,,exp]im5ts ,,& ,,obs]vations ,,t5d+ ,,to ,,illu/rate ,,! ,,nature ,,& ,,prop]ties ,,( ,,electricity4 ,9 "o ,,lett] to ,m>t9 ,folkes1 ,esq2 ,presid5t1 & ,two to ! ,royal ,society4 ,by ,,william ,,watson1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,london3 ,pr9t$ = ,c4 ,,davis1 ,pr9t] to ! ,royal ,society1 aga9/ ,gray's-,inn1 ,holborn4 ,,mdccxlvi4 ,price ,"o ,%ill+4 ,,! ,,preface4 ,! foll[+ ,%eets 7 n int5d$ to be made publick1 b z "p ( ! ,philosophical ,transactions4 ,z ^? ,works are pr9t$ 9 ! ord] ( ,"t !y are read2 ^! ,obs]vations1 communicat$ to ! ,,royal ,,society at diff]5t ,meet+s1 w\ld1 ^u t ,acc\nt1 h be5 publi%'d sep>ate 9 diff]5t ,numb]s ( ^? ,transactions4 ,to satisfy !re=e ! ,impati5ce ( sev]al le>n$ & v valuable ,fri5ds1 to ^: ,importunities ,i h nei!r ,w1 nor ,incl9ation to d5y any ?+ 9 my ,p[] to grant1 ,i caus$ a few ,copies to be pr9t$1 t ! :ole might be se5 toge!r1 & !n broke up ! ,press4 ,?is has excit$ ! ,curiosity ( ! ,publick1 & rais$ a ,dem& = ^! ,exp]im5ts mu* beyond :at ,i _h reason to expect4 ,i !re=e f\nd x necess>y to s5d !m to ! ,press a second ,"t1 le/ "s ( ^? ov]-(fici\s ,g5tlem51 :o are always ready on ^! ,occasions1 %\ld d x = me2 s t :oev] has an ,incl9ation1 may n[ be made acqua9t$1 by :at ,means ! sev]al surpriz+ ,phnom5a ( ,electricity h be5 br\ght ab\t4 ,i *ose to lay ^! ,pap]s be=e ! ,publick 9 ! same ,dress :]e9 !y appe>$ be=e ! v hon\rable & le>n$ ,body1 to :om1 z ! v>i\s ,effects ( ,electricity pres5t$ !mselves1 !y 7 regul>ly communicat$1 & f :om !y met ) a v fav\rable ,reception4 ,_m ,memb]s ( ! ,,royal ,,society1 z well z sev]al o!r ,p]sons ( great ,rank & ,quality1 h be5 repeat$ ,witnesses ( ! ,facts :i* are "h laid be=e ! ,_w2 p>ticul>ly ! pres5t wor?y ,presid5t1 ,,m>t9 ,,folkes1 ,esq2 ^: ext5sive ,abilities & great ,k 9 e ,bran* ( useful ,lit]ature are exce$$ only by 8 ,c&\r & ,zeal 9 promot+ ,sci5ce4 ,! ,advice & ,assi/ance ( ?is ,g5tleman1 ^: ,fri5d%ip ,i %all always e/eem z "o ( ! greate/ ,happ9esses ( my ,life1 has be5 ( great ,mom5t 9 ! ,prosecution ( ^! ,discov]ies4 ,i !re=e take ?is publick ,mann] ( te/ify+ my s9c]e/ ,obligations z well to him1 z to ,sir ,,hans ,,sloane1 ,b>t4 :o1 al?\gh retir$ f ,bus9ess1 is nev]!less att5tive to :atev] t5ds to ! ,advancem5t ( ,philosophy4 ,^u a ,report made to him ( ^! ,exp]im5ts & ,obs]vations1 he1 z surviv+ ,executor ( ,sir ,,godfrey ,,copley1 0 pleas$ to appo9t me la/ ,ye> to receive ! annual ,prize-m$al ( ,gold1 giv5 by ! ,,royal ,,society 9 consequ5ce ( ,sir ,,godfrey',s ,b5efaction4 ,! ,hon\r ( be+ s p>ticul>ly tak5 notice ( by ,g5tlem5 ( su* di/+ui%$ ,m]it1 z x _c b give me ! highe/ ,pleasure1 s %all x ev] cont9ue to raise 9 me ,s5tim5ts ( ! true/ ,gratitude1 & mo/ pr(\nd ,respect4 ,,if x %\ld be ask$1 to :at useful ,purposes ! ,effects ( ,electricity c be appli$1 x may be answ]$1 t we are n z yet s f> advanc$ 9 ^! ,discov]ies z to r5d] !m conducive to ! ,s]vice ( ,mank9d4 ,p]fection 9 any ,bran* ( ,philosophy is to be atta9$ b by sl[ ,gradations4 ,x is our ,duty to be /ill go+ =w>d2 ! re/ we mu/ leave to ! ,direction ( t ,provid5ce1 :i* we "k assur$ly1 has creat$ no?+ 9 va94 ,b ,i make no ,scruple to ass]t1 t not)/&+ ! great ,advances1 :i* h be5 made 9 ?is "p ( natural ,philosophy )9 ^! few ,ye>s1 _m & great ,prop]ties rema9 /ill undiscov]'d4 ,future ,philosoph]s 7"s p]haps ev5 ( ! pres5t ,age7 may d$uce f electrical ,exp]im5ts1 ,uses extremely b5eficial to ,society 9 g5]al4 ,,no pres5t ,advantage accru$ to ^? ,p]sons1 or to t ,age1 :i* fir/ discov]'d ! ,prop]ties ( ! ,magnet4 ,_m hundr$s ( ,ye>s int]v5$1 be=e !y 7 appli$ to ! great ,uses ( ,navigation4 ,_h ^! rema9'd a secret till n[1 :at o!r ,me?ods c\ld h be5 sub/itut$ 9 _! ,place1 by :i* we c\ld securely trav]se ! va/ ,ocean8 ,all ! ,advantages we receive f di/ant ,comm]ce1 we mu/ /ill h be5 ,/rang]s to1 b = ?is =tunate ,application ( ! magnetical ,p[]4 ,& ev5 ! ,discov]ies ?us f> _h be5 v imp]fect1 )\t ! ,k ( ! ,v>iation ( ! ,compass4 ,b ! pres5t ,age1 & ev5 ?is ,nation1 boa/s ( a ,g5tleman#a1 :o seems to be entru/$ ) ! magnetical ,p[]s !mselves4 ,he makes artificial ,magnets1 increases 9 a few ,m9utes ! ,p[]s ( real ones to a surpriz+ ,degree1 *anges at ,pleasure _! ,poles1 & makes t newly acquir$ ,pol>ity1 p]man5t4 ,! ,_w1 ,i hope1 w n long be depriv$ ( ! ,mann]1 by :i* ^! extraord9>y ,*anges are produc$1 :i* z yet ?is ,g5tleman ?9ks prop] to conceal4 ,z ,electricity has "s ,prop]ties 9 common ) ,magnetism1 z w be %ewn 9 ! ,c\rse ( ^! ,obs]vations2 "s new ,lights probably may be ?r[n ^u bo?4 ,b to return2 admitt+ ev51 t no sub/antial ,advantages c\ld arise f ! ,inquiries be=e u1 7:i*1 h[ev]1 we c by no means grant1 ^u our consid]+ ! ,effects we already p]ceive ( its ,op]ations ^u human ,bodies7 :atev] t5ds to enl>ge ! ,conceptions ( ! ,m9d1 & to implant 9 u /ill m l(ty ,ideas ( ! ,almighty ,au?or ( ,nature1 des]ves c]ta9ly1 indep5d5t ( o!r ,consid]ations1 our highe/ ,reg>d4 ,,^! ,exp]im5ts 7 all made ) ,glass ,tubes ( ab\t two ,foot long2 ! bore ab\t an ,in* 9 ,diamet]4 ,b a scrupul\s ,exactness 9 ^! ,proportions is no ways necess>y4 ,! ?9n] & light] ^! ,tubes are1 ! soon] !y are excit$2 ?\gh !y1 'tis true1 don't reta9 _! ,p[] s long z ^?1 :i* are m ?ick & sub/antial4 ,b :]e y int5d to communicate ! electrical ,p[]1 z fa/ z y excite x1 ,i %\ld pref] a light ,tube2 ?\gh x ought nev] to be less ?an #a_/ab ( an ,in* ?ick1 because ( ! ,dang] ( break+ x by ! ,friction4 ,,! ,tube1 be=e x is rubb$1 %\ld be always made dry & w>m1 :i* may be done by lay+ x be=e ! ,fire4 ,b ,i _c omit h]eupon mak+ "o fur!r ,rem>k2 viz4 t ,glass ,tubes1 exactly ( ! same ,dim5sions1 made at ! same ,"t1 & ) ! same ,mat]ials1 v>y consid]ably ) reg>d to _! fitness = electrical ,purposes4 ,cle> & dry ,air ) "s degree ( cold is mo/ eligible1 ?