,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,fan ,?is edition is limit$ to #dej copies = sale 9 ,europe & ! ,briti% ,dom9ions1 ( :i* ?is is ,no4 #ic4 ,illu/ration3 ,r9aldo 9 ! g>d5 ( ,armida1 ,l\is ,,xv4 sk9 m\nt1 /ick "m ( pe>l1 gu>ds jewell$1 giv5 by ,k+ ,william ,,iv to ,augu/a1 ,du*ess ( ,cambridge left by h] to h] gr&-daught] ,victoria ,m>y4 ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9cess ( ,wales4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,fan ,,by ,g4 ,,woolliscr(t ,,rhead ,r4,e42 ,,hon4 ,a4,r4,c4,a4 ,,lond42 ,,au?or ,,( #8,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,design'2 #8,a ,,h&book ,,( ,,et*+'2 #8,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,drap]y ,,9 ,,art'2 #8,,/udies ,,9 ,,plant ,,=m'2 #8,,*ats ,,on ,,co/ume1' ,,etc42 ,,jo9t ,,au?or ,,( #8,,/af=d%ire ,,pots ,,& ,,pott]s'2 #8,,briti% ,,pott]y ,,m>ks' ,illu/ration ,,london ,,kegan ,,paul1 ,,tr5*1 ,,tr,,bn] ,,co4 ,,ltd4 ,,dryd5 ,,h\se1 ,,g]r>d ,,/reet1 ,w4 #aiaj ,ed9burgh3 ,t4 & ,a4 ,,con/able1 ,pr9t]s to ,8 ,maje/y ,,d$icat$ 7,,by ,,graci\s ,,p]mission7 ,,to ,,h] ,,royal ,,highness ,,! ,,pr9cess ,,( ,,wales ,,publi%]s' ,,note ,! majority ( ! blocks 9 ?is "w 7 made direct f ! actual ,fans by ,messrs4 ,,john ,,swa9 ,,& ,,sons1 to :om ! ,publi%]s are indebt$ = ! skill & +5uity ) :i* !y h ov]come ! _m special difficulties incid5tal n only to ! subjects !mselves1 b to ! conditions "u :i* _m ( ^? 9 private h\ses _h to be reproduc$4 ,! ,col\r ,plates are pr9t$ by ,messrs4 ,,edmund ,,evans4 ,! block ( ! ,fan ,m\nt by ,,rosa ,,bonheur 0 made by ,mr4 ,f4 ,,j5k9s 9 ,p>is4 ,! block ( ! ,japanese ,fan ,m\nt1 ,! ,tamagawa ,riv]1 is by ! ,,gr\t ,,engrav+ ,,company4 ,! li?ograph ( ,bac*us & ,ariadne is by ,messrs4 ,,m>t91 ,,hood ,,& ,,l>k94 ,,preface ,illu/ration ,x is1 p]haps1 a little s+ul> t up to ! pres5t no "w mak+ any pret5sion to complet5ess has appe>$ 9 ,engli% deal+ ) t little in/rum5t s intimately associat$ ) bo? civil & religi\s life ( ! pa/1 ! ,fan4 ,ev5 on ! ,cont95t ! lit]ature ( ! ,fan is exce$+ly scanty4 ,m4 ,blondel's "w1 ,hi/oire des v5tails1 publi%$ 9 #ahge1 is b sp>sely illu/rat$1 & is ma9ly bas$ ^u ! rese>*es ( ,m4 ,natalis ,rondot1 ^: ,rapport sur les objets de ,p>ure 0 und]tak5 at ! in/ance ( ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t 9 #ahed4 ,an ,engli% translation ( ,m4 ,octave ,uzanne's brilliant sket* appe>$ 9 #ahhd1 & is unillu/rat$ except by fanciful bord] designs2 :ile ,lady ,*>lotte ,s*reib]'s /ately tomes & ,mrs4 ,salwey's ,fans ( ,japan deal only ) m or less isolat$ portions ( ! subject4 ,^!1 toge!r ) ,d] ,f*]1 by ,georg ,buss1 appe>+ 9 #aijd1 "o or two illu/rat$ catalogues & a few desultory magaz9e articles1 =m ! sum-total ( ! ,fan's lit]ature4 ,?is paucity ( book mat]ial1 & ! g5]al abs5ce ( in=mation among/ individuals1 is at once an advantage & a disadvantage4 ,i h 9 deal+ ) ?is subject su* b5efits z ! break+ ( new gr\nd gives2 ,i h at ! same "t to cont5d ) ! difficulty ( collect+ in=mation f s\rces s scatt]$1 & 9 _m in/ances s obscure4 ,to ! works above m5tion$1 :i* inde$ h be5 mo/ helpful1 x is only ju/ice to add ! admirable article on #8,les ,disques crucifres1 le ,flabellum1 et l',umbella1' 9 ,la ,revue de l',art ,*rti51 by ,m4 ,*>les de ,l9as2 ! sp>kl+ & ent]ta9+ #8,hi/ory on ,fans' by ,h5ri ,b\*ot 9 ,art & ,lett]s = #ahhc2 an excell5t article on ,*9ese ,fans by ,h4 ,a4 ,giles 9 ,fras]'s ,magaz9e = ,may #ahgi2 articles 9 v>i\s publications by ,,mm4 ,paul ,mantz & ,*>les ,blanc2 all ^! ,i h freely us$1 & gladly ackn[l$ge my indebt$ness4 ,b1 s9ce x is sc>cely possible1 9 a subject cov]+ su* an ext5d$ area1 to avoid inaccuracies ( "s sort1 ,i mu/ endeav\r to =e/all any possible criticism by say+ t no pa9s h be5 sp>$ to r5d] ! book z free f errors z may be4 ,z to ! l9e illu/rations1 !y mu/ be consid]$ m]ely diagrammatic1 & n 9 any s5se reali/ic repres5tations ( ! v>i\s objects4 ,i welcome ?is opportunity ( mak+ :at is an unusually long li/ ( ackn[l$gm5ts ( help receiv$4 ,fir/ly1 to my ,publi%]s = _! ent]prise1 ! admirable mann] 9 :i* ! book is produc$1 & = _! uni=m c\rtesy4 ,secondly1 to ! _m own]s ( fans1 ^! includ+ ! mo/ exalt$ p]sonages1 :o h s g5]\sly respond$ to my invitation to l5d _! fragile treasures4 ,my ?anks are also due to ! (ficials ( ! v>i\s ,museums1 ^? ( ! ,pr9t ,room ( ! ,briti%1 & ! ,national ,art ,libr>y1 ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museums2 to ,sir ,c4 ,purdon ,cl>ke1 ,c4,i4,e41 ,f4,s4,a41 & 8 son1 ,mr4 ,/anley ,cl>ke ( ! ,india ,museum2 ,dr4 ,pet] ,jess5 ( ! ,kun/gew]be ,museum1 ,b]l92 ,pr(essor ,pazaurek1 ,/uttg>t2 ,dr4 ,hans ,w4 ,s+]2 to ,sir ,george ,birdwood1 ,k4,c4,i4,e41 ,c4,s4,i41 :o has k9dly read ! ?ree *apt]s on anci5t fans2 to ,pr(essor ,w4 ,m4 ,fl9d]s ,petrie1 ,d4,c4,l42 ,mr4 ,w4 ,holman ,hunt1 ,o4,m41 ,r4,w4,s42 ,sir ,l4 ,alma-,tadema1 ,o4,m41 ,r4,a42 ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,fo/]1 ,d4,c4,l42 ! ,cl]k ( ! ,wor%ipful ,company ( ,fanmak]s2 ! ,libr>ian at ,welbeck2 ,mr4 ,wilson ,crewdson2 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h>d+ ,smi?2 ,mr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,behr5s2 ,mr4 ,r4 ,ph5 ,spi]s2 ,mr4 ,g4 ,f4 ,claus52 ,mr4 ,j4 ,ettl+]2 ,mons4 ,j4 ,duvell]oy2 ,mr4 ,h4 ,granville ,fell2 ,mr4 ,frank ,brangwyn1 ,a4,r4,a42 ,mr4 ,talbot ,hughes2 ,mr4 ,frank ,falkn]1 = help 9 v>i\s ways2 & la/1 ?\gh by no means lea/1 to ,mrs4 ,e4 ,p4 ,m$ley1 = mo/ valuable assi/ance 9 translation4 ,,london1 #aiji4 ,g4 ,,woolliscr(t ,,rhead4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface ix ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations xiii ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,uses ,,( ,,! ,,fan #a ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,anci5ts #aj ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,f> ,,ea/ #cc ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,fans ,,( ,,primitive ,,peoples #gg ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,flabellum ,,& ,,e>ly ,,fea!r-,,fan #hg ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,pa9t$ ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,& ,,eighte5? ,,c5turies 7,,italian ,,& ,,spani%7 #ajg ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,pa9t$ ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,& ,,eighte5? ,,c5turies 7,,fr5*7 #ach ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,pa9t$ ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,& ,,eighte5? ,,c5turies 7,,engli%1 ,,dut*1 ,,flemi%1 ,,& ,,g]man7 #agf ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,engrav$ ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,& ,,eighte5? ,,c5turies4 ,,"p ,i4 #bjd ,,*apt] ,x ,,engrav$ ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,& ,,eighte5? ,,c5turies4 ,,"p ,,ii4 #bcb ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,mod]n ,,& ,,pres5t-,,day ,,fans #bgb ,,index #cja ,illu/ration3 ,,peacock-,,fea!r ,,fan4 7,f a ,japanese ,pa9t+4 ,briti% ,museum47 ,illu/ration ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,col\r #a4 ,,r9aldo ,,9 ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,( ,,armida4 ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,h4,r4,h4 ,,! ,,pr9cess ,,( ,,wales ,frontispiece ,,to ,,face ,,page #b4 ,a ,,conc]t4 ,,dut*4 ,h4,r4,h4 ,,pr9cess ,,l\ise1 ,,du*ess ,,( ,,argyll #a #c4 ,,la ,,danse1 ,,aft] ,,lancret4 ,,dr4 ,,law ,,adam #h #d4 ,,sea ,,nymphs4 ,,italian4 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,,burdett-,,c\tts1 ,m4,p4 #bg #e4 ,,! ,,rape ,,( ,,hel54 #8,,v]nis ,,m>t94' ,,lady ,,l9dsay #cj #f4 ,,*9ese ,,fan4 ,,filigree ,,& ,,enamel4 ,,mr4 ,m4 ,,tomk9son #df #g4 ,,*9ese ,,fan4 ,,r$ ,,lacqu]4 ,,miss ,,moss #ec #h4 ,,hotei ,,& ,,! ,,*ildr54 ,by ,,kan-,,%-,,yei1 #aeia4 ,,mr4 ,,wilson ,,crewdson4 #fg #i4 ,,! ,,tamagawa ,,riv]4 ,by ,,kan ,,san ,,raku4 ,,mr4 ,,wilson ,,crewdson #fh #aj4 ,,cut ,,vellum ,,fan4 ,,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,,messel #ajg #aa4 ,,fan ,,m\nt4 ,,bac*us ,,& ,,ariadne4 ,,mrs4 ,,bruce-,,john/on ,betwe5 pages #abb & #abc #ab4 ,,piazza ,,( ,,/4 ,,m>k4 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,,burdett-,,c\tts1 ,m4,p4 #abe #ac4 ,,spani% ,,fan ,,pa9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,*9ese ,,ta/e4 ,,lady ,,l9dsay #abg #ad4 ,,pa/orelle4 ,,spani%4 ,h4,s4,h4 ,,pr9cess ,,victor ,,( ,,hoh5lohe-,,lang5burg #acb #ae4 ,,bull ,,fights4 ,,spani%4 ,,lady ,,nor?cliffe #acd #af4 ,,pa/orelle4 ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,,wyatt ,,collection1 ,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum #ach #ag4 ,,mom5s ,,musicals4 #8,,v]nis ,,m>t94' ,,mr4 ,,leopold ,,de ,,ro?s*ild1 ,c4,v4,o4 #adb #ah4 ,,! ,,rape ,,( ,,hel54 #8,,v]nis ,,m>t94' ,,lady ,,nor?cliffe #aeh #ai4 ,,dido ,,& ,,neas4 ,,mrs4 ,,bis*(f%eim4 ,fac+ rev]se ( same ,fan betwe5 pages #afb & #afc #bj4 #8,,cabriolet' ,,fan4 ,,lady ,,nor?cliffe #afd #ba4 ,,directoire ,,& ,,empire ,,fans4 ,,miss ,,e!l ,,trav]s ,,birdwood1 ,,& ,,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,,messel1 ,,fac+ #8,,sans ,g,,ne' ,,& ,,empire ,,fans betwe5 pages #agj & #aga #bb4 ,,telema*us ,,& ,,calypso4 ,,! ,,d[ag] ,,m>*ioness ,,( ,,bri/ol #agf #bc4 ,,w$d+ ,,fan4 ,directoire4 ,,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,,messel #ahh #bd4 ,,w$d+ ,,fan4 ,h4,r4,h4 ,,pr9cess ,,h5ry ,,( ,,batt5b]g #bgb #be4 ,,le ,,c]f ,,de ,,/4 ,,hub]t4 ,,by ,,rosa ,,bonheur4 ,m4 ,,georges ,,ca9 #bhj #bf4 ,,! ,,r$ ,,fan4 ,,conv]sations ,,galantes4 ,,by ,,*>les ,,cond]4 ,,mr4 ,,john ,,lane #bid #bg4 ,,! ,,blue ,,fan4 ,,by ,,frank ,,brangwyn1 ,a4,r4,a4 #bif ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,half-,,tone #bh4 ,,le ,,bal ,d',,am\rs4 ,h4,r4,h4 ,,pr9cess ,,l\ise1 ,,du*ess ,,( ,,argyll #b #bi4 ,,hommages ,,(f]$ ,,to ,,madame ,,de ,,pompad\r4 ,,mrs4 ,,bruce-,,john/on #f #cj4 ,,egyptian ,,fan ,,h&les4 ,,briti% ,,museum #ad #ca4 ,,t]ra-,,cotta ,,/atuettes 0 #bh #cb4 ,,an ,,ea/]n ,,pot5tate ,,tak+ ,,tea4 ,,mrs4 ,,hung]=d ,,poll5 #cc #cc4 ,,indian ,,fly-,,:isks ,,& ,,peacock ,,emblem ,,( ,,royalty4 ,,india ,,museum #ch #cd4 ,,l>ge ,,h&-,,fan ,,( ,,s&alwood4 ,,mrs4 ,,hung]=d ,,poll5 #da #ce4 ,,flag ,,& ,,palm-,,leaf ,,fans4 ,,india ,,museum #db #cf4 ,,*9ese ,,fan4 ,,filigree ,,& ,,enamel4 ,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum #dh #cg4 ,,h&-,,scre51 ,,front ,,& ,,rev]se4 ,,mr4 ,,wilson ,,crewdson #ej #ch4 ,,lacqu]$ ,,fan4 ,,lady ,,nor?cliffe #ed ,,c>v$ ,,ivory ,,fan ,,) ,,! ,,"n ,,angela4 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,,burdett-,,c\tts1 ,m4,p4 #ed #ci4 ,,*9ese ,,fan ,,) ,,ivory ,,m9iatures4 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,,burdett-,,c\tts1 ,m4,p4 #ef #dj4 ,,*9ese ,,fea!r-,,fan 7,,argus ,,pheasant7 ,,) ,,case4 ,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum #ei #da4 ,,netsuki 7,,dai ,,t5gu74 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,behr5s #fj ,,camp-,,fan ,,( ,,eagle ,,fea!rs4 ,,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,,messel #fj ,,dagg]-,,fan4 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,behr5s #fj #db4 ,,suye ,,hiro ,,ogi 7,wide ,end7 ,op5 & ,clos$4 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,,h>d+ ,,smi? #fc #dc4 ,,akom ,,ogi 7,,c\rt-,,fan74 ,,mr4 ,,wilson ,,crewdson #fd ,,w> ,,fan 7,,gun ,,s574 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,,h>d+ ,,smi? #fd #dd4 ,,f\r ,,w> ,,fans 7,,gumbai ,,u*iwa74 ,,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,,messel1 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,,h>d+ ,,smi?1 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,,behr5s #fi #de4 ,,w> ,,fans 7,,gun ,,s574 ,,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,,messel ,,& ,,mr4 ,w4 ,,h>d+ ,,smi? #gb #df4 ,,mod]n ,,japanese ,,fans4 ,,ivory ,,) ,,gilt ,,lacqu] ,,& ,,pa9t$ ,,fan ,,sign$ #8,,kunihisa4' ,,mr4 ,m4 ,,tomk9son #gd #dg4 ,,?ree ,,*,,kei4 ,,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,,messel #gf #dh4 ,,palm-,,leaf ,,& ,,hide ,,fans4 ,,briti% ,,museum #gg #di4 ,,palm ,,fans1 ,,cockade ,,inscription ,,fan1 ,,fly-,,:isks 7,,tahiti71 ,,& ,,nor? ,,am]ican ,,indian ,,fan4 ,,briti% ,,museum #hb #ej4 ,,! ,,t\rnam5t4 ,,by ,a4 ,,moreau4 ,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum #hg #ea4 ,,flabellum ,,( ,,t\rnus4 ,,museo ,,nazionale1 ,,flor5ce ,fac+ ea* o!r #eb4 0 0 0 ,,details betwe5 pages #ij & #ia #ec4 ,,ivory ,,fan ,,& ,,flabella ,,h&les4 ,,briti% ,,museum ,,& ,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum #ib #ed4 ,,fan ,,( ,,que5 ,,!odol9da4 ,,ca!dral ,,( ,,monza #if #ee4 ,,coptic ,,flag-,,fans4 ,k,,nigl4 ,,museum1 ,,b]l9 #ih #ef4 ,,que5 ,,anne ,,fea!r-,,scre54 ,,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,,messel #ajb #eg4 ,d,,c\p ,,fan4 ,,mus,e ,,de ,,cluny #aji #eh4 ,,fan ,,( ,,mica4 ,,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,,messel #aaj #ei4 ,,v5us ,,& ,,adonis4 ,,by ,,leon>do ,,g]mo4 ,,wyatt ,,collection1 ,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum #aad #fj4 ,,an ,,emb>cation4 ,,mrs4 ,,hamilton ,,smy! #aaf ,,cupid',s ,,hive4 ,,! ,,d[ag] ,,m>*ioness ,,( ,,bri/ol #aaf #fa4 ,,! ,,triumph ,,( ,,bac*us4 ,,lady ,,nor?cliffe #aah ,,bac*us ,,& ,,ariadne4 ,,lady ,,nor?cliffe #aah #fb4 ,,! ,,m>riage ,,( ,,cupid ,,& ,,psy*e4 ,,mr4 ,,frank ,,falkn] #aba #fc4 ,a ,,sacrifice4 ,,mrs4 ,,bruce-,,john/on4 ,fac+ ! ,col\r ,plate ( ,bac*us & ,ariadne ,betwe5 pages #abb & #abc #fd4 ,,r9aldo ,,9 ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,( ,,armida4 ,,miss ,,moss #abi ,,capture ,,( ,,! ,,bale>ic ,,isl&s4 ,,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,,messel #abi #fe4 ,,betro?al ,,( ,,l\is ,,xvi4 ,,) ,,m>ie-,,anto9ette4 ,,mrs4 ,,frank ,w4 ,,gibson 7,,eug,,nie ,,joa*im7 #acj #ff4 ,,spangl$ ,,fan4 ,spani%4 ,,mr4 ,,talbot ,,hughes #acf ,f,,te ,,de ,l',,agriculture1 #agih4 ,,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,,messel #acf #fg4 ,,la ,,danse1 ,,& ,,pa/orelle4 ,,du*ess ,,( ,,portl& #ada #fh4 ,,pa/orelle1 ,,aft] ,,lancret4 ,h4,r4,h4 ,,pr9cess ,,l\ise1 ,,du*ess ,,( ,,argyll #add #fi4 ,,act,,on ,,fan4 ,,mus,e ,,de ,,cluny #adf #gj4 ,,cephalus ,,& ,,aurora4 ,,mrs4 ,,bis*(f%eim #adh ,,v]nis ,,m>t94 ,,mrs4 ,f4 ,r4 ,,palm] #adh #ga4 ,a ,,pa/orelle1 ,,) ,,two ,,portrait ,,m$allions4 ,,wyatt ,,collection1 ,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum #aej #gb4 ,,! ,,p>t+ ,,( ,,hel5 ,,& ,,&roma*e4 ,,! ,,d[ag] ,,m>*ioness ,,( ,,bri/ol #aec #gc4 ,,battoir ,,fan4 ,,! ,,d[ag] ,,m>*ioness ,,( ,,bri/ol #aed #gd4 ,f,,te ,,*amp,,tre4 #8,,v]nis ,,m>t94' ,,wyatt ,,collection1 ,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum #aef #ge4 ,,bel%azz>',s ,,fea/4 ,,metropolitan ,,museum1 ,,new ,,york #afj #gf4 ,,build+ ,,( ,,! ,,place ,,l\is ,,xv4 ,,! ,,d[ag] ,,m>*ioness ,,( ,,bri/ol #afb #gg4 ,,dido ,,& ,,neas4 ,,rev]se4 ,,mrs4 ,,bis*(f%eim4 ,fac+ ! ,col\r ,plate ( same ,fan ,betwe5 pages #afb & #afc #gh4 #8,,cabriolet' ,,fan4 ,,! ,,d[ag] ,,m>*ioness ,,( ,,bri/ol ,fac+ ea* o!r #gi4 00 00 00 00 betwe5 pages #afd & #afe #hj4 ,,w$d+ ,,fan4 ,,! ,,c\ntess ,,( ,,brad=d ,fac+ ea* o!r #ha4 0 0 ,,lady ,,l9dsay betwe5 pages #aff & #afg #hb4 ,,/ick ,,( ,,m>ie-,,anto9ette ,,fan4 ,,mus,e ,,du ,,l\vre #afi #hc4 ,,sans ,g,,ne ,,& ,,empire ,,fans4 ,,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,,messel4 ,fac+ ,col\r ,plate ( ,directoire & ,sans ,gne ,fans ,betwe5 pages #agj & #aga #hd4 #8,,lorgnette' ,,fans4 ,,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,,messel #agc #he4 ,,spangl$ ,,gauze ,,fans4 ,,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,,messel #age #hf4 ,a ,,london ,,fan ,,%op4 ,,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,,messel #agh ,,! ,,surr5d] ,,( ,,malta4 ,,mrs4 ,,hung]=d ,,poll5 #agh #hg4 ,f,,tes ,,on ,,! ,,occasion ,,( ,,! ,,m>riage ,,( ,,! ,,dauph94 ,,wyatt ,,collection1 ,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum #ahj ,,engli% ,,fan4 ,,! ,,visit4 ,,collection ,,( ,,b>oness ,,mey] ,,de ,,ro?s*ild #ahj #hh4 ,,engli% ,,fan ,,) ,,m$allions ,,aft] ,,cosway4 ,,wyatt ,,collection1 ,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum #ahb #hi4 ,,ivory ,,empire ,,fan4 ,,lady ,,nor?cliffe #ahd ,,spangl$ ,,fan ,,) ,,pa9t$ ,,m$allions4 ,,mrs4 ,,frank ,w4 ,,gibson #ahd #ij4 ,,w$d+ ,,fan4 ,,mrs4 ,,hawk9s #ahf ,,/4 ,,pet]',s1 ,,rome4 ,,by ,j4 ,,g\py4 ,,dr4 ,,law ,,adam #ahf #ia4 ,,e>ly ,,dut* ,,fan4 ,,! ,,d[ag] ,,m>*ioness ,,( ,,bri/ol #aij #ib4 ,,antony ,,& ,,cleopatra4 ,,dut*4 ,,miss ,,moss ,fac+ ea* o!r #ic4 ,,an ,,emb>cation4 ,,dut*4 ,m4 ,j4 ,,duvell]oy betwe5 pages #aib & #aic #id4 ,,dut* ,,fan ,,) ,,head ,,on ,,/ick4 ,,sir ,l4 ,,alma-,,tadema1 ,o4,m41 ,r4,a4 #aid #ie4 ,,an ,,(f]+ ,,to ,,c]es4 ,h4,r4,h4 ,,pr9cess ,,l\ise1 ,,du*ess ,,( ,,argyll #aif #if4 ,,dut* ,,fan 7,d,,c\p74 ,,mrs4 ,,davies-,,gilb]t #aih ,,dut* ,,fan ,,) #8,,pagoda' ,,/ick4 ,,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,,messel #aih #ig4 ,,m$allion ,,fan4 ,g]man4 ,,giv5 ,,by ,h4,r4,h4 ,,! ,,duke ,,( ,,coburg ,,to ,h4,r4,h4 ,,! ,,pr9cess ,,victoria1 #ahcf4 ,h4,r4,h4 ,,pr9cess ,,l\ise1 ,,du*ess ,,( ,,argyll #bjj #ih4 ,,g]man ,,fan4 ,,giv5 ,,by ,h4,r4,h4 ,,! ,,pr9ce ,,consort ,,to ,,que5 ,,victoria #bjj 0 0 ,,l&esgew]be ,,museum1 ,,/uttg>t #bjj #ii4 ,,two ,,g]man ,,fans4 ,,kun/gew]be ,,museum1 ,,b]l9 #bjb #ajj4 ,,engrav$ ,,h&-,,scre54 ,a4 ,,c>racci4 ,,s*reib] ,,collection1 ,,briti% ,,museum #bjd 0 0 0 ,c4 ,f4 ,h,,rman4 00 00 #bjd #aja4 ,f,,te ,,on ,,! ,,arno1 #8,,v5tail ,,de ,,callot4' ,,briti% ,,museum #bjf #ajb4 ,,grotesque ,,fan1 ,,/yle ,,( ,,callot4 ,,biblio?,,que ,,nationale1 ,,p>is #bjh #ajc4 ,,! ,,f\r ,,ages4 ,,abraham ,,bosse #baj #ajd4 ,,title-,,page4 ,ni*olas ,,loire4 ,,s*reib] ,,collection1 ,,briti% ,,museum #bab ,,la ,,coquette4 ,,biblio?,,que ,,nationale1 ,,p>is #bab #aje4 ,,tak+ ,,( ,,! ,,ba/ille4 ,,s*reib] ,,collection1 ,,briti% ,,museum #bad ,,duc ,d',,orleans4 ,,miss ,,moss #bad #ajf4 ,,abolition ,,( ,,! ,,slave-,,trade4 ,,biblio?,,que ,,nationale1 ,,p>is #bbb #8,,cabriolet' ,,fan4 ,,s*reib] ,,collection1 ,,briti% ,,museum #bbb #ajg4 ,,napoleon ,,%[s ,,8 ,,troops ,,! ,,*annel4 ,,biblio?,,que ,,nationale1 ,,p>is #bbd #ajh4 ,,project$ ,,invasion ,,( ,,engl&1 #ahjc4 ,,biblio?,,que ,,nationale1 ,,p>is #bbf #aji4 ,,m>riage ,,( ,,napoleon4 ,,biblio?,,que ,,nationale1 ,,p>is #bbh ,,adv5ture ,,9 ,,russia4 ,,s*reib] ,,collection1 ,,briti% ,,museum #bbh #aaj4 ,a ,,new ,,game ,,( ,,piquet4 ,,s*reib] ,,collection1 ,,briti% ,,museum #bcb #aaa4 ,,! ,,motion4 ,,s*reib] ,,collection1 ,,briti% ,,museum #bcf ,,! ,,new ,,nassau ,,fan4 ,,s*reib] ,,collection1 ,,briti% ,,museum #bcf #aab4 ,,! ,,h>lot',s ,,progress4 ,,mr4 ,c4 ,,fairfax ,,murray #bch #aac4 ,,visit ,,( ,,george ,,iii4 ,,to ,,! ,,royal ,,academy4 ,,mr4 ,f4 ,,p]igal #bdf #aad4 ,,mr4 ,,?omas ,,osborne',s ,,duck-,,hunt+4 ,,s*reib] ,,collection1 ,,briti% ,,museum #beb #aae4 ,,! ,,trial ,,( ,,w>r5 ,,ha/+s4 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,,burdett-,,c\tts1 ,m4,p4 #beh ,,! ,,p>ades ,,( ,,ba?4 ,,mr4 ,w4 ,,burdett-,,c\tts1 ,m4,p4 #beh #aaf4 ,a ,,trip ,,to ,,gretna4 ,,s*reib] ,,collection1 ,,briti% ,,museum #bfd #8,,b>tolozzi' ,,fan4 ,,mrs4 ,,frank ,w4 ,,gibson 7,,eug,,nie ,,joa*im7 #bfd #aag4 ,,miss ,,*>lotte ,,yonge',s ,,fan4 ,,miss ,,moss #bgd ,,fan ,,( ,,asses' ,,sk94 ,,miss ,,moss #bgd #aah4 ,,pa9t$ ,,ivory ,,bris ,,fan4 ,,mr4 ,,leopold ,,de ,,ro?s*ild1 ,c4,v4,o4 #bgf ,,portuguese ,,fan4 ,,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,e!r+ton-,,smi? #bgf #aai4 ,,lace ,,m\nt4 ,,y\ghal ,,co-,,op]ative ,,lace ,,society #bgh ,,an ,,entomologi/4 ,,c\ntess ,,granville #bgh #abj4 ,,cocks ,,& ,,h5s4 ,,claudius ,,popel94 ,,mus,e ,,des ,,arts ,d,,coratifs1 ,,p>is #bhb #aba4 ,,autograph ,,fan4 ,,sir ,,lawr5ce ,,alma-,,tadema1 ,o4,m41 ,r4,a4 #bhd 0 0 ,,japanese4 ,,mr4 ,,frank ,,brangwyn1 ,a4,r4,a4 #bhd #abb4 ,,lace ,,fan ,,pres5t$ ,,to ,,que5 ,,alex&ra ,,= ,,use ,,at ,,coronation4 ,,h] ,,maje/y ,,! ,,que5 #bhf #abc4 ,,fea!r-,,fan4 ,h4,r4,h4 ,,! ,,pr9cess ,,( ,,wales #bhi #abd4 ,,! ,,meet4 ,,by ,,*>les ,,detaille4 ,m4 ,j1 ,,duvell]oy #bij #abe4 ,,lace ,,fan4 ,,by ,,alex&re4 ,,victoria ,,& ,,alb]t ,,museum ,to face ea* o!r betwe5 #abf4 ,,lace ,,fan4 ,m4 ,j4 ,,duvell]oy pages #bib & #bid #abg4 ,,design ,,= ,,fan4 ,,by ,,frank ,,brangwyn1 ,a4,r4,a4 #bih ,a ,,g>l& ,,( ,,*ildr54 ,,by ,g4 ,,woolliscr(t ,,rhead #bih ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,l9e ,,page ,fea!r-fan1 ,nimr\d ix ,peacock-fea!r ,fan xii ,head-piece xiii ,initial--,boy ) ,fan #a ,tea-fan #i ,initial--,vulture ) ,emblem ( ,protection #aj ,fire-fan1 ,colombia #ab ,portuguese #8,abano' #ab ,plait$ ,h&-fan1 ,egyptian #ac ,h&-fan1 ,egyptian #ac ,h&-fan1 ,egyptian #ad ,fly-:isk1 ,egyptian #ad ,c]emonial ,fans--f ,rosell9i #ae 0 0 #af ,inve/iture ( ! ,(fice ( ,fan-be>] #ag ,umbrella or ,canopy ( ,*>iot ( ,rameses ,,iii4 #ai ,initial--,assyrian ,fly-:isk #bj ,assyrian & ,p]sian ,fly-:isks #ba ,cov]s ( ,fly-:isks #ba ,tail-piece--f an ,assyrian relief #bf ,initial--,greek ,girl ) ,fan #bg ,greek ,fans #bh ,greek ,girl ) ,fan #cj ,tail-piece--,girl ) ,fan #cb ,initial--f pr9t$ ,cotton ,hang+1 ,india #cc ,c+alese ,ssata #cg ,fly-:isk--f an illum9ation #ch 0 f a pa9t+ on talc1 ,madras #ch ,emblem ( ,royalty #ci ,royal ,/&>ds #dj ,h&-fan #da ,plait$-,grass ,fan #da ,flag-fan #da ,talapat ,fan & ,pankhs #db ,burmese ,fan ( ,gold #dc ,portion ( ,embroid]$ ,musl9 7,*amba1 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury7 #dd ,fly-:isk us$ by ,ja9s #de ,circul> ,fan1 #8,l ! ,moon' #df ,fan ( ,hsi ,wang ,mu 7,japanese ,pa9t+1 ,briti% ,museum7 #dg ,fan ( ,m+ ,dyna/y 7,pa9t+1 ,briti% ,museum7 #dg ,:ite ,plum$ ,fan ( ,hsi ,wang ,mu #dh ,two ,pe>-%ap$ ,scre5s #di ,initial--,japanese #fj ,fea!r-fan1 ,japanese ,pa9t+ #fa ,h&-scre51 0 0 #fa ,fly-:isk1 ,upp] ,nile #gg ,plait$ ,fans1 ,s\? ,pacific ,isl&s #gi ,plait$ ,fans1 ,hawaiian #hj ,v>i\s ,fans1 ,samoa #ha 0 ,briti% ,guiana #ha 0 ,ecuador & ,p]u #ha 0 ,s\?-,ea/]n ,pacific #ha ,flag-fan1 ,we/ ,africa #hc ,fly-:isk1 ,&aman ,isl&s #he 0 ,tahiti #he 0 ,matabele #hf 0 ,ea/ ,african #hf ,angel ) ,flabellum #hg ,processional ,flabellum #hh ,coptic ,flabellum #hi ,flabellum1 f ,greek ,psalt] #ic 0 f ,go> #id 0 ,monza #if ,flag-fan1 f ,vatican 7a glass vase7 #ih ,bann]-fan1 f ivory dipti* #ii ,gho/-fan1 ,malay ,ar*ipelago #ajf ,fan ( ,f]r>a1 or ,duck's-foot #ajg ,fragm5ts ( ,fan f ,*teau de ,pi]re #aji ,small ,rigid ,fans1 #aeij #aji ,fea!r-fan1 ,milan #aaj ,diagram ( p>ts ( ,fold+-fan #aaf ,rigid ,scre5 ( ,bologna1 #aeij #abg ,fan ( ,rice-/raw1 ,fifte5? ,c5tury #ach ,dim5sions ( ,fans1 #aeej-aghj #adh ,japanese ,lady's ,c\rt-fan #age ,long-h&l$ ,fea!r-fan #agf ,o/ri*-fea!r ,fold+-fan1 ,am/]dam #aif ,flag-fan1 ,titian #bjd ,ivory ,fan1 ,madras1 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury #bca ,plait$ ,fan #bcb ,hide-fan1 f ,b59 #bga ,que5 ,kapiolani's ,fan #bgb ,f a ,*9ese ,scre51 ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum #bii ,illu/ration3 ,a ,conc]t4 ,dut*1 #agbj-cj1 giv5 by ! ,duke ( ,cobury to ,pr9cess ,victoria 7aft]w>ds ,que57 9 #ahcf1 f ! collection ( ,fans at ,go?a4 ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess ,l\ise1 ,du*ess ( ,argyll4 ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,uses ,,( ,,! ,,fan ,9 ! beg9n+1 be=e ! human adv5t1 :5 ! e>? 0 peopl$ only by ! ,immortals1 a bright son 0 born to ,aurora1 ^: s(t & agreeable brea? 0 z honey 9 ! m\? ( ! gods1 & ! beat+ ( ^: gossam] w+s imp>t$ a delici\s coolness to ! air1 mod]at+ ! heat ( summ]1 & provid+ ! fir/ sugge/ion (1 & occasion =1 ! da9ty little play?+ we h "u consid]ation1 some:at waggi%ly describ$ z a k9d ( w9d in/rum5t1 n1 p]haps1 s mu* to be play$ ^u z to be play$ )1 & invaluable z assi/+ to foll[ out ! wise/ ( ! ,sage's maxims :5 he bids u keep cool4 ,?is delicate toy1 ?is airy creation ( gauze1 ivory1 & pa9t1 frail & fragile almo/ z ! fl[]s kiss$ by ,aurora's son1 end[$ app>5tly ) ! gift ( p]petual y\?1 may claim a l9eage old] ?an ! ,pyramids2 hav+ its orig9 & be+ 9 ! infancy ( ! _w1 be=e ! bir? ( hi/ory1 9 t gold5 age :5 life 0 a p]petual summ]1 & c>e 0 n1 :5 all 0 concord & h>mony1 & old age1 long protract$1 0 dissolv$ 9 a s]5e slumb]1 & waft$ to ! mansions ( ! gods1 ! regions ( et]nal love & enjoym5t4 ,x 0 9 ^! halcyon days t ! human family sat 9 its palm groves1 :i* af=d$ n only refre%+ %ade1 dur+ ! h\rs :5 ! sun is at its height1 b also provid$ ! precursor ( ?is #8,s]vant ( ,zephyrus'--s]v+ fur!r to temp] ^? beams :i* are ! s\rce ( all life1 & light1 & music1 = are n all ! le>n$ agre$ ) ! late ,mr4 ,george ,augu/us ,sala1 t if a ?orn 0 ! fir/ ne$le1 d\btless a palm leaf 0 ! fir/ fan8 #8,b5ea? ?is %ade ! we>y peasant lies1 ,plucks ! broad leaf1 & bids ! breezes rise4'#a ,! poets1 h[ev]1 :o lay claim r to inspiration ?an to ! dry bones ( m]e le>n+1 supply u ) _m fanciful sugge/ions z to ! fan's orig9--a ,spani% /ory 7duly told on a pr9t$ fan7 has x t ! fir/ fan 0 a w+ :i* ,cupid tore f ! back ( ,zephyrus = ! purpose ( fann+ ,psy*e z %e lay a-sleep+ on h] b$ ( roses4 ,a qua9t1 ?\gh some:at inconsequ5t1 conceit is t ( ! ,fr5* eighte5?-c5tury poet1 ,augu/9 de ,piis1 quot$ by ,m4 ,uzanne 9 8 "w on ! fan1 9 :i* ,cupid1 at an inopportune mom5t1 surprises ! ,graces1 :o 7 z mu* emb>rass$ z ! god 0 delight$--to hide _! confusion1 ) ! h& t 0 unemploy$1 !y endeav\r$ to cov] up bo? eyes by spread+ ! f+]s4 #8,& soon ,dan ,cupid 0 aw>e ,t ?\gh !y veil$ _! eyes1 betwe5 ,! f+]s ( t ,trio fair ,himself 0 v cle>ly se52 ,on :i* 8 little curly head ,deeply to m$itate began1 ,till f _! fair h&s ?us outspread ,he took 8 fir/ h9t = ! ,fan4' ,illu/ration3 ,le ,bal d',am\rs1 by ,a4 ,sold1 rev]se1 a gr\p ( cupids4 /ick "m ( pe>l4 ,f ,que5 ,victoria's collection4 ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess ,l\ise1 ,du*ess ( ,argyll4 ,:e!r we accept ?is explanation or n1 & :atev] circum/ances att5d$ ! orig9 ( ! fan1 x is abundantly cle> t ,cupid _h a h& 9 x4 ,has n ,gay told h[ ! ma/] ,cupid trac$ out ! l9es1 conceiv$ ! %ape1 conv]t$ 8 arr[s into /icks1 & f _! b>b$ po9ts1 s(t5$ by love's flame1 =g$ ! p98 ,is n ! fan "o ( ! *ief weapons 9 ! arm\ry ( ! ,love-,god8 ,is x n ! ramp>t f beh9d :i* ! fi]ce/ fire ( love's artill]y is direct$8 ,nay1 is x n 9 v tru? ! sceptre ( ! ,love-,god8 ,did n ! ,greeks e>ly recognise ?is fact by plac+ ! plum$ fan 9 ! h&s ( ,eros himself8 ,! fan is at once ! creation ( ,amor & ! *ief ensign ( 8 sov]eignty6 ,& its uses8 ,madame la ,b>onne de ,*apt1 9 ! fir/ volume ( h] uvres ,philosophiques1 discov]s a hundr$ su*3--#8,x is s *>m+1 s conv5i5t1 s suit$ to give c\nt5ance to a "y girl1 & to extricate h] f emb>rassm5t1 t x _c be too mu* exalt$2 we see x /ray+ ov] *eeks1 bosoms1 h&s1 ) an elegance :i* ev]y:]e provokes admiration4 #8,love uses a fan z an infant does a toy--makes x assume all sorts ( %apes2 breaks x ev51 lets x fall a ?\s& times to ! gr\nd4444 #8,is x a matt] ( indiff]5ce1 ?is fall5 fan8 ,su* a fall is ! result ( reflection1 ( c>eful calculation1 int5d$ z a te/ ( ! ard\r & cel]ity ( aspir+ suitors4--,& ! successful suitor1 ! fav\r$ swa98 ,is x n he :o discov]s ! greate/ cel]ity 9 return+ ! fan to its *>m+ own]1 &1 9 do+ s1 impr9ts a secret b *a/e kiss ^u ! fair h& t takes x1 & is rew>d$ by a look t5 ?