use in seasons of plenty2 the tops of tongues saved1 and dried1 for grating into omelets1 c42 and care taken that nothing be wasted that can be turned to good account4 ,coarse nets suspended in the store-room are very useful in preserving the finer kinds of fruit1 lemons1 c41 which are spoiled if allowed to touch4 ,when lemons and oranges are cheap1 a proper quantity should be bought and prepared1 both for preserving the juice1 and keeping the peel for sweetmeats and grating1 especially by those who live in the country1 where they cannot always be had2 and they are perpetually wanted in cookery4 #hbb4 ,sugar4--,the lowest-priced and coarsest sugar is not the cheapest in the end1 as it is heavy1 dirty1 and of a very inferior degree of sweetness2 that which is most refined is the sweetest3 the best has a bright and gravelly appearance4 ,east ,india sugars appear finer in proportion to the price2 but they do not contain so much sweetness as the other kinds4 ,loaf-sugars should be chosen as fine and as close in texture as possible1 except they are for preserving1 when the coarse1 strong1 open kind is preferable4 #hbc4 ,pepper4--,the finest ,cayenne pepper consists of powdered bird-pepper2 but1 as this is of a bad color1 it is often adulterated to heighten the color4 ,english chilies1 dried and pounded1 make good pepper4 ,white pepper is inferior to black1 although the former is sold at the highest price4 ,white pepper is merely black pepper deprived of its outer coating1 which has a stimulating property2 so that white pepper is much weaker than black4 #hbd4 ,cinnamon1 when good1 is rather thin and pliable1 and about the substance of thick paper1 of yellowish-brown color1 sweetish taste1 and pleasant odor3 that which is hard1 thick1 and dark-colored1 should be rejected4 #hbe4 ,articles in ,season4--,some weak-minded persons affect to despise articles of food when they are plentiful and cheap1 not knowing that such is the time when the articles are in the greatest perfection4 ,young and inexperienced housekeepers sometimes incur unnecessary expense by ordering articles of food when they are scarce1 dear1 and hardly come into season4 ,this can only be prevented by attention to the seasons of different articles4 #hbf4 ,every ,family to make their own ,sweet ,oil4--,with a small hand-mill1 every family might make their own sweet oil4 ,this may easily be done1 by grinding or beating the seeds of white poppies into a paste1 then boil it in water1 and skim off the oil as it rises2 one bushel of seed weighs fifty pounds1 and produces two gallons of oil4 ,of the sweet olive oil sold1 one-half is oil of poppies4 ,the poppies will grow in any garden2 it is the large-head white poppy1 sold by apothecaries4 ,large fields are sown with poppies in ,france and ,flanders1 for the purpose of expressing oil from their seed for food4 ,when the seed is taken out1 the poppy head when dried is boiled to an extract1 which is sold at two shillings per ounce1 and it is to be preferred to opium1 which now sells very high4 ,large fortunes may be acquired by the cultivation of poppies4 ,women and children could attend to the cultivation of any quantity required for their own use1 in making oil1 and it would be found a profitable branch of industry1 when engaged in on a large scale4 #hbg4 ,candles and ,lamps4--,in purchasing wax1 spermaceti1 or composition candles for company1 there will be a saving by proportioning the length and size of the lights to the probable duration of the party4 ,mixed wax and spermaceti make the best candles1 of which a long four 7that is1 four to the pound17 will last ten hours2 a short six will burn six hours2 a three1 twelve hours4 ,a moderate-sized ,french table-lamp1 will consume a quarter of a pint of oil in twelve hours and a half4 ,a common japanned kitchen-lamp1 with one burner1 will consume one-eighth of a pint of oil in nine hours4 #hbh4 ,neats'-foot ,oil4--,boil the feet for several hours1 as for making stock for jelly2 skim off the oily matter from time to time as it rises1 and1 when it ceases to come up1 pour off the water2 next day1 take off the cake of fat and oil which will be found on the top2 boil it and the oil before obtained1 together with a little cold water2 let it cool2 pour off the water1 and bottle the oil for use4 ,this oil being perfectly pure1 and free from smell1 may be used with the ,french lights in a sick-room4 #hbi4 ,soap4--,soap1 as well as candles1 is improved by keeping4 ,buy your store for the winter as early as ,september1 and cut the large bars of soap into pieces1 to dry4 ,it goes farther1 and is better4 #hcj4 ,coals4--,lay in your stock of coal and wood1 during summer1 when fuel of all kinds is cheapest4 #hca4 ,good method of making ,fires4--,in managing your fires during the day1 first lay on a shovelful of the dust and ashes from under the grate1 then a few coals1 then more ashes1 and afterwards a few more coals1 and thus proceed till your grate is properly filled1 placing a few round coals in front4 ,you will find that the ashes retain the heat better than coals alone2 you will have less smoke1 a pleasant fire1 and a very little waste left at night4 #hcb4 ,kitchen-,paper4--,whited-brown and common writing is much used3 it should be bought by the ream or half-ream1 which will be much cheaper than by the quire4 ,white paper only should be used for singeing1 and for covering meat1 pastry1 c4 #hcc4 ,economy in ,tinder4--,the very high price of paper1 at present1 renders the saving of even the smallest quantity of linen or cotton rags of consequence1 as they sell very dear4 ,trifling as it may be thought1 yet it will be found that a considerable quantity of rags may be saved in a family1 by using as tinder for lighting matches1 the contents of the common snuffers1 collected in the course of the evening4 #hcd4 ,to prevent ,accidents1 from leaving a poker in the fire4--,the following invention is equally simple and secure3--,immediately above that square part of the poker1 by blacksmiths called the bit1 let a small cross of iron1 about an inch and a half each way1 be welded in4 ,the good consequences of this simple contrivance will be-- #ast4 ,if the poker1 by the fire giving way1 should slip out1 it will probably catch on the edge of the fender4 #b;d4 ,if it should not1 it cannot injure the hearth or carpet1 as the hot part of the poker will be borne up some inches4 #c;d4 ,the poker cannot be run into the fire further than the bit1 which1 in regard to a polished poker1 is also of some consequence4 ,,on ,,the ,,management ,,of ,,infants1 ,,young ,,children1 ,,and ,,the ,,sick4 #hce4 ,in a previous work--,mrs4 ,hale's ,new ,cook ,book1--,i gave many receipts for preparing food for invalids and children2 but something more is needed4 ,young mothers and nurses1 who are often inexperienced1 will1 ,i am sure1 thank me for taking pains to procure1 from the most eminent authorities1 the best directions and recipes to aid them in the discharge of their arduous and most important duties4 ,the preservation of life1 and the formation of the physical constitution1 as well as the moral development of the young beings committed by ,divine ,providence to the especial care of woman1 render it one of the best accomplishments of our sex1 to learn all we can respecting the high vocation whereunto we are called1 viz41 that of conservators of humanity4 #hcf4 ,of young ,infants4--,immediately on the birth of the child1 it should be received into soft fine flannel1 sufficient completely to envelop or wrap round the body1 in which1 with the mouth and nose scarcely exposed1 it should repose at least an hour4 ,the child may then be washed with tepid water1 tenderly and cautiously1 yet speedily made dry with soft linen cloth4 ,afterwards let it be expeditiously dressed1 and put into a warm1 bed1 and1 during the first week or fortnight1 exposed as little as possible to cold air3 how long this caution may be necessary1 will depend on the season of the year1 or the temperature of the atmosphere4 ,by strictly adhering to this mode of managing a new-born infant1 it will not suffer from catarrh1 cough1 difficulty of breathing1 diarrhea1 sore eyes1 or stoppage in the head4 ,children are frequently placed under the care of a nurse1 who1 from her experience1 is supposed qualified for the important trust2 but it often happens1 either from her obstinacy or self-importance1 that the most judicious plan of treatment recommended by the attending physician1 is defeated4 ,at this period the mother is called on1 by religious and moral obligation1 as well as by the ties of natural affection1 to suckle her infant3 no doubt could be entertained of her immediate assent to so powerful an impulse1 if uninfluenced by her friends or relatives4 ,it cannot be denied1 that she may be disqualified for the office by various maladies1 by an incipient phthisis1 by a scorbutic or scrofulous taint1 by hysterical or nervous affections1 c4 ,however1 the fitness or unfitness of the mother for this endearing office1 should be determined by the attending physician4 ,there are many instances recorded of women who had been extremely delicate and sickly previous to their first confinement1 becoming afterwards healthy and robust4 ,on the contrary1 there are several histories of other women1 who previously had enjoyed good health1 suffering from counteracting the regular process of nature4 ,the flow of the milk being checked1 undue determinations have taken place to the chest or head1 and in some cases proved fatal4 ,in the bowels of children at the time of their birth1 there is an accumulation of what is called the meconium4 ,for whatever purpose it was intended before the birth of the child1 it would become injurious were it afterwards suffered to remain4 ,nature has provided the means for its removal1 by giving to the new milk an aperient quality4 ,therefore it is advisable to wait1 even to the third day1 for the appearance of the milk1 rather than attempt to remove the meconium by castor oil1 or any other mild aperient medicine4 ,the coats of the child's stomach and bowels are so extremely tender and irritable1 that the mildest purgative will give pain1 and disorder the health of the infant4 ,by waiting for the milk1 relief is obtained by the means nature has provided1 without the slightest inconvenience4 #hcg4 ,clothing4--,the clothing for children cannot be too simple3 it should be so formed as to admit of being easily and quickly changed1 free from all bandages or pins1 and secured only by tape4 ,shoes or stockings may be dispensed with1 until the child begins to use its legs1 as they keep the feet wet and unpleasant1 unless changed every hour4 ,the child left to itself1 will soon begin to enjoy the use and freedom of its limbs4 #hch4 ,food4--,the proper food for children is a subject of more importance4 ,that which nature has provided is the milk of its parent2 but1 when this is lacking1 a preparation formed of cow's milk and water1 with a little loaf sugar1 in the following proportions1 supplies the desideratum3--,take of fresh cow's milk1 one table-spoonful2 hot water1 two table-spoonfuls2 loaf sugar1 as much as may be agreeable4 ,such nourishment will alone be sufficient for its support1 until the end of the first three months4 ,at this period1 it may require a small portion of light animal food1 of which1 how to select the most nutritious1 to regulate the quantity1 and to administer it1 after proper intervals1 must depend on the experience of the nurse4 ,experience is often superseded by convenience3 if the child cries1 the nurse attributes it to a want of food1 and1 by her agency1 it is fed almost every hour1 both night and day4 ,it is seldom that a child cries from abstinence1 if it be healthy and free from pain4 ,in the infantile state1 the powers of the digestive organs are much weaker than at a more advanced period of life2 and therefore1 although the food is more simple1 it requires an interval of some hours to convert it into chyle3 if this process be interrupted by frequent feeding1 the chyle will be crude1 and pass off without affording due nourishment to the child4 ,sickness in children arises from the quality or quantity of their food1 unduly administered4 ,the food for children should be light and simple--gruel alone1 or mixed with cow's milk2 mutton broth1 or beef tea2 stale bread1 rusks1 or biscuits1 boiled in water to a proper consistence1 and a little sugar added4 ,the great mortality of children in large towns1 may be attributed to the poverty of their parents1 who cannot purchase the necessary food or clothing1 nor find leisure to attend to cleanliness1 air1 and exercise1 so indispensably necessary to the well-being of their offspring4 ,in the wealthy ranks of society1 these means are easily obtained2 and in the management of their children1 we have only to dread the abuse of these advantages4 ,happy would it be both for rich and poor1 if the superfluities of the one could be transferred for the benefit of the other4 ,when six months old1 a child may be fed every four hours1 when awake4 ,nothing can be more injurious to health than too frequent or irregular meals4 ,children1 if left to themselves1 soon acquire the habit of passing through the night without being fed4 #hci4 ,weaning of children should not take place under six months1 if the mother be in health1 nor be deferred beyond nine months4 ,it cannot be too frequently impressed on the mind of the parent1 that the future health and strength of her child depend on a due supply of the food which nature has provided4 ,regarding her own health1 the chances are that it will be improved--at all events1 it is incumbent on her to make the experiment2 if her strength falls off1 she may at any time retire from the effort1 and engage a wet-nurse4 ,this foster-parent should not be more than thirty years of age1 nor should her milk be more than three months old4 ,she should be in health1 free from scorbutic or scrofulous taints1 from cutaneous scurf1 or eruptions1 perfectly clean in her person1 and extremely neat in her management of whatever concerns the child4 ,she must be sober and temperate3 her diet should consist of a due proportion of bread1 fresh meat1 and vegetables2 her drink1 tea1 chocolate1 and milk and water2 but on no consideration either wine or any other spirituous liquors4 ,these1 if drank by the nurse1 will prove injurious to the child4 #hdj4 ,proper ,medicines for ,infants4--,nature has not only provided food for infants1 but likewise given to them a constitution capable of correcting those slight deviations from health1 to which alone they are liable when properly nursed4 ,this has induced many to assert that medicines are not required in the nursery3 perhaps the assertion might be correct1 if children were suffered to remain in a state of nature3 the further they are removed from it1 the evils they have to contend with bear a proportionate increase4 ,as most of their complaints arise from a want of attention to their food1 to air1 and exercise1 by a prompt and skilful use of medicine1 these complaints may be removed2 therefore1 it is not the use but the abuse of medicine that should be avoided4 ,if a child be tormented by a pin running into the flesh1 no one would contend against the removal of the pin4 ,the diseases to which children are liable1 are sore eyes1 sore ears1 sore head1 scald head1 sickness and vomiting1 thrush1 red gum1 yellow gum1 pain in the bowels1 diarrhea1 dentition1 chilblains1 rickets1 worms1 scrofula1 catarrh1 cough1 measles1 c4 #hda4 ,sore ,eyes frequently occur on the second or third day after the birth1 occasioned by too early an exposure of the child to a cold atmosphere3 the eyelids swell1 become closed1 and discharge a purulent matter4 ,it may be relieved by fomenting the eyelids with equal parts of lime water and elder-flower water4 ,dip some fine old linen cloth into this mixture1 moderately warmed1 and apply it to the eyelids4 ,this is a mild astringent application3 if the swellings should not be reduced by it1 the following1 which is more astringent1 will probably succeed3 ,take of white vitriol1 two grains2 rose-water1 two ounces2 mix them together4 ,should it be necessary1 the quantity of white vitriol may be increased4 #hdb4 ,sore ,ears4--,excoriations of the skin frequently happen either behind the ears1 in the folds of the skin1 on the neck1 in the groins1 or wherever the folds of the skin1 come in contact4 ,wash the skin morning and evening with cold water1 make it perfectly dry with a fine linen cloth1 then shake on lightly the following powder3 ,take white ceruse1 one part2 wheaten starch1 in flour1 three parts2 mix them together4 ,or1 take ,goulard's extract1 ,french brandy1 of each1 one drachm2 rose-water1 four ounces4 ,mix them together1 and apply it with soft linen cloth to the excoriations of the skin4 ,the following liniment may be relied on3 ,take acetate of lead1 one scruple2 rose-water1 half an ounce2 melted beef marrow1 one ounce4 ,rub the acetate of lead in the rose-water1 until they are intimately mixed1 then melt the marrow over a gentle heat2 afterwards pour the mixture upon the marrow by little and little1 taking care that each addition be incorporated with the marrow1 so as to form an uniform mass4 ,this may be applied with a camels'-hair pencil4 #hdc4 ,sore ,head4--,this complaint appears first on the forehead1 in large white spots or scabs1 which1 if neglected1 soon spread over the whole surface of the head4 ,it is sometimes dry1 at others moist1 with a thin1 watery discharge4 ,it is named the crusta lactea1 or milky crust4 ,there are two methods of treating it4 ,nurses encourage the discharge by applying cabbage leaves1 oil-cloth1 c42 this is by no means necessary2 it makes the head offensive1 and the appearance of the child disgusting4 ,it is much better to cure it as soon as possible1 by washing the scabs night and morning with equal parts of brandy and water2 then lay on the following ointment3 ,take1 olive oil1 five drachms2 white wax1 two drachms2 calcined zinc1 one drachm4 ,melt the oil and wax together1 then add the zinc by degrees1 and keep stirring it until they are intimately mixed4 #hdd4 ,scald ,head is totally unlike the preceding disease3 brown-colored scabs appear on the crown of the head1 which discharge a glutinous matter1 and unite the hairs1 so as to prevent their being separated with a comb3 these scabs continue to spread until they occupy the whole of the scalp4 ,keep the hair cut as close as possible1 wash the head with a strong solution of soap in water1 night and morning2 as soon as it can be done1 instead of cutting the hair with scissors1 let it be shaved close once a day4 ,every one has a remedy for this complaint2 perhaps the following ointment will be found one of the most effective3 ,take ,barbadoes tar1 one ounce2 the dust of the lycoperdon1 or puff fungus1 one drachm4 ,mix them well together1 and rub in a part of it to the roots of the hair1 after washing the head with the soap and water4 ,by steadily persevering in these means1 and giving an occasional purge1 the cure will soon be accomplished4 #hde4 ,sickness and ,vomiting4--,soon after the birth1 children are frequently annoyed by these symptoms3 they are occasioned by the indiscreet conduct of the nurses1 who are apt to give either improper food or medicine4 ,at this early period1 as before remarked1 the stomach is incapable of digesting any other food than the milk of its mother2 consequently1 whatever is forced into it1 remains there undigested1 until1 by a convulsive effort1 it is thrown off by vomiting4 ,so long as it remains in the stomach1 the child is restless1 and in other respects indisposed4 ,it may be relieved by a tea-spoonful of castor-oil1 to be repeated1 until one or two motions are occasioned4 ,children who are dry nursed are most subject to sickness and vomiting2 the natural remedy is the breast of a healthy woman4 ,without this relief1 gripings and diarrhea frequently come on and prove fatal4 ,children so circumstanced1 may be relieved by the following emetic3 ,take of ipecacuanha1 two drachms2 boiling water1 four ounces4 ,let them stand together until the water grows cold1 then strain off the liquor4 ,to one ounce of the liquor1 add eight drops of antimonial wine4 ,dose1 two tea-spoonfuls every half hour1 until it excites vomiting4 #hdf4 ,the ,thrush1 or sore mouth1 is a complaint very painful1 and1 if neglected1 fatal to children4 ,when it first comes on1 it resembles small pieces of curd lying loose upon the tongue2 it gradually spreads itself over the inside of the mouth1 but afterwards rapidly advances to the throat1 stomach1 and bowels4 ,therefore1 when the white specks appear1 proper means should be instantly employed to remove them1 or to suspend their progress4 ,if the child be costive1 give the following aperient3 ,take of calcined magnesia1 two scruples2 common mint water1 two ounces2 mix them together4 ,the dose1 a dessert-spoonful every half hour1 until it operates4 ,or1 take of manna1 one ounce2 senna leaves1 one drachm2 common mint-water1 four ounces4 ,boil them together1 until the manna be dissolved1 then strain off the liquor4 ,dose1 two drachms every half hour1 until two or more motions are occasioned4 ,for cleaning the mouth1 take equal parts of borax and white sugar2 rub them together into a fine powder4 ,of this put a small quantity into the child's mouth1 which will be distributed to every part by the motion of its tongue4 ,repeat this application three or four times a day3 if used early1 it will keep the mouth free from white specks1 and remove the complaint in a few days4 ,if1 on the contrary1 it should be neglected1 and suffered to extend to the stomach and bowels1 gentle emetics ought to be employed1 such as the following antimonial emetic3 ,take of antimonial wine1 forty drops2 mint-water1 two ounces4 ,mix them together4 ,dose1 a dessert-spoonful every half hour1 until it excites vomiting4 ,this disease rarely occurs in children1 who take no other food but the milk of the mother1 or foster-parent4 ,it is so far contagious1 that if a healthy child be put to the breast of a woman1 who is suckling another child1 having the thrush1 it will contract this complaint4 #hdg4 ,red ,gum requires no farther attention than keeping the bowels gently open1 and avoiding an exposure to cold air4 ,it is symptomatic of healthy action1 and ought not to be checked4 #hdh4 ,infantile ,jaundice4--,the skin of new-born infants is sometimes tinged with bile1 and gives the appearance of jaundice2 by some it has been named the yellow gum4 ,it seems to be occasioned by the sudden change in the circulation of the blood1 immediately on the birth1 by which an increased flow of blood is conveyed to the liver1 and consequently an increased secretion of bile follows1 which from various causes may be prevented from passing off freely into the intestines4 ,it is attended with no danger1 and is generally removed by mild purgatives4 ,the hare-lip1 frnum lingu1 or tongue-tied1 requires surgical aid4 #hdi4 ,pain in the ,bowels may happen with or without diarrhea1 and is often produced by improper food1 or exposure to cold air4 ,the symptoms are frequent fits of crying1 drawing up the knees towards the bowels1 which are hard and tense to the touch1 accompanied either with an obstinate costiveness1 or thin1 watery1 and frequent evacuations1 slimy1 sour1 and of a green color4 ,this complaint is oftentimes relieved by the following powders3 ,take ,turkey rhubarb1 in very fine powder1 calcined magnesia1 of each1 twelve grains2 compound powder of ipecacuanha1 four grains4 ,mix them well together1 and divide them into six doses3 one to be given night and morning1 to a child under three months2 above that age1 the dose should be increased4 ,the health and diet of the mother1 or nurse1 should be strictly attended to4 ,in some cases the pain is extremely acute1 and the agony of the child is known by its cries4 ,whenever this happens1 the following mixture may be given3 ,take of ,turkey rhubarb1 in fine powder1 twelve grains2 magnesia1 eight grains2 tincture of rhubarb1 one drachm2 syrup of poppies1 two drachms2 simple mint-water1 an ounce and a half4 ,mix them together4 ,dose1 if within the first or second month1 two tea-spoonfuls every fourth hour4 ,the phial should be shaken before the medicine is poured out4 #hej4 ,other remedies for the ,colic in ,infants4--,a great variety of cordials1 spices1 and opiates1 has been recommended1 and frequently used1 to relieve the pain and expel the wind4 ,they may sometimes answer the purpose1 especially in sudden fits of pain in the stomach1 from cold or any other accidental cause4 ,at all times1 they should be sufficiently diluted with water1 cautiously given1 and seldom repeated4 ,when the effects of these medicines go off1 the pain returns2 therefore it is not a desirable mode of obtaining relief4 ,of the cordials1 ,geneva1 mixed with water1 is the least objectionable2 being impregnated with the essential oil of juniper-berries1 it is an excellent and safe carminative4 ,however1 these warm medicines are by no means to be relied on for the removal of the cause of this malady1 their effect being merely temporary3 such as ,godfrey's cordial1 and other nostrums--being compounds of opium1 spices1 and brandy4 ,opium1 when judiciously administered1 is an invaluable remedy2 the dose of it should be most accurately proportioned to the age of the patient1 and urgency of the symptoms1 otherwise it may become a poison2 and1 therefore1 should never be given to children1 unless under the direction of the most skilful in the profession4 ,few nurseries are without a medicine of this kind2 it quiets the pain of the infant1 induces sleep1 and leaves the nurse to her repose4 ,children under this treatment become languid1 pallid1 incapable of exertion1 and1 at length1 rickety4 ,the following anodyne mixture will generally relieve the griping pains of diarrhea3--,take of prepared chalk1 and gum-arabic1 each one drachm2 syrup of white poppies1 three drachms2 ,geneva1 two drachms2 water1 four ounces4 ,mix them together4 ,dose1 a dessert-spoonful after each motion4 ,in bowel-complaints1 chalk has been objected to1 as too powerful an astringent in checking diarrhea suddenly3 this may be obviated by giving it only after each motion4 ,when the bowels have been previously acted on1 either by the rhubarb powders1 or by the antimonial emetic1 the chalk mixture is a never-failing remedy4 ,it may be given with or without opium1 according to the urgency of the symptoms4 ,the following medicine1 by exciting a determination to the skin1 effectually relieves the sufferings of the child3--,take ipecacuanha1 in coarse powder1 two drachms2 boiling water1 four ounces4 ,when cold1 strain off the liquor through a fine piece of linen cloth3 then add to three ounces of this liquor--of ,geneva1 three drachms2 syrup of white poppies1 two drachms4 ,dose1 a dessert-spoonful every fourth hour4 ,when this state of the bowels is followed by convulsions1 the lower extremities1 or the whole body1 should be immersed in a warm bath4 ,during the preparation of a bath1 flannel dipped in warm water and wrung dry1 may be applied to the extremities4 ,leeches and blisters1 under skilful directions1 will subdue the violence of the symptoms4 #hea4 ,convulsions--,are generally symptomatic1 and1 for the most part1 in children1 occasioned by the growth of their teeth3 therefore1 the gums should be carefully examined1 to ascertain whether they arise from this cause2 if so1 the lancet should be immediately and freely used1 to divide the gum down to the teeth4 ,this operation is not painful1 nor in the least degree hazardous1 therefore ought not to be delayed4 #heb4 ,dentition4--,there is no period in infancy that requires more skill and attention1 than that which passes from the first movement of the teeth in their sockets1 to their subsequent advance through the gums4 ,at the birth of the child1 the teeth are lodged within the jaw-bones1 and enveloped by a membrane or bag1 which is distended as the teeth enlarge and press forward1 frequently attended with pain1 fever1 diarrhea1 and convulsions4 ,these symptoms first appear towards the end of the third month1 when the child is said to be breeding its teeth3 they arise from the first enlargement of the teeth in their sockets1 and subside as soon as they pass above the jaw4 ,between the sixth and ninth month1 the teeth as they rise1 press upon the gums1 when the same train of symptoms take place4 ,some children suffer very little pain during this process2 others suffer most severely3 this depends chiefly on the nerves being more or less irritable4 ,when the child preserves its appetite and cheerfulness1 and is free from fever1 no medicine can be required1 except what may be necessary to obviate costiveness4 ,this should be carefully attended to1 as nothing tends more effectually to relieve or prevent the symptoms of dentition1 than a free discharge from the bowels4 ,an increased secretion of saliva marks the first advance of the teeth1 followed1 in irritable habits1 by diarrhea1 fever1 thirst1 and convulsions4 ,the use of the gum-lancet should not be neglected1 whenever the symptoms are urgent4 ,the parents frequently object to this mode of relief1 conceiving it to be a painful operation4 ,as a proof of the contrary1 children that have once been relieved by it1 will eagerly press their gums upon the lancet4 ,if the tooth should not appear after the first use of the lancet1 the incision may be frequently repeated4 ,the symptoms may be relieved by the following emetic3--,take of tartar-emetic1 one grain2 dissolve it in two ounces of distilled water4 ,dose1 two tea-spoonfuls every half-hour1 until it excites vomiting4 ,this remedy will relax the tension of the gums1 and lessen the force of the fever4 ,if the habit of the child should be costive1 the mildest purgatives should be employed1 to occasion two or more motions daily--such as manna1 dissolved in common mint-water2 or senna-tea2 or the following3--,take of senna leaves1 one drachm2 the yellow rind of the lemon1 eight grains3 boil them in two ounces of water2 strain off the liquor1 when cold2 and give a dessert-spoonful as a dose for children three or four months old4 ,or1 take manna and fresh-drawn oil of sweet almonds1 of each1 one ounce2 syrup of roses1 two ounces3 mix them together4 ,dose1 a dessert-spoonful4 #hec4 ,the ,croup--,at its commencement has the appearance of common catarrh1 but speedily assumes its peculiar character1 which is marked by hoarseness1 with a shrillness and ringing sound in coughing and breathing2 so shrill is the noise made by the child1 that it resembles the sound of air forced through a tube of brass4 ,this inflammation1 seated in the membrane which lines the windpipe1 is attended with stricture1 difficult respiration1 cough1 quick pulse1 heat1 and a flushed countenance4 ,this disease comes on suddenly1 and is extremely rapid in its progress2 therefore1 vigorous measures must be instantly adopted4 ,give an emetic1 then apply a blister across the throat1 and keep the bowels open with laxative injections4 #hed4 ,cure for ,croup4--,dr4 ,fisher1 of ,boston1 relates in a late number of the ,medical ,journal1 a case in which a severe attack of croup was cured by the application of sponge1 wrung out of hot water1 to the throat1 together with water treatment1 which he describes as follows3-- ,soon after making the first application of sponges to the throat1 ,i wrapped the child in a woolen blanket1 wrung out in warm water1 as a substitute for a warm bath1 and gave twenty drops of the wine of antimony in a little sweetened water1 which was swallowed with difficulty4 ,i persevered in the application of the hot1 moist sponges for an hour1 when the child was so much relieved that ,i ventured to leave it4 ,these applications were continued through the night1 and in the morning the child was well4 ,it will never do to trifle with this terrible disease4 ,the quicker the remedies are applied1 the better4 ,instead of antimony1 we would recommend small quantities of alum water1 given every ten or fifteen minutes1 until the child vomits4 #hee4 ,rickets--,are1 for the most part1 induced by improper food and bad nursing4 ,their approach is marked by a sickly1 pallid countenance1 cough1 and difficult respiration4 ,the bones of the legs and arms lose their firmness1 and become more or less crooked2 the bones of the head do not unite1 and the spine becomes distorted4 ,at its first appearance it may be successfully counteracted by a strict attention to cleanliness in every thing that concerns the child1 by exercise in the open air1 by cold bathing1 by friction of the limbs night and morning1 and by a light1 nutritious diet4 ,before the use of the bath1 the bowels should be cleared by the following aperient powder3-- ,take of ,rhubarb1 in fine powder1 six grains2 calcined magnesia1 three grains2 common mint-water1 six drachms4 ,mix them together4 ,during the use of the cold bath1 either ,peruvian bark or steel may be employed to strengthen the child3 such as1 ,the precipitate of the sulphate of iron1 three grains2 syrup of cinnamon1 a tea-spoonful4 ,when mixed1 to be taken three times a-day4 ,or1 take of the resinous extract of bark1 one drachm2 the syrup of cinnamon1 seven drachms4 ,mix them together4 ,the dose1 a tea-spoonful1 three times a-day4 #hef4 ,scrofula4--,although it has been considered as an hereditary disease1 may be induced in a child1 whose parents have no such taint1 by a neglect of proper food1 air and exercise4 ,on the contrary1 when the taint does exist in the parent1 the offspring may pass through life with the enjoyment of tolerable health1 by a strict attention to those means which are known to invigorate the body4 ,of preventives1 there are none so efficacious as sea air1 sea bathing1 and the internal use of the sea water1 in sufficient quantity to act on the bowels1 and the local application of it to the glands which are enlarged4 ,indeed1 the children of diseased parents should reside on the coast1 in order to have the full benefit of these advantages4 ,friction should be applied generally on the surface of the body1 with the hand covered with a flannel glove1 night and morning4 ,food of easy digestion is to be preferred1 such as shell-fish1 game1 poultry1 beef or mutton4 ,bark and steel1 as medicines1 may be occasionally administered with good effect4 ,this disease1 which bids defiance to the regular physician1 cannot with propriety be placed on the list of casualties1 or sudden seizures4 #heg4 ,worms4--,there are three species of worms which infest the intestines3 namely1 the flat worm1 or tnia2 the long1 round worm1 lumbrici2 the short1 round worm1 or ascarides4 ,the tnia is of rare occurrence when compared with the lumbrici or ascarides1 but more difficult to remove4 ,full doses of sulphate of iron1 with occasional active doses of calomel1 force them to retire4 ,the lumbrici are destroyed by repeated doses of calomel and scammony4 ,the ascarides1 being found in the lowest portion of the intestines1 are easily removed by injections of lime-water1 or a solution of aloes4 ,parents who would preserve their children from worms1 ought to allow them plenty of exercise in the open air2 to take care that their food be wholesome and sufficiently solid2 and1 as far as possible1 to prevent their eating raw herbs1 roots1 or green trashy fruits4 ,it will not be amiss to allow a child who is subject to worms1 a glass of red wine after meals2 as every thing that braces and strengthens the stomach1 is good both for preventing and expelling these vermin4 ,in order to prevent any mistake of what ,i have here said in favor of solid food1 it may be proper to observe1 that ,i only made use of that word in opposition to slops of every kind2 not to advise parents to cram their children with meat1 two or three times a-day4 ,this should only be allowed at dinner1 and in moderate quantities1 or it would create1 instead of preventing1 worms2 for there is no substance in nature which generates so many worms as the flesh of animals1 when in a state of putrefaction4 ,meat1 therefore1 at the principal meal1 should always be accompanied with plenty of good bread1 and young1 tender1 and well-boiled vegetables2 especially in the spring1 when these are poured forth from the bosom of the earth in such profusion4 ,they promote the end in view1 by keeping the body moderately open1 without the aid of artificial physic4 ,the ripe fruits of autumn produce the same effect2 and1 from their cooling1 antiputrescent qualities1 are as wholesome as the unripe are pernicious4 ,i also very earnestly conjure parents not to take the alarm at every imaginary symptom of worms1 and directly run for drugs to the quack1 or apothecary4 ,they should first try the good effects of proper diet and regimen1 and never have recourse to medicines till after unequivocal proofs of the nature of the complaint4 ,honey and milk are very good for worms2 so is strong salt water2 likewise1 powdered sage and molasses taken freely4 #heh4 ,quinsy--,is the common inflammatory sore throat1 attended by a sense of heat and fulness in the throat1 by difficult deglutition1 generally preceded by shivering1 with a sense of coldness4 ,on inspection1 the tonsils appear red and enlarged4 ,these symptoms continuing to increase1 the patient is threatened with suffocation1 the tonsils suppurate1 when1 by a spontaneous bursting of the abscess1 relief instantly follows4 ,it often happens that the abscess does not give way so soon as expected1 when the puncture of a lancet puts an end to the alarming sufferings of the patient4 ,in some cases1 the quantity of matter contained in the tumor is very considerable1 and instances have occurred1 when1 from the sudden bursting of the tumor1 the patient being in a horizontal position1 suffocation has followed1 from the matter falling into the lungs4 ,to guard against these evils1 an emetic of ipecacuanha should be administered1 and a blister applied to the neck4 ,as soon as the effect of the emetic has ceased1 and the stomach will receive it1 give the following aperient mixture3--,take of tartarized kali1 three drachms2 infusion of senna1 two ounces2 tincture of senna1 two drachms4 ,mix them together4 ,if blisters are objected to1 a piece of fine flannel1 moistened with the compound spirit of ammonia1 may be placed round the neck4 ,gargles are to be used in every stage of this disease2 at first1 they should be mildly detergent1 as the following3--,take of barley-water1 six ounces and a half2 honey of roses1 one ounce2 tincture of myrrh1 and vinegar1 of each1 two drachms4 ,mix them together1 and cleanse the mouth and throat with some of the gargle from time to time4 ,when the violence of the symptoms begins to subside1 a sharper gargle becomes necessary2 for this purpose the following is recommended3--,take of infusion of red roses1 seven ounces2 honey of roses1 one ounce2 diluted sulphuric acid1 twenty drops4 ,mix them together4 ,throughout the course of this disease1 keep the bowels open with mild purgatives or laxative injections4 ,when the swelling of the tonsils comes on rapidly1 send instantly for a surgeon4 #hei4 ,whooping ,cough4--,this is a violent1 convulsive cough1 attended at first with slight febrile symptoms4 ,its shortest duration is three weeks2 during this time1 the symptoms may be rendered milder1 or more aggravated1 by the mode of treatment4 ,during the first three or four weeks1 keep the child or patient in an uniform degree of temperature2 if possible1 never below #fd degrees of ,fahrenheit's scale4 ,the diet should be light1 chiefly bread1 milk1 and vegetables with butter4 ,rice or ,indian puddings1 with plenty of molasses1 are good food for children in this disease4 ,if the cough is very violent1 and the phlegm hard in the throat1 a gentle emetic of ipecacuanha1 or some preparation of antimony1 should be given every second or third morning1 to clear the stomach from the mucus which1 in this cough1 is constantly secreted4 ,by these means1 the violence of the disease will soon be overcome2 whereas1 by an exposure to cold air1 and neglecting all precautions1 you may aggravate and continue the cough for months4 ,in the summer1 change of air is one of the best remedies2 and be sure to avoid whatever has a tendency to irritate the throat1 or excite the action of the heart4 ,in this1 as in every other disease1 the state of the bowels should be carefully attended to4 ,a mild aperient is sometimes necessary4 #hfj4 ,colds4--,the best preventive of colds1 is to wash your children every day thoroughly in cold water1 if they are strong enough to bear it2 if not1 add a little warm water1 and rub the skin dry4 ,this keeps the pores open4 ,if they do take cold1 give them a warm bath as soon as possible2 if that is not convenient1 bathe the feet and hands1 and wash the body all over in warm water2 then give a cup of warm tea1 and cover the patient in bed4 #hfa4--;,if a ,sore ,throat follow1 take a tumbler of molasses and water1 half-and-half1 when going to bed2 and rub the throat with a mixture of sweet or goose-oil and spirits of turpentine2 then wear flannel round it4 #hfb4 ,canker1 or ,sore ,month4--,steep blackberry-leaves1 sweeten with honey1 sprinkle in a little burnt alum1 and wash the mouth often with this decoction4 #hfc4 ,cutaneous ,eruptions in ,children4--,children1 while on the breast1 are seldom free from eruptions of one kind or other4 ,these1 however1 are not often dangerous1 and ought never to be dried up but with the greatest caution4 ,they tend to free the bodies of infants from hurtful humors1 which1 if retained1 might produce fatal disorders4 ,the eruptions of children are chiefly owing to improper food and neglect of cleanliness4 ,if a child be stuffed at all hours with food that its stomach is not able to digest1 such food not being properly assimilated1 instead of nourishing the body1 fills it with gross humors4 ,these must either break out in form of eruptions upon the skin1 or remain in the body1 and occasion fevers and other internal disorders4 ,eruptions are the effect of improper food1 or want of cleanliness3 a proper attention to these alone will generally be sufficient to remove them4 ,if this should not be the case1 some drying medicines will be necessary4 ,when they are applied1 the body ought at the same time to be kept open1 and cold is carefully to be avoided4 ,we know no medicine that is more safe for drying up cutaneous eruptions than sulphur1 provided it be prudently used4 ,a little of the flour of sulphur may be mixed with fresh butter1 oil1 or hog's lard1 and the parts affected frequently touched with it4 ,the most obstinate of all the eruptions incident to children are1 the tinea capitis1 or scabbed head1 and chilblains4 ,the scabbed head is often exceedingly difficult to cure1 and sometimes1 indeed1 the cure proves worse than the disease4 ,i have frequently known children seized with internal disorders1 of which they died soon after their scabbed heads had been healed by the application of drying medicines4 ,the cure ought always first to be attempted by keeping the head very clean1 cutting off the hair1 combing and brushing away the scabs1 c4 ,if this is not sufficient1 let the head be shaved once a-week1 washed daily with yellow soap1 and gently anointed with a liniment made of train-oil1 eight ounces1 red precipitate1 in fine powder1 one drachm4 ,and if there be proud flesh1 it should be touched with a bit of blue vitriol1 or sprinkled with a little burnt alum4 ,while these things are doing1 the patient must be confined to a regular light diet1 the body should be kept gently open1 and cold1 as far as possible1 ought to be avoided4 ,to prevent any bad consequences from stopping this discharge1 it will be proper1 especially in children of a gross habit1 to make an issue in the neck or arm1 which may be kept open till the patient becomes more strong1 and the constitution be somewhat mended4 #hfd4 ,wounded ,feet4--,when a nail or pin has been run into the foot1 instantly bind on a rind of salt pork2 if the foot swell1 bathe it in a strong decoction of wormwood1 then bind on another rind of pork1 and keep quiet till the wound is well4 ,the lockjaw is often caused by such wounds1 if neglected4 #hfe4 ,for a ,bruise or ,sprain4--,bathe the part in cold water1 till you can get ready a decoction of wormwood4 ,this is one of the best remedies for sprains and bruises4 ,when the wormwood is fresh gathered1 pound the leaves and wet them either with water or vinegar1 and bind them on the bruise2 when the herb is dry1 put it into cold water1 and let it boil a short time1 then bathe the bruise and bind on the herb4 ,always keep cotton wool1 scraped lint1 and wormwood on hand4 #hff4 ,ear-ache in ,children4--,the ear-ache is usually caused by a sudden cold4 ,steam the head over hot herbs1 bathe the feet1 and put into the ear cotton wool wet with sweet oil and paregoric4 #hfg4 ,to make ,artificial ,sea ,water1 for bathing ,children4--,take common sea salt1 two pounds2 bitter purging salt1 two ounces1 magnesia earth1 half an ounce2 dissolve all in river water1 six gallons4 ,these are the exact proportions and contents of sea water1 from an accurate analyzation4 #hfh4 ,another method of making ,sea ,water4--,take common salt1 half an ounce2 rain1 or river water1 pure1 a pint2 spirit of sea salt1 twenty drops4 ,mix it4 #hfi4 ,valuable concise ,rules for preserving ,health in ,winter4--,keep the feet from wet1 and the head well defended when in bed2 avoid too plentiful meals2 drink moderately warm and generous1 but not inflaming liquors2 go not abroad without breakfast4 ,shun the night air as you would the plague2 and let your houses be kept from damps by warm fires4 ,by observing these few and simple rules1 better health may be expected than from the use of the most powerful medicines4 #hgj4 ,avoid1 as much as possible1 living near ,church-yards4--,the putrid emanations arising from church-yards are very dangerous2 and parish-churches1 in which many corpses are interred1 become impregnated with an air so corrupted1 especially in spring1 when the ground begins to grow warm1 that it is prudent to avoid this evil as much as possible1 as it may be1 and1 in some cases1 has been1 one of the chief sources of putrid fevers which are so prevalent at that season4 #hga4 ,cautions in visiting ,sick ,rooms4--,do not venture into a sick room if you are in a violent perspiration2 for the moment your body becomes cold1 it is in a state likely to absorb the infection2 nor visit a sick person1 7if the complaint be of a contagious nature17 with an empty stomach1 nor swallow your saliva4 ,in attending a sick person1 place yourself where the air passes from the door or window1 to the bed of the invalid1 not between the invalid and the fire1 as the heat of the fire will draw the infectious vapor in that direction1 and you would run much danger from breathing in it4 #hgb4 ,syncope1 or ,fainting4--,when fainting comes on from loss of blood1 inanition1 or sudden emotions of the mind1 the patient should be placed in a horizontal position1 with the head gently raised4 ,volatile salts should be applied to the nose1 and when the patient is sufficiently recovered1 a few spoonfuls of warm cordial medicine should be administered4 #hgc4 ,preventive of ,autumnal ,rheumatisms4--,for the sake of bright and polished stoves1 do not1 when the weather is cold1 refrain from making fires4 ,there is not a more useful document for health to the inhabitants of this climate1 than follow your feelings4 #hgd4 ,to promote ,sleep4--,no fire1 candle1 rush-light1 or lamp1 should be kept burning1 during the night1 in a bed-room2 for it not only vitiates the air1 but disturbs the nerves of the child4 ,keep the bed-chamber well ventilated--this greatly promotes healthful rest4 #hge4 ,useful ,properties of ,celandine4--,the juice of this plant cures tetters and ring-worms1 destroys warts1 and cures the itch4 #hgf4 ,singularly useful ,properties of ,garlic4--,the smell of garlic1 which is formidable to many ladies1 is1 perhaps1 the most infallible remedy in the world against the vapors1 and all the nervous disorders to which women are subject4 ,of this 7says ,st4 ,pierre7 ,i have had repeated experience4 #hgg4 ,the ,usefulness of two common ,plants4--,every plant in the corn-field possesses virtues particularly adapted to the maladies incident to the condition of the laboring man4 ,the poppy cures the pleurisy1 procures sleep1 stops hemorrhages1 and spitting of blood4 ,poppy seeds form an emulsion similar to that from almonds in every respect1 when prepared in the same manner4 ,they also yield1 by expression1 fine salad oil1 like that from ,florence4 ,the blue-bottle is diuretic1 vulnerary1 cordial1 and cooling2 an antidote to the stings of venomous insects1 and a remedy for inflammation of the eyes4 ,,qualifications ,,of ,a ,,good ,,nurse4 #hgh4 ,good ,temper4--,an even temper is among the principal qualifications1 if not the most desirable one1 for a good nurse2 and without this gentleness and a kind manner1 she must be considered deficient4 #hgi4 ,firmness4--,next in importance to good temper1 are firmness and decision of character1 the exercise of which is frequently1 or rather absolutely indispensable1 in the management of the sick4 #hhj4 ,discrimination4--,this talent enables the nurse to distinguish between circumstances which1 to an unobserving person1 appear nearly allied to each other1 but where there is1 in reality1 an important difference4 ,it is only or generally acquired by experience and observation1 and requires good sense as its foundation and support4 ,it is the faculty of right judgment4 #hha4 ,self-denial4--,the business of taking care of the sick1 if rightly attended to1 requires a devotion to the interests and wants of the patient1 which can only be given by the good nurse1 who can willingly1 and from her heart1 practise the heavenly precepts of doing as she would be done by1 and denying herself any indulgences that interfere with her duties4 #hhb4 ,general ,intelligence4--,another important qualification of a good nurse1 is such knowledge of reading1 and subjects of general interest1 as make her able to interest and amuse her patient during the weary hours of slow recovery1 or desponding intervals of intermitting diseases4 #hhc4 ,abstinence from improper habits4--,the habit of using snuff in any manner--smoking--sipping intoxicating liquors--taking opium--or indulging in any improper and disagreeable habit of actions or expressions1 should be carefully avoided by those who hold the responsible and important station of nurses of the sick4 #hhd4 ,cleanliness4--,this is a cardinal virtue2 and no woman can be a good nurse who is careless in her own apparel1 and slatternly in her habits4 ,in the preparation of food for the sick1 the most scrupulous neatness should be observed4 #hhe4 ,industry1 ,economy1 and ,good ,housewifery4--,all three of these qualifications are essential1 and usually associated in the same person2 but1 the exercise of qualities is necessary to their improvement--and a nurse who has proved herself competent1 is most worthy of being trusted4 #hhf4 ,prudence and ,piety4--,the principles of true discretion1 or prudence of character1 are based on the ,christian religion1 as are all the moral virtues4 ,the nurse must be religious1 or she will rarely be discreet2 and the opportunities constantly afforded her of influencing the mind and heart of her patient1 render her station one of great trust and responsibility4 ,a good nurse is a woman that deserves honor as well as reward4 #hhg4 ,rules for the ,nurse4--#a4 ,keep the patient's room quiet1 well-aired1 and clean as possible4 #b4 ,never excite disagreeable mental emotions in the sick1 by telling sad stories and melancholy news2 nor allow the presence of unpleasant persons or objects4 #c4 ,never whisper1 nor seem to be telling what the sick are not permitted to hear4 #d4 ,administer to the necessities of the invalid1 promptly and kindly2 but do not worry him with questions and constant attentions1 when these are not needed4 #e4 ,never disturb the quiet sleep of the patient1 even to give medicine1 unless peremptorily charged to do so by the physician4 ,a refreshing sleep is often better than medicine1 for the sick2 but do not sleep yourself1 and allow the suffering one to lie awake1 and needing your care4 #hhh4 ,administering ,medicine4--,there are certain rules1 if observed in giving medicine1 that will render the duty less disagreeable to the nurse1 by making it more tolerable to the patient4 #ast4 ,select the most agreeable and suitable ingredient in which it is to be exhibited4 #b;d4 ,take as small a quantity of this as can possibly be made to answer the purpose of mixing4 #c;d4 ,if it be disagreeable to the taste1 prepare the mouth for its reception by holding in1 and rinsing it with some acid1 as strong vinegar1 lemon juice1 or something of the kind4 #dth4 ,never mix the medicine within sight or hearing of the patient4 #eth4 ,let it be prepared without her knowledge2 and insist upon its being taken immediately upon being presented1 for the longer her mind is permitted to dwell upon it1 the more abhorrent it will become4 #fth4 ,endeavor to destroy the taste and smell as much as possible1 by any appropriate means1 when it has not been done by the apothecary or physician4 #gth4 ,let the mouth be well rinsed with the acid after taking it1 and let a swallow or two of lemonade1 or some other admissible drink1 be taken4 #hhi4 ,plasters and ,poultices--,mustard ,plasters4--,take a sufficient quantity of bread crumbs finely rubbed1 add mustard in proportion to the required strength2 form a poultice of the proper consistency1 by adding vinegar or water4 ,dr4 ,wood thinks water preferable1 as he is of the opinion that vinegar destroys an essential property of the mustard4 ,mustard employed for this purpose should be whole grain1 fresh as can be procured1 and bruised or mashed in a mortar1 or by any other convenient means4 ,when mustard cannot be procured1 horse radish leaves may be substituted2 they must be rolled with a rolling-pin1 to mash and make soft the hard stems1 and withered by pouring over them a little scalding water4 ,after they have been applied1 the feet must be frequently examined to see that they do not get cold4 ,often more harm than good is done by the nurse neglecting this part of her duty4 ,burdock and cabbage leaves are frequently directed to be applied to the feet2 they are prepared in the same manner1 and require the same attention4 #hij4 ,spice ,plaster4--,pulverized cloves1 cinnamon1 and ,cayenne pepper1 half an ounce each2 mix1 and add flour and wine of galls1 or diluted spirits1 to form this plaster2 lay it hot on the region of the stomach4 ,it is excellent for pains and spasms4 #hia4 ,alum ,cataplasm4--,take any quantity of the white of eggs2 agitate it with a large lump of alum1 till it be coagulated4 #hib4 ,cataplasm of common ,salt4--,take crumbs of bread1 and linseed meal1 of each equal parts2 water1 saturated with salt1 a sufficient quantity to give it a proper consistency4 ,this poultice may be applied to the indolent swellings of the glands1 in scrofulous habits1 where the patient is deprived of the benefit of the sea air and water4 ,a constant use of it will frequently occasion great inflammation of the skin1 requiring a suspension of its use for a few days2 but as soon as the inflammation subsides1 it should be repeated4 ,by the use of this poultice1 strumous humors1 and scrofulous enlargements1 of a chronic nature1 have been totally dispersed4 #hic4 ,cerate of ,cantharides4--,take of spermaceti ointment1 six drachms2 cantharides1 in fine powder1 one drachm4 ,mix them together4 ,this is the proper application to keep up a constant discharge from the part to which a blister has been applied4 #hid4 ,bark ,poultice4--,take of ,peruvian bark1 one ounce3 sprinkle it over a piece of thick muslin of the required size2 take another piece of the same size2 lay it over the bark1 and quilt them together1 to keep the bark to its place2 moisten it with brandy or vinegar4 ,some of the aromatics may be used in conjunction with the bark1 if indicated4 ,let it be worn over the stomach and bowels4 ,it has proved singularly beneficial in cases of obstinate intermittents1 and debility arising therefrom4 #hie4 ,mush ,poultice4--,mush poultices are sometimes ordered2 this constitutes an invaluable application in cases of violent pain in the stomach and bowels1 such as colic1 cramp1 c4 ,it is made by simply boiling the corn-meal until it attains the proper consistency4 ,it must be spread on a cloth1 and applied as warm as can be endured4 ,we have known the most inveterate cases relieved by it in fifteen minutes4--,shore4 ,,food ,,for ,,the ,,sick ,,and ,,for ,,children4 #hif4 ,a few rules1 the reasons for which may be found in the ,introductory ,remarks of ,mrs4 ,hale's ,new ,cook ,book1 will be of some advantage here3-- ,first4 ,select those substances that are the most soluble--that are readily converted into chyle by the gastric juice4 ,second4 ,those that experience has shown to be the most nutritious4 ,third4 ,those that contain the least amount of stimulus4 ,fourth4 ,these to be given in quantity and frequency proportioned to the general strength or debility of the patient4 ,by careful observation1 the feelings of the invalid will be found to furnish the most unequivocal evidence of the truth of the foregoing principles--any deviation from which will soon be attended with symptoms more or less unpleasant4 #hig4 ,arrow-root--,contains1 in small bulk1 a greater proportion of nourishment than any other farinaceous substance yet known4 ,take of arrow-root1 one table-spoonful2 sweet milk1 half a pint2 boiling-water1 half a pint3 boil these together for a few moments4 #hih4 ,arrow-root ,jelly4--,take one spoonful of arrow-root1 and cold water sufficient to form a paste2 add one pint of boiling water3 stir it briskly1 and boil it a few minutes1 when it will become a smooth1 clear jelly4 ,a little sugar and sherry wine may be added1 for debilitated patients2 but for infants1 a drop or two of the essence of caraway-seed or cinnamon is preferable1 wine being very apt to become acid in the stomach of infants1 and thus disagree with the bowels4 #hii4 ,sago4--,take two table-spoonfuls of sago1 and one pint of boiling water2 stir together1 and boil gently1 until it thickens4 ,wine1 sugar1 and nutmeg may be added1 according to circumstances4 #ijj4 ,boiled ,flour4--,take of fine flour1 one pound2 tie it up in a linen cloth as tight as possible1 and1 after frequently dipping it in cold water1 dredge the outside with flour1 till a crust is formed round it1 which will prevent the water soaking into it while boiling4 ,it is then to be boiled until it becomes a hard1 dry mass4 ,two or three spoonfuls of this may be grated1 and prepared in the same manner as arrow-root1 for which it forms an excellent substitute1 and can be obtained in the country1 where1 perhaps1 the other cannot4 #ija4 ,a nourishing ,jelly for a ,sick ,person4--,put into a stone jar or jug1 a set of calf's-feet1 cut in pieces1 a quart of milk1 five pints of water1 a little mace1 half an ounce of isinglass1 and a handful of hartshorn shavings4 ,tie some brown paper over the jug1 and put it into the oven with household bread4 ,when done1 strain it through a sieve2 and when cold1 take off the fat4 ,some of it may occasionally be warmed up with wine and sugar4 ,it is good taken as broth1 with herbs4 #ijb4 ,restorative4--,one ounce of candied eringo-root1 one ounce of sago1 one ounce of pearl-barley1 and one ounce of rice4 ,boil them in four quarts of water1 till reduced to half that quantity4 ,take a dessert-spoonful either in milk or wine4 #ijc4 ,vegetable ,soup4--,take one turnip1 one potato1 and one onion2 let them be sliced1 and boiled in one quart of water for an hour2 add as much salt and parsley as is agreeable1 and pour the whole on a slice of toasted bread4 #ijd4 ,egg ,gruel4--,boil a pint of new milk2 beat two new-laid eggs to a light froth1 and pour in while the milk boils3 stir them together thoroughly1 but do not let them boil1 sweeten it with the best of loaf-sugar1 and grate in a whole nutmeg2 add a little salt1 if you like it4 ,drink half of it while it is warm1 and the other half in two hours4 ,it is said to be good for the dysentery1 as well as nourishing4 #ije4 ,rice ,jelly4--,boil a quarter of a pound of rice-flour with half a pound of loaf-sugar1 in a quart of water1 till the whole becomes one glutinous mass2 then strain off the jelly1 and let it stand to cool4 ,this food is very nourishing and beneficial to invalids4 #ijf4 ,gruels4--,have ready a pint of boiling water1 and mix three large spoonfuls of finely-sifted oat-meal1 rye1 or ,indian1 in cold water2 pour it into the skillet while the water boils2 let it boil eight or ten minutes4 ,throw in a large handful of raisins to boil1 if the patient is well enough to bear them4 ,when put in a bowl1 add a little salt1 white sugar1 and nutmeg4 #ijg4 ,stewed ,prunes4--,stew them very gently in a small quantity of water1 till the stones slip out4 ,physicians consider them safe nourishment in fevers4 ,,drinks ,,for ,,the ,,sick4 #ijh4 ,water is the beverage prepared by the bountiful ,creator to allay the thirst of all living creatures on the earth2 and when the bare quenching of thirst is the object1 clear1 pure cold water is the best drink that can be given3 but1 when other objects are to be attained1 a combination becomes necessary1 into which1 generally1 enters an acid1 an alkali1 a stimulus1 a tonic1 or some article of nourishment4 ,in bilious diseases1 acidulated drinks are often found beneficial--and one of the best of these is in the form of lemonade4 #iji4 ,lemonade4--,take fresh lemon-juice1 four ounces2 fresh and very thin-peeled lemon1 half an ounce2 white sugar1 four ounces2 boiling water1 three pints4 ,let this mixture stand till cold1 then strain for use4 ,as this drink sometimes causes pain in the bowels1 it should not be drank too freely4 #iaj4 ,apple-,water4--,take one tart apple of ordinary size1 well baked2 let it be well mashed2 pour on it one pint of boiling water2 beat them well together2 let it stand to cool1 and strain it off for use4 ,add loaf-sugar1 if the patient desire it4 #iaa4 ,vinegar ,mixture4--,take of good vinegar three ounces1 water1 one pint2 loaf-sugar1 two-and-a-half ounces4 ,,alkalescent ,,drinks4 #iab4 ,these are used for what is commonly termed1 a sour stomach--heart-burn--arising from indigestion4 ,the following is the combination employed by an eminent physician1 in his own case4 #iac4 ,dyspeptic ,ley4--,take of hickory ashes1 #a quart2 soot1 two ounces2 boiling water1 #a gallon4 ,mix1 and let them stand for twenty-four hours1 frequently stirring the ingredients2 then pour off the ley1 and bottle it up4 ,a tea-cup of this liquor may be given three times a-day4 ,,stimulating ,,drinks4 #iad4 ,these are given in cases of great debility4 ,madeira1 sherry1 or port wines are usually combined with some other fluid1 like the following4 #iae4 ,wine ,whey4--,take of fresh cow's milk1 half a pint2 white ,madeira wine1 one ounce4 ,boil the milk1 then add the wine4 #iaf4 ,mustard ,whey4--,cow's milk1 #a pint2 bruised mustard seed1 one ounce2 simmer together till the curd separates1 then add half a pint of ,madeira wine4 ,a spoonful of this to be taken every hour or two1 in low fevers and cases of debilitated stomachs4 ,,tonic ,,drinks4 #iag4 ,decoction of ,peruvian ,bark4--,peruvian bark1 bruised1 one ounce2 cold water1 one pint4 ,boil together for ten minutes1 then add half an ounce of ,virginia snake-root1 and two drachms of orange-peel1 bruised4 ,keep the infusion near the fire for half an hour1 in a close vessel4 ,a wine-glassful may be taken every hour4 #iah4 ,columbo ,root and ,ginger4--,colombo root1 bruised1 one ounce2 ginger1 two drachms2 boiling water1 one pint4 ,let them infuse one hour by the fire2 and give of the strained liquor 7cold7 a wine-glassful every two hours4 ,this infusion1 when freely used1 has proved successful in bowel complaint 7chronic diarrhea7 of long standing4 #iai4 ,peruvian ,bark and ,valerian4--,for this decoction1 take ,peruvian bark1 bruised1 one ounce2 water1 one pint2 take of ,valerian root1 one ounce2 boiling water1 one pint2 infuse for one hour and strain4 ,add the decoction of bark to this infusion1 and give a tea-cupful1 cold1 three or four times a-day4 ,this is chiefly employed in rheumatic headache in which it is sometimes very serviceable4 ,it was a favorite prescription of the late ,dr4 ,parrish4 #ibj4 ,chamomile and ,orange-peel4--,for this infusion1 take chamomile-flowers1 one ounce2 orange-peel1 half an ounce2 cold water1 three pints2 soak together twenty-four hours4 ,take a tea-cupful four times a-day4 ,the chamomile infusion is more agreeable to the taste when cold1 and is less apt to spoil than when made of boiling water4 #iba4 ,wild ,cherry-tree ,bark4--,take of this bark1 dried and bruised1 one ounce2 orange-peel1 bruised1 two drachms2 water1 one pint4 ,boil the bark alone for ten minutes1 then add the orange-peel4 ,take a wine-glassful1 cold1 twice a-day4 #ibb4 ,dog-wood ,bark4--,dog-wood bark1 bruised1 one ounce2 water1 one pint4 ,boil for twenty or thirty minutes and strain4 ,a wine-glassful may be given every hour4 ,this is a very good substitute for ,peruvian bark in fever-and-ague4 #ibc4 ,sage ,tea4--,night sweats have been cured1 when more powerful remedies had failed1 by fasting morning and night1 and drinking cold sage tea constantly and freely4 #ibd4 ,gentian-root ,infusion4--,gentian-root1 half an ounce2 orange-peel1 pounded1 two drachms2 hot water1 one pint4 ,let these stand an hour4 ,this will be found useful in debility of the digestive organs4 ,a wine-glassful may be given every two or three hours4 #ibe4 ,infusion for ,rheumatism4--,one ounce of gum-guaiacum must be bruised and put into a pint of ,french brandy1 in which it must remain for at least thirty hours4 ,when the gum is dissolved1 shake the bottle1 and pour a little of this infusion into rather more than a wine-glassful of tepid water2 take this at bed-time1 for three nights4 #ibf4 ,mixture for ,rheumatism4--,one ounce of salad mustard must be simmered in a pint of soft water1 till the liquor is reduced to half a pint2 strain it through muslin1 and add a pint of milk1 fresh from the cow4 ,let it boil only two minutes1 and take a small tea-cupful1 milk-warm1 night and morning4 ,,nutritive ,,drinks4 #ibg4 ,the best ,method of obtaining pure ,soft ,water for ,medicinal ,purposes1 without distilling it4--,place an earthen pan in the fields1 at a considerable distance from the smoke of any town1 to catch the rain as it falls4 ,people living in the country1 can easily save this clean1 pure rain-water4 ,set it for an hour in a cool cellar1 or put ice into it1 and it is the most reviving drink for a thirsty invalid4 #ibh4 ,toast and ,water4--,toast thin slices of bread on both sides carefully2 then pour cold water over the bread and cover it tight for one hour2 or use boiling water1 and let it cool4 #ibi4 ,waters for cooling ,draughts of ,preserved or ,fresh ,fruits--,apple ,water1 ,lemon ,water1 c4--,pour boiling water on the preserved or fresh fruits1 sliced2 or squeeze out the juice1 boil it with sugar1 and add water4 #icj4 ,barley ,water4--,take pearl barley1 two ounces2 wash it1 till it be freed from dust1 in cold water3 afterwards boil it in a quart of water for a few minutes1 strain off the liquor1 and throw it away4 ,then boil it in four pints and a half of water1 until it be reduced one half4 #ica4 ,laxative ,whey4--,take of the dried buds of the damask rose1 one ounce2 rennet whey1 one quart4 ,let them stand together twelve hours1 then strain off the liquor1 and add of crystals of tartar1 and white sugar1 a suitable proportion1 to render it more active1 and at the same time more palatable4 #icb4 ,wine ,whey4--,wine whey is a cooling and safe drink in fevers4 ,set half a pint of sweet milk at the fire1 pour in one glass of wine1 and let it remain perfectly still1 till it curdles2 when the curds settle1 strain it1 and let it cool4 ,it should not get more than blood-warm4 ,a spoonful of rennet-water hastens the operation4 ,make palatable with loaf-sugar and nutmeg1 if the patient can bear it4 #icc4 ,lemon ,syrup1 for a ,cough4--,to a pint and a half of water1 add two large poppy-heads1 and two large lemons4 ,boil them till they are soft1 press the lemons into the water1 strain the liquor1 and add half a drachm of saffron1 and half a pound of brown sugar-candy1 pounded4 ,boil all together till the sugar-candy is dissolved2 stir the whole till you perceive it will jelly2 strain it a second time1 and take the seeds from the poppies4 #icd4 ,turnip ,syrup1 for a ,cold or ,affection of the ,lungs4--,roast twelve or more fine turnips in an apple roaster1 press the juice from them1 and add sugar-candy to your taste4 ,take a tea-cupful at night and in the morning4 #ice4 ,rose ,gargle4--,take of red rose-buds1 dried1 half an ounce2 boiling water1 two pints2 diluted vitriolic acid1 three drachms2 mix these together1 macerate for half an hour1 and draw off the liquor4 ,sweeten with an ounce of honey4 #icf4 ,detergent ,gargle4--,borax powder1 two drachms2 rose-water1 six ounces2 honey of roses1 one ounce4 ,mix together4 ,to be used in the thrush4 #icg4 ,common ,gargle4--,honey-water1 seven ounces2 honey of roses1 six drachms2 vinegar1 half an ounce2 tincture of myrrh1 two drachms4 ,mix these together4 #ich4 ,starch ,injection4--,take of the jelly of starch1 four ounces2 linseed oil1 half an ounce4 ,mix them over a gentle heat1 and add forty drops of tincture of opium4 ,to be used in alvine fluxes1 to allay the irritation which occasions constant tenesmus4 #ici4 ,spermaceti ,ointment4--,take of spermaceti1 half an ounce2 white wax1 two ounces2 olive oil1 four ounces4 ,melt them together over a slow fire1 and keep stirring till cold4 #idj4 ,elder-flower ,ointment4--,gather the buds or earliest flowers of the elder-bush2 simmer these in fresh butter1 or sweet lard2 it makes a healing and cooling ointment for the skin1 in cutaneous diseases4 #ida4 ,elder-flower ,poultice4--,a poultice of elder-flower tea and biscuit1 is good as a preventive to mortification4 #idb4 ,white-bean ,poultice4--,nothing is so good to take down swellings1 as a soft poultice of stewed white beans1 put on in a thin muslin bag1 and renewed every hour or two4 ,a ,,few ,,simple ,,mixtures1 c4 #idc4 ,squill ,mixture4--,take of the milk of ammoniacum1 four ounces2 syrup of squills1 three ounces2 mix them together4 ,dose1 two large spoonsful every sixth hour4 ,it is efficacious in coughs1 asthma1 and oppression on the chest4 #idd4 ,chalk ,mixture4--,take of prepared chalk1 one ounce2 double refined sugar1 six drachms2 gum arabic1 in powder1 one ounce2 water1 two pints4 ,mix them together4 #ide4 ,camphor ,mixture4--,take of camphor1 one drachm2 rectified spirit of wine1 a few drops4 ,rub them together4 ,add half an ounce of double refined sugar and one pint of boiling distilled1 or rain water4 ,when cold1 strain off the liquor4 #idf4 ,infusion of ,senna4--,take of senna leaves1 one ounce and a half2 ginger1 in powder1 one drachm2 of boiling distilled1 or rain water1 one pint4 ,macerate for an hour4 ,when cold1 strain off the liquor4 #idg4 ,cordial ,julep4--,take of peppermint water1 four ounces2 pimento water1 two ounces2 compound spirit of ammonia1 tincture of castor1 of each two drachms4 ,mix them together4 ,dose1 two large spoonsful4 #idh4 ,mucilage of ,quince ,seed4--,take of quince seeds1 one drachm2 rain or distilled water1 half a pint4 ,boil over a gentle fire1 until the liquor becomes thick and viscid4 #idi4 ,lime ,water4--,take of quick lime1 eight ounces2 rain or distilled water1 twelve pints4 ,suffer them to stand together one hour1 then decant the liquor4 #iej4 ,alum ,whey4--,take of alum1 two drachms2 cow's milk1 one pint4 ,boil them together1 until the curd be formed2 then strain off the liquor1 and add spirit of nutmeg1 two ounces2 syrup of cloves1 one ounce4 ,it is employed with advantage in diabetes1 in uterine and other fluxes4 #iea4 ,whortleberries4--,whortleberries1 commonly called huckleberries1 dried1 are a useful medicine for children4 ,made into tea1 and sweetened with molasses1 they are very beneficial1 when the system is in a restricted state1 and the digestive powers out of order4 #ieb4 ,blackberries4--,blackberries are extremely useful1 in cases of dysentery4 ,to eat the berries is very healthy2 tea1 made of the roots and leaves is beneficial2 and a syrup made of the berries is still better4 ,blackberries have sometimes effected a cure when physicians despaired4 #iec4 ,method of causing ,children to cut their ,teeth easily4--,feed them with an ivory spoon and boat--to be made thick1 round1 and smooth at the edges4 ,ivory being of the same hardness and texture as the jaws and tender teeth1 the gums are not hurt or injured1 but1 when they are thus pressed1 facilitate the teeth in their progress2 whereas1 the silver implements1 being of a hard texture1 and the edges made thin1 bruise and wound the gums1 and make a hard seam2 so that the teeth cannot make their way direct1 and1 if they do cut1 come irregularly2 so that the operation of lancing is frequently absolutely necessary1 which1 of course1 must prejudice the teeth1 as some are exposed before the time they are fit to cut4 ,by this method1 fevers1 convulsions1 c41 owing to the teeth being not able to find their way through the hard seam1 may be prevented4 ,it must be often observed1 that children cry much when feeding1 as if ill1 or disgusted with their food2 whereas it is frequently owing to quite the contrary2 for1 being hungry1 and over eager to take their food1 they press hard1 through eagerness1 on the boat and spoon1 which1 being sharp1 bruises and cuts the gums1 and consequently causes great pain1 which1 by the ivory implements1 will be prevented4 ,those who cannot afford ivory1 may have horn or wood1 or even pewter is greatly preferable to silver1 provided the edges are made thick1 round1 and smooth4 ,the wooden sort1 unless they are kept very sweet and clean1 on that very account1 are the least eligible1 and should be made1 however1 of box1 or such hard and close-textured wood as is the least liable to be tainted by the milky food4 #ied4 ,rules for the ,preservation of the ,teeth and ,gums4--,the teeth are bones1 thinly covered over with a fine enamel1 and this enamel is more or less substantial in different persons4 ,whenever this enamel is worn through by too coarse a powder1 or too frequently cleaning the teeth1 or eaten through by a scorbutic humor in the gums1 the tooth cannot remain long sound1 any more than a filbert-kernel can1 when it has been penetrated by a worm4 ,the teeth1 therefore1 are to be cleaned1 but with great precaution2 for1 if you wear the enamel off faster by cleaning the outside than nature supplies it within1 your teeth will suffer more by this method1 than perhaps by a total neglect4 #iee4 ,stammering4--,impediments in the speech may be cured1 where there is no mal-formation of the organs of articulation1 by perseverance1 for three or four months1 in the simple remedy of reading aloud1 with the teeth closed1 for at least two hours in the course of each day4 #ief4 ,of ,preservers1 and ,rules for the ,preservation of ,sight4--,though it may be impossible to prevent the absolute decay of sight1 whether arising from age1 partial disease1 or illness1 yet1 by prudence and good management1 its natural failure may certainly be retarded1 and the general habits of the eyes strengthened1 which good purposes will be promoted by a proper attention to the following maxims3-- #a4 ,never sit for any length of time in absolute gloom1 or exposed to a blaze of light4 ,the reasons on which this rule is founded1 prove the impropriety of going hastily from one extreme to the other1 whether of darkness or of light1 and show us that a southern aspect is improper for those whose sight is weak and tender4 #b4 ,avoid reading small print4 #c4 ,never read in the dark2 nor1 if the eyes be disordered1 by candle-light4 ,happy those who learn this lesson betimes1 and begin to preserve their sight before they are reminded by pain of the necessity of sparing them4 ,the frivolous attention to a quarter of an hour in the evening1 has cost numbers the perfect and comfortable use of their eyes for many years2 the mischief is effected imperceptibly--the consequences are inevitable4 #d4 ,the eye should not be permitted to dwell on glaring objects1 more particularly on first waking in the morning2 the sun should not1 of course1 be suffered to shine in the room at that time1 and a moderate quantity of light only be admitted4 ,it is easy to see that1 for the same reasons1 the furniture of a bed should be neither altogether of a white or red color2 indeed1 those whose eyes are weak1 would find considerable advantage in having green for the furniture of their bed-chamber4 ,nature confirms the propriety of the advice given in this rule2 for the light of the day comes on by slow degrees1 and green is the universal color she presents to our eyes4 #e4 ,the long-sighted should accustom themselves to read with rather less light1 and somewhat nearer to the eye than what they naturally like2 while those that are short-sighted1 should rather use themselves to read with the book as far off as possible3 by this means1 both would improve and strengthen their sight2 while a contrary course will increase its natural imperfections4 ,there is nothing which preserves the sight longer than always using1 both in reading and writing1 that moderate degree of light which is best suited to the eye3 too little1 strains them--too great a quantity1 dazzles and confounds them4 ,the eyes are less hurt by the want of light1 than by the excess of it3 too little light never does any harm1 unless they are strained by efforts to see objects to which the degree of light is inadequate2 but too great a quantity has1 by its own power1 destroyed the sight4 ,thus1 many have brought on themselves a cataract1 by frequently looking at the sun or a fire2 others have lost their sight by being brought too suddenly from an extreme of darkness into the blaze of day4 ,how dangerous the looking on bright1 luminous objects1 is to the sight1 is evident from its effects in those countries which are covered1 the greater part of the year1 with snow1 where blindness is exceedingly frequent1 and where the traveller is obliged to cover his eyes with crape1 to prevent the dangerous and often sudden effects of too much light3 even the untutored savage tries to avoid the danger1 by framing a little wooden case for his eyes1 with only two narrow slits4 ,a momentary gaze at the sun will1 for a time1 unfit the eyes for vision1 and render them insensible to impressions of a milder nature4 #ieg4 ,the ,feet--,should be washed in cold water every morning1 and wiped very dry4 ,stockings1 if too small1 cripple the feet as surely as small shoes4 ,always be careful to give the foot room enough1 and you will be rarely troubled with corns4 ,when the toe-nails have a tendency to turn in1 so as to be painful1 the nail should always be kept scraped very thin1 and as near the flesh as possible4 ,as soon as the corner of the nail can be raised up out of the flesh1 it should be kept from again entering1 by putting a tuft of fine lint under it4 #ieh4 ,for ,sore ,feet4--,the thin white skin which comes from suet1 is excellent to bind upon the feet1 for chilblains4 ,rubbing with ,castile soap1 and afterwards with honey1 is likewise highly recommended4 #iei4 ,a ,vapor-,bath at home4--,place strong sticks across a tub of water1 at the boiling-point1 and sit upon them1 entirely enveloped in a blanket1 feet and all4 ,the steam from the water will be a vapor-bath4 ,some people put herbs into the water4 ,steam-baths are excellent for severe colds1 and for some disorders in the bowels4 ,they should not be taken without the advice of an experienced nurse or physician4 ,great care should be taken not to renew the cold after2 it would be doubly dangerous4 ,,rules ,,for ,,women ,,servants4 #ifj4 ,of the ,cookmaid4--,when a young woman undertakes the situation of cookmaid in a family1 where only one or two other servants are kept1 she will have many duties to perform1 besides preparing and dressing the provisions1 although that is her principal business4 ,what those duties are1 will1 of course1 depend very much upon the habits of the family with whom she lives2 and whether there is a man-servant or a boy kept2 as1 if not1 the cleaning of knives1 shoes1 and various things that would be done by them1 become the business of the cook-maid4 #ifa4 ,general duties of the ,cookmaid4--,the part of the house in which her chief work lies is the kitchen2 but she is also expected to clean the passage or hall1 the stone door-steps1 the bell-pull1 name-plate1 knocker1 and all things outside the house which are kept cleaned2 also1 the kitchen stairs1 pantry1 servants' offices1 and areas2 and1 in many families1 the dining-room as well as the kitchen windows1 and the light over or at the sides of the hall door4 ,it is her place to scour the dresser1 table1 shelves1 c41 in the kitchen and pantry1 and to keep both places clean and in order2 to wash the plates and dishes1 to keep the saucepans and all other vessels used in cooking1 or for keeping eatables in1 perfectly clean1 so that they may always be ready for use2 to wash and keep the pudding-cloths sweet and clean2 to sweep the carpet1 and clean the grate1 fender1 fire-irons1 and hearth1 in the breakfast-parlor2 to clean the kitchen candlesticks2 to assist the housemaid in making the beds after they have been laid open to air2 to answer the door to the trades-people2 and1 if there is no man-servant1 nor boy kept1 to brush the clothes and shoes of the gentlemen of the family4 ,it is of great importance that the cookmaid should be cleanly in her person1 as well as in her cooking2 and that she should never be seen with dirty hands1 which may be easily prevented by using thick gloves1 when blacking a stove or doing any other dirty work1 and always washing her hands as soon as she has finished4 ,nothing can be more disagreeable than to see the person who prepares one's meals with dirty hands or apron4 #ifb4 ,arrangements for ,work in the ,kitchen4--,the cookmaid should always be furnished with her own pails1 brushes1 flannels1 and everything she requires for her own work1 and should never use the housemaid's pails or brushes1 nor suffer the housemaid to use hers4 ,a strict attention to this rule prevents much discomfort and confusion1 and the work is sure to be done with more regularity1 and much time saved4 #ifc4 ,work in the ,breakfast-room4--,your work in the breakfast-room generally is to light the fire1 clean the stove1 fender1 fire-irons1 and hearth2 take up the ashes1 sweep the carpet1 shake the hearth-rug1 and lay it down again2 but this is sometimes varied in different families4 ,if you find there are more cinders than you can use for lighting the fire1 you should take them down to burn in the kitchen4 #ifd4 ,of ,neatness in the ,breakfast-room4--,in order to avoid soiling the carpet in the breakfast-parlor1 while you are lighting the fire and cleaning the stove1 you should have a piece of drugget1 about a yard wide and two yards long1 or cloth of some kind1 to lay down2 but whichever you use1 always use it the dirty side upwards4 ,without this precaution1 the most careful person cannot prevent the carpet from getting dirty before the fire-place4 #ife4 ,punctuality in ,servants4--,punctuality is a very essential quality in a cookmaid1 who ought to regulate her work so that the dinner should always be ready at the appointed time2 and to avoid any mistake in this particular1 she should know precisely the length of time required to cook each kind of food1 according to the taste of those for whom she cooks1 and then she should allow herself about fifteen to twenty minutes more1 to take up the dinner1 and for any little hindrance that may occur1 she will be tolerably exact4 ,the best means of being punctual is to keep everything in its proper place1 and fit for use1 so that no time may be lost in looking for this thing or that1 or in having to clean any utensils that may be wanted for cooking4 #iff4 ,economy in the ,kitchen4--,never waste anything1 but have places and purposes for all articles in your keeping4 ,habits of economy are easily acquired1 and the cookmaid would do well to consider how much more valuable she must be to her employers1 and how much more she will be respected1 if she be careful1 and make the most of the property that is intrusted to her charge1 than if she uses it wastefully4 #ifg4 ,cleaning the ,hall1 c4--,if you are quick with the breakfast-parlor work1 you will1 very likely1 have time to clean the door-steps and passage before breakfast1 which is much better than leaving them till afterwards3 but this will1 of course1 depend on the breakfast-hour1 as you must not1 on any account1 neglect to see that the water in the kettle is boiling1 the urn-iron hot1 and everything ready to take up the moment it is wanted4 #ifh4 ,making ,breakfast4--,if you have toast to make1 or bacon to cook1 take care to have a clear fire1 so that it may be done quickly1 when wanted1 and not before2 for both toast and bacon should be hot from the fire1 and not suffered to stand after they are done4 ,dry toast should be thin and crisp2 to keep it so1 set it on its edge in the toast-rack1 directly it is made4 ,never boil eggs by guess2 if you have no clock in the kitchen1 you should have a sand-glass or egg-boiler1 for in guessing at the time1 it is not possible to be quite exact1 and half a minute too much or too little will spoil an egg4 ,it is the duty of the cookmaid to prepare the breakfast2 and that of the housemaid to carry it up to the breakfast-parlor4 #ifi4 ,cold ,meats at ,breakfast4--,in some families1 whatever cold meat or cold poultry may have been left from the previous day1 is served up at breakfast2 in which case it is the cookmaid's duty to send it up1 laid out neatly on clean and rather small-sized dishes1 with breakfast plates and small clean knives and forks2 sometimes it will require a little putting to rights1 by trimming1 and garnishing with a few sprigs of parsley1 which1 of course1 she will attend to4 #igj4 ,to arrange for ,children1 c4--,if the children of the family breakfast in the nursery1 or require to go to school early1 you will1 most probably1 be expected to cut their bread and butter1 and get their breakfast ready for them2 or1 at all events1 assist in doing so4 ,it is your place also to get the kitchen breakfast ready for yourself and the housemaid1 c42 and it will materially add to the comfort of your situation1 if you take care to keep your table-cloth clean1 and neatly folded1 so that it may not have an untidy appearance when spread upon the table2 and let the knives1 and all the things you use for yourself and fellow servants1 be clean like those you send up to the table of the family4 #iga4 ,taking ,directions for ,dinner4--,in most families1 it is the custom of the lady of the house1 to go into the kitchen every morning1 to make arrangements with the cook about the dinner1 and to give out from the store-closet such things as may be required for the day's use1 either by the cookmaid or housemaid4 ,you must then remember to ask for whatever you will want1 so that you may not have to give trouble a second time4 ,some ladies prefer that the cookmaid should come into the parlor1 to receive directions4 ,should this be the custom1 you should make it a rule to wash your hands1 and put on a clean apron1 before you go in4 ,there are some foolish servants1 who have a mistaken notion that a lady should not trouble herself much with her kitchen2 but every one ought to have the good sense to know that it is the province and duty of a mistress to superintend the order and management of every part of her household2 and those servants who are conscious that they waste not1 and perform their duties to the best of their ability1 will never feel an objection2 but1 on the contrary1 will be pleased that their mistress should see that they do so4 #igb4 ,making ,beds1 c4--,when you have taken orders about dinner1 you should go up into the bed-rooms1 to assist the house-maid in making the beds--having already washed your hands1 and put on your clean bed-apron4 ,it is very proper to keep a bed-apron entirely for this purpose1 one that will wrap quite round you1 and tie together behind2 and to take it off1 and fold it up1 as soon as the beds are made4 ,it will serve for a week1 with care2 therefore1 if you make a rule to put on a clean one every ,monday morning1 the bed-clothes and furniture will never get soiled by rubbing against your gown or clothes4 ,attention to such little niceties as these is so easy1 that it is surprising any one should neglect them1 particularly as they make all the difference between a good servant and a bad one4 #igc4 ,arrangement of the ,dinner-,table4--,always have the salt-cellars filled with fine clean salt1 and the cruets and cruet-stand dusted2 and that each of the cruets are about half-full of vinegar1 oil1 pepper1 sugar1 c41 such as they are intended to hold2 and although this is the housemaid's duty1 it is only kind in the cookmaid to give the housemaid all the information she may require or ask for2 a good dinner will look very unhandsome1 unless the housemaid takes care that the salts and cruets are clean1 and sufficiently filled to accompany it to table4 ,the housemaid should also see that the mustard-cruet is quite clean1 before it is put on the table2 for if the mustard is dried on the edges1 or on the spoon1 it has a very disagreeable appearance1 and betokens an untidy servant4 #igd4 ,the ,dinner-,hour1 and its ,duties4--,in order more surely to be correct to the dinner-hour1 allow yourself from fifteen to twenty minutes for taking up the dinner1 and for any hindrances that may occur2 and take care to have the fire made up in proper time for cooking--regulating the size of it according to what you have to cook4 ,it should be stirred as little as possible while you are cooking2 indeed1 a good cookmaid stirs her fire only once during her roasting1 and that is when she turns the meat1 or alters the hanging of it1 at which times she takes the meat and dripping-pan away from the fire1 as stirring creates both dust and smoke2 but as dust or coal may1 by accident1 fall into the dripping-pan1 keep ready a dish-cloth1 to wipe it out directly4 ,be mindful1 also1 to keep in the house a stock of the things that are commonly wanted1 such as flour1 salt1 pepper1 spices1 c42 but always make a point of using up what you had1 before you begin upon the fresh supply2 and be sure to put them away into their proper places1 as you receive them--as mustard1 pepper1 spices1 tea1 coffee1 c41 will spoil1 if kept in the papers they are sent home in4 #ige4 ,of ,re-cooking4--,in cities1 where the master of the house is often engaged in business until late in the day1 the dinner-hour may be as late as four or five o'clock2 in that case1 there is an early dinner for the children and servants1 for whom a pudding is usually to be made4 ,it is a very material part of your business to know how to dress over1 nicely1 anything left from the preceding day's dinner1 so that it may be used in the kitchen1 if not required in the dining-room4 ,for this purpose1 you should1 when a joint is brought down from the dining-room1 put it on a clean dish1 and pour the gravy into a small basin or jelly-pot1 and you will find it very useful in making nice1 savory dishes of cold meat1 or to put into hashes and stews1 or warming up for gravy4 #igf4 ,hot ,plates for ,dinner4--,before sending up dinner1 take care that you have enough hot plates4 ,it is better to heat a few more than the exact number1 lest an extra one may be wanted4 #igg4 ,serving up ,dinner4--,whilst the dinner is being served up1 the cook-maid may be required to assist1 by taking the dishes to the door of the dining-parlor2 also1 in some families1 by taking them from the housemaid1 or from the outside of the dining-room door1 when they are done with1 that the housemaid1 if she waits at dinner1 may not have to leave the room4 ,and the cookmaid will save herself much time and trouble1 if she gets her dish-tub1 in the sink1 half filled with hot water1 so that she may put the dishes and plates into it the moment they are brought from the dinner-table4 #igh4 ,washing ,dishes4--,the dirty dishes and plates should be put into a dish-tub of warm water1 immediately they are taken from the dinner table2 for1 by this means1 half the trouble of washing-up will be saved1 as it will prevent the gravy1 mustard1 juice1 c41 from cooling and drying on the plates and dishes4 ,when you commence washing them1 add sufficient boiling water to make it hot enough to wash them in1 and with a dish-cloth wash them clean on both sides1 one at a time4 ,rinse them immediately1 in a pan full of cold water1 part of which should stand under the tap1 which should be turned a little on to keep it full4 ,the reason for keeping the pan full of water and running over1 is1 that any grease1 c41 which may rinse off the plates and dishes1 may swim over into the sink in the act of rinsing1 otherwise it would remain on the water1 and make those you rinse1 after the first few1 look greasy1 instead of clean and bright4 #igi4 ,washing ,saucepans1 ,kettles1 c4--,when you have washed all the dishes and plates used at dinner1 as above directed1 and put them in the rack to drain1 the saucepans and kettles which have been used for cooking1 should next be cleaned4 ,the proper plan is to fill them with cold water as soon as the food has been taken out of them1 as1 by this means1 whatever may hang about the sides cannot stick close1 nor dry on hard1 and they will clean much more readily4 ,if the insides are discolored or dirty1 a little soda or wood-ash is the best thing to clean them with2 or1 if they are very dirty1 the wood-ashes1 or some soda1 must be boiled up in them4 ,they should afterwards be well rinsed with boiling-hot water1 wiped1 and made perfectly dry1 by being placed for some time bottom upwards1 before the kitchen fire4 ,the upper rims of saucepans1 and the rims and insides of the lids1 must be kept quite clean4 ,if tin saucepans are not completely dry1 they will soon get rusty1 and if copper ones are not perfectly cleaned and dried1 they become poisonous4 ,never leave food of any kind in a saucepan to become cold4 #ihj4 ,washing ,pudding-cloths1 c4--,pudding-cloths should be washed as soon as possible after the puddings are taken out of them4 ,they should be washed in clean warm water1 without soap1 rinsed and thoroughly dried before being folded and put in the kitchen drawer1 otherwise they will give a musty smell to the puddings that are next boiled in them4 ,the paste-brush1 egg-whisk and sieves must also be washed1 first in cold and then in warm water1 and put away clean and dry1 or they will spoil whatever you use them for afterwards4 ,all things through which eggs are strained1 should be washed1 first in cold and then in hot water4 #iha4 ,cleaning the ,sink4--,first1 wipe into one corner and take up all the little bits of gristle1 fat1 or vegetables1 or whatever else may have collected in the sink2 and1 if you live in or near to a town1 throw it on the back part of the top of the kitchen fire2 for1 if thrown into the dust-bin1 it will either entice rats or other vermin1 or else cause an offensive and unwholesome smell4 ,if forced down the sink holes1 the same unpleasant consequences will follow1 besides stopping-up and destroying the drains4 ,but if you live in the country where a pig is kept1 it may be thrown into the pig tub with the dish washings4 ,you must next clean the sink1 which1 if of stone1 is best done with a hard brush and a little soda2 or1 if of lead1 with the following mixture3--,one pennyworth of pearlash1 one pennyworth of soft-soap1 and one pennyworth of fuller's-earth1 7the fuller's-earth dried17 mixed together in a pipkin1 or something of the kind1 with a quart of water4 ,about a table-spoonful of this on a piece of flannel will clean the leaden sink4 #ihb4 ,cleaning the ,spit1 ,frying-pan1 c4--,the spit1 if one is used1 must also be always perfectly cleaned when done with4 ,a little dripping rubbed on a hot frying-pan or gridiron1 after cleaning it1 will greatly remove the smell and taste of fish2 but some persons rub a little salt well about the inside of a hot frying-pan1 with a piece of clean paper1 which also removes the taste of fish or onions4 ,if these things are put away into damp places1 they will soon become unfit for use4 #ihc4 ,cabbage-water to be thrown away4--,always remember that green water1 that is1 water in which cabbage1 or any other vegetable is boiled1 should be thrown down the sink the moment the vegetables are out of it1 while it is quite hot1 and then a pailful of cold water thrown after it1 will prevent the unhealthy smell arising from green water2 but if it be left till it is cold1 or nearly cold before you throw it away1 twenty pails of water thrown after it will not prevent the smell4 #ihd4 ,scalding ,milk vessels4--,be careful to scald every vessel which has contained milk1 having previously let it stand for some time filled with cold water1 and never let any other liquid be put into it till it has undergone this process2 or whatever you put in will be spoiled4 #ihe4 ,cleaning ,bread-pans1 c4--,your pan for keeping bread should be wiped out every day1 and scalded once a week2 in the same way clean the cheese-pan1 or both your bread and cheese will become mouldy and musty2 and cheese should always be kept standing on its rind2 and the rind should be scraped before it is sent to the table4 #ihf4 ,keeping ,beer4--,you should not let beer stand in a pot or jug2 but1 if there be any left1 put it into a clean bottle1 with a tea-spoonful of sugar1 and cork it tightly4 #ihg4 ,never suffer two things to be put together1 which would give to each other a disagreeable taste or flavor4 ,never cut bread1 or butter1 or meat1 with a knife which has been used for cheese or onions1 or the bread1 butter1 or meat will taste of them4 ,therefore1 you should put the knife which you have used for these purposes1 in some place separate from the other knives1 and never allow it to be put with them until it has been properly cleaned4 #ihh4 ,washing ,pickle and ,preserve-,jars4--,whenever pickle or preserve jars are empty1 wash them well in cold water--dry them thoroughly--and put them in a dry place4 ,if you wash pickle or preserve-jars in hot water1 it will crack their glazed surface1 and make them porous1 which spoils them for use1 as pickles and preserves require to have the air kept from them4 #ihi4 ,cleaning ,dish-,covers4--,dish-covers should always be wiped and polished as soon as they are removed from the table4 ,if this is done whilst they are warm1 it will be but little trouble2 but1 if the steam be allowed to dry on them1 you will find much difficulty in getting the tarnish off from the insides4 ,when they are wiped and polished1 hang them up in their places immediately4 #iij4 ,of the ,paste-,board1 ,rolling-,pin1 c4--,after making puddings or pastry1 wash your rolling-pin and paste-board1 without soap1 and put it away quite dry4 ,never use1 nor allow others to use1 any of the family dinner or tea-service1 in the kitchen2 as1 if one thing be broken1 it would perhaps spoil a valuable set2 but1 always use for cooking1 the plates1 dishes1 and cups1 provided for that purpose1 which are usually plain1 and though of course equally clean1 are much less expensive4 ,keep the bread1 cheese1 butter1 flour1 dripping1 milk1 eggs1 and every thing else you may require in cooking1 in their distinct and separate places2 and be careful to put them away as soon as you have done with them4 #iia4 ,of keeping ,hot ,water4--,it is highly necessary that you should keep a plentiful supply of hot water1 by constantly filling-up the boiler whenever water is taken out of it4 ,a self-acting boiler does not require to be filled1 as it fills itself as fast as the water is drawn out2 but you must be very careful in frosty weather1 to watch whether the water continues to run2 for if the water in the pipes becomes frozen1 and you allow the boiler to get empty1 the consequence is almost sure to be1 that when the frost melts1 the cold water comes suddenly into the hot boiler1 and splits it4 ,the damage can only be repaired by having a new boiler1 which costs1 perhaps1 from ten to twenty-five dollars2 so you may see how important it is that you should prevent so serious an accident4 #iib4 ,of ,ventilating ,rooms4--,do not keep your kitchen always hot1 and be sure you let in fresh air4 ,if the attention of every master or mistress of a family turned to the ventilation of their dwelling1 it would be greatly the means of insuring health4 ,one single ventilator in the uppermost staircase window1 would effect a great deal4 ,great attention ought to be paid to letting the chamber-windows down from the top1 frequently through the day1 particularly where the family sits4 #iic4 ,of preparing ,tea4--,when the tea-time arrives1 it is your duty to cut the bread-and-butter1 or make the toast4 ,you should never send up more than one or two rounds of buttered toast at once1 according to the number to partake of it1 that it may be hot and fresh when it is handed round4 ,you must cut off the crusts as close as you can1 after it is made and buttered4 ,if a tea-urn is used1 it will be your duty to get it ready in time1 and put in the boiling water when it is wanted3 you must also remember to make the urn-iron red-hot1 by putting it into the kitchen fire after dinner1 or at least for an hour before tea-time4 ,when you use the tea-urn1 be careful to do as follows3-- ,take care that the water boils1 and that the urn-heater is red-hot2 then1 in the first place1 dust the urn1 and put the boiling water into it1 before you put in the heater2 and1 to prevent giving an unpleasant taste1 or spoiling the boiling water by dust1 or particles of the hot iron1 7which may rub off the heater as you are putting it into its place17 be careful to put on the round rim1 or ring1 before you put in the red-hot heater2 and be sure1 also1 to avoid pouring any water into the place where the heater goes2 otherwise1 when the iron is put in1 the steam may fly up in your face1 and scald you seriously4 ,taking the urn up into the parlor or drawing-room1 is the housemaid's business2 and she should not forget the rug to place it on1 or the heat issuing from it will certainly spoil the polished table3 and it is also the housemaid's business to empty the urn when done with1 which she must be careful to turn upside down1 to drain4 #iid4 ,taking care of the ,fire4--,the cookmaid's last duties of the day1 are--to take great care that the kitchen fire is so nearly out1 as to be quite safe2 and that nothing is left hanging before the fire-place2 then she must see that the kitchen windows and shutters are fastened1 and lock and bolt all the doors and windows that have not been fastened earlier in the evening4 #iie4 ,cleaning ,knives1 ,forks1 c4--,if a lad or man-servant is kept1 he cleans the steel knives and forks1 as well as the shoes and boots2 and also brushes the gentlemen's clothes3 but1 in that large number of families who keep no boy nor man1 it becomes the business of the cookmaid to clean the steel knives and forks4 ,see the best manner of preparing the knife-board1 c41 in another part of this book4 #iif4 ,care of ,table-,knives4--,be careful to keep a good edge to your knives1 and do your utmost to preserve them from notches1 especially the carving-knife1 otherwise a hot joint may get cold while the knife has to be sent from table to be sharpened4 ,a keen edge may be given by cleaning alone1 if care be taken1 in passing the knife from you1 not to let the edge lean on the board1 but1 in drawing it towards you1 to lean with a little pressure on the edge4 ,the knives which are not in daily use1 should1 after being wiped with a dry cloth1 be put into the cases1 or wrapped in very dry brown paper1 and so placed as not to touch each other1 the same way as the cutlers keep them4 ,great care should be taken that the place in which they are put is perfectly dry--as all articles made of steel have a tendency to contract rust1 that metal having the property of extracting damp from the atmosphere1 or from anything moist near to it4 ,if the ivory handles of the knives and forks get stained1 or become discolored1 mix a table-spoonful of water with a few drops of spirits of salt--rub it well on with a little bit of clean rag--wash it off with cold water--and wipe them perfectly dry4 #iig4 ,of cleaning ,boots and ,shoes4--,where no man-servant is kept1 the cook or housemaid must clean the shoes and boots4 ,first1 scrape the dirt off the shoe with a wooden knife1 or piece of firewood1 cut to something of an edge4 ,when the worst of the dirt is thus taken off1 use your hard brush to remove the remainder1 or the leather will never be bright4 ,stir the blacking with a short fine sponge1 tied round one end of it2 and1 with this1 put some blacking on the blacking-brush1 and black the shoe all over2 use the polishing-brush directly1 while it remains damp1 and rub it lightly1 yet briskly1 till the shoe shines perfectly bright4 ,when boots or shoes are laid down before a fire to dry1 let them be placed at a good distance1 or the leather will harden and shrink1 and the shoes get out of shape4 #iih4 ,of cleaning ,candlesticks4--,it is the duty of the cookmaid to clean the chamber candlesticks used by the servants1 and the candlesticks belonging to the kitchen 7those used by the family in the parlors1 drawing-rooms1 and best bed-rooms1 belong to the housemaid's work74 ,before you commence1 have a sheet of thick brown paper laid on a table1 or on whatever else you intend to clean them1 to save making a grease4 ,then scrape off the grease on to the brown paper with a piece of firewood1 and put all you scrape off into your kitchen-stuff4 ,the candlesticks should then be put1 upside down1 in the deepest candlestick1 at a little distance from the fire1 so that all the grease may melt1 and drain into one4 ,this grease should also be put into the kitchen stuff1 and the candlesticks wiped perfectly clean with the candlestick-rag1 or with a cloth kept for that purpose4 ,the polishing should be done with a little dry rotten-stone1 or dry whiting1 put on a leather4 ,the cookmaid has usually a candle-box provided for her1 into which she puts all the pieces of candle1 for kitchen use4 ,this box should be lined with white paper1 which should be frequently renewed1 or the candles will become very dirty1 and be unpleasant to burn1 from bits of the snuff sticking to them4 ,always set the candles in the candlesticks in the fore part of the day1 that they be ready when wanted1 and that all the dirty work may be done before cooking commences4 #iii4 ,washing-,day4--,if the washing be done at home1 the cookmaid will have to assist2 and the changes of linen1 and the kitchen things1 usually fall to her share4 ,she generally folds and irons all but the fine things and the dresses4 ,it is usual also for her to fill the copper2 and for the housemaid to sort the clothes ready for the wash4 ,much time as well as labor will be saved by preparing the clothes for the wash the day before the washing-day2 that is by putting them in soak1 the fine things and coarse things in different tubs1 after having examined1 and rubbed with soap such places as are most dirty1 such as the collars and wristbands of shirts1 the parts of table-cloths cloths which are most soiled1 and any place in the different articles which would require more than usual rubbing4 ,indeed1 everything should be prepared the day before2 the copper filled with soft water1 the tubs rinsed and wiped1 inside and out 7taking care that they do not leak74 ,the best way to prevent the tubs from leaking1 is to turn them bottom upwards after using1 and keep the bottom filled with water1 without which they will not only leak but fall to pieces1 in summer weather4 #ajjj4 ,care of ,clothes-lines1 c4--,clothes-lines1 when done with1 should be wiped quite clean1 and put away dry in a bag1 for future use1 or they will dirty the clothes4 ,a bag should also be kept for the pegs2 and both bags should be kept in a dry place4 #ajja4 ,folding and ,mangling4--,before you begin to fold the clothes1 let the board be quite clean and dry1 and a clean linen cloth placed upon it4 ,separate those things which are to be mangled1 and those which are for rough-drying4 ,turn shirts1 shifts1 night-gowns1 pillow-cases1 petticoats1 c41 the right side outwards2 fold them very smoothly1 and sprinkle them to a proper dampness for ironing4 ,if the collars1 wristbands1 and frills1 or pleated front of a shirt1 be dipped in a little starch1 then into water1 and rolled up without squeezing1 it will bring the whole of the shirt to a proper dampness1 when it has lain for some time4 ,the articles usually mangled are1 sheets1 towels1 table-linen1 pillow-cases1 and other straight things2 but if there be any folds1 they will not look well when mangled4 ,pearl-buttons will break in the mangle1 and cut the cloth1 therefore1 all things with buttons1 and even pillow-cases1 if they have buttons1 should not be mangled4 #ajjb4 ,of ,ironing4--,the ironing-blanket should be made of a thick kind of flannel1 called swan's-skin1 and a coarse cloth should be spread between it and the board4 ,when you are ironing1 be careful to try your iron first upon some coarse article1 or one of little value1 for fear of its soiling or singeing the better clothes4 ,let the heat be in proportion to the article you are about to iron1 and be sure to make every part perfectly smooth4 ,after they are ironed1 the things should be hung upon the horse to air4 ,the cookmaid is now done with the washing1 as it is the housemaid's business to air them1 and to place them in the drawers1 when aired2 but in many families1 the putting of them away is done by the mistress of the house1 or by some of the young ladies4 ,in ironing the skirts of dresses1 it is best and most proper to have a board about thirteen inches wide and four feet long1 on which fasten1 with tapes1 an ironing-blanket2 place one end of it on a table1 and the other end on the dresser1 or something that is firm1 of the same height as the table4 ,in using this board1 pass it through the skirt1 taking care that the wet part of the dress falls into a clothes-basket1 or a cloth1 which you must first put on the floor1 under the middle of the board1 to save the skirt from being soiled2 and turn the skirt of the dress round the board1 as you iron it4 #ajjc4 ,save the ,rags4--,all rags of cotton or linen should be saved by the cookmaid2 they should never be thrown away because they are not clean4 ,mop-rags1 lamp-rags1 all should be washed1 dried and put in the rag-bag4 ,there is no need of expending soap on them2 just boil them out in the suds after you have done washing4 ,linen rags should be carefully saved2 for they are extremely useful in sickness4 ,if they have become dirty and worn by cleaning silver1 c41 wash them1 and scrape them into lint4 ,,part ,,vi4 ,,some ,,hints ,,about ,,agriculture1 ,,gardening1 ,,domestic ,,animals1 ,,etc4 ,of ,soil1 ,hay and the ,grains--,of ,vegetables--,destroying ,ferrets1 ,reptiles1 ,rats and other ,vermin--,flowers1 ,fruits1 ,trees--,timber--,buildings4 #ajjd4 ,advantage of ,knowing something about ,agriculture4--,in a work designed1 chiefly1 for women1 it may seem odd to find farming treated of1 as though they needed such information4 ,but while far the greater portion of ,american men,b are tillers of the soil1 it would be questioning the good sense as well as affection of their wives and daughters to suppose them indifferent to such pursuits4 ,the husband will work with more pleasure1 when feeling his wife takes an interest in his employments4 ,the daughter of a farmer should be ready to read her father's books and papers on agriculture1 whenever he desires it1 and assist in the garden1 orchard1 and among domestic animals1 when such cases are suitable for her4 ,so1 trusting you have a garden-hoe and pruning-knife for your own use1 and can assist in transplanting flowers and shrubs1 ,i shall give rules for these1 and also a few hints on other matters connected with country life and the economy of farming4 ,these rules are selected1 chiefly1 from ,british authorities4 ,england is famous for its agricultural science and modes of gardening1 and planting trees4 ,such knowledge and taste are much needed in our land4 ,but be careful1 fair girl and comely matron1 and do not expose your health or injure your personal appearance while helping in out-door work4 ,a sun-bonnet or broad-brimmed straw hat and thick gloves should always be worn1 when engaged in such employments4 #ajje4 ,important ,fact in ,agriculture4--,whatever may be the nature of the soil1 or of the crop cultivated1 it should always be the aim of the farmer to grow full crops4 ,partial and sometimes extensive failures will even then but too often occur2 but to neglect making the best known preparations1 or only to prepare for half a crop1 has a direct tendency to unprofitable farming4 #ajjf4 ,manure for ,clover4--,some farmers make it a rule to spread about fifty bushels per acre of ashes over their clover in ,march1 which they find1 from long experience1 to be a good manure for this grass4 ,wood-ashes will be useful on any soil2 coal-ashes chiefly on stiff clays4 ,on the stiff soils of some parts of ,buckinghamshire1 ashes of all kinds are much esteemed1 and have risen to a high price4 #ajjg4 ,how to preserve ,manure4--,put it in heaps1 and cover it with earth two feet deep4 ,never leave manure in the barn yard2 put it all1 year by year1 on your land4 #ajjh4 ,dr4 ,taylor's ,easy ,method of ascertaining the ,qualities of ,marl1 ,lime ,stones1 or ,quick ,lime1 for the purposes of ,agriculture4--,this was a communication by ,dr4 ,taylor to the ,manchester ,agricultural ,society2 the general use of marl and lime as manures1 having prompted him to point out the importance of an easy and certain method of determining the qualities of different earths and stones1 and ascertaining the quantity of calcareous earth in their composition2 their value1 in agriculture1 commonly increasing in proportion to the greater quantity of it which they contain4 ,the process recommended is thus described3--,the marl or stone being dried1 and reduced to powder1 put half an ounce of it into a half pint glass1 pouring in clear water till the glass is half full2 then gradually add a small quantity of strong marine acid1 commonly called spirit of salt1 and stir the mixture well together4 ,as soon as the effervescence thus excited subsides1 add a little more marine acid2 thus continuing the operation while any of the earthy matter appears to dissolve2 and till the liquor1 after being well stirred and allowed to stand for half an hour1 appears sensibly acid to the taste4 ,when the mixture has subsided1 if the liquor above it be colorless1 that marl or lime-stone is the best which leaves the least in quantity of sediment or deposit in the bottom of the glass4 ,this experiment is sufficient to determine which of the samples tried is the most proper for the uses of agriculture3 as pure calcareous earth or lime1 which is the earth useful in agriculture1 will be entirely dissolved2 but clay or sand will not be sensibly acted on by the acid4 ,where great accuracy is required in determining the experiment1 lay a soft spongy paper1 of which the weight is exactly taken1 in an earthen colander--for no metallic vessel1 or implement for stirring1 c41 must be used in any part of the process--and1 pouring the saturated mixture of earth and acid on it1 let all the liquor filter through1 then pour a little clear water over the earthy matter remaining on the filter2 and1 when that water has also filtered through1 dry the paper with the earthy matter on it which remains undissolved1 when the deficiency found1 on weighing them1 from their original weight1 will discover what portion of the marle or lime has been dissolved in the acid4 ,what quantity of earthy matter has been dissolved may be made evident to the sight1 by gradually adding1 to the liquor which has been filtered through the paper1 a clear solution of pearl-ashes1 or ashes of burnt wood2 this will occasion a precipitation of the contained lime or calcareous earth to the bottom of the vessel1 which precipitate must be dried and weighed4 #ajji4 ,to preserve ,seeds1 when sown1 from ,vermin4--,steep the grain or seed three or four hours1 or a sufficient time for it to penetrate the skin1 or husk1 in a strong solution of liver of sulphur4 #ajaj4 ,striped ,grass recommended for ,hay4--,the ,indian striped or riband grass1 which is cultivated in gardens1 would answer admirably for hay4 ,in rich grounds plants are frequently four feet high2 what a burden of hay would a field so cropped produce6 ,cattle are exceedingly fond of it2 the seeds are easily saved1 so that a person might soon have enough for a rood1 and from that save again and again1 for as many acres as he might choose4 ,it is probable that the crop might be much too large to be made on the field where it grew2 but if so1 it would be worth while to carry part into another field4 #ajaa4 ,when to cut ,rye-grass for ,hay4--,rye-grass1 if mown for hay1 should be cut when in blossom1 and not green4 ,the hay made from it does not heat or sweat so much1 and is very good for horses1 but not for sheep and cattle4 ,if it is suffered to stand too long before it is cut1 the seeds rob the plants of their juices1 and leave it no better than wheat or rye-straw4 #ajab4 ,to prevent the ,smut in ,wheat4--,the means 7to prevent smut7 are simple2 and no other than immersing the seed in pure water1 and repeatedly scouring it therein1 just before it is sown or dibbled in4 ,whether well1 spring1 or river water be used1 is indifferent2 but repeated stirring and change of water is essential to remove the possible particles of infection that may have imperceptibly adhered to the seed2 thus purified1 the subsequent crop will be perfect in itself1 and seed successively so likewise1 if there be no adjacent fields from whence this contamination may be wafted4 ,the addition of any alkaline or earthy salt1 by increasing the specific gravity of the water1 is of advantage in floating off the unsound grains1 and after the seed is washed1 it should be dried immediately by rubbing it with newly slaked lime4 #ajac4 ,fertilizing ,steeps for ,turnips1 ,wheat1 or ,barley4--,steep turnip-seed twelve hours in train oil1 which strain through a fine sieve1 and immediately thoroughly mix the quantity of seed you would wish to sow on an acre1 with three bushels of dry loamy earth1 finely sifted1 which drill 7or sow7 as soon as possible2 and when the plants begin to appear1 throw a small quantity of soot over them4 #ajad4 ,steep for ,wheat1 ,barley1 or other ,grain4--,put a peck and a half of wood-ashes1 and a peck of unslaked lime1 into a tub that will hold forty gallons2 then add as much water as will slake the lime1 and render the mixture into the consistence of stiff mortar4 ,in this state it should remain ten or twelve hours2 then add as much water as will reduce the mortar to a pulp1 by thorough stirring4 ,in this state fill the tub with water1 and occasionally keep stirring for two or three days4 ,after which1 draw off the clear lye into an open vessel1 and gradually put the grain into it3 skim off the light grains2 and1 after the corn has been steeped three hours1 spread it on a clean floor to dry1 when it will be sufficiently prepared for drilling or sowing4 ,the lye will retain its full virtue1 and may be repeatedly used4 ,remark4--,it has been doubted whether steeps are of any use1 except so far as they facilitate the separation of the light grains1 and wash off the seeds of the parasite plants1 which are thought to occasion smut1 c4 ,in the best-cultivated parts of ,scotland1 seed-wheat is steeped in stale urine1 or in a brine made with common salt1 which1 by increasing the specific gravity of the water1 floats the unsound grains4 ,the seed is well washed1 and then dried1 by mixing it with fresh slaked lime1 and rubbing it briskly with a wooden shovel4 ,the quick-lime and rubbing is thought to assist in cleansing the seed2 but1 independent of that1 the mere drying the seed quickly is convenient4 #ajae4 ,to sow ,wheat to