,illu/ration3 ,=d ,logo ,cont5ts ,,page ,=eword #b ,! ,c> & ,its ,op]ation #c ,! ,=d ,eng9e #i ,! ,=d ,cool+ ,sy/em #ag ,! ,gasol9e ,sy/em #ba ,! ,=d ,ignition ,sy/em #be ,! ,=d ,transmission #ca ,! ,re> ,axle ,assembly #cg ,! ,=d ,muffl] #ci ,! ,runn+ ,ge> #dj ,! ,=d ,lubricat+ ,sy/em #df ,c>e ( ! ,tires #dh ,po9ts on ,ma9t5ance #ej ,! ,=d ,model ,t ,"o ,ton ,truck #ea ,! ,=d ,/>t+ & ,light+ ,sy/em #ee ,summ>y ( ,eng9e ,tr\bles & ,_! ,causes #fa ,index #fb ,illu/ration3 ,=d ,! ,univ]sal ,c> ,,=d ,,manual ,= ,own]s & ,op]ators ( ,=d ,c>s & ,trucks ,copyright$ #aiai by ,=d ,motor ,company ,all rights res]v$ ,publi%$ by ,,=d ,,motor ,,company ,detroit1 ,mi*igan1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,=eword ,x is a significant fact t ne>ly all ,=d c>s are driv5 by laym5--by own]s1 :o 9 ! great majority ( cases h little or no practical exp]i5ce ) ?+s me*anical4 ,! simplicity ( ! ,=d c> & ! ease ) :i* x is op]at$ r5d]s an intimate k ( me*anical te*nicalities unnecess>y = its op]ation4 ,& ! fur!r fact t !re are m ?an tw5ty ?\s& ,=d s]vice /ations di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w--:]e adju/m5ts & repairs may be _h ) no annoy+ delay--gives to ,=d own]s a s+ul> fre$om f me*anical annoyances :i* beset own]s ( c>s hav+ limit$ s]vice facilities & di/ribution4 ,b :ile x is n imp]ative1 x is1 h[ev]1 altoge!r desirable t e ,=d own] %\ld ?or\ghly und]/& 8 c>4 ,) su* k at 8 comm& he is always ma/] ( ! situation--he w ma9ta9 8 c> m economically--prolong its usefulness--& he w also d]ive m pleasure f x1 = x is a truism t ! m "o kn[s ab\t a ?+ ! m "o enjoys x4 ,! ma/]y ( a ?or\gh k ( ,=d con/ruction is by no means a difficult or "t-consum+ task4 ,! ,=d is ! simple/ c> made4 ,x is easy to und]/&1 & is n difficult to keep 9 prop] adju/m5t & repair4 ,t ! ,=d con/ruction may be ?or\ghly und]/ood--& t !re may be an au?oritative guide = ! mak+ ( ,=d adju/m5ts--?is book is publi%$4 ,important ,x is mo/ important t own]s ( ,=d c>s %all insi/ ^u gett+ ! g5u9e ,=d-made mat]ials1 or ,p>ts1 :5 hav+ repairs or replacem5ts made4 ,?is w be assur$ :5 ! c> is tak5 to ! au?oriz$ ,=d ag5t4 ,imitation1 or bogus or c\nt]feit p>ts ( inf]ior quality are be+ made & sold z ,=d ,p>ts4 ,avoid _! use by deal+ ) ! au?oris$ ,=d ag5t4 ,! ,c> & ,its ,op]ation ,:at mu/ be done be=e />t+ ! ,c>8 ,answ] ,no4 #a ,be=e try+ to />t ! c>1 fill ! radiator 7by remov+ cap at top7 ) clean fre% wat]4 ,if p]fectly clean wat] _c be obta9$ x is advisable to /ra9 x ?r\gh musl9 or o!r simil> mat]ial to prev5t =eign matt] f gett+ 9 & ob/ruct+ ! small tubes ( ! radiator4 ,! sy/em w hold approximately ?ree gallons4 ,x is important t ! c> %\ld n be run "u its own p[] unless ! wat] circulat+ sy/em has be5 fill$4 ,p\r 9 ! wat] until y are sure t bo? radiator & cyl9d] wat] jackets are full4 ,! wat] w run out ( ! ov]fl[ pipe onto ! gr\nd :5 ! entire wat] sy/em has be5 prop]ly fill$4 ,dur+ ! fir/ few days t a new c> is be+ driv5 x is a good plan to exam9e ! radiator frequ5tly & see t x is kept prop]ly fill$4 ,! wat] supply %\ld be repl5i%$ z (t5 z may be f\nd necess>y4 ,s(t ra9 wat]1 :5 x is to be _h 9 a clean /ate1 is sup]ior to h>d wat]1 :i* may conta9 alkalies & o!r salts :i* t5d to deposit s$im5t & clog ! radiator4 7,see *apt] on ,cool+ ,sy/em47 ,:at ab\t ,gasol9e8 ,answ] ,no4 #b ,! t5-gallon gasol9e tank %\ld be fill$--ne>ly full--& ! supply %\ld nev] be all[$ to get l[4 ,:5 fill+ ! tank be sure t !re are no nak$ flames )9 sev]al feet1 z ! vapor is extremely volatile & travels rapidly4 ,always be c>eful ab\t light+ mat*es ne> :]e gasol9e has be5 spill$1 z ! air )9 a radius ( sev]al feet is p]meat$ ) ! highly explosive vapor4 ,! small v5t hole 9 ! gasol9e tank cap %\ld n be all[$ to get plugg$ up1 z ?is w\ld prev5t prop] fl[ ( ! gasol9e to ! c>buretor4 ,! gasol9e tank may be dra9$ by op5+ ! pet cock 9 ! s$im5t bulb at ! bottom4 ,h[ ab\t ! ,oil+ ,sy/em8 ,answ] ,no4 #c ,^u receipt ( ! c> see t a supply ( m$ium light1 high-grade gas eng9e oil is p\r$ into ! crank case ?r\gh ! brea!r pipe at ! front ( ! eng9e 7a metal cap cov]s x74 ,d[n "u ! c> 9 ! fly:eel cas+ 7! res]voir :i* holds ?is oil7 y w f9d two pet cocks4 ,p\r oil 9 sl[ly until x runs out ( ! upp] cock4 ,leave ! cock op5 until x /ops runn+--!n close x4 ,aft] ! eng9e has become ?or\ghly limb]$ up1 ! be/ results w be obta9$ by c>ry+ ! oil at a level midway betwe5 ! two cocks--b "u no circum/ances %\ld x be all[$ to get bel[ ! l[] cock4 ,all o!r p>ts ( ! c> are prop]ly oil$ :5 x leaves ! factory4 ,h[ev]1 x w be well to see t all grease cups are fill$ & t oil is suppli$ to necess>y p>ts4 7,see ,cut ,no4 #ah1 also *apt] on ,lubrication47 ,h[ are ,sp>k & ,?rottle ,lev]s us$8 ,answ] ,no4 #d ,"u ! /e]+ :eel are two small lev]s4 ,! "r-h& 7?rottle7 lev] controls ! am\nt ( mixture 7gasol9e & air7 :i* goes into ! eng9e4 ,:5 ! eng9e is 9 op]ation1 ! f>!r ?is lev] is mov$ d[nw>d t[>d ! driv] 7ref]r$ to z op5+ ! ?rottle7 ! fa/] ! eng9e runs & ! great] ! p[] furni%$4 ,! left-h& lev] controls ! sp>k1 :i* explodes ! gas 9 ! cyl9d]s ( ! eng9e4 ,! advanc+ ( ?is lev] advances ! sp>k1 & x %\ld be mov$ d[n not* by not* until ! motor seems to rea* its maximum spe$4 ,if ! lev] is advanc$ beyond ?is po9t a dull knock w be notic$ 9 ! eng9e4 7,see *apt] on ,ignition47 ,illu/ration3 ,/e]+ ,:eel1 %[+ r$uction ge>s me%+ ) ! tee? ( ! ge> case & c5t] p9ion4 7,cut ,no4 #a7 ,:]e %\ld ^! lev]s be :5 />t+ ! ,eng9e8 ,answ] ,no4 #e ,! sp>k lev] %\ld usually be put 9 ab\t ! ?ird or f\r? not* ( ! quadrant 7! not*$ half-circle on :i* ! lev]s op]ate74 ,! ?rottle %\ld usually be op5$ ab\t five or six not*es4 ,a little exp]i5ce w soon tea* y :]e ^! lev]s %\ld be plac$ = prop] />t+4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to advance ! sp>k lev] too f>1 z ! eng9e may back kick4 ,:at else is necess>y be=e />t+ ! ,eng9e8 ,answ] ,no4 #f ,fir/1 see t ! h& lev]1 :i* comes up ?r\gh ! floor ( ! c> at ! left ( ! driv]1 is pull$ back z f> z x w g4 ,! lev] 9 ?is position holds ! clut* 9 neutral & engages ! hub brake1 ?us prev5t+ ! c> mov+ =w>d :5 ! eng9e is />t$4 ,second1 aft] ins]t+ ! swit* key 9 ! swit* on ! coil box1 ?r[ ! swit* lev] z f> to ! left z x w g--to ! po9t m>k$ magneto4 ,?is swit* connects ! magneto ) ! eng9e4 ,! eng9e c't be />t$ until x is on--& ! ?r[+ (f ( ?is swit* /ops ! eng9e4 ,h[ is ! ,eng9e />t$8 ,answ] ,no4 #g ,if ! c> is n equipp$ ) a />t] ! eng9e is />t$ by ! lift+ ( ! />t+ crank at ! front ( ! c>4 ,take hold ( ! h&le & pu% firmly t[>d ! c> till y feel ! crank rat*et engage1 !n lift upw>d ) a quick sw+4 ,) a little exp]i5ce ?is op]ation wall become an easy matt]4 ,don't1 z a usual ?+1 crank d[nw>d aga9/ ! compression--= !n an e>ly explosion may drive ! h&le vigor\sly backw>d4 ,?is does n mean h[ev]1 t x is n advisable1 :5 ! c> is h>d to />t1 to occasionally sp9 ! eng9e by ! use ( ! />t+ h&le--b be sure ! sp>k lev] is ret>d$ :5 sp9n+ or crank+ ! eng9e aga9/ compression1 o!rwise a sudd5 backfire may injure ! arm ( ! op]ator4 ,:5 ! eng9e is cool x is advisable to prime ! c>buretor by pull+ on ! small wire at ! l[] left corn] ( ! radiator :ile giv+ ! eng9e two or ?ree qu>t] turns ) ! />t+ h&le4 ,if ! c> is equipp$ ) a />t] ! sp>k & ?rottle lev]s %\ld be plac$ 9 ! same position on ! quadrant z :5 crank+ by h&1 & ! ignition swit* turn$ on4 ,curr5t f ei!r batt]y or magneto may be us$ = ignition4 ,h[ev]1 we recomm5d t ! magneto be us$ at all times4 ,! magneto 0 design$ to furni% ignition = ! ,model ,t eng9e & bett] results w be obta9$ by op]at+ 9 ?is way4 ,special att5tion mu/ be paid to ! position ( ! sp>k lev] z a too advanc$ sp>k w cause s]i\s backfir+ :i* 9 turn w b5d or break ! %aft 9 ! />t]4 ,! />t+ motor is op]at$ by a pu% button1 conv5i5tly locat$ 9 ! floor ( ! c> at ! driv]'s feet4 ,) ! sp>k & ?rottle lev]s 9 ! prop] position1 & ! ignition swit* turn$ on1 press on ! pu% button ) ! foot4 ,?is closes ! circuit betwe5 ! batt]y & />t+ motor1 caus+ ! p9ion ( ! ,b5dix drive %aft to engage ) ! tee? on ! fly:eel1 ?us turn+ ov] ! crank%aft4 ,:5 ! eng9e is cold x may be necess>y to prime x by pull+ out ! c>buretor prim+ rod1 :i* is locat$ on ! in/rum5t bo>d4 ,9 ord] to avoid flood+ ! eng9e ) an ov] ri* mixture ( gas1 ! prim+ rod %\ld only be held out = a few seconds at a "t4 ,h[ is ! ,eng9e be/ />t$ 9 cold wea!r8 ,answ] ,no4 #h ,z gasol9e does n vaporize readily 9 cold wea!r x is naturally m difficult to />t ! motor "u su* conditions4 ,! usual me?od ( />t+ ! eng9e :5 cold is to turn ! c>buretor da% adju/m5t "o-qu>t] turn to ! left 9 ord] to all[ a ri*] mixture ( gasol9e to be drawn into ! cyl9d]s2 !n hold out ! prim+ rod1 :ile y turn crank f six to eight "o-qu>t] turns 9 quick succession1 or turn ! motor ov] a few times ) ! />t]4 ,ano!r me?od ( />t+ a tr\blesome cold eng9e is z foll[s3 ,be=e y ?r[ on ! magneto swit*1 7#a7 close ?rottle lev]2 7#b7 hold out prim+ rod :ile y give crank sev]al quick turns1 or turn ! motor ov] a few times ) ! />t]1 !n let g ( prim+ rod 7be+ c>eful t x goes back all ! way72 7#c7 place sp>k lev] 9 ab\t ?ird not* & advance ?rottle lev] sev]al not*es2 7#d7 ?r[ on swit* 7be+ sure to get x on side m>k$ ,magneto72 7#e7 give crank "o or two turns1 or close ! />t+ swit*1 & ! motor %\ld />t4 ,aft] />t+ ! motor x is advisable to advance ! sp>k eight or t5 not*es on ! quadrant & let ! motor run until ?or\ghly heat$ up4 ,if y />t out ) a cold motor y w n h mu* p[] & are liable to /all4 ,! advantage ( turn+ on ! swit* la/1 or aft] prim+1 is t :5 y ?r[ on ! swit* & />t ! motor1 y h pl5ty ( gas 9 ! cyl9d]s1 to keep ! motor runn+1 !reby elim9at+ ! tr\ble ( ! motor />t+ & /opp+4 ,aft] motor is w>m$ up turn c>buretor adju/m5t back "o-qu>t] turn4 ,to facilitate />t+ _m driv]s make a practice ( /opp+ _! eng9e by pull+ out on ! prim+ rod1 :i* has ! effect ( %utt+ (f ! air suction & fill+ ! cyl9d]s full ( a v ri* gasol9e vapor4 ,?is %\ld n be done unless ! c> is go+ to /& ov] night or long en\gh to cool (f4 ,if ! motor is /opp$ 9 ?is way & !n />t$ :5 hot1 />t+ is apt to be difficult on acc\nt ( ! surplus gasol9e 9 ! c>buretor4 ,:at function does ! ,h& ,lev] p]=m8 ,answ] ,no4 #i ,its *ief purpose is to hold ! clut* 9 neutral position4 ,if x 7 n = ?is lev] ! driv] w\ld h to /op ! eng9e :5ev] he left ! driv]'s seat4 ,he w\ld also be unable to crank ! eng9e )\t ! c> />t+ =w>d ) ! fir/ explosion4 ,:5 pull$ back z f> z x w g1 ! h& lev] acts z an em]g5cy brake on ! re> :eels1 by exp&+ ! brake %oes 9 ! re> :eel drums4 ,!re=e ! h& lev] %\ld be back z f> z x w g :5 crank+ ! eng9e or :5 ! c> is at re/4 ,x %\ld be only 9 a v]tical position1 & n f> en\gh backw>d to act z a brake on ! re> :eels1 :5 ! c> is to be rev]s$4 ,:5 ! c> is op]at+ 9 high or l[ spe$ ! h& lev] %\ld be all ! way =w>d4 ,h[ d ! ,foot ,p$als op]ate8 ,answ] ,no4 #aj ,! fir/ "o t[>d ! left op]ates ! clut*4 ,:5 press$ =w>d ! clut* p$al engages ! l[ spe$4 ,:5 half-way =w>d ! clut* is 9 neutral 7i4 e41 disconnect$ f ! driv+ me*anism ( ! re> :eels71 & ! releas+ ( ?is p$al engages ! high-spe$ clut*4 ,! c5t] p$al op]ates ! rev]se4 ,! "r-h& p$al op]ates ! transmission brake4 ,h[ is ! ,c> />t$8 ,answ] ,no4 #aa ,slightly accel]ate ! eng9e by op5+ ! ?rottle1 press ! clut* p$al half way =w>d1 !reby hold+ ! clut* 9 a neutral position :ile ?r[+ ! h& lev] =w>d2 !n press ! p$al =w>d into sl[ spe$ & :5 "u suffici5t headway 7#bj to #cj feet71 all[ ! p$al to drop back sl[ly into high spe$1 at ! same "t p>tially clos+ ! ?rottle1 :i* w all[ ! eng9e to pick up its load easily4 ,) a little practice1 ! *ange ( spe$s w be easily accompli%$1 & )\t any appreciable effect on ! smoo? runn+ ( ! ma*9e4 ,h[ is ! ,c> /opp$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ab ,p>tially close ! ?rottle2 release ! high spe$ by press+ ! clut* p$al =w>d into neutral2 apply ! foot brake sl[ly b firmly until ! c> comes to a dead /op4 ,d n remove foot f ! clut* p$al )\t fir/ pull+ ! h& lev] back to neutral position1 or ! eng9e w /all4 ,to /op ! motor1 op5 ! ?rottle a trifle to accel]ate ! motor & !n ?r[ (f ! swit*4 ,! eng9e w !n /op ) ! cyl9d]s full ( explosive gas1 :i* w naturally facilitate />t+4 ,endeavor to s famili>ize y\rself ) ! op]ation ( ! c> t to dis5gage ! clut* & apply ! brake becomes practically automatic--! natural ?