\s& times m eloqu5t ?an spee*8' ,& if1 p]adv5ture1 by ! spell ( "s magician1 ?is little in/rum5t c\ld itself be end[$ ) spee*6 ,aha6 ma *re madame1 :at tales c\ld x n unfold f ! recesses ( its flut$ leaves1 :at :isp]s6 :at confid5ces6 :at assignations6 :at intrigues6 #8,p\r une ,espagnole1' writes ,*>les ,blanc1 #8t\tes les intrigues de l'am\r1 t\s les manuvres de la galant]ie1 sont ca*es dans les plis de son v5tail4 ,les audaces furtifs du reg>d1 les av5tures de la p>ole1 les aveux risqus1 les demi-mots pr(rs du b\t des lvres1 t\t cela e/ dissimul p> l'v5tail1 qui a l'air d'int]dire ce qu'il p]met de faire1 et d'int]cept] ce qu'il envoie4' ,disraeli 7,cont>9i ,flem+71 9 simil> /ra91 ) no less eloqu5ce1 says3 #8,a ,spani% lady ) h] fan might %ame ! tactics ( a troop ( horse4 ,n[ %e unfolds x ) ! sl[ pomp & consci\s elegance ( ! bird ( ,juno2 n[ %e flutt]s x ) all ! languor ( a li/less beauty1 n[ ) all ! livel9ess ( a vivaci\s "o4 ,n[ 9 ! mid/ ( a v tornado %e closes x ) a :irr1 :i* makes y />t4 ,magical in/rum5t6 9 ?is l& x speaks a p>ticul> language1 & gallantry requires no o!r mode to express its mo/ subtle conceits1 or its mo/ unreasonable dem&s1 ?an ?is delicate ma*9e4' #8,wom51' says ! witty ,spectator1 #8are arm$ ) ,fans z m5 ) ,swords--& sometimes d m execution ) !m4444 ,!re is an inf9ite v>iety ( motions to be made use ( 9 ! flutt] ( a ,fan4 ,!re is ! angry ,flutt]1 ! mode/ ,flutt]1 ! timor\s ,flutt]1 ! confus$ ,flutt]1 ! m]ry ,flutt]1 & ! amor\s ,flutt]4 ,n to be t$i\s1 !re is sc>ce any emotion 9 ! m9d :i* does n produce a suitable agitation 9 ! ,fan2 insomu* t if ,i only see ! ,fan ( a discipl9$ ,lady ,i "k v well :e!r %e laughs1 fr[ns1 or blu%es4 ,i h se5 a ,fan s v angry1 t x w\ld h be5 dang]\s = ! abs5t lov] :o provok$ x to h come )9 ! w9d ( x3 & at o!r times s v langui%+1 t ,i h be5 glad = ! ,lady's sake ! lov] 0 at a suffici5t di/ance f x4 ,i ne$ n add t a ,fan is ei!r a ,prude or ,coquette accord+ to ! nature ( ! p]son :o be>s x4' ,mr4 ,george ,m]$i?1 too1 w\ld appe> to h /udi$ its motions3 #8,lady ,d5ewdney's fan took to beat+ "t m$itatively4 ,two or ?ree times %e kept x elevat$1 & 9 va93 ! fl[ ( _! int]*ang+ spee* 0 un9t]rupt$4 ,at la/ my fa!r b[$ to h] f a di/ance4 ,%e signall$3 8 eyelids plead$ %ort sight1 awak5+ to ! appreh5sion ( a pleasant fact2 ! fan tapp$1 & he halt$ 8 m>*1 lean+ sc>ce p]ceptibly 9 h] direction4 ,! fan %[$ di/ress4'#b ,9 "o ( ! sprightlie/ ( ,/eele's lett]s to ! ,tatl]1 ! beaute\s ,delamira1 ^u ! eve ( h] m>riage1 resigns h] fan1 hav+ no fur!r occasion = x4 ,%e is entreat$ by ! mat*less ,virgulta1 :o _h begun to despair ( ev] ent]+ ! matrimonial /ate1 to confide to h] ! secret ( h] success4 #8,t swimm+ air ( y\r body1' says %e2 #8t jaunty be>+ ( y\r ,head ov] y\r %\ld]2 & t inexpressible ,beauty 9 y\r mann] ( play+ y\r ,fan1 mu/ be l[]'d into a m conf9$ ,behavi\r2 to %[1 ,t y w\ld r %un ?an receive ,addresses = ! future4 ,!re=e1 de> ,delamira1 give me ^! excell5cies y leave (f1 & acqua9t me ) y\r ,mann] ( ,*>m+4'444 ,delamira expla9$ t all %e _h above ! re/ ( h] ,sex & contempor>y ,beauties 0 :olly ow+ to a ,fan 7left to h] by h] ,"m1 & _h be5 long 9 ! ,family71 :i*1 :oev] _h 9 ,possession1 & us$ ) ,skill1 %\ld comm& ! he>ts ( all h] ,behold]s2 #8& s9ce1' said %e1 smil+1 #8,i h no m to d ) ext5d+ my ,conque/s or ,triumphs1 ,i'll make y a pres5t ( ?is ine/imable ,r>ity4' #8,y see1 ,madam1' cont9u$ %e1 ^u ,virgulta's inquiry z to ! ,managem5t ( t ut5sil1 #8,cupid is ! pr9cipal ,figure pa9t$ on x2 & ! skill 9 play+ ?is ,fan is1 9 y\r sev]al ,motions ( x to let him appe> z little z possible3 = hon\rable ,lov]s fly all ,endeav\rs to ensn>e 'em2 & y\r ,cupid mu/ hide 8 ,b[ & ,arr[1 or he'll nev] be sure ( 8 ,game4 ,y may obs]ve t 9 all publick ,assemblies1 ! sexes seem to sep>ate !mselves1 & draw up to attack ea* o!r ) ,eye-%ot2 ,t is ! "t :5 ! ,fan1 :i* is all ! ,arm\r ( ,woman1 is ( mo/ use 9 h] ,def5ce2 = our m9ds are con/ruct$ by ! wav+ ( t little ,in/rum5t1 & our ?\ghts appe> 9 ,composure or ,agitation accord+ to ! ,motion ( x4 ,y may obs]ve :5 ,w ,p]egr9e comes into ! side ,box1 ,miss ,gatty flutt]s h] ,fan z a ,fly does its ,w+s r\nd a ,c&le2 :ile h] eld] ,si/]1 :o is z mu* 9 ,love ) him z %e is1 is z grave z a ,ve/al at 8 ,entrance1 & ! consequ5ce is accord+ly4 ,he wat*es half ! ,play = a ,glance f h] ,si/]1 :ile ,gatty is ov]look$ & neglect$4 ,i wi% y he>tily z mu* ,success 9 ! ,managem5t ( x z ,i h _h24444 ,take x1 good ,girl1 & use x )\t ,m]cy2 = ! ,reign ( ,beauty nev] la/$ full ,?ree ,ye>s1 b x end$ 9 ,m>riage1 or ,condemnation to ,virg9ity4'#c ,if ! fan is efficaci\s z a weapon ( (f5ce 9 ,love's sieges1 x is no less effective z a %ield aga9/ ,love's d>ts4 ,on a pa9t$ ,spani% fan 9 ! ,s*reib] ,collection 9 ! ,briti% ,museum are repres5t$ ?ree fair nymphs 9 a wood$ l&scape1 "o ( :om is receiv+ on h] fan an arr[ dis*>g$ by ! ,love-,god1 :o is accompani$ by my lady ,v5us 9 h] c>4 ,on a scroll is ! inscription1 #8l'utilit des v5tails1' #8la utilidad de los abanicos4' ,?is use ( ! fan z %ield1 is adopt$ also by ! %9lung1 or mona/ic novitiate ( ,burma1 :o employs 8 l>ge palm-fan1 bo? z a %elt] f ! fi]c5ess ( ! sun's rays1 & z a scre5 f ! sight ( womank9d1 mov+1 9 ! latt] in/ance1 8 fan f "r to left z occasion requires1 i4e4 :5ev] a woman happ5s to pass4 ,illu/ration3 ,epo* ,l\is ,,xv4 ,fan ,m\nt--,unfold$4 ,hommages (f]$ at ! ,alt> ( ,madame de ,pompad\r by ,*ur* & ,/ate1--,lit]ature1 ,art1 ,music1 ,etc4 ,hommages ,(f]$ to ,madame de ,pompad\r4 ,mrs ,bruce ,john/on4 ,a /ory1 ! s\rce ( :i* is n giv51#d is told ( ,goldoni1 :o1 be+ "o ev5+ ! gue/ ( a ,v5etian lady1 0 complim5t$ by h] ^u ! productions ( 8 g5ius4 #8,:y1 my lady1' he repli$1 #8any?+ provides a subject = a com$y4' #8,any?+8' repli$ ! lady4 #8,any?+1' emphatically repli$ ! dramati/4 #8,ev5 ?is fan8' insi/$ ! ,beauty4 #8,i %all be indebt$ to y = life1' exclaim$ ,goldoni1 /ruck ) a happy ?\ght4 #8,y h sugge/$ to me my be/ com$y2 9 a week y w read x4'#e ,_m & manifold are ! uses ( ! fan4 ,:at device1 = example1 c\ld bett] display ! beauty ( a r\nd$ arm1 or ! ivory :it5ess ( tap]$ f+]s8 ,su* an in/rum5t provides graceful & (t5 mu*-ne$$ employm5t to ^? same delicate f+]s2 x supplies t necess>y s5se ( complet5ess to ! t\t ensemble ( ! picture4 ,& ! com$y actress1 desir+ "s trifle to emphasise a movem5t1 to give po9t & expression to "s p>ticul> action--:at m effective in/rum5t ?an a fan1 ! use ( :i*1 on ! /age1 has almo/ be5 elevat$ into a f9e art6 #8,pray1 ladies1 copy ,ab+ton2 ,obs]ve ! bre$+ 9 h] air3 ,!re's no?+ ( ! actress !re6 ,assume h] fa%ion if y c ,& cat* ! graces ( h] fan4' ,?is at once recalls ! say+ ( ,nor?cote1 :o1 al?\gh reluctantly compell$ to admit ,que5 ,*>lotte's excessive pla9ness1 an elegant & n a vulg> pla9ness--%e _h a beautifully %ap$ arm1 & 0 fond ( exhibit+ x--exclaim$1 #8,%e _h a fan 9 h] h&4 ,"l6 h[ %e held t fan6'#f ,madame ,d',arblay1 9 "o ( h] mo/ delightful lett]s1 records a conv]sation betwe5 h]self & ,mr4 ,fairly 7,col4 ,/eph5 ,digby71 :o1 ^u ! occasion ( a visit to h]1 #8f9d+ %e ent]$ into no?+1' took up a fan :i* lay on ! table & began play+ (f v>i\s imitative airs ) x1 exclaim+1 #8,h[ ?or\ghly useless a toy6' #88,no10 ,i said1 8on ! contr>y1 tak5 z an ornam5t1 x 0 ! mo/ useful ( any belong+ to full dress2 occupy+ ! h&s1 giv+ ! eyes some?+ to look at1 & tak+ away /iffness & =mality f ! figure & deportm5t40 #88,m5 h no fans10 cri$ he1 8& h[ d !y d80 #88,worse10 quo? ,i plumply4 99 99 99 99 99 #88,b ! real use ( ! fan10 cri$ he1 8if !re is any1 is x n--to hide a p>ticul> blu% t ought n to appe>80 #88,oh no1 x w\ld r make x ! soon] notic$40 #88,n at all2 x may be done "u pret5ce ( abs5ce--rubb+ ! *eek1 or nose--putt+ x up accid5tally to ! eye--9 a ?\s& ways40' ,! uses ( ! ,fan8 ,!y are legion6--,!y record = u public ev5ts1 milit>y1 political1 civil2 !y tell u our =tunes2 in/ruct u 9 ,botany1 9 ,h]aldry1 9 tricks ) c>ds2 !y prop\nd conundrums2 take u to ! !atre1 to bull-fights1 to *ur*1 to ! fir/ balloon asc5t2 & to ,mr4 ,?omas ,osborne's ,duck-hunt+6 ,9 ,%akespe>e's day no lady ?\ght ( /irr+ abroad )\t ?is accompanim5t1 ! c>e ( ! toy devolv+ ^u ! g5tleman u%]-- #8,pet]1 take my fan & g be=e4' ,romeo & ,juliet4 ,f ! ,aubrey ,,ms41 #afgh1 we le>n t #8! g5tlem5 7temp4 ,h5ry ,,viii47 _h prodigi\s fans1 z is to be se5 9 old pictures1#g l t in/rum5t :i* is us$ to drive fea!rs1 & 9 x a h&le at lea/ half a y>d long2 ) ^! ! daught]s 7 (t5times correct$ 7,sir ,edw>d ,coke1 ,"l ,*ief-,ju/ice1 rode ! circuit ) su* a fan2 ,sir ,william ,dugdale told me he 0 an eye-witness ( x2#h ! ,e>l ( ,man*e/] also us$ su* a fan72 b fa!rs & mo!rs sla%t _! daught]s 9 ! "t ( _! besom discipl9e :5 !y 7 p]fect wom54'#i ,illu/ration3 ,la ,danse1 aft] ,lancret4 ,dr ,law ,adam ,hotspur's exclamation1 ,i ,h5ry ,,iv41 ,,ii4 iii41 fur!r s]ves to %[ t ?is in/rum5t c\ld1 ^u occasion1 be us$ z an (f5sive weapon3 #8,z\nds6 an ,i 7 n[ by ?is rascal1 ,i c\ld bra9 him ) 8 lady's fan4' ,! /r5g? hidd5 9 su* an app>5tly h>mless toy is ?us recognis$ equally by bo? /]n] & g5tl] sex3 ! h9t conta9$ 9 ! qua9t & *>m+ conceit address$ to ! fan ( 8 mi/ress by ,l\is de ,boissey1 au?or ( ,le ,babill>d1 w n be lo/ ^u lov]s3 #8,devi5s le protecteur de ma vive t5dresse1 ,bel v5tail6 je te remets mes droits2 ,et si quelque rival avait la h>diesse ,d'appro*] de trop prs du se9 de ma matresse1 ,bel v5tail3 donne-lui sur les doigts6' ,illu/ration3 ,,tea ,,fan4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,anci5ts ,,egypt ,illu/ration ,! ^w fan1 or van1 is d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 vannus1 ! ,roman in/rum5t = w9n[+ gra94 ,?is w9n[+-fan1 held sacr$ by all ! peoples ( ! anci5t _w1 toge!r ) ! fire-fan 7bell[s71 also a sacr$ in/rum5t1 & us$ by ! prie/esses ( ,isis to fan ! flame ( _! alt>s--^! mu/ be acc\nt$ among/ ! e>lie/ ( ! anci5t & prolific fan-family4 ,to ! fir/ nam$ are sev]al ref]5ces 9 ,holy ,writ4 ,isaiah1 xxx4 #bd1 speaks ( ! ox5 & "y asses t %all eat clean prov5d] :i* ha? be5 w9n[$ ) ! %ovel & ) ! fan4 ,j]emiah1 xv4 #f-g1 lam5t+ ! backslid+ ( ,j]usalem1 exclaims1 #8,i am we>y ) rep5t+2 & ,i w fan !m ) a fan 9 ! gates ( ! l&'2 & aga9 9 li4 #b1 #8,s5d unto ,babylon fann]s t %all fan h]1 & %all empty h] l&4' ,9 ,matt4 iii4 #ab1 & ,luke iii4 #ag1 ,john ! ,bapti/1 ann\nc+ ! com+ ( #8"o mighti] ?an ,i'--#8,he %all baptize y ) ! ,holy ,gho/ & ) fire3 ^: fan is 9 8 h&1 & he w ?r\ghly purge 8 floor1 & w ga!r ! :eat into 8 g>n]4' ,bo? ^! in/rum5ts appe> on a bas-relief f a tomb at ,sakk>ah1 ( ! twelf? ,ph>aonic dyna/y1 circa ,b4,c4 #bcff-bbff1 sixte5 hundr$ ye>s be=e ,isaiah wrote4 ,9 ?is "s %eph]ds are roa/+ truss$ & spitt$ ducks ov] fires :i* are be+ kept alive by ! plait$1 w$ge-%ap$ h&-fan2 ! w9n[+-fan appe>+ 9 ! same picture4 ,s]vius1 9 comm5t+ on ,virgil's my/ical fan ( ,bac*us1 7#8my/ica vannus ,iac*i1' ,georg4 i4 #aff7 affirms t ! sacr$ rites ( ,bac*us p]ta9$ to ! purification ( s\ls2 9 ,assyria1 also1 x 0 introduc$ 9 ! c]emonies connect$ ) ! wor%ip ( ,bac*us & became a sacr$ emblem4#aj ,?is in/rum5t1 c>ri$ at ! ,dionysia or fe/ivals 9 hon\r ( ,bac*us1 0 call$ ,li*non 771 & 0 s ess5tial to ! solemnities ( ?is god1 t !y c\ld n be duly celebrat$ )\t x4 ,s also ,osiris1 :5 judge ( ,am5ti1 holds 9 8 cross$ h&s ! crook & flagellum1 ! my/ical vannus--#8^: fan is 9 8 h&1'#aa ea* ( ^! in/ances hav+ ref]5ce to ! g5]ative pr9ciple1 & ! improvem5t ( ! _w by tillage4 ,! passage 9 ,j]emiah xiii4 #bd1 #8,!re=e w ,i scatt] !m z ! /ubble t passe? away by ! w9d ( ! wild]ness1' sugge/$ ! pr\d motto ( ! ,k5ti% family ( ,septvans 7,setvans73 #8,dissipabo inimicos ,regis mei ut paleam4' #8,! enemies ( my k+ w ,i disp]se l *aff4'#ab ,on ! brass ( ,sir ,rob]t de ,septvans1 #acjf1 ,*>?am1 ,k5t1 ! knight's %ield & aillettes ^u ! %\ld]s are *>g$ ) ! w9n[+-fans f :i* he takes 8 "n1 & small fans are embroid]$ ^u 8 surcoat4 ,9 ! ,lansd[ne ,,mss4 #hee ,b4,m41 ! arms are ?us giv53 #8,sir robt de sev5s dazur e iij vans dor4' ,! ,greeks nam$ ! l>ge flat in/rum5t :i* 0 us$ to fan ! fire3 ! dim9utive 0 appli$ to objects ( simil> =m 9 ord9>y use among/ bo? sexes = ! purpose ( fann+ z well z to drive away ! flies4 ,inde$ ! use ( ! fan z bell[s appe>s to h be5 practically univ]sal1 & to h dat$ f a v e>ly p]iod ( ! _w's hi/ory4 ,illu/ration ,! employm5t ( ^! in/rum5ts1 z well z ! =ms :i* !y assum$1 is cont9u$ ev5 to ! pres5t day3#ac 9 ! ,republic ( ,colombia1 :]e fans are employ$ z mu* by m5 z by wom51 ! kit*5 ( e hut & h\se ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry is provid$ ) a fan 9 lieu ( bell[s1 rectangul> 9 =m1 albeit broad] at ! outside ?an at ! %ort h&le1 & ab\t #ab in*es by #i in*es 9 size3 ,^! are =m$ ( ! "y inside leaf ( ! cabbage-palm1 ! h&le & back be+ ! rib ( ! leaf1 ! fan portion be+ ! fronds ( ! leaf plait$4 ,illu/ration ,! ,portuguese fire-fans 7,abano7 made 9 ! s\? ( ,portugal1 & 9 univ]sal use 9 t c\ntry1 are r\nd 9 %ape1 co>sely plait$ 9 /raw or ru%1 & fix$ 9 a r\gh wood5 h&le4 ,^!1 repres5t+ ! two simple/ elem5tal =ms1 are ! primeval fans :i* h come d[n to u f ! remote/ p]iods ( hi/ory1 h endur$ ?r\gh ! c5turies1 &1 l ! fans 9 use 9 ,india at pres5t1 id5tical z a matt] ( fact ) ^! 9 =m1 are z mod]n z !y are anci5t4 ,^! two fans1 ! w9n[+-fan & ! fire-fan1 m9i/] to ! two mo/ press+ ( man's necessities--to ! fir/ ( 8 physical necessities1 8 daily bread1 & to 8 *ief m5tal necessity1 ! atta9m5t ( ! bread ( life2 ! fire-fan keep+ alive ! flame sacr$ to ! great goddess :o is ! "m ( all ?+s1 mi/ress ( ! elem5ts1 giv] ( ! gold5 gra91 :i*1 :5 rip5$1 is sep>at$ f ! *aff by ! w9n[+-fan2 ! "o in/rum5t1 !re=e1 be+ ! complem5t & c\nt]p>t ( ! o!r4 ,! ,egyptian plait$ h&-fan1 us$ = fann+ ! fire1 z well z = o!r dome/ic purposes1 0 made 9 a precisely simil> way to ! ,portuguese #8,abano' above ref]r$ to1 except t in/ead ( be+ a complete circle1 x assum$ ! =m ( a r full cresc5t4 ,9 ! pa9t$ decoration ( a tomb at ,eilei?yia1 repres5t+ ! int]ior ( a /or]oom1 a workman is cool+1 by means ( "o ( ^! h&-fans1 ! liquid :i* is conta9$ 9 a numb] ( vases or amphor4 ,illu/ration ,9 a great fun]al procession ( a royal scribe at ,!bes1 s]vants c>ry1 among o!r (f]+s1 simil> cresc5t-%ap$ matt$ fans1 toge!r )1 9 ?ree in/ances1 ! m ornam5tal semicircul> fea!r h&-fan us$ by ladies = ! purpose ( fann+ !mselves1 & also1 ) a some:at long] h&le1 wav$ by s]vitors 9 att5dance ^u great p]sonages ( bo? sexes4 ,illu/ration ,on an ,egyptian tablet or /ele ( ! twelf? dyna/y1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ! lady ,khu is seat$ ) h] husb&s1 receiv+ (f]+s f _! *ildr52 a h&-fan ( semicircul> =m re/s aga9/ ! seat2 ?is evid5tly n ( fea!rs1 b rigid1 s9ce ! con/ruction is sugge/$ 9 ! repres5tation1 & obvi\sly us$ by ! lady h]self r ?an by att5dants4 ,illu/ration ,! h&les ( ^! fans 7 ( ivory1 ( wood pa9t$1 or ( s&alwood1 :i* latt]1 :5 w>m$ by ! f+]s1 exhal$ a delici\s p]fume4 ,a few fan-h&les exi/ 9 ! v>i\s public museums2 two occur 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 toge!r ) a portion ( a h&le inscrib$ ) ! "n ( ,nebs5i1 inspector ( ! goldsmi?s ( ,am51 eighte5? dyna/y1 illu/rat$ opposite4 ,a primitive fly-:isk1 ( ! type se5 on ! ,assyrian monum5ts1 appe>s 9 ! ,l\vre1 "u ,egypt1 b undat$ & undescrib$2 x is =m$ ( grassy re$s ( a buff o*re col\r1 b5t backw>ds at ! h&le1 & rudely ti$ ) ! same sub/ance1 ! l5g? be+ ab\t #b feet #f in*es4 ,illu/ration ,! /&>d1 bann]1 & processional fans are usually =m$ ( ! fea!rs ( ! l>g] birds1 fix$ 9 a long wood5 h&le1 ! fea!rs1 z well z ! h&le1 be+ pa9t$ or dy$ 9 brilliant col\rs4 ,^!1 z w be se5 by a ref]5ce to ! examples f ,rosell9i1 are design$ ) ! consummate s5se ( proportion di/+ui%+ all ,egyptian "w4 ,9 bo? ! examples giv51 ! tips ( ! fea!rs are surm\nt$ by a tuft ( small fluffy fea!rs1 ?is be+ a device common to _m c\ntries1 & is se5 9 ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian fan illu/rat$1 page #hb4 ,illu/ration3 ,two ,fan ,h&les4 ,portion ( a ,fan ,h&le1 inscrib$ ) ! "n ( ,nebs5i4 ,egyptian1 #ah? ,dyna/y4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,_m ( ^! /&>d & processional fans1 d\btless1 7 =m$ ( "s mat]ial /ret*$ ^u a semicircul> frame1 ! fan decorat$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,!y 7 9 att5dance on ! k+ :]ev] he w5t2 !y 7 also us$ z /&>ds 9 w>1 ! k+'s *>iot be+ always accompani$ by at lea/ two4 ,! fact t !y 7 d$icat$ to ! s]vice ( ! gods is evid5c$ by a /ele 9 ! museum at ,b\lak1 on :i* is repres5t$ ,osiris en?ron$ ) a flabellif] beh9d1 wav+ ! long-h&l$ fan4 ,! radiate fans1 writes ,pr(essor ,fl9d]s ,petrie1 7 us$ z sun%ades1 appe>+ 9 hi]oglyphs z ! det]m9ation ( ,khaib1 i4e4 %ad[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c]emonial ,,fans 7,f ,rosell9i47 ,9 ! temple ( ,rameses ,,xii41 ,b4,c4 #aace1 a tablet repres5ts ! dep>ture ( ! ,khonsu f ,!bes to ! l& ( ,bakhatana4 ,a /&>d fan ( o/ri* fea!rs ( ! ,indian mur*al type is fix$ 9 ! b[ ( ! boat be>+ ! god 9 8 ark1 & a semicircul> /&>d fan 9 ! /]n2 bo? be+ incl9$ s z to meet above1 & ov]%ad[ ! ark4#ad ,9 ! temple ( ,d]ri 9 ,nubia1 ! sacr$ b>que ( ! god ,phr is solemnly borne by twelve prie/s1 ! k+ accompany+ 9 milit>y co/ume2 a flabellif] waves ! long-h&l$ fan4 ,num]\s repres5tations ( ^! long-h&l$1 semicircul>1 /&>d fans occur on ! monum5ts4 ,at ,!bes 7,rhamessium7 is figur$ a reception ( ! milit>y *iefs & =eign envoys by ,rameses ,,iii4 ,two s]vitors beh9d ! k+ c>ry ^! fans1 & two fan-be>]s wave ! o/ri*-fea!r emblem4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c]emonial ,,fans 7,f ,rosell9i47 ,at ,m$9et ,abu1 ! same k+ is seat$ 9 8 *>iot ) ?ree s]vitors wav+ ! long-h&l$1 semicircul> fans4 ,! tall1 s+le o/ri* plume 0 probably 9 ! fir/ in/ance a fly-:isk4 ,x 0 ! pr9cipal ensign ( ! (fice ( fan-be>]1 :i* 0 "o ( great di/9ction1 & "o ( ! highe/ 9 ! gift ( ! mon>*1 none b royal pr9ces or scions ( ! fir/ nobility be+ p]mitt$ to hold x4 ,! c]emony ( inve/iture took place 9 ! pres5ce ( ! k+ seat$ ^u 8 ?rone1 & 0 usually p]=m$ aft] a victory1 & grant$ = "s di/+ui%$ s]vice 9 ! field4 ,two prie/s inve/ ! hold] ) ! robe1 *a91 & o!r insignia ( 8 (fice1 ! =tunate recipi5t ( ! hon\r rais+ al(t ! flabellum & crook1 ?us express+ 8 fidelity to 8 k+ & ma/]4 ,?is 0 ! usual =mula ( inve/iture ( high (fice2 its resemblance to ! biblical acc\nt ( ,joseph's advancem5t w at once be app>5t4 #8,& ,ph>aoh took (f 8 r+ f 8 h& & put x ^u ,joseph's h&1 & array$ him 9 ve/ures ( f9e l951 & put a gold *a9 ab\t 8 neck4' ,^u ! field ( battle ! fan-be>]s ei!r att5d$ ! mon>* on foot or took comm& ( a division ) ! rank ( g5]al4 ,dur+ ! heat ( battle1 :e!r m\nt$ 9 c>s or engag$ on foot1 !y ei!r c>ri$ ! emblem ( _! (fice 9 _! h&1 or slung x beh9d !m4 ,_! privileges 7 _m1 among/ !m be+ ! "r ( pres5t+ prison]s to ! k+ aft] a victory4 ,! (fice 0 divid$ into two grades--^? :o s]v$ ^u ! "r & left ( ! k+ respectively1 ! mo/ hon\rable po/ be+ always conf]r$ ^u ^? ( ! highe/ rank1 or = ! mo/ di/+ui%$ s]vices4 ,a c]ta9 numb] 7 always on duty1 & 7 requir$ to c>ry ! mon>* 9 ! palanqu9 or *air ( /ate1 & to att5d dur+ ! gr& solemnities ( ! temple & ^u all occasions ( high /ate c]emonial4 ,illu/ration3 ,,inve/iture ,,( ,,! ,,(fice ,,( ,,fan-,,be>] 7,f ,wilk9son47 ,! monum5ts be> eloqu5t te/imony to ! importance & significance ( ?is object4 ,at ,!bes 7palace ( ,m$9et ,abu71 ,rameses ,miam\n appe>s 9 a magnific5t palanqu91 surr\nd$ by no less ?an tw5ty be>]s ( ! fan emblem1 among/ :om are ! sons ( ! k+4 ,9 ! same palace ! t5 sons ( ,rameses appe> 9 ! ord] ( _! prec$5ce1 be>+ ! emblem2 ! hi]oglyphics1 by _! side1 indicat+ _! "n & functions4 ,on an occasion :5 ! k+ 7,rameses ,,iv47 receives ! homage ( ! *iefs ( ! army1 two s]vitors ) ! long semicircul> fans1 & two be>]s ( ! fan emblem1 are 9 att5dance4 ,! highe/ significance ( ! fan emblem is :5 x is grasp$ by ! talons ( ! sacr$ vulture1 gu>dian & protectress ( ! mon>*s4 ,?is figure occurs repeat$ly on ! monum5ts2 at ,m$9et ,abu1 ,rameses-,miam\n is se5 subdu+ an army ( ,asiatics1 ! vulture wav+ ! fan emblem ov] ! head ( ! k+4 ,9 ! temple ( ,beit ,oually 9 ,nubia1 ,rameses ,,ii41 helmet$1 is /rid+ ov] a fall5 b>b>ian2 ! vulture ( protection hov]s ar\nd ! head ( ! h]o4 ,on ! same monum5t ,rameses seizes by ! hair a b>b>ian ) brok5 b[1 ! vulture aga9 9 att5dance4 ,^u ! completion ( ! victory1 f\r fan-be>]s1 ea* ) crook & flabellum1 (f] ! spoils ( conque/ to ! k+4 ,on a bas-relief at ,!bes1 ,seti ,i4 is se5 9 8 w>-*>iot subdu+ ! b>b>ians1 also accompani$ by ! vulture4 ,at ,phil1 ,ptolemy ,philometor appe>s ) a gr\p ( vanqui%$ ,asiatics1 ! vulture once m 9 att5dance4 ,9 ! papyrus ( ,hunef] 7,book ( ! ,dead7 a w+$ ,ut*at1 ) ,eye ( ,horus1 waves ! fan emblem ov] ! head ( ,osiris4 ,9 ! papyrus ( ,anhai1 ov] ! ,/&>d ( ! ,we/1 :i* cr[ns ! ,sol> ,m\nt & supports ! hawk ,r-,h>ma*is1 two w+$ ,hori appe> z ! protect+ pr9ciple4 ,?is symbol ( ! vulture =ms a motif = surface decoration on ! ceil+ ( ! hypo/yle hall ( ! ,rhamessium4 ,above ! great bell capital1 ! vulture1 grasp+ 9 ea* talon a fan emblem1 is treat$ z a repeat$ ornam5tal patt]n2 x also appe>s z decoration ( ! umbrella or canopy ( ! *>iot ( ,rameses ,,iii4 7,seso/ris74 ,we are ?us enabl$ to realise ! great "p play$ by ! fan alike 9 ! milit>y1 civil1 & religi\s life ( ,egypt4 ,z an in/rum5t 9 ! h&s ( private p]sons1 or ev5 ( slaves 9 att5dance on individuals1 x is less 9 evid5ce on ! monum5ts1 al?\gh we may naturally assume t 9 a climate su* z ,egypt ?is in/rum5t w\ld be 9 con/ant requisition4 ,we /ra9 ! eye ( imag9ation to ! v e>lie/ p]iod ( ! hi/ory ( ?is my/ic l&1 & see 9 fancy ! ,que5 ( ,m5es ! ,?9ite1 surr\nd$ by slaves only a little less fair ?an h]self1 wav+ ! fan ( squ>e =m actually appe>+ on a cyl9d] 9 ! ,l\vre2 we see1 also 9 fancy1 ! fam$ & beautiful ,que5 ,nitcris1 ! h&some/ woman ( h] "t1 build] ( ! ?ird ,pyramid1 recl9+ ^u h] c\*1 ! air be+ r5d]$ less oppressive by ! wav+ ( ! s(t fea!r fan ) :i* ! monum5ts h made u famili>4 ,la/ly1 h we n ,%akespe>e's gl[+ picture ( ! fann+ ( ! voluptu\s #8s]p5t ( old ,nile1' ,cleopatra8 ,illu/ration3 ,,umbrella ,,or ,,canopy ,,( ,,! ,,*>iot ,,( ,,rameses ,,iii4 #8,= h] owne p]son1 ,x begg]'d all description3 %e did lye ,9 h] ,pavillion1 ,clo? ( ,gold1 ( tissue1 ,o'er-pictur+ t ,v5us1 :]e we see ,! fancie out-worke nature2 on ea* side h] ,/ood pretty-,dimpl$ boyes1 l smil+ ,cupids1 ,) div]s-col\r'd fannes ^: w9de did seem ,to gl[e ! delicate *eekes :i* !y did coole1 ,& :at !y undid1 did4' ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,anci5ts--,cont9u$ ,,assyria ,illu/ration ,! employm5t ( ! fan 9 ! religi\s c]emonies ( ,assyria has already be5 h9t$ at4 ,!re c be no possibility ( d\bt t ! c]emonies & cu/oms1 bo? sacr$ & secul>1 connect$ ) ! fan1 7 common to all ! c\ntries ( ! ,ea/1 ^! be+ ! (fspr+ ( simil> conditions & necessities4 ,?us we h 9 ,assyrian sculpture frequ5t repres5tations ( ! fly-:isk4 ,on a bas-relief f ,nimr\d ,k+ ,s5na*]ib is /&+ 9 8 *>iot sup]9t5d+ ! mov+ ( a colossal figure at ! build+ ( 8 palace at ,k\yunjik1 two att5dants beh9d ! *>iot be>+ an umbrella & fly-:isk2 on ano!r relief we see ,assur-bani-pal /&+1 b[ & arr[ 9 h&1 p\r+ out a libation ov] f\r dead lions be=e an alt>1 8 umbrella-be>] & fly-flapp] be+ 9 att5dance4 ,we are also introduc$ to ! g>d5 or palm-grove ( ,assur-bani-pal's palace1 :]e9 ! k+ is be+ ent]ta9$ by 8 que5 at a banquet2 ! que5 hold+ 9 h] left h& :at is evid5tly a small fan & ( ! %ape & g5]al appe>ance ( ! pleat$ fan1 b probably rigid4 ,! royal fan-be>]s 7 two 9 numb]1 inv>iably eunu*s1 _! usual place be+ beh9d ! mon>*4 ,! long-tassell$ sc>f appe>s to be ! badge ( ! (fice1 :i* 0 "o ( great dignity4 ,its hold] 0 privileg$ to leave 8 /ation beh9d ! ?rone & h& 8 ma/] ! sacr$ cup1 ! royal sc5t-bottle1 or h&k]*ief1 :i* latt] article inv>iably appe>s 9 ! left h&4 ,! usage ( ?is (fice seems to h be5 v simil> to t ( ,egypt2 9 ! abs5ce ( ! vizi]1 or 9 subord9ation to him1 he introduc$ captives to ! k+1 read+ out _! names f a scroll or tablet 9 8 left h&4#ae ,illu/ration3 ,,assyria ,illu/ration3 ,,p]sia ,! matt] ( ! #8h&k]*ief' op5s up an important "q4 ,sir ,george ,birdwood1 9 a ma/]ly address be=e ! ,society ( ,arts on ! subject ( anci5t fans1 says3 #8,on a 8m>ble0 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 f ,k\yunjik 7ne> ,mossul1 i4e4 ,n9eveh71 repres5t+ ,s5na*]ib1 ,b4,c4 #fha-gje1 en?ron$ be=e ,la*i%1 two att5dants /& beh9d ! ?rone1 ea* wav+ 9 8 "r h&1 ov] ! mon>*'s head1 a mur*al 7fly-:isk7 ( und\bt$ peacocks' fea!rs1 & ea* be>+ 9 8 left h& :at ,i id5tify z ! cov] ( ! mur*al4 ,x is absurd to take x to be a pocket-h&k]*ief4' ,illu/ration ,on ! o!r h&1 ,mr4 ,s4 ,w4 ,bu%ell1 9 8 ,h&book ( ,*9ese ,art1 ref]s to ! fan- & t[el-be>]s 9 ! ,*9ese sculptures ( ! ,han dyna/y2 ^!1 al?\gh some:at diff]+ 9 %ape f ^? ( ! ,assyrian reliefs1 evid5tly s]v$ a simil> purpose4 ,x is an extremely difficult po9t to det]m9e2 9 ! reliefs ( ,assur-bani-pal at ,susiana1 ( ,s5na*]ib at ,k\yunjik1 & o!rs1 two flabellif] walk beh9d ! k+'s *>iot be>+ 9 _! "r h&s ! fly-:isks1 _! left h&s n be+ se54 ,/&+ 9 ! umbrella-cov]$ *>iot1 imm$iately beh9d ! k+ & *>iote]1 a figure be>s a small] h&k]*ief or cov] 9 8 "r h&1 b no evid5ce ( a fly-:isk4 ,! left h& 9 ?is in/ance also does n appe> 9 ! relief4 ,9 a repres5tation ( ,assur-bani-pal 9 ! ,l\vre 7,lay>d1 ,monum5ts1 ,s]ies ,,ii4 ,plate #ea71 ! k+ holds 9 8 "r h& a small fan2 an att5dant beh9d holds ! cov] or h&k]*ief 9 8 "r h&1 b no fly-:isk4 ,^! objects are 9 mo/ in/ances fr+$1 & 9 "s cases embroid]$ ) a n>r[ bord]4 ,assyrian fly-:isks 7 usually ( fea!rs1 set 9 a %ort h&le ( ivory1 wood1 or o!r mat]ial1 c>v$ or o!rwise ornam5t$4 ,!re 7 two k9ds1 a small] "o :i* 0 a k9d ( bru%1 made ( horse-hair or vegetable fibre1 & a l>g] "o ( fea!rs2 ! %ort bru% fan belongs to ! e>li] p]iod1 ! long fea!r$ =m to ! lat]4#af ,! two =ms1 h[ev]1 appe> at ! same "t4 ,9 ! bas-relief ( ! banquet above ref]r$ to1 att5dants be> di%es ( fruits & meats1 ea* be+ provid$ ) ! small fly-:isk1 evid5tly = ! purpose ( driv+ away insects f ! royal di%es4 ,! c]emonies & usages connect$ ) ! fly-:isk op5 up a va/ field ( inquiry1 f> too involv$ to be adequately dealt ) "h2 "s few aspects may1 h[ev]1 be t\*$ ^u4 ,baal-zebub1 ,beel-zebub1 ,beel-zebut1 ,bel-zebub1 ! ,phili/9e god ( ,ekron1 :om ! ,jews repres5t$ z ,pr9ce ( ,devils1 0 lit]ally ,"l ,fly1 or ,"l ( ! ,flies4 ,:5 ,ahaziah 0 sick he s5t to consult ! ,"l ,fly's oracle4#ag ,! ^w ,baal simply means own]1 ma/]1 or "l4 ,9 ,phnicia & ,c>?age x 0 ! cu/om ( k+s & great m5 to unite _! names ) t ( _! god1 z ,hannibal1 #8grace ( ,baal1' ,hasdrubal1 #8help ( ,baal4' ,among/ ! ,jews also _m names ( cities 7 comp\nd$ ) ,baal2 z ,baal-,gad1 ,baal-,hammon1 ,baal-,?am>4 ,9 ! #8au?oris$ v]sion' ! "n is ,baal-zebub1 aft]w>ds *ang$ to ,beel-zebub2 ! orig9al conception is1 h[ev]1 "o ( great difficulty & obscurity1 unless1 inde$1 we may directly connect ! wor%ip ( ,baal ) t ( ! sun4 ,josephus decl>es t ! ,assyrians erect$ ! fir/ /atue ( ,m>s1 & wor%ipp$ him z a ,god1 call+ him ,baal4 ,we read 9 ! book ( ,k+s h[ ,josiah de/roy$ ! alt>s :i* _h be5 re>$ by ,manasseh1 & #8put d[n ! idolatr\s prie/s1 444 !m also t burn$ inc5se unto ,baal1 to ! sun & to ! moon1 & to ! planets1 & to all ! ho/ ( heav5'2 ^! in/ances sugge/+ t ,baal & ! sun 7 two sep>ate deities4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,baal-,hammon is repres5t$ on a ,c>?ag9ian monum5t ) a cr[n ( rays4 ,baalbek 0 call$ by ! ,greeks ,heliopolis 7sun-city7 & at ,baal-,%emeh 7h\se ( ! sun7 !re 0 a temple to ,baal4 ,if1 !re=e1 we may reg>d ,baal & ! sun z synonym\s1 ! matt] is at once simplifi$1 s9ce ! sun is ! br+] ( flies1 & is 9 actual fact ,"l ( ! ,flies4 ,accord+ to ,pl9y1 ! ,cyr5ians (f]$ sacrifices to ! fly-cat*+ god ,a*or1 because ! flies br$ pe/il5ce1 & ?is au?or rem>ks t no soon] is ! sacrifice (f]$1 ?an ! flies p]i%4 ,! ,greeks _h _! ,jupit] ,myiodes1 or fly-hunt]1 to :om a bull 0 sacrific$ 9 ord] to propitiate him 9 driv+ away ! flies :i* infe/$ ! ,olympic ,games4 ,!re 0 also a ,h]cules ,myiodes1 ! orig9 ( ^: wor%ip ,pausanias decl>es to h be5 ! foll[+3--,h]cules1 be+ mole/$ by sw>ms ( flies :ile he 0 ab\t to (f] sacrifice to ,olympian ,jupit] 9 ! temple1 (f]$ a victim to t god "u ! "n ( ,myagron1 ^u :i* all ! flies flew away beyond ! riv] ,alpheus4 ,pausanias fur!r ref]s to ! fe/ival ( ,a!na at ,aliph]a 9 ,arcadia1 :i* 0 op5$ ) a sacrifice & pray] to ! ,fly-cat*]1 & /ates t aft] ! sacrifice1 ! flies gave no fur!r tr\ble4 lian 7,nat4 ,an41 xi4 #h7 affirms t at ! fe/ival ( ,apollo 9 ! isl& ( ,leucas1 an ox 0 sacrific$2 ! flies1 glutt$ ) ! blood1 gave no fur!r tr\ble4 ,! same au?or /ates t ! flies ( ,pisa 7,olympia7 7 m virtu\s1 because !y did _! duty1 n = a consid]ation1 b out ( pure reg>d = ! god4#ah ,scalig] d]ives ! "n ( ,beel-zebub1 ! false god1 f ,baalim-,zebabim1 :i* signifies "l ( sacrifices4 ,?is deity 0 wor%ipp$ dur+ ! "t ( our ,savi\r1 :o is accus$ by ! ,ph>isees ( ca/+ out devils by ,beel-zebub1 ! pr9ce ( ! devils4 ,s ,holman ,hunt1 9 8 picture ( ! f9d+ ( ! ,savi\r 9 ! ,temple1 ) f9e p]ception1 places a fly-:isk 9 ! h& ( a *ild4#ai ,a *ild is "h prop\nd+ to 8 eld]s a pur] & l(ti] sy/em ( e?ics ?an _h h]et(ore be5 dream$ (2 a *ild1 likewise1 bani%es ! s]vants ( ,belial4 ,) ! ,jewi% writ]s ( ! ,middle ,ages ! wor%ip ( ,baal frequ5tly signifi$ ! practis+ ( ! rites ( ! ,*ri/ian religion2 ?us ,rabbi ,joseph ,b5 ,meir 9 8 ,*ronicles /ates t ,clovis =sook 8 ,god & wor%ipp$ ,baal1 & t a high place 0 built at ,p>is = ,baal ,dionysius1 i4e4 ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,d5is4#bj ,! ,assyrians employ$ ! tall /&>d & sceptral fans 9 a precisely simil> way to ! ,egyptians4 ,9 ! re/oration ( ! palace ( ,s>gon 7,khorsabad71 compil$ by ,felix ,?omas1 giv5 by ,p]rot & ,*ipiez1 ,hi/ory ( ,art 9 ,*alda & ,assyria1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bd1 two enorm\s frond /&>ds are plac$ at ! entrance to ! ,h>em ,c\rt1 ^! be+ circul>1 =m$ ( palm fronds 9 bronze gilt4 #8,9 ,india1 z 9 ,japan1' to quote aga9 ,sir ,george ,birdwood1 #8! /&>d is (t5 blazon$ ) "s totemi/ic1 symbolical1 or h]aldic device1 & x 0 probably s blazon$ 9 ,assyria1 = f ,assyria ! practice spread to ,greece & ,rome ( us+ su* devices on bo? /&>ds & %ields4 ,lat] ?is ritual 0 reviv$ by ! ,s>ac5s1 & 0 spread ov] m$ival ,europe by ! ,crusad]s return+ f ! ,holy ,l&4' ,! ,assyrian disc-/&>ds 7 probably ( brass or o!r metal1 fix$ to ! inside ( ! *>iot4 ,two devices appe> on ! monum5ts--! ,div9e ,ar*] /&+ on a bull1 & two bulls runn+ 9 opposite directions4 ,^! 