advantage1 without laying on ,manure4--,it has been found expedient sometimes to sow wheat without laying on any manure2 and1 in the beginning of ,february1 to collect twenty bushels of lime1 unslaked1 for every acre1 and forty bushels of sand1 or the rubbish of a brick-kiln2 then1 about the end of the month1 to slake the lime1 which doubles the measure1 and mix it well with the sand1 and1 immediately afterwards1 to scatter it by way of top-dressing over the green wheat4 ,as rain generally succeeds1 it is soon washed down to the roots of the plants1 and gives them a vigor and strength1 which1 to those who never made the experiment1 is astonishing4 ,the lime1 sand1 and rubbish1 are particularly useful in breaking the tenacity of stiff clays4 ,in a clay soil1 where coal was very cheap1 the clay was slightly burned in the field1 and spread over the surface1 as the cheapest way of subduing the coarseness and stiffness of the soil4 ,the refuse or rubbish from mines in the neighborhood has been burned1 and applied with advantage on the same principle4 #ajaf4 ,approved method of sowing ,wheat on narrow ridges4--,the seedsman should walk up one side of the bed and down the other side1 always keeping his face1 and the hand with which he sows1 towards the bed he is sowing2 his eye must be continually on the edge of the opposite interfurrow1 and deliver his seed principally on the side of the bed next to it3 as he returns1 the sides will of course be reversed1 and the beds become evenly seeded4 #ajag4 ,great utility of sowing ,buckwheat4--,in light lands1 buckwheat may be raised to great advantage1 as a lucrative crop4 ,when green1 it is a fine feed for milch-kine2 and when ploughed1 is a fine preparation for the land4 ,it fattens pigs with great economy1 and1 passed through the mill1 is1 with carrot1 a capital feed for work-horses4 ,the seed is excellent food for poultry1 and1 when ground1 makes good bread4 #ajah4 ,to keep ,crows from ,corn4--,take a quart of train oil1 and as much turpentine and bruised gunpowder2 boil them together1 and1 when hot1 dip pieces of rags in the mixture1 and fix them on sticks in the field4 ,about four are sufficient for an acre of corn4 #ajai4 ,proper ,soil for the ,culture of ,turnips4--,sandy loams1 in good heart1 are most favorable to their growth1 though they will thrive well on strong loams1 if they are not wet2 but1 on clayey1 thin1 or wet soils1 they are not worth cultivating2 for1 though a good crop may be raised on such ground1 when well prepared and dunged1 more damage is done by taking off the turnips in winter1 in poaching the soil1 than the value of the crop will repay4 #ajbj4 ,instructions for raising ,potatoes to advantage4--,the earth should be dug twelve inches deep1 if the soil will allow it2 after this1 a hole should be opened about six inches deep1 and horse-dung1 or long-litter1 should be put therein1 about three inches thick2 this hole should not be more than twelve inches diameter4 ,upon this dung or litter1 a potato should be planted whole1 upon which a little more dung should be shaken1 and then the earth must be put thereon4 ,in like manner1 the whole plot of ground must be planted1 taking care that the potatoes be at least sixteen inches apart4 ,when the young shoots make their appearance1 they should have fresh mould drawn round them with a hoe2 and if the tender shoots are covered1 it will prevent the frost from injuring them3 they should again be earthed when the shoots make a second appearance1 but not covered1 as1 in all probability1 the season will be less severe4 ,a plentiful supply of mould should be given them2 and the person who performs this business should never tread upon the plant1 or the hillock that is raised round it1 as the lighter the earth is1 the more room the potato will have to expand4 ,a gentleman obtained from a single root1 thus planted1 very near forty pounds' weight of large potatoes2 and1 from almost every other root upon the same plot of ground1 from fifteen to twenty pounds' weight2 and1 except the soil be stony or gravelly1 ten pounds1 or half a peck1 of potatoes1 may almost be obtained from each root1 by pursuing the foregoing method4 #ajba4 ,use of the ,dandelion4--,this is an excellent salad1 and a good green4 ,where it grows as a weed1 cover it early in the spring1 with rotten tan1 or decayed leaves2 it will soon come up4 #ajbb4 ,preparations for ,carrots and other winged ,seeds4--,take two bushels of dry loamy earth1 finely sifted2 to which add one bushel of bran1 and a sufficient quantity of carrot seed1 cleaned from stalks1 and well rubbed between the hands2 all which thoroughly mix together1 and drill 7or sow74 ,the carrot seed will stick to the bran1 which1 with the earth1 will be regularly discharged4 #ajbc4 ,to raise a ,salad quickly4--,steep lettuce-seed1 mustard1 cresses1 c41 in aqua vit4 ,mix a little pigeon's dung with some mould1 and powdered slaked lime4 ,in forty-eight hours the salad will be produced4 #ajbd4 ,important ,discovery relative to the ,preservation of ,grain4--,to preserve rye and secure it from insects and rats1 nothing more is necessary than not to winnow it after it is thrashed1 but merely separate it from the straw1 and to stow it in the granaries1 mixed with the chaff4 ,in this state it has been kept for more than three years without experiencing the smallest alteration1 and even without the necessity of being turned to preserve it from humidity and fermentation4 ,rats and mice may be prevented from entering the barn1 by putting some wild vine or hedge plants upon the heaps2 the smell of the wood is so offensive to these animals1 that they will not approach it4 ,the experiment has not yet been made with wheat and other kinds of grain1 but they may probably be preserved in the chaff with equal advantage4 ,it must however be observed1 that the husks and corns of rye are different from most other grain4 ,it has been sown near houses where many poultry were kept1 for the purpose of bringing up a crop of grass1 because the poultry do not destroy it1 as they would have done wheat1 oats1 or even barley in the same situation4 #ajbe4 ,to preserve ,grain in ,sacks4--,provide a reed cane1 or other hollow stick1 made so by gluing together two grooved sticks2 let it be about three feet nine inches long2 and that it may be easier thrust down to the bottom of the corn in the sack1 its end to be made to taper to a point1 by a wooden plug that is fixed in1 and stops the orifice4 ,about one hundred and fifty small holes1 of one-eighth of an inch in diameter1 are to be bored on all sides of the stick1 from its bottom for about two feet ten inches of its length2 but no nearer to the surface of the corn1 lest too great a proportion of the air should escape there4 ,by winding a packthread in a spiral form round the stick1 the boring of the holes may be the better regulated1 so as to have them about half an inch distant towards the bottom1 but gradually at wider distances1 so as to be an inch asunder at the upper part2 by which means the lower part of the corn will have its due proportion of fresh air4 ,to the top of the stick let there be fixed a leathern pipe ten inches long2 which pipe is to be distended by two yards of spiral wire1 coiled up within it4 ,at the upper part of the pipe is fixed a taper wooden faucet1 into which the nose of a common household bellows is to be put1 in order to ventilate the corn4 ,if wheat1 when first put into sacks1 be thus aired1 every other or third day1 for ten or fifteen minutes1 its damp sweats which would hurt it1 will1 in a few weeks1 be carried off to such a degree1 that it will afterwards keep sweet with very little airing1 as has been found by experience4 ,by the same means other kinds of seeds1 as well as wheat1 may be kept sweet either in sacks or small bins4 #ajbf4 ,to preserve ,oats from being musty4--,richard ,fermor1 ,esq4 of ,tusmore1 in ,oxfordshire1 has in his stable a contrivance to let oats down from a loft out of a vessel1 like the hopper of a mill1 whence they fall into a square pipe1 let into a wall1 about four inches diagonal1 which comes into a cupboard set into a wall1 but with its end so near the bottom1 that there shall never be above a desirable quantity in the cupboard at a time1 which being taken away1 another parcel succeeds2 by this motion the oats are kept constantly sweet 7the taking away one gallon moving the whole above71 which1 when laid up otherwise in great quantities1 frequently grow musty4 #ajbg4 ,easy ,method of destroying ,mites or ,weevils in ,granaries4--,a very sagacious farmer has succeeded in destroying weevils1 by a very easy process4 ,in the month of ,june1 when his granaries were all empty1 he collected great quantities of the largest sized ants1 and scattered them about the places infested with the weevils4 ,the ants immediately fell upon and devoured every one of them2 nor have any weevils since that time been seen on his premises4 ,remark4--,the large1 or wood-ant1 feeds entirely on animal substances2 of course it would not destroy the corn4 #ajbh4 ,to preserve ,carrots1 ,parsnips1 and ,beets1 all the ,winter4--,a little before the frost sets in1 draw your beets or parsnips out of the ground1 and lay them in the house1 burying their roots in sand to the neck of the plant1 and ranging them one by another in a shelving position2 then another bed of sand1 and another of beets1 and continue this order to the last4 ,by pursuing this method1 they will keep very fresh4 ,when they are wanted for use1 draw them1 as they stand1 not out of the middle or sides4 #ajbi4 ,to preserve ,turnips from ,frost4--,the best way is to stack them up in straw in the following manner3--,one load of any sort of dry straw is sufficient for an acre of fifty tons' weight4 ,pull up the turnips1 top and tail them1 then throw them in a sort of windrow1 and let them lie a few days to dry4 ,first1 lay a layer of straw next the ground1 and upon it a layer of turnips about half a yard thick2 then another layer of straw2 so go on alternately with a layer of straw and a layer of turnips2 every layer grows narrower1 till it comes to a point at the top1 like a sugar-loaf4 ,the last layer must be straw1 which serves to keep all dry4 ,you must observe always when you have laid a layer of turnips1 to stroke or lap over the ends of the under layer of straw1 in order to keep them close or from tumbling out4 ,the heap should be as large as a hay-cock2 the tops may be given to sheep or cattle as they are cut off4 #ajcj4 ,another4--,turnips placed in layers1 though not thick1 have been found1 after a few weeks1 to rot4 ,in some places the following method is adopted4 ,lay the turnips close together in a single layer1 on a grass field1 near the farmyard1 and scatter some straw and branches of trees over them2 this will preserve them from sudden alternations of frost and thaw4 ,they keep as well as stored turnips can do4 ,the bare grass is of no value in winter1 and may rather perhaps receive some benefit from the shelter of the turnip4 ,an immense quantity may thus be stored on a small extent of grass ground4 ,it is chiefly useful for small farmers1 in soils unfit for the turnip1 but who are forced to raise it for milk-cows1 or to support1 in the winter1 the sheep they feed in the summer on the commons1 and which they keep1 perhaps1 principally in the night1 on the fields they have no other means of manuring4 ,but it may be useful1 even on proper turnip soils1 to save the latter part of the crop from the sudden frosts and sunshine in the spring1 or in an open winter1 which rot so great a portion of it2 perhaps a fourth or third part of what is then on the ground4 #ajca4 ,the good effects of ,elder in preserving ,plants from ,insects and ,flies4--#a4 ,for preventing cabbage and cauliflower plants from being devoured and damaged by caterpillars4 #b4 ,for preventing blights1 and their effects on fruit-trees4 #c4 ,for preserving corn from yellow flies and other insects4 #d4 ,for securing turnips from the ravages of flies4 ,the dwarf elder appears to exhale a much more fetid smell than the common elder1 and therefore should be preferred4 #ajcb4 ,the use of ,sulphur in destroying ,insects on ,plants1 and its ,benefit for ,vegetation4--,tie up some flower of sulphur in a piece of muslin or fine linen1 and with this the leaves of young shoots of plants should be dusted2 or it may be thrown on them by means of a common swans'-down puff1 or even by a dredging-box4 ,fresh assurances have repeatedly been received of the powerful influence of sulphur against the whole tribe of insects and worms which infest and prey on vegetables4 ,sulphur has also been found to promote the health of plants1 on which it was sprinkled2 and that peach-trees1 in particular1 were remarkably improved by it1 and seemed to absorb it4 ,it has likewise been observed1 that the verdure1 and other healthful appearances1 were perceptibly increased2 for the quantity of new shoots and leaves formed subsequently to the operation1 and having no sulphur on their surfaces1 served as a kind of comparative index1 and pointed out distinctly the accumulation of health4 #ajcc4 ,method of stopping the ,ravages of the ,caterpillars from ,shrubs1 ,plants1 and ,vegetables4--,take a chafing-dish1 with lighted charcoal1 and place it under the branches of the tree1 or bush1 whereon are the caterpillars2 then throw a little brimstone on the coals4 ,the vapor of the sulphur1 which is mortal to these insects1 and the suffocating fixed air arising from the charcoal1 will not only destroy all that are on the tree1 but will effectually prevent the shrubs from being1 that season1 infested with them4 ,a pound of sulphur will clear as many trees as grow on several acres4 ,another method of driving these insects off fruit-trees1 is to boil together a quantity of rue1 wormwood1 and common tobacco 7of each equal parts71 in common water4 ,the liquor should be very strong4 ,sprinkle this on the leaves and young branches every morning and evening during the time the fruit is ripening4 ,in the ,economical ,journal of ,france1 the following method of guarding cabbages from the depredations of caterpillars is stated to be infallible1 and may1 perhaps1 be equally serviceable against those which infest other vegetables4 ,sow with hemp all the borders of the ground wherein the cabbage is planted2 and1 although the neighborhood be infested with caterpillars1 the space inclosed by the hemp will be perfectly free1 and not one of these vermin will approach it4 #ajcd4 ,to prevent the ,increase of ,pismires in ,grass ,lands newly laid down4--,make a strong decoction of walnut-tree leaves1 and after opening several of the pismires' sandy habitations1 pour upon them a quantity of the liquor1 just sufficient to fill the hollow of each heap3 after the middle of it has been scooped1 throw in the contents from the sides1 and press down the whole mass with the foot1 till it becomes level with the rest of the field4 ,this1 if not found effectual at first1 must be repeated a second or a third time1 when they infallibly will be destroyed4 #ajce4 ,to prevent the ,fly in ,turnips4--,from experiments lately made1 it has been ascertained that lime sown by hand1 or distributed by a machine1 is an infallible protection to turnips against the ravages of this destructive insect4 ,it should be applied as soon as the turnips come up1 and in the same daily rotation in which they were sown4 ,the lime should be slaked immediately before it is used1 if the air be not sufficiently moist to render that operation unnecessary4 #ajcf4 ,to prevent ,mice from destroying early sown ,peas4--,the tops of furze1 or whins1 chopped and thrown into the drills1 and thus covered up1 7by goading them in their attempt to scratch17 is an effectual preventive4 ,sea-sand1 strewn pretty thick upon the surface1 has the same effect4 ,it gets into their ears1 and is troublesome4 #ajcg4 ,another4--,in the gardens in ,devonshire1 a simple trap is used to destroy mice4 ,a common brick1 or flat stone1 is set on one end1 inclined at an angle of about forty-five degrees4 ,two strings1 tied to a cracked stick1 stuck in the ground1 with loops at the ends of the strings1 are brought round to the middle of the under part of the brick1 and one loop being put into the other1 a pea or bean1 or any other bait1 makes the string fast1 so as to support the brick4 ,when the animal removes the bait1 the loops separate1 and the brick1 by falling1 smothers the animal4 #ajch4 ,to ,destroy ,beetles4--,take some small lumps of unslaked lime1 and put into the chinks or holes from which they issue1 it will effectually destroy them2 or it may be scattered on the ground1 if they are more numerous than in their holes4 #ajci4 ,another ,method4--,the simplest and most effectual way of destroying beetles is by means of red wafers4 ,as it has become usual to substitute vermilion for red lead in the composition of wafers1 it will be necessary to ask particularly for such as have been made with red lead4 ,strew these in the neighborhood of the crevices from which these insects issue1 and their future incursions will be speedily prevented4 ,cockroaches may be destroyed by the same means4 #ajdj4 ,for ,destroying ,bugs and ,worms in ,wood4--,an eminent physician has discovered that by rubbing wood with a solution of vitriol1 insects and bugs are prevented from harboring therein4 ,when the strength of this remedy is required to be increased1 there need only be boiled some coloquintida apples in water1 in which1 afterwards1 vitriol is dissolved1 and the bedstead1 with the wood about them1 and the wainscoting1 being anointed with the liquor1 will be ever after clear of worms or bugs4 ,the wall may be likewise rubbed with the composition1 and some of it may be dropped into the holes where these insects are suspected to be harbored4 ,as to the walls1 they require only to be washed over with the vitriol water4 #ajda4 ,to ,destroy ,insects on ,wall ,fruit ,trees4--,take an old tin watering-pan1 or any similar vessel1 and make a charcoal fire in it2 add a tube or pipe1 made of either tin1 leather1 or stiff paper1 to the spout1 which may be of any sufficient length2 then strew some brimstone1 tobacco-dust1 fine shreds of leather1 c41 upon the fire1 in the pan1 and cover the top2 having a pair of bellows ready1 hold the wind-flap over the tube or pipe to receive the smoke1 which it will do very effectually when you use the bellows4 ,by this means the suffocating vapor may be directed through the bellows to any part of the tree with the greatest ease and facility1 and the tree soon cleared of all vermin4 #ajdb4 ,to ,destroy the ,insect which attacks the ,apple ,tree1 commonly called the ,white ,blight1 or ,american ,blight4--,to a strong decoction of the digitalis or foxglove1 add a sufficient quantity of fresh cow-dung1 to give it such a consistence as may enable you to apply it with a painters' brush to those parts of the bark of the tree1 which afford a harbor for this destructive insect4 ,the insect is generally destroyed by the first application1 though in some instances it may be necessary to repeat it4 ,it has been remarked that the insect never returns in future years to those parts of the tree which have been thus treated4 #ajdc4 ,for ,destroying ,caterpillars on ,gooseberry ,bushes4--,take one ,scots pint 7two ,english quarts7 of tobacco liquor 7which may be made1 where it cannot be purchased1 by infusing any kind of tobacco in water till all the strength be extracted7 which the manufacturers of tobacco generally sell for destroying bugs1 and mix them with about one ounce of alum2 and when the alum is sufficiently dissolved1 put this mixture into a plate1 or other vessel1 wide and long enough to admit of a brush1 like a weaver's brush1 being dipped into it2 and as early in the season as you can perceive the leaves of the bushes to be in the least eaten1 or the eggs upon the leaves 7which generally happens about the end of ,may71 and which will be found in great numbers on the veins of the leaves on their under side2 you are then to take the preparation1 or liquor1 and after dipping the brush into it1 and holding the brush towards the under side of the bush1 which is to be raised and supported by the hands of another person2 and by drawing your hand gently over the hairs of the brush1 the above liquid is sprinkled1 and falls in small drops on the leaves2 the consequence of which is1 if the eggs are there1 they never come forward2 and if they have already generated worms1 in a minute or two after the liquor touches them1 they either die or sicken1 so as to fall off the bush2 at least they do so upon giving it a little shake4 ,if1 upon their thus falling off1 they shall not appear completely dead1 the bush should be held up1 and either a little boiling water from a watering-pot thrown over them1 or a bruise given them by a spade or shovel2 or the earth1 where they lie1 turned over with a hoe4 ,this preparation does not in the least injure the bushes4 #ajdd4 ,to ,preserve ,flowers1 ,leaves1 and ,fruit1 from ,caterpillars4--,these depredators are destroyed by oils1 which close the lateral pores by which they breathe4 ,for this purpose it is advised1 that on the approach of spring1 a cloth1 dipped in train oil1 be laid on such parts of the tree in which there is the least appearance of them4 #ajde4 ,method to destroy or drive away ,earth ,worms1 and other ,insects1 hurtful to ,fields and ,gardens4--,three parts of quick-lime1 newly made1 and two parts of soap-boilers' ley or potash dissolved in water1 will produce a somewhat milky liquor sufficiently caustic1 and highly hostile and poisonous to earth-worms and other small animals2 for as soon as it touches any part of their bodies1 it occasions in them violent symptoms of great uneasiness4 ,if this liquor be poured into those holes1 in which the earth-worms reside under ground1 they immediately throw themselves out as if driven by some force1 and1 after various contortions1 languish and die4 ,if the leaves of plants or fruit-trees1 frequented by the voracious caterpillars1 which are so destructive to them1 be sprinkled over with this liquor1 these insects suddenly contract their bodies and drop to the ground4 ,for1 though nature has defended them tolerably well by their hairy skins1 from any thing that might injure their delicate bodies2 yet1 as soon as they touch with their feet or mouths the leaves which have been moistened by this liquor1 they become1 as it were1 stupefied1 instantly contract themselves1 and fall down4 #ajdf4 ,to destroy ,earwigs and ,wood ,lice4--,a very simple way of ensnaring them1 and by which they may be taken alive in great quantities1 is to place four inch-cuts of reeds1 bean-haulm1 or strong wheat-straw among the branches1 and also lay a number on the ground1 at the bottom of the wall4 ,in these the insects take refuge at day-break1 as they depredate chiefly in the night2 and any time through the day they may be blown into a bottle with a little water in it1 and so be drowned4 ,or1 a cheaper way is to burn the straw1 and scatter fresh on the ground4 #ajdg4 ,to destroy ,fleas on ,dogs4--,rub the animal1 when out of the house1 with the common ,scotch snuff1 except the nose and eyes4 ,rub the powder well into the roots of the hair4 ,clear lime-water destroys the whitish flea-worm without injuring the skin or hair4 ,oil of turpentine will likewise do so2 but if there be any manginess1 or the skin be broken1 it will give the animal much pain4 #ajdh4 ,to clear ,gardens of ,vermin1 by ,ducks4--,ducks are excellent vermin-pickers1 whether of caterpillars 7such as are within their reach71 slugs1 snails1 and others1 and ought to be turned into the garden one or two days every week throughout the season4 ,never keep them longer in than two or three hours at a time1 else they become indolent4 ,while here1 they should have a little water set down to them1 if there be no pond or stream in the garden4 ,never turn them into the garden in the time of heavy rains1 or in continued wet weather1 as in that case1 and particularly if the soil be stiff1 they patter and harden the surface1 to the great injury of small crops and rising seeds4 #ajdi4 ,the use of ,garlic against ,moles1 ,grubs1 and ,snails4--,moles are such enemies to the smell of garlic1 that1 in order to get rid of these troublesome and destructive guests1 it is sufficient to introduce a few heads of garlic into their subterraneous walks4 ,it is likewise employed with success against grubs and snails4 #ajej4 ,to prevent the destruction of ,field ,turnips by ,slugs4--,a few years since1 a considerable farmer1 near ,bath1 observing the turnips in one of his fields strongly attacked by something1 discovered1 by accident1 that the enemy was really a slug2 and immediately prevented farther damage by well rolling the whole field1 by night1 which killed all the slugs4 ,n4 ,b4 ,this was the grand secret which was advertised for two thousand subscribers1 at one guinea each1 by ,w4 ,vagg1 for destroying the fly in turnips--which it will not do6 #ajea4 ,method of destroying ,insects on ,fruit ,trees4--,make a strong decoction of tobacco1 and the tender shoots of elder1 by pouring boiling water on them2 then sprinkle your trees with the same 7cold7 twice a week1 for two or three weeks1 with a small hearth-brush1 which will effectually destroy the insects1 and the leaves will retain their verdure until the fall of the year4 ,if used early1 as soon as the bud unfolds itself1 it will probably prevent the fly4 ,the effect of tobacco has been long known1 and elder-water frequently sprinkled on honeysuckles and roses1 has been found to prevent insects from lodging on them4 ,the quantity to be made use of1 is one ounce of tobacco to one gallon of water1 with about two handfuls of elder4 ,you may1 however1 make it as strong as you please1 it being perfectly innocent to the plants4 #ajeb4 ,to destroy ,insects prejudicial to ,apple-,trees4--,to one hundred gallons of human urine1 and one bushel of lime1 add cow-dung to bring it to the consistence of paint4 ,with this composition anoint the trees4 ,the month of ,march is the proper season for applying it4 ,if the white efflorescence-like substance in which the insects are lodged1 has made its appearance1 it should previously be brushed off4 #ajec4 ,to destroy wasps on ,fruit-,trees4--,wasps1 about the month of ,july1 will begin to swarm about the early fruits2 and for their destruction1 phials should be hung about the branches1 half-filled with honey and water1 or with sugar and small-beer4 ,these should be emptied and replaced once in two or three days1 otherwise they do not take so well--these little animals being extremely sagacious1 and disliking the appearance of their own species1 when dead4 #ajed4 ,another4--,winter is the proper season to apply the following solution4 ,the juices are then determined to the root4 ,soft soap1 two pounds2 leaf or roll tobacco1 one pound2 nux-vomica1 two ounces2 and turpentine1 half an ,english gill3 boil them in eight ,english gallons of soft or river water1 to six2 and use it milk-warm4 ,unnail or untie all the branches from the wall or trellis2 brush every part of the tree clean with a soft brush1 such as is used for painting2 then1 with a sponge1 carefully anoint every branch1 root1 and bud2 and be sure to rub it well into every joint1 hole1 and angle1 as it is there the eggs or larv of the insects are chiefly lodged4 ,the rails1 spars1 c41 of the espalier or trellis1 should also be anointed as above4 ,this operation should be repeated every winter1 some time between the fall of the leaf and the first of ,february1 as may be most convenient4 ,the solution is effectually destructive to all kinds of insects1 their eggs or larv4 #ajee4 ,to kill ,reptiles4--,twelve ounces of quick-lime in powder1 two ounces of ,scotch snuff1 two ounces of basket salt1 two ounces of sulphur vivum1 dissolved in ten gallons of water1 and thrown on the insects1 either in the liquid or powder1 will destroy them4 #ajef4 ,to prevent ,slugs from getting into ,fruit-,trees4--,if the trees are standards1 tie a coarse horse-hair rope about them1 two or three feet from the ground4 ,if they are against the wall1 nail a narrow slip of coarse horse-hair cloth against the wall1 about half a foot from the ground1 and they will never get over it2 for if they attempt it1 it will kill them1 as their bellies are soft1 and the horse-hair will wound them4 #ajeg4 ,to destroy ,snails4--,snails are great enemies to wall-fruit2 and any dewy morning you may easily find where they most delight to breed2 but the best way is to find out their haunts in a hard winter1 and then destroy them3 they lie much in holes of walls1 under thorns1 behind old trees or old and close hedges4 ,if you pluck not the fruit they have begun to devour1 but let it alone1 they will finish their repast on this1 before they begin another4 #ajeh4 ,to destroy the ,red ,spider1 so troublesome in dry seasons4--,the red spider makes its appearance in hot1 dry weather1 and is always found on the under sides of the leaves1 generally on roughish leaves1 but not always so4 ,it preys on the apple1 cherry1 fig1 peach1 pear1 and plum--seldom on the apricot4 ,it is among the smallest of the acari1 and is sometimes not distinguishable without a microscope4 ,if the back of the leaf be viewed through one1 it appears full of its webs2 and if many abound on it1 the leaf appears full of punctures1 becomes discolored1 and brown on the upper surface1 fades1 and falls off4 ,this insect is more troublesome in dry seasons than in moist ones1 and is wonderfully encouraged by heat--insomuch1 that hot-houses of every description are sadly infested with it4 ,water1 and water only1 is its bane2 and the syringe1 or the force-pump1 the engine of its destruction4 ,it is not a mere sprinkling that will do2 it requires a forcible dashing to and fro1 and that often repeated1 to be effectual4 #ajei4 ,to destroy ,vermin in ,granaries and other ,outbuildings4--,cover completely the walls and rafters1 above and below1 of the granaries1 c41 which are infested with weevils and other vermin1 with quick-lime slaked in water1 in which trefoil1 wormwood1 and hyssop have been boiled4 ,this composition ought to be applied as hot as possible4 #ajfj4 ,to destroy ,worms in ,gardens4--,water your beds with a strong decoction of walnut-tree leaves where there are worm casts2 the worms will immediately rise up out of the earth1 and you may easily take and cut them to pieces1 and fatten your poultry therewith1 or feed fish in ponds with them4 ,by laying ashes or lime about any plant1 neither snails nor worms will come near it4 ,as the moisture weakens it1 you must1 more or less1 continue to renew the lime or ashes4 #ajfa4 ,to destroy ,worms in ,gravel ,walks1 c4--,pour into the holes a ley1 made of wood ashes and lime2 this will also destroy insects1 if trees are sprinkled with it4 ,salt and water will do as well4 #ajfb4 ,usefulness of the ,wren in destroying ,insects4--,as a devourer of pernicious insects1 one of the most useful birds is the house wren4 ,this little bird seems to be particularly fond of the society of man1 and it must be confessed that it is often protected by his interested care4 ,it has long been a custom1 in many parts of the country1 to fix a small box at the end of a long pole1 in gardens1 about houses1 c41 as a place for it to build in4 ,in these boxes they build and hatch their young4 ,when the young are hatched1 the parent bird feeds them with a variety of different insects1 particularly such as are injurious in gardens4 ,an intelligent gentleman was at the trouble to observe the number of times a pair of these birds came from their box1 and returned with insects for their young4 ,he found that they did this from #dj to #fj times in an hour1 and in one particular hour1 the birds carried food to their young #ga times4 ,in this business they were engaged the greater part of the day2 say #ab hours4 ,taking the medium therefore of #ej times in an hour1 it appeared that a single pair of these birds took from the cabbage1 salad1 beans1 peas1 and other vegetables in the garden1 at least #fjj insects in the course of one day4 ,this calculation proceeds upon the supposition that the two birds took only a single insect each time4 ,but it is highly probable they often took several at a time4 #ajfc4 ,to destroy ,rats and other ,vermin4--,sponge1 if cut in small pieces1 fried or dipped in honey1 and given to vermin1 distends their intestines1 and effectually destroys them4 ,the addition of a little oil of ,rhodium will tempt them to eat4 ,a better method would be to feed them regularly two or three weeks in any apartment which they infest4 ,the hole1 by which they enter1 being first fitted with a sliding door1 to which a long string may be added2 any apartment might thus be turned into a gigantic rat-trap4 #ajfd4 ,another ,method of ,destroying ,rats4--,lay bird-lime in their haunts1 for though they are nasty enough in other respects1 yet being very curious of their fur1 if it is but daubed with this stuff1 it is so troublesome to them that they will even scratch their skins from off their own backs to get it off1 and will never abide in a place where they have suffered in this manner4 #ajfe4 ,to destroy ,rats or ,mice4--,mix flour of malt with some butter2 add thereto a drop or two of oil of anise-seeds2 make it up into balls1 and bait your traps therewith4 ,if you have thousands1 by this means you may take them all4 #ajff4 ,a ,mouse ,trap1 by which forty or fifty ,mice may be caught in a ,night4--,take a plain four-square trencher1 and put into the two contrary ends of it a large pin1 or piece of thick knitting-needle2 then take two sticks about a yard long1 and lay them on your dresser1 with a notch cut at each end of your sticks1 placing the two pins1 stuck on the corner of the trencher1 on the notches of the two sticks1 so that one corner of your trencher may lie about an inch upon your dresser or place that the mice may come to2 then let the corner that lies opposite to this be baited with some butter and oatmeal1 plastered fast on1 and when the mice run off the dresser to the butter1 it will tip them into a vessel full of water1 which you must place under the trencher1 in which they will be drowned4 ,that your trencher may not tip over1 with a little sealing-wax and a thread seal the string to the dresser and trencher1 and it will remain in good order for weeks or months4 #ajfg4 ,new1 simple1 and effectual ,method of destroying ,rats4--,a few years ago1 the corn-mill at ,glossop was very much infested with rats4 ,a quantity of barley1 which lay on the chamber floor was hourly visited by some of them4 ,the miller one day going to drive them away as usual1 happened to catch one of them under his hat1 which he killed2 he then singed all the hair off its body1 c41 until its skin1 tail1 and legs1 became stiff by the operation4 ,in this condition he set it upon its feet by the side of a heap of barley1 where it stood1 with pricked-up ears and tail1 for some time2 after this1 no rat dared to come near it2 and in a short space of time the mill was cleared of those depredators1 and has continued so ever since4 #ajfh4 ,to prevent the ,burrowing of ,rats in ,houses4--,rats may be effectually prevented from burrowing under the foundation of houses1 by making an offset of stone or brick1 about two feet in breadth1 and eighteen inches below the surface2 and by carrying up a perpendicular wall from the edge of this offset1 to within a few inches of the ground4 ,the adoption of the same plan inside will prevent the burrowing of these animals in cellars2 for rats always burrow close to a wall2 and finding their perpendicular course impeded1 they take a horizontal direction1 as far as the offset continues1 when they are again stopped by the outside wall4 ,thus baffled1 they ascend1 and go off4 ,those persons who have suffered in their granaries1 ice-houses1 and in the cellars of their dwelling-houses1 by the depredations of rats1 will probably deem this one of the most valuable articles of the present work4 #ajfi4 ,to keep ,ponds and ,artificial ,pieces of ,water free from ,weeds4--,at the ,marquis of ,exeter's seat1 near ,burghley1 there is an artificial piece of water1 about a mile in length1 which used to be so over-run with weeds1 that three men were employed constantly1 for six months in every year1 to keep them under2 in which they never perfectly succeeded4 ,about seven years ago1 two pair of swans were put on the water3 they completely cleared away all the weeds the first year1 and none have appeared since1 as the swans constantly eat them before they rise to the surface4 #ajgj4 ,usefulness of ,mowing ,weeds4--,in the month of ,june weeds are in their most succulent state2 and in this state1 especially after they have lain a few hours to wither1 hungry cattle will eat greedily almost every species4 ,there is scarcely a hedge1 border1 or nook1 but at this season is valuable1 and it must certainly be good management to embrace the transient opportunity2 for in a few weeks they will become nuisances4 #ajga4 ,on the great ,increase of ,milk from feeding ,milch ,cows with ,sainfoin4--,the quantity of milk produced by cows fed by sainfoin is nearly double to that of any other food4 ,the milk is also much richer1 and will yield a larger quantity of cream4 ,the butter will also be better colored and flavored than any other4 #ajgb4 ,parsnips productive of ,milk in ,cows4--,parsnips cause cows to produce abundance of milk1 and they eat them as free as they do oil-cake4 ,land1 #gl4 an acre in ,guernsey1 is sown with parsnips to feed cattle1 and the milk is like cream4--,sheep1 when lambing1 fed with them1 produce much milk4 ,they are improper food for horses1 subjecting them to blindness4 #ajgc4 ,most proper ,food for ,milch ,cows4--,milch cows are infinitely more profitable kept in the house than out of doors1 but they must be trained to it1 otherwise they do not thrive4 ,the best food for them are clover1 lucern1 potatoes1 yams1 turnips1 carrots1 cabbages1 peas1 and beans4 ,such cows as those in the neighborhood of ,london1 kept in the house1 and properly fed1 ought to yield nine gallons per day1 for the first four months after calving4 #ajgd4 ,additional ,quantity of ,milk to be gained by keeping ,milch ,cows in the ,house4--,in the management of cows a warm stable is highly necessary2 and currying them like horses not only affords them pleasure1 but makes them give their milk more freely4 ,they ought always to be kept clean1 laid dry1 and have plenty of good sweet water to drink4 ,cows treated in this manner have given two gallons of milk at a time1 when within ten days of calving4 #ajge4 ,utility of ,carrots as ,food for ,horses and other stall ,beasts4--,carrots are excellent food for horses1 either given alone1 or along with hay1 likewise for fattening stall beasts4 ,they make them eat straw1 and very indifferent hay1 greedily4 ,if the same be given to cows1 the milk will have a much less offensive taste and smell than when they are fed on turnips4 ,remark4--,it must be noted1 however1 that carrots1 though very excellent1 are a very expensive food4 ,they would not enable a farmer to pay his rent4 #ajgf4 ,excellent ,method of rearing ,calves1 and of preserving the ,cream1 and a great ,part of the ,milk during that ,time4--,put some water on the fire1 nearly the quantity that the calf can drink4 ,when it boils1 throw into it one or two handfuls of oatmeal1 and suffer the whole to boil for a minute4 ,then leave it to cool until new-milk-warm4 ,then mix with it one or two quarts of milk1 that has stood twelve hours1 and has been skimmed3 stir the whole1 and give it the calf to drink4 ,at first it is necessary to make the calf drink by presenting the fingers to it1 but it soon learns to do without this help1 and will grow incomparably faster than by the old method4 ,this new method is not only a theoretical truth1 but its success is confirmed by experience4 ,the economical advantages resulting from it are as follows4 ,according to the old method1 a calf intended for slaughter is made to suck for three weeks1 and those intended for agriculture1 from six to eight weeks4 ,supposing the cow gives only a moderate quantity of milk1 the value of it will amount1 in three weeks1 to nearly the value of the calf4 ,if1 on the contrary1 we rear a calf according to this method1 we consume during the three weeks only three quarts of oatmeal1 at most1 and the skimmed milk4 ,calves that have been brought up by this method have been always healthy and strong1 and not subject to disease4 ,they are not suffered to suck at all1 but to have the pure milk of the mother to drink for the first four days1 because it has been observed1 that the separation1 after four days1 is more painful to the mother than when the calf is taken from her soon after its birth4 #ajgg4 ,rules for ,milking ,cows4--,cows should be milked three times a day1 if fully fed throughout the summer1 and great caution should be exercised by the persons employed1 to draw the milk from them completely1 not only to increase the quantity of produce1 but to preserve its quality4 ,any portion which may be left in the udder seems gradually absorbed in the system1 and no more is formed than enough to supply the loss of what is taken away1 and by the continuance of the same mode1 a yet farther diminution of the secretion takes place1 till at length scarcely any is produced4 ,this last method of milking is always practised1 when it is intended that a cow should be rendered dry4 #ajgh4 ,proper ,temperature for a ,dairy4--,the apartments appropriated for dairy purposes should1 if possible1 possess a moderate temperature throughout the year1 and should be kept perfectly clean and dry4 ,the temperature of about fifty-five degrees is most favorable for the separation of the cream from the milk4 ,the utensils of the dairy are best made of wood2 lead and copper are soluble in acid1 and highly pernicious2 and though iron is not injurious1 the taste of it might render the produce of the dairy unpalatable4 #ajgi4 ,method of making excellent ,butter from the ,milk of ,cows fed upon ,turnips4--,let the bowls1 either lead or wood1 be kept constantly clean1 and well scalded with boiling water1 before using4 ,when the milk is brought into the dairy1 to every eight quarts mix one quart of boiling water2 then put up the milk into the bowls to stand for cream4 ,by keeping strictly to this method1 you will have1 during the winter1 constantly sweet and well-tasted butter from the milk of cows fed upon turnips4 #ajhj4 ,improved ,method of making ,butter4--,if the dairy consists of three or four cows1 they should be milked in the summer thrice a day2 in the morning1 at noon1 and in the evening4 ,each milking must be kept by itself1 in flat wooden vessels1 to cool in like manner2 and thus in succession for two or three days1 according to the temperature of the air1 the milk thickens1 and thence is fit for churning1 soonest in the warmest weather4 ,the quantity of butter will be generally in the proportion of a pound 7twenty-two ounces7 for each ten pints1 or five ,english gallons of milk4 ,in winter1 the cows are to be milked only twice a day1 and the milk is to be put into the churn warm from the cow1 where it must stand a day or two longer than in summer before it becomes sufficiently thick2 although to promote the coagulation1 it is sometimes brought near the kitchen fire1 particularly on the preceding night before it is churned2 and1 in intense cold1 it will be necessary to add a small quantity of boiling water4 ,the operation of churning is performed with the plunge-churn1 from two to three hours1 for thirty or forty pints of milk2 and at the last stage of the process1 a little cold water thrown in has the effect of promoting the separation of the butter from the milk4 ,this method of making butter has long been practiced in ,england2 it may be worth trial in ,america4 ,n4,b4--,the dairy-maid must not be disheartened if she does not succeed perfectly in her first attempt4 #ajha4 ,to prevent ,cows from contracting bad ,habits while ,milking4--,cows should always be treated with great gentleness1 and soothed by mild usage1 especially when young and ticklish1 or when the paps are tender1 in which case the udder ought to be fomented with warm water1 before milking1 and touched with the greatest gentleness1 otherwise the cow will be in danger of contracting bad habits1 becoming stubborn and unruly1 and retaining her milk ever after4 ,a cow never lets down her milk pleasantly to the person she dreads or dislikes4 ,the udder and paps should always be washed with clean water before milking2 but care should be taken that none of that water be admitted into the milking pail4 #ajhb4 ,to mark ,sheep1 without injury to the ,wool4--,to thirty spoonfuls of linseed oil1 add two ounces of litharge and one ounce of lamp-black3 unite them together by boiling1 and mark the sheep therewith4 #ajhc4 ,to improve the ,wool of ,sheep1 by ,smearing4--,immediately after the sheep are shorn1 soak the roots of the wool that remain all over with oil or butter and brimstone2 and three or four days afterwards1 wash them with salt and water4 ,the wool of next season will not only be much finer1 but the quantity will be in greater abundance4 ,it may be depended upon1 that the sheep will not be troubled with the scab or vermin that year4 ,salt water is a safe and effectual remedy against maggots4 #ajhd4 ,to preserve ,cattle from ,disease in the ,winter4--,when cattle are kept out in the winter1 it is recommended as an useful practice to rub some tar at the root of the horn1 which prevents the wet from getting between the root and the skin1 and1 it is said1 contributes to preserve the health of the animal1 and to keep it free from various diseases to which it may otherwise be liable4 #ajhe4 ,how to ,promote the ,health of ,farm ,animals4--,all domestic animals should be abundantly furnished with salt4 ,a supply kept within their reach1 whenever it can be done1 is recommended4 ,horses and pigs should occasionally have ashes given them in their food2 and pigs ought at all times1 when confined in pens1 to be supplied with charcoal1 as1 besides being a medicine1 it is a cheap and valuable food4 #ajhf4 ,parsley recommended to ,farmers to be sown with ,rape-seed1 as a preservative against the ,resp in ,sheep4--,a correspondent of the ,chester ,chronicle recommends to all farmers who sow rape-seed1 to sow with it a small portion of parsley at the same time2 this he pronounces an infallible preservative against the malady well-known by the name of resp1 in sheep3 he also advises to sow parsley on turnip land at the time of hoeing turnips4 ,the above correspondent asserts1 that he has pursued this plan upwards of twenty-five years1 and during that time he has never lost one sheep1 either in rape or turnip land4 ,remark4--,in some counties1 parsley is sown with clover1 on the supposition that it prevents cattle from being bursten1 or hoven4 #ajhg4 ,how to catch ,sheep4--,never seize them by the wool on the back2 it hurts them exceedingly1 and1 in some cases1 has been known to kill them1 particularly in hot weather1 when they are large and fat4 ,the best way is to avoid the wool altogether2 accustom yourself to take them by the hind leg1 or what is still better1 by the neck1 placing one hand under the jaws1 and the other at the back of the ears4 ,by lifting up the head1 in this manner1 a child may hold almost any sheep1 without danger to the animal or himself4 #ajhh4 ,mr4 ,bakewell's ,liquid for the cure of the ,foot-rot in ,sheep4--,dissolve four ounces1 each1 of vitriol and common alum1 three ounces of verdigris1 an ounce and a half of white mercury1 and an ounce of white copperas1 all finely pulverized1 in a quart of white-wine vinegar4 #ajhi4 ,mr4 ,culley's ,red ,salve1 to cure the ,rot in ,sheep4--,mix four ounces of the best honey1 two ounces of burnt alum1 reduced to powder1 and half a pound of ,armenian bole1 with as much train or fish oil as will convert these ingredients into the consistence of a salve4 ,the honey must first be gradually dissolved1 when the ,armenian bole must be stirred in2 afterwards the alum and train oil are to be added4 #ajij4 ,a profitable way of fattening ,pigs4--,put four pigs in a sty1 for they feed best in company2 but if there are too many1 they are apt to quarrel3 feed them moderately the first week2 and thrice during the second week1 mix with their barley-meal as much antimony as will lie on a shilling2 and the third week1 twice give them the same quantity4 ,i need scarcely observe1 it is in powder4 ,this purifies the blood1 gives them an appetite1 and makes them thrive apace4 #ajia4 ,new mode of fattening ,pigs4--,a pig lately gained1 by feeding on ,indian corn1 in the course of six weeks and three days1 the enormous weight of fifteen stone4 ,this mode of feeding has long been known to the ,neapolitans1 whose pigs are so fat1 as hardly to be able to move4 ,,gardening4 #ajib4 ,proper situation for a ,green-,house4--,the aspect of a green-house may be at any point from east to west1 following the course of the sun2 or1 it may even be a little to the north of east or west2 but only a little1 and the less the better1 otherwise the plants will not generally thrive in it1 nor will the flowers acquire their natural colors4 ,a south aspect is to be preferred4 #ajic4 ,on preserving ,seeds of ,plants in a state fit for ,vegetation4--,seeds of plants may be preserved1 for many months at least1 by causing them to be packed1 either in husks1 pods1 c41 in absorbent paper1 with raisins or brown moist sugar2 or1 a good way1 practised by gardeners1 is to wrap the seed in brown paper or cartridge paper1 pasted down1 and then varnished over4 #ajid4 ,to facilitate the ,growth of ,foreign ,seeds4--,mr4 ,humboldt has found1 that seeds which do not commonly germinate in our climate1 or in our hot-houses1 and which1 of course1 we cannot raise for our gardens1 or hope to naturalize in our fields1 become capable of germinating1 when immersed for some days in a weak1 oxygenized muriatic acid4 ,this interesting discovery has already turned to advantage in several botanic gardens4 #ajie4 ,to plant and make ,edgings4--,edgings of daisies1 thrift1 violets1 gentianella1 c41 should be planted in ,february2 but those of box succeed better1 if planted in ,april or ,august4 #ajif4 ,to train ,evergreen and other ,hedges4--,evergreen hedges may be clipt about the beginning1 but not later than the middle of ,april1 as by that time they will begin to grow--and it is proper that this work should be previously performed4 ,some content themselves with clipping but once a year1 in which case the end of ,july1 or first of ,august1 is a better time4 ,in trimming these1 or indeed any hedge intended as a close fence1 they should be dressed up to a thin edge at top1 as otherwise they are apt to get full of gaps below2 and the cause is obvious1 that the under part1 in square or cut hedges1 is too much shaded by the upper part4 ,now1 by sloping the sides1 every part of the hedge is freely exposed to the air2 nor is any part over-dropped by another4 ,a hedge1 intended merely as a fence1 need seldom be more than five feet high1 or at most six4 ,screen hedges may be allowed to run to any height thought necessary for the purpose2 neither is it requisite to trim them so often as fence-hedges2 once a year1 or in two years1 may be sufficient4 ,in the training of any hedge1 it should not be topped or shortened1 till it has arrived at a full yard in height2 but it may then have a little taken off the points1 in order to make it bush the better1 and shoot afterwards of a more regular height2 the sides1 however1 should be trimmed from the second or third year of planting1 that it may grow the more complete and close below1 for therein consists the excellence of any fence4 ,it should not in topping1 at any time while in training1 be much cut in1 as that would make it push the stronger to the top1 to the detriment of the sides4 ,when fence-hedges outgrow their limits1 they must1 of course1 be cut either wholly or partly down2 but if they be tolerably well kept1 it is seldom necessary to cut them down more than half to the ground4 #ajig4 ,how to cut ,box ,edgings4--,box edgings should be cut about the beginning of ,april1 or in the end of ,july4 ,they should1 however1 be cut once a year1 and should be kept two inches in breadth at bottom2 being tapered up to a thin edge at top2 for nothing looks so ill as a large1 bushy edging1 especially to a narrow walk4 ,the use of edging is to separate the earth from the gravel2 and the larger they are allowed to grow1 the less effectual they become2 getting the more open below1 as they advance in height4 ,such also harbor snails1 and other troublesome vermin4 #ajih4 ,a sure method of curing ,gravel-,walks4--,three parts pond-water to one of brine1 from the salting-tub in a family1 poured with a watering-pot upon gravel-walks1 will not only kill the moss upon them1 but drive away the worms which make so many holes in them1 and also prevent weeds springing up4 ,this a gentleman lately tried1 who has several gravel-walks in a grove near his house4 ,since he moistened his walks with brine--which is now four years ago--they are incommoded neither by moss1 weeds1 nor worms4 ,every autumn he causes them to be well watered with the brine and pond-water1 during a whole week1 to prevent moss2 and a week in the spring1 to guard against weeds and worms2 besides giving them a sprinkling every now and then1 in the summer-season1 when they seem to want it4 #ajii4 ,proper method of laying ,carnations4--,in summer1 towards the latter-end of ,june1 or any time in ,july or beginning of ,august1 when the shoots of the year are advanced to a proper growth1 being from four1 five1 or six1 to seven or eight inches long1 which are to be laid as they grow on the plants1 and to remain affixed thereto till rooted on the ground4 ,thus far observed1 begin the work by first clearing away all weeds about the plants1 and loosen the earth a little around them1 and if the surface is low1 add some mould thereto sufficient to raise it high enough to receive the layers easily2 then begin laying the shoots one by one2 strip off the lower leaves so as to have some inches of a clear shoot below2 and trim the top leaves shorter and even1 and then slit or gash the shoot on the under side2 in doing which1 fix on a joint about the middle of the shoot underneath1 and with your sharp knife cut half through the joint1 and slanting upwards2 so as to slit the shoot up the middle half an inch1 or but little more2 which done1 directly lay it1 by bending it down to the earth with the gash or slit part open1 making an opening in the earth1 and peg it down with one or two of the small-hooked sticks1 and earth over the body of the layer an inch or two deep1 still keeping the slit open and the top raised gently upright1 pressing the earth moderately upon them2 and in this manner proceed with laying all the shoots on each plant2 and when all are laid1 give a gentle watering to settle the earth close about the layers1 and repeat it frequently in dry weather4 ,they will soon emit roots at the gash or slit part1 generally at the bottom of the tongue1 and in five or six weeks will often be rooted fit for separating and planting off from the parent1 so that when they have been about five1 six1 or seven weeks laid1 you will examine the progress they have made in rooting1 by opening the earth gently about some of the layers2 and as soon as they appear to be tolerably rooted1 let them be cut off from the old plant with a sharp knife1 in order to be timely planted out in nursery beds1 that they may root more abundantly1 and get due strength before winter2 observing1 in cutting them off from the mother plant1 to open the ground so as to take them up with all the roots they have made1 and cut them clean off beyond the gash2 afterwards trim off any naked woody part or bottom1 but preserve all the roots1 and trim the long tops a little1 then plant them in nursery rows1 six inches asunder1 or you may prick some in small pots1 one layer in each1 giving water directly at planting1 and repeat it often in dry weather till they take good root1 and grow freely1 keeping them clean from weeds4 ,those in the nursery beds will1 by ,october1 be good strong plants4 ,the choicest sorts may then be planted in pots1 to move under occasional shelter in time of severe frost1 and for which purpose1 either use small pots 7#cb7 to contain them all winter1 or plant them in large pots 7#bd or #af7 to remain to flower1 observing to take them up out of the nursery beds for potting1 c41 with a garden trowel1 each layer with a good ball of earth about the roots2 and having the pots ready1 place a shell over the holes at bottom1 and put some good light rich earth therein2 plant one layer with its ball about the roots entire in each pot1 fill up with more earth1 and give some water2 you may also at the same time plant some of the more ordinary or common sorts into flower-borders or beds1 to stand the full weather all the year2 but the choicer sorts in the pots may1 in ,november1 be placed close together1 either in a garden-frame1 to have occasional protection of the glasses1 or mats1 in severe frost1 and have the full air in all open weather and mild days1 or may be plunged in a raised bed of any dry compost1 raised some inches above the common level1 and arched over with hoop arches1 in order to be protected with occasional covering of garden mats when hard frosts prevail2 but in either method1 be sure to expose them fully in all open weather1 as aforesaid4 ,in the spring1 such as have remained all winter in small pots should1 in ,february or early in ,march1 be turned out with the ball of earth about the root1 and planted into larger pots1 to remain for flowering1 giving proper waterings2 and those which were potted at once into larger pots in autumn should now have the earth stirred at top1 taking out some1 and fill up with fresh good earth1 and give a little water4 ,the layers planted in the common borders of the pleasure and flower garden require no other care than keeping them clean from weeds1 and tying up the flower stalks to sticks when they are advanced long enough to require support4 #aajj4 ,to remove ,herbs and ,flowers in the ,summer4--,if you have occasion to transplant in the summer season1 let it be in the evening after the heat is past2 plant and water the same immediately1 and there will be no danger from the heat next day2 but be careful1 in digging up the earth1 you do not break any of the young shoots1 as the sap will exude out of the same to the great danger of the plants4 #aaja4 ,new ,method of raising ,cucumbers4--,from the best seed that can be got of the common prickly cucumber1 raise plants on a moderate hot-bed1 not hurrying them too much in their growth4 ,in ,may1 when the danger of the frost is nearly over1 familiarize the plants1 by degrees1 to the air1 and towards the latter end of the month plant them in the open ground against a south wall4 ,take care not to give them too much water1 as that will injure the fruit4 ,when they have run up about five feet1 they will send forth blossoms1 and the fruit will begin to show itself soon after4 ,the flesh of cucumbers raised in this manner will be thicker and firmer1 and the flavor vastly more delicious1 than those raised from the same seed1 but planted in the ordinary way1 and the runners suffered to trail on the ground4 ,though a south wall in most gardens1 is too much appropriated to other things1 to give room for cucumbers in general1 yet in every garden a few plants may be so trained by way of rarity1 and to save seed1 which is found to be greatly improved by this method1 so as to produce much better cucumbers in the common way of raising them4 ,one or two plants1 so raised1 will supply a sufficient quantity of seed for a large garden4 ,laying a cucumber or melon-bed with tiles1 is also of particular service in improving the fruit1 and giving it a proper flavor4 #aajb4 ,to prevent the irregular ,growth of ,melons4--,it is well known that melons frequently1 in certain situations1 lose their circular form1 and grow larger on one side than the other1 and that those misshapen fruits are always bad4 ,to remedy this1 take a small forked stick1 in proportion to the size of the melon1 and thrust it in the ground as nearly as possible to the tail of the fruit1 taking the precaution to lay a little moss between the two prongs1 and suspend the melon to this fork4 ,in a few days the melon will resume its form1 when the fork may be removed1 and the operation is finished4 ,the quality of the fruit remains unchanged4 #aajc4 ,easy ,method of producing ,mushrooms4--,if the water wherein mushrooms have been steeped or washed be poured upon an old bed1 or if the broken parts of mushrooms be strewed thereon1 there will speedily arise great numbers4 #aajd4 ,to obtain a good ,crop of ,onions4--,in order to obtain a good crop of onions1 it is proper to sow at different seasons1 viz41 in light soils1 in ,august1 ,january1 or early in ,february2 and in heavy wet soils1 in ,march1 or early in ,april4 ,onions1 however1 should not be sown in ,january1 unless the ground be in a dry state1 which is not often the case at so early a period of the season2 but if so1 advantage should be taken of it4 #aaje4 ,the ,advantage of sowing ,peas in ,circles instead of straight ,rows4--,it is a great error in those persons who sow the rows of tall-growing peas close together4 ,it is much better in all those sorts1 which grow six or eight feet high1 to have only one row1 and then to leave a bed ten or twelve feet wide for onions1 carrots1 or any crops which do not grow tall4 ,the advantages which will be derived are1 that the peas will not be drawn up so much1 be stronger1 will flower much nearer to the ground1 and in wet weather can be more easily gathered without wetting you4 ,but instead of sowing peas in straight rows1 if you will form the ground into circles of three feet diameter1 with a space of two feet between each circle1 in a row thirty feet long1 you will have six circles of peas1 each nine feet1 in all fifty-four feet of peas1 instead of thirty1 on the same extent of ground4 ,if you want more than one row of circles1 leave a bed of ten or twelve feet before you begin another4 ,for the very tall sorts1 four feet circles will afford more room for the roots to grow in1 and care must be taken1 by applying some tender twigs1 or strings1 to prevent the circles from joining each other4 ,this method is equally applicable for scarlet-beans4 #aajf4 ,to raise ,peas in ,autumn1 and to prevent ,mice from eating them when sown4--,the purple-flowered peas are found to answer best for a late crop in autumn1 as they are not so liable to be mildewed as many of the other sorts1 and will continue flowering till the frost stops them4 ,those peas may be sown in ,july1 ,august1 or so late as the first week in ,september1 if sown in a warm1 sheltered situation1 and in a soil inclining to sand4 ,soak the peas in warm milk1 and after you have drawn the drills1 water them before you sow the peas2 it is best to sow them towards the evening4 ,if the autumn should prove very dry1 they will require frequent watering4 ,when peas are sown before winter1 or early in spring1 they are very apt to be eaten by mice4 ,to prevent this1 soak the peas for a day or two in train oil before you sow them1 which will encourage their vegetation1 and render them so obnoxious to the mice1 that they will not eat them4 #aajg4 ,method of cultivating ,radishes for ,salad1 so as to have them ready at all seasons of the year4--,take seeds of the common radish1 and lay them in rain-water to steep for twenty-four hours2 then put them quite wet into a small linen bag1 well tied at the mouth with packthread4 ,if you have steeped a large quantity of seeds1 you may divide them into several bags4 ,then expose the bags in a place where they will receive the greatest heat of the sun1 for about twenty-four hours1 at the end of which time the seed will begin to grow1 and you may then sow it in the usual manner1 in earth well exposed to the heat of the sun4 ,prepare two small tubs to cover each other exactly4 ,these may be easily provided1 by sawing a small cask through the middle1 and they will serve in winter2 in summer one will be sufficient for each kind of earth that has been sown4 ,as soon as you have sown your seeds you must cover them with your tub1 and at the end of three days you will find radishes of the size and thickness of young lettuces1 having at their extremities two small round leaves1 rising from the earth1 of a reddish color4 ,these radishes1 cut or pulled up1 will be excellent1 if mixed with salad1 and they have a much more delicate taste than the common radishes which are eaten with salt4 ,by taking the following precautions1 you may have them in the winter1 and even during the hardest frosts3 ,after having steeped the seeds in warm water1 and exposed them to the sun1 as already directed1 or in a place sufficiently hot to make them shoot forth1 warm the two tubs2 fill one of them with earth well dunged2 sow your seeds1 thus prepared1 in one of them1 and cover it with the other tub2 you must then be careful to sprinkle it with warm water as often as may be necessary4 ,then carry the two tubs closely joined1 taking care they cover each other1 into a warm vault1 or cellar1 and at the end of fifteen days you may gather a fine salad4 #aajh4 ,to preserve ,strawberry ,plants from the ,heat of the ,sun1 c4--,sir ,joseph ,banks1 from a variety of experiments1 and the experience of many years1 recommends a general revival of the now almost obsolete practice of laying straw under strawberry-plants1 when the fruit begins to swell2 by which means the roots are shaded from the sun1 the waste of moisture by evaporation prevented1 the leaning fruit kept from damage by resting on the ground1 particularly in wet weather1 and much labor in watering saved4 ,twenty trusses of long straw are sufficient for #ahjj feet of plants4 #aaji4 ,directions for managing ,strawberries in ,summer4--,on the management of strawberries in ,june and ,july1 the future prosperity of them greatly depends2 and if each plant has not been kept separate1 by cutting off the runners1 they will be in a state of confusion1 and you will find three different sorts of plants4 #a4 ,old plants1 whose roots are turned black1 hard1 and woody4 #b4 ,young plants1 not strong enough to flower4 #c4 ,flowering plants1 which ought only to be there1 and perhaps not many of them4 ,before the time of flowering is quite over1 examine them1 and pull up every old plant which has not flowered2 for1 if once they have omitted to flower1 you may depend upon it they never will produce any after1 being too old1 and past bearing2 but to be fully convinced1 leave two or three1 set a stick to them1 and observe them the next year4 ,if the young plants1 runners of last year1 be too thick1 take some of them away1 and do not leave them nearer than a foot of the scarlet1 alpines1 and wood1 and fifteen or sixteen inches of all the larger sorts2 and in the first rainy weather in ,july or ,august1 take them all up1 and make a fresh plantation with them1 and they will be very strong plants for flowering next year4 ,old beds1 even if the plants be kept single at their proper distance1 examine1 and pull all the old plants which have not flowered4 ,when the fruit is nearly all gathered1 examine them again1 and cut off the runners2 but if you want to make a fresh plantation1 leave some of the two first1 and cut off all the rest4 ,then stir up the ground with a trowel1 or three-pronged fork1 and in ,august they will be fit to transplant4 ,if you have omitted in ,july1 do not fail in ,august1 that the runners may make good roots1 to be transplanted in ,september2 for1 if later1 the worms will draw them out of the ground1 and the frost afterwards will prevent them from striking root2 the consequence of which is1 their not flowering the next spring2 and you will lose a year4 #aaaj4 ,to cultivate the common ,garden ,rhubarb4--,it is not enough to give it depth of good soil1 but it must be watered in drought2 and in winter must be well covered with straw or dung4 ,if this is attended to1 your rhubarb will be solid when taken out of the ground2 and your kitchen1 if a warm one1 will soon fit it for use4 #aaaa4 ,method of cultivating and curing ,turkey ,rhubarb from ,seed4--,the seed should be sown about the beginning of ,february1 on a bed of good soil1 7if rather sandy1 the better7 exposed to an east or west aspect in preference to the south2 a full sun being prejudicial to the vegetation of the seeds1 and to the plants whilst young4 ,the seeds are best sown moderately thick1 7broad cast7 treading them regularly in1 as is usual with parsnips and other light seeds1 and then raking the ground smooth4 ,when the season is wet1 make a bed for sowing the rhubarb seeds upon1 about two feet thick1 with new dung from the stable1 covering it near one foot thick with good soil4 ,the intent of this bed is not for the sake of warmth1 but solely to prevent the rising of earth-worms1 which in a moist season will frequently destroy the young crop4 ,if the seed is good1 the plants often rise too thick2 if so1 when they have attained six leaves1 they should be taken up carefully1 7where too close71 leaving the standing crop eight or ten inches apart3 those taken up may be planted at the same distance in a fresh spot of ground1 in order to furnish other plantations4 ,when the plants in general are grown to the size that cabbage-plants are usually set out for a standing crop1 they are best planted where they are to remain1 in beds four feet wide1 one row along the middle of the bed1 leaving two yards' distance between the plants1 allowing an alley between the beds about a foot wide1 for conveniency of weeding the plants4 ,in the autumn1 when the decayed leaves are removed1 if the shoveling of the alleys is thrown over the crowns of the plants1 it will be found of service4 #aaab4 ,cultivation of ,turkey ,rhubarb1 by offsets4--,slip off several offsets from the heads of large plants2 set them with a dibble about a foot apart1 in order to remove them into other beds2 and1 in the autumn1 they will be in a thriving state4 #aaac4 ,method of curing ,rhubarb4--,the plants may be taken up1 either early in the spring or in autumn1 when the leaves are decayed1 in dry weather1 if possible3 when the roots are to be cleared from dirt1 7without washing17 let them be cut into pieces1 and1 with a sharp knife1 freed from the outer coat1 and exposed to the sun and air for a few days1 to render the outside a little dry4 ,in order to accelerate the curing of the largest pieces1 a hole may be scooped out with a pen-knife2 these and the smaller parts are then to be strung on packthread1 and hung up in a warm room1 where it is to remain till perfectly dry4 ,each piece may be rendered more sightly by a common file1 fixing it in a small vice during that operation2 afterwards rub over it a very fine powder1 which the small roots furnish in beautiful perfection1 for this and every other purpose where rhubarb is required4 ,an easier and simpler method of drying rhubarb is1 after cutting the root into handsome pieces1 to wrap up each separately1 in one or more pieces of whitish-brown paper1 and then to place them on the hob of a common ,bath stove4 ,lemon and orange-peel dry beautifully in this way4 #aaad4 ,proper ,soil for the culture of ,turnips4--,sandy loams1 in good heart1 are most favorable to their growth1 though they will thrive well on strong loams1 if they are not wet2 but on clayey1 thin1 or wet soils1 they are not worth cultivating2 for though a good crop may be raised on such ground1 when well prepared and dunged1 more damage is done by taking off the turnips in winter1 in poaching the soil1 than the value of the crop will repay4 #aaae4 ,preservation of ,succulent ,plants4--,green succulent plants are better preserved after a momentary immersion in boiling water1 than otherwise4 ,this practice has been successfully used in the preservation of cabbage and other plants1 dried for keeping2 it destroys the vegetable life at once1 and1 in a great degree1 prevents that decay which otherwise attends them4 #aaaf4 ,various useful properties of ,tobacco to ,gardeners4--,tobacco is employed for so many different uses1 that there is no person possessed of a garden but will find both pleasure and profit in the cultivation of it1 especially as it is now at such a high price4 ,the seed is very cheap1 and may be procured of most nurserymen1 and will answer the same end as the foreign for most purposes1 and considerably cheaper4 ,uses to which it may be applied4--#a4 ,to florists1 for two elegant annual plants to decorate the borders of the flower-garden2 or1 on account of their height1 to fill up vacant places in the shrubberies2 or1 when put into pots1 they will be very ornamental in the green-house during the winter4 #b4 ,kitchen-gardeners would in a few days lose their crops of melons1 if not immediately fumigated with tobacco-smoke1 when attacked by the red spider2 and it is useful to destroy the black flies on cucumbers in frames4 #c4 ,fruit-gardeners4 ,when peach and nectarine-trees have their leaves curled up1 and the shoots covered with smother-flies2 or1 the cherry-trees have the ends of the shoots infested with the black dolphin-fly2 canvas1 pack-sheets1 or doubled mats1 nailed before them1 and frequently fumigated under them1 will destroy those insects4 #d4 ,forcing-gardeners1 who raise roses and kidney-beans in stoves1 can soon destroy the green flies which cover the stalks and buds of roses1 and the insects which appear like a mildew on kidney-beans1 by the assistance of the fumigating bellows4 #e4 ,nurserymen4 ,when the young shoots of standard cherry-trees1 or any other trees1 are covered with the black dolphin-flies1 an infusion is made with the leaves and stalks of tobacco2 a quantity is put into an earthen pan1 or small1 oblong wooden trough2 one person holds this up1 whilst another gently bends the top of each tree1 and lets the branches remain about a minute in the liquor1 which destroys them4 #f4 ,graziers1 when their sheep are infected with the scab1 find relief from making a sheep-water with an infusion of the leaves and stalks4 ,moles1 when only a few hills are at first observed1 may probably be soon driven out of the ground1 by fumigating their holes4 #g4 ,herb tobacco is also greatly improved by having some of the leaves1 when dried1 cut with a pair of scissors1 and mixed with the herbs in any quantity you may think proper1 according to the strength you require1 and save you the expense of buying tobacco4 ,the herbs generally used for this purpose are colt's-foot and wood betony-leaves2 the leaves and flowers of lavender1 rosemary1 thyme1 and some others of the like nature4 ,,the ,,orchard4 #aaag4 ,to prevent ,blossom and ,fruit-trees from being damaged by early ,spring ,frost4--,if a rope 7a hempen one1 it is presumed7 be introduced among the branches of a fruit-tree in blossom1 and the end of it brought down1 so as to terminate in a bucket of water2 and1 should a slight frost take place in the night-time1 in that case the tree will not be affected by the frost2 but a film of ice1 of considerable thickness1 will be formed on the surface of the bucket in which the rope's-end is immersed1 although it has often happened that another bucket of water1 placed beside it for the sake of experiment1 has had no ice at all upon it4 #aaah4 ,chinese mode of propagating ,fruit-trees4--,the ingenious people of ,china have a common method of propagating several kinds of fruit-trees1 which of late years has been practised with success in ,bengal4 ,the method is simply this3--,they strip a ring of bark1 about an inch in width1 from a bearing branch1 surround the place with a ball of fat earth1 or loam1 bound fast to the branch with a piece of matting3 over this they suspend a pot or horn1 with water1 having a small hole in the bottom just sufficient to let the water drop1 in order to keep the earth constantly moist4 ,the branch throws new roots into the earth just above the place where the ring of bark was stripped off4 ,the operation is performed in the spring1 and the branch is sawed off and put into the ground at the fall of the leaf4 ,the following year it will bear fruit4 #aaai4 ,to improve ,fruit-trees by attention to the ,color of the ,soil4--,the color and also the quality of soils have an effect on the color and flavor of fruits--even on the color of many flowers4 ,the effects of the color of soils on that of fruits1 are most perceptible on the delicate kinds1 such as grapes1 peaches1 c42 but to a nice observer1 it extends in a greater or less degree to all fruits4 ,for instance1 if two black ,hamburgh grapes1 made from the cuttings of the same plant1 shall be planted1 the one in a dry1 hazelly loam1 and the other in a moist1 black earth1 the fruit of the one will be brown1 or of a grizzly color1 and the other very dark red or black2 and the grape will be more juicy1 though better in flavor1 than the other grown in a dryer soil4 #aabj4 ,to increase the ,growth in ,trees4--,it may be depended upon as a fact1 that by occasionally washing the stems of trees1 their growth will be greatly increased2 for several recent experiments have proved1 that all the ingredients of vegetation united1 which are received from the roots1 stem1 branches1 and leaves of a mossy and dirty tree1 do not produce half the increase either in wood or fruit1 that another gains whose stem is clean4 ,it is clearly obvious1 that proper nourishment cannot be received from rain1 for the dirty stem will retain the moisture longer than when clean2 and the moss and dirt will absorb the finest parts of the dew1 and likewise act as a screen1 by depriving the tree of that share of sun and air which it requires4 ,a common scrubbing-brush and clean water is all that is necessary1 only care must be observed not to injure the bark4 #aaba4 ,to prevent ,hares and ,rabbits from ,barking young ,plantations4--,hares1 rabbits1 and rats1 have a natural antipathy to tar2 but tar1 though fluid1 contracts1 when exposed to the sun and air for a time1 a great dryness and a very binding quality2 and if applied to trees in its natural state1 will occasion them to be bark-bound4 ,to remove this difficulty1 tar is of so strong a savor1 that a small quantity mixed with other things1 in their nature open and loose1 will give the whole mixture such a degree of its own taste and smell1 as will prevent hares1 c41 touching what it is applied to4 ,take any quantity of tar1 and six or seven times as much grease1 stirring and mixing them well together2 with this composition brush the stems of young trees1 as high as hares1 c41 can reach2 and it will effectually prevent their being barked4 #aabb4 ,bad effects of ,iron ,nails1 c41 on ,fruit-trees1 or mischievous effects of ,iron ,nails1 in conjunction with ,branches of ,fruit-trees4--,it often happens that some of the limbs of fruit-trees1 trained against a wall1 are blighted and die1 while others remain in a healthy and flourishing state4 ,this has been hitherto erroneously attributed to the effects of lightning2 but1 from closer observation1 and from several experiments1 it has been found to arise from the corroding effects of the rust of the nails and cramps with which trees in this situation are fastened4 ,to avoid this inconvenience1 therefore1 it requires only to be careful in preventing the iron from coming in contact with the bark of the trees4 #aabc4 ,to destroy ,moss on ,trees4--,remove it with a hard scrubbing-brush1 in ,february and ,march1 and wash the trees with cow-dung1 urine1 and soap-suds4 #aabd4 ,necessity of taking off superfluous ,suckers from ,shrubs4--,many flowering shrubs put out strong suckers from the root1 such as lilacs1 syringa1 and some of the kinds of roses1 which take greatly from the strength of the mother-plant2 and which1 if not wanted for the purpose of planting next season1 should be twisted off1 or otherwise destroyed4 #aabe4 ,to cure the ,disease in ,apple-trees4--,brush off the white down1 clear off the red stain underneath it1 and anoint the places infected with a liquid mixture of train-oil and ,scotch-snuff4 #aabf4 ,to cure the ,canker in ,trees4--,cut them off to the quick1 and apply a piece of sound bark from any other tree1 and bind it on with a flannel roller4 ,cut off the canker1 and a new shoot will grow strong1 but in a year or two you will find it cankered4 #aabg4 ,a method of curing ,fruit-trees infected with an ,easterly ,blight4--,where valuable fruit-trees are infected with this blight1 they may1 with little trouble and expense be in a short time cured1 by fumigating them with brimstone strewed on lighted charcoal2 this effectually kills it2 but the workman must observe to get to windward of the trees1 as the fumes1 both of brimstone and charcoal1 are very offensive and pernicious4 ,mr4 ,miller recommends washing and sprinkling the blighted trees from time to time1 with common water1 7that is1 such as hath not had anything steeped in it17 and the sooner that is performed1 7whenever we apprehend danger17 the better2 and if the young and tender shoots seem to be much infected1 wash them with a woollen cloth1 so as to clear them1 if possible1 from all glutinous matter1 that their respiration and perspiration may not be obstructed2 and if some broad1 flat pans1 or tubs1 are placed near the trees1 it will keep their tender parts in a ductile state1 and greatly help them2 but whenever this operation of washing the trees is performed1 it should be early in the day1 that the moisture may be exhaled before the cold of the night comes on1 especially if the nights are frosty2 nor should it be done when the sun shines very hot upon the wall1 which would be subject to scorch up the tender blossom4 #aabh4 ,experienced method of healing ,wounds in ,trees4--,this method consists in making a varnish of common linseed oil1 rendered very drying1 by boiling it1 for the space of an hour1 with an ounce of litharge to each pound of oil1 mixed with calcined bones1 pulverized and sifted1 to the consistence of an almost liquid paste4 ,with this paste the wounds of trees are to be covered1 by means of a brush1 after the bark and other substance have been pared1 so as to render the whole as smooth and even as possible4 ,the varnish must be applied in dry weather1 in order that it may attach itself properly4 #aabi4 ,composition for healing ,wounds in ,trees4--,take of dry1 pounded chalk1 three measures2 add of common vegetable tar1 one measure2 mix them thoroughly1 and boil them1 with a low heat1 till the composition becomes of the consistency of bees'-wax3 it may be preserved for use1 in this state1 for any length of time4 ,if chalk cannot conveniently be got1 dry brick-dust may be substituted4 ,application4--,after the broken or decayed limb has been sawed off1 the whole of the saw-cut must be very carefully pared away1 and the rough edges of the bark1 in particular must be made quite smooth2 the doing of this properly is of great consequence2 then lay on the above composition1 hot1 about the thickness of half-a-dollar1 over the wounded place1 and over the edges of the surrounding bark2 it should be spread with a hot trowel4 #aacj4 ,to prune ,wall ,fruit4--,cut off all fresh shoots1 however fair they may appear to the eye1 that will not1 without much bending1 be well placed to the wall2 for if any branch happen to be twisted or bruised in the bending or turning 7which you may not easily perceive71 although it may grow and prosper for the present1 yet it will decay in time1 and the sap or gum will issue from that place4 #aaca4 ,to prune ,vines to ,advantage4--,in pruning vines1 leave some new branches every year1 and take away 7if too many7 some of the old1 which will be of great advantage to the tree1 and much increase the quantity of fruit4 ,when you trim your vine1 leave two knots1 and cut them off the next time2 for1 usually1 the two buds yield a bunch of grapes4 ,vines1 thus pruned1 have been known to bear abundantly1 whereas others that have been cut close to please the eye1 have been almost barren of fruit4 #aacb4 ,the most proper ,times when ,leaves of ,trees ought to be collected for pharmaceutical and economical ,purposes4--,it is at that period when the plant is in full flower1 that the leaves possess their full virtue4 ,they drop off when their particular life has terminated4 ,,timber4 #aacc4 ,to promote the ,growth of ,forest-trees4--,it is highly to be censured1 the neglect of permitting ivy-twines1 which grow to forest-trees1 to remain attached to them4 ,their roots entering into the bark1 rob the trees of much of their nourishment2 they in a manner strangle their supporters1 by impeding the circulation of their juices1 and in time destroy the trees4 ,they should be torn up by the roots1 for1 if any part of them adhere to the tree1 they will spread1 as they obtain nourishment by their adhering roots4 #aacd4 ,white-washing the ,trunks of ,trees1 recommended4--,being one day upon a visit 7observes ,mr4 ,northmore1 who recommends this experiment7 at my friend's near ,yarmouth1 in the ,isle of ,wight1 ,i remarked that several of the trunks of trees in his orchard had been covered with whitewash2 upon inquiring the reason1 he replied1 that he had done it with a view to keep off the hares1 and other animals1 and that it was attended not only with that good effect1 but several others1 for it made the rind smooth and compact1 by closing up the cracks2 it entirely destroyed the moss2 and as the rains washed off the lime1 it manured the roots4 ,these several advantages1 derived from so simple a practice1 deserve to be more generally known4 ,the white-wash is made in the usual manner with lime1 and may be applied twice1 or oftener1 if necessary4 #aace4 ,to cure ,wounds in ,trees4--,wounds in trees are best cured by covering them with a coat of common lead paint without turpentine 7for turpentine is poison to vegetation7 in the sun1 on a fine dry day4 #aacf4 ,trees for ,shade1 ,nursery ,trees1 c4--,forest ,trees selected for shade should be of kinds not liable to be attacked by worms and insects4 ,the rock or sugar maple is always remarkably free from worms1 and it makes the most dense and beautiful shade of all our deciduous trees4 ,this is becoming a very popular tree1 and we hope to see it extensively propagated4 ,there is no more risk in transplanting this than the elm1 and the limbs are not liable to be broken by the winds and snow4 ,we believe it is generally admitted that transplanted trees succeed best when their early growth has been in soil similar to that for which they are destined to be placed permanently4 ,if raised in such a soil1 and transplanted to that which is thin and poor1 they seem to receive a shock from which with difficulty they recover4 ,as a gentleman once remarked1 it is like feeding a calf with all the milk he will take till he is six months old1 and then suddenly turning him off to live on a short pasture4 ,large trees may be as successfully planted as small ones4 ,the mode and result of an experiment made by ,messrs4 ,pomeroy and ,dutton1 of ,utica1 are thus given3 ,those gentlemen transplanted trees1 comprising maples1 elm1 beech1 c41 some thirty feet in height1 which were transplanted without being shorn of any of their branches4 ,the process of removal was as follows3--,in the fall1 before the frost1 a trench was dug around the trees selected1 from ten to fifteen feet in diameter1 and the roots severed4 ,in the winter when the ground had become solid from freezing1 the trees were pulled out by the aid of oxen and levers1 with the mass of earth firmly attached to the roots4 ,they were then transported erect on a strong sled1 built for the purpose1 and set out4 ,these trees grew in open land1 a mile and a half from the city4 ,they put on their foliage last spring1 as if wholly unconscious that they were not still in their native soil1 and the enterprising gentlemen who undertook this unusual course1 are rewarded with shade trees which by the old practice it would have required twenty years to produce4 ,summer pruning is sometimes necessary in order to give form and proper direction to nursery trees1 and standard trees may need thinning1 in order to expose the fruit to light and air2 but in pruning trees thoroughly1 particularly if large limbs are to be cut off1 it is best to defer the business till the last of ,july1 ,august1 or the former part of ,september4 ,late in summer and early in autumn1 the bark does not peel as it does early in the summer1 when it often starts from the tree which is injured by going into trees and stepping on limbs with hard shoes4 ,the sap will ooze out of some trees early in summer1 which not only injures them generally1 but it often causes the wounded part to decay4 ,but in late pruning1 the wood1 when the branch is cut off1 becomes sound and well seasoned2 and though it may not heal over so readily as when cut early in summer or spring1 it remains in a healthy state4 #aacg4 ,to preserve ,wood in ,damp ,situations4--,two coats of the following preparation are to be applied1 after which the wood is subject to no deterioration whatever from humidity4 ,twelve pounds of resin are to be beaten in a mortar1 to which three pounds of sulphur and twelve pints of whale oil are to be added4 ,this mixture is to be melted over the fire1 and stirred during the operation4 ,ochre1 reduced to an impalpable powder1 by triturating it with oil1 may then be combined in the proportion necessary to give either a lighter or a darker color to the material4 ,the first coat should be put on lightly1 having been previously heated2 the second may be applied in two or three days1 and a third after an equal interval1 if from the peculiar dampness of the situation it should be judged expedient4 ,remark4--,it is highly probable 7though the experiment has not been tried7 that this composition would be improved by adding a small portion of the liquid leather1 which is now commonly sold in ,london1 being the refuse of the purification of fish oil by tar4 ,where the work will bear the expense1 and is not exposed to a heat of more than #acj degrees of ,fahrenheit1 the best composition is the following3 ,equal parts of turpentine 7the fluid resin1 not the essential oil71 bees'-wax1 black resin and maltha1 or coal tar1 boiled together till they cease to rise--that is1 till the white cream or scum proceeding from the separation of the essential oil disappears4 ,apply it warm with a turpentine brush--two or three coats1 to cover the cracks or pores left by the brush4 ,this lute was first proposed by ,chaptal1 without the addition of the coal tar1 which is a great improvement4 ,a piece of wood covered with three coats of it1 and immersed for two years in water1 was found to be quite dry on cutting off the lute4 ,take care not to allow water to fall into the pan1 as it would make the hot materials explode4 ,if the composition catch fire1 put on the cover directly1 and remove the pan for an instant from the fire4 #aach4 ,cause and ,prevention of the ,dry ,rot4--,the cause of the dry rot in wood is moisture2 and to prevent well-dried timber from decaying above or under ground1 is done by charring it well4 #aaci4 ,cure for the ,dry ,rot in ,timber1 so as to make it indestructible by ,water4--,melt twelve ounces of resin in an iron pot2 add three gallons of train oil1 and three or four rolls of brimstone2 and when the brimstone and resin are melted and become thin1 add as much ,spanish brown1 or red and yellow ochre1 or any other color required1 first ground fine with the same oil1 as will give the whole a shade of the depth preferred2 then lay it on with a brush as hot and thin as possible2 some time after the first coat is dried1 give it a second4 ,this preparation will preserve planks for ages1 and keep the weather from driving through brick work4 #aadj4 ,method of trying the ,goodness of ,timber for ,ship-building1 used in the ,arsenal at ,vienna4--,one person applies his ear to the centre of one end of the trunk1 while another1 with a key1 hits the other end with a gentle stroke4 ,if the tree be sound and good1 the stroke will be distinctly heard at the other end1 though the tree should be a hundred feet or more in length4 #aada4 ,to season and render ,green ,timber immediately fit for use4--,after the timber has been cut down from the stock1 take off1 immediately1 both the outer bark and also the inner rind1 clean to the wood2 cut it up to the different purposes for which it may be wanted1 whether scantlings for roofings1 joists1 planks1 deals1 or the like4 ,after preparing them for their proper use1 steep them in lime-water a few days1 or pay them over with a little of the lime1 along with the water4 ,the hotter it is used after the lime is slaked1 so much the better4 ,lime-water is made by slaking the lime-shells in water4 ,this will answer equally well for round trees4 ,the author of this method says1 he has been1 for a great number of years past1 used to take down and repair both ancient and modern buildings1 in which a good deal of ,scots fir had been used1 but he never found one inch either rotten or worm-eaten1 where it was in the least connected with lime1 and kept dry2 on the contrary1 he found it more hard and firm than when first used4 ,,building4 #aadb4 ,artificial ,stone ,floors and ,coverings for ,houses1 as made in some parts of ,russia4--,the floors and coverings of houses1 in some parts of ,south ,russia1 are made in the following manner3--,for a floor1 let the ground be made even1 and some stones of any shape be put on1 and1 with a heavy wooden rammer1 force or beat the stones into the ground1 continuing to beat the floor till it become quite even1 and incapable of receiving any farther impression4 ,then run lime1 immediately after it has been slaked1 through a fine sieve1 as expeditiously as possible1 because exposure to the air weakens the lime4 ,mix two parts of coarse sand1 or washed gravel1 7for there must be no earth in it17 with one part of lime-powder1 and wet them with bullocks' blood2 so little moist1 however1 as merely to prevent the lime from blowing away in powder2 in short1 the less moist1 the better4 ,spread it on the floor1 and1 without a moment's loss of time1 let several men be ready1 with large beetles1 to beat the mixture1 which will become more and more moist by the excessive beating requisite4 ,then put on it some of the dry sand and lime1 mixed1 and beat it till like a stone4 ,if required to be very fine1 take for the next layer finely-sifted lime1 with about a tenth part of rye-flour1 and a little ox-blood2 beat it till it becomes a very stiff mortar1 and then smooth it with a trowel4 ,the next day1 again smooth it with a trowel2 and so continue to do1 daily1 till it be entirely dry4 ,when it is quite dry and hard1 rub it over with fresh ox-blood1 taking off all which it will not imbibe4 ,no wet will penetrate this composition1 which1 however1 after some time1 is often painted with oil-colors4 ,the whole floor appears as a single stone1 and nothing will affect it4 ,the drier it is used1 the better1 provided that1 with much beating1 it becomes like a very stiff mortar1 and evidently forms a compact body4 ,on flat tops of houses1 the beetle1 or rammers' ends1 must be smaller1 to prevent the rebounding of the boards and timber1 which would crack the cement2 but1 when the thickness of a foot is laid on1 it will beat more firmly4 ,a thin coating of ox-blood1 flour1 and lime1 being beat in large1 strong1 wooden troughs1 or mortar1 till it can be spread with a trowel1 may be used without beating it again on the floor or house-top2 but it must be very stiff1 and used most expeditiously4 ,even frost will not affect it4 ,with this composition1 artificial stone may be made1 rammed very hard into strong wooden frames of the required shape2 particularly to turn arches for buildings of rammed earth4 ,it is well known1 that earth which is not too argillaceous1 with only the moisture it has when fresh dug1 on being rammed between frames of wood1 till the rammer will no longer impress it1 makes external walls2 but a mass as hard as stone may be made with a little lime added to sand1 horse-dung1 and ox-blood4 ,the more the lime is beaten1 the moister it becomes2 and it must contain so much moisture as to become1 by beating1 a solid mass1 adhering in all its parts1 and not remain crumbling1 that will properly set as mortar4 ,if there be too little moisture at first1 it will remain a powder2 if there be too much1 it will become a soft mortar4 ,lime is of no use1 mixed with clay or vegetable earths2 which1 if well beaten1 are stronger without it4 #aadc4 ,to cure ,damp ,walls4--,boil two quarts of tar1 with two ounces of kitchen-grease1 for a quarter of an hour1 in an iron pot4 ,add some of this tar to a mixture of slaked lime and powdered glass1 which have passed through a flour-sieve1 and been completely dried over the fire in an iron pot1 in the proportion of two parts of lime and one of glass1 till the mixture becomes of the consistence of thin plaster4 ,the cement must be used immediately after being mixed1 and therefore it is proper not to mix more of it than will coat one square foot of wall1 since it quickly becomes too hard for use2 and care must be taken to prevent any moisture from mixing with the cement4 ,for a wall merely damp1 a coating one-eighth of an inch thick is sufficient2 but if the wall is wet1 there must be a second coat4 ,plaster made of lime1 hair1 and plaster of ,paris1 may afterwards be laid on as a cement4 ,the cement above described will unite the parts of ,portland stone or marble1 so as to make them as durable as they were prior to the fracture4 #aadd4 ,to increase the ,durability of ,tiles for covering ,buildings4--,the following composition has been found to be of extraordinary durability1 as a glazing or varnish for tiles4 ,no sort of weather1 even for a considerable length of time1 has had any effect upon it4 ,it prevents that absorption of water1 by which common tiles are rendered liable to crumble into dust1 hinders the shivering of tiles1 and gives to red bricks a soft lustre1 by which their appearance is much improved4 ,over a weak fire heat a bottle of linseed oil1 with an ounce of litharge1 and a small portion of minium1 till such time as a feather1 used in stirring it1 shall be burnt to the degree of being easily rubbed to powder between the fingers4 ,then take off the varnish1 let it cool1 clarify it from any impurities which may have fallen to the bottom1 and heat it again4 ,having1 in the mean time1 melted from three to four ounces of pitch1 mix this with the warm varnish4 ,the specific gravity of the pitch hinders it from mingling thoroughly with the varnish1 though it even remain so long upon the fire as to be evaporated to considerable thickness4 ,it is not till the varnish be cooled1 nearly to the consistency of common syrup1 that this effect takes place in the requisite degree4 ,if it be too thick1 let hot varnish be added1 to bring it to the proper consistency2 if it be too thin1 add melted pitch4 ,next1 put in as much brick-dust as the mixture can receive1 without being made too thick for convenient use4 ,the finer the brick-dust1 and the easier it is to be moved with the point of a pencil1 so much the fitter will it be to fill up the chinks and unevenness of the bricks1 and1 as it were1 to incorporate itself with their substance4 ,prepare the brick-dust in the following manner3--,take a certain number of pieces of good brick1 beat them into dust1 and sift the dust in a hair-sieve4 ,then1 to improve its fineness1 rub it on a stone with water1 dry it1 and mix it with the varnish in the necessary proportion4 ,if the brick-dust be naturally of too dark a color1 a portion of some that is brighter may be added1 to make the color clear4 ,it is to be laid on the tiles in the same manner in which oil-colors in general are put upon the substances on which they are applied4 ,the composition must be heated from time to time1 when it is to be used4 #aade4 ,economical ,method of employing ,tiles for the ,roofs of ,houses4--,a ,french architect 7,m4 ,castala7 has invented a new method of employing tiles for the roofs of houses1 so as to save one half of the quantity usually employed for that purpose4 ,the tiles are made of a square instead of an oblong form2 and the hook that fastens them is at one of the angles1 so that1 when fastened to the laths1 they hang down diagonally1 and every tile is covered one-fifth part on two sides by the superior row4 #aadf4 ,to improve ,chimney ,fire-places1 and increase the ,heat1 by a proper attention to the ,setting of ,stoves1 ,grates1 c4--,the best materials for setting stoves or grates are fire-stone and common bricks and mortar4 ,both materials are fortunately very cheap4 ,when bricks are used1 they should be covered with a thin coating of plaster1 which1 when it is dry1 should be white-washed4 ,the fire-stone should likewise be white-washed when that is used2 and every part of the fire-place1 which is not exposed to being soiled and made black by the smoke1 should be kept as white and clear as possible4 ,as white reflects more heat1 as well as more light1 than any other color1 it ought always to be preferred for the inside of a chimney fire-place2 and black1 which reflects neither light nor heat1 should be more avoided4 #aadg4 ,to cure ,smoky ,chimneys4--,put on the top of the chimney a box1 in each of whose sides is a door hanging on hinges1 and kept open by a thin iron rod running from one to the other1 and fastened by a ring in each end to a staple4 ,when there is no wind1 these doors are at rest1 and each forms an angle of #de degrees1 which is decreased on the windward side in proportion to the force of the wind1 and increased in the same ratio on the leeward side4 ,if the wind be very strong1 the door opposed to the wind becomes close1 while the opposite one is opened as wide as it can be4 ,if the wind strikes the corner of the box1 it shuts two doors and opens their opposites4 ,this scheme has been tried with success in a chimney which always filled the room with smoke1 but which1 since adopted1 has never smoked the room at all4 ,the expense is trifling1 and the apparatus simple4 #aadh4 ,a ,preparation to preserve ,wood from catching ,fire1 and to preserve it from ,decay4--,a member of the ,royal ,academy at ,stockholm says1 in the memoirs of that academy1 ,having been within these few years to visit the alum mines of ,loswers1 in the province of ,calmar1 ,i took notice of some attempts made to burn the old staves of tubs and pails that had been used for the alum works4 ,for this purpose they were thrown into the furnace1 but those pieces of wood which had been penetrated by the alum did not burn1 though they remained for a long time in the fire1 where they only became red2 however1 at last they were consumed by the intenseness of the heat1 but they emitted no flame4 ,he concludes1 from this experiment1 that wood1 or timber1 for the purpose of building1 may be secured against the action of fire1 by letting it remain for some time in water1 wherein vitriol1 alum1 or any other salt has been dissolved1 which contains no inflammable parts4 ,to this experiment it may be added1 that wood1 which has been impregnated with water1 wherein vitriol has been dissolved1 is very fit for resisting putrefaction1 especially if afterwards it is brushed over with tar1 or some kind of paint2 in order to this1 the wood must be rubbed with very warm vitriol water1 and afterwards left to dry1 before it is painted or tarred4 ,wood prepared in this manner will for a long time resist the injuries of the air1 and be preserved in cellars and other low moist places4 ,it is to be observed1 that if a solution of vitriol is poured on such parts of timber where a sort of champignons are formed by moisture1 and rubbed off1 none will ever grow there again4 ,by boiling1 for some hours1 the spokes of wheels in vitriol water1 they are not subject to rottenness in the parts where they enter the stocks4 ,after boiling them in this manner1 they are dried as perfectly as possible1 and then1 in the accustomed way1 painted with oil color4 #aadi4 ,cheap and excellent ,composition for preserving ,weather ,boarding1 ,paling1 and all other ,works liable to be injured by the ,weather4--,well burnt lime will soon become slaked by exposure in the open air1 or even if confined in a situation not remarkably dry1 so as to crumble of itself into powder4 ,this is called air-slaked lime1 in contradistinction to that which is slaked in the usual way1 by being mixed with water4 ,for the purpose of making the present composition to preserve all sorts of wood-work exposed to the vicissitudes of the weather1 take three parts of this air-slaked lime1 two of wood-ashes1 and one of fine sand2 pass them through a fine sieve1 and add as much linseed-oil to the composition as will bring it to a proper consistence for working with a painter's brush4 ,as particular care must be taken to mix it perfectly1 it should be ground on a stone slab with a proper muller1 in the same manner as painters grind their white-lead1 c42 but where these conveniences are not at hand1 the ingredients may be mixed in a large pan1 and well beat up with a wooden spatula4 ,two coats of this composition being necessary1 the first may be rather thin2 but the second should be as thick as it can conveniently be worked4 ,this most excellent composition for preserving wood1 when exposed to the injuries of the weather1 is highly preferable to the customary method of laying on tar and ochre4 #aaej4 ,to make durable ,barn-floors4--,a durable barn-floor may be made of well-burnt polished brick on edge1 placed in the herring-bone form1 on a pavement of stone three inches and a half in thickness2 or oaken plank two inches and a half in thickness2 or even of well-tempered indurated loam1 of a proper substance1 not less than eight inches1 and laid upon dry materials or bottom4 ,any of them will make a durable barn-floor1 provided it is kept free from wet1 wagon-wheels1 and horses' feet4 ,the best threshing-floor for small farms of #aej acres is made of sound plank4 ,in large farms 7say #cjj acres and upwards7 the threshing machine should supersede the flail4 #aaea4 ,the ,virtues of ,poplar ,wood for the ,flooring of ,granaries4--,the ,lombard poplar is recommended as a timber adapted for flooring granaries1 which is said to prevent the destruction of corn by weevils and insects4 ,poplar wood will not easily take fire4 #aaeb4 ,improved ,ventilators for ,rooms4--,different methods are adopted for ventilating1 or changing the air of rooms4--,thus3 ,mr4 ,tid admitted fresh air into a room by taking out the middle upper sash pane of glass1 and fixing in its place a frame box1 with a round hole in its middle1 about six or seven inches diameter1 in which hole is fixed1 behind each other1 a set of sails1 of very thin1 broad copper plates1 which spread over and cover the circular hole1 so as to make the air1 which enters the room1 and turning round these sails1 to spread round in thin sheets sideway1 and so not to incommode persons by blowing directly upon them1 as it would do if it were not hindered by the sails4 ,this well-known contrivance has generally been employed in public buildings1 but is very disagreeable in good rooms2 instead1 of it1 therefore1 the late ,mr4 ,whitehurst substituted another1 which was1 to open a small square or rectangular hole1 in the party wall of the room1 in the upper part1 near the ceiling1 at a corner or part distant from the fire2 before it he placed a thin piece of metal1 or pasteboard1 c41 attached to the wall in its lower part1 just before the hole1 but declining from it upwards1 so as to give the air that enters by the hole a direction upwards against the ceiling1 along which it sweeps1 and disperses itself through the room1 without blowing in a current against any person4 ,this method is very useful to cure smoky chimneys1 by thus admitting1 conveniently1 fresh air4 ,a picture1 placed before the hole1 prevents the sight of it from disfiguring the room4 #aaec4 ,approved ,method of removing ,bees4--,set the hive where there is only a glimmering light2 turn it up2 the queen first makes her appearance2 once in possession of her1 you are master of all the rest2 put her into an empty hive1 whither she will be followed by the other bees4 #aaed4 ,useful ,method of preserving ,bees4--,instead of destroying whole swarms in their hives1 to get the honey when the hives are full1 they clear them out into a fresh hive1 while they take the combs out of the old one2 and they prevent their perishing in winter by putting a great quantity of honey into a very wide earthen vessel1 covering its surface with paper1 exactly fitted on1 and pricked full of holes with a large pin2 this being pressed by the weight of the bees1 keeps a fresh supply continually arising4 ,their most fatal destruction by severe cold they prevent1 by taking as many large tubs as they have hives1 and knocking out the heads1 they set the other end in the ground1 laying a bed of dry earth or chopped hay in it1 of six inches deep2 over this they place the head knocked out1 and then make a small wooden trough for the passage of the bees2 this is transfixed through a hole cut through each side of the tub1 at such a height as to lay on the false bottom1 on which is placed the covered dish of honey for the food of the bees1 leaving a proper space over this1 covered with strong matting2 they then fill up the tub with more dry earth1 or chopped hay1 heaping it up in the form of a cone1 to keep out the rain1 and wreathing it over with straw on account of the warmth4 #aaee4 ,sir ,ashton ,lever's method of preserving ,birds1 ,beasts1 ,fishes1 c4--,,beasts4 ,large beasts should be carefully skinned1 with the horns1 skull1 jaws1 tail1 and feet1 left entire2 the skins may then either be put into a vessel of spirit1 or else rubbed well in the inside with the mixture of salt1 alum1 and pepper1 hereafter mentioned1 and hung to dry4 ,small beasts may be put into a cask of rum1 or any other spirit4 ,,birds4 ,large birds may be treated as large beasts1 but must not be put in spirits4 ,small birds may be preserved in the following manner3--,take out the entrails1 open a passage to the brain1 which should be scooped out through the mouth2 introduce into the cavities of the skull1 and the whole body1 some of the mixture of salt1 alum1 and pepper1 putting some through the gullet and whole length of the neck2 then hang the bird in a cool1 airy place--first by the feet1 that the body may be impregnated by the salts1 and afterwards by a thread through the under mandible of the bill1 till it appears to be sweet2 then hang it in the sun1 or near a fire3 after it is well dried1 clean out what remains loose of the mixture1 and fill the cavity of the body with wool1 oakum1 or any soft substance1 and pack it smooth in paper4 ,,fishes1 ,c4 ,large fishes should be opened in the belly1 the entrails taken out1 and the inside well rubbed with pepper1 and stuffed with oakum4 ,small fishes put in spirit1 as well as reptiles and insects1 except butterflies and moths2 and any insects of fine colors1 should be pinned down in a box prepared for that purpose1 with their wings expanded4 #aaef4 ,birds that have been ,shot4--,when fresh-killed1 observe to put tow into the mouth1 and upon any wound they may have received1 to prevent the feathers being soiled2 and then wrap it smooth1 at full-length1 in paper1 and pack it close in a box4 ,if it be sent from a great distance1 the entrails should be extracted1 and the cavity filled with tow dipped in rum or other spirit4 ,the following mixture is proper for the preservation of animals3--,one pound of salt1 four ounces of alum1 and two ounces of pepper1 powdered together4 #aaeg4 ,to preserve ,game in ,hot ,weather4--,game or poultry may be preserved for a long time1 by tying a string tight round the neck1 so as to exclude the air1 and by putting a piece of charcoal into the vent4 #aaeh4 ,russian method of preserving ,fish4--,when the ,russians desire to keep fish perfectly fresh1 to be carried a long journey in a hot climate1 they dip them into hot bees'-wax1 which acts like an air-tight covering4 ,in this way they are taken to ,malta1 even sweet in summer4 ,,part ,,vii4 ,,many ,,things4 ,choice and ,cheap ,cookery--,new ,receipts--,southern ,dishes--,gumbo1 c4--,home-made ,wines1 c4--,dairy--,coloring--,diet--,health1 c4 #aaei4 ,to preserve ,ginger4--,take green ginger1 pare it with a sharp knife1 and then throw it into cold water as pared1 to keep it white2 then boil it till tender1 in three waters1 at each change putting the ginger into cold water4 ,for seven pounds of ginger1 clarify eight pounds of refined sugar2 when cold1 drain the ginger1 and put it into a pan1 with enough of the syrup to cover it1 and let it stand two days2 then pour the syrup to the remainder of the sugar1 and boil it some time2 when cold1 pour it on the ginger again1 and set it by for three days2 then boil the syrup again1 and pour it hot over the ginger4 ,proceed thus till you find the ginger rich and tender1 and the syrup is highly flavored4 ,if you put the syrup on hot at first1 or if too rich1 the ginger will shrink1 and not take the sugar4 #aafj4 ,orange ,syrup4--,is so easily made1 and can be used so constantly with advantage1 that no housekeeper should be without it4 ,select ripe and thin-skinned fruit2 squeeze the juice through a sieve2 to every pint1 add a pound a half of powdered sugar2 boil it slowly1 and skim as long as any scum rises2 you may then take it off1 let it grow cold1 and bottle it off4 ,be sure to secure the corks well4 ,two table-spoonfuls of this syrup1 mixed in melted butter1 make an admirable sauce for a plum or butter-pudding2 and it imparts a fine flavor to custards4 #aafa4 ,apple or ,quince ,jelly4--,pare1 quarter1 and core the apples2 put them in a sauce-pan1 with enough water to cover them only2 let them boil five minutes2 put them in a bag1 and let them drain until the next day4 ,to one pint of juice1 put one pound of sugar1 and boil it from fifteen to twenty minutes4 ,cranberry ,jelly may be made in the same way4 #aafb4 ,brandy ,cherries4--,take the nicest carnation cherries1 and trim them1 leaving a short stem to keep in the juice2 wash and wipe them tenderly1 and put them into wide-mouthed bottles4 ,make a good syrup1 and1 when it is nearly done1 add a pint and a half of ,french brandy to one pint of syrup2 mix it thoroughly1 and1 when cold1 pour it over the cherries4 ,if carefully sealed1 the fruit will be good for years4 #aafc4 ,brandy ,peaches4--,drop the peaches in weak1 boiling lye2 let them remain till the skin can be wiped off2 make a thin syrup1 and let it cover the fruit2 boil the fruit till they can be pierced with a straw2 take it out2 make a very rich syrup1 and add1 after it is taken from the fire1 and while it is still hot1 an equal quantity of brandy4 ,pour this1 while it is still warm1 over the peaches in the jar4 ,they must be covered with it4 #aafd4 ,brandied ,peaches--an excellent way4--,after having removed the skin in the usual manner1 by using lye1 and throwing them in cold water1 weigh the peaches1 and put them in a stone jar--allowing room at the top for three-quarters of a pound of sugar for each pound of peaches2 then pour over enough white brandy to cover the fruit4 ,set the jar in a pot of cold water1 and let it remain over the fire till the brandy comes to a scald4 ,when they are cold1 they may either be put in glass jars1 and tied down with bladder1 or left in the same jar4 #aafe4 ,tomato ,catchup4--,to one gallon of skinned tomatoes1 add four table-spoonfuls of salt2 four table-spoonfuls of black pepper1 ground fine2 half a table-spoonful of allspice1 ground fine2 three table-spoonfuls of mustard2 eight pods of red pepper4 ,simmer it slowly in sharp vinegar1 in a pewter vessel1 three or four hours2 then strain it through a wire-sieve1 and bottle it up4 ,when cold1 seal up the corks1 and it will last for years4 #aaff4 ,green ,tomato ,pickle4--,cut in thin slices one peck of green tomatoes2 sprinkle them with salt1 and let them stand a day or two4 ,slice ten or twelve small onions4 ,mix together one bottle or small tin box of mustard2 half an ounce of mustard-seed2 one ounce of cloves2 one ounce of pimento2 two ounces of turmeric4 ,put in the kettle a layer of tomatoes1 then one of onions and spice1 till all are in4 ,cover it with good vinegar1 and let it simmer till the tomatoes are quite clear4 #aafg4 ,french ,mustard4--,put on a plate1 one ounce of the best powdered mustard2 a salt-spoonful of salt2 a few leaves of tarragon2 and a clove of garlic1 minced fine4 ,pour on it1 by degrees1 sufficient vinegar to dilute it to the proper consistency2 about a wine-glassful2 mix it with a wooden spoon4 ,do not use it in less than twenty-four hours4 #aafh4 ,india ,pickle4 7,e4 ,r47--,put two hundred gherkins1 three pints of small onions1 one quart of nasturtiums1 one quart of radish-pods1 #a quartern of string-beans1 six cauliflowers1 and two hard1 white cabbages1 sliced1 into a pan1 and sprinkle them with salt--the onions having been previously peeled1 and laid in salt and water for a week1 to take off their strength4 ,then1 after a day or two1 take them out of the pan1 and dry them thoroughly in a warm place1 in the shade3 they must be spread out separately4 ,to two gallons of vinegar1 put one ounce and a half of allspice1 the same of long pepper and of white1 and two ounces of ginger1 tied up in muslin bags4 ,when cold1 mix with the vinegar one pound and a half of flour of mustard1 and two table-spoonfuls of ,cayenne pepper4 ,boil it well together1 and pour it on the pickle4 ,the vegetables mentioned1 not being all procurable at the same time1 may be added separately1 at different periods1 but they must all undergo the salting and drying process4 ,in choosing those vegetables1 some discrimination may also be used4 ,when in season1 few things add a higher flavor to the pickle than the buds and flowers of the elder4 #aafi4 ,horse-radish4--,let the horse-radish lie one or two hours in cold water2 then scrape off the skin1 grate it1 and moisten it with vinegar4 ,serve it with roast meat4 #aagj4 ,oyster ,gumbo4--,mix well one table-spoonful of flour and one of lard1 and brown the mixture in a frying-pan2 take the liquor of two quarts of oysters1 set it on the fire1 and when it boils1 add the browned flour with some chopped leeks and parsley2 then put in the oysters1 and let the whole simmer for fifteen minutes2 next sift into it a table-spoonful and a half of powdered sassafras1 to give it the fillet2 leave it two or three minutes longer on the fire1 and serve it very hot4 ,no spices1 but black pepper4 ,this dish will require more or less time to prepare1 according to the ingredients of which it is to be composed4 ,for chicken or turkey gumbo1 the fowl must first be fricasseed4 ,any good cook will understand how to make a piquante and palatable stock1 of whatever she may select for her gumbo4 #aaga4 ,mayonnaise4--,roast a pair of chickens or a turkey1 in the morning1 and put them away to settle the juices4 ,immediately before serving the dish1 carve the fowls1 and put them compactly into a dish2 take the yolks of six eggs1 and pour1 in a very fine and continued stream upon them1 half a bottle of olive oil1 and stir the eggs one way1 till they are creamed2 then put half a tea-spoonful of vinegar into this dressing1 and having put pepper1 salt1 and a little vinegar on the fowl1 pour the dressing over it1 and arrange all over it bunches of cool1 fresh lettuce4 ,garnish with hard eggs4 #aagb4 ,jambalaya--,cut up1 and stew till half done1 a fowl1 brown or white2 then add rice1 and a piece of ham well minced2 this must be left on the fire till the rice has taken up the liquid2 the roundness of the grain must be preserved1 yet the dish must not be hard and dry4 ,it is served in a heap1 on a flat dish4 ,pepper and salt the only seasoning4 ,southern children are very fond of this essentially home-dish4 ,it is said to be of ,indian origin4 ,wholesome as it is palatable1 it makes part of almost every ,creole dinner4 #aagc4 ,imitation of ,mock ,turtle4--,put into a pan a knuckle of veal1 two fine cow-heels or two calf's feet1 two onions1 a few cloves1 peppers1 berries of allspice1 mace1 and sweet herbs2 cover them with water1 then tie a thick paper over the pan1 and set it in an oven for three hours4 ,when cold1 take off the fat very nicely2 cut the