\gh ,i h succe$$ 9 ! greate/ ,fogs1 b ) m ,difficulty4 ,,to ,m>t9 ,folkes1 ,esq2 ,p4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,sir1 ,,! ,society hav+ he>d f "s ( _! ,correspond5ts 9 ,g]many1 t :at !y call a ,vegetable ,qu9tess5ce _h be5 fir$ by ,electricity1 ,i take ?is ,opportunity to acqua9t y1 t on ,friday ,ev5+ la/ ,i succe$$1 aft] hav+ be5 disappo9t$ 9 _m ,attempts1 9 sett+ ,spirits ( ,w9e on ,fire by t ,p[]4 ,! prec$+ ,"p ( ! ,week _h be5 rem>kably w>m1 & ! ,air v dry1 ?an :i* no?+ is m necess>y t[>ds ! ,success ( ,electrical ,trials2 to ^! ,i may add1 t ! ,w9d 0 !n ,ea/]ly & incl9+ to freeze4 ,i t ,ev5+ us$ a glass ,sph]e z well z a ,tube2 b ,i always f9d myself capable ( s5d+ =? mu* m ,fire f ! ,tube ?an f ! ,sph]e1 probably f n be+ suffici5tly us$ to ! la/4 ,i ,,_h be=e obs]v'd1 t al?\gh#b ,non-electric ,bodies made electrical1 lose almo/ all t ,electricity by com+ ei!r )9 or ne> ! ,contact ( ,non-electrics n made electrical2 x happ5s o!rwise ) ,reg>d to ,electrics p] se1 :5 excit$ by rubb+1 patt+1 c2 because f ! rubb$ ,tube ,i c sometimes procure five or six ,fla%es f diff]5t ,p>ts1 z ?\gh ! ,tube ( two ,foot long1 in/ead ( be+ "o cont9u$ ,cyl9d]1 consi/$ ( five or six sep>ate ,segm5ts ( ,cyl9d]s1 ea* ( :i* gave out its ,electricity at a diff]5t ,explosion4 ,,! ,k ( ?is ,!orem is ( ! utmo/ ,consequ5ce t[>ds ! ,success ( electrical ,exp]im5ts2 inasmu* z y mu/ endeav\r by all possible ,means to collect ! ,:ole ( ?is ,fire at ! same ,"t4 ,pr(essor ,hollman seems to h endeav\r'd at ?is & succe$$1 by hav+ a t9 ,tube1 9 "o ,end ( :i* he put a great _m ,?reads1 ^: ,extremities t\*'d ! ,sph]e :5 9 ,motion1 & ea* ,?read collect$ a ,quantity ( electrical ,fire1 ! ,:ole ( :i* c5t]'d 9 ! t9 ,tube1 & w5t (f at ! o!r ,extremity4 ,ano!r ,?+ to be obs]v'd1 is to endeav\r to make ! ,fla%es foll[ ea* o!r s fa/1 z t a ,second may be visible be=e ! ,fir/ is ext+ui%'d4 ,:5 y transmit ! electrical ,fire along a ,sword or o!r ,in/rum5t1 ^: ,po9t is %>p1 x (t5 appe>s z a ,numb] ( dissem9at$ ,sp>ks1 l wet ,gunp[d] or ,wild-fire2 b if ! ,in/rum5t has no ,po9t1 y g5]ally p]ceive a pure bright ,flame1 l :at is vulg>ly call'd ! ,blue-ball1 :i* gives ! ,appe>ance ( ,/>s to fir$ ,rockets4 ,,! foll[+ is ! ,me?od ,i made use ( & 0 happy en\gh to succe$ 94 ,i susp5d$ a ,pok] 9 silk ,l9es2 at ! ,h&le ( :i* ,i hung sev]al little ,bundles ( :ite ,?read1 ! ,extremities ( :i* 7 ab\t a ,foot at "r ,angles f ! ,pok]4 ,among ^! ,?reads1 :i* 7 all attract$ by ! rubb$ ,tube1 ,i excit$ ! greate/ electrical ,fire ,i 0 capable1 :il/ an ,assi/ant ne> ! ,end ( ! ,pok] held 9 8 ,h& a ,spoon1 9 :i* 7 ! w>m ,spirits4 ,?us ! ,?read communicat$ ! ,electricity to ! ,pok]1 & ! ,_s 0 fir$ at ! o!r ,end4 ,x mu/ be obs]v'd 9 ?is ,exp]im5t1 t ! ,spoon ) ! ,_s mu/ n t\* ! ,pok]2 if x does1 ! ,electricity )\t any fla%+ is communicat$ to ! ,spoon1 & to ! ,assi/ant 9 ^: ,h& x is held1 & s is lo/ 9 ! ,floor4 ,by ^! ,means1 ,i fir$ sev]al ,times n only ! !rial ,liquor or ,phlogi/on ( ,frob5ius & rectifi$ ,_s ( ,w9e1 b ev5 common pro( ,_s4 ,^! ,exp]im5ts1 z ,i be=e obs]v'd1 7 made la/ ,friday ,night1 ! ,air be+ p]fectly dry4 ,sunday prov$ wet & ,monday some:at w>m1 s t ! ,air 0 full ( ,vap\r2 ,w9d ,s\?-,we/ & cl\dy4 ,"u ^! ,disadvantages1 on ,monday ,night ,i attempt$ aga9 my ,exp]im5ts2 !y succe$$1 b ) inf9itely m ,lab\r ?an ! prece$+1 because ( ! ,unfitness ( ! ,ev5+ = su* ,trials4 ,y\r ,c&\r w n p]mit y to ?9k my ,m9ut5ess trivial1 ) ,reg>d to ! ,circum/ances ( ! ,wea!r1 :o "k1 h[ _m ,?+s mu/ concur to make ^! ,exp]im5ts succe$4 ,i %all wait ) ,impati5ce = a prop] ,opportunity to h ^! ,exp]im5ts repeat$ 9 y\r ,pres5ce1 & am1 ) ! utmo/ ,respect1 ,sir1 y\r mo/ ob$i5t1 humble ,s]vant1 ,w4 ,,watson4 ,ald]sgate-,/reet1 ,m>* #bg4 #agdf4 ,,to ,,! ,,royal ,,society4 ,,g5tlem51 ,i lately acqua9t$ y1 t ,i _h be5 able to fire ,_s ( ,w9e1 ,phlogi/on ( ,frob5ius1 & common pro( ,_s1 by ! ,p[] ( ,electricity4 ,s9ce :i* 7till ,ye/]day7 we h _h b "o v dry f9e ,day2 viz4 ,monday1 ,april #ae4 ,w9d ,e4 ,n4 ,e42 :5 ab\t f\r o',clock 9 ! ,aft]noon1 ,i got my ,app>atus ready1 & fir$ ! ,_s ( ,w9e f\r ,times f ! ,pok] z be=e1 ?ree ,times f ! ,f+] ( a ,p]son electrifi$1 /&+ ^u a ,cake ( ,wax1 & once f ! ,f+] ( a second ,p]son /&+ ^u ,wax1 communicat+ ) ! fir/ by means ( a walk+ ,cane held betwe5 _! ,arms ext5d$4 ,! horizontal ,di/ance 9 ?is ,case betwe5 ! glass ,tube & ! ,_s 0 at lea/ t5 ,feet4 ,,y all "k1 t !re is ! repulsive ,p[] ( ,electricity1 z well z ! attractive2 inasmu* z y are able1 :5 a ,fea!r or su*-l light ,sub/ance is replete ) ,electricity1 to drive x ab\t a ,room1 :i* ,way y please4 ,?is repulsive ,p[] cont9ues1 until ei!r ! ,tube loses its excit$ ,=ce1 or ! ,fea!r attracts ! ,moi/ure f ! ,air1 or comes ne> to "s non-electric ,sub/ance2 if s1 ! ,fea!r is attract$ by1 & its ,electricity lo/ 91 :atev] ,non-,electric x comes ne>4 ,9 electrifi$ ,bodies1 y see a p]petual ,endeav\r to get rid ( _! ,electricity4 ,?is induc$ me to make ! foll[+ ,exp]im5t4 ,i plac$ a ,man ^u a ,cake ( ,wax1 :o held 9 "o ( 8 ,h&s a ,spoon ) ! w>m ,spirits1 & 9 ! o!r a ,pok] ) ! ,?read4 ,i rubb$ ! ,tube among/ ! ,?read1 & electrifi$ him z be=e4 ,i !n ord]$ a ,p]son n electrifi$ to br+ 8 ,f+] ne> ! ,middle ( ! ,spoon2 ^u :i*1 ! ,fla% f ! ,spoon & ,_s 0 viol5t en\gh to fire ! ,_s4 ,?is ,exp]im5t ,i !n repeat$ ?ree ,times4 ,9 ?is ,me?od1 ! ,p]son by ^: ,f+] ! ,_s ( ,w9e is fir$1 feels ! ,/roke mu* m viol5t1 ?an :5 ! electrical ,fire goes f him to ! ,spoon4 ,?is ,me?od = ! ,sake ( ,di/9ction1 we w call ! repulsive ,p[] ( ,electricity4 ,,! late ,dr4 ,desaguli]s has obs]v$ 9 8 excell5t ,diss]tation conc]n+ ,electricity1 ,t !re is a ,sort ( ,caprici\sness att5d+ ^! ,exp]im5ts1 or some?