7 enclos$ 9 a circle at ! end ( a long /aff ornam5t$ ) /ream]s & tassels4#ba ,! ,assyrians employ$ ! primitive plait$ fan1 us$ 9 ,egypt1 bo? cresc5t-%ap$1 squ>e1 & triangul>4 ,on a relief f ,nimr\d1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 9 a circul> arrangem5t divid$ into f\r comp>tm5ts1 repres5t+ ! int]ior ( a ca/le ) t[]s & battlem5ts1 a eunu* is wav+ 9 8 "r h&1 ov] a /& on :i* are vases & b[ls1 a squ>e1 flag-%ap$ fan1 c]ta9ly ( ! plait$ v>iety2 9 ! left h& is :at appe>s to be a fly-:isk4 ,on a silv] di% 9 ! ,/rogon(f collection illu/rat$ 9 ,ori5talis*e ,teppi*e1 ,alois ,riegl1 a ,sassanian mon>* is seat$1 cross-legg$1 hold+ a tazza1 & att5d$ by two s]vitors1 "o ( :om waves a plait$ flag-fan ( oblong %ape4 ,! di%1 :i* be>s /rong traces ( ,indian influ5ce1 is probably ( ! p]iod ( ,v>annes ,,ii41 ,a4,d4 #bgc-bgg4 ,! sw++-fan1 susp5d$ f ! ceil+1 & op]at$ by pull+ a cord1 is an anci5t device = cool+ ! air ( rooms4 ,! te/imony ( an ,assyrian bas-relief f ,n9eveh indicates its use at ! p]iod to :i* ^! sculptures belong--sev5? to t5? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,wicque=t1 9 8 translation ( ! embassy ( ,g>cias de ,figu]on1 gives ! "n ( fan to a k9d ( *imney or v5tiduct1 9 use among ! ,p]sians1 to furni% air & w9d into _! h\ses1 )\t :i* ! heat w\ld be insupportable4#bb ,a v>iant ( ?is device = v5tilat+ rooms is record$ 9 ,*9ese annals4 ,"u ! ,han dyna/y1 ,b4,c4 #bje-;,a4,d4 #be1 a skilful workman at ,*'ang--& nam$ ,t+ ,huan--made a fan ( sev5 l>ge :eels #aj feet 9 diamet]1 ! :ole turn$ by a s+le man4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,a ,,bas-,,relief4 7,nimr\d47 ,! luxuri\s ,guez de ,balzac1 9 ! tw5tie? lett]1 writt5 f ,rome 9 #afba1 to ! ,c>d9al de la ,villette1 ) 8 cu/om>y extravagant hyp]bole1 describes 8 me?od ( gu>d+ aga9/ ! heat dur+ ! broil+ mon? ( ,july--#8,f\r s]vants con/antly fan my ap>tm5ts2 !y raise w9d en\gh to make a tempe/u\s sea4' ,illu/ration3 ,sea ,nymphs1 ,italian1 #agfj1 g\a*e on sk92 horn /ick1 f9ely piqu 9 gold1 pana*es ) cr[n fleurs de lys ( ,france4 ,mr ,w4 ,burdett-,c\tts4 ,m4,p4 ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,anci5ts--,cont9u$ ,,greece ,,& ,,rome ,illu/ration ,9 ,greece1 z 9 ,egypt1 ! fan _h a sacr$ z well z a secul> use4 ,m4 ,uzanne ref]s to ! fan ( fea!rs :i* ^? discreet & irreproa*able ladies1 ! ,ve/als1 made use ( to fan ! flame ( _! sacrifices1 &1 r rogui%ly1 seizes ! idea ( fann+ ! flame to sugge/ t ( inw>d flames k9dl$ by ! arr[s ( ! little god ,cupid1 9 place ( ! *a/e ard\rs ( ! sacr$ my/]ies4 ,! fans ( ! prie/s ( ,isis1 :5 ,isis 0 a ,grecian div9ity1 7 =m$ ( ! w+s ( a bird1 atta*$ to ! end ( a long w&1 & ?us made to resemble ! caduceus ( ,m]cury4 ,! ,greeks receiv$ ! fan f ,egypt & ,assyria ?r\gh ! ,phnicians1 :o 7 ! trad]s betwe5 ! ea/ & ! we/4 ,9 ! s>cophagus ( ,aman?us 7,cyprio-,phnician71 repres5t+ a tra9 ( horsem51 footm51 & *>iots1 ! horses' heads are adorn$ ) a pleat$ fan cre/1 simil> to t :i* 0 us$ by ! ,p]sians2 ! figure 9 ! fir/ biga c>ries a p>asol4 ,?us ,p]rot & ,*ipiez 9 _! description ( ?is monum5t3 #8,! p>asol :i* %ades ! head ( ! great p]son 9 ! fir/ biga is ! symbol ( ,asiatic royalty3 ! fan-%ap$ plume :i* rises above ! heads ( all ! *>iot horses1 is an ornam5t t "o sees 9 ! same position 9 ,assyria & ,lycia1 :5 ! sculptor desires to repres5t horses magnific5tly cap>ison$4' ,?is rem>kable example is ( ! highe/ int]e/ z %[+ t ! pleat$ =m--9 ?is in/ance1 d\btless1 rigid1 & fix$ to a %ort h&le1 also se5 9 bo? ,egyptian & ,assyrian monum5ts--has be5 employ$ f a v remote p]iod4#bc ,! e>lie/ ,greek fans 71 d\btless1 bran*es ( ! myrtle1 acacia1 ! triple leaves ( ! ,ori5tal planta91 & also ! leaves ( ! lotus1 :i* latt]1 toge!r ) ! myrtle1 7 consecrat$ to ,v5us1 7 symbols ( ! dolce f> ni5te1 & !re=e peculi>ly appropriate to ?is in/rum5t ( reposeful ease4 ,! myrtle b\gh 0 also us$ by ! ,romans1 z we le>n f ,m>tial1 iii4 #hb1 s]v+ at ! same "t z fan & fly-flap-- #8,et ae/uanti t5ue v5tilat frigus ,sup9a pras9o concub9a flabello2 ,fugtque muscas myrte pu] virg4' ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,t]ra ,cotta ,/atuettes4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,! s+le leaf or he>t-%ap$ fan occurs con/antly 9 ,greek t]ra-cottas2 a numb] ( examples are to be se5 9 ! ,briti% & o!r ,museums4 ,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum is a *>m+ little w+$ ,amor1 drap$1 tripp+ gaily along1 hid+ 8 face beh9d a fan ( ?is %ape4 ,blondel ref]s to a female figure 9 ! ,l\vre1 seat$ at a fea/1 hold+ a leaf-fan2 also 9 a fresco at ,pompeii a figure is se5 hold+ a fan :i* ?is au?or mi/akes = t ( a diff]5t %ape1 b :i* is really a p]spective view ( ! planta9-leaf4 ,we see ! tri=m leaf-fan 9 ! h&s ( a ,tanagra figure 9 ! collection ( ,l\is ,f\ld1 illu/rat$ 9 ! ,gazette des ,beaux-,arts = #ahfj2 ?is1 z well z a numb] ( ,tanagra figures1 evid5tly repres5t+ prie/esses ( ,v5us4 ,x is impossible to det]m9e ) any degree ( accuracy ! mat]ial & con/ruction ( ^! fans3 9 "s in/ances !y are evid5tly /ret*$ on a frame1 & adorn$ ) ornam5t ei!r pa9t$ or embroid]$2 occasionally1 also1 ! decorative motif is t ( ! natural ve9+ ( ! leaf2 ! h&les be+ usually v %ort1 9 _m cases sc>cely visible4 ,! slight ve/iges ( col\r rema9+ on ^! /atuettes mu/ 9 no in/ance be tak5 z sugge/+ ! col\r+ ( ! orig9al fans4 ,! bus9ess ( ! ,tanagra sculptor 0 to make a /atuette & n a portrait ( any p>ticul> fan2 ! col\r+ ( ! fan ( ! /atuette w\ld !re=e be det]m9$ by ! g5]al col\r s*eme ( :i* x =m$ a "p4 ,! circul> fan ( peacocks' fea!rs appe>s z e>ly z ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c41 & ev5 at ?is date _h already be5 us$ 9 ,asia ,m9or4 ,ref]5ces to ! fea!r-fan are ( con/ant occurr5ce 9 ! writ+s ( ,greek au?ors4 ,a slave 9 ! ,ore/es ( ,euripides exclaims3 #8,aft] ! ,phrygian fa%ion ,i *anc$ ) ! close circle ( fea!rs to be fann+ ! gale1 t sport$ 9 ! r+lets ( ,hel54' ,in/ances ( ! fea!r-fan are common on ,greek vases1--on ! ,campanian ,hydra 7,f4 #bab71 ,briti% ,museum1 ! %ape 9 ?is in/ance be+ t ( ! rev]s$ he>t4 ,9 ! f\r? vase room1 on an oil-flask1 ) ,aphrodite seat$ 9 ! lap ( ,adonis1 a figure appe>s hold+ a v l>ge fan1 b simil> 9 %ape to ! fir/ m5tion$2 & on ! ,apulian ,hydra1 ,f4 #ceb1 a fan appe>s :i* is evid5tly a conv5tional repres5tation ( ! peacock fea!r-fan4 ,! long-h&l$ fan 0 also adopt$ by ! ,greeks1 ^! be+ wav$ by s]vants or att5dants1 z 9 ,egypt4 ,! ,etruscans1 among/ :om ! luxury ( ! fan is e>ly se51 & :o transmitt$ x lat] to ! ,romans1 us$ ! peacock fea!rs1 ( diff]5t l5g?s1 9 a semicircle3 su* a fan appe>s on a l>ge vase 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,an ,,apulian ,,hydra4 7,briti% ,museum47 ,on an ,etruscan crat]1 repres5t+ ,h]acles /rangl+ ! s]p5ts1 surr\nd$ by ! great] gods1 a fan ( pla9 fea!rs is held 9 ! h& ( "o ( ! att5dants4 ,on a s>cophagus at ,vulci1 f\nd 9 ! w9t] ( #ahde-f1 a female figure appe>s wav+ a l>ge fan1 1 id5tical 9 %ape ) fans us$ 9 ,india at ! pres5t day4 ,9 ! ,grotta del ,sole e della ,luna 7tomb ( ! ,sun & ,moon7 at ,vulci1 discov]$ 9 #ahcj1 "o ( ! ceil+s has a s+ul> fan-patt]n1 giv5 9 ,mon4 ,in$4 ,in/41 i4 tav4 xli41 ! c\nt]p>t ( :i* is f\nd 9 two tombs at ,c]vetri1 :5ce we may conclude x 0 no uncommon decoration 9 ,etruscan h\ses4#bd ,9 ! ,museo ,gregorio1 ,rome1 are half-a-doz5 h&les ( fans1 ) holes = ?reads or wire1 to tie 9 fea!rs or leaves4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,rape ( ,hel54 #8,v]nis ,m>t94' ,lady ,l9dsay4 #8,! fa%ion ( ! fan1' says ,m4 de ,l9as1#be #80 probably introduc$ into ,italy 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,we le>n f ,dionysius ( ,halic>nassus1 t ,ari/odemus1 tyrant ( ,cum1 & ally ( ,pors5na1 corrupt$ ! y\?s ( ?is t[n by mak+ !m effem9ate buffoons1 accompani$ by foll[]s :o c>ri$ ! flabellum & umbrella4' ,! fan1 al?\gh p]haps 9 less con/ant use by ! ,romans1 0 /ill an article ( v g5]al employm5t4 ,9 ! ,eunu*us ( ,t]5ce we are introduc$ to a pretty sc5e 9 :i* ! fan plays an important "p4 ,*a]ea is relat+ to ,antipho 8 good =tune ) ! fair ,?ais3 ,,*a]ea4 ,:ile ,i 0 revolv+ ^! ?+s 9 my m9d1 ! virg9 mean:ile 0 call$ away to ba!2 %e goes1 ba!s1 & returns1 aft] :i* !y laid h] on a c\*2 ,i /& wait+ to see if !y _h any ord]s = me4 ,at la/1 "o came up & said--#8,"h1 ,dorus1 take ?is fan1 &1 :ile we are ba?+1 fan h] ?us4 ,:5 we h done y may ba! too1 if y h a m9d4' ,i take x v demurely4 ,,antipho4 ,i c\ld h !n wi%$ to see t impud5t face ( ?9e1 & ! awkw>d figure s great a booby mu/ make hold+ a fan4 ,,*a]ea4 ,sc>ce _h %e done speak+1 :5 9 a mom5t !y all hurri$ out ( ! room1 & ran to ! ba? 9 a noisy mann]1 z is usual :5 ma/]s are abs5t4 ,meantime1 ! virg9 falls asleep4 ,i /eal a private glance ?us1 ) ! corn] ( my eye1 ?r\gh ! fan2 at ! same "t look r\nd ev]y:]e1 to see if ! coa/ 0 q cle>4444 ,! ,romans employ$ ! fly-flap 7musc>ium7 =m$ ( peacocks' fea!rs1 :i* 0 (t5 provid$ ) a long h&le1 s t ! fan c\ld be wav$ by a s]vant 7flabellif]71 :o protect$ 8 mi/ress f ! insects dur+ sleep4 ,plautus1 ,tr9ummus1 ,,ii4 i41 ref]s to ^! flabillif]ae1 b 9 ?is in/ance ! t]m is obvi\sly appli$ to female fan-be>]s4 ,prop]tius1 ,,ii4 xxiv4 #aa1 speaks ( flabella ( ! tail fea!rs ( ! peacock4 ,! peacock fly-flap is also ref]r$ to by ,m>tial1 xiv4 #fg3 #8,:at1 f ?y food1 repels pr(an+ flies1 ,/rutt$1 a gorge\s tra91 ) ,gemmy eyes4' #8,lamb]e quae turpes prohibet tua pr&ia muscas1 ,alitis eximiae cauda sup]ba fuit4' ,! same au?or1 ,,iii4 lxxii4 #aj-aa1 says ( ,zoilus t :5 ov]come by ! heat1 a pleasant coolness is waft$ ab\t him ) a leek-gre5 flabellum4 ,! ,romans also adopt$ ! tail ( ! yak1 b ?is la/1 :i* appe>s to h be5 import$ f ,india1 0 n s commonly us$ z ! tabell1 a species ( fan ( squ>e or circul> %ape1 =m$ ( preci\s wood or v f9ely cut ivory1 ref]r$ to by ,ovid 9 ! ?ird book ( 8 ,amores4 #8,w\ld/ ?\1' he exclaims1 #8h an agreeable zephyr to refre% ?y face8 ,?is tablet agitat$ by my h& w give y ?is pleasure4' ,^? also 7 ! fans ! "y ,roman exquisites c>ri$ :5 accompany+ _! mi/resses along ! ,via ,sacra1 fann+ !m gallantly1 repres5tations ( :i* appe> on vases 9 ! ,l\vre4#bf ,prop]tius1 also1 9 ! f\r? book ( 8 ,elegies1 repres5ts ,h]cules z seat$ at ! feet ( ,omphale1 fan 9 h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,an ,,etruscan ,,vase4 7,briti% ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,an ,ea/]n ,pot5tate tak+ tea4 f9ely pa9t$ 9 g\a*e on gold gr\nd1 ,fr5*1 c4 #aghj4 /ick mod]n4 ,mrs ,hung]=d ,poll5 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,f> ,,ea/ ,,india ,illu/ration ,x is difficult = ! ,we/]n m9d to realise ! degree ( importance assum$ by ! fan1 ! fly-flap1 & ! umbrella1 9 ! c\ntries ( ! ,f> ,ea/1 especially ,india2 ^! objects be+ reg>d$ ) an affection almo/1 inde$ actually1 am\nt+ to rev]5ce4 ,its primal cause is to be f\nd 9 ! ov]p[]+ insi/5ce ( ! sun's rays1 & ! s5se ( grateful relief af=d$ by %ade & di/urbance ( ! air4 ,to discov] its orig9 we mu/ look back1 beyond ! age ( leg5d>y lore1 to actual my?ology1 :5 we f9d repres5tations ( ! ,puranic snake gods ( ,india ) ! sacr$ umbrella ov] _! heads1 att5d$ by ,*]ubim wav+ ! fan & ! fly-flap4 ,simil>ly we f9d ! sacr$ five- or sev5-head$ cobra itself assum+ ! (fice ( sun%ade1 upre>+ its hood to =m a canopy = ,buddha or = ! ,h9doo gods4 ,9 ! ,mahbhrata1 ! anci5t epic ( ,h9do/an1 we h a description ( ! dea? ( ! mon>* ,pnd\1 9 :i* great cr[ds assemble at ! bi] to d homage to ! dead1 br++ (f]+s ( fly-flaps & :ite umbrellas1 ! latt] hav+ ea* a hundr$ ribs ( pure gold1 ! donors !reby ensur+ = !mselves a place 9 ,p>adise4 ,9 ! same epic1 ! poet repres5ts ! sacr$ ,k>na1 9 ! mid/ ( ! acclamations ( victory1 seat$ maje/ically ^u 8 ?rone1 b5ea? ! emblems ( ! umbrella1 ! fan1 & ! fly-flap2 ^! be+ reg>d$ z ! mo/ solemn symbols ( /ate ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/4 ,?us1 ! title ( ! ,k+ ( ,burmah is #8,"l ( ! tw5ty-f\r umbrellas1' ?is be+ ! numb] always borne be=e ! ,emp]or ( ,*9a ^u e /ate occasion1 & accompany+ him ev5 to ! hunt+-field4#bg ,! connection betwe5 ?is umbrella-rev]5ce & primitive tree-wor%ip is abundantly e/abli%$1 bo? hav+ _! orig9 9 climatic conditions4 ,on ! ,san*i ,tope is figur$ ! sacr$ fl[]+ ,sal tree 7b5ea? :i* ,gautama ,buddha di$ at ,kasia71 surm\nt$ by two ,*hatras1 ^!1 toge!r ) ! tree1 be+ adorn$ ) g>l&s4 ,aga91 on ! ,great ,tope at ,buddha ,gaya1 ,b4,c4 #bej1 erect$ 9 front ( ! sacr$ ,bo tree 7,ficus religiosa71 b5ea? :i* ,gautama atta9$ to ! ,buddhahood1 are umbrellas hung ) g>l&s4 ,also 9 a ,?ibetan picture ( ! dea? ( ,gautama giv5 9 ,dr4 ,waddell's ,buddhism ( ,?ibet1 we see a g>l&$ & fe/oon$ umbrella 9 ! c5tre ov] ,buddha1 ) att5dants wav+ fly-flaps1 & on ! "r a l>ge /&>d fan4 ,s deeply root$1 inde$1 is ! rev]5ce = ! umbrella1 & s completely 9 ! m9ds ( ! populace are ^! objects id5tifi$ ) regal p[]1 t1 ^u ! occasion ( ! visit ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales 7,k+ ,edw>d ,,vii47 to ,india1 x 0 deem$ necess>y = 8 ,royal ,highness to appe> b5ea? a gold5 umbrella on an elephant 9 ord] t 8 sov]eign dignity might be demon/rat$4 ,9 ! manuscript ( ,ni$] ,mu5/] ( ,ratisbon1 n[ 9 ! libr>y at ,muni*1 we f9d a curi\s bl5d+ ( ! tree & umbrella =m1 introduc$ z accessories 9 repres5tations ( ! f\r evangeli/s1 d\btless m]ely int5d$ z conv5tional floral =ms1 b evid5tly ! "w ( "s monki% illum9ator :o _h become influ5c$ by ,ori5tal my?ology4 ,9 ,ratisbon1 also1 is an illum9ation ( ,*ri/ be>+ ! cross1 to "o arm ( :i* is atta*$ a half-clos$ umbrella1 reproduc$ 9 ,curiosits ,my/rieuses4 #8,le pommeau1' says ! *ronicl]1 #8e/ orn de ce que les ,roma9s nomm5t ,ombrell9o 7petit dais en p>asol74 ,s'il s'agissait c\p sr de ce baldaqu9 7qui e/ le propre de c]ta9s dignitaires7 n\s p\rrions rappel] que ce mot figurait dj dans l'tiquette impriale avant ,con/ant94'#bh ,on ,attic & o!r ,greek vases ( ! ?ird & f\r? c5tury ,b4,c41 to quote ,sir ,george ,birdwood1 x is (t5 v difficult to di/+ui% ! fan f ! umbrella4 #8,:]e x is di/9ctly an umbrella1 x is ei!r ( ! peak$ ,assyrian =m1 or ( ! dome-7#8rondel' ( ,val5tij91 etc41 & #8arundels' ( ,fry]7 topp$ ,indian =m 7*hatra72 & :5 x is di/9ctly a fan1 x is usually ( ! ,indian type1 det]m9$ by ! fan palm frond & ! peacock fea!r1 & r>ely ( ! ,egyptian type det]m9$ by ! date-palm & ! o/ri* fea!r4' ,9 ! e>ly ,p]sian bas-reliefs1 says ,*>d9 9 8 ,voyages1 ! k+s ( ,p]sia are frequ5tly repres5t$ 9 ! act ( m\nt+ on horseback surr\nd$ by beautiful slaves2 ! duty ( "o be+ t ( hold+ an umbrella ov] ! head ( ! mon>*4 ,?is1 n only = ! purpose ( protect+ ! sov]eign f ! rays ( ! sun1 b also to demon/rate 8 absolute "r ( life & dea? ov] bo? prison]s & subjects4 ,umbrellas =m$ an important feature 9 ! ,greek ,bac*ic processions4 ,ari/ophanes ref]s to :ite umbrellas & baskets1 signify+ pomp & joy1 z be+ int5d$ to recall to m5 ! acts ( ,c]es & ,pros]p9e1 & con/antly borne by virg9s at all religi\s c]emonials4 ,9 a m9iature 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,p>is1 ( ,sivaji on ! m>*1 a sayiban or sun-fan is se51 hav+ an arrangem5t ( drap]y 9 =m ( a curta9 or valance4#bi ,"h we discov] a po9t ( contact betwe5 ! fan & ! umbrella1 al?\gh x is probable t 9 ?is in/ance its use z a %ade-giv+ in/rum5t _h n develop$4 ,a mu* clos] =m-connection1 h[ev]1 betwe5 fan & umbrella is se5 9 ! simple leaf section ( ! ,palmyra palm1 cut level at ! top1 us$ by ! natives 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,india4 ,?is assumes exactly ! %ape ( ! pleat$ fan1 ! pleat+ =m$ by ,nature's deft h&s4 ,! l>ge ,c+alese umbrella us$ by headsm5 & at w$d+s is ( ! same %ape1 made ( ! "y leaves ( ! talipot palm1 (t5 ri*ly decorat$ ) plait$ patt]ns 9 v>i\s col\rs1 & ) mica inlay4 ,( simil> =m1 also1 is ! sacr$ processional p>asol ( ! ,indian ,mussulmans 7,%ia sect7 & ! ,h9dus4 ,! fan1 !re=e1 mu/ be consid]$ z "p ( a cont9u\s developm5t f ! umbrella symbol ( might & p[]1 employ$ equally 9 ! ,ea/ z 9 ! ,we/1 & ! inf9itude ( milit>y & processional fan-l /&>ds & sceptral fans1 to ! h&-fan & fly-:isk4 ,we discov] a direct aff9ity betwe5 ! hiss+ ( ! w9d ?r\gh ! op5 metal m\? & silk5 bag ( ! ,roman ,dragon /&>d1 & ! beat+ ( ! w+s ( ! ,norse ,rav51 us$ = a simil> purpose2 betwe5 ! ,assyrian disc /&>ds ) ! div9e ar*] /&+ on ! sacr$ bull1 & ! crucif]al discs employ$ at a m rec5t date 9 ,*ri/ian ,*ur* c]emonial2 betwe5 ! *auri wav$ ov] ! head ( ,kri%na1 & ! waft+ ( div9e influ5ce by ! angelic att5dants ^u ! ,savi\r 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian missal-pa9t+4 ,! alums or allums us$ 9 ! ,moh>ram procession 9 ,india are analog\s to ! /&>ds us$ by ! ,greeks & ,romans1 & ^? figur$ on ! gates ( ! ,san*i ,tope1 consi/+ n only ( flags & bann]s1 b ( all sorts ( devices 9 metal1 rais$ on ! top ( a long /aff & c>ri$ to battle4#cj ,illu/ration3 ,,c+alese ,s,,sata 7,made ( ! leaf ( ! talipot palm1 enri*$ ) plates ( mica1 ! h&le lacqu]$ wood2 l5g?1 includ+ h&le1 #g feet47 ,! ,c+alese ,ssata1 a c]emonial fan = royal & religi\s use1 or = att5dance ^u great p]sonages1 consi/s ( an embroid]$ clo? disc1 or talipot leaf1 decorat$ ) images ( ! sun1 moon1 etc41 ) mica & o!r mat]ials introduc$1 m\nt$ on a lacqu]$ /aff4 ,t5ants ( ! fir/ rank att5d ! ,disvta 7"l *ief7 on j\rneys1 convey 8 ord]s1 c>ry+ ! great bann]1 /ate umbrella1 & ,ssata4#ca ,a small] disc-fan1 ! disc cov]$ ) crimson velvet1 ! h&le ab\t fifte5 in*es long1 ( c>v$ ivory1 ri*ly inlaid1 occurs 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,! royal /&>d1 bann]1 or ensign1 employ$ 9 ,india1 compos$ ( peacocks' fea!rs1 is illu/rat$ 9 a ,,ms4 copy ( ! ,akb>-,namah 7c4 #aeig71 ! =m be+ circul>1 & also t ( a some:at elongat$ semicircle4 ,illu/ration ,! fly-flap1 *[r1 *[rie1 *\rie1 *aurie1 is next 9 dignity to ! umbrella1 & 0 9 ! fir/ in/ance devot$ to ! s]vice ( ! gods4 ,on a bas-relief ( ! pagoda ( ,elephanta1 describ$ by ! ,ori5tali/ ,langls 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,h9do/an1 a s]vant is se5 beh9d ,brahma & ,indra hold+ 9 ea* h& *auries or fly-:isks4 ,9 ! ,india ,museum is a *>m+ little *aurie ) silv] h&le & ribbons ( silv] gauze tipp$ ) r$ silk1 us$ by ,ja9s to drive away insects f _! idol )\t de/roy+ !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fly-,,:isk 7,f a pa9t+ on talc4 ,madras4 ,n9ete5? c5tury47 ,*auries are =m$ ( v>i\s mat]ials--( ivory1 ! /rips ( :i* are sometimes cut to incr$ible f95ess = su* a sub/ance2 9 ^! cases ! h&les are =m$ ( ! same mat]ial1 ri*ly c>v$--( ! bu%y tail ( ! ,himalayan yak1 bo? black & :ite1 ! h&les ei!r ( metal1 ivory1 or wood--( s&alwood1 also cut into ! f9e/ possible /rips1 ! h&les ri*ly c>v$2 ! wav+ ( ^! *auries emitt+ a f9e fragrance--( ! /ripp$ quills ( ! l>g] birds1 m g5]ally ! peacock--( horse-hair & ! v>i\s grasses4 ,! h&les 7 (t5 =m$ ( ! horns ( v>i\s animals2 an example occurs 9 ! ,horniman ,museum1 9 :i* in/ance x is ! antelope4 ,! *aurie f ! tail ( ! yak 0 9 anci5t ,india fix$ ^u a gold or ornam5t$ %aft betwe5 ! e>s ( ! w>-horse1 l ! plume ( ! w>-horse ( *ivalry2 ! bann] or bann]et1 ) ! device ( ! *ief1 rose at ! back ( ! c>4 #8,! wav+ *aurie on ! /e$'s broad br[ po9ts backw>ds1 motionless z a picture4'#cb ,illu/ration3 ,quill1 ,s&al ,wood ,*auries1 ,peacock ,emblem ( ,royalty1 ,yak1 ,ivory ,*auries4 ,india ,museum4 ,?is1 x w be se51 is 9 /rict con=mity to ! usage ( ! anci5t ,egyptians1 :o employ$ ! tall fan emblem 9 a precisely simil> way2 ^! pr\d plumes s]v+ a d\ble purpose--an ornam5tal1 &1 9 ! case ( ,egypt1 ev5 an h]aldic purpose1 & also ! purely utilit>ian "o ( af=d+ ! animal "s relief f fly pe/s4 ,! peacock has ev] be5 reg>d$ z a sacr$ bird1 bo? by ! peoples ( ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/4 ,! ,greek fable ( ,argus ! hundr$-ey$1 ! sleepless gu>dian ( ,io1 s]ves to connect ! idea ( extreme vigilance ) t ( true k+%ip1 i4e4 ! univ]sal pres]v] & fa!r ( ! p4 ,! peacock !re=e pres5t$ a d\ble significance to ! m9ds ( ! ,h9du peoples2 x express$ ! vigilance ( k+%ip toge!r ) its magnific5ce4 ,! peacock fea!r emblem ( royalty is ! sign or insignia ( ! k+'s high (fice1 & ! pr9cipal evid5ce ( 8 sov]eignty3 :]ev] a k+ appe>s he is accompani$ by an att5dant be>+ ?is emblem1 :i* appe>s 9 all pictorial or o!r repres5tations ( royalty4 ,x 01 d\btless1 9 ! fir/ in/ance a fly-flap1 & is ei!r compos$ entirely ( fea!rs1 or1 x consi/s ( a bun* ( fea!rs enclos$ two-?irds ( ! di/ance 9 a silv] cas+1 usually ornam5t$ ) an imbricat$ patt]n2 ! h&le also ( silv]4 ,sev]al examples ( ?is object appe> 9 ! ,india ,museum1 & numb]less repres5tations occur 9 sculpture1 illum9ation1 embroid]y1 etc4 ,! poet ,valmiki tells ( ! sumptu\s sceptre1 /udd$ ) jewels1 prep>$ = ! sacrifices to ,rama--a magnific5t fan ) a radiant g>l& resembl+ ! full moon 9 ! cle> night sky4 ,illu/ration3 ,,emblem ,,( ,,royalty 7,f an illum9ation ( a ,c\rt reception by ! ,k+ ( ,oudh47 ,! ^w punkh1 or pankh1 f pankh1 a fea!r1 a bird1 is a g5]ic t]m appli$ 9 ,india to all fans1 pankhi mean+ a small fan4 ,?is d]ivation s]ves z an indication ( ! e>ly use ( ! plum$ fan 9 ,india1 :i* divides hon\rs ) ! palm-leaf fan 9 po9t ( antiquity1 & d\btless also z sugge/+ a simil>ity betwe5 ! beat+ ( a bird's w+s & ! movem5t ( ! fan4 ,! e>lie/ plum$ fans probably consi/$ ( a pair ( complete w+s set %\ld] to %\ld]1 resembl+ ! caduceus ( ,m]cury1 :i* 0 reg>d$ z a symbol ( happ9ess1 peace1 & concord1 ! w+s express+ dilig5ce4 ,fea!r-fans assume all mann] ( %apes1 z ! l>ge r\nd bann]-fans already ref]r$ to2 ! famili> cresc5t-l =m ) a %ort h&le set horizontally at its base2 & ! v>i\s h&-scre5s1 ^! ei!r compos$ entirely ( peacocks' fea!rs1 ! brea/ & neck fea!rs =m+ a patt]n 9 ! c5tre1 ) a bord] ( tail fea!rs2 or1 ! c5tre =m$ ( plait$ pi? & cane ( v>i\s col\rs1 beetles' w+s1 etc41 ) ! bord] aga9 ( fea!rs2 ! h&les be+ ( cane or wood1 or ( wood cov]$ ) cane /ripp+s or o!r mat]ial4 ,illu/ration3 ,,royal ,,/&>ds 7,f a ,,ms4 copy ( ! ,akb>-,namah4 ,sixte5? c5tury47 ,9 ,p]sia & ,arabia1 f ! fir/ c5turies ( our era1 fans 7 made ( o/ri* fea!rs1 _m be+ ornam5t$ ) t =m ( inscription :i* is su* a lead+ feature ( ! decorative art ( ^! c\ntries4 ,illu/ration3 ,l>ge ,h& ,fan ( ,s&al ,wood1 ,indian4 #ah? ,c5t4 pi]c$ c>v$4 ,mrs ,hung]=d ,poll54 ,! cresc5t-%ap$ h&-fan also dates f a v e>ly p]iod4 ,9 its primitive =m1 x is se5 9 ! pa9t$ decoration ( ! ,buddhi/ cave-temples ( ,ajanta 7fir/ c5tury ,b4,c4 to eigh? c5tury ,a4,d471 ! example giv5 be+ probably ornam5t$ ) /rips or panels ( mica1 ! con/ructional portion ( cane or pi?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h&-,,fan 7,f ! cave pa9t+s at ,ajanta47 ,a v>iant ( ?is =m1 /ill m simple 9 its con/ruction1 is se5 9 "o ( ! sculptur$ r\ndels ( ! ,buddhi/ tope at ,am>avati1 ,s\!rn ,india1 circa second c5tury ,a4,d42 an att5dant ^u a great p]sonage waves a circul> fan1 hav+ ! h&le /ret*$ across ! face1 ) a circul> op5+ ne> ! l[] edge to enable ! h&le to be gripp$4 ,all ! =ego+ types obta9 at ! pres5t day1 & are z mod]n z !y are anci5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plait$ ,,grass-,,fan 7,f ! ,am>avati ,tope47 ,! flag =m ( fan is1 if possible1 a /ill m rem>kable in/ance ( ! p]si/5ce ( c]ta9 decorative motifs ?r\gh\t long p]iods ( ! _w's hi/ory4 ,?is type1 aga91 is 9 use at ! pres5t day--! page ( examples illu/rat$ are ( ! mid-n9ete5? c5tury--?is id5tical =m appe>s 9 ! wall-pa9t+s at ,ajanta2#cc x is also se5 9 ,egyptian & ,assyrian sculptur$ reliefs2 x 0 employ$ by ! ,copts f ! ?ird to ! six? c5tury1 & e>li] 9 ,arabia2 x 0 9 g5]al use 9 ,italy dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,!re c be no possibility ( d\bt t ?is =m ( fan 0 common to ! :ole ( ! ,ea/ & to a great] portion ( ! ,we/1 & has endur$ ?r\gh\t ! c5turies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,flag-,,fan 7,f ! cave pa9t+s at ,ajanta47 ,^! fans are ( two k9ds--rigid & flexible2 9 bo? in/ances !y are inv>iably plait$1 ! mat]ial be+ /ripp$ palm1 bamboo1 ivory1 peacock quills1 etc4 ,! rigid v>iety is (t5 plac$ loose 9 ! h&le1 to all[ ( its be+ swung r\nd & r\nd l a policeman's rattle4 ,see illu/ration opposite4 ,! hat*et or halb]d %ape is a developm5t ( ! flag =m1 & v>ies f ! simple blade to t ( a highly ornam5tal %ape4 ,! mat]ial is silk1 velvet1 clo? or o!r tissue1 (t5 ri*ly embroid]$ ) gold & silv] ?read1 spangles1 beetles' w+s1 etc41 ) a fr+e ( ei!r silv] t9sel or peacocks' fea!rs2 ! h&les be+ ( wood1 cane1 or silv]4 ,^! are at pres5t l>gely made at ,delhi4 ,occasionally ! fan is entirely =m$ ( ?read$ glass beads ( v>i\s col\rs =m+ a patt]n ^u a wire framework1 ) a fr+e ( t9sel1 ! h&le also ov]laid ) beads4 ,! primitive palm-fan occurs on ! olde/ ,h9do/ani bas-reliefs1 & is describ$ by ! poets4 ,?is primeval fan /ill =ms "p ( ! attire ( c]ta9 ,buddhi/ prie/s 9 ,siam1 & f x !y take _! "n ( #8,talapo9s'2 ! fan's "n be+ #8talapat1' or #8palm-tree-leaf' 9 ! ,siamese language4 ,illu/ration3 #8,,talapat' ,,fan ,,pankh4 7,embroid]$ velvet1 ) silv] h&le4 ,moor%$abad4 ,india ,museum47 ,,f ,,an ,,illum9ation ,?is =m 7! rev]s$ he>t7 is common to bo? ! small] h&-fans & ! l>g] c]emonial & processional fans4 ,! natural palm-leaf is employ$1 trimm$ to ! requir$ %ape1 & us$ ei!r pla91 or pa9t$ 9 brilliant col\rs1 or =m+ a base = a cov]+ ( embroid]y1 fea!rs or /uffs1 z 9 ! example f ,moor%$abad 7illu/rat$71 :i* is ( velvet1 embroid]$ ) silv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,flag ,fans1 split palm bamboo4 #ai?4 ,c5t4 ,bead$ ,fan1 ,palm ,leaf ,fan ) mica ins]tions4 ,india ,museum4 ,! lat]al =m1 9 :i* ! leaf is set sidewise on ! /em1 foll[s ! same pr9ciple ( decorative developm5t4 ,x is us$ pla91 pa9t$1 inlaid ) talc z 9 ! example illu/rat$1 is embroid]$ ) silk1 spangles1 beetles' w+s1 etc42 x also supplies ! %ape or decorative motif = fans ( a diff]5t mat]ial1 z 9 ! in/ance ( ! f\r long-h&l$ fans1 =m+ portion ( ! ,burmese regalia1 obta9$ f ,m&alay 9 #ahhe1 examples ( a b>b>ic spl5d\r only to be f\nd 9 ! gorge\s ,ea/4 ,^! are ( gold1 jewell$ ) rubies & ! #8nan-ratan' or n9e /one1 ! h&les ov]laid ) gold & also jewell$4 ,among/ fans =m$ ( ! m preci\s mat]ials is a disc-%ap$ fan ( gold1 set ) cabo*on sapphires1 an (f]+ d$icat$ by ,krti ri to ! #8,too? relic4'#cd ,figur$ 9 ,m$ival ,s9halese ,art1 ,a4 ,k4 ,coom>asw>my4 ,9 ! collection ( ! ,b>oness ,salomon de ,ro?s*ild at ,p>is is a fan ( jade1 ri*ly /udd$ ) jewels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fan ,,( ,,gold 7,=m+ portion ( ! ,burmese ,regalia4 ,india ,museum47 ,fans are also made ( ! sweet-sc5t$ ,khaskhs root 7,&ropogon muricatus71 & z ^! are g5]ally us$ aft] be+ wett$1 !y imp>t to ! air a cool fragrance2 !y are (t5 highly ornam5t$ ) gold & silv] spangles1 gold ?read1 t9sel1 beetles' w+s1 etc41 & occasionally provid$ ) ivory h&les4 ,a pretty example occurs at ,kew1 :]e !re is an excell5t collection ( fans made ( ! v>i\s vegetable sub/ances4 ,fans ( talc1 decorat$ ) exquisite illum9ation1 7 made at ,tanjore dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,specim5s occur 9 ! ,india ,museum1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portion ,,( ,,an ,,embroid]$ ,,musl9 ,,napk94 7,*amba4 ,n9ete5? c5tury47 ,repres5tations ( ! fan are ( con/ant occurr5ce 9 ,indian "w1 bo? illum9ation1 embroid]y1 sculpture1 & o!r mat]ial4 ,on a curi\sly primitive embroid]$ napk9 f ,*amba1 we are introduc$ to ! wor%ip ( a ,h9du deity--a k+ & que5 are kneel+ "u a palm-tree1 ! god ,gane% 9 ! di/ance ) flag-fan2 an att5dant be>s ! peacock fea!r emblem ( royalty1 a second att5dant waves a l>ge he>t-%ap$ fan4 ,on a small mat or pad ( enamell$ lea!r 7,hyd]abad1 n9ete5? c5tury71 we see a :imsical comb9ation ( ,kri%na & 8 damsels =m+ ! similitude ( an elephant1 ! umbrella1 pankh1 & two fly-flapp]s be+ 9 evid5ce4 ,a beautiful illum9ation f a ,,ms4 copy ( ! ,akb>-,namah1 above quot$1 %[s a pr9ce seat$ ^u 8 ?rone 9 ! act ( receiv+ (f]+s2 an att5dant waves a fly-flap beh9d ! ?rone1 a second att5dant be>s "o ( ! l>ge pankhs beautifully embroid]$ 9 gold & col\rs4 ,we are also 9 ano!r illum9ation introduc$ to a beautiful fl[]$ p>t]re1 9 :i* a ,mongol pr9cess is seat$ be=e a rippl+ f\nta92 att5dants wait ^u h] ) fruits1 vases conta9+ ungu5ts1 spices1 etc42 beh9d1 a female att5dant waves ! fly-flap4 ,9 ! decoration ( ! entrance gate ( ! temple at ,ajmir1 a pr9ce appe>s 9 a h[dah on ! back ( an elephant1 an att5dant sits beh9d wav+ a fly-flap1 a second flabellif] is seat$ on ! head ( ! animal2 ! pr9ce himself holds a small fan 9 8 h&1 an att5dant on foot be>s ! pankh1 & ano!r ! insignia ( royalty4 ,fair & delicate ?