meat and feet into bits an inch and a half square2 remove the bones and coarse parts1 and then put the rest on to warm1 with a large spoonful of walnut and one of mushroom catchup1 half a pint of sherry or ,madeira wine1 a little mushroom-powder1 and the jelly of the meat4 ,when hot1 if it wants any more seasoning1 add some2 and serve with hard eggs1 forcemeat balls1 a squeeze of lemon1 and a spoonful of soy4 ,this is a very easy way1 and the dish is excellent4 #aagd4 ,oyster ,sausages4--,beard1 rinse well in their strained liquor1 and mince1 but not finely1 three dozen and a half of plump oysters1 and mix them with ten ounces of fine bread-crumbs1 and ten of beef-suet chopped extremely small2 add a salt-spoonful of salt1 and one of pepper1 or less than half the quantity of cayenne1 twice as much pounded mace1 and the third of a small nutmeg grated2 moisten the whole with two unbeaten eggs1 or with the yolks only of three1 and a dessert-spoonful of the whites4 ,when these ingredients have been well worked together1 and are perfectly blended1 set the mixture in a cool place for two or three hours before it is used2 make it into the form of small sausages or sausage-cakes1 flour and fry them in butter1 of a fine light brown2 or throw them into boiling water for three minutes1 drain1 and let them become cold2 dip them into egg and bread-crumbs1 and broil them gently until they are lightly colored4 ,a small bit should be cooked and tasted before the whole is put aside1 that the seasoning may be heightened if required4 ,the sausages thus made are very good4 ,small plump oysters1 three dozen and a half2 bread-crumbs1 ten ounces2 beef-suet1 ten ounces2 seasoning of salt1 cayenne1 pounded mace1 and nutmeg2 unbeaten eggs1 two1 or yolks of three4 ,obs4--,the fingers should be well floured for making up these sausages4 #aage4 ,new ,england ,chowder4--,have a good haddock1 cod1 or any other solid fish1 cut it in pieces three inches square1 put a pound of fat salt pork in strips into the pot1 set it on hot coals1 and fry out the oil4 ,take out the pork1 and put in a layer of fish1 over that a layer of onions in slices1 then a layer of fish with slips of fat salt pork1 then another layer of onions1 and so on alternately1 until your fish is consumed4 ,mix some flour with as much water as will fill the pot2 season with black pepper and salt to your taste1 and boil it for half an hour4 ,have ready some crackers soaked in water till they are a little softened2 throw them into your chowder five minutes before you take it up4 ,serve in a tureen4 #aagf4 ,curing ,hams--the ,newbold ,receipt4--,take seven pounds coarse salt1 five pounds brown sugar1 two ounces pearl-ash1 #d gallons of water4 ,boil all together1 and scum the pickle well when cold4 ,put it on the meat4 ,hams remain in it eight weeks--beef three weeks4 ,the above is for one hundred and ninety pounds weight4 #aagg4 ,a ,pickle that will keep for years1 for hams1 tongues1 or beef1 if boiled and skimmed between each parcel of them4--,to two gallons of spring water put two pounds of coarse sugar1 two pounds of bay and two and a half pounds of common salt1 and half a pound of saltpetre1 in a deep earthen glazed pan that will hold four gallons1 and with a cover that will fit close4 ,keep the beef or hams as long as they will bear before you put them into the pickle2 and sprinkle them with coarse sugar in a pan1 from which they must drain4 ,rub the hams1 c41 well with the pickle1 and pack them in close1 putting as much as the pan will hold1 so that the pickle may cover them4 ,the pickle is not to be boiled at first4 ,a small ham may lie fourteen days1 a large one three weeks2 a tongue twelve days1 and beef in proportion to its size4 ,they will eat well out of the pickle without drying4 ,when they are to be dried1 let each piece be drained over the pan2 and when it will drop no longer1 take a clean sponge and dry it thoroughly4 ,six or eight hours will smoke them1 and there should be only a little sawdust and wet straw burnt to do this2 but if put into a baker's chimney1 sew them in a coarse cloth1 and hang them a week4 ,add two pounds of common salt and two pints of water every time you boil the liquor4 #aagh4 ,to smoke ,hams and ,fish on a small scale4--,drive the ends out of an old hogshead or barrel2 place this over a heap of sawdust of green hard wood1 in which a bar of red-hot iron is buried2 or take corn-cobs1 which make the best smoke2 place them in a clean iron kettle1 the bottom of which is covered with burning coals2 hang the hams1 tongues1 fish1 c41 on sticks across the cask1 and cover it1 but not closely1 that the cobs or sawdust may smoulder slowly1 but not burn4 #aagi4 ,onion ,sauce4--,peel the onions1 and boil them tender2 squeeze the water from them2 chop them2 and pour on them butter that has been carefully incited1 together with a little good milk1 instead of water4 ,boil it up once4 ,a turnip boiled with the onions1 makes them milder4 #aahj4 ,sauce ,robert4--,cut into small dice1 four or five large onions1 and brown them in a stew-pan1 with three ounces of butter1 and a dessert-spoonful of flour4 ,when of a deep yellow-brown1 pour to them half a pint of beef or of veal-gravy1 and let them simmer for fifteen minutes2 skim the sauce2 add a seasoning of salt and pepper1 and1 at the moment of serving1 mix in a dessert-spoonful of made-mustard4 ,large onions1 four or five2 butter1 three ounces2 flour1 a dessert-spoonful3 ten to fifteen minutes4 ,gravy1 half a pint3 fifteen minutes4 ,mustard1 a dessert-spoonful4 #aaha4 ,tomato ,sauce4--,crush half a dozen1 more or less1 of very ripe1 red tomatoes2 pick out the seeds1 and squeeze the water from them2 put them into a stew-pan1 with two or three finely-sliced shalots1 and a little gravy3 simmer till nearly dry2 when add half a pint of brown sauce1 and simmer twenty minutes longer2 then rub it through a tammy into a clean stew-pan2 season with ,cayenne pepper and salt1 a little glaze1 and lemon-juice2 simmer a few minutes1 and serve4 ,tarragon or ,chili vinegar are sometimes added2 and sliced onions may be substituted for the shalots4 #aahb4 ,brown ,caper ,sauce4--,thicken half a pint of good veal or beef-gravy1 as directed for ,sauce-,tourne2 and add to it two table-spoonfuls of capers1 and a dessert-spoonful of the pickle-liquor1 or of ,chili vinegar1 with some ,cayenne1 if the former be used1 and a proper seasoning of salt4 ,thickened veal1 or beef-gravy1 half a pint2 capers1 two table-spoonfuls2 caper liquor1 or ,chili vinegar1 one dessert-spoonful4 #aahc4 ,horse-radish ,sauce4--,scrape1 finely1 a stick of horse-radish into about half a pint of brown sauce and a gravy-spoonful of vinegar2 simmer1 and season with salt and sugar4 ,this sauce is eaten with hot roast beef4 #aahd4 ,sauce for cold ,roast ,beef4--,mix scraped horse-radish1 made-mustard1 and vinegar1 and sweeten with white sugar4 #aahe4 ,mint ,sauce4--,mix vinegar and brown sugar1 and let it stand at least an hour2 then add chopped mint1 and stir together4 ,it should be very sweet4 #aahf4 ,mild ,mustard4--,mustard1 for instant use1 should be mixed with milk1 to which a spoonful or two of very thin cream may be added4 #aahg4 ,mustard1 the common way4--,the great art of mixing mustard1 is to have it perfectly smooth1 and of a proper consistency4 ,the liquid with which it is moistened1 should be added to it in small quantities1 and the mustard should be well rubbed1 and beaten with a spoon4 ,mix half a tea-spoonful of salt with two ounces of the flour of mustard1 and stir to them1 by degrees1 sufficient boiling water to reduce it to the appearance of a thick batter4 ,do not put it into the mustard-glass until cold4 ,some persons like half a tea-spoonful of sugar1 in the finest powder1 mixed with it4 ,it ought to be sufficiently diluted always to drop easily from the spoon4 #aahh4 ,parsley and ,butter4--,scald a large handful of parsley in boiling water that has some salt in it2 when tender1 chop it fine1 and stir it into some rather thick melted butter4 ,there should be sufficient parsley to make the sauce green2 and the parsley should not be put to the melted butter until about to be served1 otherwise it will turn brown4 #aahi4 ,to make ,sage and ,onion ,stuffing1 for ,roast ,pork1 ,geese1 ,ducks1 c4--,to make this stuffing1 take two middling-sized onions1 peel them1 and boil them for about ten minutes in plenty of water2 next take as much dry sage-leaves1 as1 when rubbed into powder and sifted through the top of your flour-dredger1 will fill a table-spoon4 ,when the onion has boiled about ten minutes1 squeeze it dry1 chop it fine1 and mix it with the crumbled sage2 then add to them a tea-cupful of stale1 white bread-crumbs1 with a tea-spoonful of black pepper1 a very little pinch of ,cayenne1 and a salt-spoonful of salt4 ,mix all well together1 and it is ready4 #aaij4 ,sippets of ,bread1 for ,garnishing4--,cut the crumb of a stale loaf in slices a quarter of an inch thick3 form them into diamonds or half-diamonds1 or in any other way3 fry them in fresh butter4 ,dry them well1 and place them around the dish to be garnished4 #aaia4 ,seasoning for ,stuffing4--,one pound of salt1 dried and sifted2 half an ounce of ground white pepper2 two ounces of dried thyme2 one ounce of dried marjoram2 and one ounce of nutmeg4 ,when this seasoning is used1 parsley only is required to be chopped in sufficient quantity to make the stuffing green4 ,the proportions are--half a pound of bread-crumbs2 three eggs2 a quarter of a pound of suet2 half an ounce of seasoning2 and the peel of half a lemon1 grated4 #aaib4 ,white ,bread-,crumbs4--,put the crumb of very white bread into a slow oven or screen1 and let it dry without color2 beat and sift it2 keep it in a close-covered pan in a dry1 warm place3 everything looks well1 done with it4 ,the crust may be dried1 beaten1 and sifted1 for frying and garnishing4 ,when crumbs are not prepared till wanted1 the bread is never in a proper condition2 so that the crumbs are not only coarse and vulgar1 but a sponge for fat1 which shows bad taste1 as well as being wasteful4 #aaic4 ,panada4--,is indispensable in making good farce of any kind2 it is even better for it than ,naples' biscuit1 and is made as follows3--,steep a sufficient quantity of good stale bread-crumb in cream or stock2 set it over the fire in a sauce-pan1 and work it with a wooden spoon till it is as smooth and dry as a stiff paste3 let it cool1 and beat it with a yolk or two1 according to the quantity1 in a mortar3 it is then ready to be put into all kinds of farces4 ,,cakes1 ,,bread1 ,,pies1 ,,and ,,puddings4 #aaid4 ,wine ,crust for ,cakes or ,pastry--a foreign ,receipt4--,pour gradually to the well-beaten yolks of three fresh eggs1 cleared from the specks1 a quarter of a pint of light white wine 7,marsala will serve for the purpose well enough71 stirring them briskly as it is added2 throw in half a salt-spoonful of salt1 and an ounce and a half of pounded sugar2 and when this last is dissolved1 or nearly so1 add the mixture to as much flour as will be required to form a smooth1 firm paste3 about three-quarters of a pound will be sufficient1 unless the eggs should be of an unusual size4 ,roll it out1 cut it asunder1 and spread one half with eight ounces of butter1 cut small2 lay the other half of the paste upon it1 and roll them together as lightly as possible2 turn the paste on the board1 and fold the two ends over each other1 so as to make the whole of equal thickness2 roll it quite thin1 and repeat the folding once or twice1 touching the paste in doing it as little as can be1 and rolling it very lightly4 ,it may be used for any kind of sweet pastry2 or it may be served in the form of cakes1 either iced or plain2 these again may be adapted to the second course1 by spreading the under-sides of one half with rich preserve1 and pressing the others on them4 #aaie4 ,pic-nic ,biscuits4--,work1 very small1 two ounces of fresh butter into a pound of flour2 reduce to the finest powder1 and mix1 intimately1 half a salt-spoonful of very pure carbonate of soda 7,howard's is the best71 with two ounces of sugar2 mingle these thoroughly with the flour1 and make up the paste with a few spoonfuls of milk2 it will require scarcely a quarter of a pint4 ,knead it very smooth1 roll it a quarter of an inch thick1 cut it in rounds about the size of the top of a small wine-glass2 roll these out thin1 prick them well1 lay them on lightly-floured tins1 and bake them in a gentle oven until they are crisp quite through4 ,as soon as they are cold put them into dry canisters4 ,the sugar can be omitted at pleasure4 ,if thin cream be used instead of milk1 in making the paste1 it will much enrich the biscuits2 but this would often not be considered an improvement1 as plain simple biscuits are generally most in favor4 ,carraway seeds or ginger can be added1 to vary these at pleasure4 ,the proportion of soda used should be too small to be perceptible1 even to the taste3 it will be no disadvantage to use milk with it which is slightly acid4 #aaif4 ,a good ,soda ,cake4--,rub half a pound of good butter into a pound of fine dry flour1 and work it very small2 mix well with these half a pound of sifted sugar1 and pour to them first a quarter of a pint of boiling milk1 and next three well-whisked eggs2 add some grated nutmeg1 or fresh lemon-rind1 and eight ounces of currants2 beat the whole well and lightly together1 and the instant before the cake is moulded and set into the oven1 stir to it a tea-spoonful of carbonate of soda in the finest powder4 ,bake it from an hour to an hour and a quarter1 or divide it in two1 and allow from half to three-quarters of an hour for each cake4 ,flour1 one pound2 butter1 three ounces2 sugar1 eight ounces1 milk1 full quarter-pint2 eggs1 three2 currants1 half a pound2 carbonate of soda1 one tea-spoonful2 one hour to one and a half4 ,or1 divided1 a half to three-quarters of an hour--moderate oven4 ,obs4--,this1 if well made1 resembles a pound-cake1 but is much more wholesome4 ,it is very good with two ounces less of butter1 and with caraway-seeds or candied orange or citron substituted for the currants4 #aaig4 ,to make ,fine ,pancakes1 ,fried without ,butter or ,lard4--,take a pint of cream and six new-laid eggs2 beat them well together2 put in a quarter of a pound of sugar and one nutmeg or a little beaten mace--which you please1 and so much as will thicken--almost as much as ordinary pancake flour batter2 your pan must be heated reasonably hot1 and wiped with a clean cloth2 this done1 spread your batter thin over it1 and fry4 #aaih4 ,to make ,loaves of ,cheese-curd4--,take a porringer full of curds1 and four eggs1 whites and yolks1 and as much flour as will make it stiff2 then take a little ginger1 nutmeg1 and some salt2 make them into loaves1 and set them into an oven with a quick heat2 when they begin to change color1 take them out1 and put melted butter to them1 and some sack1 and good store of sugar2 and so serve4 #aaii4 ,cheap ,ginger ,biscuits4--,work into quite small crumbs three ounces of good butter1 with two pounds of flour2 then add three ounces of pounded sugar and two of ginger1 in fine powder1 and knead them into a stiff paste1 with new milk4 ,roll it thin1 cut out the biscuits with a cutter1 and bake them in a slow oven until they are crisp quite through1 but keep them of a pale color4 ,a couple of eggs are sometimes mixed with the milk for them1 but are no material improvement2 an additional ounce of sugar may be used when a sweeter biscuit is liked4 ,to make good ginger cakes1 increase the butter to six ounces1 and the sugar to eight1 for each pound of flour1 and wet the ingredients into a paste with eggs2 a little lemon-grate will give it an agreeable flavor4 ,biscuits--flour1 two pounds2 butter1 three ounces2 pounded sugar1 three ounces2 ginger1 two ounces4 ,cakes--flour1 one pound2 butter1 six ounces2 sugar1 eight ounces2 ginger1 one ounce2 three to four eggs2 rind of half a lemon4 #abjj4 ,ginger ,snaps4--,beat together half a pound of butter1 and half a pound of sugar2 mix with them half a pint of molasses1 half a tea-cupful of ginger1 and one pound and a half of flour4 #abja4 ,gingerbread4--,mix together three and a half pounds of flour2 three-quarters of a pound of butter2 one pound of sugar2 one pint of molasses2 a quarter of a pound of ginger1 and some ground orange-peel4 #abjb4 ,raspberry ,cakes4--,take any quantity of fruit you please1 weigh and boil it1 and when mashed1 and the liquor is washed1 add as much sugar as was equal in weight to the raw fruit4 ,mix it very well off the fire till the whole is dissolved1 then lay it on plates1 and dry it in the sun4 ,when the top part dries1 cut it off into small cakes1 and turn them on a fresh plate4 ,when dry1 put the whole in boxes1 with layers of paper4 #abjc4 ,rock ,cakes4--,mix together one pound of flour2 half a pound of sugar2 half a pound of butter2 half a pound of currants or cherries1 and four eggs1 leaving out the whites of two2 a little wine and candied lemon-peel are a great improvement4 #abjd4 ,cup ,cakes4--,mix together five cups of flour2 three cups of sugar2 one cup of butter2 one cup of milk2 three eggs1 well beaten2 one wine-glass of wine2 one of brandy1 and a little cinnamon4 #abje4 ,jumbles4--,take one pound of loaf-sugar1 pounded fine2 one pound and a quarter of flour2 three-quarters of a pound of butter2 four eggs1 beaten light1 and a little rose-water and spice2 mix them well1 and roll them in sugar4 #abjf4 ,sponge ,cake4--,take the weight of the eggs in sugar2 half their weight in flour1 well sifted2 to twelve eggs1 add the grated rind of three lemons1 and the juice of two4 ,beat the eggs carefully1 white and yolks separately1 before they are used4 ,stir the materials thoroughly together1 and bake in a quick oven4 #abjg4 ,apple ,fritters4--,pare and core some fine large pippins1 and cut them into round slices4 ,soak them in wine1 sugar1 and nutmeg1 for two or three hours4 ,make a batter of four eggs2 a table-spoonful of rose-water2 a table-spoonful of wine2 a table-spoonful of milk2 thicken with enough flour1 stirred in by degrees1 to make a batter2 mix it two or three hours before it is wanted1 that it may be light4 ,heat some butter in a frying pan2 dip each slice of apple separately in the batter1 and fry them brown2 sift pounded sugar1 and grate nutmeg over them4 #abjh4 ,a ,charlotte ,russe4--,it is very difficult to prepare this delicate dish1 and we advise all inexperienced house-keepers not to undertake it without the superintendence of a professed cook4 ,extract the flavor from a vanilla-bean1 by boiling it in half a pint of milk4 ,the milk must then be strained2 and1 when cold1 mix with it a quarter of a pound of loaf sugar4 ,beat the yolks of four eggs very light1 and stir them into the mixture4 ,heat it over the fire for five minutes1 until it becomes a custard1 but take great care that it does not boil4 ,boil an ounce of isinglass with a pint of water4 ,the isinglass must be thoroughly dissolved before it is fit for use1 and one-half of the water boiled away4 ,the custard being cold1 drain the isinglass into it1 and stir them hard together4 ,leave them to cool1 while you prepare the rest of the mixture4 ,whip a quart of cream to a froth1 7the cream should be rich17 and mix it with the custard2 in whipping the cream1 great care should be taken to make it quite light2 the safest way is1 to remove the froth as fast as it gathers1 with a strainer1 until the whole is whipped4 ,take two round slices of almond sponge-cake2 glaze them with the beaten white of egg mixed with sugar4 ,lay one on the bottom of a circular mould1 and reserve the other for the top4 ,cut some more sponge-cake into long pieces2 glaze them carefully with the egg1 and line the sides of the mould with them4 ,each piece should lap a little over the other1 or the form will not be perfect4 ,the custard will by this time be just beginning to congeal2 pour it gently into the mould1 and cover the top with the piece of cake which has already been prepared4 ,the cake around the sides must be trimmed evenly1 so that the upper piece will fit without leaving any vacancies4 ,pound some ice1 and throw it into a tub1 covering it well with coarse salt4 ,the mould should then be set into the midst of this ice1 and must remain there an hour4 ,prepare an icing with powdered sugar and the beaten white of egg1 flavoring it with lemon-juice1 or essence of lemon1 orange1 or rose-water1 according to the taste4 ,the ,charlotte ,russe is then turned out upon a handsome dish1 and iced over4 ,it should be moved about as little as possible2 and1 to ensure success in preparing it1 the utmost care must be taken to follow the above directions4 ,at large parties1 a ,charlotte ,russe is as indispensable on the supper-table as ice-cream4 #abji4 ,batter ,pudding4--,take six ounces of fine flour1 a little salt1 and three eggs2 beat it up well with a little milk1 added by degrees till the batter is quite smooth3 make it the thickness of cream3 put it into a buttered pie-dish1 and bake three-quarters of an hour2 or1 in a buttered and floured basin1 tied over tight with a cloth3 boil one hour and a half or two hours4 ,any kind of ripe fruit that you like may be added to the batter--only you must make the batter a little stiffer4 ,blueberries1 or finely-chopped apple1 are most usually liked4 #abaj4 ,french ,batter1 7for frying ,vegetables1 and for ,apple1 ,peach1 or ,orange ,fritters47--,cut two ounces of good butter into small bits2 pour on it less than a quarter of a pint of boiling water2 and1 when it is dissolved1 add three-quarters of a pint of cold water1 so that the whole shall not be quite milk-warm3 mix it then by degrees1 and very smoothly1 with twelve ounces of fine1 dry flour1 and a small pinch of salt1 if the batter be for fruit-fritters1 but with more1 if for meat or vegetables4 ,just before it is used1 stir into it the whites of two eggs beaten to a solid froth2 but1 previously to this1 add a little water1 should it appear too thick1 as some flour requires more liquid than others1 to bring it to a proper consistency4 ,butter1 two ounces2 water1 from three-quarters to nearly a pint2 little salt2 flour1 three-quarters of a pound2 whites of two eggs1 beaten to snow4 #abaa4 ,terrines of ,rice1 sweet and savory4--,wash four ounces of ,carolina rice in several waters1 and leave it to soak for ten minutes2 then put it into a common ,nottingham jar1 with a cover1 and in shape1 larger1 considerably1 in the middle than at the top--as those of narrower form and proportionably greater height will not answer so well4 ,this jar may contain one quart or two1 as the stove-oven in which it is to be placed1 may permit4 ,the smaller size has1 on compulsion1 been used for the present and following receipts--the iron-plate in the centre of the only oven which the writer had at command1 preventing a larger one from standing in it4 ,pour on the rice an exact pint of new milk2 add two ounces of pounded sugar1 the slightest pinch of salt1 and any flavor which may be liked4 ,stir the whole well for a minute or two2 put on the cover of the jar2 make a bit of paste with flour and water1 sufficient to form a wide1 thick band2 moisten the side which is laid on the jar1 and bind the edges of the cover and the jar together securely with it2 tie brown paper over1 and set it into the coolest part of the oven of the kitchen-range4 ,bake the rice gently for two hours and a quarter at the least1 and turn the jar half-round once or twice while it is in the oven4 ,stir it lightly up1 heap it on a hot dish1 and send it to table4 ,a compte of fresh fruit is an admirable accompaniment to it4 #abab4 ,nutmeg ,pudding4--,pound1 fine1 two large or three small nutmegs2 melt three pounds of butter1 and stir into it half a pound of loaf-sugar1 a little wine1 the yolks of five eggs1 well beaten1 and the nutmegs4 ,bake on a puff-paste4 #abac4 ,wine ,jelly4--,soak four ounces of gelatine in one quart of cold water1 for half an hour4 ,in the meantime1 mix with two quarts of cold water1 six table-spoonfuls of brandy2 one pint of white-wine2 six lemons1 cut up with the peel on2 the whites and shells of six eggs1 the whites slightly beaten1 the shells crushed2 three pounds of white sugar3 then mix the gelatine with the other ingredients1 and put them over the fire4 ,let it boil1 without stirring1 for twenty minutes4 ,strain it through a flannel-bag1 without squeezing4 ,wet the mould in cold water4 ,pour the jelly in1 and leave it in a cool place for three hours4 #abad4 ,economics4--,it is often a matter of great convenience as well as of economy1 to give a new and presentable form to the remains of dishes which have already appeared at table3 the following hints may1 therefore1 be not unacceptable to some of our readers4 ,no4 #a4--;,calf's-feet jelly and good blanc-mange are excellent when just melted and mixed together1 whether in equal or unequal proportions4 ,they should be heated only sufficient to liquify them1 or the acid of the jelly might curdle the blanc-mange4 ,pour this last1 when melted1 into a deep earthen bowl1 and add the jelly to it in small portions1 whisking them briskly together as it is thrown in4 ,a small quantity of prepared cochineal--which may be procured from a chemist's--will serve to improve or to vary the color1 when required4 ,many kinds of creams and custards also may be blended advantageously with the blanc-mange1 after a little additional isinglass has been dissolved in it1 to give sufficient firmness to the whole4 ,it must be observed1 that1 though just liquid1 either jelly or blanc-mange must be as nearly cold as it will become without thickening and beginning to set1 before it is used for this receipt4 ,a sort of marbled or ,mosaic mass is sometimes made by shaking together1 in a mould1 remnants of various-colored blanc-manges1 cut nearly of the same size1 and then filling it up with some clear jelly4 ,no4 #b4--,when a small part only of an open tart has been eaten1 divide the remainder equally into triangular slices1 place them at regular intervals round a dish1 and then fill the intermediate spaces1 and cover the tart entirely1 with slightly-sweetened and well-drained whipped cream4 #abae4 ,pumpkin ,pie4--,stew the pumpkin dry1 and make it like squash pie1 only season rather higher4 ,in the country1 where this real ,yankee pie is prepared in perfection1 ginger is almost always used with other spices4 ,there1 too1 part cream1 instead of milk1 is mixed with the pumpkin1 which gives it a richer flavor4 #abaf4 ,rhubarb ,stalks1 or ,persian ,apple--,is the earliest ingredient for pies1 which the spring offers4 ,the skin should be carefully stripped1 and the stalks cut into small bits1 and stewed very tender4 ,these are dear pies1 for they take an enormous quantity of sugar3 seasoned like apple pies4 ,gooseberries1 currants1 c41 are stewed1 sweetened1 and seasoned like apple pies1 in proportions suited to the sweetness of the fruit2 there is no way to judge but by your own taste4 ,always remember1 it is more easy to add seasoning1 than to diminish it4 #abag4 ,superlative ,mince-meat1 for ,pies4--,take four large lemons1 with their weight of golden pippins1 pared and cored1 of jar-raisins1 currants1 candied citron and orange-rind1 and the finest suet1 and a fourth-part more of pounded sugar4 ,boil the lemons tender1 chop them small2 but be careful first to extract all the pips2 add them to the other ingredients1 after all have been prepared with great nicety1 and mix the whole well with from three to four glasses of good brandy4 ,apportion salt and spice by the preceding receipt4 ,we think that the weight of one lemon1 in meat1 improves this mixture2 or1 in lieu of it1 a small quantity of crushed macaroons1 added just before it is baked4 #abah4 ,rolls4--,rub into a pound of sifted flour1 two ounces of butter2 beat the whites of three eggs to a froth1 and add a table-spoonful of good yeast1 a little salt1 and sufficient warm milk to make a stiff dough4 ,cover and put it where it will be kept warm1 and it will rise in an hour4 ,then make it into rolls1 or round cakes2 put them on a floured tin1 and bake in a quick oven or stove4 ,they will be done in ten or fifteen minutes4 #abai4 ,to make ,yeast in the ,turkish manner4--,take a small tea-cupful of split or bruised peas1 and pour on it a pint of boiling water1 and set it in a vessel all night on the hearth1 or any warm place4 ,the next morning the water will have a froth on it1 and be good yeast1 and will make as much bread as two quartern loaves4 #abbj4 ,dyspepsia ,bread4--,the following receipt for making bread1 has proved highly salutary to persons afflicted with dyspepsia1 viz3--,three quarts unbolted wheat meal2 one quart soft water1 warm1 but not hot2 one gill of fresh yeast2 one gill of molasses1 or not1 as may suit the taste2 one teaspoonful of saleratus4 ,this will make two loaves1 and should remain in the oven at least one hour2 and when taken out1 placed where they will cool gradually4 ,dyspepsia crackers can be made with unbolted flour1 water1 and saleratus4 #abba4 ,unfermented ,bread4--,this keeps moist longer than bread made with yeast1 and is more sweet and digestible4 ,the brown bread made in this way is particularly recommended for dyspeptics4 ,take four pounds of flour1 half an ounce avoirdupois of muriatic acid2 the same of carbonate of soda2 about a quart of water4 ,first mix the soda and flour well together by rubbing in a pan2 pour the acid into the water1 and stir it well together4 ,mix all together to the required consistence and bake in a hot oven immediately4 ,if instead of flour1 unbolted meal should be used1 take three pounds of meal2 half an ounce avoirdupois of muriatic acid2 the same of carbonate of soda2 and water enough to make it of a proper consistence4 ,mix in the same way4 #abbb4 ,rice ,caudle4--,when the water boils1 pour into it some ground rice mixed with a little cold water2 when of a proper consistency1 add sugar1 lemon-peel1 and cinnamon1 and a glass of brandy to a quart4 ,boil all smooth4 ,or3--,soak some ,carolina rice in water an hour1 strain it1 and put two spoonfuls of the rice into a pint and a quarter of milk2 simmer till it will pulp through a sieve1 then put the pulp and milk into the saucepan1 with a bruised clove1 and a bit of white sugar4 ,simmer ten minutes3 if too thick1 add a spoonful or two of milk1 and serve with thin toast4 #abbc4--;,johnny ,cakes4--,sift a quart of corn meal into a pan2 make a hole in the middle1 and pour in a pint of warm water4 ,mix the meal and water gradually into a batter1 adding a tea-spoonful of salt2 beat it very quickly1 and for a long time1 till it becomes quite light2 then spread it thick and even on a stout piece of smooth board2 place it upright on the hearth before a clear fire1 with something to support the board behind1 and bake it well2 cut it into squares1 and split and butter them hot4 ,they may also be made with a quart of milk1 three eggs1 one tea-spoonful of carbonate of soda1 and one tea-cupful of wheaten flour2 add ,indian corn-meal sufficient to make a batter like that of pancakes1 and either bake it in buttered pans1 or upon a griddle1 and eat them with butter4 #abbd4 ,green ,corn4--,must be boiled in clear water1 with salt1 from twenty minutes to half an hour2 if old1 it will require a longer time4 ,it must be sent to table directly it is done1 as it loses its sweetness by either boiling after it is done1 or standing when dished4 7,a tea-spoonful of saleratus boiled with corn is said to prevent sickness47 #abbe4 ,corn ,oysters4--,one pint of grated green corn1 one cup of flour1 one dessert-spoonful of salt1 one tea-spoonful of pepper1 one egg4 ,mix the ingredients together1 drop1 and fry them in hot lard4 ,in taste they resemble fried oysters4 ,they are an excellent relish for breakfast1 and a good side-dish for dinner4 #abbf4 ,sackatash1 or ,corn and ,beans4--,boil three pints of shelled beans1 or a quarter of a peck of string beans1 half an hour1 pour off the water4 ,cut the corn off of four dozen ears--put it in the pot among the beans1 add salt and pepper1 and cover them with boiling water--boil all together twenty minutes4 ,rub flour into a large piece of butter and stir it in1 then let it boil up once4 ,pour it into your tureen and send it to table4 #abbg4 ,winter ,sackatash4--,as in winter the beans and corn are both dried1 they will have to be soaked over night4 ,par-boil the beans in one or two waters1 then add the corn1 and boil all together until the beans are boiled to pieces1 which will be several hours4 ,add a small piece of loaf sugar4 ,before dishing it for table1 mix a large piece of butter with flour1 stir it in and let it boil4 #abbh4 ,to make ,curry ,powders4--,take one ounce of ginger1 the same of coriander-seed1 half an ounce of cayenne pepper1 and two ounces of fine pale turmeric2 these ingredients to be pounded separately to a fine powder1 and then warmed by the fire1 and mixed together4 ,put the powder into a wide-mouthed bottle1 cork it well down1 and put it into a dry place4 ,those who dislike the flavor of turmeric may substitute saffron4 #abbi4 ,to prepare a ,curry4--,the meat should be fresh and free from bone4 ,cut it into pieces which can be easily served4 ,to each pound of meat add a table-spoonful of curry powder1 and about half the quantity of flour1 and a little salt2 mix these together1 and rub a portion of it upon the meat before it is fried1 the remainder afterwards4 ,fry the meat in a little butter4 ,fry onions a light brown1 with a clove of garlic if approved2 drain the fat from both the meat and onions2 put them into a stewpan1 and cover with boiling water2 stew for twenty minutes1 then rub the remainder of the powder smooth with a little cold water1 add it1 and let it stew for an hour1 or according to the time necessary for the meat to be well done4 ,if no other acid is used1 stir in a little lemon-juice just before serving3 place it in the centre of the dish1 and put carefully boiled rice round it4 #abcj4 ,lord ,clive's ,curry4--,slice six onions1 one green apple1 and a clove of garlic2 stew them in a little good stock until they will pulp1 then add one tea-spoonful of curry-powder1 a few table-spoonfuls of stock1 a little salt1 and a little cayenne pepper1 half a salt-spoonful of each2 stew in this gravy any kind of meat cut into small pieces1 adding a piece of butter1 the size of a walnut1 rolled in flour4 #abca4 ,to free ,molasses from its sharp taste1 and to render it fit to be used instead of ,sugar4--,take twenty-four pounds of molasses1 twenty-four pounds of water1 and six pounds of charcoal1 coarsely pulverized3 mix them in a kettle1 and boil the whole over a slow wood fire4 ,when the mixture has boiled half an hour1 pour it into a flat vessel1 in order that the charcoal may subside to the bottom3 then pour off the liquid1 and place it over the fire once more1 that the superfluous water may evaporate1 and the molasses be brought to their former consistence4 ,twenty-four pounds of molasses will produce twenty-four pounds of syrup4 #abcb4 ,to make ,apple ,molasses4--,take new sweet cider just from the press1 made from sweet apples1 and boil it down as thick as ,west ,india molasses4 ,it should be boiled in brass1 and not burned1 as that would injure the flavor4 ,it will keep in the cellar1 and is said to be as good1 and for many purposes better than ,west ,india molasses4 #abcc4 ,to dress ,chestnuts for ,dessert4--,let them be well roasted1 and the husks taken off4 ,dissolve a quarter pound of sugar in a wine-glassful of water1 and the juice of a lemon4 ,put this and the chestnuts into a saucepan over a slow fire for ten minutes2 add sufficient orange-flower water to flavor the syrup2 serve in a deep dish1 and grate sugar over them4 ,to be handed round whilst quite hot4 #abcd4 ,to improve ,claret ,wine when acid4--,place the cask on a stand for refining1 put into it a quarter pound of chalk broken into small pieces4 ,let it remain one day1 and then refine with the whites of six eggs1 the shells broken1 and a handful of salt2 all these are to be mixed with some of the wine1 and then thrown into the cask4 ,the shells are not to be powdered1 but simply crushed in the hand4 ,the wine will be fit for bottling in two weeks4 ,when bottled1 it should be laid on the side4 ,the bungs to be out as short a time as possible4 #abce4 ,to improve ,home-made wines4--,when there is a tendency to acidity in wine1 add to it sugar-candy in the proportion of a pound to every four gallons2 dissolve it1 and put it into the cask1 incorporating it well4 ,poor wines may be improved by the addition of bruised raisins4 ,if one ounce of powdered roche-alum be put into a cask of four gallons of wine1 it will make it fine and brisk in ten days4 ,ripe medlars1 or bruised mustard-seed1 tied in a bag1 will remove mustiness1 or other disagreeable taste4 ,pricked wines may be improved1 if not recovered1 by being racked off into a cask that has contained the same kind of wine4 ,the cask should be first matched or sulphured2 and1 to every ten gallons of wine1 put two ounces of oyster-shell powder1 and half an ounce of bay-salt2 stir it1 and leave it a few days to fine2 after which1 rack it into another cask1 also matched4 ,burn dry walnuts over a charcoal fire1 and when they are well lit1 throw them into the wine1 and bung up2 in forty-eight hours they will correct the acidity4 ,one walnut will suffice for every gallon of wine4 ,if bottled wine be ropy1 shake it for twenty minutes1 uncork it1 and pour off the froth or scum1 when the rest of the wine will be drinkable4 #abcf4 ,casking4--,the casks should be washed with hot salt and water1 then with hot water1 and lastly with a portion of the fermented liquor made to boil4 ,after the liquor is removed into the cask1 it will slowly ferment1 and some will evaporate4 ,the cask should1 however1 be kept filled near the bung-hole1 else the scum cannot be thrown out4 ,when the fret subsides1 close the bung-hole1 and bore a hole for a peg1 to be withdrawn occasionally1 else the cask may burst4 ,in the following ,spring1 determine whether you bottle or keep in wood another year2 but wines that have been properly fermented1 and promise well1 will be improved by remaining in the cask another year4 ,then1 if the wine wants rich flavor1 add to twenty gallons1 five pounds of sugar-candy4 #abcg4 ,bottling4--,brisk wines should be bottled on the approach of ,spring4 ,if the wine be not fine enough1 draw off a quart1 in which dissolve isinglass in the proportion of half an ounce to twenty gallons1 and pour the solution in at the bung-hole4 ,in about three weeks1 the liquor will be sufficiently clear for bottling4 ,in drawing off1 be careful to tap the cask above the lees4 ,the wine1 to be fit for bottling1 should be fine and brilliant1 else it will never brighten after4 ,when bottled1 it should be stored in a cool cellar1 and the bottles laid on their sides1 and in sawdust2 but1 on no account set upright4 ,in making wines1 it is a good plan to use two casks1 one a very small one1 from which the larger one may be filled up1 during the fermentation4 #abch4 ,fining for ,wine4--,put an ounce of isinglass into a quart jug1 with one pint of wine2 stir it twice or thrice a day1 and it will soon dissolve2 when strain it through a sieve4 ,a pint of this fining will be sufficient for a cask of twenty gallons4 ,when the fining is put into the cask1 stir it up with a stick1 taking care not to touch the bottom1 so as to disturb the lees4 ,fill up the cask1 if necessary1 bung it down1 and in a week the wine will be fit for bottling4 ,for white wine only1 add and mix1 as above1 a quarter of a pint of milk to every gallon of wine4 ,it may also be fined with the whites of eggs1 beaten up with some wine1 in the proportion of four whites to sixteen gallons of wine4 #abci4 ,to sweeten ,casks4--,if a cask1 after the contents are drunk out1 be well stopped1 and the lees be allowed to remain in it till it is again to be used1 it will only be necessary to scald it2 taking care1 before you fill it1 to see that the hoops are well driven4 ,should the air get into the cask1 it will become musty1 and scalding will not improve it2 the surest way will be then to take out the head of the cask1 to be shaved1 then to burn it a little1 and scald it for use4 ,or1 put into the cask some quick lime and cold water1 bung it down1 shake it for some time1 and then scald it2 or1 burn a match in it1 and scald it4 ,or1 mix half a pint of the strongest sulphuric acid in an open vessel1 with a quart of water1 put it into the cask1 and roll it well about2 next day1 add one pound of chalk1 bung it down1 and in three or four days the cask should be washed out with boiling water4 ,to prepare a match1 melt some brimstone1 and dip into it a long narrow piece of coarse linen cloth1 or brown paper2 when to be used1 set fire to the match1 put it in at the bung-hole of the cask1 fastening one end under the bung1 and let it remain1 for a few hours4 #abdj4 ,a ,filtering ,bag4--,will be useful in fining wines3 it may be made of a yard of moderately-fine flannel1 laid sloping1 so as to have the bottom very narrow1 and the top the full breadth2 strongly sew up the side1 and fold and sew the upper part of the bag about a broad wooden hoop1 to be suspended by a cord fastened in three or four places4 #abda4 ,coloring ,wines4--,in the coloring of wines1 many substances have been used1 and it is desirable to select such as may also communicate an agreeable flavor4 ,red colors are easily obtained from beet-root1 logwood1 or the berries of the elder2 and every variety of yellow may be produced by the use of burnt sugar1 which also gives an agreeable bitterness4 ,there is no end to the materials which have been used to give a flavor to wine4 ,the flowers of elder1 cowslips1 clove-pinks1 and mignonette1 are well known4 ,the shavings of orris-root1 in the proportion of half an ounce to twenty gallons1 will be found to communicate an agreeable perfume4 ,the shavings should be tied in a linen bag1 and suspended in the cask by a string1 so as to be removable at pleasure1 if1 upon trial1 it is found that the flavor is likely to be too predominant4 #abdb4 ,to check ,fermentation4--,sulphate of potash will stop fermentation4 ,one dram is sufficient for a pipe of liquor4 ,it will be useful to the confectioner to know1 that by the use of the same salt1 the fermentation of syrups and preserves may also be effectually prevented4 #abdc4 ,currant ,shrub2 easily made4--,to every quart of juice1 add one pound of sugar1 and one gill of brandy4 ,bottle and cork it tight4 ,do not put it over the fire4 #abdd4 ,damson ,wine4--,to four gallons of boiling water1 add a peck of damsons2 stir this liquor twice every day4 ,let it stand for three days1 and then strain the whole through a lawn sieve4 ,add nine pounds of loaf sugar1 and three spoonsful of yeast2 after it has worked in a tub for three days1 turn it into a cask1 and add three quarts of elder syrup4 ,rack the wine in a fortnight4 ,put in two lemons1 sliced1 a quarter of a pound of loaf sugar1 rubbed on the peel1 and two pounds of raisins1 chopped4 ,stop it close till ,march1 and then bottle it4 #abde4 ,red ,cherry ,wine4--,strip1 when full ripe1 any quantity of the finest red1 or ,kentish cherries1 from their stalks1 and stamp them1 in the same manner as apples for cider1 till the stones are broken4 ,put the whole into a tub1 and cover it up closely for three days and nights2 then press it in a cider-press2 put the liquor again into a tub1 and let it stand1 covered as before1 two days longer4 ,carefully take off the scum1 without in the smallest degree disturbing the liquor1 which is to be poured off the lees1 into a different tub4 ,after it has thus stood to clear another two days1 it must again be cautiously skimmed1 and the clear liquid poured off as before4 ,if the cherries are1 as they ought to be1 quite ripe and sweet1 a pound and a half of good sugar will be sufficient for each gallon of juice1 which is to be well stirred in1 and the liquor again closely covered up1 without being any more disturbed till the next day2 then pour it carefully from the lees1 as before1 put it to stand1 in the same manner1 another day2 and then1 with the like care1 pour it off into the cask1 or casks1 in which it is intended to be kept4 ,the above process must be often repeated1 should the lees appear gross and likely to make the liquor fret4 ,when entirely settled1 stop it up1 for at least seven or eight months2 then1 if perfectly fine1 put it in bottles2 if not1 drain it off into another vessel1 and stop it up for six months longer1 before you venture to bottle it1 when it will want only age to equal1 if not exceed1 all foreign wines4 ,it will1 however1 be best not to drink it till at least ten or twelve months old4 #abdf4 ,rich ,morella ,cherry ,wine4--,having picked off from their stalks the ripest and soundest morella cherries1 bruise them well1 without breaking the stones1 and let the whole stand twenty-four hours in an open vessel4 ,then press out all the juice1 and for every gallon1 add two pounds of fine loaf sugar4 ,put this wine into a cask1 and when the fermentation ceases1 stop it close4 ,let it stand three or four months1 then bottle it1 and in two months more it will be fit to drink4 ,some crack the stones1 and hang them1 with the bruised kernels1 in a bag1 from the bung1 while the wine remains in the cask4 #abdg4 ,incomparable ,apricot ,wine4--,take eight pounds of ripe apricots1 slice them into two gallons of spring water1 and add five pounds of powdered loaf sugar4 ,boil them together for some time1 without taking off the scum2 then skim it off as it continues to rise1 and put it in a clean sieve1 over a pan1 to save the liquor which comes from it4 ,when the boiling liquor is as clear as it can be made from the dross of the sugar1 pour it1 with the drainings of the sieve1 hot on the kernels of the apricots1 which must be put with the stones into the pan1 where it is intended the wine should be left to cool4 ,stir all well together1 cover it up closely till it grows quite cool1 and then work it with a toast and yeast4 ,in two or three days1 when it is found to be settled1 fine it off into a cask1 leaving it to ferment as long as it will4 ,after it has done working1 pour in a bottle of old hock1 mountain1 or sherry1 and stop it up for six months2 then1 if very fine1 bottle it1 and keep it twelve months4 ,this is indeed a most delicious wine4 #abdh4 ,to detect ,sugar of ,lead in ,wines4--,the tincture of orpiment converts wine so adulterated to a black color4 #abdi4 ,orange ,wine4--,to ten gallons of water put twenty-eight pounds of loaf sugar1 and the whites of six eggs4 ,boil them together for three-quarters of an hour1 keeping the liquor well skimmed all the time1 and then pour it hot into a tub1 or large pan1 over the peels of fifty ,seville oranges4 ,when it is nearly cold1 take three spoonsful of yeast1 spread on a piece of toasted bread1 and put in the liquor to make it ferment4 ,after it has stood two or three days1 pour it from the peels into the cask1 with a gallon of orange juice1 which takes about a hundred and twenty oranges4 ,let it remain in the cask till it has done hissing1 when the fermentation will have ceased4 ,endeavor to proportion the size of the cask to the quantity1 as it must be kept filled1 so as to work out at the bung-hole4 ,when the fermentation is over1 draw off as much of the wine as will admit one quart of brandy for every five gallons of wine4 ,it will be fit to bottle1 or drink from the cask1 in four or five months4 ,this wine1 if carefully made1 according to these plain directions1 will be found exquisitely delicious2 and were it kept four or five years1 would far surpass most of the best foreign wines1 as they are usually sold in ,england4 #abej4 ,red ,currant ,wine4--,to eight gallons of water add twenty-four pounds of loaf sugar2 boil the syrup and skim it1 till the scum disappears4 ,have ready1 picked from the stalks1 two gallons of red currants1 taking care not to bruise them4 ,pour the syrup1 boiling hot1 on the currants4 ,let it all stand till nearly cold2 then add a teacupful of yeast4 ,let it ferment for two days2 then strain it through a sieve1 into the cask1 and when the fermentation entirely ceases1 bung it tight4 ,it will be ready to bottle at the end of two months4 ,into each bottle put a small lump of sugar4 #abea4 ,raisin ,wine4--,to every gallon of water weigh seven pounds of raisins2 pick them from the stalks1 and put them into a tub2 pour the water on the fruit1 and let it stand a fortnight or three weeks1 stirring it several times a day4 ,strain it1 and press the fruit very dry through hair bags1 then put it into a barrel1 but do not stop it close4 ,in about four months rack it1 and then put a little fresh fruit1 and some brandy1 into the barrel4 ,a quart of brandy1 and eight or ten pounds of fruit1 are sufficient for twenty-five or thirty gallons of wine4 ,when the wine is racked1 draw it off into a tub1 and pass the sediment that remains through a flannel bag2 the head of the barrel must then be taken out1 and the barrel rinsed with a little of the wine4 ,after the head is again put in1 add the brandy and fruit4 ,put the bung in for a little time1 but not very tight4 ,it will be necessary to refine the wine with isinglass1 about three weeks before it is bottled1 which should not be in less than a year4 ,one ounce of isinglass1 dissolved in half a pint of wine1 and stirred into the barrel1 will be sufficient4 ,before the water is poured on the fruit1 it should be boiled with the stalks1 and with hops2 the latter in the proportion of a quarter of a pound to every thirty gallons of water4 ,strain the liquor1 let it grow cold1 and then add it to the fruit4 #abeb4 ,spruce ,wine4--,to every gallon of water take a pound and a half of honey1 and half a pound of fine starch4 ,before the starch is mixed with the honey-syrup1 it must be reduced to a transparent jelly1 by boiling it with part of the water purposely reserved2--a quarter of a pound of essence of spruce must be used to five gallons of water1 and when sufficiently stirred and incorporated1 pour the wine into the cask4 ,then add a quarter of a pint of good ale-yeast1 shake the cask well1 and let it work for three or four days1 after which1 bung it4 ,it may be bottled in a few days1 and in ten days afterwards1 will be fit to drink4 ,when this wine is bunged1 a quarter of an ounce of isinglass1 first dissolved in a little of the warmed liquor1 may be stirred in by way of fining it4 ,in cold weather1 the quantity of yeast should be increased3 in warm weather1 very little ferment is requisite4 #abec4 ,american ,currant ,wine4--,to one gallon of currant juice add two of water2 to each gallon of this mixture add three pounds and a quarter of sugar1 a gill of brandy1 and a quarter of an ounce of powdered alum3 put the whole into a clean cask1 in ,march draw off1 and add another gill of brandy to each gallon4 #abed4 ,rich ,mead4--,mix well the whites of six eggs in twelve gallons of water2 and to this mixture1 when it has boiled half an hour and been well skimmed1 add thirty-six pounds of the finest honey1 with the rinds of two dozen lemons4 ,let them boil together some little time1 and on the liquor's becoming sufficiently cool1 work it with a little ale-yeast4 ,put it with the lemon peel into a seasoned barrel1 which must be filled up as it flows over with some of the reserved liquor2 and when the hissing ceases1 drive the bung close4 ,after the wine has stood five or six months1 bottle it for use4 ,if intended to be kept several years1 put in a pound more honey for every gallon of water4 #abee4 ,red and ,white ,mead with ,raspberries and ,currants4--,for every gallon of wine to be made1 take one pound and a half of honey1 half an ounce of tartar1 or ,bologna argol1 and three-quarters of a pound of fruit4 ,if for white wine1 white argol should be used with white currants2 if for red wine1 red argol with red currants or raspberries4 ,prepare the honey by mixing it with as much water as will1 when added to the juice of the fruit 7allowing for diminution by boiling1 c471 make the proposed quantity of wine4 ,this being well boiled and clarified1 infuse in it a moderate quantity of rosemary leaves1 lavender1 and sweet-brier1 and when they have remained for two days1 strain the liquor1 and add it to the expressed juice of the fruit1 put in the dissolved argol1 stir the whole well together1 and leave it to ferment4 ,in two or three days1 put it in a seasoned barrel2 keep filling it up1 as the liquor flows over2 and on its ceasing to work1 sink in it a muslin bag of ,seville orange and lemon peel1 with cinnamon1 cloves and nutmegs1 and closely bung the cask4 ,if kept for six months or more in the wood1 and at least nine in bottles1 this wine will be excellent1 whether red or white4 ,in a similar way may be made all sorts of fruit wines1 thus substituting honey for sugar4 #abef4 ,nectar4--,take half a pound of raisins of the sun1 chopped1 one pound of powdered loaf sugar1 two lemons1 sliced1 and the peel of one4 ,put them into an earthen vessel with two gallons of water1 the water having been boiled half an hour2 and put them in while the water is boiling4 ,let the whole stand three or four days1 stirring it twice a day2 then strain it1 and in a fortnight it will be ready for use4 #abeg4 ,syrup of ,cloves1 ,cinnamon1 or ,mace4--,all these syrups are made exactly on the same plan4--,take two ounces of either cloves1 cinnamon1 or mace1 well pounded1 and put it into a pint of boiling water in a small stewpan4 ,let it boil half an hour1 pass the liquor through a hair sieve1 dissolve in it a pound and a half of powdered loaf sugar1 clear it over the fire1 with the white of an egg beaten to a froth1 and a little rose or orange-flower water1 and let it simmer gently till the syrup is formed and clear4 ,when quite cold1 put it in bottles1 which must be closely corked4 #abeh4 ,syrup of ,ginger4--,steep an ounce and a half of beaten ginger in a quart of boiling water1 closely covered up for twenty-four hours2 then1 straining off the infusion1 make it into a syrup1 by adding at least two pounds of fine loaf sugar1 dissolved1 and boiled up in a hot water bath4 #abei4 ,french ,rossolis1 perfumed with ,flowers4--,boil two quarts of spring water1 to take off the hardness2 then take it off the fire1 and when it is only lukewarm1 throw in a pinch of the most odoriferous flowers1 and let them infuse till the liquid is cold1 and the fragrance all extracted4 ,then take away the flowers with a skimmer1 strain the liquid1 and add to it a pint of clarified syrup1 and half a pint of spirits of wine1 and a rossolis1 or sun-dew1 will be produced4 #abfj4 ,bergamot ,water4--,make a pint of syrup2 and when cold1 press into it half a dozen fine lemons1 with1 or without1 a ,seville orange1 or two ,china oranges1 adding as much water as may be necessary2 then putting in a tea-spoonful of genuine essence of bergamot1 run the whole through a lawn sieve1 and it is immediately ready for drinking4 #abfa4 ,peach and ,apricot ,waters4--,both these waters1 as well as those of other fruits1 are readily made by mixing two or three table-spoonfuls of the respective jams with a few blanched and pounded bitter almonds1 lemon-juice1 and cold spring water1 with powdered loaf sugar to your taste4 ,on being run through a lawn sieve1 these waters are immediately fit to drink4 #abfb4 ,persian and ,turkish ,sherbet4--,the method pursued by the ,persians1 ,turks1 c41 is to extract the fragrant1 rich1 and acidulated juices of the finest flowers and fruits1 and make them1 with the addition of sugar1 into what we call fruit jellies or lozenges1 which are dissolved in the purest spring water1 and thus form the agreeable beverage denominated sherbet4 ,for example1 they evaporate the purified juice of citrons in a water bath with a slow fire1 till it becomes of nearly the consistence of honey1 melting1 in the mean time1 some finely powdered loaf sugar in a silver dish1 and continually stirring it with a flat wooden spoon2 when the sugar is very dry1 they sprinkle over it1 a little at a time1 the prepared juice of citron2 continuing to stir it till the whole has sufficient moisture to form a paste1 which they make into lozenges1 and keep in a dry1 and rather warm situation2 in this way1 they prepare all the acid juices1 such as barberries1 lemons1 gooseberries1 c43 with the less acid and more delicately flavored fruits1 they proceed differently1 only well heating the sugar in a silver dish1 adding to it by degrees the fresh juice1 and stirring it constantly till a paste is formed4 ,this must not be made into lozenges till perfectly dry1 and they must be put into a box lined with paper1 and kept in a dry place4 ,they are variously prepared with orange-flowers1 roses1 c4 ,the ,persians and ,turks are said to prepare a favorite sherbet with violet vinegar1 pomegranate-juice1 and sugar formed into lozenges4 #abfc4 ,hypocras1 as made at ,paris4--,put into a quart of the best and strongest red wine half a pound of powdered loaf sugar1 half a dram of cinnamon1 a pinch of coriander seeds1 two white pepper-corns1 a little ,seville orange peel1 a blade of mace1 a small quantity of lemon-juice1 and four cloves2 the spices1 c41 being all previously beaten in a mortar4 ,when the whole has infused three or four hours1 add a table-spoonful of milk2 and filtering the liquid through a flannel bag1 it will prove excellent for present or future use4 #abfd4 ,strawberry ,sherbet4--,on half a pound of sugar of the best quality1 broken into lumps1 pour a quart of spring water4 ,let it stand until nearly dissolved2 give it a stir1 and boil it for about ten minutes4 ,take off the scum1 and throw into the syrup a pint and a half of sound ripe strawberries1 measured without their stalks4 ,let these simmer gently until they shrink much and begin to break1 and keep them well skimmed1 or the sherbet will not be clear4 ,before it is taken from the fire1 add the strained juice of a sound fresh lemon1 then turn the preparation into a jelly-bag1 or let it stand for a quarter of an hour1 and then strain it through a muslin folded in four4 ,this latter method is generally quite sufficient to render any liquid not thickened by the over-boiled pulp of fruit1 quite transparent4 ,when strawberries abound1 a quart1 or even more1 may be used for this preparation2 and the proportion of sugar can always be increased or diminished to the taste4 ,to give the sherbet an ,oriental character1 boil in it the petals of six or eight orange1 lemon1 or citron blossoms2 or orange-flower water may be used4 #abfe4 ,lemonade 7,italian74--,two dozen lemons must be pared and pressed2 the juice should be poured on the peels1 and remain on them all night2 in the morning add two pounds of loaf sugar1 a quart of good white wine1 and three quarts of boiling water4 ,when these ingredients are blended1 add a quart of boiling milk4 ,strain the whole through a jelly-bag till it becomes quite clear4 #abff4 ,lemonade4--,one of the best methods of making lemonade is to prepare a syrup of sugar and water1 over a clear fire1 skimming it quite clean2 to this add the juice of any number of lemons1 according to the quantity you wish to make2 also some of the rinds4 #abfg4 ,rich ,orangeade4--,steep the yellow rinds of six ,china1 and two ,seville oranges in a quart of boiling water1 closely covered up for five or six hours2 then make a syrup with a pound of sugar1 and three pints of water1 mix the infusion and syrup together1 press in the juice of a dozen ,china oranges1 and the two ,seville oranges from which the rind was taken1 stir the whole well together1 and run it through a jelly-bag2 afterwards1 if agreeable1 a little orange-flower water1 with some capillaire syrup1 may be added1 should sweetness be wanted4 ,two lemons may be used1 as well as the two ,seville oranges2 but care should be taken that the flavor of the lemons does not predominate4 #abfh4 ,orgeat ,paste4--,this paste1 which will keep twelve months1 is nearly as soon made into orgeat as the orgeat syrup4 ,the mode of preparing it in ,paris1 is by well pounding blanched almonds with a little water1 to prevent their turning to oil2 then adding half the weight of the almonds in pounded sugar1 and mixing both together into a paste4 ,of this paste1 when wanted1 mix a small portion1 about the size of an egg1 in a pint of spring water1 and strain it through a napkin4 ,the usual ,english mode of making orgeat paste is1 by pounding in the same manner1 half an ounce of bitter1 to a pound of sweet1 almonds2 and boiling a quart of common syrup1 till it becomes what is called blow2 mixing the almonds with it over the fire1 well stirred all the time1 to prevent burning1 till it becomes a stiff paste2 then1 on its getting quite cold1 putting it in pots1 to be used in the same manner as the other4 #abfi4 ,to cork1 and preserve ,cider in ,bottles4--,good corks are highly necessary1 and if soaked before used in scalding water1 they will be more the pliant and serviceable2 and by laying the bottles so that the liquor may always keep the cork wet and swelled1 will much preserve it4 #abgj4 ,soda ,water and ,ginger ,beer ,powders4--,carbonate of soda and tartaric acid1 of each two ounces2 fine loaf sugar rolled and sifted1 six ounces2 pure essence of lemon1 twenty-five or thirty drops4 ,to be well mixed in a marble mortar1 kept in a bottle closely corked1 and in a very dry place4 ,when required for use1 two tea-spoonfuls to less than a half pint of water1 to be mixed in a glass that will hold twice that quantity1 and drunk while in a state of effervescence4 ,if half an ounce or one ounce 7according as it may be liked more or less hot71 of best ground ginger be mixed with the above quantity1 it will be ginger-beer powder4 #abga4 ,spruce ,beer4--,for white spruce1 pour ten gallons of boiling water upon six pounds of good raw or lump sugar1 and four ounces of essence of spruce2 ferment with half a pint of good yeast1 put into stone bottles1 cork and tie them over4 ,for brown spruce use treacle instead of sugar4 ,essence of spruce is a remedy for colds1 rheumatisms1 c41 if drunk warm at bed-time4 #abgb4 ,an ,irish ,cordial4--,to every pound of white currants stripped from the stalks and bruised1 put the very thin rind of a large fresh lemon1 and a quarter of an ounce of ginger1 well pounded and sifted4 ,pour on these one quart of good old whiskey2 mix the whole up thoroughly1 and let it stand for twenty-four hours in a new well-scalded stone pitcher1 or deep pan 7crock71 covered closely from the air4 ,strain it off2 stir in it1 until dissolved1 a pound and a quarter of pounded sugar1 and strain it again and bottle it4 ,this is an ,irish receipt1 and is given without variation from the original4 #abgc4 ,to prevent ,beer from growing flat4--,in a cask containing eighteen gallons of beer1 becoming vapid1 put a pint of ground malt1 suspended in a bag1 and close the bung perfectly2 the beer will be improved during the whole time of drawing it for use4 #abgd4 ,to recover sour ,beer4--,when beer has become sour1 put into the barrel some oyster-shells1 calcined to whiteness1 or a little fine chalk or whiting4 ,any of these will correct the acidity1 and make the beer brisk and sparkling2 but it cannot be kept long after these additions are made4 #abge4 ,rose ,vinegar for ,salads or the ,toilette4--,to one quarter of a pound of rose-leaves put two quarts of good vinegar2 cover it firmly2 leave it to infuse till a fine tincture is obtained2 then strain it4 #abgf4 ,raspberry ,vinegar4--,pour one quart of vinegar on two pounds of fresh raspberries1 and let it stand twenty-four hours4 ,then strain them through a hair-sieve without breaking the fruit2 put the liquor on two pounds more fruit1 and1 after straining it in the same manner1 add to each pint of juice half a pound of loaf sugar2 put it in a stone vessel1 and let it stand in boiling water until the sugar is dissolved2 when cold1 take off the scum1 and bottle it4 #abgg4 ,cheap and easy method of ,brewing4--,one bushel of malt and three-quarters of a pound of hops will1 on an average1 brew twenty gallons of good beer4 ,for this quantity of malt1 boil twenty-four gallons of water2 and1 having dashed it in the copper with cold water to stop the boiling1 steep the malt 7properly covered up7 for three hours2 then tie up the hops in a hair-cloth1 and boil malt1 hops1 and wort1 altogether1 for three-quarters of an hour1 which will reduce it to about twenty gallons4 ,strain it off1 and set it to work when lukewarm4 ,in large brewings1 this process perhaps would not answer1 but in small ones1 where the waste is not so great1 and where the malt can be boiled1 the essence is sure to be extracted4 #abgh4 ,to make excellent and wholesome ,table ,beer4--,to eight quarts of boiling water put a pound of treacle1 a quarter of an ounce of ginger1 and two bay leaves2 let this boil for a quarter of an hour1 then cool1 and work it with yeast1 the same as other beer4 #abgi4 ,how the ,chinese make ,tea4--,the art of making tea consists in pouring the water on and off immediately1 so as to get the flavor4 #abhj4 ,tea1 economically4--,young ,hyson is supposed to be a more profitable tea than ,hyson2 but though the quantity to a pound is greater1 it has not so much strength4 ,in point of economy1 therefore1 there is not much difference between them4 ,hyson tea and ,souchong mixed together1 half and half1 is a pleasant beverage1 and is more healthy than green tea alone4 ,be sure that water boils before it is poured upon tea4 ,a tea-spoonful to each person1 and one extra thrown in1 is a good rule4 ,steep a few minutes4 #abha4 ,turkish method of making ,coffee4--,the coffee must be slowly roasted1 not burnt1 and brought only to an amber brown3 it must be roasted day by day4 ,the flavor dissipates in a few hours2 it must be reduced by pounding to an impalpable powder4 ,in making it1 two opposite and1 apparently1 incompatible ends are to be secured--strength and flavor4 ,to obtain the first1 it must be boiled2 by boiling1 the second is lost4 ,the difficulty is surmounted by a double process--one thorough cooking1 one slight one2 by the first a strong infusion is obtained2 by the second1 that infusion is flavored4 ,thus a large pot with coffee-lees stands simmering by the fire2 this is the sherbet4 ,when a cup is wanted1 the pounded coffee is put in the little tin or copper pan1 and placed on the embers2 it fumes for a moment1 then the sherbet is poured on2 in a few seconds the froth 7camah7 rises2 presently an indication that it is about to boil is made manifest1 when the coffee is instantly taken from the fire1 carried into the apartment1 turned into the cup1 and drank4 #abhb4 ,cheap and valuable substitute for ,coffee4--,the flour of rye1 and yellow potatoes1 are found an excellent substitute for coffee4 ,boil1 peel1 and mash the potatoes1 and then mix with the meal into a cake1 which is to be dried in an oven1 and afterwards reduced to a powder1 which will make a beverage very similar to coffee in its taste1 as well as in other properties1 and not in the least detrimental to health4 #abhc4 ,substitute for ,cream4--,if you have not cream for coffee1 it is a very great improvement to boil your milk1 and use it while hot4 #abhd4 ,cocoa is the foundation of chocolate2 it may be pounded1 and either boiled as milk1 or boiling water may be poured on it4 ,it is very digestible1 and of a fattening nature4 #abhe4 ,racahout des ,arabes2 a pleasant beverage for ,invalids4--,mix thoroughly one pound of ground rice2 one pound of arrow-root2 half pound of fine chocolate4 ,put the mixture into a jar for use4 ,when it is wanted1 make a tablespoonful of the ,racahout into a paste with cold water or milk2 then stir it into half a pint of boiling milk1 and let it boil up for a minute or two2 add sugar1 if agreeable1 and drink it as you would chocolate4 #abhf4 ,how to judge the ,properties of ,nutmegs4--,the largest1 heaviest1 and most unctuous of nutmegs are to be chosen1 such as are the shape of an olive1 and of the most fragrant smell4 #abhg4 ,to keep ,grapes4--,gather the grapes in the afternoon of a dry day1 before they are perfectly ripe4 ,have ready a clean dry barrel and wheat bran4 ,proceed then with alternate layers of bran and grapes1 till the barrel is full1 taking care that the grapes do not touch each other1 and to let the last layer be of bran2 then close the barrel1 so that the air may not be able to penetrate1 which is an essential point4 ,grapes1 thus packed1 will keep nine or even twelve months4 ,to restore them to their freshness1 cut the end of the stalk of each bunch of grapes1 and put that of white grapes into white wine1 and that of the black grapes into red wine1 as you would put flowers into water1 to revive or keep them fresh4 #abhh4 ,to keep ,oranges and ,lemons4--,take small sand and make it very dry2 after it is cold1 put a quantity of it into a clean vessel2 then take your oranges1 and set a laying of them in the same1 the stalk-end downwards1 so that they do not touch each other1 and strew in some of the sand1 as much as will cover them two inches deep2 then set your vessel in a cold place1 and you will find your fruit in high preservation at the end of several months4 #abhi4 ,another ,method4--,freeze the oranges1 and keep them in an ice-house4 ,when to be used1 put them into a vessel of cold water till they are thawed4 ,by this means they may be had in perfection at any season of the year4 #abij4 ,keeping ,apples4--,apples should be placed on a dry floor three weeks before they are packed away in barrels4 ,they should be kept in a cool place2 if inclosed in a water-tight cask1 they may be kept all winter in a loft or garret without further care1 and will come out sound and fresh in the spring4 #abia4 ,to keep ,onions4--,onions should be kept very dry1 and never carried into the cellar except in severe weather1 when there is danger of their freezing4 ,by no means let them be in the cellar after ,march2 they will sprout and spoil4 #abib4 ,a good way of cooking onions4--,it is a good plan to boil onions in milk and water2 it diminishes the strong taste of that vegetable4 ,it is an excellent way of serving up onions1 to chop them after they are boiled1 and put them in a stewpan1 with a little milk1 butter1 salt1 and pepper1 and let them stew about fifteen minutes4 ,this gives them a fine flavor1 and they can be served up very hot4 #abic4 ,to keep ,parsnips4--,parsnips should be kept down cellar1 covered up in sand1 entirely excluded from the air4 ,they are good only in the ,spring4 #abid4 ,to keep ,cabbages4--,cabbages put into a hole in the ground will keep well during the winter1 and be hard1 fresh1 and sweet in the ,spring4 ,many farmers keep potatoes in the same way4 #abie4 ,to keep ,potatoes4--,the cellar is the best place for them1 because they are injured by wilting2 but sprout them carefully1 if you want to keep them4 ,they never sprout but three times2 therefore1 after you have sprouted them three times1 they will trouble you no more4 ,note4--,boiled potatoes are said to cleanse the hands as well as common soap2 they prevent chaps in the winter season1 and keep the skin soft and healthy4 #abij4 ,boiling ,potatoes4--,the following method of dressing potatoes will be found of great use at the season of the year1 when skins are tough and potatoes are watery4 ,score the skin of the potato with a knife1 lengthwise and across1 quite around1 and then boil the potato in plenty of water and salt1 with the skin on4 ,the skin readily cracks when it is scored1 and lets out the moisture1 which otherwise renders the potato soapy and wet4 ,the improvement to bad potatoes by this method of boiling them is very great1 and all who have tried it find a great advantage in it1 now that good potatoes are very difficult to be obtained4 #abig4 ,to keep ,celery4--,celery should be kept in the cellar1 the roots covered with tan1 to keep them moist4 #abih4 ,to keep ,lettuce4--,if the tops of lettuce be cut off when it is becoming too old for use1 it will grow up again fresh and tender1 and may thus be kept good through the summer4 #abii4 ,good ,squashes4--,green squashes that are turning yellow1 and striped squashes1 are more uniformly sweet and mealy than any other kind4 #acjj4 ,to dry ,pumpkin4--,cut it round horizontally in tolerably thin slices1 peel them and hang them on a line in a warm room4 ,when perfectly dry1 put them away for use4 ,when you wish to use it1 put it to soak over night2 next day pour off the water1 put on fresh water1 stew and use it as usual1 c4 ,another and1 as some think1 a much better way1 is to boil and sift the pumpkin1 then spread it out thin in tin plates1 and dry hard in a warm oven4 ,it will keep good all the year round1 and a little piece boiled up in milk will make a batch of pies4 #acja4 ,to pickle large ,mushrooms4--,pick them carefully1 and take out the stalks2 put them into a jar1 and pour on them boiling spiced vinegar1 with a little salt in it4 #acjb4 ,to preserve ,green ,currants4--,currants may be kept fresh for a year or more1 if they are gathered when green1 separated from the stems1 put into dry1 clean junk bottles1 and corked very carefully1 so as to exclude the air4 ,they should be kept in a cool place in the cellar4 #acjc4 ,walnut ,ketchup4--,take half a bushel of green walnuts1 before the shell is formed1 and grind them in a crab mill1 or beat them in a marble mortar2 then squeeze out the juices through a coarse cloth1 and wring the cloth well to get all the juice out1 and to every gallon of juice put a quart of red wine1 a quarter of a pound of anchovies1 the same of bay salt1 one ounce of allspice1 two of long or black pepper1 half an ounce of cloves and mace1 a little ginger and horse-radish1 cut in slices2 boil all together till reduced to half the quantity2 pour into a pan2 when it is cold bottle it1 cork it tight1 and it will be fit to use in three months4 ,if you have any pickle left in the jar after your walnuts are used1 to every gallon of pickle put in two heads of garlic1 a quart of red wine1 an ounce each of cloves and mace1 long1 black1 and ,jamaica pepper1 and boil them all together1 till it is reduced to half the quantity1 pour it into a pan1 and the next day bottle it for use1 and cork it tight4 #acjd4 ,to discover if ,bread is adulterated with ,alum4--,make a solution of lime in aquafortis1 and put a little of this solution into water1 in which you have steeped the bread suspected to contain alum4 ,if such should be the case1 the acid1 which was combined with the alum1 will form a precipitate or chalky concretion at the bottom of the vessel4 #acje4 ,to preserve ,biscuit from ,putrefaction4--,to preserve biscuit a long time sweet and good1 no other art is necessary than stowing it1 well baked1 in casks exactly caulked1 and carefully lined with tin1 so as to exclude the air2 at the same time the biscuit must be so placed as to leave as little vacant room as possible in the cask2 and when the same is opened through necessity1 it must be speedily closed again with great care4 #acjf4 ,a good ,yeast4--,put into one gallon of water a double-handful of hops2--boil them fifteen or twenty minutes1 then strain off the water while it is scalding hot2 stir in wheat flour or meal till it becomes a thick batter1 so that it will hardly pour2--let it stand till it becomes about blood-warm1 then add a pint of good lively yeast1 and stir it well2 and then let it stand in a place where it will be kept at a temperature of about seventy degrees ,fahrenheit1 till it becomes perfectly light1 whether more or less time is required2 and then it is fit for use2--or if it is desired to keep a portion of it1 let it stand several hours and become cool2 and then put it into a clean jug and cork it tight1 and place it in the cellar1 where it will keep cool2 and it may be preserved good1 ten or twelve days1 and even longer4 #acjg4 ,the ,dairy4--,dairymen will find a great advantage in cheese making1 by putting their milk1 which is to stand over night1 into small air-tight vessels4 ,they will also find it an advantage1 when it thunders1 to suspend the vessels by a cord or chain1 as the jarring of the shocks1 which sour the milk1 will1 in a great measure1 be prevented4 ,we may prevent the commencement of sourness1 which takes place in milk standing in large quantities1 by a wooden follower being fitted to the vat1 and pressed on the milk4 ,if any one doubt the utility of this1 let him try the experiment for himself4 ,cover the bottom of your cheese-vat to the depth of half an inch with milk1 and let it stand through the night1 and then try to make a breakfast of it in the morning4 ,you could relish tallow as well1 or a piece of bread and butter that had lain in the sun an hour4 ,neither milk1 butter1 nor cheese will do to stand in the light of the sun1 though it be reflected1 as it will produce rancidity4 #acjh4 ,butter4--,keep your pails1 churn1 and pans sweet4 ,in winter warm the pans and churns with hot water1 in summer cool them with cold4 ,keep your milk in summer where it is cool and airy1 in winter where it is warm4 ,in warm weather skim your milk as soon as it is thick2 in colder weather skim as soon as there is a good thick cream1 and be careful not to let it remain too long1 as it will acquire a bad taste4 ,churn as often as you have cream enough1 never less than once a week4 ,if the cream is of the right temperature when commenced1 it will not froth1 and if it does1 put in a little salt4 ,use no salt but the best ground salt2 work out all the butter-milk with a ladle in summer1 in winter use clean hands4 ,if you wish to keep it some time1 put it down in a jar or firkin1 or pickle in layers1 as clean and free from butter-milk as it is possible1 leaving a space for pickle over it1 in the following proportions4 ,half a pail of water1 one quart of fine salt1 two ounces of loaf-sugar1 one ounce of saltpetre1 well boiled and skimmed4 ,when cold1 cover with this1 and it will keep good and sweet1 the year round4 #acji4 ,cream4--,the quantity of cream on milk may be greatly increased by the following process3 ,have two pans ready in boiling hot water1 and when the new milk is brought in1 put it into one of these hot pans and cover it with the other4 ,the quality as well as the thickness of the cream is improved4 #acaj4 ,method of curing bad ,tub ,butter4--,a quantity of tub butter was brought to market in the ,west ,indies1 which1 on opening1 was found to be very bad1 and almost stinking4 ,a native of ,pennsylvania undertook to cure it1 which he did1 in the following manner3-- ,he started the tubs of butter in a large quantity of hot water1 which soon melted the butter2 he then skimmed it off as clean as possible1 and worked it over again in a churn1 and with the addition of salt and fine sugar1 the butter was sweet and good4 #acaa4 ,method of taking the ,rankness and disagreeable ,taste from ,irish ,salt ,butter4--,the quantity proposed to be made use of1 either for toasts or melting1 must be put into a bowl filled with boiling water1 and when the butter is melted1 skim it quite off2 by this method it is so separated from any gross particles1 that it may require a small addition of salt1 which may be put into the cold water that is made use of in melting butter for sauce2 and though the butter is oiled by hot water1 it becomes a fine cream in the boiling for sauce4 #acab4 ,to remove the ,taste of ,turnips from ,milk or ,butter4--,the taste of the turnip is easily taken off milk and butter1 by dissolving a little nitre in spring water1 which being kept in a bottle1 and a small tea-cupful put into eight gallons of milk1 when warm from the cow1 entirely removes any taste or flavor of the turnip4 #acac4 ,to make ,salt ,butter fresh4--,put four pounds of salt butter into a churn1 with four quarts of new milk1 and a small portion of arnotto4 ,churn them together1 and1 in about an hour1 take out the butter1 and treat it exactly as fresh butter1 by washing it in water1 and adding the customary quantity of salt4 ,this is a singular experiment4 ,the butter gains about three ounces in each pound1 and is in every particular equal to fresh butter4 ,it would be greatly improved by the addition of two or three ounces of fine sugar1 in powder4 ,a common earthen churn answers the same purpose as a wooden one1 and may be purchased at any pot shop4 #acad4 ,method of making ,stilton ,cheese4--,take the night's cream1 and put it to the morning's new milk1 with the rennet2 when the curd is come it is not to be broken1 as is done with other cheeses1 but take it out with a soil dish all together1 and place it on a sieve to drain gradually1 and1 as it drains1 keep gradually pressing it1 till it becomes firm and dry2 then place it in a wooden hoop2 afterwards to be kept dry on boards1 turned frequently1 with cloth-binders round it1 which are to be tightened as occasion requires4 ,in some dairies the cheeses1 after being taken out of the wooden hoop1 are bound tight round with a cloth1 which cloth is changed every day until the cheese becomes firm enough to support itself2 after the cloth is taken away1 they are rubbed every day all over1 for two or three months1 with a brush2 and if the weather is damp or moist1 twice a day2 and even before the cloth is taken off1 the top and bottom are well rubbed every day4 #acae4 ,coloring for ,cheese4--,the coloring for cheese is1 or at least should be1 ,spanish arnotto2 but as soon as coloring became general in this country1 a color of an adulterated kind was exposed for sale in almost every shop2 the weight of a guinea and a half of real ,spanish arnotto is sufficient for a cheese of fifty pounds' weight4 ,if a considerable part of the cream of the night's milk be taken for butter1 more coloring will be requisite4 ,the leaner the cheese is1 the more coloring it requires4 ,the manner of using arnotto is to tie up1 in a linen rag1 the quantity deemed sufficient1 and put it into half a pint of warm water over night4 ,this infusion is put into the tub of milk1 in the morning1 with the rennet infusion2 dipping the rag into the milk1 and rubbing it against the palm of the hand as long as any color runs out4 #acaf4 ,to make ,cement for ,bottles or ,preserve ,jars4--,take one-third bees'-wax and two-thirds rosin1 according to the quantity of cement required4 ,pound the rosin fine1 and put it with the wax to melt in any old vessel fit for the purpose4 ,when it is melted1 take it off the fire1 and add powdered brick-dust till it is as thick as melted sealing-wax4 ,then dip the bottle necks into the cement1 and in a few minutes the mixture will be dry4 #acag4 ,blue ,wash for ,walls4--,take one pound of lump blue vitriol2 pound it in a stone mortar as fine as possible2 dissolve it in a quart or two of hot water4 ,slake about a quarter of a peck1 or perhaps a little more of lime1 and when cold pour in the blue water by degrees1 and make it whatever shade you desire4 ,the lime must be slaked and the vitriol dissolved in earthen or stone ware1 and the whole mixture stirred with a metal spoon4 ,if wood is used for any of the above purposes1 the color will be changed4 ,a new brush should also be used to put it on the walls1 and they must first have a coat or two of whitewash1 to destroy all smoke and other impurities4 #acah4 ,yellow ,wash for ,walls4--,one quarter of a pound of chrome yellow1 one quarter of a pound of gum senegal1 two pounds of whiting4 ,,easy ,,and ,,cheap ,,mode ,,of ,,coloring ,,clothing1 c4 #acai4 ,blue ,composition1 a compound of vitriol and indigo1 is usually kept by hatters and apothecaries4 ,it colors a good and durable blue4 ,an ounce vial1 that may be bought for a trifle1 will color a large number of articles4 ,it is an economical plan to use it for old silk linings1 ribbons1 c4 ,the original color should be boiled out1 and the material thoroughly rinsed in soft water1 so that no soap may remain in it2 for soap ruins the dye4 ,twelve or sixteen drops of the blue composition1 poured into a quart bowl full of warm soft water1 stirred1 7and strained1 if any settlings are perceptible17 will color a great many articles4 ,if you wish a deep blue1 pour in more of the compound4 ,cotton must not be colored2 the vitriol destroys it2 if the material you wish to color has cotton threads in it1 it will be ruined4 ,after the things are thoroughly dried1 they should be washed in cool suds1 and dried again2 this prevents any bad effects from the vitriol2 if shut up from the air1 without being washed1 there is danger of the texture being destroyed4 #acbj4 ,how to color ,green4--,if you wish to color green1 have your cloth free as possible from the old color1 clean and rinsed1 and1 in the first place1 color it a deep yellow4 ,fustic boiled in soft water makes the strongest and brightest yellow dye2 but saffron1 barberry bush1 peach leaves1 or onion skins1 will answer pretty well4 ,next take a bowl full of strong yellow dye1 and pour in a great spoonful or more of the blue composition4 ,stir it up well with a clean stick1 and dip the articles you have already colored yellow into it1 and they will take a lively grass-green4 ,this is a good plan for old bombazet curtains1 dessert cloths1 old flannel for desk coverings1 c4 #acba4 ,slate ,color4--,tea-grounds boiled in iron1 and set with copperas1 make a very good slate color4 #acbb4 ,purple ,slate ,color4--,the purple paper1 which comes on loaf sugar1 boiled in cider1 or vinegar1 with a small bit of alum1 makes a fine purple slate color4 ,done in iron4 ,white maple bark makes a good light-brown slate color4 ,this should be boiled in water1 set with alum4 ,the color is reckoned better when boiled in brass1 instead of iron4 ,the purple slate and the brown slate are suitable colors for stockings2 and it is an economical plan1 after they have been mended and cut down1 so that they will no longer look decent1 to color old stockings1 and make them up for children4 #acbc4 ,to make ,nankin ,color4--,a pailful of lye1 with a piece of copperas half as big as a hen's egg boiled in it1 will color a fine nankin color1 which will never wash out4 ,this is very useful for the linings of bed-quilts1 comforters1 c4 ,old faded gowns1 colored in this way1 may be made into good petticoats4 ,cheap cotton cloth may be colored to advantage for petticoats1 and pelisses for little girls4 #acbd4 ,nankin ,color1 another way4--,the common birch-bark makes a very beautiful nankin dye4 ,cover the bark with water1 and boil it thoroughly in a brass or tin kettle4 ,bark stripped from the trees in autumn is best4 ,set the color with alum4 ,a piece as large as a hen's egg is sufficient for two pailsful of dye4 ,dip the articles1 wet thoroughly in clean water1 into the alum water1 then into the dye4 #acbe4 ,to make ,straw-color and ,yellow4--,saffron1 steeped in earthen and strained1 colors a fine straw color4 ,it makes a delicate or deep shade1 according to the strength of the tea4 ,the dry outside skins of onions1 steeped in scalding water and strained1 color a yellow very much like the bird of paradise color4 ,peach leaves1 or bark scraped from the barberry bush1 color a common bright yellow4 ,in all these cases1 a little bit of alum does no harm1 and may help to fix the color4 ,ribbons1 gauze handkerchiefs1 c41 are colored well in this way1 especially if they be stiffened by a bit of gum-arabic1 dropped in while the stuff is steeping4 #acbf4 ,to make ,rose-color4--,balm blossoms1 steeped in water1 color a pretty rose-color4 ,this answers very well for the linings of children's bonnets1 for ribbons1 c4 ,it fades in the course of one season1 but it is very little trouble to re-color with it4 ,it merely requires to be steeped and strained4 ,perhaps a small piece of alum might serve to set the color1 in some degree4 ,in earthen or tin4 #acbg4 ,to color ,black4--,logwood and cider1 boiled together1 in iron--add water for the evaporation--makes a good and durable black4 ,rusty nails1 or any bits of rusty iron1 boiled in vinegar1 with a small piece of copperas1 will also dye black2 so will ink-powder1 if boiled with vinegar4 ,in all cases1 black must be set with copperas4 #acbh4 ,general ,rules for ,coloring4--,the materials should be perfectly clean2 soap should be rinsed out in soft water2 the article should be entirely wetted1 or it will spot2 light colors should be steeped in brass1 tin1 or earthen2 and if set at all1 should be set with alum4 ,dark colors should be boiled in iron1 and set with copperas4 ,too much copperas rots the thread4 #acbi4 ,to ,wash ,carpets4--,put the carpets down on a perfectly clean floor2 wash them first with warm and weak soap-suds1 wringing the wash-cloth almost dry2 rinse them with clear water4 ,open the windows1 that they may dry quickly4 ,it is obvious that the above directions are only applicable to the lighter sorts of carpets1 ,scotch1 ,kidderminster1 and ,venetian4 ,if it be desired to cleanse a carpet which has an under-texture of thread1 as ,brussels1 tapestry1 or velvet1 the carpet having been well beaten or shaken1 and washed1 should be spread out1 and scrubbed with a scrubbing brush and ox-gall4 ,a pint of gall and three gallons of water will clean a large carpet4 ,after the use of the gall1 the carpet must be thoroughly rinsed1 and dried in the open air4 #accj4 ,to ,wash ,clothes1 on a small scale4--,for a wash for three persons put three-quarters of an ounce of soda in soap and water over the fire4 ,wash the clothes first in soap and water2 rub soap on the soiled or greasy places1 and throw them in the mixture4 ,let them boil an hour2 rinse them in clear1 cold water2 rinse them again in water with a little bluing in it4 ,if the clothes are much soiled1 put them to soak over night4 #acca4 ,washing of ,woollen ,articles2 an excellent way4--,it is a common complaint that woollen articles thicken1 shrink1 and become discolored in washing4 ,the complaint applies both to the lighter articles of knitted wool1 such as shawls1 c41 and to thicker and heavier materials--table baizes1 carpets1 and men's woollen garments4 ,the difficulty in either case may be obviated by strict attention to the method about to be explained4 ,to clear the way1 it may be well first to point out some things which never ought to be done1 but which frequently1 perhaps generally1 are done3-- #a4 ,woollen articles are never to be washed in hard water1 nor in water softened by soda1 potash1 or anything of that kind4 ,soap even should never touch them4 #b4 ,they are never to be rubbed at all4 #c4 ,they are never to be put in lukewarm water for washing1 nor in cold water for rinsing4 #d4 ,they are never to remain lying still in the water a single minute4 #e4 ,they are never to be wrung4 #f4 ,when taken out of the water1 they must not be laid down at all1 before the process of drying is commenced1 nor at any time afterwards until they are perfectly dry4 ,these things are to be avoided3--,now what is to be done8 #a4 ,let the things to be washed be first well brushed and shaken1 to get rid of the dust4 #b4 ,before the woollen things are wetted at all1 take care to have everything that will be required1 ready and within reach4 #c4 ,if several things are to be done1 let each be begun and finished separately4 ,this makes no difference in expense or trouble4 ,a smaller vessel and smaller quantity of lather will suffice1 and the stuff in which one article has been washed1 would do no good1 but harm1 to others2 it is1 in fact1 good for nothing4 #d4 ,use only fresh rain water1 or very clear river water2 rain is preferable4 #e4 ,with a piece of sponge or old flannel1 rub up a very strong lather of either soft soap or best yellow soap4 ,for very large1 greasy things1 the lather may be made of ox-gall1 half a pint to six quarts of water1 whisked up with a handful of birch twigs 7like that old-fashioned thing1 a rod74 ,in either case1 the lather may be prepared with a small quantity of water1 and the remainder added1 boiling hot1 the moment before using it4 ,the whole should be as hot as the hand can bear it2 the hotter the better4 ,if the articles are very dirty1 two lathers will be required in succession2 and unless a second person is at hand1 to rub up the second while the first is being used1 both had better be prepared in separate vessels before the wools are wetted1 leaving only the boiling water to be added4 #f4 ,take the article to be washed1 and without leaving hold of it1 keep on dipping and raising1 dipping and raising1 for two or three minutes4 ,by that time the lather will be absorbed by the wool1 and the liquor will resemble slimy suds4 #g4 ,squeeze the article as dry as may be1 without wringing it4 #h4 ,the second lather having been brought to the same heat as the first1 proceed in the same manner1 dipping and raising4 ,n4 ,b4--,if the article was very little soiled1 and after the first washing appears quite clear and clean1 the second washing may be in hot water without soap4 ,whether lather or water only1 a blue-bag may be slightly drawn through before the second washing4 ,when gall has been used1 a third washing in hot water only1 will be required to take off the smell4 #i4 ,having again squeezed the article as dry as may be1 for the lighter things1 such as shawls1 c41 spread it on a coarse dry cloth1 pulling it out to its proper shape2 lay over it another coarse dry cloth1 roll the whole up tightly1 and let it remain half an hour4 ,this rule does not apply to large1 heavy things2 they must be hung out at once4 #accb4 ,to make ,soft ,soap4--,bore some holes in your lye-barrel2 put some straw in the bottom2 lay some unslaked lime on it1 and fill your barrel with good hard-wood ashes2 wet it1 and pound it down as you put it in4 ,when full1 make a basin in the ashes and pour in water2 keep filling it as it sinks in the ashes4 ,in the course of a few hours the lye will begin to run4 ,when you have a sufficient quantity to begin with1 put your grease in a large iron pot1 let it heat1 pour in the lye1 let it boil1 c4 ,three pounds of clean grease are allowed for two gallons of soap4 #accc4--,of ,fish as ,food4--,as food1 fish is easier of digestion than meats are1 with the exception of salmon2 this kind of fish is extremely hearty food1 and should be given sparingly to children1 and used cautiously by those who have weak stomachs1 or who take little exercise4 ,the small trout1 found in rivers1 are the most delicate and suitable for invalids2 lake fish are also excellent1 and any kind of fresh-water fish1 if cooked immediately after being caught1 are always healthful4 ,but the ocean is the chief dependence for the fish-market1 and there is little danger 7if we except salmon and lobsters7 that its kind of aliment will1 in our country1 be eaten to excess4 ,it would be better for the health of those who do not labor1 if they would use more fish and less flesh for food4 ,but then fish cannot be rendered so palatable1 because it does not admit the variety of cooking and flavors that other animal food does4 ,fish is much less nutritious than flesh4 ,the white kinds of fish1 cod1 haddock1 flounders1 white fish1 c41 are the least nutritious2 the oily kinds1 salmon1 eels1 herrings1 c41 are more difficult to digest4 ,shell fish have long held a high rank as restorative food2 but a well-dressed chop or steak is much better to recruit the strength and spirits4 ,cod1 whiting1 and haddock1 are better for being a little salted1 and kept one day before cooking4 #accd4--,of ,beef as ,food4--,ox beef is considered the best2 heifer beef is excellent where well fed1 and is most suitable for small families4 ,if you want the best1 choose that which has a fine smooth grain--the lean of a bright red2 the fat white or nearly so4 ,the best roasting-piece is the sirloin2 then the first three ribs--if kept till they are quite tender1 and boned1 they are nearly equal to the sirloin1 and better for a family dinner4 ,the round is used for alamode beef1 and is the best piece for corning4 ,the best beef steak is cut from the inner part of the sirloin4 ,good steak may be cut from the ribs4 ,if you wish to practise economy1 buy the chuck1 or piece between the shoulder and the neck2 it makes a good roast or steak1 and is excellent for stewing or baking4 ,the thick part of the flank is also a profitable piece2 good to bake or boil1 or even roast4 ,the leg and shin of beef make the best soup--the heart is profitable meat1 and good broiled or roasted4 ,the leg rand is used for mince pies--it needs to be boiled till it is very tender4 ,the tongue1 when fresh1 is a rich part for mince pies4 ,if eaten by itself1 it should be pickled and smoked4 #acce4--,of ,pork as ,food4--,pork1 that is fed from the dairy1 and fattened on corn1 is the best--potatoes do very well for part of the feeding4 ,but pork fattened from the still-house is all but poisonous2 it should never be eaten by those who wish to preserve their health4 ,the offals1 c41 with which pork in the vicinity of a city is fattened1 make it unsavory and unwholesome4 ,such stuff should be used for manure1 and never given as food to animals1 whose flesh is to be eaten by man4 ,when pork is good1 the flesh looks very white and smooth1 and the fat white and fine4 ,hogs two years old make the best--older than that1 their flesh is apt to be rank4 ,measly pork is very unwholesome1 and never should be eaten4 ,it may be known1 as the fat is filled with small kernels4 ,when the rind is thick and tough1 and cannot easily be impressed with the finger1 the pork is old1 and will require more cooking4 ,if pork is not cooked enough1 it is disagreeable and almost indigestible2 it should never be eaten unless it is thoroughly done4 ,the fat parts of pork are not very healthy food4 ,those who labor hard may feel no inconvenience from this diet2 but children should never eat it2 nor is it healthy for the delicate and sedentary4 ,fat pork seems more proper as material for frying fish and other meats1 and as a garnish1 than to be cooked and eaten by itself4 ,it is best and least apt to prove injurious during the cold weather4 #accf4 ,of ,mutton4--,mutton is best from ,august till ,january4 ,it is nutritious1 and often agrees better than any other meat with weak stomachs4 ,to have it tender1 it must be kept as long as possible without injury4 ,be sure and cook it till it is done2 the gravy that runs when the meat is cut1 should never show the least tinge of blood4 #accg4 ,of using ,gravies4--,make it a general rule never to pour gravy over any thing that is roasted2 by so doing1 the dredging1 c41 is washed off and it eats insipid4 ,,some ,,hints ,,on ,,diet1 ,,exercise1 ,,and ,,economy4 #acch4 ,meat for ,children4--,lamb1 veal1 and fowls are delicate and healthy diet for the young and sedentary2 and for all who find fat meats and those of coarse fibre do not agree with them4 #acci4 ,economicals of ,cooking ,meats4--,the most economical way of cooking meat is to boil it1 if the liquid be used for soup or broth1 as it always ought to be4 ,baking is one of the cheapest ways of dressing a dinner in small families1 and several kinds of meat are excellent1 done in this way4 ,legs and loins of pork1 legs of mutton1 and fillets of veal will bake to much advantage2 especially if they be fat4 ,never bake a lean1 thin piece2 it will all shrivel away4 ,such pieces should always be boiled or made into soup4 ,pigs1 geese1 and the buttock of beef are all excellent baked4 ,meat always loses in weight by being cooked4--,in roasting1 the loss is the greatest4 ,it also costs more in fuel to roast than to boil--still there are many pieces of meat which seem made for roasting2 and it would be almost wrong to cook them in any other way4 ,those who cannot afford to roast their meat1 should not purchase the sirloin of beef4 ,stewing meat is an excellent and economical mode of cookery4 #acdj4 ,butter as ,diet4--,butter1 when new and sweet1 is nutritious1 and1 in our climate1 generally healthy2 during the winter1 when made very salt1 it is not a good article of diet for some people4 #acda4 ,condiments4--,pepper1 ginger1 and most of the condiments1 are best during summer2 they are productions of hot climates1 which shows them to be most appropriate for the hot season4 ,on the other hand1 fat beef1 bacon1 and those kinds of food we denominate hearty1 should be most freely used during cold weather4 #acdb4 ,eat ,slowly4--,eat slowly4 ,one of the most usual causes of dyspepsia among our business men1 arises from the haste in which they swallow their food without sufficiently chewing it1 and then hurry away to their active pursuits4 ,in ,england very little business is transacted after dinner4 ,there ought to be1 at least1 one hour of quiet after a full meal1 from those pursuits which tax the brain1 as well as those which exercise the muscles4 #acdc4 ,of ,breakfast4--,persons of a delicate constitution should never exercise much before breakfast4 ,if exposure of any kind is to be incurred in the morning1 breakfast should always be taken previously4 ,the system is more susceptible of infection and of the influence of cold1 miasma1 c41 in the morning before eating1 than at any other time4 ,those who walk early will find great benefit from taking a cracker or some little nourishment before going out4 ,never go into a room of a morning1 where a person is sick with a fever1 before you have taken nourishment of some kind--a cup of coffee1 at least4 ,in setting out early to travel1 a light breakfast before starting should always be taken2 it is a great protection against cold1 fatigue and exhaustion4 ,in boarding schools for the young and growing1 early breakfast is an indispensable condition to health4 ,children should not be kept without food in the morning till they are faint and weary4 #acdd4 ,of ,supper4--,never eat a hearty supper just before retiring to rest4 ,food should never be eaten when it is hot--bread is very unhealthy1 eaten in this way4 #acde4 ,of ,dinner4--,it is injurious to eat when greatly heated or fatigued4 ,it would very much conduce to the health of laboring men1 if they could rest fifteen or twenty minutes before dinner4 ,the diet should always be more spare1 with a larger proportion of vegetables and ripe fruits1 during summer4 ,fruits are most wholesome in their appropriate season4 ,the skins1 stones1 and seeds1 are indigestible4 ,rich soups are injurious to the dyspeptic4 ,much liquid food is rarely beneficial for adults2 but a small quantity of plain1 nourishing soup is an economical and healthy beginning of a family dinner4 ,meats should always be sufficiently cooked4 ,it is a savage custom to eat meat in a half-raw-half-roasted state1 and only a very strong stomach can digest it4 ,rich gravies should be avoided1 especially in the summer season4 #acdf4--,of ,drinks4--,most people drink too much1 because they drink too fast4 ,a wine-glass of water1 sipped slowly1 will quench the thirst as effectually as a pint swallowed at a draught4 ,when too much is taken at meals1 especially at dinner1 it hinders digestion4 ,better drink little during the meal1 and then1 if thirsty an hour or two afterwards1 more4 ,the practice of taking a cup of tea or coffee soon after dinner is a good one1 if the beverage be not drank too strong or too hot4 ,dyspeptic people should be careful to take but a small quantity of drink4 ,children require more1 in proportion to their food1 than adults4 ,but it is very injurious to them to allow a habit of continual drinking as you find in some children4 ,it greatly weakens the stomach1 and renders them irritable and peevish4 ,the morning meal requires to be lighter and of a more fluid nature than any other4 ,children should always1 if possible to be obtained1 take milk--as a substitute1 during the winter1 good gruel with bread1 or water1 sweetened with molasses1 is healthy4 ,never give children tea1 coffee1 or chocolate with their meals4 ,coffee affords very little nourishment1 and is apt1 if drank strong1 to occasion tremors of the nerves4 ,it is very bad for bilious constitutions4 ,the calm1 phlegmatic temperament can bear it4 ,with a good supply of cream and sugar1 drank in moderation1 by those who exercise much and take considerable solid food1 it may be used without much danger4 ,strong green tea relaxes the tone of the stomach1 and excites the nervous system4 ,persons of delicate constitution are almost sure to be injured by it4 ,black tea is much less deleterious4 ,if used with milk and sugar1 it may be considered healthy for most people4 ,chocolate1 when it agrees with the constitution1 is very nutritious and healthy4 ,but it seldom can be used steadily except by aged persons who are very active4 ,it agrees best with persons of phlegmatic temperament2 and is more healthy in the winter season than during warm weather4 ,no kind of beverage should be taken hot--it injures the teeth and impairs digestion4 #acdg4 ,a few ,rules for ,health4--,rise early4 ,eat simple food4 ,take plenty of exercise4 ,never fear a little fatigue4 ,let not children be dressed in tight clothes2 it is necessary their limbs and muscles should have full play1 if you wish for either health or beauty4 ,wash very often1 and rub the skin thoroughly with a coarse towel4 ,wash the eyes in cold water every morning4 ,do not read or sew at twilight1 or by too dazzling a light4 ,if far-sighted1 read with rather less light1 and with the book somewhat nearer to the eye1 than you desire4 ,if near-sighted1 read with a book as far off as possible4 ,both these imperfections may be diminished in this way4 ,clean teeth in pure water two or three times a day2 but1 above all1 be sure to have them clean before you go to bed4 ,have your bed-chamber well aired2 and have fresh bed linen every week4 ,never have the wind blowing directly upon you from open windows during the night4 ,it is not healthy to sleep in heated rooms4 ,wear shoes that are large enough4 ,it not only produces corns1 but makes the feet misshapen to cramp them4 ,avoid the necessity of a physician1 if you can1 by careful attention to your diet4 ,eat what best agrees with your system1 and resolutely abstain from what hurts you1 however well you may like it4 ,a few days' abstinence1 and cold water for a beverage1 with cold or warm bathing1 as the case may require1 have driven off many an approaching disease4 ,if you find yourself really ill1 send for a good physician4 ,have nothing to do with quacks2 and do not tamper with quack medicines4 ,you do not know what they are2 and what security have you that they know what they are8 #acdh4 ,a few ,remedies for ,sickness4--,the ague may be rendered milder by the timely use of an emetic1 given one hour before the fit is expected to return4 ,for this purpose1 one scruple of ipecacuanha may be given in an ounce of water4 ,after each return of vomiting1 give half a pint of tepid chamomile tea1 which may be repeated three or four times1 but not oftener4 ,when the disease has continued for some days1 and the force of the fever is weakened by emetics1 give to an adult the following preparation of bark3-- ,take of ,peruvian bark1 in fine-powder1 one ounce2 port wine1 one quart2 mix them1 and let them stand together for twelve hours4 ,shake the bottle1 and give four large spoonsful immediately after the hot stage of the disorder1 repeating it every second hour till the whole be taken2 unless the coming on of the next ague-fit should require its suspension4 #acdi4 ,hysteric ,affections4--,so numerous and various are the symptoms said to belong to this disease1 that it becomes difficult to mark its peculiar character4 ,it is frequently described by the patient1 as a round body moving in the bowels1 ascending to the stomach1 and from thence affecting the throat with a sense of stricture1 threatening suffocation4 ,the patient also complains of palpitation1 a costive habit1 cold feet and legs1 c4 ,to counteract the force of these attacks1 the bowels should be kept open by the following aperient mixture3-- ,take of infusion of senna1 one ounce and a half2 tincture of senna1 tincture of cardamoms1 of each half an ounce4 ,three large spoonsful to be taken occasionally4 ,the feet and legs should be kept warm1 the head cool2 the diet should consist chiefly of animal food of easy digestion1 as beef or mutton2 avoiding vegetables and malt liquor1 indeed everything that has a tendency to generate flatulency4 ,as a beverage1 weak brandy and water1 toast and water1 tea or coffee1 whichever suits the palate of the patient1 may be freely used4 ,much depends on the cause--as that varies1 so must the treatment4 ,a dash of cold water on the face will frequently put an end to the paroxysm4 #acej4 ,mumps are sometimes epidemic and manifestly contagious2 they come on with shivering and a sense of coldness1 followed by an increased heat1 and a considerable enlargement of the glands on each side the neck1 below the ear1 near to the angle of the jaw bone4 ,this swelling continues to increase until the fourth or fifth day1 when it gradually subsides2 but before it entirely disappears1 it often happens that other tumors take place in the breasts of women1 to which the male sex are also subject in different parts of the body4 ,they are more or less painful1 but commonly run their course without any alarming symptoms1 and therefore scarcely require any remedies4 ,this entirely depends on good nursing2 care should be taken to avoid exposure to cold air1 and no application should be used except a slight additional covering4 ,fomentations1 liniments1 blisters1 and whatever may have a tendency to check the regular process of this disease1 may occasion a sudden determination to the brain1 and prove fatal to the patient4 ,a spare diet1 gentle laxative medicines1 and a free use of weak diluting liquors1 are the best means to be employed2 these1 with a well-regulated temperature1 will generally guard off the secondary tumors4 ,but when the disease has been improperly managed1 and a determination to any vital part brought on1 send for the physician4 #acea4 ,measles frequently assume an alarming character1 too much so to entitle them to a place in the list of common casualties4 ,they are at all times too serious to be left1 with safety1 in the hands of the domestic practitioner4 ,medical aid1 therefore1 should be instantly sought for1 as much depends on proper management during the first stage of the fever4 ,the approach of this disease may be known1 by attending to the symptoms which precede the eruption1 in the following order3 ,first1 the patient complains of shivering1 with a sense of coldness1 a thin watery discharge from the nose1 hoarseness1 cough1 and a continued flow of tears from the eyes1 which appear red and inflamed4 ,these symptoms continue to increase in violence1 until the eruption is completed1 when they gradually subside4 ,as this disorder has frequently a putrid tendency1 which can only be counteracted by the scientific skill of the physician1 and which1 if neglected1 or improperly treated1 proves fatal1 there can be no excuse for not calling for his aid at the commencement of the attack4 ,but that no time may be lost1 should there be no physician present1 an emetic of some gentle kind may be given and repeated every half hour till vomiting be excited4 ,if it should not act on the bowels1 take mild aperient medicine every fourth hour2 but this is not to be repeated after a motion has been procured4 ,the patient should be kept in an equal temperature1 near sixty-four degrees of ,fahrenheit2 if exposed to a higher degree of heat1 the fever might be increased2 if to a lower temperature1 the cough and hoarseness would be aggravated4 ,wine1 or wine and water1 and all other fermented liquors must be avoided4 ,toast and water1 barley water1 apple-water1 rennet whey1 tamarind tea1 coffee1 tea1 or any other weak diluting beverage1 may be freely used1 provided they are of an equal warmth to milk when drawn from the cow2 also1 weak lemonade4 #aceb4 ,soothing ,beverage for a ,cough1 after ,measles4--,two ounces of figs1 two ounces of raisins1 two ounces of pearl barley1 and half an ounce of liquorice-root4 ,boil them together in a pint and a half of water1 and strain off the liquor4 ,a tea-cupful to be taken night and morning4 #acec4 ,costiveness may be relieved by a change of diet1 exercise on horseback1 or any other exercise in the open air1 or by taking one of the following pills an hour before dinner3-- ,take of ,socotrine aloes1 thirty grains2 gum mastic1 ten grains2 oil of wormwood1 one drop2 tincture of aloes1 a sufficient quantity to form the ingredients into a mass1 which must be divided into twelve pills4 ,this is an excellent dyspeptic pill1 and will afford great relief in all cases of weak digestion4 #aced4 ,remedies for ,dysentery4--,black or green tea1 steeped in boiling milk1 seasoned with nutmeg1 and best of loaf-sugar1 is excellent for the dysentery4 ,cork burnt to charcoal1 about as big as a hazel-nut1 macerated1 and put in a tea-spoonful of brandy1 with a little loaf sugar and nutmeg1 is very efficacious in cases of dysentery and cholera-morbus4 ,if nutmeg be wanting1 peppermint-water may be used4 ,flannel wet with brandy1 powdered with ,cayenne pepper1 and laid upon the bowels1 affords great relief in cases of extreme distress4 #acee4 ,another ,remedy4--,dissolve as much table-salt in keen vinegar as will ferment and work clear4 ,when the foam is discharged1 cork it up in a bottle1 and put it away for use4 ,a large spoonful of this1 in a gill of boiling water1 is very efficacious in cases of dysentery and colic4 #acef4 ,loss of ,appetite4--,this is generally symptomatic1 and varies according to the occasional cause4 ,the continued use of warm tea1 of wine1 or other spirituous liquors1 diluted with warm water1 or the use of warm water alone1 if long continued1 will occasion a relaxed state of the muscular coat of the stomach4 ,this organ also suffers from anxiety of mind1 a sedentary life1 or a costive habit2 from these and other causes it becomes weakened1 irritable1 and incapable of digesting the most simple food4 ,to restore the tone of the stomach1 first give this emetic3-- ,take of ipecacuanha1 in fine powder1 one scruple2 horse-radish tea1 two ounces4 ,mix them together4 ,between the times of the operation1 half a pint of horse-radish tea should be drank1 but not repeated oftener than twice or thrice4 ,afterwards keep the bowels regular by the following aperient pills3-- ,take1 rhubarb1 in fine powder1 carbonated kali1 of each thirty grains2 ginger1 in fine powder1 one scruple2 balsam of ,peru1 a sufficient quantity to form a mass2 divide it into twenty-four pills4 ,dose1 three or four every other night1 at bed-time4 ,at the same time1 to restore the tone of the digestive organs1 the following decoction should be taken3-- ,take of ,peruvian bark1 six drachms2 ,cascarilla bark1 two drachms4 ,bruise them in a mortar1 and boil them in a pint and a half of water for a few minutes2 strain off the liquor while hot1 then add tincture of bark1 two ounces2 diluted nitric acid1 a drachm and a half4 ,dose1 four large spoonsful1 three times a day4 #aceg4 ,cramp and ,spasm4--,it frequently happens that persons are extremely annoyed by cramp during the night1 which may be relieved by the following tincture3-- ,take of tincture of opium1 two drachms2 ether1 half an ounce4 ,mix them together1 and take thirty or forty drops every night1 at bed-time4 #aceh4 ,how to apply ,blisters4--,a considerable degree of pain and inflammation often follows the application of blisters1 which may be obviated1 by covering the blister-plaster with very thin muslin1 which will prevent any part of it remaining on the skin1 after the removal of the blister4 ,the muslin should be pressed down1 and rubbed with the finger upon the surface of the blister-plaster4 #acei4 ,mustard ,plasters--,should be covered with muslin1 or the poultice put in a cloth bag1 before being applied to the skin4 #acfj4 ,to prevent ,lock-jaw4--,immerse the part injured in strong lye1 as warm as can be borne4 ,but first1 as in all cases of wounds1 apply spirits of turpentine on lint4 #acfa4 ,for a ,stiff ,joint4--,an ointment made from the common ground-worms1 which boys dig to bait fishes1 rubbed on with the hand1 is said to be excellent1 when the sinews are drawn up by disease or from a sprain4 #acfb4 ,easy ,method of curing the ,scurvy4--,the root of the garden carrot abounds in a nutritious saccharine juice1 and is slightly aromatic4 ,these are desirable properties against the scurvy4 ,to experience the good effects of these properties1 the roots must be eaten raw4 ,there is nothing unpleasant in this2 on the contrary1 it is what the common people often do by choice4 ,these roots would keep well during the longest voyage1 packed up in casks1 having the interstices filled with sand4 ,each sailor might be allowed to eat one root every day1 or every other day1 according to the state of their health1 and the quantity of roots on board4 #acfc4 ,to make ,cliver1 or ,goose-grass ,ointment2 remarkable for its salutary effects in cases of inveterate ,scurvy4--,to a pound of hog's-lard melted1 without spice or salt1 put as much clivers as the lard will moisten1 and boil them together over a slow fire2 after stirring it till it becomes a little brown1 strain it through a cloth2 and when cold1 take the ointment from the water that will remain at the bottom1 and it will be fit for use4 #acfd4 ,easy ,method of attracting ,ear-wigs from the ,ear4--,a person lately having an earwig crept into his ear1 and knowing the peculiar fondness that insect has to apples1 immediately applied a piece of apple to the ear1 which enticed the creature out1 and thereby prevented the alarming consequences which might have otherwise ensued4 #acfe4 ,simple remedies for ,scarlet ,fever4--,open the bowels regularly every day1 with some mild aperient medicine1 such as castor oil1 senna1 etc41 and keep the patient at rest1 and comfortably warm2 sponge the surface with tepid water1 two or three times a day2 while it is hotter than natural1 admit fresh air2 live on a bland diet1 such as a cup full of arrow-root1 several times a day2 toast-water for common drink4 ,gargle made of strong sage tea1 honey and alum1 or borax1 may be used from the commencement1 if the throat is affected4--,dr4 ,t4 ,p4 ,hereford4 #acff4 ,the ,french ,method of making ,whey4--,mix together equal parts of best vinegar and cold water2 a table-spoonful of each will suffice for a pint of milk4 ,it is not1 however1 all to be put in1 whether necessary or not2 but when the milk just boils1 pour in just as much of the acid as will turn it1 and no more4 ,beat up together the white and shell of one egg1 which boil up in the whey4 ,then set it aside till quite clear4 ,pour it off very steadily through a muslin strainer4 ,sweeten to taste with loaf-sugar4 ,this whey is very pleasant1 and answers every good purpose of white wine whey1 while it is not liable to the objection of being heating1 and is also very much less expensive4 #acfg4 ,calves'-feet ,jelly4--,take two calves' feet1 and add to them one gallon of water2 which reduce1 by boiling1 to one quart4 ,strain it1 and when cold skim the fat entirely off4 ,add to this the white of six or eight eggs1 well beaten1 half a pint of wine1 half a pound of loaf-sugar1 and the juice of four lemons1 and let them be well mixed4 ,boil the whole for a few minutes1 stirring it constantly1 and then pass it through a flannel strainer4 ,this forms a very nutritious article of diet for the sick and convalescent4 ,when it is desired1 the wine can be omitted4--,ellis4 #acfh4 ,chicken ,water4--,take half a chicken1 divested of all fat1 and break the bones2 add to this half a gallon of water1 and boil for fifteen or twenty minutes4 ,season with salt4 ,this was freely employed by the late ,dr4 ,parrish in cholera at its commencement4 ,taken warm1 it produces vomiting1 and washes out the stomach4 #acfi4 ,essence of ,beef4--,put into a porter bottle a sufficient quantity of lean beef1 sliced1 to fill up its body1 cork it with a paper stopple1 and place it in a pot of cold water1 attaching the neck1 by means of a string1 to the handle of the vessel4 ,boil this for three-quarters of an hour1 then pour off the liquor1 and skim it4 ,to this preparation may be added spices and salt4 #acgj4 ,a very reviving ,odor4--,fill with recently gathered1 and dried lavender-flowers1 stripped from their stalks1 small wide-necked scent-bottles1 and just cover them with strong acetic acid4 ,a morsel of camphor1 the size of a hazel-nut1 may be added1 with advantage1 to the lavender1 in each bottle4 ,sound1 new1 and closely fitting corks should be used1 to secure the mixture from the air4 ,it is exceedingly refreshing and wholesome1 and has often proved very acceptable to invalids4 ,the lavender should be gathered for it before it is quite fully blown4 #acga4 ,easy ,method of obtaining ,water in almost any situation4--,the ground must be perforated by a borer4 ,in the perforation is placed a wooden pipe1 which is driven down with a mallet1 after which the boring is continued1 that the pipe may be driven still farther4 ,in proportion as the cavity of the borer becomes loaded1 it is drawn up and emptied2 and in time1 by the addition of new portions of wooden pipe1 the boring is carried to any depth1 and water is generally obtained4 #acgb4 ,method of ,draining ,ponds in ,level ,grounds4--,at a certain distance below the surface of the earth1 there sometimes is a stratum of loose sand1 which freely admits the passage of water4 ,this stratum is at various depths1 in different elevations2 but it will be generally found1 that lands most subject to stagnant ponds have but a shallow stratum of clay over the sand4 ,all that is necessary1 therefore1 is to dig a pit in the bottom of the pond1 till you arrive at this stratum of sand1 when the water will be immediately absorbed1 and the pond emptied4 #acgc4 ,to preserve ,fishing-rods4--,oil your rods1 in summer1 with linseed oil1 drying them in the sun1 and taking care the parts lie flat3 they should be often turned1 to prevent them from warping4 ,this will render them tough1 and prevent their being worm-eaten2 in time they will acquire a beautiful brown color4 ,should they get wet1 which swells the wood1 and makes it fast in the sockets1 turn the part round over the flame of a candle a short time1 and it will be easily set at liberty4 #acgd4 ,to gild ,letters on ,vellum or ,paper4--,letters written on vellum or paper are gilded in three ways2 in the first1 a little size is mixed with the ink1 and the letters are written as usual2 when they are dry1 a slight degree of stickiness is produced by breathing on them1 upon which the gold leaf is immediately applied1 and by a little pressure may be made to adhere with sufficient firmness4 ,in the second method1 some white-lead or chalk is ground up with strong size1 and the letters are made with this by means of a brush2 when the mixture is almost dry1 the gold leaf may be laid on1 and afterwards burnished4 ,the last method is to mix up some gold powder with size1 and make the letters of this by means of a brush4 #acge4 ,to make ,pounce4--,gum-sandarac1 powdered and sifted very fine1 will produce an excellent preventive to keep ink from sinking in the paper after you have had occasion to scratch out any part of the writing4 #acgf4 ,another ,method4--,cuttle-fish bone1 properly dried1 one ounce2 best rosin1 one ounce2 and the same quantity of burnt alum1 well incorporated together1 will make very good pounce equal1 if not superior1 to any bought at the shops4 #acgg4 ,to cut ,glass4--,take a red-hot shank of a tobacco-pipe1 lay it on the edge of your glass1 which will then begin to crack2 then draw the shank end a little gently before1 and it will follow any way you draw your hand4 #acgh4 ,mrs4 ,hooker's ,method of preparing and applying a ,composition for ,painting in ,imitation of the ,ancient ,grecian ,manner4--,put into a glazed earthen vessel four ounces and a half of gum arabic1 and eight ounces1 or half a pint 7wine measure7 of cold spring water2 when the gum is dissolved1 stir in seven ounces of gum-mastic1 which has been washed1 dried1 picked1 and beaten fine4 ,set the earthen vessel containing the gum-water and gum-mastic over a slow fire1 continually stirring and beating them hard with a spoon1 in order to dissolve the gum-mastic2 when sufficiently boiled1 it will no longer appear transparent1 but will become opaque and stiff1 like a paste4 ,as soon as this is the case1 and the gum-water and mastic are quite boiling1 without taking them off the fire1 add five ounces of white wax1 broken into small pieces1 stirring and heating the different ingredients together1 till the wax is perfectly melted1 and has boiled4 ,then take the composition off the fire1 as boiling it longer than necessary would only harden the wax1 and prevent its mixing so well afterwards with water4 ,when the composition is taken off the fire1 and in the glazed earthen vessel1 it should be beaten hard1 and whilst hot 7but not boiling7 mix with it1 by degrees1 a pint 7wine measure7 or sixteen ounces more of cold spring water2 then strain the composition1 as some dirt will boil out of the gum-mastic1 and put it into bottles4 ,the composition1 if properly made1 should be like a cream1 and the colors when mixed with it as smooth as with oil4 ,the method of using it1 is to mix with the composition1 upon an earthen pallet1 such colors in powder1 as are used in painting with oil1 and such a quantity of the composition to be mixed with the colors as to render them of the usual consistency of oil colors2 then paint with fair water4 ,the colors1 when mixed with the composition1 may be laid on either thick or thin1 as may best suit your subject2 on which account1 this composition is very advantageous1 where any particular transparency of coloring is required2 but in most cases it answers best if the colors be laid on thick1 and they require the same use of the brush as if painting with body colors1 and the same brushes as used in oil painting4 ,the colors1 if ground dry1 when mixed with the composition1 may be used by putting a little fair water over them2 but it is less trouble to put some water when the colors are observed to be growing dry4 ,in painting with this composition1 the colors blend without difficulty when wet1 and even when dry the tints may easily be united by means of a brush and a very small quantity of fair water4 ,when the painting is finished1 put some white wax into a glazed earthen vessel over a slow fire1 and when melted1 but not boiling1 with a hard brush cover the painting with the wax1 and when cold take a moderately hot iron1 such as is used for ironing linen1 and so cold as not to hiss1 if touched with anything wet1 and draw it lightly over the wax4 ,the painting will appear as if under a cloud till the wax is perfectly cold1 as also whatever the picture is painted upon is quite cold2 but if1 when so1 the painting should not appear sufficiently clear1 it may be held before the fire1 so far from it as to melt the wax but slowly2 or the wax may be melted by holding a hot poker at such a distance as to melt it gently1 especially such parts of the picture as should not appear sufficiently transparent or brilliant2 for the oftener heat is applied to the picture1 the greater will be the transparency and brilliancy of coloring2 but the contrary effect would be produced if too sudden or too great a degree of heat was applied1 or for too long a time1 as it would draw the wax too much to the surface1 and might likewise crack the paint4 ,should the coat of wax put over the painting1 when finished1 appear in any part uneven1 it may be remedied by drawing a moderately hot iron over it again1 as before-mentioned1 or even by scraping the wax with a knife2 and should the wax1 by too great or too long application of heat1 form into bubbles at particular places1 by applying a poker heated1 or even a tobacco-pipe made hot1 the bubbles would subside2 or such defects may be removed by drawing anything hard over the wax1 which would close any small cavities4 ,when the picture is cold1 rub it with a fine linen cloth4 ,paintings may be executed in this manner upon wood 7having first pieces of wood let in behind1 across the grain of the wood1 to prevent its warping71 canvas1 card1 or plaster of ,paris4 ,the plaster of ,paris would require no other preparation than mixing some fine plaster of ,paris1 in powder1 with cold water1 the thickness of a cream2 then put it on a looking-glass1 having first made a frame of bees'-wax on the looking-glass1 the form and thickness you would wish the plaster of ,paris to be of1 and when dry take it off1 and there will be a very smooth surface to paint upon4 ,wood and canvas are best covered with some gray tint1 mixed with the same composition of gum-arabic1 gum mastic1 and wax1 and of the same sort of colors as before-mentioned1 before the design is begun1 in order to cover the grain of the wood or the threads of the canvas4 ,paintings may also be done in the same manner1 with only gum-water and gum-mastic1 prepared the same way as the mastic and wax2 but instead of putting seven ounces of mastic1 and1 when boiling1 adding five ounces of wax1 mix twelve ounces of gum-mastic with the gum-water1 prepared as mentioned in the first part of this receipt2 before it is put on the fire1 and when sufficiently boiled and beaten1 and is a little cold1 stir in1 by degrees1 twelve ounces1 or three-quarters of a pint 7wine measure7 of cold spring water1 and afterwards strain it4 ,it would be equally practicable painting with wax alone1 dissolved in gum-water in the following manner3 ,take twelve ounces1 or three-quarters of a pint 7wine measure7 of cold spring water1 and four ounces and a half of gum-arabic1 put them into a glazed earthen vessel1 and when the gum is dissolved1 add eight ounces of white wax4 ,put the earthen vessel1 with the gum-water and wax1 upon a slow fire1 and stir them till the wax is dissolved1 and has boiled a few minutes2 then take them off the fire1 and throw them into a basin1 as by remaining in the hot earthen vessel the wax would become rather hard2 beat the gum-water and wax till quite cold4 ,as there is but a small proportion of water in comparison to the quantity of gum and wax1 it would be necessary1 in mixing this composition with the colors1 to put also some fair water4 ,should the composition be so made as to occasion the ingredients to separate in the bottle1 it will become equally serviceable1 if shaken before used1 to mix with the colors4 #acgi4 ,the ,best ,season for ,painting ,houses4--,the outside of buildings should be painted during autumn or winter4 ,hot weather injures the paint by drying in the oil too quickly2 then the paint will easily rub off4 ,but when the paint is laid on during cold weather1 it hardens in drying1 and is firmly set4 #achj4 ,a cheap and simple ,process for ,painting on ,glass1 sufficient for the purpose of making a ,magic ,lanthorn4--,take good clear resin1 any quantity1 melt it in an iron pot2 when melted entirely1 let it cool a little1 and before it begins to harden1 pour in oil of turpentine sufficient to keep it liquid when cold4 ,in order to paint with it1 let it be used with colors ground in oil1 such as are commonly sold in color shops4 #acha4 ,to make ,phosphorus4--,two-third parts of quick-lime 7i4e4 calcined oyster-shells71 and one-third of flour of brimstone1 put into a crucible for an hour1 and exposed to the air for an hour1 become phosphorus4 #achb4 ,to make an ,illuminated or ,phosphoric ,bottle1 which will preserve its ,light for several months4--,by putting a piece of phosphorus1 the size of a pea1 into a phial1 and adding boiling oil until the bottle is a third full1 a luminous bottle is formed2 for1 on taking out the cork1 to admit atmospheric air1 the empty space in the phial will become luminous4 ,whenever the stopper is taken out in the night1 sufficient light will be evolved to show the hour upon a watch2 and if care be taken to keep it1 in general1 well closed1 it will preserve its illuminative power for several months4 #achc4 ,to ,marble ,books or ,paper4--,marbling of books or paper is performed thus3--,dissolve four ounces of gum arabic in two quarts of fair water2 then provide several colors mixed with water in pots or shells1 and with pencils peculiar to each color2 sprinkle them by way of intermixture upon the gum-water1 which must be put into a trough1 or some broad vessel2 then1 with a stick1 curl them1 or draw them out in streaks to as much variety as may be done4 ,having done this1 hold your book1 or books1 close together1 and only dip the edges in1 on the top of the water and colors1 very lightly2 which done1 take them off1 and the plain impression of the colors in mixture will be upon the leaves2 doing as well the ends as the front of the book in like manner1 and afterwards glazing the colors4 #achd4 ,to ,write ,secretly on a ,pocket ,handkerchief4--,dissolve alum in pure water1 and write upon a fine white handkerchief1 which1 when dry1 will not be seen at all2 but when you would have the letters visible1 dip the handkerchief in pure water1 and it will be of a wet appearance all over1 except where it was written on with the alum water4 ,you may also write with alum water upon writing paper1 which will not be visible till dipped in water4 #ache4 ,to keep ,insects out of ,bird-,cages4--,tie up a little sulphur in a silk bag1 and suspend it in the cage4 ,for mocking-birds this is essential to their health2 and the sulphur will keep all the red ants and other insects from cages of all kinds of birds4 ,red ants will never be found in a closet or drawer1 if a small bag of sulphur is kept constantly in these places4 #achf4 ,of ,books1 ,mental ,cultivation1 c4--,our work would be incomplete1 without some reference to mental as well as material improvement4 ,in truth1 we have aimed1 throughout this and a former book1,c to make the connection between the cultivation of the mental faculties and true household economy apparent4 ,to work properly1 we must think rightly4 ,science is as necessary in the kitchen as in the laboratory4 ,the reason why men cooks are preferred above women cooks1 and better paid1 is1 the former study their art as a science4 ,knowledge is power1 in domestic life as well as in the political arena4 ,let the woman elevate her position by her learning2 let her understand the nature and influence of her daily employments1 cultivating her taste and refining her manners by the true standard of moral excellence2 thus making her home-pursuits conduce to the harmony and happiness of the general plan of life in which she1 the wife and mother1 is the centre of attraction and volition1 and how important for humanity her sphere becomes4 #achg4 ,choice of ,reading4--,never keep house without books4 ,life is not life to any great purpose where books are not4 ,the ,,bible is indispensable4 ,out of its treasures of ,divine wisdom all best human wisdom is derived or directed4 ,then have other books1 as your means permit4 ,if these are rightly chosen1 every volume will be a teacher1 a friend--a fountain1 from whence may be drawn sweet streams of pleasure and profit4 ,poetry1 story1 biography1 history1 essays1 and religious works--,i name these in the order a child chooses books--all are needed4 ,american literature--that is1 books on subjects connected with our own country1 should be first in our reading4 ,bancroft's ,history of the ,united ,states1 ,sparkes' ,american ,biographies1 ,lippincott's ,cabinet ,histories of the ,states1 ,mrs4 ,ellet's ,women of the ,revolution--these should be accessible to every family in the ,union4 ,read on every subject connected with your own pursuits and employments4 ,knowledge will aid you even in hand labor2 and a good book is a safe refuge in idle hours4 #achh4 ,of ,periodicals and ,newspapers4--,every family should take a newspaper2 this1 the lady of the house should insist upon--kindly1 to be sure2 for a pleasant request is as powerful as a soft answer in turning away wrath4 ,men1 usually1 are willing to subscribe for a paper1 though some are indifferent to this great source of family instruction as well as pleasure2 but they forget1 when the year comes round1 to renew their subscription in the right way4 ,so the women of the family should be sure to remember the printer4 ,another important source of family improvement is the periodicals or monthly magazines4 ,these are now1 thanks to the cheap postage system1 accessible to the dwellers in the most remote places of our wide land4 ,as a work for our own sex1 ,godey's ,lady's ,book is the best that can be taken in a family1 because it furnishes information on every branch of home duties and pursuits2 and moreover1 upholds that pure standard of morals in its lightest fiction1 which renders it a safe enjoyment for the young4 ,many other periodicals might be named1 all excellent of their kind1 and where the expense can be afforded1 each household should obtain one or more of these4 ,a better way would be for a neighborhood to unite and take a half dozen different publications1 securing the inestimable advantage of reading every month the best religious1 medical1 agricultural1 scientific1 literary1 and illustrated magazines--thus keeping up with the progress of art1 the march of mind1 the material advancement1 and the moral improvement of the world4 #achi4 ,how can we ,pay for the ,magazines8--,is the question with many families4 ,very easily1 if you have the will--one half of the money spent on tobacco would1 if laid out in books1 soon give every family a library4 ,and1 young ladies1 if you cannot persuade your brothers to throw aside their cigars1 and subscribe1 why1 look over this book1 and see1 if from its economical hints you cannot devise some plan of earning or saving1 whereby you may be able to pay for the magazines4 ,do this one year2 husband or brother will then be ready to aid4 ,woman has everything to gain from ,christian civilization2 she should lead the way4 ,,part ,,viii4 ,,elegant ,,and ,,ingenious ,,arts1 ,,etc4 ,water-,colors--,potichomanie--,grecian ,painting--,diaphanic ,feather ,flowers--,sea-,weeds--,botanical ,specimens--,leaves--,plants--,fungi--,t ransferring--,etching--,staining --,leather-work--,games1 etc4 #acij4 ,home ,pursuits1 etc4--,see ,part ,,iii41 page #aea4 #acia4 ,accomplishments4--,these are very desirable for the household1 because the inmates are made happier by refined and ingenious arts and pursuits1 and are fitted to improve the taste of others4 #acib4 ,children and young persons1 of both sexes1 should learn as many of these arts as they possibly can without neglecting duties4 ,pleasant modes of employing leisure hours save people from many temptations1 and add much to the happiness of life4 ,,water-,,colors ,,used ,,in ,,drawing4 #acic4 ,indian ,ink4--,the best is stamped with ,chinese characters1 breaks with a glossy fracture1 and feels smooth when rubbed on the plate4 #acid4 ,hair ,pencils are made of camel's-hair2 if they come to a point1 when moistened1 without splitting1 they are good4 #acie4 ,drawing ,paper4--,that made without any wire marks1 and called wove paper1 is the best2 it is made of various sizes and thicknesses4 #acif4 ,to make a good ,white4--,clarify white lead with white-wine vinegar4 ,after the powder has settled1 pour off the vinegar1 put the powder into a glass of water1 stir it1 and pour the water off while it is white into another glass2 when it is settled1 pour off the water1 and an excellent white will be obtained4 ,to this add gum enough to give it a gloss4 ,,directions ,,for ,,mixed ,,colors4 #acig4 ,ash ,color4--,ceruse white1 ,keating's black and white1 shaded with cherry-stone black4 #acih4 ,bay4--,lake and flake white1 shaded with carmine2 bistre and vermilion shaded with black4 #acii4 ,changeable ,silk4--,red lead and masticot water1 shaded with sap-green and verdigris4 #adjj4 ,another4--,lake and yellow1 shaded with lake and ,prussian blue4 #adja4 ,cloud ,color4--,light masticot1 or lake and white1 shaded with blue verditer4 #adjb4 ,another4--,constant white and ,indian ink1 and a little vermilion4 #adjc4 ,another4--,white1 with a little lake and blue verditer1 make a good cloud color for that part next the horizon4 #adjd4 ,crimson4--,lake and white1 with a little vermilion1 shaded with lake and carmine4 #adje4 ,flame ,color4--,vermilion and orpiment1 heightened with white4 #adjf4 ,another4--,gamboge1 shaded with minium and red lead4 #adjg4 ,flesh ,color4--,ceruse1 red lead1 and lake1 for a swarthy complexion1 and yellow ochre4 #adjh4 ,another4--,constant white and a little carmine1 shaded with ,spanish liquorice washed with carmine4 #adji4 ,french ,green4--,light pink and ,dutch bice1 shaded with green pink4 #adaj4 ,glass ,grey4--,ceruse1 with a little blue of any kind4 #adaa4 ,hair ,color4--,musticot1 ochre1 umber1 ceruse1 and cherry-stone black4 #adab4 ,lead ,color4--,indigo and white4 #adac4 ,light ,blue4--,blue bice1 heightened with flake white4 #adad4 ,another4--,blue verditer1 and white of any sort1 well ground4 #adae4 ,light ,green4--,pink1 smalt1 and white4 #adaf4 ,another4--,blue verditer and gamboge4 #adag4 ,another4--,gamboge and verdigris4 ,this is chiefly used for the ground colors of trees1 fields1 c4 #adah4 ,lion ,tawny4--,red lead and masticot1 shaded with umber4 #adai4 ,murrey4--,lake and white lead4 #adbj4 ,orange4--,red lead and a little masticot1 shaded with umber4 #adba4 ,orange ,tawny4--,lake1 light pink1 a little masticot1 shaded with gall-stone and lake4 #adbb4 ,pearl ,color4--,carmine1 a little white1 shaded with lake4 #adbc4 ,popinjay ,green4--,green and masticot2 or pink and a little indigo1 shaded with indigo4 #adbd4 ,purple4--,indigo1 ,spanish brown1 and white2 or blue bice1 red and white lead2 or blue bice and lake4 #adbe4 ,russet4--,cherry-stone black and white4 #adbf4 ,scarlet4--,red lead and lake1 with or without vermilion4 #adbg4 ,sea ,green4--,bice1 pink and white1 shaded with pink4 #adbh4 ,sky ,color4--,light masticot and white1 for the lowest and lightest parts2 second1 red ink and white2 third1 blue bice and white2 fourth1 blue bice alone4 ,these are all to be softened into one another at the edges1 so as not to appear harsh4 #adbi4 ,sky ,color for ,drapery4--,blue bice and ceruse1 or ultramarine and white1 shaded with indigo4 #adcj4 ,straw ,color4--,masticot and a very little lake1 shaded with ,dutch pink4 #adca4 ,yellow ,color4--,indigo1 white1 and lake2 or fine ,dutch bice and lake1 shaded with indigo2 or litmus smalt and bice1 the latter predominant4 #adcb4 ,water4--,blue and white1 shaded with blue1 and heightened with white4 #adcc4 ,another4--,blue verdigris1 shaded with indigo1 and heightened with white4 #adcd4 ,to prevent ,colors from ,cracking4--,boil two ounces of the best and clearest glue1 with one pint of clear water1 and a half an ounce of alum1 till dissolved4 ,with this temper those colors intended for the sky4 #adce4 ,to make a ,solution of ,gum4--,dissolve an ounce of white gum arabic1 and half an ounce of double refined sugar1 in a quart of spring water2 strain it through a piece of muslin1 and bottle it to keep it free from dust4 #adcf4 ,to keep ,flies from the ,work4--,having prepared the gum water for the colors1 add a little coloquintida4 #adcg4 ,to prepare ,alum ,water4--,take four ounces of alum1 and a pint of spring water2 boil it till the alum is thoroughly dissolved1 and then filter it through blotting-paper4 #adch4 ,to use ,alum ,water4--,before laying on the colors1 take some of this water1 hot1 and with a sponge wet the back of the paper1 which1 if not good1 must be wet three or four times1 letting the paper dry each time before wetting it again4 ,this will prevent the sinking of the colors1 and give them additional lustre4 #adci4 ,to make ,lime ,water4--,put unslaked lime in a well-glazed pan2 cover it with pure water1 and let it remain for one day4 ,then strain off the water4 ,this water will change sap-green into blue4 ,,to ,,prepare ,,wash ,,colors ,,for ,,maps4 #addj4 ,blue4--,dilute ,saxon blue with water2 or to the solution of litmus add distilled vinegar4 #adda4 ,green4--,dissolve verdigris in distilled water and add gum arabic4 #addb4 ,or1 dissolve sap-green in water and add gum4 #addc4 ,red4--,steep ,brazil dust in vinegar1 with alum4 ,or1 dissolve litmus in water and add spirit of wine4 #addd4 ,or1 steep cochineal in water1 strain1 and add gum4 #adde4 ,yellow4--,dissolve gamboge in water2 or ,french berries steeped in water the liquor strained1 and gum arabic added4 ,,to ,,mix ,,water-,,colors ,,for ,,animals4 #addf4 ,horses1 ,black4--,black lightly laid on1 shaded with ,keating's black and bistre1 heightened with masticot4 #addg4 ,horses1 ,chestnut ,brown4--,red ochre and black mixed together1 shaded with black1 heightened with red ochre and white4 #addh4 ,horses1 ,gray4--,black and white mixed1 shaded with black1 white1 and bistre2 heightened with pure water4 #addi4 ,lions4--,color much in the same manner as horses1 adding lake in the ground color4 #adej4 ,bears4--,brown ochre1 red ochre1 and black1 mixed2 shaded with bistre and ivory black4 #adea4 ,wolves4--,spanish liquorice and black1 shaded with black4 #adeb4 ,asses4--,black and white mixed2 or1 add a little brown ochre1 shaded with black4 #adec4 ,elephants4--,black1 white1 and ,spanish liquorice1 mixed2 shaded with black and bistre2 the inner part of the nose1 vermilion and white1 shaded with black4 #aded4 ,monkeys4--,dutch pink and black1 heightened with masticot and white3 the face1 black and bistre mixed1 as also their feet2 their bodies1 shaded underneath with black and pink mixed with a little brown ochre4 ,,fruit ,,in ,,water ,,colors4 #adee4 ,apples4--,thin masticot mixed with verdigris1 shaded with brown ochre4 #adef4 ,cherries4--,vermilion and lake1 shaded with carmine1 heightened with vermilion and white4 #adeg4 ,grapes1 ,blue4--,dark purple shaded with blue2 the bloom1 bice4 #adeh4 ,grapes1 ,white4--,verdigris and masticot mixed1 shaded with thin verdigris heightened with masticot and white4 #adei4 ,peaches4--,thin masticot shaded with brown ochre2 the bloom1 lake heightened with white4 #adfj4 ,pears4--,masticot deepened and mellowed with brown ochre4 #adfa4 ,strawberries4--,white2 draw it over with vermilion and lake1 shaded with fine lake1 heightened with red lead and masticot mixed1 and then with white2 stipple them with white and thin lead4 ,,to ,,paint ,,flowers4 #adfb4 ,anemones4--,a thin wash of gamboge shaded with bistre2 or carmine and sap-green blended together4 ,the stripes carmine1 shaded with the same2 indigo in the darkest parts1 or stipple with it4 #adfc4 ,leaves4--,sap green1 shaded with indigo and ,french berries2 the stalk brown4 #adfd4 ,honeysuckles4--,inside of the petals1 white shaded with sap-green1 or gamboge and bistre4 #adfe4 ,the insides are to be shown by curling the leaves back at the ends1 or by splitting them4 #adff4 ,the outsides1 a thin wash of carmine and lake mixed1 shaded with carmine--indigo for the darkest shades4 #adfg4 ,stalks4--,sap-green and carmine4 #adfh4 ,leaves4--,sap-green1 shaded with indigo and ,french berries4 #adfi4 ,roses4--,a light tint of pure carmine1 over which another equally light of ,peruvian blue2 proceed with the darker shades of carmine of the best sort4 #adgj4 ,in the darkest part of the flower add a little indigo to give a roundness4 ,if the seeds are seen lay on gamboge1 shaded with gall-stone4 #adga4 ,leaves4--,upper side1 sap-green1 shaded with indigo and ,french berries mixed2 under-side1 white indigo and sap green mixed1 shaded with the same4 #adgb4 ,stalks4--,sap-green and carmine1 shaded with indigo4 #adgc4 ,rose-buds4--,a pale wash of carmine1 shaded with a stronger wash of the same4 #adgd4 ,stalks and leaves1 sap green with a slight wash of carmine4 ,,birds ,,in ,,water-,,colors4 #adge4 ,eagles4--,black and brown1 shaded with indigo2 feathers heightened by brown ochre and white2 beak and claws saffron1 shaded with bistre2 eyes vermilion1 heightened with masticot or saffron1 shaded with vermilion4 #adgf4 ,geese4--,ceruse shaded with black2 legs1 black2 bill1 red4 #adgg4 ,owls4--,ochre mixed with white1 in different shades2 legs1 yellow ochre4 #adgh4 ,pheasants4--,white and black mixed2 legs1 ,dutch pink1 shaded with black4 #adgi4 ,swans4--,white shaded with black2 the legs and bills black2 eyes yellow2 a ball in the midst4 #adhj4 ,turkeys4--,back1 black and white mixed1 shaded off to a white underneath2 sprinkled and shaded with black4 ,,landscapes ,,in ,,water-,,colors4 #adha4 ,sketch the outlines faintly with a black-lead pencil4 ,then color4 #adhb4 ,colors4--,the most useful are3 lake1 burnt ochre1 gamboge1 indigo1 light red1 sepia1 ,prussian blue1 sienna1 and burnt umber4 #adhc4 ,the gray color is made of burnt umber1 indigo1 and lake2 each rubbed separately in a saucer1 and then so mixed in a fourth saucer as to produce the exact color--a warm gray4 ,this is thinned for the light tints1 as sky and distances4 ,deeper is to be used for the shadows and near parts1 softening with water till the exact effect is produced4 #adhd4 ,buildings are sometimes tinted with a mixture of lake and gamboge4 ,burnt ochre is also used4 ,the shadows have an excess of lake4 #adhe4 ,breadths of ,light are obtained by destroying the scattered lights with grays4 #adhf4 ,clouds are produced by a thin mixture of indigo and lake4 ,they should be tinted with sepia4 ,the lower or horizontal clouds are tinged with ultramarine4 #adhg4 ,figures are touched with lake and indigo4 #adhh4 ,force is acquired by adding sepia to indigo1 in the cold parts1 and sepia with lake to the glowing parts4 #adhi4 ,grass is washed with a mixture of burnt sienna1 indigo1 and gamboge2 that in shadow has more indigo4 ,grass and bushes may be brought out by a tint of gamboge2 distances may be heightened by lake4 #adij4 ,hills1 retiring4--,tint the whole with weak blue2 then the nearer ones with indigo and lake2 add a little gamboge to the next1 keeping one subordinate to the other2 the most distant being lost in the aerial tints4 #adia4 ,land1 distant4--,ultramarine and lake4 ,ground near is tinted with ochre4 #adib4 ,road and ,paths4--,a mixture of lake1 burnt umber1 and burnt sienna4 ,it may be tinted with ochre4 #adic4 ,smoke4--,lake and indigo4 #adid4 ,trees1 distant4--,ultramarine1 with a wash of indigo1 gamboge1 and burnt sienna1 tinted with gray4 ,the middle distance trees have a thin wash of burnt sienna and gamboge4 ,nearer trees a wash of burnt sienna1 indigo1 and gamboge4 ,in the shadows more indigo is used4 #adie4 ,opposing masses of trees are tinted with sepia and indigo4 #adif4 ,windows4--,indigo and burnt umber4 ,,potichomanie4 #adig4 ,this elegant accomplishment1 which has become so extremely popular and fashionable1 promises not only to supercede altogether many of those meretricious accomplishments which have hitherto absorbed the attention of our fair countrywomen1 but to rank among the fine arts4 #adih4 ,advantages of this ,art4--,it possesses many advantages3 and the process is simple and easily acquired4 #adii4 ,it is an exceedingly pleasing and interesting employment1 requiring no previous knowledge of drawing1 yet affording abundant space for the exercise of the most exquisite taste4 #aejj4 ,the time employed is richly repaid2 the results produced are of actual value2 articles of ornament and domestic utility being produced1 in perfect imitation of the most beautiful ,chinese and ,japanese porcelain1 of ,svres and ,dresden china1 and of every form that is usual in the productions of the ,ceramic ,art4 #aeja4 ,it furnishes an inexhaustible and inexpensive source for the production of useful and elegant presents1 which will be carefully preserved as tokens of friendship1 and as proofs of the taste and talent of the giver4 #aejb4 ,articles necessary in the ,art of ,potichomanie4--,glass vases 7,potiches en verre17 of shapes suitable to the different orders of ,chinese1 ,japanese1 ,etruscan1 and ,french porcelain1 ,alumettes1 c42 cups1 plates1 c41 c41 of ,svres and ,dresden design4 #aejc4 ,sheets of colored drawings or prints1 characteristic representations of the designs or decorations suitable to every kind of porcelain and china4 #aejd4 ,a bottle of liquid gum1 and three or four hog-hair brushes4 #aeje4 ,a bottle of varnish1 and very fine pointed scissors for cutting out4 #aejf4 ,an assortment of colors for the foundation1 in bottles4 #aejg4 ,a packet of gold powder1 and a glass vessel for diluting the colors4 #aejh4 ,directions4--,we will suppose the object selected for imitation to be a ,chinese vase4 #aeji4 ,after providing yourself with a plain glass vase1 of the proper shape1 you take your sheets of colored prints on which are depicted subjects characteristic of that peculiar style4 #aeaj4 ,from these sheets you can select a great variety of designs1 of the most varied character1 on the arrangement and grouping of which you can exercise your own taste4 #aeaa4 ,after you have fully decided upon the arrangement of your drawings1 cut them out accurately with a pair of scissors1 then apply some liquid gum carefully over the colored side of the drawings1 and stick them on the inside of the vase1 according to your own previous arrangement--pressing them down till they adhere closely1 without any bubbles of air appearing between the glass and the drawings4 #aeab4 ,when the drawings have had sufficient time to dry1 take a fine brush and cover every part of them 7without touching the glass7 with a coat of parchment size or liquid gum1 which prevents the oil color 7which is next applied7 from sinking into or becoming absorbed by the paper4 #aeac4 ,when the interior of the vase is perfectly dry1 and any particles of gum size that may have been left on the glass have been removed1 your vase is ready for the final and most important process4 #aead4 ,you have now to tint the whole of the vase with a proper color to give it the appearance of porcelain2 for up to this time1 you will recollect1 it is but a glass vase1 with a few colored prints stuck thereon4 #aeae4 ,select from your stock of prepared colors1 in bottles1 the tint most appropriate to the kind of china you are imitating 7as we are now supposed to be making a ,chinese vase1 it will be of a greenish hue71 mix fully sufficient color in a glass vessel1 then pour the whole into the vase4 #aeaf4 ,take now your vase in both hands1 and turn it round continually in the same direction1 until the color is equally spread over the whole of the interior3 when this is satisfactorily accomplished1 pour back the remainder4 ,if the prepared color is too thick1 add a little varnish to the mixture before applying it4 #aeag4 ,if preferred1 the color may be laid on with a soft brush4 ,should the vase be intended to hold water1 the interior must be well varnished after the above operations1 or lined with zinc or tin foil4 #aeah4 ,if the ,potichomanist wishes to decorate the mouth of his vase with a gold border1 he can do so by mixing some gold powder in a few drops of the essence of lavender and some varnish1 applying it on the vase with a fine brush2 or he can purchase gold bands1 already prepared for application1 in varied sheets1 suitable to the ,potichomanie designs4 #aeai4 ,potichomanists have found the art capable of greater results than the mere imitation of porcelain vases1 by the introduction of glass panels 7previously decorated with beautiful flowers on a white ground7 into drawing-room doors1 and also into walls which1 being panel papered1 offer opportunities of introducing centre pieces of the same character as the doors2 elegant chess and work-tables1 folding and cheval-screens1 panels for cabinets1 chiffoniers and book-cases1 slabs for pier and console-tables1 glove-boxes1 covers for books1 music1 albums1 c4 #aebj4 ,the most common cause of failure is1 that the drawings inside are not thoroughly pressed down4 ,,grecian ,,painting4 #aeba4 ,grecian ,painting is the art of imitating oil paintings4 #aebb4 ,this truly beautiful imitation1 if well done1 is so perfect that none save connoisseurs can discern1 at sight1 the difference4 #aebc4 ,engravings best suited to this style of painting are mezzotint or aquatint1 though fine lithographs are used4 #aebd4 ,rule ,first4--,procure a frame one inch longer than the engraved part of the print4 #aebe4 ,second4--,cut the engraving the size of the frame1 then make a stiff paste1 and spread it thickly on the frame4 #aebf4 ,third4--,place the engraving face down and sponge it gently with water2 then press the frame firmly and evenly down on2 leave it till entirely dry 7not by the fire71 and it will become even and tight4 #aebg4 ,to make the ,grecian ,varnish4--,take one part turpentine1 two parts alcohol 7#ij proof71 three parts balsam of fir1 and mix4 #aebh4 ,to use the ,varnish4--,pour sufficient spirits of turpentine on the back of the picture to moisten it well1 then put on the varnish and rub it thoroughly with a stiff brush1 and continue to apply it until the picture is perfectly transparent4 #aebi4 ,spots4--,leave the picture for twenty-four hours1 after which if white spots appear1 showing that the varnish has not been effectual1 repeat the process4 ,sometimes it has to be done several times4 #aecj4 ,drying4--,place the picture1 face downward1 where it will be free from dust1 and leave it three or four days4 #aeca4 ,paints4--,these are put on the back of the engraving4 #aecb4 ,eyes4--,for blue eyes1 permanent blue and white2 for hazel eyes1 yellow ochre and ,van ,dyke brown4 #aecc4 ,flesh ,tints4--,flake white1 with a very little vermilion and ,naples yellow4 #aecd4 ,foliages4--,chrome yellow and ,prussian blue1 with any of the browns4 #aece4 ,sky4--,clouds touched in with white2 the rest permanent blue and white4 #aecf4 ,water4--,the light parts with white1 the rest the same as the sky4 ,if a bright scene1 and with trees1 of a greenish brown4 #aecg4 ,hair and ,eyebrows4--,yellow ochre and ,van ,dyke brown1 or raw sienna4 #aech4 ,backgrounds4--,the most agreeable tint is a greenish brown4 #aeci4 ,white ,background4--,flake and silver white4 #aedj4 ,buff ,background4--,naples yellow4 #aeda4 ,orange ,background4--,chrome yellow1 with vermilion4 #aedb4 ,blue ,background4--,flake white and ,prussian blue4 #aedc4 ,gray ,background4--,white1 ,prussian blue1 and vermilion4 #aedd4 ,pink ,background4--,white and vermilion4 #aede4 ,crimson ,background4--,vermilion and white1 with carmine4 #aedf4 ,green ,background4--,chrome yellow and ,prussian blue4 #aedg4 ,paints for the ,front of the ,picture4--,drying oil must be used with all the colors on the front4 #aedh4 ,shading for the ,flesh on the ,front4--,carmine and ,van ,dyke brown laid on lightly1 and the edges touched off with the finger4 #aedi4 ,cheeks4--,carmine2 soften the edges carefully4 #aeej4 ,lips4--,carmine1 with a touch of vermilion4 #aeea4 ,hair and ,eyebrows4--,yellow lake and ,van ,dyke brown4 #aeeb4 ,draperies4--,these are always painted on the back1 and shaded on the front with ,van ,dyke brown4 #aeec4 ,backgrounds4--,if plain1 glaze with yellow lake4 #aeed4 ,foliages4--,yellow lake and ,van ,dyke brown4 #aeee4 ,general ,directions4--,first--,lay the paint thickly on the back1 and be careful to cover every part1 but not to go over the edges4 #aeef4 ,second--,when the painting is finished let it dry four days1 and then cover the front with a coat of mastic varnish4 #aeeg4 ,materials required1 are a palette1 palette-knife1 flat varnish brush1 three sizes of bristle brushes1 three sizes of table brushes1 drying oil1 mastic varnish1 spirits of turpentine1 ,grecian varnish4 #aeeh4 ,colors used are oil colors in tubes4 ,those generally needed are silver white1 ,naples yellow1 yellow ochre1 brilliant yellow1 vermilion1 ,prussian blue1 raw sienna1 ivory black1 carmine1 yellow lake1 ,van ,dyke brown4 #aeei4 ,if economy is an object1 some of the above-mentioned materials can be dispensed with4 ,,diaphanie4 #aefj4 ,this is a beautiful1 useful1 and inexpensive art1 easily acquired1 and producing imitations of the richest and rarest stained glass2 and also of making blinds1 screens1 skylights1 ,chinese lanterns1 c41 in every variety of color and design4 #aefa4 ,in decorating his house1 an ,american spends as much money as he can conveniently spare2 the elegancies and refinements of modern taste demand something more than mere comfort3 yet though his walls are hung with pictures1 his drawing-room filled with bijouterie1 how is it that the windows of his hall1 his library1 his staircase1 are neglected8 #aefb4 ,the reason is obvious4 ,the magnificent historical old stained glass might be envied1 but could not be brought within the compass of ordinary means4 ,recent improvements in printing in colors led the way to this beautiful invention1 by which economy is combined with the most perfect results4 #aefc4 ,a peculiar kind of paper is rendered perfectly transparent1 upon which designs are printed in glass colors 7vitre de couleurs71 which will not change with the light4 #aefd4 ,the paper is applied to the glass with a clear white varnish1 and when dry1 a preparation is finally applied1 which increases the transparency1 and adds tenfold brilliancy to the effect4 #aefe4 ,there is another design1 printed in imitation of the half-light 7abat-jour72 this is used principally for a ground1 covering the whole surface of the glass1 within which 7the necessary spaces having been previously cut out before it is stuck on the glass71 are placed medallion centres of ,watteau figures1 perfectly transparent1 which derive increased brilliancy from the semi-transparency of the surrounding ground4 #aeff4 ,to ascertain the quantity of designs required1 measure your glass carefully1 and then calculate how many sheets it will take4 ,the sheets are arranged so that they can be joined together continuously1 or cut to any size or shape4 #aefg4 ,practical ,instructions4--,choose a fine day for the operation1 as the glass should be perfectly dry and unaffected by the humidity of the atmosphere4 #aefh4 ,of course1 if you have a choice1 it is more convenient to work on your glass before it is fixed in the frame4 ,if you are working on a piece of unattached glass1 lay it on a flat table 7a marble slab is preferable71 over which you must previously lay a piece of baize or cloth to keep the glass steady4 #aefi4 ,the glass being thus fixed1 clean and polish the side on which you intend to operate 7in windows this is the inner side71 then with your brush lay on it very equably a good coat of the prepared varnish2 let this dry for an hour1 more or less1 according to the dryness of the atmosphere and the thickness of the coat of varnish4 #aegj4 ,meantime cut and trim your designs carefully to fit the glass 7if it is one entire transparent sheet you will find it little trouble72 then lay them on a piece of paper1 face downwards1 and damp the back of them with a sponge1 applied several times1 to equalize the moisture4 #aega4 ,after this operation1 arrange your time so that your designs may now be finally left to dry for fifteen minutes before application to the glass1 the varnish on which has now become tacky or sticky1 and in a proper state to receive them4 #aegb4 ,apply the printed side next to the glass without pressure2 endeavor to let your sheet fall perfectly level and smooth on your glass so that you may avoid leaving creases1 which would be fatal4 #aegc4 ,take now your palette1 lay it flat on the design1 and press out all the air bubbles1 commencing in the centre1 and working them out from the sides2 an ivory stick will be found useful in removing creases2 you now leave this to dry1 and after twenty-four hours apply a slight coat of the liqueur diaphane1 leaving it another day1 when if dry1 apply a second coat of the same kind1 which must be left several days3 finally1 apply a coat of varnish over all4 #aegd4 ,if these directions are carefully followed1 your glass will never be affected by time or by any variations in the weather3 it will defy hail1 rain1 frost and dust1 and can be washed the same as any ordinary stained glass1 to which1 in some respects1 it is even superior4 #aege4 ,it is impossible to enumerate the variety of articles to the manufacture of which ,diaphanie may be successfully applied1 as it is not confined to glass1 but can be done on silk1 parchment1 paper1 linen1 c41 after they have been made transparent1 which may be accomplished in the following manner3-- #aegf4 ,stretch your paper1 or whatever it may be1 on a frame or drawing board1 then apply two successive coats 7a day between each17 of diaphanous liquor1 and after leaving it to dry for several days1 cover it with a thin layer of very clear size1 and when dry it will be in a fit state to receive the coat of varnish and the designs4 #aegg4 ,silk1 linen1 or other stuffs1 should be more carefully stretched1 and receive a thicker coat of size than paper or parchment2 the latter may be strained on a drawing or any other smooth board1 by damping the sheet1 and after pasting the edges1 stretching it down while damp4 ,silk1 linen1 and other stuffs require to be carefully stretched on a knitting or other suitable frame4 #aegh4 ,take great care to allow1 whatever you use1 time to dry before applying the liqueur diaphane4 #aegi4 ,all kinds of screens1 lamp-shades1 and glasses1 lanterns1 c41 c41 may be made in this way1 as heat will produce no effect upon them4 #aehj4 ,the transparent pictures are successful1 because they may be hung on a window frame or removed at will1 and the window blinds are far superior to any thing of that kind that have yet been seen4 #aeha4 ,instead of steeping the designs in the transparent liquor at the time of printing them1 which was previously done in order to show their transparency to the purchaser1 but which was practically objectionable1 as the paper in that state was brittle1 and devoid of pliancy1 necessitating also the use of a peculiarly difficult vehicle to manage 7varnish7 in applying it to the glass1 the manufacturer now prepares his paper differently1 in order to allow the use of parchment size in sticking them on the glass4 #aehb4 ,the liqueur diaphane1 which is finally applied1 renders them perfectly transparent4 ,in this mode of operation1 no delay is requisite1 the designs being applied to the glass immediately after laying on the size1 taking care to press out all the air bubbles1 for which purpose a roller will be found indispensable4 #aehc4 ,the designs should be damped before the size is applied to them4 ,we are of opinion that this art may be applied to the production of magic-lantern slides1 dissolving views1 and dioramic effects2 though we are not aware whether such experiments have been tried4 ,,feather ,,flowers4 #aehd4 ,the art of making feather flowers1 though a very easy and inexpensive accomplishment1 and yielding pretty ornaments for the mantel-piece or the chiffonier1 is but little pursued4 #aehe4 ,many persons are under the impression that they can only be made from the feathers of exotic birds1 and that these are expensive4 ,but the following instructions will dispel this misconception1 and remove the difficulty4 #aehf4 ,procure the best white geese or swans' feathers1 have them plucked off the fowl with care not to break the web1 free them from down1 except a small quantity on the shaft of the feather4 #aehg4 ,having procured two good specimens of the flower you wish to imitate1 carefully pull off the petals of one1 and1 with a piece of tissue paper1 cut out the shape of each size1 taking care to leave the shaft of the feather at least half an inch longer than the petal of the flower4 #aehh4 ,carefully bend the feather with the thumb and finger to the proper shape2 mind not to break the web4 #aehi4 ,to make the ,stem and ,heart of a ,flower4--,take a piece of wire six inches long3 across the top lay a small piece of cotton wool1 turn the wire over it1 and wind it round until it is the size of the heart or centre of the flower you are going to imitate4 #aeij4 ,if a single flower1 cover it with paste or velvet of the proper color1 and round it must be arranged the stamens2 these are made of fine ,india silk1 or feathers may be used for this purpose4 #aeia4 ,after the petals have been attached1 the silk or feather is dipped into gum1 and then into the farina4 ,place the petals round1 one at a time1 and wind them on with ,moravian cotton1 ,no4 #d2 arrange them as nearly like the flower you have for a copy as possible4 #aeib4 ,cut the stems of the feathers even1 and then make the calix of feathers1 cut like the pattern or natural flower4 ,for the small flowers1 the calix is made with paste4 ,cover the stems with paper or silk the same as the flowers2 the paper must be cut in narrow strips1 about a quarter of an inch wide4 #aeic4 ,to make the ,pastes of the ,calix1 ,hearts1 and ,buds of ,flowers4--,take common white starch1 and mix it with gum water until it is the substance of thick treacle2 color it with the dyes used for the feathers1 and keep it from the air4 #aeid4 ,to make the ,farina4--,use common ground rice1 mixed into a stiff paste with any dye2 dry it before the fire1 and when quite hard1 pound it to a fine powder4 #aeie4 ,the buds1 berries1 and hearts of some double flowers are made with cotton wool1 wound around wire1 moulded to the shape with thumb and finger4 #aeif4 ,smooth it over with gum water1 and when dry cover the buds1 berries1 or calix with the proper colored pastes2 they will require one or two coats1 and may be shaded with a little paint1 and then gummed and left to dry4 #aeig4 ,flowers of two or more shades or colors are variegated with water-colors1 mixed with lemon-juice1 ultra-marine and chrome for blue1 and gold may also be used in powder1 mixed with lemon-juice and gum water4 #aeih4 ,the materials required are some good white goose or swan's feathers2 a little fine wire1 different sizes2 a few skeins of fine floss silk1 some good cotton wool or wadding1 a reel of ,no4 #d ,moravian cotton1 a skein of ,india silk1 the starch and gum for pastes1 and a pair of small sharp scissors1 a few sheets of colored silk paper1 and some water-colors1 with the following dyes3-- #aeii4 ,to ,dye ,feathers ,blue4--,into two pennyworths of oil of vitriol1 mix two pennyworths of the best indigo in powder2 let it stand a day or two2 when wanted shake it well1 and into a quart of boiling water put one tablespoonful of the liquid4 #afjj4 ,stir it well1 put the feathers in1 and let them simmer a few minutes4 #afja4 ,yellow4--,put a tablespoonful of the best turmeric into a quart of boiling water2 when well mixed1 put in the feathers4 #afjb4 ,more or less of the turmeric will give them different shades1 and a very small quantity of soda will give them an orange hue4 #afjc4 ,green4--,mix the indigo liquor with turmeric1 and pour boiling water over it2 let the feathers simmer in the dye until they have acquired the shade you want them4 7,see #bhi47 #afjd4 ,pink4--,three good pink saucers in a quart of boiling water1 with a small quantity of cream of tartar4 ,if a deep color is required1 use four saucers4 ,let the feathers remain in the dye several hours4 #afje4 ,red4--,into a quart of boiling water dissolve a teaspoonful of cream of tartar1 put in one tablespoonful of prepared cochineal1 and then a few drops of muriate of tin4 #afjf4 ,this dye is expensive1 and scarlet flowers are best made with the plumage of the red ,ibis1 which can generally be had of a bird-fancier or bird-stuffer1 who will give directions how it may be applied4 #afjg4 ,lilac4--,about two teaspoonfuls of cudbear1 into about a quart of boiling water2 let it simmer a few minutes before you put in the feathers4 ,a small quantity of cream of tartar turns the color from lilac to amethyst4 #afjh4 ,black4--,use the same as for cloth4 #afji4 ,crimson4--,dip in acetate of alumina mordant1 then in a boiling-hot decoction of ,brazil wood--and1 last of all1 pass through a bath of cudbear4 #afaj4 ,before the feathers are dyed they must be put into hot water1 and let them drain before they are put into the dyes4 #afaa4 ,after the feathers are taken out of the dye1 rinse them two or three times in clear cold water 7except the red71 which must only be done once4 ,then lay them on a tray1 over which a cloth has been spread1 before a good fire2 when they begin to dry and unfold1 draw each feather gently between your thumb and finger1 until it regains its proper shape4 #afab4 ,the leaves of the flowers are made of green feathers1 cut like those of the natural flower1 and serrated at the edge with a very small pair of scissors4 #afac4 ,for the calix of a moss-rose the down is left on the feather1 and is a very good representation of the moss on the natural flower4 #afad4 ,to ,preserve ,sea-,weed4--,this is a delicate process1 and may be made like beautiful pictures4 #afae4 ,first ,process4--,wash the sea-weed in fresh water1 then take a plate or dish 7the larger the better71 cut your paper to the size required1 place it on the plate with fresh water1 and spread out the plant with a good sized camel-hair pencil in a natural form4 ,picking out with the pin gives the sea-weed an unnatural appearance1 and destroys the characteristic fall of the branches1 which should be carefully avoided4 #afaf4 ,then gently raise the paper with the specimen out of the water1 placing it in a slanting position for a few moments1 so as to allow the superabundant water to run off3 after which place it in the press4 #afag4 ,the ,press4--,the press is made with either three pieces of board or pasteboard4 ,lay on the first board two sheets of blotting-paper2 on that lay your specimens2 place straight and smooth over them a piece of old muslin1 fine cambric1 or linen3 then some more blotting-paper1 and place another board on the top of that1 and continue in the same way4 #afah4 ,the ,finishing4--,the blotting-paper and the muslin should be carefully removed and dried every day1 and then replaced3 at the same time1 those specimens that are sufficiently dried may be taken away4 ,nothing now remains but to write on each the name1 date1 and locality4 #afai4 ,the ,specimens4--,you can either gum the specimens in a scrap-book1 or fix them in1 as drawings are often fastened1 by making four slits in the page1 and inserting each corner4 #afbj4 ,this is by far the best plan1 as it admits of their removal1 without injury to the page1 at any future period1 if it be required either to insert better specimens1 or intermediate species4 ,some of the larger ,alg will not adhere to the paper1 and consequently require gumming4 #afba4 ,another ,way4--,after well cleaning and pressing1 brush the coarser kinds of ,alg over with spirits of turpentine1 in which two or three small lumps of gum mastic have been dissolved1 by shaking in a warm place2 two-thirds of a small phial is the proper proportion1 and this will make the specimens retain a fresh appearance4 ,,botanical ,,specimens1 ,,leaf ,,impressions1 ,,etc4 #afbb4 ,the plants you wish to preserve should be gathered when the weather is dry1 and after placing the ends in water1 let them remain in a cool place till the next day4 #afbc4 ,when about to be submitted to the process of drying1 place each plant between several sheets of blotting-paper1 and iron it with a large smooth heater1 pretty strongly warmed1 till all the moisture is dissipated4 #afbd4 ,colors may thus be fixed1 which otherwise become pale1 or nearly white4 #afbe4 ,some plants require more moderate heat than others1 and herein consists the nicety of the experiment2 but ,i have generally found1 that if the iron be not too hot1 and is passed rapidly1 yet carefully1 over the surface of the blotting-paper1 it answers the purpose equally well with plants of almost every variety of hue and thickness4 #afbf4 ,in compound flowers1 with those also of a stubborn and solid form as the ,centaurea1 some little art is required in cutting away the under part1 by which means the profile and forms of the flowers will be more distinctly exhibited4 #afbg4 ,this is especially necessary1 when the method employed by ,major ,velley is adopted3 viz41 to fix the flowers and fructification down with gum upon the paper previous to ironing1 by which means they become almost incorporated with the surface4 #afbh4 ,when this very delicate process is attempted1 blotting-paper should be laid under every part excepting the blossoms1 in order to prevent staining the white paper4 ,great care must be taken to keep preserved specimens in a dry place4 #afbi4 ,skeleton leaves may be made by steeping leaves in rain water1 in an open vessel1 exposed to the air and sun4 ,water must occasionally be added to compensate loss by evaporation4 #afcj4 ,the leaves will putrefy1 and then their membranes will begin to open2 then lay them on a clean white plate1 filled with clean water1 and with gentle touches take off the external membranes1 separating them cautiously near the middle rib4 ,when there is an opening toward the latter the whole membrane separates easily4 #afca4 ,the process requires a great deal of patience1 as ample time must be given for the vegetable tissues to decay1 and separate4 #afcb4 ,a more ,expeditious ,method4--,a tablespoonful of chlorid of lime in a liquid state1 mixed with a quart of pure spring water4 #afcc4 ,leaves or seed-vessels of plants to be soaked in the mixture for about four hours1 then taken out and well washed in a large basin filled with water1 after which they should be left to dry with free exposure to light and air4 #afcd4 ,some of the largest species of forest leaves1 or such as have strong ribs1 will require to be left rather more than four hours in the liquid4 #afce4 ,dwarf ,plants4--,take a cutting of the plant you wish to dwarf1 say a myrtle1 for instance1 and having set it in a pot1 wait until you are satisfied that it has taken root2 then take a cutting from it1 and place it in a miniature flower-pot1 taking care to fill it more than three parts with fine sand1 the remainder with mould4 #afcf4 ,put it under a glass on the chimney-piece1 or in any warm place1 and give it very small quantities of water4 #afcg4 ,preserve ,fungi4--,receipt of the celebrated botanist1 ,william ,withering1 ,esq41 by which specimens of fungi may be beautifully preserved4 #afch4 ,take two ounces of sulphate of copper1 or blue vitriol1 and reduce it to powder1 and pour upon it a pint of boiling water1 and when cold1 add half a pint of spirits of wine2 cork it well1 and call it the pickle4 #afci4 ,to eight pints of water add one pint and a-half of spirits of wine1 and call it the liquor4 #afdj4 ,be provided with a number of wide-mouthed bottles of different sizes1 all well fitted with corks4 ,the fungi should be left on the table as long as possible to allow the moisture to evaporate4 #afda4 ,they should then be placed in the pickle for three hours1 or longer1 if necessary2 then place them in the bottles intended for their reception1 and fill with the liquor4 #afdb4 ,they should then be well corked and sealed1 and arranged in order with their names in front of the bottles4 #afdc4 ,leaf ,impressions4--,hold oiled paper in the smoke of a lamp1 or of pitch1 until it becomes coated with the smoke2 to this paper apply the leaf of which you wish an impression1 having previously warmed it between your hands1 that it may be pliable4 #afdd4 ,place the lower surface of the leaf upon the blackened surface of the oil paper1 that the numerous veins that are so prominent on this side may receive from the paper a portion of the smoke4 #afde4 ,lay a paper over the leaf1 and then press it gently upon the smoked paper1 with the fingers1 or with a small roller1 7covered with woolen cloth1 or some like soft material71 so that every part of the leaf may come in contact with the sooted oil-paper4 #afdf4 ,a coating of the smoke will adhere to the leaf4 #afdg4 ,then remove the leaf carefully1 and place the blackened surface on a sheet of white paper1 not ruled1 or in a book prepared for the purpose1 covering the leaf with a clean slip of paper1 and pressing upon it with the fingers1 or roller1 as before4 #afdh4 ,thus may be obtained the impression of a leaf1 showing the perfect outlines1 together with an accurate exhibition of the veins which extend in every direction through it1 more correctly than the finest drawing4 #afdi4 ,this process is so simple1 and the material so easily obtained1 that any person1 with a little practice to enable him to apply the right quantity of smoke to the oil-paper1 and give the leaf a proper pressure1 can prepare beautiful leaf impressions1 such as a naturalist would be proud to possess4 #afej4 ,there is another1 and we think1 a better method of taking leaf impressions than the preceding one4 #afea4 ,leaf ,impressions in ,ink4--,after warming the leaf between the hands1 apply printing ink1 by means of a small leather ball containing cotton1 or some soft substance1 or with the end of the finger4 #afeb4 ,the leather ball 7and the finger when used for that purpose71 after the ink is applied to it1 should be pressed several times on a piece of leather1 or some smooth surface1 before each application to the leaf1 that the ink may be smoothly and evenly applied4 #afec4 ,after the under surface of the leaf has been sufficiently inked1 apply it to the paper1 where you wish the impression2 and after covering it with a slip of paper1 use the hand or roller to press upon it1 as described in the former process4 7,see #gaa1 page #agf47 #afed4 ,impressions from ,coins4--,melt a little isinglass glue with brandy1 and pour it thinly over the medal1 c41 so as to cover its whole surface2 let it remain on for a day or two1 till it has thoroughly dried and hardened1 and then take it off1 when it will be fine1 clear1 and as hard as a piece of ,muscovy glass1 and will have a very elegant impression of the coin4 ,it will also resist the effects of damp air1 which occasions all other kinds of glue to soften and bend1 if not prepared in this way4 ,,transferring ,,to ,,glass1 ,,wood1 ,,etc4 #afee4 ,the process of transferring consists in causing the ink of a print1 engraving1 mezzotint1 or lithograph1 to adhere to the surface of glass1 wood1 cardboard1 ivory1 or earthenware1 which is effected by cementing the face of the prints to their surface by means of some varnish or glutinous transparent body that will not dissolve in water1 and then destroying the texture of the paper1 so as to leave the ink upon the varnish and material operated on1 in the same manner as if the original impression had been there1 but of course reversed4 #afef4 ,materials4--,the body to which the print is to be transferred4 #afeg4 ,spirits and oil of turpentine2 oil and varnish colors2 seed-lac1 white and transfer varnishes2 oil of almonds2 spirit of wine2 a flat and a round brush1 and a towel4 ,the ,varnishes4--,the seed-lac and white varnishes4 #afeh4 ,the ,transfer ,varnish4--,take five ounces of the best spirit of wine1 add four ounces of the purified ,venice turpentine to it1 and an ounce of picked mastic tears2 put them into a bottle1 shake constantly until the mastic and turpentine dissolve1 and in a few hours it will be fit for use1 but improves by keeping4 #afei4 ,to ,transfer to ,glass4--,procure a piece of the best crown-glass1 as near as possible in size and shape to the print to be transferred1 varnish it over with a mixture of equal parts of spirits and oil of turpentine1 and lay the print on the glass1 beginning at one end1 and pressing it gently down with a towel in every part in proceeding to the other4 #affj4 ,if this is not done carefully1 vesicles of air will be admitted between the paper and glass1 and mar the effect4 ,after pressing the print down with the towel1 it is to be set aside to dry1 which will take some time1 varying according to the state of the atmosphere4 #affa4 ,when the turpentine has become perfectly hard1 the paper must be moistened with water till it is thoroughly saturated1 and the paper entirely removed by rubbing very gently with the forefinger in a circular direction1 and then set aside to dry1 when the impression will be found perfectly transferred1 but reversed4 #affb4 ,if it is wished to preserve only the appearance of an engraving1 a sheet of white paper or ,bristol-board must be placed behind the glass2 but if required to be colored1 the operation must be completed with oil or varnish colors1 in such a manner as may impart to it the semblance of a painting4 #affc4 ,to ,transfer to ,wood4--,procure a piece of wood of the required form and size2 if flat1 it should be newly planed1 and rubbed down with pumice-stone and fine sand-paper to make it perfectly smooth and free from grease2 if rounded or any other shape1 it should be scraped with a piece of glass1 then pumiced and sand-papered4 #affd4 ,give the wood a coat of transfer varnish previous to transferring1 and set aside for twenty-four hours to dry4 #affe4 ,this promotes adhesion of the print to the wood1 and secures the latter from being soiled4 #afff4 ,cut off the white margin of the print1 then damp it by placing it face upward on the surface of some water in a shallow vessel1 taking care to keep the face or printed side dry2 when properly soaked1 pass a sponge over the back1 spread a coat of varnish over the whole of the face1 and apply immediately to the wood4 #affg4 ,rub down the whole gently with a towel1 in the same manner as directed for glass1 so that it may adhere properly4 ,when this has been done1 and while the back is yet moist1 rub it carefully with the forefinger until half the thickness of the paper is removed1 then leave it to dry4 #affh4 ,then wet the finger only1 and keep rubbing until the remainder of the paper is removed1 and there is a thin white film over all1 allowing the print to appear clean through2 then let it dry1 and bring out with a little oil of almonds2 after which apply a coat of carriage-varnish1 or the seed-lac and animi varnish used for white japan grounds1 though we prefer the transfer-varnish ourselves4 #affi4 ,great care and patience must be exercised during the process of rubbing off1 to avoid scratching or tearing the print2 if1 however1 any part is destroyed1 it must be repaired with the same color4 #afgj4 ,in this manner plain or colored prints may be transferred from paper to wood4 #afga4 ,when colored prints are transferred1 they should be laid on vinegar and water 7two-thirds of the former and one of the latter71 to destroy the size which is in the paper1 and remain twice as long as plain prints2 then removed and placed between blotting-paper1 and when the superfluous moisture has been removed1 treated the same as the other prints4 #afgb4 ,to ,clean the ,brushes and your hands after using the varnishes1 rub with spirit of wine4 #afgc4 ,to ,transfer to ,ivory4--,rub well with pumice-stone1 and then transfer in the same manner as directed above4 #afgd4 ,to ,transfer to ,card-board4--,remove the sizing on the surface by immersing in the vinegar and water mentioned above1 then transfer as usual4 #afge4 ,to ,transfer to ,earthenware4--,give the article a thin coating of varnish1 then transfer as directed above4 #afgf4 ,etching on ,glass4--,mix in a gallipot a little sulphuric acid and lampblack to a thin smooth paste1 and spread a layer of it on a piece of glass2 upon which trace with a sharp-pointed instrument1 7penetrating to the glass17 any design which may suggest itself4 #afgg4 ,then dissolve a little fluor-spar1 coarsely powdered1 in spirit of turpentine1 and with a camel's-hair brush lay some of the solution upon the parts so traced2 let it remain an hour or two2 and you will find1 on scraping off the paste1 that the glass will be etched with whatever forms you have traced4 #afgh4 ,very pleasing drawings may thus be etched upon glass2 and they may be rendered more effective by dusting the outline with a little vermilion4 ,,emblematic ,,stones4 #afgi4 ,the ,jewels of the ,months4--,in ,poland1 according to a superstitious belief1 each month of the year is under the influence of some precious stone1 which influence is attached to the destiny of persons born during the course of the month4 #afhj4 ,it is1 in consequence1 customary amongst friends1 and more particularly between lovers1 to make1 on birthdays1 reciprocal presents1 consisting of some jewel ornamented with the tutelar stone4 ,it is generally believed that this prediction of happiness1 or rather of the future destiny1 will be realized according to the wishes expressed on the occasion4 #afha4 ,january4--,the stone of ,january is the ,jacinth1 or ,garnet1 which denotes constancy and fidelity in any sort of engagement4 #afhb4 ,february4--,the ,amethyst1 a preservative against violent passions1 and an assurance of peace of mind and sincerity4 #afhc4 ,march4--,the ,bloodstone is the stone of courage and wisdom in perilous undertakings1 and firmness in affection4 #afhd4 ,april4--,the ,sapphire1 or ,diamond1 is the stone of repentance1 innocence1 and kindliness of disposition4 #afhe4 ,may4--,the ,emerald4 ,this stone signifies happiness in love1 and domestic felicity4 #afhf4 ,june4--,the ,agate is the stone of long life1 health1 and prosperity4 #afhg4 ,july4--,the ,ruby1 or ,cornelian1 denotes forgetfulness of1 and exemption from1 the vexations caused by friendship and love4 #afhh4 ,august4--,the ,sardonyx4 ,this stone denotes conjugal felicity4 #afhi4 ,september4--,the ,chrysolite is the stone which preserves and cures madness and despair4 #afij4 ,october4--,the ,aqua-,marine1 or ,opal1 signifies distress and hope4 #afia4 ,november4--,the ,topaz signifies fidelity and friendship4 #afib4 ,december4--,the ,turquoise is the stone which expresses great sureness and prosperity in love1 and in all the circumstances of life4 ,,staining4 #afic4 ,general ,observations4--,when alabaster1 marble1 and other stones1 are colored1 and the stain is required to be deep1 it should be poured on boiling-hot1 and brushed equally over every part if made with water2 if with spirit1 it should be applied cold1 otherwise the evaporation1 being too rapid1 would leave the coloring matter on the surface1 without any1 or very little1 being able to penetrate4 #afid4 ,in grayish or brownish stones1 the stain will be wanting in brightness1 because the natural color combines with the stain2 therefore1 if the stone be of a pure color1 the result will be a combination of the color and stain4 #afie4 ,bone or ,ivory4--,in staining bone or ivory1 the colors will take better before than after polishing2 and if any dark spots appear1 they should be rubbed with chalk1 and the article dyed again to produce uniformity of shade4 ,on removal from the boiling-hot dye-bath1 the bone should be immediately plunged into cold water1 to prevent cracks from the heat4 #afif4 ,paper or ,parchment is stained2 a broad varnish brush should be employed to lay the coloring on evenly4 #afig4 ,wood4--,when the stains for wood are required to be very strong1 it is better to soak and not brush them2 therefore if for inlaying or fine work1 the wood should be previously split or sawn into proper thicknesses1 and when directed to be brushed several times over with the stains1 it should be allowed to dry between each coating4 #afih4 ,to ,varnish4--,when it is wished to render any of the stains more durable and beautiful1 the work should be well rubbed with ,dutch or common rushes after it is colored1 and then varnished with seed-lac varnish1 or if a better appearance is desired1 with three coats of the same1 or shellac varnish4 #afii4 ,common ,work only requires frequent rubbing with linseed oil and woolen rags4 ,the remainder1 with the exception of glass1 will be treated of in this paper4 #agjj4 ,alabaster1 ,marble and ,stone1 may be stained of a yellow1 red1 green1 blue1 purple1 black1 or any of the compound colors1 by the stains used for wood4 #agja4 ,bone and ,ivory4--,black4--,lay the articles for several hours in a strong solution of nitrate of silver1 and expose to the light4 #agjb4 ,boil the article for some time in a strained decoction of logwood1 and then steep it in a solution of per-sulphate or acetate of iron4 #agjc4 ,immerse frequently in ink1 until of sufficient depth of color4 #agjd4 ,blue4--#a4 ,immerse for some time in a dilute solution of sulphate of indigo--partly saturated with potash--and it will be fully stained4 #b4 ,steep in a strong solution of sulphate of copper4 #agje4 ,green4--#a4 ,dip blue-stained articles for a short time in nitro-hydrochlorate of tin1 and then in a hot decoction of fustic4 #b4 ,boil in a solution of verdigris in vinegar until the desired color is obtained4 #agjf4 ,red4--,dip the articles first in the tin mordant used in dyeing1 and then plunge into a hot decoction of ,brazil wood--half a pound to a gallon of water--or cochineal4 #agjg4 ,steep in red ink until sufficiently stained4 #agjh4 ,scarlet4--,use lac-dye instead of the preceding4 #agji4 ,violet4--,dip in the tin mordant1 and then immerse in a decoction of logwood4 #agaj4 ,yellow4--,impregnate with nitro-hydrochlorate of tin1 and then digest with heat in a strained decoction of fustic4 #agaa4 ,second4--,steep for twenty-four hours in a strong solution of the neutral chromate of potash1 and then plunge for some time in a boiling solution of acetate of lead4 #agab4 ,third4--,boil the articles in a solution of alum--a pound to half a gallon--and then immerse for half an hour in the following mixture4 #agac4 ,take half a pound of turmeric1 and a quarter of a pound of pearlash2 boil in a gallon of water4 ,when taken from this1 the bone must be again dipped in the alum solution4 #agad4 ,horn must be treated in the same manner as bone and ivory for the various colors given under that heading4 #agae4 ,in ,imitation of ,tortoise-,shell4--,first steam and then press the horn into proper shapes1 and afterward lay the following mixture on with a small brush1 in imitation of the mottle of tortoise-shell4 #agaf4 ,second4--,take equal parts of quick lime and litharge1 and mix with strong soap-lees2 let this remain until it is thoroughly dry1 brush off1 and repeat two or three times1 if necessary4 #agag4 ,such parts as are required to be of a reddish brown1 should be covered with a mixture of whiting and the stain4 #agah4 ,iron4--,black1 for ,ship's ,guns1 ,shot1 etc4--,to one gallon of vinegar add a quarter of a pound of iron rust1 let it stand for a week2 then add a pound of dry lamp-black1 and three-quarters of a pound of copperas2 stir it up for a couple of days4 #agai4 ,lay five or six coats on the gun1 c41 with a sponge1 allowing it to dry well between each4 ,polish with linseed oil and soft woolen rag1 and it will look like ebony4 #agbj4 ,paper and ,parchment4--,blue4--,stain it green with the verdigris stain given below1 and brush over with a solution of pearlash--two ounces to the pint--till it becomes blue4 #agba4 ,use the blue stain for wood4 #agbb4 ,green and ,red4--,the same as for wood4 7,see #gag1 page #agh47 #agbc4 ,orange4--,brush over with a tincture of turmeric1 formed by infusing an ounce of the root in a pint of spirits of wine2 let this dry1 and give another coat of pearlash solution1 made by dissolving two ounces of the salt in a quart of water4 #agbd4 ,purple4--,brush over with the expressed juice of ripe privet berries4 ,the same as for wood4 #agbe4 ,yellow4--,brush over with tincture of turmeric4 #agbf4 ,add anatto or dragon's blood to the tincture of turmeric1 and brush over as usual4 7,see #gaf1 page #agh47 #agbg4 ,wood4--,black4--,drop a little sulphuric acid into a small quantity of water1 brush over the wood and hold it to the fire2 it will be a fine black1 and receive a good polish4 #agbh4 ,second4--,take half a gallon of vinegar1 an ounce of bruised nut-galls1 of logwood chips and copperas each half a pound--boil well2 add half an ounce of the tincture of sesquichlorid of iron1 formerly called the muriated tincture1 and brush on hot4 #agbi4 ,third4--,use the stain given for ships' guns4 #agcj4 ,fourth4--,take half a gallon of vinegar1 half a pound of dry lamp-black1 and three pounds of iron rust sifted4 ,mix1 and let stand for a week4 ,lay three coats of this on hot1 and then rub with linseed oil1 and you will have a fine deep black4 #agca4 ,fifth4--,add to the above stain an ounce of nut-galls1 half a pound of logwood chips1 and a quarter of a pound of copperas2 lay on three coats1 oil well1 and you will have a black stain that will stand any kind of weather1 and one that is well suited for ships' combings1 c4 #agcb4 ,sixth4--,take a pound of logwood chips1 a quarter of a pound of ,brazil wood1 and boil for an hour and a half in a gallon of water4 ,brush the wood several times with this decoction while hot4 ,make a decoction of nut-galls by simmering gently for three or four days a quarter of a pound of the galls in two quarts of water2 give the wood three coats of this1 and while wet lay on a solution of sulphate of iron 7two ounces to a quart71 and when dry oil or varnish4 #agcc4 ,seventh4--,give three coats with a solution of copper filings in aquafortis1 and repeatedly brush over with the logwood decoction1 until the greenness of the copper is destroyed4 #agcd4 ,eighth4--,boil half a pound of logwood chips in two quarts of water1 add an ounce of pearlash1 and apply hot with a brush4 ,then take two quarts of the logwood decoction1 and half an ounce of verdigris1 and the same of copperas2 strain and throw in half a pound of iron rust4 ,brush the work well with this1 and oil4 #agce4 ,blue4--,dissolve copper filings in aquafortis1 brush the wood with it1 and then go over the work with a hot solution of pearlash 7two ounces to a pint of water71 till it assumes a perfectly blue color4 #agcf4 ,boil a pound of indigo1 two pounds of woad1 and three ounces of alum in a gallon of water2 brush well over until thoroughly stained4 #agcg4 ,green4--,dissolve verdigris in vinegar1 and brush over with the hot solution until of a proper color4 #agch4 ,mahogany ,color4--,dark4--#a4 ,boil half a pound of madder and two ounces of logwood chips in a gallon of water1 and brush well over while hot2 when dry1 go over the whole with pearlash solution1 two drachms to the quart4 #agci4 ,second4--,put two ounces of dragon's blood1 bruised1 into a quart of oil of turpentine2 let the bottle stand in a warm place1 shake frequently1 and1 when dissolved1 steep the work in the mixture4 #agdj4 ,light ,red ,brown4--,boil half a pound of madder and a quarter of a pound of fustic in a gallon of water2 brush over the work when boiling-hot1 until properly stained4 #agda4 ,second4--,the surface of the work being quite smooth1 brush over with a weak solution of aquafortis1 half an ounce to the pint1 and then finish with the following3--,put four ounces and a half of dragons blood and an ounce of soda1 both well bruised1 to three pints of spirit of wine2 let it stand in a warm place1 shake frequently1 strain1 and lay it on with a soft brush1 repeating until of a proper color2 polish with linseed oil or varnish4 #agdb4 ,purple4--,brush the work several times with the logwood decoction used for ,no4 #f ,black1 and when dry give a coat of pearlash solution1 one drachm to a quart1 taking care to lay it on evenly4 #agdc4 ,red4--#a4 ,boil a pound of ,brazil wood and an ounce of pearlash in a gallon of water1 and while hot brush over the work until of a proper color4 ,dissolve two ounces of alum in a quart of water1 and brush the solution over the work before it dries4 #agdd4 ,second4--,take a gallon of the above stain1 add two more ounces of pearl ash2 use hot1 and brush often with the alum solution4 #agde4 ,third4--,use a cold infusion of archil1 and brush over with the pearlash solution used for ,no4 #a dark mahogany4 #agdf4 ,in imitation of ,rosewood4--#a4 ,boil half a pound of logwood in three pints of water till it is of a very dark red1 add half an ounce of salt of tartar2 stain the work with the liquor while boiling hot1 giving three coats2 then with a painter's graining-brush form streaks with ,no4 #h black stain2 let dry1 and varnish4 #agdg4 ,second4--,brush over with the logwood decoction used for ,no4 #f black1 three or four times2 put half a pound of iron filings into two quarts of vinegar2 then with a graining-brush or cane1 bruised at the end1 apply the iron filing solution in the form required1 and polish with beeswax and turpentine when dry1 or varnish4 ,,ornamented ,,leather ,,work4 #agdh4 ,an excellent imitation of carved oak1 suitable for frames1 boxes1 vases1 and ornaments in endless variety1 may be made of a description of leather called ,basil4 #agdi4 ,the art consists in simply cutting out this material in imitation of natural objects1 and in impressing upon it by simple tools1 either with or without the aid of heat1 such marks and characteristics as are necessary to the imitation4 #agej4 ,the rules given with regard to the imitation of leaves and flowers 7#ahhg7 apply to ,ornamental ,leather ,work4 #agea4 ,begin with a simple object1 and proceed by degrees to those that are more complicated4 #ageb4 ,the tools required are ivory or steel points of various sizes1 punches1 and tin shapes1 such as are used for confectionary4 ,the points may be made out of the handles of old tooth-brushes4 #agec4 ,before cutting out the leaves1 the leather should be well soaked in water1 until it is quite pliable4 ,when dry1 it will retain the artistic shape4 #aged4 ,cut out an ivy or an oak leaf1 and impress the veins upon it2 then arrange these in groups1 and affix them to frames1 or otherwise4 #agee4 ,leaves and stems are fastened together by means of liquid glue1 and varnished with any of the drying varnishes1 or with sealing-wax dissolved to a suitable consistency in spirits of wine4 #agef4 ,wire1 cork1 gutta-percha1 bits or stems of trees1 c41 may severally be used to aid in the formation of groups of buds1 flowers1 seed-vessels1 c4 ,,dyeing4 7,,see ,,pages #gd1 #ge1 #gf47 #ageg4 ,dye ,hair and ,feathers ,green4--,take of verdigris or verditer1 of each one ounce3 gum water1 one pint2 mix them well1 and dip the hair or feathers into the mixture1 shaking them well about4 #agei4 ,cleansing ,feathers of their ,animal ,oil4--,the following receipt gained a premium from the ,society of ,arts3 #agfj4 ,take for every gallon of clean water one pound of quicklime1 mix them well together1 and when the undissolved lime is precipitated in fine powder1 pour off the clean lime-water for use4 #agfa4 ,put the feathers to be cleaned in another tub1 and add to them a quantity of the clean lime-water1 sufficient to cover them about three inches1 when well immersed and stirred about therein4 #agfb4 ,the feathers1 when thoroughly moistened1 will sink down1 and should remain in the lime-water three or four days2 after which the foul liquor should be separated from them1 by laying them in a sieve4 #agfc4 ,the feathers should be afterward well washed in clean water1 and dried upon nets1 the meshes of which may be about the fineness of cabbage-nets4 #agfd4 ,the feathers must be1 from time to time1 shaken on the nets1 and as they get dry will fall through the meshes1 and are to be collected for use4 ,the admission of air will be serviceable in drying4 #agfe4 ,the process will be completed in three weeks2 and after being thus prepared1 the feathers will only require to be beaten to get rid of the dust4 #agff4 ,dyeing ,eggs4--,wrap the egg in crimson silk ribbon 7taking care that no part is uncovered71 tack it on and boil it five minutes1 and when it is divested of the ribbon the shell will be of a pretty mottled red2 any colored ribbon may be used with a very pretty effect4 #agfg4 ,crystallization upon ,cinders4--,saturate water1 kept boiling1 with alum2 then set the solution in a cool place1 suspending a cinder in it1 by a hair or fine silk thread2 as the solution cools1 a beautiful crystallization will take place upon the cinder1 which will resemble a specimen of mineralogical spar4 #agfh4 ,staining ,grasses and ,mosses4--,take some common powder-blue1 mix with water1 rather thin2 take dry moss and dip it in1 and let it soak a few minutes1 take out and squeeze it--you will have a blue moss4 ,take light chrome yellow 7as there are two sorts71 mix with water1 as before3 with the same process you will have a yellow moss4 ,take some of the blue and some of the yellow1 mix with water1 as before1 and you will have a green moss4 ,you may have a variety of shades by adding or diminishing the yellow4 ,,the ,,game ,,of ,,draughts4 #agfi4 ,rules of the ,game4--,the nine laws for regulating the game of draughts are as follows4 #aggj4 ,each player takes the first move alternately1 whether the last game be won or drawn4 #agga4 ,any action which prevents the adversary from having a full view of the men is not allowed4 #aggb4 ,the player who touches a man must play him4 #aggc4 ,in case of standing the huff ten minutes1 the other may call upon him to play2 and if1 after that1 he delay above five minutes longer1 then he loses the game4 #agge4 ,in the losing game1 the player can insist upon his adversary taking all the men1 in case opportunities should present themselves for their being so taken4 #aggf4 ,to prevent unnecessary delay1 if one color have no pieces1 but two kings on the board1 and the other no piece but one king1 the latter can call upon the former to win the game in twenty moves2 if he does not finish it within that number of moves1 the game to be relinquished as drawn4 #aggg4 ,if there are three kings to two on the board1 the subsequent moves are not to exceed forty4 ,,laws ,,of ,,chess4 #aggh4 ,the rules given below are based upon the code published in ,walker's ,art of ,chess ,play4 ,the word piece frequently includes the pawn4 #aggi4 ,if the board or pieces be improperly placed1 or are deficient in number 7except in the case of odds71 the game must be recommenced1 if the error is discovered before the fourth move on each side 7the eighth move of the game47 ,if not discovered before this stage1 the game must proceed4 #aghj4 ,if the player gives odds1 and yet omits to remove the odds from the board at the commencement1 he may recommence the game1 and remove the odds given1 provided he discover his error before playing his fourth move4 #agha4 ,but if he has made his fourth move1 the game must be played out2 and should the player who agreed to give the odds win the game1 it shall nevertheless be considered drawn4 #aghb4 ,when parties play even1 they draw lots for the first move of the first game4 ,the first move is afterward taken alternately throughout the sitting1 except when a game is drawn1 when he who had the first move in that game still claims it1 a drawn game being of no account4 #aghc4 ,he who gains the move has also the choice of color4 ,each player uses the same color throughout the sitting4 ,when a match is made for a given number of games1 the move passes alternately throughout the match4 ,a player giving odds has the choice of men1 and takes the move in every game1 unless agreed to the contrary4 #aghd4 ,a player who gives the odds of a piece1 may give it each game from the king's or queen's side1 at his option4 ,if he gives the odds of a pawn1 he must give the king's bishop's pawn1 unless otherwise stipulated4 #aghe4 ,the player who receives the odds of a certain number of moves at the commencement1 must not with those moves cross from his own half of the board4 #aghf4 ,if a player1 in his turn to play1 touch one of his men1 he must move that piece1 if it can legally move1 unless1 when he first touches it1 he says aloud1 ,j'adoube4 ,no penalty is attached to touching a piece1 unless it is your turn to move4 #aghg4 ,if the player touch his king1 with the intention of moving him1 and then finds that he cannot do so without placing the king in check1 no penalty can be inflicted on his replacing his king and moving elsewhere4 #aghh4 ,otherwise8 ,if the player should touch a man which cannot be moved without placing his king in check1 he must move his king instead4 #aghi4 ,if a player about to move touch one of his adversary's men1 without saying ,j'adoube when he first touches it1 he must take that piece1 if it can be lawfully taken4 #agij4 ,should it not be taken1 he must1 as a penalty1 move his king2 but should the king be unable to play without going into check1 no penalty can be enforced4 ,it is not allowed to castle upon a compulsory move of the king4 #agia4 ,while you hold your piece you may move it anywhere allowed by the rules2 but when you quit your hold the move is completed1 and must be abided by4 #agib4 ,if you inadvertently move one of your adversary's pieces instead of your own1 he may compel you to take the piece you have touched1 should it be en prise2 or to replace it and move your king1 or to leave it on the square to which you have moved it1 and forego any other move at that time4 #agic4 ,should you capture one of the adverse pieces with another1 instead of one of your own1 the capture holds good1 if your opponent so decides4 #agid4 ,if the player takes a piece through a false move1 his adversary may compel him to take such piece with one that can lawfully take it1 or to move the piece that has been touched1 if such move does not expose the king to check1 or he may be directed to move his king4 #agie4 ,if you take one of your own men1 instead of one of your adversary's1 you may be compelled to move one of the two pieces touched1 at the option of your opponent4 #agif4 ,mr4 ,walker thinks that the penalty should be to lose the man you have improperly taken off4 #agig4 ,an opponent has the option of punishing a false move1 by claiming the false move as your move1 by compelling you to move the piece touched1 as you may think fit1 or to replace the piece and move your king4 #agih4 ,the king must never be exposed to check by any penalty enforced4 #agii4 ,if you move twice running1 you may be compelled to abide by both moves1 or to retract the second4 #ahjj4 ,unlimited time is allowed for the moves unless otherwise agreed4 ,if one player insists upon the postponement of the termination of a game1 against the will of his opponent1 the game is forfeited by him who will not play on4 #ahja4 ,when a pawn is moved two squares1 it is liable to be taken1 en passant1 by a pawn1 but not by a piece4 #ahjb4 ,if you touch both king and rook1 intending to castle1 you must move one of the two pieces1 at the option of your adversary2 or he may compel you to complete the castling4 #ahjc4 ,you cannot take a piece and castle at the same time2 nor does the rook check as it passes to its new position2 but it may check on its position after castling4 #ahjd4 ,false castling is liable to the same penalties as a false move4 #ahje4 ,when a player gives the odds of a rook1 he does not relinquish the right of castling on the side from which the rook has been taken1 all other conditions being lawful1 as if the rook were in its place4 #ahjf4 ,when you give check you must say so aloud4 #ahjg4 ,if check is not called on either side1 but subsequently discovered1 you must endeavor to recall all the moves back to the period when the check first occurred4 #ahjh4 ,you are not compelled to cry check when you attack the queen4 #ahji4 ,if you cry check1 and afterward alter your determination1 you are not compelled to abide by the intention1 provided you have not touched the piece4 #ahaj4 ,when a pawn reaches the opposite side of the board it may be replaced by any piece1 at the option of the owner1 and irrespective of the pieces already owned by him4 #ahaa4 ,stale-mate is a drawn game4 #ahab4 ,drawn games count for nothing2 and he who moved first in the drawn game moves first in the following4 #ahac4 ,if you declare to win a game1 or position1 and only draw it1 you are accounted the loser4 #ahad4 ,when you have either of the following advantages of force1 you are compelled to give check-mate in fifty moves1 or the game is considered drawn3 #ahae4 ,king and queen against king4 ,king and rook against king4 ,king and two bishops against king4 ,king1 bishop1 and knight1 against king4 ,king and queen against king and rook4 ,king and rook against king and minor piece4 ,king and pawn against king4 ,king and two pawns against king and pawn4 #ahaf4 ,if you move after your adversary has made a false move1 or committed other irregularity1 you cannot claim the penalties4 #ahag4 ,spectators are forbidden to make remarks4 #ahah4 ,disputes to be referred to a third party4 ,,evening ,,pastime4 #ahai4 ,among the innocent recreations of the fireside1 there are few more commendable and practicable than those afforded by what are severally termed ,anagrams1 ,charades1 ,conundrums1 ,enigmas1 ,puzzles1 ,rebuses1 ,riddles1 ,transpositions1 c4 #ahbj4 ,of these there are such a variety1 that they are suited to every capacity2 and they present this additional attraction1 that ingenuity may be exercised in the invention of them1 as well as in their solution4 #ahba4 ,many persons who have become noted for their literary compositions may date the origin of their success to the time when they attempted the composition of a trifling enigma or charade4 #ahbb4 ,anagrams are formed by the transposition of the letters of words or sentences1 or names of persons1 so as to produce a word1 sentence1 or verse of pertinent1 or of widely different meaning4 #ahbc4 ,they are very difficult to discover1 but are exceedingly striking when good4 ,the following are some of the most remarkable4 #ahbd4 ,transposed ,forms--,astronomers--,no more stars2 ,catalogues--,got as a clue2 ,elegant--,neat leg2 ,impatient--,tim in a pet2 ,immediately--,i met my ,delia2 ,masquerade--,queen as mad2 ,parishioners--,i hire parsons2 ,parliament--,partial men2 ,penitentiary--,nay ,i repent2 ,presbyterians--,best in prayer2 ,sweetheart--,there we sat2 ,telegraphs--,great helps4 #ahbe4 ,conundrums4--,these are simple catches1 in which the sense is playfully cheated1 and are generally founded upon words capable of double meaning4 ,the following are examples4 #ahbf4 ,if a person were looking at a conflagration by the names of what three great ,british writers1 could he express his emotions8 #ahbg4 ,dickens1 ,how-itt ,burns6 #ahbh4 ,the name of what class of persons1 in ,rome1 might a bear be supposed to say when he was licking his paws after having eaten a little girl8 #ahbi4 ,gladiator--,glad ,i ate her4 #ahcj4 ,who first introduced salt provisions into the navy8 #ahca4 ,noah1 when he took ,ham into the ark4 #ahcb4 ,why need a person never be hungry in the desert8 #ahcc4 ,because of the sand which is there4--,sandwiches6 #ahcd4 ,why is a clock the most modest thing in the world8 #ahce4 ,because it always keeps its hands before its face1 and no matter how good its works are1 it will run itself down4 ,,part ,,ix4 ,,work ,,in ,,doors ,,and ,,out4 ,home ,comforts--,household ,receipts--,wise ,economy--,fuel--,things to ,know--,cleanliness--,accidents--,agricu lture--,gardening--,etc41 ,etc4 ,,household ,,maxims4 #ahcf4 ,a short needle makes the most expedition in plain sewing4 #ahcg4 ,when you are particular in wishing to have precisely what you want from a butcher's1 go and purchase it yourself4 #ahch4 ,one flannel petticoat will wear nearly as long as two1 if turned behind-part before1 when the front begins to wear thin4 #ahci4 ,people in general are not aware how very essential to the health of their inmates is the free admission of light into their houses4 #ahdj4 ,a leather strap1 with a buckle to fasten1 is much more commodious than a cord for a box in general use for short distances2 cording and uncording is a disagreeable job4 #ahda4 ,there is not any real economy in purchasing cheap cottons for gentlemen's night shirts4 ,the cloth cuts in holes1 and soon becomes bad colored in washing4 #ahdb4 ,sitting to sew by candle-light by a table with a dark cloth on it is injurious to the eye-sight4 ,when no other remedy presents itself1 put a sheet of white paper before you4 #ahdc4 ,people very commonly complain of indigestion3 how it be wondered at1 when they seem by their habit of swallowing their food wholesale1 to forget for what purpose they are provided with teeth4 #ahdd4 ,eat slowly and you will not over-eat4 #ahde4 ,keeping the feet warm will prevent headaches4 #ahdf4 ,late at breakfast--hurried for dinner--cross at tea4 #ahdg4 ,between husband and wife little attentions beget much love4 #ahdh4 ,always lay your table neatly1 whether you have company or not4 #ahdi4 ,put your balls or reels of cotton into little bags1 leaving the ends out4 #ahej4 ,whatever you may choose to give away1 always be sure to keep your temper4 #ahea4 ,feather beds should be opened every third year1 the ticking well dusted1 soaped and waxed1 the feathers dressed and returned4 #aheb4 ,bed-rooms heated are pernicious to health4 #ahec4 ,beds1 instead of being made up as soon as people rise out of them1 ought to be turned down1 and exposed to the fresh air from the open windows through the day4 #ahed4 ,feather beds1 especially in youth and in warm weather1 enervate the system1 destroying its vigor and health4 ,neither should beds be too hard4 ,sleeping with the head under the clothes is pernicious2 so1 also1 confined air caused by curtains4 #ahee4 ,the floor is the unhealthiest part of a room1 from the tendency of impure air to descend4 #ahef4 ,charcoal1 when burning1 should have an uncovered vessel of boiling water over it1 the vapor of which will counteract the deleterious fumes4 #aheg4 ,powdered charcoal will remove smells1 impurities1 c41 from old glass vessels1 after the grosser parts have been scoured off with sand and potash4 #aheh4 ,a perfume for linen1 c41 is made of rose leaves dried in the shade1 mixed with powdered cloves1 scraped mace1 and put in little bags4 #ahei4 ,persons of defective sight1 when threading a needle1 should hold it over something white1 by which the sight will be assisted4 #ahfj4 ,in mending sheets and shirts1 put the pieces sufficiently large1 or in the first washing the thin parts give way1 and the work is all undone4 #ahfa4 ,reading by candle-light1 place the candle behind you1 that the rays may pass over your shoulder on to the book4 ,this will relieve the eyes4 #ahfb4 ,a wire fire-guard1 for each fire-place in a house1 costs little1 and greatly diminishes the risk to life and property4 ,fix them before going to bed4 #ahfc4 ,in winter1 get the work forward by daylight1 to prevent running about at night with candles4 ,thus you escape grease spots and risks of fire4 #ahfd4 ,matches1 out of the reach of children1 should be kept in every bedroom4 ,they are cheap enough4 #ahfe4 ,apple and suet dumplings are lighter when boiled in a net than a cloth4 ,scum the pot well4 #ahff4 ,when chamber towels get thin in the middle1 cut them in two1 sew the selvages together1 and hem the sides4 #ahfg4 ,when you dry salt for the table1 do not place it in the salt-cells until it is cold1 otherwise it will harden into a lump4 #ahfh4 ,never put away plate1 knives and forks1 c41 uncleaned1 or sad inconvenience will arise when the articles are wanted4 #ahfi4 ,after washing1 overlook linen1 and stitch on buttons1 hooks and eyes1 c42 for this purpose1 keep a housewife's friend1 full of miscellaneous threads1 cottons1 buttons1 hooks1 c4 #ahgj4 ,for ventilation1 open your windows both at top and bottom4 ,the fresh air rushes in one way1 while the foul makes its exit the other4 ,this is letting in your friend and expelling your enemy4 #ahga4 ,never allow your servants to put wiped knives on your table2 for1 generally speaking1 you may see that they have been wiped with a dirty cloth4 #ahgb4 ,there is not any thing gained in economy by having very young and inexperienced servants at low wages4 #ahgc4 ,dirty windows speak to the passer-by of the negligence of the inmates4 #ahgd4 ,carpets4--,if the corner of a carpet gets loose and prevents the door opening1 or trips every one up that enters the room1 nail it down at once4 ,a dog's-eared carpet marks the sloven as well as the dog's-eared book4 #ahge4 ,cravats or stocks should not be worn so tight as to compress the many large blood-vessels of the neck1 which connect with the brain4 #ahgf4 ,impure air of theatres1 ball-rooms1 and other crowded and badly-ventilated buildings and sleeping-rooms1 is poison to the lungs4 #ahgg4 ,eye-sight is best preserved by a moderate light--too little1 strains--too much1 dazzles and injures4 ,bathing in cold water is of service4 #ahgh4 ,consumption4--,remedies4--,vigorous1 daily1 but not violent1 exercise1 and free exposure to the air1 are important4 ,as the great difficulty in medicine is in reaching the seat of this disease1 frequently inhaling certain fumes may be a means of healing the lungs4 ,sitting and sleeping in a room through which the fumes of resin1 turpentine1 or other similar gums are moderately diffused1 may be of service4 #ahgi4 ,small ,pox is prevented by vaccination1 if well done4 ,never neglect vaccination4 #ahhj4 ,water is purified by--#a1 filtration through gravel1 sand1 or soft porous stone and charcoal4 ,or1 #b1 it may be sweetened and improved by charcoal1 coarsely pulverized and thrown into a vessel of water4 #c1 by boiling and distillation4 ,water is greatly improved in wells or pumps that are frequently used4 #ahha4 ,distilled ,water1 after being exposed to the air1 is the most salubrious of all drinks1 and its daily use is of the greatest importance in dyspepsia and similar diseases4 #ahhb4 ,wet ,clothes should not be worn near a fire1 or so as to occasion sudden heat4 ,keep in motion till dry can be had1 then change at once1 and give the feet a long heating4 #ahhc4 ,black ,silks wash in warm small beer and milk4 ,,household ,,receipts ,,for ,,many ,,things4 #ahhd4 ,to ,extract ,grease from ,clothes4--,scrape off all the grease that you can with a knife2 then lay over the spot a thick brown paper1 and press it with a warm iron2 if the grease comes through the paper1 take another piece1 and so on until it does not soil the paper4 #ahhe4 ,if not all out1 wrap a bit of cloth or flannel round the finger1 dip it in spirits of wine1 and rub the grease spot2 this will take it out4 ,be careful not to have the iron too hot4 ,try it on white paper2 if it scorches this1 it is too hot4 #ahhf4 ,to ,extract ,paint from ,woolen4--,rub the spot with a piece of flannel saturated with turpentine1 or spirit of wine4 #ahhg4 ,to ,preserve ,hats4--,brush them always with a soft brush4 ,keep them in a hat box if not in constant use1 as air and dust soon turn them brown4 ,have a stick for each hat4 #ahhh4--;,hats when wet should be handled lightly1 wiped dry with a cloth or silk handkerchief1 and brushed4 ,if the fur sticks1 dampen it with a sponge dipped in vinegar1 and brush it dry4 #ahhi4 ,when heated by exercise avoid drinking cold water4 ,rinse the mouth with cold water before drinking4 #ahij4 ,to ,procure ,sleep4--,on going to bed take a warm or cold bath4 #ahia4 ,another ,way4--,rub the body well with rough towels or the flesh-brush for a quarter of an hour4 #ahib4 ,to ,relieve ,headache in ,bed4--,wash the head in cold water1 and lay aside the night-cap1 but see that the feet are kept warm4 #ahic4 ,the air bath is very healthful4 ,children especially should resort to this method of enjoying the salubrious influence of the atmosphere4 #ahid4 ,dr4 ,franklin's plan was to rise at day-break1 and pass half an hour in his chamber undressed1 reading or writing4 #ahie4 ,close ,closets that have become infested with moths should be well rubbed with a strong decoction of tobacco1 and repeatedly sprinkled with spirits of camphor4 #ahif4 ,the ,sting of a ,nettle may be cured by rubbing the part with rosemary1 mint1 or sage leaves4 #ahig4 ,charcoal ,fumes4--,the usual remedies for persons overcome with the fumes of charcoal in a close apartment are1 to throw cold water on the head and to bleed immediately2 also apply mustard or hartshorne to the soles of the feet4 #ahih4 ,an ,ever-,dirty ,hearth1 and a grate always choked with cinders and ashes1 are infallible evidences of bad house-keeping4 #ahii4 ,effects of ,charcoal1 in stopping putrefaction1 are now well ascertained2 fish or meat may be restored by boiling charcoal with them4 #aijj4 ,moths--to get rid of them4--,procure shavings of cedar-wood1 and enclose in muslin bags1 which should be distributed freely among the clothes4 #aija4 ,second4--,sprinkle pimento 7allspice7 berries among the clothes4 ,sprinkle the clothes with the seeds of the musk plant4 #aijb4 ,to ,destroy the ,eggs4--,when deposited in woolen cloth1 c41 use a solution of acetate of potash in spirits of rosemary1 fifteen grains to the pint4 #aijc4 ,to ,drive away ,moths from clothes1 wrap up some yellow or turpentine soap in paper2 or place an open bottle containing spirits of turpentine in the wardrobe4 #aijd4 ,cold ,green ,tea1 very strong1 and sweetened with sugar1 when set about in saucers1 attracts flies and destroys them4 #aije4 ,for ,keeping a ,door open1 place a large brick1 covered neatly with a piece of carpeting1 against the door4 #aijf4 ,a ,stair-,carpet should never be swept down with a long broom1 but always with a short-handled brush1 and a dust pan held closely under each step of the stairs4 #aijg4 ,a ,hat should be brushed every day with a hat-brush1 and twice a-day in dusty weather4 #aijh4 ,rings that have stones in them should always be taken off the finger when the hands are washed1 else they become discolored4 #aiji4 ,reading in ,bed at night should be avoided1 as besides the danger of an accident1 it never fails to injure the eyes4 #aiaj4 ,in ,escaping from a ,fire1 creep or crawl along the room with your face close to the ground4 ,children should be early taught how to press out a spark when it happens to reach any part of their dress1 and also that running into the air will cause it to blaze immediately4 7,see page #bjd47 #aiaa4 ,bronzed ,chandeliers1 ,lamps1 c41 should be merely dusted with a feather brush1 or with a soft cloth1 as washing them will take off the bronzing4 #aiab4 ,iron ,wipers4--,old soft towels1 or pieces of old sheets or tablecloths1 make excellent iron wipers4 #aiac4 ,to ,clean ,looking-,glasses4--,first wash the glass all over with lukewarm soap-suds and a sponge4 ,when dry1 rub it bright with a buckskin and a little prepared chalk1 finely powdered4 #aiad4 ,flowers and ,shrubs should be excluded from a bed-chamber4 #aiae4 ,water of every kind1 except rain water1 will speedily cover the inside of a tea-kettle with an unpleasant crust2 this may easily be guarded against by placing a clean oyster-shell in the tea-kettle1 which will always keep it in good order1 by attracting the particles of earth or of stone4 #aiaf4 ,paper ,fire-,screens should be coated with transparent varnish2 otherwise they will soon become soiled and discolored4 #aiag4 ,the best ,lamp-,oil is that which is clear and nearly colorless1 like water4 #aiah4 ,oil-,grease may be removed from a hearth by covering it immediately with thick hot ashes1 or with burning coals4 #aiai4 ,candles improve by keeping a few months4 #aibj4 ,glass ,vessels1 and other utensils1 may be purified and cleaned by rinsing them out with powdered charcoal4 #aiba4 ,family ,clocks ought only to be oiled with the very purest oil1 purified by a quart of lime-water to a gallon of oil1 in which it has been well shaken1 and suffered to stand for three or four days1 when it may be drawn off4 #aibb4 ,to ,heat a ,bed at a moment's notice1 throw a little salt into the warming-pan1 and suffer it to burn for a minute previous to use4 7,see page #ag47 #aibc4 ,to ,destroy ,flies in a room1 take half a teaspoonful of black pepper in powder1 one teaspoonful of brown sugar1 and one tablespoonful of cream1 mix them well together1 and place them in the room on a plate1 where the flies are troublesome4 #aibd4 ,feet1 to ,keep ,warm in a ,carriage or ,cold ,room4--,use a stone or glass bottle filled with boiling water and wrapped in flannel4 #aibe4 ,to ,prevent ,cold ,feet at ,night4--,rub the ankles and feet with the hand as hard as can be borne for five or ten minutes before retiring4 ,this will be found an effectual remedy4 #aibf4 ,another ,way4--,frequent washing1 and rubbing them thoroughly dry1 with a linen cloth1 or flannel1 is useful4 #aibg4 ,to ,warm ,beds4--,take all the black or blazing coals out of the pan1 and scatter a little salt over the remainder4 ,this will prevent the smell of sulphur4 #aibh4 ,to ,explore ,unventilated ,places4--,light sheets of brown paper and throw into the well or cavern4 ,or1 fix a long pipe to a pair of bellows1 and blow into the place for some time4 #aibi4 ,to ,destroy ,crickets4--,put ,scotch snuff upon the holes where they come out4 #aicj4 ,to ,brush ,clothes4--,have a wooden horse to put the clothes on1 and a small cane to beat the dust out of them2 also a board or table long enough for them to be put their whole length while brushing them4 #aica4 ,have two brushes1 one hard and the other soft4 ,use the hard brush for the great coats2 the soft for the fine cloth garments4 ,these should never be brushed with too hard a brush1 as this will take off the nap4 #aicb4 ,the ,cane for the ,clothes should not be too large4 ,a small hand-whip is the best to beat with4 ,be careful not to strike the buttons4 #aicc4 ,if the coat be wet and spotted with mud1 let it be quite dry before brushing it4 ,then rub off the mud with the hands2 put the coat at its full length on the board1 and brush the cloth the same way the nap goes1 which is toward the skirt of the coat4 #aicd4 ,chimneys1 ,smoky1 to ,cure4--,a northern aspect often produces a smoky chimney4 #aice4 ,stacks of ,chimneys are less apt to smoke than single ones4 #aicf4 ,straight ,funnels seldom draw well4 #aicg4 ,large ,fire-,places are apt to smoke4 ,when they do so1 the lower aperture should be diminished4 #aich4 ,if the chimney smokes only when the fire is first lighted1 lay any inflammable substance1 as shavings1 on the top of the grate2 the rapid combustion of which will warm the air of the chimney1 and give it a tendency upward before any smoke is produced4 #aici4 ,a chimney so incorrigible as to require the constant admission of fresh air1 should have a pipe introduced1 one of whose apertures is under the grate1 and the other in the open air4 ,or openings may be made for ventilation near the top of the apartment4 #aidj4 ,to prevent unpleasant odor in ,clothes laid up for a time1 place recently-made charcoal between the folds of the garments4 ,even when the odor has taken place1 the charcoal will absorb it4 #aida4 ,to ,purify ,stagnant ,water4--,one part of chalk and two of alum will speedily purify stagnant water1 and four parts of animal carbon and one of alum are sufficient to purify a thousand parts of muddy river water4 #aidb4 ,to ,prevent the ,smoking of a ,lamp4--,soak the wick in strong vinegar1 and well dry it before you use it4 #aidc4 ,to ,clean ,cane ,chairs4--,sponge them1 until soaked1 with soap and hot water4 #aidd4 ,clean ,white ,vails4--,put the vail in a solution of white soap1 and let it simmer a quarter of an hour2 squeeze it in some warm water and soap till quite clean4 ,rinse it from soap1 and then in clean cold water1 in which is a drop of liquid blue2 then pour boiling water on a teaspoonful of starch1 run the vail through this1 and clear it well by clapping it4 ,afterward pin it out1 keeping the edges straight and even4 #aide4 ,restoring ,color to ,silk4--,when the color has been taken from silk by acids1 it may be restored by applying to the spot a little hartshorne1 or sal-volatile4 #aidf4 ,clean ,white ,ostrich ,feathers4--,four ounces of white soap1 cut small1 dissolved in four pints of water1 rather hot1 in a large basin2 make the solution into a lather1 by beating it with birch-rods1 or wires4 #aidg4 ,introduce the feathers1 and rub well with the hands for five or six minutes4 ,after this soaping1 wash in clean water1 as hot as the hand can bear4 ,shake until dry4 #aidh4 ,cure for a ,burn4--,wheat flour and cold water mixed to the consistency of soft paste1 is an almost instantaneous cure for a burn1 whether large or small4 ,renew before the first gets so dry as to stick4 #aidi4 ,slippery ,elm bark powdered makes an excellent healing poultice for burns1 sores1 c41 boiled with milk and about one-third bread4 #aiej4 ,cod-,liver ,oil4--,this is a nauseating medicine1 but the following receipt is said to remedy the bad taste4 #aiea4 ,to a pint of cod-liver oil add an ounce of fine salt2 shake them well together1 till they amalgamate4 #aieb4 ,to ,dress ,squirrel and other ,skins4--,take a handful of common salt1 and half the quantity of alum2 boil it in half a gallon of water till dissolved4 ,when cold1 the skins may be put in to steep1 and allowed to remain for a fortnight1 occasionally turning them2 they may then be taken out1 stretched on a board 7skin side outward7 till dry2 they will then be found perfectly soft and pliable4 #aiec4 ,another ,method4--,stretch the fresh skin on a board1 and dress it with water in which salt and alum have been dissolved--applying the solution with a brush4 ,this does not injure the glossiness of the fur1 which is apt to be affected when the skin is immersed4 #aied4 ,to ,clean ,furs4--,strip the fur articles of their stuffing and binding1 and lay them as much as possible in a flat position4 #aiee4 ,they must then be subjected to a very brisk brushing1 with a stiff clothes-brush2 after this1 any moth-eaten parts must be cut out1 and be neatly replaced by new bits of fur to match4 #aief4 ,sable1 ,chinchilla1 ,squirrel1 ,fitch1 c41 should be treated as follows3 ,warm a quantity of new bran in a pan1 taking care that it does not burn1 to prevent which it must be actively stirred4 #aieg4 ,when well warmed1 rub it thoroughly into the fur with the hand4 ,repeat this two or three times2 then shake the fur1 and give it another sharp brushing until free from dust4 #aieh4 ,white ,furs1 ,ermine1 c41 may be cleaned as follows3 ,lay the fur on the table1 and rub it well with bran made moist with warm water2 rub until quite dry1 and afterward with dry bran4 ,the wet bran should be put on with flannel1 and the dry with a piece of book-muslin4 #aiei4 ,the ,light ,furs1 in addition to the above1 should be well rubbed with magnesia1 or a piece of book-muslin1 after the bran process4 #aifj4 ,stretching ,furs4--,furs are usually much improved by stretching1 which may be managed as follows3 ,to a pint of soft water add three ounces of salt1 dissolve2 with this solution sponge the inside of the skin 7taking care not to wet the fur71 until it becomes thoroughly saturated2 then lay it carefully on a board with the fur side downward1 in its natural disposition2 then stretch1 as much as it will bear1 to the required shape1 and fasten with small tacks4 ,the drying may be quickened by placing the skin a little distance from the fire or stove4 #aifa4 ,to ,preserve ,furs from ,moths4--,warm water1 one pint2 corrosive sublimate1 twelve grains4 ,if washed with this1 and afterward dried1 furs are safe from moth4 ,care should be taken to label the liquid poison4 #aifb4 ,to ,keep away ,flies4--,no fly will enter a room in which a wreath of walnut leaves has been hung up4 ,the experiment is worth trying4 #aifc4 ,washing4--,the most important department of domestic economy naturally includes the washhouse1 into which philosophy has found its way for the application of many useful principles1 and much useful practice4 7,see p4 #bfb47 #aifd4 ,to ,clean ,morocco ,shoes4--,dissolve gum arabic in water1 and mix with it a little white sugar4 ,if it is to be kept any time1 put in a little spirits of wine4 ,brush the shoes with it4 #aife4 ,cheap ,door-,mats4--,cut old broadcloth or any woolen articles into long strips from one to two inches broad4 ,braid three of these together1 and sew the braid round in gradually increasing circles till large enough4 ,,wise ,,economy4 #aiff4 ,if you have a strip of land1 do not throw away soap-suds4 ,both ashes and soap-suds are good manure for bushes and young plants4 #aifg4 ,woolen ,clothes should be washed in very hot suds1 and not rinsed4 ,lukewarm water shrinks them4 #aifh4 ,do not let coffee and tea stand in tin4 #aifi4 ,scald your wooden-ware often1 and keep your tin-ware dry4 #aigj4 ,preserve the backs of old letters to write upon4 #aiga4 ,if you have children who are learning to write1 buy coarse white paper by the quantity1 and keep it locked up1 ready to be made into writing-books4 ,it does not cost half so much as it does to buy them at the stationer's4 #aigb4 ,see that nothing is thrown away which might have served to nourish your own family or a poorer one4 #aigc4 ,as far as possible1 have bits of bread eaten up before they become hard2 spread those that are not eaten1 and let them dry1 to be pounded for puddings1 or soaked for brewis4 #aigd4 ,brewis is made of crusts and dry pieces of bread1 soaked a good while in hot milk1 mashed up1 and eaten with salt4 #aige4 ,above all1 do not let crusts accumulate in such quantities that they cannot be used4 ,with proper care1 there is no need of losing a particle of bread4 #aigf4 ,all the mending in the house should be done once a week1 if possible4 #aigg4 ,never put out sewing4 ,if it be not possible to do it in your own family1 hire some one into the house1 and work with them4 #aigh4 ,do not let knives be dropped into hot dish-water4 ,it is a good plan to have a large tin pot to wash them in1 just high enough to wash the blades without wetting the handles4 #aigi4 ,it is better to accomplish perfectly a very small amount of work1 than to half do ten times as much4 #aihj4 ,charcoal ,powder will be found a very good thing to give knives a first-rate polish4 #aiha4 ,a ,bonnet and trimmings may be worn a much longer time1 if the dust be brushed well off after walking4 #aihb4 ,much knowledge may be obtained by the good housewife observing how things are managed in well-regulated families4 #aihc4 ,apples intended for dumplings should not have the core taken out of them1 as the pips impart a delicious flavor to the dumpling4 #aihd4 ,a ,rice ,pudding is most excellent without either eggs or sugar1 if baked gently2 it keeps better without eggs4 #aihe4 ,wilful waste makes woful want4 ,do not cook a fresh joint whilst any of the last remains uneaten--hash it up1 and with gravy and a little management eke out another day's dinner4 #aihf4 ,a warming-pan full of coals1 or a shovel of coals1 held over varnished furniture1 will take out white spots4 ,care should be taken not to hold the coals near enough to scorch2 and the place should be rubbed with a flannel while warm4 #aihg4 ,sal-volatile or hartshorne will restore colors taken out by acid4 ,it may be dropped upon any garment without doing harm4 #aihh4 ,new ,iron should be very gradually heated at first4 ,after it has become inured to the heat1 it is not so likely to crack4 #aihi4 ,the shanks of mutton make a good stock for nearly any kind of gravy--and they are very cheap--a dozen may be had for a penny1 enough to make a quart of delicious soup4 #aiij4 ,thick curtains1 closely drawn around the bed1 are very injurious1 because they not only confine the effluvia thrown off from our bodies whilst in bed1 but interrupt the current of pure air4 #aiia4 ,regularity in the payment of accounts is essential to housekeeping4 ,all tradesmen's bills should be paid weekly1 for then any errors can be detected whilst the transactions are fresh in the memory4 #aiib4 ,linen ,rags should be carefully saved1 for they are extremely useful in sickness4 ,if they have become dirty and worn by cleaning silver1 c41 wash them and scrape them into lint4 #aiic4 ,if you are troubled to get soft water for washing1 fill a tub or barrel half full of wood ashes1 and fill it up with water1 so that you may have ley whenever you may want it4 ,a gallon of strong ley put into a great kettle of hard water1 will make it as soft as rain water4 #aiid4 ,morning's ,milk1 says an eminent ,german philosopher1 commonly yields some hundredths more cream than the evening's at the same temperature4 ,that milked at noon furnishes the least2 it would therefore be of advantage1 in making butter and cheese1 to employ the morning's milk1 and to keep the evening's for domestic use4 #aiie4 ,scouring ,drops for ,removing ,grease4--,there are several preparations of this name2 one of the best is made as follows3 ,camphene1 or spirits of turpentine1 three ounces2 essence of lemon1 one ounce2 mix4 #aiif4 ,sweeping ,carpets4--,persons who are accustomed to use tea-leaves for sweeping their carpets1 and find that they leave stains1 will do well to employ fresh cut grass instead4 ,it is better than tea-leaves for preventing dust1 and gives the carpets a very bright1 fresh look4 #aiig4 ,economy of ,fuel4--,there is no part of domestic economy which everybody professes to understand better than the management of a fire1 and yet there is no branch in the household arrangements where there is a greater proportional and unnecessary waste1 than arises from ignorance and mismanagement in this article4 #aiih4 ,it is an old adage that we must stir no man's fire until we have known him seven years2 but we might find it equally prudent if we were careful as to the stirring of our own4 #aiii4 ,anybody1 indeed1 can take up a poker and toss the coals about2 but that is not stirring a fire6 #bjjj4 ,if the consumer1 instead of ordering a large supply of coal at once1 will at first content himself with a sample1 he may1 with very little trouble1 ascertain who will deal fairly with him2 and1 if he wisely pays ready money1 he will be independent of his coal merchant2 a situation which few families1 even in genteel life1 can boast of4 #bjja4 ,indeed1 we cannot too often repeat the truth1 that to deal for ready money only1 in all the departments of domestic arrangement1 is the truest economy4 #bjjb4 ,ready money will always command