+ to d 9 case ( em]g5cy4 ,h[ is ! ,c> rev]s$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ac ,x mu/ be br\ght to a dead /op4 ,) ! eng9e runn+1 dis5gage ! clut* ) ! h& lev] & press ! rev]se p$al =w>d ) ! left foot1 ! "r foot be+ free to use on ! brake p$al if ne$$4 ,d n br+ ! h& lev] back too f> or y w set ! brakes on re> :eels4 ,exp]i5c$ driv]s ord9>ily rev]se ! c> by simply hold+ ! clut* p$al 9 neutral ) ! left foot1 & op]at+ ! rev]se p$al ) ! "r4 ,h[ is ! ,sp>k controll$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ad ,by ! left-h& lev] "u ! /e]+ :eel4 ,good op]ators drive ) ! sp>k lev] advanc$ j z f> z ! eng9e w p]mit4 ,h[ev]1 advanc+ ! sp>k too f> w cause a dull knock 9 ! motor1 due to ! fact t ! explosion occurs too e>ly4 ,! sp>k %\ld only be ret>d$ :5 ! eng9e sl[s d[n on a heavy road or /eep grade1 b c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ n to ret>d ! sp>k too f> z ?is w result 9 late ignition1 :i* causes loss ( p[] & ov]heat+ ( ! motor & may also result 9 w>p$1 burn$ or crack$ valves4 ,le>n to op]ate ! sp>k z ! occasion dem&s4 ,! greate/ economy 9 gasol9e consumption is obta9$ by driv+ ) ! sp>k advanc$ suffici5tly to obta9 ! maximum spe$4 ,h[ is spe$ ( ,c> controll$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ae ,! diff]5t spe$s requir$ to meet road conditions are obta9$ by op5+ or clos+ ! ?rottle4 ,practically all ! runn+ spe$s ne$$ = ord9>y travel are obta9$ on high ge>1 & x is seldom necess>y to use ! l[ ge> except to give ! c> mom5tum 9 />t+4 ,! spe$ ( ! c> may be tempor>ily slack5$ 9 driv+ ?r\gh cr[d$ traffic1 turn+ corn]s1 etc41 by slipp+ ! clut*1 i4 e41 press+ ! clut* p$al =w>d into neutral4 ,is x advisable = own]s to make _! own ,adju/m5ts8 ,answ] ,no4 #af ,! ,=d is ! simple/ ( all c>s4 ,mo/ ( ! ord9>y adju/m5ts an own] w soon le>n to make = himself4 ,b we mu/ /rongly recomm5d t :5 x becomes necess>y to employ ! s]vices ( a me*anic1 ! c> be tak5 to a ,=d me*anic--"o ( our own repres5tatives :o ?or\ghly und]/&s ! c>--& :o w h no motive = runn+ up useless repair bills4 ,! entire ,=d organization is int]e/$ 9 keep+ e individual ,=d c> 9 con/ant op]ation1 at ! l[e/ possible co/4 ,we h kn[n ( mu* damage done to _m c>s by unskill$ repair m54 ,:at att5tion does ! ,c> ne$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ag ,rememb] t a new ma*9e requires m c>eful att5tion dur+ ! fir/ few days x is be+ driv5 ?an aft] ! p>ts h become ?or\ghly work$ 94 ,! c> :i* is driv5 sl[ly & c>efully :5 new usually gives ! mo/ satisfactory s]vice 9 ! end4 ,nev] />t out ) y\r c> until y are sure t is has pl5ty ( oil & wat]4 ,frequ5tly inspect ! runn+ ge>4 ,see t no unnecess>y play exi/s 9 ei!r front or re> :eels1 & t all bolts & nuts are tight4 ,make a practice ( tak+ c>e ( e repair or adju/m5t z soon z its necessity is discov]$4 ,?is att5tion requires b little "t & may avoid delay or possible accid5t on ! road4 ,we aim to deliv] ! c> 9 prop] me*anical adju/m5t4 ,aft]w>ds x is pla9ly ! duty ( ! driv] to keep x 9 t condition4 ,! ,=d ,eng9e ,:at is ! pr9ciple ( ! gasol9e-driv5 ,eng9e8 ,answ] ,no4 #ah ,gasol9e :5 mix$ ) air & compress$ is highly explosive4 ,an explosion is a viol5t expansion caus$ by in/antane\s combu/ion ( conf9$ gases4 ,9 ! gasol9e eng9e ! mixture is drawn into a cyl9d]1 :]e x is compress$ by an advanc+ pi/on & !n explod$ by an electric sp>k1 :i* s5ds ! pi/on d[nw>d1 & ?r\gh ! connect+ rod imp>ts a rot>y motion to ! crank%aft4 7,see ,cut ,no4 #b47 ,:at are ! functions ( ! ,pi/ons8 ,answ] ,no4 #ai ,on ! d[nw>d /roke ! suction ( ! pi/on draws ! fre% gas f ! c>buretor1 ?r\gh ! inlet pipe & valve1 into ! cyl9d]4 ,! upw>d movem5t ( ! pi/on compresses ! gas into a v small space1 betwe5 ! top ( ! pi/on & ! depression 9 ! cyl9d] head1 kn[n z ! combu/ion *amb]4 7,! compress$ gases ex]t a pressure ( approximately #fj p\nds p] squ>e in*47 ,at ?is po9t ! electric sp>k1 g5]at$ by ! magneto1 explodes ! gases--driv+ ! pi/on d[nw>d--?us produc+ ! p[] :i* turns ! crank %aft4 ,on ! next /roke upw>d ! pi/on drives ! explod$ gas out ?r\gh ! exhau/ valve & pipe to ! muffl]4 7,see ,cut ,no4 #c47 ,connect+ ,rod--h[ remov$8 ,answ] ,no4 #bj ,x is a /eel rod1 connect+ pi/on & crank %aft4 ,%\ld ! babbitt be>+ become worn1 or burn$ out ?r\gh lack ( oil1 a knock+ 9 ! eng9e w result 9 :i* case ! entire connect+ rod %\ld be replac$4 ,to make ?is replacem5t1 7#a7 dra9 oil f crank case2 7#b7 take (f cyl9d] head2 7#c7 remove deta*able plate on bottom ( crank case2 7#d7 disconnect connect+ rod f crank %aft2 7#e7 take pi/on & rod out ?r\gh top ( cyl9d]4 ,:at is ! ,valve ,arrangem5t8 ,answ] ,no4 #ba ,"o intake & "o exhau/ valve are locat$ 9 ea* cyl9d]4 ,! =m] admits ! fre% gas drawn f ! c>buretor ?r\gh ! inlet pipe--! latt] p]mits ! explod$ gas to be driv5 out ?r\gh ! exhau/ pipe4 ,! valves are alt]nately op5$ & clos$ 7see ,cut ,no4 #c7 by ! cams on ! cam %aft /rik+ aga9/ pu% rods :i* 9 turn lift ! valves f _! seats4 ,:at ab\t ,valve tim+8 ,answ] ,no4 #bb ,9 tim+ ! eng9e ! po9ts ( op5+ & clos+ ( ! valves are1 ( c\rse1 :at %\ld be consid]$4 ,z ! valves are prop]ly tim$ at ! factory :5 ! eng9e is built ! necessity = retim+ w\ld occur only :5 su* p>ts z ! cam %aft1 "t ge>s or valves 7 remov$ 9 ov]haul+ ! eng9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,sectional ,view ( ! ,model ,t ,motor4 7,cut ,no4 #b7 ,illu/ration3 ,cyl9d] ,assembly1 %[+ ! correct position ( ! valves ) "t ge>s prop]ly set accord+ to pun* m>ks on ! ge>s1 also ! relative position ( ! pi/ons 9 _! /rokes z indicat$ above4 ,! fir+ ord] ( ! cyl9d]s is #a1 #b1 #d1 #c4 7,cut ,no4 #c7 ,9 fitt+ ! l>ge "t ge> to ! cam %aft x is important to see t ! fir/ cam po9ts 9 a direction opposite to ! z]o m>k 7see ,cut ,no4 #c74 ,! "t ge>s mu/ also me% s t ! too? m>k$ z]o 7#j7 on ! small "t ge> w come betwe5 ! two tee? on ! l>ge ge> at ! z]o po9t4 ,! "t ge>s n[ be+ prop]ly set1 ! exhau/ valve on ,no4 #a cyl9d] is op5 & ! intake valve clos$1 ! o!r valves be+ 9 ! position indicat$ 9 ,cut ,no4 #c4 ,! op5+ & clos+ ( ! valves be+ z foll[s3 ,! exhau/ valve op5s :5 ! pi/on rea*es #e_/af ( bottom c5t]1 ! di/ance f ! top ( ! pi/on head to ! top ( cyl9d] ca/+ measur+ #c4 ,! exhau/ valve w close on top c5tre1 ! pi/on be+ #e_/af above ! cyl9d] ca/+4 ,! intake valve op5s #a_/af aft] top c5t]1 & closes #i_/af aft] bottom c5t]1 ! di/ance f ! top ( ! pi/on to ! top ( ! cyl9d] ca/+ measur+ #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,h[ ! valve lift+ tool %\ld be us$4 7,cut ,no4 #d7 ,! cle>ance betwe5 ! pu% rod & valve /em %\ld nev] be great] ?an #a_/cb nor less ?an #a_/fd4 ,! correct cle>ance is naturally half way betwe5 ^! two measurem5ts4 ,! gap %\ld be measur$ :5 ! pu% rod is on ! heel ( ! cam4 ,:at ab\t ! c>e ( ! ,valves8 ,answ] ,no4 #bc ,!y seldom get out ( ord]--b !y d get dirty1 z a result ( c>bon collect+ on ! valve seats4 ,^! c>bon deposits by prev5t+ prop] clos+ ( ! valves1 p]mit ! gases "u compression to escape1 result+ 9 loss ( p[] & unev5 runn+ ( ! motor4 ,if1 :5 turn+ ! eng9e ov] sl[ly1 !re is a lack ( resi/ance 9 "o or m cyl9d]s1 x is probable t ! valves ne$ re-gr9d+4 ,z ! life ( ! eng9e dep5ds l>gely ^u ! prop] seat+ ( ! valves1 x is necess>y t !y be gr\nd occasionally4 ,h[ are ,valves remov$ = gr9d+8 ,answ] ,no4 #bd 7#a7 ,dra9 radiator2 7#b7 remove cyl9d] head2 7#c7 remove ! two valve cov]s on ! "r side ( eng9e2 7#d7 raise ! valve spr+ ) lift+ tool 7see ,cut ,no4 #d7 & pull out ! little p9 "u ! valve seat4 ,! valve may !n be lift$ out by ! head4 ,h[ are ,valves gr\nd8 ,answ] ,no4 #be ,= ?is "w use a good gr9d+ pa/e ( gr\nd glass & oil--procurable f auto supply h\ses4 ,a conv5i5t way is to put a small am\nt 9 a suitable di%1 add+ a spoonful or two ( k]os5e & a few drops ( lubricat+ oil to make a ?9 pa/e4 ,illu/ration3 ,me?od ( gr9d+ valve4 7,cut ,no4 #e7 ,place ! mixture sp>+ly on ! bevel face ( ! valve4 ,put ! valve 9 position on ! valve seat1 & rotate x back & =? 7ab\t a qu>t] turn7 a few times1 ) a ,=d gr9d+ tool4 ,!n lift slightly f ! seat1 *ange ! position & cont9ue ! rotation1 & keep on repeat+ ?is op]ation until ! be>+ surface is smoo? & bright4 ,! valve %\ld n be turn$ ?r\gh a complete revolution1 z ?is is apt to cause scrat*es runn+ ar\nd ! entire circumf]5ce ( ! valve & seat4 ,:5 ! gr9d+ is complet$ ! valve %\ld be remov$ f ! cyl9d]1 ?or\ghly wa%$ ) k]os5e1 & ! valve seat wip$ out ?or\ghly4 ,extreme c>e %\ld be tak5 t no abrasive sub/ance gets into ! cyl9d]s or valve guides4 ,?is c be avoid$ if ! gr9d+ pa/e is appli$ sp>+ly to ! bevel face ( ! valve4 ,if ! valve seat is worn badly or seam$1 x is be/ to h x reseat$ ) a valve seat+ tool4 ,?is op]ation requires consid]able skill1 & p]haps _h bett] be done by an exp]t me*anic4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ aga9/ mak+ too deep a cut1 necessitat+ ! retim+ ( ! valve4 ,:5 ! ,valves & ,pu% ,rods are worn--:at8 ,answ] ,no4 #bf ,:5 ! valves or pu% rods become worn1 s z to leave too mu* play betwe5 !m1 ?us r$uc+ ! lift ( ! valves & dim9i%+ ! p[] ( ! motor1 x is be/ to replace ! pu% rods ) new ones4 ,! cle>ance betwe5 ! pu% rods & ! valve /em %\ld nev] be great] ?an #a_/cb nor less ?an #a_/fd4 ,if ! cle>ance is great]1 ! valve w op5 late & close e>ly1 result+ 9 unev5 runn+ ( ! motor4 ,if ! cle>ance is less ?an #a_/fd !re is dang] ( ! valve rema9+ p>tially op5 all ! "t4 ,if replac+ ! pu% rod does n give ! prop] cle>ance1 ! valve %\ld also be replac$4 ,we d n recomm5d draw+ out ! valve /em1 z ! op]ation requires exp]i5ce & ! price ( ! new "p does n w>rant ! "t & exp5se necess>y to prop]ly d ! "w4 ,:at ab\t ! ,valve ,spr+s8 ,answ] ,no4 #bg ,:5 ! valves fail to seat !mselves prop]ly1 !re is a possibility t ! spr+s may be weak or brok54 ,a weak inlet spr+ w\ld probably n affect ! runn+ ( ! eng9e1 b weakness 9 ! exhau/ valve spr+ causes a v unev5 action1 :i* is difficult to locate4 ,! symptoms area lag 9 ! eng9e due to ! exhau/ valve n clos+ in/antane\sly1 & z a result a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( ! *>ge "u compression escapes1 greatly dim9i%+ ! =ce ( ! explosion4 ,weakness 9 a valve spr+ c usually be detect$ by ! foll[+ me?od3 ,remove ! plate :i* encloses !m at ! side ( ! cyl9d] & ins]t a screw driv] betwe5 ! coils ( ! spr+ :ile ! eng9e is runn+4 ,if ! extra t5sion ?us produc$ causes ! eng9e to pick up spe$1 ! spr+ is obvi\sly weak & %\ld be replac$ ) a new "o4 ,:at cause ,knock+ 9 ! ,eng9e8 ,answ] ,no4 #bh ,!re are sev]al causes1 :i* may be enum]at$ z foll[s3 7#a7 c>bon knock--:i* is by f> ! mo/ common--result+ f c>boniz+ ( cyl9d]s2 7#b7 knock caus$ by a too advanc$ sp>k2 7#c7 connect+ rod knock2 7#d7 crank %aft ma9 be>+ knock2 7#e7 knock due to loose-fitt+ pi/on or brok5 r+2 7#f7 knock caus$ by ! pi/on /rik+ ! cyl9d] head gasket4 ,:5 ! eng9e knocks f any cause :atsoev]1 ! matt] %\ld be promptly inve/igat$ by an exp]i5c$ me*anic & ! difficulty correct$4 ,h[ may ! diff]5t ,knocks be di/+ui%$8 ,answ] ,no4 #bi 7#a7 ,! c>bon knock is a cle>1 holl[ s\nd1 mo/ noticeable 9 climb+ %>p grades1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! eng9e is heat$4 ,x is also indicat$ by a %>p rap imm$iately on advanc+ ! ?rottle4 7#b7 ,too advanc$ sp>k w be indicat$ by a dull knock 9 ! motor4 7#c7 ,! connect+ rod knock s\nds l ! di/ant tapp+ ( /eel ) a small hamm]1 & is readily di/+ui%$ :5 ! c> is all[$ to run idly d[n grade--or ^u spe$+ ! c> to tw5ty-five miles an h\r1 !n sudd5ly clos+ ! ?rottle1 ! tapp+ w be v di/9ct4 7#d7 ,! crank %aft ma9 be>+ knock c be di/+ui%$1 :5 ! c> is go+ uphill1 z a dull ?ud4 7#e7 ,! loose pi/on knock is he>d only ^u sudd5ly op5+ ! ?rottle1 :5 ! s\nd produc$ might be lik5$ to a rattle4 ,! rem$ies = ^! knocks are treat$ "u _! prop] division4 ,h[ is c>bon remov$ f ,combu/ion ,*amb]8 ,answ] ,no4 #cj ,fir/1 dra9 ! wat] (f by op5+ ! pet cock at ! bottom ( ! radiator2 !n disconnect ! wires at ! top ( ! motor & also ! radiator connection atta*$ to ! radiator4 ,remove ! #ae cap screws :i* hold ! cyl9d] head 9 place4 ,take (f ! cyl9d] head &1 ) a putty knife or screw driv]1 scrape ! c>boniz$ matt] f ! cyl9d] head & top ( pi/ons1 be+ c>eful to prev5t ! specks ( c>bon f gett+ into ! cyl9d]s or bolt holes4 ,9 replac+ ! cyl9d] head gasket turn ! motor ov] s t ,no4 #a & ,no4 #d pi/ons are at top c5t]2 place ! gasket 9 position ov] ! pi/ons & !n put ! cyl9d] head 9 place4 ,be sure & draw ! cyl9d] head bolts d[n ev5ly 7i4 e41 give ea* bolt a few turns at a "t72 d n tight5 !m on "o end be=e draw+ !m up at ! o!r4 ,h[ are ,sp>k ,plugs clean$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ca ,aft] remov+ ! plug f ! eng9e ! po9ts may be clean$ ) an old too?