\gh ^! creations ( ,ea/]n +5uity may be1 ! g5ius ( ,ori5tal imag]y & fancy has discov]$ = u a /ill m delicate & effective in/rum5t--a ,sanskrit poet rec\nts a graceful fable ( a pr9cess ( extreme beauty1 :o1 al?\gh con/antly att5d+ & fann+ ! div9e fire ) a view to increas+ ! prosp]ity ( h] fa!r1 nev] succe$$ 9 produc+ a flame save by ! brea? ( h] *>m+ lips4 ,illu/ration ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,f> ,,ea/--,cont9u$ ,,*9a ,illu/ration3 ,,circul> ,,fan #8,l ! ,moon' borne by ! gu>d ( an ,imp]ial concub9e4 ,*9ese au?orities are at v>iance conc]n+ ! inv5tion ( ! fan1 :i* has be5 attribut$ to ! ,emp]or ,hsi5 ,yan1 ,b4,c4 #bfig2 to ! ,emp]or ,%un1 ,b4,c4 #bbee1 & to ! fir/ rul] ( ! ,*\ dyna/y1 ,b4,c4 #aabb4 ,accord+ to a ,*9ese leg5d1 x _h its orig9 at ! ,fea/ ( ,lant]ns1 :]e1 on an occasion :5 ! heat became p>ticul>ly oppressive1 ! beautiful daught] ( a m&>9 took (f h] mask1 & agitat$ x s z to fan ! air into a g5tle breeze2 ! re/ ( ! fair revell]s 7 s mu* /ruck ) ! grace ( ! motion t !y "o & all let fall _! masks & foll[$ ! example ( ! m&>9's daught]4 ,! e>lie/ fans 7 ( ! dy$ fea!rs ( v>i\s birds1 & ^? ( ! peacock4 ,we h an acc\nt ( a pres5t ( two fans ( fea!rs ( #8tsio r\ge1' (f]$ to ! ,emp]or ,t*ao-wang ( ! ,*\ dyna/y1 ,b4,c4 #ajeb1 by ! ,k+ ( ,?\-sie\1 & x is affirm$ 9 ! #8,t*ou-li' t "o ( ! *>iots ( ! empress c>ri$ a fea!r-fan = ! purpose ( keep+ ! :eels free f du/4 ,! poet ,?\-f\1 9 ! #8,song ( ,autumn1' ref]s to fans ( pheasants' fea!rs z 9 royal use4 ,! ,emp]or ,kao-,tsong1 ( ! ,*ang dyna/y1 #acbc-abff ,b4,c41 hav+ he>d ! cry ( ! pheasant1 an om5 ( good luck1 resolv$ !nce=? to use only fans compos$ ( ! tail fea!rs ( ?is bird4 ,illu/ration3 ,*9ese ,fan1 pap] m\nt1 pa9t$1 ) m$allion ( ,! ,visit1 /ick silv]-gilt filigree enamel1 #ah? ,c5t4 ,mr ,m4 ,tomk9son4 ,^! h cont9u$ 9 ! s]vice ( royalty to a late p]iod4 ,a w+-%ap$ example1 set lat]ally 9 a r$ lacqu]$ h&le1 appe>+ 9 ! h& ( an att5dant1 9 a f9e pa9t$ roll1 by ,*'9 ,y+ ( ! ,m+ dyna/y1 illu/rat+ ! occupations ( ,c\rt ladies1 ! l>g] fea!rs numb]+ sev51 ?is be+ ! sacr$ numb] compos+ ! fan1 :i* is ! attribute ( ,*ung-li ,*'uan1 "o ( ! eight ,taoi/ ,immortals1 ! sev5 broad fea!rs correspond+ to ! con/ellation ( sev5 />s on ! left ( ! moon 7,great ,be>71 ! seat 9 ! ,taoi/ heav5s ( _! supreme deity1 ,%ang ,ti1 r\nd :om all ! o!r /> gods circulate 9 homage4 ,?is fan is illu/rat$ on ! l>ge lacqu]$ scre5 at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 repres5t+ ! ,taoi/ ,g5ii wor%ipp+ ! god ( ,longevity1 & con/antly figures 9 pictorial & o!r repres5tations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,a ,,pa9t$ ,,roll ,,( ,,m+ ,,dyna/y 7,briti% ,museum47 ,simil> fans ) sev]al r[s ( po9t$ fea!rs appe> 9 pa9t$ & decorative "w2 a curi\s example be+ se5 9 a l>ge draw+ f ,tonk9 7,l\vre74 ,! out] r[ ( fea!rs1 :ite & pale blue2 ! second1 yell[2 ! ?ird1 ^? ( ! peacock2 ! body ( ! fan1 gre51 r$1 :ite1 & blue4 ,9 ! lacqu]$ scre5 above ref]r$ to1 a l>ge fan ( ?is "* is wav$ ov] ! head ( "o ( ! devotees rid+ al(t on a cl\d1 w5d+ 8 way t[>ds ! m\nta9 p>adise1 ! home ( ! ,god4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fan ,,( ,,hsi ,,wang ,,mu 7,f a ,japanese pa9t+4 ,briti% ,museum47 ,! fea!r-fan is "o ( ! *ief attributes ( ,hsi ,wang ,mu1 ! fam$ ,que5 ( ! ,g5ii 7,royal ,"m ( ! ,we/71 ^: dwell+ 0 a m\nta9 palace 9 ,c5tral ,asia1 :]e %e held ,c\rt ) h] fairy legions & receiv$ ! great ,taoi/ ,ri%is & c]ta9 fav\r$ mortals1 & ^: am\rs ) ! ,han ,emp]or ,wu ,ti h giv5 mu* occupation = bo? au?or & arti/4#ce ,illu/ration3 ,,:ite ,,plum$ ,,fan ,,( ,,hsi ,,wang ,,mu 7,f a pa9t+ ( ! ,*9ese ,s*ool ( ,japan4 ,briti% ,museum47 ,h] fan is borne by "o ( h] f\r h&maid5s1 :o1 l ! ,dva ,k+s ( ,m\nt ,sum]u1 are sev]ally relat$ to ! f\r po9ts ( ! compass4 ,x assumes v>i\s %apes1 z t ( a w+1 9 ! pa9t+ by a pupil ( ,it*o ri ( ! ,japanese popul> s*ool1 ,briti% ,museum1 #agbb2 a bun* ( long po9t$ plumes set 9 a bamboo h&le1 9 ! pa9t+ 7,*9ese ,s*ool ( ,japan1 ,briti% ,museum1 #ggh71 9 :i* a "y girl 9 de]-sk91 /&+ b5ea? ! sacr$ pea*-tree ( ! ,immortals1 (f]s ! fruit to ! goddess :o1 ) h] att5dant be>+ ! fan1 appe>s ^u a cl\d above ! waves4 ,! que5 is also repres5t$ ) ! l>ge pe>-%ap$ scre51 z 9 ! pa9t+ ( ! same s*ool1 ,briti% ,museum1 #ajbb1 ! scre5 decorat$ ) ! sun1 moon1 & cl\ds4 ,9 ! pa9t+ previ\sly ref]r$ to 7,no4 #agbb71 ! goddess h]self holds a small] pe>-%ap$ scre54 ,ea* ( ! #8=e-m5tion$ pa9t+s are ,japanese1 b ! fan =ms are1 unque/ionably1 tak5 f old] ,*9ese orig9als4 ,illu/ration3 ,*9ese ,fan4 filigree enamel4 ,victoria ,alb]t ,museum4 ,! e>lie/ illu/rations1 h[ev]1 ( ?is p]sonage & h] fan1 & probably ! olde/ repres5tations ( fans 9 ,*9ese art1 are ^? ( ! sculptures ( ! ,han dyna/y1 ,b4,c4 #bjf-;,a4,d4 #be4 ,9 ^!1 ,hsi-wang ,mu1 we>+ a coronet$ hat1 is att5d$ by ladies c>ry+ cup1 mirror1 & fan4 ,on ! same relief ! ,emp]or ,mu ,wang ( ! ,*\ dyna/y1 ,b4,c4 #ajja1 is att5d$ by a s]vitor ) fan & t[el or h&k]*ief4 ,9 ! frieze =m+ ! l[] "p ( ! relief1 we see ! #8,*>iot ( ! ,sage' prec$$ by two m5 on foot1 ) /aves & fans4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pe>-,,%ap$ ,,scre5s 7,f pa9t+s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum47 ,on ano!r ( ^! reliefs1 repres5t+ ! discov]y ( "o ( ! sacr$ bronze tripods1 ! anci5t palladia ( ! k+dom1 ! two commission]s deput$ by ! ,emp]or to sup]9t5d its recov]y f ! riv] are att5d$ by s]vitors be>+ fans4 ,^! are ! small h&-scre5s 7pi5-mi57 describ$ by ,m4 ,rondot z be+ l>g] 9 ! upp] "p1 _! %ape approa*+ t ( a rev]s$ trapezium ) ! angles r\nd$ (f4 ,?is same au?or ref]s to f\r scre5s ( :ite jade 7reg>d$ by ! ,*9ese z ! mo/ preci\s ( preci\s /ones71 ! h&les ( an odorif]\s amb]1 t 7 (f]$ by ! ,emp]or ,*un-,hi ( ! ,s\!rn ,sung dyna/y1 #aagd-aaij1 to 8 ,empress4 ,at ?is "t ! scre5s 7 ornam5t$ ) incru/ation & inscription1 :i* 0 mu* e/eem$1 & ?is au?or quotes a curi\s passage f ! ,annals ( ! ,?si to ! effect t ,wang-sun-p51 ( ,k9-l+1 repres5t$ 9 ! space ( a few in*es a p]spective view ( riv]s1 m\nta9s1 valleys1 & pla9s1 /ret*+ ov] a ?\s& miles ( l&4 ,^! scre5 pictures are ref]r$ to 9 ! ,ku y t'ou pu1 an illu/rat$ catalogue ( anci5t jade1 9 "o hundr$ books1 compil$ 9 #aagf by an imp]ial commission head$ by ,lung ,ta-,yuan1 ,presid5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,rites4 ,! small h&-scre5s assume a v>iety ( =ms--circul>1 pe>-%ap$1 he>t-%ap$1 etc41 & are made ( v>i\s mat]ials1 z--7#a7 ,! natural palm leaf1 se5 9 ! ,*9ese pa9t+1 ,briti% ,museum1 #cg4 7#b7 ,! palm leaf cut to v>i\s %apes1 ) a bamboo h&le runn+ up ! middle1 z 9 ! ,japanese example giv5 on page #fa4 7#c7 ,( bamboo2 f ,*9ese records we le>n t on ! fif? day ( ! fif? mon? ( ! ye> correspond+ to our #bai1 ! ,emp]or pres5t$ to ! memb]s ( ! ,imp]ial ,academy a fan ( bamboo1 c>v$ & pa9t$ blue4 ,!re is also a record ( an exi/+ fan ( oblong =m1 made ( bamboo leaf1 ornam5t$ ) bulru%es1 an inscription on ! field ( ! fan4 ,?is dates f ! six? c5tury ,a4,d4 7#d7 ,( ! turtle %ell3 ! two portions held toge!r ) metal plates1 ) a wood5 or o!r h&le1 examples ( :i* occur 9 ! ,muse ,guimet1 ,p>is4 7#e7 ,( silk /ret*$ ^u a frame1 ) pa9t$ or o!r decoration1 z 9 ! two *>m+ examples illu/rat$ f ! collection ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,crewdson4 ,bo? front & rev]se are giv53 ! latt] decorat$ 9 t sy/em ( fea!r-"w mu* affect$ by ! ,*9ese1 & 9 :i* !y display great skill4 ,! fea!rs are usually ! turquoise t9t$ plumes ( ! k+fi%]3 9 ! pres5t in/ance ! design is alt]nat$ by an imbrication ( peacocks' fea!rs4 ,! h&les are ( c>v$ ivory4 ,illu/ration3 ,h& scre51 ,*9ese1 pa9t$ silk1 rev]se embroid]$ fea!r "w1 c>v$ ivory h&le4 ,mr ,wilson ,crewdson4 ,!re are also ! cockade scre5s1 usually ( ivory or s&alwood4 ,repres5tations ( ! e>li] l>ge c]emonial bann] scre5s appe> on a c>v$ p$e/al ( a ,buddhi/ image1 ,nor!rn ,wei dyna/y1 ,a4,d4 #ebd2 ^! are oval 9 =m1 & are se5 9 bo? sculptur$ & pa9t$ repres5tations d[n to rec5t times4 ,9 ! ,muse ,guimet 9 ,p>is is a l>ge fan ( r$ lacqu] framework 7rev]s$ he>t %ape7 enclos+ a s]ies ( metal ribs ?r\gh :i* ! w9d plays2 9 ! c5tre are pa9t$ dragons4 ,among ! pa9t$ repres5tations 9 ! ,india ,museum1 ( objects f ! ,summ] ,palace at ,pek91 is a circul> scre51 #8l ! moon1' borne by ! gu>d ( an imp]ial concub9e4 ,see illu/ration1 p4 #df4 ,a fav\rite device = ! decoration ( ^! l>g] scre5s is t ( ! fabl$ ,phnix1 ! ,ho bird ( ! ,japanese4 ,?is is se5 9 ! pa9t+ ( ! ,*9ese s*ool ( ,japan1 ,briti% ,museum1 #hbb1 9 :i* "o ( ! two att5dants on a ,*9ese ,emp]or c>ries a long oval scre5 bord]$ ) peacocks' fea!rs1 & ornam5t$ ) two ,phnixes4#cf ,we !re=e p]ceive t ! c]emonies & cu/oms relat+ to ! fan1 no less ?an ! v>i\s =ms :i* ?is in/rum5t assum$1 7 practically id5tical ) ! anci5t peoples ( ! ,ea/ & ,we/2--! same ord] ( developm5t1 hav+ its orig9 9 ! natural sugge/ion af=d$ by ! w+s ( birds & ( ! broad] leav$ plants2 ! fans ( ! ,han dyna/y reliefs1 _! exact c\nt]p>t be+ f\nd 9 ,egypt & ,assyria2 ! rigid h&-scre5s correspond+ to ^? tabell :i* ! ,romans d]iv$ f ! ,greeks1 :o 9 turn receiv$ !m f ! peoples ( ,asia ,m9or1 & :i*1 d\btless1 _h _! orig9 9 ! m remote ,ea/2 ! employm5t ( ! fan 9 bo? religi\s & civil c]emonial & 9 w>4#cg ,among ! ,bat ,bu'u 7eight preci\s ?+s7 c>ri$ at ! end ( /aves by ! inhabitants ( ,annam 9 _! c]emonial processions1 is a fan 7,quat7 symbolis+ ! graceful p]fection ( ! =m ( woman1 & ! light breeze t temp]s ! heat ( ! summ] sun4#ch ,^! ,bat ,bu'u are made 9 ?ree ways-- #a4 ,( c>v$ wood lacqu]$ & gilt4 #b4 ,( t9 or pewt]4 #c4 ,9 ! =m ( transp>5cies to be light$ f )94 ,a huge wood5 fan is c>ri$ z "p ( ! insignia ( a m&>9's procession4#ci ,! inv5tion ( ! fold+-fan is g5]ally cr$it$ to ! +5i\s little inhabitants ( ! l& ( ! ris+ sun2 its date1 h[ev]1 z well z its precise "*1 is impossible to det]m9e ) any?+ approa*+ to accuracy4 ,tradition says t x 0 design$ by an arti/ :o liv$ 9 ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,j5-ji1 ab\t #fgj ,a4,d41 & 0 =m$ ^u ! pr9ciple ( ! con/ruction ( a bat's w+1 ?is be+ 9 con=mity ) ! g5]al usage ( ,japanese design]s1 :o d]iv$ _! arti/ic motifs f natural con/ructive =ms4 ,! date ( its introduction into ,*9a is also a matt] ( consid]able unc]ta9ty3 we h a ref]5ce to x 9 a ,*9ese "w ( ! date #ifj1 to ! effect t ! ts9-!\-*51 or fold+-fan1 0 introduc$ by ,t*ang-p+-hai1 & 0 suppos$ to be (f]$ z a tribute by ! b>b>ians ( ! s\?-ea/1 :o came1 hold+ 9 _! h&s ! pleat$ fan1 :i* occasion$ mu* laught] & ridicule4 ,all ,*9ese au?ors agree1 h[ev]1 t x 0 ! inv5tion ( =eign]s1 i4e4 ! ,japanese1 :o1 toge!r ) ! ,t>t>s1 possess$ fold+-fans be=e !y 7 kn[n 9 ,*9a4#dj ,illu/ration3 ,*9ese ,fan1 pap] m\nt1 pa9t$ ri*ly gilt1 r$ lacqu]$ /ick4 ,miss ,moss4 ,m4 ,rondot records ! fact t at fir/1 only c\rtesans made use ( fold+-fans1 hone/ wom5 c>ri$ r\nd scre5s4#da ,s9ce ! appe>ance ( ! fold+-fan1 v>i\s mat]ials h be5 press$ into its s]vice1 includ+ ivory1 tortoise-%ell1 lacqu]1 "m ( pe>l1 ! v>i\s woods--especially s&alwood1 ! m preci\s metals1 silk1 sk91 & pap]4 ,no nation possesses a ke5] appreciation ( ivory z a vehicle = arti/ic expression ?an ! ,*9ese1 ^: c>v$ balls 9 conc5tric sph]es ( op5 "w are ! wond] ( we/]n peoples4 ,ivory fans date f a v remote p]iod1 x is believ$ z e>ly z #iij ,b4,c41 & are m>vels ( pati5t +5uity4 ,! ,imp]ial ,ivory ,works )9 ! palace at ,pek+ 0 f\nd$ t[>d ! close ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & became ! c5tre = ! be/ production 9 ?is delicate mat]ial4 ,ivory fans are ei!r ( pi]c$ flat op5 "w1 or elaborately c>v$ ) subjects1 ! backgr\nds ( :i* are =m$ by delicate ribb+1 imp>t+ a lightness & s(tness to ! fan n obta9able by any o!r means4 ,an extraord9>ily skilful example is ! cockade-fan 9 ! ,wyatt collection at ,s\? ,k5s+ton2 ?is1 toge!r ) sev]al o!rs 9 ! same collection1 h monograms 9 cursive ,european *>act]s1 & 7 execut$ to ! ord] ( ,europeans4 ,9 ea* in/ance ! blades are connect$ by means ( a ribbon runn+ ?r\gh ! :ole4 ,"o example only ( ^! fans is giv52 t be>+ ! ^w #8,angela'--fitt+ "n ( ! g5tle lady ^: memory is rev]$ :]ev] ! ,engli% language is spok54 ,tortoise-%ell is c>v$ ) ! same consummate skill z ivory1 & on ! same pr9ciple ( delicate pi]c+ & ribb+4 ,two su* fans occur 9 ! ,wyatt collection1 pr(usely decorat$ 9 relief ) figures ( horsem51 build+s1 boats1 & fl[]s4 ,! mat]ial1 :i* is s(t5$ bo? by w>m wat] & dry heat1 is obta9$ f ! logg]head turtle ( ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago & ,indian ,ocean1 & import$ to ,canton1 a c5tre bo? = tortoise-%ell & ivory work]s4 ,an extremely effective & picturesque fan is t 9 ! same collection1 =m$ ( ! fea!rs ( ! ,argus pheasant1 cut %ort to ! fan %ape1 ! /icks ( c>v$ tortoise-%ell4 ,9 ?is ! col\rs ( ! fea!rs h>monise extremely well ) ! transluc5t r$ br[n ( ! tortoise-%ell4 ,?is mat]ial is also lacqu]$1 "o ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ priz$ ( ! ,*9ese arts1 & ! te*nique ( :i* is fully describ$ 9 ! ,ko ku yao lun1 a le>n$ "w on antiquities publi%$ 9 ! reign ( ,hung ,wu1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,m+ dyna/y1 #achg4 ,?is sub/ance is obta9$ f ! lac-tree 7,rhus v]nicif]a71 cultivat$ = ! purpose ?r\gh\t ,c5tral & ,s\!rn ,*9a4 ,! tree exudes a res9\s sap t becomes black ^u its exposure to ! air1 ! sap be+ extract$ f ! tree at night1 dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 & dri$1 gr\nd1 & /ra9$ ?r\gh hemp5 clo? to an ev5ly fl[+ liquid1 :i* is appli$ by ! bru%4 ,gold plays an important "p bo? 9 ! composition ( ! lacqu] itself1 to :i* x imp>ts a ri*ness & pellucidity :i* is extremely beautiful1 & also 9 its subsequ5t decoration4 ,! fan & case ( ,canton lacqu] 9 ! ,wyatt collection are ri*ly decorat$ ) panels ( build+s & g>d5s1 on a diap]$ backgr\nd1 ov]laid ) fl[]s1 butt]flies1 & o!r devices1 & are excell5t examples ( ,*9ese gold lacqu]1 an art :i*1 al?\gh orig9at+ 9 ,*9a1 has be5 some:at neglect$1 & has1 at a lat] p]iod1 be5 br\ght by ! ,japanese to a great] p]fection ?an ! ,*9ese h at any "t atta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,lacqu]$ ,fan4 ,lady ,nor?cliffe ,illu/ration3 ,c>v$ ,ivory ,fan1 ) "n #8,angela'4 ,mr ,w4 ,burdett-,c\tts4 ,m4,p4 ,s&alwood is l>gely employ$ = fans1 on acc\nt ( its lightness1 ! ease ) :i* x is work$1 & also its f9e aroma4 ,! tree is indig5\s to ,india1 & is import$ by ! ,*9ese1 :o employ x = a v>iety ( purposes1 includ+ ! p]fum$ joss-/icks :i* are common ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/4 ,^! fans are work$ on ! same pr9ciple ( flat pi]c+ z ^? ( ivory4 ,!y are also c>v$ 9 relief1 b c sc>cely be said to rival ! la/-nam$ sub/ance ) its delicate v>iety ( transluc5t s(tness4 ,! l>ge fan at ,s\? ,k5s+ton is a good example4 ,"m ( pe>l is a fav\rite mat]ial = fan-/icks on acc\nt ( its beautiful play ( iridesc5t col\r4 ,a numb] ( fans ( ,*9ese workman%ip1 bo? ( "m ( pe>l & ivory1 h f\nd _! way to ,europe & h be5 rem\nt$4 ,su* a fan is t 9 ! ,wyatt collection ) a subject f9ely pa9t$ on *ick5 sk9 by ,eugne ,&r4 ,bamboo has already be5 ref]r$ to z 9 e>ly use4 ,x is ext5sively employ$ = ! *eap] fans on acc\nt ( its durability z well z *eapness4 ,! numb] ( ribs v>y f sixte5 to ?irty-six2 ! =m] may be reg>d$ z ! /&>d numb]4 ,! art ( filigree is practis$ by ! ,*9ese ) ! mo/ consummate skill2 x is occasionally 9 gold1 b m (t5 9 silv] gilt1 ! gild+ be+ employ$ = ! d\ble purpose ( prev5t+ t>ni%+ & = decorative effect4 ,filigree "w is (t5 enri*$ by means ( inlay1 ei!r enamel1 or ! turquoise fea!rs ( ! k+fi%]1 :i* latt]1 h[ev]1 are m]ely gumm$ on ! surface ( ! metal1 &1 z a consequ5ce1 are want+ 9 durability4 ,enamell+ has be5 practis$ 9 we/]n ,asia f a v e>ly p]iod1 i4e4 previ\s to ! ,*ri/ian era1 & is believ$ to h rea*$ ,*9a ab\t ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,!re are two k9ds1 bo? accompli%$ by ! process kn[n z incru/ation--cloisonn1 9 :i* ! patt]n is rais$ on ! surface ( ! metal by sold]+ on to x metal or wire /rips ( copp]1 silv]1 or gold1 ?us =m+ a s]ies ( cells or cloisons2 & *amplev1 9 :i* ! cell-walls enclos+ ! patt]n are ei!r modell$ & ca/1 or cut & holl[$ out ( ! metal itself by means ( grav+ tools3 9 bo?1 ! patt]n is fill$ 9 ) enamel4 ,( ! col\rs1 !re are two well-contra/$ %ades ( blue--a d>k t9t made f cobalt & resembl+ ! lapis-lazuli tone1 & a light sky blue or turquoise2 sev]al gre5s made f copp]1 a d>k coral r$1 a f9e yell[1 black1 & :ite4 ,*9ese enamels are usually fir$ 9 ! op5 c\rty>d1 protect$ only by a primitive cov] ( iron network1 ! *>coal fire be+ regulat$ by a numb] ( m5 /&+ r\nd ) l>ge fans 9 _! h&s4#db ,( ! int]e/+ fans 9 :i* ! comb9$ arts ( filigree & enamel are employ$ we give a *>m+ example f ! ,wyatt collection at ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,9 ?is1 ! effective col\r s*eme is t ( ! two blues & gold2 ! design be+ a conv5tional r5d]+ ( a ,phnix & foliage4 ,9 ! col\r plate giv5 ( ! fan 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,m4 ,tomk9son1 ! leaf has a l>ge c>t\*e 9 ! c5tre repres5t+ a ,*9ese g>d51 ) ! ho/ess welcom+ a visitor :o has arriv$ on horseback1 ! s]vant br++ tea4 ,on ei!r side are small m$allions ( a sun-dial & a brok5 column1 evid5tly introduc$ to ! ord] ( a ,european patron4 ,( ! famili> class ( fans hav+ l>ge compositions ( figures ( :i* ! heads are ( appli$ ivory1 pa9t$1 ! co/umes ( silk appliqu1 ! /icks ( ivory elaborately c>v$1 ! example illu/rat$ f ! collection ( ,mr4 ,burdett-,c\tts belong$ to a m&>9 ( ! fir/ rank4 ,a beautiful example 0 =m]ly 9 ! possession ( ,illu/ration3 ,*9ese ,fan ) ivory m9iatures ,mr ,w4 ,burdett-,c\tts4 ,m4,p4 ,h4,i4,m4 ! ,empress ,eugnie1#dc ! /ick ( s&alwood4 ,! br9s ( ^! fans1 twelve 9 numb]1 are occasionally v>i$1 z foll[s3--,two ( :ite ivory1 pi]c$ & c>v$2 two ( silv] filigree & enamel2 two ( ivory1 pi]c$ & c>v$1 col\r$ sc>let2 two ( tortoise-%ell1 c>v$ & pi]c$2 two ( engrav$ :ite pe>l2 & two ( gilt filigree enamel4 ,! pana*es ( gilt filigree1 ) silv] dragons 9 relief4 ,an example occurs 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,messel1 ano!r 0 9 ! possession ( ! late ,mr4 ,r4 ,w4 ,edis4 ,almo/ e important city or di/rict 9 ,*9a has its *>act]i/ic fan--some?+ di/9ctive 9 ! make1 col\r1 or ornam5tation ( ! fold+-fan1 :i* is ! fan p> excell5ce 9 ! ,*9ese m9d4 ,! conv5i5ce ( ?is fan w at once be app>5t--x occupies b little space1 x may1 :5 n 9 use1 be /uck 9 ! high boot ( ! full-dress$ ,*9aman1 or 9 ! ample folds ( 8 dress4 ,^! fans are made to suit e class ( society f m&>9 to peasant--to suit ! *ang+ seasons1 9 diff]5t sizes 9 proportion to ! quantity ( breeze requir$4 ,! ,son ( ,heav51 dur+ ! sultry summ] mon?s1 employs fans ( fea!rs1 & dur+ w9t] ( silk4 ,fa%ion1 h[ev]1 lays d[n inexorable laws z to ! "t & p]iod ( _! use1 & to be se5 ) a fan too e>ly or too late 9 ! ye> is consid]$ z mauvais ton4 ,a poem by ,ow-,yang ,hisu in=ms u t #8,9 ! t5? moon ! p ( ! capital turn to _! w>m fans4' ,dur+ ! w>m wea!r ! fan =ms "p ( ! c]emony ( tea-dr9k+2 ! ho/ takes 8 fan z soon z tea is drunk1 &1 b[+ to ! company1 says1 #8,?s+-*5' 7,i invite y to fan y\rselves72 ea* gue/ imm$iately us+ 8 fan ) great gravity & mode/y4 ,x is consid]$ a brea* ( etiquette to be )\t a fan on su* an occasion1 or to refra9 f its use4#dd ,! ,*9ese h exhau/$ e species ( +5uity 9 ! con/ruction ( fans ( an outr "*4 ,! #8brok5 fan1' a curi\s trick1 is to all int5ts & purposes a simple fold+-fan1 & op5$ f left to "r pres5ts no feature uncommon4 ,on be+ op5$ to ! rev]se1 ! :ole fan appe>s to fall to pieces1 ea* bone1 ) ! "p atta*$1 be+ sep>at$ f ! o!r z ?\gh ! connect+ /r+s 7 brok53 ! pr9ciple is extremely simple1 b ! effect is surpris+4 ,a fan :i* has be5 /yl$ ! #8impracticable1' is ( circul> =m1 ! radiants ( ivory1 tortoise-%ell1 s&alwood1 or metal filigree1 p]=at$ to su* a degree z to r5d] x useless z a means ( di/urb+ ! air4 ,^! are elaborately c>v$ ) figures1 scroll-"w1 & o!r designs1 or ) birds1 fl[]s1 etc41 9 silv] gilt filigree4 ,! #8d\ble-ent5te' fan1 op5$ 9 ! ord9>y mann]1 exhibits "s h>mless motif su* z a fl[]1 bird1 or l&scape2 op5$ ! rev]se way1 x discloses a ribald sket* t w\ld entail sev]e p5alties on its mak] if discov]$4 ,! ,pek+ v>iety %[s two su* pictures :i* are n se5 :5 ! fan is op5$1 b are disclos$ by turn+ back ! two end ribs ( ! fan4 ,! #8dagg]-fan' is an inv5tion ( ! ,japanese1 its importation into ,*9a be+ /rictly =bidd54 ,9 its outw>d appe>ance x is suffici5tly h>mless1 be+ app>5tly an ord9>y lacqu]$ fold+-fan3 9 reality x is a %ea? conta9+ a deadly blade1 %ort & %>p1 resembl+ a small ,malay kris 7see illu/ration fac+ page #fj74 ,^! dagg] or /iletto fans are by no means conf9$ to ! ,ea/2 9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a pr9t ( an ,italian /iletto conceal$ 9 a case made 9 imitation ( a fan2 ! pana*es ( ivory1 engrav$ ) ,italian arabesques4 ,illu/ration3 ,fea!r ,fan1 7,argus ,pheasant7 ) embroid]$ case4 ,*9ese1 e>ly #ai? ,c5t4 ,victoria ,alb]t ,museum4 ,inscription fans are common1 & exhibit an endless v>iety ( devices4 ,"s are lit]>y t\rs de =ce1 ! mo/ fam\s be+ t associat$ ) ! ,emp]or ,*i5 ,wn1 ( ! ,liang dyna/y1 ,a4,d4 #eej1 & said to be ! composition ( ! mon>* himself4 ,?is consi/s ( a c\plet ( eight *>act]s writt5 9 ! eight corn]s ( an octagon fan4 ,on beg9n+ at any "o ( ! eight *>act]s & read+ r\nd ! way ( ! sun1 x =ms a c\plet ( p]fect s5se & rhy?m4 ,a /ory is told ( a fav\rite ( ! ,emp]or ,*'ng ,ti ( ! ,han dyna/y1 ,b4,c4 #cb1 ^: "n 0 ,pan1 & :o = "s "t _h be5 a confidante ( 8 ,maje/y & ! ,que5 ( ! ,imp]ial ,s]aglio4 ,hav+ p]suad$ h]self t some?+ m ?an an ord9>y atta*m5t ( ! h\r exi/$ betwe5 h]self & ! #8,son ( ,heav51' f9d+ h] influ5ce on ! wane & be+ unable to conceal any long] h] mortification1 grief1 & despair1 %e =w>d$ to ! ,emp]or a circul> scre5-fan1 ^u :i* 7 inscrib$ ! foll[+ l9es express+ ! contra/ betwe5 ! summ] ( h] reciprocat$ love & ! autumn ( h] des]tion3-- #8,o fair :ite silk1 fre% f ! weav]'s loom1 ,cle> z ! fro/1 bright z ! w9t] sn[-- ,see1 fri5d%ip fa%ions out ( !e a fan3 ,r\nd z ! r\nd moon %9es 9 heav5 above2 ,at home1 abroad1 a close companion ?\2 ,/irr+ at e move ! grateful gale1 ,& yet ,i fe>1 ah me6 t autumn *ills ,cool+ ! dy+ summ]'s torrid rage1 ,w see !e laid neglect$ on ! %elf1 ,all ?\ght ( bygone days1 bygone l !m4'#de ,f ?is p]iod1 9 ,*9a1 a des]t$ wife has be5 call$ an autumn fan4 ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,f> ,,ea/--,cont9u$ ,,japan ,illu/ration ,! fan is reg>d$ by ! ,japanese z an emblem ( life1 t wid5s & exp&s z ! /icks radiate f ! rivet or />t+-po9t1 & = ?is reason is select$ = ! new-ye>'s gift4#df ,x ent]s into almo/ e affair ( ! life ( ! p1 f ,emp]or to peasant2 fri5ds greet ea* o!r ) a wave ( ! fan2 x is "o ( ! gifts :i* ! bride takes ) h] to h] husb&'s h\se2 x is pres5t$ to ! y\? on ! atta9m5t ( 8 majority2#dg x is us$ by juggl]s 9 feats ( skill1 by ! umpires ( wre/l+ mat*es z signal1 by s+]s to modulate _! voices2 ! condemn$ man m>*es to ! scaffold fan 9 h&2 ! execution] does n rel9qui% 8 fan dur+ ! p]=mance ( 8 duty4 ,illu/ration3 ,netsuki4 ,! ,dai ,t5gu ) fea!r u*iwa4 ,mr ,w4 ,l4 ,behr5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,dagg] ,fan4 ,mr ,w4 ,l4 ,behr5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,camp ,fan ( ,eagles ,fea!rs1 horn h&le4 ,mr ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,messel4 ,! e>ly hi/ory ( ! fan 9 ! c\ntry ( ,dai ,nippon is sub/antially ! same z 9 all ! c\ntries ( ! f> & ne>] ,ea/1 & pres5ts u ) ! same ord] ( developm5t1 ! e>lie/ be+ =m$ ( ! primitive palm leaf1 or ( fea!rs4 ,we h1 9 ! /ory ( #8,! ,t5gus' a description ( ! ,dai or ,ma/] ,t5gu1 :o we>s a long grey be>d d[n to 8 girdle1 m\/a*es to 8 *91 & c>ries 9 8 left h& z a sign ( 8 rank a fan made ( sev5 wide fea!rs po9t$ at ! tip3 ?is he waves :ile s++ a song1 d\btless = ! purpose ( modulat+ 8 voice4 ,! fan is id5tical 9 =m ) t ( ,*ung-li ,*'uan1 "o ( ! eight ,taoi/ immortals1 ref]r$ to on page #dg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fea!r-,,fan 7,f a ,japanese pa9t+4 ,briti% ,museum47 ,illu/ration3 ,,h&-,,scre51 ,,bamboo ,,h&le 7,f a ,japanese pa9t+4 ,briti% ,museum47 ,! rigid scre5s receiv$ f ,*9a at ! close ( ! six? c5tury are ref]r$ to 9 ! e>li] "p ( ?is *apt]1 "u ,*9a4 ,^? 9 use 9 ,japan pres5t no mat]ial diff]5ce to ! ,*9ese except 9 ! details ( _! decorative significance4 ,! l>g] scre5s 7 employ$ bo? 9 civil & religi\s c]emonial1 z w> /&>ds1 & wav$ by s]vants 9 att5dance ^u royal & di/+ui%$ p]sonages4 ,^! latt] d5ot$ ! rank ( ! own]1 ! mat]ial be+ ( silk or o!r fabric /ret*$ ov] a wood5 framework1 pa9t$ or o!rwise decorat$1 ! =ms extremely v>i$1 b m usually ^? ( ! circle1 oval1 or pe>4 ,! pe>-%ap$ h&-scre5 is se5 9 ! h&s ( ,hotei1 ! fat god ( prosp]ity1 & ( ,juro1 ! god ( longevity1 z an inv>iable accompanim5t ( ^? div9ities4 ,an example is giv5 f a portrait ( ,l ,t'ung-p91 a ,taori/ ,ri%i ( ! eigh? c5tury1 by ,g-gaku1 n9ete5? c5tury1 ,briti% ,museum1 #fdj4 ,?is has a r$ tassel or tail at ! end ( ! fan1 a k9d ( comb9ation ( fan & fly-:ip4 ,a simil> fan appe>s 9 a pa9t+ ( ! ,caligraphic s*ool1 ,briti% ,museum1 #afag4 ,?is fan is ( ,*9ese orig91 & is con/antly repres5t$ 9 ! art ( t c\ntry4 ,fly-:ips 7 also us$4 ,( ! repres5tations ( ! sixte5 ,arhats 7,buddhi/ div9ities7 giv5 9 ! #8,butsu z dzu-i1' ?ree hold fly-:ips 7futsuj97 9 _! h&s4 ,?is in/rum5t is also se5 9 ! "r h& ( ,vimalakrrti1 an ,indian prie/1 9 ! pa9t+ on silk attribut$ to ,%+etsu1 ,ses%iu s*ool1 fifte5? c5tury1 ,briti% ,museum collection4 ,! fly-:ip or *asse-m\*e 0 also us$ by g5]als :ile on horseback1 ?is be+ made ( /rips ( t\gh pap] susp5d$ f a lacqu]$ h&le m\nt$ ) bronze4 ,a li/ ( ! m important v>ieties ( ,japanese fans1 toge!r ) ! dates ( _! introduction1 z giv5 by native au?orities1 w probably be ( s]vice4 ,rigid fans or h&-scre5s1 introduc$ f ,*9a1 end ( six? c5tury ,a4,d4 ,fold+-fans 7bamboo71 inv5t$ by ! ,japanese1 #ffh-fga ,a4,d4 ,gumbai ,u*iwa1 flat iron battle-fans1 elev5? c5tury4 ,gun ,s51 fold+ iron battle-fans1 twelf? c5tury4 ,hi ogi1 c\rt-fans1 elev5? c5tury4 ,mai ogi1 danc+-fans1 beg9n+ ( sev5te5? c5tury4 ,rikiu ogi1 tea-fans1 0 0 0 ,wat]-fans = kit*5 use1 eighte5? c5tury4 ,! inv5tion ( ! fold+-fan has already be5 ref]r$ to4 ,its e>lie/ =m is ! ,kmori 7bat71 s nam$ f ! supposition ( ! w+ ( ?is animal sugge/+ ! pr9ciple ( its con/ruction4 ,x is =m$ ( fifte5 bamboo /icks hav+ a slight re-div]g5ce spr++ f ! h&le end1 s t :5 held clos$ 9 ! h& z x is by c\rti]s :ile fulfill+ ! (fice ( fan-be>+1 x /ill appe>s op54 ,x is /at$ t ?is spread-out =m 0 adopt$ z c\rt-fan on acc\nt ( ! misuse ( ! dagg]-fan4 ,! m\nt is ( pap]1 :i* may be pa9t$ ) any design 9 any col\r except ! unlucky gre5 & light purple4 ,illu/ration3 ,suye hiro ogi4 op5 clos$1 decorat$ ) cre/s on a gold gr\nd4 ,mr ,w4 ,h>d+ ,smi? ,"o ( ! _m traditions ( its inv5tion may be giv54 ,x is attribut$ to a fan-mak] ( ! ,t5ji p]iod1 #ffh-fgb1 ^: "n is =gott51 liv+ at ,tamba ne> ,kyoto4 ,he 0 m>ri$ to a %rew1 & on a c]ta9 night a bat hav+ f\nd its way into ! sleep+-room1 ! woman revil$ h] husb& = n gett+ up to ?r[ ! vampire out4 ,! animal com+ 9 contact ) ! lamp1 scor*$ its w+s & fell to ! floor4 ,z ! man pick$ x up1 ! op5+ ( ! creature's w+s sugge/$ to him ! pr9ciple ( a fold+-fan t might be c>ri$ 9 "o's sleeve4#dh ,! ,suye hiro ogi 7wide end7 has a simil> div]g5ce to ! =ego+1 ) ! addition ( a slight curve or r\nd+ ( ! outw>d /icks4 ,x 0 us$ = ! dances 9 ! ,n drama2 ! numb] ( /icks v>y+ f fifte5 to tw5ty-five4 ,?is also dates f ! sev5? c5tury4 ,! example illu/rat$ is decorat$ ) a s]ies ( cre/s ( v>i\s families on a gold gr\nd4 ,9 a draw+ by ,bun-*91 n9ete5? c5tury1 ,briti% ,museum1 #hia1 ( ,p]=m]s 9 ! #8,n' ,!atre1 is repres5t$ a beautiful fan ( a peacock ) outspread tail & bran*es ( bamboo1 9 gold1 blue1 & gre54 ,?is fan is ( ! ord9>y %ape4 ,! ,akom ogi is ! e>li] c\rt-fan1 & dates f ! inv5tion ( ! fold+-fan 9 ! sev5? c5tury4 ,x consi/s ( ?irty-eight blades ( wood pa9t$ :ite1 decorat$ ) *]ry1 p9e1 plum1 or *rysan!mum1 on a gr\nd ( gold & silv] p[d]1 #8among ! mi/4' ,! fan is ornam5t$ at ! corn]s ) an arrangem5t ( artificial fl[]s 9 silk1 ) twelve long /ream]s ( diff]5t col\r$ silks2 ! rivet is =m$ ( ei!r a bird or butt]fly4 ,?is type ( fan 0 9 use by ! c\rt ladies until #ahfh4 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,crewdson we are enabl$ to reproduce "o ( ^! r>e fans1 be>+ ! foll[+ inscription3-- #8,! decorations at ! end ( ?is ,akom-ogi %[ t x 0 us$ by a c\rt lady4 ,at ,kioto1 ! ,mikado's ,palace _h ,lemon trees at ! "r-h& side ( ! entrance & ,*]ry trees at ! left2 h5ce ^! ornam5ts compos$ ( ,*]ry fl[]s & ,p9e knots4' ,! description :i* ,pi]re ,loti has giv5 u ( ^! fans is s *>m+ t we _c refra9 f quot+ x4 #8,!y wave ) con/ant motion1 or c>ry %ut1 _! c\rt-fans1 on ! pleat$ silk 787 ( :i* are delicately pa9t$ dreamy fancies1 ( inexpressible *>m1 pictur+ ! reflection 9 ! wat] ( cl\d =ms1 ( moons w9try pale1 ! flight ( birds1 or %[]s ( pea* blossom waft$ by ! w9d 9 ,april mi/s4 ,at ea* angle ( ! m\nt is ti$ an enorm\s tassel ) %ades ( *5ille1 ! ends ( :i* trail along ! gr\nd1 bru%+ ! f9e s& at ea* movem5t ( ! fan4' ,! ,hi-ogi c\rt-fans are made ( ! ,hi wood 7,*amcyp>is obtusa71 ?is be+ a s(t light velvety wood ( a beautiful gold5 br[n1 hav+ ! additional advantage ( immunity f ! attacks ( wood-eat+ insects4 ,! br9s are tw5ty-five 9 numb]1 fa/5$ ) a metal rivet1 & ?read$ ?r\gh ) silk /r+s hav+ v long ends1 loop$ at ! top corn] ( ! out] ribs to =m a rosette or o!r floral device4 ,^! fans 7 fir/ introduc$ ) ! simple ornam5t ( ! own]'s cre/2 aft]w>ds !y 7 pa9t$ ) great elaboration & delicacy4 ,at c\rt c]emonial ! ,emp]or & nobles (t5 be> ! ,hi-ogi in/ead ( ! ,%aku1 :i* is a %ort /aff or sceptre made ( wood 7yew7 or ivory1 g5]ally held v]tical 9 ! "r h& aga9/ ! l[] "p ( ! *e/1 to give ! body a m dignifi$ be>+2 :5 ! fan is borne1 x is g5]ally c>ri$ clos$1 & held 9 ! same mann] z ! ,%aku4#di ,be=e ! age ( fifte5 a fan ( common wood is c>ri$1 pa9t$ on ! outside1 & ornam5t$ ) silk ?reads or /r+s 9 five col\rs2 on 8 sixte5? bir?day ! ,japanese y\? atta9s 8 majority & receives a pres5t ( a fan4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rt ,lady's ,fan4 #8,akom ,ogi'4 ,mr4 ,wilson ,crewdson4 ,illu/ration3 ,w> ,fan4 #8,gun ,s54' ,mr ,w4 ,h>d+ ,smi?4 ,! code regulat+ all ! details ( c\rt c]emonial is absolute1 & always obs]v$2 ! use ( ivory = ! ,%aku is conf9$ to ! highe/ ranks1 or ! mo/ important c]emonial2 no noble c\ld use an ivory ,%aku on any occasion4 ,! v>i\s usages connect$ ) ! fan are subject$ to simil> re/rictions4 ,ladies c>ri$ 9 place ( ! ,%aku ! ,hi-ogi4 ,a fan ( special make & design is us$ by ! ,empress1 & its use is =bidd5 to any subject4 ,! blades are tw5ty-?ree 9 numb]1 connect$ ) a :ite silk ribbon4 ,! decoration is conf9$ to ! *rysan!mum1 p9e1 orange blossom1 plum1 or ,camellia ,japonica4 ,! ribbon rosettes or loops1 affix$ to ! top ( ! out] blades1 are arrang$ 9 keep+ ) ! p>ticul> fl[] :i* is repres5t$ on ! fan2 ^! h sev5 long /ream]s1 f\r feet long1 ( diff]5t col\rs4 ,! rivet also is ( a p>ticul> k9d--pap] /r+4#ej ,*kei are fans borne by prie/s & nobles2 ^! h a re-div]g5ce at ! ends1 & date f ! p]iod ( ! introduction ( ! fold+-fan2 !y are (t5 pa9t$ ) ! mo/ consummate skill1 reflect+ ! be/ traditions ( ,japanese art4 ,_m ( ^! pa9t+s exi/2 9 mo/ cases ! leaves h be5 remov$ f ! /icks & m\nt$ z pictures4 ,fabul\s /ories are extant rec\nt+ ! m>vell\s accompli%m5t ( ! pa9t]s ( ! e>li] epo*s2 among/ ^! is an acc\nt ( ,tadahira1 :o is said to h pa9t$ ^u a fan a cuckoo :i* utt]$ its *>act]i/ic note :5ev] ! fan 0 op5$1 & ( ,tsun5ori1 :o drew a lion s life-l t o!r bea/s fl$ f x4 ,! lead+ s*ools ( ,japanese pa9t+ are ! ,buddhi/1 ,yamato-,tosa4 ,*9ese1 ,ses%iu ,kano1 ,matahei 7popul>71 ,kor91 ,%ij 7naturali/ic71 & ,ukiyo2 ea* ( ^! has well-m>k$ *>act]i/ics pres]v$ ev5 to ! pres5t day4 ,! art ( ,japan 0 to a great ext5t f\nd$ ^u1 & is 9 c]ta9 directions a developm5t (1 t ( ! old] civilisation ( ,*9a4 ,! e>lie/ arti/1 !re=e1 record$ 9 ,japanese annals1 is a ,*9ese1 ,nanriu by "n1 ( royal desc5t1 :o came to ,japan ab\t ! end ( ! fif? c5tury2 b ( ?is ma/]1 & ( 8 imm$iate successors1 !re are no kn[n examples4 ,x 0 9 ! succe$+ c5tury1 ^u ! introduction ( ,buddhism into ,japan1 t we f9d ! fir/ e/abli%m5t ( a s*ool ( ,japanese art1 initiat$ by ! ,*9ese & ,coreans1 & d$icat$ to ! mural decoration ( ,buddhi/ic temples4 ,f ! six? to ! n9? c5turies1 ! hi/ory ( ,japanese pa9t+ is m or less cl\d$ 9 d\bt1 & ! fir/ great arti/ :o em]ges f ! g5]al obscurity is ,kanaoka 7n9? c5tury71 al?