the best and cheapest of every article of consumption1 if expended with judgment2 and the dealer1 who intends to act fairly1 will always prefer it4 #bjjc4 ,trust not him who seems more anxious to give credit than to receive cash4 #bjjd4 ,the former hopes to secure custom by having a hold upon you in his books2 and continues always to make up for his advance1 either by an advance price1 or an inferior article2 whilst the latter knows that your custom can only be secured by fair dealing4 #bjje4 ,there is1 likewise1 another consideration1 as far as economy is concerned1 which is1 not only to buy with ready money1 but to buy at proper seasons2 for there is with every article a cheap season and a dear one4 #bjjf4 ,the master of a family who fills his coal cellar in the middle of the summer1 rather than the beginning of the winter1 will save one-fourth which it would otherwise cost him2 and will be enabled to see ,december's snows falling without feeling his enjoyment of his fireside lessened by the consideration that the cheerful blaze is supplied at twice the rate that it need have done1 if he had exercised more foresight4 #bjjg4 ,we must now call to the recollection of our readers that chimneys often smoke1 and that coal is often wasted by throwing too much fuel at once upon a fire4 #bjjh4 ,to prove this observation1 it is only necessary to remove the superfluous coal from the top of the grate1 when the smoking instantly ceases4 #bjji4 ,as to the waste1 that evidently proceeds from the frequent1 intemperate and injudicious use of the poker1 which not only throws a great portion of the small coals among the cinders1 but often extinguishes the fire it was intended to foster4 #bjaj4 ,economy in ,carpets4--,in buying a carpet1 as in every thing else1 those of the best quality are cheapest in the end4 ,as it is extremely desirable that they should look as clean as possible1 avoid buying carpet that has any white in it4 ,even a very small portion of white interspersed through the pattern will in a short time give a dirty appearance to the whole2 and certainly no carpet can be worse for use than one with a white ground4 #bjaa4 ,a carpet in which all the colors are light1 never has a clean1 bright effect1 from the want of dark tints to contrast and set off the light ones4 #bjab4 ,for a similar reason1 carpets whose colors are all of what artists call middle tint 7neither dark nor light71 cannot fail to look dull and dingy1 even when quite new4 #bjac4 ,the caprices of fashion at times bring these ill-colored carpets into vogue2 but in apartments where elegance is desirable1 they always have a bad effect4 #bjad4 ,for a carpet to be really beautiful and in good taste1 there should be1 as in a picture1 a judicious disposal of light and shadow1 with a gradation of very bright and of very dark tints2 some almost white1 and others almost or quite black4 #bjae4 ,red ,carpets4--,the most truly chaste1 rich and elegant carpets1 are those where the pattern is formed by one color only1 but arranged in every variety of shade4 ,for instance1 we have seen a ,brussels carpet entirely red2 the pattern formed by shades or tints1 varying from the deepest crimson 7almost a black71 to the palest pink 7almost a white74 #bjaf4 ,green ,carpets4--,also one of green only1 shaded from the darkest bottle-green1 in some parts of the figure1 to the lightest pea-green in others4 #bjag4 ,brown ,carpets4--,another1 in which there was no color but brown1 in all its various gradation1 some of the shades being nearly black1 others of a light buff4 ,all these carpets had much the look of rich cut velvet4 #bjah4 ,the ,curtains1 ,sofas1 c41 of course1 were of corresponding colors1 and the effect of the whole was noble and elegant4 #bjai4 ,carpets of many gaudy colors are much less in demand than formerly4 ,two colors only1 with the dark and light shade of each1 will make a very handsome carpet4 #bjbj4 ,a very light blue ground1 with the figure of shaded crimson or purple1 looks extremely well2 so does a salmon-color or buff ground1 with a deep green figure2 or a light yellow ground1 with a shaded blue figure4 #bjba4 ,rugs4--,if you cannot obtain a hearth-rug that exactly corresponds with the carpet1 get one entirely different2 for a decided contrast looks better than a bad match4 #bjbb4 ,we have seen very handsome hearth-rugs with a rich1 black1 velvet-looking ground1 and the figure of shaded blue1 or of various tints of yellow and orange4 #bjbc4 ,a carpet decidedly light-colored throughout1 has a good effect on the floor1 or continues long to look clean4 ,,things ,,to ,,know4 #bjbd4 ,why do candles and lamps spirt1 when rain is at hand8 #bjbe4 ,because the air is filled with vapor1 and the humidity penetrates the wick1 where 7being formed into steam7 it expands suddenly1 and produces a little explosion4 #bjbf4 ,why does a drop of water sometimes roll along a piece of hot iron without leaving the least trace8 #bjbg4 ,because 7when the iron is very hot indeed7 the bottom of the drop is turned into vapor1 which buoys the drop up1 without allowing it to touch the iron4 #bjbh4 ,why does a laundress put a little saliva on a flat-iron1 to know if it be hot enough8 #bjbi4 ,because1 when the saliva sticks to the box1 and is evaporated1 she knows it is not sufficiently hot3 but when it runs along the iron1 it is4 #bjcj4 ,why is the flat-iron hotter1 if the saliva runs along it1 than if it adheres till it is evaporated8 #bjca4 ,because1 when the saliva runs along the iron1 the heat is sufficient to convert the bottom of the drop into vapor2 but if the saliva will not roll1 the iron is not sufficiently hot to convert the bottom of the drop into vapor4 #bjcb4 ,why do wet feet or clothes give us cold8 #bjcc4 ,because the evaporation absorbs the heat so abundantly from the surface of our body1 that its temperature is lowered below its natural standard2 in consequence of which health is injured4 ,this also explains why it is dangerous to sleep in a damp bed4 #bjcd4 ,why is the health injured when the temperature of the body is reduced below its natural standard8 #bjce4 ,because the balance of the circulation is destroyed1 blood is driven away from the external surface by the chill1 and thrown upon the internal organs1 which are oppressed by this increased load of blood4 #bjcf4 ,why do not sailors get cold1 who are frequently wet all day with sea-water8 #bjcg4 ,because the salt of the sea retards evaporation2 and 7as the heat of their bodies is drawn off gradually7 the sensation of cold is prevented4 ,also1 the salt of the sea acts as a stimulant1 and keeps the blood circulating in the skin4 #bjch4 ,what is the cause of snow8 #bjci4 ,when the air is nearly saturated with vapor1 and condensed by a current of air below freezing-point1 some of the vapor is condensed1 and frozen into snow4 ,a few years ago1 some fishermen 7who wintered at ,nova ,zembla71 after they had been shut up in a hut for several days1 opened the window2 and the cold external air rushing in1 instantly condensed the air of the hut1 and its vapor fell on the floor in a shower of snow4 #bjdj4 ,what is the cause of sleet8 #bjda4 ,when flakes of snow 7in their descent7 pass through a bed of air above freezing point1 they partially melt1 and fall to the earth as half-melted snow4 #bjdb4 ,what is hail8 #bjdc4 ,rain which has passed in its descent through some cold bed of air1 and has been frozen into drops of ice4 #bjdd4 ,what is rain8 #bjde4 ,the vapor of the clouds or air condensed1 and precipitated to the earth4 #bjdf4 ,why are rain-drops sometimes much larger than at other times8 #bjdg4 ,when the rain-cloud is floating near the earth1 the drops are larger1 because such a cloud is much more dense than one more elevated4 ,the size of the rain-drop is also increased according to the rapidity with which the vapors are condensed4 #bjdh4 ,why does the ,bible say that ,god giveth snow like wool8 #bjdi4 ,because snow 7being a very bad conductor of heat7 protects vegetables and seeds from the frost and cold4 #bjej4 ,how does the non-conducting power of snow protect vegetables from the frost and cold8 #bjea4 ,it prevents the heat of the earth from being drawn off by the cold air which rests upon it4 #bjeb4 ,why are woolens and furs used for clothing in cold weather8 #bjec4 ,because they are very bad conductors of heat1 and therefore prevent the warmth of the body from being drawn off by the cold air4 #bjed4 ,do not woolens and furs actually impart heat to the body8 #bjee4 ,no2 they merely prevent the heat of the body from escaping4 #bjef4 ,where would the heat escape to1 if the body were not wrapped in wool or fur8 #bjeg4 ,the heat of the body would fly off into the air3 for the cold air1 coming in contact with our body1 would gradually draw away its heat1 till it was as cold as the air itself4 #bjeh4 ,what then is the principal use of clothing in winter time8 #bjei4 ,to prevent the animal heat from escaping too freely2 and to protect the body from the external air 7or wind71 which would carry away its heat too rapidly4 #bjfj4 ,why are ,march winds dry8 #bjfa4 ,because they generally blow from the east or north-east1 and therefore sweep over the continent of ,america4 #bjfb4 ,what is the use of ,march winds8 #bjfc4 ,they dry the soil 7which is saturated by the floods of ,february71 break up the heavy clods1 and fit the land for the seeds which are committed to it4 #bjfd4 ,why is it said that ,march comes in like a lion8 #bjfe4 ,because it comes in with blustering east winds1 so essential to dry the soil1 which would otherwise rot the seed committed to it4 #bjff4 ,why does ,march go out like a lamb8 #bjfg4 ,because the water1 evaporated by the high winds1 falls again in showers to fertilize the earth1 and breaks the violence of the winds4 #bjfh4 ,why is it said that ,march flowers make no summer bowers8 #bjfi4 ,because1 if the spring be very mild1 vegetation gets too forward1 and is pinched by the nightly frosts1 so as to produce neither fruits nor flowers4 #bjgj4 ,why is it said that ,april showers bring ,may flowers8 #bjga4 ,because ,april showers supply the principal nourishment on which the seeds depend for their development4 #bjgb4 ,why does a polished metal teapot make better tea than a black earthen one8 #bjgc4 ,as polished metal is a very bad radiator of heat1 it keeps the water hot much longer2 and the hotter the water is1 the better it draws the tea4 #bjgd4 ,why will not a dull black teapot make good tea8 #bjge4 ,because the heat of the water flies off so quickly1 through the dull black surface of the teapot1 that the water is very rapidly cooled1 and cannot draw the tea4 #bjgf4 ,do not pensioners1 and aged cottagers1 generally prefer the black earthen teapot to the bright metal one8 #bjgg4 ,yes1 because they set it on the hob to draw2 in which case1 the little black teapot will make the best tea4 #bjgh4 ,why will a black teapot make a better tea than a bright metal one1 if it is set on the hob to draw8 #bjgi4 ,because the black teapot will absorb heat plentifully from the fire1 and keep the water hot2 whereas a bright metal teapot 7set upon the hob7 would throw off the heat by reflection4 #bjhj4 ,then sometimes a black earthen teapot is the best1 and sometimes a bright metal one8 #bjha4 ,yes2 when the teapot is set on the hob to draw1 the black earth is the best1 because it absorbs heat2 but when the teapot is not set on the hob the bright metal is the best1 because it radiates heat very slowly1 and therefore keeps the water hot4 #bjhb4 ,why does a saucepan which has been used boil in a shorter time than a new one8 #bjhc4 ,because the bottom and back are covered with soot1 and the black soot rapidly absorbs the heat of the glowing coals4 #bjhd4 ,why should the front and lid of a saucepan be clean and bright8 #bjhe4 ,as they do not come in contact with the fire1 they cannot absorb heat1 and 7being bright7 they will not suffer the heat to escape by radiation4 #bjhf4 ,why should not the bottom and back of a kettle be cleaned and polished8 #bjhg4 ,because they come in contact with the fire1 and 7while they are covered with black soot7 absorb heat freely from the burning coals4 #bjhh4 ,why are dinner-covers made of bright tin or silver8 #bjhi4 ,because light-colored and highly-polished metal is a very bad radiator of heat2 and1 therefore1 bright tin or silver will not allow the heat of the cooked food to escape through the cover by radiation4 #bjij4 ,why should a meat-cover be very brightly polished8 #bjia4 ,if the cover be dull or scratched1 it will absorb heat from the food2 and instead of keeping it hot1 it will make it cold4 #bjib4 ,why should a silver meat-cover be plain1 and not chased8 #bjic4 ,because1 if the cover be chased1 it will absorb heat from the food2 and instead of making it hot1 will make it cold4 #bjid4 ,what is the smoke of a candle8 #bjie4 ,solid particles of carbon1 separated from the wick and tallow1 but not consumed4 #bjif4 ,why are some particles consumed and not others8 #bjig4 ,the combustion of the carbon depends upon its combining with the oxygen of the air4 ,now1 as the outer surface of the flame prevents the access of air to the interior parts1 much of the carbon of those parts passes off in smoke4 #bjih4 ,why do lamps smoke8 #bjii4 ,either because the wick is cut unevenly1 or else because it is turned up too high4 #bajj4 ,why does a lamp smoke1 when the wick is cut unevenly8 #baja4 ,because the points of the jagged edge 7being very easily separated from the wick7 load the flame with more carbon than it can consume2 and as the heat of the flame is greatly diminished by these little bits of wicks1 it is unable to consume even the usual quantity of smoke4 ,the same applies when the wick is turned up too high4 #bajb4 ,why does a lamp-glass diminish the smoke of a wick8 #bajc4 ,because it increases the supply of oxygen to the flame1 by producing a draught2 and it concentrates and reflects the heat of the flame2 in consequence of which the combustion of the carbon is more perfect1 and very little escapes unconsumed4 #bajd4 ,hints about ,making ,butter 7,see page #bhg74--,milk should never be set for butter in a dark1 damp cellar--as in the case with butter-makers in this section--as the cream is thereby moulded before it has had time to rise1 which gives the butter a mouldy taste4 #baje4 ,the milk is allowed to stand too long before being skimmed1 which gives it a cheesy taste4 #bajf4 ,the cream is kept too long before it is churned1 after it is skimmed1 which gives it the taste of the other two2 and also a sour taste4 #bajg4 ,the butter should never be washed in water1 because it takes away that beautiful aroma so essential in good butter4 #bajh4 ,it should never be taken in a person's warm hands1 as the heat melts a certain portion of the globules1 which gives it an oily taste1 and makes it become rancid very soon4 #baji4 ,the milk should be set in good clean tin or earthen pans1 in a dry1 open1 airy and shady place1 above ground1 if possible1 although a cellar may be so built1 and ventilated1 as to answer the purpose4 #baaj4 ,it should never be set over twenty-four hours in warm weather2 and for a dairy of three cows or over1 the cream should be churned every morning1 and never be kept over forty-eight hours1 in warm weather2 in cold weather it may be kept longer4 ,,cleanliness4 #baaa4 ,the want of cleanliness is a fault which admits of no excuse4 ,where water can be had for nothing1 it is surely in the power of every person to be clean4 #baab4 ,the discharge from our bodies1 by perspiration1 renders frequent changes of apparel necessary4 #baac4 ,change of apparel greatly promotes the secretion from the skin1 so necessary to health4 #baad4 ,when that matter which ought to be carried off by perspiration is either retained in the body1 or reabsorbed by dirty clothes1 it is apt to occasion fevers and other diseases4 #baae4 ,most diseases of the skin proceed from want of cleanliness4 ,these indeed may be caught by infection1 but they will seldom continue long where cleanliness prevails4 #baaf4 ,to the same cause must we impute the various kinds of vermin that infest the human body1 houses1 c4 ,these may generally be banished by cleanliness alone4 #baag4 ,perhaps the intention of ,nature1 in permitting such vermin to annoy mankind1 is to induce them to the practice of this virtue4 #baah4 ,one common cause of putrid and malignant fevers is the want of cleanliness4 #baai4 ,these fevers commonly begin among the inhabitants of close1 dirty houses1 who breathe bad air1 take little exercise1 use unwholesome food1 and wear dirty clothes4 ,there the infection is generally hatched1 which spreads far and wide to the destruction of many4 ,hence cleanliness may be considered as an object of the public attention4 #babj4 ,it is not sufficient that ,i be clean myself1 while the want of it in my neighbor affects my health as well as his own4 #baba4 ,if dirty people cannot be removed as a common nuisance1 they ought at least to be avoided as infectious4 ,all who regard their health1 should keep at a distance1 even from their habitations4 #babb4 ,in places where great numbers of people are collected1 cleanliness becomes of the utmost importance4 #babc4 ,it is well known1 that infectious diseases are caused by tainted air4 ,every thing1 therefore1 which tends to pollute the air1 or spread the infection1 ought with the utmost care to be avoided4 #babd4 ,for this reason1 in great towns1 no filth of any kind should be permitted to lie upon the streets4 ,we are sorry to say1 that the importance of general cleanliness does by no means seem to be sufficiently understood4 #babe4 ,it were well if the lower classes of the inhabitants of the ,united ,states would imitate the ,dutch1 in the cleanliness of their streets1 houses1 c4 #babf4 ,water1 indeed1 is easily obtained in ,holland2 but the situation of most towns in the ,united ,states is more favorable to cleanliness4 #babg4 ,nothing can be more agreeable to the senses1 more to the honor of the inhabitants1 or conducive to their health1 than a clean town2 nor does any thing impress a stranger sooner with a disrespectful idea of any people than its opposite4 #babh4 ,it is remarkable1 that1 in most eastern countries1 cleanliness makes a great part of their religion4 ,the ,mahometan1 as well as the ,jewish religion1 enjoins various bathings1 washings1 and purifications4 #babi4 ,no doubt these were designed to represent inward purity2 but they are at the same time calculated for the preservation of health4 #bacj4 ,however whimsical these washings may appear to some1 few things would appear more to prevent diseases than a proper attention to many of them4 #baca4 ,were every person1 for example1 after handling a dead body1 visiting the sick1 c41 to wash and to change his clothes before he went into company1 or sat down to meat1 he would run less hazard either of catching the infection himself1 or communicating it to others4 #bacb4 ,frequent washing not only removes the filth which adheres to the skin1 but likewise promotes the perspiration1 braces the body1 and enlivens the spirits4 #bacc4 ,even washing the feet tends greatly to preserve health4 ,the sweat and dirt with which these parts are frequently covered1 cannot fail to obstruct their perspiration4 ,this piece of cleanliness would often prevent colds and fevers4 #bacd4 ,were people to bathe their feet and hands in warm water at night1 after being exposed to cold or wet through the day1 they would seldom experience any of the fatal effects which often proceed from these causes4 #bace4 ,in places where great numbers of sick people are kept1 cleanliness ought most religiously to be observed4 ,the very smell in such places is often sufficient to make one sick4 ,it is easy to imagine what effect that is likely to have upon the disease4 #bacf4 ,a person in health has a greater chance to become sick1 than a sick person has to get well1 in an hospital or infirmary where cleanliness is neglected4 #bacg4 ,the brutes themselves set us an example of cleanliness4 ,most of them seem uneasy1 and thrive ill1 if they be not kept clean4 #bach4 ,a horse that is kept thoroughly clean1 will thrive better on a smaller quantity of food1 than with a greater1 where cleanliness is neglected4 #baci4 ,even our own feelings are sufficient proof of the necessity of cleanliness4 ,how refreshed1 how cheerful and agreeable does one feel on being shaved1 washed and dressed2 especially when these have been long neglected4 #badj4 ,most people esteem cleanliness2 and even those who do not practice it themselves1 often admire it in others4 #bada4 ,superior cleanliness sooner attracts our regard than even finery itself1 and often gains esteem where the other fails4 #badb4 ,a clean1 fresh1 and well-ordered house exercises over its inmates a moral no less than a physical influence1 and has a direct tendency to make the members of a family sober1 peaceable1 and considerate of the feelings and happiness of each other2 nor is it difficult to trace a connection between habitual feeling of this sort and the formation of habits of respect for property1 for the laws in general1 and even for those higher duties and obligations the observance of which no laws can enforce4 ,,prevention ,,of ,,accidents4 #badc4 ,the following regulations should be engraved on the memories of all3-- #badd4 ,as most sudden deaths come by water1 particular caution is therefore necessary in its vicinity4 #bade4 ,stand not near a tree1 or any leaden spout1 iron gate1 or palisade1 in time of lightning4 #badf4 ,lay loaded guns in safe places1 and never imitate firing a gun in jest4 #badg4 ,never sleep near charcoal2 if drowsy at any work where charcoal fires are used1 take the fresh air4 #badh4 ,carefully rope trees before they are cut down1 that when they fall they may do no injury4 #badi4 ,when benumbed with cold1 beware of sleeping out of doors2 rub yourself1 if you have it in your power1 with snow1 and do not hastily approach the fire4 #baej4 ,beware of damps4 #baea4 ,air vaults1 by letting them remain open some time before you enter1 or scattering powdered lime in them4 #baeb4 ,where a lighted candle will not burn1 animal life can not exist2 it will be an excellent caution1 therefore1 before entering damp and confined places1 to try this simple experiment4 #baec4 ,never leave saddle or draught horses1 while in use1 by themselves1 nor go immediately behind a led horse as he is apt to kick4 #baed4 ,ride not on foot-ways4 #baee4 ,be wary of children1 whether they are up or in bed2 and particularly when they are near the fire1 an element with which they are very apt to amuse themselves4 #baef4 ,leave nothing poisonous open or accessible2 and never omit to write the word ,poison in large letters upon it1 wherever it may be placed4 #baeg4 ,in walking the streets1 keep out of the line of the cellars2 and never look one way and walk another4 #baeh4 ,never throw pieces of orange-peel1 or broken glass bottles1 into the streets4 #baei4 ,never meddle with gunpowder by candle-light4 #bafj4 ,in trimming a lamp with naphtha1 never fill it4 ,leave space for the spirit to expand with warmth4 #bafa4 ,never quit a room1 leaving the poker in the fire4 #bafb4 ,when the brass rod of the stair-carpet becomes loose1 fasten it immediately4 #bafc4 ,in opening effervescing drinks1 such as soda-water1 hold the cork in your hand4 #bafd4 ,quit your house with care on a frosty morning4 #bafe4 ,have your horses' shoes roughed directly there are indications of frost4 #baff4 ,keep lucifer matches in their cases1 and never let them be strewed about4 ,,additional ,,domestic ,,hints4 #bafg4 ,easy method of ,breaking ,glass to any required ,figure4--,make a small notch by means of a file on the edge of a piece of glass1 then make the end of a tobacco-pipe1 or of a rod of iron of the same size1 red hot in the fire1 apply the hot iron to the notch1 and draw it slowly along the surface of the glass in any direction you please3 a crack will follow the direction of the iron4 #bafh4 ,cleansing of ,furniture4--,the cleaning of furniture forms an important part of domestic economy1 not only in regard to neatness1 but also in point of expense4 #bafi4 ,the readiest mode indeed consists in good manual rubbing1 or the essence of elbows1 as it is whimsically termed2 but our finest cabinet-work requires something more1 where brilliancy of polish is of importance4 #bagj4 ,china and ,glass ,ware4--,for the best way of cleaning1 see page #ca4 #baga4 ,much of the red now used in ,china is actually produced by the anotto extracted from the cuttings of scarlet cloth1 which have long formed an article of exportation to ,canton4 #bagb4 ,it ought to be taken for granted that all china or glassware is well tempered2 yet a little careful attention may not be misplaced1 even on that point4 #bagc4 ,ornamental china or glassware are not exposed to the action of hot water in common domestic use4 #bagd4 ,it will be proper never to apply water to them beyond a tepid temperature4 #bage4 ,an ingenious and simple mode of annealing glass has been some time in use by chemists4 ,it consists in immersing the vessel in cold water1 gradually heated to the boiling point1 and suffered to remain till cold1 when it will be fit for use4 #bagf4 ,soap and labor may be saved by dissolving alum and chalk in bran-water1 in which the linen ought to be boiled1 then well rinsed out1 and exposed to the usual process of bleaching4 #bagg4 ,soap may be disused1 or nearly so1 in the getting up of muslins and chintzes1 which should always be treated agreeably to the oriental manner2 that is to wash them in plain water1 and then boil them in congee or rice-water3 after which they ought not to be submitted to the operation of the smoothing iron1 but rubbed smooth with a polished stone4 #bagh4 ,the economy which must result from these processes renders their consideration important to every private family1 in addition to which we must state that the improvements in philosophy extend to the laundry as well as to the wash-house4 ,,agriculture--,,more ,,hints4 7,,see ,,pages #aih ,,and #bfd47 #bagi4 ,small ,farms4--,never have more land in culture than can be well cultivated4 #bahj4 ,be a ,farmer1 not a mere earth-scraper1 lazily scratching up sufficient earth to destroy the face of the soil1 and throw seed away1 or you will always have to scratch hard for a living4 ,but make your farm a source of pride1 and it will surely become a source of profit4 ,make the object to be not to have many1 but rich acres4 #baha4 ,turnip ,fly may be expelled by the use of fish-oil1 one or two gallons to the acre4 #bahb4 ,bone ,dust4--,an ,english proverb says1 ,one ton of bone-dust saves the importation of ten tons of grain4 #bahc4 ,corn4--,sprinkling with salt and water will check the weevil4 ,of all the grains1 corn is the most valuable1 taking into view quantity and price4 ,soaking the seed in a solution of saltpetre keeps off the worm1 and largely increases the crop4 #bahd4 ,rye is more thrifty on soil of a dry1 sandy1 or gravely texture1 if well manured1 and winters best when sown early4 #bahe4 ,lime1 as manure for wheat1 is of great importance ,use about three bushels to the acre4 #bahf4 ,fields4--,as a general rule1 with but few exceptions1 square large fields are more advantageous than small irregular ones1 requiring less fence1 and being more easily watered1 manured1 plowed1 and harvested4 #bahg4 ,musty ,grain is made sweet by putting it in boiling water1 7double the quantity of grain71 letting it cool in the water1 and then drying it well4 ,skim the water4 #bahh4 ,a ,single ,weed may draw out the nourishment that would have given fullness to half-a-dozen ears4 ,to be free from taxes is far less important than to be free from weeds4 #bahi4 ,fences4--,around each post hill the earth1 to carry off the water1 and char the end a few inches above the surface4 ,cedar fences last about #ae years1 which should lead owners to inquire where the fences are to come from hereafter4 #baij4 ,manure4--,every farmer can double the quantity of his domestic or yard manure1 with scarcely any additional expense4 ,at least fifty per cent4 of the nutritive properties of yard manure are lost by drenching of rains1 excessive fermentation1 and injurious application to soil4 #baia4 ,plow deep4--,let a farmer examine the extent and depth to which the roots of grain1 in a loose and favorable soil1 will spread1 and he will cease to wonder at the failure of a crop where the subsoil has never been stirred by the plow4 #baib4 ,green vegetables1 when put under the soil and submitted to the process of decomposition1 are efficacious in restoring exhausted soils4 #baic4 ,fertilizing4--,buckwheat and clover are striking instances of this power in green crops to fertilize soils1 and both have been extensively used for this purpose4 #baid4 ,agriculture is worthy the most liberal patronage of our governments1 state and national2 it ought to be enlightened by a better 7and thorough7 education of the agricultural class4 #baie4 ,three ,pillars of the ,state4--,agriculture1 manufactures1 commerce1 stand together2 but they stand together like pillars in a cluster1 the largest in the centre1 and that largest is agriculture4 #baif4 ,the ,civilizer4--,let us never forget that the cultivation of the earth is the most important labor of man4 ,man1 without the cultivation of the earth1 is in all countries a savage4 ,when tillage begins1 other arts follow4 ,the farmers1 therefore1 are the founders of human civilization4 #baig4 ,independence of ,farmers4--,we live in a country of small farms2 a country1 in which men cultivate with their own hands1 their own fee-simple acres2 drawing not only their subsistence1 but also their spirit of independence1 and manly freedom from the ground they plow4 #baih4 ,the ,glory of ,agriculture4--,the task of working improvements on the earth is much more delightful than all the vain glory which can be acquired by ravaging it with the most uninterrupted career of conquests4--,washington4 ,,cattle4 7,,see ,,page #bhi47 #baii4--,treat ,domestic ,animals kindly and tenderly4--,domestic animals of all kinds from a horse down to a chicken1 should be treated with gentleness and mildness2 men or boys who are rash and bad-tempered1 ought not to be permitted to have charge of them or to interfere with their management4 ,animals that are kept in constant fear of suffering never thrive well1 and they often become vicious and intractable by unkind and cruel treatment4 #bbjj4 ,keep ,stock in good condition4--,an animal may be kept short of food in the latter part of the fall or first of winter1 at a small saving of food but at a loss in the condition of the animal4 #bbja4 ,stables and ,food4--,provide comfortable sheds and stables4 ,remember that a want of comfort is always a waste of flesh4 ,give a sufficiency of food and drink1 with great regularity4 ,a meal ten minutes later than the usual time1 causes the animal to fret1 and fretting lessens flesh4 #bbjb4 ,drink and ,litter4--,most animals will drink several times a day1 and should therefore have it as often as they want it4 ,they should have plenty of clean litter as often as needed4 ,with such management1 there will be an almost incredible saving of food4 ,tight ,stables should always be ventilated4 ,the breath and manure from animals always causes impure air4 #bbjc4 ,oxen4--,being well-mated1 oxen are more easily trained2 and the more easily to effect this1 much self-denial on the part of the driver1 much coolness of temper1 more training by motion and less by voice1 may be highly advantageous to man and beast4 #bbjd4 ,to ,select4--,adopt the practice of selecting best lambs every year1 for stock4 ,in a few years you have first-rate sheep4 ,the same course will produce the same effects in every kind of animal4 #bbje4 ,hogs4--,food4--,if pumpkins1 roots1 apples1 or any of them be fed to fattening hogs with corn1 the advantage will be salutary4 ,most of the food for swine should be cooked4 ,swine fatten much faster on fermented1 than on unfermented food4 ,salt1 charcoal1 and once in a while sulphur1 are excellent for hogs under all circumstances4 ,good ,medicine4--,when your hogs get sick1 you know not of what1 give them ears of corn1 first dipped in tar1 and then rolled in sulphur4 #bbjf4 ,bees4--7,see p4 #agf74--;,every farmer should keep bees2 a few swarms to furnish honey for his own use1 if no more4 ,they toil with unremitting industry1 asking but a full sweep of the wing1 and no monopoly4 ,every man1 in either town or country1 can keep bees to advantage4 #bbjg4 ,care of ,bees in ,winter4--,a cold1 dry1 dark room1 is the best winter-quarters for bees4 ,they will consume less honey than if left on their summer stands1 and will not be weakened by the loss of thousands1 which1 tempted out by the premature warmth1 are caught by the cold winds1 fall to the ground1 and never rise again4 #bbjh4 ,never kill a bee4--,the smoke of the fungus maximus1 or common puff ball1 when dried so as to hold fire1 has a stupefying effect on the bees1 and renders them as harmless as brimstone does1 without any of its deadly effects4 #bbji4 ,mignonette1 ,sweet4--,is especially mentioned as easily cultivated by drills in a garden1 and is one of the finest and richest flowers in the world from which the honey-bee can extract its food4 #bbaj4 ,horses4--,see page #aii4 #bbaa4 ,to cure ,scratches on a ,horse4--,wash the legs with warm strong soap-suds1 and then with beef brine4 ,two applications will cure the worst case4 #bbab4 ,bite of a ,spider4--,catnip bruised and applied to the wound1 is said to be a cure for the bite of a spider4 #bbac4 ,to preserve a ,granary from ,insects and ,weasels4--,make the floor of ,lombardy poplars4 #bbad4 ,to prevent the ,creaking of a ,door4--,rub a bit of soap on the hinges4 #bbae4 ,sulphur is valuable in preserving grapes1 plants1 c41 from insects4 #bbaf4 ,salt is really necessary to horses1 cattle1 and sheep1 and they should be supplied with it at regular stated intervals throughout all seasons of the year4 #bbag4 ,manure1 on a wet soil1 produces but half its effect2 and gypsum1 that grand stimulant of dry soils1 on a wet one is useless4 #bbah4 ,hen-,house should be warm in winter1 well-ventilated1 white-washed1 and kept clean4 ,for the floor1 use slaked lime1 fine gravel or ashes1 or burnt oyster shells4 7,see page #bjj47 #bbai4 ,a single dozen fowls1 properly attended1 will furnish a family with more than #b1jjj eggs in a year1 and #ajj full-grown chickens for fall and winter stores4 #bbbj4 ,expense4--,the expense of feeding the dozen fowls will not amount to #ah bushels of ,indian corn4 ,they may be kept in cities as well as in the country1 and will do as well shut up the year round as to run at large1 with proper care4 #bbba4 ,a ,fact4--,eggs the nearest to roundness produce females1 and those pointed at one end always produce males4 #bbbb4 ,for ,fattening4--,boiled ,indian1 wheat and barley1 is better than oats1 rye1 or buckwheat4 ,one-third is gained by boiling4 #bbbc4 ,eggs1 little boiled or poached1 in small quantity1 convey much nourishment2 the yolk only should be eaten by invalids4 #bbbd4 ,salt for ,poultry4--,salt is good for water-fowls1 but death to land fowls and birds4 #bbbe4 ,salt for ,pigeons4--,pigeons are fond of salt1 and it keeps them in health4 ,lay a large heap of clay near the house1 and let the salt-brine that may be done with in the family be poured upon it4 #bbbf4 ,to ,fatten ,fowls in a short time4--,mix together ground rice well scalded with milk1 and add some coarse sugar4 ,feed them with this in the day-time1 but not too much at once2 let it be pretty thick4 #bbbg4 ,pork cured4--,soon as cool enough to cut1 and before it freezes1 pack a clean cask full1 with plenty of salt on all sides of each piece4 ,fill up with water1 taking care1 by means of a large stone1 to keep the pork under the pickle1 and covered from flies1 in a cellar4 ,never boil pickle4 #bbbh4 ,pork ,feeding4--,it is a well-ascertained fact1 that more meat will be made on half the weight of corn1 if ground and made into mush instead of being fed whole4 #bbbi4 ,in ,smoking ,hams1 c41 be careful not to have the fire too high1 or the smoke-house top tight4 ,it is best done in an upper story1 to which the smoke is conveyed in tubes1 from oak or maple chips in the cellar4 7,see p4 #cbd47 #bbcj4 ,hollow ,horn4--,where supposed to exist1 feed half-peck potatoes twice a week1 and treat your cattle kindly in food and shelter4 #bbca4 ,sheep must be fed well1 kept dry1 have salt often1 and pure air1 and be grazed in hilly stony pastures4 #bbcb4 ,cows4--,those who wish their cows to give large messes of milk in the winter season1 should give them warm drink4 ,the extra trouble will be more than repaid in the increased quantity of milk4 7,see pp4 #bhe-f47 #bbcc4 ,wild ,onion may be destroyed by cultivating corn1 plowing and leaving the field in its plowed state all winter4 #bbcd4 ,remember4--,the great rule in relation to animals holds perfect in its application to vegetables2 breed only from the best animals2 defects and imperfections have always a tendency to propagate themselves1 and are always1 in a greater or less degree1 transmitted4 #bbce4 ,wheat shoots strongest when there is an interval between the time of plowing and sowing1 but barley is most vegetative when sown immediately after the plow4 #bbcf4 ,grease ,wheels4--,fifty parts1 by weight1 of pulverized black lead1 #ej of lard1 #ej of soap1 and #e of quicksilver4 ,rub the lard and mercury first together1 then the lead and soap4 ,if well mixed1 it is invaluable4 #bbcg4 ,plants1 when drooping1 are revived by a few grains of camphor4 #bbch4 ,flowers beginning to fade1 can be restored by putting the stems in scalding water4 #bbci4 ,bacon ,hams in ,summer4--,pack in a barrel1 in clean dry ashes or charcoal2 head up the barrel and put it where it is dry1 and as cool as possible4 #bbdj4 ,timber cut in the spring and exposed to the weather with the bark on1 decays much sooner than that cut in the fall4 #bbda4 ,in ,feeding with corn1 #fj lbs4 ground goes as far as #ajj lbs4 in the kernel4 #bbdb4 ,apples4--,experiments show apples to be equal to potatoes to improve hogs1 and decidedly profitable for fattening cattle4 #bbdc4 ,pears are greatly improved by grafting on the mountain ash4 #bbdd4 ,rats and other vermin are kept away from grain by a sprinkling of garlic when packing the sheaves4 #bbde4 ,wet ,land4--,money skillfully expended in drying land1 by draining or otherwise1 will be returned with ample interest4 #bbdf4 ,grass4--,sweet and nutritious grass gives a richness and flavor to milk1 attainable from no other source4 #bbdg4 ,curing ,fodder4--,bundles may be so placed around centre-poles as to form a hollow-stack1 having a foundation of brush1 sticks1 c41 admitting a circulation of air that will thoroughly cure fodder in the shade4 #bbdh4 ,turnips of small size have double the nutritious matter that large ones have4 #bbdi4 ,ruta ,baga is the only root that increases in nutritious qualities as it increases in size4 #bbej4 ,in transplanting trees1 the hole should not be proportioned to the extent of the roots as they are1 but to their extent as they may be and should be4 #bbea4 ,toads are the very best protection of cabbages against lice4 #bbeb4 ,peach ,trees are protected from hard winters by covering the roots a foot deep with straw1 in ,january1 after the ground has become thoroughly frozen1 which keeps the frost in the ground1 and so prevents the sap from starting until the ,spring is fairly opened4 #bbec4 ,save your ,fire ,wood4--,mr4 ,madison1 in his ,notes of ,agriculture1 says1 ,of all the errors in our rural economy1 none perhaps is to be so much regretted1 because none so difficult to be repaired1 as the excessive and injudicious destruction of fire-wood4 #bbed4 ,sorrel may be killed out by lime1 while ashes have no effect on it4 #bbee4 ,shumac or ,sumac1 a poisonous shrub or plant1 which grows wild in abundance1 and frequently where nothing else will1 is used for dyeing in ,england1 at the rate of thirteen thousand tons per annum4 ,it might be made a source of profit to our farmers4 ,,gardening 7,,see ,,page #bia47 #bbef4 ,kitchen ,garden4--,this is one of the most important parts of general domestic economy1 whenever the situation of a house will permit a family to avail themselves of its assistance1 in aid of butcher's bills4 #bbeg4 ,it is1 indeed1 much to be regretted that small plots of ground1 in the immediate vicinity of the metropolis more especially1 are too often frittered away into shrubberies and baby gardens1 when they might more usefully be employed in raising vegetables for the family1 during the week-day residence in town1 than wasting their sweetness on the smoky air in all the pride of lilac1 hollyhock1 and bachelors' buttons1 to be merely smelled to1 by the whole immigrating household on the day of rest4 #bbeh4 ,with a little care and attention1 a kitchen-garden1 though small1 might be rendered not only useful1 but in fact1 as ornamental as a modern grass carpet2 and the same expense incurred to make the ground a labyrinth of sweets1 might suffice to render it agreeable to the palate1 as well as to the olfactory nerves1 and that even without offending the most delicate optics4 #bbei4 ,it is only in accordance with our plan to give the hint1 and to record such novel points as may facilitate the proposed arrangement4 #bbfj4 ,it is one objection to the adoption of a kitchen garden in front of the dwelling1 or in sight of the family apartments1 that its very nature makes it rather an eye-sore than otherwise at all seasons4 #bbfa4 ,this1 however1 is an objection that may be readily got over by a little attention to neatness and good order1 whilst the plants themselves1 if judiciously attended to1 and the borders sown or planted with ranunculus1 polyanthus1 mignionette1 c41 in succession1 will really be ornamental4 #bbfb4 ,but then1 in cutting the plants for use1 the business must be done neatly1 all useless leaves cleared from the ground1 the roots no longer wanted taken up1 and the ravages of insects to be guarded against by sedulous extirpation4 ,it will also be found a great improvement1 where space will admit of it1 to surround the beds with neat espaliers1 with fruit trees1 or even gooseberry and currant bushes trained along them1 instead of these being suffered to grow in a state of ragged wildness4 ,,drying ,,herbs4 #bbfc4 ,fresh herbs are preferable to dried ones1 but as they cannot always be obtained1 it is most important to dry herbs at the proper seasons3-- #bbfd4 ,basil is in a fit state for drying about the middle of ,august4 #bbfe4 ,burret in ,june1 ,july1 and ,august4 #bbff4 ,chervil in ,may1 ,june1 and ,july4 #bbfg4 ,elder ,flowers in ,may1 ,june1 and ,july4 #bbfh4 ,fennel in ,may1 ,june1 and ,july4 #bbfi4 ,knotted ,marjoram during ,july4 #bbgj4 ,lemon ,thyme end of ,july1 and through ,august4 #bbga4 ,mint end of ,june and ,july4 #bbgb4 ,orange ,flowers ,may1 ,june1 and ,july4 #bbgc4 ,orange ,thyme 7a delicious herb71 ,june and ,july4 #bbgd4 ,parsley ,may1 ,june1 and ,july4 #bbge4 ,sage1 ,august and ,september4 #bbgf4 ,summer ,savory1 end of ,july and ,august4 #bbgg4 ,tarragon1 ,june1 ,july1 and ,august4 #bbgh4 ,thyme1 end of ,july and ,august4 #bbgi4 ,winter ,savory1 end of ,july and ,august4 #bbhj4 ,these herbs always at hand will be a great aid to the cook4 #bbha4 ,herbs should be gathered on a dry day2 they should be immediately well cleansed1 and dried by the heat of a stove1 or ,dutch oven4 #bbhb4 ,the leaves should then be picked off1 pounded and sifted1 and put away for use4 ,,properties ,,and ,,uses ,,of ,,vegetables4 #bbhc4 ,parsley is very cooling and softening4 #bbhd4 ,catnip is a warm herb1 of a diaphoretic or sweating nature4 #bbhe4 ,pennyroyal is much the same1 only more powerful4 ,it retains a very powerful pungent oil4 #bbhf4 ,spearmint is pungent and hot1 but of an astringent nature4 #bbhg4 ,calamint is much the same1 but not so strong4 #bbhh4 ,hoarhound is very strengthening to the lungs1 and is somewhat of a pectoral4 ,it is excellent in a cough1 or stopage in the stomach4 #bbhi4 ,everlasting1 or ,indian ,posey1 is a very balsamic herb--healing and cooling1 and excellent in salves or ointment4 #bbij4 ,johnswort is much the same4 #bbia4 ,pea ,balm is a cooling and sweating herb1 and is good in fevers and inflammations4 #bbib4 ,chamomile is a great restorative to the lungs1 and promotes perspiration4 ,it is good in salves and ointments to take away swellings4 #bbic4 ,mayweed is of a pectoral nature1 and is good for a pain in the side4 #bbid4 ,garden ,coltsfoot is a great restorative to the lungs1 and is good in syrups for coughs4 #bbie4 ,melilot is good in salves and ointments for swellings and inflammations4 ,it is mollifying and cooling4 #bbif4 ,sage is the greatest restorative to human nature of any herb that grows4 #bbig4 ,bloodroot is a very powerful emetic or purge3 steeped in spirits1 it will serve for an emetic2 and boiled in fair water it serves as a purge4 #bbih4 ,mandrake root is an excellent physic1 dried and pounded4 #bbii4 ,cumfrey and ,spikenard are so well known that they need no describing4 #bcjj4 ,elecampane is good in coughs1 yet it is an astringent4 #bcja4 ,cranesbill is an astringent1 and excellent in cankers4 #bcjb4 ,whiteroot is of a physical nature1 and is good to remove wind pent in the stomach1 or part of the bowels4 #bcjc4 ,sassafras root is good for the blood4 #bcjd4 ,so also are ,sarsaparilla1 ,horse ,radish1 ,burdock roots1 ,elder roots4 #bcje4 ,hop roots1 and ,wild ,coltsfoot are good as pectorals4 #bcjf4 ,white and ,yellow ,pond ,lily roots1 the same4 #bcjg4 ,winter's ,bark4--,this is the product of one of the largest trees on ,terra del ,fuego4 ,it is good in dropsy and scurvy4 #bcjh4 ,wild ,jenton is a strong cathartic1 when boiled4 ,,vegetables ,,to ,,cultivate4 #bcji4 ,artichoke4--,sow early in the ,spring1 in rows three inches apart1 or plant suckers4 #bcaj4 ,asparagus4--,sow in ,april1 in good rich soil4 #bcaa4 ,beans4 ,english ,dwarfs4--,plant as early in the ,spring as the ground will work4 #bcab4 ,kidney ,dwarfs4--,plant from end of ,april to about #bjth ,august4 #bcac4 ,pole or ,running4--,plant beginning of ,may1 and at intervals through the season4 #bcad4 ,beets4--,sow in drills1 from early in the ,spring till the middle of ,summer4 ,leave the plants #f to #h inches apart in the drills4 #bcae4 ,borecole is an excellent green4 ,sow in ,fall1 either broadcast or in drills1 as for ,winter ,spinach4 #bcaf4 ,brussels ,sprouts are cultivated for the small heads1 which are attached to the stem4 ,sow in the middle of ,spring1 and treat as ,winter ,cabbage4 #bcag4 ,brocoli produces heads like cauliflower4 ,sow in seed bed about the middle of ,spring4 ,transplant in rich ground when #h or #ab inches high1 and treat as ,winter ,cabbage4 #bcah4 ,cabbage4--,for early cabbage1 sow in ,autumn1 in seed beds4 ,protect during ,winter2 transplant early in the ,spring4 ,for late ,cabbage1 sow in seed bed1 middle of ,spring4 ,transplant early in ,summer4 #bcai4 ,cardoon is much used for salads1 soups1 and stews4 ,treated much like ,celery4 #bcbj4 ,cauliflower4--,sow1 for early1 in seed beds1 in ,autumn2 protect from frost1 in cold frames1 and transplant in rich ground after frost ceases4 ,for late1 manage as ,brocoli4 #bcba4 ,carrots should be sown early in the ,spring1 in deep-dug and well-manured ground1 in drills twelve or eighteen inches apart4 #bcbb4 ,celery should be sown early in the ,spring1 in light rich moist soil4 ,transplant in trenches1 highly manured1 when about six inches high4 ,blanch by earthing up as they advance in growth4 #bcbc4 ,chervil4--,a small salad4 ,sow early in the ,spring1 and after heat of ,summer4 #bcbd4 ,cress4--,used as a salad4 ,sow very thick1 in shallow drills1 at intervals through the season4 #bcbe4 ,corn ,salad4--,used as a salad during the ,winter and ,spring4 ,sow thick1 in drills1 about #ast of ,september1 and cover with straw on the approach of cold4 #bcbf4 ,cucumbers should be planted first week in ,may1 in hills four feet apart2 prepare the ground by incorporating a shovelful of rotten dung in each hill4 #bcbg4 ,endive4--,sow last of ,spring to middle of ,summer1 in shallow drills4 #bcbh4 ,egg-,plant4--,sow in hot-beds early in the ,spring2 transplant in rich warm ground late in the ,spring1 about #cj inches apart4 ,egg-plant seed will not vegetate freely without a substantial heat4 #bcbi4 ,lettuce should be sown in seed bed1 in the middle of ,september2 protect the plants through the ,winter1 and early in the ,spring transplant in rich ground2 or sow in hot-beds1 in ,march1 and at intervals throughout the season4 #bccj4 ,melon4--,plant in hills1 in light sandy earth1 about the first week in ,may4 #bcca4 ,mushroom ,spawn should be planted in hot-beds of dung1 covered with earth4 #bccb4 ,mustard4--,sown like ,cress1 and used for a salad4 #bccc4 ,nasturtium4--,sow in ,may4 ,the flowers and young leaves are used as a salad2 the seed-pods1 with foot-stalk1 are gathered whilst green1 and pickled as a substitute for capers4 #bccd4 ,okra1 or ,gombo1 is one of the best of vegetables4 ,plant in ,may4 ,the seed should be sown thick1 as it is liable to rot in the ground4 ,very rich ground is required4 #bcce4 ,onions should be sown in drills1 early in the ,spring1 in rich ground1 thin1 to stand two or three inches apart4 #bccf4 ,parsley should be sown early in the ,spring4 ,soak in warm water before sowing4 #bccg4 ,parsnip4--,sow in drills #ah inches apart1 in good and deep-dug ground1 early in the ,spring4 #bcch4 ,peas4--,the best soil for ,peas is a light loam4 ,the early sorts require rich ground4 ,sow in drills as early in the ,spring as the ground will work4 #bcci4 ,pepper4--,sow late in ,spring1 in drills1 on a warm border2 or in a frame or hot-bed1 in ,march2 set out plants eighteen inches apart4 #bcdj4 ,pumpkin4--,the ,mammoth ,pumpkin has been grown to the enormous weight of #bbe pounds4 ,plant early in ,may1 in rich soil1 in hills1 eight to ten feet apart each way4 #bcda4 ,radish4--,the early kinds should be sown as soon as the ground can be worked1 in a sheltered situation4 #bcdb4 ,rhubarb should be sown in ,autumn or early in the ,spring2 when in the latter1 transplant in the ensuing ,spring to desired situation4 ,the stems are used for tarts1 and are fit for use before green fruit can be obtained1 being a very desirable substitute4 #bcdc4 ,salsify1 or ,vegetable ,oyster1 should be sown during ,april4 ,the roots boiled1 made into cakes with paste1 and fried like oysters1 much resembles them4 #bcdd4 ,spinach should be sown as soon as the ground can be worked4 ,the soil cannot be too rich for ,spinach4 #bcde4 ,squash4--,cultivate same as ,cucumber4 #bcdf4 ,tomato4--,sow in hills three feet apart1 on a warm border1 early in the ,spring4 ,as the plants advance in growth1 give them support4 #bcdg4 ,turnip4--,for summer use1 sow early in the ,spring4 ,for main crop1 sow close of ,summer4 ,the ,ruta ,baga requires more time to mature1 and should be sown at midsummer4 #bcdh4 ,aromatic and ,sweet ,herbs4--,anise1 ,brazil1 7sweet71 ,caraway1 ,coriander1 99,fennel1 99,lavender1 ,marygold1 ,pot1 ,marjorum1 7sweet71 99,sage1 ,summer ,savory1 99,winter ,savory1 99,thyme1 99,mint1 99,rosemary1 ,dill4 #bcdi4 ,those marked with a 99 are perennial1 and when once obtained1 may be preserved for years4 ,the others are annual4 ,,fruit ,,trees ,,and ,,fruit4 #bcej4 ,fruits1 in a ripe and perfect state1 are beneficial to health1 if not eaten to excess4 #bcea4 ,stunted trees never become vigorous1 nor when too long crowded in nurseries4 #bceb4 ,in ,grafting1 #be well placed are better than #ajj grafts placed at random1 and ten placed injudiciously will change the whole top of a tree in a few years1 when #bjj grafts may be so scattered as not materially to change the top of the tree or its fruit4 ,graft only on such as are sound and vigorous4 #bcec4 ,haggling off limbs and branches and leaving stumps on the trees1 which rot off and let the water into the trunk1 soon destroys the tree2 therefore1 always cut or saw off smooth1 when the wound will heal and the bark grow over4 #bced4 ,sound1 vigorous trees1 and no other1 should be set out1 as they take no more trouble or space than the worthless ones4 #bcee4 ,budding should only be done with fresh buds1 on very small stocks of vigorous growth4 ,begin after sap starts1 until #ast ,june4 ,later will do4 ,make incision like a ,t2 raise the corners and insert the bud with as little of the wood as possible1 and bandage1 not too tight1 for three weeks4 #bcef4 ,scions may be cut in ,february or ,march1 before or at the time the buds begin to swell2 or take grafts size of a pipe-stem1 from bearing branches1 not from side shoots nor the rank growth of the top4 ,put in earth one-third their length1 keep from frost1 and occasionally sprinkle1 to prevent shriveling1 but not so wet as to sprout them4 #bceg4 ,composition4--,resin #h oz41 beeswax1 #c oz42 melt up with lard1 and work it like shoemaker's wax2 for wounds made in pruning or grafting4 #bceh4 ,split the stock1 drive in a wedge six or eight inches long1 open the split so as to admit the graft freely2 sharpen end of graft and insert1 matching the wood of graft and wood of the stock2 remove the wedge carefully1 and cover smooth over with composition1 tight1 to exclude air1 and the sap will force its way to the graft4 #bcei4 ,seed4--,select from healthy trees1 sound1 ripe and fair fruit1 and place in sand1 in a cellar or other cool1 damp place1 until time to plant4 ,if kept too dry1 they seldom vegetate4 ,let the soil be good1 well worked1 not too wet2 cover up and press the ground moderately over4 ,plant in ,fall1 before the ground is frozen1 or in ,spring1 soon as the ground can be worked4 #bcfj4 ,soil4--,low1 wet or marshy ground is not suitable4 ,soil appropriate for crops of grain1 is also adapted to the cultivation of fruit trees1 shrubs or vines4 ,occasional digging1 mellowing the ground1 keeping down underbrush and weeds1 and manuring1 are beneficial4 #bcfa4 ,cleanliness is essential4 ,destroy all caterpillars1 noxious worms and insects1 and prune off all affected parts4 ,scrape off all rough1 ragged bark and moss1 and wash well with soap-suds or cover with a coat of limewash4 ,remove all suckers from the roots1 side branches and excrescences4 #bcfb4 ,grubs1 which occasion disease1 may be prevented by coating the roots and lower trunk1 about ,july #a1 with tar1 train oil1 or whitewash1 and sprinkling a little lime1 ashes1 or soap-suds1 on the ground around the tree4 ,when seriously affected1 dig the earth from the roots near the surface1 and search thoroughly in the bark for the grub2 cleanse off the gum1 c41 wash with ley or soap-suds1 or rub dry ashes over them1 and close up with good fresh earth4 ,doing this as occasion requires1 will ensure health and vigor4 #bcfc4 ,slugs and ,snails are great enemies to every kind of garden-plant1 whether flower or vegetable2 they wander in the night to feed1 and return at daylight to their haunts2 the shortest and surest direction is1 ,rise early1 catch them1 and kill them4--7,see p4 #bha47 #bcfd4 ,another way4--,lay cabbage leaves about the ground1 especially on the beds which they frequent4 ,every morning examine these leaves1 and you will find a great many taking refuge beneath4 #bcfe4 ,caterpillars and ,aphides4--,a garden syringe or engine1 with a cap on the pipe full of very minute holes1 will wash away these disagreeable visitors very quickly4 ,you must bring the pipe close to the plant1 and pump hard1 so as to have considerable force on1 and the plant1 however badly infested1 will soon be cleared without receiving any injury4--7,see p4 #bgg47 #bcff4 ,rake the ,earth4--,every time that you use the syringe or garden-engine1 you must immediately rake the earth under the trees1 and kill the insects you have dislodged1 or many will recover and climb up the stems of the plants4 #bcfg4 ,grubs on ,orchard ,trees4--,make a bonfire with dry sticks and weeds on the windward side of the orchard1 so that the smoke may blow among the trees2 you will destroy thousands2 for the grubs have such an objection to smoke1 that very little of it makes them roll themselves up and fall off2 they must be swept up afterward4 #bcfh4 ,wasps destroy a good deal of fruit1 but every pair of wasps killed in spring saves the trouble and annoyance of a swarm in autumn4 #bcfi4 ,butterflies and ,moths1 however pretty1 are the worst enemies one can have in a garden2 a single insect of this kind may deposit eggs enough to overrun a tree with caterpillars1 therefore they should be destroyed at any cost of trouble4 #bcgj4 ,the only moth that you must spare1 is the common black and red one2 the grubs of this feed exclusively on grounsel1 and are therefore a valuable ally of the gardener4 #bcga4 ,earwigs are very destructive insects2 their favorite food is the petals of roses1 pinks1 dahlias1 and other flowers4 #bcgb4 ,to kill ,earwigs4--,they may be caught by driving stakes into the ground1 and placing on each an inverted flower-pot2 the earwigs will climb up and take refuge under it1 when they may be taken out and killed4--7,see p4 #bgi47 #bcgc4 ,or very deep holes may be made in the ground with a crowbar1 into these they will fall1 and may be destroyed by boiling water4 #bcgd4 ,toads are among the best friends the gardener has2 for they live almost exclusively on the most destructive kinds of vermin4 #bcge4 ,the ,rose ,slug4--,a new and sure mode to destroy these insects1 either when as a fly laying its eggs1 or as a slug1 is the following3-- #bcgf4 ,whale ,oil ,soap1 dissolved at the rate of two pounds to fifteen gallons of water4 #bcgg4 ,mode of ,preparation4--,take whatever quantity of soap you wish to prepare1 and dissolve it in boiling water1 about one quart to a pound2 in this way strain it through a fine wire or hair sieve1 which takes out the dirt1 prevents its stopping the valves of the engine1 or the nose of the syringe2 then add cold water to make it the proper strength4 #bcgh4 ,how to use it4--,apply it to the rose-bush with a hand engine or syringe1 with as much force as practicable1 and be sure that every part of the leaves is well saturated with the liquid4 ,what falls to the ground in application1 will do good in destroying the worms and enriching the soil1 and from its trifling cost1 it can be used with profusion4 #bcgi4 ,the cost4--,a hogshead of #acf gallons costs forty-five cents--not quite four mills per gallon4 ,early in the morning1 or in the evening1 is the proper time to apply it to the plants4 #bchj4 ,mildew on the ,gooseberry1 ,peach1 ,grape-vine1 c41 is checked and entirely destroyed by a weak dressing of the solution4 #bcha4 ,the ,canker ,worm4--,laying soap oil on the trunk and branches of the tree1 at the consistency of thick paint1 destroys the brown1 scaly insect on the bark1 and gives the tree a smooth1 glossy1 and healthy appearance4 #bchb4 ,to free ,plants from ,leaf-,lice4--,mix one ounce of flowers of sulphur with one bushel of sawdust2 scatter this over the plants infected with these insects1 and they will soon be freed1 though a second application may possibly be necessary4 #bchc4 ,keeping ,fruits4--,the three best of eight different modes fairly tried1 are1 #a1 covering in pure dry sand2 #b1 in dry fern2 #c1 in a deal box buried in the earth4 ,in all cases to be kept cool4 #bchd4 ,sunflower yields #adj bushels per acre1 and each bushel one gallon of good oil4 ,its leaves furnish provender2 its seeds1 food for poultry and hogs4 ,it thrives on poor soils4 #bche4 ,to prepare a cheap ,hortus ,siccus4--,all the small plants should be expanded under water1 in a plate1 on a piece of writing-paper4 ,in this state they will assume their natural form and position4 ,then withdraw the paper with the plant gently from the water1 and place them between sheets of blotting-paper1 and press them with a book or flat board4 ,when dry1 it may be placed on writing-paper4 ,,part ,x4 ,,personal ,,matters4 ,dress of ,ladies--,dress of ,gentlemen--,manners--,etiquette of ,society--,dinner ,parties--,courtship--,marriage--,the ,ceremony--,after ,marriage--,social ,intercourse--,our ,house1 etc4 #bchf4 ,importance of ,dress4--,attention to personal appearance is a human duty as well as a required observance in civilized society4 #bchg4 ,the following rules will be found useful in guiding the judgment and taste of those who desire to dress well4 ,,dress ,,of ,,ladies4 #bchh4 ,a young lady should always be neatly attired4 ,a fresh-looking and well-fitting dress is more important than rich materials or showy ornaments4 #bchi4 ,never furbish up old finery1 if you wish to appear really the lady4 ,a clean1 soft1 white muslin gown is far more genteel than a tarnished brocade4 #bcij4 ,colors and ,complexions4--,the great art1 as regards colors of dress1 is to enhance the tints of the complexion1 care being taken to let the flesh appear of a healthy natural hue1 and to avoid wearing those colors which heighten or destroy either the red1 yellow1 or white1 in the natural flesh tints4 #bcia4 ,primitive ,colors4--,out of three primitive colors1 red1 blue1 and yellow1 there are endless mixtures and variations1 and some of these can skillfully be adapted to any complexion2 but to do so1 these two rules must be observed3 the rule of ,harmony and of judicious ,contrast4 #bcib4 ,decided ,colors1 or colors without mixture1 are very unbecoming4 ,a lady all blue in dress would be more disagreeable than a real bleu4 #bcic4 ,red1 and its dark variations1 may be worn by dark persons1 and will harmonize with their complexion4 #bcid4 ,crimson and brilliant red are vulgar and unsuitable1 but purple and dark maroon1 worn by brunettes1 and persons of a dark complexion1 are both becoming and genteel1 either in evening or winter dresses4 #bcie4 ,blue is a becoming color to fair faces and blue eyes4 ,it also looks well worn by brunettes1 when the wearer is youthful4 #bcif4 ,light blue is a beautiful color for spring dresses2 dark blues look better in the autumn and winter4 #bcig4 ,red ,colors4--,light red and pink1 approaching flesh tints1 are becoming both to dark and to fair2 to the former especially1 because they1 by contrast1 set off the complexion4 #bcih4 ,fair persons venturing upon such dresses or trimmings by daylight1 should have clear and excellent complexions1 or the brightness of the color1 from a similarity of tint1 will make their faces appear dirty and clouded4 #bcii4 ,chocolate colors1 and warm browns partaking of red1 may be worn by either fair or dark persons1 provided they be not too pale1 in which case the contrast will render the face chalky or death-like4 #bdjj4 ,yellow in dress1 as well as orange1 is also more becoming to dark than to fair persons4 #bdja4 ,primrose is becoming to fair persons4 ,the trimmings of this color1 the flowers and ribbons1 should be violet1 such contrast being agreeable to art and nature4 #bdjb4 ,maize color is becoming to all complexions1 especially to those which are brilliant4 #bdjc4 ,grain is more becoming to fair than to dark persons1 because in the fair complexion1 brilliancy and depth of color are more frequently found4 #bdjd4 ,pale green should never be worn by the dark1 it rendering them sickly and cadaverous in look4 ,to those of a fair and brilliant complexion it is most becoming4 #bdje4 ,trimmings4--,for trimmings and flowers ladies cannot do better than to study nature1 there being in the leaves of flowers every imaginable tint of green1 whilst the flowers themselves are various in their hue4 #bdjf4 ,artificials should be few1 and perfectly arranged4 ,a load of flowers is a burden1 not a beauty4 #bdjg4 ,the most elegant dresses are black or white4 #bdjh4 ,a vulgar girl wears bright and glaring colors1 fantastically made1 a large flaring1 red1 yellow1 or sky-blue hat1 covered with a rainbow of ribbons1 and all the rings and trinkets she can load upon her4 #bdji4 ,in any assemblage1 the most plainly-dressed woman is sure to be the most lady-like and attractive4 ,neatness is better than richness1 and plainness better than display4 #bdaj4 ,it is a general rule1 applicable to both sexes1 that persons are the best dressed when you cannot remember how they were dressed4 ,avoid every thing out of the way1 uncommon1 or grotesque4 #bdaa4 ,single ladies dress less in fashionable society than married ones2 and all more plainly and substantially for walking or traveling1 than on other occasions4 #bdab4 ,common modesty should prevent indecent exposure of the shoulders and bosom4 #bdac4 ,tight ,lacing4--,no woman who laces tight can have good shoulders1 a straight spine1 good lungs1 sweet breath1 or is fit to be a wife and mother4 #bdad4 ,can it be a pleasant sight to behold a woman cut in two in the middle1 as it were1 like a wasp8 ,on the contrary1 it is as shocking to the eye as it is painful to the imagination4 #bdae4 ,every thing that confines and lays nature under a restraint is an instance of bad taste4 ,this is as true in regard to the ornaments of the body as to the embellishments of the mind4 #bdaf4 ,life1 health1 reason1 and convenience1 ought to be taken first into consideration4 #bdag4 ,gracefulness cannot subsist without ease2 delicacy is not debility2 nor must a woman be sick in order to please4 #bdah4 ,the distinction of the sexes1 notwithstanding that it is so prominent and marked1 still requires a distinctive dress4 ,this has generally1 by all nations1 civilized or savage1 been conceded4 #bdai4 ,this difference has been so permanent1 that any attempt to lessen it--and there have been many--has failed1 and must fail whenever attempted4 #bdbj4 ,robes4--,the outer garment of woman is1 and has been for centuries1 the robe or gown1 and upon the proper choice1 make1 and disposition of this1 and its concomitants1 depends the elegance or inelegance of the wearer4 #bdba4 ,the gown should fall gracefully from the hips1 as free as possible from the odious bustle or hoop4 ,it should fall in long full folds1 and expand gradually to the feet1 which it should touch1 but not entirely cover4 #bdbb4 ,flounces should only be worn by those of a tall1 graceful figure1 and then they should be made of a light material1 gauze1 muslin1 or of stuff akin to it1 so that they fall in gracefully with the outline of the dress4 ,when made of any rich stuff1 which stands out stiffly1 they break the graceful flow of the dress4 #bdbc4 ,flounces1 by marking the height1 at regular intervals1 take away from it1 and make a short figure look shorter4 ,for this reason1 short persons should not wear stripes running in parallel rings round the dress4 ,perpendicular stripes upon a dress make the wearer look taller1 like the flutes in a composite4 #bdbd4 ,the rules which we have given for the color of the dress1 must of course apply to the covering for the head2 the colors must1 to look well1 contrast or harmonize with the complexion4 #bdbe4 ,texture1 material1 and pattern1 should suit1 not only the taste1 but also the purse4 ,there are few greater evils in this country than an inordinate passion for dress4 #bdbf4 ,no one looks so well dressed as those who are dressed properly1 neatly1 and whose attire sets them at their ease4 ,a lady who is so over-dressed as to be constantly afraid of spoiling her gown1 can never be graceful1 since she cannot be at her ease4 #bdbg4 ,the hair should always be neatly brushed and arranged4 #bdbh4 ,ringlets make round faces look longer1 and more oval2 plain bands make the face which is too long1 lose part of that length4 ,this should be studied4 ,it is manifestly absurd to render oneself hideous merely to follow the fashion4 #bdbi4 ,the dress of the foot is important both for beauty and health4 #bdcj4 ,thus1 a thin shoe in winter would be vulgar1 because useless and dangerous to the wearer's health1 and a thick boot in summer would be gauche and vulgar4 #bdca4 ,boots and shoes should be well1 nay1 scientifically made4 ,the foot should be fitted well1 but not compressed4 #bdcb4 ,modern boots and shoes are therefore often made narrow1 just where they should be wide2 and the foot1 instead of being beautiful in shape1 and graceful in its action1 becomes long1 narrow1 distorted1 and ungraceful when used4 #bdcc4 ,gloves must be fresh and well-fitting to make the dress perfect4 #bdcd4 ,ladies' dresses should be chosen so as to produce an agreeable harmony4 #bdce4 ,never put on a dark-colored bonnet with a light spring costume4 #bdcf4 ,avoid uniting colors which will suggest an epigram2 such as a straw-colored dress with a green bonnet4 #bdcg4 ,the arrangement of the hair is most important4 #bdch4 ,bands are becoming to faces of a ,grecian caste4 #bdci4 ,ringlets better suit lively and expressive heads4 #bddj4 ,whatever be your style of face1 avoid an excess of lace1 and let flowers be few and choice4 #bdda4 ,in a married woman1 a richer style of ornament is admissible4 #bddb4 ,costly elegance for the married--for the young girl1 a style of modest simplicity4 #bddc4 ,the most elegant dress loses its character if it is not worn with grace4 #bddd4 ,young girls have often an air of constraint1 and their dress seems to partake of their want of ease4 #bdde4 ,in speaking of her toilet1 a woman should not convey the idea that her whole skill consists in adjusting tastefully some trifling ornaments4 #bddf4 ,a simple style of dress is an indication of modesty4 #bddg4 ,neatness4--,the hands should receive special attention4 ,they are the outward signs of general cleanliness4 ,the same may be said of the face1 the neck1 the ears1 and the teeth4 #bddh4 ,the cleanliness of the system generally1 and of bodily apparel1 pertains to ,health1 and will be treated of under this head4 #bddi4 ,the ,handkerchief4--,there is considerable art in using this accessory of dress and comfort4 #bdej4 ,avoid extreme patterns1 styles1 and colors4 #bdea4 ,never be without a handkerchief4 #bdeb4 ,hold it freely in the hand1 and do not roll it into a ball4 ,hold it by the centre1 and let the corners form a fan-like expansion4 #bdec4 ,avoid using it too much4 ,with some persons the habit becomes troublesome and unpleasant4 #bded4 ,a word to ,young ,ladies4--,if you have blue eyes1 you need not languish4 #bdee4 ,if black eyes1 you need not stare4 #bdef4 ,if you have pretty feet1 there is no occasion to wear short petticoats4 #bdeg4 ,if you are doubtful as to that point1 there can be no harm in letting them be long4 #bdeh4 ,if you have good teeth1 do not laugh for the purpose of showing them4 #bdei4 ,if you have bad ones1 do not laugh less than the occasion may justify4 #bdfj4 ,if you have pretty hands and arms1 there can be no objection to your playing on the harp1 if you play well4 #bdfa4 ,if they are disposed to be clumsy1 work tapestry4 #bdfb4 ,if you have a bad voice1 speak in a rather low tone4 #bdfc4 ,if you have the finest voice in the world1 never speak in a high tone4 #bdfd4 ,if you dance well1 dance but seldom4 #bdfe4 ,if you dance ill1 never dance at all4 #bdff4 ,if you sing well1 make no previous excuses4 #bdfg4 ,if you sing indifferently1 hesitate not a moment when you are asked1 for few people are judges of singing1 but every one is sensible of a desire to please4 #bdfh4 ,if you would preserve beauty1 rise early4 #bdfi4 ,if you would preserve esteem1 be gentle4 #bdgj4 ,if you would obtain power1 be condescending4 #bdga4 ,if you would live happy1 endeavor to promote the happiness of others4 ,,dress ,,of ,a ,,gentleman4 #bdgb4 ,since dress is1 with the world1 the outward sign of both character and condition3 and since it costs no more to dress well than ill1 and is not very troublesome1 every one should endeavor to do the best that his circumstances will allow4 #bdgc4 ,the ,shirt4--,a clean1 unrumpled shirt1 coarse or fine1 cotton or linen1 as you can afford1 is of the first importance4 ,if the choice is between a fine shirt or a fine coat1 have the shirt by all means4 #bdgd4 ,fine ,linen1 and a good hat1 gloves and boots are evidences of the highest taste in dress4 #bdge4 ,a gentleman walking should always wear gloves1 this being one of the characteristics of good breeding4 #bdgf4 ,upon public and ,state occasions1 officers should appear in uniform4 #bdgh4 ,a black coat and trowsers are indispensable for a visit of ceremony1 an entertainment1 or a ball4 #bdgi4 ,the white or black waistcoat is equally proper in these cases4 #bdhj4 ,yellow or white gloves are worn in the ball-room4 #bdha4 ,a neat exterior1 equally free from extravagance and poverty1 almost always proclaims a right-minded man4 #bdhb4 ,to dress appropriately1 and with good taste1 is to respect yourself and others4 #bdhc4 ,neatness4--,a well-bred man may be ever so reduced in his wardrobe--his clothes may be coarse and threadbare1 but he seldom wears a coarse1 and never a dirty shirt4 #bdhd4 ,the ,boots4--,boots are now men's common wear on all occasions1 varying in elegance for different purposes4 ,they should always be clean1 and invariably well blackened and polished4 #bdhe4 ,the ,hat4--,make a point of buying a good hat4 ,one proper fur hat1 worth four or five dollars1 when a year old1 looks more respectable than a silk one bought yesterday4 #bdhf4 ,of the trowsers little need be said4 ,when full at the bottom they serve to hide a large foot4 ,if colored trowsers are worn1 those patterns should be chosen which conform to the rules of taste4 ,bars running across the legs should be avoided1 and also all large staring patterns4 #bdhg4 ,the ,vest allows of some fancy1 but beware of being too fanciful4 ,a black satin is proper for any person or any occasion4 ,nothing is more elegant than pure white4 ,some quiet colors may be worn for variety1 but beware of every thing staring or glaring1 in materials or trimmings4 #bdhh4 ,avoid all singularity in dress2 never wear gaudy waistcoats1 out-of-the-way hats1 or coats of the extreme of sporting fashion3 such things are positively odious4 #bdhi4 ,we may add a few general maxims1 applied to both sexes4 #bdij4 ,all affectation in dress1 says ,chesterfield1 implies a flaw in the understanding4 ,one should therefore avoid being singular1 or eccentric4 #bdia4 ,never dress against any one4 ,choose those garments which suit you1 and look well upon you1 perfectly irrespective of the fact that a lady or gentleman in the same village or street may excel you4 #bdib4 ,when dressed for company1 strive to appear as easy and natural as if you were in undress4 #bdic4 ,dress according to your age4 ,it is both painful and ridiculous to see an old lady dressed as a belle of four-and-twenty2 or an old fellow1 old enough for a grandfather1 affecting the costume and the manners of a beau4 #bdid4 ,young men should be well dressed4 ,not foppishly1 but neatly and well4 ,an untidy person at five-and-twenty1 degenerates1 very frequently1 into a sloven and a boor at fifty4 #bdie4 ,be not too negligent1 nor too studied1 in your attire4 #bdif4 ,let your behavior and conversation suit the clothes you wear1 so that those who know you may feel that1 after all1 dress and external appearance is the least portion of a ,,lady ,,or ,,gentleman4 ,,manners4 #bdig4 ,it is sometimes objected to books upon etiquette1 that they cause those who consult them to act with mechanical restraint1 and to show in society that they are governed by arbitrary rules1 rather than by an intuitive perception of what is graceful and polite4 #bdih4 ,this objection is unsound1 because it supposes that people who study the theory of etiquette1 do not also exercise their powers of observation in society1 and obtain1 by their intercourse with others1 that freedom and ease of deportment1 which society alone can impart4 #bdii4 ,books upon etiquette are useful1 inasmuch as that they expound the laws of polite society4 ,experience alone1 however1 can give effect to the precise manner in which those laws are required to be observed4 #bejj4 ,whatever objections may be raised to the teachings of works upon etiquette1 there can be no sound argument against a series of simple and brief hints1 which shall operate as precautions against mistakes in personal conduct4 #beja4 ,avoid intermeddling with the affairs of others4 ,this is a most common fault4 #bejb4 ,a number of people seldom meet but they begin discussing the affairs of some one who is absent4 ,this is not only uncharitable but positively unjust4 ,it is equivalent to trying a cause in the absence of the person implicated4 #bejc4 ,even in the criminal code1 a prisoner is presumed to be innocent until he is found guilty4 ,society1 however1 is less just1 and passes judgment without hearing the defense4 #bejd4 ,depend upon it1 as a certain rule1 that the people who unite with you in discussing the affairs of others1 will proceed to scandalize you the moment that you depart4 #beje4 ,be consistent in the avowal of principles4 ,do not deny to-day1 that which you asserted yesterday4 ,you may fancy that you gain favor by subserviency2 but so far from gaining favor1 you lose respect4 #bejf4 ,avoid falsehood4 ,there can be found no higher virtue than that of truth4 #bejg4 ,be honest4 ,not only because honesty is the best policy1 but because it is a duty to ,god and to man4 #bejh4 ,avoid idleness--it is the parent of many evils4 ,can you pray1 ,give us this day our daily bread1 and not hear the reply1 ,do thou this day thy daily duty8 #beji4 ,avoid telling idle tales1 which is like firing arrows in the dark2 you know not into whose heart they may fall4 #beaj4 ,avoid talking about yourself2 praising your own works2 and proclaiming your own deeds4 ,if they are good1 they will proclaim themselves2 if bad1 the less you say of them the better4 #beaa4 ,be kind in little things4 #beab4 ,the true generosity of the heart is more displayed by deeds of minor kindness1 than by acts which may partake of ostentation4 #beac4 ,reason is given for man's guidance4 ,passion is the tempest by which reason is overthrown4 ,under the effects of passion1 man's mind becomes disordered1 his face disfigured1 his body deformed4 #bead4 ,a moment's passion has frequently cut off a life's friendship1 destroyed a life's hope1 imbittered a life's peace1 and brought unending sorrow and disgrace4 #beae4 ,avoid pride4 ,if you are handsome1 ,god made you so2 if you are learned1 some one instructed you2 if you are rich1 ,god gave you what you own4 #beaf4 ,the best men throughout all history1 have been the most humble4 #beag4 ,affectation is a form of pride4 ,it is1 in fact1 pride made ridiculous and contemptible4 ,affectation is usually the fault of weak people4 #beah4 ,avoid swearing4 ,an oath is but the wrath of a perturbed spirit4 #beai4 ,it is mean4 ,a man of high moral standing would rather treat an offense with contempt1 than show his indignation by an oath4 #bebj4 ,it is vulgar3 altogether too low for a decent man4 #beba4 ,it is cowardly3 implying a fear of either not being believed or obeyed4 #bebb4 ,it is ungentlemanly4 ,a gentleman1 according to ,webster1 is a genteel man--well-bred1 refined4 #bebc4 ,it is indecent3 offensive to delicacy1 and extremely unfit for human ears4 #bebd4 ,it is foolish4 ,want of decency is want of sense4 #bebe4 ,it is abusive--to the mind which conceives the oath1 to the tongue which utters it1 and to the person at whom it is aimed4 #bebf4 ,it is venomous1 showing a man's heart to be as a nest of vipers2 and every time he swears1 one of them starts out from his head4 #bebg4 ,it is contemptible--forfeiting the respect of all the wise and good4 #bebh4 ,it is wicked3 violating the ,divine law1 and provoking the displeasure of ,him who will not hold him guiltless who takes his name in vain4 #bebi4 ,be a gentleman4 ,swear not at all4 #becj4 ,moderation1 decorum1 and neatness1 distinguish the gentleman2 he is at all times affable1 diffident1 and studious to please4 ,intelligent and polite1 his behavior is pleasant and graceful4 #beca4 ,appear only to be a gentleman1 and its shadow will bring upon you contempt2 be a gentleman1 and its honors will remain even after you are dead4 #becb4 ,the foregoing remarks may be said to apply to the moral conduct1 rather than to the details of personal manners4 #becc4 ,great principles1 however1 suggest minor ones2 and hence from the principles laid down1 many hints upon personal behavior may be gathered4 #becd4 ,be hearty in your salutations4 #bece4 ,be true in your professions4 #becf4 ,discreet and sincere in your friendships4 #becg4 ,like to listen rather than to talk4 #bech4 ,behave1 even in the presence of your relations1 as though you felt respect to be due to them4 #beci4 ,in society never forget that you are but one of many4 #bedj4 ,visiting a friend1 conform to the rules of his home4 #beda4 ,lean not upon his tables1 nor rub your feet against his chairs4 #bedb4 ,pry not into letters that are not your own4 #bedc4 ,pay unmistakable respect to ladies everywhere4 #bedd4 ,beware of foppery and of silly flirtation4 #bede4 ,in public places1 be not pertinacious of your rights4 #bedf4 ,find pleasure in making concessions4 #bedg4 ,speak distinctly4 #bedh4 ,look at the person to whom you speak4 #bedi4 ,when you have spoken1 give him an opportunity to reply4 #beej4 ,avoid drunkenness as you would a curse2 and modify all appetites1 especially those that are acquired4 #beea4 ,dress well1 but not superfluously4 #beeb4 ,be neither like a sloven1 nor like a stuffed model4 #beec4 ,keep away all uncleanly appearances from the person4 ,let the nails1 the teeth1 and in fact1 the whole system receive salutary rather than studied care4 ,but let these things receive attention at the toilet--not elsewhere4 #beed4 ,avoid displaying excess of jewelry4 ,nothing looks more effeminate upon a man4 #beee4 ,every one of these suggestions may be regarded as the centre of many others1 which the earnest mind can not fail to discover4 #beef4 ,avoid envy1 for it can not benefit you1 nor can it injure those against whom it is cherished4 #beeg4 ,avoid disputation1 for the mere sake of argument4 #beeh4 ,be sociable2 avoid reserve in society4 #beei4 ,remember that the social elements1 like the air we breathe1 are purified by motion4 ,thought illumines thought1 and smiles win smiles4 #befj4 ,be punctual4 ,one minute too late has lost many a golden opportunity4 ,besides which1 the want of punctuality is an affront offered to the person to whom your presence is due4 #befa4 ,be polite4 ,politeness is the poetry of conduct--and like poetry it has many qualities4 #befb4 ,let not your politeness be too florid1 but of that gentle kind which indicates refined nature4 #befc4 ,it is true1 indeed1 that we should not dissemble and flatter in company2 but a man may be very agreeable1 strictly consistent with truth and sincerity1 by a prudent silence where he can not concur1 and a pleasing assent where he can4 #befd4 ,now and then you meet with a person so exactly formed to please1 that he will gain upon every one that hears or beholds him2 this disposition is not merely the gift of nature1 but frequently the effect of much knowledge of the world1 and a command over the passions4 #befe4 ,ceremonies4--,all ceremonies are in themselves very silly things2 but1 yet a man of the world should know them4 ,they are the outworks of manners and decency1 which would be too often broken in upon1 if it were not for that defense which keeps the enemy at a proper distance4 #beff4 ,therefore always treat fools and coxcombs with great ceremony1 true good-breeding not being a sufficient barrier against them4 #befg4 ,agreeableness4--,the true art of being agreeable is to appear well-pleased with all the company1 and rather to seem well entertained with them than to bring entertainment to them4 #befh4 ,eschew personalities and personal adventures2 nothing is more tedious than one who is addicted to talk prodigiously about himself4 #befi4 ,never1 in a mixed company1 speak disrespectfully of woman4 #begj4 ,treat your parents with the greatest possible respect4 ,restrain yourself even from smiling at their foibles1 or their weaknesses4 ,obey them1 even should you yourself be of mature age4 #bega4 ,to restrain your desire for indulgences is not only well bred1 but it is heroic2 much good results from it4 ,watch well the little sins1 and you will escape those which are more gross4 ,this applies1 not only to morals1 but to the minor morals--the manners4 #begb4 ,a badly-tempered man1 and he who has no command over his passions1 will rarely become a polished gentleman4 #begc4 ,if you have children1 be careful to behave well before them4 ,remember that the child naturally and easily imitates the actions of his parent1 be they good or evil4 #begd4 ,any thing which is essentially out of place is vulgar4 ,thus1 an over familiarity with servants is vulgar1 because it is out of place1 and can only lead to a bad result4 ,,rules ,,of ,,etiquette4 #bege4 ,in walking with a gentleman1 the step of the lady must be lengthened1 and his shortened1 to prevent the hobbling appearance of not keeping step4 #begf4 ,of course1 the conversation of a stranger1 beyond asking a necessary question1 must be considered as a gross insult1 and repelled with proper spirit4 #begg4 ,having dressed yourself1 pay no further attention to your clothes4 ,few things look worse than a continual fussing with your attire4 #begh4 ,never scratch your head1 pick your teeth1 clean your nails1 or worse than all1 pick your nose in company2 all these things are disgusting4 ,spit as little as possible1 and never upon the floor4 #begi4 ,do not lounge on sofas1 nor tip back your chair1 nor elevate your feet4 #behj4 ,if you are going into the company of ladies1 beware of onions1 spirits1 and tobacco4 #beha4 ,if you can sing or play1 do so at once when requested1 without requiring to be pressed1 or make a fuss4 #behb4 ,on the other hand1 let your performance be brief1 or1 if ever so good1 it will be tiresome4 #behc4 ,when a lady sits down to the pianoforte1 some gentleman should attend her1 arrange the music-stool1 and turn over the leaves4 #behd4 ,do not make yourself too conspicuous in those attentions4 ,the lady1 not the gentleman1 is the performer4 #behe4 ,never tattle1 nor repeat in one society any scandal or personal matter you hear in another4 #behf4 ,give your own opinion of people1 if you please1 but never repeat that of others4 #behg4 ,meeting an acquaintance among strangers in the street or a coffee-house1 never address him by name4 ,it is vulgar and annoying4 #behh4 ,it is not considered fashionable to introduce two persons who accidentally meet in your parlor1 and who are paying you a morning visit4 #behi4 ,never introduce in the street1 unless the third person joins and walks with you4 ,you may make an exception to this rule when the parties are mutually desirous of knowing one another4 #beij4 ,when a gentleman is presented to a lady1 if she is in her own house and desires to welcome him1 she may shake hands with him2 but on any other occasion1 unless the gentleman is venerable1 or the bosom friend of the husband or father1 this practice is reprehensible4 #beia4 ,a lady is at liberty either to take another lady or a gentleman to pay a morning visit to a friend1 without asking permission2 but she should never allow a gentleman the same liberty4 #beib4 ,a lady who is invited to an evening assembly may always request a gentleman who has not been invited by the lady of the house1 to accompany her4 #beic4 ,if you are walking with one lady1 do not stop to converse with others who are unknown to her2 as she must necessarily feel unpleasant2 but1 if with a gentleman1 you may do as you please4 #beid4 ,visits and ,presentations4--,friendship calls should be made in the forenoon1 and require neatness1 without costliness of dress4 #beie4 ,calls to give invitations to dinner parties1 or balls1 should be very short1 and should be paid in the afternoon4 #beif4 ,visits of condolence require a grave style of dress4 #beig4 ,a formal visit should never be made before noon4 ,if a second visitor is announced1 it will be proper for you to retire1 unless you are very intimate1 both with the host and the visitor announced2 unless1 indeed1 the host expresses a wish for you to remain4 #beih4 ,visits after balls or parties should be made within a month4 #beii4 ,in the latter1 it is customary to enclose your card in an envelope1 bearing the address outside4 ,this may be sent by post1 if you reside at a distance4 ,but1 in the neighborhood1 it is polite to send your servant1 or to call4 ,in the latter case1 a corner should be turned down4 #bfjj4 ,scrape your shoes and use the mat4 #bfja4 ,when a new visitor enters a drawing-room1 if it be a gentleman1 the ladies bow slightly2 if a lady1 the guests rise4 #bfjb4 ,hold your hat in your hand1 unless requested to place it down4 ,then lay it beside you4 #bfjc4 ,the last arrival in a drawing-room takes a seat left vacant near the mistress of the house4 #bfjd4 ,a lady is not required to rise on receiving a gentleman1 nor to accompany him to the door4 #bfje4 ,when your visitor retires1 ring the bell for the servant4 ,you may then accompany your guest as far toward the door as the circumstances of your friendship seem to demand4 #bfjf4 ,request the servant1 during the visit of guests1 to be ready to attend to the door the moment the bell rings4 #bfjg4 ,when you introduce a person pronounce the name distinctly1 and say whatever you can to make the introduction agreeable4 ,such as an old and valued friend1 a school-fellow of mine1 an old acquaintance of our family4 #bfjh4 ,never stare about you in a room as if you were taking stock4 #bfji4 ,the gloves should not be removed during a visit4 #bfaj4 ,be hearty in your reception of guests4 ,and where you see much diffidence1 assist the stranger to throw it off4 #bfaa4 ,a lady does not put her address on her visiting card4 #bfab4 ,in all your associations1 keep constantly in view the adage1 too much freedom breeds contempt4 #bfac4 ,never be guilty of practical jokes2 if you accustom yourself to them1 it is probable you will become so habituated as to commit them upon persons who will not allow of such liberties3 ,i have known a duel to arise from a slap on the back4 #bfad4 ,if there be another chair in the room1 do not offer a lady that from which you have just risen4 #bfae4 ,always suspect the advances of any person who may wish for your acquaintance1 and who has had no introduction3 circumstances may qualify this remark1 but as a general principle1 acquaintances made in a public room or place of amusement are not desirable4 #bfaf4 ,never converse while a person is singing2 it is an insult not only to the singer1 but to the company4 #bfag4 ,the essential part of good breeding is the practical desire to afford pleasure1 and to avoid giving pain4 ,any man possessing this desire1 requires only opportunity and observation to make him a gentleman4 #bfah4 ,always take off your hat when handing a lady to her carriage1 or the box of a theatre1 or a public room4 #bfai4 ,if1 in a public promenade1 you pass and repass persons of your acquaintance1 it is only necessary to salute them on the first occasion4 #bfbj4 ,do not affect singularity of dress by wearing any thing that is so conspicuous as to demand attention2 and particularly avoid what ,i believe ,i must call the ruffian style4 #bfba4 ,never lose your temper at cards1 and particularly avoid the exhibition of anxiety or vexation at want of success4 #bfbb4 ,if you are playing whist1 not only keep your temper1 but hold your tongue2 any intimation to your partner is decidedly ungentlemanly4 #bfbc4 ,let presents to a young lady be characterized by taste1 not remarkable for intrinsic value4 #bfbd4 ,except under very decided circumstances1 it is both ungentlemanly and dangerous to cut a person3 if you wish to rid yourself of any one's society1 a cold bow in the street1 and particular ceremony in the circles of your mutual acquaintance1 is the best mode of conduct to adopt4 #bfbe4 ,never introduce your own affairs for the amusement of a company2 it shows a sad want of mental cultivation1 or excessive weakness of intellect4 #bfbf4 ,recollect1 also1 that such a discussion cannot be interesting to others1 and that the probability is that the most patient listener is a complete gossip1 laying the foundation for some tale to make you appear ridiculous4 #bfbg4 ,when you meet a gentleman with whom you are acquainted1 you bow1 raising your hat slightly with the left hand1 which leaves your right at liberty to shake hands if you stop4 #bfbh4 ,if the gentleman is ungloved1 you must take off yours1 not otherwise4 #bfbi4 ,meeting a lady1 the rule is that she should make the first salute1 or at least indicate by her manner that she recognizes you4 #bfcj4 ,your bow must be lower1 and your hat carried further from your head3 but you never offer to shake hands2 that is her privilege4 #bfca4 ,the right1 being the post of honor1 is given to superiors and ladies1 except in the street1 when they take the wall1 as furthest from danger from passing carriages1 in walking with or meeting them4 #bfcb4 ,in walking with a lady1 you are not bound to recognize gentlemen with whom she is not acquainted1 nor have they1 in such a case1 any right to salute1 much less to speak to you4 #bfcc4 ,whenever or wherever you stand1 to converse with a lady1 or while handing her into or out of a carriage1 keep your hat in your hand4 #bfcd4 ,should her shoe become unlaced1 or her dress in any manner disordered1 fail not to apprize her of it1 respectfully1 and offer your assistance4 ,a gentleman may hook a dress or lace a shoe with perfect propriety1 and should be able to do so gracefully4 #bfce4 ,whether with a lady or gentleman1 a street talk should be a short one2 and in either case1 when you have passed the customary compliments1 if you wish to continue the conversation1 you must say1 ,permit me to accompany you4 #bfcf4 ,don't sing1 hum1 whistle1 or talk to yourself1 in walking4 ,endeavor1 besides being well dressed1 to have a calm good-natured countenance4 ,a scowl always begets wrinkles4 #bfcg4 ,it is best not to smoke at all in public1 and none but a ruffian in grain will inflict upon society the odor of a bad cigar1 or that of any kind on ladies4 #bfch4 ,ladies are not allowed1 upon ordinary occasions1 to take the arm of any one but a relative or an accepted lover in the street1 and in the day time2 but in the evening--in the fields1 or in a crowd1 wherever she may need protection--she should not refuse it4 #bfci4 ,the lady should pass her hand over the gentleman's arm merely1 but should not walk at arm's length apart1 as country girls sometimes do4 ,,dinner ,,parties4 #bfdj4 ,we will begin with the invitation1 the reply to which you will make at once1 for obvious reasons1 and address it to the mistress of the house4 #bfda4 ,if you accept1 arrive at the house very punctually1 not too late nor too early1 both are inconvenient1 but the latter irreparable4 ,get there1 therefore1 a little before the time1 and wait till the precise moment before knocking4 #bfdb4 ,if you arrive by some accident a great deal too late1 do not disturb the party by going in2 send your card and an apology from some neighboring place4 #bfdc4 ,the host1 if attentive1 will point out to gentlemen the ladies whom he wishes them to conduct to table--always follow his directions4 #bfdd4 ,if either at dinner or at supper he should offer you the place of honor1 never refuse it4 ,to do so1 as some do1 is to show a pretended modesty2 it keeps the rest of the company standing1 and is vulgar in the extreme4 #bfde4 ,the great requisites in the office of host are to be a good carver 7if they carve at table71 a calm temper1 and a wish to place every one perfectly at his ease4 #bfdf4 ,the company should be so arranged that each lady will have some gentleman at her side1 to assist her4 ,of course1 it is every gentleman's duty1 first of all to see that ladies near him are attended to4 #bfdg4 ,the lady of the house sits at the head of the table1 and the gentleman opposite1 at the foot4 ,the place of honor for gentlemen1 is on each side of the mistress of the house--for ladies1 on each side of the master4 #bfdh4 ,when napkins are provided1 they are at once carefully unfolded1 and laid on the knees4 #bfdi4 ,observe1 if grace is to be said1 and keep a proper decorum4 ,if soup is served1 take a piece of bread in the left hand1 and the spoon in the right1 and sip noiselessly from the side of the spoon4 #bfej4 ,do not take two plates of the same kind of soup1 and never tip up the plate4 #bfea4 ,when regular courses are served1 the next dish is fish4 ,if silver or wide-pronged forks are used1 eat with the fork in the right hand--the knife is unnecessary4 #bfeb4 ,if dishes are carved by the servants1 they must be taken to a sideboard from the proper position on the table1 as they are required4 #bfec4 ,take whatever is given you if you intend to eat it2 do not offer it to your neighbor1 and begin at once to eat4 ,the stiff formality of waiting till1 as it were1 all have a fair start1 is vulgar in the extreme4 #bfed4 ,attend to the wants of the lady who sits next to you1 but do not watch her plate or use any offensive vulgarism4 #bfee4 ,the host should never recommend or eulogize any particular dish2 his guests will take it for granted that any thing found at his table is excellent4 #bfef4 ,the host must not relinquish his knife or fork till his guests have finished4 #bfeg4 ,it is not usual to drink wine with any of the company present2 if you1 however1 find it the custom where you dine1 adopt it at once4 ,champagne is drunk between the meats and the dessert4 #bfeh4 ,never address a servant1 nor ever speak of one at dinner4 #bfei4 ,should a gentleman send you wine at a public table1 or ask the honor of a glass with you1 observe when he raises his glass1 and do the same1 bowing1 whether you drink or not4 #bffj4 ,as a general rule1 in helping any one at table1 never use a knife when you can use a spoon4 #bffa4 ,if at dinner you are requested to help any one to sauce1 do not pour it over the meat or vegetables1 but on one side4 #bffb4 ,if you should have to carve and help a joint1 do not load a person's plate--it is vulgar2 also in serving soup1 one ladleful to each plate is sufficient4 #bffc4 ,eat peas with a dessert spoon1 and curry also4 ,tarts and puddings are to be eaten with a spoon4 #bffd4 ,after the dinner1 a rose-water dish is passed round2 dip a corner of your napkin in it1 and refresh your mouth and hands4 ,finger-glasses are not in vogue4 #bffe4 ,be careful not to drink too much wine2 and join the ladies in the drawing-room as quickly as possible4 #bfff4 ,ladies1 although allowed a great latitude of dress at dinner-parties1 should never be extravagantly fine4 ,,balls ,,and ,,evening ,,parties4 #bffg4 ,an invitation to a ball should be given at least a week beforehand4 #bffh4 ,upon entering1 first address the lady of the house2 and after her1 the nearest acquaintances you may recognize in the house4 #bffi4 ,if you introduce a friend1 make him acquainted with the names of the chief persons present4 ,but first present him to the lady of the house1 and to the host4 #bfgj4 ,appear in full dress4 #bfga4 ,always wear gloves4 #bfgb4 ,do not wear rings on the outside of your gloves4 #bfgc4 ,avoid an excess of jewelry4 #bfgd4 ,do not select the same partner frequently4 #bfge4 ,distribute your attention as much as possible4 #bfgf4 ,pay respectful attention to elderly persons4 #bfgg4 ,be cordial when serving refreshments1 but not importunate4 #bfgh4 ,if there are more dancers than the room will accommodate1 do not join in every dance4 #bfgi4 ,in leaving a large party1 it is unnecessary to bid farewell1 and improper to do so before the guests4 #bfhj4 ,a ,paris card of invitation to an evening party usually implies that you are invited for the season4 #bfha4 ,the host and hostess should look after their guests1 and not confine their attentions4 ,they should1 in fact1 assist those chiefly who are the least known in the room4 #bfhb4 ,avoid political and religious discussions4 ,if you have a hobby1 keep it to yourself4 #bfhc4 ,after dancing1 conduct your partner to a seat4 #bfhd4 ,resign her as soon as her next partner advances4 ,,courtship ,,and ,,marriage4 #bfhe4 ,no union should be undertaken until both of the contracting parties are fully acquainted with each other's disposition4 #bfhf4 ,if either man or woman are subject to indulge in any foible1 or known vice1 such as irritability1 idleness1 love of scandal1 drunkenness1 or worse1 he or she should not marry till that vice is conquered4 #bfhg4 ,when before union there is an unreasonable1 absurd1 and romantic degree of affection1 that marriage will probably be an unhappy one4 #bfhh4 ,when a woman knows a man to be addicted to any known self-indulgence1 or to that which the world too frequently calls pleasure1 she should discountenance him4 #bfhi4 ,position in society is frequently reckoned as more than an equivalent for riches4 ,yet neither a wise man nor woman will seek to marry greatly out of their sphere of life4 #bfij4 ,when you are going to marry1 do not expect more from life than life will afford4 #bfia4 ,for acquirements1 look more to solid knowledge1 either in wife or husband1 than to accomplishments4 #bfib4 ,when a young man admires a lady1 and thinks her society necessary to his happiness1 it is proper1 before committing himself1 or inducing the object of his admiration to do so1 to apply to her parents or guardians for permission to address her2 this is a becoming mark of respect1 and the circumstances must be very peculiar1 which would justify a deviation from this course4 #bfic4 ,young men frequently amuse themselves by playing with the feelings of young women4 ,they visit them often1 they walk with them1 they pay them divers attentions1 and after giving them an idea that they are attached to them1 they either leave them1 or1 what is worse1 never come to an explanation of their sentiments4 ,this is to act the character of a dangler1 a character truly dastardly and infamous4 #bfid4 ,in case of rejection1 the gentleman should at once1 unless under peculiar circumstances1 abstain from his suit4 ,unless he does so1 his conduct becomes persecuting4 #bfie4 ,ladies should never1 by the slightest familiarity1 encourage any one whom they would object to marry4 #bfif4 ,rejection should be courteous1 definite1 and decisive2 but couched in a manner that1 whilst it deprives the suitor of hope1 inflicts no pain4 #bfig4 ,engaged people should avoid compliments in company4 #bfih4 ,a proposal being made1 the lady should first signify her own willingness1 and then refer her suitor to her parents4 #bfii4 ,in public1 or in company1 the conduct of lovers should be guarded4 ,avoid all show of extreme preference4 ,neither caress nor chide before others4 #bgjj4 ,letters1 trinkets1 and presents1 when engagements are broken off1 are always returned by both parties4 #bgja4 ,long engagements are dangerous4 #bgjb4 ,if a gentleman does not intend to marry a lady1 he has no right to make his attentions peculiar4 ,he should consider her true interest1 and he would not trifle with her affections4 #bgjc4 ,love's ,telegraph4--,if a gentleman wants a wife1 he wears a ring on the first finger of the left hand2 if he is engaged1 he wears it on the second finger2 if married1 on the third2 and on the fourth1 if he never intends to be married4 #bgjd4 ,when a lady is not engaged1 she wears a hoop or diamond on her first finger2 if engaged1 on the second2 if married1 on the third2 and on the fourth1 if she intends to die a maid4 #bgje4 ,when a gentleman presents a fan1 flower1 or trinket1 to a lady with the left hand1 this on his part1 is an overture of regard2 should she receive it with the left hand1 it is considered as an acceptance of his esteem2 but if with the right hand1 it is a refusal of the offer4 #bgjf4 ,thus1 by a few simple tokens1 explained by rule1 the passion of love is expressed3 and1 through the medium of the telegraph1 the most timid and diffident man may1 without difficulty1 communicate his sentiments of regard to a lady1 and in case his offer should be refused1 avoid experiencing the mortification of an explicit refusal4 #bgjg4 ,marriage ,ceremony4--,weddings are everywhere accompanied with some degree of ceremony1 and are usually considered as occasions of festivity4 #bgjh4 ,the preliminaries having been arranged by the contracting parties1 and the lady having named the happy day1 preparations are made for the wedding4 #bgji4 ,those who belong to the ,episcopal and ,roman ,catholic churches are usually married at church1 in the morning1 and by the prescribed forms4 #bgaj4 ,in some cases there is a wedding-party given in the evening2 in others1 the happy couple make a short wedding tour1 and issue cards of invitation on their return4 #bgaa4 ,where a wedding is celebrated in the usual forms1 cards of invitation are issued at least a week beforehand4 #bgab4 ,the hour selected is usually eight o'clock1 ,p4 ,m4 #bgac4 ,wedding cakes1 wines1 and other refreshments are provided by the bride and her friends for the occasion4 #bgad4 ,the bride is usually dressed in pure white--she wears a white vail1 and her head is crowned with a wreath of white flowers1 usually artificial2 and orange blossoms are preferred4 #bgae4 ,she should wear no ornaments but such as her intended husband or her father may present her for the occasion--certainly no gift1 if any such were retained1 of any former sweetheart4 #bgaf4 ,the bridesmaid1 or bridesmaids1 if there be two1 or more1 are generally younger than the bride1 and should also be dressed in white1 but more simply4 #bgag4 ,the bridegroom must be in full dress1 that is1 he must wear a dress coat1 which if he pleases1 may be faced with white satin2 a white satin vest1 black pantaloons1 and dress boots or pumps1 black silk stockings1 and white kid gloves1 and a white cravat4 #bgah4 ,the bridegroom is attended by one or two1 or more1 groomsmen1 who should be dressed in a similar manner4 #bgai4 ,it is the duty of the bridesmaids to assist in dressing the bride1 and making the necessary preparations for the entertainment of the guests4 #bgbj4 ,the chief groomsman engages the clergyman or magistrate1 and upon his arrival introduces him to the bride and bridegroom1 and the friends of the parties4 #bgba4 ,the invited guests1 upon their arrival1 are received as at other parties1 and after visiting the dressing-rooms1 and arranging their toilettes1 they proceed to the room where the ceremony is to be performed4 #bgbb4 ,in some cases the marriage is performed before the arrival of the guests4 #bgbc4 ,when the hour for the ceremony has arrived1 and all things are ready1 the wedding party1 consisting of the happy couple1 with the bridesmaids and groomsmen1 walk into the room arm in arm4 #bgbd4 ,the groomsmen1 each attending the bridesmaids1 precede the bride and bridegroom1 and take their position at the head of the room1 which is usually the end furthest from the entrance2 the bride standing facing the assembly on the left of the bridegroom--the bridesmaids taking their position at her left1 and the groomsmen at the right of the bridegroom4 #bgbe4 ,the principal groomsman now formally introduces the clergyman or magistrate to the bride and bridegroom1 and he proceeds to perform the marriage ceremony2 if a ring is to be used1 the bridegroom procures a plain gold one1 previously taking some means to have it of the proper size4 #bgbf4 ,as soon as the ceremony is over1 and the bridegroom has kissed the bride1 the clergyman or magistrate shakes hands with the bride1 saluting her by her newly-acquired name1 as ,mrs4 ----1 and wishes them joy1 prosperity and happiness4 #bgbg4 ,then the groomsmen and bridesmaids do the same2 and then the principal groomsmen brings to them the other persons in the room1 commencing with the parents and relatives of the parties1 the bride's relatives having precedence1 and ladies being accompanied by gentlemen4 #bgbh4 ,in this manner1 all present are expected to make their salutations and congratulations1 first to the newly-married couple1 and then to their parents and friends4 #bgbi4 ,and where the wedding ceremony has been performed before the arrival of the guests1 they are received near the door1 having1 of course1 first visited the dressing-rooms1 and are introduced in the same manner4 #bgcj4 ,the groomsman takes occasion1 before the clergyman or magistrate leaves1 to privately thank him for his attendance1 at the same time placing in his hand the marriage fee1 which is wrapped up nicely in paper1 and if more than the legal sum1 as is frequently the case where the parties are wealthy1 it is usually in gold4 #bgca4 ,the bridegroom1 of course1 takes an early opportunity to reimburse his groomsman for necessary expenses4 #bgcb4 ,when the presentations and congratulations are over1 that is1 when the guests have arrived1 the bridal party1 which till now has kept its position1 mingles with the rest of the company1 and joins in the dancing or other amusements4 #bgcc4 ,the practice of kissing the bride is not so common as formerly1 and in regard to this1 the taste of the bridegroom may be consulted1 as the rest of the company follow the example of the groomsman2 but the parents and very near relatives of the parties1 of course1 act as affection prompts them4 #bgcd4 ,when the ceremony is performed according to the ,protestant ,episcopal service1 the order of going to church is as follows3 #bgce4 ,the bride1 accompanied by her father1 not unfrequently her mother1 and uniformly by a bridesmaid1 occupies the first carriage4 #bgcf4 ,the father hands out the bride1 and leads her to the altar1 the mother and bridesmaid following4 ,after them come the other bridesmaids1 attended by the groomsmen1 if there are more than one4 #bgcg4 ,the bridegroom occupies the last carriage1 with the principal groomsman1 an intimate friend or brother4 #bgch4 ,he follows1 and stands facing the altar1 with the bride at his left hand4 ,the father places himself behind1 with the mother1 if she attends4 #bgci4 ,the chief bridesmaid occupies a place on the left of the bride1 to hold her gloves and handkerchief1 and flowers2 her companions range themselves on the left4 #bgdj4 ,remember to take the ring with you4 ,the fee to a clergyman is according to the fortune of the bridegroom2 and a trifle should be given to the sexton4 #bgda4 ,when the ceremony is concluded1 the bride takes the groom's arm1 they enter their carriage1 and proceed to the breakfast1 every one else following4 #bgdb4 ,the order of return from church differs from the above only in the fact that the bride and bridegroom now ride together1 the bride being on his left1 and a bridesmaid1 and a groomsman1 or the father of the bride1 occupying the front seats of the carriage4 #bgdc4 ,the wedding breakfast having been already prepared1 the wedding party return thereto4 #bgdd4 ,if a large party1 the bride and bridegroom occupy seats in the centre of the long table1 and the two extremities should be presided over by elderly relatives1 if possible one from each family4 #bgde4 ,every body should endeavor to make the occasion as happy as possible4 #bgdf4 ,after marriage1 the bridal party usually travel for a week or two2 upon their return1 it is customary for the bride to be at home for a few days to receive visits4 ,the first four weeks after marriage1 constitute the honeymoon4 #bgdg4 ,you need not retain the whole of your previous acquaintance2 those only to whom you send cards1 are1 after marriage1 considered in the circle of your visiting acquaintance4 #bgdh4 ,the parents or friends of the bride usually send the cards to her connections2 the bridegroom selects those persons among his former associates whom he wishes to retain as such4 #bgdi4 ,the cards are sometimes united by a silken cord1 or white ribbon1 to distinguish those of a newly married pair from ordinary visitors2 but it is doubtful whether it be in good taste4 #bgej4 ,a married woman may leave her own or her husband's card in returning a visit2 the latter only would be adopted as a resource in the event of her not having her own with her4 #bgea4 ,cards should 7if belonging to the gentleman7 be plain1 plainly written or printed1 and unglazed and ungilt4 #bgeb4 ,ladies should have their cards enameled1 but1 for obvious reasons1 the name plain and distinct1 so as to catch the eye at once4 #bgec4 ,when a man marries1 it is understood that all former acquaintanceship ends1 unless he intimate a desire to renew it1 by sending you his own and his wife's card1 if near1 or by letter1 if distant4 #bged4 ,if this be neglected1 be sure no further intercourse is desired4 #bgee4 ,in the first place3 ,a bachelor is seldom very particular in the selection of his companions4 ,so long as he is amused1 he will associate freely enough with those whose morals and habits would point them out as highly dangerous persons to introduce into the sanctity of domestic life4 #bgef4 ,secondly4 ,a married man has the tastes of another to consult2 and the friends of the husband may not be equally acceptable to the wife4 #bgeg4 ,besides1 newly-married people may wish to limit the circle of their friends1 from commendable motives of economy4 #bgeh4 ,when a man first sets up in the world1 the burden of an extensive and indiscriminate acquaintance may be felt in various ways4 #bgei4 ,many have had cause to regret the weakness of mind which allowed them to plunge into a vortex of gayety and expense they could ill afford1 from which they have found it difficult to extricate themselves1 and the effects of which have proved a serious evil to them in after life4 #bgfj4 ,when a man is about to be married1 he usually gives a dinner to his bachelor friends2 which is understood to be their cong unless he choose to renew their acquaintance4 #bgfa4 ,wedding-rings4--,the custom of wearing wedding-rings appears to have taken its rise among the ,romans4 #bgfb4 ,before the celebration of their nuptials1 there was a meeting of friends at the house of the lady's father to settle articles of the marriage contract1 when it was agreed that the dowry should be paid down on the wedding-day or soon after4 #bgfc4 ,on this occasion1 there was commonly a feast1 at the conclusion of which the man gave to the woman as a pledge1 a ring1 which she put on the fourth finger of her left hand1 because it was believed that a nerve reached thence to the heart1 and a day was then named for the marriage4 #bgfd4 ,wedding cakes4--,four pounds of fine flour1 well dried1 four pounds of fresh butter1 two pounds of loaf sugar1 a quarter of a pound of mace pounded and sifted fine1 the same of nutmegs4 #bgfe4 ,to every pound of flour add eight eggs2 wash four pounds of currants2 let them be well picked and dried before the fire2 blanch a pound of sweet almonds1 and cut them lengthwise very thin2 a pound of citron1 one pound of candied orange1 the same of candied lemon2 half a pint of brandy4 #bgff4 ,when these are made ready1 work the butter with your hand to a cream1 then beat in your sugar1 a quarter of an hour1 beat the whites of your eggs to a very strong froth2 mix them with your sugar and butter2 beat your eggs half an hour at least1 and mix them with your cake2 then put in your flour1 mace and nutmeg2 keep beating it well till your oven is ready--pour in the brandy1 and beat the currants and almonds lightly in4 #bgfg4 ,tie three sheets of white paper round the bottom of your hoop to keep it from running out2 rub it well with butter1 put in your cake1 lay the sweetmeats in layers1 with cake between each layer1 and after it is risen and colored1 cover it with paper before your oven is stopped up2 it will require three hours to bake properly4 #bgfh4 ,almond ,icing for ,wedding ,cake4--,beat the whites of three eggs to a strong froth2 beat a pint of ,jordan almonds very fine with rose-water2 mix them1 with the eggs1 lightly together2 put in by degrees a pound of common loaf sugar in powder4 #bgfi4 ,when the cake is baked enough1 take it out1 and lay it on the icing2 then put it in to brown4 #bggj4 ,after ,marriage4--,the power of a wife for good or evil1 is irresistible4 ,home must be the seat of happiness1 or it must be for ever unknown4 #bgga4 ,a good wife is to a man1 wisdom and courage1 and strength and endurance4 #bggb4 ,a bad wife is confusion1 weakness1 discomfiture1 and despair4 #bggc4 ,no condition is hopeless where the wife possesses firmness1 decision1 and economy4 #bggd4 ,there is no outward prosperity which can counteract indolence1 extravagance1 and folly at home4 ,no spirit can long endure bad domestic influence4 #bgge4 ,man is strong1 but his heart is not adamant4 ,he delights in enterprise and action2 but to sustain him he needs a tranquil mind1 and a whole heart4 ,he needs his moral force in the conflicts of the world4 #bggf4 ,to recover his equanimity and composure1 home must be to him a place of repose1 of peace1 of cheerfulness1 of comfort2 and his soul renews its strength again1 and goes forth with fresh vigor to encounter the labor and troubles of life4 #bggg4 ,but if at home he finds no rest1 and is there met with bad temper1 sullenness1 or gloom1 or is assailed by discontent or complaint1 hope vanishes1 and he sinks into despair4 #bggh4 ,a wife must learn1 to form her husband's happiness1 in what direction the secret lies2 she must not cherish his weaknesses by working upon them2 she must not rashly run counter to his prejudices2 her motto must be1 never to irritate4 #bggi4 ,she must study never to draw largely on the small stock of patience in a man's nature1 nor to increase his obstinacy by trying to drive him2 never1 never1 if possible1 to have scenes4 #bghj4 ,we doubt much if a real quarrel1 even made up1 does not loosen the bond between man and wife1 and sometimes1 unless the affection of both be very sincere1 lastingly4 #bgha4 ,if irritation should occur1 a woman must expect to hear from most men a strength and vehemence of language far more than the occasion requires4 ,mild1 as well as stern men1 are prone to this exaggeration of language2 let not a woman be tempted to say any thing sarcastic or violent in retaliation4 ,the bitterest repentance must needs follow if she do4 #bghb4 ,men frequently forget what they have said1 but seldom what is uttered by their wives4 ,they are grateful1 too1 for forbearance in such cases2 for1 whilst asserting most loudly that they are right1 they are often conscious that they are wrong4 #bghc4 ,give a little time1 as the greatest boon you can bestow1 to the irritated feelings of your husband4 #bghd4 ,it is astonishing how much the cheerfulness of a wife contributes to the happiness of home4 #bghe4 ,she is the sun--the centre of a domestic system1 and her children are like planets around her1 reflecting her rays4 #bghf4 ,how merry the little ones look when the mother is joyous and good-tempered2 and how easily and pleasantly her household labors are overcome6 #bghg4 ,how to ,treat a ,wife4--,first1 get a wife2 secondly1 be patient4 #bghh4 ,you may have great trials and perplexities in your business with the world1 but do not carry to your home a clouded or contracted brow4 #bghi4 ,your wife may have had many trials1 which1 though of less magnitude1 may have been as hard to bear4 #bgij4 ,a kind1 conciliating word1 a tender look1 will do wonders in chasing from her brow all clouds of gloom4 #bgia4 ,you encounter difficulties in the open air1 fanned by heaven's cool breezes2 but your wife is often shut in from these healthful influences1 and her health fails1 and her spirits lose their elasticity4 #bgib4 ,but oh6 bear with her2 she has trials and sorrows to which you are a stranger1 but which your tenderness can deprive of all their anguish4 #bgic4 ,notice kindly her little attentions and efforts to promote your comfort4 #bgid4 ,do not treat her with indifference1 if you would not sear and palsy her heart1 which1 watered by kindness1 would1 to the latest day of your existence1 throb with sincere and constant affection4 #bgie4 ,sometimes yield your wishes to hers4 ,she has preferences as strong as you1 and it may be just as trying to yield her choice as to you4 #bgif4 ,do you find it hard to yield sometimes8 ,think you it is not difficult for her to give up always8 #bgig4 ,if you never yield to her wishes1 there is danger that she will think you are selfish1 and care only for yourself1 and with such feelings she can not love as she might4 #bgih4 ,again1 show yourself manly1 so that your wife can look up to you and feel that you will act nobly1 and that she can confide in your judgment4 #bgii4 ,you can hardly imagine how refreshing it is to occasionally call up the recollection of your courting days4 #bhjj4 ,how tediously the hours rolled away prior to the appointed time of meeting2 how swift they seemed to fly1 when met2 how fond was the first greeting2 how tender the last embrace2 how fervent were your vows2 how vivid your