-bru% dipp$ 9 gasol9e4 ,h[ev]1 9 ord] to d ! "w ?or\ghly1 ! plug %\ld be tak5 ap>t by secur+ ! l>ge hexagon /eel %ell 9 a vise & loos5+ ! pack nut :i* holds ! porcela9 9 place4 ,! c>bon deposits c !n be easily remov$ f ! porcela9 & %ell ) a small knife4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ n to scrape (f ! glaz$ surface ( ! porcela91 o!rwise x w be apt to c>bonize quickly4 ,! porcela9 & o!r p>ts %\ld f9ally be wa%$ 9 gasol9e & wip$ dry ) a clo?4 ,9 assembl+ ! plug c>e %\ld be tak5 to see t ! pack nut is n tight5$ too mu* s z to crack ! porcela91 & ! di/ance betwe5 ! sp>k+ po9ts %\ld be #a_/cb1 ab\t ! ?ickness ( a smoo? dime4 ,dirty plugs usually result f an excess ( oil be+ c>ri$ 9 ! crank case--or f us+ oil ( poor quality4 ,h[ is ! ,p[] ,plant remov$ f ! ,c>8 ,answ] ,no4 #cb 7#a7 ,dra9 ! wat] out ( ! radiator & disconnect ! radiator hose2 7#b7 disconnect ! radiator /ay rod :i* holds x to ! da%2 7#c7 take out ! two bolts :i* fa/5 ! radiator to ! frame & take radiator (f2 7#d7 disconnect ! da% at ! two support+ brackets :i* re/ on ! frame2 7#e7 loos5 ! /e]+ po/ bracket1 fa/5$ to ! frame1 :5 ! da% & /e]+ ge> may be remov$ z "o assembly--! wires fir/ hav+ be5 disconnect$2 7#f7 take out ! bolts hold+ ! front radius rods 9 ! socket und]nea? ! crank case2 7#g7 remove ! f\r bolts at ! univ]sal jo9t2 7#h7 remove pans on ei!r side ( cyl9d] ca/+ & turn (f gasol9e1 disconnect fe$ pipe f c>buretor2 7#i7 disconnect exhau/ manifold f exhau/ pipe by unscrew+ l>ge brass pack nut2 7#aj7 take out ! two cap screws :i* hold ! crank case to ! front frame2 7#aa7 remove ! bolts :i* hold ! crank case arms to ! frame at ! side4 ,!n pass a rope ?r\gh ! op5+ betwe5 ! two middle cyl9d]s & tie 9 a loose knot4 ,?r\gh ! rope pass a #bx#d1 or a /\t iron pipe ab\t t5 feet long1 & let a man hold ea* end2 let a ?ird man take hold ( ! />t+ crank h&le1 :5 ! :ole p[] plant c be lift$ f ! c> to ! "w b5* = adju/m5t4 ,connect+ ,rod ,be>+s--h[ adju/$8 ,answ] ,no4 #cc ,connect+ rod be>+s may be adju/$1 )\t tak+ out ! eng9e1 by ! foll[+ me?od3 7#a7 dra9 (f ! oil2 7#b7 remove plate on bottom ( crank case--expos+ connect+ rods2 7#c7 take (f fir/ connect+ rod cap1 & draw-file ! ends--a v little at a "t2 7#d7 replace cap1 be+ c>eful to see t file m>ks correspond1 & tight5 bolts until x fits %aft snugly2 7#e7 te/ tightness ( be>+ by turn+ eng9e ov] by ! />t+ h&le4 ,exp]i5c$ me*anics usually det]m9e :5 ! be>+ is prop]ly fitt$ by lightly tapp+ ea* side ( ! cap ) a hamm]2 7#f7 !n loos5 ! be>+ & proce$ to fit ! o!r be>+s 9 ! same mann]2 7#g7 aft] ea* be>+ has be5 prop]ly fitt$ & te/$--!n tight5 ! cap bolts & ! "w is f9i%$4 ,rememb]1 !re is a possibility ( gett+ ! be>+s too tight1 & "u su* conditions ! babbitt is apt to cut out quickly1 unless precaution is tak5 to run ! motor sl[ly at ! />t4 ,x is a good plan aft] adju/+ ! be>+s to jack up ! re> :eels & let ! motor run sl[ly = ab\t two h\rs 7keep+ x well suppli$ ) wat] & oil7 be=e tak+ x out on ! road4 ,:5ev] possible ^! be>+s %\ld be fitt$ by an exp]t ,=d me*anic4 ,worn connect+ rods may be return$1 prepaid1 to ! ne>e/ deal] or bran* h\se = ex*ange at a price ( #a4jj ea* to cov] ! co/ ( rebabbitt+4 ,x is n advisable = any own] or repair %op to attempt ! rebabbitt+ ( connect+ rods or ma9 be>+s1 = )\t a special jig 9 :i* to =m ! be>+s1 satisfactory results w n be obta9$4 ,! con/ant tapp+ ( a loose connect+ rod on ! crank %aft w ev5tually produce cry/allization ( ! /eel--result1 brok5 crank %aft & possibly o!r p>ts ( ! eng9e damag$4 ,crank ,%aft ,ma9 ,be>+s--h[ adju/$8 ,answ] ,no4 #cd ,%\ld ! /ation>y be>+s 9 :i* ! crank %aft revolves become worn 7evid5c$ by a p\nd+ 9 ! motor7 & ne$ replac+ or adju/+1 proce$ z foll[s3 7#a7 ,aft] ! eng9e has be5 tak5 out ( ! c>1 remove crank case1 transmission cov]1 cyl9d] head1 pi/ons1 connect+ rods1 transmission & magneto coils4 ,take (f ! ?ree babbitt$ caps & clean ! be>+ surfaces ) gasol9e4 ,apply ,prussian blue or r$ lead to ! crank %aft be>+ surfaces1 :i* w enable y1 9 fitt+ ! caps1 to det]m9e :e!r a p]fect be>+ surface is obta9$4 7#b7 ,place ! re> cap 9 position & tight5 x up z mu* z possible )\t /ripp+ ! bolt ?reads4 ,:5 ! be>+ has be5 prop]ly fitt$1 ! crank %aft c be turn$ ) "o h&4 ,if ! crank %aft _c be turn$ ) "o h&1 ! contact betwe5 ! be>+ surfaces is evid5tly too close1 & ! cap requires %imm+ up1 "o or two brass l9]s usually be+ suffici5t4 ,9 case ! crank %aft moves too easily ) "o h&1 ! %ims %\ld be remov$ & ! /eel surface ( ! cap fil$ (f1 p]mitt+ x to set clos]4 7#c7 ,aft] remov+ ! cap1 obs]ve :e!r ! blue or r$ spott+s indicate a full be>+ ! l5g? ( ! cap4 ,if spott+s d n %[ a true be>+1 ! babbitt %\ld be scrap$ & ! cap refitt$ until ! prop] results are obta9$4 7#d7 ,lay ! re> cap aside & proce$ to adju/ ! c5t] be>+ 9 ! same mann]4 ,repeat ! op]ation ) ! front be>+1 ) ! o!r two be>+s laid aside4 7#e7 ,:5 ! prop] adju/m5t ( ea* be>+ has be5 obta9$1 clean ! babbitt surface c>efully & place a little lubricat+ oil on ! be>+s1 also on ! crank %aft2 !n draw ! caps up z closely z possible--! necess>y %ims1 ( c\rse1 be+ 9 place4 ,d n be afraid ( gett+ ! cap bolts too tight1 z ! %im "u ! cap & ! oil betwe5 ! be>+ surfaces w prev5t ! metal be+ drawn into too close contact4 ,if oil is n put on ! be>+ surfaces1 ! babbitt is apt to cut out :5 ! motor is />t$ up be=e ! oil 9 ! crank case c get into ! be>+4 ,9 replac+ ! crank case & transmission cov] on ! motor1 x is advisable to use a new set ( gaskets to prev5t oil leaks4 ,! ,=d ,cool+ ,sy/em ,h[ is ! ,eng9e cool$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ce ,! heat g5]at$ by ! con/ant explosions 9 ! eng9e w\ld soon ov]heat & ru9 ! eng9e1 7 x n cool$ by "s artificial means4 ,! ,=d eng9e is cool$ by ! circulation ( wat] 9 jackets ar\nd ! cyl9d]s4 ,! heat is extract$ f ! wat] by its pass+ ?r\gh ! ?9 metal tub+ ( ! radiator--to :i* are atta*$ sci5tifically work$ out f9s1 :i* assi/ 9 ! rapid radiation ( ! heat4 ,! fan1 j back ( ! radiator1 sucks ! air ar\nd ! tub+--ar\nd :i* ! air is also driv5 by ! =w>d movem5t ( ! c>4 ,! belt %\ld be inspect$ frequ5tly & tight5$ :5 necess>y--n too tight1 h[ev]--by means ( ! adju/+ screw 9 ! fan bracket4 ,take up ! slack till ! fan />ts to b9d :5 turn$ by h&4 ,h[ does ! ,wat] circulate8 ,answ] ,no4 #cf ,! cool+ app>atus ( ! ,=d c> is kn[n z ! ,!rmo-syphon sy/em4 ,x acts on ! pr9ciple t hot wat] seeks a high] level ?an cold wat]--consequ5tly :5 ! wat] rea*es a c]ta9 heat1 approximately #ahj degrees ,fahr5heit1 circulation comm5ces & ! wat] fl[s f ! l[] radiator outlet pipe up ?r\gh ! wat] jackets1 into ! upp] radiator wat] tank1 & d[n ?r\gh ! tubes to ! l[] tank1 to repeat ! process4 ,:at are ! causes ( ,ov]heat+8 ,answ] ,no4 #cg 7#a7 ,c>boniz$ cyl9d]s2 7#b7 too mu* driv+ on l[ spe$2 7#c7 sp>k ret>d$ too f>2 7#d7 poor ignition2 7#e7 n en\gh or poor grade oil2 7#f7 rac+ motor2 7#g7 clogg$ muffl]2 7#h7 improp] c>buretor adju/m5t2 7#i7 fan n work+ prop]ly on acc\nt ( brok5 or slipp+ belt2 7#aj7 improp] circulation ( wat] due to clogg$ or jamm$ radiator tubes1 leaky connections or l[ wat]4 ,:at %\ld be done :5 ! ,radiator ov]heats8 ,answ] ,no4 #ch ,keep ! radiator full4 ,don't get al>m$ if x boils occasionally--especially 9 driv+ ?r\gh mud & deep s& or up long hills 9 extremely w>m wea!r4 ,rememb] t ! eng9e develops ! greate/ effici5cy :5 ! wat] is heat$ ne>ly to ! boil+ po9t4 ,b if !re is p]si/5t ov]heat+ :5 ! motor is work+ "u ord9>y conditions--f9d ! cause ( ! tr\ble & rem$y x4 ,! *ances are t ! difficulty lies 9 improp] driv+ or c>boniz$ cyl9d]s4 ,p]haps twi/+ ! fan blades at a great] angle to produce m suction may br+ desir$ results4 ,by ref]5ce to ! prop] division ( ?is book ea* ( ! causes :i* contribute to an ov]heat$ radiator is treat$ & rem$ies sugge/$4 ,no tr\ble c result f ! fill+ ( a heat$ radiator ) cold wat]--provid+ ! wat] sy/em is n entirely empty--9 :i* case ! motor %\ld be all[$ to cool be=e ! cold wat] is introduc$4 ,h[ ab\t clean+ ! ,radiator8 ,answ] ,no4 #ci ,! entire circulat+ sy/em %\ld be ?or\ghly flu%$ out occasionally4 ,to d ?is prop]ly1 ! radiator inlet & outlet hose %\ld be disconnect$1 & ! radiator flu%$ out by all[+ ! wat] to ent] ! fill] neck at ord9>y pressure1 f :5ce x w fl[ d[n ?r\gh ! tubes & out at ! dra9 cock & hose4 ,! wat] jackets c be flu%$ out 9 ! same mann]4 ,simply all[ ! wat] to ent] into ! cyl9d] head connection & to fl[ ?r\gh ! wat] jackets & out at ! side inlet connection4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,!rmo-,syphon ,cool+ ,sy/em1 %[+ c\rse ( wat] ?r\gh wat] passages4 7,cut ,no4 #f7 ,w ! ,radiator freeze 9 w9t]8 ,answ] ,no4 #dj ,yes1 unless an anti-freez+ solution is us$ 9 ! circulat+ sy/em y are b\nd to exp]i5ce tr\ble4 ,z ! circulation does n comm5ce until ! wat] becomes heat$1 x is apt to freeze at l[ temp]ature be=e x comm5ces to circulate4 ,9 case any ( ! radiator tubes happ5 to be plugg$ or jamm$ !y are b\nd to freeze & bur/ op5 if ! driv] und]takes to get along )\t us+ a non-freez+ solution4 ,wood or d5atur$ alcohol c be us$ to good advantage4 ,! foll[+ table gives ! freez+ po9ts ( solutions conta9+ diff]5t p]c5tages ( alcohol3 #bj solution freezes at #ae degrees above z]o4 #cj solution freezes at #h degrees bel[ z]o1 #ej solution freezes at #cd degrees bel[ z]o4 ,a solution compos$ ( #fj wat]1 #aj glyc]9e & #cj alcohol is commonly us$1 its freez+ po9t be+ ab\t #h degrees bel[ z]o4 ,on acc\nt ( evaporation fre% alcohol mu/ be add$ frequ5tly 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! prop] solution4 ,h[ are leaks & jams 9 ! ,radiator repair$8 ,answ] ,no4 #da ,a small leak may be tempor>ily repair$ by apply+ br[n soap or :ite lead--b ! repair %\ld be made p]man5t ) sold] z soon z possible4 ,a jamm$ radiator tube is a m s]i\s affair4 ,:ile ! /opp+ ( "o tube does n s]i\sly int]f]e ) ! circulation1 x is b\nd to cause tr\ble soon] or lat]--& ! tube w freeze 9 cold wea!r4 ,cut ! tube an in* above & bel[ ! jam & ins]t a new piece1 sold]+ ! connections4 ,if ! entire radiator is badly jamm$ or brok5 x w\ld probably be advisable to in/all a new "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,?is cut illu/rates ! pr9ciple ( ,=d ,c>buretion4 7,cut ,no4 #g7 ,! ,gasol9e ,sy/em ,! ,c>buretor--h[ does x "w8 ,answ] ,no4 #db ,! c>buretor is ( ! automatic float fe$ type1 hav+ b "o adju/m5t--! gasol9e ne$le valve4 ,! cross-section diagram ( c>buretor on page #bj %[s h[ ! gasol9e ent]s ! c>buretor1 is vaporiz$ by a curr5t ( air & passes ?r\gh ! inlet pipe to ! eng9e 9 ! =m ( an explosive mixture4 ,! gasol9e1 ent]+ ! b[l ( ! c>buretor1 gradually raises ! float to a po9t :]e ! inlet ne$le is =c$ upw>ds into its seat1 ?us cutt+ (f ! fl[ ( gasol9e4 ,z ! gasol9e 9 ! b[l rec$es1 ! float l[]s1 all[+ ! ne$le to drop f its seat & ! fl[ ( gasol9e is resum$4 ,x is pla9 to see t a con/ant level ( gasol9e is ma9ta9$ 9 ! c>buretor by ! automatic action ( float & ne$le4 ,! quantity ( gasol9e ent]+ into ! mixture is gov]n$ by ! ne$le valve 7see ,answ] ,no4 #de74 ,! volume ( gas mixture ent]+ ! intake pipe is controll$ by op5+ & clos+ ! ?rottle1 accord+ to ! spe$ desir$ by ! driv]4 ,:y is ,c>buretor adju/m5t plac$ on ! da%8 ,answ] ,no4 #dc ,= ! conv5i5ce ( ! driv] 9 adju/+ ! c>buretor4 ,aft] ! new c> has become ?or\ghly work$ 91 ! driv] %\ld obs]ve ! angle ( ! c>buretor adju/+ rod at :i* ! eng9e runs mo/ satisfactorily4 ,9 cold wea!r x w probably be f\nd necess>y to turn ! da% adju/m5t "o-qu>t] turn to ! left1 p>ticul>ly 9 />t+ a cold eng9e4 ,z gasol9e vaporizes readily 9 w>m wea!r1 ! driv] w f9d x economical to r$uce ! quantity ( gasol9e 9 ! mixture by turn+ ! c>buretor adju/m5t to ! "r z f> z possible )\t r$uc+ spe$4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true :5 tak+ long drives :]e conditions p]mit a fair rate ( spe$ be+ ma9ta9$1 & acc\nts = ! excell5t gasol9e mileage obta9$ by good driv]s4 ,:at is meant by a lean & a ri* ,mixture8 ,answ] ,no4 #dd ,a lean mixture has too mu* air & n en\gh gasol9e4 ,a ri* mixture has too mu* gasol9e & n en\gh air4 ,a ri* mixture w n only quickly cov] ! cyl9d]s1 pi/ons & valves ) c>bon1 b w t5d to ov]heat ! cyl9d]s1 & is likewise wa/eful ( ! fuel4 ,x w (t5 *oke ! eng9e & cause misfir+ at sl[ spe$s1 al?