\gh ! few examples extant :i* are attribut$ to ?is pa9t] are d\bt$ by ! be/ exp]ts4 ,! ,yamato-,tosa s*ool1 ?\gh ! direct outcome ( ! /udy ( ,*9ese me?ods1 0 ess5tially ,japanese & naturali/ic 9 "*1 & 0 f\nd$ by ,kasuga ,motomitsu 9 ! latt] "p ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,9 ! ?irte5? c5tury ,tsunetaka1 son ( ,kasuga ,mitsunaga1 assum$ ! "n ( ,tosa & gave to ! ,yamato s*ool ! "n x has s9ce reta9$4 ,an important movem5t set 9 at ! beg9n+ ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 no less ?an a ,*9ese r5aissance4 ,= c5turies ,*9ese influ5ce _h be5 wan+1 & ! national /yle ( ,yamato & ,tosa _h held ! field4 ,illu/ration3 ,hotei & ! ,*ildr54 by ,kan ,%-,yei1 #aeia4 ,japanese3 ,mr ,wilson ,crewdson4 ,ses%iu1 ! rem>kable pa9t] :o f\nd$ ! s*ool be>+ 8 "n1 0 ( ! noble family ( ,ota1 & 0 born 9 #addj4 ,at ! age ( twelve or ?irte5 he 0 int5d$ = ! ,*ur* & plac$ "u ! in/ruction ( ! abbot ( ! temple ( ,hfukuji4 ,ses%iu's sympa?ies1 h[ev]1 7 all 9 ! direction ( ! f9e arts1 he neglect$ religi\s tra9+1 & a /ory is told ( him--"o ( ^? extraord9>y leg5ds famili> 9 ,*9ese & ,japanese annals--t ^u "o occasion1 :5 b\nd to a pill> z puni%m5t = "s misconduct1 he beguil$ ! we>y h\rs ( wait+ by draw+ rats ^u ! floor1 us+ 8 toes = p5cil & 8 te>s = ink 7671 ! repres5tation be+ s life-l z to al>m 8 janitor4 ,"s v]sions ( ! /ory affirm t1 ^u ! approa* ( ! prie/1 ! rats scamp]$ away4 ,at ! age ( =ty he visit$ ,*9a1 ! f\nta9-head1 b 0 surpris$ to f9d t he _h m to tea* ?an to le>n4 ,! fan ( ,hotei & ! *ildr51 probably by ,kan ,%-yei1 #aeia1 may be accept$ z "o ( ! f9e/ examples ( a pa9t$ fan ( ! ,kan s*ool1 ! la/ ( ! ?ree bran*es ( ! fifte5?-c5tury revival ( ,*9ese tea*+4 ,! s*ool 0 f\nd$ by ,masanobu1 a pa9t] ( l&scape1 born c4 #adbc & di$ #aebj1 its actual head1 h[ev]1 be+ ,motonobu1 8 son1 born #adgf4 ,hotei 7,ma/] ,l95-sack71 ! god ( prosp]ity1 0 a ,*9ese prie/ ( ! t5? c5tury1 fam\s = 8 fatness & 8 love ( *ildr54 ,he c\ld sleep 9 ! sn[1 nev] wa%$ himself1 & _h ! p[] ( infallibly pr$ict+ future ev5ts4 ,! leg5ds atta*$ to 8 "n are v simil> to ^? n>rat$ ( _m ,taoi/ ,ri%is1 b 8 claim to a position z ,div9ity appe>s to be due to ! view enunciat$ 9 ! ,butsu-,z dzu-i & o!r works1 t he 0 an inc>nation ( ,miroku ,bosatsu ,mitrya1 ! ,messiah ( ! ,buddhi/s1 9 :i* capacity 8 image has long be5 wor%ipp$ 9 ,*9ese temples4 ,he is usually repres5t$ ) a fan ( ! pe>-%ap$ g\rd type1 & c>ries a clo? bag z a trap = little boys & girls1 :o are entic$ inside to see ! wond]ful ?+s x is suppos$ to conta91 & !n imprison$ until !y c beg _! way out4 ,^! #8,preci\s ,?+s' include ! ,lucky ,ra9 ,coat1 ! ,sacr$ ,key1 ! ,inexhau/ible ,purse1 etc4#ea ,innum]able pictures ( ,hotei by ,japanese arti/s are 9 exi/5ce1 "s dat+ f ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! *>m+ly poetic view ( ! ,tamagawa ,riv]1 ) ! tea-plant 9 blossom1 & fly+ cuckoo 7,hoto-,togisu71 is probably by ,kan ,san ,raku1 #afcc4 ,bo? ^! fans are accompani$ by a ,japanese c]tificate ( au!nticity4 ,autograph1 motto1 & inscription fans are ref]r$ to 9 ano!r "p ( ?is "w4#eb ,! practice ( inscrib+ sacr$ texts ^u fans1 obta9$ dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! elev5? & beg9n+ ( ! twelf? c5tury1 ! p]iod #8:5 ! ,buddhi/ religion 0 op5ly pr(ess$ by ! weal?y & w>mly support$ by ! luxuri\s4' ,fragm5ts ( ,buddhi/ stras writt5 on fans & fan leaves exi/ at ! temples at ,yamato1 saka1 ! ,imp]ial ,museum ,tky1 & else:]e4 ,^! are copi$ f ! #8,lotus ( ! ,true ,law1' or o!r ,mahyna texts ( a l nature4 ,! fans1 ?\gh diff]+ some:at 9 size1 are all alike 9 pap]1 pigm5ts1 & /yle ( pa9t+1 & evid5tly _h a common orig92 !y are ov]laid ) gold-leaf & du/$ ) f9e s&2 ^u ?is a ?9 wa% ( r$ or black pigm5t is appli$4 ,! sacr$ text is writt5 9 ink1 ov] a pa9t+1 usually a figure-subject & be>+ no ref]5ce to ! text2 ! faces sket*$ 9 a curi\s conv5tion kn[n z ,hikim ,kagihana 7eye ) a l9e1 ! nose ) a key71 9 :i* ! eye is repres5t$ by a /raight l9e & ! nose ) a some:at acute angle4 ,?is conv5tion has be5 trac$ to ,kasuga ,takayo%i 7beg9n+ ( ! twelf? c5tury71 :o pa9t$ a numb] ( picture rolls illu/rat+ ! tales ( ! ,g5ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,tamagawa ,riv]4 ) tea-plant fly+ cuckoo4 by ,kan ,san ,raku1 #afcc4 ,japanese3 ,mr ,wilson ,crewdson4 ,illu/ration3 ,japanese ,w> ,fans1 ,gumbai ,u*iwa4 ,mr ,l4,c4,r4,messel4 ,mr4 ,w ,h>d+ ,smi?4 ,mr ,w4,l4,behr5s4 ,a fan leaf own$ by ! ,temple ( ,saikyji1 ,sakamoto1 ,omi1 is illu/rat$ 9 ,select$ ,relics ( ,japanese ,art1 ,s4 ,tajima4 ,a hi-ogi1 ) figures & p9e-tree1 9 ! ,%9to ,temple1 ,itsuku%ima-,j9%a ,aki1 is illu/rat$ 9 ! same "w3 ?is latt]1 d\btless1 is a production ( ! ,taira era1 possibly a d$ication to ! temple f a scion ( ! ,taira family1 & pa9t$ by a daught] ( ,taira ,kiyomori1 ! premi]1 #aafg-aahj1 ! writ] ( ! #8,lotus ( ! ,true ,law4' ,a simil> comb9ation ( pa9t+ & writ+ obta9$ lat]1 & 0 practis$ by ,kyetsu ,hon-,ami1 ! pr$ecessor ( ,kr9 ,ogata1 ! reput$ f\nd] ( ! ,kor9 s*ool4 ,?is arti/ 0 a skilful writ] ( ,*9ese ideographs1 9 :i* art he 0 "o ( ! #8,?ree ,p5s' ( 8 "t1 be+ ! f\nd] ( ! ,kyetsu s*ool ( caligraphy4#ec ,a f9e example ( ,kyetsu 9 ! possession ( ,b>on ,ryi*i ,kuki is reproduc$ 9 ,mr4 ,tajima's "w4 ,?is is pa9t$ on a gold gr\nd1 & repres5ts a rabbit 9 a fl[]$ field4 ,! fan is divid$ 9 two p>ts1 ! writ+1 :i* is by ! arti/1 be+ on ! gilt portion4 ,kyetsu di$ at ,kyoto 9 #afcg1 ag$ eighty-two4 ,! ,ukiyoy s*ool includ$ mo/ ( ! mak]s ( col\r pr9ts2 two ( ! m fam\s ( !m1 ,masanobu ,kiato1 & ,hokusai ,katsu%ika1 born 9 ! same ye>1 #agfj1 also pa9t$ fans4 ,! =m] op5$ a %op at ,g9za = ! sale ( smok]s' implem5ts & m$ic9e1 & sold besides fold+-fans & long panels ^u :i* poems 7 writt52 bo? ( ^! he ornam5t$ ) sket*es2 !y became r5[n$ f> & wide1 & f _! sale he d]iv$ l>ge pr(it4 ,a fan leaf by ,hokusai1 a ma/]ly sket* ( ! head & %\ld]s ( a #8,beauty1' is illu/rat$ 9 ,tajima's "w1 z also sev]al fans pa9t$ ) c\rtesans1 by an almo/ equally celebrat$ mak] ( col\r pr9ts1 ,kunisada4 ,battle- or w>-fans are ( two k9ds--! flat1 rigid scre5 7u*iwa7 :i* is ! e>lie/1 & ! fold+ 7ogi74 ,9 bo?1 iron is ! mat]ial ( :i* x is ma9ly compos$4 ,! fir/ nam$ is sometimes =m$ completely ( metal 7iron & brass71 is ( consid]able weight1 & is us$ by (fic]s bo? = direction1 (f5ce & def5ce1 i4e4 z baton1 weapon1 & %ield4 ,?is sometimes assumes a circul> =m1 & is occasionally inlaid ) ! m preci\s metals2 m (t51 h[ev]1 x resembles ! pe>- or g\rd-%ap$ scre54 ,9 ! c5tre example illu/rat$1 belong+ to ,mr4 ,w4 ,h>d+ ,smi?1 ! h&le is ( lacqu]$ wood1 ! ornam5ts at its extremities1 toge!r ) ! rim ( ! fan blade1 ( bronze gilt2 x be>s an inscription on ! obv]se 9 ,japanese1 & on ! rev]se 9 ,*9ese1 z foll[s3-- ,japanese script4 #8,kisei ai %oz>u jun-kwan no ha%i naki-ga goto%i4' #8,wrong & "r 7or odd & ev57 happ5 = ev]1 imp>tially1 l ! revolv+ ball4' ,?is may1 possibly1 be r5d]$ by ! foll[+3-- #8,defeat & victory succe$ ea* o!r by a turn ( ,=tune's :eel4' ,*9ese script4 #8,sono toki-koto kaz no gotoku ,sono %izuka-nuru koto haya%i no goto%i4' #8,its %>pness is z ! w9d1 its s(tness z ! grave4' ,! fan 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,l4 ,behr5s is ornam5t$ ) two dragons 9 l[ relief1 ! motto #8,t5ka tai hei' 7int]national peace74 ,9 ! fold+ battle-fan1 ! /ick is ( wr\ght iron1 ! bran*es v>y+ f t5 to f\rte5 9 numb]2 9 _m milit>y fans1 ! /ick is ( bamboo1 pa9t$ black1 ! gu>ds ( iron1 (t5 arr[-%ap$1 & ri*ly inlaid ) silv]4#ed ,! decoration ( ! m\nt1 ( ?ick pap]1 consi/s ( ! sun1 moon1 or nor? />1 usually 9 r$1 b also 9 gold1 on a black or col\r$ gr\nd4 ,an unusual example1 illu/rat$1 has a gold sun on ! "o side1 & a silv] cresc5t moon & n9e gold5 planets on ! rev]se2 ! gr\nd be+ light1 ! gu>ds ( yell[ bronze1 #8seutoku4' ,! f9e fan 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,messel has on ! obv]se a gold5 sun ) two fly+ birds1 & on ! rev]se a silv] sun ) simil> birds4 ,! sun motif is occasionally ab&on$ 9 fav\r ( a figure-subject4 ,m4 ,ph4 ,burty exhibit$ at ,liv]pool 9 #ahgg a fan t belong$ to a comm&]-9-*ief2 ! leaf1 ( /\t buff pap] cov]$ ) silk tissue1 is pa9t$ 9 india ink ) ! ,sev5 ,sages 9 ! ,=e/ ( ,bamboru4 ,! br9s are ( pla9 :alebone1 ! pana*es ( oxidis$ iron1 elaborately inlaid ) scroll-"w & cre/s 9 silv]1 ! latt] be+ ( ! p[]ful family ( ,nai-,to4 ,ano!r fan f ! same collection belong$ also to an (fic] ( high rank4 ,! br9s are ( bronze gilt1 ! pana*es ( poli%$ iron1 %ap$ l slips ( bamboo1 & *as$ ) lions & fl[]s4 ,on ! inside ( "o pana*e is an inscription 9 inlaid gold1 /at+ t ! ironwork 0 made by ,u4 ,da-,kane-,signe2 ! leaf ( gli/5+ pap]4 ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic w>-fans are1 h[ev]1 ^? hav+ ! simple r$ sun1 ) no sup]flu\s decoration1 ! initial purpose ( ^! in/rum5ts be+ t ( a signal4 ,!y con/antly appe> 9 repres5tations ( battle-sc5es1 ! g5]al on 8 w>-horse 9 ! heat ( battle br&i%+ 9 8 "r h& ! fan1 ! symbol ( 8 au?ority & comm&4 ,9 ,hokusai's pa9t+ ( #8,tamtomo & ! ,demons' 7,briti% ,museum1 ,no4 #agdg71 ! h]o is grasp+ a huge b[ 9 8 "r h&1 & wav+ ! fold+ battle-fan 9 8 left4 ,9 a pr9t by ,kuniyo%i 7c4 #ahbj7 ( ! battle ( ,kawanakajima betwe5 ,uyesugi ,k5%9 & ,tak$a ,%+5 7fifte5? c5tury71 a sword-cut is p>ri$ by ! w>-fan4 ,9 a repres5tation ( ! same battle by ,yo%itora1 a dism\nt$ g5]al is direct+ ) a w>-fan an attack by spe>m54 ,9 ! col\r pr9t by ,hiro%ige ,,ii4 ( ,yo%itsune & ,b5kei1 ! w>-fan also appe>s4 ,9 ! pr9t by ,%unsui ( ,atsumori & ,kumagai1 ! h]o1 m\nt$1 is plung+ into ! sea foll[$ closely by 8 adv]s>y ,kumagai1 also m\nt$1 br&i%+ ! w>-fan z a signal & *all5ge4#ee ,two ( ! _m /ories or leg5ds relat+ to ! w>-fan may be giv54--,! fir/ ref]s to ,nasu no ,yoi*i1 an ar*]1 ^: clan took ! fan z _! cre/1#ef 9 allusion to 8 p]=mance at ! battle ( ,ya%ima 9 #aahe4 #8,:5 ! ,taira 7 driv5 f ,kyoto by ! ,m9amoto 9 #aahb1 ! ,empress ,ni no ,ama flew ) ! *ild-emp]or ,antoku1 to ! %r9e ( ,itsukumi%a1 :]e ?irty p9k fans1 be>+ ! design ( ! sun disc 7,hi no ,m>u7 7 kept4 ,! head-prie/ gave "o to ,antoku1 say+ t x conta9$ 9 ! r$ disc ! ,kami ( ! dead ,emp]or ,takakura 7#aafi-aahj71 & w\ld cause arr[s to recoil ^u ! enemy4 ,! fan 0 accord+ly atta*$ to a ma/ ( ! ,taira %ip1 on :i* a c\rt lady is always depict$1 & a *all5ge s5t to ,m9amoto no ,yo%itsune1 :i* 0 accept$ by "o ( 8 ar*]s1 ,nasu no ,yoi*i1 :o on horseback rode 9 ! waves1 & ) a well-direct$ arr[ broke ! rivet :i* held ! leaves toge!r1 & ?us %att]$ ! fan4' ,illu/ration3 ,w> ,fans1 ,gun ,s54 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h>d+ ,smi?4 ,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,messel4 ,! second tells ( ,araki1 a ,samurai :om ,oda ,nobunaga wi%$ to kill1 summon+ him to audi5ce1 plac+ himself 9 su* a position t ! neck ( ! ,samurai came 9 l9e ) ! slid+ panels sep>at+ ! audi5ce *amb] f ! daimio's room1 int5d+ to h ! %oji slamm$ toge!r z ! man knelt1 & ?us decapitate him4 ,araki1 suspect+ ! trap1 promptly laid 8 iron fan 9 ! groove1 jamm+ ! %utt]s1 & ?us sav+ himself4#eg ,! ,ha u*iwa 7j9 s57 is a camp-fan orig9ally introduc$ f ,*9a 9 ! sev5? c5tury & made ( ! fea!rs ( ! eagle1 pheasant1 or peacock1 ! h&le usually lacqu]$ r$1 black1 or blue2 ! int]e/+ example illu/rat$ is =m$ ( eagles' fea!rs fix$ 9 a horn h&le4 ,danc+-fans 7,mai ogi7 7 introduc$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! br9s are t5 9 numb]1 ! m\nt ( ?ick pap]1 usually be>+ a family cre/4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ ( ^! fans is to be se5 9 ! pa9t+ ( a danc] by ,matabei 7born #aegh71 9 ! ,morrison collection 7reproduc$ 9 ,pa9t+ 9 ! ,f> ,ea/1 ,laur5ce ,b9yon71 ! decoration ( ! m\nt consi/+ ( a few scatt]$ leaves4 ,! fan is ! mo/ usual accompanim5t ( ! dance1 & is g5]ally se5 9 ! h&s ( ! ,kagura danc]s or ( ! p]=m]s ) ! ,%i%i mask4 ,! fan dance1 :i* is m ne>ly alli$ to juggl]y ?an to ! dance1 is said to commemorate ! p]=mance ( ,uzume :ile allur+ ! ,sun ,goddess ,amat]asu f ! cav]n1 :i!r %e once retir$1 plung+ ! _w into tempor>y d>kness by h] abs5ce4 ,9 ?is1 ! fan repres5ts ! leaves ( ! p9e-tree1 ! p]=m] balanc+ a numb] on 8 =ehead1 nose1 m\?1 h&s & feet4 ,tea-fans 7,rikiu ogi7 are = use at ! tea c]emonies celebrat$ 9 hon\r ( tea 9 e prov9ce on ! fir/ day ( ! fir/ mon?1 & commemorat+ ! cur+ ( ! ,emp]or ,murakami1 #idg-ifg ,a4,d41 ( a disease aga9/ :i* ! physicians 7 p[]less4 ,! ,emp]or recov]$ aft] dr9k+ an (f]+ ( tea made to ! ,goddess ,kwany94 ,! code1 t =m]ly 0 ( a gorge\s description1 0 modifi$ lat] by ,s5-no ,rikiu1 f :om ! fan set ap>t z cake tray or sauc] d]ives its "n4 ,! ,rikiu fan is ( ! simple/ possible con/ruction1 hav+ only ?ree /icks1 ! decoration also be+ ( a simple "*4 ,x is us$ = h&+ r\nd little cakes1 & = no o!r purpose1 fann+ be+ /rictly taboo$ dur+ su* a dignifi$ proce$+4#eh ,! giant clos+ fans 7,mita ogi7 7 us$ 9 ! processions at ,ise 9 hon\r ( ! ,sun ,goddess1 ! traditional orig9ator ( ! ,japanese dyna/y4 ,^! 7 six or sev5 feet long1 five m5 be+ appo9t$ to c>ry "o ( ?is huge magnitude4 ,wat]-fans 7,mizu u*iwa71 = kit*5 use1 date f ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,^! are ( bamboo split into segm5ts1 cov]$ ) /\t pap]1 & v>ni%$ or lightly lacqu]$ s z to all[ ( ! fan be+ dipp$ 9 wat]1 ?us secur+ extra coolness by evaporation4 ,!y are (t5 decorat$ ) figures & o!r subjects1 ! v>ni% subsequ5tly appli$ be+ ( a ri* w>m br[n4 ,roll-up fans 7,maki u*iwa7 are circul>1 ! pap] /iff5$ ) ?9 /rips ( bamboo2 ! h&le is ( bamboo cut ?r\gh ) a slit to all[ ! circul> fan1 :i* is set on a pivot1 to h free play4 ,:5 op51 ! /rips ( ! bamboo f\ndation are horizontal1 ?us secur+ rigidity2 :5 n 9 use1 ! position ( ! /rips may be rev]s$1 & ! disc roll$ r\nd ! /ick & ti$4 ,illu/ration3 ,mod]n ,japanese ,fan1 ,ivory ) gilt ,lacqu]1 & ,pa9t$ ,fan sign$ ,kunihisa4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,tomk9son4 ,( mod]n fans1 ^? ( ivory & tortoise-%ell1 c>v$ or decorat$ ) lacqu] & inlay1 are1 = ! mo/ "p1 made = exportation1 & are (t5 ( extreme beauty4 ,! excell5t example 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum is decorat$ ) circul> m$allions 9 gold lacqu] ( v>i\s %ades1 portions be+ c>v$ 9 relief4 ,x is f9ely inlaid 9 places ) "m ( pe>l2 sign$ by ,tai%9 7a pupil ( ,zes%971 & dat$ #ahhd4 ,an example1 equally f9e1 is giv5 f ! collection ( ,mr4 ,m4 ,tomk9son4 ,?is is decorat$ ) a view ( ,fuji san1 or ,fuji-no-yama 7pe]less m\nta972 ^? born )9 its wat* are consid]$ mo/ happy & =tunate be+s4 #8,great ,fujiyama1 t['r+ to ! sky6 ,a treasure art ?\ giv'n to mortal man1 ,a god-protector wat*+ o'er ,japan-- ,on !e = ev] let me fea/ m9e eye4'#ei ,( ! *eap] h&-scre5s export$ 9 l>ge quantities to ,europe1 ! simple/ =m is t ( a dri$ palm leaf cut to ! requir$ %ape1 & b\nd r\nd ! edge1 ! /em =m+ ! h&le4 ,! mo/ common v>iety is made by splitt+ bamboo into ?9 /rips t are spread out radially1 fa/5$ ) ?9 cord1 & cov]$ ) pap]2 ^! are decorat$ ) designs display+ high qualities ( arrangem5t & graphic skill1 & are pr9t$ 9 t process ( *romoxylography :i*1 if n actually inv5t$ by ! ,japanese1 has be5 c>ri$ by !m to its highe/ po9t ( excell5ce4 ,a m elaborate h&-scre5 is also export$1 ! cov]+ ( silk1 pa9t$4 ,x w be readily und]/ood1 t ! fan1 ent]+ z x does s closely into ! daily life ( ! ,japanese1 %\ld also =m ! subject ( _m games4 ,two *>act]i/ic in/ances may be cit$4 ,! #8fan & cup' game 0 p>ticul>ly fav\r$ by c\rt nobles & ladies4 ,a company met by ! riv]1 ea* memb] laun*+ on ! wat] a fan prep>$ ) v>ni% or lacqu] to ensure buoyancy & to prev5t absorption ( moi/ure4 ,! game consi/$ 9 ! composition ( a v]se or c\plet ( poetry dur+ ! "t ! fans 7 at ! m]cy ( w9d & wave1 & be=e !y rega9$ t]ra-firma4 ,tea-cups 7 also us$1 ?is la/ be+ illu/rat$ 9 a ,*9ese makimono by ,hwei-*i ,ku-,yu51 ,briti% ,museum1 #bgf4 ,9 ! ogi oto%i or fan t>get game1 a t>get call$ #8*o1' made some:at 9 ! =m ( a butt]fly1 is plac$ on a l[ table or p$e/al on ! floor4 ,a fan is ?r[n f a giv5 di/ance ) a sudd5 & peculi> turn ( ! wri/1 caus+ x to rev]se itself 9 its passage ?r\gh ! air & /rike ! t>get ) ! rivet end4 ,?is game is play$ by two p fac+ ! t>get at opposite ends4 ,bells are atta*$ to ! out] edge ( ! #8*o1' t s\nd :5 a successful hit has be5 accompli%$4#fj ,no notice1 h[ev] brief1 ( ! fans ( ,japan w\ld be complete )\t "s ref]5ce to ! con/ant employm5t ( ! fan =m z a decorative motif 9 ,japanese design1 "o ( ! _m evid5ces ( ! important place ! fan holds 9 ! affections ( ! p4 ,lacqu]$ tea-trays assume ! %ape ( ! fan2 ink/&s take ! =m ( a clos$ fan1 ! ink-well at ! rivet end1 ! body ( ! fan =m+ a case = p5s2#fa :ile 9 diap]$ patt]ns1 bord]s1 & o!r decoration1 bo? flat & 9 relief1 ! fan motif is con/antly made use (4 ,! int]e/+ s]ies ( fan-%ap$ panels illu/rative ( ,japanese hi/ory1 by an unkn[n arti/ ( ! ,yamato ,tosa s*ool1 sev5te5? c5tury1 ,briti% ,museum1 #cje-cbd1 are excell5t in/ances ( ! use ( ! fan =m 9 flat decoration1 ^! be+ probably remov$ f an old scre54 ,?ree kakmonos 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,r4 ,ph5 ,spi]s are ea* f9ely pa9t$ ) f\r full-siz$ fans1 decorat$ ) v>i\s lilies1 drawn ) t consummate skill & k ( plant =m :i* w\ld appe> to be ! peculi> h]itage ( ! sons ( ,dai ,nippon4 ,illu/ration3 ,?ree ,*kei4 ,mr ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,messel4 ,illu/ration3 ,palm ,leaf ,fan1 us$ by ! ,great ,*iefs1 ,fiji4 ,hide ,fan1 ,nig]ia4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,fans ,,( ,,primitive ,,peoples ,illu/ration ,9 any survey ( ! indu/rial arts ( ! m primitive nations or peoples1 ?ree facts mu/ be tak5 into consid]ation3 #a/1 climatic conditions2 #bnd1 ! natural products indig5\s to ! c\ntry1 & ! outcome ( its climatic conditions2 #crd1 ! degree ( ! intellectual developm5t ( its inhabitants4 ,! /udy ( any p>ticul> bran* ( art presupposes "s acqua9tance ) ! hi/ory ( ! p among :om ! art 0 practis$4 ,9 consid]+1 h[ev]1 ! art ( primitive peoples1 ?is matt] ( hi/ory & association plays b a m9or "p4 ,pictorial /oriation is practically non-exi/5t1 individualism is lo/ 9 ! collective racial influ5ce4 ,moreov]1 ! raw mat]ial ( indu/ry is precisely ! k9d readie/ to h&1 & g5]ally dem&+ ! m9imum ( skill 9 its work+4 ,! fans ( primitive or m or less uncivilis$ peoples may !re=e be divid$ into ?ree or f\r di/9ct types3 #a/1 ! natural palm-leaf fans1 common 9 mo/ palm-produc+ c\ntries2 #bnd1 ! plait$ ru%-1 grass-1 or cane-fans1 ^! be+ g5]ally ( ! spatula1 or half-halb]d %ape2 #crd1 hide-fans1 :i* usually take ! =m ( r\nd or oval scre5s2 #d?1 fea!r-fans1 ! "* be+ necess>ily det]m9$ by ! k9d ( fea!rs employ$4 ,x w readily be p]ceiv$ t ! e>lie/ & simple/ =ms are ^? suppli$ ready to h& by ,nature h]self1 viz4 palm-leaf fans4 ,^! may be divid$ into two great classes4 ,9 ! "o1 ! leaf is set symmetrically on ! /em2 9 ! o!r1 x is fix$ lat]ally2 9 bo? in/ances ! natural /em =ms ! h&le4 ,an excell5t example ( ! fir/ nam$ is ! l>ge fan made f ! leaf ( ! ,prit*>dia pacifica1 us$ only by ! great *iefs ( ! ,fiji ,isl&s4 ,9 ?is ! leaf is cut to ! %ape ( a rev]s$ he>t1 b\nd r\nd ! bord] by a wisp1 ! ends ( ! fronds be+ arrang$ 9 tufts at int]vals r\nd ! edge ( ! fan1 =m+ an agreeable contra/ to ! simple radiat+ l9es ( ! leaf4 ,9 ! second class ( palm-fan1 "o side ( ! leaf is ei!r cut away or b5t lat]ally1 ! l>ge leaves ( ! ,palmyra or ,talipot palms be+ us$1 cut %ort1 ! edges work$ r\nd ) an appli$ bord] ( ?9 /rips ( ! leaf4 ,?is =m appe>s to be ubiquit\s2 x is common1 n only to primitive peoples1 b also to ! m civilis$ c\ntries ( ! ,ea/4 ,9 ,india x appe>s bo? 9 ! =m ( ! small] h&-fans & ! l>g] pankhs1 (t5 ri*ly decorat$ 9 col\r1 ) ins]t$ plaques ( mica1 or o!r ornam5tal device4 ,! art ( plait+ ) ru%1 /raw1 grass1 cane1 roots1 & o!r flexible mat]ials is "o ( ! v e>lie/ practis$ by man2 we f9d x 9 con/ant use among/ savage tribes1 :o employ ! process = mats1 baskets1 v>i\s cov]+s = ! p]son1 & o!r articles ( p]sonal & dome/ic use2 bo? ! te*nical skill & ! /hetic effect be+ (t5 ( a v high ord]4 ,x w at once be p]ceiv$ t ?is process is especially suit$ to ! fan1 :i* dem&s1 above all ?+s1 lightness ( con/ruction2 ! plait$ fan is !re=e ! mo/ usual =m 9 t va/ gr\p ( isl&s kn[n z ,polynesia1 z well z 9 mo/ o!r c\ntries situat$ )9 ! equatorial belt4 ,! pr9ciple ( plait+ is to comm5ce f ! /ick or h&le1 :i* g5]ally ext5ds two-?irds ( ! di/ance along ! blade or leaf ( ! fan4 ,! /ick is g5]ally ( wood1 occasionally ( ivory1 & 9 "s in/ances bo? sub/ances are employ$1 ! h&le (t5 elaborately c>v$4 ,! mo/ usual %ape is t ( a spe> cut crosswise & %ort5$3 ! ord9>y pr9ciple ( =m-developm5t is foll[$1 f extreme att5uation l5g?wise1 to extreme wid? & %ortness1 ! =m ( ! l[] bord] v>y+ f an acute angle to a semicircle1 ! top v>y+ f /raight l9e to ar*$ or curv$4 ,illu/ration ,! plait+ is ( v>y+ degrees ( f95ess accord+ to ! "* ( ! leaf1 /raw1 cane1 or fibre employ$4 ,! patt]n+ also v>ies1 occasionally /raw ( a diff]5t col\r 7black or br[n7 be+ introduc$4 ,?is type ( fan is f\nd 9 ! ,m>quesas ,isl&s 7,s\? ,pacific71 ! ,h]vey 7,cook7 ,isl&s1 ,solomon ,isl&s1 ,samoa1 & ! ,hawaiian or ,s&wi* ,isl&s4 ,a l>ge plait$ broad ru%-fan appe>s 9 ! ,horniman ,museum1 made & pres5t$ by ,que5 ,kapiolani ( ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s 7illu/rat$ p4 #bgb72 a simil>ly =m$ fan appe>s 9 ! same collection f ,tahiti4 ,9 "s examples f ,samoa 9 ! ,briti% ,museum collection1 ! %apes are slightly m v>i$1 rem>kably s 9 "o in/ance 9 :i* ! top bord] assumes a po9t$ or zigzag patt]n4 ,! kite %ape also is f\nd 9 v>i\s =ms4 7,page #ha1 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c47 ,illu/ration3 ,,hawaiian ,,isl&s ,9 ! ,hawaiian gr\p a spatula %ape appe>s1 ?is also be+ develop$ to its utmo/ limit ( bread? or wid?1 ! h&les ( plait$ hair1 9 two col\rs1 =m+ a patt]n4 ,9 ,briti% ,guiana a curi\s fan 7w>ri w>ri7 is us$1 =m$ ( /rips ( ! ,ita palm1 hav+ no /em1 b simply a roll$ edge1 ei!r s+le or d\ble 7crosswise71 =m+ a f9i% to ! leaf or blade1 & af=d+ a grip = ! h&4 ,! size ( ^! fans v>ies f six to fifte5 in*es4 ,a developm5t ( ! above =m is us$ z bell[s by ! natives ( ,ecuador & ,p]u2 ! d\ble h&le slightly long]1 ! =ms v>i$ to leaf & %ield %ape4 ,9 ,india1 also1 ! two-h&l$ bell[s-fan is us$1 made ( /rips ( ! leaf-/alk ( ! ,tucuma palm4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a curi\s little fan hav+ only a loop = h&le1 =m$ ( plait$ re$ 7,iturite7 ( two col\rs1 br[n & black4 7,page #ha1 ,no4 #h47 ,9 ! hide-fans common on ! we/]n bord] ( ,africa1 ! =m approa*es t ( a circul> scre51 set on a wood5 h&le4 ,9 ^! ! ornam5tation is ei!r =m$ ( ! natural m>k+s ( ! hide1 or an #8appliqu' ( lea!r1 pa9t$ :ite1 & cut to v>i\s p]=at$ patt]ns1 s z to %[ a bright v]milion fea!r /uff 9 ! p]=ations2 ! ?ree col\rs1 ! br[n or black ( ! hide1 ! :ite lea!r1 & ! v]milion p]=ations =m+ a v effective contra/4 ,examples f ,nig]ia appe> 9 ! ,briti% ,museum collection4 ,a small] fan ( goatsk9 is 9 ! ,horniman ,museum4 ,^! hide-fans =m "p ( ! fanta/ic dea?-dance co/umes ( ,old ,calab>4 ,illu/ration3 #a1 #b1 #c1 #aa1 #ab4 ,,samoa4 #d1 #e4 ,,briti% ,,guiana4 #f1 #g1 #h4 ,,ecuador ,,& ,,p]u4 #i1 #aj4 ,,s\?-,,ea/]n ,,pacific4 ,fea!rs1 al?\gh con/antly employ$ z ornam5ts to ! p]son1 are less commonly us$ = fans ?an might g5]ally be suppos$1 especially 9 c\ntries :]e bird life is abundant4 ,among/ ! ,blackfoot nation ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians1 eagles' fea!rs 7 us$ z a /&>d ( val\r at ! adv5t ( ! :ite man1 & ! capture ( eagles 0 reg>d$ z a sacr$ c]emony4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a fan ( ^! eagles' fea!rs1 ) a h&le cov]$ ) co>se l95 ( a pr9t$ patt]n2 to ! tip ( ea* fea!r is affix$ a small p9k fluffy fea!r1 ?us =m+ a p9k bord] to ! top ( ! fan1 ! bord] be+ repeat$ at ! top ( ! h&le4 ,?is 0 procur$ f #8,little ,e>s1' a ,blood ,indian4 ,a simil> fan1 m9us ! h&le1 appe>s 9 ! same collection2 9 ?is in/ance ! tips ( ! fea!rs are ornam5t$ ) little tails made ( hair1 v>i$ at ! l[] ends by :ite fur4 ,9 consequ5ce ( a dream t appe>$ to a ,blood *ief nam$ ,be>s' ,lodge1 a dance 0 in/itut$ 9 :i* ^! fans 7 wav$1 & :i/les made ( eagles' bones 7 c>ri$ & us$4 7,illu/rat$ opposite47 ,c]emonial fans 7 employ$ by ! ,indians ( ! ,great ,we/2 we h an acc\nt ( ! visit ( a ,ta5sas *ief on ! banks ( ! ,l[] ,mississippi to ,le ,sieur de ,la ,salle 9 #afhb3 #8,! ,*ief condesc5d$ to visit ,la ,salle at 8 camp2 a fav\r :i* he w\ld by no means h grant$1 _h ! visitors be5 ,indians4 ,a ma/] ( c]emonies & six att5dants prec$$ him1 to cle> ! pa? & prep>e ! place ( meet+4 ,:5 all 0 ready1 he 0 se5 advanc+ clo!d 9 a :ite robe1 & prec$$ by two m5 be>+ :ite fans1 :ile a ?ird display$ a disc ( burni%$ copp]1 d\btless to repres5t ! ,sun1 8 ance/or1 or1 z o!rs w h x1 8 eld] bro!r4'#fb ,x is safe to assume t ^! fans 7 ( fea!rs1 & ! incid5t is an evid5ce t ! use ( ! fan 9 high c]emonial 0 univ]sal1 & common to bo? ,ea/ & ,we/4 ,illu/ration3 ,two small ,palm ,fans4 ,we/ ,africa4 ,fly ,:isks1 ,tahiti4 ,cockade ,fan1 ) inscription4 ,fan ( ,eagles ,fea!rs1 ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian4 ,!re /ill rema9s ! cockade =m ( fan1 f\nd among/ ! ,we/ ,african tribes2 an example appe>+ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum collection1 ( pap]1 ) primitive pa9t$ ornam5ts 9 black1 r$1 & yell[1 alt]nat$ ) inscription2 ! fan measur+ "s tw5ty in*es 9 diamet]4 ,a mo/ int]e/+ example ( hide appe>s 9 ! ,horniman ,museum1 tak5 f ! k+'s palace at ,b59 9 #ahig4 ,?is1 d\btless1 f its size & ! cumbr\s nature ( its mat]ial1 z well z ! =ego+ example1 0 wav$ by ! att5dants ( "s highly plac$ p]sonage1 probably ! k+4 ,illu/ration ,! squ>e or oblong flag-fan is made by ! natives ( ! ,nig] settlem5ts ( ,we/ ,africa4 ,an example 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum is ( plait$ grass ) /rips ( ! natural %ades ( br[n & yell[1 & o!rs /a9$ r$ & black2 ! h&le is cov]$ ) r$di%-br[n lea!r1 fr+$ along ! side ( ! leaf1 ! fan edg$ ) ! same mat]ial4 ,! appe>ance ( simil> decorative motifs 9 c\ntries widely sep>ate op5s up an int]e/+ field ( speculation4 ,"s explanation1 h[ev]1 ( ! fact ( ! cockade 7?