dreams of future happiness1 when1 returning to your home1 you felt yourself secure in the confessed love of the object of your warm affections4 #bhja4 ,is your dream realized8--are you as happy as you expected8 #bhjb4 ,why not8 ,consider whether as a husband you are as fervent and constant as you were when a lover4 #bhjc4 ,remember that the wife's claims to your unremitting regard--great before marriage1 are now exalted to a much higher degree4 #bhjd4 ,she has left the world for you--the home of her childhood1 the fireside of her parents1 their watchful care and sweet intercourse have all been yielded up for you4 #bhje4 ,look then most jealously upon all that may tend to attract you from home1 and to weaken that union upon which your temporal happiness mainly depends2 and believe that in the solemn relationship of husband is to be found one of the best guarantees for man's honor and happiness4 #bhjf4 ,when once a man has established a home1 his most important duties have fairly begun4 #bhjg4 ,the errors of youth may be overlooked2 want of purpose1 and even of honor1 in his earlier days1 may be forgotten4 #bhjh4 ,but from the moment of his marriage he begins to write his indelible history2 not by pen and ink1 but by actions--by which he must ever afterward be reported and judged4 #bhji4 ,his conduct at home2 his solicitude for his family2 the training of his children2 his devotion to his wife2 his regard for the interests of eternity1 are his record4 #bhaj4 ,seek to govern your own household by the display of high moral excellence4 #bhaa4 ,a domineering spirit--a fault-finding petulance--impatience of trifling delays--and the exhibition of unworthy passions at the slightest provocation1 can add no laurel to your own lordly brow1 impart no sweetness to home1 and call forth no respect from those by whom you may be surrounded4 #bhab4 ,it is one thing to be a master--another thing to be a man4 ,the latter should be the husband's aspiration2 for he who can not govern himself is ill-qualified to govern another4 ,,our ,,house4 #bhac4 ,if a young married couple intend to furnish a house1 we say to them--,attend to these rules4 #bhad4 ,do not spend all your money1 be it much or little4 ,do not let the beauty of this thing1 and the cheapness of that1 tempt you to buy unnecessary articles4 #bhae4 ,buy merely enough to get along with at first4 ,it is only by experience that you can tell what will be the wants of your family4 #bhaf4 ,if you spend all your money1 you will find you have purchased many things you do not want1 and have no means left to get many things which you do want4 #bhag4 ,if you have enough1 and more than enough1 to get every thing suitable to your situation1 do not think you must spend it all1 merely because you happen to have it4 #bhah4 ,begin humbly4 ,as riches increase1 it is easy and pleasant to increase in comforts2 but it is always painful and inconvenient to decrease4 ,after all1 these things are viewed in their proper light by the truly judicious and respectable4 #bhai4 ,neatness1 tastefulness1 and good sense may be shown in the management of a small household1 and the arrangement of a little furniture1 as well as upon a larger scale2 and these qualities are always praised1 and always treated with respect and attention4 #bhbj4 ,the consideration which many purchase by living beyond their income1 and1 of course1 living upon others1 is not worth the trouble it costs4 #bhba4 ,the glare there is about this false and wicked parade is deceptive3 it does not1 in fact1 procure a man valuable friends1 or extensive influence4 #bhbb4 ,if the house is rented4--,before taking a house1 be careful to calculate that the rent is not too high in proportion to your means2 for remember that the rent is a claim which must be paid with but little delay1 and that the landlord has greater power over your property than any other creditor4 #bhbc4 ,having determined the amount of rent which you can afford to pay1 be careful to select the best house which can be obtained for that sum4 ,and in making that selection1 let the following matters be carefully considered3 #bhbd4 ,first4--,carefully regard the healthfulness of the situation4 ,avoid the neighborhood of graveyards1 and of factories giving forth unhealthy vapors2 avoid low and damp districts1 the course of canals1 and localities of reservoirs of water1 gas-works1 c42 make inquiries as to the drainage of the neighborhood1 and inspect the drainage and water supply of the premises4 #bhbe4 ,a house standing on an incline is likely to be better drained than one standing upon the summit of a hill1 or on a level below a hill4 #bhbf4 ,endeavor to obtain a position where the direct sun-light falls upon the house1 for this is absolutely necessary to health2 and give preference to a house the openings of which are sheltered from the north and east winds4 #bhbg4 ,second4--,consider the distance of the house from your place of occupation2 and also its relation to provision markets1 and the prices that prevail in the neighborhood4 #bhbh4 ,having considered these material and leading features1 examine the house in detail1 carefully looking into its state of repair4 #bhbi4 ,notice the windows that are broken2 whether the chimneys smoke2 whether they have been recently swept2 whether the paper on the walls is damaged1 especially in the lower parts1 and the corners by the skirtings2 whether the locks1 bolts1 handles of doors1 and window-fastenings are in proper condition2 make a list of the fixtures4 #bhcj4 ,ascertain whether all rent and taxes were paid up by the previous tenant1 and whether the party from whom you take the house is the original landlord1 or his agent or tenant4 #bhca4 ,and do not commit yourself by the signing of any agreement until you are satisfied upon all these points1 and see that all has been done which the landlord had undertaken4 #bhcb4 ,in the country1 the married couple usually go to a house of their own4 #bhcc4 ,our ,house6--,it is a phrase of great importance1 and gives dignity to the newly married4 #bhcd4 ,society4--,social intercourse is necessary to our happiness and improvement4 #bhce4 ,conversation is the medium by which social intercourse is maintained4 #bhcf4 ,style in conversation is as important1 and as capable of cultivation1 as style in writing4 ,the manner of saying things is what gives them their value4 #bhcg4 ,avoid provincialisms in your language and pronunciation4 ,webster is the standard for pronouncing in the best society in the ,united ,states4 #bhch4 ,under favorable circumstances1 and among persons who know how to train a conversation1 there are few if any amusements more grateful to the human mind4 #bhci4 ,the object of conversation is to entertain and amuse4 ,to be agreeable you must learn to be a good listener4 ,a man who monopolizes a conversation is a bore1 no matter how great his knowledge4 #bhdj4 ,never get into a dispute4 ,state your opinions1 but do not argue them4 #bhda4 ,do not contradict2 and above all1 never offend by correcting mistakes or inaccuracies of fact or expression4 #bhdb4 ,never lose temper--never notice a slight--never seem conscious of an affront1 unless it is of a gross character1 and then punish it at once4 #bhdc4 ,you can never quarrel in the presence of ladies1 but a personal indignity may be avenged anywhere4 #bhdd4 ,never talk of people by hints1 slurs1 innuendos1 and such mean devices4 ,if you have any thing to say1 out with it4 ,nothing charms more than candor1 when united with good breeding4 #bhde4 ,do not call people by their names1 in speaking to them4 ,in speaking of your own children1 never ,master and ,miss them--in speaking to other people of theirs1 never neglect to do so4 #bhdf4 ,be very careful in speaking of subjects upon which you are not acquainted4 #bhdg4 ,much is to be learned by confessing your ignorance--nothing can be gained by pretending to knowledge which you do not possess4 #bhdh4 ,never tell long stories4 ,avoid all common slang phrases and pet words4 #bhdi4 ,of all things1 don't attempt to be too fine4 ,use good honest ,english--and common words for common things4 #bhej4 ,good sense1 sound and varied information1 are as necessary as confidence1 to enable a man to converse well4 #bhea4 ,every one knows something which he is willing to tell1 and which any other that he is in company with wishes to know1 or which if known to him1 would be amusing or useful4 #bheb4 ,to be a skillful conversationist1 one's eyes and ears should be busy2 nothing should escape his observation4 ,his memory should be a good one1 and he should have a good-natured willingness to please and to be pleased4 #bhec4 ,avoid a loud tone1 particularly in speaking to ladies4 #bhed4 ,by observing men of the world1 you will perceive that their voices1 as it were1 involuntarily assume a softness as they address the sex2 this is one of the most obvious proofs of an intimacy with good society4 #bhee4 ,never attempt to occupy the attention of a company for a long time2 unless your conversation is very brilliant1 it must become very tiresome4 #bhef4 ,be not partial to theorizing1 or your conversation will assume the style of speech-making1 which is intolerable4 #bheg4 ,badinage is pleasant1 but it may be dangerous2 stupid people may imagine you are ridiculing them1 and the stupid are the most assiduous enemies4 #bheh4 ,abjure punning2 it has been aptly designated the wit of fools4 ,gentlemen never pun4 #bhei4 ,a tattler is a most contemptible character1 uniting in person either excessive ignorance1 folly1 and vanity1 or the extremes of meanness1 mischief and malignity4 #bhfj4 ,women ordinarily slander more from vanity than vice--men1 from jealousy than malignity4 #bhfa4 ,without intending mischief1 many persons do much by repeating conversations from one house to another4 #bhfb4 ,a man should never permit himself to lose his temper in society1 nor show that he has taken offense at any supposed slight--it places him in a disadvantageous position--betraying an absence of self-respect1 or at the least of self-possession4 #bhfc4 ,if1 upon the entrance of a visitor1 you continue a conversation begun before1 you should always explain the subject to the new-comer4 #bhfd4 ,there cannot be a custom more vulgar or offensive than that of taking a person aside to whisper in a room with company1 yet this rudeness is of frequent occurrence--and that with persons who ought to know better4 #bhfe4 ,questions upon that which does not immediately concern you1 are impertinent4 #bhff4 ,be well read1 for the sake of the general company and the ladies1 in the literature of the day4 ,you will1 thereby1 enlarge the regions of pleasurable talk4 ,besides1 it is often necessary4 #bhfg4 ,hazlitt1 who had entertained an unfounded prejudice against ,dickens's works when they were first written1 confesses that at last he was obliged to read them1 because he could not enter a mixed company without hearing them admired and quoted4 #bhfh4 ,always avoid any thing like absence of mind4 ,some fops assume this1 but it is silly and contemptible4 #bhfi4 ,in order to put everybody in the company at ease1 we should adopt the manners and customs of those with whom we happen for the time to consort4 #bhgj4 ,people who1 having traveled1 adopt1 as many do1 foreign phraseology1 idiom1 or accent1 are excessively vulgar4 #bhga4 ,be especially careful1 in a mixed company1 whom you satirize4 #bhgb4 ,swearing1 which formerly pervaded every rank of society1 is now to be chiefly found in a very low and uninstructed class2 it is1 in fact1 a vulgar and proscribed mode of speech4 #bhgc4 ,to those who are guilty of it1 for these reasons it is only necessary to point out1 that no well-informed person can be at the least loss1 with the genuine words of the ,english language1 to express all legitimate ideas and feelings2 and that to use either profane or slang words is1 at the least1 the indication of a low taste and inferior understanding4 #bhgd4 ,never presume to cultivate an over-familiarity of manner1 which is always offensive2 rather be reserved--even to your best friends4 ,if you proceed with members of your family to a party1 do not be seen talking with them4 #bhge4 ,try to make every one at their ease2 and if you find other people are not so well bred as you could wish1 take the will for the deed1 and never show1 nor attempt to show1 your disgust at them4 #bhgf4 ,try heartily to please everybody1 and you will be pleased yourself2 and1 besides this1 render yourself the most agreeable person in the room4 #bhgg4 ,should you chance to be thrown into the company of what the man in the farce calls a real live lord1 do not interlard your talk with my lord1 and your lordship4 ,sir is sufficient1 after once addressing him as my lord1 to show that you are acquainted with his rank4 ,madam is to be used to a lady of title1 to whom also the previous rule applies4 #bhgh4 ,there are many talkers1 but few who know how to converse agreeably4 #bhgi4 ,speak distinctly1 neither too rapidly nor too slowly4 #bhhj4 ,accommodate the pitch of your voice to the hearing of the person with whom you are conversing4 #bhha4 ,never speak with your mouth full4 #bhhb4 ,tell your jokes and laugh afterward4 #bhhc4 ,dispense with superfluous words--such as ,well1 ,i should think4 #bhhd4 ,in society we sometimes meet opionated1 selfish people1 who fancy they know every thing1 when in reality they know nothing6 #bhhe4 ,the real end of acquiring a polite manner is to make yourself pleasing1 and your company acceptable to all4 ,this must be done by little sacrifices--by curbing1 if you be plagued with it1 your desire to engross the conversation1 or1 on the contrary1 breaking through your habitual taciturnity4 #bhhf4 ,the woman who wishes her conversation to be agreeable1 will avoid conceit or affectation1 and laughter which is not natural and spontaneous4 #bhhg4 ,her language will be easy and unstudied1 marked by a graceful carelessness1 which1 at the same time1 never oversteps the limits of propriety4 #bhhh4 ,her lips will readily yield to a pleasant smile2 she will not love to hear herself talk2 her tones will bear the impress of sincerity1 and her eyes kindle with animation1 as she speaks4 #bhhi4 ,the art of pleasing is1 in truth1 the very soul of good breeding2 for the precise object of the latter is to render us agreeable to all with whom we associate2 to make us1 at the same time1 esteemed and loved4 #bhij4 ,we need scarcely advert to the rudeness of interrupting any one who is speaking1 or to the impropriety of pushing1 to its full extent1 a discussion which has become unpleasant4 #bhia4 ,some men have a mania for ,greek and ,latin quotations2 this is peculiarly to be avoided4 ,it is like pulling up the stones from a tomb wherewith to kill the living4 ,nothing is more wearisome than pedantry4 #bhib4 ,if you feel your intellectual superiority to any one with whom you are conversing1 do not seek to bear him down2 it would be an inglorious triumph1 and a breach of good manners4 #bhic4 ,beware1 too1 of speaking lightly of subjects which bear a sacred character4 #bhid4 ,witlings occasionally gain a reputation in society2 but nothing is more insipid and in worse taste than their conceited harangues and self-sufficient air4 #bhie4 ,it is a common idea that the art of writing and the art of conversation are one2 this is a great mistake4 ,a man of genius may be a very dull talker4 #bhif4 ,the two grand modes of making your conversation interesting1 are to enliven it by recitals calculated to affect and impress your hearers1 and to intersperse it with anecdotes and smart things4 #bhig4 ,it follows that all matter of offense in conversation should be avoided4 ,the self-love of others is to be respected4 #bhih4 ,therefore1 no one is tolerated who makes himself the subject of his own commendation1 nor who disregards the feelings of those whom he addresses4 #bhii4 ,there is as much demand for politeness and civility in conversation as in any other department of social intercourse4 #bijj4 ,one who rudely interrupts another1 does much the same thing as though he should1 when walking with another1 impertinently thrust himself before his companion1 and stop his progress4 #bija4 ,rules of ,conduct4--,the following excellent rules are from the diary of ,mrs4 ,fry3-- #bijb4 #a4 ,never lose any time2 ,i do not think that lost which is spent in amusement or recreation1 some time every day2 but always be in the habit of being employed4 #bijc4 #b4 ,never err the least in truth4 #bijd4 #c4 ,never say any ill thing of a person when thou canst say a good thing of him2 not only speak charitably1 but feel so4 #bije4 #d4 ,never be irritable or unkind to any body4 #bijf4 #e4 ,never indulge thyself in luxuries that are not necessary4 #bijg4 #f4 ,do all things with consideration2 and1 when thy path to act right is most difficult1 feel confidence in that ,power alone which is able to assist thee1 and exert thy own powers as far as they go4 ,,part ,,xi4 ,,health ,,and ,,wealth4 ,how to ,preserve ,health--,bathing1 etc4--,medicine--,ointments--,blisters-- ,poultices1 etc4--,cholera--,domestic ,surgery1 etc4--,riches--,temperance--,dr4 ,franklin's ,way to ,wealth4 ,,the ,,preservation ,,of ,,health4 #bijh4 ,in another place 7see ,health and ,beauty1 p4 #hi1 etc471 ,i have given many useful hints on this subject4 #biji4 ,still more may be told2 and new suggestions1 cautions1 and remedies will be found in the following pages4 #biaj4 ,these ,rules are given to persuade people to take care and preserve their health2 not to induce them needlessly to doctor themselves4 #biaa4 ,the ,first ,rule for those in health is--take no medicine4 #biab4 ,the ,second ,rule4--,in sickness1 send for the best physicians2 viz41 those who give least medicine4 #biac4 ,pure atmospheric air is composed of nitrogen1 oxygen1 and a very small proportion of carbonic acid gas4 ,air once breathed has lost the chief part of its oxygen1 and acquired a proportionate increase of carbonic acid gas4 #biad4 ,therefore1 health requires that we breathe the same air once only4 #biae4 ,the solid part of our bodies is continually wasting1 and requires to be repaired by fresh substances4 #biaf4 ,therefore1 food1 which is to repair the loss1 should be taken with due regard to the exercise and waste of the body4 #biag4 ,the fluid part of our bodies also wastes constantly2 there is but one fluid in animals1 which is water4 #biah4 ,therefore1 water only is necessary1 and no artifice can produce a better drink4 #biai4 ,the fluid of our bodies is to the solid in proportion as nine to one4 #bibj4 ,therefore1 a like proportion should prevail in the total amount of food taken4 #biba4 ,light exercises an important influence upon the growth and vigor of animals and plants4 #bibb4 ,therefore1 our dwellings should freely admit the solar rays4 #bibc4 ,decomposing animal and vegetable substances yield various noxious gases1 which enter the lungs and corrupt the blood4 #bibd4 ,therefore1 all impurities should be kept away from our abodes1 and every precaution be observed to secure a pure atmosphere4 #bibe4 ,warmth is essential to all the bodily functions4 #bibf4 ,therefore1 an equal bodily temperature should be maintained by exercise1 by clothing1 or by fire4 #bibg4 ,exercise warms1 invigorates1 and purifies the body2 clothing preserves the warmth the body generates2 fire imparts warmth externally4 #bibh4 ,therefore1 to obtain and preserve warmth1 exercise and clothing are preferable to fire4 #bibi4 ,fire consumes the oxygen of the air1 and produces noxious gases4 #bicj4 ,therefore1 the air is less pure in the presence of candles1 gas1 or coal fire1 than otherwise2 and the deterioration should be repaired by increased ventilation4 #bica4 ,the skin is a highly-organized membrane1 full of minute pores1 cells1 blood-vessels1 and nerves2 it imbibes moisture or throws it off1 according to the state of the atmosphere and the temperature of the body4 ,it also breathes1 as do the lungs 7though less actively74 ,all the internal organs sympathize with the skin4 #bicb4 ,therefore1 it should be repeatedly cleansed4 #bicc4 ,late hours and anxious pursuits exhaust the nervous system1 and produce disease and premature death4 #bicd4 ,therefore1 the hours of labor and study should be short4 #bice4 ,mental and bodily exercise are equally essential to the general health and happiness4 #bicf4 ,therefore labor and study should succeed each other4 #bicg4 ,man will live most healthily upon simple solids and fluids1 of which a sufficient but temperate quantity should be taken4 #bich4 ,therefore1 strong drinks1 tobacco1 snuff1 opium1 and all mere indulgences should be avoided4 #bici4 ,sudden alternations of heat and cold are dangerous1 especially to the young and the aged4 #bidj4 ,therefore1 clothing1 in quantity and quality1 should be adapted to the alterations of night and day1 and of the seasons4 #bida4 ,and therefore1 also1 drinking cold water when the body is hot1 and hot tea and soups when cold1 are productive of many evils4 #bidb4 ,moderation in eating and drinking1 short hours of labor and study1 regularity in exercise1 recreation1 and rest1 cleanliness1 equanimity of temper and equality of temperature1 these are the great essentials to that which surpasses all wealth1 health of mind and body4 #bidc4 ,bed ,clothes4--,the perfection of dress1 for day or night1 where warmth is the purpose1 is that which confines around the body sufficient of its own warmth1 while it allows escape to the exhalations of the skin4 #bidd4 ,where the body is allowed to bathe protractedly in its own vapors1 we must expect an unhealthy effect upon the skin4 #bide4 ,where there is too little ventilating escape1 insensible perspiration is checked1 and something analogous to fever supervenes2 foul tongue1 ill taste1 and lack of morning appetite betray the evil4 #bidf4 ,early ,rising4--,dr4 ,wilson ,philip1 in his ,treatise on ,indigestion1 says3 ,although it is of consequence to the debilitated to go early to bed1 there are few things more hurtful to them than remaining in it too long4 #bidg4 ,getting up an hour or two earlier1 often gives a degree of vigor which nothing else can procure4 #bidh4 ,for those who are not much debilitated1 and sleep well1 the best rule is to get out of bed soon after waking in the morning4 #bidi4 ,this at first may appear too early1 for the debilitated require more sleep than the healthy2 but rising early will gradually prolong the sleep on the succeeding night1 till the quantity the patient enjoys is equal to his demand for it4 #biej4 ,lying late is not only hurtful1 by the relaxation it occasions1 but also by occupying that part of the day at which exercise is most beneficial4 #biea4 ,the difference between rising every morning at six and at eight1 in the course of forty years1 amounts to #bi1bjj hours1 or three years one hundred and twenty-one days and sixteen hours1 which are equal to eight hours a day for exactly ten years4 #bieb4 ,thus1 rising at six will be the same as if ten years of life 7a weighty consideration7 were added1 wherein we may command eight hours every day for the cultivation of our minds and the dispatch of business4 #biec4 ,development of the ,lungs4--,much has been said and written upon diet1 eating and drinking1 but ,i do not recollect ever noticing a remark in any writer upon breathing1 or the manner of breathing4 ,multitudes1 and especially ladies in easy circumstances1 contract a vicious and destructive mode of breathing4 #bied4 ,they suppress their breathing1 and contract the habit of short1 quick breathing1 not carrying the breath half way down the chest1 and scarcely expanding the lower portions of the chest at all4 #biee4 ,lacing the bottom of the chest also greatly increases this evil1 and confirms a bad habit of breathing4 ,children that move about a great deal in the open air1 and in no way laced1 breathe deep and full to the bottom of the chest1 and every part of it4 #bief4 ,so also with most out-door laborers1 and persons who take much exercise in the open air1 because the lungs give us the power of action2 and the more exercise we take1 especially out of doors1 the larger the lungs become1 and are the less liable to disease4 #bieg4 ,in all occupations that require standing1 keep the person straight4 #bieh4 ,if at table1 let it be high2 raised up nearly to the armpits1 so as not to require you to stoop2 you will find the employment much easier--not one half so fatiguing2 whilst the form of the chest and symmetry of the figure will remain perfect4 ,,baths1 ,c4 7,,see ,,pages #abd ,,and #abe47 #biei4 ,water is the means of personal purification4 ,use it freely4 #bifj4 ,bathing4--,if to preserve health be to save medical expenses1 without even reckoning upon time and comfort1 there is no part of the household arrangement so important to the domestic economist as cheap convenience for personal ablution4 #bifa4 ,whoever fits up a bath in a house already built1 must be guided by circumstances2 but it will always be proper to place it as near the kitchen fire-place as possible4 #bifb4 ,from thence it may be heated1 or at least have its temperature preserved by means of hot air through tubes1 or by steam prepared by the culinary fire-place1 without interfering with its ordinary uses4 #bifc4 ,a small boiler may be erected at a very small expense1 in the bath-room1 where circumstances do not permit these arrangements4 #bifd4 ,whenever a bath is wanted at a short warning1 to boil the water necessary will always be the shortest mode2 but where it is in general daily use1 the heating the water by steam will be found the cheapest and most convenient method4 #bife4 ,bathing tubs should never be left with water in them that has been used4 ,let off the water1 and keep them dry as possible4 #biff4 ,a hand-bath is always to be had when regular bathing is not convenient4 ,with a piece of sponge or an extra towel to wash with1 your ablutions may be well performed every day4 #bifg4 ,tepid water1 or even quite warm water1 will greatly refresh the system after violent fatigue2 but if a warm bath is taken1 do not stay in it over ten minutes--indeed five minutes is long enough4 #bifh4 ,in cold bathing it should never be forgotten that every thing depends upon the general power of the individual1 the state of the system1 especially of the skin1 at the moment of immersion1 and the season of the year4 #bifi4 ,if the reaction does not speedily take place1 means must be employed to insure its so doing1 or the use of the cold bath must be abandoned4 #bigj4 ,delicate and feeble persons of all ages require a higher temperature of the bath1 and a shorter stay in it than others4 #biga4 ,no person should bathe immediately after a full meal1 particularly if there be an apoplectic tendency4 #bigb4 ,for a person in good health1 early in the morning is the best time to bathe2 for one more delicate1 from two to three hours after breakfast is preferable4 #bigc4 ,never think of undressing and going into the water when greatly fatigued1 or when the skin is covered with perspiration4 #bigd4 ,in most cases moderate exercise is advantageous before bathing1 but not exercise of a violent kind4 #bige4 ,hints about ,children4--,the attempt to harden children by exposure to too great a degree of cold1 is of the most injurious nature4 #bigf4 ,for infants and young children1 it is clear that water of a lower temperature than what feels cool to the hand of the nurse should be used2 but not cold water4 #bigg4 ,cold bathing either produces acute diseases of the lungs1 which are then very sensible to external impressions1 or disease of the digestive organs1 leading to disease of the mesenteric glands1 scrofula1 water in the brain1 or1 if they survive a few years1 to early consumption4 #bigh4 ,wet the ,head4--,it is a good rule to wet the head before taking a plunge or a bath4 #bigi4 ,cleanliness is next to godliness1 is a maxim of ,christian philosophy4 #bihj4 ,exercise4--,exercise in the open air is of the first importance to the human frame1 yet how many are in a manner deprived of it by their own want of management of their time6 #biha4 ,women with slender means are for the most part destined to in-door occupations1 and have but little time allotted them for taking the air1 and that little time is generally sadly encroached upon by the ceremony of dressing to go out4 #bihb4 ,whereas1 if all were in readiness1 the preparations might be accomplished in a few minutes1 the walk not being curtailed by unnecessary delays4 #bihc4 ,it may appear a simple suggestion1 but experience only will show how much time might be redeemed by habits of regularity2 such as putting the shawls1 cloaks1 gloves1 shoes1 c41 c41 or whatever is intended to be worn1 in readiness1 instead of having to search one drawer1 then another1 for possibly a glove or collar--wait for shoes being cleaned1 c4--and this when 7probably7 the out-going persons have to return to their employment at a given time4 #bihd4 ,three principal points in the manner of taking exercise are necessary to be attended to3--#a4 ,the kind of exercise4 #b4 ,the proper time for exercise4 #c4 ,the duration of it4 #bihe4 ,with respect to the kinds of exercise1 the various species of it may be divided into active and passive4 ,among the first1 which admits of being considerably diversified1 may be enumerated1 walking1 running1 leaping1 swimming1 riding1 fencing1 the military exercise1 different sorts of athletic games1 c4 #bihf4 ,among the latter1 or passive kinds of exercise1 may be comprised riding in a carriage1 sailing1 friction1 swinging1 c4 #bihg4 ,the first1 or active exercises1 are more beneficial to youth1 to the middle-aged1 to the robust in general1 and particularly to the corpulent and the plethoric4 #bihh4 ,the second or passive kinds of exercise1 on the contrary1 are better calculated for children2 old1 dry1 and emaciated persons of a delicate and debilitated constitution2 and particularly to the asthmatic and consumptive4 #bihi4 ,the time at which exercise is most proper1 depends on such a variety of concurrent circumstances1 that it does not admit of being regulated by any general rules1 and must therefore be collected from the observations made on the effects of air1 food1 drink1 c4 #biij4 ,with respect to the duration of exercise1 there are other particulars1 relative to a greater or less degree of fatigue attending the different species and utility of it in certain states of the mind and body1 which must determine this consideration as well as the preceding4 #biia4 ,that exercise is to be preferred which1 with a view to brace and strengthen the body1 we are most accustomed to1 as any unusual one may be attended with a contrary effect4 #biib4 ,exercise should be begun and finished gradually1 never abruptly4 #biic4 ,exercise in the open air has many advantages over that used within doors4 #biid4 ,to continue exercise until a profuse perspiration or a great degree of weariness takes place1 is far from being wholesome4 #biie4 ,in the forenoon1 when the stomach is not too much distended1 muscular motion is both agreeable and healthful2 it strengthens digestion1 and heats the body less than with a full stomach2 and a good appetite after it is a proof that it has not been carried to excess4 #biif4 ,but1 at the same time1 it should be understood1 that it is not advisable to take violent exercise immediately before a meal1 as digestion might thereby be retarded4 #biig4 ,neither should we sit down to a substantial dinner or supper immediately on returning from a fatiguing walk1 at a time when the blood is heated1 and the body in a state of perspiration from previous exertion1 as the worst consequences may arise1 especially where cooling dishes1 salad1 or a glass of cold drink is begun with4 #biih4 ,exercise is always hurtful after meals1 from its impeding digestion1 by propelling those fluids too much toward the surface of the body which are designed for the solution of the food in the stomach4 #biii4 ,climate4--,the action of medicines is modified by climate and seasons4 ,in summer1 certain medicines act more powerfully than in winter1 and the same person cannot bear the dose in ,july that he could in ,december4 #cjjj4 ,general ,health4--,persons whose general health is good1 bear stronger doses than the debilitated and those who have suffered for a time4 #cjja4 ,idiosyncrasy4--,walker will inform you that this long term means a peculiar temperament or disposition not common to people generally4 #cjjb4 ,for example1 some persons cannot take calomel in the smallest dose without being salivated1 or rhubarb without having convulsions2 others cannot take squills1 opium1 senna1 c41 therefore it is wrong to insist upon their taking these medicines4 #cjjc4 ,forms best suited for ,administration4--,fluids act quicker than solids1 and powders sooner than pills4 #cjjd4 ,best method of ,preventing the ,nauseous ,taste of ,medicine4--,castor oil may be taken in milk1 coffee1 or spirits such as brandy2 but the best method of covering the nauseous flavor1 is to put a table-spoonful of strained orange-juice in a wine-glass1 pour the castor oil into the centre of the juice1 and then squeeze a few drops of lemon-juice upon the top of the oil4 #cjje4 ,cod-liver oil may be taken1 like castor oil1 in orange-juice4 #cjjf4 ,peppermint water almost prevents the nauseous taste of ,epsom salts2 a strong solution of extract of liquorice covers the disagreeable taste of aloes2 milk1 that of cinchona bark2 and cloves that of senna4 #cjjg4 ,an excellent way to prevent the taste of medicines is to have the medicine in a glass1 as usual1 and a tumbler of water by the side of it1 then take the medicine and retain it in the mouth1 which should be kept closed1 and if you then commence drinking the water1 the taste of the medicine is washed away4 #cjjh4 ,even the bitterness of quinine and aloes may be prevented by this means4 #cjji4 ,giving ,medicine to ,persons4--,medicines should be given in such a manner that the effect of the first dose should not have ceased when the next dose is given1 therefore the intervals between the doses should be regulated accordingly4 #cjaj4 ,doses of ,medicine for different ,ages4--,it must be plain to every one that children do not require such powerful medicine as adults or old people4 #cjaa4 ,be careful to give the least possible dose that will have effect4 ,the less medicine swallowed1 the better for the patient4 ,,terms ,,expressing ,,the ,,properties ,,of ,,medicines4 #cjab4 ,these terms or names should be carefully remembered1 and their explanations4 #cjac4 ,absorbents are medicines which destroy acidities in the stomach and bowels1 such as magnesia1 prepared chalk1 c4 #cjad4 ,alteratives are medicines which restore health to the constitution1 without producing any sensible effect1 such as sarsaparilla1 sulphur1 c4 #cjae4 ,analeptics are medicines that restore the strength which has been lost by sickness1 such as gentian1 bark1 c4 #cjaf4 ,anodynes are medicines which relieve pain1 and they are divided into three kinds1 paregorics1 hypnotics1 and narcotics 7see these terms72 camphor is anodyne as well as narcotic4 #cjag4 ,antacids are medicines which destroy acidity1 such as lime1 magnesia1 soda1 c4 #cjah4 ,antalkalies are medicines given to neutralize alkalies in the system1 such as citric1 nitric1 or sulphuric acids1 c4 #cjai4 ,anthelmintics are medicines used to expel and destroy worms from the stomach and intestines1 such as turpentine1 cowhage1 male fern1 c4 #cjbj4 ,antibilious are medicines which are useful in bilious affections1 such as calomel1 c4 #cjba4 ,antirheumatics are medicines used for the cure of rheumatism1 such as colchicum1 iodide of potassium1 c4 #cjbb4 ,antiscorbutics are medicines against scurvy1 such as citric acid1 c4 #cjbc4 ,antiseptics are substances used to correct putrefaction1 such as bark1 camphor1 c4 #cjbd4 ,antispasmodics are medicines which possess the power of overcoming spasms of the muscles1 or allaying severe pain from any cause unconnected with inflammation1 such as valerian1 ammonia1 c4 #cjbe4 ,aperients are medicines which move the bowels gently1 such as dandelion root1 c4 #cjbf4 ,aromatics are cordial1 spicy1 and agreeably-flavored medicines1 such as cardamoms1 cinnamon1 c4 #cjbg4 ,astringents are medicines which contract the fibres of the body1 diminish excessive discharges1 and act indirectly as tonics1 such as oak-bark1 galls1 c4 #cjbh4 ,attenuants are medicines which are supposed to thin the blood1 such as ammoniated iron1 c4 #cjbi4 ,balsamics are medicines of a soothing kind1 such as ,tolu1 ,peruvian balsam1 c4 #cjcj4 ,carminatives are medicines which allay pain in the stomach and bowels1 and expel flatulence1 such as aniseed-water1 c4 #cjca4 ,cathartics are strong purgative medicines1 such as jalap1 c4 #cjcb4 ,cordials are exhilarating and warming medicines1 such as aromatic confections1 c4 #cjcc4 ,corroborants are medicines and food which increase the strength1 such as iron1 gentian1 sago1 c4 #cjcd4 ,demulcents correct acrimony1 diminish irritation1 and soften parts by covering their surfaces with a mild and viscid matter1 such as linseed tea1 c4 #cjce4 ,deobstruents are medicines which remove obstructions1 such as iodide of potash1 c4 #cjcf4 ,detergents clean the surfaces over which they pass1 such as soap4 #cjcg4 ,diaphoretics produce perspiration1 such as tartrate of antimony1 c4 #cjch4 ,digestives are remedies applied to ulcers or wounds1 to promote the formation of matter1 such as resin ointments1 warm poultices1 c4 #cjci4 ,discutients possess the power of repelling or resolving tumors1 such as galbanum1 c4 #cjdj4 ,diuretics act upon the kidneys and bladder1 and increase the flow of urine1 such as nitre1 squills1 c4 #cjda4 ,drastics are violent purgatives1 such as gamboge1 c4 #cjdb4 ,emetics produce vomiting1 or the discharge of the contents of the stomach1 such as mustard1 tartar emetic1 warm water1 bloodroot1 c4 #cjdc4 ,emollients are remedies used externally to soften the parts they are applied to1 such as spermaceti1 palm oil1 c4 #cjdd4 ,epispastics are medicines which blister or cause effusion of serum under the cuticle1 such as ,spanish flies1 c4 #cjde4 ,errhines are medicines which produce sneezing1 such as tobacco1 c4 #cjdf4 ,escharotics are medicines which corrode or destroy the vitality of the part to which they are applied1 such as lunar caustic1 c4 #cjdg4 ,expectorants are medicines which increase expectoration1 or the discharge from the bronchial tubes1 such as ipecacuanha1 c4 #cjdh4 ,febrifuges are remedies used in fevers1 such as antimonial wines1 c4 #cjdi4 ,hydragogues are medicines which have the effect of removing the fluid of dropsy1 by producing water evacuations1 such as gamboge1 calomel1 c4 #cjej4 ,hypnotics are medicines that relieve pain by procuring sleep1 such as hops1 c4 #cjea4 ,laxatives are medicines which cause the bowels to act rather more than natural1 such as manna1 c4 #cjeb4 ,narcotics are medicines which cause sleep or stupor1 and allay pain1 such as opium1 c4 #cjec4 ,nutrients are remedies that nourish the body1 such as sugar1 sago1 c4 #cjed4 ,paregorics are medicines which actually assuage pain1 such as compound tincture of camphor1 c4 #cjee4 ,prophylactics are remedies employed to prevent the attack of any particular disease1 such as quinine1 c4 #cjef4 ,purgatives are medicines that promote the evacuation of the bowels1 such as senna1 c4 #cjeg4 ,refrigerants are medicines which suppress an unusual heat of the body1 such as wood-sorrel1 tamarinds4 #cjeh4 ,rubefacients are medicaments which cause redness of the skin1 such as mustard1 c4 #cjei4 ,sedatives are medicines which depress the nervous energy1 and destroy sensation1 so as to compose1 such as fox-glove1 c4 #cjfj4 ,sialagogues are medicines which promote the flow of saliva or spittle1 such as salt1 calomel1 c4 #cjfa4 ,soporifics are medicines which induce sleep1 such as hops1 c4 #cjfb4 ,stimulants are remedies which increase the action of the heart and arteries1 or the energy of the part to which they are applied1 such as sassafras1 which is an internal stimulant1 and savine1 which is an external one4 #cjfc4 ,stomachics restore the tone of the stomach1 such as gentian1 c4 #cjfd4 ,styptics are medicines which constrict the surface of a part1 and prevent the effusion of blood1 such as kino1 c4 #cjfe4 ,sudorifics promote profuse perspiration or sweating1 such as ipecacuanha1 c4 #cjff4 ,tonics give general strength to the constitution1 restore the natural energies1 and improve the tone of the system1 such as chamomile1 c4 #cjfg4 ,vesicants are medicines which blister1 such as strong liquid ammonia1 c4 #cjfh4 ,lotions1 c4--,lotions are usually applied to the parts required1 by means of a piece of linen rag wetted with them1 or by wetting the bandage itself4 #cjfi4 ,emollient4--,use decoction of marsh-mallow or linseed4 #cjgj4 ,elder-flowers4--,add two drachms and a half of elder-flowers to one quart of boiling water1 infuse for one hour1 and strain4 ,use as a discutient4 #cjga4 ,sedative4--,dissolve one drachm of extract of henbane in twenty-four drachms of water4 #cjgb4 ,opium4--,mix two drachms of bruised opium with half a pint of boiling water1 allow it to grow cold1 and use for painful ulcers1 bruises1 c4 #cjgc4 ,decoctions4--,these preparations soon spoil1 and therefore should only be made in small quantities1 particularly in summer4 #cjgd4 ,of ,chimaphila4--,take one ounce of pyrola1 7chimaphila or winter-green7 and boil it in a pint and a half of water until it is only one pint2 then strain4 #cjge4 ,dose1 from one to two ounces1 four times a day4 ,use in dropsies1 as a diuretic4 #cjgf4 ,of ,logwood4--,boil one ounce and a half of bruised logwood in two pints of water until it comes to one pint2 then add one drachm of bruised cassia1 and strain4 #cjgg4 ,dose1 from one to two ounces4 ,use as an astringent4 #cjgh4 ,of ,dandelion4--,take two ounces of the freshly-sliced root1 and boil in two pints of water until it comes to one pint2 then add one ounce of compound tincture of horse-radish4 #cjgi4 ,dose1 from two to four ounces4 ,use in a sluggish state of the liver4 ,,ointments ,,and ,,cerates4 #cjhj4 ,these remedies are used as topical applications to parts1 generally ulcers1 and are usually spread upon linen or other materials4 #cjha4 ,camphorated4--,mix half an ounce of camphor with one ounce of lard1 having1 of course1 previously powdered the camphor4 #cjhb4 ,used as a discutient and stimulant in indolent tumors4 #cjhc4 ,chalk4--,mix as much prepared chalk as you can into some lard1 so as to form a thick ointment4 #cjhd4 ,use as an application to burns and scalds4 #cjhe4 ,for ,itch4--,mix four drachms of sublimed sulphur1 two ounces of lard1 and two drachms of sulphuric acid together4 ,this is to be rubbed into the body4 #cjhf4 ,for ,scrofulous ,ulcerations4--,mix one drachm of ioduret of zinc and one ounce of lard together4 #cjhg4 ,use twice a day in the ulcerations4 ,,embrocations ,,and ,,liniments4 #cjhh4 ,these remedies are used externally as local stimulants1 to relieve deep-seated inflammations when other means cannot be employed1 as they are more easily applied locally4 #cjhi4 ,liniments are to be rubbed on the skin as the patient can bear4 #cjij4 ,anodyne and ,discutient4--,take two drachms of scraped white soap1 half a drachm of extract of henbane1 and dissolve them by a gentle heat in six ounces of olive oil4 #cjia4 ,used in doses of two or three drachms at a time1 for glandular enlargements which are painful and stubborn4 #cjib4 ,strong ,ammoniated4--,add one ounce of strong liquid ammonia 7,liquoris ammoni fortis7 to two ounces of olive oil2 shake them well together until they are properly mixed4 #cjic4 ,use--employed as a stimulant in rheumatic pains1 paralytic numbness1 chronic glandular enlargements1 lumbago1 sciatica1 c4 #cjid4 ,compound ,ammoniated4--,add six teaspoonsful of oil of turpentine to the strong ammoniated liniment above4 #cjie4 ,use for the diseases mentioned under the head of strong ammoniated liniment1 and chronic affections of the knee and ankle-joints4 #cjif4 ,lime and ,oil4--,take equal parts of common linseed oil and lime-water 7,liquor calcis71 and shake well4 #cjig4 ,use1 applied to burns1 scalds1 sun-peelings1 c4 #cjih4 ,camphorated4--,take half an ounce of camphor1 and dissolve it in two ounces of olive oil4 #cjii4 ,use as a stimulant1 soothing application in stubborn breasts1 glandular enlargements1 dropsy of the belly1 and rheumatic pains4 #cajj4 ,soap ,liniment with ,spanish ,flies4--,take three ounces and a half of soap-liniment1 and half an ounce of tincture of ,spanish flies3 mix and shake well4 #caja4 ,use as a stimulant to chronic bruises1 sprains1 rheumatic pains1 and indolent swellings4 #cajb4 ,turpentine4--,take two ounces and a half of resin cerate 7ceratum resin71 and melt it by standing the vessel in hot water2 then add one ounce and a half of oil of turpentine1 and mix4 #cajc4 ,use as a stimulant application to ulcers1 burns1 scalds1 c4 ,,enemas #cajd4 ,are a peculiar kind of medicine1 administered by injecting them into the rectum or outlet of the body4 #caje4 ,the intention is either to empty the bowels1 kill worms1 protect the lining membrane of the intestines from injury1 restrain copious discharges1 allay spasms in the bowels1 or nourish the body4 ,these clysters1 or glysters1 are administered by means of bladders and pipes1 or a proper apparatus4 #cajf4 ,laxative4--,take two ounces of ,epsom salts1 and dissolve in three-quarters of a pint of gruel1 or thin broth1 with an ounce of olive oil4 ,use as all enemas are used4 #cajg4 ,nutritive4--,take twelve ounces of strong beef tea1 and thicken with hartshorn shavings or arrow-root4 #cajh4 ,turpentine4--,take half an ounce of oil of turpentine1 the yolk of one egg1 and half a pint of gruel4 #caji4 ,mix the turpentine and egg1 and then add the gruel4 ,use as an anthelmintic4 #caaj4 ,common4--,dissolve one ounce of salt in twelve ounces of gruel4 #caaa4 ,castor ,oil4--,mix two ounces of castor oil with one drachm of starch2 then rub them together1 and add fourteen ounces of thin gruel4 #caab4 ,use--purgative4 #caac4 ,opium4--,rub two grains of opium with two ounces of starch1 then add two ounces of warm water4 #caad4 ,use as an anodyne1 in colic1 spasms1 c4 #caae4 ,oil4--,mix four ounces of olive oil with half an ounce of mucilage and half a pint of warm water4 #caaf4 ,use as a demulcent4 #caag4 ,assaftida4--,dissolve two drachms of the gum in a pint of barley-water4 #caah4 ,used in convulsions from teething4 #caai4 ,gargles4--,see pages #ajg1 #bde1 and #bdf4 #cabj4 ,extracts are made by evaporating the liquors obtained by infusion or decoction1 but these can be bought much cheaper and better of chemists and druggists1 and so can tinctures1 confections1 cerates1 plasters1 and syrups4 #caba4 ,method of ,ascertaining the ,state of the ,lungs4--,persons desirous of ascertaining the true state of their lungs1 are directed to draw in as much breath as they conveniently can2 they are then to count as far as they are able1 in a slow and audible voice1 without drawing in more breath4 #cabb4 ,the number of seconds they can continue counting must be carefully observed2 in a consumption the time does not exceed ten1 and is frequently less than six seconds2 in pleurisy and pneumonia it ranges from nine to four seconds4 ,when the lungs are in a sound condition1 the time will range as high as from twenty to thirty-five seconds4 #cabc4 ,appetite4--,appetite is frequently lost through excessive use of stimulants1 food taken too hot1 sedentary occupation1 costiveness1 liver disorder1 and want of change of air4 ,the first endeavor should be to ascertain and remove the cause4 #cabd4 ,change of diet1 and change of air1 will frequently be found more beneficial than medicines4 #cabe4 ,bile1 ,bilious or ,liver ,complaints4--,abstinence from malt liquors1 cool homopathic cocoa for drink1 no tea or coffee1 few vegetables1 and little bread2 bacon in a morning1 and well-cooked fresh animal food once a day4 #cabf4 ,one common cause of putrid and malignant fevers is the want of cleanliness4 ,,poultices4 ,,see ,,pages #aab1 #aac1 ,,and #bcj1 #bca4 #cabg4 ,poultices should be applied as hot as the patient can bear4 ,cold poultices do no good2 remove them4 #cabh4 ,apple ,poultice4--,apples pared1 cored and well boiled1 then well washed into a pulp1 form a very good poultice4 #cabi4 ,starch ,poultice4--,starch1 any quantity2 thicken with boiling water4 ,when a little cool1 stir in a little lard or oil4 #cacj4 ,slippery ,elm ,poultice4--,take slippery elm in powder1 and mix with water until somewhat thick1 then boil it a few minutes4 ,it is to be applied warm4 #caca4 ,yeast ,poultice4--,wheat flour1 one pound2 yeast1 half a pint4 ,mix them together over a gentle heat until the mixture begins to rise1 then apply warm4 #cacb4 ,mustard ,poultice4--,flour of mustard1 one part2 flax-seed meal1 one part4 ,make into a paste with water4 ,a little oil or lard should be added to prevent its sticking4 #cacc4 ,poultice made of ,hops4--,boil a handful of hops for a few minutes in a pint of water1 in a covered vessel1 squeeze out the juice and strain4 ,this liquor is now to be put again on the fire and thickened with ,indian meal1 and a little lard added as it becomes cool4 #cacd4 ,spice ,poultice4---,cinnamon1 allspice1 cloves1 and ginger1 of each equal quantities2 honey or molasses to mix4 #cace4 ,alum ,poultice4--,put the white of a couple of eggs into a plate1 and then with a piece of alum between the thumb and finger stir it into a curd4 #cacf4 ,ginger ,poultice4--,wet flannel in hot vinegar and sprinkle on ground ginger--good for toothache4 #cacg4 ,hot ,water4--,in bruises1 hot water is most efficacious1 both by means of insertion and fomentation1 in removing pain1 and totally preventing discoloration and stiffness4 ,it has the same effect after a blow4 ,it should be applied as quickly as possible1 and as hot as it can be borne4 #cach4 ,insertion in hot water will cure that troublesome and fearful thing called a whitlow4 #caci4 ,the efficacy of hot water in preventing the ill effects of fatigue is too well known to require notice4 #cadj4 ,blisters4--,see pages #aac and #cgd4 #cada4 ,plasters1 ,cerates1 etc4--,see page #bch4 #cadb4 ,food for the ,sick4--,see page #bcj1 c4 #cadc4 ,fevers and ,remedies4--,see pages #aaa1 #aab4 #cadd4 ,mucilage of ,gum ,arabic4--,rub one ounce of gum arabic in a mortar1 with four ounces of warm water4 ,use for coughs1 c4 #cade4 ,mucilage of ,starch4--,rub one drachm of starch with a little water1 and gradually add five ounces of water1 then boil until it forms a mucilage4 #cadf4 ,use for enemas1 topical application and demulcent4 #cadg4 ,cutaneous ,eruptions4--,the following mixture is very useful in all cutaneous eruptions3 #cadh4 ,ipecacuanha wine1 four drachms2 flowers of sulphur1 two drachms2 tincture of cardamoms1 one ounce4 ,mix4 #cadi4 ,dose--one teaspoonful to be taken three times a day1 in a wine-glassful of water4 7,see page #bcb47 #caej4 ,small ,pox ,marks4--,long observation has convinced me that nothing so effectually removes these disfigurements as gently rubbing the face with a soft towel immediately after washing4 ,this practice1 which is free from the objections which may be made against external applications 7which are usually violent irritants71 quickens the circulation of the blood1 producing exfoliation and the formation of new tissues1 and at the same time restoring to the cheek its healthy color1 which is generally lost by confluent small-pox4--,dr4 ,cox4 #caea4 ,mental and bodily exercise are equally essential to the general health and happiness4 #caeb4 ,therefore1 labor and study should succeed each other4 #caec4 ,man will live most healthily upon simple solids and fluids1 of which a sufficient but temperate quantity should be taken4 #caed4 ,therefore1 strong drinks1 tobacco1 snuff1 opium1 and all mere indulgences should be avoided4 ,,special ,,rules ,,for ,,the ,,prevention ,,of ,,cholera4 #caee4 ,we urge the necessity1 in all cases of cholera1 of an instant recourse to medical aid4 #caef4 ,also under every form and variety of indisposition3 for all disorders are found to merge in the dominant disease4 #caeg4 ,let immediate relief be sought under disorder of the bowels especially1 however slight4 ,the invasion of cholera may thus be readily prevented4 #caeh4 ,let every impurity1 animal and vegetable1 be quickly removed to a distance from the habitations1 such as slaughter-houses1 pig-sties1 cesspools1 necessaries1 and all other domestic nuisances4 #caei4 ,let all uncovered drains be carefully and frequently cleansed4 #cafj4 ,let the grounds in and around the habitations be drained1 so as effectually to carry off moisture of every kind4 #cafa4 ,let all partitions be removed from within and without habitations1 which unnecessarily impede ventilation4 #cafb4 ,let every room be daily thrown open for the admission of fresh air2 this should be done about noon1 when the atmosphere is most likely to be dry4 #cafc4 ,let dry scrubbing be used in domestic cleansing in place of water cleansing4 #cafd4 ,let excessive fatigue1 and exposure to damp and cold1 especially during the night1 be avoided4 #cafe4 ,let the use of cold drinks and acid liquors1 especially under fatigue1 be avoided1 or when the body is heated4 #caff4 ,let the use of cold acid fruits and vegetables be avoided4 #cafg4 ,let excess in the use of ardent and fermented liquors and tobacco be avoided4 #cafh4 ,let a poor diet1 and the use of impure water in cooking1 or for drinking1 be avoided4 #cafi4 ,let the wearing of wet and insufficient clothes be avoided4 #cagj4 ,let a flannel or woolen belt be worn round the person4 #caga4 ,let personal cleanliness be carefully observed4 #cagb4 ,let every cause tending to depress the moral and physical energies be carefully avoided4 ,let exposure to extremes of heat and cold be avoided4 #cagc4 ,let crowding of persons within houses and apartments be avoided4 #cagd4 ,let sleeping in low or damp rooms be avoided4 #cage4 ,let fires be kept up during the night in sleeping or adjoining apartments1 the night being the period of most danger from attack1 especially under exposure to cold or damp4 #cagf4 ,let all bedding and clothing be daily exposed during winter and spring to the fire1 and in summer to the heat of the sun4 #cagg4 ,let the dead be buried in places remote from the habitation of the living4 #cagh4 ,by the timely adoption of simple means such as these1 cholera or other epidemics will be made to lose its venom4 ,,rules ,,for ,a ,,sick ,,room4 #cagi4 ,see pages #bcf and #bcg4 #cahj4 ,keep the patient1 and all about him1 perfectly clean2 and secure1 as far as possible1 pure air4 #caha4 ,the chamber should be ventilated at least once a day1 or twice if it can be borne4 #cahb4 ,the bed clothes should be carried out into the open air1 if it is dry1 if not1 into the next room2 and if the patient is unable to sit up meanwhile1 let them be supplied by others4 #cahc4 ,keep the room quiet1 and in perfect order4 #cahd4 ,let the sick be addressed in a gentle voice1 and the conversation1 if any is admitted1 be pleasant and cheering4 #cahe4 ,the nurse and friends should express sympathy with the sufferer1 but at the same time seek to inspire courage1 and patience to endure4 #cahf4 ,all vials and powders should be labeled1 to prevent fatal mistakes4 #cahg4 ,the beds should be made at least once a day1 and if the patient can bear it1 twice4 ,carry the beds out into the open air1 or if damp1 into another room4 #cahh4 ,keep the skin clean by daily ablutions3 change the garments frequently1 and rinse the mouth often4 #cahi4 ,a nurse should be of a pleasant1 agreeable1 persuasive1 and even temper1 with great patience to bear with the whims and unreasonable fretfulness that often appear in the sick4 #caij4 ,never dispute with a very sick person1 nor reprove him for any seeming inconsistency4 ,remember that he is scarcely a responsible being4 #caia4 ,to prevent ,pitting after ,small-,pox4--,spread a sheet of thin leather with the ointment of ammoniacum with mercury1 and cut out a place for the mouth1 eyes1 and nostrils4 #caib4 ,this forms what is called a mask1 and after anointing the eye-lids with a little blue ointment 7unguentum hydrargyri71 it should be applied to the face1 and allowed to remain for three days for the distinct kind1 and four days for the running variety4 ,period to apply it3 #caic4 ,before the spots fill with matter1 although it will answer sometimes even after they have become pustulous4 ,it may be applied to any part in the same way4 #caid4 ,precautions to be ,observed in giving ,medicines4--,sex4--,medicines for females should not be so strong as those for males1 therefore it is advisable to reduce the doses about one-eighth4 #caie4 ,temperament4--,persons of a phlegmatic temperament bear stimulants and purgatives better than those of a sanguine temperament2 therefore the latter require smaller doses4 #caif4 ,habits4--,purgatives never act so well upon persons accustomed to take them1 as upon those who are not2 therefore it is better to change the form of purgative from pill to potion1 powder to draught1 or aromatic to saline4 ,purgatives should never be given when there is an irritable state of the bowels4 #caig4 ,stimulants and narcotics never act so quickly upon persons accustomed to use spirits freely as upon those who live abstemiously4 ,,domestic ,,surgery4 #caih4 ,this will comprise such hints and advice as will enable any one to act on an emergency1 or in ordinary trivial accidents requiring simple treatment2 and also to distinguish between serious and simple accidents1 and the best means to adopt in all cases that are likely to fall under a person's notice4 #caii4 ,these hints will be of the utmost value to the heads of families1 to emigrants1 and to persons who are frequently called upon to attend upon the sick4 #cbjj4 ,we strongly recommend the parent1 emigrant or nurse to read over these directions occasionally1 to regard it as a duty1 to do so at least three or four times a year1 so as to be prepared for emergencies whenever they may arise4 #cbja4 ,when accidents occur1 people are too excited to acquire immediately a knowledge of what they should do2 and many lives have been lost for want of this knowledge4 #cbjb4 ,study1 therefore1 at moderate intervals1 the domestic surgery1 treatment of poisons1 rules for the prevention of accidents1 how to escape from fires1 c41 which will be found in various pages of this book4 #cbjc4 ,let it be impressed upon your mind that the ,index will enable you to refer to any thing you may require in a moment4 #cbjd4 ,dressings are substances usually applied to parts for the purpose of soothing1 promoting their reunion when divided1 protecting them from external injuries1 as a means of applying various medicines1 to absorb discharges1 protect the surrounding parts1 and securing cleanliness4 #cbje4 ,certain instruments are required for the application of dressings in domestic surgery1 viz4--,scissors1 a pair of tweezers1 or simple forceps1 a knife1 needles and thread1 a razor1 a lancet1 a piece of lunar caustic in a quill1 and a sponge4 #cbjf4 ,the materials required for dressings1 consist of lint1 scraped linen1 carded cotton1 tow1 ointment spread on calico1 adhesive plaster1 compresses1 pads1 poultices1 old rags of linen or calico1 and water4 #cbjg4 ,the following rules should be attended to in applying dressings4 ,always prepare the new dressings before removing the old ones4 #cbjh4 ,always have hot and cold water at hand1 and a vessel to place the foul dressings in4 #cbji4 ,have one or more persons at hand ready to assist1 and tell each person what they are to do before you commence1 it prevents confusion2 thus1 one is to wash out and hand the sponges1 another to heat the adhesive plaster1 or hand the bandages and dressings1 and1 if requisite1 a third to support the limb1 c4 #cbaj4 ,always stand on the outside of a limb to dress it4 ,place the patient in as easy a position as possible1 so as not to fatigue him4 ,arrange the bed after changing the dressings1 but in some cases you will have to do so before the patient is placed on it4 #cbaa4 ,never be in a hurry when applying dressings1 do it quietly4 ,when a patient requires moving from one bed to another1 the best way is for one person to stand on each side of the patient1 and each to place an arm behind his back1 while he passes his arms over their necks2 then let their other arms be passed under his thighs1 and by holding each other's hands1 the patient can be raised with ease1 and removed to another bed4 #cbab4 ,if the leg is injured1 a third person should steady it1 and if the arm1 the same precaution should be adopted4 #cbac4 ,sometimes a stout sheet is passed under the patient1 and by several people holding the sides1 the patient is lifted without any fatigue or much disturbance4 #cbad4 ,lint may be made in a hurry1 by nailing the corners of a piece of old linen to a board1 and scraping its surface with a knife4 ,it is used either alone or spread with ointment4 #cbae4 ,scraped lint is the fine filaments from ordinary lint1 and is used to stimulate ulcers and absorb discharges2 it is what the ,french call charpie4 #cbaf4 ,scraped lint is made into various shapes1 for particular purposes4 #cbag4 ,for example1 when it is screwed up into a conical or wedge-like shape1 it is called a tent1 and is used to dilate fistulous openings1 so as to allow the matter to escape freely1 to plug wounds1 so as to promote the formation of a clot of blood1 and thus arrest bleeding4 #cbah4 ,when it is rolled into little balls they are called boulettes1 and are used for absorbing matter in cavities1 or blood in wounds4 #cbai4 ,carded cotton is used as a dressing for superficial burns1 and care should be taken to free it from specks1 as flies are apt to lay their eggs there1 and generate maggots4 #cbbj4 ,tow is chiefly employed as a padding for splints1 as compresses1 and also as an outer dressing where there is much discharge from a surface4 #cbba4 ,ointments are spread on calicoes1 lint1 or even thin layers of tow by means of a knife2 they should not be spread too thick4 #cbbb4 ,adhesive plaster is cut into strips1 ranging in width according to the nature of the wound1 c41 but the usual width is about three-quarters of an inch4 #cbbc4 ,isinglass plaster is not so irritating as diachylon1 and is more easily removed4 #cbbd4 ,compresses are made of pieces of linen1 calico1 lint1 or tow1 doubled or cut into various shapes4 #cbbe4 ,they are used to confine dressings in their places1 and to apply an equal pressure on parts4 #cbbf4 ,they should be free from darns1 hems1 and knots4 #cbbg4 ,ordinary compresses are square1 oblong1 and triangular4 #cbbh4 ,the pierced compress is made by folding up a square piece of linen five or six times on itself1 and then nicking the surface with scissors1 so as to cut out small pieces4 #cbbi4 ,it is then opened out1 and spread with ointment4 #cbcj4 ,it is applied to discharging surfaces1 for the purpose of allowing the matter to pass freely through the holes1 and is frequently covered with a thin layer of tow4 #cbca4 ,compresses are also made in the shape of a ,maltese cross1 and half a cross1 sometimes split singly1 and at other times doubly3 or they are graduated by placing square pieces of folded cloth on one another1 so arranged that they decrease in size each time4 #cbcb4 ,they are used for keeping up pressure upon certain parts4 #cbcc4 ,pads are made by sewing tow inside pieces of linen1 or folding linen and sewing the pieces together4 ,they are used to keep off pressure from parts1 such as that caused by splints in fractures4 ,,bandages4 #cbcd4 ,bandages are strips of calico1 linen1 flannel1 muslin1 elastic webbing1 bunting1 or some other substance1 of various lengths1 such as three1 four1 eight1 ten1 or twelve yards1 and one1 one and a-half1 two1 two and a-half1 three1 four1 or six inches wide1 free from hems or darns2 soft and unglazed4 #cbce4 ,they are better after they have been washed4 #cbcf4 ,bandages are simple and compound2 the former are simple slips rolled up tightly like a roll of ribbon4 #cbcg4 ,there is also another simple kind which is rolled from both ends--this is called a double-headed bandage4 #cbch4 ,the compound bandages are formed of many pieces4 #cbci4 ,bandages for the head should be two inches wide and five yards long2 for the neck1 two inches wide and three yards long2 for the arm1 two inches wide and seven yards long2 for the leg1 two inches and a half wide and seven yards long2 for the thigh1 three inches wide and eight yards long2 and for the body1 four or six inches wide and ten or twelve yards long4 #cbdj4 ,to apply a single-headed bandage1 lay the outside of the end next to the part to be bandaged1 and to hold the roll between the little1 ring1 and middle fingers and the palm of the left hand1 using the thumb and fore-finger of the same hand to guide it1 and the right hand to keep it firm1 and pass the bandage partly round the leg toward the left hand4 #cbda4 ,it is sometimes necessary to reverse this order1 and therefore it is well to be able to use both hands4 #cbdb4 ,circular bandages are used for the neck1 to retain dressings on any part of it1 or for blisters1 setons1 c42 for the head1 to keep dressings on the forehead or any part contained within a circle passing round the head2 for the arm1 previous to bleeding2 for the leg1 above the knee2 and for the fingers1 c4 #cbdc4 ,to confine the ends of bandages some persons use pins1 others slit the end for a short distance1 and tie the two strips into a knot1 and some use a strip of adhesive plaster4 #cbdd4 ,always place the point of a pin in such a position that it should not be likely to prick the patient1 or the person dressing the limb1 or be likely to draw out by using the limb3 therefore1 as a general rule1 turn the head of the pin from the free end of the bandage1 or toward the upper part of the limb4 #cbde4 ,the oblique bandage is generally used for arms and legs1 to retain dressings4 #cbdf4 ,the spiral bandage is generally applied to the trunk and extremities1 but it is apt to fall off even when very carefully applied3 therefore we generally use another called the recurrent1 which folds back again4 #cbdg4 ,the recurrent bandage is the best kind of bandage that we can employ for general purposes4 #cbdh4 ,the circular bandage is formed by horizontal turns1 each of which overlaps the one made before it4 #cbdi4 ,the spiral consists of spiral turns4 #cbej4 ,the oblique follows a course oblique or slanting to the centre of the limb4 #cbea4 ,the recurrent folds back again to the part whence it started4 #cbeb4 ,a bandage for the chest is always placed upon the patient in a sitting posture2 and it may be put on in circles or spirally4 #cbec4 ,use1 in fractures of the ribs1 to retain dressings1 and after severe contusions4 #cbed4 ,a bandage for the belly is placed on the patient as directed in the last2 if spirally1 carrying it from above downward4 #cbee4 ,use1 to compress the belly after dropsy1 or retain dressings4 #cbef4 ,the hand is bandaged by crossing the bandage over the back of the hand4 #cbeg4 ,use1 to retain dressings4 #cbeh4 ,for the head1 a bandage may be circular1 or spiral or both2 in the latter case1 commence by placing one circular turn just over the ears2 then bring down from left to right1 and round the head again1 so as to alternate a spiral with a circular turn4 #cbei4 ,use1 to retain dressings on the head or over the eye2 but this form soon gets slack4 ,the circular bandage is the best1 crossing it over both eyes4 #cbfj4 ,for the ,foot4--,place the end just above the outer ankle1 and make two circular turns1 to prevent its slipping2 then bring it down from the inside of the foot over the instep toward the outer part2 pass it under the sole of the foot1 and upward and inward over the instep toward the inner ankle1 then round the ankle1 and repeat again4 #cbfa4 ,use1 to retain dressings to the instep1 heel or ankle4 #cbfb4 ,for the leg and foot1 commence and proceed as directed in #bbac2 then continue it up the leg as ordered in #cbdg4 #cbfc4 ,as it sometimes happens that it is necessary to apply a bandage at once1 and the materials are not at hand1 it is desirable to know how to substitute something else that any one may apply with ease4 #cbfd4 ,this is found to be effected by handkerchiefs1 and an experienced surgeon has paid great attention to this subject1 and brought it to much perfection4 ,it is to him1 therefore1 that we are indebted for most of these hints4 #cbfe4 ,any ordinary handkerchief will do2 but a square of linen1 folded into various shapes1 answers better4 #cbff4 ,the shapes generally required are as follows3--,the triangle1 the long square1 the cravat1 and the cord4 #cbfg4 ,the triangular handkerchief is made by folding it from corner to corner4 ,use1 as a bandage for the head4 #cbfh4 ,application4--,place the base round the head1 and the short part hanging down behind1 then tie the long ends over it4 #cbfi4 ,the long-square is made by folding the handkerchief into three parts1 or double it once upon itself4 #cbgj4 ,use1 as a bandage to the ribs1 belly1 c4 ,if one handkerchief is not long enough1 sew two together4 #cbga4 ,the cravat is folded as usual with cravats4 ,use1 as a bandage for the head1 arms1 legs1 feet1 neck1 c4 #cbgb4 ,the cord is used to compress vessels1 when a knot is made in it1 and placed over the vessel to be compressed4 ,it is merely a handkerchief twisted in its long diameter4 #cbgc4 ,sometimes it is necessary to apply two or more handkerchiefs1 as in a broken collar-bone1 or when it is necessary to keep dressings under the arm4 #cbgd4 ,it is applied by knotting the two ends of one handkerchief together1 passing the left arm through it1 then passing another handkerchief under the right arm1 and tying it4 #cbge4 ,by this means we can brace the shoulders well back1 and the handkerchief will press firmly over the broken collar-bone2 besides1 this form of bandage does not readily slip or get slack1 but it requires to be combined with the sling1 in order to keep the arm steady4 #cbgf4 ,when a woman has an inflamed breast that requires support or dressings to be kept to it1 tie two ends of the handkerchief round her neck1 and bring the body of it over the breast1 and pass it upward and backward under the arm of that side1 and tie the ends of those around the neck4 #cbgg4 ,an excellent sling is formed by placing one handkerchief around the neck1 and knotting the two ends over the breast-bone1 then placing the other in triangle under the arm1 to be supported with the base near to the hand2 tie the ends over the handkerchief1 and pin the top to the other part after passing it around the elbow4 #cbgh4 ,apparatus4--,when a person receives a severe contusion of the leg or foot1 or breaks his leg1 or has painful ulcers over the leg1 or is unable from some cause to bear the pressure of the bed-clothes1 it is advisable to know how to keep them from hurting the leg4 #cbgi4 ,this may be done by bending up a fire-guard1 or placing a chair1 resting upon the edge of its back and front of the seat over the leg1 or putting a box on each side of it1 and placing a plank over them2 but the best way is to make a cradle1 as it is called4 #cbhj4 ,this is done by getting three pieces of wood1 and three pieces of iron wire1 and passing the wire or hoop through the wood4 ,this can be placed to any height1 and is very useful in all cases where pressure cannot be borne4 #cbha4 ,wooden hoops cut in halves answer better than the wire4 #cbhb4 ,when a person breaks his leg1 and splints cannot be had directly1 get a bunch of straw or twigs1 and roll it up in a handkerchief1 and place one on each side of the leg or arm1 and bind another handkerchief firmly around them1 or make a long bag about three inches in diameter1 or even more1 of coarse linen duck1 or carpet1 and stuff this full of bran1 sawdust1 or sand2 sew up the end1 and use this the same as the twigs4 ,it forms an excellent extemporaneous splint4 #cbhc4 ,another good plan is to get a hat-box made of chip1 and cut it into suitable lengths1 or for want of all these1 some bones out of a pair of stays1 and run them through a stout piece of rug1 protecting the leg with a fold of rug1 linen1 c4 #cbhd4 ,when dry warmth is required to be applied to any part of the body1 fry a flour pancake and lay it over the part2 or warm some sand and place in the patient's socks1 and lay it to the part2 salt does as well1 and may be put into a paper bag2 or warm water put into ginger-beer bottles or stone jars1 and rolled up in flannel4 #cbhe4 ,violent shocks will sometimes stun a person1 and he will remain unconscious4 #cbhf4 ,untie strings1 collars1 c42 loose any thing that is tight1 and interferes with the breathing2 raise the head2 see if there is bleeding from any part2 apply smelling-salts to the nose1 and hot bottles to the feet4 #cbhg4 ,in concussion1 the surface of the body is cold and pale1 and the pulse weak and small1 the breathing slow and gentle1 and the pupil of the eye generally contracted or small4 ,you can get an answer by speaking loud1 so as to arouse the patient4 #cbhh4 ,give a little brandy and water1 keep the place quiet1 apply warmth1 and do not raise the head too high4 ,if you tickle the feet1 the patient feels it4 #cbhi4 ,in ,compression of the ,brain1 from any cause1 such as apoplexy1 or a piece of fractured bone pressing on it1 there is loss of sensation4 ,if you tickle the feet1 he does not feel it4 ,you cannot arouse him so as to get an answer4 ,the pulse is slow and labored1 the breathing slow1 labored1 and snorting2 the pupils enlarged4 #cbij4 ,raise the head1 unloose strings or tight things1 and send for a surgeon4 ,if one cannot be got at once1 apply mustard-poultices and hot water to the feet1 and leeches to the temples2 or cold water1 which is better4 #cbia4 ,choking4--,when a person has a fish bone in the throat1 insert the forefinger1 press upon the root of the tongue1 so as to induce vomiting2 if this does not do1 let them swallow a large piece of potato or soft bread2 and if these fail1 give a mustard or soap emetic4 #cbib4 ,fainting1 ,hysterics1 c4--,loosen the garments1 bathe the temples with water or ,eau de ,cologne3 fresh air2 avoid bustle and excessive sympathy4 #cbic4 ,apparent ,death from ,drunkenness4--,raise the head1 unloose the clothes1 maintain warmth of surface1 and give a mustard emetic as soon as the person can swallow4 #cbid4 ,apoplexy1 and ,fits generally4--,raise the head2 unloose all tight clothes1 strings1 c42 apply cold lotions to the head and cold water1 and use hot applications to the feet4 ,send for a doctor as soon as possible4 #cbie4 ,suffocation from noxious gases1 c4 ,remove to the fresh air3 dash cold vinegar and water in the face1 neck and breast2 keep up the warmth of the body2 if necessary1 apply mustard-poultices to the soles of the feet1 and try artificial respiration as in drowning4 #cbif4 ,lightning and ,sun-stroke4--,treat the same as apoplexy2 that is1 use plenty of cold water4 #cbig4 ,hanging4--,loose the cord1 or whatever suspended the person1 and proceed as for drowning1 taking the additional precaution to apply eight or ten leeches to the temples1 or cold water4 ,,leeches ,,and ,,their ,,application4 #cbih4 ,the leech used for medical purposes is called the ,hirudo medicinalis1 to distinguish it from other varieties1 such as the horse-leech and the ,lisbon leech4 #cbii4 ,it varies from two to four inches in length1 and is of a blackish brown color1 marked on the back with six yellow spots1 and edged with a yellow line on each side4 #ccjj4 ,formerly leeches were supplied by ,sweden1 but latterly most of the leeches are procured from ,france1 where they are now becoming scarce4 #ccja4 ,when leeches are applied to a part1 it should be thoroughly freed from down or hair by shaving1 and all liniments1 c41 carefully and effectually cleaned away by washing4 #ccjb4 ,if the leech is hungry it will soon bite1 but sometimes great difficulty is experienced in getting them to fasten on4 ,when this is the case1 roll the leech into a little porter1 or moisten the surface with a little blood1 or milk1 or sugar and water4 #ccjc4 ,leeches may be applied by holding them over the part with a piece of linen cloth or by means of an inverted glass1 under which they must be placed4 #ccjd4 ,when applied to the gums1 care should be taken to use a leech glass1 as they are apt to creep down the patient's throat2 a large swan's quill will answer the purpose of a leech glass4 #ccje4 ,when leeches are gorged they will drop off themselves2 never tear them off from a person1 but just dip the point of a moistened finger into some salt1 and touch them with it4 #ccjf4 ,be sure never to allow any one to go to sleep with leech bites bleeding1 without watching them carefully2 and never apply too many to children4 #ccjg4 ,if a leech is accidentally swallowed1 or by any means gets into the body1 employ an emetic1 or enema of salt and water4 #ccjh4 ,it is to be hoped that these disgusting worms will soon be banished with the lancet from the practice4 #ccji4 ,taking blood is now conceded1 by the best physicians1 to be injurious4 #ccaj4 ,the life is the blood4--,whoever takes away blood1 weakens life4--7,see page #abg47 #ccaa4 ,bruises and ,inflammation4--,use warm water2 bathings are better than scarifications4 #ccab4 ,burns and ,scalds4--7,see pages #aji1 #aaj47--,vitriol ,accidents4--,see page #aaj4 #ccac4 ,poisons and their ,remedies4--,see pages #abj1 #aba1 #abb4 #ccad4 ,body in ,flames4--,lay the person down on the floor of the room1 and throw the tablecloth1 rug1 or other large cloth over him1 and roll him on the floor4 #ccae4 ,dirt in the ,eye4--,place your forefinger upon the cheekbone1 having the patient before you2 then draw up the finger and you will probably be able to remove the dirt2 but if this will not enable you to get at it1 repeat this operation while you have a netting-needle or bodkin placed over the eye-lid2 this will turn it inside out1 and enable you to remove the sand1 or eyelash1 c41 with the corner of a fine silk handkerchief4 #ccaf4 ,as soon as the substance is removed1 bathe the eye with warm water and exclude the light for a day4 ,if the inflammation is severe1 take a purgative and use a refrigerant lotion4 7#ifi47 #ccag4 ,lime in the ,eye4--,syringe it well with warm vinegar and water 7one ounce to eight ounces of water72 take a purgative1 and exclude light4 #ccah4 ,iron or ,steel ,spicul in the ,eye4--,this occurs while turning iron or steel in a lathe4 #ccai4 ,drop a solution of sulphate of copper 7from one to three grains of the salt to one ounce of water7 into the eye1 or keep the eye open in a wine-glassful of the solution4 #ccbj4 ,take a purgative1 bathe with cold lotion1 and exclude light to keep down inflammation4 #ccba4 ,dislocated ,thumb4--,this is frequently produced by a fall4 ,make a clove hitch1 by passing two loops of cord over the thumb1 placing a piece of rag under the cord to prevent it cutting the thumb2 then pull in the same line as the thumb4 ,afterward apply a cold lotion4 #ccbb4 ,cuts and ,wounds4--,cut thin strips of sticking-plaster1 and bring the parts together2 or if large and deep1 cut two broad pieces so as to look like the teeth of a comb1 and place one on each side of the wound1 which must be cleaned previously4 #ccbc4 ,these pieces must be arranged so that they shall interlace one another2 then1 by laying hold of the pieces on the right hand side with one hand1 and those on the other side with the other hand1 and pulling them from one another1 the edges of the wound are brought together1 and without any difficulty4 #ccbd4 ,hemorrhage1 when caused by an artery being divided or torn1 may be known by the blood jumping out of the wound1 and being of a bright scarlet color4 #ccbe4 ,if a vein is injured1 the blood is darker1 and flows continuously4 ,to stop the latter1 apply pressure by means of a compress and bandage4 #ccbf4 ,to arrest arterial bleeding1 get a piece of wood 7part of a mop-handle will do71 and tie a piece of tape to one end of it2 then tie a piece of tape loosely over the arm1 and pass the other end of the wood under it2 twist the stick round and round until the tape compresses the arm sufficiently to arrest the bleeding1 and then confine the other end by tying the string round the arm4 #ccbg4 ,if the bleeding is very obstinate1 and it occurs in the arm1 place a cork underneath the string1 on the inside of the fleshy part1 where the artery may be felt beating by any one2 if in the leg1 place a cork in the direction of a line drawn from the inner part of the knee a little to the outside of the groin4 #ccbh4 ,it is an excellent thing to accustom yourself to find out the position of these arteries1 or indeed any that are superficial1 and to explain to everyone in your house where they are1 and how to stop bleeding4 #ccbi4 ,if a stick cannot be got1 take a handkerchief1 make a cord bandage of it1 and tie a knot in the middle2 the knot acts as a compress1 and should be placed over the artery1 while the two ends are to be tied around the thumb4 #cccj4 ,observe always to place the ligature between the wound and the heart4 #ccca4 ,putting your finger into a bleeding wound1 and making pressure until a surgeon arrives1 will generally stop violent bleeding4 #cccb4 ,bleeding from the nose1 from whatever cause1 may generally be stopped by putting a plug of lint into the nostrils4--,see pp4 #ie-f4 #cccc4 ,in dangerous accidents always send off for a surgeon immediately an accident occurs1 but treat as directed until he arrives4 #cccd4 ,accidents4--,see page #id4 ,,riches4 #ccce4 ,the way to wealth1 says ,doctor ,franklin1 is as plain as the way to market4 #cccf4 ,many men1 however1 either miss the way1 or stumble and fall on the road4 #cccg4 ,fortune1 they say1 is a fickle dame--full of her freaks and caprices2 who blindly distributes her favors without the slightest discrimination4 ,so inconstant1 so wavering is she represented1 that her most faithful votaries can place no reliance on her promises4 #ccch4 ,disappointment1 they tell us1 is the lot of those who make offerings at her shrine4 ,now1 all this is a vile slander upon the dear blind lady4 #ccci4 ,although wealth often appears the result of mere accident1 or a fortunate concurrence of favorable circumstances1 without any exertion of skill or foresight1 yet every man of sound health and unimpaired mind may become wealthy1 if he takes the proper steps4 #ccdj4 ,foremost in the list of requisites1 are honesty and strict integrity in every transaction of life4 ,let a man have the reputation of being fair and upright in his dealings1 and he will possess the confidence of all who know him4 #ccda4 ,without these qualities1 every other merit will prove unavailing4 ,ask concerning a man1 ,is he active and capable8 ,yes4 ,industrious1 temperate1 and regular in his habits8 ,o yes4 #ccdb4 ,is he honest8 is he trustworthy8 ,why1 as to that1 ,i am sorry to say that he is not to be trusted2 he wants watching2 he is a little tricky1 and will take an undue advantage1 if he can4 #ccdc4 ,then ,i will have nothing to do with him3 will be the invariable reply4 #ccdd4 ,in a word1 it is almost impossible for a dishonest man to acquire wealth by a regular process of business1 because he is shunned as a depredator upon society4 #ccde4 ,needy men are apt to deviate from the rule of integrity1 under the plea that necessity knows no law2 they might as well add that it knows no shame4 #ccdf4 ,the course is suicidal1 and by destroying all confidence1 ever keeps them immured in poverty1 although they may possess every other quality for success in the world4 #ccdg4 ,punctuality1 which is said to be the soul of business1 is another important element in the art of money-getting4 #ccdh4 ,therefore be prompt in your payments4 #ccdi4 ,next1 let us consider the advantages of a cautious circumspection in our intercourse with the world4 ,slowness of belief1 and a proper distrust are essential to success4 #ccej4 ,the credulous and confiding are ever the dupes of knaves and impostors4 ,ask those who have lost their property how it happened1 and you will find in most cases it has been owing to misplaced confidence4 #ccea4 ,one has lost by endorsing2 another by crediting2 another by false representations2 all of which a little more foresight and a little more distrust would have prevented4 #cceb4 ,in the affairs of this world1 men are not saved by faith1 but by the want of it4 #ccec4 ,judge of men by what they do1 not by what they say4 ,believe in looks rather than in words4 #cced4 ,before trusting a man1 before putting it in his power to cause you a loss1 possess yourself of every available information relative to him4 #ccee4 ,learn his history1 his habits1 inclinations and propensities2 his reputation for honesty1 industry1 frugality1 and punctuality2 his prospects1 resources1 supports1 advantages and disadvantages2 his intentions and motives of action2 who are his friends and enemies1 and what are his good or bad qualities4 #ccef4 ,you may learn a man's good qualities and advantages from his friends--his bad qualities and disadvantages from his enemies4 ,make due allowance for exaggeration in both4 #cceg4 ,finally1 examine carefully before engaging in any thing1 and act with energy afterward4 ,have the hundred eyes of ,argus beforehand1 and the hundred hands of ,briareus afterward4 #cceh4 ,order and system in the management of business must not be neglected4 ,nothing contributes more to dispatch4 #ccei4 ,do first what presses most1 and having determined what is to be done1 and how it is to be done1 lose no time in doing it4 ,without this method1 all is hurry and confusion1 little or nothing is accomplished1 and business is attended to with neither pleasure nor profit4 #ccfj4 ,a polite1 affable deportment is recommended4 #ccfa4 ,take two men1 possessing equal advantages in every other respect1 but let one be gentlemanly1 kind1 obliging1 and conciliating in his manners2 the other harsh1 rude1 and disobliging1 and the one will become rich1 while the other will starve4 #ccfb4 ,industry4--,we are now to consider a very important principle in the business of money-getting1 namely--,industry--persevering1 indefatigable1 attention to business4 #ccfc4 ,persevering diligence is the philosopher's stone1 which turns every thing to gold4 ,constant1 regular1 habitual1 and systematic application to business must1 in time1 if properly directed1 produce great results4 #ccfd4 ,it must lead to wealth1 with the same certainty that poverty follows in the train of idleness and inattention4 #ccfe4 ,it has been truly remarked1 that he who follows his amusements instead of his business1 will1 in a short time1 have no business to follow4 #ccff4 ,the art of money-saving is an important part of the art of money-getting4 ,without frugality1 no one can become rich2 with it1 few would be poor4 ,those who consume as fast as they produce1 are on the road to ruin4 #ccfg4 ,as most of the poverty we meet with grows out of idleness and extravagance1 so most large fortunes have been the result of habitual industry and frugality4 #ccfh4 ,the practice of economy is as necessary in the expenditure of time as of money4 ,they say that if we take care of the pence1 the pounds will take care of themselves4 ,so1 if we take care of the minutes1 the days will take care of themselves4 #cffi4 ,away1 then1 with your expensive follies1 and you will not then have so much cause to complain of hard times1 heavy taxes1 and chargeable families4 #ccgj4 ,many1 for the sake of finery on the back1 have gone with a hungry stomach1 and half starved their families4 #ccga4 ,the acquisition of wealth demands as much self-denial1 and as many sacrifices of present gratification1 as the practice of virtue itself4 #ccgb4 ,vice and poverty proceed1 in some degree1 from the same sources1 namely--the disposition to sacrifice the future to the present2 the inability to forego a small present pleasure for great future advantages4 #ccgc4 ,men fail of fortune in this world1 as they fail of happiness in the world to come1 simply because they are unwilling to deny themselves momentary enjoyments for the sake of permanent future happiness4 #ccgd4 ,every large city is filled with persons1 who1 in order to support the appearance of wealth1 constantly live beyond their income1 and make up the deficiency by contracting debts which are never paid4 #ccge4 ,others there are1 the mere drones of society1 who pass their days in idleness1 and subsist by pirating on the hives of the industrious4 #ccgf4 ,many who run a short-lived career of splendid beggary1 could they but be persuaded to adopt a system of rigid economy for a few years1 might pass the remainder of their days in affluence4 #ccgg4 ,but no6 ,they must keep up appearances1 they must live like other folks4 #ccgh4 ,their debts accumulate2 their credit fails2 they are harassed by duns1 and besieged by constables and sheriffs4 #ccgi4 ,in this extremity1 as a last resort1 they submit to a shameful dependence1 or engage in criminal practices1 which entail hopeless wretchedness and infamy on themselves and families4 #cchj4 ,stick to the business in which you are regularly employed4 ,let speculators make their thousands in a year or a day2 mind your own regular trade1 never turning from it to the right hand or to the left4 #ccha4 ,if you are a merchant1 a professional man1 or a mechanic1 never buy lots or stocks unless you have surplus money which you wish to invest4 ,your own business you understand as well as other men2 but other people's business you do not understand4 #cchb4 ,let your business be some one which is useful to the community4 ,all such occupations possess the elements of profit in themselves4 #cchc4 ,to the foregoing advice we add the description of the hero in business life4 #cchd4 ,a sacred regard to the principles of justice forms the basis of every transaction1 and regulates the conduct of the upright man of business4 #cche4 ,he is strict in keeping his engagements4 #cchf4 ,does nothing carelessly or in a hurry4 #cchg4 ,employs nobody to do what he can easily do himself4 #cchh4 ,keeps every thing in its proper place4 #cchi4 ,leaves nothing undone that ought to be done1 and which circumstances permit him to do4 #ccij4 ,keeps his designs and business from the view of others4 #ccia4 ,is prompt and decisive with his customers1 and does not overtrade his capital4 #ccib4 ,prefers short credits to long ones2 and cash to credit at all times1 either in buying or selling2 and small profits in credit cases with little risk1 to the chance of better gains with more hazard4 #ccic4 ,he is clear and explicit in all his bargains4 #ccid4 ,leaves nothing of consequence to memory which he can and ought to commit to writing4 #ccie4 ,keeps copies of all his important letters which he sends away1 and has every letter1 invoice1 c41 relating to his business1 titled1 classed1 and put away4 #ccif4 ,never suffers his desk to be confused by many papers lying upon it4 #ccig4 ,is always at the head of his business1 well knowing that if he leaves it1 it will leave him4 #ccih4 ,holds it as a maxim that he whose credit is suspected is not one to be trusted4 #ccii4 ,is constantly examining his books1 and sees through all his affairs as far as care and attention will enable him4 #cdjj4 ,balances regularly at stated times1 and then makes out and transmits all his accounts-current to his customers1 both at home and abroad4 #cdja4 ,he avoids1 as much as possible1 all sorts of accommodation in money matters and lawsuits where there is the least hazard4 #cdjb4 ,he is economical in his expenditure1 always living within his income4 #cdjc4 ,keeps a memorandum-book in his pocket1 in which he notes every particular relative to appointments1 addresses1 and petty cash matters4 #cdjd4 ,is cautious how he becomes security for any person2 and is generous when urged by motives of humanity4 #cdje4 ,let a man act strictly to these habits2 when once begun they will be easy to continue in--ever remembering that he hath no profits by his pains whom ,providence doth not prosper--and success will attend his efforts4 #cdjf4 ,if he has a good wife1 who does her part1 the happiness of the noble-hearted business-man is as secure as humanity admits4 ,,temperance4 #cdjg4 ,to be temperate in all things1 is the command2 a rule necessary for men in order to acquire wealth righteously1 and enjoy health perfectly4 #cdjh4 ,late hours1 irregular habits1 and want of attention to diet1 are common errors with most young men1 and these gradually1 but at first imperceptibly1 undermine the health1 and lay the foundation for various forms of disease in after life4 #cdji4 ,it is a very difficult thing to make young persons comprehend this4 ,they frequently sit up as late as twelve1 one1 or two o'clock1 without experiencing any ill effects2 they go without a meal to-day1 and to-morrow eat to repletion1 with only temporary inconvenience4 #cdaj4 ,one night they will sleep three or four hours1 and the next nine or ten2 or one night1 in their eagerness to get away into some agreeable company1 they will take no food at all2 and the next1 perhaps1 will eat a hearty supper1 and go to bed upon it4 #cdaa4 ,these1 with various other irregularities1 are common to the majority of young men1 and are1 as just stated1 the cause of much bad health in mature life4 #cdab4 ,indeed1 nearly all the shattered constitutions with which too many are cursed1 are the result of a disregard to the plainest precepts of health in early life4 #cdac4 ,laborers1 and other working people1 more especially those whose occupations require them to be much in the open air1 may be considered as following a regulated system of moderation2 and hence the higher degree of health which prevails among them and their families4 #cdad4 ,they also observe rules2 and those which it is said were recommended by ,old ,parr are remarkable for good sense2 namely-- #cdae4 ,keep your head cool by temperance1 your feet warm by exercise2 rise early1 and go soon to bed2 and if you are inclined to get fat1 keep your eyes open and your mouth shut4 #cdaf4 ,in other words1 sleep moderately1 and be abstemious in diet2--excellent admonitions1 more especially to those inclined to corpulency4 #cdag4 ,the advantage to be derived from a regular mode of living1 with a view to the preservation of health and life1 are nowhere better exemplified than in the precepts and practice of ,plutarch1 whose rules for this purpose are excellent2 and by observing them himself1 he maintained his bodily strength and mental faculties unimpaired to a very advanced age4 #cdah4 ,galen is a still stronger proof of the advantages of a regular plan1 by means of which he reached the great age of #adj years1 without having ever experienced disease4 #cdai4 ,his advice to the readers of his ,treatise on ,health1 is as follows3 #cdbj4 ,i beseech all persons who shall read this work1 not to degrade themselves to a level with the brutes1 or the rabble1 by gratifying their sloth1 or by eating and drinking promiscuously whatever pleases their palates1 or by indulging their appetites of every kind4 #cdba4 ,but1 whether they understand physic1 or not1 let them consult their reason1 and observe what agrees1 and what does not agree with them1 that1 like wise men1 they may adhere to the use of such things as conduce to their health1 and forbear every thing which1 by their own experience1 they find to do them hurt2 and let them be assured that1 by a diligent observation and practice of this rule1 they may enjoy a good share of health1 and seldom stand in need of physic or physicians4 #cdbb4 ,the celebrated maxims of ,dr4 ,franklin1 published as the ,sayings of ,poor ,richard1 deserve a place in this family book4 #cdbc4 ,i have sought out1 and here bring together1 over one hundred of these prudent precepts4 ,,the ,,way ,,to ,,wealth4 #cdbd4 ,god helps those who help themselves4 #cdbe4 ,many words won't fill a bushel4 #cdbf4 ,sloth1 like rust1 consumes faster than labor wears4 #cdbg4 ,the key often used is always bright4 #cdbh4 ,dost thou love life8 ,then do not squander time1 for that is the stuff life is made of4 #cdbi4 ,the sleeping fox catches no poultry4 #cdcj4 ,there will be time enough for sleep1 in the grave4 #cdca4 ,if time be of all things the most precious1 wasting time must be the greatest prodigality4 #cdcb4 ,lost time is never found again4 #cdcc4 ,what we call time enough1 always proves little enough4 #cdcd4 ,sloth makes all things difficult1 but industry all easy4 #cdce4 ,he that riseth late must trot all day1 and shall scarce overtake his business at night4 #cdcf4 ,laziness travels so slowly1 that poverty soon overtakes him4 #cdcg4 ,drive thy business1 lest it drive thee4 #cdch4 ,early to bed and early to rise1 makes a man healthy1 wealthy1 and wise4 #cdci4 ,industry need not wish4 #cddj4 ,he that lives upon hope1 will die fasting4 #cdda4 ,there are no gains without pains4 #cddb4 ,help1 hands1 for ,i have no lands4 #cddc4 ,he that hath a trade1 hath an estate1 and he that hath a calling1 hath an office of profit and honor2 but the trade must be worked at1 and the calling well followed1 or neither will enable us to pay our taxes4 #cddd4 ,the drone in the hive makes no honey4 #cdde4 ,at the working-man's house hunger looks in1 but does not enter4 #cddf4 ,industry pays debts1 but despair increaseth them4 #cddg4 ,diligence is the mother of good luck4 #cddh4 ,god gives all things to industry4 #cddi4 ,plow deep while sluggards sleep1 and you will have corn to sell and to keep4 #cdej4 ,one to-day is worth two to-morrow4 #cdea4 ,have you somewhat to do to-morrow1 do it to-day4 #cdeb4 ,if you were a servant1 would you not be ashamed that a good master should catch you idle8 ,are you1 then1 your own master8 be ashamed to catch yourself idle4 #cdec4 ,the cat in gloves catches no mice4 #cded4 ,handle your tools without mittens4 #cdee4 ,light strokes fell great oaks4 #cdef4 ,by diligence and patience1 the mouse ate into the cable4 #cdeg4 ,employ thy time well1 if thou meanest to gain leisure2 and since thou art not sure of a minute1 throw not away an hour4 #cdeh4 ,a life of leisure and a life of laziness1 are two things4 #cdei4 ,troubles spring from idleness1 and grievous toils from needless ease4 #cdfj4 ,many would live by their wits1 without labor1 but they break for want of stock4 #cdfa4 ,industry gives comfort1 plenty1 and respect4 #cdfb4 ,fly pleasures1 and they'll follow you4 #cdfc4 ,now ,i have a sheep and a cow1 everybody bids me good-morrow4 #cdfd4 ,i never saw an oft-removed tree1 ,nor yet an oft-removed family1 ,that throve so well as one that settled be4 #cdfe4 ,three removes are as bad as a fire4 #cdff4 ,keep thy shop1 and thy shop will keep thee4 #cdfg4 ,if you would have your business done1 go2 if not1 send4 #cdfh4 ,he that by the plow would thrive1 ,himself must either hold or drive4 #cdfi4 ,the eye of the master will do more work than both his hands4 #cdgj4 ,want of care does us more damage than want of knowledge4 #cdga4 ,not to oversee workmen1 is to leave them your purse open4 #cdgb4 ,in the affairs of the world1 men are saved not by faith1 but for the want of it4 #cdgc4 ,learning is to the studious1 and riches to the careful1 as well as power to the bold1 and heaven to the virtuous4 #cdgd4 ,if you would have a faithful servant1 and one that you like1 serve yourself4 #cdge4 ,a little neglect may breed great mischief4 #cdgf4 ,for want of a nail the shoe was lost2 ,for want of a shoe the horse was lost2 ,for want of a horse the rider was lost-- ,being overtaken and slain by the enemy4 #cdgg4 ,if a man save not as he gets1 he may keep his nose to the grindstone all his life1 and die not worth a groat4 #cdgh4 ,a fat kitchen makes a lean will4 #cdgi4 ,many estates are spent in the getting1 ,since women for tea1 forsook spinning and knitting ,and men for punch1 forsook hewing and splitting4 #cdhj4 ,the ,indies did not make ,spain rich1 because her outgoes were greater than her incomes4 #cdha4 ,women and wine1 game and deceit1 ,make the wealth small1 and the want great4 #cdhb4 ,what maintains one vice would bring up two children4 #cdhc4 ,many a little makes a mickle4 #cdhd4 ,beware of little expenses2 a small leak will sink a great ship4 #cdhe4 ,who dainties love1 shall beggars prove4 #cdhf4 ,fools make feasts1 and wise men eat them4 #cdhg4 ,buy what thou dost not need1 and ere long thou shalt sell thy necessaries4 #cdhh4 ,at a great bargain pause awhile4 #cdhi4 ,many have been ruined by good bargains4 #cdij4 ,it is foolish to lay out money in the purchase of repentance4 #cdia4 ,wise men learn by other's harms1 fools scarcely by their own4 #cdib4 ,silks and satins1 scarlet and velvets1 put out the kitchen fire4 #cdic4 ,for one poor person1 there are a hundred indigent4 #cdid4 ,a plowman on his legs1 is higher than a gentleman on his knees4 #cdie4 ,always taking out of the meal-tub1 and never putting in1 soon comes to the bottom4 #cdif4 ,when the well is dry we know the worth of water4 #cdig4 ,if you would know the value of money1 try to borrow4 #cdih4 ,he that goes a-borrowing1 goes a-sorrowing4 #cdii4 ,fond pride of dress is sure a very curse2 ,ere fancy you consult1 consult your purse4 #cejj4 ,pride is as loud a beggar as ,want1 and a great deal more saucy4 #ceja4 ,it is easier to suppress the first desire than to satisfy all that follow it4 #cejb4 ,vessels large may venture more1 ,but little boats should keep the shore4 #cejc4 ,pride that shines on vanity sups on contempt4 #cejd4 ,pride breakfasted with ,plenty1 dined with ,poverty1 and supped with ,infamy4 #ceje4 ,what is a butterfly8 ,at best ,he's but a caterpillar dress'd2 ,the gaudy fop's his picture just4 #cejf4 ,the second vice is lying2 the first is running in debt4 #cejg4 ,lying rides upon debt's back4 #cejh4 ,it is hard for an empty bag to stand upright4 #ceji4 ,creditors have better memories than debtors4 #ceaj4 ,creditors are a superstitious sect1 great observers of set days and times4 #ceaa4 ,those have a short ,lent who owe money to be paid at ,easter4 #ceab4 ,the borrower is a slave to the lender1 and the debtor to the creditor4 #ceac4 ,for age and want save while you may1 ,no morning sun lasts a whole day4 #cead4 ,it is easier to build two chimneys than to keep one in fuel4 #ceae4 ,rather go supperless to bed than rise in debt4 #ceaf4 ,get what you can1 and what you get hold2 ',tis the stone that will turn all your lead into gold4 #ceag4 ,experience keeps a dear school2 but fools will learn in no other1 and scarce in that2 for we may give advice1 but we cannot give conduct4 #ceah4 ,they that will not be counseled cannot be helped4 #ceai4 ,if you will not reason1 she will surely rap their knuckles4 #cebj4 ,distrust and caution are the parents of security4 #ceba4 ,after feasts made1 the maker shakes his head4 #cebb4 ,there is neither honor nor gain got in dealing with a villain4 #cebc4 ,visits should be like a winter's day1 short4 #cebd4 ,a house without woman and firelight1 ,is like a body without soul or sprite4 #cebe4 ,light purse1 heavy heart4 #cebf4 ,ne'er take a wife till thou hast a house 7and a fire7 to put her in4 #cebg4 ,hunger never saw bad bread4 #cebh4 ,great talkers1 little doers4 #cebi4 ,a rich rogue is like a fat hog2 ,he does no good till as dead as a log4 #cecj4 ,relation without friendship1 friendship without power1 power without will1 will without effect1 effect without profit1 and profit without virtue1 are not worth a farthing4 #ceca4 ,he has changed his one-eyed horse for a blind one4 #cecb4 ,to lengthen thy life1 lessen thy meals4 #cecc4 ,tongue double1 brings trouble4 #cecd4 ,he's the best physician that knows the worthlessness of most medicines4 ,,part ,,xii4 ,,the ,,family ,,at ,,home4 ,a ,good ,table--,bread1 etc4--,meats--,vegetables--,household ,management--,beverages--,useful ,receipts1 etc4--,maxims1 ,dietetic and ,moral--,tool-,chests--,dressmaking1 etc4--,pets--,swimming--,riding--,amusem ents--,children--,letter-,writing --,debt--,flowers--,time--,air--,laws--, phrenology--,historical--,words of ,washington4 #cece4 ,a good table is necessary to health and domestic comfort4 #cecf4 ,nearly every family in our ,republic has1 or might have1 the means of living very comfortably2 if nothing was wasted1 and all food was properly cooked1 good tables would abound4 #cecg4 ,in my ,new ,cook ,book these subjects are so fully treated that little can be added4 #cech4 ,still a few ,choice ,receipts on ,cookery will be found in this volume1 at page #cai and on4 ,i shall add such other directions in this chapter as seem necessary to complete the system3 and first of the staff of life--bread4 #ceci4 ,bread4--,to make good bread1 or to understand the process of making it1 is the duty of every woman2 indeed1 an art that should never be neglected in the education of a ,,lady4 #cedj4 ,the ,lady derives her title from dividing or distributing bread3 the more perfect the bread the more noble the lady4 #ceda4 ,in ,mrs4 ,hale's ,new ,cook ,book1 and in the following directions1 the art is made plain2 and the process may1 by practice1 be easily acquired4 #cedb4 ,proportions of ,nutriment in articles of ,food4--,see ,mrs4 ,hale's ,new ,cook ,book--,introductory1 etc4 #cedc4 ,bread contains eighty nutritious parts in one hundred2 meal thirty-four in one hundred2 ,french beans1 ninety-two in one hundred2 common beans1 eighty-nine in one hundred2 peas1 ninety-three in one hundred2 lentils1 ninety-four in one hundred2 cabbages and turnips1 the most aqueous of all the vegetables compared1 produce only eight pounds of solid matter in one hundred pounds2 carrots and spinach produce fourteen in the same quantity2 while one hundred pounds of potatoes contain twenty-five pounds of dry substance4 #cedd4 ,from a general estimate it results1 that one pound of good bread is equal to two pounds and a half or three pounds of potatoes2 that seventy-five pounds of bread and thirty of meat may be substituted for three hundred pounds of potatoes4 #cede4 ,the other substances bear the following proportions3 four parts of cabbage to one of potatoes2 three parts of turnips to one of potatoes2 two parts of carrots and spinach to one of potatoes2 and about three parts and a half of potatoes to one of rice1 lentils1 beans1 ,french beans1 and dry peas4 #cedf4 ,to test flour1 people in the trade generally knead a small quantity by way of experiment2 if good1 the flour immediately forms an adhesive elastic paste1 which will readily assume any form that may be given to it1 without danger of breaking4 #cedg4 ,pure and unadulterated flour may likewise be easily distinguished by other methods3 seize a handful briskly1 and squeeze it half a minute2 it preserves the form of the cavity of the hand in one piece1 although it may be rudely placed on the table2 not so that which contains foreign substances1 it breaks in pieces more or less2 that mixed with whiting being the most adhesive1 but still dividing and falling down in a little time4 #cedh4 ,indian ,bread4--,one quart of buttermilk1 one quart of ,indian-meal1 one quart of coarse flour1 one cup of molasses2 add a little soda and salt4 #cedi4 ,bread making is an art1 the importance of which is too frequently overlooked or underrated4 ,heavy1 sour1 hard bread should never be tolerated1 because good bread is more palatable1 more healthy1 and it should be borne in mind1 is really much less expensive4 ,there is great saving in baking bread at home1 and this saving is greatest when flour is cheapest4 #ceej4 ,good flour and good yeast are requisites1 but the goodness of the bread depends much on the kneading3 the more the dough is turned and pressed and worked1 the lighter and better the bread will be4 #ceea4 ,proportions4--,two gallons flour1 half pint strong fresh yeast2 if home-made1 add more4 #ceeb4 ,the ,process4--,make a hole in the flour1 in which pour the yeast mixed with half a pint warm water4 ,stir in the flour round the edge of this liquid with a spoon to form a thin batter4 ,after stirring it well for two minutes1 sprinkle a handful of flour over the top of this batter1 lay a warm cloth over it1 and set it to rise in a warm place4 ,when it rises so as to crack on the top add four spoonsful fine salt1 and begin to form the mass into dough1 pouring as much soft1 lukewarm water as is necessary to make the flour mix with the batter4 ,when the flour and batter are thoroughly mixed1 knead and work the whole till it is light and stiff4 ,roll into a lump1 sprinkle dry flour over it1 cover and put into a warm place1 when in half an hour it will rise enough for baking4 ,see ,mrs4 ,hale's ,cook ,book1 page #cge4 ,the quality depends much on the time of putting the dough in the oven4 ,dough readily runs into three stages of fermentation4 ,it should be put in the oven during the first or saccharine1 when if sufficiently baked it will be sweet and wholesome4 ,it afterward becomes sour and heavy4 ,if put in too soon1 it will be light and as tasteless as saw-dust4 #ceec4 ,good bread is marked by fine pores and a sort of network of uniform appearance4 #ceed4 ,keep bread wrapped in a coarse towel1 and where it will not dry up1 or in a tight box4 #ceee4 ,if sour1 from being mixed over night1 melt a teaspoon of pearlash in a little milk-warm water1 sprinkle it over the dough1 and in half an hour knead it again4 #ceef4 ,frozen dough is spoiled4 #ceeg4 ,indian is a good addition to wheat1 and requires more water1 or make mush of it and then mix in4 #ceeh4 ,the bitterness of yeast may be remedied by putting in a little charcoal and then straining it4 #ceei4 ,rye and ,indian ,bread4--,mix two quarts of each with three pints boiling milk1 table-spoon salt1 and stir well4 ,let it stand till lukewarm1 then stir in half pint good yeast4 ,knead to a stiff dough and put to rise near the fire4 ,when the top is cracked over1 make into two loaves and bake moderate two and a half hours4 #cefj4 ,common ,yeast4--,boil a large handful hops in two quarts of water twenty minutes4 ,strain and pour the liquid into three pints flour4 ,stir in half a pint strong yeast4 ,its strength is increased by five tea-spoons brown sugar or five large spoons molasses4 ,cork the bottles loose till next day1 and then tight4 #cefa4 ,if turning sour put tea-spoon pearlash in each bottle4 #cefb4 ,another4--,boil1 peel and mash mealy potatoes1 which reduce with water or ale as thin as common yeast4 ,to every pound add two ounces coarse sugar1 and when just warm stir in two spoons of yeast4 ,keep warm till fermentation is over and in twenty-four hours fit for use4 ,let sponge eight hours before baking4 #cefc4 ,yeast4--,boil one pound of good flour1 a quarter of a pound of brown sugar1 and a little salt1 in two gallons of water for one hour4 ,when milk-warm1 bottle it close2 it will be fit to use in twenty-four hours4 ,one pint of this will make eighteen pounds of bread4 #cefd4 ,pulled ,bread4--,take from the oven an ordinary loaf when it is about half baked1 and with the fingers1 while the bread is yet hot1 dexterously pull the half-set dough into pieces of irregular shape1 about the size of an egg4 ,don't attempt to smooth or flatten them--the rougher their shapes the better4 #cefe4 ,set upon tins1 place in a very slow oven1 and bake to a rich brown4 ,this forms a deliciously crisp crust for cheese4 ,if you do not bake at home1 your baker will prepare it for you1 if ordered4 ,pulled bread may be made in the revolving ovens4 #ceff4 ,it is very nice with wine instead of biscuits4 #cefg4 ,a great increase on home-made bread1 even equal to one-fifth1 may be produced by using bran water for kneading the dough4 ,the proportion is three pounds of bran for every twenty-eight pounds of flour1 the bran to be boiled for an hour1 and then strained through a hair-sieve4 #cefh4 ,indian cake made with buttermilk1 or sour milk with a little cream or butter rubbed into the meal1 and a tea-spoonful of pearlash in the milk1 is very light and nutritious4 #cefi4 ,use of ,lime-water in making ,bread4--,it has lately been found that water saturated with lime produces in bread the same whiteness1 softness and capacity of retaining moisture1 as results from the use of alum2 while the former removes all acidity from the dough1 and supplies an ingredient needed in the structure of the bones1 but which is deficient in the cerealia4 #cegj4 ,the best proportion to use is1 five pounds of water saturated with lime1 to every nineteen pounds of flour4 ,no change is required in the process of baking4 #cega4 ,the lime most effectually coagulates the gluten1 and the bread weighs well2 bakers must therefore approve of its introduction1 which is not injurious to the system1 like alum1 c4 #cegb4 ,cheap ,bread4--,indian meal is the cheapest1 and a bushel furnishes more nutriment than the same quantity of wheat4 ,it is also a generally healthy diet1 and those who wish to practice close economy should use much of this meal in their families4 #cegc4 ,it makes excellent puddings and warm cakes1 which are much less apt to oppress the stomach than hot wheat bread or short cakes of any kind4 ,and good1 light1 nourishing bread may be made by using five parts of ,indian and one of rye or wheat flour1 7see receipts for ,rye and ,indian ,bread27 which is better than to cook it hot at every meal4 #cegd4 ,remember that four loaves of cold bread will go as far in a family as five loaves of hot bread4 #cege4 ,excellent paste for fruit or meat pies may be made with two-thirds of wheat flour1 one-third of the flour of boiled potatoes1 and some butter or dripping2 the whole being brought to a proper consistence with warm water1 and a small quantity of yeast added when lightness is desired4 ,this will also make very pleasant cakes for breakfast1 and may be made with or without spices1 fruit1 c4 #cegf4 ,picnic ,biscuits4--,take two ounces of fresh butter1 and well work it with a pound of flour4 ,mix thoroughly with it half a salt-spoonful of pure carbonate of soda2 two ounces of sugar2 mingle thoroughly with the flour2 make up the paste with spoonfuls of milk--it will require scarcely a quarter of a pint4 #cegg4 ,knead smooth1 roll a quarter of an inch thick1 cut in rounds about the size of the top of a small wine-glass2 roll these out thin1 prick them well1 lay them on lightly floured tins1 and bake in a gentle oven until crisp4 ,when cold put into dry canisters4 #cegh4 ,thin cream used instead of milk1 in the paste1 will enrich the biscuits4 ,caraway seeds or ginger can be added1 to vary these at pleasure4 #cegi4 ,rye and wheat flour1 half and half1 makes excellent household bread4 #cehj4 ,common ,black ,cake4--,beat separately the whites and yolks of three eggs4 ,mix half a pound of butter with one pound of flour2 one tumbler of milk2 one tumbler of molasses2 one pound of sugar4 ,then put in the eggs and one and one-half teaspoonful of soda4 ,wine1 currants1 raisins and citron to your taste4 #ceha4 ,maize ,cake4--,take six eggs1 a paper of ,oswego corn starch1 one pound of loaf sugar1 half pound of butter1 half teacup of milk1 half a teaspoon of soda1 one teaspoon of cream of tartar1 the grated rind of the lemon2 dissolve the soda in half the milk1 and add it the last thing4 ,bake in an oven as quick as you can make it1 without burning4 #cehb4 ,it is a very delicate cake to bake well4 ,use flat pans1 a little deeper than ,spanish bun pans1 and put paper over the top4 #cehc4 ,composition ,cake4--,take three pounds of flour1 half pound of butter1 one and three-quarter pounds of sugar1 three eggs--beat the eggs--add half a pint of yeast to them1 half a pint of new milk1 three spoonsful of rose-water1 and a little cinnamon and cloves2 put the butter in the flour and half the sugar1 the other half mix with the eggs2 make a hole in the flour1 pour the ingredients into it2 set it to lighten in the morning by the fire2 after it is made out into rolls1 you may put it into tins1 and set it before the fire for an hour or two2 when sufficiently risen1 bake it in rather a slow oven4 #cehd4 ,ginger ,biscuits and ,cakes4--,work into small crumbs three ounces of butter1 two pounds of flour2 add three ounces of powdered sugar and two of ginger1 in fine powder2 knead into a stiff paste1 with new milk1 roll thin1 cut out with a cutter2 bake in a slow oven until crisp through2 keep of a pale color4 #cehe4 ,additional sugar may be used when sweeter biscuit is desired4 ,for good ginger-cakes1 butter six ounces1 sugar eight1 for each pound of flour2 wet the ingredients into a paste with eggs2 a little lemon-grate will give an agreeable flavor4 #cehf4 ,loaf-cake4--,six pounds of flour1 three and one-half pounds of butter1 three and one-half pounds of sugar1 three pints of milk1 six eggs1 four pounds of fruit1 one-half pint of yeast1 three gills of wine1 four nutmegs1 and one and one-quarter ounce of mace citron4 ,stir butter and sugar to a froth2 boil the milk1 and turn in the wine2 put the curds and whey warm1 but not hot1 into the flour2 then add the eggs and yeast1 and only one-third of the beaten butter and sugar2 let it rise until very light1 and then add the remainder of the butter and sugar1 and let it rise again2 when light1 put in the spices1 fruit1 c41 bake it in a not very hot oven4 ,another receipt leaves out one-half pound of butter and also one-half pound of sugar to the same quantity of flour1 fruit1 eggs1 c4 #cehg4 ,sponge-,cake4--,take three-quarters of a pound of white sugar1 and pour one-half tumbler of cold water into it1 and set it over the fire until it boils clear2 beat up seven eggs1 the whites and yolks separately1 and1 after the sugar and water has cooled1 add the yolks1 stirring them well2 flavor it with the peel of a lemon1 and half the juice of the same2 add the whites of the eggs1 and then sift in one half pound of flour4 ,this cake has the advantage of remaining moist and spirited1 longer than other sponge-cake4 #cehh4 ,a ,cheap and ,quick ,pudding4--,beat up four eggs1 add a pint of milk and a little salt1 and stir in four large spoonsful of flour1 a little nutmeg and sugar to your taste4 ,beat it well1 and pour it into buttered teacups1 filling them rather more than half full4 ,they will bake in a stove or ,dutch oven in fifteen minutes2 and if you have company to dinner1 and wish to add a little dish1 this is a good and cheap one4 #cehi4 ,sago and ,apple ,pudding 7very nice74--,let half a pound of sago steep in water enough to cover it until dissolved4 ,this will take about half an hour4 ,pare and core eight nice apples without cutting them apart4 ,fill the middle with sugar1 putting in each a little cinnamon4 ,arrange the apples in a pudding-dish1 and pour over them the sago4 ,let it bake from one to two hours4 ,this is equally as nice1 although it does not look so well1 if the apples are cut in quarters instead of being left whole1 and the sugar and cinnamon sprinkled over them4 ,it is good either cold or hot4 #ceij4 ,pea ,pudding4--,dry a pint or quart of split peas thoroughly before the fire2 then tie them up loosely in a cloth1 put them into warm water1 boil them a couple of hours1 or more1 until quite tender2 take them up1 beat them well in a dish with a little salt 7some add the yolk of an egg7 and a bit of butter4 ,make it quite smooth1 tie it up again in a cloth1 and boil it an hour longer4 ,this is highly nourishing4 #ceia4 ,calves' ,feet ,jelly4--,boil four feet in four gallons of water till it comes to half a gallon2 strain it1 let it stand till cold1 and skim off all the fat clean4 ,take the jelly up1 leaving the settlings at the bottom4 ,put your jelly into a clean saucepan or skillet1 and to every quart of jelly add one pint of wine1 half pound of loaf-sugar beaten1 the juice of a large lemon2 beat up the whites of three eggs to a froth--put all in together--stir well till it boils1 let it boil a few minutes1 have ready a double flannel bag1 pour it in again till it runs clear2 have a china bowl with lemon-peel cut as thin as possible1 let the jelly drip on the peel and it will give it a flavor1 and a fine amber color2 with a clean silver spoon fill your glasses4--7,see ,mrs4 ,hale's ,cook ,book1 p4 #cbd47 #ceib4 ,calves' ,feet ,jelly made with ,gelatine4--,take three quarts of water1 one pint of white wine1 six table-spoonsful of brandy2 six lemons1 peel and all2 six eggs1 the whites slightly beaten1 the shells crushed1 and the yolks not used2 three pounds of white sugar1 four ounces of gelatine4 ,soak for half an hour the gelatine in one quart of the water4 ,mix the other ingredients in the other two quarts4 ,put all together1 and let them boil twenty minutes without stirring4 ,strain it through a flannel bag without squeezing4 ,wet the mould in cold water4 ,pour the jelly in1 and leave it to cool4 ,three hours is generally sufficient4 #ceic4 ,meats4--,a few hints1 or general rules will