\gh at high spe$s ! ma*9e w run p]fectly4 ,! mixture %\ld be kept z lean z possible )\t ! sacrifice ( any ( ! p[] ( ! motor4 ,a lean mixture w (t5 result 9 backfir+ ?r\gh ! c>buretor1 = ! reason t ! gas burns sl[ly 9 ! cyl9d]1 & is /ill burn+ :5 ! inlet valve op5s aga91 :i* causes ! gas 9 ! intake to ignite4 ,a ri* mixture is %[n by heavy1 black exhau/ smoke ) a disagreeable smell4 ,prop] mixture w cause v little smoke or odor4 ,h[ is ! ,c>buretor adju/$8 ,answ] ,no4 #de ,! usual me?od ( regulat+ ! c>buretor is to />t ! motor1 advanc+ ! ?rottle lev] to ab\t ! six? not*1 ) ! sp>k ret>d$ to ab\t ! f\r? not*4 ,! fl[ ( gasol9e %\ld n[ be cut (f by screw+ ! ne$le valve d[n to ! "r until ! eng9e beg9s to misfire1 !n gradually increase ! gasol9e fe$ by op5+ ! ne$le valve until ! motor picks up & rea*es its highe/ spe$ & no trace ( black smoke comes f ! exhau/4 ,:5ev] x is necess>y to turn ! adju/+ ne$le d[n m ?an a qu>t] turn bel[ its normal position1 ! lock nut on top ( ! c>buretor at ! po9t ?r\gh :i* ne$le passes %\ld fir/ be loos5$1 z o!rwise x is impossible to tell :5 ! ne$le is turn$ d[n 9 its seat too f>4 ,turn+ ! ne$le d[n too tightly w result 9 its becom+ groov$ & ! seat enl>g$4 ,:5 ^! p>ts are damag$ x is difficult to ma9ta9 prop] adju/m5t ( ! c>buretor4 ,hav+ det]m9$ ! po9t :]e ! motor runs at its maximum spe$1 ! ne$le valve lock nut %\ld be tight5$ to prev5t ! adju/m5t be+ di/urb$4 ,= av]age runn+1 a lean mixture w give bett] results ?an a ri* "o4 ,:y does wat] clog ! ,c>buretor8 ,answ] ,no4 #df ,! pres5ce ( wat] 9 ! c>buretor or gasol9e tank1 ev5 9 small am\nts1 w prev5t easy />t+ & ! motor w misfire & /op4 ,z wat] is heavi] ?an gasol9e x settles to ! bottom ( ! tank & into ! s$im5t bulb along ) o!r =eign matt]4 ,z x is difficult n[adays to get gasol9e absolutely free f impurities1 especially wat]1 x is advisable to frequ5tly dra9 ! s$im5t bulb "u ! gasol9e tank4 ,dur+ cold wea!r ! wat] :i* accumulates 9 ! s$im5t bulb is likely to freeze & prev5t ! fl[ ( gasol9e ?r\gh ! pipe lead+ to ! c>buretor4 ,%\ld any?+ ( ?is k9d happ5 x is possible to op5 ! gasol9e l9e by wrapp+ a clo? ar\nd ! s$im5t bulb & keep+ x saturat$ ) hot wat] = a %ort "t4 ,!n ! wat] %\ld be dra9$ (f4 ,9 ev5t ! wat] gets d[n into ! c>buretor & freezes1 ! same treatm5t may be appli$4 ,:at makes ! ,c>buretor leak8 ,answ] ,no4 #dg ,! fl[ ( gasol9e ent]+ ! c>buretor ?r\gh ! fe$ pipe is automatically regulat$ by ! float ne$le rais+ & l[]+ 9 its seat4 ,%\ld any p>ticle ( dirt become lodg$ 9 ! seat1 :i* prev5ts ! ne$le f clos+1 ! gasol9e w ov]fl[ 9 ! b[l ( ! c>buretor & leak out ^u ! gr\nd4 ,:5 !re is dirt 9 ! ,c>buretor--:at8 ,answ] ,no4 #dh ,! spray+ nozzle ( ! c>buretor hav+ a v small op5+1 a m9ute p>ticle ( grit or o!r =eign matt] w clog up ! orifice1 & result3 motor w beg9 to misfire & sl[ d[n z soon z x has atta9$ any consid]able spe$4 ,?is is acc\nt$ = by ! fact t at high spe$s ! increas$ suction w draw ! p>ticles ( du/1 etc41 into ! nozzle4 ,by op5+ ! valve ne$le half a turn & giv+ ! ?rottle lev] two or ?ree quick pulls ! dirt or s$im5t w (t5 be drawn ?r\gh1 :5 ! ne$le may be turn$ back to its orig9al place4 ,if ?is does n accompli% ! purpose1 ! c>buretor %\ld be dra9$4 ,if ,eng9e runs too fa/ or *okes ) ?rottle ret>d$--:at8 ,answ] ,no4 #di ,if ! eng9e runs too fa/ ) ?rottle fully ret>d$ unscrew ! c>buretor ?rottle lev] adju/+ screw until ! eng9e idles at suitable spe$4 ,if ! motor *okes & /ops :5 ?rottle is fully ret>d$ ! adju/+ screw %\ld be screw$ 9 until x /rikes ! boss1 prev5t+ ! ?rottle f clos+ too f>4 ,:5 prop] adju/m5t has be5 made1 tight5 lock-screw s t adju/m5t w n be di/urb$4 ,:at is ! purpose ( ! ,hot ,air ,pipe8 ,answ] ,no4 #ej ,x takes ! hot air f ar\nd ! exhau/ pipe & conducts x to ! c>buretor--:]e ! heat facilitates ! vaporiz+ ( ! gasol9e4 ,x is usually advisable to remove ?is pipe 9 ! hot season--b x is an absolutely necess>y feature dur+ cold wea!r4 ,:at is ! purpose ( ! ,cork ,float8 ,answ] ,no4 #ea ,x automatically controls ! fl[ ( ! gasol9e into ! c>buretor4 ,if x floats too l[1 />t+ w be difficult2 if too high1 ! c>buretor w flood & leak4 ,a cork float :i* has become fuel soak$ %\ld be remov$ & replac$ by a new "o or ?or\ghly dri$ & !n giv5 a c\ple ( coats ( liquid %ellac to make x wat]pro(4 ,%\ld ,prim+ ,rod be us$ 9 />t+ :5 ,motor is w>m8 ,answ] ,no4 #eb ,no4 ,! c>buretor does n ord9>ily require prim+ :5 ! motor is w>m1 & />t+ ) ! rod pull$ out is apt to flood ! eng9e ) an ov]-ri* mixture ( gas1 :i* does n readily explode4 ,?is naturally causes difficulty 9 />t+4 ,if y %\ld accid5tally flood ! eng9e1 turn ! c>buretor adju/+ ne$le d[n 7to ! "r7 until x seats2 !n turn ! eng9e ov] a few times 9 ord] to exhau/ ! ri* gas4 ,z soon z ! motor />ts1 turn back ! ne$le 7to ! left7 & readju/ ! c>buretor4 ,illu/ration3 ,wir+ ( ,=d ,ignition ,sy/em4 7,cut ,no4 #h7 ,! ,=d ,ignition ,sy/em ,:at is ! purpose ( ! ,ignition ,sy/em8 ,answ] ,no4 #ec ,x furni%es ! electric sp>k :i* explodes ! *>ge 9 ! combu/ion *amb]1 ?us produc+ ! p[] :i* runs ! eng9e4 ,x is important t ! *>ge be correctly ignit$ at ! prop] "t1 9 ord] to obta9 satisfactory results 9 runn+ ! c>4 ,9 ! ,=d c> ! ignition sy/em is z simple z x is possible = human inv5tion to make x4 ,h[ does ! ,magneto g5]ate ! curr5t8 ,answ] ,no4 #ed ,9 revolv+ at ! same rate ( spe$ z ! motor1 ! magnets on ! fly:eel pass+ ! /ation>y coil spools create an alt]nat+ l[ t5sion electric curr5t 9 coils ( wire :i* are w\nd ar\nd spools fa/5$ to ! /ation>y "p ( ! magneto1 & is c>ri$ f ^! coils to ! magneto connection 7wire7 lead+ to ! coil box on ! da%4 ,%\ld ! ,coil ,vibrator ,adju/m5t be di/urb$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ee ,! pres5t /yle ( coil unit is prop]ly adju/$ :5 x leaves ! factory & ?is adju/m5t %\ld n be di/urb$ unless to in/all new po9ts or to r$uce ! gap betwe5 ! po9ts :i* may h increas$ f we>4 ,:5 adju/m5ts are necess>y !y %\ld1 :5ev] possible1 be made by "o ( our s]vice /ations :o h special equipm5t = te/+ & adju/+ units & w gladly furni% exp]t s]vice4 ,if ! po9ts are pitt$ !y %\ld be fil$ flat ) a f9e d\ble-fac$ file & ! adju/+ ?umb nut turn$ d[n s t ) ! spr+ held d[n ! gap betwe5 ! po9ts w be a trifle less ?an #a_/cb ( an in*4 ,!n set ! lock nut s t ! adju/m5t c n be di/urb$4 ,d n b5d or hamm] on ! vibrators1 z ?is w\ld affect ! op]ation ( ! cu%ion spr+ ( ! vibrator bridge & r$uce ! effici5cy ( ! unit4 ,h[ is a ,weak ,unit detect$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ef ,) ! vibrators prop]ly adju/$1 if any p>ticul> cyl9d] fails or seems to develop only a weak action1 *ange ! position ( ! unit to det]m9e if ! fault is actually 9 ! unit4 ,! fir/ symptom ( a defective unit is ! buzz+ ( ! vibrator ) no sp>k at ! plug4 ,rememb] t a loose wire connection1 faulty sp>k plug1 or worn commutator may cause irregul>ity 9 ! runn+ ( ! motor4 ,^! are po9ts t %\ld be consid]$ be=e lay+ ! blame on ! coil4 ,h[ may %ort circuit 9 ,commutator ,wir+ be detect$8 ,answ] ,no4 #eg ,%\ld ! insulation ( ! prim>y wires 7runn+ f coil to commutator7 become worn to su* an ext5t t ! copp] wire is expos$--! curr5t w leak out 7i4 e4 %ort circuit7 :5ev] contact ) ! eng9e pan or o!r metal p>ts is made4 ,a /eady buzz+ ( "o ( ! coil units w indicate a %ort 9 ! wir+4 ,:5 driv+ ! c> ! eng9e w sudd5ly lag & p\nd on acc\nt ( ! premature explosion4 ,be c>eful n to crank ! eng9e d[nw>d aga9/ compression :5 ! c> is 9 ?is condition1 z ! %ort is apt to cause a vigor\s kick back4 ,does ,coil ,adju/m5t affect />t+8 ,answ] ,no4 #eh ,yes4 ,:5 ! vibrators are n prop]ly adju/$ m curr5t is requir$ to make & break ! contact betwe5 ! po9ts1 &1 z a result1 at crank+ spe$s y w\ld n get a sp>k betwe5 ! sp>k plug po9ts4 ,d n all[ ! contact po9ts to become ragg$1 o!rwise !y are apt to /ick & cause unnecess>y difficulty 9 />t+1 & :5 runn+ !y are apt to produce an occasional miss 9 ! eng9e4 ,:at is ! purpose ( ! ,commutator8 ,answ] ,no4 #ei ,! commutator 7or tim]7 det]m9es ! in/ant at :i* ! sp>k plugs mu/ fire4 ,x effects ! make & break 9 ! prim>y circuit4 ,! gr\nd$ wire 9 ! magneto all[s ! curr5t to fl[ ?r\gh ! metal p>ts to ! metal roll] 9 ! commutator4 ,!re=e1 :5 ! commutator roll] 9 revolv+ t\*es ! f\r commutator contact po9ts1 to ea* ( :i* is atta*$ a wire connect$ ) a coil unit1 an electrical circuit is pass$ ?r\gh ! entire sy/em ( prim>y wires4 ,?is circuit is only mom5t>y1 h[ev]1 z ! roll] passes ov] ! contact po9t v rapidly & sets up ! circuit 9 ea* unit z ! roll] t\*es ! contact po9t connect$ ) t unit4 ,! commutator %\ld be kept clean & well oil$ at all times4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,=d ,commutator4 7,cut ,no4 #i7 ,:at ab\t ! ,sp>k ,plugs8 ,answ] ,no4 #fj ,"o is locat$ at ! top ( ea* cyl9d] & c easily be tak5 out ) ! sp>k plug wr5* includ$ ) e c>1 aft] ! wire connection is remov$4 ,! high voltage curr5t fl[s out ( ! second>y coils 9 ! coil box & on rea*+ ! contact po9ts 9 ea* sp>k plug x is =c$ to jump a #a_/cb gap1 !reby =m+ a sp>k :i* ignites ! gasol9e *>ge 9 ! cyl9d]s4 ,! sp>k plugs %\ld be kept clean 7i4 e41 free f c>bon7 & %\ld be replac$ if !y p]si/ 9 n work+ prop]ly4 ,!re is no?+ to be ga9$ by exp]im5t+ ) diff]5t makes ( plugs4 ,! make ( plugs ) :i* ,=d eng9es are equipp$ :5 !y leave ! factory are be/ adapt$ to ! requirem5ts ( our motor1 not)/&+ ! op9ion ( v>i\s g>age m5 to ! contr>y4 ,all wire connections to sp>k plugs1 coil box & commutator %\ld1 ( c\rse1 at all times be kept 9 p]fect contact4 ,:at are ! indications ( ,ignition tr\ble8 ,answ] ,no4 #fa ,! unev5 sputt] & bang ( ! exhau/ means t "o or m cyl9d]s are explod+ irregul>ly or n at all1 & t ! tr\ble %\ld be promptly locat$ & ov]come4 ,misfir+1 if all[$ to cont9ue1 w 9 "t injure ! eng9e & ! entire me*anism4 ,if y w\ld be kn[n z a good driv] y w be satisfi$ only ) a s(t1 /eady purr f ! exhau/4 ,if any?+ goes wrong1 /op & fix x if possible--don't wait until y get home4 ,h[ c "o tell :i* ,cyl9d] is miss+8 ,answ] ,no4 #fb ,?is is done by manipulat+ ! vibrators on ! sp>k coils4 ,op5 ! ?rottle until ! eng9e is runn+ at a good spe$ & !n hold d[n ! two outside vibrators4 ,no4 #a & ,no4 #d1 ) ! f+]s1 s !y _c buzz4 ,?is cuts out ! two correspond+ cyl9d]s4 ,no4 #a & ,no4 #d1 leav+ only ,no4 #b & ,no4 #c runn+4 ,if !y explode regul>ly x is obvi\s ! tr\ble is 9 ei!r ,no4 #a or ,no4 #d4 ,relieve ,no4 #d & hold d[n ,no4 #b & ,no4 #c & also ,no4 #a2 if ,no4 #d cyl9d] explodes ev5ly x is evid5t ! misfir+ is 9 ,no4 #a4 ,9 ?is mann] all ( ! cyl9d]s 9 turn c be te/$ until ! tr\ble is locat$4 ,exam9e bo? ! sp>k plug & ! vibrator ( ! miss+ cyl9d]4 ,if ! ,coil & ,plug are "r--:at8 ,answ] ,no4 #fc ,! tr\ble is probably due to an improp]ly seat$ valve1 worn commutator1 or %ort circuit 9 ! commutator wir+4 ,weakness 9 ! valves may be easily det]m9$ by lift+ ! />t+ crank sl[ly ! l5g? ( ! /roke ( ea* cyl9d] 9 turn1 a /rong or weak compression 9 any p>ticul> valve be+ easily detect$4 ,x sometimes happ5s t ! cyl9d] head gasket 7pack+7 becomes leaky--p]mitt+ ! gas "u compression to escape1 a condition t c be detect$ by runn+ a little lubricat+ oil ar\nd ! edge ( ! gasket & notic+ :e!r bubbles appe> or n4 ,does a worn ,commutator ev] cause misfir+8 ,answ] ,no4 #fd ,yes4 ,if misfir+ occurs :5 runn+ at high spe$1 inspect ! commutator4 ,! surface ( ! circle ar\nd :i* roll] 7see ,cut ,no4 #i7 travels %\ld be clean & smoo?1 s t ! roll] makes a p]fect contact at all po9ts4 ,if ! roll] fails to make a good contact on any "o ( ! f\r contact po9ts1 its correspond+ cyl9d] w n fire4 ,clean ^! surfaces1 if dirty4 ,9 case ! fibre1 contact po9ts & roll] ( ! commutator are badly worn ! mo/ satisfactory rem$y is to replace !m ) new p>ts4 ,! spr+ %\ld be /rong en\gh to make a firm contact betwe5 ! roll] po9ts if !y are worn or dirty4 ,misfir+ may also be caus$ by %ort circuit$ commutator wires4 ,h[ is ! ,commutator remov$8 ,answ] ,no4 #fe ,remove cott] p9 f sp>k rod & deta* latt] f commutator4 ,loos5 ! cap screw :i* goes ?r\gh brea!r pipe on top ( "t ge> cov]4 ,?is w release ! spr+ :i* holds ! commutator case 9 place & ?is "p c be readily remov$4 ,unscrew lock nut2 )draw /eel bru% cap & drive out ! reta9+ p94 ,! bru% c !n be remov$ f ! cam %aft4 ,9 replac+ ! bru%1 c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to see t x is replac$ s t ! exhau/ valve on ! fir/ cyl9d] is clos$ :5 ! bru% po9ts upw>d4 ,?is may be asc]ta9$ by remov+ ! valve door & obs]v+ ! op]ation ( ,no4 #a valve4 ,does cold wea!r affect ! ,commutator8 ,answ] ,no4 #ff ,x is a well-kn[n fact t 9 cold wea!r ev5 ! be/ grades ( lubricat+ oil are apt to congeal to "s ext5t4 ,if ?is occurs 9 ! commutator x is v apt to prev5t ! roll] f mak+ p]fect contact ) ! contact po9ts imb$d$ 9 ! fibre4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 makes difficult />t+ z ! roll] arm spr+ is n /iff en\gh to bru% away ! film ( oil :i* naturally =ms ov] ! contact po9ts4 ,to ov]come ?is1 z well z any liability ( ! contact po9ts to ru/1 we recomm5d a mixture ( #be k]os5e ) commutator lubricat+ oil1 :i* w ?9 x suffici5tly to prev5t congeal+1 or freez+1 z x is commonly call$4 ,y h probably notic$ 9 />t+ y\r c> 9 cold wea!r t p]haps only "o or two cyl9d]s w fire = ! fir/ m9ute or s1 :i* indicates t ! tim] is 9 ! condition describ$ above & z a consequ5ce a p]fect contact is n be+ made on ea* ( ! f\r t]m9als4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,=d ,magneto4 ,! fly:eel ) magnets revolves :ile magneto coils rema9 /ation>y4 7,cut ,no4 #aj7 ,h[ is ! ,magneto remov$8 ,answ] ,no4 #fg ,x is necess>y to take ! p[] plant out ( ! c> 7see ,answ] ,no4 #cb7 9 ord] to remove ! magneto4 ,!n remove crank case & transmission cov]--take out ! f\r cap screws t hold ! fly:eel to ! crank %aft4 ,y w !n h access to ! magnets & entire magneto me*anism4 ,9 tak+ out ^! p>ts--or any p>ts ( ! c>--! utmo/ c>e %\ld be tak5 to make sure t ! p>ts are s m>k$ t !y may be replac$ prop]ly4 ,:5 ! ,magneto gets out ( ord]--:at8 ,answ] ,no4 #fh ,! ,=d magneto is made ( p]man5t magnets & !re is v little likelihood ( _! ev] los+ _! /r5g?1 unless act$ ^u by "s outside =ce4 ,= in/ance1 ! atta*m5t ( a /orage batt]y to ! magneto t]m9al w demagnetize ! magnets4 ,if any?