\gh 9 itself1 toge!r ) ! flag =m1 a simple device7 appe>+ among ! ,we/ ,african tribes1 may be f\nd 9 ! fact t ! natives ( ! int]ior ( ,we/ ,africa 7 long expos$ to ! influ5ce ( ! ,mohamm$an culture ( ! ,we/]n ,sudan2 ! races 7 to "s ext5t int]m+l$1 & a close comm]cial relation%ip has be5 ma9ta9$ dur+ a long p]iod4 ,fly-:isks are obvi\sly articles ( necessity ?r\gh\t ! c\ntries ( ! ,torrid ,zone4#fc ,^! are =m$ ei!r ( fea!rs1 ( vegetable fibre1 ( ! hair ( ! l>g] animals1 ( hemp5 /r+1 or o!r mat]ials4 ,^! in/rum5ts occasionally acquire a sacr$ significance2 ,blondel affirms t !y 7 common 9 ,p]u & ,mexico be=e ! ,spani% conque/1 &1 toge!r ) ! fan1 7 us$ also z a symbol ( au?ority1 ! h&les be+ adorn$ ) ! preci\s /one #8!oatz-ehuaquetzalli4' ,a species ( fly-:isk1 =m$ ( dri$ grass1 is us$ z a w> feti% by ! natives ( ! ,gold ,coa/2 9 "s in/ances an iron bell is atta*$1 c>ri$ & rung by ! magician 9 front ( ! w>riors4 ,/icks & also fan h&les b\nd ) fea!rs are us$ z propitiatory (f]+s to ! gods by ! natives ( ! ,s\?-,ea/]n ,pacific4 7,page #ha1 ,nos4 #i1 #aj47 ,9 ! ,hawaiian ,isl&s fea!r w&s 7,kahili7 are c>ri$ z a symbol ( rank2 ^! appe> to h be5 orig9ally fly-:isks1 & are =m$ ( ! tail fea!rs ( v>i\s birds4 ,six examples are includ$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum collection1 ! h&les =m$ ( ivory alt]nat$ ) horn1 ! extremity ( ! h&le be+ =m$ ( ! bone ( an enemy4 ,a long fly-:isk f ,hawaii appe>s 9 ! same collection1 =m$ ( ! neck fea!rs ( ! cock1 ( v>y+ col\rs1 :ite1 orange1 & br[n1 ) black tip2 ! h&le ( wood1 b\nd r\nd ) black & buff cane4 ,! mo/ primitive =m ( fly-:isk is t f ! ,&aman ,isl&s 9 ! ,bay ( ,b5gal1 made ( grass fibre1 b\nd to a /ick1 & resembl+ a r\gh besom4 ,illu/ration ,vegetable fibre ( v>i\s k9ds w\ld appe>1 inde$1 to be ! mat]ial mo/ commonly employ$ = ^! articles1 be+1 d\btless1 ! readie/ sub/ance to h&4 ,a rem>kable s]ies ( fly-:isks f ,tahiti1 =m$ ( fibre1 7 pres5t$ to ! ,briti% ,museum by ,sir ,w4 ,c4 ,trevelyan1 ,b>t42 9 ^!1 ! h&les 7( wood7 are f9ely plait$ half-way ) fibre ( two col\rs1 ! re/ ( ! h&le ( a spiral =m1 ! head c>v$ to a fanta/ic %ape4 ,illu/ration ,an int]e/+ fly-:isk f ! ,tonga ,isl&s is =m$ ( cocoa-nut fibre1 f9ely plait$ at its junction ) ! wood5 h&le2 small turquoise1 black1 & :ite beads1 are affix$ to ! plait$ portion1 ^! =m+ an extremely effective contra/ to ! ri* r$ br[n ( ! fibre4 ,9 ,samoa1 enorm\s fly-:isks are =m$ ( ?is mat]ial1 sometimes affix$ to a h&le ( wood1 & occasionally b\nd r\nd ) ! same mat]ial to =m ! h&le4 7,page #ha1 ,nos4 #aa1 #ab47 ,a curi\s fly-:isk f ,tahiti is ( twi/$ fibre1 ! h&le be+ =m$ ( two birds' w+-bones b\nd toge!r1 ) a portion ( plait$ fibre 9 two col\rs =m+ ! extremity ( ! /em at its junction ) ! :isk4 ,! ,matabeles employ fly-:isks ( horse-hair1 bo? :ite & black4 ,an example ( :ite horse-hair b\nd ) brass1 fix$ 9 a h&le ( cane1 & also "o ( black hair1 ) ! h&le =m$ ( plait$ brass wire1 are to be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,a simil> fly-:isk ( black horse-hair is 9 ! same collection2 ! h&le ( /eel wire1 b\nd r\nd a d\ble lea!r ?ong1 ! extremity =m+ a loop ornam5t$ by blue glass beads4 ,^! are us$ by ! eld]s 7,elmoru7 ( ! ,ea/ ,african ,protectorate4 ,illu/ration ,black horse-hair =ms ! mat]ial ( fly-:isks us$ by ! natives ( ! ,upp] ,nile4 ,9 ! example illu/rat$ ! hair is set 9 an op5-%ap$ piece ( lea!r1 ) a long bone h&le4 ,illu/ration ,9 ,abyss9ia1 also1 fly-:isks =m$ ( ! tails ( ! small] animals are employ$4 ,an example occurs 9 ! ,india ,museum1 ! hair dy$ r$ & yell[1 ! h&le ( silv] p>cel-gilt4 ,probably ! mo/ curi\s ( all fans & fan-l objects 9 use among primitive peoples is ! s-call$ ,gho/ ,fan ( ,s\? ,celebes 7,malay ,ar*ipelago74 ,?is my/]i\s object consi/s ( a triangul> arrangem5t at ! end ( a /ick1 ( f9e spun r$ /uff embelli%$ ) a bord]+ ( gold t9sel1 toge!r ) spangles or hang+ ornam5ts along its l[] edge4 ,ar\nd ! /ick is tightly twi/$ a piece ( pap]1 probably conta9+ an incantation4 ,an example occurs 9 ! ,e?nological ,museum1 ,b]l91 ref]r$ to & illu/rat$ 9 ,d] ,f*]1 ,georg ,buss4 7,see p4 #ajf47 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,t\rnam5t1 by ,e4 ,moreau4 ,ivory bris1 pa9t$ gilt4 ,victoria ,alb]t ,museum4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,flabellum ,,& ,,e>ly ,,fea!r-,,fan ,illu/ration3 ,,angel ,,wav+ ,a ,,flabellum 7,f ! ,book ( ,kells47 ,! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 0 quick to p]ceive ! utility ( ! fan z an in/rum5t ( religi\s c]emonial1 imp>t+ to ?is object a my/]i\s importance1 a sac]dotal di/9ction1 pres]v+ & %ield+ x f common use2 x has ev5 be5 claim$ t ?is appropriation 0 in/itut$ by ! ,apo/les !mselves1 ,bi%op ,su>ez attempt+ to sub/antiate ?is by an appeal to an apocryphal liturgy attribut$ to ,/4 ,james4 ,! e>lie/ recognis$ notice1 h[ev]1 ( ! flabellum z a liturgical ornam5t is 9 ! ,apo/olical ,con/itutions1 :i* direct t aft] ! oblation1 be=e & dur+ ! pray] ( consecration1 two deacons are to /&1 "o on ei!r side ( ! alt>1 hold+ a fan made ( ?9 membrane 7p>*m5t71 or ( peacocks' fea!rs1 or ( f9e l951 & quietly drive away ! flies & o!r small insects1 t !y may n /ick aga9/ ! vessels2 ?is use ( ! flabellum be+ d]iv$1 n f ! ritual ( ! synagogue ( ! ,jews1 b f t ( ! ,pagan temples4 ,butl] 7,anci5t ,coptic ,*ur*es ( ,egypt7 quotes a simil> rubric f ! liturgy ( ,/4 ,clem5t4 ,! same au?or ref]s also to flabella wav$ by ! deacons 9 ! ,syrian ,jacobite1 & probably also 9 ! ,coptic1 rite = ! ord9ation ( a prie/ at lay+ on ( h&s--!y appe>$ at solemn fe/ivals & at regul> celebrations ( mass4#fd ,on ,good ,friday1 also1 !y 7 us$ at ! consecrations ( ,*rism--sev5 deacons hold+ flabella1 walk+ on ei!r side ( ! holy oil :5 c>ri$ 9 procession4 ,illu/ration3 ,,silv] ,,processional ,,flabellum 7,f ,butl]47 ,_m evid5ces ( its e>ly adoption by ! ,lat9 ,*ur* are extant4 ,mos*us 7,prat4 ,spirituale1 #aej7 cites an occurr5ce %[+ its employm5t 9 ! "t ( ,pope ,agapetus1 ,a4,d4 #ece1 9 :i* a deacon1 :o _h falsely accus$ 8 bi%op1 0 remov$ f ! alt> :5 he 0 hold+ ! fan 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,pope1 because he h9d]$ ! desc5t ( ! ,holy ,_s on ! gifts4 ,?is same au?or 7,prat4 ,spirituale1 #aif71 9 n>rat+ h[ "s %eph]d boys ne> ,apamea 7 imitat+ ! celebration ( ! ,eu*>i/ 9 *ildi% sport1 is c>eful to m5tion t two ( ! *ildr5 /ood on ei!r side ( ! celebrant1 vibrat+ _! h&k]*iefs l fans1#fe ?us %[+ t ! use ( ! flabellum 0 g5]al ev5 at ?is e>ly p]iod4 ,9 a lett] ( ,/4 ,hildeb]t1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,t\rs1 c4 #ajih1 accompany+ ! pres5t ( a flabellum made to a fri5d1 its use & my/ic import are expla9$--! flies1 repres5t+ ! temptations ( ! devil1 are to be driv5 away by ! ,ca?olic fai?4 ,gradually ! wav+ ( ! flabellum acquir$ a deep] symbolic mean+--x 0 held to signify ! waft+ ( div9e influ5ce ^u ! c]emony1 ! movem5ts to & fro symbolis+ ! quiv]+ ( ! w+s ( ! ,s]aphim2 h5ce we f9d repres5tatives ( ! ,s]aphim play+ an important "p 9 its ornam5tation4 ,9 ! ,book ( ,kells we h a repres5tation ( ! f\r evangeli/s 9 :i* ! ,s]aphic symbol ( ,/4 ,mat!w is figur$ by ! cross$ flabella1 ea* hav+ a pair ( bells ) triple hamm]s2 ! rema9+ ?ree evangeli/s be+ repres5t$ by ! usual symbols ( ! ,lion 9 ! c5tre1 & ! ,bull & ,eagle at ! l[] corn]s4 ,g]manus 7,neale1 ,ea/]n ,*ur*1 p4 #cif7 goes ev5 fur!r1 & holds t ! vibration ( ! flabellum typifies ! tremor & a/oni%m5t ( ! angels at our ,"l's ,passion4 ,9 a ,byzant9e fresco at ,nekrsi 7,caucasus71 ( a date unc]ta9 b some:at late1 an op5 sanctu>y is repres5t$ ) two angelic w+$ deacons wav+ s]aphic flabella ar\nd ! head ( ! second p]son ( ! ,tr9ity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,coptic ,,flabellum4 7,f ,butl]47 ,we h1 !n1 9 ^! flabella1 two di/9ct types--! "o compos$ ( "s yield+ mat]ial su* z vellum or peacocks' fea!rs1 ! h&les usually ( ivory2 ! o!r rigid1 & =m$ ( metal1 ei!r silv] or silv] gilt1 ?is latt] be+ ess5tially a processional fan2 bo? be+ us$ 9 c]emonial processions & celebrations ( ! mass4 ,metal flabella also divide !mselves into two classes--! l>ge-h&l$ processional fan1 & ! %ort h&-fan2 an example ( ! latt] is giv5 f ,butl]1 & consi/s ( a circul> disc ( metal decorat$ ) two rude figures ( ! ,s]aphim int]sp]s$ ) ,romanesque ornam5t4 ,actual specim5s ( anci5t flabella are almo/ non-exi/5t1 al?\gh a few h be5 pres]v$ on ! ,cont95t2 "o ( ! mo/ fam\s be+ t ( ! abbey *ur* ( ,t\rnus1 on ! ,sane1 s\? ( ,*alon1 at pres5t 9 ! ,c>r& collection1 ,museo ,nazionale1 ,flor5ce4 ,?is rem>kable example1 :i* may be tak5 z a *>act]i/ic type1 is =m$ ( a /rip ( vellum fold$ la coc>de1 pa9t$ on bo? sides ) figures ( ,/4 ,philib]t & o!r sa9ts divid$ by conv5tional trees4 ,! out] bord]s consi/ ( a cont9u\s scroll ( ,romanesque ornam5t int]sp]s$ ) figures ( animals4 ,lat9 hexamet]s & p5tamet]s are inscrib$ on ! ?ree conc5tric bord]s ( ! fan1 z foll[s3-- ,,flam9is ,,hoc ,,donum1 ,,regnator ,,summe ,,polorum1 ,,oblatum ,,puro ,,pectore ,,sume ,,lib5s4 ,,virgo ,,p>5s ,,xpi ,,voto ,,celebr>is ,,eodem1 ,,hic ,,col]is ,,p>it]1 ,,tu ,,filib]te ,,sac]4 ,,sunt ,,duo ,,quae ,,modicum ,,conf]t ,,e/ate ,,flabellum2 ,,infe/as ,,abigit ,,muscas ,,et ,,mitigat ,,ae/us1 ,,et ,,s9e ,,dat ,,t$io ,,gu/>e ,,munus ,,ciborum4 ,,propt]ea ,,calidum ,,qui ,,vult ,,transire ,,p] ,,annum1 ,,et ,,tutus ,,cupit ,,ab ,,atris ,,exi/]e ,,muscis1 ,,omni ,,se ,,/udeat ,,ae/ate ,,munire ,,flabello4 ,,hoc ,,decus ,,eximium ,,pul*ro ,,mod]am9e ,,ge/um1 ,,condecet ,,9 ,,sacro ,,semp] ,,adesse ,,loco2 ,,namque ,,suo ,,volucres ,,infe/as ,,flam9e ,,pellit1 ,,et ,,/rictim ,,motus ,,longius ,,ire ,,facit4 ,,hoc ,,quoque ,,flabellum ,,tranquillas ,,excitat ,,auras1 ,,/us ,,dum ,,sevit ,,v5tum ,,facit ,,atque ,,s]5um1 ,,fugat ,,et ,,obsc5as ,,importunasque ,,volucres4 ,! h&le is =m$ ( f\r cyl9d]s ( :ite bone1 two be+ ornam5t$ ) semi-naturali/ic v9e foliage runn+ spirally r\nd ! /em1 ! two l[] flut$4 ,^! cyl9d]s are unit$ by nodes or pommels1 t9t$ gre52 on ! middle node ! inscription ,,mi*el ,m 1 on ! upp] ,,iohel ,,me ,,scae ,,fecit ,,9 ,,honore ,,m>iae4 ,! /em is surm\nt$ by a capital ) f\r figures ( sa9ts1 ^: names appe> on ! node imm$iately b5ea?3 ,s ,,m>ia ,s ,,agn ,s ,,filib ,s ,,pet4 ,on ! capital re/s ! gu>d or box :i* receives ! flabellum :5 clos$2 ! f\r sides are ( elaborately c>v$ :ite bone ) gre5-t9t$ bord]s2 ! front & back panels1 betray+ evid5ce ( a diff]5t h&1 are n[ 9 ! ,muse de ,cluny1 ,p>is1 & consi/ ( arabesques ( foliage ) figures1 birds1 animals1 etc41 modell$ ) great _s4 ,! two lat]al panels or faces =m ! ri*e/ portion ( ! fan1 & are c>v$ ) six subjects f ! ,eclogues ( ,virgil4 ,?ree seat$ s5ators ) o!r figures1 two %eph]ds ) ox52 ?ree %eph]ds1 two ( :om are play+ pipes1 "s %eep 9 ! =egr\nd2 a seat$ %eph]d bl[+ a horn2 ano!r %eph]d ) ox5 & goats2 a %eph]d & satyr ) dog & goats2 & a seat$ %eph]d ) two ox54 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by ,al9>i4 ,! ,flabellum ( ,t\rnus4 ,,ix4 c5t4 ,museo ,nazionale1 ,flor5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by ,al9>i4 ,! ,flabellum ( ,t\rnus1 details4 ,museo ,nazionale1 ,flor5ce4 ,! modell+ is some:at rude & ar*aic1 b extremely ri* 9 decorative effect4 ,"o edge ( ! fan is fix$ 9 ! box1 ! o!r is atta*$ to "o ( ! lat]al panels1 :i*1 9 ord] to op5 ! fan1 is drawn ov] & atta*$ to ! rev]s$ side by means ( a cord4 ,bo? sides are figur$ 9 col\rs 9 ,du ,somm]>d's "w ,les ,arts du ,moy5 ,age4 ,( o!r flabella :i* exi/1 "o is pres]v$ 9 ! ,dom9ican ,mona/]y ( ,pr\ille1 9 ! diocese ( ,t\l\se2 ano!r1 ) a h&le ( silv]1 0 =m]ly at ,/4 ,victor1 ne> ,m>seilles4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum is a portion ( an ivory h&le ( a flabellum1 ,fr5*1 ( ! twelf? c5tury1 ab\t twelve in*es 9 l5g?1 f9ely c>v$ ) figures ( ! twelve ,apo/les & emblems ( ! ,evangeli/s4 ,9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum is a simil> fragm5t1 b small]1 c>v$ ) comp>tm5ts ( animals1 my?ical bea/s1 mon/]s1 etc42 ^! probably =m$ ! two divisions ( "o s+le flabellum4 ,^! h&les 7 sometimes squ>e-%ap$1 z 9 ! in/ance ( ! fragm5t 9 ! ,salt+ collection at pres5t 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum4 ,?is is also ,fr5*1 ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 & is c>v$ on ea* ( its sides ) figures ( sa9ts 9 ni*es1 ) crocket$ ar*es4 ,a portion ( ! cyl9drical /em ( a flabellum or asp]gillum1 probably ,fr5* ( ! twelf? c5tury1 is 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,?is repres5ts ! occupations ( ! twelve mon?s ( ! ye> 9 ?ree b&s1 z foll[s3 ,janu>y1 a two-head$ ,janus look+ 9 opposite directions2 ,febru>y1 a figure seat$ be=e a fire2 ,m>*1 cutt+ trees ) a hat*et2 ,april1 ga!r+ blossoms2 ,may1 an eque/rian figure ) hawk2 ,june1 a m[] ) sickle & hook$ /ick2 ,july1 a m[] ) scy!2 ,augu/1 a reap] ) sickle2 ,septemb]1 ?ra%+ :eat2 ,octob]1 s[+ corn2 ,novemb]1 kill+ a pig2 ,decemb]1 p\r+ w9e into a cask4 ,! figures are sep>at$ f ea* o!r by trees1 & ! ?ree b&s by r+s ornam5t$ ) foliage & zigzag patt]ns ) semi-rosettes1 & at top & bottom are r+s ) half-defac$ inscriptions4 ,!re is also 9 ! same collection a capital ( morse ivory = ! h&le ( a flabellum1 ,nor? ,g]man1 twelf? c5tury4 ,^! in/rum5ts figure repeat$ly 9 inv5tories ( *ur* & abbey prop]ty4 ,butl] quotes f "o at ,/4 ,riqui]1 ne> ,abbeville1 9 #hca1 #8a silv] fan = *as+ flies f ! sacrifice4' ,at ,ami5s1 9 #abej1 !re exi/$ a fan = a simil> purpose1 #8flabellum factum de s]ico et auro ad repell5das muscas et immunda4' ,9 #acfc ,la ,sa9te ,*apelle possess$ #8duo flabella vulg>it] nuncupata muscalia1 ornata p]lis'2 9 #acgf1 #8ij flabella1 ,gallice esm\*oirs1 ornata de p]lis4' ,9 ! sacri/ rolls ( ,ely1 #8,item1 j flabello empt4 ad ,aurifabrum1 #g;d4 ,item1 9 p>i flabellorum pro le ,colpeyt empt4 #f;d4' ,a ,salisbury inv5tory m5tions two fans ( vellum or o!r mat]ial4#ff ,! ,*apel ( ,/4 ,fai? 9 ! crypt ( old ,/4 ,paul's possess$1 9 #abih1 a muscatorium or fly-:ip ( peacocks' fea!rs4#fg ,!re is record ( a gift to ,york ,m9/]1 betwe5 ! ye>s #acic & #adac1 ( a silv]-gilt h&le = a flabellum4#fh ,9 #acdf1 ,hamo1 ,bi%op ( ,ro*e/]1 pres5t$ to ! ca!dral #8unum flabellum de s]ico cum virga eburnea4'#fi ,9 ! inv5tory ( ! ,*apel ( ,we/ ,exet]1 ,abbey ( ,bury ,/4 ,edmunds1 #8i4 muscifugium de pecock4'#gj ,9 ! enum]ation ( ! valuable effects ( ! deceas$ ,que5 ,isabella1 daught] ( ,philippe le ,bel1 & consort ( ,edw>d ,,ii41 ! foll[+ entry appe>s3 #8,de ,capella1 ,duo flagella pro muscis fug&is4'#ga ,illu/ration3 ,portion ( ,ivory ,h&le ( a ,flabellum1 ,fr5*1 #ab? ,c5t4 ,victoria ,alb]t ,museum4 ,l[] portion ( ! same h&le4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,ivory ,fan ,h&le1 ,italian1 #af? ,c5t4 ,salt+ ,colln4 ,portion ( an ,ivory ,fan ,h&le1 ,italian1 ,,xiv4? ,c5t4 ,victoria ,alb]t ,museum4 ,capital or node ( a ,flabellum4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,portion ( h&le ( a ,flabellum1 #ad? ,c5t4 ,salt+ ,colln4 ,9 ,engl& ! flabellum 0 9 use ev5 9 remote p>i%es4 ,9 ! *ur*w>d5's acc\nts at ,wald]swick1 ,suffolk1 9 #adic1 is an entry ( ,i,vd4 = #8a bessume ( pekoks fe!rs4' ,al?\gh ! flabellum is v r>ely repres5t$ 9 illum9at$ ,,mss41 9 ! ,book ( ,kells we f9d m9iatures ( angels wav+ ^! in/rum5ts2 9 ! ,gospel ( ,trves 7eigh? c5tury7 is a conjo9$ evangeli/ic1 symbolic figure hold+ a small flabellum 9 "o h& & a eu*>i/ic lance 9 ! o!r4 ,9 a ,hib]no-,saxon ,,ms4 ( ! eigh? c5tury a figure ( ,/4 ,mat!w is se5 hold+ 9 8 h& a flabellum4 ,9 ! public libr>y at ,r\5 are two repres5tations ( ! use ( ?is in/rum5t2 9 ! "o1 a ?irte5?-c5tury missal1 =m]ly belong+ to ! abbey ( ,jumiges1 ! fan is held by ! deacon 9 front ( ! alt> at :i* ! prie/ (ficiates2 9 ! o!r1 x is wav$ ov] ! head ( ! prie/ z he elevates ! waf]3 ?is 9 a pontifical ( ! *ur* ( ,rheims1 ?irte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,a ,,greek ,,psalt]4 7,briti% ,museum47 ,a psalt] 9 ,greek1 ,briti% ,museum1 additional ,,mss4 #ai1ceb1 gives a m9iature ( an angel wav+ a l>ge flabellum ov] ! head ( ,david :o is asleep2 ano!r in/ance occurs 9 a ?irte5?-c5tury ,s]vice-,book 9 ! ,b>b]9i ,libr>y1 giv5 by ,paci&i4#gb ,repres5tations 9 pr9t$ books are /ill m r>e4 ,9 ,b>clay's ,%ip ( ,fools ( ! ,_w1 #aeji1 we f9d1 h[ev]1 a woodcut illu/ration ( a spectacl$ bibliophile we>+ cap & bells1 seat$ among 8 books1 hold+ 9 8 h& a flabellum ( fea!rs1 say+3 #8,attam5 9 magno p] me s]vantur honore3 ,pulu]is et c>iem1 plumatis t]go flabellis4'#gc ! ^w flabellis be+ "h appli$ to ! ord9>y h&-bru% or du/]4 ,by ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury ! flabellum _h fall5 into complete disuse1 its orig9al purpose hav+ be5 long ab&on$ or =gott51 al?\gh z late z #afhh ,r&le ,holmes1 ,academy ( ,armory1 ref]s to #8! flap or fann to drive away flies f ! *alice4' ,its sole rem9isc5ce 9 ! we/ is 9 ! l>ge flabella ( peacocks' fea!rs c>ri$ at solemn fe/ivals 9 procession be=e ! ,pope4 ,9 ! ,greek ,*ur*1 ! fan is /ill deliv]$ to ! deacon at ord9ation z ! symbol ( 8 sacr$ (fice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,go>4 ,f ! p]iod ( ! f9al break up ( ! ,roman ,empire to t ( ! ,crusades ! g5]al use ( ! fan 0 discont9u$ 9 ,europe1 & 0 probably only adopt$ by highly plac$ p]sonages2 dur+ ^! e>ly p]iods1 h[ev]1 x 0 /ill ! religi\s fly-flap or flabellum1 d'm\*oir1 & ,blondel inf]s f ! circum/ance1 ( ti5ne ,boileau n ref]r+ to x 9 8 ,livre des ,me/i]s 7#abjj71 t ev5 at ?is "t x no long] s]v$ any dome/ic purpose except 9 v r>e in/ances4 ,! e>lie/ ,engli% ref]5ce to ! fan appe>s to be ! foll[+3-- #8,9 ! ?irtie? ye> ( ,k+ ,edw>d ,i41 precept 0 giv5 to ,ni*olas ,pycot1 ,*amb]la91 ( ! ,guildhall ( ,london t he %\ld cause to be sold all pl$ges = any debt :atsoev] !n 9 8 cu/ody4 #8,9 an inv5tory ( pl$ges sold = arre>s on ! ,k+'s ,tallage1 #ca ,edw>d ,i41 #acjc4 ,"o fan 7value n /at$7 tak5 f ,h5ry ,gyleb]d ( ! w>d ( ,basse%awe = #bs4 #h;d41 :i* he owes ( arre>s ( ! fifte5?4'#gd ,! olde/ exi/+ ,*ri/ian fan1 & ! mo/ fam\s ( ! few fans ( :i* we h any record dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 is t :i* has become id5tifi$ ) ,!odol9da1 ,que5 ( ! ,lomb>ds1 ! sa9tly pr9cess1 :o possess$ a nail ( ! holy cross :i* 0 ultimately us$ z a sett+ to ! ,iron ,cr[n ( ! k+s ( ,lomb>dy4 ,?is fan is pres]v$ z a sacr$ relic 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,monza ne> ,milan4 ,sup]/ition has inve/$ x ) magical p[]s4 ,pilgrimages are made to ,monza by village maid5s1 (t5 f a long di/ance1 on a c]ta9 day ( ! ye>1 z ! act ( t\*+ x is believ$ to facilitate & promote _! m>riage projects4 ,x is ( ! cockade %ape1 =m$ ( vellum1 ( ! beautiful purple hue we f9d 9 contempor>y manuscripts2 x is decorat$ ) an alt]nat+ diap] ( ,romanesque ornam5t 9 gold & silv]1 & r\nd its out] bord] on ei!r side is ! foll[+ inscription 9 ,lat9 hexamet]s1 :i* is giv5 by ,mr4 ,w4 ,burges1 ,ar*ological ,j\rnal1 vol4 xiv41 on ! "o side3 #8,ut sis conspectu praecl>a et c>a v5u/a1 ,hac rogo def5d5s solem requiesce sub umbra1 ,has soror obtutu depictas arte figuras ,praeleg]is flavido ut decor]is ca/a colore4' & on ! rev]se1 n[ mu* oblit]at$3 #8,pul*rior ut facie dulcis vide>is amica 444 f]vores solis 444 ,me ret9]e manu ,ulf$a 787 posc5te mem5to 444 spl5doris 444' ,mr4 ,burges has po9t$ out t ! =m ( ! lett]s ( ! inscription1 :i* are ,roman ) slight ,ru/ic v>iations1 z also ! purple dye1 are suffici5tly simil> to contempor>y manuscripts ( ,/4 ,augu/9e ( ! end ( ! six? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,monza ,,flabellum4 ,details4 ,! case :i* accompanies ! fan is con/ruct$ on ! same pr9ciple z ! h&le ( ! ,t\rnus flabellum1 al?\gh less elongat$4 ,x is ( wood1 cov]$ ) silv]1 ! wood5 "p probably mod]n1 made to ! orig9al %ape1 ) ! old silv] us$ aga94 ,! l5g? ( ! case ) h&le is #ae-a_/b in*es1 ! diamet] ( ! leaf #aj in*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,fan ( ,que5 ,!odol9da1 ,,vi4 c5t4 ,ca!dral ( ,monza4 ,! side flap 0 orig9ally fa/5$ to ! fan1 & drawn r\nd until x =m$ a complete circle1 z 9 ! in/ance ( ! ,t\rnus flabellum4 ,) respect to ! id5tity ( ! orig9al own] ( ?is fan1 al?\gh ! claim :i* has be5 made = its association ) ,que5 ,!odol9da _c be sub/antiat$1 its id5tification ) any well-def9$ p]sonage is equally difficult4 ,:o 0 ,ulf$a8 ,mr4 ,burges /ates ) ref]5ce to ?is "n t x is by no means ! mo/ legible "p ( ! inscription--t he has be5 able to discov] no "o s nam$ :o liv$ dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,m4 de ,l9as po9ts out t ! "n ,ulfda is a v>iant ( ! ,saxon ,elpheid1 :i* ! m>vell\s cloisonn fibula1 exhum$1 z is said1 f a ,c>lov+ian sepul*re at ,wittisl+5 7,bav>ia71 gives "u ! s(t5$ =m ( ,ufeila4 ,?is ,monza fan is n m5tion$ 9 an inv5tory ( ! treasury 9 #abge2 9 t ( #acec ! foll[+1 h[ev]1 occurs3 #8,item1 fabella1 seu orata una arg5ti facta ad modum unius maze cum manica ligni ligata 9 arg5to4' ,m4 de ,l9as inf]s f ! fact ( ! extremity ( ! h&les be+ provid$ ) a r+1 t x 0 n a liturgic fan1 & c]ta9ly ?is circum/ance1 toge!r ) ! smallness ( its size1 w\ld appe> to be a suffici5t evid5ce ( its secul> use2 9 any ev5t1 & :atev] its orig9al use1 ?is fan1 toge!r ) t ( ,t\rnus1 mu/ be acc\nt$ among ! mo/ preci\s relics pres]v$ to u f t dim & d>k1 b extremely fasc9at+ p]iod4 ,! rigid flag-fan1 :i* appe>s to h be5 9 int]mitt5t use 9 ,europe f ! e>ly c5turies ( our era1 consi/s ( an oblong p>allelogram ) a h&le fitt$ to "o ( its long] sides4 ,^! 7 made ei!r ( plait$ /raw ( v>i\s col\rs1 ( l95 pa9t$ & embroid]$1 ( p>*m5t or vellum1 or ( silk1 wov5 or embroid]$1 (t5 ) loz5ge-%ap$ diap]+4 ,! e>lie/ examples rema9+ to u are ,coptic or ,s>ac5ic4 ,m4 ,rob]t ,=r] 9 8 ,reallexikon figures two :i* 7 obta9$ f ! cemet]y ( ,akhmn1 ! ,greek ,panopolis1 presumably belong+ to ! f\r?-six? c5tury4 ,( ^!1 "o is f9ely plait$ ( br[n1 r$1 & black /raw1 ) a repres5tation ( f\r he>ts encircl+ a cross1 ! o!r ( a reticulat$ diap]$ patt]n ) a bord] ( l954 ,a simil> flag-fan ( plait$ /raw appe>s 9 ! ,b]l9 ,museum3 ?is example1 also1 is probably ,coptic4 ,m4 ,*>les de ,l9as1 quot+ f ! life ( ,/4 ,fulg5tius1 six? c5tury1 affirms t ! ,bi%op ( ,ruspa1 :il/ he 0 a monk & ev5 an abbot1 occupi$ 8 leisure h\rs 9 copy+ ,holy ,writ or 9 plait+ #8fly-flaps' ( palm leaves4 ,?is same au?or#ge figures a flag-fan f an engrav$ glass vase1 exhum$ f ! catacombs1 & n[ pres]v$ 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,vatican1 repres5t+ ! ,virg9 ,"m seat$ ) ! infant ,savi\r on h] lap1 a deacon beh9d agitat+ a rectangul> flabellum fix$ 9 a lat]al h&le4 ,! zigzag ornam5tation indicates t ?is1 also1 0 =m$ ( plait$ /raw4 ,illu/ration ,9 ! ,obs]vances ( ! ,augu/9ian ,priory at ,b>nwell1 ,cambridge1 #8,! ,frat]] ought to provide mats & ru%es to /rew ! ,frat] & ! alleys ( ! ,cloi/] at ! ,frat] door1 & frequ5tly to r5ew !m2 9 summ] to ?r[ fl[]s1 m9t1 & f5nel into ! air to make a sweet od\r1 & to provide fans4' #8,muscatoria 9 e/ate provid]e4'#gf ,illu/ration3 ,coptic ,fans1 ,akhmn4 ,e?nological ,museum4 ,b]l94 ,! mo/ rem>kable example1 h[ev]1 ( ?is bann] =m is on a dipti* ( ivory (f]$ by ,*>les ! ,bald to ! abbey ( ,sa9t-,corneille de ,compigne1 & at pres5t 9 ! ,cab9et de ,mdailles at ,p>is4 ,on ! inf]ior comp>tm5t ( ! dipti* is a eunu* 787 hold+ ) bo? h&s a flabellum app>5tly ( metal1 ! h&le long1 ?ick at ! end1 & engrav$ ) l9es repres5t+ masonry2 ! top 9 ! =m ( a turret1 f :i* hangs a cord4 ,! leaf1 9 all probability embroid]$1 has a pla9 broad bord] enclos+ a laurel wrea?4 ,! bann] =m ( fan became fa%ionable ) ! ,v5etian wom5 ( ! fifte5? & sixte5? c5turies4 ,^! 7 ( two k9ds3 ! "o1 ( a m ornate "*1 0 us$ by matrons2 ! o!r1 abanico di novia1 ( a delicate :it5ess1 us$ only by engag$ maid5s or ! newly m>ri$4 ,an example ( ! latt] occurs 9 ! portrait ( ! pa9t]'s daught] ,lav9ia1 by ,titian1 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y1 probably pa9t$ 9 #aeee4 ,titian pa9t$ ?is fav\rite daught] "s eighte5 ye>s lat]2 9 ?is portrait %e c>ries a fea!r-fan1 ! sign ( ,v5etian nobility1 ,titian hav+ be51 9 ! int]val1 creat$ a ,c\nt ,palat9e by ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,,an ,,ivory ,,dipti*4 7,cab9et de ,mdailles1 ,p>is47 ,au!ntic examples ( ^! flag-fans are exce$+ly r>e4 ,a ri*ly embroid]$ ,v5etian fan ( ! sixte5? c5tury is 9 ! collection ( ! ,gr& ,duke ,fr$]ick ( ,bad52 ano!r1 also ,italian1 has a l>ge oval m$allion ) ornam5ts ( silv] & br[n1 & is 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,g4 ,j4 ,ros5b]g ( ,k>lsruhe2 a ?ird1 abanico di novia1 ( :ite vellum enri*$ ) ,v5etian lace ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 is ref]r$ to by ,blondel z be+ 9 ! possession ( ,madame ,a*ille ,jub9al ( ,p>is4 ,^! fans 7 probably introduc$ into ! we/]n c\ntries ( ,europe by ! return+ ,crusad]s4 ,!y nev]1 app>5tly1 obta9$ any great vogue except 9 ,italy2 !y cont9u$1 h[ev]1 9 int]mitt5t use until ! close ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :51 toge!r ) fea!r1 tuft1 & cockade fans1 !y gradually gave place to ! mod]n fold+-fan :i* _h by ?is "t made its appe>ance 9 ,portugal f ! ,f> ,ea/4 ,f ! f\rte5? c5tury onw>ds1 ! hi/ory ( ! fan becomes m cle>1 & ,blondel quotes a numb] ( ,fr5* inv5tories 9 :i* ! fan figures--t ( ! ,comptesse ,mahaut d',artois 7#acaf71 an m\*oir ) silv] h&le2 ( ,que5 ,clm5ce 7#acbh71 an m\*oir ( silk brocade2 & also 9 ! w or te/am5t ( ,que5 ,johanne ( vreux 7#acgb71 a jewell$ m\*oir co/+ five gold5 francs4#gg ,! cockade =m1 la coc>de1 has be5 9 use dur+ all p]iods subsequ5t to its fir/ introduction f ! ,ea/ 9 ! e>ly c5turies ( our era4 ,we h already ref]r$ at "s l5g? to ! cockade flabella at ,t\rnus & ,monza4 ,9 an inv5tory ( ,*>les ,v4 ( ,france1 #achj1 we read ( #8un esm\*\] rond1 qui se ploye1 en yvoire1 aux armes de ,france et de ,nav>re1 un man*e d'yb5us4'#gh ,dur+ ! f\rte5? c5tury1 ! long-h&l$ flabellum 0 also 9 use1 wav$ by att5dants z at ,!bes & ,rome4 ,9 ! inv5tory above quot$ 7,*>les ,v47 occurs--#8,trois bannires1 ou esm\*o]s1 de cuir ouvr1 dont les deux ont les man*es d'arg5t dorez4' #8,deux bannires de ,france1 p\r esm\*] le ,roy qu& il e/ ,table1 semes de fleurs de lys brodes de p]les4'#gi ,! fea!r-fan1 also1 0 9 use dur+ ?is reign1 z we le>n f a curi\s entry 9 a lett] ( ! ,que5--allud+ to a crim9al prosecution aga9/ "s manufactur] ( spuri\s co9--#8,le suppliant tr\va d'av5ture un esv5t\r de plumes1 duquel il esceuta le feu--o l'on faisoit la ditte fausse monnoye4'#hj ,! fea!r & tuft fans 9 use f ! twelf? to ! sixte5? c5turies & lat] 7 =m$ ( ! plumes ( ! peacock1 ! o/ri*1 & ! p>oquet1 dy$ v>i\s col\rs3 ! numb] ( ! fea!rs v>i$ f ?ree to tw5ty or m1 & 7 arrang$ s z to imbricate ! plumes 9 ! gradation ( _! natural gr[?4 ,^! 7 set 9 h&les ( c>v$ ivory & ! m preci\s metals1 g5]ally silv]1 & 7 (t5 ri*ly jewell$1 & susp5d$ f ! girdle by a sl5d] *a94 ,( _! co/ we h a h9t 9 ,m>/on's satires3 #8,h[ c %e keepe a lazie s]v+-man ,& buy a hoode & silv]-h&l$ fan ,) =tie p\nd8' ,silv] 0 probably ! mat]ial ( ! h&le ( ,mi/ress ,bridget's fan 9 ! !ft ( :i* ,fal/aff & 8 ,anci5t 7 implicat$4 ,,fal/aff4 ,& :5 ,mi/ress ,bridget ,lo/ ! h&le ( h] fan1 ,i took't ^u ,m9e hon\r ?\ had/ x n4 ,,pi/ol4 ,did/ ?\ n %>e8 had/ ?