be given here4 7,see ,mrs4 ,hale's ,new ,cook ,book for ,receipts1 c47 #ceid4 ,animal food4--,the quantity of animal food required to sustain the constitution1 in its most perfect state1 is greatest in the coldest countries1 and1 decreasing according to the warmth of the climate1 when we reach the torrid zone1 but a small quantity is needed4 #ceie4 ,in temperate climates1 like our own1 the largest quantity is required during the winter4 #ceif4 ,none should use it freely during the hottest weather1 except it be those who labor hard in the open air2 it rarely appears to injure such1 yet probably it would be best for them to eat less meat and more bread and vegetables during summer4 ,they would not then suffer so much from thirst1 which often induces the desire for stimulating liquids4 #ceig4 ,as a general rule1 animal food is more easily and speedily digested than vegetable food of any kind--and this it is which makes meats more heating and stimulating4 #ceih4 ,the great essentials for the easy digestion of animal food are that the fibres be tender and fine grained4 #ceii4 ,of the different sorts of butcher meat1 ,pork is that of which the least quantity should be taken at a time4 ,it requires longer to digest roasted pork than any other kind of meat4 #cfjj4 ,beef agrees well with most constitutions2 it is cheapest in the autumn1 but best in the winter season4 ,many have a distaste to mutton2 but for those who relish it1 it is a nutritious food1 and easy of digestion4 #cfja4 ,lamb1 veal1 and fowls are delicate and healthy diet for the young and sedentary2 and for all who find fat meats and those of coarse fibre do not agree with them4 #cfjb4 ,the most economical way of cooking meat is to boil it1 if the liquid be used for soup or broth1 as it always ought to be4 #cfjc4 ,baking is one of the cheapest ways of dressing a dinner in small families1 and several kinds of meat are excellent done in this way4 #cfjd4 ,legs and loins of pork1 legs of mutton1 and fillets of veal will bake to much advantage2 especially if they be fat4 #cfje4 ,never bake a lean1 thin piece1 it will all shrivel away4 ,such pieces should always be boiled or made into soup4 #cfjf4 ,pigs1 geese1 and the buttock of beef are all excellent baked4 #cfjg4 ,meat always loses in weight by being cooked4--,in roasting1 the loss is the greatest4 ,it also costs more in fuel to roast than to boil--still there are many pieces of meat which seem made for roasting2 and it would be almost wrong to cook them in any other way4 #cfjh4 ,the other pieces of the animal are best salted and boiled2 or if used fresh1 stewed or in soups4 ,beef should rarely be fried4 #cfji4 ,roasting beef4--,ten pounds of beef require from two hours to two hours and a-half roasting1 eighteen inches from a good clear fire4 #cfaj4 ,six pounds require one hour and a-quarter to one hour and a-half1 fourteen inches from a good clear fire4 #cfaa4 ,three ribs of beef1 boned and rolled1 tied round with paper1 will require two hours and a-half1 eighteen inches from the fire2 baste once only4 #cfab4 ,the first three ribs of fifteen or twenty pounds1 will take three hours or three and a-half2 the fourth and fifth ribs will take as long1 managed in the same way as the sirloin4 ,paper the fat and the thin part1 or it will be done too much before the thick part is done enough4 #cfac4 ,when beef is very fat1 it does not require basting2 if very lean tie it up in buttered paper1 and baste frequently and well4 #cfad4 ,common cooks are generally fond of too fierce a fire1 and of putting things too near to it4 #cfae4 ,slow roasting is as advantageous to the tenderness and flavor of meat as slow boiling4 #cfaf4 ,the warmer the weather1 and the staler killed the meat is1 the less time it will require to roast it4 #cfag4 ,meat that is very fat requires more time than other meat4 #cfah4 ,cooking meats4--,the proper manner of preparation is1 to cook it till it is entirely separated from the blood1 and the fibres are rendered soft and easy of digestion4 #cfai4 ,lamb is a delicate and tender meat2 but it requires to be kept a few days1 when the weather will permit--and should be thoroughly cooked to be healthful4 ,never take lamb or veal from the spit till the gravy that drops is white4 #cfbj4 ,preserving meats4--,salt is the grand preservative of meats2 but in using these1 care should be taken to soak them if too salt4 ,it is not healthy to eat our food very salt4 #cfba4 ,in the summer season1 particular attention must be observed1 lest fresh meat be injured4 ,in the country this care is very necessary4 #cfbb4 ,be sure to take the kernels out of a round of beef2 one in the udder1 in the fat1 and those about the thick end of the flank4 #cfbc4 ,to salt the meat thoroughly1 rub in the salt evenly into every part1 and fill the holes where the kernels were taken out4 #cfbd4 ,a pound and a-half of salt will be sufficient for twenty-five pounds of beef1 if you only want to corn it to be eaten in a few days4 #cfbe4 ,in the summer1 the sooner meat is salted1 after it is cool1 the better4 ,in winter1 it is better to be kept a few days before salting4 #cfbf4 ,pork ought not to be allowed to freeze before it is salted for family use4 #cfbg4 ,if you wish beef to look red1 rub it first with saltpetre and sugar2 half an ounce of each mixed together1 is sufficient for twenty pounds of meat4 #cfbh4 ,poultry4--,no kind of animal food is so delicate and delicious as the flesh of fowls and birds1 and no kind is so generally healthful4 ,rarely does it disagree with those who are well2 even the feeble in constitution1 or those debilitated by sickness1 find this a most agreeable and nutritious diet4 #cfbi4 ,the white meat of a young turkey1 when well boiled1 is easier of digestion than that of any other fowl4 #cfcj4 ,in a young turkey1 the toes and bill are soft4 #cfca4 ,a young goose 7a very old one is not fit to be eaten7 is plump in the breast1 and the fat white and soft--the feet yellow1 the web of the foot thin and tender4 #cfcb4 ,ducks1 if young1 feel very tender under the wing1 and the web of the foot is transparent4 #cfcc4 ,the best fowls have yellow legs--if very old1 the feet look stiff and worn4 #cfcd4 ,pigeons should be quite fresh1 the breast plump and fat4 #cfce4 ,poultry should lie one night after being killed in warm weather to make it tender2 in cold weather it may be kept a much longer time to advantage4 #cfcf4 ,take care of the liquor you have boiled poultry or meat in2 in five minutes you may make it into soup4 #cfcg4 ,the good housewife never boils a joint without converting the broth into some sort of soup4 #cfch4 ,if the liquor be too salt1 only use half the quantity1 and the rest water2 wash salted meat well with cold water before you put it into the boiler4 #cfci4 ,fish is much less nutritious than flesh4 ,the white kinds of fish1 cod1 haddock1 flounders1 white fish1 c41 are the least nutritious2 the oily kinds1 salmon1 eels1 herrings1 c41 are more difficult to digest4 #cfdj4 ,shell-fish have long held a high rank as restorative food2 but a well-dressed chop or steak is much better to recruit the strength and spirits4 #cfda4 ,hashes4--,all the pieces and bits of cold meat should be minced and warmed2 if this is rightly done1 the dish is generally a favorite one4 #cfdb4 ,it is best to chop the meat very fine1 7gristles and gelatinous matter from the bones may be included27 then make a gravy by putting a lump of butter 7what you judge necessary7 into a stewpan2 when it is hot1 add a little flour1 and stir it into the butter2 then add a teacupful of the broth the meat was boiled in1 and a little catsup4 ,let this boil up1 then put in the mince meat1 with a little chopped parsley1 pepper and salt4 #cfdc4 ,let it stand and simmer a few minutes covered1 but do not let it boil--it hardens the meat to boil it4 ,lay slices of toasted bread in the dish1 and pour the meat and gravy over4 #cfdd4 ,meat may be kept several days in the height of summer1 sweet and good1 by lightly covering it with bran1 and hanging it in some high or windy room1 or in a passage where there is a current of air4 ,,vegetables4 #cfde4 ,the importance of using a portion of vegetable food can hardly be overrated1 though to make this our only diet does and must prove injurious1 because contrary to man's nature and the arrangements of the ,creator4 #cfdf4 ,the farinaceous 7or mealy7 are far more nutritious than other vegetables2 but none are sufficiently so to sustain the constitution under the cares and labors necessary to the full development of the energies of body and mind4 #cfdg4 ,and unless these can be developed and sustained1 the rational and moral character of the human race will never be perfected4 #cfdh4 ,still1 though animal food is never1 except in peculiar cases of disease1 to be wholly abandoned1 we must be quite as scrupulous not to neglect the vegetable part of our diet4 ,this is necessary in order to prevent the concentrated diet of flesh from too sudden and stimulating action4 #cfdi4 ,besides1 our nature demands a portion of vegetables to keep the system in proper and healthy order4 ,a mixed diet is the only right regimen--the proportions of the different kinds of food vary1 with different ages and constitutions1 in different climates and seasons2 still1 in some degree1 this rule should never be abandoned4 #cfej4 ,the very young require a large portion of mild farinaceous vegetables1 such as rice1 sago1 tapioca1 and potatoes2 the two first are very easy of digestion4 #cfea4 ,there are three things to be attended to in cooking vegetables2 make them sufficiently soft1 develop their best flavor1 and correct any rank or disagreeable taste they may have4 #cfeb4 ,these things are very easily accomplished--boil them sufficiently2 change the water if they are rank or unpleasant1 and add a little salt1 sugar or spice1 as the case may require4 #cfec4 ,vegetables are always best when newly gathered1 except the potato2 that is better in winter1 if well kept4 #cfed4 ,they are in greatest perfection when in greatest plenty2 that is1 in their proper season4 #cfee4 ,except spinach1 all vegetables should be boiled quickly 7soft water is much the best7 in an open vessel1 and carefully skimmed4 #cfef4 ,to ,clear ,vegetables of ,insects4--,make a strong brine of one pound and a half of salt to one gallon of water1 into this place the vegetables with the stalk ends uppermost1 for two or three hours2 this will destroy all the insects which cluster in the leaves1 and they will fall out and sink to the bottom of the water4 #cfeg4 ,potatoes4--,there are few articles in families more subject to waste1 both in paring1 boiling1 and being actually thrown away1 than potatoes2 and there are few cooks but what boil twice as many potatoes every day as are wanted2 and fewer still that do not throw the residue away as totally unfit in any shape for the next day's meal4 #cfeh4 ,yet if they would take the trouble to beat up the despised cold potatoes with an equal quantity of flour1 they would find them produce a much lighter dumpling or pudding than they can make with flour alone2 and by the aid of a few spoonfuls of good gravy1 they will provide a cheap and agreeable appendage to the dinner table4 #cfei4 ,bad ,butter may be improved greatly by dissolving it thoroughly in hot water2 let it cool1 then skim it off1 and churn again1 adding a little good salt and sugar4 ,a small quantity can be tried and approved before doing a larger one4 ,the water should be merely hot enough to melt the butter or it will become oily4--7,see ,mrs4 ,hale's ,cook ,book47 #cffj4 ,dinners4--,the appearance a dinner-table presents does not depend so much upon a profuseness of viands1 as upon the neatness1 cleanliness1 and well-studied arrangement of the whole4 ,taste1 if well directed1 may produce a handsome dinner2 whereas three times the amount of money may be expended upon another1 and yet not make even a respectable appearance4 ,,household ,,management4 #cffa4 ,have you ever observed what a dislike servants have to any thing cheap4 ,they hate saving their master's money4 ,i tried this experiment with great success the other day4 #cffb4 ,finding we consumed a vast deal of soap1 ,i sat down in my thinking chair1 and took the soap question into consideration1 and found reason to suspect we were using a very expensive article1 where a much cheaper one would serve the purpose better4 #cffc4 ,i ordered half a dozen pounds of both sorts1 but took the precaution of changing the papers on which the prices were marked before giving them into the hands of ,betty4 #cffd4 ,well1 ,betty1 which soap do you find washes best8 #cffe4 ,oh1 please sir1 the dearest1 in the blue paper2 it makes a lather as well again as the other4 #cfff4 ,well1 ,betty1 you shall always have it then4 ,and thus the unsuspecting ,betty saved me some pounds a-year1 and washed the clothes better4--,rev4 ,sidney ,smith4 #cffg4 ,receipt for ,obtaining ,good ,servants4--,let them observe in your conduct to others just the qualities and virtues that you would desire they should possess and practice as respects you4 ,be uniformly kind and gentle4 #cffh4 ,if you reprove1 do so with reason and with temper4 #cffi4 ,be respectable1 and you will be respected by them4 ,be kind1 and you will meet kindness from them4 #cfgj4 ,consider their interests1 and they will consider yours4 ,a friend in a servant is no contemptible thing4 #cfga4 ,be to every servant a friend2 and heartless1 indeed1 will be the servant who does not warm in love to you4 #cfgb4 ,four important rules3 #cfgc4 #a4 ,a suitable place for everything1 and every thing in its place4 #cfgd4 #b4 ,a proper time for every thing1 and every thing done in its time4 #cfge4 #c4 ,a distinct name for every thing1 and every thing called by its name4 #cfgf4 #d4 ,a certain use for every thing1 and every thing put to its use4 #cfgg4 ,oil-cloth should never be scrubbed with a brush1 but after being first swept1 it should be cleansed by washing with a large soft cloth and lukewarm or cold water4 ,on no account use soap or hot water1 as either will bring off the paint4 #cfgh4 ,straw ,matting may be cleaned with a large coarse cloth dipped in salt and water1 and then wiped dry3 the salt prevents the matting from turning yellow4 #cfgi4 ,oil ,paintings hung over the mantle-piece are liable to wrinkle with the heat4 #cfhj4 ,ottomans and ,sofas1 whether covered with cloth1 damask1 or chintz1 will look much the better for being cleaned occasionally with bran and flannel4 #cfha4 ,furniture made in the winter1 and brought from a cold warehouse into a warm apartment1 is very liable to crack4 #cfhb4 ,rosewood furniture should be rubbed gently every day with a clean soft cloth1 to keep it in order4 ,,beverages4 #cfhc4 ,water1 pure1 sweet1 cool water is1 undoubtedly1 the most healthful drink for thirst4 #cfhd4 ,bad water should be filtered4--7,see pages #db1 #dc47 #cfhe4 ,tea and coffee are the best and least hurtful stimulants4 #cfhf4 ,liebig1 with his chemical discoveries1 demonstrates that they have become necessaries of life to all nations2 that they were both originally met with amongst nations whose diet is chiefly vegetable2 and by contributing to the formation of bile1 their peculiar functions have become a substitute for animal food to a large class of the population whose consumption of meat is very limited1 and to another large class who are unable to take regular exercise4 #cfhg4 ,in making coffee1 observe that the broader the bottom and the smaller the top of the vessel1 the better it will be4 #cfhh4 ,substitute for ,cream in ,tea or ,coffee4--,beat the white of an egg to a froth1 put to it a very small lump of butter1 and mix well4 ,then turn into it gradually1 so that it may not curdle4 ,if perfectly done1 it will be an excellent substitute for cream4--7,see page #ceb47 #cfhi4 ,iceland ,moss ,chocolate--,for the ,sick ,room4--,iceland moss has been in the highest repute on the continent as a most efficacious remedy in incipient pulmonary complaints2 combined with chocolate it will be found a nutritious article of diet1 and may be taken as a morning and evening beverage4 ,directions--,mix a teaspoonful of the chocolate with a tea-spoonful of boiling water or milk1 stirring constantly until it is completely dissolved4 #cfij4 ,it is not easy to persuade laboring men that water is the best beverage4 ,where the water is bad1 some corrective or palliative will be had4 ,then home-brewed beer is to be commended4 #cfia4 ,beer and ,beverages4--7,see ,mrs4 ,hale's ,new ,cook ,book1 page #cig47 #cfib4 ,to restore a ,barrel of ,stale or ,sour ,beer4--,put a quarter of a pound of good hops1 and two pounds of sound chalk into the bung-hole1 stop it close1 and in a few days it will be fit for use4 #cfic4 ,or1 a small teaspoonful of carbonate of soda may be mixed with each quart as it is used4 #cfid4 ,to give ,new ,beer the flavor of ,old4--,take out the bung1 and put into the cask a handful of pickled cucumbers1 or a sliced ,seville orange4 ,either mode will add an apparent six months to the age of the beer4 #cfie4 ,common ,beer4--,two gallons of water1 a large handful of hops1 fresh gathered spruce or sweet fern1 and one quart of wheat bran2 boil two or three hours1 strain and stir in1 while hot1 two cups of molasses4 ,when lukewarm1 pour into a clean barrel1 and add a pint of yeast4 ,shake it well together1 and use next day4 #cfif4 ,to give ,beer a rich ,flavor4--,put six sea-biscuits into a bag of hops1 and put them in the cask4 #cfig4 ,table ,beer1 cheap and wholesome4--,eight bottles of water1 one quart of molasses1 one pint of yeast1 one tablespoon of cream of tartar1 mixed and bottled in twenty-four hours4 #cfih4 ,table ,beer from ,sugar4--,to four pounds of coarse brown sugar add ten gallons of water and three ounces of hops4 ,let the whole boil three-quarters of an hour1 and then work it as usual4 ,it should stand a week or ten days before being drawn1 and will improve daily afterward for a moderate time4 #cfii4 ,treacle ,beer4--,take a pound and a half of hops1 and boil in thirty-six gallons of water for an hour1 then add fourteen pounds of treacle1 and a little yeast to work it2 ferment1 and bottle4 #cgjj4 ,summer ,drinks4--,ice may be used in all these beverages4 #cgja4 ,tamarind ,drink4--,boil three pints of water with an ounce and a half of tamarinds1 three ounces of currants1 and two ounces of stoned raisins1 till about a third has evaporated4 ,strain1 add a bit of lemon-peel1 which is to be removed in half an hour1 then cool4 #cgjb4 ,sangaree4--,mix a bottle of ,marsala wine with a bottle and a half of iced water1 sweeten with loaf sugar1 and flavor with lemon-juice and grated nutmeg4 #cgjc4 ,curds and ,whey 7cheap method74--,add six grains of citric acid to a wine-glassful of milk1 and the result will be a pleasant acidulous whey1 and a fine curd4 #cgjd4 ,currant ,water4--,take a pound of currants1 and squeeze into a quart of water2 put in four or five ounces of pounded sugar4 ,mix well1 strain1 and ice1 or allow to get cold4 #cgje4 ,eau ,sucr4--,dissolve sugar in boiling water1 and drink cold4 #cgjf4 ,lait ,sucr4--,boil a pint of milk1 sweeten with white sugar1 and flavor with lemon4 #cgjg4 ,effervescing ,lemonade4--,boil two pounds of white sugar with a pint of lemon-juice1 bottle and cork4 ,put a tablespoonful of the syrup into a tumbler about three parts full of cold water1 add twenty grains of carbonate of soda and drink quickly4 #cgjh4 ,quince ,syrup4--,grate quinces1 pass the pulp through a sieve1 then set before the fire for the juice to settle and clarify2 strain1 and add a pound of sugar 7boiled down7 to every four ounces of juice2 remove from the fire1 and when cold1 bottle for use4 ,a tablespoonful of this syrup will flavor a pint of water4 #cgji4 ,effervescing ,saline ,draughts4--,white sugar powdered eight ounces1 tartaric acid two ounces1 sesquicarbonate of soda two ounces1 essence of lemon a few drops4 ,mix well and keep in a corked bottle4 #cgaj4 ,summer ,champagne4--,to four parts of selter water add one of ,moselle wine 7or hock71 and put a teaspoonful of powdered sugar into a wine-glassful of this mixture2 an ebullition takes place1 and you have a sort of champagne which is more wholesome in hot weather than the genuine wine known by that name4 #cgaa4 ,an excellent ,spring ,beverage4--,the yolk of eggs beaten up1 lump sugar 7quantum sufficit71 ,rhenish wine or not1 citric acid1 powdered1 or tartaric acid 7small quantity1 exact quantity soon found72 one or two drops of essence of lemon on a lump of sugar1 to make it mix readily with the water2 one quart of water4 ,this is really an excellent1 agreeable1 and1 without the wine1 an inexpensive beverage4 ,good for bilious complaints4 ,,useful ,,receipts ,,for ,,family ,,practice4 #cgab4 ,prevention of ,baldness4--,eau de ,cologne two ounces1 tincture of cantharides two drachms1 oil of rosemary1 oil of nutmeg1 and oil of lavender1 each ten drops4 ,to be rubbed on the bald part of the head every night4 #cgac4 ,cramp in ,bathing4--,for the cure of the cramp when swimming1 ,dr4 ,franklin recommends a vigorous and violent shock to the part affected1 by suddenly and forcibly stretching out the leg1 which should be darted out of the water into the air if possible4 #cgad4 ,biting the ,nails4--,this is a habit that should be immediately corrected in children1 as1 if persisted in for any length of time1 it permanently deforms the nails4 #cgae4 ,dipping the finger-ends in some bitter tincture will generally prevent children from putting them to the mouth2 but if this fails1 as it sometimes will1 each finger-end ought to be encased in a finger-stall until the propensity is eradicated4 #cgaf4 ,flour of ,brimstone is a mild aperient in doses of about a quarter of an ounce2 it is best taken in milk4 #cgag4 ,to ,fill a ,decayed ,tooth4--,procure a small piece of gutta percha1 drop it into boiling water1 then1 with the thumb and finger1 take off as much as you suppose will fill up the tooth nearly level1 and while in this soft state press it into the tooth2 then hold on that side of the mouth cold water two or three times1 which will harden it4 #cgah4 ,cod-liver oil4--,cod-liver oil is neither more nor less than cod-oil clarified2 and consequently two-thirds of its medicinal qualities are abstracted thereby4 #cgai4 ,cod oil can be purchased pure at any wholesale oil warehouse1 at about one-thirtieth part of the price charged for the so-called cod-liver oil4 ,many persons who have used cod-oil pure as imported1 have found it to answer much better than the cod-liver oil purchased of a druggist4 #cgbj4 ,the best vehicle for taking cod-liver oil in1 is new milk2 and the disagreeable flavor of the drug can easily be covered by the addition of one drachm of orange peel to every eight ounces of the oil4 #cgba4 ,to prevent ,lockjaw1 from a ,nail run into the ,foot1 or any other injury4--,pour some turpentine into a tin cup and hold it over a lighted candle or the fire until it boils4 ,it boils at so low a temperature that it will not burn when applied to the skin4 ,make a swab by wrapping soft muslin or linen round a stick4 ,dip this in the turpentine and apply it to the wound1 rubbing it in carefully for some time4 ,apply it as warm as can be borne4--7,see page #cge47 #cgbb4 ,squinting4--,squinting frequently arises from the unequal strength of the eyes1 the weaker eye being turned away from the object1 to avoid the fatigue of exertion4 ,cases of squinting of long standing have often been cured by covering the stronger eye1 and thereby compelling the weaker one to exertion4 #cgbc4 ,it is often a question amongst people who are unacquainted with the anatomy and physiology of man1 whether lying with his head exalted1 or even with the body1 is most wholesome4 ,most1 consulting their own ease on this point1 argue in favor of that which they prefer4 #cgbd4 ,now1 although many delight in bolstering up their heads at night and sleep soundly without injury1 yet we declare it to be a dangerous habit4 ,the vessels through which blood passes from the heart to the head1 are always lessened in the cavities when the head is resting in bed higher than the body1 therefore1 in all diseases attended with fever1 the head should be pretty near on a level with the body2 and people ought to accustom themselves to sleep thus to avoid danger4 #cgbe4 ,dyeing the ,hair4--,it may be stated once for all that this practice is decidedly injurious4 ,it may fail altogether in producing the desired result2 it is never unattended by a certain amount of unpleasant circumstances1 and frequently with evil results4 #cgbf4 ,in the first place1 the alteration of the abnormal color1 so far as the general aspect of the face is concerned1 has an effect the very reverse of that which was intended4 ,every constituent part of man tends to make the human machine one harmonious whole4 ,the figure1 the stature1 the skin1 the hair1 the gait1 c4 #cgbg4 ,fair hair is associated with a sanguineous and lymphatic temperament1 a fine and white skin1 blue eyes1 and a soft and mild expression4 #cgbh4 ,black hair1 on the contrary1 is generally connected with a bilious habit of body1 a muscular and nervous temperament1 a dark and yellowish skin1 lively black eyes1 and a bold1 proud air4 #cgbi4 ,red hair is associated with a peculiar constitution1 although closely approaching to the fair type4 ,in this variety the skin is transparent1 fresh1 and presents a peculiar limpidity1 which belongs exclusively to the color of hair mentioned4 #cgcj4 ,the ,contrast4--,if1 then1 from the impression that red hair is a disfigurement1 it is dyed black1 what relation can exist between this new color and the soft blue eye1 and a skin so fine and so susceptible1 that the sun's rays seem to penetrate it1 in the form of those lentiginous spots commonly called freckles4 #cgca4 ,be at much pains to keep your children's feet dry and warm4 ,don't bury their bodies in heavy flannels and wools1 and leave their knees and legs naked4 #cgcb4 ,for ,nausea4--,three drops of hartshorn in a wine-glass of water4 #cgcc4 ,for ,sick ,headache4--,one teaspoonful of pulverized charcoal and one-third of a teaspoonful of soda mixed in very warm water4 #cgcd4 ,decoction of ,sarsaparilla4--,take four ounces of the root1 slice it down1 put the slices into four pints of water1 and simmer for four hours4 ,take out the sarsaparilla1 and beat it into a mash2 put it into the liquor again1 and boil down to two pints1 then strain and cool the liquor4 ,dose--a wine-glassful three times a day4 #cgce4 ,use--to purify the blood after a course of mercury2 or indeed whenever any taint is given to the constitution1 vitiating the blood1 and producing eruptive affections4 #cgcf4 ,cough ,syrup4--,steep for twelve hours or more a teacupful of wild-cherry bark in a quart of water4 ,add sugar enough to make it quite sweet and let it boil to a syrup4 #cgcg4 ,cough ,syrup--,very ,good4--,take a large handful of the herb hoarhound1 and the same quantity of boneset4 ,steep them in a quart of water till it is reduced to a pint4 ,then strain the tea and mix with it a pint of syrup and a pint of sugar4 ,let it simmer for three or four hours1 skimming it4 #cgch4 ,cure for ,pain in the ,ear4--,take a teaspoonful of brown sugar1 put it on a shovel or any thing that you can place over hot coals of fire until it gets thick1 dissolve it in camphor1 and drop it in the ear4 #cgci4 ,gingerbread ,aperients4--,gingerbread1 made with oatmeal or with barley flour1 is a very agreeable aperient for children4 ,beware of giving children medicines too frequently4 #cgdj4 ,for ,bowel ,complaints4--,one tablespoonful of flour1 one ditto of brandy1 one ditto of loaf sugar1 mixed together4 #cgda4 ,jaundice4--,one pennyworth of allspice1 ditto of flour of brimstone1 ditto of turmeric2 these to be well pounded together1 and afterward to be mixed with half-a-pound of molasses4 ,two table-spoonsful to be taken every day4 #cgdb4 ,night ,sweats4--,drink freely of cold sage tea2 said to be a certain remedy2 or1 take elixir of vitriol in a little sweetened water4 ,dose from twenty to thirty drops4 ,,miscellaneous ,,receipts1 ,,rules1 ,,etc4 #cgdc4 ,to ,cure a ,soft ,corn when between the ,toes4--,a small piece of cotton wool applied fresh every morning--gives no inconvenience1 is cleanly and efficacious4 ,castile ,soap placed between the toes is both cure and preventive of soft corns4 #cgdd4 ,excellent ,remedy for ,lumbago4--,dip a piece of flannel in scalding water2 wring it out1 and sprinkle some turpentine immediately over it1 and apply it quickly to the part affected by the pain4 ,repeat this process a few times1 and it will afford certain relief4 #cgde4 ,burns and ,scalds4--,cold water is the readiest1 surest1 most plentiful1 and1 for these reasons1 the best remedy for burns and scalds4 ,use it instantly1 it will remove pain and smarting2 keep a cloth wet and cold upon the affected part for five or six hours after the injury has occurred2 a blister will never rise1 and the skin will be quite free from pain afterward4--7,see #aji1 #aaj47 #cgdf4 ,scratches4--,trifling as scratches often seem1 they ought never to be neglected1 but should be covered and protected1 and kept clean and dry1 until they have completely healed4 #cgdg4 ,if there is the least appearance of inflammation1 no time should be lost in applying a large bread and water poultice1 or hot flannels repeatedly applied4 #cgdh4 ,ringworm4--,the head to be washed twice a day with soft soap and warm soft water2 when dried1 the places to be rubbed with a piece of linen rag dipped in ammonia from gas tar2 the patient should take a little sulphur and molasses1 or some other general aperient1 every morning2 brushes and combs should be washed every day1 and the ammonia kept tightly corked4--7,see page #ii47 #cgdi4 ,another ,cure for ,ringworms4--,common sulphur mixed with butter and pepper till it is a salve3 apply twice a day4 #cgej4 ,invaluable ,ointment4--,obtain a pint of real cream1 let it simmer over the fire1 or on the side1 till it resembles butter1 and forms a thick oily substance1 which maybe used as ointment for fresh or old wounds1 cracked lips or hands4 #cgea4 ,to avoid catching ,cold4--,accustom yourself to the use of sponging with cold water every morning on first getting out of bed4 ,it should be followed with a good deal of rubbing with a wet towel4 ,it has considerable effect in giving tone to the skin1 and maintaining a proper action in it1 and thus proves a safeguard to the injurious influence of cold and sudden changes of temperature4 #cgeb4 ,friction of the body is one of the most gentle and salutary kinds of exercise1 cleaning the skin1 dispersing stagnating humors1 promoting perspiration1 strengthening the fibres1 and increasing the warmth and energy of the whole body4 #cgec4 ,depilatory4--,take of sulphate of sodium1 or hydro-sulphate of soda1 crystallized1 three parts2 quick-lime in powder1 ten ditto2 starch1 ten2 mix4 ,this powder1 mixed with a little water1 and applied over the skin1 acts so rapidly as a depilatory1 that if it be removed in a minute or two after its application by means of a wooden knife1 the surface of the skin will be entirely deprived of hair4 #cged4 ,by this process1 the removal of hair becomes so simple1 rapid1 and safe in operation1 that it will possibly supercede the use of the razor in many cases2 it is only after several days that the hair begins again to appear4 #cgee4 ,brandy and ,salt as a ,medicine4--,it is useful in the reduction of inflammation of fractured limbs or bruises1 the alleviation of incurable sores1 cure of ringworms1 headache1 toothache1 inflammation in the eyes1 ague1 colic1 pains in the side1 chilblains1 burns and scalds1 cancers1 sprains1 open sores1 asthmas1 and complaints of the lungs4 #cgef4 ,fill a bottle three-quarters full with good brandy1 after which add as much salt as will fill the bottle for corking2 shake it together twenty minutes2 let the salt settle to the bottom1 and do not shake it up before using4 ,the clearer it is used the better4 #cgeg4 ,a bottle of this preparation should be constantly kept ready for use1 as its virtues have been fully tested4 ,when taken inwardly1 for asthma1 bowel complaints1 c41 mix two spoonfuls with equal quantity of warm water4 #cgeh4 ,cancer4--,five out of six cases have been cured by brandy and salt1 described above4 ,the pain is very severe1 but temporary4 #cgei4 ,poison1 from vines1 may be cured by bathing in whiskey and cream1 and cooling with rye flour2 if obstinate1 use a strong solution of copperas4 #cgfj4 ,simple ,remedy for a ,pain in the ,side4--,at bed-time take a fresh cabbage-leaf1 hold it near the fire till quite warm1 and then apply it to the part affected1 binding it tight with a cloth round the body2 let it remain for twelve hours or more1 when it will generally be found to have removed the pain4 #cgfa4 ,if not entirely removed1 it will be well to repeat the application of a fresh leaf1 allowing it to remain on the same time as the first4 #cgfb4 ,boils4--,see page #aji4 #cgfc4 ,carbuncles4--,these should be brought to a head by warm poultices1 by fermentation with hot water1 or by stimulating plasters4 ,when ripe1 they should be discharged by a needle1 or the lancet4 ,but this should not be attempted until they are fully proved4 #cgfd4 ,constitutional ,treatment4--,stimulating food and drinks1 such as ale1 porter1 champagne and other wines4 ,strong beef tea should be taken freely--it is very nourishing4 #cgfe4 ,carbuncles reduce the strength greatly4--,to recover this1 ,peruvian bark and sea-bathing are recommended4 #cgff4 ,an inflamed bunion should be poulticed1 and larger shoes be worn4 ,iodine1 twelve grains2 lard or spermaceti ointment1 half an ounce1 makes a capital ointment for bunions4 ,it should be rubbed on gently twice or thrice a-day4--,see page #ig4 #cgfg4 ,frost-,bitten ,feet4--,dissolve half pound alum in one gallon warm water1 and soak fifteen minutes4 #cgfh4 ,valuable ,aperient ,pills4--,four drachms ,castile soap1 four drachms soccotrine aloes2 make into the pills with a sufficient quantity of syrup4 ,two or three may be taken when costive4 #cgfi4 ,good ,eye-,water4--,ten teaspoonsful of water1 one ditto of brandy1 and one ditto of vinegar4 #cggj4 ,lip ,salve4--,spermaceti ointment1 half an ounce2 balsam of ,peru1 one quarter of a drachm4 ,mix4 ,it is not couleur de rose1 but it will cure--often with but a single application4 ,apply a thin coating with the forefinger1 just before getting into bed4 #cgga4 ,an ,excellent ,tooth ,powder4--,cuttle-fish1 prepared chalk1 and orris-root1 commingled together in equal quantities1 which any one may procure separately from any respectable chemist1 and mix himself4 #cggb4 ,to remove ,tartar from the ,teeth4--,strawberries1 ripe1 or dried and powdered1 are excellent to clean the teeth4 #cggc4 ,to drive away ,rats4--,potash strewn around rat holes1 will drive the vermin away4 #cggd4 ,to kill ,flies4--,cobalt in powder1 moistened with hot water1 and covered with a little sugar4 #cgge4 ,gum ,water4--,it is a fact not generally known that gum should be dissolved in vinegar instead of water1 especially when it is wanted for immediate use4 #cggf4 ,to remove ,water-stains from ,black ,crape4--,when a drop of water falls on a black crape vail or collar1 it leaves a conspicuous white mark4 ,to obliterate this1 spread the crape on a table 7laying on it a large book or a paper weight to keep it steady71 and place underneath the stain a piece of old black silk4 ,with a large camel's hair brush dipped in common ink1 go over the stain2 and then wipe off the ink with a little bit of old soft silk4 ,it will dry immediately1 and the white mark will be seen no more4 #cggg4 ,copper in liquids maybe detected by spirits of hartshorn1 which turns them blue4 #cggh4 ,arsenic may be detected by a solution of blue vitriol dropped into the suspected liquid1 which will turn green1 if arsenic be present4 #cggi4 ,to remove ,ink ,stains from ,silver4--,the tops and other portions of silver inkstands frequently become discolored with ink1 which is difficult to remove by ordinary means4 ,it may1 however1 be completely eradicated by making a little chlorid of lime into a paste with water1 and rubbing it upon the stains4 #cghj4 ,to remove ,ink ,stains from ,wood1 c4--,as much oxalic acid as will lay on a sixpence1 dissolved in a tablespoonful of hot water2 lay some on the wood1 and rub hard with a cork until the stain disappears2 then wash and repolish4 ,the above will remove the stain1 without injury to the color of the wood1 mahogany or any other kind4 ,it also cleans the brass-work4 #cgha4 ,to ,clean ,plate4--,take of cream of tartar1 alum1 and common salt1 each an ounce1 and boil in a gallon of water1 throw the plate in and boil2 when taken out and rubbed dry it will look beautiful4 ,plate1 when laid aside1 will generally tarnish1 but if cleaned by this method1 at stated periods1 it will always look well4 #cghb4 ,washing ,paint4--,the best method to wash paint is to rub some ,bath-brick fine1 and when you have rubbed some soap on the flannel1 dip it in the brick4 ,this will remove the grease and dirt speedily1 without injury4 #cghc4 ,glue ,paste4--,instead of pure water for mixing the flour1 use glue-water1 to which add some alum and resin to keep it from turning4 ,it must be made very thick4 #cghd4 ,whenever oil is used for the purpose of artificial light1 it should be kept free from all exposure to atmospheric air2 as it is apt to absorb considerable quantities of oxygen4 ,if oil is very coarse or tenacious1 a very small quantity of oil of turpentine may be added4 #cghe4 ,bugs4--,spirits of naphtha rubbed with a small painter's brush into every part of a bedstead is a certain way of getting rid of bugs4--7,see p4 #hg47 #cghf4 ,calcareous ,deposits in ,boilers4--,in a common tea-kettle1 potatoes boiled a few times1 will remove the calcareous deposits1 and a few oyster-shells1 kept constantly in the kettle1 will prevent future accumulations4 #cghg4 ,to remove the ,stoppers of ,glass ,bottles4--,dip a piece of linen or cloth in hot water1 and wrap it tightly round the neck of the bottle4 ,in a few minutes the stopper will probably be loosened2 if not1 repeat the application4 ,i have never found this method to fail4 #cghh4 ,how to get a ,tight ,ring off a ,finger4--,thread a needle1 flat in the eye1 with a strong thread1 pass the head of the needle with care under the ring1 and pull the thread through a few inches toward the hand2 wrap the long end of the thread tightly round the finger1 regularly all down to the nail1 to reduce its size4 ,then lay hold of the short end1 and unwind it4 #cghi4 ,the thread repassing against the ring1 will gradually remove it from the finger4 ,this never-failing method will remove the tightest ring without difficulty1 however much swollen the finger may be4 #cgij4 ,cleaning ,knives4--,mutton fat made hot1 and put on a leather or buff-board1 with emery-dust--not powder1 as that is too sharp--well rubbed in with an old brush1 is the best way of giving a knife as good a polish and edge as any razor4 #cgia4 ,to restore the ,color to ,mahogany4--,wash well with soap and water1 and then polish daily with the following oil3 ,take half an ounce of alkanet root1 cut small1 and add to a pint of linseed oil2 when this has stood for a week1 add half an ounce of powdered gum-arabic1 and an ounce of shellac varnish2 let them stand in a bottle by the fire for a week1 then strain4 ,rub well in4 #cgib4 ,rice ,flour ,cement4--,an excellent cement may be made from rice flour1 which is at present used for that purpose in ,china and ,japan4 ,it is only necessary to mix the rice flour intimately with cold water1 and gently simmer it over a fire1 when it readily forms a delicate and durable cement1 not only answering all the purposes of common paste1 but admirably adapted for joining together paper1 cards1 c41 in forming the various beautiful and tasteful ornaments which affords much employment and amusement to the ladies4 #cgic4 ,when made of the consistence of plaster-clay1 models1 busts1 bas-relievos1 c4 may be formed of it1 and the articles1 when dry1 are susceptible of high polish1 and very durable4--7,see p4 #gj47 #cgid4 ,oil of ,lavender4--,a few drops in a library will keep the books from moulding4 ,a single drop of the same will prevent a pint of ink from mouldiness for any length of time4 ,paste may be kept from mould entirely by this addition2 and leather is also effectually secured from injury by the same agency4 #cgie4 ,ink4--,to make five gallons of good ink1 costing but twelve-and-a-half cents1 take half a pound of extract of logwood1 and dissolve it in five gallons of hot water1 and add half an ounce of bichromate potash4 ,strain and bottle it4 #cgif4 ,blue ,tracing ,ink4--,indigo tied in a flannel bag1 moistened with water4 ,put a lump of white sugar into an egg-cup1 and squeeze out the blue on it2 the sugar stiffens it1 so as to prevent its running1 and the color depends on the quantity of water used4 ,use a quill pen4 #cgig4 ,marking ,linen1 preparation4--,the preparation used for wetting linen1 previous to marking it with ink1 is a drachm of salt of tartar in one and a half ounces of water4 #cgih4 ,economy in ,candles4--,if you would burn a candle all night1 unless you use the following precaution1 it is ten to one an ordinary candle will gutter away in an hour or two1 sometimes to the endangering the safety of a house4 ,this may be avoided by placing as much common salt1 finely powdered1 as will reach from the tallow to the bottom of the black part of the wick of a partly-burnt candle1 when1 if the same be lit1 it will burn very slowly1 yielding sufficient light for a bed-chamber2 the salt will gradually sink as the tallow is consumed1 the melted tallow being drawn through the salt1 and consumed in the wick4 #cgii4 ,deafness4--,take three drops of a sheep's gall1 warm1 and drop it into the ear on going to bed4 ,the ear must be thoroughly syringed with warm soap and water in the morning4 #chjj4 ,times of ,application4--,the gall must be applied for three successive nights4 ,it is only efficacious when the deafness is produced by cold4 ,the most convenient way of warming the gall is by holding it in a silver spoon over the flame of a candle4--7,see p4 #ie47 #chja4 ,for ,heartburn1 c4--,orange juice 7of one orange71 water and lump sugar to flavor1 and in proportion to acidity of orange1 bicarbonate of soda1 about half a teaspoonful4 ,mix orange juice1 water and sugar together in a tumbler1 then put in the soda1 stir1 and the effervescence ensues4 #chjb4 ,remedy for ,rheumatism1 ,lumbago1 ,sprains1 ,chilblains1 7before they are broken7 ,bruises1 and ,bites of ,insects4--,one raw egg well beaten1 half a pint of vinegar1 one ounce of spirits of turpentine1 a quarter of an ounce of spirits of wine1 a quarter of an ounce of camphor4 ,these ingredients to be beaten well together1 then put in a bottle and shaken for ten minutes1 after which1 to be corked down tightly to exclude the air4 ,in half an hour it is fit for use4 #chjc4 ,how to use it4--,to be well rubbed in1 two1 three1 or four times a day4--,for rheumatism in the head1 to be rubbed at the back of the neck and behind the ears4--7,see page #aja47 #chjd4 ,asthma4--,the following is recommended as a relief4--,two ounces of the best honey1 and one ounce of castor oil mixed4 ,a teaspoonful to be taken night and morning4--7,see page #ajc47 #chje4 ,for ,scurf in the ,heads of ,infants4--,lard1 two ounces2 sulphuric acid1 diluted1 two drachms2 rub them together1 and anoint the head once a day4 #chjf4 ,for ,moth on the ,skin4--,these unpleasant discolorations may be entirely removed by a wash made of borax and vinegar4 #chjg4 ,sunburn4--,a little scraped horseradish mixed in warm milk and rubbed on the face and hands will whiten the skin4 #chjh4 ,cold ,cream4--,a piece of sperm candle two inches long1 a small cake of white wax1 three table-spoonsful of fresh sweet oil2 just melt it on the fire1 stirring it1 and take it off stirring it till it is cold4 ,before it is quite cold stir in any perfume you prefer4--7,see page #acf47 #chji4 ,a ,new ,method for the ,hair4--,carefully avoid all lotions and pomades4 #chaj4 ,keep the hair and scalp clean by the use of the brush and comb4 #chaa4 ,twice a day1 at least1 comb it out in such a manner that the air may pass through it freely2 then1 with the fingers1 moisten the roots with soft water1 at the same time gently rubbing the scalp4 #chab4 ,this will not only fasten and renovate the old hair1 but actually bring out a fine new suit2 the length of time for this purpose varying with the health and constitution of the patient4 #chac4 ,should the hair become too dry1 lessen the quantity of water employed1 and use a very little cocoanut or perfumed castor oil4 ,this receipt is also invaluable as a remedy for headache or neuralgia4 #chad4 ,headache--,a ,sure ,remedy4--,wet paper1 white or brown1 bound tightly on the forehead with a bandage or kerchief1 the part pressing over the forehead to be also made wet with cold water1 though not dripping4 ,this process1 if followed nightly1 will entirely prevent headaches1 and also keep the forehead free from wrinkles4 ,try it4 #chae4 ,to ,promote the ,growth of ,whiskers1 ,mustaches1 c4--,the best method to force the growth of whiskers and mustaches1 is to shave the parts frequently4 ,use as a stimulant the ashes of burned tobacco1 and bay-water4 #chaf4 ,cosmetics generally4--7,see page #aeb and on47 #chag4 ,the ,complexion can only be preserved in freshness1 softness and beauty1 by cleanliness1 regular exercise1 temperance1 a plain diet and pure air1 and a cheerful temper4 #chah4 ,offensive ,breath4--,use the concentrated solution of chlorid of soda4 ,from two to five drops of it in a wine-glass full of pure spring water1 taken immediately after the operations of the morning are completed4 #chai4 ,in some cases the odor arising from carious teeth is combined with that of the stomach4 ,if the mouth be well rinsed with a teaspoonful of the solution of the chlorid in a tumbler of water1 the bad odor of the teeth will be removed4 #chbj4 ,breath tainted by ,onions4--,leaves of parsley1 eaten with vinegar1 will prevent the disagreeable consequences of eating onions4 #chba4 ,toothache4--,put a small piece of the inside of a nut-gall into the hollow tooth1 and replace by another bit every half-hour1 as long as white matter comes away with the piece taken out4 #chbb4 ,black eyes may be cured by a lotion made of equal parts of gin1 vinegar1 and cold water mixed4 ,bathe the eye for ten or fifteen minutes1 and repeat in an hour if the pain continues4 #chbc4 ,bilious ,disorders4--,if a person is bilious1 it is generally owing to errors in regimen4 ,let these be reformed1 and the complaints will cease4 ,but if a person would be always bilious1 let him be often taking calomel1 or blue pill1 or active purges4 ,lee's antibilious1 c41 and he will certainly succeed3 the soundest liver will not be proof against such remedies for bile4 #chbd4 ,remedy for ,bile4--,the yolks of eggs taken fasting4 ,if required1 beat up the egg with a little sugar and lemon-juice4 #chbe4 ,household ,hints1 etc4--7,see page #baj47 #chbf4 ,hard ,water4--,when water is hard1 and will not readily unite with soap1 it will always be proper to boil it before use4--7,see pages #db1 #dc2 also ,general ,washing1 pages #df1 #dg47 #chbg4 ,materials for ,washing4--,the meal of many kinds of seed may be used for washing1 as well as various kinds of bran4 ,that of almonds1 which1 on account of its oil1 is remarkably soft1 is employed at present for washing the hands1 by those who are desirous of having a white delicate skin4 ,cloth1 the colors of which easily fade1 and which will neither endure soap nor hard rubbing1 may be washed extremely well with bran4 ,our fullers1 therefore1 and stocking-manufacturers1 use oats1 barley1 and bran meal1 especially when they wish the cloth to be slowly milled4 #chbh4 ,to ,wash ,white ,lace4--,cover a glass bottle with calico or linen1 and then tack the lace or collar smoothly upon it1 rub it with soap1 and cover it with calico4 ,boil it for twenty minutes in soft water2 let all dry together1 and the lace will be found to be ready for use4 #chbi4 ,a long piece of lace must be wound round and round the bottle1 the edge of each round a little above the last1 and a few stitches to keep it firm at the beginning and end will be found sufficient1 but a collar will require more tacking to keep it in its place4--7,see page #ec47 #chcj4 ,bleaching ,liquid4--,take one pound of chlorid of lime1 empty it into a stone jar1 and pour on it one gallon of water2 stir it well with a stick for fifteen minutes2 then let it settle1 and pour off the clear liquor into clean bottles1 and cork them up4 ,a tumblerful of this preparation1 added to a tubful of water1 in which the clothes are rinsed1 will add very much to their whiteness4 #chca4 ,washing ,windows4--,the nicest article for washing windows is deer skin1 as no particles come off to adhere to the glass and make it look as if washed with feathers4 #chcb4 ,wash-leather and a bowl of suds are all that are necessary4 ,wipe the glass first with the wet cloth or leather1 and after it has become dry1 with the clean cloth2 and it will look clear1 and far more so than if rinsed in a dozen pails of water4 #chcc4 ,cleaning ,kid ,gloves4--,lay the gloves flat on a towel1 and wash them with a piece of clean flannel and the best yellow soap1 being careful to squeeze the flannel as dry as it is possible to use it4 ,when the dirt is removed1 with another piece of flannel wash them lightly with plain milk4--7,see page #ec47 #chcd4 ,stains may be removed from the hands by washing them in a small quantity of oil of vitriol and cold water without soap4 #chce4 ,cleaning ,velvets4--,a very simple method of cleaning velvets is to procure a small square of pipe-clay 7such as the soldiers use to clean their uniforms with7 and scrape a little off upon the velvet2 then take a brush1 made of the same material as the carpet-whisk1 and lightly brush it off4 ,this raises the pile1 and restores the bloom4 #chcf4 ,silk articles should not be kept folded in white papers1 as the chlorid of lime used in bleaching the paper will impair the color of the silk4 #chcg4 ,papier-,mache articles should be washed with a sponge and cold water without soap1 dredged with flour while damp1 and polished with a flannel4 #chch4 ,worsted and ,lambs'-,wool ,stockings should never be mended with worsted or lambs'-wool1 because the latter being new it shrinks more than the stockings1 and draws them up till the toes become short and narrow1 and the heels have no shape left4 #chci4 ,in choosing ,paper for a room1 avoid that which has a variety of colors1 or a large1 showy figure1 as no furniture can appear to advantage with such4 ,large figured papering makes a small room look smaller4 #chdj4 ,bright green colors are dangerous when first put on1 because poisons are used in the coloring matter4 #chda4 ,gilt frames may be protected from flies and dust by oiled tarlatan pinned over them4 ,tarlatan already prepared1 may be purchased at the upholsterers'4 ,if it cannot be procured1 it is easily made by brushing boiled oil over cheap tarlatan4 ,it is an excellent material for keeping dust from books1 vases1 woodwork1 and every description of household ornament4--7,see page #ah47 #chdb4 ,to ,pack ,glass or ,china4--,procure some soft straw or hay to pack them in1 and if they are to be sent a long way1 and are heavy1 the hay or straw should be a little damp1 which will prevent them slipping about4 ,let the largest and heaviest things be always put undermost1 in the box or hamper4 #chdc4 ,let there be plenty of straw1 and pack the articles tight2 but never attempt to pack up glass or china which is of much consequence1 till it has been seen done by some one used to the job4 ,the expense will be but trifling to have a person to do it who understands it1 and the loss may be great if articles of such value are packed up in an improper manner4 #chdd4 ,to ,polish ,enameled ,leather4--,two pints of the best cream1 one pint of linseed oil2 make them each lukewarm1 and then mix them well together4 ,,dietetic ,,maxims4 #chde4 ,a healthy appetite is to be acquired by early rising1 regular exercise in the open air1 a cheerful mind1 and abstinence from intoxicating liquors4 #chdf4 ,the food should be eaten slowly1 so that it be well masticated and mixed with the saliva4 #chdg4 ,animal food is sooner digested in the stomach than vegetable2 but it is more stimulating or heating to the system4 ,flesh that has been long salted1 dried hams1 beef1 c41 are less easily digested and less nutritive than fresh meat4 #chdh4 ,farinaceous and vegetable food1 generally1 is slower of digestion than animal1 but it is less heating2 many kinds of vegetable food are very nutritive4 #chdi4 ,solid food1 or food of a certain fibrous or pulpy consistence1 is more fitted for digestion in the stomach than rich soups1 jellies1 and all highly concentrated sauces4 ,the latter are rendered more digestible by the addition of bread4 #chej4 ,fish are not so nourishing as the flesh of land animals1 and with many stomachs entirely disagree4 ,the white fish1 when in season1 are generally lighter1 and less apt to disagree with the stomach than the red4 #chea4 ,in summer the food should consist principally of vegetables2 in winter1 a larger amount of animal matter may be taken1 especially by the laborer4 #cheb4 ,boiling renders food more tender and digestible1 but it deprives it of a considerable portion of its nutritive principle4 #chec4 ,animal food should not be over boiled2 vegetables should be boiled until perfectly tender4 #ched4 ,roasting dissipates less of the nutritive parts of the meat4 ,roasted meat is1 therefore1 more nourishing than boiled1 but much more stimulating4 #chee4 ,bread constitutes a wholesome addition to all our meals4 ,it should be perfectly raised1 fully baked1 and one day old4 #chef4 ,all excess in eating should be avoided1 but the quantity of food proper to be taken at one time depends entirely on the constitution1 age1 habits1 degree of health1 season of the year1 climate1 c4 ,the best guide is to be found in the calls of a healthy appetite4 #cheg4 ,health1 and strength of body1 depend upon the health of the stomach1 and consequent perfection of the digestive powers1 much more than upon the quantity or even quality of the food taken4 #cheh4 ,water is the most wholesome drink4 ,toast and water1 sweetened water1 or water with a slight addition of a vegetable acid1 are useful diluents during the summer4 #chei4 ,distilled and fermented liquors impede digestion2 and1 when drank to any great extent1 invariably destroy the tone of the stomach1 and of the system generally4 #chfj4 ,the stomach ought not to be over distended with fluids during1 immediately preceding1 nor after a meal4 #chfa4 ,when the stomach is very weak1 very little fluid should be taken during or after eating4 ,dry solid food requires more dilution than that which is juicy or fluid4 #chfb4 ,exercise should be used in the intervals between meals1 but not immediately before or after them4 ,,hints ,,to ,,mechanics ,,and ,,workmen4 #chfc4 ,if you would avoid the diseases which your particular trades and work are liable to produce1 attend to the following hints3 #chfd4 ,keep1 if possible1 regular hours4 ,never suppose that you have done extra work1 when you sit up till midnight1 and do not rise till eight or nine in the morning4 #chfe4 ,abstain from ardent spirits1 cordials1 and malt liquors4 ,let your drink be1 like that of ,franklin1 when he was a printer--pure water4 #chff4 ,never use tobacco in any form4 ,by chewing1 smoking1 or snuffing1 you spend money which would help to clothe you1 or would enable you1 if single1 to make a useful present to an aged mother or dependent sister2 or1 if married1 to buy your wife a frock1 or get books for your children4 ,you also1 by any of these filthy practices1 injure your health--bringing on headache1 gnawing at the stomach1 low spirits1 trembling of the limbs1 and1 at times1 sleeplessness4 #chfg4 ,be particular in preserving your skin clean1 by regular washing of your hands1 and face1 and mouth1 before each meal1 and of your whole body at least once a week1 and by combing and brushing the hair daily4 #chfh4 ,always have fresh air in the room in which you work1 but so that you shall not be in a draft4 #chfi4 ,take a short time in the morning1 if possible1 and always in the evening1 or toward sundown1 for placing your body in a natural posture1 by standing erect1 and exercising your chest and limbs by a walk where the air is the purest4 #chgj4 ,the ,fireside4--,admit no rival here4 ,let your chief joys be shared by her who has forsaken all other hearts and hopes for you2 by those who must inherit honor or disgrace from your course of life4 ,shun the bar-room and the purlieus of intoxication4 ,they are1 to thousands1 the avenues to infamy4 #chga4 ,the rivals of our ,home are many and fearful4 ,among the direst is the drinking-place1 whether known as porter-house1 grog-shop1 or tavern4 ,the man who spends his evenings in these ,stygian fumes1 soon grovels and wallows away half his civilization4 #chgb4 ,the tavern-haunter drinks till he feels himself half-ruined2 he is wretched2 he drinks to drown his wretchedness2 he does drown it1 and his soul along with it6 #chgc4 ,home6--,it marks the sacred spot to which the cares and tumult of the world do not reach2 and where1 except in cases of extreme depravity1 its vices do not intrude4 ,,maxims ,,and ,,morals ,,for ,,all ,,men4 #chgd4 ,the world estimates men by their success in life2 and1 by general consent1 success is evidence of superiority4 #chge4 ,never1 under any circumstances1 assume a responsibility you can avoid consistently with your duty to yourselves and others4 #chgf4 ,base all your actions upon a principle of right2 preserve your integrity of character in doing this2 never reckon the cost4 #chgg4 ,remember that self-interest is more likely to warp your judgment than all other circumstances combined2 therefore look well to your duty when your duty is concerned4 #chgh4 ,never make money at the expense of your reputation4 #chgi4 ,be neither lavish nor niggardly2 of the two avoid the latter4 ,a mean man is universally despised2 but public favor is a stepping-stone to preferment--therefore generous feelings should be cultivated4 #chhj4 ,let your expenses be such as to leave a balance in your pocket4 ,ready money is a friend in need4 #chha4 ,keep clear of the law2 for when you gain your case1 you are generally a loser of money4 #chhb4 ,never relate your misfortunes1 and never grieve over what you cannot prevent4 #chhc4 ,no man who owes as much as he can pay1 has any moral right to endorse for another4 #chhd4 ,no moneyed man has the moral right to enter on engagements or speculations1 hazarding his estate1 without the consent of his wife4 #chhe4 ,knowing that the end of life is death1 every right-minded man ought to pursue that which is connected with happiness and ultimate bliss4 #chhf4 ,family ,tool ,chests1 ,papers1 etc4--,much inconvenience and considerable expense might be saved1 if it was the general custom to keep in every house certain tools for the purpose of performing at home what are called small jobs1 instead of being always obliged to send for a mechanic1 and pay him for executing little things that1 in most cases1 could be sufficiently well done by a man or boy belonging to the family1 provided that the proper instruments were at hand4 #chhg4 ,the cost of these articles is very trifling1 and the advantages of having them always in the house are far beyond the expense4 #chhh4 ,for instance there should be an axe1 a hatchet1 a saw 7a large wood saw1 also1 with a buck or stand1 if wood is burned71 a claw-hammer1 a mallet1 two gimlets of different sizes1 two screw-drivers1 a chisel1 a small plane1 one or two jack-knives1 a pair of large scissors or shears1 and a carpet-fork or stretcher4 #cchi4 ,also an assortment of nails of various sizes from large spikes down to small tacks1 not forgetting brass-headed nails1 some larger and some smaller4 #chij4 ,screws and likewise1 will be found to be very convenient1 and hooks on which to hang things4 #chia4 ,the nails and screws should be kept in a wooden box1 made with division to separate the various sorts1 for it is very troublesome to have them mixed4 #chib4 ,and let care be taken to keep up the supply1 lest it should ran out unexpectedly1 and the deficiency cause delay and inconvenience at a time when their use is wanted4 #chic4 ,it is well to have somewhere1 in the lower part of the house1 a deep1 light closet1 appropriated entirely to tools and things of equal utility1 for executing promptly such little repairs as convenience may require1 without the delay or expense of procuring an artisan4 ,this closet should have at least one large shelf1 and that about three feet from the floor4 #chid4 ,beneath this shelf may be a deep drawer1 divided into two compartments4 ,this drawer may contain cakes of glue1 pieces of chalk1 and balls of twine of different size and quality4 #chie4 ,there may be shelves at the sides of the closet for glue-pots1 paste-pots1 and brushes1 pots for black1 white1 green1 and red paints1 cans of painting oil1 paint-brushes1 c4 #chif4 ,against the wall1 above the large shelf1 let the tools be suspended1 or laid across nails or hooks of proper size to support them4 #chig4 ,this is much better than keeping them in a box1 where they may be injured by rubbing against each other1 and the hand may be hurt in feeling among them to find the thing that is wanted4 #chih4 ,but when hung up against the back wall of the closet1 of course each tool can be seen at a glance4 #chii4 ,wrapping paper may be piled on the floor under the large shelf4 ,it can be bought very low by the ream1 at the large paper warehouses2 and every house should keep a supply of it in several varieties4 #cijj4 ,for instance1 coarse brown paper for common purposes1 that denominated ironmonger's paper1 which is strong1 thick1 and in large sheets1 is useful for packing heavy articles2 and equally so for keeping silks1 ribbons1 blondes1 c41 as it preserves their colors4 #cija4 ,printed papers are unfit for wrapping any thing1 as the printing ink rubs off on the articles enclosed in them and also soils the gloves of the person who carries the parcel4 #cijb4 ,when shopping1 if the person at the counter proceeds to wrap up your purchase in a newspaper 7a thing rarely attempted in a genteel shop71 refuse to take it in such a cover4 #cijc4 ,it is the business of every respectable shopkeeper to provide proper paper for this purpose2 and printed paper is not proper4 #cijd4 ,waste newspapers had best be used for lighting fires and singing poultry4 #cije4 ,waste paper that has been written on1 cut into slips1 and creased and folded1 makes very good alumettes or lamp-lighters4 ,these matters may appear of trifling importance1 but order and regularity are necessary to happiness4 #cijf4 ,a ,miniature ,tool ,box for little boys is one of the best playthings which can be given them4 ,these can be found at the toy-shops4 ,,home ,,industry ,,for ,,young ,,ladies4 #cijg4 ,dress-making4--,when you are about to commence a dress1 have the following things in a basket or box at your hand1 viz3 sewing silk the color of the dress1 one or two reels of cotton1 fine and coarse1 a pair of scissors1 not small1 a penny inch measure--you can procure one at a trimming shop4 #cijh4 ,do not cut without a measure1 and always measure all that you have bought or have given you for a dress1 before you begin to cut4 #ciji4 ,the number of yards required depend on the width of the material4 ,ten yards of any material1 eighteen inches wide1 will make a dress for a moderate-sized person1 with full body1 but no trimming on the skirt4 #ciaj4 ,cut your plain skirt off the piece first1 body and sleeves after2 leave your trimmings to the last2 large turnings are bad and waste the stuff2 measure carefully and cut exact4 #ciaa4 ,six yards of ,french merino1 or any other material of that width1 will be found sufficient4 #ciab4 ,in cutting off the skirt1 if the length1 we will suppose1 should be forty-two or forty-six inches long1 leave four inches more for the hem and turnings at the top4 #ciac4 ,cut the lining for the skirt exact to the material1 and mind it fits when finished4 #ciad4 ,supposing you to have run the seams of the skirt and the seams of your lining1 lay the lining on the table1 placing the skirt on top1 and then tack the seams of your skirt to the lining4 #ciae4 ,begin at the first seam1 and gradually go on to the last seam2 stitch up three pieces together1 and fell over the fourth2 having done this1 hem the bottom4 ,unless your hem is tacked or pinned1 it will be sure to be on the twist and set badly4 #ciaf4 ,having done this1 run on your braid1 which must be put on easy or rather full4 ,attend to this1 or you will spoil the set of the skirt4 ,if the skirt is to have flounces1 they must be put on before you gauge the top2 and while the skirt is on the table1 put a white tacking thread round the skirt where each flounce is to be fixed4 #ciag4 ,waist or ,body4--,all thin figures ought to wear full bodies2 with stout persons it is a matter of taste4 ,plain bodies require more care in making than full ones4 ,every small imperfection is seen in plain bodies4 #ciah4 ,care and judgment are necessary in fitting the back of the dress over the shoulders2 or you will look round-shouldered4 #ciai4 ,the fault is1 usually1 in cutting the back of the dress too long2 in fitting1 pull the fore-body over the shoulder1 and shorten the back at the top1 till it fits neatly4 #cibj4 ,if you have no paper pattern that fits1 unpick half an old body that suits you2 lay your new lining on your cutting board 7the top of a candle-box1 or any smooth board of sufficient width1 will answer to hold in your lap1 and is more convenient than standing over a bed or table71 put the old body on top of it1 and1 with the sharp point of a pair of scissors1 prick through both1 in the old seams of the pattern4 #ciba4 ,prick them well1 as the marks are apt to rub out4 ,tack all the body well in the holes round it1 before you begin1 and be very careful to stitch your body to the tacking thread4 #cibb4 ,plain bodies require more care in making than full ones2 any small imperfection is seen in plain bodies4 #cibc4 ,five out of six persons have their dresses made too tight across the chest2 it is a sad fault4 ,any lady once wearing an easy dress1 would never go back to a tight one2 to say nothing of its being healthy and beautiful4 #cibd4 ,do not select a very stout body lining2 it is a common mistake4 ,a stout lining prevents the dress giving or setting to the figure1 and is no stronger than one of moderate quality4 ,french dressmakers exclaim at the bad shapes so commonly seen in this country1 and charge them to this cause in a great measure4 ,for a white dress1 lawn1 cambric1 chintz1 or silk--bleached muslin1 at twelve and a half cents a yard1 is good enough4 ,for dark merinos1 or cashmeres1 some prefer dark twilled stuffs4 #cibe4 ,a yard of lining is the proper quantity for a close dress1 a yard and a half for a basque or jacket4 ,sleeve linings should always be of a thin material4 #cibf4 ,great care must be taken with the armholes2 do not make them too large or too small2 thirteen inches is a nice size for a person not more than twenty-four inches in the waist2 fourteen inches is a large size1 only required for stout persons4 #cibg4 ,if you have to alter the armhole1 never do it under the arm2 in nine cases out of ten it will spoil the dress1 and it takes away the free use of the arm2 a very small piece cut off round the armhole1 excepting underneath1 will be all that is necessary4 #cibh4 ,do not forget your sleeves must be larger than the armhole an inch and a half2 when put in1 it never looks the least full1 and sets better4 ,the seam of your sleeve must not be even with the seam of your body1 but half an inch in front of it4 #cibi4 ,in cording the neck1 do not stretch it2 hold the cord tight4 ,the waist must1 on the contrary1 be pulled well when the cord is put on1 or it will never fit2 it requires much stretching4 ,the fit of the body often depends on the finishing4 #cicj4 ,all full bodies are made with quite a straight piece of material1 twenty inches long1 and eighteen wide2 this is half the front2 gather it straight at the bottom1 and then place it on your tight lining2 fix it firmly1 and then gather it at the shoulder2 but mind and do the bottom gauging first4 #cica4 ,to make a body with folds1 still have your material twenty inches long1 and nineteen wide2 the selvage must reach from waist to shoulder4 #cicb4 ,in putting folds on a body1 let it be on the straight1 or a good cross2 don't let it be neither one nor the other1 which is too frequently the case1 and always will1 as a matter of course1 set badly4 ,it makes the folds set better to cover over half the body lining with a plain piece of the dress1 as you would wear a stomacher1 and then place your folds to meet it1 so that a folded body will be in two pieces1 the plain part put on first1 and the folds after4 #cicc4 ,a ,french dressmaker uses little or no bone--that is1 the splints are so thin as to bend and give to the outline1 and to every motion of the figure4 ,the fit should not be made to depend on a stiff fencing of whalebone1 the thickness of an old-fashioned busk4 ,if it does not fit nicely without any bone1 it never will fit with4 ,this is true of low-bodied evening dresses in particular1 the only dresses which at present have long points to the bodice4 #cicd4 ,the basque1 properly speaking1 is the short skirt or flap1 of the body4 ,they require a paper pattern1 which can be furnished to any distance by those establishments who make patterns a business4 ,there are several such in ,new ,york and ,philadelphia4 #cice4 ,it is a good plan to fit the jacket lining to the figure first1 before you cut into the material4 ,they should always be left loose to the figure2 the whole effect being destroyed if any seams are drawn tight4 #cicf4 ,flounces4--,it will take the same quantity of material if cut either on the straight or the cross4 ,it is a common error to suppose they take more on the cross4 #cicg4 ,for the fullness of a flounce allow one width on the cross to one width on the straight of your skirt2 so that if you have six widths in your skirts1 you will have six widths in your flounces on the cross4 #cich4 ,if there are three flounces of different widths1 let the bottom and widest one have the most fullness2 three inches more fullness will be sufficient4 ,if the flounces are on the straight1 allow eight widths in the flounce to six widths in the skirt4 #cici4 ,a small cord run in at the top of the flounce makes it look neat4 ,before running the cord in your flounce1 join it round the exact size of the skirt2 join round likewise your flounces1 and full them on the cord as you go on4 #cidj4 ,halve and quarter your flounces and also the skirt1 and you will find them no trouble to put on4 #cida4 ,sleeves4--,in making sleeves1 with one good pattern1 strange as it may seem1 you can very easily make six different fashions by cutting your sleeve a little longer or a little shorter1 and putting on different trimmings1 by making some in a band at the wrist1 or leaving them loose1 by trimming the loose sleeves on the back or fore part of the arm4 #cidb4 ,the same shape is1 by a dressmaker1 altered in the manner ,i describe1 and with a little observation1 ,i think1 can be done4 #cidc4 ,try and procure a good pattern at first4 ,with taste1 one pattern can be made to look like six4 #cidd4 ,a trimming on the top of the sleeve is a great improvement to thin persons4 ,it should match the bottom part of the sleeve and body-trimming4 #cide4 ,two out of every three ,american women have one shoulder larger than the other1 from stooping in the school-room1 or the early care of children4 #cidf4 ,a light layer of cotton on the lining of the opposite shoulder1 and covered with the same material1 will often conceal1 or at least soften this unpleasant defect4 #cidg4 ,trimmings down the front of a dress when on the cross1 should be cut the same as flounces4 ,in trimming the front of a skirt1 it is a good plan to cut a paper the length of the skirt1 and pin it on the way you intend to trim1 and then tack a tacking thread by it4 #cidh4 ,put tackings wherever you mean to trim1 before you begin trimming1 and lay your skirt on a table to do it2 put on all trimmings with a light hand2 do not sew them as you would a shirt1 it gives them a puckered look4 ,now mind1 a good cross2 no attempts at making pieces do1 unless they are good corner pieces1 that will join well2 you are more sure of making a trimming well if cut all from one piece4 #cidi4 ,before cutting a skirt off that you wish to put tucks in1 have a piece of lining or calico at hand1 pin the tucks in it as you wish to put them in your skirt4 ,as a general rule1 a tucked skirt takes more than a flounced one1 and makes less show for the quantity of material used4 ,,pets4 ,canaries1 7see p4 #age7 and other ,birds4 #ciej4 ,canaries become delicate and feeble from improper treatment4 ,their docility1 beautiful plumage1 and sweetness of notes render them general favorites4 ,when young1 feed on a paste made by bruising rape-seed1 blowing the chaff away1 mixed with pieces of bread powdered4 ,give a teaspoonful with a little hard egg and a few drops of water1 when turning sour1 mix fresh4 ,add1 as they grow older1 scalded rape-seed without bruising1 chopped almond and chickweed1 in hot weather1 twice a day4 #ciea4 ,if sick1 give milk of hemp-seed1 made by bruising clean seed and straining it through linen into water1 taking the water-glass away from the sick4 ,as they advance in age1 give rape and canary1 and occasionally bruised hemp-seed1 taking the soft food away by degrees4 ,cuttle-fish bone is preferable to loaf-sugar4 ,cakes1 apples1 berries1 bread soaked1 the water squeezed out and milk added1 are good1 and cabbage occasionally1 when in season1 is excellent4 #cieb4 ,perches should be round and strong without crevices or shoulders for insects to breed or harbor1 and every corner of the cage should be brushed out and kept thoroughly clean4 #ciec4 ,the claws are sometimes so long as to occasion accidents by catching in the wires2 in which case trim them4 ,mortar placed in the cage facilitates the production of eggs4 #cied4 ,teach singing by separating the bird from the others1 so that he may hear no singing1 cover his cage for a few days with a thin cloth1 then play your flageolet or bird organ several times each day1 without harshness4 ,at the end of fifteen days1 change the thin cloth for a thick green or red serge1 and keep covered till perfect in the air you wish to teach4 ,feed once a day and night4 ,it is better to teach one good tune well than several imperfectly4 ,the bird will copy all imperfections4 ,bad or dull singers are improved by hearing the more spirited and perfect4 #ciee4 ,surfeit indicated by swelling of lower part of body1 and occasioned by too much chickweed1 salad1 or soft food4 ,put alum in the water for three or four days1 or put a rusty nail in the water1 or common salt4 ,put the bird1 if bad1 in lukewarm milk a few minutes1 then wash with water1 wipe and dry gently4 #cief4 ,sick birds may have boiled bread and milk with canary seed boiled in it2 lettuce seed2 and when moulting1 or renewing its feathers1 indicated by drooping1 putting its head under its wing1 dropping small feathers1 give nourishing food1 as hemp-seed1 sponge1 biscuit1 c41 keep warm and quiet1 and keep much in the sun4 ,a cold air or draft is injurious4 ,put in the water a little refined liquorice4 #cieg4 ,american ,yellow ,bird4--,beautiful plumage and fine song4 ,they are hardy1 and the cage should be often hung out4 ,give plenty of water1 gravel1 rich oily seeds1 with occasional sunflower and lettuce seeds2 leaves of beet1 salad1 apples1 and other fruits4 ,gold ,finch4--,treat similar to ,american yellow bird4 #cieh4 ,bullfinches4--,old birds should be fed with ,german ,paste1 ,no4 #b1 and occasionally rape-seed4 ,the ,germans occasionally give them a little poppy-seed1 and a grain or two of rice1 steeped in canary wine1 when teaching them to pipe1 as a reward for the progress they make4 ,bird organs or flageolets1 are used to teach them4 #ciei4 ,cardinal ,grosbeak4--,of splendid plumage and exquisite song4 ,they are hardy and may be kept without fire in a room most of the winter1 except in the northern ,states4 ,allow frequent air and sun4 ,feed on rough unhulled rice and hemp1 wheat1 brown gravel1 cracked corn1 and millet occasionally1 with plenty of water for bathing4 ,these birds are long lived2 the ,philadelphia ,museum having one which died when twenty-one years old4 #cifj4 ,java ,sparrow4--,very delicate1 with pretty plumage1 but little music4 ,feed on unhulled rice and canary seed1 with plenty of brown gravel4 #cifa4 ,purple ,finch or ,linnet4--,a delightful songster4 ,give canary1 hemp1 millet1 and sunflower seeds1 with juniper and cedar-berries through the winter1 salad and beet-tops in summer4 ,any other of the ,finch tribe may be fed on seeds generally1 as the preceding4 ,perfect cleanliness of the cage1 and a constant supply of fresh water and gravel are essential4 #cifb4 ,baltimore ,oriole4--,a bird of delightful plumage1 and rich brilliant music1 well repaying the utmost care4 ,they eat fruit of all kinds1 seeds1 insects1 c4 ,give them a large cage1 protection from frost1 and an abundance of insects4 ,rear same as mocking bird4 ,east ,india ,oriole4--,possesses greater musical powers1 and is to be treated same as the ,baltimore4 #cifc4 ,american ,mocking ,bird4--,the sweet bird of many voices1 imitating almost every variety of notes and sounds imaginable4 ,feed regularly every morning with ,indian meal mixed with milk1 not very stiff4 ,give wild cherries1 cedar1 elder1 poke1 and whortleberries4 ,an occasional egg1 boiled hard and grated2 a little raw minced beef2 water for washing as well as drink1 with plenty of insects1 grasshoppers1 spiders1 particularly during moulting1 when they should be kept quiet and away from cold drafts of air4 #cifd4 ,regular feeding is important4 ,adopt a regular hour1 say eight o'clock in the morning for feeding and watering1 and strictly adhere to it4 ,if sickly1 treat kindly1 give spiders daily1 and meal-worms2 gravel the bottom of the cage and keep very quiet4 ,the male has a regular line of white feathers in the wing1 forming almost a regular curve from tip to shoulder4 #cife4 ,american ,robin4--,sprightly1 beautiful1 and musical4 ,treat similar to mocking bird4 #ciff4 ,reed ,bird or ,bob-o-link4--,is apt to die in ,november1 if too well fed4 ,give oats1 buckwheat1 and canary seed1 and abundant water for bathing4 ,at other seasons feed same indiscriminately1 as the ,finch tribe4 #cifg4 ,chickweed or salad1 which in proper season is excellent1 are absolutely poison if given too early1 before the bitterness is off1 and the cold acrid juices are dissipated by the sun4 ,insects from ,bird-cages1 ,drawers1 c4--,to keep away insects from birds' eyes1 suspend a little bag of sulphur in the cage4 ,this is said to be healthful for birds generally1 as well as serving to keep away insects by which they become infested4 #cifh4 ,aviaries4--,the aviary must face the south or west2 the ground within may be covered with fine turf1 and divided by gravel walks4 ,the evergreens planted inside are1 phyllerca1 holly1 laurel1 ,portugal laurel1 lauristinus1 yew1 box1 and furze4 ,the building should be principally wire1 and open to the air1 but there should be wings on either side1 protected by a roof of wood or glass4 ,in putting goldfinches1 linnets1 and canaries in an aviary for the purpose of breeding1 the males of the two former should be put in with hen canaries as the male birds of the wild species will mate only with canaries4 ,two or three male canaries may be put amongst them1 as the young male birds will learn some of the canaries' notes4 #cifi4 ,gold-fish4--,great care must be taken of gold-fish1 as they are very susceptible2 and hence a loud noise1 strong smell1 violent or even slight shaking of the vessel1 will ofttimes destroy them4 #cigj4 ,food for ,gold-fish4--,foreign vermicelli1 in minute portions1 given at intervals of two or three days1 is the very best aliment for gold-fish4 ,a frequent cause of their death is injudicious food1 and too much of it2 bread kills them1 and biscuit is scarcely to be trusted1 because the materials of which it is composed are not always pure4 ,water contains so much nourishment1 that if it be changed every day1 little food need be given in addition4 ,the most proper situation for a globe of fish is near a window1 but not in the direct rays of the sun4 #ciga4 ,squirrels4--,in a domestic state these little animals are fed with hazel nuts1 or indeed any kind of nuts2 and occasionally bread and milk4 ,they should be kept very clean4 #cigb4 ,birdlime4--,take any quantity of linseed oil1 say half a pint2 put it into an old pot1 or any vessel that will stand the fire without breaking2 the vessel must not be more than one-third full1 put it on a slow fire1 stir it occasionally until it thickens as much as required2 this will be known by cooling the stick in water1 and trying it with the fingers4 ,it is best to make it rather harder than for use4 ,then pour it into cold water4 ,it can be brought back to the consistency required with a little ,archangel tar4 #cigc4 ,pet ,dogs should never be washed with soap4 ,they should be washed with beaten eggs1 and afterward washed with warm water4 ,the best way to keep a dog healthy is to let him have plenty of exercise1 and not to over-feed him4 #cigd4 ,drink4--,let them at all times have a plentiful supply of clean water1 and encourage them to take to swimming1 as it assists their cleanliness4 ,washing4--,when you wash them do not use a particle of soap1 or you will prevent their licking themselves1 and they may become habitually dirty4 #cige4 ,feeding4--,properly-treated dogs1 should be fed only once a day4 ,meat boiled for dogs and the liquor in which it is boiled1 thickened with barley-meal1 or oatmeal1 forms capital food4 #cigf4 ,sickness4--,the distemper is liable to attack dogs from four months to four years old4 ,it prevails most in spring and autumn4 ,the disease is known by dulness of the eye1 husky cough1 shivering1 loss of appetite and spirits1 and fits4 ,when fits occur1 the dog will most likely die1 unless a veterinary surgeon is called in4 #cigg4 ,remedies4--,during the distemper1 dogs should be allowed to run on the grass2 their diet should be spare2 and a little sulphur be placed in their water4 ,chemists who dispense cattle medicines can generally advise with sufficient safety upon the diseases of dogs1 and it is best for unskillful persons to abstain from physicking them4 #cigh4 ,hydrophobia4--,hydrophobia is the most dreadful of all diseases4 ,the first symptoms are attended by thirst1 fever1 and languor4 ,the dog starts convulsively in his sleep1 and when awake1 though restless1 is languid4 #cigi4 ,treatment4--,when a dog is suspected1 he should be firmly chained in a place where neither children nor dogs nor cats can get near him4 ,any one going to attend him should wear thick leather gloves1 and proceed with great caution4 ,when a dog snaps savagely at an imaginary object1 it is almost a certain indication of madness2 and when it exhibits a terror of fluids1 it is confirmed hydrophobia4 #cihj4 ,music4--,some dogs exhibit a great dislike of musical sounds1 and when this is the case they are too frequently made sport of4 ,but it is dangerous sport1 as dogs have sometimes been driven mad by it4 ,in many diseases dogs will be benefitted by warm baths4 #ciha4 ,mange4--,the mange is a contagious disease1 which is difficult to get rid of when once contracted4 ,the best way is to apply to a veterinary chemist for an ointment1 and to keep applying it for some time after the disease has disappeared1 or it will break out again4 #cihb4 ,cats4--,it is generally supposed that cats are more attached to places than to individuals1 but this is an error4 ,they obstinately cling to certain places1 because it is there they expect to see the persons to whom they are attached4 ,a cat will return to an empty house1 and remain in it many weeks4 ,but1 when at last she finds that the family does not return1 she strays away1 and if she chances then to find the family1 she will abide with them4 #cihc4 ,rules1 c4--,the same rules of feeding which apply to dogs apply also to cats4 ,they should not be over-fed1 nor too frequently4 ,cats are liable to the same diseases as dogs2 though they do not become ill so frequently4 ,a little brimstone in their milk occasionally1 is a good preventive4 ,the veterinary chemist will also prescribe for the serious diseases of cats4 ,,swimming4 #cihd4 ,the art of swimming is1 in fact1 very easy1 and those persons who take the few brief hints we are about to offer1 will soon find themselves rewarded by complete success4 #cihe4 ,the first consideration is not to attempt to learn to swim too soon4 ,that is1 you must not expect to succeed in your efforts to swim until you have become accustomed to the water1 and have overcome your repugnance to the coldness and novelty of bathing4 ,every attempt will fail until you have acquired a certain confidence in the water1 and then the difficulty will soon vanish4 #cihf4 ,dr4 ,franklin's ,advice to ,swimmers4--,the only obstacle to improvement in this necessary and life-preserving art1 is fear2 and it is only by overcoming this timidity that you can expect to become a master of the following acquirements4 #cihg4 ,it is very common for novices in the art of swimming to make use of corks or bladders to assist in keeping the body above water2 some have utterly condemned the use of them2 however1 they may be of service for supporting the body1 while one is learning what is called the stroke1 or that manner of drawing in and striking out the hands and feet1 that is necessary to produce progressive motion4 #cihh4 ,the practice ,i mean is this3 choosing a place where the water deepens gradually1 walk coolly into it till it is up to your breast2 then turn round your face to the shore1 and throw an egg into the water between you and the shore2 it will sink to the bottom1 and be easily seen there if the water is clean4 #cihi4 ,it must lie in the water so deep that you cannot reach to take it up but by diving for it4 #ciij4 ,to encourage yourself1 in order to do this1 reflect that your progress will be from deep to shallow water1 and that at any time you may1 by bringing your legs under you1 and standing on the bottom1 raise your head far above the water2 then1 plunge under with your eyes open1 which must be kept open before going under1 as you cannot open the eyelids for the weight of water above you2 throwing yourself toward the egg1 and endeavoring1 by the action of your hands and feet against the water1 to get forward till within reach of it4 ,in this attempt you will find that the water buoys you up against your inclination2 that it is not so easy to sink as you imagine2 and that you cannot1 but by active force get down to the egg4 #ciia4 ,thus you feel the power of water to support you1 and learn to confide in that power while your endeavors to overcome it and reach the egg1 teach you the manner of acting on the water with your feet and hands1 which action is afterward used in swimming to support your head higher above the water1 or to go forward through it4 #ciib4 ,the exercise of swimming is one of the most healthy and agreeable in the world4 #ciic4 ,let every boy and girl1 if possible1 be taught this healthful and life-preserving art4 #ciid4 ,life-,belts4--,an excellent and cheap life-belt1 for persons proceeding to sea1 bathing in dangerous places1 or learning to swim1 may be thus made3-- #ciie4 ,take a yard and three-quarters of strong jean1 double and divide it into nine compartments4 ,let there be a space of two inches after each third compartment4 #ciif4 ,fill the compartments with very fine cuttings of cork1 which may be made by cutting up old corks1 or 7still better7 purchased at the cork-cutters4 #ciig4 ,work eyelet-holes at the bottom of each compartment to let the water drain out4 #ciih4 ,attach a neck-band and waist strings of stout boot-web1 and sew them on strongly4 #ciii4 ,another4--,cut open an old boa1 or victorine1 and line it with fine cork-cuttings instead of wool4 #djjj4 ,for ladies going to sea these are excellent1 as they may be worn in stormy weather1 without giving appearance of alarm in danger4 ,they may be fastened to the body by ribands or tapes1 of the color of the fur4 ,gentlemen's waistcoats may be lined the same way4 #djja4 ,rules to ,govern ,persons who have ,fallen into ,deep ,water4--#a4 ,as soon as you find yourself at the surface1 whither you are raised by your buoyancy1 let your body quickly take its level1 when the water will reach a little above your chin4 #djjb4 #b4 ,place one leg a little forward1 the other a little backward1 and stretch out your arms on either side under the water4 ,by a slight paddling motion you may regulate the position of your head1 and keep the mouth and nose above the surface of the surrounding fluid4 ,make no efforts1 but wait tranquilly until succor arrives4 ,you cannot sink4 #djjc4 #c4 ,do not lay hold of your companion or assistant1 or you will infallibly sink him without benefiting yourself4 ,the best swimmer has no more natural buoyancy than you1 and would be sunk by the exertion of very little force4 #djjd4 #d4 ,remain perfectly passive till your helper seizes you by the hair4 ,upon this endeavor to second his efforts by throwing yourself on your back4 ,hold your neck stiff1 and let the back of your head sink into the water4 ,try to propel yourself at this stage by regularly and slowly kicking against the water4 #djje4 #e4 ,be careful to keep every part of your body except your face under the water4 #f4 ,if two or more persons are immersed together1 let them keep near to each other4 ,by this means one boat may save the whole party at once2 but if they are dispersed1 one at a time only can be picked up4 #djjf4 ,rules to ,govern ,persons who ,attempt to ,rescue the ,drowning4--#a4 ,in removing a body from the water1 whether into a boat or drawing it along by your own efforts1 always keep the face upward4 #djjg4 #b4 ,recollect that you have no more buoyancy than the person you are attempting to rescue4 ,therefore do not attempt to raise him out of the water1 or you will sink4 ,by a gentle traction1 you may draw him toward the boat or landing-place without fatigue or danger4 #djjh4 #c4 ,always aim at seizing the hind hair of the head1 and keep the nape of the neck and your own arm under the water4 ,thus you will insure his face and your own being above the surface4 #djji4 #d4 ,keep your most powerful arm disengaged for swimming1 and maintain the other projected forward1 having hold1 as directed1 by the hind hair of the head4 ,in this way you may advance side by side1 he floating on his back1 and you on your breast4 #djaj4 #e4 ,as you approach the person distressed1 let him know by your voice2 the prospect of his speedy succor will add to his confidence and strength4 #djaa4 #f4 ,let all your movements be deliberate1 firm1 and gentle4 #djab4 #g4 ,hold the hat reversed in both hands1 the arms and hands of course under water4 ,if a person has presence of mind to accomplish this1 the hat will by its buoyancy afford him great assistance1 until it becomes saturated and admits the water4 #djac4 ,riding4--,to ride well on horseback is a healthful and very graceful accomplishment for a lady or gentleman4 #djad4 ,dress4--,the lady's riding dress should be of a material that rain will not spoil1 made to fit easily1 and by no means tight4 #djae4 ,the length should not exceed an ordinary dress more than from fourteen to eighteen inches4 #djaf4 ,to keep the front of the dress down1 sew small quantities of shot in bits of muslin1 tack these around the inside of the front breadth of the skirt1 at equal distances4 #djag4 ,the ,hat or cap should be as light as possible4 ,tie on securely4 #djah4 ,have no loose ribbons or strings flying about your cap or dress to frighten the horses4 #djai4 ,fasten your hair up securely1 and do not blind your eyes with curls4 #djbj4 ,gloves should be of a kind that will permit you to handle the reins easily4 #djba4 ,ride slowly4--,the true secret of learning to ride well is to ride slowly4 #djbb4 ,always ride slowly when you start1 and when returning1 you are near home4 #djbc4 ,ride slowly up hill and down hill4 ,let the reins be slack when ascending2 tighten them as you descend4 #djbd4 ,speak gently to your horse2 pat his neck1 and show kindness to him2 it is the surest and safest mode of management4 #djbe4 ,in crossing a river1 if the horse should have to swim1 be sure to let the rains fall loose4 ,do not attempt to hold up his head1 he cannot swim if you do4 #djbf4 ,on which side of a lady should a gentleman ride8--is often asked4 #djbg4 ,on the left4--,he can then protect and assist the lady much more advantageously than he would if riding on the right side of her horse4 #djbh4 ,a lady's horse should be fifteen or fifteen and a half hands high4 ,a hand is four inches4 #djbi4 ,how to judge a ,horse4--,if the color be light sorrel1 or chestnut1 his feet1 legs1 and face white1 these are marks of kindness4 #djcj4 ,if he is broad and full between the eyes1 he may be depended on as a horse of good sense1 and capable of being trained to any thing4 #djca4 ,as respects such horses1 the more kindly you treat them the better you will be treated in return4 ,nor will a horse of this description stand a whip1 if well fed4 #djcb4 ,if you want a safe horse1 avoid one that is dish-faced4 ,he may be so far gentle as not to scare2 but he will have too much go-ahead in him to be safe with everybody4 #djcc4 ,if you want one that will never give out1 never buy a large1 overgrown one4--7,see pages #aih1 #aii47 ,,home ,,counsels4 #djcd4 ,prudence4--,the great end of prudence is to give cheerfulness to those hours which splendor cannot gild1 and acclamation cannot exhilarate4 #djce4 ,to be happy at home is the ultimate result of all ambition2 the end to which every enterprise and labor tends1 and of which every desire prompts the prosecution4 #djcf4 ,it is indeed1 at home that every man and woman must be known1 by those who would make a just estimate of his virtue or felicity2 for smiles and embroidery are alike1 occasional1 and the mind is often dressed for show in painted honor and fictitious benevolence4--,dr4 ,johnson4 #djcg4 ,reading aloud1 speaking1 and particularly singing1 affords a healthful exercise2 while wind-instruments are injurious4 #djch4 ,to young ladies the habit of reading aloud has much to recommend it4 #djci4 ,as mere exercise1 it is highly beneficial on account of the strength and vigor which it confers on the chest and lungs2 while the mental pleasure derived therefrom is one of the most delightful that can adorn the family circle4 #djdj4 ,gathered around the winter's fire1 or evening lamp1 what could be more cheerful for the aged and infirm1 what more instructive to the younger branches1 or more exemplary to the careless1 than the reading aloud of some entertaining author4 #djda4 ,were females of all ranks to adopt the practice more than they do at present1 they would bind to their homes many who are disposed to go in search of unworthy enjoyments1 and would add another chain of delightful associations1 wherewith to attach the young to the family hearth4 #djdb4 ,fatuity from old age cannot be cured2 but may be prevented by employing the mind constantly in reading and in conversation in the evening of life4 #djdc4 ,a ,word to the ,young4---,never be cast down by trifles4 ,if a spider breaks his thread twenty times1 twenty times will he mend it again4 #djdd4 ,make up your minds to do a thing and you will do it4 ,fear not if a trouble comes upon you2 keep up your spirits1 though the day be a dark one4 #djde4 ,if the sun is going down1 look up to the stars4 ,if the earth is dark1 keep your eye on ,heaven6 ,with ,god's promises1 a man or child may be cheerful4 #djdf4 ,mind what you run after6 ,never be content with a bubble that will burst1 firewood that will end in smoke and darkness4 #djdg4 ,get that which you can keep1 and which is worth keeping4 ,fight hard against a hasty temper4 ,anger will come1 but resist it strongly4 ,a fit of passion may give you cause to mourn all the days of your life4 #djdh4 ,never revenge an injury4 ,if you have an enemy1 act kindly to him and make him your friend4 ,you may not win him over at once1 but try again4 ,let one kindness be followed by another1 till you have compassed your end4 ,by little and little1 great things are completed2 and repeated kindness will soften a heart of stone4 #djdi4 ,whatever you do1 do it willingly4 ,a boy that is whipped to school never learns his lessons well4 ,a man who is compelled to work cares not how badly it is performed4 #djej4 ,he that pulls off his coat cheerfully1 strips up his sleeves in earnest1 and sings while he works1 is the man of action4 #djea4 ,the ,voice4--,in ordinary conversation1 the modulation and proper management of the voice is a point worthy of the attention of young ladies2 for a fine and melodious voice1 sweet as music on the waters1 makes the heart-strings vibrate to the very core4 #djeb4 ,the thin1 small voice is the most difficult to manage1 as it is liable to degenerate into shrillness2 and ladies who have this kind of voice must keep strict guard over their temper1 when within hearing of any one on whom they may wish to make a favorable impression2 for the very idea of a shrill-voiced scold makes us place our hands to our ears4 #djec4 ,but with a sweet temper1 a pretty little harmonious voice is pleasing enough4 ,always recollect1 however1 that affectation1 constraint1 or striving for effect1 is the certain ruin of the prettiest voice in the world4 #djed4 ,utility of ,singing4--,it is asserted1 and we believe with some truth1 that singing is a corrective of the too common tendency to pulmonic complaints4 #djee4 ,dr4 ,rush1 an eminent physician1 observes on this subject3--,the ,germans are seldom afflicted with consumption2 and this1 ,i believe1 is in part occasioned by the strength which their lungs acquire by exercising them in vocal music1 for this constitutes an essential branch of their education4 #djef4 ,the music master of an academy has furnished a remark still more in favor of this opinion4 ,he had known several instances of persons who were strongly disposed to consumption1 who were restored to health by the exercise of their lungs in singing4 #djeg4 ,music4--,had ,i children1 my utmost endeavor should be to teach them music4 ,considering ,i have no ear1 nor ever thought of music1 the preference seems odd1 and yet it is embraced on frequent reflection4 ,in short1 my aim would be to make them happy4 ,i think it the most probable method4 #djeh4 ,music is a resource which will last them their lives unless they grow deaf2 it depends upon themselves1 not on others2 always amuses and soothes1 if not consoles2 and of all fashionable pleasures1 it is the cheapest4 ,it is capable of fame1 without the danger of criticism2 is susceptible of enthusiasm1 and is sure of being gratified in ,heaven4--,horace ,walpole4 #djei4 ,spectacles--,use of4--,the following rules will enable any one to judge whether his eye-sight may be assisted or preserved by the use of glasses4 #djfj4 ,when we are obliged to remove small objects to a distance from the eye to see them distinctly4 #djfa4 ,if we need more light than formerly1 as1 for instance1 if we place the candle between the eye and the object4 #djfb4 ,if1 on attentively considering a neat object1 it fatigues the eye1 and becomes confused1 or has a kind of mist before it4 #djfc4 ,when small printed letters seem to run into each other1 and1 by looking steadfastly on them1 appear double or treble4 #djfd4 ,if the eyes are so fatigued by a little exercise1 that we are obliged to shut them from time to time4 #djfe4 ,when these circumstances occur1 either separately or together1 glasses should be immediately resorted to2 otherwise the sight will be liable to be injured by the constant effort required4 ,,parlor ,,amusements4 #djff4 ,riddles4--,it may be asked1 ,what is a riddle8 ,ah6 what is it8 ,that's just the rub6 ,well1 then1 it is a queer affair1 without shape1 size1 humanity1 compassion1 breath1 or sex4 ,it is caressed1 abused1 courted1 slighted1 jostled1 hustled1 and1 notwithstanding all that is said against it1 universally looked upon as a welcome guest when it is not in a dull mood4 #djfg4 ,the oldest riddle on record is that put forth by ,samson 7,judges xiv47--,out of the eater came forth meat1 and out of the strong came forth sweetness4 ,his solution is well known1 as it is explained in the same chapter4 #djfh4 ,m4 ,voltaire's ,riddle4--,what is the longest1 and yet the shortest thing in the world2 the swiftest and the most slow2 the most divisible and the most extended2 the least valued1 and the most regretted2 without which nothing can be done2 which devours every thing1 however small1 and yet gives life and spirit to all things however great8 ,answer--,time4 #djfi4 ,enigmas may be founded upon simple catches1 like conundrums1 in which form they are usually called ,riddles1 such as-- ,though you set me on foot1 ,i shall be on my head4 #djgj4 ,the answer is1 ,a nail in a shoe4 #djga4 ,ancient ,enigma4--,the ancients fabled a monster whom they named the ,,sphinx1 and whom they described as having the head and breasts of a woman1 the body of a dog1 the tail of a serpent1 the wings of a bird1 the paws of a lion1 and a human voice4 #djgb4 ,this monster1 it was said1 was sent into the neighborhood of ,thebes by ,juno1 who wished to punish the family of ,cadmus4 ,it was further stated1 that he laid this part of ,botia under continual alarms1 by proposing enigmas1 and devouring the inhabitants if unable to explain them4 #djgc4 ,also1 that as the calamity of this monster was become an object of public concern1 and as the successful explanation of an enigma would end in the death of the ,sphinx1 ,creon promised his crown and ,jocasta to him who succeeded in the attempt4 #djgd4 ,the enigma proposed was this3-- ,what animal in the morning walks on four feet1 at noon on two1 and in the evening on three8 #djge4 dipus solved the enigma--on which the monster dashed his head against a rock1 and perished4 #djgf4 ,answer--,,man2 in the morning1 or days of infancy1 he crawls1 or walks on all-fours2 at noon1 or in the days of youth and middle age1 he uses two feet only2 in the evening1 or in his old age1 he requires the support of a staff1 so that he may be said to walk upon three feet4 #djgg4 ,puzzles vary very much4 ,one of the simplest that we know is this3--,take away half of thirteen1 and let eight remain4 #djgh4 ,write ,,xiii on a slate1 or on a piece of paper--rub out the lower half of the figures1 and ,,viii will remain4 #djgi4 ,what are termed practical puzzles are cut out of wood1 cardboard1 ivory1 c41 and may be purchased at the toyshops4 #djhj4 ,the three ,jealous ,husbands4--,this is a very ingenious puzzle1 and should be performed with small counters of two different colors4 #djha4 ,three jealous husbands1 with their wives1 having to cross a small stream1 find a boat without an owner1 which is only sufficiently large to carry two persons at a time4 #djhb4 ,wanted to know1--how the six persons can transport themselves over the river in pairs1 so that no woman shall be left in company with any of the men unless her husband is present4 #djhc4 ,answer4--,at first two wives cross the river1 then one returns and takes over the remaining wife2 after which she recrosses1 and stays with her husband1 and the two husbands cross over4 ,then a husband and wife come back1 and the two husbands cross4 ,then the wife returns and takes over one of the others1 and lastly the husband of the remaining one comes back for his wife4 #djhd4 ,arithmetical ,puzzle4--,arrange the figures #a to #i in such order that1 by adding them together1 they amount to #ajj4 #ae #cf #dg ,it is done thus3-- -- #ih #b --- #ajj #djhe4 ,the ,charade is a poetical or other composition founded upon a word1 each syllable of which constitutes a noun1 and the whole of which word constitutes another noun1 of somewhat a different meaning from those supplied1 by its separate syllables4 #djhf4 ,words which fully answer these conditions are the best for the purposes of charades2 though many other words are employed4 #djhg4 ,in writing1 the first syllable is termed ,my first1 the second syllable1 ,my second1 and the complete word1 ,my whole4 #djhh4 ,charade4-- ,my first a mineral1 ,england can produce1 ,much prized for ornament as well as use2 ,it adds new beauty to our cottage homes1 ,and to the fireside of the wealthy comes4 ,my second is a rough and boisterous thing1 ,and much calamity and woe may bring2 ,my whole is but a little fluttering bird1 ,which near to men's abode is often heard4 #djhi4 ,answer4--,sparrow4 #djij4 ,ventriloquism4--,the main secret of ventriloquism simply consists in first making a strong and deep inspiration1 by which a considerable quantity of air is introduced into the lungs1 to be afterward acted upon by the flexible powers of the larynx1 or cavity situated behind the tongue and the windpipe2 thus prepared1 the expiration should be slow and gradual4 ,any person1 by practice can1 therefore1 obtain more or less expertness in this exercise1 in which1 though not apparently1 the voice is still modified by the mouth and tongue2 and it is in the concealment of this aid that much of the perfection of ventriloquism lies4 #djia4 ,curious ,facts4--,if a tallow candle be placed in a gun and be shot at a door1 it will go through without sustaining any injury2 and if a musket-ball be fired into water1 it will rebound and be flattened as if fired against any hard substance4 #djib4 ,a musket-ball may be fired through a pane of glass1 and if the glass be suspended by a thread it will make no difference1 and the thread not even vibrate4 #djic4 ,the ,author4--,if you would write to any purpose1 you must be perfectly free from without1 in the first place1 and yet more free from within4 #djid4 ,give yourself the natural rein2 think on no pattern1 no patron1 no paper1 no press1 no public2 think on nothing1 but follow your own impulses4 #djie4 ,give yourself as you are1 what you are1 and how you see it4 ,every man sees with his own eyes1 or does not see at all4 ,this is incontrovertibly true4 #djif4 ,bring out what you have4 ,if you have nothing1 be an honest beggar rather than a respectable thief4 #djig4 ,letter-writing4--,great care and attention should be devoted to epistolary correspondence1 as nothing exhibits want of taste and judgment so much as a slovenly letter4 #djih4 ,postage4--,since the establishment of the cheap postage it is recognized as a rule that all letters should be prepaid2 indeed1 many persons make it a point of never taking in an unpaid letter4 #djii4 ,always put a stamp on your envelope at the top of the right-hand corner4 #dajj4 ,let the direction be written very plain2 this will save the postman trouble1 and facilitate business by preventing mistakes4 #daja4 ,at the head of your letter1 in the right-hand corner1 put your address in full1 with the day of the month underneath2 do not omit this1 though you may be writing to your most intimate friend three or four times a day4 #dajb4 ,what you have to say in your letter1 say as plainly as possible1 as if you were speaking2 this is the best rule2 do not revert three or four times to one circumstance1 but finish up as you go on4 #dajc4 ,let your signature be written as plainly as possible 7many mistakes will be avoided1 especially in writing to strangers7 and without any flourishes1 as they tend not to add in any way to the harmony of your letter4 #dajd4 ,a letter of introduction is to be enclosed in an unsealed envelope4 #daje4 ,in writing notes of invitation1 adhere to the old forms1 never use any unusual phrase or flourish about it4 #dajf4 ,in letters of ceremony employ the third person1 thus1 ,mr4 ,b4 requests the honor of ,mr4 ,a41 c4 #dajg4 ,romantic ladies are sentimental in their letters2 the warm-toned are passionate3 both styles are bad2 avoid them4 #dajh4 ,never be guilty of falsehood by the pen2 it is premeditated sin1 and seems worse than falsehood of speech4 #daji4 ,use no preamble in your letters1 come at once to the point1 state what you have to state1 and conclude4 #daaj4 ,neither sex should enter into long details1 or give vent to their feelings in letters4 ,they are always a standing memorial for1 or against--we must say generally against1 for it requires a peculiar talent to write a good letter4 #daaa4 ,if you write to a stranger for information1 or on your own business1 fail not to send a stamped envelope with your address1 plainly written2 this will not fail to procure you an answer4 #daab4 ,if you are not a good writer1 it is advisable to use the best ink1 the best paper1 and the best pens1 as1 though they may not alter the character of your handwriting1 yet they will assist to make your writing look better4 #daac4 ,the paper on which you write should be clean1 and neatly folded4 #daad4 ,there should not be stains on the envelope2 if otherwise1 it is only an indication of your own slovenliness4 #daae4 ,care should be taken in giving titled persons to whom you write1 their proper directions4 #daaf4 ,for a love letter1 good paper is indispensable4 ,when it can be procured1 that of a costly quality1 gold-edged1 perfumed1 or ornamented in the ,french style1 may be properly used4 #daag4 ,the letter should be carefully enveloped1 and nicely sealed with a fancy wafer--not a common one1 of course1 where any other can be had2 or1 what is better1 plain or fancy sealing-wax4 ,as all persons are more or less governed by first impressions and externals1 the whole affair should be as neat and elegant as possible4 #daah4 ,young ladies should never engage in correspondence with young gentlemen who are not near relations1 unless with the knowledge and consent of parents and guardians4 #daai4 ,a young lady should on no account correspond with a married man4 #dabj4 ,letters of business or inquiry may be sometimes properly addressed by a young lady to a married man--but when a correspondence becomes necessary1 then write to the wife1 not the husband4 #daba4 ,dress of ,children1 etc4--,at home nothing can be more foolish or more hurtful than to load a child with finery which confines it1 and which its every movement may destroy and spoil4 ,when at home or in the play-ground1 the simplest covering only is necessary1 so that it be strong and warm4 #dabb4 ,it is a vulgar error to suppose that children should be left bare as to their legs1 their chest1 and arms1 and that men and women1 who are so much stronger1 should be covered4 #dabc4 ,the truth is1 that more children die through the stupidity of their parents in this respect1 than from any single disease which can be mentioned4 #dabd4 ,i am certain1 says a great medical authority1 that half the deaths of children in the middle and upper classes of society is to be attributed to the vanity and ignorance of their parents4 #dabe4 ,i never see a poor child dressed as a young ,highlander1 or in any fancy dress1 with its uncomfortable look and naked appearance1 its poor bare knees and open neck1 but ,i prophecy for that child1 whilst ,i pity1 a future of colds1 coughs1 and throat disease1 and a probable death of consumption4 #dabf4 ,another important thing in the dress of children1 besides keeping them warmly clad1 is to keep them well1 though loosely shod4 ,the evils of a tight shoe or boot in a grown-up person is ten times multiplied in a child4 #dabg4 ,splay-feet1 knock-knees1 or bandy-legs1 are the consequence1 all of which the ignorant would certainly lay to nature1 though they are nothing but the production of an art as cruel as it is ignorant1 and which is entirely contrary to beauty of ,form1 or to ,,good ,,taste4 #dabh4 ,high ,shoulders4--,a medical correspondent of an ,english paper attributes the high shoulder and the lateral curvature of the spine1 which so frequently disfigures young girls1 to the shoulder straps of their dresses resting below the shoulder and on the muscles of the arm1 instead of being on the shoulder1 which compels the wearer to be constantly hitching her shoulders to keep up her dress1 an action that results in forcing up the shoulder1 a distortion of the chest1 and a lateral curvature of the spine4 #dabi4 ,he also states that from the dangerous practice1 and the consequent exposure of the chest to the cold1 that inward tubercles are formed1 and not unfrequently consumption is engendered4 #dacj4 ,sudden alterations of heat and cold are dangerous especially to the young and the aged4 #daca4 ,therefore1 clothing1 in quantity and quality1 should be adapted to the alternations of night and day1 and of the seasons4 #dacb4 ,and therefore1 also1 drinking cold water when the body is hot1 and hot tea and soups when cold1 are productive of many evils4 #dacc4 ,a bed-room1 or nursery1 ought to be spacious and lofty1 dry1 airy1 and not inhabited during the day4 #dacd4 ,no servants1 if possible1 should be suffered to sleep in the same room2 and no linen or washed clothes should ever be hung there to dry1 as they contaminate the air in which so considerable a portion of infantine life must be spent4 #dace4 ,the consequences attending a vitiated atmosphere in such rooms are various1 and often fatal4 #dacf4 ,change of apparel greatly promotes the secretion from the skin1 so necessary to health4 #dacg4 ,but no damp clothing should be worn1 nor damp linen put on the beds4 ,every thing should be well aired4 #dach4 ,feather-beds should be banished from nurseries1 as they are an unnatural and debilitating contrivance4 #daci4 ,the windows should seldom be opened at night1 but left open the whole day1 in fine1 clear weather4 ,a door into the sleeping room may be left open4 #dadj4 ,lastly1 the bedstead must not be placed too low on the floor2 nor is it proper to let children sleep on a couch which is made without any elevation from the ground2 because the most mephitic and pernicious stratum of air in an apartment1 is that within one or two feet from the floor1 while the most wholesome1 or atmospheric air1 is in the middle of the room1 and the inflammable gas ascends to the top4 #dada4 ,the power of ,kindness4--,soft words soften the soul4--,angry words are fuel to the flame of wrath1 and make it blaze more freely4 #dadb4 ,kind words make other people good-natured--cold words freeze people1 and hot words scorch them1 and bitter words make them bitter1 and wrathful words make them wrathful4 #dadc4 ,there is such a rush of all other kinds of words in our days1 that it seems desirable to give kind words a chance among them4 #dadd4 ,there are vain words1 and idle words1 and hasty words1 and spiteful words1 and silly words1 and empty words1 and profane words1 and boisterous words1 and warlike words4 #dade4 ,kind words also produce their own image on men's souls1 and a beautiful image it is4 ,they sooth1 and quiet1 and comfort the hearer4 ,they shame him out of his sour1 and morose1 and unkind feelings4 ,we have not yet begun to use kind words in such abundance as they ought to be used4 #dadf4 ,gossiping4--,if you wish to cultivate a gossiping1 meddling1 censorious spirit in your children1 be sure when they come home from church1 a visit1 or any other place where you do not accompany them1 to ply them with questions concerning what everybody wore1 how everybody looked1 and what everybody said and did2 and if you find any thing in this to censure1 always do it in their hearing4 #dadg4 ,amusements for ,children4--,these should be provided4 ,children must play2 a large portion of their waking hours must be passed in action if we would make them healthy and happy4 #dadh4 ,school and study should not occupy more than three hours of the day1 till the child is over ten years of age4 #dadi4 ,out door play is best for children when the season and weather will permit4 #daej4 ,in door1 one of the best exercises for children and youth is dancing4 #daea4 ,let your children learn to dance4 #daeb4 ,the abuse of the art can be avoided1 and its benefits are great4 #daec4 ,terms used to describe the movements of dances-- #daed4 ,balancez--,set to partners4 #daee4 ,chaine ,anglaise--,the top and bottom couples right and left4 #daef4 ,chaine ,anglaise double--,the right and left double4 #daeg4 ,chaine des dames--,the ladies' chain4 #daeh4 ,chaine des dames double--,the ladies' chain double1 which is performed by all the ladies commencing at the same time4 #daei4 ,chassez--,move to the right and left4 #dafj4 ,chassez croisez--,gentlemen change places with partners1 and back again4 #dafa4 ,demie ,chaine ,anglaise--,the four opposite persons half right and left4 #dafb4 ,demie ,promenade--,all eight half promenade4 #dafc4 ,dos--dos--,the two opposite persons pass round each other4 #dafd4 ,demie ,moulinet--,the ladies all advance to the centre1 giving hands and return to places4 #dafe4 ,la grand chaine--,all eight chassez quite round1 giving alternately right and left hands to partners1 beginning with the right4 #daff4 ,le grand rond--,all join hands and advance and retire twice4 #dafg4 ,pas d',allemande--,the gentlemen turn the partners under their arms4 #dafh4 ,traversez--,the two opposite persons change places4 #dafi4 ,vis--vis--,the opposite partner4 #dagj4 ,la ,galopade--,is an extremely graceful and spirited dance in a continual chassez4 ,an unlimited number may join2 it is danced in couples as waltzing4 ,this is a pretty dance for children4 ,,the ,,training ,,of ,,daughters1 ,,etc4 #daga4 ,make them religious2 the foundation of all excellence is in true piety of the heart4 ,mothers1 who wish not only to discharge well their own duties in the domestic circle1 but to train up their daughters at a later day to make happy and comfortable firesides for their families1 should watch well1 and guard well1 the notions which they imbibe1 and with which they grow up4 #dagb4 ,one main falsity abroad in this age is the notion1 that women1 unless compelled to it by absolute poverty1 are out of place when engaged in domestic affairs4 #dagc4 ,let mothers avoid such danger4 ,if they would do so1 they must bring up their daughters from the first with the idea that in this world it is required to give as well as to receive1 to minister as well as to enjoy2 that every person is bound to be useful1 practically1 literally useful1 in his or her sphere4 #dagd4 ,woman's sphere is the house--her home2 its concerns and demands3 these are her first duties4 #dage4 ,once really imbued with this belief1 and taught to see how much the happiness of woman herself1 as well as her family1 depends on this part of her discharge of duty1 a young girl will usually be anxious to learn all that her mother is disposed to teach4 #dagf4 ,she will be proud and happy to aid in any domestic occupations assigned to her1 which need never be made so heavy as to interfere with the peculiar duties of her age1 or its peculiar delights4 #dagg4 ,if a mother wishes to see her daughter become a good1 happy1 and rational woman1 never let her admit of contempt for domestic occupations1 or even suffer them to be deemed secondary4 ,they may be varied in character by station1 but they can never be secondary to a woman4 #dagh4 ,therefore teach your daughters to keep accounts1 so that they may learn the value of money4 #dagi4 ,teach them to work1 that they may not waste their time if rich1 nor be helpless if poor4 #dahj4 ,teach them cooking1 that they may guard against the waste of servants1 and be able to help themselves and others1 if necessary4 #daha4 ,educate the mind1 refine the taste1 and exalt the character1 by keeping the love of excellence1 in all they do1 before them4 #dahb4 ,then they will be fitted to shine in domestic and social life1 and to understand ,literature1 ,art1 and ,science1 as these conduce to goodness and happiness4 #dahc4 ,the ,mother at ,home4--,by the quiet fireside at home1 the true mother1 in the midst of her children1 is sowing as in the vases of the earth1 the seeds of plants that shall some time give to ,heaven the fragrance of their blossoms1 and whose fruit shall be to us a rosary of angelic deeds1 the noblest offering that she can make through the ever ascending and expanding