+ unacc\ntable 9 _! ,phnom5a1 n to be r$uc$ to any ,rule4 ,= sometimes an ,exp]im5t1 :i* has be5 made sev]al ,times successively1 w all at once fail4 ,n[ ,i imag9e t ! greate/ ,"p1 if n ! ,:ole ( ?is ,matt]1 dep5ds ^u ! ,moi/ure or ,dryness ( ! ,air1 a sudd5 ?\gh slight ,alt]ation 9 :i*1 p]haps n suffici5t to be obvi\s to our ,faculties1 may be p]ceiv$ by ! v subtle ,fire ( ,electricity4 ,= #a/1 ,i ,,conceive1 t ! ,air itself 7z has be5 obs]v$ by ,dr4 ,desaguli]s7 is an ,electric p] se & ( ! vitre\s ,k9d2 !re=e x repels ! ,electricity aris+ f ! glass ,tube1 & disposes x to electrify :atev] non-electrical ,bodies receive ! ,effluvia f ! ,tube4 #b;dly1 ,,t ,wat] is a non-,electric1 & ( ,consequ5ce a ,conductor ( ,electricity2 ?is is exemplifi$ by a ,jett ( ,wat] be+ attract$ by ! ,tube1 f ei!r ,electric's p] se conduct+ ,electricity1 & non-,electric's m readily :5 wett$2 b :at is m to my pres5t ,purpose1 is1 t if y only bl[ ?r\gh a dry glass ,tube1 ! ,moi/ure f y\r ,brea? w cause t ,tube to be a ,conductor ( ,electricity4 ,,^! be+ premis$2 9 proportion z ! ,air is replete ) wat]y ,vap\rs1 ! ,electricity aris+ f ! ,tube1 in/ead ( be+ conduct$ z propos$1 is1 by means ( ^! ,vap\rs1 communicat$ to ! circum-ambi5t ,atmosph]e & dissipat$ z fa/ z excit$4 ,,?is ,!ory has be5 confirm$ to me by div]s ,exp]im5ts1 b by none m rem>kably ?an on ! ,ev5+ ( ! ,day ,i made ^? be=e-m5tion'd2 :5 ! ,vap\rs1 :i* 9 ! ,aft]noon by ! ,sun's ,heat1 & a brisk ,gale 7 dissipat$1 & ! ,air p]fectly dry1 desc5d$ aga9 9 great ,pl5ty ^u ! ,abs5ce ( bo?1 & ! ,ev5+ 0 v damp4 ,= betwe5 sev5 & eight o',clock1 ,i attempt$ aga9 ! same ,exp]im5ts 9 ! same ,mann]1 )\t be+ able to make any ( !m succe$2 ?\gh all ^? m5tion'd 9 ?is ,pap] ) o!rs ( less ,note1 7 made 9 ,half an ,h\r's ,"t4 ,i ,,am ! m p>ticul> 9 ?is1 be+ will+ to save ! ,lab\r ( ^?1 :o are desir\s ( mak+ ^! ,k9d ( ,trials2 = al?\gh "s ( ! less] ,exp]im5ts may succe$ almo/ at any ,"t1 yet ,i nev] c\ld f9d t ! m rem>kable ones w\ld succe$ b 9 dry ,wea!r4 ,i am1 ,g5tlem51 ,y\r mo/ ob$i5t1 humble ,s]vant1 ,w4 ,,watson4 ,london1 ,april #be4 #agde4 ,illu/ration ,,to ,,! ,,royal ,,society4 ,,g5tlem51 ,,9 "s ,pap]s ,i lately did myself ! ,hon\r to lay be=e y1 ,i acqua9t$ y ( "s ,exp]im5ts 9 ,electricity2 p>ticul>ly ,i took notice ( hav+ be5 able to fire ,_s ( ,w9e by :at ,i call'd ! repulsive ,p[] !re(2 :i* ,i h n he>d _h be5 ?\ght ( by any ( ^? ,g]man ,g5tlem51 to :om ! ,_w is oblig$ = _m surpriz+ ,discov]ies 9 ?is ,"p ( natural ,philosophy4 ,,h[ f> /rictly speak+ ! ,_s 9 ?is ,op]ation may be said to be fir$ by ! repulsive ,p[] ( ,electricity1 or h[ f> t ,p[]1 :i* repels light ,sub/ances :5 fully impregnat$ ) ,electricity1 fires ! ,_s1 may probably be ! ,subject ( a future ,inquiry2 b z ,i am unwill+ to introduce m ,t]ms into any ,demon/ration ?an :at are absolutely necess>y = ! m ready ,conception !re(1 & z inflammable ,sub/ances may be fir$ by ,electricity two diff]5t ,ways1 let ! foll[+ ,def9itions at pres5t suffice ( ea* ( ^! ,me?ods4 ,,b fir/ give me ,leave to premise1 t no inflammable ,sub/ances w take fire1 :5 br\ght into or ne> ! ,contact ( ,electrics p] se excit$ to ,electricity4 ,?is ,effect mu/ be produc$ by non-electrical ,sub/ances impregnat$ ) ,electricity receiv$ f ! excit+ ,electrics p] se4 ,b to return1 #a/1 ,i ,,suppose t inflammable ,sub/ances are fir$ by ! attractive ,p[] ( ,electricity1 :5 ?is ,effect arises f _! be+ br\ght ne> excit$ non-,electrics4 #b;dly1 ,,t inflammable ,sub/ances are fir$ by ! repulsive ,p[] ( ,electricity2 :5 x happ5s1 t ! inflammable ,sub/ances1 be+ fir/ electrifi$ !mselves1 are fir$ by be+ br\ght ne> non-,electrics n excit$4 ,,?is ,matt] w be bett] illu/rat$ by an ,example4 ,suppose t ei!r a ,man /&+ ^u a ,cake ( ,wax1 or a ,sword susp5d$ 9 silk ,l9es are electrifi$1 & ! ,_s1 be+ br\ght ne> !m1 is fir$1 ?is is said to be p]=m'd by ! attractive ,p[] ( ,electricity4 ,b if ! ,man electrifi$ z be=e holds a ,spoon 9 8 ,h& conta9+ ! ,_s1 or ! same ,spoon & ,_s are plac$ ^u ! ,sword1 & a ,p]son n electrifi$ applies 8 ,f+] ne> ! ,spoon1 & ! ,_s is fir$ f ! ,flame aris+ f ! ,spoon & ,_s ^u su* ,application2 ?is ,i call be+ fir$ by ! repulsive ,p[]4 ,( ! two m5tion'd ,k9ds ,i g5]ally f9d ! repulsive ,p[] /ronge/4 ,,s9ce my la/ ,communication1 ! ,_s has be5 fir$ bo? by ! attractive & repulsive ,p[] ?r\gh f\r ,p]sons /&+ ^u electrical ,cakes2 ea* communicat+ ) ! o!r ei!r by ! ,means ( a walk+ ,cane1 a ,sword1 or any o!r non-electric ,sub/ance4 ,x has likewise be5 fir$ f ! ,h&le ( a ,sword held 9 ! ,h& ( a ?ird ,p]son4 ,i ,,h n only fir$ ,frob5ius's ,phlogi/on1 rectifi$-_s & common pro(-_s1 b also ,sal volatile ,oleosum1 ,_s ( ,lav5d]1 dulcifi$ ,_s ( ,nitre1 ,peony ,wat]1 ,daffy's ,elixir1 ,helvetius's ,/iptic1 & "s o!r ,mixtures :]e ! ,_s has be5 v consid]ably dilut$2 likewise di/ill$ vegetable ,oils1 su* z t ( ,turp5t9e1 ,lemon1 ,orange ,peels & ,junip]1 & ev5 ^? ( !m1 :i* are specifically heavi] ?an ,wat]1 z ,oil ( ,sassafras2 also res9\s ,sub/ances1 su* z ,balsam ,capivi & ,turp5t9e2 all :i* s5d =?1 :5 w>m$1 an inflammable ,vap\r4 ,b express$ vegetable ,oils1 z ^? ( ,olives1 ,l9se$1 & ,almonds1 z well z ,tall[1 all ^: ,vap\rs are un9flammable1 ,i h n be5 able yet to fire2 b ^! inde$ w n fire on ! ,application ( light$ ,pap]4 ,besides1 if ^! la/ w\ld fire ) light$ ,pap]1 unless _! ,vap\rs 7 inflammable1 ,i c sc>ce conceive !y w\ld fire by ,electricity2 because 9 fir+ ,spirits1 c4 ,i always p]ceive t ! ,electricity snaps be=e x comes 9 ,contact ) _! ,surfaces1 & !re=e only fires _! inflammable ,vap\rs4 ,,z an excit$ non-,electric emits almo/ all its ,fire1 if once t\*'d by a non-,electric n excit$1 ,i 0 desir\s ( be+ satisfy'd1 :e!r or no ! ,fire emitt$ w\ld n be great] or less 9 proportion to ! ,volume ( ! electrifi$ ,body4 ,9 ord] to ?is ,i procur'd an ,iron ,b> ab\t five ,feet long & ne> #agj ,p\nds 9 ,weight2 ?is ,i electrifi$ ly+ on ,cakes ( ,wax & ,ros91 b obs]v$ ! ,fla%es aris+ !refrom n m viol5t ?an ^? f a common ,pok]4 ,9 mak+ ?is ,exp]im5t1 be+ will+ to try ! repulsive ,=ce1 x once happ5'd t :il/ ! ,b> 0 at "o ,end electrify+1 a ,spoon lay ^u ! o!r1 & ^u an ,assi/ant's p\r+ "s w>m ,_s into ! ,spoon1 ! electrical ,fla% f ! ,spoon snapp$ & fir$ ! fir/ ,drop ( ! ,_s1 :i* unexpect$ly fir$ n only ! :ole ,jett z x 0 p\r+1 b k9dl$ likewise ! :ole ,quantity 9 ! ,pot1 9 :i* ,i usually h x w>m'd4 ,i ,,f9d1 9 fir+ inflammable ,sub/ances f ! ,f+] ( a ,man /&+ ^u ,wax1 t ct]is p>ibus ! ,success is m con/ant1 if ! ,man in/ead ( hold+ ! ,?read 7! ,use ( :i* ,i communicat$ 9 a =m] ,pap]7 9 8 ,h&1 ! ,?read is susp5d$ at ! ,end ( an ,iron ,rod held 9 "o ,h&1 & he t\*es ! ,_s ) "o ( ! ,f+]s ( ! o!r4 ,,if a ,man1 /&+ ^u ! electrical ,cake ) a ,di% or deep ,plate ( ,wat] 9 "o ,h&1 & ! ,iron ,rod ) ! ,?read 9 ! o!r1 is made electrical2 & a ,p]son n electrifi$ t\*es any ,"p ei!r ( ! ,plate or ,wat]1 ! ,fla%es ( ,fire come out pl5tifully1 & :]ev] y br+ y\r ,f+] v ne>1 ! ,wat] rises up 9 a little ,cone1 f ! ,po9t ( :i* ! ,fire is produc$1 & y\r ,f+]1 ?\gh n 9 actual ,contact1 is made wet4 ,! same ,exp]im5t succe$s ?r\gh ?ree or m ,p4 ,,9 fir+ inflammable ,sub/ances1 ! ,p]son :o holds ! ,spoon 9 8 ,h& to receive ! electrical ,fla%es1 :5 ! ,f+] ( ! electrifi$ ,p]son is br\ght ne> !reto1 n only feels a t+l+ 9 8 ,h&1 b ev5 a slight ,pa9 up to 8 ,elb[4 ,?is is mo/ p]ceptible 9 dry ,wea!r1 :5 ! ,electricity is v p[]ful4 ,,!re is a consid]able ,difficulty 9 fir+ ,electrics p] se1 su* z ,turp5t9e1 & ,balsam ,capivi1 by ! repulsive ,p[] ( ,electricity2 because 9 ?is ,case ^! ,sub/ances w n p]mit ! ,electricity to pass ?r\gh !m2 !re=e :5 y w\ld h ?is ,exp]im5t succe$1 ! ,f+] ( ! ,p]son1 :o is to fire !m1 is to be appli$ z ne> to ! ,edge z possible ( ^! ,sub/ances :5 w>m'd 9 a ,spoon1 t ! ,fla%es f ! ,spoon 7= ^! ,sub/ances w emit none7 may snap1 :]e !y are spread ! ?9ne/1 & !n fire _! ,effluvia4 ,?is ,exp]im5t1 z well z sev]al o!rs1 s]ves to confute t ,op9ion1 :i* has prevail'd ) _m1 t ! ,electricity floats only ^u ! ,surfaces ( ,bodies4 ,,if an electrical ,cake is dipp'd 9 ,wat]1 x is !reby made a ,conductor ( ,electricity1 ! ,wat] hang+ ab\t x transmitt+ ! electrical ,effluvia 9 su* a mann]1 t a ,p]son /&+ !reon c by no means be electrifi$ en\gh to attract ! leaf ,gold at ! smalle/ ,di/ance2 ?\gh ! ,p]son /&+ ^u ! same ,cake :5 dry1 attract$ a ,piece ( f9e ,?read hang+ at ! ,di/ance ( two ,feet f 8 ,f+]4 ,we mu/ "h obs]ve t ! ,cake be+ ( an unctu\s ,sub/ance1 ! ,wat] w no :]e lie uni=mly !reon1 b adh]e 9 sep>ate ,molecul2 s t 9 ?is ,in/ance ! ,electricity jumps f "o ,p>ticle ( ,wat] to ano!r1 till ! ,:ole is dissipat$4 ,,f ! ,appe>ance ( ! ,?reads among/ :i* ,i rub ! ,tube1 ,i c frequ5tly judge1 ?\gh ! ,_s may be _m ,feet di/ant f !m1 :e!r or no x w fire2 because :5 ! ,p]sons /&+ ^u ! ,wax are made electrical en\gh to fire ! ,_s1 ! ,?reads repel ea* o!r at _! l[] ,p>ts1 :]e !y are n conf9'd1 to a consid]able ,di/ance1 & ?is ,di/ance is 9 ,proportion z ! ,?reads are made electrical4 ,,if two ,p]sons /& ^u electrical ,cakes at ab\t a ,y>d's ,di/ance f ea* o!r1 "o ( :i* ,p]sons1 = ! ,sake ( ,di/9ction1 we w call ,a1 ! o!r ,b3 ,if ,a :5 electrifi$ t\*es ,b1 ,a loses almo/ all 8 ,electricity at t ,t\* only1 :i* is receiv'd by ,b & /opp'd by ! electrical ,cake2 if ,a is imm$iately electrifi$ aga9 to ! same ,degree z be=e & t\*es ,b1 ! ,snapp+ is less ^u ! ,t\*2 & ?is ,snapp+1 ^u electrify+ ,a1 gr[s less & less1 till ,b be+ impregnat$ ) ,electricity1 ?\gh receiv'd at ,int]vals1 ! ,snapp+ w no long] be s5sible4 ,,t ,glass w repel & n conduct ! ,electricity ( ,glass1 has be5 m5tion'd by o!rs1 :o h treat$ ( ?is ,subject2 b ! ,exp]im5ts to det]m9e ?is ,matt] mu/ be conduct$ ) a great deal ( ,caution2 = unless ! glass ,tube1 int5d$ to conduct ! ,electricity1 be z w>m z ! ext]nal ,air1 x w seem to prove ! contr>y1 unless 9 v dry ,places & ,seasons4 ,?us1 ,i sometimes h br\ght a cold1 ?\gh dry1 ,glass ,tube ne> ?ree ,feet long into a ,room1 :]e !re has be5 a ,numb] ( ,p2 :5 ^u plac+ ! ,tube ^u ,silk ,l9es1 & lay+ "s ,leaf ,silv] ^u a ,c>d at "o ,end & rubb+ ano!r ,glass ,tube at ! o!r1 ! ,silv] has1 contr>y to ,expectation1 be5 ?r[n (f z readily z f an ,iron ,rod4 ,at fir/ ,i 0 surpriz'd at ?is ,appe>ance1 b !n conjectur'd1 t x mu/ arise f ! ,coldness ( ! ,glass1 cond5s+ ! float+ ,vap\r ( ! ,room2 9 ,ord] !n to obviate ?is1 ,i w>m'd ! ,tube suffici5tly1 & ?is ,effect 0 no long] produc$1 b ! ,silv] lay p]fectly /ill4 ,,if a ,numb] ( ,pieces ( f9ely spun ,glass cut to ab\t an ,in* 9 ,l5g?1 little bits ( f9e ,wire ( ! same ,l5g? ( :at ,metal y please1 & small ,cork ,balls1 are ei!r put all toge!r1 or ea* by !mselves1 into a dry pewt] ,plate1 or ^u a ,piece ( poli%'d ,metal1 !y make 9 ! foll[+ ,mann] a v odd & surpriz+ ,appe>ance4 ,let a ,man1 /&+ ^u electrical ,cakes1 hold ?is ,plate 9 8 ,h& ) ! bits ( ,glass1 ,wire1 c4 deta*$ f ea* o!r1 z mu* z conv5i5tly may be2 :5 he is electrifi$1 let him cause a ,p]son /&+ ^u ! ,gr\nd to br+ ano!r ,plate1 8 ,h&1 or any o!r ,non-,electric1 exactly ov] ! ,plate conta9+ ^! ,bodies4 ,:5 8 ,h&1 c4 is ab\t eight ,in*es ov] !m1 let him br+ x d[n g5tly3 ,z x comes ne>1 9 proportion to ! ,/r5g? ( ! ,electricity1 he w obs]ve ! bits ( ,glass fir/ raise !mselves upright2 & !n1 if he br+s 8 ,h& ne>]1 d>t directly up & /ick to x )\t snapp+4 ,! bits ( ,wire w fly up likewise1 & z !y come ne> ! ,h&1 snap al\d2 y feel a sm>t ,/roke1 & see ! ,fire aris+ f !m to ! ,h& at e ,/roke2 ea* ( ^!1 z soon z !y h dis*>g$ _! ,fire1 falls d[n aga9 ^u ! ,plate4 ,! ,cork ,balls