\ n fifte5 p5ce8 ,ref]5ces to ! silv]-h&l$ fan occur commonly 9 old plays3 #8,%e ha? a fan ) a %ort silv] h&le1 ,ab\t ! l5g? ( a b>b]'s syr+e4' ,! ,floire1 #afaj4 #8,all y\r plate1 ,vasco1 is ! silv] h&le ( ,y\r old prison]'s fan4' ,love & ,hon\r1 ,sir ,w4 ,dav5ant1 #afdi4 #8,ano!r he ,h] silv] h&l$ fan w\ld gladly be4' ,9 ,m>/on1 ,sc\rge ( ,villa9ie1 lib4 ,,iii4 sat4 #h4 ,! above ref]5ces are to fans ( ! ord9>y sort2 ! co/ ( ! m preci\s fans ( hi/ory 0 consid]able4 ,brantme 7c4 #aeij7 ref]s to ! fan ( ,que5 ,eleanor ) its mirror all ornam5t$ ) preci\s /ones ( great value1 & also to ! new-ye>'s gift ( ,que5 ,m>g>et to ,que5 ,l\ise ( ,lorra9e--a jewell$ fan ( "m ( pe>l ( su* beauty & ri*ness t x 0 valu$ at m ?an fifte5 hundr$ cr[ns1#ha a sum equal to a ?\s& p\nds ( our pres5t money4 ,! employm5t ( ! fan z fire-scre5 is indicat$ by ! new-ye>'s gift to ,que5 ,m>y ( ,engl& 9 #aeef1 :5 %e receiv$ #8sev5 fannes to kepe ! heate ( ! fy]1 ( /rawe1 ! "o ( :ite silke4' ,que5 ,elizabe?'s p>tiality = fans is hi/oric1 & x is ^u record t %e reg>d$ a fan z a suitable gift = a que54 ,leice/]'s new-ye>'s gift 9 #aegd is record$3 #8,a fan ( :ite fea!rs set 9 a h&le ( gold1 g>ni%$ on "o side ) two v fair em]alds1 & fully g>ni%$ ) diamonds & rubies2 ! o!r side g>ni%$ ) rubies & diamonds1 & on ea* side a :ite be> 8 cognisance & two pe>ls hang+1 a lion ramp+ ) a :ite muzzl$ be> at 8 foot4' ,among ! new-ye>'s gifts1 #aehh-i3-- #8,by ! ,c\ntess ( ,ba?1 a fanne ( ,swanne d[ne1 ) a maze ( gil5e ,velvet1 ymbrod]$ ) se$ pe>les & a v small *ayne ( silv] gilte1 & 9 ! midde/ a bord] on bo? sides ( se$ pe>les1 sp>ks ( rubyes & em]ods1 & !reon a mon/] ( gold1 ! head & brea/ "m ( pe>les4 #8,by a ,g5tleman unkn[n1 a fanne ( sundry collor$ fe!rs1 ) a h&le ( aggets g>ni%$ ) silv] gilte4' ,illu/ration3 ,fea!r ,h&-,scre51 ,que5 ,anne4 ,mr ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,messel4 ,9 #aehi1 #8a fanne ( ffe!rs1 :ite & r$d1 ! h&le ( golde1 inamel$ ) a halfe moone ( "m ( p]les1 )9 t a halfe moon g>ni%$ ) sp>ks ( dyamonds1 & a fewe se$e p]les on ?' "o side1 hav+ h] maje/ie's picture )9 x3 & on ! back-side a device ) a cr[e ov] x4' #8,gev5 by ,sir ,frauncis ,drake4' ,9 #aeii3-- #8,by ,mrs4 ,w+feilde1 "m ( ! maydes1 f\r ruffes ( lawne & a fanne4' ,f a lett] ( ,r[l& ,:yte to ,sir ,rob]t ,sydney1 ,decemb] #ac1 #aeie1 we le>n t #8^u ,?ursday %e d9$ at ,kew1 my "l keep]'s 7,sir ,john ,pack]+7 h\se 7:o lately obta9$ ( h] maje/ie 8 sute = #ajj a ye>e l& 9 fee f>m74 ,8 int]ta9m5t = t meale 0 great & exce$+ co/ly4 ,at h] fir/ light+1 %e _h a f9e fanne1 ) a h&le g>ni%$ ) diamonds4' ,x is also record$ t ^u h] visit to ,haw/$ ,hall1 ! seat ( ,sir ,?omas ,cullum1 %e dropp$ a silv]-h&l$ fan into ! moat4#hb ,9 ! ye> #afjj1 a commission 0 issu$ to ! ,"l ,high ,treasur]1 ! ,"l ,*amb]la91 ! ,*ancellor ( ! ,ex*equ]1 & ! ,treasur] ( ,h] ,highness's ,*amb]1 to exam9e & take a p]fect survey ( all #8robes1 g>m5ts1 & jewels1' z well )9 ! ,c\rt z at ! ,t[] & ,:itehall4 ,9 ?is1 no less ?an tw5ty-sev5 fans appe>4 ,! foll[+ are enum]at$3-- ,item1 "o fanne ( :ite fea!rs1 ) a h&le ( golde1 hav+e two snakes wynd+e ab\te x1 g>ni%$ ) a ball ( diamondes 9 ! ende1 & a cr[ne on ea* side )9 a paire ( w+es g>ni%$ ) diamondes1 lack+e #f diamondes4 ,item1 "o fanne ( fea!r ( div]s col\rs1 ! h&le ( golde1 ) a b>e & a ragg$ /affe on bo? sides1 & a look+e glass on ?one side4 ,item1 "o h&le ( golde enamell$1 set ) small rubies & em]odes1 lack+e #i /ones1 ) a %ipp "u saile on ?one side4 ,item1 "o h&le ( *ri/all1 g>ni%$ ) sylv] guilte1 ) a worde )9 ! h&le4 ,item1 "o h&le ( elitropia 7q71 g>ni%$ ) golde1 set ) sp>ks ( diamondes1 rubies1 & sixe small pe>ls1 lack+e "o diamonde4 ,! fea!r-fan appe>s 9 ! foll[+ portraits ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 pa9t$ & engrav$3-- ,jesus ,college3 :ite fea!r-fan ) jewell$ h&le4 ,! ,newcome picture1 n[ 9 ! ,national ,portrait ,gall]y3 "p ( a fea!r-fan1 ! portrait be+ ?ree-qu>t] l5g?4 ,welbeck3 a small fea!r-fan hang+ f girdle4 ,! engrav+ by ,johann ,rutl+]3 a l>ge fea!r-fan1 ! h&le ( elaborate design set ) jewels4 ,also pictures at ,cobham2 ,woburn ,abbey2 ,*>lecote ,p>k2 ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,ox=d2 ,p5%ur/2 ,p[]sc\rt1 & o!r places4 ,! fold+-fan 0 n introduc$ into ?is c\ntry until ! latt] "p ( ! que5's reign2 9 ! foll[+ pictures x appe>s3-- ,jesus ,college1 half l5g?1 #aeij4 ,! ,dit*ley portrait1 :ole l5g?1 #aeib2 fan atta*$ to ! girdle & held 9 "r h&4 ,bodleian ,libr>y1 portrait attribut$ to ,f4 ,zu*>o4 ,to enum]ate ! diff]5t portraits1 pa9t$ & engrav$1 9 :i* ! fea!r-fan appe>s1 w\ld be an impossible task2 suffici5t has be5 said to indicate ! v>i\s =ms ^! articles assum$4 ,ref]5ce may1 h[ev]1 be made to ! fea!r-fan appe>+ 9 ,r5old ,el/racke's engrav+ ( ,anne ( ,d5m>k 7que5 ( ,james ,i472 ?is consi/+ ( ?ree l>ge o/ri* plumes set 9 a jewell$ h&le4 ,to ! same engrav]'s portrait ( ! ,pr9cess ,elizabe?1 daught] ( ,k+ ,james1 a simil> fea!r-fan4 ,also on a monum5tal brass1 illu/rat$ 9 ,lipscomb's ,buck+ham%ire1 vol4 iii4 #bia1 ! wife ( ,john ,p51 ,esquire1 #afda1 appe>s ) an o/ri* fea!r-fan hung f h] girdle4 ,9 a portrait attribut$ to ,seba/ian del ,piombo at ,frankfurt is an extremely ornate fea!r-fan ) a silv] h&le4 ,we also obta9 an excell5t idea ( ! =m ^! fea!r-fans assum$ 9 ,italy 9 ! fifte5? c5tury f ! engrav$ design = a h&-scre5 by ,ago/9o ,c>racci 7illu/rat$ fac+ p4 #bjd74 ,?is consi/s ( an admirably design$ c>t\*e enclos+ a subject ( a satyr & nymphs ba?+2 above is a bu/ ( ,diana enclos$ 9 a second c>t\*e1 at ! top ( :i* is a head & w+s ( a ,cupid2 ! :ole is surm\nt$ by a tuft ( o/ri* fea!rs4 ,on ! same plate are ?ree o!r m$allions1 ,neptune & ,m9]va1 a head ( ,m>s1 & ! ,graces1 ^! latt] ei!r int5d$ z alt]native subjects or = introduction at ! back ( ! fan4 ,! engrav+ is sign$ #8,agu/4 ,c>azza ,inv4 e fe4' ,! fea!r-fan 0 us$ by bo? sexes1 z we le>n f ,bi%op ,hall1 describ+ a fa%ionable gallant3 #8,:5 a plum'd fan may %ade ?y *alk$ face1 ,& lawny /rips ?y nak$ bosom grace4' ,an o/ri*-plume fold$ fan is giv5 9 a m9iature ( ,mademoiselle ,d',haute=t 9 ! cab9et ( ,m4 de la ,msangre4 ,?is consi/s ( t5 /icks ea* ) a s+le fea!r atta*$1 dy$ alt]natively yell[ & blue4 ,fea!r-fans cont9u$ 9 g5]al use until ! "t ( ,v&yck & lat]1 & are 9 evid5ce 9 sev]al portraits by ?is ma/]2 inde$ ! use ( ! tuft- & fea!r-fan has nev] be5 completely ab&on$1 ! article hav+ rema9$ 9 int]mitt5t use ev5 to ! pres5t day4 ,none ( ^! anci5t fea!r-fans exi/ 9 _! complete =m1 f ! p]i%able nature ( ! o/ri* plume1 :i*1 9 ! lapse ( "t1 crumbles to fragm5ts1 & f ?is circum/ance ! rem>kable fea!r h&-scre5 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,messel is ( ! highe/ int]e/4 ,a few h&les1 h[ev]1 are to be f\nd 9 ! v>i\s collections1 bo? public & private4 ,a pretty ivory h&le ( a sixte5?-c5tury ,italian fea!r-fan is 9 ! ,salt+ collection1 at pres5t at ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,?is is delicately c>v$ ) two half-l5g? female figures issu+ f acan?us-leav$ ornam5t1 & hold+ a fe/oon ( drap]y1 a mask ( ,cupid above4 ,ne> ! h&le end are two w+$ t]m9al mon/]s4 ,! head ( an ivory-fan h&le1 also ,italian ( ! same p]iod1 is 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton collection3 ?is has a female t]m9al 7head re/or$7 & two dolph9s =m+ ! top1 two masks on ei!r side1 ) o!r t]m9als & cornucopi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gho/ ,,fan4 ,malay ,ar*ipelago 7,e?nological ,museum1 ,b]l947 ,illu/ration3 ,italian ,fan1 cut vellum m\nt4 f9ely pa9t$ ) m9iatures1 end ( #ag? ,c5t41 /ick ivory1 ( lat] date4 ,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,messel4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,pa9t$ ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,& ,,eighte5? ,,c5turies 7,,italian ,,& ,,spani%7 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,portuguese z a conqu]+ p[] 9 ! f> ,ea/ dates f ! fir/ exp$ition ( ,vasco da ,gama 9 #adig4 ,five ye>s e>li]1 ,*ri/oph] ,columbus _h sail$ we/w>d ov] ! ,atlantic1 be>+ a lett] f 8 royal mi/ress to ! great ,khn ( ,t>t>y1 seek+ ,india & f> ,ca?ay1 & f9d+ in/ead--,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fan ,,( ,,f]r>a1 ,,or #8,,duck',s-,,foot' ,! ?ree exp$itions ( ,vasco da ,gama1 dur+ ! fir/ tw5ty ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 toge!r ) ! op]ations ( ,alfonso d',albuqu]que1 result$ 9 ! complete supremacy ( ,portugal z a trad+ p[] ) ! ,ea/4 ,f ,japan & ! ,spice ,isl&s to ! ,r$ ,sea & ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 !y 7 ! sole ma/]s & disp5s]s ( ! treasures ( ! ,ea/1#hc & dur+ ! :ole ( ! sixte5? c5tury enjoy$ a complete monopoly ( ! ,ori5tal trade4 ,z e>ly z #aejb1 ! ,k+ ( ,portugal obta9$ f ,pope ,alex&] ,,vi4 a bull con/itut+ him #8,"l ( ! ,navigation1 ,conque/s1 & ,trade ( ,e?iopia1 ,arabia1 ,p]sia1 & ,india1' b x 0 n until #aeaf t ! ,portuguese made _! appe>ance 9 ,*9a1 :]e1 #8at ,n+po1 !y succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ a colony1 c>ry+ on a ga9ful trade ) o!r p>ts ( ,*9a1 z well z ) ,japan4'#hd ,x 0 ?us t ! fold+-fan f\nd its way fir/ to ,portugal ?r\gh its trad]s4 ,?is introduction ( ! fold+-fan into ,europe m>ks ! beg9n+ ( a new era ( ! fan's hi/ory1 z1 al?\gh bo? ,*9ese & ,japanese fans possess qualities :i* are absolutely individual & unique1 yet x mu/ be confess$ t ! fan1 9 ! h&s ( ,european arti/s1 its e>ly ,ori5tal influ5ce not)/&+1 ultimately develop$ a "* & /yle q its own1 & reflect+ ! arti/ic conditions ( its epo* & surr\nd+s4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 consid]able gr\nds = suppos+ t "s =m ( ! fold+-fan1 z we n[ "k x1 exi/$ 9 ,europe at a p]iod consid]ably ant]ior to ! ,portuguese exp$ition to ! ,ea/4 ,viollet-le-,duc1 ,dictionnaire ,raisonn du ,mobili] ,franais1 makes a rem>kable /atem5t 9 connection ) "s ?9 metal fragm5ts :i* 7 une>!d dur+ "s excavation at ! ,*teau de ,pi]re4 ,^! fragm5ts1 says ?is di/+ui%$ au?or1 :i* are v *>act]i/ic ( a fan con/ruct$ l ^? ( our own times1 %\ld be ant]ior to ! siege ( #adbb1 z !y 7 f\nd 9 ! c>bonis$ dbris belong+ to t epo*4 ,!y are compos$ ( an alloy$ metal1 cuivre et arg5t4 ,! piece ,b repres5ts "o ( ! outside flats1 & 0 fix$ to a gu>d ( wood or v ?9 metal1 to :i* 0 glu$ ! /uff1 or vellum2 ! piece ,a "o ( ! bran* pieces or br9s4 ,m4 ,viollet-le-,duc inf]s f ! fact ( ! pieces n be+ pi]c$ at ! h&le end1 b f9i%$ ) a cross1 t ! bran*es 7 ti$ ) a silk5 cord1 :i* w\ld also be atta*$ to ! wai/ belt2 he po9ts out ! great antiquity ( ! flabellum 7d\btless mean+ ! cockade =m71 & concludes by say+1 #8,x is difficult to all[ t ! fan1 :i* is m]ely a d]ivation ( x 7qui n'en e/ qu'un driv71 0 n 9 use until ! sixte5? c5tury1 z sev]al writ]s h cont5d$4' ,illu/ration3 ,photo by ,j4 ,l]oy4 ,dc\p ,fan4 ,muse de ,cluny4 ,m4 ,viollet-le-,duc's mean+ z to ! probable con/ruction ( ?is fan is n s cle>ly /at$ z might possibly be desir$4 ,we take x t ^! pieces 7 b ! ornam5ts ( a fold+-fan =m$ ( ivory1 wood1 or o!r mat]ial on ! mod]n pr9ciple--t ! l>ge piece ,b =m$ ! %\ld]1 to be complet$ by ano!r piece =m+ ! gu>d prop]4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 & :e!r ^! pieces really =m$ "p ( a fold+-fan or n1 ?is au?or1 9 ! conclud+ portion ( 8 note1 has express$ a tru? :i* x is n possible to ga9say1 viz4 t ! pr9ciple ( ! fold+-fan already exi/$1 9 ! =m ( ! cockade1 & t x is only necess>y to divide ! cockade 9 two p>ts1 & to protect ! ends ) "s firm sub/ance1 to arrive at ! fold$ fan z we n[ "k x4 ,inde$ ?is 0 done--fans 7 c>ri$ t[>ds ! close ( ! sixte5? c5tury :i* consi/$ ( a segm5t ( a cockade1 ins]t$ 9 a long h&le simil> to t ( ! plum$ fan1 ?us unit+ ! *>act]i/ics ( bo? plum$ & fold$ fan4 ,vecellio1 ,habiti anti*i et mod]ni di tutto il mondo1 #aeij1 figures ^! small fans1 ( :i* two illu/rations are giv54 ,we are ?us pres5t$ ) a decorative developm5t :i* is gradual1 reasonable1 & complete1 a developm5t q conceivably indep5d5t ( any importation f ! ,ea/1 & ( itself bridg+ ov] ! gap t o!rwise w\ld h exi/$ betwe5 two app>5tly oppos+ types4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,illu/ration3 ,b ,illu/ration3 ,,small ,,rigid ,,fans4 7,f ,vecellio47 ,any speculations z to h[ ?is fan ( ,m4 ,viollet-le-,duc came to exi/ w\ld !re=e be idle2 ! type 0 no new "o4 ,we h already ref]r$ to ! pleat$ fan cre/1 se5 on ! heads ( horses 9 ,phnician & ,p]sian monum5ts4#he ,a simil> fan cre/ appe>s on ! horse's head 9 ! ,brtigny seal ( ,edw>d ,,iii41 engrav$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! ,treaty ( ,brtigny1 #acfj1 by :i* ?is mon>* r5\nc$ ! title ( ,k+ ( ,france4 ,?is appe>$ aga9 9 ! seal ) ! alt]$ leg5d 9 :i* he resum$ ! title--! p]iod ( its use1 #acgb-gg4 ,?is same seal ) fan cre/ 0 us$ successively by ,ri*>d ,,ii41 ,h5ry ,,iv4 7fir/ seal71 & ,h5ry ,,vi4 7silv] seal71 ! leg5d only alt]$4 ,a /ill m rem>kable example is ! l>ge display$ fan cre/ 7! e>lie/ au!nticat$ in/ance ( a regul> cre/71#hf 9 ! c5tre ( :i* is a lion passant1 on ! top ( ! flat helmet ( ,cur de ,lion 7second seal1 #aaig-ii71 us$ aft] 8 return f captivity1 & q possibly1 !re=e1 borr[$ f ! ,ea/4 ,! fan-plume or pana*e appe>s also on ! flat-topp$ helmet ( ,alex&] ,,iii41 ,k+ ( ,scots 7second seal72 ! horse also be>+ ! fan-plume4 ,^! fan cre/s are also se5 on ! seal ( ,ri*>d ,fitz-,alan1 ,e>l ( ,arundel2 ( ,humphrey de ,bohun1 ,e>l ( ,h]e=d1 #acja2 & ( ,edw>d ( ,c>n>von1 ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 #acje2 & on ! effigy ( ,sir ,ge(frey de ,luttrel1 c4 #acdj1 %[+ a fan ^u :i* ! entire ,luttrel arms are depict$4 ,a l>ge fan cre/1 hav+ little tufts ( fea!rs at ea* division ( ! fold1 appe>s on ! arms ( ! family ( ,s*al]1 ,basle2 ano!r is to be f\nd on ! common seal ( ! ,city ( ,london 7dat$ #aeci71 *>g$ ) ! cross ( ! city arms4 #8,9 c\rse ( "t ?is fan1 9 ! case ( ,london1 z 9 s _m in/ances1 has ?r\gh ignorance be5 conv]t$ or develop$ into a w+1 b ! 8rays0 ( ! fan 9 ?is in/ance are pres]v$ 9 ! 8rays0 ( ! dragon's w+ 7*>g$ ) a cross7 :i* ! cre/ is n[ suppos$ to be4'#hg ,illu/ration3 ,,fea!r-,,fan4 7,milan47 ,illu/ration3 ,fan ( ,mica1 ,italian1 decorat$ ) pa9t$ arabesques1 ivory /ick1 gu>ds ) mica ins]tions4 ,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,messel4 ,) respect to ! orig9 ( ^! fan cre/s1 we mu/ g back1 says ,mr4 ,fox-,davies1 to ! b$-rock ( ! peacock pop9jay vanity +ra9$ 9 human nature2 ! same impulse :i* n[adays leads to ! decoration ( ! helmets ( ! ,life ,gu>ds ) horse-hair plumes & regim5tal badges1 ! cock$-hats ( field-m>%als & o!r (fic]s ) wavy plumes4444 ,! matt] 0 j a comb9ation ( decoration & vanity4 ,not)/&+ ! =ego+ in/ances1 x is abundantly cle> t ! fold+-fan1 ?\gh x may h be5 9 int]mitt5t use dur+ ^! e>ly p]iods1 obta9$ no great vogue 9 ,europe until ! sixte5? c5tury1 :5 x 0 9 g5]al use 9 ,portugal1 ,spa91 & ,italy1 & t ! preval5ce ( ! fa%ion 0 resultant ^u ! influx ( ,ea/]n manufactures4 ,! fea!r-fan1 ref]r$ to 9 ! la/ *apt]1 al?\gh reg>d$ z ! sign ( nobility1 0 occasionally c>ri$ by ! wives ( ! ri* m]*ants ( ,v5ice4 ,a noble ,v5etian matron c>ries a tuft fan ) a mirror 9 ! c5tre g>ni%$ ) pe>ls2 ! plum$ fan is se5 9 ! h&s ( ! noble demoiselles ( ,milan1 ( m>ri$ ,g5oese ladies1 ( ! noble matrons ( ,si5a1 ! latt] ( :om1 toge!r ) ! ladies ( ,v5ice1 ,p]ugia1 & o!r cities1 also c>ri$ ! flag-fan4 ,! small] fan1 ) long ?9 h&le1 surm\nt$ ) five or sev5 fea!rs set symmetrically1 is c>ri$ by ! ,p>mese1 ,f]r>ese1 & ,flor5t9e ladies1 & by ! noble matrons ( ,g5oa4 ,! ,milanese ladies c>ri$ a fan made app>5tly ( fea!rs1 rigid1 & b\nd r\nd 9 five sections4 ,! m>ri$ ladies ( ,naples & ,bologna c>ri$ rigid scre5s design$ 9 ! =m ( a c>t\*e ( ! /rap-"w s usual 9 sixte5?-c5tury ,r5aissance ornam5t4 ,! lat] h&-scre5s1 se5 9 ! engrav+s ( ,callot & o!rs1 7 obvi\sly a developm5t ( ?is =m4 ,! above in/ances are cit$ f ! engrav$ "w ( ,a4 de ,brun1#hh 9 :i* also appe>s a long-h&l$ fan ( sev5 fea!rs c>ri$ by a ,turki% lady4 ,9 an e>li] "w by ! same engrav]1 ,imp]ii ac ,sac]dotii ornatus1 #aegi1 a bi%op holds 9 8 left h& ! fea!r fan1 9 8 "r a crozi]4 ,9 ! art libr>y1 ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 are sev]al designs = fea!r-fans & h&les1 by an unkn[n arti/1 b c]ta9ly ,italian1 drawn vigor\sly ) a p5 & wa%$ ) bi/re4 ,9 ! same collection is a design 9 p5cil = ! pana*e ( a fold+-fan1 9 ! ,italian mann]1 display+ great k ( ,r5aissance design4 ,at ! comm5cem5t ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & inde$ e>li]1 small scre5s 7 ! fa%ion1 pa9t$ ei!r ) love sc5es1 inscrib$ ) suitable v]ses1 or views ( ,italian t[ns1 ) a %ort description1 & 7 sold = a sum equival5t to an ,engli% groat4 ,! ,engli% travell]1 ,?omas ,coryat1 9 8 ,crudities 7#afjh71 writes3 #8,^! fans bo? m5 & wom5 ( ! c\ntry ,italy d c>ry to cool !mselves )al 9 ! "t ( heat1 by ! (t5 fann+ ( _! faces4 ,mo/ ( !m are v elegant & pretty ?+s1 = :]eas ! fan consi/e? ( a pa9t$ piece ( pap] & a little wood5 h&le1 ! pap]1 :i* is fa/5$ at ! top1 is on bo? sides mo/ curi\sly adorn$ ) excell5t pictures4' ,^!1 probably1 are ! fans ref]r$ to above z se5 9 ,vecellio & ! "w ( o!r engrav]s4 ,_m 7 app>5tly rigid1 & probably =m$ ( ivory or simil> h>d sub/ance2 ! size w\ld be ab\t six in*es4 ,!y 7 by no means conf9$ to ,italy1 b became ! vogue 9 ,spa91 ,france1 & o!r c\ntries4 ,a long fan1 c>ri$ by a noble ,neapolitan lady1 is giv5 by ,hefn]-,alt5ek1 9 8 "w on co/ume4 ,?is is app>5tly rigid1 s9ce no sign ( pleat+ is app>5t 9 ! repres5tation1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 small4 ,! col\r is blue ) decorations ( gold1 ! figure tak5 f a picture 9 an album 9 ! possession ( ?is au?or1 #aeif-afaa4 ,d\btless "o ( ! e>lie/ =ms ( ! fold$ fan 9 ,italy 0 ! s-call$ #8duck's foot1' us$ by ! ladies ( ,f]r>a2 ! leaf1 :i* op5$ to a qu>t] ( a circle1 0 =m$ ( alt]nate /rips ( vellum & mica1 ) delicately pa9t$ ornam5ts4 ,! /ick 0 ( ivory & consi/$ ( eight n>r[ blades4 ,blondel w\ld seem to inf] t ?is type ( fan orig9at$ 9 ,france1 & cites a contempor>y portrait ( #8un p]sonnage du ,bal s\s ,h5ri ,,iii4' ,a fan1 evid5tly ! #8duck's foot1' ) a patt]n agree+ ) ! sy/em ( mica or o!r ins]tion1 appe>s 9 an engrav$ portrait ( ,l\ise de ,lorra9e1 que5 ( ,h5ri ,,iii4 ,?is =m ( fan is1 h[ev]1 probably ,italian 9 its orig92 x is figur$ by ,vecellio1 9 ! h&s ( a lady ( ,f]r>a2 x is also se5 9 ! e>li] engrav$ "w ( de ,brun1 above ref]r$ to4 ,leg5d>y acc\nts ( ! woes ( ! un=tunate ,torquato ,tasso1 :o _h d>$ to #8lift 8 love' to a pr9cess ( ! h\se ( ,e/e1 h af=d$ _m !mes = ! imag9ation ( subsequ5t writ]s f ,byron & ,goe! d[nw>ds4 ,! /ory ( ! fan ( ,eleonora d',e/e1 :i* 0 ( ! =m above describ$1 surm\nt$ ) rubies1 is a pretty "o1 & may be giv5 = :at x is wor?4 ,on a day :5 read+ to ! pr9cess 8 ,g]usalemme1 9 :i* ! episode ( ,ol9do & ,s(ronia 9 ! second canto 0 int5d$ z portray+ ,tasso's own situation ) reg>d to h]1 8 enraptur$ li/5]1 won by ! *>m ( ! mom5t1 0 on ! po9t ( yield+1 :51 by a supreme ef=t1 %e recall$ h]self to h] s5se ( duty1 hesitat$ = a mom5t1 grasp$ h] fan1 kiss$ x1 flung x at ! poet's feet--& fl$4 ,?is association ( vellum & mica appe>s to h be5 pretty g5]al = ! leaves ( ! fold+-fans ^u _! fir/ introduction 9 ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,!re 7 two diff]5t sy/ems3 9 ! "o1 ! decoration consi/$ ( pa9t+ on ! pla9 surface ( ! mica or vellum1 or bo?1 z 9 ! fan ( ,f]r>a1 or ! ,acton fan1 describ$ on page #adf2 & 9 ! o!r1 ! leaf is cut to su* a degree ( elaboration z almo/ to rival ! f9e/ lace1 z 9 ! *>m+ fan 9 ! ,muse de ,cluny1 illu/rat$4 ,! sy/em ( mica ins]tion 0 develop$ until fans 7 made entirely ( ?is mat]ial1 ) pa9t$ arabesque decoration simil> 9 "* to t ( ! ,acton fan at ,cluny1 illu/rat$ page #adf4 ,an extremely int]e/+ example is illu/rat$ f ! collection ( ,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,messel4 ,9 ?is1 ! /ick is ( pla9 ivory1 p]=at$ on ! pana*es1 ! blades numb]+ ?irte54 ,! leaf is divid$ into ?ree r[s ( tw5ty-five panels ea*1 decorat$ ) a m$ley ( arabesques ( *ildr51 animals1 birds1 & fl[]s1 ! panels sep>at$ by n>r[ bord]s 9 blue & black4 ,( dc\p fans1 no f9] example c\ld be giv5 ?an t f ! ,muse de ,cluny1 ! /ick ( :i* is compos$ ( t5 blades ( bone1 ! two out] ones ext5d+ ! :ole l5g? ( ! leaf1 ! re/ to a little less ?an half-way across4 ,! leaf1 :i* occupies exactly ?ree-f\r?s ( ! :ole l5g?1 is ( pap] cut to an extremely ref9$ geometrical patt]n ( circles & loz5ges1 ) small1 & ev5 m9ute pieces ( mica ins]t$ at int]vals1 imp>t+ a ri*ness & v>iety to ! fan )\t de/roy+ its lightness & elegance4 ,?is type ( fan appe>s con/antly 9 ! portraits1 bo? pa9t$ & engrav$1 ( ! latt] half ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,x rea*$ ,engl&1 app>5tly1 ab\t #aeij1 or a little e>li]1 & is se5 9 ! portraits ( ,que5 ,elizabe? pa9t$ ab\t ?is date4 ,?is art ( elaborate p]=ation 7dc\p7 is ess5tially ,italian 9 its orig91 & 0 evid5tly practis$ to a consid]able ext5t dur+ ! p]iod we h be5 consid]+4 ,9 ! fan :i* has become associat$ ) ,mademoiselle ,desro*es1 ! utmo/ degree ( elaboration is atta9$1 & ?is example may be accept$ z a type ( a numb] ( fans produc$ dur+ ! sev5te5? c5tury & lat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,v5us ,adonis by ,leon>do ,g]mo41 /ick tortoise%ell1 gilt4 ,italian1 e>ly #ah? ,c5t4 ,wyatt ,colln ,v4 ,a4 ,museum4 ,x 0 at a ga!r+ ( wits at ,poiti]s 9 #aegi t ti5ne ,pasqui]1 p]ceiv+ a flea on ! neck ( ,mlle4 ,desro*es1 exclaim$ t #8la petite be/iole' des]v$ to be immortalis$4 ,a collection ( poems 9 ,greek1 ,lat91 ,fr5*1 ,spani%1 & ,italian1 0 publi%$ 9 ,p>is 9 #aehb1 "u ! title ( ,la ,pulce de ,mademoiselle ,desro*es1 ! mo/ felicit\s ( ^! plaisant]ies be+1 accord+ to ,la ,monnaye1 f ! p5 ( ! lady h]self4 ,! fan leaf1 said to commemorate ?is ev5t1 once 9 ! possession ( ! fair ,pompad\r1 & n[ 9 ! ,jub9al collection at ,p>is1 is ( pap]1 elaborately cut to imitate lace4 ,?is leaf--! /ick has long s9ce p]i%$--0 exhibit$ at ! great exhibition ( fans at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahgj4 ,x be>s five f9ely pa9t$ m9iatures repres5t+ ! s5ses2 9 ! c5tre picture 7t\*7 a "y man places 8 f+] on ! bosom ( a sleep+ lady1 ! spot on ! neck presumably repres5t+ #8la petite be/iole4'#hi ,! *>m+ fan 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,messel 0 obta9$ 9 ,flor5ce4 ,! vellum leaf is f9ely p]=at$ ?r\gh\t2 ! l>ge c5tre c>t\*e & s]ies ( small oblong panels are pa9t$ ) exquisite m9ut5ess & c>e4 ,! "* ( ! decoration is t ( ! lat] ye>s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! /ick ( a subsequ5t date4 ,! great _s ( ! ,r5aissance _h well-nigh exhau/$ itself by ! "t ! fold$ fan _h become ! vogue 9 ,europe4 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ! la/ ( ! ,titans1 di$ 9 #aefd1 & _h liv$ long en\gh to witness ! gradual ext9ction ( ! s*ool he 9 great "p creat$4 ,pi]9o del ,vaga & ,seba/ian del ,piombo _h di$ sev5te5 ye>s e>li]4 ,! eclectic pr9ciple1 develop$ to its highe/ atta9able po9t by ,raphael1 ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,leon>do1 0 c>ri$ on by a cr[d ( m5 work+ on simil> l9es1 b possess+ f> less k & p[]1 & :at 0 vital tru? 9 ! "w ( ! ma/] 0 r$uc$ to m]e affectation 9 ! h&s ( ! foll[]4 ,dur+ ! clos+ ye>s ( ! c5tury1 ,italian art1 x is true1 receiv$ "s sort ( impetus z a result ( ! lab\rs ( ! ,c>racci1 b ! revival 0 %ort-liv$1 & x rema9$ to ,guido1 ,gu]c9o1 ,albani1 ,m>atta1 to cont9ue ! decl5sion dur+ ! sev5te5?1 to be foll[$ by ,tiepolo & ,canaletto 9 ! eighte5? c5turies4 ,x w\ld s]ve no good purpose to qu>rel ) ! pa9t$ fold+-fan on acc\nt ( its inability to rise to ! high ideals ( ! quattro & c9que-c5to4 ,x belong$ to a less spaci\s age1 & if x desc5d$ to banality1 x 0 because ! times _h become banal3 x 0 entirely 9 tune ) its surr\nd+s4 ,x w be conv5i5t1 at ?is juncture1 to describe 9 detail ! v>i\s elem5ts compos+ ?is fan-type :i* has easily di/anc$ all o!rs 9 ! affections ( ! fair--a triumph s absolute & complete1 t to n9ety-n9e wom5 out ( e hundr$ ! idea ( a fan is an in/rum5t :i* may be fold$4 ,! fold+-fan1 !n1 is made up ( two pr9cipal p>ts--! /ick 7la monture7 ,b ,b & ! leaf or m\nt 7la feuille7 ,a4 ,! =m] consi/s ( a numb] ( blades 7br9s7 ,c ,c ,c ,c1 :i* h v>i$ at diff]5t p]iods1 & are fold$ betwe5 two gu>ds 7pana*es7 ,d4 ,! gu>d is made up ( ?ree dim5sions3 ! h&le-end 7la tte7 ,i1 ?r\gh :i* passes ! p9 7rivure7 ,e--?is is (t5 jewell$2 ! %\ld] 7gorge7 ,,ii1 rea*+ to ! l[] edge ( ! m\nt2 & ! gu>d prop] ,,iii4 ,illu/ration3 ,an ,emb>cation1 /ick ivory4 silv] piqu4 ,italian or ,fr5*4 end ( #ag?4 ,c5t4 ,mrs ,hamilton ,smy!4 ,illu/ration3 ,cupid's ,hive4 ,*ild's ,fan1 or ,pocket ,fan4 ,italian1 e>ly #ah?4 ,c5t41 #ab-a_/b x #f-g_/h4 ,! ,d[ag] ,m>*ioness ( ,bri/ol4 ,! /ick ( ! ri*] pa9t$ fans is compos$ ( ei!r ivory1 "m ( pe>l1 tortoise-%ell1 or bone3 (t5 c>v$ ) great m9ut5ess1 elaboration1 & skill1 & fur!r enri*$ by gild+ & inlay1 pa9t$ m9iatures1 enamels1 & preci\s /ones2 t ( ! less elaborate fan is ( wood ( v>i\s k9ds--ebony1 rosewood1 bamboo1 etc4 ,x is also c>v$1 gilt1 inlaid1 or lacqu]$ 9 diff]5t ways4 ,! "* ( ,italian /icks is t ( simplicity & retic5ce1 ev5 to pla9ness1 ?is be+ m 9 keep+ ) ! g5]ally grave "* ( ! m\nts4 ,9 a numb] ( in/ances ! br9s pres5t a p]fectly flat1 pla9 surface ( ivory1 reliev$ only by a little c>v+ on ! pana*es4 ,?is is ornam5t$ 9 v>i\s ways1 ! mo/ *>act]i/ic me?od be+ t ( gold & silv] piqu4 ,! "w is done by means ( a drill1 ! metal press$ into ! spaces4 ,"o ( ^! ,italian fans ( ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ) pla9 :ite /ick1 is 9 ! ,wyatt collection1 ! sk9 m\nt pa9t$ ) ! ,/orm+ ( ,j]usalem1 & ! miracul\s cur+ ( ,godfrey de ,b\illon's w\nd1 ! gu>ds piqu ) silv]4 ,! beautiful ,italian fan1 ) sea-nymphs ^u a s&y %ore1 once belong+ to ! un=tunate ,m>ie-,anto9ette1 & n[ 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,burdett-,c\tts1 is an example ( ! be/ quality ( piqu "w4 ,! /ick is ( horn ( a light transp>5t gold5 hue4 ,! pana*es be> ! cr[n & fleur-de-lys ( ,france1 & appe> to be ( some:at lat] date ?an ! br9s & feuille1 :i* may be put ab\t #agfj4 ,! fan 0 acquir$ 9 ,p>is dur+ ! tr\bl\s times ( ! ,revolution by ! fa!r ( ! late ,rev4 ,j4 ,e4 ,edw>ds ( ,tr5?am1 & exhibit$ by ! la/ nam$ at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahgj4 ,^u ! dea? ( ,mr4 ,edw>ds 9 #ahhe x 0 pur*as$ by ! late ,b>oness ,burdett-,c\tts4 ,ano!r me?od ( ornam5tation is t ( delicate pi]c+1 ! surface ( ! /ick rema9+ flat & )\t c>v+4 ,^! pi]c$ ivory /icks are occasionally alt]nat$ ) ^? ( ano!r mat]ial1 z light gold5 tortoise-%ell1 horn1 &1 9 an in/ance 9 ! ,wyatt collection1 ) a m\nt ( classical l&scape & ,pompeian ornam5t1 pi]c$ c$>4 ,! ,italians1 z also ! ,greeks1 discov]$ e>ly ! res\rces (f]$ to ! arti/ by ! mat]ial ( ivory4 ,ario/o 9 8 six? elegy makes a *>m+ ref]5ce to x 9 address+ 8 mi/ress3 #8,z :5 ivory or m>ble wr\ght by ! h& ( ! arti/ becomes un*angeable1 s my he>t1 m inflexible ?an ^!1 ?\gh x may fe> ! h& ( ! assass91 is incapable ( receiv+ ! image ( any new love to remove ?9e :i* is engrav5 ^u x4' ,! ri*e/ /icks are ei!r ^? 9 :i* ! pi]c+ is associat$ ) c>v$ panels or c>t\*es ( figures1 ornam5t1 etc41 ) ! ribb$ backgr\nds famili> to u 9 ,*9ese workman%ip1 or ^? ( :i* ! :ole surface is treat$ 9 ! mo/ delicate relief1 exhibit+ ! mo/ consummate skill ( h&l+4 ,?is is occasionally fur!r enri*$ by gild+1 silv]+1 & pa9t+2 9 "s in/ances1 ^! sev]al processes are associat$1 ) ! addition ( "m-(-pe>l & tortoise-%ell inlay4 ,"m-(-pe>l is treat$ 9 precisely ! same way z ivory1 i4e4 flat-pi]c$2 pi]c$ & c>v$2 pi]c$1 c>v$1 & engrav$2 )1 9 "s in/ances1 ! addition ( pa9t+1 & occasionally t9sel & silv]+ or gild+4 ,! v>i\s k9ds ( "m-(-pe>l us$ 9 ! manufacture ( fans are z foll[s3--,! ,burgan or ,burg&9e pe>l obta9$ f ,japan2 ! :ite pe>l1 #8p\lette1' f ,madagasc>2 a black "m-(-pe>l f ! ,ea/4 ,! %ells be+ relatively small1 x becomes necess>y to piece !m toge!r by a sy/em ( splic+4 ,?is is done s skilfully t none b a practis$ eye is able to detect x4 ,= ! process ( inlay & incru/ation1 ! spl5did ,ea/]n pe>l call$ #8gold fi%' is us$4 ,?is1 ^u its introduction1 caus$ a complete revolution 9 ! #8v5tail de luxe'2 ! magnific5t ra9b[ t9ts ( ?is pe>l are said to be fur!r enhanc$ by a process inv5t$ by ,m4 ,mey]4 ,illu/ration3 ,bac*us ,ariadne1 aft] ,guido1 c4#ahcj4 #bj-a_/b x #aa-a_/b ,lady ,nor?cliffe4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,triumph ( ,bac*us1 aft] ,annibale ,c>racci1 #ai-c_/d x #aa4 ,lady ,nor?cliffe4 ,tortoise-%ell foll[s ! same pr9ciple ( decorative developm5t1 & :5 piqu is employ$1 x is usually gold1 z be+ m 9 h>mony ) ! col\r ( ! %ell4 ,! #8v5tail bris' dates f ! p]iod ( ! fir/ introduction ( ! fold$ fan into ,europe4 ,?is is s nam$ because x has no m\nt1 b is entirely made up ( a numb] ( blades1 :i* may be ( any mat]ial--ivory1 "m-(-pe>l1 ! v>i\s woods1 etc41 & are pa9t$1 c>v$1 or o!rwise decorat$1 fa/5$ at ! head by means ( a p9 or rivet1 & fur!r connect$ ) a ribbon runn+ ?r\gh ea* blade1 at or ne> ! circumf]5ce ( ! fan4 ,! e>lie/ are ^? :i* 7 import$ 9 su* l>ge quantities f ! ,ea/1 f ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury onw>ds4 ,! ,we/]n modification ( ^! is se5 9 t class ( fans produc$ 9 ,italy & else:]e dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! sev5te5? & e>ly eighte5? c5turies1 :i* consi/$ ( a sy/em ( flat1 pi]c$ scroll-"w1 ( a some:at sev]e & retic5t "*4 ,?is 0 supplem5t$ by panels en c>t\*e pa9t$ & gilt1 ) portions ( ! ornam5t enri*$ ) gold & col\r2 ^! usually op5$ out to r less ?an a ?ird ( a circle4 ,miss ,moss ( ,fleet possesses an int]e/+ example ) a pa9t$ #8pa/orale' ( ?ree figures 9 ! c5tre ( ! fan1 toge!r ) less] subjects en c>t\*e1 ! floral portion ( ! scroll ornam5t be+ emphasis$ ) col\r4 ,9 ! ,wyatt collection is an int]e/+ example ( ab\t #agcj1 9 :i* ! ornam5t =ms a l>ge c>t\*e 9 ! c5tre1 enclos+ a subject ( two ,cupids hold+ a wrea? ov] a he>t ) a canopy above4 ,! c>t\*e is gilt & ! figures pa9t$2 ! l[] portion ( ! fan is pa9t$ & gilt ) fl[]s 9 ! ,*9ese ta/e4 ,! gu>ds are c>v$1 pa9t$1 & gilt2 ! connect+ ribbon ( gre5 silk ornam5t$ ) a patt]n 9 gold4 ,?is sy/em 0 practis$ lat]1 ) ! addition ( c>v+ 9 l[ relief1 ! ornam5t hav+ develop$ a rococo "*4 ,horn is treat$ 9 ! same process ( flat pi]c+3 ?is 0 ext5sively practis$ dur+ ! :ole ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & _m #8m9uet' fans 7 made4 ,a beautiful ,italian example ( ^! #8m9uet' fans is 9 ! ,wyatt collection1 decorat$ ) silv] spangles1 ) a :ite silk connect+ ribbon4 ,d\ble or rev]sible fans op5 bo? ways--ei!r f left to "r or ! rev]se4 ,^! 