souls of her children to her ,maker4 #dahd4 ,every word that she utters goes from heart to heart with a power of which she little dreams4 ,philosophers tell us in their speculations that we cannot lift a finger without moving distant spheres4 #dahe4 ,solemn is the thought that every word that falls from a mother's lip1 every expression of her countenance1 may leave an indelible impress upon the young souls about her1 and form the underlaying strain of that education which peoples ,heaven with celestial beings1 and gives to the white brow of the angel1 next to the grace of ,god1 its crown of glory4 #dahf4 ,teach your ,children ,obedience4 ,it is unspeakable what a blessing it is to a child1 what a saving of unhappiness and wickedness in after life1 to be early taught absolute obedience2 there must be no hesitating or asking why1 but what a mother says must at once be done4 #dahg4 ,the young twig bends easily1 but remember1 that in after years it grows hard1 and will break before you bend it4 ,a little steadiness at first will save you many years' sorrow4 #dahh4 ,while you insist upon obedience1 however1 you must take care that you do not provoke a child1 and tempt it to disobedience by unreasonable and foolish commands4 #dahi4 ,provoke not your children to wrath2 and when it is necessary to punish them1 see that it never be done violently and in a passion1 but as a duty4 #daij4 ,going in ,debt4--,a lady should never go in debt1 unless she is sure of having the means of payment4 #daia4 ,shopping4--,never go shopping for amusement--you rob the shopkeeper of his time and waste your own4 #daib4 ,a young lady at home can find or make pleasant amusements2 one of the most healthful is the study of botany or flowers4 #daic4 ,a garden1 or rather the fields and woods1 will be filled with new interest if you love the flowers1 and can read their history4 #daid4 ,the language of flowers has been studied and arranged by the people of the ,east4 ,a few specimens of this may be admitted here1 as an amusement for those who are idle or curious4 ,,sentiments ,,of ,,flowers4 #daie4 ,what each flower enumerated signifies when sent to a friend or lover4 #daif4 ,almond1 flowering--,concealed love4 #daig4 ,althea1 ,frutex--,i am deeply in love4 #daih4 ,amaranth--,immortality1 or piety4 #daii4 ,anemone--,fading hope4 #dbjj4 ,arbor-,vit--,unchanging friendship4 #dbja4 ,auricula1 ,scarlet--,pride4 ,you are proud4 #dbjb4 ,bachelor's ,button--,hope in love4 #dbjc4 ,balm--,i long for your society4 #dbjd4 ,balsamine--,impatience2 or1 pray come4 #dbje4 ,bay ,leaf--,i change but in dying4 #dbjf4 ,box--,i believe in your constancy4 #dbjg4 ,buttercup--,riches4 ,you are rich4 #dbjh4 ,calla ,ethiopica--,magnificent beauty4 #dbji4 ,carnation--,pride and beauty4 #dbaj4 ,camelia ,japonica--,surpassing excellence4 #dbaa4 ,cedar--,think of me4 #dbab4 ,china ,astar--,caprice4 #dbac4 ,cypress--,despair1 and without hope4 #dbad4 ,dahlia--,dignity--,i will sustain it4 #dbae4 ,daisy--,youthful beauty4 #dbaf4 ,dandelion--,coquetry1 ,i accuse you of4 #dbag4 ,eglantine--,i wound to heal4 #dbah4 ,forget-me-not--,true love forever4 #dbai4 ,fox-glove--,insincerity4 ,you are false4 #dbbj4 ,geranium--,gentility and elegance4 #dbba4 ,gilly-,flower--,thou art fair4 #dbbb4 ,golden ,rod--,encouragement4 ,you will succeed4 #dbbc4 ,grass--,submission4 #dbbd4 ,heart's ,ease--,love in idleness4 #dbbe4 ,heliotrope--,devotion4 ,let us pray for each other4 #dbbf4 ,hellebore--,calumny4 ,you have listened4 #dbbg4 ,hollyhock--,ambition4 ,i seek glory4 #dbbh4 ,honeysuckle--,dost thou love me8 #dbbi4 ,houstonia--,content ever with thee4 #dbcj4 ,hyacinth1 ,purple--,sorrow4 ,i am sad4 #dbca4 ,hydrangea--,heartlessness4 #dbcb4 ,ivy--,wedded love4 ,we are happy4 #dbcc4 ,jasmine1 ,white--,i desire a return of my affection4 #dbcd4 ,larkspur--,haughtiness4 #dbce4 ,laurel--,ambition4 ,i will win4 #dbcf4 ,laurustinus--,a token4 ,pray remember4 #dbcg4 ,lavender--,acknowledgment4 #dbch4 ,lilac--,fastidiousness4 #dbci4 ,lily1 ,white--,purity and beauty4 #dbdj4 ,magnolia--,you are beautiful4 #dbda4 ,marigold--,jealousy--,i have cause4 #dbdb4 ,mignionette--,i live for thee4 #dbdc4 ,moss--,patience1 or pray wait4 #dbdd4 ,oak-,leaf--,courage4 ,i will endure4 #dbde4 ,passion-,flower--,piety4 ,trust in ,god4 #dbdf4 ,periwinkle--,memory4 ,never forget4 #dbdg4 ,pink--,household love4 ,i am at home4 #dbdh4 ,poppy--,forgetfulness4 #dbdi4 ,primrose--,neglected merit4 #dbej4 ,rose--,love1 or ,i love you4 #dbea4 ,rue--,disdain4 ,go3 never return4 #dbeb4 ,saffron--,marriage--when8 #dbec4 ,snow-,drop--,faithful in adversity4 #dbed4 ,thyme--,thriftiness4 ,i am diligent4 #dbee4 ,tulip--,beautiful eyes4 ,look on me4 #dbef4 ,violet--,i dream of thee4 #dbeg4 ,willow--,forsaken--never more4 #dbeh4 ,wheat--,prosperity--,i wish thee4 #dbei4 ,yew--,penitence4 ,i am sorry4 #dbfj4 ,poisonous ,plants4--,plants with five stamens and one pistil1 with a dull-colored lurid carolla1 and a nauseous sickly smell1 are always poisonous4 ,as tobacco1 henbane1 nightshade1 thorn-apple4 ,umbelliferous plants of the aquatic kind1 and with a nauseous scent1 are always poisonous4 ,as water-hemlock1 cow-parsley4 #dbfa4 ,plants with labiate corollas and seeds in capsules1 are frequently poisonous4 ,as snap-dragon1 fox-glove4 #dbfb4 ,plants from which issue a milky juice on being broken1 are poisonous1 unless they bear compound flowers4 ,as milk-weed1 dogbane4 #dbfc4 ,plants having any appendage to the calyx or corolla1 and eight or more stamens1 are generally poisonous4 ,as columbine1 nasturtium4 #dbfd4 ,plants having twelve or more stamens1 and a nauseous sickly smell1 are generally poisonous4 #dbfe4 ,to ascertain the ,length of the ,day and ,night4--,at any time of the years add twelve hours to the time of the sun's setting1 and from the sum subtract the time of rising1 for the length of the day4 ,subtract the time of setting from twelve hours1 and to the remainder add the time of rising next morning1 for the length of the night4 ,these rules are equally true for apparent time4 #dbff4 ,leap ,year4--,leap years are those that are exactly divisible by four1 and also by #djj1 and not by #ajj4 ,the year #aijj1 therefore1 will not be a leap year4 #dbfg4 ,true ,time4--,two kinds of time are used in ,almanacs2 clock or mean time in some1 and apparent or sun time in others4 ,clock time is always right1 while sun time varies every day4 ,people generally suppose it is twelve o'clock when the sun is due south1 or at a properly made noon-mark4 ,but this is a mistake4 ,the sun is seldom on the meridian at twelve o'clock2 indeed this is the case only on four days of the year3 namely1 ,april #ae1 ,june #ae1 ,september #a1 and ,december #bd4 #dbfh4 ,the time when the sun is on the meridian or at the noon-mark is also given to the nearest second1 for every day in the year4 ,this affords a ready means of obtaining correct time and for setting a clock by using a noon-mark1 adding or subtracting as the sun is slow or fast4 #dbfi4 ,old-fashioned ,almanacs1 which use apparent time1 give the rising and setting of the sun's centre1 and make no allowance for the effect of refraction of the sun's rays by the atmosphere4 ,the more modern and improved ,almanacs1 which use clock time1 give the rising and the setting of the sun's upper limb1 and duly allow for refraction4 #dbgj4 ,velocity of ,sound and ,light4--,sound moves about thirteen miles in a minute4 ,so that if we hear a clap of thunder half a minute after the flash1 we may calculate that the discharge of electricity is six and a half miles off4 #dbga4 ,in one second of time--in one beat of the pendulum of a clock--light travels over #aib1jjj miles4 ,were a cannon ball shot toward the sun1 and it were to maintain full speed1 it would be twenty years in reaching it--and yet light travels through this space in seven or eight minutes4 ,,signs ,,of ,,the ,,weather4 #dbgb4 ,dew4--,if the dew lies plentifully on the grass after a fair day1 it is a sign of another4 ,if not1 and there is no wind1 rain must follow4 #dbgc4 ,a red evening portends fine weather2 but if it spreads too far upward from the horizon in the evening1 and especially in the morning1 it foretells wind or rain1 or both4 #dbgd4 ,when the sky1 in rainy weather1 is tinged with sea-green1 the rain will increase2 if with deep blue1 it will be showery4 #dbge4 ,clouds4--,against much rain1 the clouds grow bigger1 and increase very fast1 especially before thunder4 #dbgf4 ,when the clouds are formed like fleeces1 but dense in the middle and bright toward the edges1 with the sky bright1 they are signs of a frost1 with hail1 snow1 or rain4 #dbgg4 ,if clouds form high in the air1 in thin white trains like locks of wool1 they portend wind1 and probably rain4 #dbgh4 ,when a general cloudiness covers the sky1 and small black fragments of clouds fly underneath1 they are a sure sign of rain1 and probably it will be lasting4 ,two currents of clouds always portend rain1 and1 in summer1 thunder4 #dbgi4 ,heavenly ,bodies4--,a haziness in the air1 which fades the sun's light1 and makes the orb appear whitish1 or ill-defined--or at night1 if the moon and stars grow dim1 and a ring encircles the former1 rain will follow4 #dbhj4 ,if the sun's rays appear like ,moses' horns--if white at setting1 or shorn of his rays1 or goes down into a bank of clouds in the horizon1 bad weather is to be expected4 #dbha4 ,if the moon looks pale and dim we expect rain2 if red1 wind2 and if of her natural color1 with a clear sky1 fair weather4 ,if the moon is rainy throughout1 it will be clear at the change1 and perhaps the rain return a few days after4 ,if fair throughout1 and rain at the change1 the fair weather will probably return on the fourth or fifth day4 #dbhb4 ,the ,weather and the ,blood4--,in dry1 sultry weather the heat ought to be counteracted by means of a cooling diet4 ,to this purpose1 cucumbers1 melons1 and juicy fruit are subservient4 #dbhc4 ,we ought to give the preference to such alimentary substances as lead to contract the juices which are too much expanded by the heat1 and the property is possessed by all acid food and drink4 #dbhd4 ,to this class belong all sorts of salad1 lemons1 oranges1 pomegranates sliced and sprinkled with sugar1 for the acid of this fruit is not so apt to derange the stomach as that of lemons2 also cherries and strawberries1 curds turned with lemon acid or cream of tartar2 cream of tartar dissolved in water--lemonade and ,rhenish or ,moselle wine mixed with water4 ,,air--,,its ,,effects ,,on ,,life4 #dbhe4 ,what is carbonic acid gas8 #dbhf4 ,a gas formed by the union of carbon and oxygen4 ,it used to be called fixed air4 #dbhg4 ,under what circumstances does carbon most readily unite with oxygen8 #dbhh4 #a4 ,when its temperature is raised3 thus1 if carbon be red-hot1 oxygen will most readily unite with it2 and #b4 ,when it forms part of the fluid blood4 #dbhi4 ,why do oxygen and carbon so readily unite in the blood8 #dbij4 ,because the atoms of carbon are so loosely attracted by the other materials of the blood1 that they unite very readily with the oxygen of the air inhaled4 #dbia4 ,is carbonic acid wholesome8 #dbib4 ,no3 it is fatal to animal life3 and 7whenever it is inhaled7 acts like a narcotic poison--producing drowsiness1 which sometimes ends in death4 #dbic4 ,how can any one know if a place be infested with carbonic acid gas8 #dbid4 ,if a pit or well contain carbonic acid1 a candle 7let down into it7 will be instantly extinguished4 ,the rule1 therefore1 is this--,where a candle will burn1 a man can live2 but what will extinguish a candle1 will also destroy life4 #dbie4 ,why does a miner lower a candle into a mine before he descends8 #dbif4 ,because the candle will be extinguished1 if the mine contains carbonic acid gas2 but if the candle is not extinguished1 the mine is safe1 and the man may fearlessly descend4 #dbig4 ,why does a crowded room produce headache8 #dbih4 ,because we breathe the air vitiated by the crowd4 #dbii4 ,why is the air of a room vitiated by a crowd8 #dcjj4 ,because it is deprived of its due proportion of oxygen1 and laden with carbonic acid4 #dcja4 ,how is the air of a room affected thus by a crowd8 #dcjb4 ,the elements of the air 7inhaled by the breath7 are separated in the lungs2--the oxygen is converted in the blood into carbonic acid2 and the carbonic acid 7together with the nitrogen7 is then thrown off by the breath into the room4 #dcjc4 ,why is country air more pure than the air in cities8 #dcjd4 #a4 ,because there are fewer inhabitants to vitiate the air3 #b4 ,there are more trees to restore the equilibrium of the vitiated air3 and #c4 ,the free circulation of air keeps it pure and wholesome2 in the same way as running streams are pure and wholesome1 while stagnant waters are the contrary4 #dcje4 ,why does the scantiness of a country population render the country air more pure8 #dcjf4 ,because the fewer the inhabitants the less carbonic acid will be exhaled2 and thus country people inhale pure oxygen1 instead of air impregnated with the narcotic poison1 called carbonic acid gas4 #dcjg4 ,why do trees and flowers help to make country air wholesome8 #dcjh4 #a4 ,because trees and flowers absorb the carbonic acid generated by the lungs of animals1 putrid substances1 and other noxious exhalations3 and #b4 ,trees and flowers restore to the air the oxygen which has been inhaled by man and other animals4 #dcji4 ,why is the air of cities less wholesome than the country air8 #dcaj4 #a4 ,because there are more inhabitants to vitiate the air3 #b4 ,the sewers1 drains1 bins1 and filth of a city1 very greatly vitiate the air3 #c4 ,the streets and alleys prevent a free circulation3 and #d4 ,besides all this1 there are fewer trees to absorb the excess of carbonic acid gas1 and restore the equilibrium4 #dcaa4 ,why are persons who live in close rooms and crowded cities generally sickly8 #dcab4 ,because the air they breathe is not pure1 but is 7in the first place7 defective in oxygen3 and 7in the second7 impregnated with carbonic acid gas4 #dcac4 ,where does the carbonic acid of close rooms and cities come from8 #dcad4 ,from the lungs of the inhabitants1 the sewers1 drains1 and other like places1 in which organic substances are undergoing decomposition4 #dcae4 ,what becomes of the carbonic acid of crowded cities8 #dcaf4 ,some of it is absorbed by vegetables2 and the rest is blown away by the wind1 and diffused through the whole volume of the air4 #dcag4 ,does not this constant diffusion of carbonic acid affect the purity of the whole air8 #dcah4 ,no2 because it is wafted by the wind from place to place1 and absorbed in its passage by the vegetable world4 #dcai4 ,what is choke damp8 #dcbj4 ,carbonic acid gas accumulated at the bottom of wells and pits1 which renders them noxious1 and often fatal to life4 #dcba4 ,offensive ,cesspools4--,sulphate of zinc can be purchased of any druggist1 in the form of a salt1 and a pound of it dissolved in two pails of warm water and thrown into an offensive cesspool1 will soon deodorize it4 #dcbb4 ,directions for ,pruning ,vines4--,in pruning always cut upward1 and in a sloping direction4 #dcbc4 ,always leave an inch of blank wood beyond a terminal bud1 and let the cut be on the opposite side of the bud4 #dcbd4 ,prune so as to leave as few wounds as possible1 and let the surface of every cut be perfectly smooth4 #dcbe4 ,in cutting out an old branch1 prune it even with the parent limb1 that the wound may heal quickly4 #dcbf4 ,prune so as to obtain the quantity of fruit desired on the smallest number of shoots possible4 #dcbg4 ,never prune in frosty weather1 nor when a frost is expected4 #dcbh4 ,never prune in the months of ,march1 ,april1 or ,may2 pruning in either of these months causes bleeding1 and occasions thereby a wasteful and injurious expenditure of sap4 #dcbi4 ,let the general autumnal pruning take place as soon after the #ast of ,october as the gathering of the fruit will permit4 ,lastly4 ,use a prying-knife of the best description2 and let it be1 if possible1 as sharp as a razor4 #dccj4 ,curious ,properties of some ,figures4--,to multiply by #b is the same as to multiply by #aj and divide by #e4 #dcca4 ,any number of figures you may wish to multiply by #e1 will give the same result if divided by #b--;a much quicker operation than the former2 but you must remember to annex a cipher to the answer where there is no remainder1 and where there is a remainder annex a #e to the answer4 #dccb4 ,thus1 multiply #dfd by #e1 the answer will be #bcbj2 divide the same number by #b1 and you have #bcb1 and as there is no remainder you add a cipher4 ,now1 take #ceg1 and multiply by #e--the answer is #aghe4 ,on dividing #ceg by #b1 there is #agh1 and a remainder2 you therefore place #e at the right of the line1 and the result is again #aghe4 #dccc4 ,there is something more curious in the properties of the number #i4 ,any number multiplied by #i produces a sum of figures which1 added together1 continually makes #i4 ,for example1 all the first multiples of #i1 as #ah1 #bg1 #cf1 #de1 #ed1 #fc1 #gb1 #ha1 sum up #i each4 ,each of them multiplied by any number whatever produces a similar result2 as #h times #ha are #fdh1 these added together make #ah1 #a and #h are #i4 ,multiply #fdh by itself1 the product is #dai1ijd--the sum of these digits is #bg1 #b and #g are #i4 ,the rule is invariable4 #dccd4 ,take any number whatever and multiply it by #i2 or any multiple of #i1 and the sum will consist of figures which1 added together1 continually number #i4 ,as #ag #ai #cjf1 #f and #c are #i2 #aag #bg #caei1 the figures sum up #ah1 #h and #a are #i2 #deia #gb #ccj1eeb1 the figures sum up #ah1 #h and #a are #i4 ,again1 #hg1cfc #ed #d1gag1dbb2 added together1 the product is #bg1 or #b and #g are #i1 and so always4 #dcce4 ,technical terms relative to ,books1 ,engravings1 etc3 #dccf4 ,books are distinguished according to the number of pages in a sheet of the paper on which they are printed2 as1 two leaves1 four pages1 folio2 four leaves1 eight pages1 quarto1 or #dto42 eight leaves1 sixteen pages1 octavo1 or #hvo42 twelve leaves1 twenty-four pages1 twelves1 duodecimo1 or #abmo42 sixteen leaves1 thirty-two pages1 sixteens1 or #afmo42 eighteen leaves1 thirty-six pages1 octodecimo1 eighteens1 or #ahmo4 #dccg4 ,the size of a book is determined by the size or designation of a sheet of the paper on which it is printed2 as foolscap #dto41 or #hvo42 post #hvo42 demy #hvo2 royal #hvo4 c4 #dcch4 ,the letters ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 c41 and the letters and figures1 ,a #b1 ,a #c1 ,a #d1 c41 at the bottoms of the first1 third1 fifth1 seventh1 c41 pages of printed sheets1 are marks for directing the printer1 bookseller1 and bookbinder in collecting1 collating1 folding and placing the sheets in proper order4 ,these marks are usually termed signatures4 #dcci4 ,when the page of a book is divided into two or more parts by a line or lines1 or blank spaces1 running from the top to the bottom1 each division is called a column4 ,this work is printed in columns4 #dcdj4 ,vignette is a ,french term1 designating the ornamental engraving1 without a border1 which is sometimes placed in the title-page of a book1 at the head or termination of a chapter1 c4 #dcda4 ,xylography is the art of engraving upon wood2 etching1 mezzotinto1 aquatinta1 are varieties of the art of engraving upon copper4 ,until within these few years1 copper and wood were the substances employed by engravers for book illustrations4 ,for certain purposes1 wood 7box-wood7 continues in the highest repute3 but copper has been in a great measure superseded by steel1 where a large number of impressions is required4 #dcdb4 ,electrography is a newly-discovered electrical process1 by which one copper plate may be expeditiously produced1 in fac simile from another4 #dcdc4 ,glyphography is a somewhat similar process1 by which1 through the action of the voltaic battery1 plates may be obtained from drawings1 affording impressions ad libitum4 #dcdd4 ,lithography is the art of taking impressions from drawings or writings made on prepared and highly-polished calcareous stone4 #dcde4 ,zincography is an adaptation of the same principle to plates of zinc4 ,all these processes are now extensively employed in the illustrations of books for various purposes4 ,,laws--,,importance ,,of ,,laws4 #dcdf4 ,every citizen should earnestly and constantly bear in mind the important fact1 that his only safety for person1 property1 liberty and life1 is in the absolute supremacy of the constitution and the laws4 #dcdg4 ,betting on ,elections4--,this is an extensive and pernicious evil1 alike injurious to the citizen and to the purity of elections4 ,all are interested in its suppression2 let all then unite in getting up and presenting petitions to the several ,state legislatures for the passage of a law similar to that introduced into the ,legislature of ,missouri against betters and stakeholders1 and fining both to the amount of money or property bet4 ,also punishing by fine any person who may publish a bet1 or assist in any way in making it4 #dcdh4 ,a decision in ,ohio makes proprietors of stages responsible for passengers' baggage1 notwithstanding their caution of ,all baggage at the risk of the owners4 #dcdi4 ,a ,non-resident4--,a person having a place of business in a city or town1 and boarding and lodging in another1 is a non-resident in his place of business4 #dcej4 ,titles of land derived under sales for taxes are declared good by ,supreme ,court of ,illinois4 #dcea4 ,a salesman receiving a per centage is not thereby constituted a partner4 #dceb4 ,breach of trust is where valuables are received in the course of employment1 for or in the name of the employer1 and embezzled2 but if the valuables have come to the possession of the employer1 the offense is larceny4 #dcec4 ,a husband is liable for goods furnished his wife1 if1 from ill-treatment or other sufficient cause1 she does not live with him2 but if she leave him from unjustifiable causes1 he is not liable even for necessaries1 whether the tradesman knows of such separation or not4 #dced4 ,erasing or altering an endorsement on a note is forgery4 #dcee4 ,a town is liable for damages occasioned by any obstruction placed on the road by human agency1 and is bound to make roads safe and convenient for travelers4 #dcef4 ,common ,carriers4--,the owners of a steamboat are responsible to shippers of goods as common carriers4 ,common carriers1 if they make a wrong delivery1 are responsible for any loss4 #dceg4 ,the owners of goods must have them properly marked1 and entered in carriers' books2 and if he neglects to do it1 he must bear the loss4 #dceh4 ,an account current rendered1 and accepted without objection being made in a reasonable time1 precludes objection afterward1 and makes it a stated account4 #dcei4 ,a will dictated and taken down in pencil only1 and signed by two witnesses1 is valid1 if deceased was in sound mind when he gave the instructions4 #dcfj4 ,wills4--,a will is an instrument in writing1 executed in form of law1 by which a person makes a disposition of his property1 to take effect after his death4 #dcfa4 ,a codicil is a supplement or addition to a will1 and by which the will is altered1 explained or added to1 but in no case wholly revoked4 #dcfb4 ,a bequest to a subscribing of a will is void4 #dcfc4 ,let every man about to make a will endeavor to make it as concise as possible2 and if he employs a lawyer1 agree to pay him1 not by the length1 but by the transaction4 ,let him keep in his mind that every trust or use he creates1 also creates the danger of a lawsuit4 ,every will should be dated on the day it is executed4 #dcfd4 ,it is also of the first importance that it should be prepared without blot or alteration1 or erasure1 for it is an instrument that may not come into operation for many years--of a surety not until the party best capable of explaining it1 the testator himself1 is removed from the scene of evidence1 and possibly not until both the writer of it1 and the witnesses1 have either ceased to exist1 or whose locality is not to be traced4 #dcfe4 ,homestead ,exemption4--,it has been truly1 as well as eloquently said1 that ,women are the ,corinthian pillars that adorn and support society2 the institutions that protect women throw a shield also around children2 and where women and children are provided for1 man must be secure in his rights4 #dcff4 ,from this radical law of society1 which makes the best interests of humanity dependent on the integrity and comfort of the ,homes of the ,people1 arises the necessity that legislation should protect the sacredness1 and insure the safety of the places where women and children dwell4 ,we hope that every ,state in our broad land will take heed of this paramount duty4 ,the following extracts exhibit the various qualifications of the ,homestead ,exemption ,laws now in force in the several ,states named3-- #dcfg4 ,maine4--,a lot of land1 a dwelling-house1 and out-buildings thereon1 or so much thereof as shall not exceed #ejjj in value4 #dcfh4 ,vermont4--,the homestead of every housekeeper1 or head of a family1 to the value of #ejj1 and the yearly products thereof4 #dcfi4 ,massachusetts4--,the lot and buildings thereon occupied as a residence1 to the value of #ejjj4 #dcgj4 ,new ,york4--,the lot and buildings thereon occupied as a residence1 to the value of #ejjj4 #dcga4 ,maryland4--,all real estate acquired by marriage during the life of a wife1 from execution for debt of husband4 #dcgb4 ,georgia4--,twenty acres of land1 including dwelling and improvements1 not to exceed #bjj2 and the additional amount of five acres for each child under fifteen years of age4 #dcgc4 ,florida4--,forty acres of land1 when not in any town or city1 and provided such does not exceed in value #djj4 #dcgd4 ,alabama4--,forty acres of land to every farmer2 and to every housekeeper1 residing in a town or city1 a house and lot not to exceed #cjjj in value4 #dcge4 ,texas4--,two hundred acres of land 7when not in any town lots71 not to exceed #bjjj in value4 #dcgf4 ,ohio4--,every family a homestead not to exceed #ejj in value4 #dcgg4 ,michigan4--,forty acres1 with dwelling-house and appurtenance1 when not in town or city2 if in town or city1 a lot or dwelling-house not to exceed in value #aejj4 #dcgh4 ,illinois4--,lot of ground and building occupied as a residence1 not exceeding in value #ajjj4 #dcgi4 ,iowa4--,forty acres of land1 not in town or city1 or a town or city lot not exceeding in amount one-fourth of an acre4 #dchj4 ,california4--,the homestead1 consisting of a quantity of land1 together with the dwelling-house thereon and its appurtenances1 and not exceeding in value the sum of #ejjj4 #dcha4 ,new ,jersey4--,a homestead to each head of a family1 being the family residence1 to the value of #ejj2 not to be assets in the hands of an administrator1 but to remain for the benefit of the widow1 and until the maturity of the minor child4 #dchb4 ,south ,carolina4--,a homestead of fifty acres of land1 including the dwelling-house and appurtenances1 not to exceed #ejj in value1 and to extend to any property situated within the limits of any city or town corporate4 #dchc4 ,arkansas has an homestead exemption4 #dchd4 ,pennsylvania4--,the amount of #cjj1 in real or personal property4 #dche4 ,other ,states may have exemption laws1 but ,i have not found any record4 #dchf4 ,naturalization ,laws4--,congress alone has power to make or regulate the laws of naturalization4 #dchg4 ,an alien must renounce1 in court1 allegiance1 c41 to any foreign power1 and declare his intention of becoming a citizen at least two years before admission4 ,must swear to support the ,constitution1 renounce any hereditary title or order of nobility1 and must have resided five years in the country1 and satisfy the court that he has behaved as a man of good moral character1 attached to the principles of the ,constitution of the ,united ,states1 and well disposed to the good order and happiness of the same4 #dchh4 ,children of naturalized citizens1 if under twenty-one years of age at the time of their parents' naturalization1 shall1 if dwelling in the ,united ,states1 be considered as citizens4 ,an alien1 having declared his intention1 and dying before he was naturalized1 his widow and children1 on taking the oaths prescribed1 shall be entitled to all the rights of citizenship4 #dchi4 ,receipts4--,a receipt is not conclusive evidence of payment1 but it throws the burden of proof upon him who attempts to impeach it4 #dcij4 ,receipts may be either in full of all demands1 for a special account1 in part payment of an account1 or for a special purpose4 #dcia4 ,the arrangement of the wording of a receipt is not important1 if the object and time be distinctly stated in it4 #dcib4 ,a general receipt in full of all demands is a discharge of all debts except special debts under seal4 #dcic4 ,the legality of signatures in pencil has ever been questioned4 #dcid4 ,account books1 notes or receipts1 written in pencil1 would not be respected in any law court4 #dcie4 ,in those ,states in which exemption laws are enforced1 the drawer of a promissory note may expressly waive all right of benefit from those laws4 ,conditions which the subscriber may add to a note of promise1 if accepted by the receiver1 holds good in every ,state1 unless they directly contravene local laws4 ,,phrenology4 #dcif4 ,the word is derived from two ,greek words1 signifying mind and doctrine or discourse4 #dcig4 ,phrenology designates that system of mental philosophy which treats of the special manifestation of minds4 #dcih4 ,phrenology teaches that the faculties of the mind have1 each one1 its special organ or place in the brain2 and that these organs1 in their aggregate1 constitute the brain4 ,therefore the brain is the organ of the mind4 #dcii4 ,powers of ,mind4--,these are manifested by the size and developments of the brain--when temperament1 health1 and opportunities are equal4 #ddjj4 ,the size of each organ measures the power of the faculty which is exercised by means of it4 #ddja4 ,each organ desires its own active gratification in proportion to its development1 the larger controlling the smaller4 #ddjb4 ,this is a brief outline of the science or study4 ,the general principles are1 more or less1 interwoven into our literature1 and influence our systems of education2 therefore the following may be found interesting and curious1 if not useful4 #ddjc4 ,heads3-- ,illustration3 7,the #ce regions in the brain47 #ddjd4 ,faculties of the ,mind4 #ddje4 ,of the ,feelings or ,affective ,faculties1 usually styled propensities4 #ddjf4 ,alimentativeness--,gives appetite for food4 ,it has been a question whether this organ was in the brain or the stomach1 therefore it is not numbered on the head4 #ddjg4 #a4 ,amativeness--,produces sexual love1 desire1 physical love4 #ddjh4 #b4 ,philoprogenitiveness--,love of children and young beings4 #ddji4 #c4 ,concentrativeness--,continues the mind on emotion or ideas4 #ddaj4 #d4 ,adhesiveness--,friendship1 sociability1 attachment generally4 #ddaa4 #e4 ,combativeness--,courage1 opposition1 intrepidity1 quarrelsomeness4 #ddab4 #f4 ,destructiveness--,desire to destroy1 torment2 harshness1 cruelty4 #ddac4 #g4 ,secretiveness--,concealment1 prudence1 cunning1 hypocrisy4 #ddad4 #h4 ,acquisitiveness--,desire to acquire property2 avarice1 selfishness4 #ddae4 #i4 ,constructiveness--,mechanical genius1 desire to build4 ,,sentiments--,,inferior ,,and ,,superior4 #ddaf4 #aj4 ,self-,esteem--,self-respect1 personal dignity1 pride1 haughtiness4 #ddag4 #aa4 ,approbativeness--,thirst for praise1 fame1 or glory2 ambition1 vanity4 #ddah4 #ab4 ,cautiousness--,circumspection1 timidity1 fear1 despondency4 #ddai4 #ac4 ,benevolence--,universal charity1 mildness of disposition4 #ddbj4 #ad4 ,veneration--,reverence1 superstitious adoration1 bigotry4 #ddba4 #ae4 ,firmness--,determination1 perseverance1 obstinacy1 resolution4 #ddbb4 #af4 ,conscientiousness--,love of truth1 sense of justice1 duty4 #ddbc4 #ag4 ,hope--,expects future good2 cherishes faith1 love of scheming4 #ddbd4 #ah4 ,wonder--,desire of novelty1 belief in the supernatural4 #ddbe4 #ai4 ,ideality--,love of the beautiful1 or excellent1 poetic feeling4 #ddbf4 #bj4 ,mirthfulness--,wit1 humor1 glee1 love of the ludicrous4 #ddbg4 #ba4 ,imitation--,expression in arts1 or action2 mimicry4 ,,intellect1 ,,or ,,knowing ,,and ,,reflecting ,,faculties4 #ddbh4 #bb4 ,individuality--,observes existences1 simple facts4 #ddbi4 #bc4 ,form--,observes configuration and the shape of bodies generally4 #ddcj4 #bd4 ,size--,gives the idea of space1 distance1 dimension4 #ddca4 #be4 ,weight--,perceives momentum1 resistance1 equilibrium4 #ddcb4 #bf4 ,coloring--,gives perception of colors1 and their harmonies4 #ddcc4 #bg4 ,locality--,gives the idea of relative position1 place4 #ddcd4 #bh4 ,number--,talent for calculation1 quickness in figures4 #ddce4 #bi4 ,order--,communicates the love of physical arrangement4 #ddcf4 #cj4 ,eventuality--,observes and remembers occurrences and events4 #ddcg4 #ca4 ,time--,perceives duration in nature1 time in music4 #ddch4 #cb4 ,tune--,sense of musical harmony1 melody4 #ddci4 #cc4 ,language--,verbal memory1 fluency in speech or writing4 #dddj4 #cd4 ,comparison--,discovers analogies and differences4 #ddda4 #ce4 ,causality--,traces the relation of cause and effect4 #dddb4 ,memory is merely a degree of activity of the knowing and reflecting organs1 each organ enabling the mind to recall the impressions which it served at first to receive4 #dddc4 ,judgment is the decision of #cd and #ce upon feelings and ideas furnished by the other faculties4 #dddd4 ,the faculties1 in themselves1 are instructive2 the moral sentiments and intellect being higher than the animal propensities4 #ddde4 ,temperaments4--,these are four in number1 viz3--,the ,nervous1 the ,bilious1 the ,sanguine1 and the ,lymphatic4 #dddf4 ,the ,nervous temperament is known by the person having fine1 thin hair1 usually brown2 thin1 pale or fair skin2 gray or dark blue eyes2 small muscles4 ,very active4 #dddg4 ,the ,bilious temperament has black hair and eyes1 dark or swarthy skin1 firm muscles1 strong features1 and great energy of will4 #dddh4 ,the ,sanguine temperament is fair and florid2 happy1 healthy countenance2 handsome in youth1 and hopeful in spirit always4 #dddi4 ,the ,lymphatic temperament has soft fat muscles2 pale or bloodless complexion2 slow and languid in action1 and usually dull or very easy in mind4 ,,synopsis ,,of ,,american ,,history4 #ddej4 ,showing the year in which each ,state was settled1 by what people1 the number of square miles1 and the capital of each ,state1 etc4 #ddea4 ,maine4--,settled #afcj1 by ,english2 #cf1jjj square miles2 capital1 ,augusta2 admitted into the ,union #ahbj4 #ddeb4 ,new ,hampshire4--,settled #afbc1 by ,english2 #i1ejj square miles2 capital1 ,concord2 one of the ,old ,thirteen4 #ddec4 ,massachusetts4--,settled #afbj1 by ,english2 #g1ejj square miles2 capital1 ,boston2 one of the ,old ,thirteen4 #dded4 ,vermont4--,settled #agdi1 by ,english2 square miles1 #aj1bjj2 capital1 ,montpelier2 admitted into the ,union #agia4 #ddee4 ,rhode ,island4--,settled #afcf1 by ,english2 #acej square miles2 capital1 ,providence and ,newport2 one of the ,old ,thirteen4 #ddef4 ,connecticut4--,settled #afcc1 by ,english2 #d1gfj square miles2 capital1 ,hartford and ,new ,haven2 one of the ,old ,thirteen4 #ddeg4 ,new ,york4--,settled #afad1 by ,dutch2 square miles1 #df1jjj2 capital1 ,albany2 one of the ,old ,thirteen4 #ddeh4 ,new ,jersey4--,settled #afbd1 by ,dutch and ,danes2 square miles1 #h1cjj2 capital1 ,trenton2 one of the ,old ,thirteen4 #ddei4 ,pennsylvania4--,settled #afhb1 by ,english2 square miles1 #dd1jjj2 capital1 ,harrisburg2 one of the ,old ,thirteen4 #ddfj4 ,delaware4--,settled #afbg1 by ,swedes and ,finns2 square miles1 #bajj2 capital1 ,dover2 one of the ,old ,thirteen4 #ddfa4 ,maryland4--,settled #afcd1 by ,english2 square miles1 #ad1jjj2 capital1 ,annapolis2 one of the ,old ,thirteen4 #ddfb4 ,virginia4--,settled #afjg1 by ,english2 square miles1 #fd1jjj2 capital1 ,richmond2 one of the ,old ,thirteen4 #ddfc4 ,north ,carolina4--,settled #afej1 by ,english2 square miles1 #dh1jjj2 capital1 ,raleigh2 one of the ,old ,thirteen4 #ddfd4 ,south ,carolina4--,settled #afhi1 by ,english2 square miles1 #bd1jjj2 capital1 ,columbus2 one of the ,old ,thirteen4 #ddfe4 ,georgia4--,settled #agcc1 by ,english2 square miles1 #fj1jjj2 capital1 ,milledgeville2 one of the ,old ,thirteen4 #ddff4 ,florida4--,for near two hundred years under ,spain1 was ceded to the ,united ,states in #ahai1 and the ,east and ,west formed one territory in #ahbb2 ,st4 ,augustine is the oldest town in the ,united ,states2 ,tallahasse is the capital2 ,pensacola1 ,u4 ,s4 naval station4 ,admitted into the ,union #ahde4 #ddfg4 ,ohio4--,settled #aghh1 by ,english2 square miles1 #ci1jjj2 capital1 ,columbus2 admitted into the ,union #ahjb4 #ddfh4 ,indiana4--,settled #agcj1 by ,french2 square miles1 #cf1jjj2 capital1 ,indianapolis2 admitted into the ,union #ahaf4 #ddfi4 ,illinois4--,settled #agdi1 by ,french2 square miles1 #eb1jjj2 capital1 ,springfield2 admitted into the ,union #ahah4 #ddgj4 ,missouri4--,settled #agfc1 by ,french2 square miles1 #fj1jjj2 capital1 ,jefferson city2 admitted into the ,union #ahba4 #ddga4 ,michigan4--,settled #afgj1 by ,french2 square miles1 #fe1jjj2 capital1 ,lansing2 admitted into the ,union #ahcf4 #ddgb4 ,iowa4--,settled by emigrants from other of the ,united ,states and ,germans2 square miles1 #aej1jjj2 capital1 ,iowa city2 admitted into the ,union #ahdf4 #ddgc4 ,wisconsin4--,settled by emigrants chiefly from ,new ,england and ,europe2 square miles1 #hj1jjj2 capital1 ,madison2 admitted into the ,union #ahdh4 #ddgd4 ,alabama4--,settled #agac1 by ,french2 square miles1 #dd1jjj2 capital1 ,montgomery2 admitted into the ,union #ahai4 #ddge4 ,mississippi4--,settled #agaf1 by ,french2 square miles1 #de1jjj2 capital1 ,jackson2 admitted into the ,union #ahag4 #ddgf4 ,louisiana4--,settled #afii1 by ,french2 square miles1 #dh1jjj2 capital1 ,baton ,rouge2 admitted into the ,union #ahaa4 #ddgh4 ,texas4--,settled #afib1 by ,spanish2 square miles1 #bdj1jjj2 settled by ,americans #ahba2 capital1 ,austin2 admitted into the ,union #ahde4 #ddgi4 ,arkansas4--,settled by ,french from ,louisiana1 and formed part of ,missouri in #ahai2 square miles1 #eg1jjj2 capital1 ,little ,rock2 admitted into the ,union #ahcf4 #ddhj4 ,tennessee4--,settled #agfe1 by ,english2 square miles1 #dj1jjj2 capital1 ,nashville2 admitted into the ,union #agif4 #ddha4 ,kentucky4--,settled by ,virginians2 square miles1 #db1jjj2 capital1 ,frankfort2 admitted into the ,union #agib4 #ddhb4 ,california4--,settled #agfi1 by ,spaniards2 ceded to the ,united ,states by ,mexico1 #ahdh2 square miles1 #ahh1jjj2 capital1 ,sacramento2 admitted into the ,union #ahej4 #ddhc4 ,territories of the ,united ,states4 #ddhd4 ,oregon ,territory4--,beyond the ,rocky ,mountains2 settled by emigrants from the ,states2 will soon be admitted into the ,union2 capital1 ,oregon city2 square miles over #cjj1jjj4 #ddhe4 ,minnesota ,territory4--,settled by emigrants from the older ,states2 capital1 ,st4 ,paul2 will soon be admitted into the ,union4 #ddhf4 ,utah ,territory4--,settled by ,mormons2 capital1 ,salt ,lake city2 not to be admitted into the ,union with its present institutions4 #ddhg4 ,new ,mexico ,territory4--,settled by ,spaniards2 ceded to the ,united ,states #ahdi2 capital1 ,santa ,fe2 will probably soon be admitted into the ,union4 #ddhh4 ,washington ,territory4--,settled by ,english2 square miles1 #beg1jjj2 capital1 ,puget's ,sound2 very few ,american settlers4 #ddhi4 ,kansas ,territory4--,settled by emigrants chiefly from ,missouri and the ,new ,england ,states2 capital1 ,lecompton2 will soon be admitted into the ,union4 #ddij4 ,nebraska ,territory4--,settled by emigrants from the older ,states2 capital1 ,omaha city4 ,,words ,,of ,,washington4 #ddia4 ,the following rules were found among the early papers of this great hero1 patriot and statesman4 ,he wrote them when1 probably1 about fourteen or fifteen years of age4 #ddib4 ,as these rules were a guide to him1 evidently shown in his life and character1 so may they influence the conduct of ,young ,america4 #ddic4 ,rules of civility and decent behavior in company and conversation1 written by ,,george ,,washington4 #ddid4 ,every action in company ought to be with some sign of respect to those present4 #ddie4 ,be no flatterer2 neither play with any one that delights not to be played with4 #ddif4 ,read no letters1 books1 or papers in company2 but when there is a necessity for doing it1 you must ask leave4 ,come not near the books or writings of any one so as to read them1 unless desired1 nor give your opinion of them unasked2 also look not nigh when another is writing a letter4 #ddig4 ,let your countenance be pleasant1 but in serious matters somewhat grave4 #ddih4 ,show not yourself glad at the misfortune of another1 though he were your enemy4 #ddii4 ,when you meet with one of greater quality than yourself1 stop and retire1 especially if it be at a door or any strait place1 to give way for him to pass4 #dejj4 ,they that are in dignity1 or in office1 have in all places precedency2 but whilst they are young they ought to respect those that are their equals in birth1 or other qualities1 though they have no public charge4 #deja4 ,it is good manners to prefer them to whom we speak before ourselves1 especially if they be above us1 with whom in no sort we ought to begin4 #dejb4 ,let your discourse with men of business be short and comprehensive4 #dejc4 ,in visiting the sick1 do not presently play the physician1 if you be not knowing therein4 #dejd4 ,in writing1 or speaking1 give to every person his due title1 according to his degree and the custom of the place4 #deje4 ,strive not with your superiors in argument1 but always submit your judgment to others with modesty4 #dejf4 ,undertake not to teach your equal in the art he himself professes2 it savors of arrogance4 #dejg4 ,when a man does all he can1 though it succeeds not well1 blame not him that did it4 #dejh4 ,being to advise or reprehend any one1 consider whether it ought to be in public or in private2 presently or at some other time2 in what terms to do it2 and in reproving show no signs of choler1 but do it with sweetness and mildness4 #deji4 ,take all admonitions thankfully1 in what time or place soever given2 but afterward1 not being culpable1 take a time or place convenient to let him know it that gave them4 #deaj4 ,mock not1 nor jest at any thing of importance2 break no jests that are sharp-biting2 and if you deliver any thing witty and pleasant1 abstain from laughing thereat yourself4 #deaa4 ,wherein you reprove another1 be unblamable yourself2 for example is more prevalent than precepts4 #deab4 ,use no reproachful language against any one1 neither curse nor revile4 #deac4 ,be not hasty to believe flying reports to the disparagement of any4 #dead4 ,in your apparel be modest1 and endeavor to accommodate nature rather than to procure admiration2 keep to the fashion of your equals1 such as are civil and orderly with respect to times and places4 #deae4 ,associate yourselves with men of good quality1 if you esteem your own reputation1 for it is better to be alone than in bad company4 #deaf4 ,be not immodest in urging your friend to discover a secret4 #deag4 ,utter not base or frivolous things amongst grave and learned men2 nor very difficult questions or subjects among the ignorant2 nor things hard to be believed4 #deah4 ,speak not of doleful things in time of mirth1 nor at the table2 speak not of melancholy things1 as death1 and wounds2 and if others mention them1 change1 if you can1 the discourse4 ,tell not your dreams but to your intimate friend4 #deai4 ,break not a jest where none takes pleasure in mirth2 laugh not aloud1 nor at all without occasion4 ,deride no man's misfortune1 though there seem to be some cause4 #debj4 ,speak not injurious words neither in jest nor earnest2 scoff at none1 although they give occasion4 #deba4 ,be not forward1 but friendly and courteous2 the first to salute1 hear1 and answer2 and be not pensive when it is a time to converse4 #debb4 ,detract not from others1 neither be excessive in commending4 #debc4 ,if two contend together1 take not the part of either unconstrained1 and be not obstinate in your own opinion2 in things indifferent1 be of the major side4 #debd4 ,think before you speak2 pronounce not imperfectly1 nor bring out your words too hastily1 but orderly and distinctly4 #debe4 ,when another speaks1 be attentive yourself1 and disturb not the audience4 ,if any hesitate in his words1 help him not1 nor prompt him without being desired2 interrupt him not1 nor answer him till his speech be ended4 #debf4 ,make no comparisons2 and if any of the company be commended for any brave act of virtue1 commend not another for the same4 #debg4 ,be not apt to relate news1 if you know not the truth thereof4 ,in discoursing of things you have heard1 name not your author always4 ,a secret discover not4 #debh4 ,undertake not what you cannot perform1 but be careful to keep your promise4 #debi4 ,in disputes be not so desirous to overcome as not to give liberty to each one to deliver his opinion1 and submit to the judgment of the major part1 especially if they are judges of the dispute4 #decj4 ,speak not evil of the absent1 for it is unjust4 #deca4 ,be not angry at table1 whatever happens2 and if you have reason to be so1 show it not2 put on a cheerful countenance1 especially if there be strangers1 for good humor makes one dish of meat a feast4 #decb4 ,when you speak of ,god1 or his attributes1 let it be seriously in reverence4 ,honor and obey your natural parents1 although they be poor4 #decc4 ,let your recreations be manful1 not sinful4 #decd4 ,labor to keep alive in your breast that little spark of celestial fire called conscience4 ,,useful ,,family ,,tables4 ,,weights ,,and ,,measures4 #dece4 ,a--,measure of ,length4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- #ab ,inches #a ,foot1 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- #c ,feet #a ,yard1 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- #e ,yards #a ,rod1 or ,pole1 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- #dj ,poles #a ,furlong1 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- #h ,furlongs #a ,mile1 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- #fi-a_/ea ,miles #a ,degree of ,great ,circle of ,earth4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- #decf4 ,an inch is the smallest lineal measure to which a name is given1 but subdivisions are used for many purposes4 ,among mechanics the inch is commonly divided into eighths4 ,by the officers of the revenue1 and by scientific persons1 it is divided into tenths1 hundredths1 c4 ,formerly it was made to consist of twelve parts called lines4 #decg4 ,b4--,particular ,measures of ,length4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,a ,nail #b inches ------------------------------------- ,quarter #d ,nails ,used for measuring ,cloth ------------------------------------- of all kinds4 ,yard #d ,quarters ------------------------------------- ,ell #e ,quarters ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,hand #d ,inches1 used for the height of ,horses4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,fathom #f ,feet1 used in measuring depths ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,used in ,land ,measure to ,link #g ,in4 #ib hdths4 facilitate computation of ------------------------------------- content1 #aj sq4 chains ,chain #ajj ,links being equal to an acre4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- #dech4 ,c4--,measure of ,surface4 --------------------------------------- #add ,square ,inches #a ,square ,foot --------------------------------------- #i ,square ,feet #a ,square ,yard --------------------------------------- #cj ,square ,yards #a ,perch1 or ,rod --------------------------------------- #dj ,perches #a ,rood --------------------------------------- #d ,roods #a ,acre --------------------------------------- #fdj ,acres #a ,square ,mile4 --------------------------------------- #deci4 ,d4--,measures of ,solidity and ,capacity4 ,,division ,i4--,,solidity4 ------------------------------------ #agbh ,cubic ,inches #a ,cubic ,foot ------------------------------------ #bg ,cubic ,feet #a ,cubic ,yard ------------------------------------ ,,division ,,ii4--,,capacity4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- #d ,gills #a ,pint #cd cubic inches nearly4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- #b ,pints #a ,quart #fi ---------------------------------------- --------------- #d ,quarts #a ,gallon #bgg ---------------------------------------- --------------- #b ,gallons #a ,peck #eed ---------------------------------------- --------------- #h ,gallons #a ,bushel #bbah ---------------------------------------- --------------- #h ,bushels #a ,quarter #aj cubic feet nearly4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- #e ,quarters #a ,load #ea ---------------------------------------- --------------- #dedj4 ,the four last denominations are used for dry goods only4 ,for liquids several denominations have been heretofore adopted1 viz43--for ,beer1 the ,firkin of #i gallons1 the ,kilderkin1 of #ah1 the ,barrel1 of #cf1 the ,hogshead1 of #ed1 and the ,butt1 of #ajh gallons4 ,these will probably continue to be used in practice4 ,for ,wine and ,spirits1 there are the ,anker1 ,runlet1 ,tierce1 ,hogshead1 ,puncheon1 ,pipe1 ,butt1 and ,tun2 but these may be considered rather as the names of the casks in which such commodities are imported1 than as expressing any definite number of gallons4 ,it is the practice to gauge all such vessels1 and to charge them according to their actual content4 #deda4 ,flour is sold nominally by measure1 but actually by weight1 reckoned at #g lbs4 ,avoirdupois to a gallon4 #dedb4 ,e4--,measure of ,avoirdupois ,weight4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- #bg-aa_/cb ,grains #a ,dram #bg-aa_/cb grains ---------------------------------------- --------------------- #af ,drams #a ,ounce #dcg ---------------------------------------- --------------------- #af ,ounces #a ,pound 7lb47 #gjjj ---------------------------------------- --------------------- #bh ,pounds #a ,quarter 7qr47 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- #d ,quarters #a ,hundred-weight 7cwt47 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- #bj ,cwt4 #a ,ton4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,this weight is used in almost all commercial transactions1 and in the common dealings of life4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,a ,firkin of ,butter #ef lb4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ---- ,soap #fd ---------------------------------------- ----- ,a ,barrel of ,anchovies #cj ---------------------------------------- ----- ,a ,barrel of ,soap #bef lb4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ---- ,raisins #aab ---------------------------------------- ----- ,a fother of ,lead #ai cwt4 ---------------------------------------- ----- #dedc4 ,f4--,measures of ,pounds4 ,the following table of the number of pounds of various articles to a bushel1 may be of interest to some of our farming friends4 ---------------------------------------- -- ,wheat #fj lbs4 is #a bus4 ---------------------------------------- -- ,shelled ,corn #df ---------------------------------------- -- ,corn in cob #gj ---------------------------------------- -- ,oats #ce ---------------------------------------- -- ,barley #dh ---------------------------------------- -- ,potatoes #fj ---------------------------------------- -- ,beans #fj ---------------------------------------- -- ,bran #bj ---------------------------------------- -- ,clover ,seed #fj ---------------------------------------- -- ,timothy seed #de ---------------------------------------- -- ,flax ,seed #ef ---------------------------------------- -- ,hemp ,seed #dd ---------------------------------------- -- ,buckwheat #db ---------------------------------------- -- ,blue grass seed #ad ---------------------------------------- -- ,castor ,beans #df ---------------------------------------- -- #dedd4 ,g4--,measures for ,housekeepers4,d ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,wheat ,flour1 #a lb4 is #a quart ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,indian ,meal1 #a #b oz4 #a ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,butter1 when soft1 #a #a ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,loaf ,sugar1 broken #a #a ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,white ,sugar1 powdered #a #a oz4 #a ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,best ,brown ,sugar1 #a #b oz4 #a ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,eggs1 #aj eggs are #a lb4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,flour1 #h quarts #a peck4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,flour1 #d pecks #a bus4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- #dede4;,e ,,liquids4 ---------------------------------------- ----------- #af large table-spoonsful are half a pint ---------------------------------------- ----------- #h large table-spoonsful are one gill ---------------------------------------- ----------- #d large table-spoonsful are half a gill ---------------------------------------- ----------- #b gills are half a pint ---------------------------------------- ----------- #b pints are one quart ---------------------------------------- ----------- #d quarts are one gallon ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,a common-sized tumbler holds half a pint ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,a common-sized wine-glass holds half a gill ---------------------------------------- ----------- #be drops are equal to one teaspoonful ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,,footnotes3 ,a ,a ,biographical ,dictionary of ,distinguished ,women4 ,b ,the rural population of ,america is now over twenty millions4 ,c ,see ,mrs4 ,hale's ,new ,cook ,book4 ,d ,by the above method1 persons not having scales and weights at hand1 may readily measure the articles wanted to form any receipt1 without the trouble of weighing4 ,allowance to be made for an extraordinary dryness or moisture of the article weighed or measured4 ,e ,the ,nurse will find this manner of measuring liquids very convenient2 to the housekeeper it will be of importance4 ,a similar ,table of ,weights and ,measures is prefixed to the ,new ,cook ,book2 and to that work of mine the patrons of this ,receipt ,book are referred for information on all matters of household good1 not found1 or not fully explained in this treatise4 ,the two volumes are intended as family companions1 and will1 ,i trust1 be usually found together4 ,s4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,alphabetical ,,index4 ,a4 ,abrasions of the skin1 to prevent1 #ic ,absorbents1 #edd ,abstinence1 #abg ,accidents in open carriages1 to avoid1 #bjf ,accidents1 prevention of1 #dfj ,accomplishments1 #che ,acids1 #abj ,acids1 to restore color taken out by1 #ei ,acquaintances after marriage1 #eah ,agreeableness1 #ejj ,agriculture1 hints about1 #bfe1 #dfc ,agriculture1 important fact1 #bff ,air1 its effects on life1 #fgf ,air1 city1 #fgh ,air1 country1 #fgg ,air-bath1 #dcf ,alabaster1 to clean1 #ca ,alabaster1 marble1 or stone1 to stain1 #dag ,alcohol1 #abj ,alder1 advantages of1 #bfe ,alkalescent drinks1 #bdb ,alkalies1 #abj ,alternatives1 #edd ,alum water1 #chi ,alum whey1 #bdg ,ammonia1 #abj ,ammoniated anodyne1 #eej ,anagrams1 #dcj ,anemones1 to paint1 #cia ,anglo-,japanese work1 #aff ,animal food1 #eii ,anodyne and discutient1 #eej ,antidotes and poisons1 #abj ,ants1 to destroy1 #he ,ants and wasps1 to destroy1 #he ,aperient for children1 #ajj ,aperients1 gingerbread1 #fae ,aperient pills1 #fah ,apoplexy and fits1 #egj ,appetite1 loss of1 #cgd ,appetite1 #eec ,apples1 to color1 #cij ,apples1 to keep1 #ced ,apples1 to preserve1 #aic ,apples for hogs1 #dgj ,apple fritters1 #cca ,apple trees1 #cjd ,apple water1 #bdb ,april1 #ahc ,april showers1 #dee ,arms and polished metal1 to keep from rust1 #bd ,arnica1 extract of1 #aae ,aromatic vinegar1 #adh ,arrow-root1 #bci ,arrow-root jelly1 #bdj ,arsenic1 #abj ,arsenic1 to detect1 #aib1 #fai ,artichoke1 #dgf ,artificial flowers1 #dhf ,arts1 elegant and ingenious1 #che ,ash color1 #chf ,asparagus1 #dgf ,assaftida1 #eec ,asses1 to color1 #cij ,asthma1 #che1 #fbc ,asthma1 to relieve1 #ajc ,august1 #ahe ,authors1 advice to1 #fei ,aviaries1 #fdd ,b4 ,bacon in summer1 #dgj ,baldness1 to prevent1 #faa ,balls and evening parties1 #eji ,balls1 to make breeches1 #fc ,balls for removing spots1 to make1 #fc ,balsamics1 #ede ,baltimore oriole1 #fdc ,bandages1 #efc ,bandages1 circular1 #efd ,bandages1 various1 #efe ,barn-floors1 to make durable1 #cae ,bark1 dog-wood1 #bdc ,bark1 wild cherry1 #bdc ,barley water1 #bde ,bathe1 time to1 #eci ,bathing1 advantages of1 #abe ,baths and bathing1 #abd1 #ech ,bathing tubs1 #eci ,baths for children1 #edj ,baths1 tepid and cold1 #eci ,bath1 vapor1 at home1 #bej ,batter1 ,french1 #ccb ,batter pudding1 #ccb ,bay color1 #chf ,beans1 #dgf ,beans1 to color1 #cij ,bed1 to heat1 #dci ,bed clothes1 hints about1 #ag1 #ecf ,bed furniture1 c41 to wash1 #ea ,bed-room linen1 #aee ,bed-rooms1 scouring1 #aj ,bed-rooms1 to clean1 #i ,beds making1 c41 #bed ,bee or wasp1 sting of1 #abc ,beech-tree leaves1 #ag ,beef1 as food1 #cfe ,beef1 essence of1 #cgg ,beef1 roasting1 #fjj ,beer1 #fji ,beer1 keeping1 #beh ,beer1 to prevent growing flat1 #cej ,beer1 to recover sour1 #cea ,beer1 table1 to make1 #cea ,bees1 #dfg ,bees1 to manage1 #agf ,bees1 to preserve1 #cag ,bees1 to remove1 #caf ,beetles1 to destroy1 #bgf ,beets1 #dgf ,beets1 c41 to preserve all winter1 #bgc ,belladona1 #abj ,beverages1 #fjh ,beverages1 spring1 #faa ,bile1 remedy for1 #fbe ,bile and bilious complaints1 #eec ,bilious disorders1 #fbe ,binding1 #aed ,birdlime1 #fdd ,birds1 #fda ,birds1 sick1 #fdb ,birds1 beasts1 c41 to preserve1 #cag ,birds1 shot1 to preserve1 #cah ,birds in water colors1 #cib ,birth marks1 #ace ,biscuit1 to preserve1 #cef ,biscuits1 cheap ginger1 #cbi ,biscuits1 pic-nic1 #cbh ,bite of venomous animals1 #abb ,biting the nails1 #fab ,black1 to color1 #cfb ,black paper for patterns1 #agj ,black reviver1 #fa ,black silk1 to dip1 #fa ,blackberries1 #bdg ,blacking1 celebrated for boots1 c41 #gi ,blacking1 good1 #gi ,blacking1 liquid1 #hj ,blacking for leather seats1 #bb ,blankets1 #aee ,bleaching liquid1 #fbf ,bleaching straw1 #ff ,bleeding at the nose1 #ie ,bleeding from a cut1 to stop1 #ih ,blisters1 to apply1 #cgd ,blisters1 management of1 #aac ,blond lace1 #fa ,blood1 taking1 #ega ,blood1 the1 is the life1 #abg ,blue1 light1 #chg ,boards1 to give a beautiful appearance to1 #ac ,boards1 to scour1 #ad ,boards or stone1 to extract oil from1 #ac ,body in flames1 #egb ,boils1 to cure1 #aji ,bone dust1 #dfd ,bone or ivory1 to stain1 #dag ,bonnets1 straw1 #ff ,bonnets1 straw and cheap1 to dye1 #gg ,books and accounts1 #bac ,books1 to preserve1 #ci ,books or prints1 to clean1 #ci ,books1 to choose1 #chc ,boots1 #dic ,boots and shoes1 #dhi ,boots and shoes1 to clean1 #bfa ,boots and shoes1 to prevent snow water1 c41 #ha ,boots1 water-proof1 #hb ,boot tops1 to clean brown1 #hj ,borax1 uses of1 #aaf ,borecole1 #dgf ,botanical specimens1 #djh ,bottles1 to cleanse1 #ca ,bottling1 #cdj ,bowel complaints1 #fae ,bowels1 pain in1 #bbd ,braiding1 #aee ,brandied peaches1 #cbj ,brandy and salt1 #fag ,brandy cherries1 #cbj ,brass and copper1 to clean1 #bf ,brass ornaments1 to clean1 #bf ,bread1 #eij ,bread1 cheap1 #eie ,bread1 to discover if adulterated1 #cef ,bread1 to keep1 #eic ,bread1 ,indian1 #eib ,bread1 pulled1 #eid ,bread1 rye and ,indian1 #eic ,bread1 unfermented1 #ccf ,bread crumbs1 white1 #cbg ,bread1 sippets of1 #cbf ,bread-pans1 to clean1 #beh ,bread poultice1 #aac ,breadths of light1 #cic ,breakfast1 #cfh ,breakfast1 making1 #bec ,breakfast1 cold meats at1 #bec ,breakfast1 neatness in1 #beb ,breakfast-room1 work in1 #beb ,breath1 for the1 #ajc ,breath1 bad from onions1 #adf ,breath1 bad1 remedy for1 #aai ,breath1 offensive1 #fbe ,brewing1 cheap method of1 #cea ,brewis1 #dde ,brittannia1 tins1 c41 polishing paste for1 #bg ,brittannia1 to clean1 #bg ,brocoli1 #dgg ,bronzed chandeliers1 c41 #dch ,bruises or contusions1 #aae ,bruises and inflammations1 #ega ,bruise or sprain1 #bcc ,brussels sprouts1 #dgf ,budding1 #dhj ,buckwheat1 utility of1 #bfi ,bugs1 to destroy1 #hg ,bugs1 #fbj ,bugs and worms1 to destroy1 #bgf ,building1 #caj ,buildings1 to color1 #cic ,bulbous roots1 #agi ,bullfinch1 #fdb ,bunion1 inflamed1 #fah ,bunions1 to cure1 #ig ,burning1 to protect children from1 #eb ,burns1 #aji ,burns and scalds1 #aji1 #aaj1 #faf ,burns1 to cure1 #ddb ,butter1 #bhg1 #ceg ,butter1 hints about1 #def ,butter1 bad1 #fje ,butter1 improved method1 #bhh ,butter1 to cure a bad tub of1 #ceh ,butter1 salt1 to make fresh1 #ceh ,butter or milk1 to remove the taste of turnips from1 #ceh ,butter as diet1 #cfg ,butterflies and moths1 #dhb ,butterfly's wings1 to take impressions of1 #afi ,c4 ,cabbage1 #dgg ,cabbage water1 #beh ,cake1 common black1 #eif ,cake1 composition1 #eif ,cake1 loaf1 #eig ,cake1 maize1 #eif ,cake1 sponge1 #eig ,calcareous deposits in boilers1 #fbj ,calico furniture1 to clean1 #aj ,calico furniture1 to wash1 #ea ,calves1 to rear1 #bhf ,calves' feet jelly1 #cgf ,camera ,lucida1 a new1 #afi ,camphor mixture1 #bdf ,camphorated ointment1 #edi ,canary birds1 #age1 #fda ,canary1 to teach to sing1 #fda ,cancer1 #fag ,candle1 to make1 c41 #ce ,candle1 blowing out a1 #cd ,candle snuffs1 use of1 #cb ,candles1 #dci ,candles1 economy in1 #fbb ,candles1 plain hints about1 #cd ,candles and lamps1 #bae ,candles and lamps1 spurting1 #dej ,candlesticks1 cleansing1 #bfb ,cane-chairs1 c41 to clean1 #bb1 #dci ,canker1 or sore mouth1 #bcb ,canker-worm1 #dhd ,carbonic acid gas1 #fgf ,carbuncles1 #fah ,cardinal ,grosbeak1 #fdb ,cardoon1 #dgg ,carefulness1 #baa ,carminatives1 #ede ,carnations1 laying1 #bic ,carpets1 brown1 green1 and red1 #ddi ,carpets1 economy in1 #ddi ,carpets1 to beat1 #aa ,carpets1 to clean1 #aj ,carpets1 ,turkey1 to clean1 #aa ,carpets1 to sweep1 #ddg ,carpets1 to wash1 #cfb ,carriage1 to clean1 #dd ,carriers1 common1 laws for1 #fhc ,carrots1 #ddg ,carrots1 c41 to keep1 #bgc ,carrots1 utility of1 #bhf ,carrot-seeds1 c41 #bga ,carvacrol for toothache1 #id ,cashmere1 to clean1 #fb ,casking1 #cci ,casks1 to sweeten1 #cdj ,cataplasm1 alum1 #bch ,cataplasm1 salt1 #bch ,caterpillars1 to destroy1 #aie1 #bgg1 #bgh ,caterpillars1 #bgd ,caterpillars1 ants1 c41 #hf1 #dha ,cathartics1 #ede ,cats1 #fdf ,cattle1 #dff ,cattle in winter1 #bhi ,cauliflower1 #dgg ,cautions1 #bjc ,cautions in visiting the sick1 #bcd ,celandine1 #bce ,celery1 #dgg ,celery1 essence of1 #aia ,celery1 to keep1 #cee ,cellars and outhouses1 #hh ,cement and ground-glass imitation1 #fi ,cement1 to resist fire and water1 #fi ,cement1 bottle1 #gj1 #ga1 #cei ,cement1 blood1 #ga ,cement1 diamond1 #ga ,cement for metal and glass1 #ga ,cement for iron flues1 #gb ,cement for alabaster1 c41 #gb ,cement1 strong1 #gc ,cerate of cantharides1 #bch ,ceremonies1 #ejj ,cesspools1 offensive1 #fgi ,chalk mixture1 #ajh1 #bdf ,chalk ointment1 #edi ,chambers of the sick1 to purify1 #ia ,chamomile flowers1 #aie ,chamomile tea1 #aag ,chamomile and orange peel1 #bdc ,champagne1 summer1 #faa ,change of apparel1 #deg ,charade1 #feh ,charcoal1 #aba ,charcoal1 to prevent ill effects1 #da ,charcoal1 hints about1 #dfj ,charcoal fumes1 #dcg ,charcoal powder1 #dde ,charlotte ,russe1 #cca ,cheap carpeting1 #aa ,cheerfulness1 #bab ,cheese1 coloring for1 #cei ,cheese-curd1 #cbi ,cherry-tree gum1 #aah ,cherries1 to color1 #cij ,chervil1 #dgg ,chess1 laws of1 #dbe ,chestnuts for dessert1 #cch ,chickens1 to fatten1 #bja ,chicken water1 #cgf ,chickweed or salad1 #fdd ,chilblains1 lotion for1 #ig ,chilblains1 remedy for1 #ig ,chilblain liniment1 #ih ,children1 amusement for1 #ffe ,children1 dress of1 #ffb ,children1 young1 #bag ,children1 to arrange for1 #bec ,chimaphila1 #edi ,chimneys1 fires in1 #bjc ,chimneys1 smoky1 #cac1 #ddj ,chimneys1 to sweep without children1 #da ,chimneys1 to color the backs of1 #bd ,chimneys1 stone1 to blacken1 #bd ,china1 to clean1 #ca ,china1 to mend1 #fi ,china1 to cement1 #gj ,china and glassware1 #dfb ,chinese method of mending china1 #gj ,chintz1 to wash1 #eb ,chloride of lime1 to use1 #ib ,chocolate1 ,iceland moss1 #fjh ,choke damp1 #fgi ,choking1 #efi ,cholera1 prevention of1 #eef ,chowder1 ,new ,england1 #cbc ,church-yards1 #bcd ,cider in bottles1 to cork1 #cej ,cinnamon1 #bad ,cisterns1 lead1 #dc ,cleanliness1 #deg ,cleanliness1 effects on animals1 #dfj ,cleanliness in houses1 effect of1 #dfj ,climate1 #edb ,cliver1 to make1 #cge ,clocks1 to oil1 #dci ,closets1 to free from moths1 #dcf ,cloth1 c41 to paint1 #agg ,clothes1 to brush1 #ddj ,clothes1 to prevent odor in1 #dda ,clothes bags1 #aeg ,clothes lines1 #bfc ,clothes posts1 #hh ,clothing for children1 #bah ,clouds1 to color1 #chf1 #cic ,coach-wheels1 #de ,coals1 #baf ,coal fire1 to light1 #dj ,coat1 white or drab1 to clean1 #fb ,cockroaches1 c41 to destroy1 #he ,cocoa1 #ceb ,cod-liver oil1 #ddb1 #fab ,coffee1 #ahi1 #fjh ,coffee1 ,turkish method1 #ceb ,coffee1 substitute for1 #ceb ,colds1 #ajf1 #bca ,cold1 effects of1 #dea ,cold1 to remove1 c41 #dfa ,colds1 to avoid1 #faf ,cold in the head1 #ajf ,cold cream1 #ace1 #fbd ,colic in infants1 #bbe ,cologne water1 #adf ,coloring clothing1 #cfj ,coloring1 general rules for1 #cfb ,coloring for rooms1 cheap1 #cf ,colors and complexions1 #dhe ,colors1 mixed1 directions for1 #chf ,colors1 water1 #che ,colors1 to prevent cracking1 #chh ,colors1 most useful1 #cib ,colors for ,grecian painting1 #cih ,color to silk1 to restore1 #dda ,columbo root and ginger1 #bdc ,combs1 c41 to clean1 #ed ,complexion1 #acc1 #fbe ,complexion1 to improve1 #acb ,composition1 blue1 #cfj ,composition1 to prevent iron1 c41 from rusting1 #bd ,composition for washing in sea-water1 #eb ,composition for colored drawings1 c41 #afh ,composition1 cheap and excellent1 #cae ,compresses1 #efb ,compresses1 pierced1 #efc ,concussions1 #efi ,condiments1 #cfh ,conduct1 ,mrs4 ,fry's rules of1 #ecb ,contusions or bruises1 #aae ,conundrums1 #dcj ,conversation1 #ebf ,convulsions1 #bbf ,cookmaid1 duties of1 #bea ,cookmaid1 of the1 #bea ,copper and brass1 to clean1 #bf ,copper in liquids1 to detect1 #aib1 #fai ,coral1 artificial1 #agj ,cordial1 julep1 #bdg ,cordials1 #ede ,corks1 improved1 #gj ,corn1 #dfd ,corn1 to feed1 #dgj ,corn1 to dry1 #aid ,corn1 green1 #ccg ,corn oysters1 #ccg ,corn salad1 #dgg ,corns on the feet1 #if ,corns1 to prevent1 #if ,corns1 to cure1 #if ,corn solvent1 #if ,corns1 soft1 to cure1 #ig1 #fae ,corns and warts1 #if ,corpulence1 #aai ,corroborates1 #edg ,corrosive sublimate1 #aba ,costiveness1 #cgc ,cotton1 carded1 #efb ,cotton1 to dye buff1 #gg ,coughs1 for common1 #aje ,coughs1 winter1 #aje ,cough and hoarseness1 #aje ,cough1 white mixture for1 #aje ,cough1 troublesome1 #ajf ,coughs1 children's1 #ajf ,cough1 hacking1 #ajf ,cough1 for a1 #ajg ,cough syrup1 #fad ,counterpanes1 to wash1 #ej ,court plaster1 #acf ,courtship and marriage1 #eaa ,covers1 hints about1 #dee ,cows1 #dfi ,cows1 feeding with sainfoin1 #bhe ,cows1 feeding with parsnips1 #bhe ,cows1 proper food for1 #bhe ,cows1 milch1 #bhf ,cows1 rules for milking1 #bhg ,cows1 to prevent bad habits1 #bhh ,cows to milk1 #bjj ,cramp1 #ajj ,cramp in bathing1 #faa ,cramp and spasm1 #cgd ,crape1 black1 to remove water stains from1 #fai ,cream1 #ceg ,cream1 substitute for1 #aij1 #ceb1 #fjh ,cream in long voyages1 #aib ,creosote1 #aba ,cress1 #dgg ,crickets1 to destroy1 #he1 #ddj ,crockery and glass1 #cc ,croup1 #bbg ,crows1 to keep from corn1 #bgj ,crust1 wine1 #cbg ,crust in the tea-kettle1 #dch ,crystallization upon cinders1 #dbd ,cucumbers1 #bie1 #dgg ,cup cakes1 #ccj ,curious facts1 #fei ,currants1 green1 to preserve1 #cee ,currant shrub1 #cdb ,curry1 to prepare a1 #ccg ,curry1 ,lord ,clive's1 #cch ,curry powder1 #ccg ,cutaneous eruptions in children1 #bcb ,cuts and wounds1 #egb ,d4 ,dairy1 the1 #ceg ,dairy1 temperature for1 #bhg ,damp walls1 #af ,dampness in beds1 #ag ,dancing1 #ffe ,dandelion1 use of1 #bga ,dandelion1 #edi ,danger from fire1 #bjc ,daughters1 training of1 #ffg ,deafness1 #fbc ,deafness1 temporary1 #ie ,decanters1 to clean1 #cj ,december1 #ahf ,decoctions1 #edi ,dentition1 #bbf ,dentifrice1 a good1 #acg ,depilatory1 #faf ,diaphanic1 #djj ,diarrhea1 #ajh ,diet for patients1 #abf ,dietetic maxims1 #fbh ,dinner1 #cfi1 #fjf ,dinner parties1 #ejg ,dinner1 what plates for1 #bef ,dinner1 directions for1 #bed ,dinner1 serving up1 #bef ,dinner-hour1 c41 #bee ,dirt in the eye1 #egb ,discolorations of the skin1 #ic ,diseases of the skin1 #deg ,dishes1 washing1 #bef ,dish-covers1 cleansing1 #bei ,disinfecting liquid1 #ic ,dogs1 pet1 #fde ,domestic hints1 #dfb ,door1 creaking1 #dfh ,door-mats1 cheap1 #ddd ,door-plates1 to clean1 #bh ,draining ponds1 #cgg ,draughts1 game of1 #dbe ,drawing paper1 #che ,drawings1 to set pencil1 #aga ,drawings1 wash for1 #aga ,dress1 importance of1 #dhd ,dress of ladies1 #dhd ,dress of gentlemen1 #dib ,dress1 print1 to preserve color of1 #ec ,dress1 faded1 to bleach1 #ec ,dress1 print1 to wash1 #eb ,dresses1 c41 to iron1 #ec ,dress-making1 #fce ,dressings1 #efj ,dressing-table1 for the1 #ach ,drinks1 #cfi ,drinks1 alkalescent1 #bdb ,drinks1 nutritive1 #bdd ,drinks1 stimulating1 #bdb ,drinks1 summer1 #faj ,drinks1 tonic1 #bdc ,drinks for the sick1 #bda ,drowning1 recovery from1 #bjh1 #bji ,drowning1 danger of1 #bjf ,drowning1 to rescue1 #fdi ,drunkenness1 #efi ,dry rot1 #cji ,dry rot in timber1 #cji ,ducks1 to fatten1 #bjb ,ducks and geese1 #bja ,dyeing1 #gd1 #dbc ,dyeing the hair1 #fac ,dyes1 various1 #ge ,dysentery1 #ajh1 #cgc1 #cgd ,dyspepsia bread1 #cce ,e4 ,eagles1 to color1 #cij ,ear1 diseases in1 #id ,ear1 pain in1 #ie1 #fae ,ear-ache1 #he1 #bcc ,ear1 sore1 #bba ,early rising1 #ecf ,earwigs1 c41 in the ear1 #ie ,earwigs1 c41 to destroy1 #bgi1 #dhb ,eat slowly1 #cfh ,eau d',ange1 #adi ,eau de ,cologne1 #adf1 #adg ,ebony1 imitation of1 #cf ,economical hints1 #ddd ,economicals of cooking meats1 #cfg ,economics1 #ccd ,economy in expenditure1 #bab ,edgings1 to plant1 c41 #bia ,edgings1 box1 to cut1 #bhc ,eggs1 #dfh ,eggs1 dyeing1 #dbd ,eggs in jaundice1 #ajj ,eggs1 to preserve1 #aia ,eggs of birds1 to preserve1 #afi ,egg-plant1 #dgh ,elder1 good effects of1 #bgd ,elder-flowers1 #edh ,elephants1 to color1 #cij ,embankments1 #bff ,emblematic stones1 #dae ,embroidery1 silk1 #afb1 #afc ,endive1 #dgg ,enemas1 #eea ,enigmas1 #fef ,ermine and ,miniver1 to clean1 #ed ,eruptions1 cutaneous1 #eee ,erysipelas1 cure for1 #ii ,essences from flowers1 #adg ,etchings on glass1 #dae ,etiquette1 rules of1 #eja ,evening pastime1 #dbi ,exercise1 #edj ,extracts1 #eeb ,eye1 dirt or lime in1 #egb ,eye1 iron or steel in1 #egb ,eye1 black1 to cure1 #fbe ,eye1 bruised to cure1 #id ,eye1 cold or inflammation in1 #id ,eyes1 sore1 #bba ,eye-water1 #ic1 #fah ,eye-brows1 to darken1 #acj ,f4 ,fainting1 or syncope1 #bcd1 #eci ,fainting1 remedy for1 #ii ,family at home1 #eij ,family tables1 #fii ,fard1 #acf ,farmers1 hints to1 #aih1 #dfd ,farms1 small1 #dfc ,feathers1 to clean of their oil1 #ah1 #dbc ,feathers and hair1 to dye green1 #gg ,feathers1 to dye1 #dje ,feathers1 white1 to clean1 #dda ,feather flowers1 #djc ,febrifuges1 #edg ,feet1 #bej ,feet1 cold and damp1 #ajd ,feet1 frostbitten1 #fah ,feet1 sore1 #bej ,feet1 wet1 #dea ,feet1 wounded1 #bcc ,feet1 to keep warm1 #dci ,felon1 #aji ,fences1 #dfd ,fermentation1 to check1 #cdb ,fertilizing soils1 #dfe ,fevers1 #aaa ,fevers1 cause of1 #deg ,fever and ague1 #aaa ,fevers1 beverage for1 #aab ,fever1 scarlet1 #aab ,fever1 yellow1 #aaa ,fields1 #dfd ,fig paste1 #ajh ,figures1 to color1 #cic ,figures1 curious properties of1 #fgi ,filtering bag1 #cda ,filth in streets1 #deh ,fire1 preservation from1 #bjc ,fire in chimneys1 #bjc ,fire1 means of extinction1 #bjc ,fire1 to escape from1 #bjd1 #dch ,fire1 to make water more efficacious1 c41 #bjd ,fire1 to extinguish speedily1 #bjd ,fire1 to escape from a house on1 #bje ,fire1 clothing on1 #bje ,fire1 horses from1 #bje ,fire1 to make1 #baf ,fire1 taking care of1 #bfa ,fires1 stoves1 c41 #db ,fire1 to revive a dull1 #db ,fire-balls1 #da ,fire-irons1 to prevent rusting1 #bc ,fire-places1 to improve1 #cac ,fire-screens1 paper1 #dci ,fire-wood1 #dga ,fish1 gold and silver1 #agf1 #fdd ,fish as food1 #cfe ,fish1 ,russian method of preserving1 #cah ,fishing-rods1 to preserve1 #cgh ,fits1 #ii ,flannels1 to prevent shrinking1 #dh ,flannels1 to scour1 #dh ,flannels1 to wash1 #dh ,flat-irons1 the hot1 #dej ,fleas1 to drive away1 #he 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out1 #agc ,y4 ,yeast1 #cef1 #eic ,yeast1 ,turkish1 #cce ,yellow1 #chh ,yellow bird1 #fdc ,young1 a word to the1 #feb ,,the ,,end4 ,t4 ,b4 ,,peterson',s ,,list ,,of ,,publications4 ,the ,books in this ,catalogue will be found to be the very ,best and ,latest ,publications by the most popular and celebrated writers in the world4 ,they are also the most readable and entertaining ,books1 and are printed for the ,million1 at very cheap rates1 and copies of all or any of them will be sent by ,mail1 free of postage1 to any person1 on receipt of the advertised price4 ,they are suitable for the ,parlor1 ,library1 ,sitting ,room1 ,railroad1 ,steamboat1 or ,chamber ,reading1 ,,and ,,are ,,published ,,and ,,for ,,sale ,,by ,t4 ,b4 ,,peterson1 ,no4 #ajb ,chestnut ,street1 ,philadelphia4 ,booksellers1 and all others1 will be supplied at very ,low ,rates4 ,,mrs4 ,,southworths'4 ,vivia2 or1 ,the ,secret of ,power1 #a #jj ,india4 ,the ,pearl of ,pearl ,river1 #a #jj ,the ,missing ,bride1 #a #jj ,the ,lost ,heiress1 #a #jj ,deserted ,wife1 #a #jj ,wife's ,victory1 #a #jj ,curse of ,clifton1 #a #jj ,discarded ,daughter1 #a #jj ,retribution1 #a #jj ,initials1 #a #jj ,kate ,aylesford1 #a #jj ,mabel1 #a #jj ,the above are also published in cloth1 price #a4be each4 ,,mrs4 ,,hentz',s ,,works4 ,the ,planter's ,northern ,bride1 #a #jj ,linda1 #a #jj ,robert ,graham1 #a #jj ,courtship and ,marriage1 #a #jj ,rena2 or the ,snow ,bird1 #a #jj ,marcus ,warland1 #a #jj ,love after ,marriage1 #a #jj ,eoline1 #a #jj ,the ,banished ,son1 #a #jj ,helen and ,arthur1 #a #jj ,aunt ,patty's ,scrap ,bag1 #a #jj ,the above are also published in cloth1 price #a4be each4 ,,ellen ,,pickering',s4 ,orphan ,niece1 #be ,kate ,walsingham1 #be ,poor ,cousin1 #be ,ellen ,wareham1 #be ,who ,shall be ,heir8 #be ,secret ,foe1 #be ,expectant1 #be ,fright1 #be ,quiet ,husband1 #be ,nan ,darrell1 #be ,prince and ,pedlar1 #be ,merchant's ,daughter1 #be ,the ,squire1 #be ,agnes ,serle1 #be ,the ,heiress1 #be ,the ,grumbler1 #ej ,,charles ,,lever',s4 ,charles ,o',malley1 #ej ,knight of ,gwynne1 #ej ,arthur ,o',leary1 #ej ,tom ,burke of ,ours1 #ej ,jack ,hinton1 #ej ,harry ,lorrequer1 #ej ,horace ,templeton1 #ej ,kate ,o',donoghue1 #ej ,lever's works are also bound in four volumes1 in black cloth1 for #f4jj4 ,scarlet cloth1 #f4ej4 ,law ,library sheep #g4jj4 ,half calf #i4jj ,ten ,thousand a ,year1 #a #jj ,valentine ,vox1 the ,ventriloquist1 #ej ,the ,sisters1 #ej ,the ,steward1 #ej ,percy ,effingham1 #ej ,,alexandre ,,dumas'4 ,the ,three ,guardsmen1 #ge ,twenty ,years ,after1 #ge ,bragelonne1 #ge ,the ,iron ,hand1 #ej ,forty-,five ,guardsmen1 #ge ,memoirs of a ,marquis1 #a #jj ,andree de ,taverney1 #a #jj ,countess of ,charny1 #a #jj ,the ,iron ,mask1 #a #jj ,louise ,la ,valliere1 #a #jj ,memoirs of a ,physician1 #a #jj ,queen's ,necklace1 #a #jj ,diana of ,meridor1 #a #jj ,six ,years ,later1 #a #jj ,felina de ,chambure1 #ej ,genevieve1 #ej ,sketches in ,france1 #ej ,isabel of ,bavaria1 #ej ,edmond ,dantes1 #ej ,corsican ,brothers1 #be ,,lippard',s ,,works4 ,washington ,generals1 #a #jj ,quaker ,city1 #a #jj ,paul ,ardenheim1 #a #jj ,blanche of ,brandywine1 #a #jj ,the ,nazarene1 #ej ,legends of ,mexico1 #be ,ladye of ,albarone1 #a #jj ,,charles ,,dickens'4 ,david ,copperfield1 #ej ,dombey and ,son1 #ej ,nicholas ,nickleby1 #ej ,pickwick ,papers1 #ej ,christmas ,stories1 #ej ,martin ,chuzzlewit1 #ej ,barnaby ,rudge1 #ej ,dickens' ,new ,stories1 #ej ,bleak ,house1 #ej ,old ,curiosity ,shop1 #ej ,sketches by ,boz1 #ej ,oliver ,twist1 #ej ,a complete sett of the above will be sold for #e2 also1 bound in five vols41 black cloth1 for #g4ej4 ,scarlet cloth1 for #h4ej4 ,law ,library ,sheep1 for #i4jj4 ,the ,illustrated edition is #a4ej a volume1 or #ah for the complete sett of #ab volumes4 ,,frank ,,fairlegh',s4 ,frank ,fairlegh1 #ej ,lewis ,arundel1 #ge ,harry ,coverdale's ,courtship1 #a #jj ,lorrimer ,littlegood1 #a #jj ,fortunes and ,misfortunes of ,harry ,rackett ,scapegrace1 #ej ,,books ,,of ,,fun4 ,major ,jones' ,courtship and ,travels4 ,cloth1 #a #be ,simon ,suggs' ,adventures and ,travels4 ,cloth1 #a #be ,major ,jones' ,scenes in ,georgia4 ,cloth1 #a #be ,humors of ,falconbridge1 #a #jj ,frank ,forester's ,sporting ,scenes and ,characters4 #b vols41 cloth1 #b #ej ,dow's ,patent ,sermons4 ,by ,dow1 ,jr4 #c vols41 each1 #ge ,piney ,woods ,tavern1 #a #jj ,adventures of ,captain ,priest1 #ge ,american ,joe ,miller1 #be ,,humorous ,,works4 ,,beautifully ,,illustrated4 ,major ,jones' ,courtship1 #ej ,major ,jones' ,sketches of ,travel1 #ej ,simon ,suggs' ,adventures1 #ej ,major ,jones' ,chronicles of ,pineville1 #ej ,polly ,peablossom's ,wedding1 #ej ,widow ,rugby's ,husband1 #ej ,big ,bear of ,arkansas1 #ej ,streaks of ,squatter ,life1 #ej ,pickings from ,picayune1 #ej ,stray ,subjects arrested and ,bound ,over1 #ej ,louisiana ,swamp ,doctor1 #ej ,charcoal ,sketches1 #ej ,misfortunes of ,peter ,faber1 #ej ,peter ,ploddy1 #ej ,yankee among ,mermaids1 #ej ,new ,orleans ,sketch ,book1 #ej ,drama in ,pokerville1 #ej ,the ,charms of ,paris1 #ej ,the ,quorndon ,hounds1 #ej ,my ,shooting ,box1 #ej ,warwick ,woodlands1 #ej ,the ,deer ,stalkers1 #ej ,adventures of ,captain ,farrago1 #ej ,major ,o',regan's ,adventures1 #ej ,sol4 ,smith's ,theatrical ,apprenticeship1 #ej ,sol4 ,smith's ,theatrical ,journey-,work1 #ej ,quarter ,race ,kentucky1 #ej ,rival ,belles1 #ej ,life of ,col4 ,vanderbomb1 #ej ,life and ,adventures of ,percival ,mayberry1 #ej ,yankee ,yarns and ,yankee ,letters1 #ej ,,mrs4 ,,grey',s4 ,gipsey's ,daughter1 #be ,lena ,cameron1 #be ,belle of the ,family1 #be ,sybil ,lennard1 #be ,duke and ,cousin1 #be ,the ,little ,wife1 #be ,manuvring ,mother1 #be ,baronet's ,daughters1 #be ,young ,prima ,donna1 #be ,old ,dower ,house1 #be ,hyacinthe1 #be ,alice ,seymour1 #be ,mary ,seaham1 #ej ,passion and ,principle1 #ej ,d',,israeli',s ,,works4 ,henrietta ,temple1 #ej ,vivian ,grey1 #ej ,venetia1 #ej ,young ,duke1 #ch ,miriam ,alroy1 #ch ,contarini ,fleming1 #ch ,,languages4 ,french without a ,master1 #be ,spanish without a ,master1 #be ,german without a ,master1 #be ,italian without a ,master1 #be ,latin without a ,master1 #be ,,reynolds' ,,works4 ,mysteries of the ,court of ,london4 #b vols41 #a #jj ,rose ,foster4 #c vols41 #a #ej ,caroline of ,brunswick1 #a #jj ,venetia ,trelawney1 #a #jj ,lord ,saxondale1 #a #jj ,count ,christoval1 #a #jj ,rosa ,lambert1 #a #jj ,mary ,price1 #a #jj ,eustace ,quentin1 #a #jj ,joseph ,wilmot1 #a #jj ,banker's ,daughter1 #a #jj ,kenneth1 #a #jj ,the ,rye-,house ,plot1 #a #jj ,isabella ,vincent1 #ej ,vivian ,bertram1 #ej ,countess of ,lascelles1 #ej ,duke of ,marchmont1 #ej ,the ,necromancer1 #ge ,the ,soldier's ,wife1 #ej ,may ,middleton1 #ej ,massacre of ,glencoe1 #ej ,the ,court of ,naples1 #ej ,loves of the ,harem1 #ej ,ellen ,percy1 #ej ,agnes ,evelyn1 #ej ,edgar ,montrose1 #be ,parricide1 #ej ,life in ,paris1 #ej ,,capt4 ,,marryatt',s4 ,jacob ,faithful1 #be ,japhet ,search of ,father1 #be ,phantom ,ship1 #be ,midshipman ,easy1 #be ,pacha of ,many ,tales1 #be ,naval ,officer1 #be ,snarleyow1 #be ,newton ,foster1 #be ,king's ,own1 #be ,pirate ,three ,cutters1 #be ,peter ,simple1 #ej ,percival ,keene1 #ej ,poor ,jack1 #ej ,sea ,king1 #ej ,valerie1 #ej ,,ainsworth',s4 ,jack ,sheppard1 #ej ,tower of ,london1 #a #jj ,guy ,fawkes1 #ej ,the ,star ,chamber1 #ej ,newgate ,calendar1 #ej ,old ,st4 ,paul's1 #ej ,mysteries of the ,court of ,queen ,anne1 #ej ,mysteries of the ,court of the ,stuarts1 #ej ,life of ,davy ,crockett1 #ej ,life of ,henry ,thomas1 #be ,dick ,turpin1 #be ,desperadoes ,new ,world1 #be ,ninon ,de ,l',enclos1 #be ,life of ,arthur ,spring1 #be ,life of ,grace ,o',malley1 #ch ,windsor ,castle1 #ej ,,green ,,on ,,gambling ,gambling ,exposed1 #a #jj ,gambling ,unmasked1 #a #jj ,secret ,band of ,brothers1 #a #jj ,the ,reformed ,gambler1 #a #jj ,above in cloth1 #a4be each4 ,,highwaymen4 ,life of ,john ,a4 ,murrel1 #be ,life of ,joseph ,t4 ,hare1 #be ,life of ,monroe ,edwards1 #be ,life of ,helen ,jewett1 #be ,life of ,jack ,rann1 #be ,kit ,clayton1 #be ,lives of the ,felons1 #be ,tom ,waters1 #be ,nat ,blake1 #be ,bill ,horton1 #be ,galloping ,gus1 #be ,ned ,hastings1 #be ,biddy ,woodhull1 #be ,eveleen ,wilson1 #be ,diary of a ,pawnbroker1 #be ,silver and ,pewter1 #be ,sweeney ,todd1 #be ,,tales ,,of ,,the ,,sea4 ,adventures of ,ben ,brace1 #ej ,jack ,adams1 the ,mutineer1 #ej ,the ,spitfire1 #ej ,the ,petrel1 #ej ,the ,pirate's ,son1 #be ,the ,doomed ,ship1 #be ,the ,three ,pirates1 #be ,the ,flying ,dutchman1 #be ,life of ,alexander ,tardy1 #be ,the ,flying ,yankee1 #be ,the ,yankee ,middy1 #be ,the ,gold ,seekers1 #be ,the ,river ,pirates1 #be ,dark ,shades of ,city ,life1 #be ,the ,rats of the ,seine1 #be ,yankees in ,japan1 #be ,red ,king1 #be ,morgan1 the ,buccaneer1 #be ,jack ,junk1 #be ,davis1 the ,pirate1 #be ,valdez1 the ,pirate1 #be ,jack ,ariel1 #be ,gallant ,tom1 #be ,yankee ,jack1 #be ,harry ,helm1 #be ,harry ,tempest1 #be ,,revolution ,,tales4 ,seven ,bros4 of ,wyoming1 #be ,the ,brigand1 #be ,the ,rebel ,bride1 #be ,ralph ,runnion1 #be ,the ,flying ,artillerist1 #be ,old ,put1 #be ,wau-nan-gee1 #be ,the ,guerilla ,chief1 #ej ,,maitland',s ,,works4 ,the ,watchman1 #a #jj ,the ,wanderer1 #a #jj ,diary of an ,old ,doctor1 #a #jj ,the ,lawyer's ,story1 #a #jj ,above in cloth1 #a4be each4 ,,eugene ,,sue',s4 ,martin1 the ,foundling1 #a #jj ,wandering ,jew1 #a #jj ,mysteries of ,paris1 #a #jj ,first ,love1 #be ,woman's ,love1 #be ,man-of-,war's ,man1 #be ,female ,bluebeard1 #be ,raoul de ,surville1 #be ,,cook ,,books4 ,miss ,leslie's ,new ,cookery ,book1 #a #be ,widdifield's ,new ,cook ,book1 #a #jj ,mrs ,hale's ,four ,thousand ,five ,receipts1 #a #jj ,miss ,leslie's ,new ,receipts for ,cooking1 #a #jj ,mrs ,hale's new ,cook ,book1 #a #jj ,,arthur',s ,,works4 ,the ,two ,brides1 #be ,love in a ,cottage1 #be ,love in ,high ,life1 #be ,year after ,marriage1 #be ,the ,lady at ,home1 #be ,cecilia ,howard1 #be ,orphan ,children1 #be ,debtor's ,daughter1 #be ,mary ,moreton1 #be ,the ,divorced ,wife1 #be ,pride and ,prudence1 #be ,agnes1 or ,the ,possessed1 #be ,lucy ,sandford1 #be ,the ,banker's ,wife1 #be ,the ,two ,merchants1 #be ,insubordination1 #be ,trial and ,triumph1 #be ,the ,iron ,rule1 #be ,the ,old ,astrologer1 #be ,the ,seamstress1 #be ,,useful ,,books4 ,lardner's ,one ,thousand and ,ten ,things ,worth ,knowing1 #be ,how to get ,rich1 #be ,etiquette for ,all4 ,cloth1 #ge ,five ,languages without a ,master4 ,cloth1 #a #be ,pocket ,library of ,useful ,knowledge1 #ej ,lady's ,work ,table ,book1 #ej ,gentlemen's ,etiquette1 #be ,ladies' ,etiquette1 #be ,kitchen ,gardener1 #be ,complete ,florist1 #be ,knowlson's ,horse ,doctor1 #be ,knowlson's ,cow ,doctor1 #be ,arthur's ,receipts for ,putting up ,fruits and ,vegetables in ,summer to ,keep1 #ab ,,emerson ,,bennett',s4 ,the ,border ,rover1 #a #jj ,clara ,moreland1 #ej ,viola1 #ej ,bride of ,wilderness1 #ej ,ellen ,norbury1 #ej ,forged ,will1 #ej ,kate ,clarendon1 #ej ,pioneer's ,daughter1 #ej ,heiress of ,bellefonte2 and ,walde-,warren1 #ej ,,bulwer',s ,,novels4 ,the ,roue1 #be ,falkland1 #be ,the ,oxonians1 #be ,calderon1 the ,courtier1 #ab ,,by ,,best ,,authors4 ,currer ,lyle1 #a #jj ,modern ,chivalry1 cloth #a #be ,columbia1 the ,beautiful ,blonde1 #a #jj ,life and ,beauties of ,fanny ,fern1 #a #jj ,the ,pride of ,life1 #a #jj ,autobiography of an ,orphan ,girl1 #a #jj ,the ,student1 #a #jj ,adelaide ,waldgrave1 #ej ,greatest ,plague of ,life1 #ej ,uncle ,tom's ,cabin as it is1 #a #jj ,tom ,racquet1 #ej ,mysteries of ,three ,cities1 #ej ,red ,indians of ,newfoundland1 #ej ,roman ,traitor1 #a #jj ,salathiel1 by ,croley1 #ej ,aristocracy1 #ej ,inquisition in ,spain1 #ej ,flirtations in ,america1 #ej ,the ,coquette1 #ej ,arrah ,neil1 by ,james1 #ej ,life in the ,south1 #ej ,sketches in ,ireland1 #ej ,whitehall1 #ej ,whitefriars1 #ej ,wild ,sports of ,west1 #ej ,cabin and ,parlor1 #ej ,romish ,confessional1 #ej ,father ,clement1 #ej ,fortune ,hunter1 #ch ,genevra1 #ej ,miser's ,heir1 #ej ,victims of ,amusements1 #cg ,henry ,clay's ,portrait1 #a #jj ,siege of ,londonderry1 #cg ,the ,orphan ,sisters1 #ch ,two ,lovers1 #ej ,,adventures4 ,adventures in ,africa1 #a #jj ,adventures of ,ned ,lorn1 #a #jj ,don ,quixotte1 #a #jj ,wild ,oats ,sown ,abroad1 #ej ,life and ,adventures of ,paul ,periwinkle1 #ej ,,george ,,sands'4 ,first and ,true ,love1 #ej ,indiana1 #ej ,the ,corsair1 #be ,c4 ,j4 ,,peterson',s4 ,mabel2 or1 ,darkness and ,dawn1 #a #jj ,kate ,aylesford1 #a #jj ,cruising in ,last ,war1 #ej ,grace ,dudley1 #be ,valley ,farm1 #be ,,sermons4 ,america's ,mission1 #be ,thankfulness and ,character1 #be ,politics in ,religion1 #ab ,,dr4 ,,hollick',s4 ,anatomy ,physiology1 #a #jj ,dr4 ,hollick's ,family ,physician1 #be ,,quarter ,,books4 ,mysteries of a ,convent1 #be ,female ,life in ,new ,york1 #be ,agnes ,grey1 #be ,eva ,st4 ,clair1 #be ,diary of a ,physician1 #be ,emigrant ,squire1 #be ,monk1 by ,lewis1 #be ,beautiful ,french ,girl1 #be ,mysteries of ,bedlam1 #be ,abednego1 by ,mrs4 ,gore1 #be ,the ,orphan ,child1 #be ,ghost ,stories1 #be ,madison's ,exposition of ,odd ,fellowship1 #be ,abbey of ,innismoyle1 #be ,gliddon's ,ancient ,egypt1 #be ,josephine1 #be ,bell ,brandon1 #be ,philip in ,search of a ,wife1 #be ,admiral's ,daughter1 #be ,rody the ,rover1 #be ,jenny ,ambrose1 #be ,moreton ,hall1 #be ,agricultural ,chemistry1 #be ,animal ,chemistry1 #be ,liebig's ,potato ,disease1 #be ,rose ,warrington1 #be ,lady ,altamont1 #be ,the ,deformed1 and ,charity ,sister1 #be ,ryan's ,mysteries of ,marriage1 #be ,uncle ,tom in ,england1 #be ,,christy ,,white',s ,,song ,,books4 ,christy and ,wood's ,complete ,songster1 #ab ,melodeon ,song ,book1 #ab ,plantation ,melodies1 #ab ,ethiopian ,song ,book1 #ab ,serenader's ,song ,book1 #ab ,complete ,ethiopian ,melodies1 by ,christy and ,white4 ,cloth1 #ge #ab ,,cent ,,books4 ,seven ,poor ,travelers1 #ab ,the ,schoolboy1 #ab ,lizzie ,leigh1 #ab ,christmas ,carol1 #ab ,the ,chimes1 #ab ,cricket on the ,hearth1 #ab ,battle of ,life1 #ab ,haunted ,man1 #ab ,sister ,rose1 #ab ,yellow ,mask1 #ab ,mother ,step ,mother1 #ab ,a ,wife's ,story1 #ab ,odd ,fellowship ,exposed1 #ab ,mormonism ,exposed1 #ab ,duties of ,woman1 by ,lucretia ,mott1 #ab ,the ,holly-,tree ,inn1 #ab ,life of ,john ,maffit1 #ab ,euchre and its ,laws1 #ab ,throne of ,iniquity1 #ab ,dr4 ,berg on ,jesuits1 #ab ,dr4 ,berg's ,answer to ,archbishop ,hughes1 #ab ,,charles ,,dickens' ,,works4 ,the best and most popular in the world4 ,ten different editions4 ,no ,library can be complete without a ,sett of these ,works4 ,reprinted from the ,author's last ,editions4 ,,peterson',s is the only complete and uniform edition of ,charles ,dickens' works published in ,america2 they are reprinted from the original ,london editions1 and are now the only edition published in this country4 ,no library1 either public or private1 can be complete without having in it a complete sett of the works of this1 the greatest of all living authors4 ,every family should possess a sett of one of the editions4 ,the cheap edition is complete in ,twelve ,volumes1 paper cover2 either or all of which can be had separately4 ,price ,fifty cents each4 ,the following are their names4 ,,david ,,copperfield1 ,,nicholas ,,nickleby1 ,,pickwick ,,papers1 ,,dombey ,,and ,,son1 ,,martin ,,chuzzlewit1 ,,barnaby ,,rudge1 ,,old ,,curiosity ,,shop1 ,,sketches ,,by ,,boz1 ,,oliver ,,twist1 ,,bleak ,,house1 ,,dickens' ,,new ,,stories4 ,containing-- ,the ,seven ,poor ,travellers4 ,nine ,new ,stories by the ,christmas ,fire4 ,hard ,times4 ,lizzie ,leigh4 ,the ,miner's ,daughters1 etc4 ,,christmas ,,stories4 ,containing-- ,a ,christmas ,carol4 ,the ,chimes4 ,cricket on the ,hearth4 ,battle of ,life4 ,haunted ,man1 and ,pictures from ,italy4 ,a complete sett of the above edition1 twelve volumes in all1 will be sent to any one to any place1 free of postage1 for ,five ,dollars4 ,,complete ,,library ,,edition4 ,in ,,five large octavo volumes1 with a ,portrait1 on ,steel1 of ,charles ,dickens1 containing over ,four ,thousand very large pages1 handsomely printed1 and bound in various styles4 ,volume #a contains ,pickwick ,papers and ,curiosity ,shop4 #b do4 ,oliver ,twist1 ,sketches by ,boz1 and ,barnaby ,rudge4 #c do4 ,nicholas ,nickleby and ,martin ,chuzzlewit4 #d do4 ,david ,copperfield1 ,dombey and ,son1 ,christmas ,stories1 and ,pictures from ,italy4 #e do4 ,bleak ,house1 and ,dickens' ,new ,stories4 ,containing-- ,the ,seven ,poor ,travellers4 ,nine ,new ,stories by the ,christmas ,fire4 ,hard ,times4 ,lizzie ,leigh4 ,the ,miner's ,daughters1 and ,fortune ,wildred1 etc4 ,price of a complete sett4 ,bound in ,black cloth1 full gilt back1 #g #ej scarlet cloth1 extra1 #h #ej library sheep1 #i #jj half turkey morocco1 #aa #jj half calf1 antique1 #ae #jj ,illustrated ,edition is described on next page4 ,,illustrated ,,edition ,,of ,,dickens' ,,works4 ,this edition is printed on very thick and fine white paper1 and is profusely illustrated1 with all the original illustrations by ,cruikshank1 ,alfred ,crowquill1 ,phiz1 etc41 from the original ,london edition1 on copper1 steel1 and wood4 ,each volume contains a novel complete1 and may be had in complete setts1 beautifully bound in cloth1 for ,eighteen ,dollars for the sett in twelve volumes1 or any volume will be sold separately1 as follows3 ,,bleak ,,house1 ,price1 #a #ej ,,pickwick ,,papers1 #a #ej ,,old ,,curiosity ,,shop1 #a #ej ,,oliver ,,twist1 #a #ej ,,sketches ,,by ,,boz1 #a #ej ,,barnaby ,,rudge1 #a #ej ,,nicholas ,,nickleby1 #a #ej ,,martin ,,chuzzlewit1 #a #ej ,,david ,,copperfield1 #a #ej ,,dombey ,,and ,,son1 #a #ej ,,christmas ,,stories1 #a #ej ,,dickens' ,,new ,,stories1 #a #ej ,price of a complete sett of the ,illustrated ,edition1 in twelve vols41 in black cloth1 gilt back1 #ah1jj ,price of a complete sett of the ,illustrated ,edition1 in twelve vols41 in full law library sheep1 #bd1jj ,price of a complete sett of the ,illustrated edition1 in twelve vols41 in half turkey ,morocco1 #bg1jj ,price of a complete sett of the ,illustrated ,edition1 in twelve vols41 in half calf1 antique1 #cf1jj ,all subsequent works by ,charles ,dickens will be issued in uniform style with all the previous ten different editions4 ,,captain ,,marryatt',s ,,works4 ,either of which can be had separately4 ,price of all except the four last is #be cents each4 ,they are printed on the finest white paper1 and each forms one large octavo volume1 complete in itself4 ,,peter ,,simple4 ,,jacob ,,faithful4 ,,the ,,phantom ,,ship4 ,,midshipman ,,easy4 ,,king',s ,,own4 ,,newton ,,forster4 ,,japhet ,,in ,,search ,,of ,a ,,father4 ,,pacha ,,of ,,many ,,tales4 ,,naval ,,officer4 ,,pirate ,,and ,,three ,,cutters4 ,,snarleyow2 or1 the ,dog-,fiend4 ,,percival ,,keene4 ,price #ej cts4 ,,poor ,,jack4 ,price #ej cents4 ,,sea ,,king4 #bjj pages4 ,price #ej cents4 ,,valerie4 ,his last ,novel4 ,price #ej cents4 ,,ellen ,,pickering',s ,,novels4 ,either of which can be had separately4 ,price #be cents each4 ,they are printed on the finest white paper1 and each forms one large octavo volume1 complete in itself1 neatly bound in a strong paper cover4 ,,the ,,orphan ,,niece4 ,,kate ,,walsingham4 ,,the ,,poor ,,cousin4 ,,ellen ,,wareham4 ,,the ,,quiet ,,husband4 ,,who ,,shall ,,be ,,heir8 ,,the ,,secret ,,foe4 ,,agnes ,,serle4 ,,the ,,heiress4 ,,prince ,,and ,,pedler4 ,,merchant',s ,,daughter4 ,,the ,,fright4 ,,nan ,,darrell4 ,,the ,,squire4 ,,the ,,expectant4 ,,the ,,grumbler4 #ej cts4 ,,mrs4 ,,caroline ,,lee ,,hentz',s ,,works4 ,,courtship ,,and ,,marriage2 ,,or1 ,,the ,,joys ,,and ,,sorrows ,,of ,,american ,,life4 ,with a ,portrait of the ,author4 ,complete in two large volumes1 paper cover1 price ,one ,dollar1 or bound in one volume1 cloth gilt1 for ,one ,dollar and ,twenty-five cents4 ,,the ,,planter',s ,,northern ,,bride4 ,with illustrations4 ,complete in two large volumes1 paper cover1 #fjj pages1 price ,one ,dollar1 or bound in one volume1 cloth gilt1 ,one ,dollar and ,twenty-five cents4 ,,linda2 ,,or1 ,,the ,,young ,,pilot ,,of ,,the ,,belle ,,creole4 ,complete in two volumes1 paper cover1 price ,one ,dollar1 or bound in one volume1 cloth gilt1 for ,one ,dollar and ,twenty-five cents4 ,,robert ,,graham4 ,the ,sequel to1 and continuation of ,linda4 ,being the last book but one that ,mrs4 ,hentz wrote prior to her death4 ,complete in two large volumes1 paper cover1 price ,one ,dollar1 or bound in one volume1 cloth gilt1 for ,one ,dollar and ,twenty-five cents4 ,,rena2 ,,or1 ,,the ,,snow ,,bird4 ,a ,tale of ,real ,life4 ,complete in two volumes1 paper cover1 price ,one ,dollar1 or bound in one volume1 cloth gilt1 for ,one ,dollar and ,twenty-five cents4 ,,marcus ,,warland2 ,,or1 ,,the ,,long ,,moss ,,spring4 ,a ,tale of the ,south4 ,complete in two volumes1 paper cover1 price ,one ,dollar1 or bound in one volume1 cloth gilt1 ,one ,dollar and ,twenty-five cents4 ,,love ,,after ,,marriage2 and other ,stories4 ,complete in two volumes1 paper cover1 price ,one ,dollar1 or bound in one volume1 cloth gilt1 for ,one ,dollar and ,twenty-five cents4 ,,eoline2 ,,or1 ,,magnolia ,,vale4 ,complete in two volumes1 paper cover1 price ,one ,dollar1 or bound in one volume1 cloth gilt1 #a #be4 ,,the ,,banished ,,son2 and other ,stories4 ,complete in two volumes1 paper cover1 price ,one ,dollar1 or bound in one volume1 cloth gilt1 #a #be4 ,,helen ,,and ,,arthur4 ,complete in two volumes1 paper cover1 price ,one ,dollar1 or bound in one volume1 cloth gilt1 #a #be4 ,the whole of the above are also published in a very fine style1 bound in the very best and most elegant and substantial manner1 in full ,crimson1 with beautifully gilt edges1 full gilt sides1 gilt backs1 etc41 etc41 making them the best and most acceptable books for presentation at the price1 published in the country4 ,price of either one in this style1 ,two ,dollars4 ,t4 ,s4 ,,arthur',s ,,works4 ,either of which can be had separately4 ,price #be cents each4 ,they are the most moral1 popular and entertaining in the world4 ,there are no better books to place in the hands of the young4 ,all will profit by them4 ,,year ,,after ,,marriage4 ,,the ,,divorced ,,wife4 ,,the ,,banker',s ,,wife4 ,,pride ,,and ,,prudence4 ,,cecilia ,,howard4 ,,mary ,,moreton4 ,,love ,,in ,a ,,cottage4 ,,love ,,in ,,high ,,life4 ,,the ,,two ,,merchants4 ,,lady ,,at ,,home4 ,,trial ,,and ,,triumph4 ,,the ,,orphan ,,children4 ,,the ,,debtor',s ,,daughter4 ,,insubordination4 ,,lucy ,,sandford4 ,,agnes1 or ,the ,possessed4 ,,the ,,two ,,brides4 ,,the ,,iron ,,rule4 ,,the ,,old ,,astrologer4 ,,the ,,seamstress4 ,,charles ,,lever',s ,,novels4 ,,charles ,o',,malley1 the ,irish ,dragoon4 ,by ,charles ,lever4 ,complete in one large octavo volume of #cbd pages4 ,price ,fifty cents2 of an edition on finer paper1 bound in cloth1 illustrated4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,the ,,knight ,,of ,,gwynne4 ,a tale of the time of the ,union4 ,by ,charles ,lever4 ,complete in one fine octavo volume4 ,price ,fifty cents2 or an edition on finer paper1 bound in cloth1 illustrated4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,jack ,,hinton1 the ,guardsman4 ,by ,charles ,lever4 ,complete in one large octavo volume of #djj pages4 ,price ,fifty cents2 or an edition on finer paper1 bound in cloth1 illustrated4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,tom ,,burke ,,of ,,ours4 ,by ,charles ,lever4 ,complete in one large octavo volume of #cjj pages4 ,price ,fifty cents2 or an edition on finer paper1 bound in cloth1 illustrated4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,arthur ,o',,leary4 ,by ,charles ,lever4 ,complete in one large octavo volume4 ,price ,fifty cents2 or an edition on finer paper1 bound in cloth1 illustrated4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,kate ,o',,donoghue4 ,a ,tale of ,ireland4 ,by ,charles ,lever4 ,complete in one large octavo volume4 ,price ,fifty cents2 or an edition on finer paper1 bound in cloth1 illustrated4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,horace ,,templeton4 ,by ,charles ,lever4 ,this is ,lever's ,new ,book4 ,complete in one large octavo volume4 ,price ,fifty cents2 or an edition on finer paper1 bound in cloth1 illustrated4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,harry ,,lorrequer4 ,by ,charles ,lever1 author of the above seven works4 ,complete in one octavo volume of #djb pages4 ,price ,fifty cents2 or an edition on finer paper1 bound in cloth1 illustrated4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,valentine ,,vox4--,,life ,,and ,,adventures ,,of ,,valentine ,,vox1 the ,ventriloquist4 ,by ,henry ,cockton4 ,one of the most humorous books ever published4 ,price ,fifty cents2 or an edition on finer paper1 bound in cloth4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,percy ,,effingham4 ,by ,henry ,cockton1 author of ,valentine ,vox1 the ,ventriloquist4 ,one large octavo volume4 ,price #ej cents4 ,,ten ,,thousand ,a ,,year4 ,by ,samuel ,c4 ,warren4 ,with ,portraits of ,snap1 ,quirk1 ,gammon1 and ,tittlebat ,titmouse1 ,esq4 ,two large octavo vols41 of #edg pages4 ,price ,one ,dollar2 or an edition on finer paper1 bound in cloth1 #a4ej4 ,,charles ,j4 ,,peterson',s ,,works4 ,,kate ,,aylesford4 ,a story of the ,refugees4 ,one of the most popular books ever printed4 ,complete in two large volumes1 paper cover4 ,price ,one ,dollar2 or bound in one volume1 cloth1 gilt4 ,price #a #be4 ,,cruising ,,in ,,the ,,last ,,war4 ,a ,naval ,story of the ,war of #ahab4 ,first and ,second ,series4 ,being the complete work1 unabridged4 ,by ,charles ,j4 ,peterson4 #bbh octavo pages4 ,price #ej cents4 ,,grace ,,dudley2 ,,or1 ,,arnold ,,at ,,saratoga4 ,by ,charles ,j4 ,peterson4 ,illustrated4 ,price #be cents4 ,,the ,,valley ,,farm2 ,,or1 the ,,autobiography ,,of ,,an ,,orphan4 ,a companion to ,jane ,eyre4 ,price #be cents4 ,,eugene ,,sue',s ,,novels4 ,,the ,,mysteries ,,of ,,paris2 ,,and ,,gerolstein1 the ,sequel to it4 ,by ,eugene ,sue1 author of the ,wandering ,jew1 and the greatest work ever written4 ,with illustrations4 ,complete in two large volumes1 octavo4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,the ,,illustrated ,,wandering ,,jew4 ,by ,eugene ,sue4 ,with #hg large illustrations4 ,two large octavo volumes4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,the ,,female ,,bluebeard2 or1 the ,woman with many ,husbands4 ,by ,eugene ,sue4 ,price ,twenty-five cents4 ,,first ,,love4 ,a ,story of the ,heart4 ,by ,eugene ,sue4 ,price ,twenty-five cents4 ,,woman',s ,,love4 ,a ,novel4 ,by ,eugene ,sue4 ,illustrated4 ,price ,twenty-five cents4 ,,man-,,of-,,war',s-,,man4 ,a ,tale of the ,sea4 ,by ,eugene ,sue4 ,price ,twenty-five cents4 ,,raoul ,,de ,,surville2 or1 the ,times of ,napoleon ,bonaparte in #ahaj4 ,price ,twenty-five cents4 ,,sir ,e4 ,l4 ,,bulwer',s ,,novels4 ,,falkland4 ,a ,novel4 ,by ,sir ,e4 ,l4 ,bulwer1 author of ,the ,roue1 ,oxonians1 etc4 ,one volume1 octavo4 ,price #be cents4 ,,the ,,roue2 ,,or ,,the ,,hazards ,,of ,,women4 ,price #be cents4 ,,the ,,oxonians4 ,a ,sequel to the ,roue4 ,price #be cents4 ,,calderon ,,the ,,courtier4 ,by ,bulwer4 ,price #ab cents4 ,,mrs4 ,,grey',s ,,novels4 ,either of which can be had separately4 ,price #be cents each4 ,they are printed on the finest white paper1 and each forms one large octavo volume1 complete in itself1 neatly bound in a strong paper cover4 ,,duke ,,and ,,the ,,cousin4 ,,gipsy',s ,,daughter4 ,,belle ,,of ,,the ,,family4 ,,sybil ,,lennard4 ,,the ,,little ,,wife4 ,,man,,uvring ,,mother4 ,,lena ,,cameron2 or1 the ,four ,sisters4 ,,the ,,baronet',s ,,daughters4 ,,the ,,young ,,prima ,,donna4 ,,the ,,old ,,dower ,,house4 ,,hyacinthe4 ,,alice ,,seymour4 ,,harry ,,monk4 ,,mary ,,seaham4 #bej pages4 ,price #ej cents4 ,,passion ,,and ,,principle4 #bjj pages4 ,price #ej cents4 ,,george ,w4 ,m4 ,,reynold',s ,,works4 ,,the ,,necromancer4 ,a ,romance of the times of ,henry the ,eighth4 ,by ,g4 ,w4 ,m4 ,reynolds4 ,one large volume4 ,price #ge cents4 ,,the ,,parricide2 ,,or1 ,,the ,,youth',s ,,career ,,in ,,crime4 ,by ,g4 ,w4 ,m4 ,reynolds4 ,full of beautiful illustrations4 ,price #ej cents4 ,,life ,,in ,,paris2 ,,or1 ,,the ,,adventures ,,of ,,alfred ,,de ,,rosann ,,in ,,the ,,metropolis ,,of ,,france4 ,by ,g4 ,w4 ,m4 ,reynolds4 ,full of ,engravings4 ,price #ej cents4 ,,ainsworth',s ,,works4 ,,jack ,,sheppard4--,,pictorial ,,life ,,and ,,adventures ,,of ,,jack ,,sheppard1 the most noted burglar1 robber1 and jail breaker1 that ever lived4 ,embellished with ,thirty-nine1 full page1 spirited ,illustrations1 designed and engraved in the finest style of art1 by ,george ,cruikshank1 ,esq41 of ,london4 ,price ,fifty cents4 ,,illustrated ,,tower ,,of ,,london4 ,with #ajj splendid engravings4 ,this is beyond all doubt one of the most interesting works ever published in the known world1 and can be read and re-read with pleasure and satisfaction by everybody4 ,we advise all persons to get it and read it4 ,two volumes1 octavo4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,pictorial ,,life ,,and ,,adventures ,,of ,,guy ,,fawkes1 ,the ,chief of the ,gunpowder ,treason4 ,the ,bloody ,tower1 etc4 ,illustrated4 ,by ,william ,harrison ,ainsworth4 #bjj pages4 ,price ,fifty cents4 ,,the ,,star ,,chamber1 ,an ,historical ,romance4 ,by ,w4 ,harrison ,ainsworth4 ,with #ag large full page illustrations4 ,price #ej cents4 ,,the ,,pictorial ,,old ,,st4 ,,paul',s4 ,by ,william ,harrison ,ainsworth4 ,full of ,illustrations4 ,price ,fifty cents4 ,,mysteries ,,of ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,queen ,,anne4 ,by ,william ,harrison ,ainsworth4 ,price ,fifty cents4 ,,mysteries ,,of ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,the ,,stuarts4 ,by ,ainsworth4 ,being one of the most interesting ,historical ,romances ever written4 ,one large volume4 ,price ,fifty cents4 ,,dick ,,turpin4--,,illustrated ,,life ,,of ,,dick ,,turpin1 the ,highwayman1 ,burglar1 ,murderer1 etc4 ,price ,twenty-five cents4 ,,henry ,,thomas4--,,life ,,of ,,harry ,,thomas1 the ,western ,burglar and ,murderer4 ,full of ,engravings4 ,price ,twenty-five cents4 ,,desperadoes4--,,illustrated ,,life ,,and ,,adventures ,,of ,,the ,,desperadoes ,,of ,,the ,,new ,,world4 ,full of engravings4 ,price ,twenty-five cents4 ,,ninon ,,de ,l',,enclos4--,,life ,,and ,,adventures ,,of ,,ninon ,,de ,l',,enclos1 with her ,letters on ,love1 ,courtship and ,marriage4 ,illustrated4 ,price ,twenty-five cents4 ,,the ,,pictorial ,,newgate ,,calendar2 or the ,chronicles of ,crime4 ,beautifully illustrated with ,fifteen ,engravings4 ,price ,fifty cents4 ,,pictorial ,,life ,,and ,,adventures ,,of ,,davy ,,crockett4 ,written by himself4 ,beautifully illustrated4 ,price ,fifty cents4 ,,life ,,and ,,adventures ,,of ,,arthur ,,spring1 the murderer of ,mrs4 ,ellen ,lynch and ,mrs4 ,honora ,shaw1 with a complete history of his life and misdeeds1 from the time of his birth until he was hung4 ,illustrated with portraits4 ,price ,twenty-five cents4 ,,jack ,,adams4--,,pictorial ,,life ,,and ,,adventures ,,of ,,jack ,,adams2 the celebrated ,sailor and ,mutineer4 ,by ,captain ,chamier1 author of ,the ,spitfire4 ,full of illustrations4 ,price ,fifty cents4 ,,grace ,o',,malley4--,,pictorial ,,life ,,and ,,adventures ,,of ,,grace ,o',,malley4 ,by ,william ,h4 ,maxwell1 author of ,wild ,sports in the ,west4 ,price ,fifty cents4 ,,the ,,pirate',s ,,son4 ,a ,sea ,novel of great interest4 ,full of beautiful illustrations4 ,price ,twenty-five cents4 ,,alexandre ,,dumas' ,,works4 ,,the ,,iron ,,mask1 ,,or ,,the ,,feats ,,and ,,adventures ,,of ,,raoule ,,de ,,bragelonne4 ,being the conclusion of ,the ,three ,guardsmen1 ,twenty ,years ,after1 and ,bragelonne4 ,by ,alexandre ,dumas4 ,complete in two large volumes1 of #dbj octavo pages1 with beautifully ,illustrated ,covers1 ,portraits1 and ,engravings4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,louise ,,la ,,valliere2 ,,or ,,the ,,second ,,series ,,and ,,final ,,end ,,of ,,the ,,iron ,,mask4 ,by ,alexandre ,dumas4 ,this work is the final end of ,the ,three ,guardsmen1 ,twenty ,years ,after1 ,bragelonne1 and ,the ,iron ,mask1 and is of far more interesting and absorbing interest1 than any of its predecessors4 ,complete in two large octavo volumes of over #djj pages1 printed on the best of paper1 beautifully illustrated4 ,it also contains correct ,portraits of ,louise ,la ,valliere1 and ,the ,hero of the ,iron ,mask4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,the ,,memoirs ,,of ,a ,,physician2 ,,or ,,the ,,secret ,,history ,,of ,,louis ,,the ,,fifteenth4 ,by ,alexandre ,dumas4 ,it is beautifully embellished with thirty engravings1 which illustrate the principal scenes and characters of the different heroines throughout the work4 ,complete in two large octavo volumes4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,the ,,queen',s ,,necklace3 ,,or ,,the ,,secret ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,louis ,,the ,,sixteenth4 ,a ,sequel to the ,memoirs of a ,physician4 ,by ,alexandre ,dumas4 ,it is beautifully illustrated with portraits of the heroines of the work4 ,complete in two large octavo volumes of over #djj pages4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,six ,,years ,,later2 ,,or ,,the ,,taking ,,of ,,the ,,bastile4 ,by ,alexandre ,dumas4 ,being the continuation of ,the ,queen's ,necklace2 or the ,secret ,history of the ,court of ,louis the ,sixteenth1 and ,memoirs of a ,physician4 ,complete in one large octavo volume1 ,price ,seventy-five cents4 ,,countess ,,de ,,charny2 ,,or ,,the ,,fall ,,of ,,the ,,french ,,monarchy4 ,by ,alexandre ,dumas4 ,this work is the final conclusion of the ,memoirs of a ,physician1 ,the ,queen's ,necklace1 and ,six ,years ,later1 or ,taking of the ,bastile4 ,all persons who have not read ,dumas in this1 his greatest and most instructive production1 should begin at once1 and no pleasure will be found so agreeable1 and nothing in novel form so useful and absorbing4 ,complete in two volumes1 beautifully illustrated4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,diana ,,of ,,meridor2 ,,the ,,lady ,,of ,,monsoreau2 or ,france in the ,sixteenth ,century4 ,by ,alexandre ,dumas4 ,an ,historical ,romance4 ,complete in two large octavo volumes of #ech pages1 with numerous illustrative engravings4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,isabel ,,of ,,bavaria2 or the ,chronicles of ,france for the reign of ,charles the ,sixth4 ,complete in one fine octavo volume of #baa pages1 printed on the finest white paper4 ,price ,fifty cents4 ,,edmond ,,dantes4 ,being the sequel to ,dumas' celebrated novel of the ,count of ,monte ,cristo4 ,with elegant illustrations4 ,complete in one large octavo volume of over #bjj pages4 ,price ,fifty cents4 ,,the ,,corsican ,,brothers4 ,this work has already been dramatized2 and is now played in all the theatres of ,europe and in this country1 and it is exciting an extraordinary interest4 ,price ,twenty-five cents4 ,,sketches ,,in ,,france4 ,by ,alexandra ,dumas4 ,it is as good a book as ,thackeray's ,sketches in ,ireland4 ,dumas never wrote a better book4 ,it is the most delightful book of the season4 ,price ,fifty cents4 ,,genevieve1 ,,or ,,the ,,chevalier ,,of ,,the ,,maison ,,rouge4 ,by ,alexandre ,dumas4 ,an ,historical ,romance of the ,french ,revolution4 ,complete in one large octavo volume of over #bjj pages1 with numerous illustrative engravings4 ,price ,fifty cents4 ,,george ,,lippard',s ,,works4 ,,washington ,,and ,,his ,,generals2 or1 ,legends of the ,american ,revolution4 ,complete in two large octavo volumes of #ech pages1 printed on the finest white paper4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,the ,,quaker ,,city2 or1 the ,monks of ,monk ,hall4 ,a ,romance of ,philadelphia ,life1 ,mystery and ,crime4 ,illustrated with numerous ,engravings4 ,complete in two large octavo volumes of #ejj pages4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,the ,,ladye ,,of ,,albarone2 or1 the ,poison ,goblet4 ,a ,romance of the ,dark ,ages4 ,lippard's ,last ,work1 and never before published4 ,complete in one large octavo volume4 ,price ,seventy-five cents4 ,,paul ,,ardenheim2 the ,monk of ,wissahickon4 ,a ,romance of the ,revolution4 ,illustrated with numerous engravings4 ,complete in two large octavo volumes1 of nearly #fjj pages4 ,price ,one ,dollar4 ,,blanche ,,of ,,brandywine2 or1 ,september the ,eleventh1 #aggg4 ,a ,romance of the ,poetry1 ,legends1 and ,history of the ,battle of ,brandywine4 ,it makes a large octavo volume of #cej pages1 printed on the finest white paper4 ,price ,seventy-five cents4 ,,legends ,,of ,,mexico2 or1 ,battles of ,general ,zachary ,taylor1 late ,president of the ,united ,states4 ,complete in one octavo volume of #abc pages4 ,price ,twenty-five cents4 ,,the ,,nazarene2 or1 the ,last of the ,washingtons4 ,a ,revelation of ,philadelphia1 ,new ,york1 and ,washington1 in the year #ahdd4 ,complete in one volume4 ,price ,fifty cents4 ,b4 ,d',,israeli',s ,,novels4 ,,vivian ,,grey4 ,by ,b4 ,d',israeli1 ,m4 ,p4 ,complete in one large octavo volume of #bbe pages4 ,price ,fifty cents4 ,,the ,,young ,,duke2 or the younger days of ,george the ,fourth4 ,by ,b4 ,d',israeli1 ,m4 ,p4 ,one octavo volume4 ,price ,thirty-eight cents4 ,,venetia2 or1 ,lord ,byron and his ,daughter4 ,by ,b4 ,d',israeli1 ,m4 ,p4 ,complete in one large octavo volume4 ,price ,fifty cents4 ,,henrietta ,,temple4 ,a ,love ,story4 ,by ,b4 ,d',israeli1 ,m4 ,p4 ,complete in one large octavo volume4 ,price ,fifty cents4 ,,contarina ,,fleming4 ,an ,autobiography4 ,by ,b4 ,d',israeli1 ,m4 ,p4 ,one volume1 octavo4 ,price ,thirty-eight cents4 ,,miriam ,,alroy4 ,a ,romance of the ,twelfth ,century4 ,by ,b4 ,d',israeli1 ,m4 ,p4 ,one volume octavo4 ,price ,thirty-eight cents4 ,,emerson ,,bennett',s ,,works4 ,,clara ,,moreland4 ,this is a powerfully written romance4 ,the characters are boldly drawn1 the plot striking1 the incidents replete with thrilling interest1 and the language and descriptions natural and graphic1 as are all of ,mr4 ,bennett's ,works4 #ccf pages4 ,price #ej cents in paper cover1 or ,one ,dollar in cloth1 gilt4 ,,viola2 ,,or1 ,,adventures ,,in ,,the ,,far ,,south-,,west4 ,complete in one large volume4 ,price #ej cents in paper cover1 or #ge cents in cloth1 gilt4 ,,the ,,forged ,,will4 ,complete in one large volume1 of over #chj pages1 paper cover1 price #ej cents2 or bound in cloth1 gilt1 price #a #jj4 ,,kate ,,clarendon2 ,,or1 ,,necromancy ,,in ,,the ,,wilderness4 ,price #ej cents in paper cover1 or #ge cents in cloth1 gilt4 ,,bride ,,of ,,the ,,wilderness4 ,complete in one large volume4 ,price #ej cents in paper cover1 or #ge cents in cloth1 gilt4 ,,the ,,pioneer',s ,,daughter2 and ,,the ,,unknown ,,countess4 ,by ,emerson ,bennett4 ,price #ej cents4 ,,heiress ,,of ,,bellefonte2 and ,,walde-,,warren4 ,a ,tale of ,circumstantial ,evidence4 ,by ,emerson ,bennett4 ,price #ej cents4 ,,ellen ,,norbury2 ,,or1 ,,the ,,adventures ,,of ,,an ,,orphan4 ,complete in one large volume1 price #ej cents in paper cover1 or in cloth gilt1 #a #jj4 ,,miss ,,leslie',s ,,new ,,cook ,,book4 ,,miss ,,leslie',s ,,new ,,receipts ,,for ,,cooking4 ,comprising new and approved methods of preparing all kinds of soups1 fish1 oysters1 terrapins1 turtle1 vegetables1 meats1 poultry1 game1 sauces1 pickles1 sweetmeats1 cakes1 pies1 puddings1 confectionery1 rice1 ,indian meal preparations of all kinds1 domestic liquors1 perfumery1 remedies1 laundry-work1 needle-work1 letters1 additional receipts1 etc4 ,also1 list of articles suited to go together for breakfasts1 dinners1 and suppers1 and much useful information and many miscellaneous subjects connected with general house-wifery4 ,it is an elegantly printed duodecimo volume of #ebj pages2 and in it there will be found ,one ,thousand and ,eleven new ,receipts--all useful--some ornamental--and all invaluable to every lady1 miss1 or family in the world4 ,this work has had a very extensive sale1 and many thousand copies have been sold1 and the demand is increasing yearly1 being the most complete work of the kind published in the world1 and also the latest and best1 as1 in addition to ,cookery1 its receipts for making cakes and confectionery are unequalled by any other work extant4 ,new edition1 enlarged and improved1 and handsomely bound4 ,price ,one ,dollar a copy only4 ,this is the only new ,cook ,book by ,miss ,leslie4 ,,george ,,sand',s ,,works4 ,,first ,,and ,,true ,,love4 ,a ,true ,love ,story4 ,by ,george ,sand1 author of ,consuelo1 ,indiana1 etc4 ,it is one of the most charming and interesting works ever published4 ,illustrated4 ,price #ej cents4 ,,indiana4 ,by ,george ,sand1 author of ,first and ,true ,love1 etc4 ,a very bewitching and interesting work4 ,price #ej cents4 ,,the ,,corsair4 ,a ,venetian ,tale4 ,price #be cents4 ,,great ,,inducements ,,for #aheh6 ,,now ,,is ,,the ,,time ,,to ,,get ,,up ,,clubs4 ,,peterson',s ,,magazine ,,the ,,best ,,in ,,the ,,world ,,for ,,ladies6 ,,only ,,two ,,dollars ,a ,,year4 ,this popular monthly ,magazine will be greatly improved1 as well as enlarged for #aheb4 ,it will contain over #ijj pages yearly2 from #be to #cj ,steel ,plates2 and #fjj ,wood ,engravings4 ,this is more1 proportionately1 than any periodical gives4 ,the ,newspaper ,press calls this ,magazine ,,the ,,cheapest ,,in ,,the ,,world4 ,,its ,,thrilling ,,original ,,stories4 ,the editors are ,mrs4 ,ann ,s4 ,stephens1 author of ,the ,old ,homestead1 ,fashion and ,famine1 and ,charles ,j4 ,peterson1 author of ,kate ,aylesford1 ,the ,valley ,farm1 etc41 etc42 and they are assisted by ,mrs4 ,e4 ,d4 ,e4 ,n4 ,southworth1 author of ,the ,lost ,heiress1 ,vivia1 ,retribution1 etc41 etc42 by ,alice ,carey1 ,mrs4 ,denison1 ,miss ,townsend1 ,miss ,fairfield1 ,carry ,stanley1 ,clara ,moreton1 ,hetty ,holyoke1 and by all the most popular female writers of ,america4 ,new talent is continually being added1 regardless of expense1 so as to keep ,peterson's ,magazine unapproachable in merit4 ,morality and virtue are always inculcated4 ,,its ,,superb ,,mezzotints1 ,,and ,,other ,,steel ,,engravings1 ,are the best published anywhere2 and at the end of each year are alone worth the subscription price4 ,,colored ,,fashion ,,plates ,,in ,,advance4 ,each number contains a ,fashion ,plate1 engraved on ,steel1 and colored2 also a dozen or more ,new ,styles1 engraved on ,wood2 also1 a ,pattern1 from which a ,dress1 ,mantilla1 or ,child's ,costume1 can be cut1 without the aid of a mantua-maker1 so that each ,number1 in this way1 will save a year's subscription4 ,the ,paris1 ,london1 ,philadelphia1 and ,new ,york ,fashions are described at length1 each month4 ,patterns of ,caps1 ,bonnets1 ,head-dresses1 etc41 given2 in short1 of every article of female dress4 ,colored ,patterns for ,embroidery1 etc4 ,embroidery ,patterns engraved for every ,number1 with instructions how to work them2 also1 ,patterns in ,knitting1 ,inserting1 ,broiderie ,anglaise1 ,netting1 ,frivolite1 ,lace-making1 etc41 etc4 ,also1 ,patterns for ,sleeves1 ,collars1 and ,chemisettes2 ,patterns in ,bead-work1 ,hair-work1 ,shell-work2 ,handkerchief ,corners2 ,names for ,marking and ,initials4 ,occasionally1 ,,superb ,,colored ,,patterns ,,for ,,embroidery1 ,,etc41 are given1 each of which1 at a retail store1 would cost ,fifty ,cents4 ,a piece of fashionable ,music is published every month4 ,also1 ,new ,receipts for ,cooking1 the ,sick-room1 the ,toilet1 ,nursery1 etc41 etc42 and everything required in the ,household4 ,,terms3--,,always ,,in ,,advance4 ,one ,copy for ,one ,year1 #b4jj ,three ,copies for ,one ,year1 #e4jj ,five ,copies for ,one ,year1 #g4ej ,eight ,copies for ,one ,year1 #aj4jj ,twelve ,copies for ,one ,year1 #ae4jj ,sixteen ,copies for ,one ,year1 #bj4jj ,,premiums ,,for ,,making ,,up ,,clubs4--,three1 ,five1 ,eight1 ,twelve1 or ,sixteen copies make a ,club4 ,to every person getting up a ,club of ,three1 and remitting ,five ,dollars2 or a ,club of ,five1 and remitting ,seven ,dollars and a ,half2 or a ,club of ,eight1 and remitting ,ten ,dollars2 we will send1 gratis1 a copy of our ,casket for #aheh1 a book of costly ,engravings1 #dj in number4 ,to every person getting up a ,club of ,twelve1 and remitting ,fifteen ,dollars2 we will send either an extra copy of the ,magazine for #aheh1 or a ,casket1 as the remitter may prefer4 ,to every person getting up a ,club of ,sixteen1 and remitting ,twenty ,dollars1 we will send both the ,casket and an extra copy for #aheh4 ,or to any person getting up a ,club1 and entitled to the ,casket1 we will send1 if preferred1 a copy of the ,magazine for #aheg4 ,any person may get up a ,club4 ,specimens sent gratuitously1 if written for1 post-paid4 ,address1 post-paid1 ,,charles ,j4 ,,peterson1 ,no4 #cjf ,,chestnut ,,st41 ,,philadelphia4 ,,transcriber ,,note ,italic text is denoted by underscores4 ,the 'pointing hand' symbols have been replaced by or 4 ,obvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected after careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consultation of external sources4 ,spelling has been left as found in the original text2 variations in spelling and hyphenation have been retained as well 7for example3 pearlash1 pearl-ash2 quick lime1 quick-lime1 quicklime2 spoonsful1 spoonfuls71 except for those changes detailed below4 p4 #c 'man s for' replaced by 'man is for'4 p4 #ac ,item number missing for section ,to extract ,oil 44442 #ab;a inserted4 p4 #bd 'once ounce' replaced by 'one ounce'4 p4 #cf 'slackened' replaced by 'slaked'4 p4 #ed 'potass' replaced by 'potash'4 p4 #ef ',or' replaced by italicized ',or'4 p4 #fd 'rubbing' replaced by 'rubbing4 ,if'4 p4 #fi ,item number missing for section ,cement to resist 44442 #bed;a inserted4 p4 #ge ',cherrry-red' replaced by ',cherry-red'4 p4 #hj 'spunged' replaced by 'sponged'4 p4 #abb ',venemous' replaced by ',venomous'4 p4 #acj 'ottar' replaced by 'attar'4 p4 #aca 'ouuces' replaced by 'ounces'4 p4 #adh ' la' replaced by ' la'4 p4 #ahe 'nemophilla' replaced by 'nemophila'4 p4 #bjd 'respectabte' replaced by 'respectable'4 p4 #bji 'bleedng' replaced by 'bleeding'4 p4 #bbg 'wollen' replaced by 'woolen'4 p4 #bfh 'seive' replaced by 'sieve'4 p4 #bga1 #bge1 #chi1 #dfh 'slacked' replaced by 'slaked'4 p4 #bgb 'cup-board' replaced by 'cupboard'4 p4 #bgf 'stewed' replaced by 'strewn'4 p4 #bha 'sure rub' replaced by 'sure to rub'4 p4 #bhb 'bark' replaced by 'back'4 p4 #bhc 'fir' replaced by 'fur'4 p4 #bij ',foot-ret' replaced by ',foot-rot'4 p4 #caa 'eternal' replaced by 'external'4 p4 #cde 'draw of1' replaced by 'draw off1'4 p4 #cei 'or at at least' replaced by 'or at least'4 p4 #djj 'vitro' replaced by 'vitre'4 p4 #djj 'abatiour' replaced by 'abat-jour'4 p4 #dja 'carefuly' replaced by 'carefully'4 p4 #djh 'water1 them' replaced by 'water1 let them'4 p4 #dbc ,item number #ageh is missing from the original text4 p4 #dbe ,item number #aggd is missing from the original text4 p4 #dbi ',stall-mate' replaced by ',stale-mate'4 p4 #dfd 'charr' replaced by 'char'4 p4 #dgf 'the the largest' replaced by 'the largest'4 p4 #dhe 'brillliant' replaced by 'brilliant'4 p4 #dif 'of either of not' replaced by 'of either not'4 p4 #eab 'conched' replaced by 'couched'4 p4 #ebg 'can be by' replaced by 'can be gained by'4 p4 #edi 'horse-raddish' replaced by 'horse-radish'4 p4 #eee ',use for for' replaced by ',use for'4 p4 #eff ,ref4 to #bbac is retained but is incorrect2 probably should be #cbab4 p4 #eif ,item number '#cehc4' was inserted at ',composition ,cake'4 p4 #fjh 'chocalate' replaced by 'chocolate'4 p4 #fbj 'complately' replaced by 'completely'4 p4 #fbj 'is apt so' replaced by 'is apt to'4 p4 #fba 'potatos' replaced by 'potatoes'4 p4 #fbc 'teaspooful' replaced by 'teaspoonful'4 p4 #fgc ,second '#dbff4' replaced by '#dbfg4'4 p4 #fgc 'nasturtion' replaced by 'nasturtium'4 p4 #fhf '#dhcf4' replaced by '#dchf4'4 p4 #fid ,item number '#ddgg' is missing from the original text4 ,index ',alteratives' replaced by ',alternatives'4 ,index ',anagrams1 #gcj' replaced by ',anagrams1 #dcj'4 ,index ',barnfloors' replaced by ',barn-floors'4 ,index ',candles444 spirting' replaced by ',candles 444 spurting'4 ,index ',carracrol' replaced by ',carvacrol'4 ,index ',grates1 to clean1 #b' replaced by ',grates1 to clean1 #i'4 ,index ',sorel' replaced by ',sorrel'4