+ l ?is happ5s1 x is n advisable to try to re*>ge !m1 b r in/all a complete set ( new magnets4 ,! new magnets w be s5t f ! ne>e/ ag5t or bran* h\se1 & w be plac$ on a bo>d 9 id5tically ! same mann] z !y %\ld be :5 in/all$ on ! fly:eel4 ,great c>e %\ld be tak5 9 assembl+ ! magnets & l9+ up ! magneto s t ! faces ( ! magnets are sep>at$ f ! surface ( ! coil spool j #a_/cb ( an in*4 ,to take out ! old magnets1 simply remove ! cap screw & bronze screw :i* holds ea* 9 place4 ,! magneto is (t5 blam$ :5 ! tr\ble is a weak curr5t caus$ by wa/e or o!r =eign matt] accumulat+ "u ! contact spr+1 :i* is held 9 place by ! b9d+ po/ on top ( ! crank case cov]4 ,remove ! ?ree screws :i* hold ! b9d+ po/ 9 place1 remove b9d+ po/ & spr+ & replace aft] =eign sub/ance has be5 remov$4 ,illu/ration3 ,transmission %[+ all ge>s 9 me%4 7,cut ,no4 #aa7 ,! ,=d ,transmission ,:at is ! function ( ! ,transmission8 ,answ] ,no4 #fi ,x is t "p ( ! me*anism ( an automobile :i* lies betwe5 ! crank %aft & ! drive %aft & by :i* "o is enabl$ to move at diff]5t spe$s f ! o!r4 ,x is ! spe$ ge> ( ! c>4 ,x s5ds ! c> =w>d at l[ & high spe$s & by x ! c> is rev]s$4 ,:at is meant by ! t]m ,planet>y ,transmission8 ,answ] ,no4 #gj ,"o 9 :i* ! gr\ps ( ge>s always rema9 9 me% & revolve ar\nd a ma9 axis4 ,! diff]5t sets ( ge>s are br\ght into action by /opp+ ! revolution ( ! p>ts :i* support ! ge>s4 ,by means ( b&s 7simil> to brake b&s7 ! rotation ( ! diff]5t p>ts is /opp$4 ,! planet>y transmission is ! simple/ & mo/ direct means ( spe$ control--& is a di/9ct advantage ( ! ,=d c>4 ,:at is ! purpose ( ! ,clut*8 ,answ] ,no4 #ga ,if ! crank %aft ( ! eng9e ran )\t break /raight ?r\gh to ! diff]5tial--& ?r\gh x appli$ its p[] direct to ! re> :eels--! c> w\ld />t =w>d imm$iately ^u ! />t+ ( ! eng9e 77 x possible to get x />t$ "u su* conditions74 ,to ov]come ?is difficulty ! %aft is divid$ & by means ( ! clut* ! "p ( ! %aft to :i* ! runn+ eng9e is deliv]+ its p[] is enabl$ to take hold ( ! unmov+ "p gradually & />t ! c> )\t jolt or j>4 ,! =w>d "p ( ! %aft is ref]r$ to z ! crank %aft1 ! re> "p z ! drive %aft4 ,h[ is ! ,clut* controll$8 ,answ] ,no4 #gb ,by ! left p$al at ! driv]'s feet 7see ,answ] ,no4 #aj74 ,if ! clut* p$al1 :5 pu%$ =w>d into sl[ spe$1 has a t5d5cy to /ick & n come back readily into high1 tight5 up ! sl[ spe$ b& z direct$ 9 ,answ] ,no4 #gd4 ,%\ld ! ma*9e h an incl9ation to creep =w>d :5 crank+1 x indicates t ! clut* lev] screw :i* be>s on ! clut* lev] cam has worn1 & requires an extra turn to hold ! clut* 9 neutral position4 ,:5 ! clut* is releas$ by pull+ back ! h& lev] ! p$al %\ld move =w>d a di/ance ( #a 9 pass+ f high spe$ to neutral4 ,see t ! hub brake %oe & connections are 9 prop] ord] s t ! brake w act suffici5tly to prev5t ! c> creep+ v f> ahead4 ,also be sure ! sl[ spe$ b& does n b9d on acc\nt ( be+ adju/$ too tight4 ,don't use a too heavy grade ( oil 9 cold wea!r z x w h a t5d5cy to congeal betwe5 ! clut* discs & prev5t prop] action ( ! clut*4 ,h[ is ! ,clut* adju/$8 ,answ] ,no4 #gc ,remove ! plate on ! transmission cov] "u ! floor bo>ds at ! driv]'s feet4 ,take out ! cott] key on ! fir/ clut* f+] & give ! set screw "o-half to "o complete turn to ! "r ) a screw-driv]4 ,d ! same to ! o!r f+] set screws4 ,b be sure to give ea* ! same numb] ( turns & don't =get to replace ! cott] key4 ,& aft] a consid]able p]iod ( s]vice ! we> 9 ! clut* may be tak5 up by in/all+ ano!r pair ( clut* discs1 r ?an by turn+ ! adju/+ screws 9 too f>4 ,illu/ration3 ,! above draw+ ( ,transmission %[s cle>ly ! op]ation ( ,clut*1 ,rev]se & ,brake ,p$als4 7,cut ,no4 #ab7 ,,caution3 ,let u w>n y aga9/ plac+ any small tools or objects ov] or 9 ! transmission case )\t a good wire or cord atta*$ to !m4 ,o!rwise if !y are dropp$ into ! transmission case x is almo/ impossible to recov] !m )\t tak+ (f ! transmission cov]4 ,h[ are ! ,b&s adju/$8 ,answ] ,no4 #gd ,! sl[ spe$ b& may be tight5$ by loos5+ ! lock nut at ! "r side ( ! transmission cov]1 & turn+ ! adju/+ screw 7see ,cut ,no4 #ab7 to ! "r4 ,to tight5 ! brake & rev]se b&s remove ! transmission cov] door & turn ! adju/+ nuts on ! %afts to ! "r4 ,see t ! b&s d n drag on ! drums :5 dis5gag$1 z !y ex]t a brake effect1 & t5d to ov]heat ! motor4 ,h[ev]1 ! foot brake %\ld be adju/$ s t a sudd5 pressure w /op ! c> imm$iately1 or slide ! re> :eels 9 case ( em]g5cy4 ,! b&s1 :5 worn to su* an ext5t t !y w n take hold prop]ly1 %\ld be rel9$1 s t !y w engage smoo?ly )\t caus+ a j]ky movem5t ( ! c>4 ,! l9+ is inexp5sive & may be _h at any ,=d s]vice /ation at small co/4 ,h[ are ! ,b&s remov$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ge ,remove ! />t+ motor 7see ,answ] ,no4 #abh74 ,take (f ! door on top ( transmission cov]4 ,turn ! rev]se adju/m5t nut & ! brake adju/m5t nut to ! extreme end ( ! p$al %afts1 !n remove ! sl[ spe$ adju/+ screw4 ,remove ! bolts hold+ ! transmission cov] to crank case & lift (f ! cov] assembly4 ,slip ! b& ne>e/ ! fly:eel ov] ! fir/ ( ! triple ge>s1 !n turn ! b& ar\nd s t ! op5+ is d[nw>d4 ,! b& c n[ be remov$ by lift+ upw>d4 ,! op]ation is m easily accompli%$ if ! ?ree sets ( triple ge>s are s plac$ t "o set is ab\t t5 degrees to ! "r ( c5t] at top4 ,ea* b& is remov$ by ! same op]ation4 ,x is necess>y to %ove ea* b& =w>d on to ! triple ge>s z at ?is po9t only is !re suffici5t cle>ance 9 ! crank case to all[ ! e>s ( ! transmission b&s to be turn$ d[nw>d4 ,by rev]s+ ?is op]ation ! b&s may be in/all$4 ,aft] be+ plac$ 9 _! upright position on ! drums pass a cord ar\nd ! e>s ( ! ?ree b&s1 hold+ !m 9 ! c5t] s t :5 putt+ ! transmission cov] 9 place no tr\ble w be exp]i5c$ 9 gett+ ! p$al %afts to re/ 9 ! not*es 9 ! b& e>s4 ,! clut* release r+ mu/ be plac$ 9 ! re> groove ( ! clut* %ift4 ,) ! cov] 9 place remove ! cord :i* held ! b&s 9 place :ile ! cov] 0 be+ in/all$4 ,h[ is ! ,transmission assembl$8 ,answ] ,no4 #gf ,cut ,no4 #ac %[s ! transmission p>ts 9 _! relative assembl+ positions & gr\p$ 9 _! diff]5t op]ations ( assembl+4 ,! fir/ op]ation is ! assembl+ ( gr\p ,no4 #b1 :i* is z foll[s3 ,place ! brake drum on table ) ! hub 9 a v]tical position1 place ! sl[ spe$ plate ov] ! hub ) ge> upp]mo/4 ,!n place rev]se plate ov] ! sl[ spe$ plate s t ! rev]se ge> surr\nds ! sl[ spe$ ge>4 ,fit ! two keys 9 ! hub j above ! sl[ spe$ ge>4 ,put ! driv5 ge> 9 position ) ! tee? d[nw>d s t !y w come next to ! sl[ spe$ ge>4 ,take ! ?ree triple ge>s & me% !m ) ! driv5 ge> accord+ to ! pun* m>ks on ! tee?1 ! rev]se ge> or smalle/ ( ! triple ge> assembly be+ d[nw>d4 ,aft] mak+ sure t ! triple ge>s are prop]ly me%$ tie !m 9 place by pass+ a cord ar\nd ! outside ( ! ?ree ge>s4 ,take ! fly:eel & place x on ! table ) ! face d[nw>d & ! transmission %aft 9 a v]tical position2 !n inv]t ! gr\p :i* y h assembl$ ov] ! transmission %aft1 sett+ x 9 position s t ! triple ge> p9s on ! fly:eel w pass ?r\gh ! triple ge>s4 ,?is w br+ ! brake drum on top 9 a position to hold ! clut* plates1 etc4 ,! next /ep is to fit ! clut* drum key 9 ! transmission %aft4 ,press ! clut* disc drum ov] ! %aft & put ! set screw 9 place to hold ! drum4 ,put a l>ge disc ov] ! clut* drum1 !n a small disc1 alt]nat+ ) l>ge & small discs until ! entire set ( discs are 9 position1 end+ up ) a l>ge disc on top4 ,illu/ration3 ,transmission p>ts 9 _! relative assembl+ positions4 7,cut ,no4 #ac7 ,if a small disc is on top x is liable to fall ov] ! clut* drum 9 *ang+ ! spe$ f high to l[ & z a result y w\ld be unable to *ange ! spe$ back into high4 ,next put ! clut* pu% r+ ov] ! clut* drum1 & on top ( ! discs ) ! ?ree p9s project+ upw>d 7see ,gr\p ,no4 #d1 ,cut ,no4 #ac74 ,y w note ! rema9+ p>ts are plac$ z !y w be assembl$4 ,next bolt ! driv+ plate 9 position s t ! adju/+ screws ( ! clut* f+]s w be> aga9/ ! clut* pu% r+ p9s4 ,be=e proce$+ fur!r x w\ld be a good plan to te/ ! transmission by mov+ ! plates ) ! h&s4 ,if ! transmission is prop]ly assembl$ !y w revolve freely4 ,! clut* p>ts may be assembl$ on ! driv+ plate hub z foll[s3 ,slip ! clut* %ift ov] ! hub s t ! small end re/s on ! ends ( ! clut* f+]s4 ,next put on ! clut* spr+1 plac+ ! clut* support inside s t ! flange w re/ on ! upp] coil ( ! spr+ & press into place1 ins]t+ ! p9 9 ! driv+ plate hub ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! side ( ! spr+ support4 ,!n turn ! clut* spr+ support until ! p9 fits into ! lugs on ! bottom ( ! support4 ,! easie/ me?od ( compress+ ! spr+ suffici5tly to ins]t ! p9 is to loos5 ! t5sion ( ! clut* f+] by means ( ! adju/+ screws4 ,:5 tight5+ up ! clut* aga9 ! spr+ %\ld be compress$ to )9 a space ( two or two & "o-sixte5? in*es to insure aga9/ ! clut* slipp+4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ to see t ! screws 9 ! f+]s are adju/$ s ! spr+ is compress$ ev5ly all ar\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,re> ,axle ,sy/em4 7,cut ,no4 #ad7 ,! ,re> ,axle ,assembly ,h[ is ! ,re> ,axle remov$8 ,answ] ,no4 #gg ,jack up c> & remove re> :eels z in/ruct$ 9 ,answ] ,no4 #hi4 ,take out ! f\r bolts connect+ ! univ]sal ball cap to ! transmission case & cov]4 ,disconnect brake rods4 ,remove nuts hold+ spr+ p]*es to re> axle h\s+ flanges4 ,raise frame at ! re> end1 & ! axle c be easily )drawn4 ,h[ is ! ,univ]sal ,jo9t disconnect$ f ! ,drive ,%aft8 ,answ] ,no4 #gh ,remove two plugs f top & bottom ( ball ca/+ & turn %aft until p9 comes opposite hole1 drive out p9 & ! jo9t c be pull$ or =c$ away f ! %aft & out ( ! h\s+4 ,h[ are ! ,re> ,axle & ,diff]5tial disassembl$8 ,answ] ,no4 #gi ,) ! univ]sal jo9t disconnect$1 remove nuts 9 front end ( radius rods & ! nuts on /uds hold+ drive %aft tube to re> axle h\s+4 ,remove bolts :i* hold ! two halves ( diff]5tial h\s+ toge!r4 ,if necess>y to disassemble diff]5tial a v slight me*anical k w p]mit "o to imm$iately disc]n h[ to d x once x is expos$ to view4 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to get e p91 bolt & keylock back 9 its correct position :5 reassembl+4 ,h[ is ! ,drive ,%aft ,p9ion remov$8 ,answ] ,no4 #hj ,! end ( ! drive %aft1 to :i* ! p9ion is atta*$1 is tap]$ to fit ! tap]$ hole 9 ! p9ion1 :i* is key$ onto ! %aft1 & !n secur$ by a cott]-p9n$ ca/le nut4 ,remove ! ca/le nut1 & drive ! p9ion (f4 ,h[ are ! ,diff]5tial ,ge>s ,remov$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ha ,! diff]5tial ge>s are atta*$ to ! inn] ends ( ! re> axle %aft4 ,!y "w ^u ! diff]5tial p9ions :5 turn+ a corn]1 s t ! axle %afts revolve indep5d5tly1 b :5 ! c> is mov+ 9 a /raight l9e ! diff]5tial p9ions & diff]5tial ge>s & axle %afts move z an integral "p4 ,if y w exam9e ! re> axle %afts y w notice t ! ge>s are key$ on1 & held 9 position by a r+ :i* is 9 two halves & fits 9 a groove 9 ! re> axle %aft4 ,to remove ! diff]5tial ge>s1 =ce !m d[n on ! %aft1 t is1 away f ! end to :i* !y are secur$1 drive out ! two halves ( r+ 9 ! grooves 9 %aft ) screw-driv] or *isel1 !n =ce ! ge>s (f ! end ( ! %afts4 ,h[ is ! ,re> ,axle ,%aft remov$8 ,answ] ,no4 #hb ,disconnect re> axle z direct$ 9 ,answ] ,no4 #gg1 !n unbolt ! drive %aft assembly :]e x jo9s ! re> axle h\s+ at ! diff]5tial4 ,disconnect ! radius rods & brake rods at ! out] ends ( ! h\s+4 ,take out ! bolts :i* hold ! two halves ( ! re> axle h\s+ toge!r at ! c5t] & remove ! h\s+4 ,take ! inn] diff]5tial cas+ ap>t & draw ! axle %aft out4 ,aft] replac+ ! axle %aft be sure t ! re> :eels are firmly w$g$ on at ! out] end ( ! axle %aft & ! key 9 prop] position4 ,:5 ! c> has be5 driv5 ?irty days or s1 make x a po9t to remove ! hub cap & set up ! lock nut to ov]come any play t might h develop$4 ,x is extremely important t ! re> :eels are kept tight1 o!rwise ! con/ant rock+ back & =? aga9/ ! keyway may 9 "t cause s]i\s tr\ble4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,=d ,em]g5cy ,brake4 7,cut ,no4 #ae7 ,if ! re> axle or :eel is sprung by skidd+ aga9/ a curb1 or o!r accid5t1 x is false economy to drive ! c> )\t correct+ ! tr\ble1 z tires1 ge>s & all o!r p>ts w suff]4 ,if ! axle %aft is b5t1 x c1 ) prop] facilities1 be /raight5$1 b x is be/ to replace x4 ,! ,=d ,muffl] ,:y is ! ,muffl] necess>y8 ,answ] ,no4 #hc ,! exhau/ z x comes f ! eng9e ?r\gh ! exhau/ pipe w\ld create a con/ant & di/ract+ noise 7 x n = ! muffl]4 ,f ! comp>atively small pipe1 ! exhau/ is lib]at$ into ! l>g] *amb]s ( ! muffl]1 :]e ! =ce ( ! exhau/ is less5$ by expansion & dis*>g$ out ( ! muffl] ) practically no noise4 ,! ,=d muffl] con/ruction is su* t !re is v little back pressure ( ! escap+ gases1 consequ5tly !re is no?