also fly up1 & /rike y\r ,h&1 b fall aga9 directly4 ,y h a con/ant ,succession ( ^! ,appe>ances z long z y cont9ue to electrify ! ,man1 9 ^: ,h& ! ,plate is held2 b if y t\* any "p ei!r ( ! ,man or ,plate1 ! ,pieces ( ,glass1 :i* be=e 7 ^u _! ,ends1 imm$iately fall d[n4 ,,"s few ,ye>s ago1 ,sir ,james ,l[!r br\ght "s ,bladd]s fill'd ) inflammable ,air1 collect$ f 8 ,coal-m9es1 to ! ,royal ,society4 ,?is ,air flam'd ^u a light$ ,c&le be+ br\ght ne> x4 ,?is ,inflammability has occasion'd _m t]rible ,accid5ts4 ,mr4 ,maud1 a wor?y ,memb] ( ?is ,society1 made at t ,"t by ,art1 & %ew'd ! ,society1 ,air exactly ( ! same ,quality4 ,i 0 desir\s ( kn[+ if ?is ,air w\ld be k9dl$ by electrical ,fla%es4 ,i accord+ly made su* ,air by putt+ an ,ounce ( ,fil+s ( ,iron1 an ,ounce ( ,oil ( ,vitriol & f\r ,ounces ( ,wat] into a ,flor5ce ,flask2 ^u :i* an ,ebullition ensu$1 & ! ,air1 :i* arose f ^! ,mat]ials1 n only fill'd ?ree ,bladd]s1 b also1 ^u ! ,application ( ! ,f+] ( an ,electrifi$ ,p]son1 took ,flame & burnt ne> ! ,top & out ( ! ,neck ( ! ,flask a consid]able ,"t4 ,:5 ! ,flame is almo/ out1 %ake ! ,flask & ! ,flame revives4 ,y mu/ ) y\r ,f+] dipp$ 9 ,wat]1 moi/5 ! ,m\? ( ! ,flask z fa/ z x is dri$ by ! ,heat )91 or ! ,electricity w n fire x3 ,because ! ,flask be+ an ,electric p] se w n snap at ! ,application ( ! ,f+]1 )\t ! ,glass be+ fir/ made non-electric by wett+4 ,x has sometimes happ5'd1 if ! ,f+] has be5 appli$ be=e ! inflammable ,air has f\nd a ready ,exit f ! ,m\? ( ! ,flask1 t ! ,fla% has fill'd ! ,flask1 & gone (f ) an ,explosion equal to ! fir+ ( a l>ge ,pi/ol1 & sometimes inde$ x has bur/ ! ,flask4 ,! same ,effect is produc$ f ! ,_s ( ,sea ,salt1 z f ,oil ( ,vitriol2 b z ! ,acid ( ,sea ,salt is mu* light] ?an t ( ,vitriol1 !re is no ,necessity to add ! ,wat] 9 ?is ,exp]im5t4 ,,^? :o are n mu* acqua9t$ ) ,*emical ,philosophy1 may ?9k x v extraord9>y1 t f a ,mixture ( cold ,sub/ances1 :i* bo? conjunctly & sep>ately are un9flammable1 ?is v inflammable ,vap\r %\ld be produc$4 ,9 ord] to solve ?is1 x may n be improp] to premise1 t ,iron is comp\nd$ ( a ,metallic z well z a sulphur\s ,"p4 ,?is ,sulphur is s fix'd1 t1 aft] heat+ ! ,iron r$ hot1 & ev5 melt+ x ev] s (t51 ! ,sulphur w n be dis5gag$ !refrom3 ,b ^u ! ,mixture ( ! ,vitriolic ,acid1 & by ! ,heat & ,ebullition :i* are almo/ in/antly produc$1 ! ,metallic ,"p is dissolv$1 & ! ,sulphur1 :i* be=e 0 intimately connect$ !re)1 be+ dis5gag$1 becomes volatile4 ,?is ,heat & ,ebullition cont9ues 'till ! ,vitriolic ,acid is p]fectly saturat$ ) ! ,metallic ,"p ( ! ,iron1 & ! ,vap\r once fir$ cont9ues to flame1 until ?is ,saturation be+ effect$1 no m ( ! ,sulphur flies (f4 ,i ,,h h]et(ore m5tion$1 h[ consid]ably p]fectly dry ,air conduces to ! ,success ( ^! ,exp]im5ts2 b we h be5 lately in=m$ by an ,extract ( a ,lett]1 t ,abb ,nolet 0 ( ,op9ion1 t !y w\ld succe$ 9 wet ,wea!r1 provid$ ! ,tubes 7 made ( ,glass1 t+$ blue ) ,zaff]4 ,i h procur$ ,tubes ( ?is ,sort1 b1 aft] giv+ !m _m c&id ,trials1 ,i _c ?9k !m equal to _! ,recomm5dation4 ,i fir/ tri$ "o ( !m 9 a sm>t ,%[] ( ,ra9 aft] a dry ,day1 :5 ! ,drops 7 l>ge1 & ! ,_s fir$ ?ree ,times 9 ab\t f\r ,m9utes2 ! same ,effect succe$$1 "u ! same ,circum/ances1 f ! :ite "o2 b aft] ?ree or f\r ,h\rs ra9+1 :5 ! ,air 0 p]fectly wet1 ,i nev] c\ld make x succe$4 ,& to illu/rate ?is ,matt] fur!r1 ,i h be5 able :5 ! ,wea!r has be5 v dry1 ) once rubb+ my ,h& d[n ?is blue ,tube1 & apply+ x to ! ,end ( an ,iron ,rod six ,feet long1 to ?r[ (f sev]al ,pieces ( ,leaf-,silv] ly+ ^u a ,c>d at ! o!r ,end ( ?is ,rod1 :]eas ,i nev] h be5 able to ?r[ x (f by any ,means 9 v wet ,wea!r4 ,besides1 ,i am ( ,op9ion1 t aft] ! ,electrical ,fire is gone f ! ,tube1 ! ,tube has no ,%>e 9 ! conduct+ ( x2 my ,s5tim5ts on t ,head ,i laid be=e y 9 a =m] ,pap]3 ,= if ! ,silk ,l9es are wett$1 !y diffuse all ! ,electricity1 & ! same ,effects happ5 :5 ! ,air is wet1 be y\r ,glass ( :at ,col\r x w4 ,x may n be improp] "h to obs]ve1 t ,zaff]1 :i* is us$ by ! ,glass-mak]s & ,enamell]s1 is made ( ,cobalt or ,mundick calc9'd aft] ! sublim+ ! ,fl[]s4 ,?is be+ r$uc$ to a v f9e ,p[d]1 & mixt ) twice or ?rice its own ,weight ( f9ely p[d]$ ,fl9ts1 is moi/5'd ) ,wat] & put up 9 ,b>rels1 9 :i* x soon runs into a h>d ,mass & is call'd ,zaff]4 ,a ,,dry ,sponge hang+ by a ,pack-?read at ! ,end ( an electrifi$ ,sword1 or f ! ,h& ( an electrifi$ ,man1 gives no ,signs ( be+ made electrical2 if x is well soak'd 9 ,wat]1 :]ev] x is t\*$1 y bo? see & feel ! electrical ,sp>ks4 ,n only s1 b if x is s full ( ,wat]1 t x falls f ! ,sponge1 ^? ,drops 9 a d>k ,room1 receiv'd ^u y\r ,h&1 n only fla% & snap1 b y p]ceive a prick+ ,pa94 ,if y hold y\r ,h&1 or any non-electrical ,sub/ances1 v ne>1 ! ,wat] :i* _h ceas$ dropp+ :5 ! ,sponge 0 n electrifi$1 drops aga9 ^u its be+ electrifi$1 & ! ,drops fall 9 ,proportion to ! receiv'd ,electricity1 z ?\gh ! ,sponge 7 g5tly squeez'd betwe5 y\r ,f+]s4 ,i 0 desir\s to "k if ,i 0 able to electrify a ,drop ( cold ,wat]1 dropp+ f ! ,sponge1 en\gh to fire ! ,_s2 b aft] _m unsuccessful ,trials1 ,i 0 =c$ to desi/2 because ! cold ,wat] dropp+ f ! ,sponge n only cool'd ! ,_s too mu*1 b also r5d]'d x too weak2 likewise1 e ,drop c>ri$ ) x great ,"p ( ! ,electricity f ! ,sponge4 ,i !n consid]'d1 9 :at ,mann]1 ,i c\ld give a ,t5acity to ! ,wat]1 suffici5t to make ! ,drops hang a consid]able ,"t1 & ?is ,i br\ght ab\t by mak+ a ,mucilage ( ! ,se$s ( ,fleawort4 ,a wet ,sponge !n1 squeez'd h>d & fill'd ) ?is cold ,mucilage1 0 held 9 ! ,h& ( an electrifi$ ,man1 :5 ! ,drops =c$ out by ! ,electricity1 assi/$ by ! ,t5acity ( ! ,liquor1 hung "s ,in*es f ! ,sponge1 & by a ,drop ( ?is ,i fir'd n only ! ,_s ( ,w9e1 b likewise ! inflammable ,air be=e m5tion$1 bo? ) & )\t ! ,explosion4 ,:at an extraord9>y ,effect is ?is6 ,t a ,drop ( cold ,wat] 7= ! ,se$s contribute no?