+ to be ga9$ by putt+ a cut-out 9 ! exhau/ pipe betwe5 ! eng9e & ! muffl]4 ,h[ is ! ,muffl] disconnect$8 ,answ] ,no4 #hd ,disconnect ! exhau/ pipe f ! motor by unscrew+ ! pack nut & remove ! bolts :i* hold ! muffl] to ! frame4 ,aft] ! muffl] has be5 disconnect$ x c be disassembl$ by remov+ ! nut at ! re> end4 ,! ,runn+ ,ge> ,:at c>e %\ld ! ,runn+ ,ge> h8 ,answ] ,no4 #he ,9 ! fir/ place x at all times %\ld h prop] lubrication 7see *apt] on ,lubrication74 ,once 9 e ?irty days ! front & re> axles %\ld be c>efully gone ov] to see t e mov+ "p1 su* z ! bu%+s 9 spr+ connections1 spr+ hang]s1 /e]+ knuckles & hub be>+s1 are ?or\ghly lubricat$1 & t all nuts & connections are secur$ ) cott] p9s 9 place4 ,! spr+ clips1 :i* atta* ! front spr+ to ! frame1 %\ld be inspect$ frequ5tly to see t ev]y?+ is 9 p]fect ord]4 ,h[ is ! ,front ,axle remov$8 ,answ] ,no4 #hf ,jack up front ( c> s :eels c be remov$ 7see ,answ] ,no4 #hi71 disconnect /e]+ ge> ball arm f ! sp9dle connect+ rod1 disconnect radius rod at ball jo9t1 & remove two cott] p9 bolts f spr+ %ackle on ea* side1 s deta*+ front spr+4 ,to disconnect radius rod f axle1 remove cott]-p9n$ nuts4 ,to remove radius rod entirely1 take ! two bolts out ( ! ball jo9t & remove l[] half ( cap4 ,9 case ( accid5t1 h[ is ! ,front ,axle /raight5$8 ,answ] ,no4 #hg ,%\ld ! axle or sp9dle become b5t extreme c>e mu/ be us$ to /raight5 ! p>ts accurately4 ,d n heat ! =g+s1 z ?is w untemp] ! /eel1 b /raight5 !m cold4 ,if conv5i5t x w\ld be bett] to return su* p>ts to ! deal]1 :]e !y may be prop]ly /raight5$ 9 jigs design$ = t purpose4 ,x is v ess5tial t ! :eels l9e up prop]ly 7see ,answ] ,no4 #ij74 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,=d ,sp9dle & ,front ,hub ,assembly4 7,cut ,no4 #af7 ,! eye is n suffici5tly accurate to det]m9e :e!r ! p>ts h be5 prop]ly /raight5$1 & excessive we> ( ! front tires w occur if ev]y?+ is n 9 p]fect alignm5t4 ,:at ab\t ! ,:eels8 ,answ] ,no4 #hh ,! :eels %\ld be jack$ up p]iodically & te/$1 n only = smoo?ness ( runn+1 b = side play z well4 ,if 9 sp9n+ a front :eel a %>p click occurs n[ & !n & ! :eel is mom5t>ily *eck$1 x is probable t !re is a *ipp$ or split ball 9 ! be>+ :i* %\ld be remov$1 o!rwise x may necessitate ! removal ( ! entire be>+4 ,a :eel 9 p]fect adju/m5t %\ld1 aft] sp9n+1 come to re/ ) ! tire valve directly bel[ ! hub4 ,undue we> ( ! hub be>+s is usually caus$ by lack ( lubrication & excessive friction1 due to ! adju/+ cone be+ screw$ up too tight4 ,x is a good plan to clean ! be>+s frequ5tly & keep ! hub well fill$ ) grease4 ,h[ are ! ,:eels remov$8 ,answ] ,no4 #hi ,front :eels3 ,take (f hub cap1 remove cott] p9 & unscrew ca/le nut & sp9dle wa%]4 ,! adju/able be>+ cone c !n be tak5 out & ! :eel remov$4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to see t ! cones & lock nuts are replac$ on ! same sp9dle f :i* !y 7 remov$1 o!rwise !re is a liability ( /ripp+ ! ?reads :i* are left on ! left sp9dle & "r on ! opposite z y /& fac+ ! c>4 ,re> :eels3 ,!y %\ld n be remov$ unless absolutely necess>y--9 :i* case proce$ z above1 !n ) a :eel pull] remove ! :eel f ! tap]$ %aft to :i* x is lock$ ) a key4 ,9 replac+ re> :eels be sure t nut on axle %aft is z tight z possible & cott] p9 9 place4 ,! hub caps ( ! re> :eels %\ld be remov$ occasionally & ! lock nuts :i* hold ! hub 9 place tight5$ up4 ,if ^! nuts are all[$ to "w loose1 ! result+ play on ! hub key may ev5tually twi/ (f ! axle %aft4 ,h[ does ! sett+ ( ! ,front ,:eels diff] f t ( ! ,re> ,:eels8 ,answ] ,no4 #ij ,x w be obs]v$ t ! front :eels are di%$2 t is1 ! spokes are giv5 a slight outw>d fl>e to enable !m to meet side /resses ) less rigid resi/ance--:ile ! spokes ( ! re> :eels are /raight4 ,! front :eels are also plac$ at an angle--t is to say1 ! di/ance betwe5 ! tops ( ! front :eels is ab\t ?ree in*es great] ?an betwe5 ! bottoms4 ,?is is to give p]fect /e]+ qualities & to save we> on ! tires :5 turn+ corn]s4 ,! front :eels %\ld n1 h[ev]1 toe-9 at ! front--at lea/ n m ?an a qu>t] ( an in*4 ,l9es drawn along ! outside ( ! :eels :5 ! latt] are /raight 9 a =w>d position %\ld be p>allel4 ,all :eels %\ld always be kept 9 prop] alignm5t1 o!rwise /e]+ w be difficult & tire we> greatly increas$4 ,adju/m5t c be made by turn+ ! yoke at ! left end ( ! sp9dle connect+ rod1 to draw ! :eels into a p>allel position4 ,:at ab\t in/all+ ,roll] ,be>+ ,cups8 ,answ] ,no4 #ia ,:5ev] x is necess>y to in/all roll] be>+ cups1 ei!r 9 *ang+ ov] f ball be>+s to roll] be>+s or 9 replac+ worn cups1 ! "w %\ld be done by a ,deal] or ,g>age :i* has ! necess>y equipm5t = ?is "w4 ,9 ord] to avoid excessive we> ( ! be>+s x is ess5tial t ! cups be fitt$ absolutely true & ?is is practically impossible )\t ! use ( special equipm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,sectional view ( ,hub %[+ ,roll] ,be>+s4 7,cut ,no4 #ag7 ,h[ are ! ,roll] ,be>+s in/all$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ib ,fir/1 pack ! hub full ( clean good quality cup grease4 ,take ! inn] cone ) its roll]s & pack x ) grease1 fill+ all ( ! space ar\nd & betwe5 ! roll]s4 ,!n place ! inn] cone 9 ! l>g] cup4 ,next1 drive ! du/ r+ ) felt wa%] into ! inn] end ( ! hub s t x is flu% ) ! end ( ! hub4 ,place ! :eel c>ry+ ! inn] be>+s ) du/ r+ on ! sp9dle4 ,! inn] cone is a "o-?\s&? fit1 or1 9 o!r words1 a slip fit on ! sp9dle4 7,see ,cut ,no4 #ag47 ,x is nev] necess>y to =ce ! cone onto ! sp9dle z ! cups are =c$ into ! hub4 ,pack ! out] or ?read$ cone & roll]s ) cup grease1 fill+ all ! space betwe5 ! roll]s1 z 0 done ) ! inn] cone4 ,! cones are made up 9 "r-& left-h& ?reads to correspond to ! ?reads on ! sp9dles4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t a "r-h& ?read$ cone is n =c$ onto a left-h& ?read$ sp9dle4 ,! "r-h& ?read is on ! left-h& side ( ! c>1 :ile ! left-h& ?read is on ! "r-h& side ( ! c>4 ,place ! cone on ! sp9dle1 runn+ x up tight en\gh s t ! :eel seems to b9d2 give ! :eel a few turns to be sure t all ! work+ p>ts are 9 p]fect contact2 !n back (f ! cone to a turn :i* w be suffici5t to all[ ! :eel to revolve freely )\t end play4 ,to det]m9e if !re is end play1 grasp ! spokes & %ake ! :eel4 ,d n mi/ake loose sp9dle bu%+s = loose be>+s4 ,ins]t a cold *isel betwe5 axle & sp9dle to take up any play :ile te/+ ! be>+s4 ,next1 put on ! sp9dle wa%] & nut1 draw+ ! nut to a firm be>+4 ,make sure t ! cone has n be5 =c$ out ( adju/m5t4 ,?is c be det]m9$ by giv+ ! :eel a few turns4 ,ins]t ! cott] p9 :i* locks ! nut on ! sp9dle1 fill ! hub cap ) grease & screw x 9 place on ! hub4 ,h[ (t5 %\ld ! ,be>+s be lubricat$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ic ,e ?ree or f\r mon?s ! :eels %\ld be remov$1 ! old grease tak5 out & ! hubs & be>+s ?or\ghly cleans$ ) k]os5e4 ,!n repack ! hub & be>+s ) clean grease & readju/ ! be>+s4 ,:at c>e d ! ,spr+s ne$8 ,answ] ,no4 #id ,! spr+s %\ld be lubricat$ frequ5tly ) oil or graphite4 ,to d ?is1 pry ! leaves ap>t ne> ! ends & ins]t ! lubricant betwe5 !m4 ,:5ev] a c> is giv5 a g5]al ov]haul+1 ! spr+s %\ld be disassembl$ & ! leaves poli%$ ) em]y clo?1 aft]w>ds pack+ !m ) graphite :5 reassembl+4 ,ru/ c be prev5t$ f accumulat+ on ! spr+s by pa9t+ !m :5 necess>y ) a quick dry+ black pa9t4 ,y w f9d t ^! sugge/ions if c>ri$ out w n only improve ! rid+ qualities ( ! c> b prolong ! life ( ! p>ts z well4 ,%\ld ,spr+ ,clips be kept tight8 ,answ] ,no4 #ie ,yes4 ,if ! spr+ clips are all[$ to "w loose ! entire /ra9 is put on ! tie bolt :i* ext5ds ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! spr+4 ,?is may cause ! bolt to be %e>$ (f & all[ ! frame & body to %ift a trifle to "o side4 ,x is a good plan to frequ5tly inspect ! clips :i* hold ! spr+s to ! frame & see t !y are kept tight4 ,:at ab\t ! ,/e]+ ,app>atus8 ,answ] ,no4 #if ,x is exce$+ly simple & w ne$ little c>e--except1 ( c\rse1 prop] lubrication4 ,! po/ ge>s :i* are arrang$ 9 ! sun & planet =m are locat$ at ! top ( ! po/ j bel[ ! hub ( ! :eel 7see ,cut ,no4 #a74 ,by loos5+ ! set screw & unscrew+ ! cap--aft] hav+ remov$ ! /e]+ :eel--!y may readily be inspect$ & repl5i%$ ) grease4 ,to remove ! /e]+ :eel1 unscrew ! nut on top ( ! po/ & drive ! :eel (f ! %aft ) a block ( wood & hamm]4 ,h[ is ,/e]+ ,ge> tight5$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ig ,%\ld ! /e]+ ge> become loose1 t is1 s t a slight movem5t ( ! :eel does n produce imm$iate results1 x may be tight5$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,disconnect ! two halves ( ! ball sockets :i* surr\nd ! ball arm at ! l[] end ( ! /e]+ po/ & file (f ! surface until !y fit snugly ar\nd ! ball4 ,if ! ball is badly worn x is be/ to replace x ) a new "o4 ,also tight5 ! ball caps at ! o!r end ( ! /e]+ ge> connect+ rod 9 ! same mann]4 ,if ! bolts 9 ! /e]+ sp9dle arms appe> to be loose1 ! brass bu%+s %\ld be replac$ ) new ones 7see ,cut ,no4 #af74 ,excessive play 9 ! front axle may be detect$ by grasp+ "o ( ! front :eels by ! spokes & j]k+ ! front axle back & =?4 ,aft] ! c> has be5 9 s]vice two or ?ree ye>s excessive play 9 ! /e]+ ge> may make necess>y ! r5ewal ( ! little p9ions1 z well z ! brass int]nal ge> j und]nea? ! /e]+ :eel spid]4 ,x is also advisable to inspect ! front spr+ & front spr+ p]*es occasionally to det]m9e :e!r or n new bu%+s are necess>y to ov]come any excessive vibration4 ,illu/ration3 ,lubrication ,*>t4 7,cut ,no4 #ah7 ,! ,=d ,lubricat+ ,sy/em ,h[ does ! ,=d ,lubricat+ ,sy/em diff] f o!rs8 ,answ] ,no4 #ih ,x is simplifi$--& !re are few] places to oil4 ,practically all ( ! p>ts ( ! eng9e & transmission are oil$ by ! ,=d spla% sy/em1 f ! "o big oil res]voir 9 ! crank case4 ,cut ,no4 #ah %[s ! pr9cipal po9ts ( lubrication1 & specifies :5 repl5i%m5t %\ld be made1 accord+ to mileage4 ,?is *>t %\ld be /udi$ c>efully & (t54 ,x is a good plan to frequ5tly supply all oil cups ) ! same oil us$ 9 ! eng9e 7any good light grade lubricat+ oil w answ]7 & ! dope cups ) good grease4 ,be sure to see t ! commutator is kept freely suppli$ ) oil at all times4 ,:i* is ! be/ way to fill ! ,dope ,cups8 ,answ] ,no4 #ii ,:5 x is advisable to fill dope cup cov]s screw !m d[n1 refill ) grease & repeat ! op]ation two or ?ree times4 ,always op5 oil cups by turn+ to "r1 z ?is keeps tight5+ r ?an loos5+ !m4 ,occasionally remove front :eels & supply dope to we>+ surface4 ,a drop ( oil n[ & !n 9 crank-h&le be>+ is necess>y1 also on fan belt pulleys & %aft4 ,! axles drive %aft & univ]sal jo9t are well suppli$ ) lubricant :5 ! c> leaves ! factory1 b x is well to exam9e & oil !m frequ5tly4 ,:at k9d ( ,oil %\ld be us$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ajj ,we recomm5d only m$ium light high-grade gas eng9e oil = use 9 ! ,model ,t motor4 ,a m$ium light grade ( oil is pref]r$ z x w naturally rea* ! be>+s ) great] ease & consequ5tly less heat w develop on acc\nt ( friction4 ,! oil %\ld1 h[ev]1 h suffici5t body s t ! pressure betwe5 ! two be>+ surfaces w n =ce ! oil out & all[ ! metal to come 9 actual contact4 ,heavy & inf]ior oils h a t5d5cy to c>bonize quickly1 also gum up ! pi/on r+s1 valve /ems & be>+s4 ,9 cold wea!r a light grade ( oil hav+ a l[ cold te/ is absolutely ess5tial = ! prop] lubrication ( ! c>4 ,graphite %\ld n be us$ z a lubricant 9 ! eng9e or ! transmission z x w h a t5d5cy to %ort-circuit ! magneto4 ,h[ (t5 %\ld ,oil be dra9$ f ,crank ,case8 ,answ] ,no4 #aja ,x is advisable to clean out ! crank case by dra9+ (f ! dirty oil :5 ! new c> has be5 driv5 ?ree hundr$ & fifty miles2 !reaft] x w only be necess>y to repeat ?is op]ation ab\t e sev5 hundr$ & fifty miles4 ,remove ! plug und]nea? ! fly:eel cas+ & dra9 (f ! oil4 ,replace ! plug & p\r 9 a gallon ( k]os5e oil ?r\gh ! brea!r pipe4 ,turn ! eng9e ov] fifte5 or tw5ty times s t ! spla% f ! k]os5e oil w ?or\ghly cleanse ! eng9e4 ,remove crank case plug & dra9 (f k]os5e oil4 ,x is ( vital importance t all ! k]os5e be remov$ f ! depressions 9 ! crank case4 ,to d ?is put ab\t a qu>t ( lubricat+ oil into ! motor & turn eng9e ov] sev]al times1 !n remove ! crank case plug & dra9 (f ! flu%+ oil2 !n replace plug & refill ) fre% oil4 7,see ,answ] ,no4 #c47 ,h[ (t5 %\ld ,commutator be oil$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ajb ,keep+ ! commutator well oil$ is a matt] ( f> great] importance ?an _m driv]s believe1 & is necess>y 9 ord] to h a smoo? op]at+ eng9e4 ,don't be afraid to put a little oil into ! commutator e o!r day--at lea/ e #bjj miles4 ,rememb] t ! commutator roll] revolves v rapidly1 & )\t suffici5t lubrication ! p>ts soon become badly worn4 ,:5 9 ?is condition p]fect contact betwe5 ! roll] & ! f\r contact po9ts is impossible1 z a result ! eng9e is apt to misfire :5 runn+ at a good rate ( spe$4 ,illu/ration3 ,oil+ ! ,=d ,commutator4 7,cut ,no4 #ai7 ,:at ab\t ,lubricat+ ! ,diff]5tial8 ,answ] ,no4 #ajc ,d n make ! mi/ake ( putt+ too mu* grease 9 ! diff]5tial h\s+4 ,! h\s+ %\ld n be m ?an "o-?ird full4 ,! diff]5tial is suppli$ ) ! requir$ am\nt ( lubricant :5 ! c> leaves ! factory4 ,! oil plug %\ld be remov$ ab\t e #ajjj miles & m grease add$ if necess>y4 ,if a fluid grease is us$ ! level %\ld be approximately "o & "o-half in*es bel[ ! oil hole4 ,c>e ( ! ,tires ,h[ are ,=d ,tires remov$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ajd ,fir/1 jack up ! :eel cle> ( ! road4 ,! valve cap %\ld be unscrew$1 ! lock nut remov$ & ! valve /em pu%$ into ! tire until its bead is flu% ) ! rim4 ,?is done1 loos5 up ! head ( ! %oe 9 ! cl9* ( ! rim by work+ & pu%+ ) ! h&s1 !n ins]t "o ( ! tire irons or lev]s "u ! beads4 ,! tire iron %\ld be pu%$ 9 j en\gh to get a good hold on ! "u side ( ! bead1 b n s f> z to p9* ! inn] tube betwe5 ! rim & ! tool4 ,a second iron %\ld be ins]t$ 9 ! same fa%ion "s sev5 or eight in*es f ! fir/1 & ! ?ird tool ! same di/ance f ! second4 ,z a cl9*] tire mu/ be pri$ ov] ! cl9*1 ?ree lev]s w come 9 h&y 9 a case ( a "o-man job1 & ! knee ( ! driv] c be us$ to good advantage to hold d[n "o lev] :ile ! o!r two are be+ manipulat$ 9 work+ ! %oe cle> ( ! rim4 ,aft] free+ a l5g? ( ! bead f ! cl9*1 ! entire out] edge ( ! cas+ may be readily deta*$ ) ! h&s1 & ! damag$ inn] tube remov$ & pat*$ or a sp>e tube ins]t$4 ,always use pl5ty ( soap/one 9 replac+ an inn] tube4 ,h[ are ,cas+s repair$8 ,answ] ,no4 #aje ,%\ld ! cas+ be cut s !re is dang] ( ! inn] tube be+ bl[n ?r\gh x1 a tempor>y repair c be made by cem5t+ a canvas pat* on ! inside ( ! cas+4 ,be=e apply+ ! pat* ! "p ( ! cas+ affect$ %\ld be clean$ ) gasol9e & :5 dry1 rubb] cem5t appli$ to bo? cas+ & pat*4 ,?is w answ] z an em]g5cy repair--b ! cas+ %\ld be vulcaniz$ at ! fir/ opportunity4 ,to prolong ! life ( ! tire cas+s1 any small cuts 9 ! tread %\ld be fill$ ) pat*+ cem5t & a specially prep>$ pla/ic sold by ! tire companies4 ,h[ may ,tire ,exp5se be r$uc$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ajf ,tire co/ con/itutes "o ( ! mo/ important items 9 ! runn+ exp5ses ( an automobile4 ,to get ! mo/ s]vice at ! lea/ exp5se1 ! tires %\ld be inspect$ frequ5tly & all small cuts or holes prop]ly seal$ or repair$--?us prev5t+ dirt & wat] work+ 9 betwe5 ! rubb] tread & ! fabric1 caus+ bli/]s or s& boils4 ,tires %\ld nev] be run p>tially deflat$1 z ! side walls are unduly b5t & ! fabric is subject to /resses :i* cause :at is kn[n z rim cutt+4 ,! *ances ( gett+ a puncture w be greatly r$uc$ by keep+ y\r tires prop]ly inflat$1 z a h>d tire exposes mu* less surface to ! road ?an a s(t tire1 & also deflects %>p objects t w\ld p5etrate a s(t tire4 ,runn+ a tire flat1 ev5 = a %ort di/ance1 is sure to be co/ly4 ,bett] run on ! rim1 v sl[ly & c>efully1 r ?an on a flat tire4 ,rememb] t fa/ driv+ & skidd+ %ort5 ! life ( ! tires4 ,avoid lock+ ! :eels ) ! brakes--no tire w /& ! /ra9 ( be+ dragg$ ov] ! pavem5t 9 ?is fa%ion4 ,avoid runn+ 9 /reet c> tracks1 9 ruts1 or bump+ ! sides ( ! tire aga9/ ! curb+4 ,! :eel rims %\ld be pa9t$ ea* season & kept free f ru/4 ,:5 a c> is idle = any appreciable l5g? ( "t1 x %\ld be jack$ up to take ! load (f ! tires4 ,if ! c> is laid up = _m mon?s x is be/ to remove ! tires1 & wrap up ! out] cas+s & inn] tubes sep>ately1 & /ore !m 9 a d>k room n expos$ to extreme temp]atures4 ,remove oil or grease f ! tires ) gasol9e4 ,rememb] t heat1 light & oil are ?ree natural enemies ( rubb]4 ,h[ is a puncture 9 ! ,inn] ,tube repair$8 ,answ] ,no4 #ajg ,aft] locat+ ! puncture1 c>efully clean ! rubb] ar\nd ! leak ) b5z9e or gasol9e4 ,!n r\gh5 ! surface ) s&pap] to give a hold = ! cem5t4 ,apply ! cem5t to bo? pat* & tube1 all[+ x to dry = ab\t five m9utes1 repeat+ ! application twice ) l int]vals betwe5 = dry+4 ,:5 ! cem5t is dry & /icky press ! pat* aga9/ ! tube firmly & ?or\ghly to remove all air bubbles b5ea? x & insure prop] adh]5ce to ! surface--!n spread "s soap/one or talc p[d] ov] ! repair s z to prev5t ! tube /ick+ to ! cas+4 ,be=e ! tube is put back into ! cas+ pl5ty ( talc p[d] %\ld be spr9kl$ into ! latt]4 ,a cem5t pat* is n usually p]man5t & ! tube %\ld be vulcaniz$ z soon z possible4 ,9 replac+ ! tire on ! rim be v c>eful n to p9* ! tube4 ,po9ts on ,ma9t5ance ,:at is ! prop] way to wa% ! ,c>8 ,answ] ,no4 #ajh ,always use cold or lukew>m wat]--nev] hot wat]4 ,if a hose is us$1 don't turn on ! wat] at full =ce1 z ?is drives ! dirt into ! v>ni% & injures ! f9i%4 ,aft] ! surplus mud & grime h be5 wa%$ (f take a sponge & clean ! body & runn+ ge> ) a tepid solution ( wat] & ,ivory or l9se$ oil soap4 ,r9se (f ) cold wat]2 !n rub dry & poli% ! body ) a *amois sk94 ,a body or furniture poli% ( good quality may be us$ to add lu/re to ! c>4 ,grease on ! runn+ ge> may be remov$ ) a gasol9e-soak$ sponge or rag4 ,! nickel$ p>ts may be poli%$ ) any good metal poli%4 ,:at c>e does ,top ne$8 ,answ] ,no4 #aji ,:5 putt+ ! top d[n be c>eful 9 fold+ to see t ! fabric is n p9*$ betwe5 ! b[ spac]s1 z !y w *afe a hole ?r\gh ! top v quickly4 ,apply+ a good top dress+ w greatly improve ! appe>ance ( an old top4 ,:at %\ld be done :5 ! ,c> is /or$8 ,answ] ,no4 #aaj ,dra9 ! wat] f ! radiator1 & !n put 9 ab\t a qu>t ( d5atur$ alcohol to prev5t freez+ ( any wat] t may possibly rema94 ,remove cyl9d] head & clean out any c>bon deposits 9 combu/ion *amb]4 ,draw (f all ! gasol9e4 ,dra9 ! dirty oil f ! crank case & cleanse ! eng9e ) k]os5e z direct$ 9 ,answ] ,no4 #aja4 ,refill ! crank case ) fre% oil & revolve ! eng9e en\gh to cov] ! diff]5t p>ts ) oil4 ,remove ! tires & /ore !m away4 ,wa% up ! c>1 & if possible cov] ! body ) a %eet ( musl9 to protect ! f9i%4 ,:at att5tion d ! ,electric ,head ,lights require8 ,answ] ,no4 #aaa ,v little4 ,:5 ! c>s leave our factory ! lamps are prop]ly focus$ & unless ! bulb burns out !re %\ld be no occasion = remov+ ! door1 z !re is no?+ to get out ( ord]4 ,%\ld ! door be remov$ = any reason c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ n to t\* ! silv]-plat$ reflector or ! bulb ) any?+ b a s(t1 clean rag1 pref]ably flannel4 ,to focus ! lamps turn ! adju/+ screw 9 ! back ( lamp 9 ei!r direction until ! desir$ focus is atta9$4 ,! ,=d ,model ,t ,"o ,ton ,truck ,d ! ,in/ructions relative to ! ,c> apply to ! ,truck8 ,answ] ,no4 #aab ,! answ]s p]ta9+ to ! c> are applicable to ! truck1 ) ! exception ( ,nos4 #gi1 #hj & #ha4 ,h[ are ! ,re> ,axle & ,diff]5tial disassembl$8 ,answ] ,no4 #aac ,) ! univ]sal jo9t disconnect$1 remove ! bolt 9 front end ( radius rods & ! cap screws :i* hold ! drive %aft tube to ! re> axle h\s+4 ,!n remove ! re> axle h\s+ cap2 also ! bolts :i* hold ! two halves ( ! diff]5tial h\s+ toge!r4 ,) ! diff]5tial expos$ to view1 ! mann] ( disassembl+ x w be app>5t4 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to get e "p back 9 its correct position :5 reassembl+1 be+ sure to use new pap] l9]s4 ,h[ is ! ,worm remov$8 ,answ] ,no4 #aad ,to remove ! worm1 drive out ! p9s :i* hold ! c\pl+ to ! worm & drive %aft4 ,!n remove ! felt wa%]1 roll] be>+ sleeve1 & roll] be>+ by slipp+ !m ov] ! c\pl+4 ,drive ! c\pl+ (f f ! drive %aft & !n =ce ! worm f ! c\pl+4 ,remov+ ! worm nut w p]mit ! removal ( ! reta9+ wa%]1 ?ru/ be>+ & re> worm roll] be>+4 ,9 reassembl+ be sure t ! p9 :i* holds ! reta9+ wa%] /ation>y is 9 place4 ,h[ is ! ,diff]5tial ,ge> remov$ f ! ,%aft8 ,answ] ,no4 #aae ,! diff]5tial ge> is fa/5$ to ! inn] end ( ! re> axle %aft by means ( spl9es1 & is held 9 position by a r+ :i* is 9 two halves & fits 9 a groove 9 ! re> axle %aft4 ,to remove ! ge>1 =ce x d[n on ! %aft1 t is1 away f ! end to :i* x is fa/5$1 drive out ! two halves ( ! r+ 9 groove 9 %aft ) screw-driv] or *isel1 & =ce ! ge> (f ! end ( ! %aft4 ,:at ab\t ,lubricat+ ! ,re> ,axle8 ,answ] ,no4 #aaf ,extreme c>e mu/ be us$ 9 lubricat+ ! diff]5tial4 ,an ,a-l heavy fluid or semi-fluid oil1 su* z ,mobiloil ,c or ,:ittemore's ,worm ,ge> ,protective1 %\ld be us$ & c>ri$ at a level ) ! upp] oil plug4 ,! diff]5tial is suppli$ ) ! requir$ am\nt ( lubricant :5 ! truck leaves ! factory & ! supply %\ld be ma9ta9$ by repl5i%m5ts z requir$4 ,aft] runn+ ! truck ab\t #ejj miles1 ! oil %\ld be dra9$ (f by remov+ ! l[] oil plug1 & ! diff]5tial fill$ ) fre% lubricant4 ,?is op]ation %\ld be repeat$ at approximately #ajjj miles1 & aft] t :5ev] necess>y4 ,! re> axle out] roll] be>+s are lubricat$ by means ( dope cups4 ,^! cups %\ld be kept fill$ ) a good grade ( grease & giv5 a full turn e #ajj miles4 ,be=e putt+ ! truck back 9 s]vice aft] ! re> axle has be5 tak5 d[n1 fill ! diff]5tial ) oil1 jack up ! axle & run x = five or t5 m9utes to insure prop] lubrication ( all be>+s4 ,illu/ration3 ,truck ,re> ,axle--,longitud9al ,view4 7,cut ,no4 #bj7 ,illu/ration3 ,truck ,re> ,axle--,cross ,section %[+ ,worm & ,worm ,ge>4 7,cut ,no4 #ba7 ,illu/ration3 ,/>t] & ,g5]ator ,units4 7,cut ,no4 #bb7 ,! ,=d ,/>t+ & ,light+ ,sy/em ,( :at does ! ,/>t+ & ,light+ ,sy/em consi/8 ,answ] ,no4 #aag ,! />t+ & light+ sy/em is ( ! two unit type & consi/s ( ! />t+ motor1 g5]ator1 /orage batt]y1 ammet]1 & lights1 toge!r ) ! necess>y wir+ & connections4 ,:]e is ! ,/>t] locat$8 ,answ] ,no4 #aah ,! />t+ motor is m\nt$ on ! left-h& side ( ! eng9e & bolt$ to ! transmission cov]4 ,:5 9 op]ation ! p9ion on ! ,b5dix drive %aft engages ) ! tee? on ! fly:eel4 ,:at if ! ,eng9e fails to />t8 ,answ] ,no4 #aai ,if ! />t+ motor is turn+ ! crank %aft ov] & ! eng9e fails to />t1 ! tr\ble is n 9 ! />t+ sy/em4 ,9 ?is ev5t release ! button at once s z n to unnecess>ily dis*>ge ! batt]y & inspect ! c>buretor & ignition sy/em to det]m9e ! tr\ble4 ,:at if ! ,/>t+ ,motor fails to act8 ,answ] ,no4 #abj ,if ! />t+ motor fails to act1 aft] pu%+ ! button1 fir/ inspect ! t]m9al on ! />t+ motor1 ! two t]m9als on ! batt]y & ! two t]m9als on />t+ swit*1 mak+ sure all ( ! connections are tight2 !n exam9e ! wir+ = a break 9 ! insulation t w\ld cause a %ort circuit4 ,if ! wir+ & connections are ,o4 ,k4 & ! />t+ motor fails to act1 te/ ! batt]y ) a hydromet]4 ,if ! hydromet] read+ is less ?an #a4bbe ! tr\ble is no d\bt due to a weak or dis*>g$ batt]y4 ,:at if ! driv] /eps on ,/>t+ ,button :5 eng9e is runn+8 ,answ] ,no4 #aba ,%\ld ! driv] accid5tally /ep on ! />t+ button :ile ! eng9e is runn+1 no h>m w result4 ,! p9ion m]ely t\*es ! revolv+ fly:eel ge> once & imm$iately rotates ) ! ?read$ %aft out ( contact ) ! fly:eel1 9 ! same mann] z :5 x has be5 dis5gag$ by ! eng9e's />t+4 ,h[ is ! ,g5]ator op]at$8 ,answ] ,no4 #abb ,! g5]ator is m\nt$ on ! "r-h& side ( ! eng9e & bolt$ to ! cyl9d] front end cov]4 ,x is op]at$ by ! p9ion on ! armature %aft engag+ ) ! l>ge "t ge>4 ,! *>g+ rate ( g5]ator is set s z to cut 9 at eng9e spe$s correspond+ to #aj miles p] h\r 9 high spe$ & rea*es a maximum *>g+ rate at #bj miles p] h\r4 ,at high] spe$s ! *>ge w tap] (f1 :i* is a settl$ *>act]i/ic ( a g5]ator4 ,?is op]ation ( cutt+ 9 & cutt+ out at suitable spe$s is accompli%$ by ! cut-out1 :i* is m\nt$ on ! g5]ator4 ,?is cut-out is set prop]ly at ! factory & %\ld n "u any circum/ances be tamp]$ )4 ,illu/ration3 ,wir+ ,diagram ,c>s ,equipp$ ) ,/>t]4 7,cut ,no4 #bc7 ,:at ab\t ,oil+8 ,answ] ,no4 #abc ,! />t+ motor is lubricat$ by ! ,=d spla% sy/em1 ! same z ! eng9e & transmission4 ,! g5]ator is lubricat$ by a spla% ( oil f ! "t ge>s4 ,9 addition an oil cup is locat$ at ! end ( ! g5]ator h\s+ & a few drops ( oil %\ld be appli$ occasionally4 ,:at %\ld be done :5 repair+ ! ,ignition8 ,answ] ,no4 #abd ,! introduction ( a batt]y curr5t into ! magneto w dis*>ge ! magnets & :5ev] work+ on ! ignition sy/em or wir+ d n fail to disconnect ! positive wire f ! batt]y4 ,! end ( ?is wire %\ld be w\nd ) tape to prev5t its com+ 9 contact ) ! t]m9al aga94 ,h[ does ! ,ammet] op]ate8 ,answ] ,no4 #abe ,! ammet] is locat$ on ! in/rum5t bo>d4 ,?is indicator regi/]s *>ge :5 ! g5]ator is *>g+ ! batt]y & dis*>ge :5 ! lights are burn+ & ! eng9e n runn+ above #aj miles p] h\r4 ,at an eng9e spe$ ( #ae miles p] h\r or m ! ammet] %\ld %[ a read+ ( f #aj to #ab4 ,if ! eng9e is runn+ above #ae miles p] h\r & ! ammet] does n %[ a prop] read+1 fir/ inspect ! t]m9al po/s on ! ammet]1 mak+ sure t ! connections are tight1 !n disconnect ! wire f ! t]m9al on g5]ator1 & ) ! eng9e runn+ at a mod]ate spe$1 take a pair ( pli]s or a screw-driv] & %ort-circuit ! t]m9al /ud on ! g5]ator to ! g5]ator h\s+4 ,if ! g5]ator is ,o4 ,k41 a good live sp>k w be not$4 7,d n run ! eng9e any long] ?an is necess>y ) ! t]m9al wire disconnect$47 ,next inspect ! wir+ f ! g5]ator ?r\gh ! ammet]1 to ! batt]y = a break 9 ! insulation t w\ld result 9 a %ort-circuit4 ,if ! tr\ble is n locat$1 !n remove ! du/ cap f ! end ( g5]ator & ?or\ghly clean ! g5]ator commutator1 us+ = ?is "w a f9e grade ( s&pap] :i* has be5 slightly oil$4 ,) ! motor runn+ hold ! s&pap] aga9/ ! commutator ) ! f+]s until all dirt has be5 remov$ & a bright surface atta9$4 ,h[ are ! ,lights op]at$8 ,answ] ,no4 #abf ,! light+ sy/em consi/s ( two headlights & a tail light op]at$ by a comb9ation light+ & ignition swit* locat$ on ! in/rum5t bo>d4 ,! headlamp bulbs are ( #f-h volt1 d\ble filam5t type4 ,! major filam5t is #ah c&le-p[]1 & ! m9or filam5t is #b c&le-p[]4 ,! small bulb us$ 9 ! tail light is ( #f-h volt1 s+le contact1 two c&le-p[] type4 ,all ( ! lamps are connect$ 9 p>allel s t ! burn+ out or removal ( any "o ( !m w n affect ! o!r4 ,curr5t = ! lamps is suppli$ by ! batt]y4 ,d n connect ! lights to ! magneto z x w result 9 burn+ out ! bulbs & might dis*>ge ! magnets4 ,cut ,no4 #bc %[s ! diff]5t circuits & ! c\rse ( ! curr5t4 ,:at ab\t repair+ ,/>t] & ,g5]ator ,answ] ,no4 #abg ,if ei!r ! />t] or g5]ator fails to give prop] s]vice1 ! own] %\ld at once consult an au?oriz$ ,=d deal]4 ,own]s %\ld n attempt to repair or adju/ ! me*anism ( ! />t] & g5]ator4 ,h[ is ! ,/>t] remov$8 ,answ] ,no4 #abh ,:5 remov+ ! />t] to replace transmission b&s1 or = any o!r reason1 fir/ remove ! eng9e pan on ! left-h& side ( ! eng9e & ) a screw-driv] remove ! f\r small screws hold+ ! %aft cov] to ! transmission cov]4 ,^u remov+ cov] & gasket1 turn ! ,b5dix drive %aft ar\nd s t ! set screw on ! end ( ! %aft is at ! top4 ,imm$iately "u ! set screw is plac$ a lock wa%]1 design$ ) lips or ext5sions opposite ea* o!r4 ,"o ( ^! is turn$ aga9/ ! coll> & ! o!r is turn$ up aga9/ ! side ( ! screw head4 ,b5d back ! lip :i* has be5 =c$ aga9/ ! screw & remove ! set-screw4 ,z ! lock wa%] w no d\bt be brok5 or weak5$ 9 remov+ ! />t]1 a new "o mu/ be us$ :5 replac+ x4 ,next1 pull ! ,b5dix assembly out ( ! h\s+1 be+ c>eful t ! small key is n misplac$ nor lo/4 ,remove ! f\r screws :i* hold ! />t] h\s+ to ! transmission cov]1 & pull out ! />t]1 tak+ same d[n ?r\gh ! *assis--?is is :y x 0 necess>y to remove ! eng9e pan4 ,extreme c>e %\ld be us$ 9 remov+ ! ,b5dix drive & o!r p>ts t none are misplac$ nor lo/ & t !y are replac$ 9 _! =m] position4 ,9 replac+ ! />t]1 be sure t ! t]m9al connection is plac$ at ! top4 ,if ! c> is to be op]at$ ) ! />t] remov$1 be sure to put ! transmission cov] plates 9 position4 ,^! plates may be obta9$ f ! ne>e/ deal]4 ,h[ is ! ,b5dix ,drive assembl$ to ! ,/>t+ ,motor8 ,answ] ,no4 #abi ,:5 assembl+ ! ,b5dix ,drive to ! />t+ motor %aft1 c>e mu/ be us$ to see t ! /op nut or be>+ :i* ent]s ! m\nt+ bracket on ! />t+ motor is n too tight2 also t ! be>+ is 9 prop] alignm5t ) ! bracket4 ,! be>+ %\ld be oil$ & !n fitt$ s t x c be turn$ readily ) ! f+]s4 ,if ! be>+ is too tight1 x %\ld be dress$ d[n ) an oil /one4 ,too tight a fit w cause ! be>+ to freeze to ! bracket1 result+ 9 s]i\s damage to ! />t]4 ,h[ is ! ,g5]ator remov$8 ,answ] ,no4 #acj ,if x is f\nd necess>y to remove ! g5]ator1 fir/ take out ! ?ree cap screws hold+ x to ! front end cov] & by plac+ ! po9t ( a screw-driv] betwe5 ! g5]ator & front end cov]1 ! g5]ator may be =c$ (f ! eng9e assembly4 ,always />t at ! top ( ! g5]ator & =ce x backw>d & d[nw>d at ! same "t4 ,plates may be obta9$ f ! ne>e/ deal] to place ov] ! "t ge> if ! c> is to be op]at$ ) ! g5]ator remov$4 ,:at %\ld be done :5 replac+ ! ,g5]ator8 ,answ] ,no4 #aca ,:5 in/all+ ! g5]ator1 ! drive p9ion mu/ be prop]ly me%$ ) ! l>ge "t ge>4 ,! g5]ator bracket1 t is1 ! section to :i* ! g5]ator is bolt$ is sep>ate f ! cyl9d] block & ! me%+ ( ! g5]ator driv+ p9ion ) ! l>ge "t ge> c be regulat$ by ! use ( "o or m pap] gaskets betwe5 ! bracket & ! cyl9d] block4 ,! bracket %\ld re/ tightly on ! crankcase gasket & l9e up ) ! face ( ! "t ge> case4 ,if ^! ge>s are me%$ too tightly1 a humm+ noise w result1 also ! g5]ator %aft w be ?r[n out ( alignm5t4 ,c ! ,eng9e be run ) ! ,g5]ator disconnect$ f ! batt]y8 ,answ] ,no4 #acb ,if = any reason ! eng9e is run ) ! g5]ator disconnect$ f ! batt]y1 z on a block te/1 or :5 batt]y has be5 remov$ = repair or re*>g+1 be sure t ! g5]ator is gr\nd$ by runn+ a wire f ! t]m9al on g5]ator to "o ( ! du/ cov] screws 9 ! yoke4 ,two /r&s ( %ipp+ tag wire may be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,be sure t ! connections at bo? ends ( ! wire are tight4 ,failure to d ?is :5 runn+ ! eng9e ) ! g5]ator disconnect$ f ! batt]y w result 9 s]i\s injury to ! g5]ator4 ,nev] gr\nd ! g5]ator ?r\gh ! cut-out4 ,:at type ( ,batt]y is us$8 ,answ] ,no4 #acc ,! ,=d ,/>t+ ,sy/em uses a six-volt1 ?ree-cell batt]y4 ,h[ are ,hydromet] ,read+s tak58 ,answ] ,no4 #acd ,illu/ration3 ,hydromet] ,read+s4 7,cut ,no4 #bd7 ,hydromet] read+s %\ld be tak5 ab\t e two weeks to make sure t ! g5]ator is keep+ ! batt]y *>g$4 ,to take a hydromet] read+1 remove ! fill+ plugs 7remove ! plug f only "o cell at a "t74 ,next1 ins]t hydromet] syr+e 9 ! fill] tube & draw up en\gh ( ! solution to float ! glass bulb inside ! in/rum5t4 ,! read+ ( ! scale at ! surface ( ! liquid 7see ,cut ,no4 #bd7 gives ! /r5g? ( ! solution4 ,be sure to return ! electrolyte to ! cell f :i* x 0 tak54 ,foll[+ is a li/ ( ! read+s ) _! indications4 ,! read+s 9 p>5!ses apply to batt]ies us$ 9 tropical climates :]e wat] nev] freezes4 ,read+s ( #a4bge 7#a4bjj7 or m indicate a fully *>g$ batt]y4 ,read+s ( less ?an #a4bbe 7#a4acj7 b m ?an #a4aej 7#a4jhj7 indicate complete dis*>ge4 ,hydromet] te/s tak5 imm$iately aft] fill+ ) wat] & be=e x has become ?or\ghly mix$ ) ! electrolyte w n %[ ! true condition ( ! batt]y4 ,if ! hydromet] read+ %[s ! batt]y less ?an "o-half *>g$1 x %\ld be tak5 to ! ne>e/ au?oriz$ ,batt]y ,s]vice ,/ation = re*>g+4 ,cont9u$ op]ation 9 a less ?an half-*>g$ condition is injuri\s to ! batt]y some:at z runn+ on a s(t or deflat$ tire is injuri\s to ! tire4 ,be=e replac+ ! batt]y1 ! cause ( ! dis*>g$ condition %\ld be remov$4 ,x may be due to leaks or gr\nds 9 ! c> wir+ or to ! electric sy/em hav+ gott5 out ( adju/m5t s t ! batt]y is n kept suppli$ ) ! prop] am\nt ( curr5t f ! g5]ator4 ,if ! read+ 9 "o cell is m ?an #ej po9ts diff]5t f ! o!rs1 x indicates t ! cell is n 9 good ord] & ! batt]y %\ld be tak5 to a skill$ s]vice man = att5tion4 ,:5 %\ld wat] be add$ to ! ,batt]y8 ,answ] ,no4 #ace ,add no?+ b pure wat] to ! cells & d x (t5 en\gh to keep ! plates cov]$ at all times4 ,! solution 7electrolyte7 %\ld be ma9ta9$ at a level ) ! bottom ( ! fill+ tube4 ,di/ill$ wat]1 melt$ artificial 7b n natural7 ice & ra9 wat]1 if obta9$ 9 ! op5 c\ntry f a clean slate or %+le-cov]$ ro(1 are g5]ally satisfactory4 ,all wat] = batt]y use %\ld be kept 9 clean1 cov]$ vessels ( glass1 *9a1 e>!nw>e1 rubb] or lead4 ,9 cold wea!r add wat] only imm$iately be=e runn+ ! eng9e s t ! *>g+ w mix ! wat] & electrolyte1 & avoid freez+4 ,if1 = any reason1 x is necess>y to add acid1 ! batt]y %\ld be tak5 to an au?oriz$ ,s]vice ,/ation4 ,:at c>e %\ld be giv5 ! ,fill+ ,plugs & ,connections8 ,answ] ,no4 #acf ,keep ! fill+ plugs & connections tight & ! top ( ! batt]y clean4 ,wip+ ! batt]y ) a rag moi/5$ ) ammonia w c\nt]act ! effect ( any ( ! solution :i* may be on ! outside ( ! batt]y4 ,a coat+ ( heavy oil or vasel9e w protect ! connectors f corrosion4 ,keep ! batt]y firmly secur$ 9 position4 ,if clamps are loose1 ! batt]y w %ift ab\t 9 ! comp>tm5t & result 9 loose connections1 brok5 cells & o!r tr\ble4 ,if repairs are necess>y or if ! c> is to be laid up = ! w9t]1 take ! batt]y to a skill$ s]vice man = prop] att5tion & /orage4 ,d n entru/ ! batt]y to inexp]i5c$ or unskill$ h&s4 ,summ>y ( ,eng9e ,tr\bles & ,_! ,causes ,,eng9e ,,fails ,,to ,,/>t #a4 ,gas mixture too lean4 #b4 ,wat] 9 gasol9e4 #c4 ,vibrators adju/$ too close4 #d4 ,wat] or congeal$ oil 9 commutator4 #e4 ,magneto contact po9t 79 trans4 cov]7 ob/ruct$ ) =eign matt]4 #f4 ,gasol9e supply %ut (f4 #g4 ,c>buretor froz5 79 z]o wea!r74 #h4 ,wat] froz5 9 gasol9e tank s$im5t bulb4 #i4 ,coil swit* (f4 ,,eng9e ,,lacks ,,p[]--,,runs ,,irregul>ly ,at ,l[ ,spe$s4 #a4 ,poor compression--acc\nt leaky valves4 #b4 ,gas mixture too ri* or too lean4 #c4 ,sp>k plugs dirty4 #d4 ,coil vibrator improp]ly adju/$4 #e4 ,air leak 9 intake manifold4 #f4 ,weak exhau/ valve spr+4 #g4 ,too great cle>ance betwe5 valve /em & pu% rod4 #h4 ,too close gap betwe5 sp>k plug po9ts4 ,at ,high ,spe$s4 #a4 ,commutator contact imp]fect4 #b4 ,weak valve spr+4 #c4 ,too mu* gap 9 sp>k plug4 #d4 ,imp]fect gas mixture4 #e4 ,vibrator po9ts dirty or burn$4 ,,eng9e ,,/ops ,,sudd5ly #a4 ,gasol9e tank empty4 #b4 ,wat] 9 gasol9e4 #c4 ,flood$ c>buretor4 #d4 ,dirt 9 c>buretor or fe$ pipe4 #e4 ,magneto wire loose at ei!r t]m9al4 #f4 ,magneto contact po9t ob/ruct$4 #g4 ,ov]heat$--acc\nt lack ( oil or wat]4 #h4 ,gas mixture too lean4 ,,eng9e ,,ov]heats #a4 ,lack ( wat]4 #b4 ,lack ( oil4 #c4 ,fan belt torn1 loose or slipp+4 #d4 ,c>bon deposit 9 combu/ion *amb]4 #e4 ,sp>k ret>d$ too f>4 #f4 ,gas mixture too ri*4 #g4 ,wat] circulation ret>d$ by s$im5t 9 radiator4 #h4 ,dirty sp>k plugs4 ,,eng9e ,,knocks #a4 ,c>bon deposit on pi/on heads4 #b4 ,loose connect+ rod be>+4 #c4 ,loose crank %aft be>+4 #d4 ,sp>k advanc$ too f>4 #e4 ,eng9e ov]heat$4 ,index ,,c>e ,,( ,,tires ,page ,c>e ( ,inn] ,tubes #dh ,cas+s--,h[ ,repair$ #dh ,h[ to ,remove ,tires #dh ,repair ,puncture #di ,,cool+ ,,sy/em ,causes ( ,ov]heat+ #ag ,purpose #ag ,radiator ,c>e 9 ,w9t] #ai ,repair+ ,radiator #ai ,:at to ,d ,:5 ,ov]heat$ #ag ,,eng9e ,c>bon--,h[ ,remov$ #ad ,connect+ ,rod & ,be>+s #ae ,eng9e ,fails to ,/>t #fa ,eng9e ,lacks ,p[]--,runs ,irregul>ly #fa ,eng9e ,/ops ,sudd5ly #fa ,eng9e ,ov]heats #fa ,eng9e ,knocks #fa ,knock+--,causes #ad ,ma9 ,be>+--,h[ ,adju/$ #af ,pi/on #i ,p[] ,plant--,h[ ,remov$ #ae ,valves #i ,,gasol9e ,,sy/em ,c>buretor--,h[ to ,adju/ #ba ,c>buretor--,h[ ,controll$ #ba ,c>buretor--,tr\ble #bb ,c>buretor--,h[ x ,works #ba ,,ignition ,,sy/em ,coils #be ,commutator--,its ,purpose #bf ,magneto #be ,magneto ,tr\ble #bi ,sp>k ,plugs #bj ,:]e to ,look = ,tr\ble #bg ,,lubricat+ ,,sy/em ,h[ x ,diff]s f ,o!rs #de ,k9d ( ,oil to ,use #de ,to ,fill ,dope ,cups #de ,,ma9t5ance ,c>e ( ,top #ej ,/or+ ,c>s #ej ,to ,keep ,c> ,clean #ej ,,muffl] ,:at ,x ,is ,= #ci ,h[ to ,disconnect #ci ,,op]ation ,adju/m5ts--,:at to ,d #e ,gasol9e #c ,gett+ ,ready to ,/>t #c ,h& ,lev] #f ,oil+ #c ,sl[ ,spe$1 ,brake & ,rev]se #f ,sp>k--,h[ ,controll$ #g ,spe$--,h[ ,controll$ #g ,/>t+ #e ,/>t+ 9 ,cold ,wea!r #f ,,re> ,,axle ,diff]5tial ,ge>--,h[ ,remov$ #cg ,re> ,axle--,h[ to ,remove ,p>ts #cg ,univ]sal ,jo9t--,to ,disconnect #cg ,,runn+ ,,ge> ,ab\t ,:eels #da ,c>e ( ,spr+s #dc ,cups--,h[ ,in/all$ #da ,its ,c>e #dj ,lubricat+ ! ,be>+s #dc ,remove ,front ,axle #dj ,roll] ,be>+s--,h[ ,in/all$ #dc ,/e]+ ,app>atus #dd ,:eels #da ,,transmission ,b&s #cc ,clut* #ca ,planet>y ,transmission--,:at ,is ,x #ca ,transmission--,h[ ,assembl$ #cc ,model ,t ,truck ,worm1 ,h[ ,remov$ #ea ,lubricat+ ! ,diff]5tial #ea ,! ,=d ,/>t+ & ,light+ ,sy/em ,type ( ,sy/em #ee ,! ,/>t+ ,motor--,:at if x ,fails to ,act #ee ,oil+ ! ,/>t] & ,g5]ator #eg ,! ,/>t]--,h[ ,remov$ #eh ,! ,b5dix ,drive--,h[ ,assembl$ to ,/>t+ ,motor #eh ,! ,g5]ator--,h[ ,remov$ #eh ,! ,batt]y--,repair+ & ,re*>g+ #ei ,,transcrib]',s ,,note -,obvi\s pr9t & punctuation errors fix$4 -,a ,table ( ,cont5ts 0 n 9 ! orig9al "w2 "o has be5 produc$ & add$ by ,transcrib]4