+ b add ,consi/5ce to ! ,wat]7 %\ld be ! ,m$ium ( ,fire & ,flame4 ,,camphor is a vegetable ,res91 & ( ,consequ5ce an ,electric p] se4 ,?is ,sub/ance1 not)/&+ its great ,inflammability1 w n take fire f ! ,f+] ( a ,man or any o!r ,body electrifi$1 ?\gh made v w>m & ! ,vap\rs arise !refrom 9 great ,abundance4 ,because1 nei!r ,electric's p] se excit$1 or electrifi$ ,bodies1 ex]t _! ,=ce by snapp+ ^u ,electric's p] se1 ?\gh n excit$4 ,if y break ,camphor small & w>m x 9 a ,spoon1 x is n melt$ by ,heat l o!r ,res9s2 b if t ,heat 7 cont9u$ x w\ld all prove volatile4 ,to ,camphor ?us w>m'd1 ! ,f+] ( an electrifi$ ,man1 a ,sword or su*-l1 w 9 snapp+ ex]t its ,=ce ^u ! ,spoon1 & ! circum-ambi5t ,vap\r ( ! ,camphor w be fir$ !reby1 & light up ! :ole ,quantity expos$4 ,! same ,exp]im5t succe$s by ! repulsive ,p[] ( ,electricity4 ,a ,,pok] ?or\ghly ignit$ put into ,_s ( ,w9e1 or into ! di/ill$ ,oil ( ,vegetables1 produces no ,flame 9 ei!r2 x inde$ occasions ! ,vap\rs to arise f ! ,oil 9 great ,abundance4 ,b if y electrify ?is heat$ ,pok]1 ! electrical ,fla%es pres5tly k9dle ,flame 9 ei!r4 ,! ,exp]im5t is ! same ) ,camphor4 ,^! ,exp]im5ts1 z well z ! foll[+1 suffici5tly ev9ce1 t ! electrical ,fire is truly ,flame1 & t extreamly subtil4 ,i ,,h made sev]al ,trials 9 ord] to fire ,gunp[d] alone1 :i* ,i tri$ bo? w>m & cold1 :ole & p[d]'d1 b nev] c\ld make x succe$2 & ?is arises 9 "p f its ,vap\rs n be+ inflammable1 & 9 "p f its n be+ capable ( be+ fir'd by ,flame1 unless ! ,sulphur 9 ! ,composition is ne>ly 9 ! ,/ate ( ,acc5sion4 ,?is we see by putt+ ,gunp[d] into a ,spoon ) rectifi$ ,_s1 :i*1 :5 light$1 w n fire ! ,p[d]1 'till by ! ,heat ( ! ,spoon f ! burn+ ,_s1 ! ,sulphur is almo/ melt$4 ,likewise1 if y hold ,gunp[d] gr\nd v f9e 9 a ,spoon ov] a light$ ,c&le1 or any o!r ,flame1 z soon z ! ,spoon is hot en\gh to melt ! ,sulphur1 y see a blue ,flame1 & in/antly ! ,p[d] fla%es (f4 ,! same ,effects are obs]v'd 9 ! ,pulvis fulm9ans1 compos'd ( ,nitre1 ,sulphur1 & fix$ ,alkal9e ,salt4 ,besides1 :5 ! ,gunp[d] is v dry & gr\nd v f9e1 x 7z y please to make ! ,exp]im5t7 is ei!r attract$1 or repell'd2 s t 9 ! fir/ ,case1 ! ,end ( y\r ,f+] :5 electrifi$1 %all be cov]'d ov] ) ! ,p[d]1 ?\gh held at "s ,di/ance2 & 9 ! o!r1 if y electrify ! ,p[d]1 x w fly (f at ! ,approa* ( any non-electrifi$ ,sub/ance1 & sometimes ev5 )\t x4 ,b ,i c at ,pleasure fire ,gunp[d]1 & ev5 dis*>ge a ,musket1 by ! ,p[] ( ,electricity1 :5 ! ,gunp[d] has be5 gr\nd ) a little ,camphor or ) a few ,drops ( "s inflammable *emical ,oil4 ,?is ,oil some:at moi/5s ! ,p[d]1 & prev5ts its fly+ away2 ! ,gunp[d] !n be+ w>m'd 9 a ,spoon1 ! electrical ,fla%es fire ! inflammable ,vap\r1 :i* fires ! ,gunp[d]3 ,b ! ,"t betwe5 ! ,vap\r fir+ ! ,p[d] is s %ort1 t frequ5tly !y appe> z ! same & n successive ,op]ations1 :]e9 ! ,gunp[d] itself seems fir$ by ! ,electricity2 & inde$ ! fir/ ,"t ?is ,exp]im5t succe$$1 ! ,fla% 0 s sudd5 & unexpect$1 t ! ,h& ( my ,assi/ant1 :o t\*'d ! ,spoon ) 8 ,f+]1 0 consid]ably scor*'d4 ,s t !re seems a f\r? ,+r$i5t necess>y to make ,gunp[d] readily take ,fire by ,flame1 & t su* a "o1 z w height5 ! ,inflammability ( ! ,sulphur4 ,9 common ,cases ! light$ ,mat* or ! little ,portion ( r$ hot ,glass1 :i* falls among ! ,p[d]1 & is ! ,result ( ! ,collision f ! ,fl9t & ,/eel1 fires ! ,*>coal & ,sulphur1 & ^! ! ,nitre4 ,b if to ^! ?ree ,+r$i5ts y add a f\r?1 viz4 a ,vegetable *emical ,oil1 & g5tly w>m ?is ,mixture1 ! ,oil by ! ,w>m? mixes intimately ) ! ,sulphur1 l[]s its ,consi/5ce1 & makes x readily take fire by ,flame4 ,9 ^! ,op]ations1 not)/&+ ,i always made use ( ! f9e/ sc5t$ ,oils ( ,orange ,peel1 ,lemons1 & su* l1 yet ^u ! lea/ w>m+ ! ,mixture1 ! rank ,smell ( ,balsam 7i4 e4 ! ready ,solution7 ( ,sulphur 0 v obvi\s4 ,read be=e ! ,r4 ,s4 ,oct4 #bd4 #agde4 ,a ,cont9uation ( ! ,above4 ,read1 ,feb4 #f4 #agde4 ,,z ,wat] is a non-electric1 & ( ,consequ5ce a ,conductor ( ,electricity1 ,i _h ,reason to believe t ,ice 0 end[$ ) ! same ,prop]ties4 ,^u mak+ ! ,exp]im5t ,i f\nd my ,conjectures n )\t ,f\ndation2 = ^u electrify+ a ,piece ( ,ice1 :]ev] ! ,ice 0 t\*$ by a non-electric1 x fla%$ & snapp$4 ,a ,piece ( ,ice also held 9 ! ,h& ( an electrifi$ ,man1 z 9 ! be=em5tion$ ,processes1 fir$ w>m ,_s1 *emical vegetable ,oils1 ,camphor1 & ,gunp[d] prep>$ z be=e4 ,b "h great ,c>e mu/ be tak51 t by ! ,w>m? ( ! ,h&1 or ( ! ,air 9 ! ,room1 ! ,ice does n melt2 if s1 e ,drop ( ,wat] !refrom consid]ably dim9i%es ! receiv$ ,electricity4 ,9 ,ord] to obviate ?is1 ,i caus$ my ,assi/ant1 :ile he 0 electrify+1 to be cont9ually wip+ ! ,ice dry ^u a ,napk9 hung to ! ,buttons ( 8 ,coat1 & ?is be+ electrifi$ z well z ! ,ice1 prev5t$ any ,loss ( ! ,=ce ( ! ,electricity4 ,! ,exp]im5t w succe$ likewise1 if1 in/ead ( ! ,ice1 y electrify ! ,_s1 c4 & br+ ! ,ice n electrifi$ ne> !m4 ,i mu/ obs]ve1 t ,ice is n s ready a ,conductor ( ,electricity z ,wat]2 s t ,i v frequ5tly h be5 disappo9t$ 9 endeav\r+ ) x to fire inflammable ,sub/ances1 :5 x has be5 readily done by a ,sword or ! ,f+] ( a ,man4 ,9 ! fir/ ,pap]#c ,i _h ! ,hon\r to lay be=e y ^u ?is ,subject1 ,i took ,notice ( my hav+ obs]v$ two diff]5t ,appe>ances ( ! ,fire f electrifi$ ,sub/ances2 viz4 ^? l>ge bright ,fla%es1 :i* may be procur$ f any ,"p ( electrifi$ ,bodies1 by br++ a ,non-,electric unexcit$ ne> !m1 & ) :i* we h fir$ all ! inflammable ,sub/ances m5tion$ 9 ! ,c\rse ( ^! ,obs]vations2 & ^?1 l ! fir+ ( wet ,gunp[d]1 :i* are only p]ceptible at ! ,po9ts or ,edges ( excit$ ,non-electrics4 ,^! la/ also appe> diff]5t 9 ,col\r & ,=m accord+ to ! ,sub/ances f :i* !y proce$3 ,= f poli%$ ,bodies1 z ! ,po9t ( a ,sword1 a ,silv] ,probe1 ! ,po9ts ( ,scissors1 & ! ,edges ( ! ,/eel-b> made ,magnetical by ! +5i\s ,dr4 ,knight1 ! electrical ,fire appe>s l a ,p5cil ( ,rays1 agree+ 9 ,col\r ) ! ,fire f ,boyle's ,phosphorus2 b f unpoli%$ ,bodies1 z ! ,end ( a ,pok]1 a ru/y ,nail or su*-l1 ! ,rays are mu* m r$4 ,! ,diff]5ce ( ,col\r "h1 ,i am ( ,op9ion1 is ow+ r to ! diff]5t ,reflection ( ! electrical ,fire f ! ,surface ( ! ,body f :i* x is emitt$1 ?an to any ,diff]5ce 9 ! ,fire itself4 ,^! ,p5cils ( ,rays issue successively z long z ! ,bodies1 f :i* !y proce$1 are excit+2 b !y are long] & m brilliant1 if y br+ any ,non-,electric n excit$ ne> !m1 ?\gh x mu/ n be close en\gh to make !m snap4 ,if y hold y\r ,h& at ab\t two or ?ree ,in*es ,di/ance f ^! ,po9ts1 y n only feel successive ,bla/s ( ,w9d f !m1 b he> also a crackl+ ,noise4 ,:]e !re are sev]al ,po9ts1 y obs]ve at ! same ,"t sev]al ,p5cils ( ,rays4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,x appe>s f ,exp]im5ts1 t besides ! sev]al ,prop]ties1 t ,electricity is possess'd ( peculi> to itself1 x has "s 9 common ) ,magnetism & ,light4 ,,proposition ,i4 ,,9 common ) ,magnetism1 ,electricity c\nt]acts1 & 9 light ,sub/ances ov]comes ! ,=ce ( ,gravity4 ,l t extraord9>y ,p[] likewise1 x ex]ts its ,=ce 9 ,vacuo z p[]fully z 9 op5 ,air1 & ?is ,=ce is ext5d$ to a consid]able ,di/ance ?r\gh v>i\s ,sub/ances ( diff]5t ,textures & ,d5sities4 ,,coroll>y4 ,,gravity is ! g5]al ,endeav\r & ,t5d5cy ( ,bodies t[>ds ! ,c5t] ( ! ,e>?2 ?is is ov]come by ! ,magnet ) ,reg>d to ,iron1 & by ,electricity ) ,reg>d to light ,sub/ances bo? 9 its ,attraction & ,repulsion2 b ,i h nev] be5 able to disc]n t vortical ,motion1 by :i* ?is ,effect 0 said to be br\ght ab\t by ! late ,dr4 ,desaguli]s & o!rs1 hav+ no o!r ,conception ( its ,mann] ( act+ ?an z ,rays f a ,c5t]1 :i* inde$ is confirm$ by sev]al ,exp]im5ts4 ,"o ( :i*1 v easy to be tri$1 is1 t if a s+le d[ny ,se$ ( ,cotton ,grass is dropp$ f a ,man's ,h&1 & 9 its ,fall comes )9 ! ,attraction ( ! rubb$ ,tube2 ! ,d[n ( ?is ,se$1 :i* be=e seem$ to /ick toge!r1 sep>ates1 & =ms ,rays r\nd ! ,c5t] ( ! ,se$3 ,or if y fa/5 _m ( ^! ,se$s ) ,mucilage ( ,gum ,arabic1 r\nd a ,bit ( ,/ick1 ! ,d[n ( !m :5 electrifi$1 :i* o!rwise hangs f ! ,/ick1 is rais$ up1 & =ms a circul> ,appe>ance r\nd ! ,/ick4 ,z ^! light ,bodies are direct$ 9 _! ,motions1 only by ! ,=ce impress$ ^u !m1 & z _! ,appe>ance is con/antly radiatim1 su* ,appe>ance by no ,means squ>es ) our ,idea ( a ,vortex4 ,"s h imag9$ a ,pol>ity also1 :5 !y h obs]v$ "o end ( an excit$ ,glass ,tube repel light ,sub/ances1 & ! o!r attract !m4 ,b ?is ,deception1 aris+ f ! :ole ,l5g? ( ! ,tube n be+ excit$1 b only su* ,"p ( x z has be5 rubb$2 s t z mu* ( ! ,tube z is held 9 ! ,h&1 rema9s 9 an unexcit$ ,/ate1 & p]mits light ,sub/ances to lie /ill !reon1 ?\gh =cibly repell'd at ! o!r ,end4 ,?is attractive ,p[] ( ,electricity acts n only ^u ,non-electrics1 z ,leaf-,gold1 ,silv]1 ,?read1 & su* l1 b also ^u orig9ally ,electrics1 z ,silk1 dry ,fea!rs1 little ,pieces ( ,glass & ,res92 x attracts all ,bodies1 t are n ( ! same ,/&>d ( ,electricity1 7if ,i may be all[$ ! ,expression7 z ! excit$ ,body f :i* x proce$s4 ,i h f\nd no ,body h[ev] d5se1 ^: ,pores are n p]vi\s to ,electricity by a prop] ,managem5t1 n ev5 ,gold itself4 ,,proposition ,,ii4 ,,9 common ) ,light1 ,electricity p]vades ,glass1 b suff]s no ,refraction !refrom2 ,i hav+ f ! mo/ exact ,obs]vations f\nd its ,direction to be 9 "r ,l9es1 & t ?r\gh ,glasses ( diff]5t ,=ms1 includ$ "o )9 ! o!r1 & l>ge ,spaces left betwe5 ea* ,glass4 ,,coroll>y4 ,,?is rectil9eal ,direction is obs]vable only z f> z ! ,electricity c p5etrate ?r\gh unexcit$ ,orig9ally-electrics1 & ^? p]fectly dry2 nor is x at all mat]ial1 :e!r ^! ,sub/ances are transp>5t1 z ,glass2 semidiaphan\s1 z ,porcela9 or ?9 ,cakes ( :ite ,wax2 or q opake1 z ?ick wooll5 ,clo?1 z well z wov5 ,silk ( v>i\s ,col\rs2 x is only necess>y t !y be ,orig9ally-electrics4 ,b ! ,case is widely diff]5t ) ,reg>d to ,non-electrics2 :]e9 ! ,direction1 giv5 to ! ,electricity by ! excit$ orig9ally-electric1 is alt]'d z soon z x t\*es ! ,surface ( a ,non-electric1 & is propagat$ ) a ,degree ( ,swiftness sc>cely to be measur$ 9 all possible ,directions to impregnate ! :ole ,non-electric ,mass 9 ,contact ) x1 or ne>ly s1 h[ev] diff]5t 9 itself1 & :i* mu/ ( ,necessity be t]m9at$ by an orig9ally ,electric1 be=e ! ,electricity ex]ts ! lea/ ,attraction1 & !n ?is ,p[] is obs]v$ fir/ at t ,"p ( ! ,non-electric ! mo/ remote f ! orig9ally-electric4 ,?us = ,example1 by an excit$ ,tube held ov] x1 ,leaf ,gold w be attract$ ?r\gh ,glass1 ,clo?1 c4 held horizontally 9 ! ,h& ( a ,man /&+ ^u ! ,floor1 & ?is ,attraction is ex]t$ to a consid]able ,di/ance4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! rubb$ ,tube w n attract ,leaf ,gold or o!r light ,bodies1 h[ev] ne>1 ?r\gh ,silv]1 ,t91 ! ?9ne/ ,bo>d1 ,pap]1 or any o!r ,non-electric1 held 9 ! ,mann] be=e-m5tion$4 ,b if y rub ! ,pap] ov] ) ,wax melt$1 & by t ,means introduce ! orig9ally-electric !re91 y obs]ve ! ,electricity acts 9 "r ,l9es1 & attracts p[]fully4 ,& "h ,i mu/ beg ,leave to rem9d y1 n only ( ! =m] ,coroll>y1 b ( "s ( ! =m] ,exp]im5ts also2 by :i* x appe>s1 t al?\gh1 to make a ,non-electric ex]t any ,p[]1 we mu/ excite ! :ole ,mass !re(1 yet we c excite :at ,"p1 & :at only1 ( an orig9ally-electric we please4 ,?us we obs]ve1 t ,leaf-gold1 & ! ,se$ ( ,cotton-grass1 7:i* gr[s ^u ,boggs & is a v prop] ,subject = ^! ,inquiries7 are attract$ "u a ,glass ,j> made w>m#d1 & turn$ ,bottom upw>ds1 ^u :i* are plac$ ,books & sev]al o!r ,non-electrics2 & t ! ,motions ( ! light ,bodies und]nea? correspond ) ! ,motions ( ! ,glass ,tube held ov] !m1 ! ,electricity seem+ in/antane\sly to pass ?r\gh ! ,books & ! ,glass4 ,b ?is does n happ51 till ! ,electricity has fully impregnat$ ! ,non-electrics1 :i* lie ^u ! ,glass1 :i* receiv$ ,electricity is /opp$ by ! ,glass1 & !n ^! ,non-electrics d>t _! ,p[] directly ?r\gh ! upp] ,"p ( ! ,glass aft] ! ,mann] ( ,orig9ally-electrics4 ,b if ! ?9ne/ ,non-electric1 ev5 ! f9e/ ,pap]1 z ,i be=e m5tion$1 is held 9 ! ,h& ( a ,man at ! smalle/ ,di/ance ov] ! ,leaf-,gold1 & ! ,electricity is n /opp$1 n ! lea/ ,p[] w be ex]t$1 & ! ,gold w lie /ill4 ,i mu/ "h rem>k likewise1 t ?is ,law ( ,electricity is s con/ant & regul>1 t ,i h n f\nd "o ,deviation f x2 s t ev5 ! ,quicksilv]1 spread ?9 z x usually is at ! ,back ( a ,plate ( a ,look+-glass1 w prev5t ! pass+ ?r\gh ( ! electrical ,attraction1 unless /opp$ by an ,orig9ally-electric4 ,?is ,p5etration ( ! electrical ,p[] ?r\gh orig9ally-electrics is mu* great] ?an has hi!rto be5 imag9$1 & has caus$ ! ,want ( ,success to great ,numb]s ( ,exp]im5ts4 ,i h be5 at no small ,pa9s to det]m9e1 h[ f> ?is ,p[] c p5etrate ?r\gh a dry ,orig9ally-electric2 & h f\nd by repeat$ ,trials1 t ei!r 9 a ,cake ( ,wax alone1 or ( ,wax & ,res9 mix$1 :5 ! ,electricity is v p[]ful1 x has pass$1 ,i say1 9 /raight ,l9es ?r\gh ^! ,cakes ( ! ,?ickness ( #b ,in*es & #d_/aj2 b ,i nev] c\ld make x act ?r\gh "o ( #b ,in*es #h_/aj1 = 9 ?is x 0 p]fectly /opp$4 ,s t ! ,cakes commonly made use ( to /op ! ,electricity1 by be+ too ?91 suff] a consid]able ,quantity ( ! electrical ,p[] to p]vade !m1 & be lo/ 9 ! ,floor4 ,i make no ,d\bt1 if ! electrical ,p[] c\ld be m increas$1 x w\ld p5etrate mu* fur!r ?r\gh ^! ,orig9ally-electric ,bodies4 ,,proposition ,,iii4 ,,electricity1 9 common ) ,light likewise1 :5 its ,=ces are collect$ & a prop] ,direction giv5 !reto ^u a prop] ,object1 produces ,fire & ,flame4 ,,coroll>y4 ,,! ,fire ( ,electricity 7z ,i h be=e obs]v$7 is extremely delicate1 & sets on ,fire1 z f> z ,i h yet exp]i5c$1 only inflammable ,vap\rs4 ,nor is ?is ,flame at all heightn$ by be+ sup]9duc$ ^u an ,iron ,rod1 r$ hot ) co>s] cul9>y ,fire1 z 9 a prece$+ ,exp]im5t2 nor dim9i%$ by be+ direct$ ^u cold ,wat]4 ,h[ev] ,i 0 desir\s ( kn[+1 if ?is ,flame w\ld be effect$ by a /ill great] ,degree ( ,cold2 & 9 ord] to det]m9e ?is1 ,i made an artificial ,cold2 by :i* ! ,m]cury1 9 a v nice ,!rmomet] adju/$ to ,fahr5heit's ,scale1 0 depress$ 9 ab\t #d ,m9utes f #ae ,degrees above ! freez+ ,po9t to #cj ,degrees bel[ x1 t is1 ! ,m]cury fell #de ,degrees4 ,f ?is cold ,mixture1 :5 electrifi$1 ! ,fla%es 7 z p[]ful & ! ,/roke z sm>t z f ! r$ hot ,iron4 ,i c\ld h made ! ,cold m int5se1 b ! above 0 suffici5t = my ,purpose4 ,?is ,exp]im5t seems to indicate1 t ! ,fire ( ,electricity is affect$ nei!r by ! ,pres5ce or ,abs5ce ( o!r ,fire4 ,= z r$ hot ,iron1 by ,sir ,isaac ,newton's ,scale ( ,heat1 is fix$ at #aib ,degrees1 & z ! ,ratio betwe5 ,sir ,isaac's ,degrees & ,fahr5heit's is z #cd to #ahj1 x necess>ily foll[s1 t ! ,diff]5ce ( ,heat betwe5 ! hot ,iron & ! cold ,mixture is #ajdj ,degrees2 & nev]!less ?is va/ ,diff]5ce makes no ,alt]ation 9 ! ,appe>ance ( ! electrical ,flame4 ,we f9d likewise1 t z ! ,fire1 aris+ f ! ,refraction ( ! ,rays ( ,light by a ,l5s1 & br\ght to a ,focus1 is obs]v$ fir/ at "s small ,di/ance f _! ,surfaces1 to set on ,fire combu/ible ,sub/ances2 ! same ,effect1 z ,i h be=e obs]v'd1 is produc$ 9 l ,mann] by electrical ,flame4 ,i ,,may p]haps be ?\ght too m9ute 9 "s ( ! be=e-m5tion$ ,p>ticul>s2 b 9 ,inquiries ab/ruse z ^! are1 :]e we h s little a priori to direct u1 ! greate/ ,att5tion mu/ be _h to e ,circum/ance1 if we are truly desir\s ( inve/igat+ ! ,laws ( ?is surpriz+ ,p[]4 ,=1 z has be5 said ^u ano!r ,occasion by my ev] hon\r$ ,fri5d ,,m>t9 ,,folkes1 ,esq2 our mo/ wor?y ,presid5t1 t ,electricity seems to furni% an inexhau/ible ,fund = ,inquiry2 & sure ,phnom5a s v>i\s & s wond]ful c arise only f ,causes v g5]al & ext5sive1 & su* z mu/ h be5 design$ by ! ,almighty ,au?or ( ,nature = ! ,production ( v great ,effects1 & su* z are ( great ,mom5t to ! ,sy/em ( ! ,univ]se4 ,,if ^! ,obs]vations receive ! ,c\nt5ance ( ?is le>n$ ,society1 ,i %all ?9k myself suffici5tly recomp5s$1 & am1 ,g5tlem51 ) ! highe/ ,e/eem1 y\r mo/ ,ob$i5t humble ,s]vant1 ,w4 ,,watson4 ,,f9is4 ----- ,footnote #a3 ,dr4 ,g[9 ,knight1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,footnote #b3 ,i call ,electrics p] se or orig9ally-electrics1 ^? ,bodies1 9 :i* an attractive ,p[] t[>ds light ,sub/ances is easily excit$ by ,friction2 su* z ,glass1 ,amb]1 ,sulphur1 ,seal+-wax1 & mo/ dry ,p>ts ( ,animals1 z ,silk1 ,hair1 & su* l4 ,i call ,non-electrics or ,conductors ( ,electricity1 ^? ,bodies1 9 :i* ! above ,prop]ty is n at all or v slightly p]ceptible2 su* z ,wood1 ,animals liv+ or dead1 ,metals & vegetable ,sub/ances4 ,see ,gray1 ,du ,fay1 ,desaguli]s1 ,:el]1 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions4 ,footnote #c3 ,page #f4 ,footnote #d3 ,i h con/antly obs]v$1 t ! electrical ,attraction ?r\gh ,glass is mu* m p[]ful1 :5 ! ,glass is made w>m1 ?an :5 cold4 ,?is ,effect may proce$ f a two-fold ,cause3 ,fir/1 w>m ,glass does n cond5se ! ,wat] f ! ,air1 :i* makes ! ,glass1 z has be5 be=e#e demon/rat$1 a ,conductor ( ,electricity3 secondly2 ,z heat enl>ges ! ,dim5sions ( all kn[n ,bodies1 & consequ5tly causes _! con/itu5t ,p>ts to rec$e f ea* o!r1 ! electrical ,effluvia1 pass+ 9 /raight ,l9es1 f9d probably a m ready ,passage ?r\gh _! ,pores4 ,footnote #e3 ,page #ac4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcrib]'s note3 ,all footnotes mov$ to ! end ( ! text4 ,page #e1 ',contract' *ang$ to ',contact1' ! ,contact ( ,non-electrics444 ,page #f1 ',p[]' *ang$ to ',pok]1' ,i susp5d$ a ,pok] 9 silk ,l9es2 ,page #g1 second 'x' /ruck1 if x does444 ,page #i1 'o',clock' rejo9$4 ,page #i1 p]iod add$ to ',e4 ,n4 ,e4' ,page #bb1 'erectifi$' *ang$ to 'electrifi$1' & a ,p]son n electrifi$444 ,page #di1 'x' *ang$ to 'itself1' n ev5 ,gold itself4