7 9 vogue dur+ ! latt] ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & 7 made ( v>i\s mat]ials1 b usually ivory1 ) pa9t$ ornam5ts4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ 71 h[ev]1 ^? ( s&alwood1 ) ?ree pr9t$ m$allions on ei!r side ( ! fan1 giv+ twelve subjects4 ,! device1 al?\gh surpris+ at fir/ sight1 is really simple1 & consi/s ( pr9t+ ea* blade ) portions ( two diff]5t subjects 9 ! c5tre1 "o set ( halves be+ expos$1 ! o!r cov]$ by ! blade next foll[+4 ,^! fans 7 common to mo/ ( ! ,we/]n c\ntries ( ,europe1 a l>ge numb] be+ made 9 ,engl& ) subjects aft] ,angelica ,kauffmann & o!rs4 ,! mat]ials employ$ = ! m\nt are *ick5 sk9 7s call$1 b really kid subject$ to a p>ticul> treatm5t71 asses' sk91 vellum1 p>*m5t1 silk ( v>i\s k9ds1 sat91 lace1 & pap]4 ,! leaf or m\nt is sometimes s+le1 b m (t5 d\ble4 ,^? ( ! ri*] fans are pa9t$ ei!r 9 transp>5t col\r or 9 g\a*e 7body col\r72 ! latt]1 h[ev]1 mu/ n be appli$ too ?ickly on acc\nt ( its liability to crack4 ,illu/ration3 ,m>riage ( ,cupid ,psy*e1 c4 #agfj4 /ick mod]n4 ,mr ,frank ,falkn]4 ,:5 ! leaf is ready = m\nt+1 i4e4 aft] ! pa9t+ is f9i%$1 x is pleat$ 9 a m\ld consi/+ ( two pieces ( ?ick1 /rong pap] or c>dbo>d1 specially prep>$ ) a coat+ ( an oily nature2 ! leaf be+ plac$ betwe51 & ! m\ld clos$ & press$4 ,! br9s are !n introduc$ betwe5 ! folds1 & fix$ by means ( glue4 ,?is m\ld 0 inv5t$ ab\t #agfj1 & ! manufacture ( x has rema9$ s9ce t date 9 ! ,fr5* family ( ,petit4#ij #8,?is op]ation ( pleat+1' says ,m4 ,duvell]oy 7,rapports du ,jury ,int]national1 ,exposition ,univ]selle1 #ahfg1 vol4 iv471 #8v simple at pres5t1 0 =m]ly v complicat$2 x 0 necess>y = ! v5tailli/es to ex]cise ! mo/ scrupul\s exactitude2 n[ ! m\ld disp5ses ) ?is c>e4' ,no?+ t woman uses 9 ! great art ( pleas+ c1 h[ev]1 be consid]$ simple2 d y d\bt ?is fact8 asks ,*>les ,blanc1 speak+ ( ! mod]n collective m]cantile sy/em1 r ?an t ( ! arti/1 :o beg9s 8 "w & c>ries x to completion ) 8 own h&s4 #8,no less ?an fifte5 or tw5ty p]sons are employ$ 9 ! mak+ ( a fan1 :i* passes ?r\gh ?ree s]ies ( op]ations--#a/1 ! "w ( ! /ick1 9 :i* are employ$ ! cutt]1 ! c>v]1 ! poli%]1 ! gild]1 ! inlay]1 ! rivet]1 & sometimes ! jewel sett]1 :o ins]ts ! preci\s /ones2 #bnd1 ! leaf1 :i* requires ! design]1 pa9t]1 or pr9t] z ! case may be2 #crd1 ! "w altoge!r1 employ+ ! glu]1 & 9 ! case ( spangl$ or embroid]$ fans1 ! embroid]] or semp/ress1 & ! fold] or pleat]4' ,f9ally1 z 9 fitt+1 ! la/ f9i%+ t\*es--! tassels1 tufts1 & m>ab\ts are add$ by ! deft h& ( a woman1 & to quote aga9 ,*>les ,blanc1 #8:5 ?is =midable weapon ( coquetry is complet$1 x is enclos$ 9 a case1 l a well-temp]$ blade 9 its %ea?4'#ia ,! mo/ di/9ctive ,italian m\nts are ^? 9 :i* ! :ole field is occupi$ by subjects1 usually f classic my?ology4 ,^! are ei!r direct replicas or re>rangem5ts ( ! works ( ! lat] ,italian ma/]s--,giulio ,romano1 ! ,c>racci1 ,guido1 ,gu]c9o1 z well z ^? ,fr5* arti/s :o ei!r work$ 9 ,italy1 or ^: works f\nd _! way to t c\ntry1 z ,p\ss91 :o sp5t ! great] "p ( 8 life 9 ,rome1 ,le ,brun1 & o!rs4 ,9 ^! ! *ief int]e/ c5tres 9 ! m\nt1 :i* is usually deep1 & g5]ally ( sk91 b occasionally ( pap]4 ,! pa9t+ is 9 pure wat]-col\r & also 9 g\a*e4 ,9 _m in/ances ^! leaves h nev] be5 m\nt$2 9 o!rs1 ! m\nt has be5 remov$ f ! /ick1 & fram$ z a picture4 ,none c ) any measure ( c]ta9ty be trac$ to a ma/]-h&1 al?\gh a fan appe>$ at ! exhibition held 9 ,drap]s' ,hall 7#ahgh71 :i* is decl>$ to be by ,pietro da ,cortona 7,b]rett9i71 #aeif-affg1 & said to h belong$ to ! ,m>quise de ,pompad\r4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ ( ^! fan-m\nts is 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,ros5b]g ( ,k>lsruhe2 ! subject ,orpheus & ,iphig5ia1 ! date ab\t #afgj4 ,9 ! ,jub9al collection is a ,rape ( ! ,sab9es1 an orig9al design by ,f4 ,romanelli1 :o 0 employ$ by ,l\is ,,xiv4 on ! frescoes 9 ! ,biblio?que ,maz>9e4 ,bac*us & ,ariadne 0 a fav\rite subject--,guido's well-kn[n composition 9 ! ,accademia di ,luca1 at ,rome1 be+ (t5 press$ into ! s]vice4 ,! l>ge engrav+ ( ,jacobus ,freij 0 issu$ 9 #agbg1 & x is probable t ! majority ( m\nts decorat$ ) ?is subject 7 produc$ aft] ! publication ( ! engrav+4 ,! v]sion illu/rat$ is f ! collection ( ,lady ,nor?cliffe2 a sk9 m\nt1 ) slight diff]5ces 9 ! arrangem5t1 0 exhibit$ at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahgj by ,capta9 ,j4 ,e4 ,ottley2 a ?ird is 9 ! cab9et ( an ,am]ican collector4 ,illu/ration3 ,bac*us ,ariadne1 ,italian1 f a fresco at ,pompeii1 #ah? ,c5t41 b\ght 9 ,naples by ,lady ,duncannnon4 ,mrs4 ,bruce ,john/on4 ,illu/ration3 ,fan m\nt1 ,italian1 f a fresco at ,pompeii1 g\a*e on sk9 b\ght 9 ,naples by ,lady ,ponsonby4 ,mrs ,bruce ,john/on4 ,! fam\s composition by ,annibale ,c>racci 9 ! ,f>nese ,palace also appe>s on a numb] ( m\nts2 a portion ( ?is picture =ms ! subject ( ! c5tre m$allion ( ,lady ,nor?cliffe's fan 7illu/rat$74 ,! /ill m popul> #8,aurora' ( ,guido suppli$ ! subject ( _m m\nts1 includ+ "o 9 ! ,s*reib] collection1 ,briti% ,museum4 ,fans pa9t$ ) ,raphael's well-kn[n composition ( ! #8,m>riage ( ,cupid & ,psy*e1' 9 ! ,villa ,f>nes9a at ,rome1 appe> 9 _m collections1 ! l&scape be+ add$2 ! example illu/rat$ is a typical "o2 ! /ick1 h[ev]1 is mod]n4 ,! fan 9 ! ,wyatt collection ) ! subject ( ,v5us & ,adonis1 by ,leon>do ,g]mo ( ,rome1 is int]e/+ f ! fact t x is an example ( an arti/1 :o1 app>5tly1 sign$ a numb] ( fans1 & also f ! circum/ance t x =m]ly belong$ to ,b5jam9 ,we/4 ,! m\nt is kid1 ! /ick tortoise-%ell1 engrav$1 silv]$1 & gilt4 ,a fan ) ! subject ( ! ,triumph ( ,mordecai1 sign$ #8,g]mo1' 0 exhibit$ at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahgj by ,m4 ,*>d9 ( ,p>is4 ,ano!r example 9 ! possession ( ,lady ,nor?cliffe has an allegorical subject by ,g]mo1 on sk91 ! /ick ( ivory f9ely c>v$1 ! gu>ds "m-(-pe>l4 ,some:at ak9 to ! m\nts above describ$ are ^? elaborate compositions f9ely drawn 9 ,india ink1 ) p5 or bru%1 on sk9 m\nts1 usually vellum4 ,^!1 f ! abs5ce ( col\r1 7 us$ z m\rn+ fans1 ! /icks inv>iably ( ivory1 piqu1 or c>v$2 !y are includ$ 9 mo/ collections t make any pret5sion to complet5ess4 ,lady ,bri/ol possesses "o ) ! subject ( ,bac*us & ,ariadne aft] ,c>racci2 b by f> ! mo/ spl5did example ( ?is class ( fan appe>$ 9 ! ,walk] sale 9 #ahhb4 ,?is is a cr[d$ composition ( ! ,triumph ( ,alex&] 7aft] ,le ,brun71 9 :i* ! conqu]or is seat$ 9 a *>iot drawn by elephants2 on ! rev]se ! dea? ( ,acton4 ,! /ick & gu>ds "m-(-pe>l1 c>v$ ) ,cupids & ornam5ts1 pa9t$ 9 panels ) episodes 9 ! life ( ,alex&]4 ,f9ely v>iegat$ gild+4 ,^! fans are *>act]i/ically ,italian1 c]ta9ly ,italian 9 _! orig94 ,_! production1 h[ev]1 0 by no means conf9$ to ,italy4 ,m4 ,duvell]oy has a ,dut* example ) ivory /ick c>v$ j\r1 ! m\nt vellum1 ! subject on ! obv]se repres5t+ an emb>kation ) num]\s figures1 on ! rev]se a dance ( peasants ) musicians4 7,illu/ration fac+ p4 #aib47 ,neapolitan fans divide !mselves into two di/9ct classes or gr\ps--! fir/ hav+ a figure subject en c>t\*e 9 ! c5tre1 usually tak5 f classic my?ology1 ! field be+ occupi$ by t =m ( arabesque 7grottes*i71 s usual 9 ,pompeian wall decoration4 ,?is class ( m\nt dates f ! re-discov]y & une>?+ ( ,pompeii 9 #agdh1 & its production 0 cont9u$ until ! end ( ! c5tury & lat]4 ,two excell5t examples are giv5 f ! collection ( ,mrs4 ,bruce ,john/on1 =m]ly 9 ! possession ( ,"l ,bessbor\gh4 ,! "o ) ! subject ( ,bac*us & ,ariadne1 f a fresco at ,pompeii1 b\ght 9 ,naples by ,lady ,duncannon2 ! o!r ( a sacrificial subject1 also f a ,pompeian fresco1 obta9$ 9 ! same city 79 ! eighte5? c5tury7 by ,lady ,ponsonby4 ,_m ( ^! m\nts h1 9 lieu ( a s+le c5tral subject1 sev]al m9iatures en c>t\*e1 associat$ ) arabesques simil> 9 "* to ^? above ref]r$ to4 ,a good example appe>s 9 ! ,wyatt collection at ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,9 ! second type ( ,neapolitan m\nts1 ! field is simil>ly divid$ into panels1 usually "o sup]ior & two inf]ior1 repres5t+ views1 g5]ally ! bay ( ,naples ) ,vesuvius 9 ! di/ance1 =m+ ! c5tre panel1 & ,vesuvius 9 eruption1 & a classic ru9 on ei!r side4 ,^!1 ) o!r ,italian views1 z ! ,colosseum 9 ,rome1 =m a v l>ge class2 ! panels be+ associat$ ) arabesque or o!r ornam5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,piazza ( ,/ ,m>k1 aft] ,canaletto1 sk9 m\nt1 ivory /ick f9ely c>v$ ) *>act]s ( ! !atre c4 pa9t$ gilt4 ,mr ,w4 ,burdett-,c\tts4 ,m4,p4 ,ano!r1 important class ( ,italian m\nts gives a view ( "s fam\s build+ or place1 occupy+ ! :ole field ( ! fan4 ,( ?is1 no f9] example c\ld be giv5 ?an ! magnific5t fan 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,burdett-,c\tts1 ,m4,p41 ( ! ,piazza ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 ,v5ice1 aft] ,canaletto 7,antonio ,canal1 b4 #afhg1 d4 #agfh74 ,! m\nt is sk92 on ! "r is a gr\p ( p]=m+ acrobats surr\nd$ by spectators2 on ! left "s /roll+ play]s1 ) p]egr9ic !atre2 on ! rev]se a view ( ,v5ice f ! sea4 ,! /ick ivory1 c>v$ j\r1 ) *>act]s ( ! pantomime1 "s be+ gilt & pa9t$ 9 #8v]nis ,m>t91' o!rs 9 ! pure ivory2 ! gu>ds c>v$ ) m>ks & musical trophies4 ,^! acrobats1 "o ( ! popul> ,v5etian amusem5ts ( ! p]iod1 appe> 9 #8,a ,fte on ! ,piazzetta1' s*ool ( ,canaletto1 9 ! ,wallace collection4 ,?is fan1 toge!r ) "o ( a simil> class1 ) a view ( ,/4 ,pet]'s at ,rome1 0 acquir$ by ! late ,b>oness at ! ,walk] sale 9 #ahhb4 ,fans 7 made = *ildr5 9 ,italy & mo/ o!r c\ntries dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,^! 7 bo? pa9t$ & pr9t$1 ! latt] v>iety (t5 hav+ ! num]als #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #j1 on ! leaf1 d\btless z s]v+ an educational purpose4 ,a collection ( ^! *ildr5's fans 0 exhibit$ by ,miss ,m>ie ,josephs at ,drap]s' ,hall 9 #ahij4 ,! beautiful ,italian fan1 #8,cupid's ,hive1' contribut$ by ,lady ,bri/ol1 is s *>m+ 9 ! skill ( its pa9t$ leaf1 & ! delicate c>v+ ( its ivory-jewell$ /ick1 t x is difficult to conceive ( its hav+ be5 plac$ 9 ! h&s ( a *ild4 ,^! fans occasionally appe> 9 pa9t$ portraits1 ! ,infanta ,m>g>e?a-,!resia1 by ,velasquez1 9 ! ,vi5na ,gall]y1 be+ an in/ance4 ,! =ego+ includes all ! pr9cipal types ( fans produc$ 9 ,italy dur+ ! p]iod we h "u consid]ation2 !y ea* pres5t well-m>k$ *>act]i/ics1 & are !re=e n difficult ( id5tification4 ,we h abundant writt5 te/imony to ! sup]iority ( ! ,italian workm5 dur+ ! sev5te5? c5tury1 & to ! ext5t ( ! ,italian export trade 9 fans dur+ ?is p]iod & ev5 lat]4 ,we h also ! evid5ce ( ! fans !mselves2 we %all see1 too1 h[ ! ,p>is v5tailli/es fir/ le>n$ _! craft f ! ,italian workm5 :o migrat$ nor?w>d4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 a complete *ange _h tak5 place 9 ! conditions ( fan production1 ?is p]iod witness+ ! rise ( ! ,fr5* export trade1 & ! middle ( ! c5tury its highe/ developm5t1 at :i* latt] p]iod ,p>is suppli$ n only ,italy b ,spa91 & to "s ext5t ,engl& also4 ,( ?is we h m ?an a h9t f ! p5 ( "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ,italians ( ! latt] half ( ! c5tury4 ,! fan ( ,goldoni's com$y 0 "o ( ! ord9>y sort1 #8n wor? p]haps five paoli4' ,! conclud+ l9es ( ! play make x cle> t a consid]able trade 9 ! *eap] ,fr5* fans 0 done 9 ,italy at ?is p]iod 7#agfc71 &1 by inf]5ce1 t ,p>is fans _h ! be/ reputation1 unless inde$ we are to suppose t ?is 0 a complim5t paid by ,goldoni to ! c\ntry ( 8 adoption1 f :i*1 too1 he enjoy$ a p5sion3 ,,c&ida 7to ,,susanna74 ,x is f ,p>is1 ?is fan8 ,,susanna4 ,yes1 f ,p>is2 ,i gu>antee x4 ,,geltrude4 ,come1 ,i invite y all to supp]1 & we w dr9k to ?is fan :i* did all ! h>m & br\ght all ! good4 ,illu/ration3 ,spani% ,fan1 sk9 m\nt1 pa9t$ 9 ! ,*9ese ta/e4 /ick ivory1 ri*ly c>v$4 ,lady ,l9dsay4 ,,pa9t$ ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,& ,,eighte5? ,,c5turies--,cont9u$ ,,spani% ,illu/ration3 ,,rigid ,,scre5 7,c>ri$ by ! m>ri$ ladies ( ,bologna47 ,! ,spani>ds1 says ,h5ri ,e/i5ne1 c>ri$ t[>ds #addj l>ge r\nd scre5s g>ni%$ ) plumes1 & 9 ! sixte5? c5tury fold$ fans1 v5tails plisss1 enri*$ ) gold & atta*$ to ! wai/ by a gold cord4 ,( ^! latt]1 _m1 d\btless1 7 import$ f ,italy2 few1 probably1 7 ( native workman%ip4 ,a v small pleat$ fan appe>s 9 ! h& ( a ,spani% lady1 illu/rat$ 9 ,vecellio1 #aeij4 ,! rigid flag-fan employ$ 9 ,italy at ?is p]iod 0 also us$ 9 ,spa91 toge!r ) ! v>i\s plum$ fans1 "s 9 ! %ape ( a peacock's tail2 o!rs =m$ ( ! fea!rs ( ! o/ri*1 pheasant1 p>rot1 & ,indian rav54 ,dur+ ! sev5te5? c5tury & lat]1 a l>ge export trade 9 unpa9t$ pleat$ fans 0 done 9 ,p>is to ,madrid & o!r ,spani% cities1 :]e !y 7 decorat$ by native arti/s2 _m 7 export$ complete1 ! au!nticity ( _m s-call$ ,spani% fans mu/ always !re=e rema9 a m or less d\btful "q4 ,! well-kn[n /ory ( ,cano de ,arevalo1 giv5 9 ,quilliet's ,dictionnaire des pe9tres espagnols1 suffici5tly te/ifies to ! ext5t ( ! ,p>is export trade & ! popul>ity ( ,fr5* fans dur+ ?is p]iod4 ,?is pa9t]1 :o 0 a capable m9iaturi/1 f9d+ himself impov]i%$ aft] a p]iod ( extravagance & dissipation1 seclud$ himself = a :ole w9t]1 produc$ a numb] ( fans1 & pass$ !m (f z newly-import$ ,fr5* ones4 ,! trick prov$ completely successful1 = ^u its discov]y1 he 0 n only hail$ z a ma/]1 b 0 subsequ5tly appo9t$ abaniqu]o 7fan-mak]7 to ! que54 ,cano 0 born at ,valdemoro 9 #afef1 & 0 assass9at$ 9 a bull-fight at ,madrid 9 #afif4 ,f ! same s\rce 7,quilliet7 we le>n t ,cano also #8essay$ wat]-col\r pa9t+ on a l>g] scale1 b only succe$$ ) fans1' :i* are /ill e/eem$1 ! few t are pres]v$4 ,?is success ( ,cano mu/ necess>ily h giv5 a consid]able impetus to ! native production ( fans1 l>gely us$ f ! fifte5? c5tury onw>ds by m5 z well z wom54 ,9 brief1 ! /ory ( ,spani% pa9t+ dur+ ! :ole ( ! sixte5? c5tury is t ( a g5]al migration ( ,spani% arti/s to ,italy = purposes ( /udy1 ) a consequ5t /rong ,italian influ5ce2 & an immigration ( ,italian arti/s to ,spa91 *iefly at ! invitation ( ,*>les ,v4 ,! sev5te5? c5tury witness$ ! rise & full developm5t ( a purely native s*ool ( pa9t+1 head$ by ,velasquez & ,murillo1 :o1 h[ev]1 c sc>cely be said to h ex]cis$ any influ5ce ^u ! fan1 s9ce !y 7 pa9t]s pure & simple1 i4e4 _! works 7 di/+ui%$ by ! qualities ( ! pa9t] r ?an ^? ( ! design]2 &1 especially 9 ! case ( ,velasquez1 _! subjects 7 unsuitable to ! fan4 ,we d n usually look to ! la/-nam$ pa9t] = elaboration ( detail4 ,! fold+-fan 9 ! h&s ( ! ,spani% lady by ,velasquez1 #8,la ,femme l'v5tail1' at ,h]t=d ,h\se1 w\ld appe> to be ( lea!r1 judg+ f ! col\r & texture1 ) appli$ ornam5ts at regul> int]vals4 ,?is is probably ( ! sc5t$ v>iety1 peau de s5teur1 made bo? 9 ,italy & ,spa9 at ?is p]iod4#ib ,we h already ref]r$ to ! portrait ( ! little ,infanta ,m>g>e?a-,!resia by ,velasquez 9 ! ,vi5na ,gall]y1 9 :i* a clos$ fold+-fan is repres5t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,r9aldo 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,armida1 ,fr5*1 ,l\is ,,xv4 /ick tortoise-%ells f9ely c>v$1 pa9t$ gilt4 ,miss ,moss4 ,illu/ration3 ,capture ( ! ,bale>ic ,isl&s1 #agei1 ,spani%4 ,mr ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,messel4 ,9 ! ,prado at ,madrid appe> ! foll[+ portraits3-- ,,m5gs4 ,m>ia ,giuseppa1 ,ar*du*ess ( ,au/ria1 a clos$ fold+-fan1 jewell$4 0 ,m>ia ,c>ol9a1 ,que5 ( ,naples1 a fold+-fan4 ,,lopez4 ,que5 ,m>ia ,cri/9a di ,borbone1 a clos$ fold+-fan4 ,,goya4 ,que5 ,m>ia ,luisa1 a clos$ fold+-fan4 ,! int]e/+ fan repres5t+ ! capture ( ! ,bale>ic ,isl&s by ! ,spani>ds 9 #agei may be tak5 z ( ,spani% workman%ip4 ,! subject is tak5 f a pa9t+ 9 ! ,escurial4 ,! /ick is ivory1 c>v$ j\r ) ?ree c>t\*es1 pa9t$ & gilt2 9 ! c5tre appe> figures ( comm&]s on horseback1 a m>* ( troops on ! "o side & w>%ips on ! o!r2 ! backgr\nd #8gold-fi%' inlay4 ,! pap] m\nt is pa9t$ 9 g\a*e2 & on ! rev]se is a view ( a =t4 ,! /yle ( ! pa9t+ pres5ts simil> *>act]i/ics to a fan m\nt 9 ! ,s*reib] collection1 ,briti% ,museum1 9 :i* we are introduc$ to a #8,c>r\sel at ,madrid1' ) a l>ge squ>e fill$ ) spectators appe>+ at ! w9d[s ( ! h\ses2 9 ! c5tre ( ! backgr\nd is a pavilion ) ! k+ & suite1 inscrib$ ,c>los ,,iii41 & a p]=mance ( a numb] ( horsem5 l$ by ! #8,duque de ,md9acli1' ! #8,m>ques de ,tab>a1' & ! #8,m>ques de ,aztorga4' ,! leaf1 :i* has be5 remov$ f ! /ick1 is ( pap]1 pa9t$ 9 g\a*e4 ,a fan ( ?is subject appe>$ 9 ! exhibition ( fans at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahgj1 9 ! possession ( ,madame ,*>les ,he9e ( ,p>is2 ! /ick ( tortoise-%ell1 c>v$ & gilt4 ,?is same k+1 :o succe$$ to ! ,spani% ?rone 9 #agei1 figures z ! subject ( two fan designs 9 ! ,s*reib] collection1 ! "o repres5t+ 8 triumphal entry into ,naples 9 #agcd on 8 election to ! cr[n ( ! ,two ,sicilies1 ) ! subject inscrib$ 9 ,spani%2 ! leaf sign$ #8,fo ,la ,vega ,hisp4 ,let4 ,d4'2 bel[ ! picture1 #8,miado por ,cayetano ,pi*9i ,romano4' ,! o!r1 a companion fan design1 repres5ts ! %am-fight & siege ( ,gaeta 9 #agcd on ! occasion ref]r$ to above2 a canopy be>s ! arms ( ,spa91 & on ei!r side a trophy ) ! arms ( ,m$icis & ,f>nese2 ! subject inscrib$ 9 ,spani%3 #8,foo ,la ,vega ,hispas ,bilbilitanus ,9v e ,del9eavit ,roma' & #8,minado ,por ,leon>do ,egi>mon ,flam5co4' ,bo? ^! fan designs are vigor\sly drawn ) p5 9 bi/re & work$ ) ,india ink1 ! /yle betray+ a /rong late ,italian influ5ce4 ,"o ( ! fir/ acts ( ,*>les1 ^u 8 accession to ! ?rone1 0 to ent] into a treaty ) ,l\is ,,xv4 kn[n z ! #8,pacte de famille1' by :i* ^! two k+s ( ! h\se ( ,b\rbon unit$ !mselves into an (f5sive & def5sive alliance4 ,by ! t]ms ( ?is treaty1 sign$ #ae? ,augu/ #agfa1 ,spa9 0 oblig$ to take "p 9 ! w> 9 :i* ,france & ,engl& 7 !n engag$1 ,france hop+ to avail h]self ( ! m>itime p[] ( ,spa91 & to prev5t ,portugal f decl>+ common cause ) ,engl&4 ,its only effect1 h[ev]1 0 to inflict ^u h] ally a s]ies ( disa/]s simil> to h] own1 ,spa9 los+ ,cuba1 ,manilla1 & ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 & ,france ,m>t9ique1 besides be+ f9ally expell$ f ,canada1 ?us complet+ ! "w begun by ,wolfe at ,quebec "s two ye>s previ\sly4 ,! sequel to ^! ev5ts 0 ! ,treaty ( ,p>is 9 #agfc1 ! prelim9>ies ( peace be+ sign$ at ,fonta9ebleau on ! #crd ,novemb] ( ! previ\s ye>4 ,by ! t]ms ( ?is in/rum5t1 ,canada1 ! isl&s ( ,m9orca1 ,gr5ada & ! ,gr5ad9es1 ,/4 ,v9c5t1 ,dom9ica & ,tobago 7 c$$ to ,brita91 :ile to ,france 7 re/or$ ,belleisle on ! ,fr5* coa/1 ! isl&s ( ,/4 ,pi]re & ,miquelon ne> ,newf\ndl&1 ,m>t9ique1 ,guadal\pe1 ,m>igalante1 ,desirade1 & ,/4 ,lucia 9 ! ,we/ ,indies4 ,havannah 0 re/or$ to ,spa91 ! ,spani>ds 9 return c$+ ,florida to ! ,engli%1 & agree+ also to make peace ) ,portugal4 ,illu/ration3 ,! betro?al ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 ,m>ie ,anto9ette1 ,spani%1 sk9 m\nt1 tortoise%ell /ick1 gold silv] incru/ations4 ,mrs ,frank ,w4 ,gibson 7,eugnie ,joa*im7 ,9 ,la ,revue ,hispanique1 tome viii41 appe>$ an article by ,m4 ,gabriel ,m>cel1 repr9t$ 9 pamphlet =m "u ! title ( #8,un v5tail ,hi/orique du dix-huitime sicle1 ,p>is1 #aija1' describ+ & illu/rat+ a rem>kable fan 9 ! cab9et ( a ,p>isian amateur ^: "n is n giv51 commemorat+ ! ev5t above ref]r$ to4 ,! /ick is ivory1 c>v$ ) an agreeable pell-mell ( c>t\*es1 gilt2 ! c5tre be+ occupi$ by a conv]sation galante ( f\r figures 9 ! co/ume ( ! ,watteau p]iod4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! sk9 leaf1 f9ely pa9t$ 9 g\a*e1 is a /one table c>v$ 9 high relief ) figures ( ,cupids1 ne> :i* are ! ,k+s ( ,france & ,spa91 ea* accompani$ by a female figure repres5t+ ! respective c\ntries1 & be>+ a %ield ( arms2 above1 a figure ( ,peace cr[n$ ) olive leaves appe>s f ! cl\ds & directs ! c]emony4 ,9 ! middle di/ance is a tribune on :i* are seat$ ?ree female figures1 ) a cornucopia ( abundance1 & ! arms ( ,france & ,spa92 above is a figure ( ,fame ) a trumpet4 ,9 ! m imm$iate =egr\nd are ! ,k+s ( ,engl& & ,portugal1 _! id5tity be+ det]m9$ by ! blazon+ ( ! %ields :i* accompany !m4 ,c\rt (ficials1 toge!r ) _! ladies1 complete ! composition4 ,! rev]se1 :i* is less int]e/+1 & probably by ano!r h&1 repres5ts an ar*itectural /ructure )1 aga91 ! arms ( ,france1 & above1 ^? ( ,france & ,spa9 entw9$4 ,al?\gh x is possible t ! fan may be ( ,spani% manufacture1 x is m probably ,fr5*1 s9ce x be>s all ! *>act]i/ics ( ,fr5* "w ( ! p]iod ( ,l\is ,qu9ze4 ,x 0 probably made ei!r = a royal pr9cess1 or = ! wife ( "s prom95t (ficial :o took "p 9 ! negotiations ( ! treaty4 ,! classical revival ( ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury 0 n )\t its effect on ,spa92 fans be+ pa9t$ 9 ?is c\ntry also ) subjects f ! ,greek my?ology4 ,at ! exhibition at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahgj1 ! ,d[ag]-,c\ntess ( ,crav5 exhibit$ a l>ge ,spani% dress fan1 ! m\nt ri*ly pa9t$ on vellum1 ) a c5tre subject ( ,aurora & ,zephyr1 ! floral ornam5ts emboss$ 9 gold & spangl$2 ! /ick c>v$ ivory & "m-(-pe>l1 ) figures 9 gold relief v>iegat$ & spangl$1 jewell$ /ud4#ic ,t[>ds ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury onw>ds1 a class ( fan 0 made 9 :i* ! /ick1 usually ( tortoise-%ell1 b also ( ivory & o!r mat]ial1 0 elaborately pi]c$ & c>v$1 occasionally 9 ! mo/ ornate fa%ion1 ! br9s numb]+ f eight to t51 ! gu>ds wide1 bo? be+ heavily incru/$ ) gold & silv]4 ,! m\nts ( ^! fans 7 always n>r[1 measur+ ab\t ?ree-sev5?s ( ! l5g? ( ! /ick4 ,?is class ( fan1 examples ( :i* appe> 9 mo/ collections1 by g5]al cons5t has be5 associat$ ) ,spa91 al?\gh1 d\btless1 x 0 produc$ 9 o!r c\ntries also4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ ( ^! fans1 z well z "o ( ! f9e/1 is t 9 ! possession ( ,lady ,bri/ol1 describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 ! succe$+ *apt]1 page #afc4 ,?is1 f ! skill display$ 9 its f9ely design$ /ick1 & ! /yle ( its delicately pa9t$ leaf1 is m probably ,fr5* ?an ,spani%4 ,int]e/+ examples ( ?is class ( fan are giv5 f ! collections ( ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9cess ,victor ( ,hoh5lohe-,br&5burg & ,mrs4 ,frank ,w4 ,gibson4 ,9 ! fir/-nam$ in/ance ! /ick is tortoise-%ell1 ) gold incru/ations ( figures ( ,roman w>riors1 musicians 9 ! co/ume ( ! p]iod ( ! fan 7c4 #aghj71 ,cupids1 & o!r ornam5ts3 ! leaf a pretty pa/oral2 ! "w1 al?\gh probably ,spani%1 %[+ a /rong ,fr5* influ5ce4 ,mrs4 ,gibson's fan belong$ to h] gr&mo!r1 :o 0 a ,spani>d2 ! leaf1 probably1 repres5ts ! betro?al ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 & ,m>ie ,anto9ette1 ,l\is be+ b sixte5 at ! "t ( 8 m>riage 9 #aggj4 ,! ,au/rian ,c\rt 0 closely alli$ to t ( ,spa92 & ?is subject1 !re=e1 w\ld naturally appeal to ! ,spani>ds4 ,a w$d+ fan occurs 9 ! collection ( ,lady ,l9dsay1 hav+ = its c5tre m$allion a lady's dress+-room1 ) ,cupid hold+ a mirror2 on ! sides are a ,cupid light+ 8 tor* f an alt>1 & a ,cupid ) b[ & arr[s4 ,! /ick ( tortoise-%ell1 f9ely silv]$ & gilt4 ,,corrig5dum ,page #acb1 l9e #ab f bottom1 = ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9cess ,victor ( ,hoh5lohe-,br&5burg1 read ,h4,s4,h4 ! ,pr9cess ,victor ( ,hoh5lohe ,lang5burg4 ,,end ,,( ,,corrig5dum ,illu/ration3 ,pa/orelle1 ,spani%1 c4 #aghj4 sk9 m\nt1 tortoise%ell /ick1 gilt incru/ations4 ,h4,s4,h4 ,pr9cess ,victor ( ,hoh5lohe-,lang5burg4 ,a rem>kable fan 9 ?is same collection 0 br\ght f ,madrid by ,lady ,cann+1 :o accompani$ ,sir ,/rat=d ,cann+ to ,spa9 on a special mission f ,que5 ,victoria1 & 0 giv5 to ,lady ,l9dsay 9 #ahgh4 ,! /ick is ( ivory1 f9ely & elaborately c>v$2 ! m\nt1 sk91 pa9t$ 9 ! ,*9ese ta/e2 illu/rat$ fac+ p4 #abg4 ,! "* ( ,spani% "w ( ! /ick1 :i*1 ) a few isolat$ exceptions1 nev] rea*$ a high level ( atta9m5t1 mat]ially det]iorat$ t[>ds ! close ( ! c5tury4 ,a fan appe>s 9 ! ,s*reib] collection1 ) ivory /ick1 indiff]5tly c>v$ & gilt1 ! silk leaf hav+ = its subject a l>ge m$allion ( ! surr5d] ( ,m9orca 9 #aghb1 ) ! ,engli% army evacuat+ ! isl&1 & ! ,spani% flag wav+ ov] ! =t ( ,s4 ,phelippe2 ! sides decorat$ ) vases ( fl[]s embroid]$1 pa9t$1 & spangl$2 ! subject inscrib$ 9 ,spani% along ! top bord] ( ! fan4 ,( ! treatm5t ( ! /ick1 two int]e/+ examples 9 ! ,wyatt collection may be ref]r$ to--! "o1 belong+ to ! e>ly "p ( ! c5tury1 9 :i* pa9t$ trellis-"w 9 blue & br[n is introduc$ z a backgr\nd to f9ely pi]c$ & c>v$ c>t\*es ( figures & o!r subjects1 ! ornam5t be+ enri*$ ) gold2 ! o!r ) a pap] m\nt repres5t+ ! visit ( ! ,que5 ( ,%eba to ,solomon 7probably a *ur*-fan71 ! "m-(-pe>l /icks engrav$ ) ?ree figure subjects en c>t\*e1 ) elaborate scroll-"w2 ! lead+ features ( ! ornam5t1 toge!r ) portions ( ! figures1 be+ emphasis$ ) ?9 l9es ( gold1 hav+ an extremely pleasant effect2 c4 #agej4 ,spani% pa9t+ 9 ! latt] half ( ! eighte5? c5tury exp]i5c$ "s revival 9 ! p]son ( ,francisco ,goya1 "o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y p]sonalities :o ev] wield$ a bru%1 & ^: greatness is only j beg9n+ to be adequately recognis$1 *iefly1 h[ev]1 on acc\nt ( 8 et*+s1 ( :i* he produc$ a numb]4#id ,if we may conceive ,goya z ev] t\*+ ! fan1 ! example illu/rat$1 f ! collection ( ,lady ,nor?cliffe1 is j su* a "o z he might h pa9t$4 ,at any rate ?is may be consid]$ z a typical ,spani% fan4 ,! silk leaf has 9 ! c5tre a m\nt$ picador1 ) six m$allions ( bull-fights2 above ! picador are two ,cupids hold+ a %ield ( arms1 ) ?irte5 o!r %ields along ! upp] bord]1 be>+ ! arms ( ,bisc>ia1 ,cordova1 ,majorca1 ,val5cia1 ,arragonia1 ,leon1 ,ca/illia1 ,nav>ra1 ,tol$o1 ,gallicia1 ,&alusia1 ,murcia1 & ,catalonia4 ,! %ields1 toge!r ) ! m$allions1 are bord]$ ) embroid]$ spangles2 ! ivory /ick & gu>ds f9ely pi]c$ & inlaid ) gold & silv]4 ,! *>m+ spangl$ fan 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,talbot ,hughes may also be accept$ z ( und\bt$ ,spani% workman%ip4 ,9 ?is1 ! leaf is ( :ite silk1 pa9t$ ) a female figure 9 a g>d51 arrang+ fl[]s f a basket4 ,! head is an appli$ m9iature on ivory1 a device mu* affect$ by ! ,*9ese2 ! necklace1 se$ pe>ls appliqu2 ! dress completely ( spangles4 ,! leaf is enri*$ ) a bord] ( gold & silv] sequ9s ( v>i\s =ms1 "s be+ set ) cry/als4 ,! /ick ivory1 col\r$1 gilt1 & decorat$ la paillette4 ,! date ab\t #ahjj4 ,illu/ration3 ,spani% ,fan1 ,bull ,fights1 c4 #aghj1 silk m\nt spangl$ ivory /ick c>v$ j\r1 gold silv] incru/ations4 ,lady ,nor?cliffe4 ,x has be5 %[n1 beyond any possibility ( d\bt1 t dur+ ! sev5te5? c5tury ,fr5* exportation ( ?is da9ty article to ,spa9 0 consid]able1 ,fr5* fans enjoy+ ! be/ reputation 9 t c\ntry1 z well z 9 ,italy1 & t ?is pre-em95ce 0 ma9ta9$ dur+ ! succe$+ c5tury1 ! p]iod ( ! highe/ developm5t ( ! fan indu/ry 9 ,france2 b :ile x is difficult to associate ! native ,spani% workman%ip ) fans ( ! highe/ calibre1 a pref]5ce = ! ri*] ,fr5* fans hav+ always prevail$1 x is c]ta9 t ! production ( ! *eap] fans 01 & is1 consid]able1 ,val5cia be+ ! *ief c5tre ( ! indu/ry4 ,x is equally c]ta9 t 9 no c\ntry 9 ,europe is ! employm5t ( ! fan s g5]al1 or ! toy s gracefully wield$1 z 9 ?is l& ( light1 col\r1 & romance4 ,?ophile ,gauti] 7,tra los montes7 ?us ref]s to ! importance ( ! fan 9 ,spa93 #8,! ,fan corrects 9 "s measure ! pret5sion ( ! ,spani>ds to ,p>isianism4 ,a woman )\t a fan is a ?+ ,i h nev] yet se5 9 t fav\r$ l&2 ,i h se5 wom5 we>+ sat9 %oes )\t any /ock+s1 b !y _h1 nev]!less1 _! fans1 :i* foll[ !m ev]y:]e1 ev5 to *ur*1 :]e y meet gr\ps ( all ages1 kneel+ or sitt+1 pray+ & fann+ !mselves ) equal f]v\r4' #8,we %\ld rememb]1' says ,disraeli 7,cont>9i ,flem+71 #8t "h ,cadiz1 z 9 ! nor?1 ! fan is n conf9$ to ! delightful sex4 ,! cavali] also has 8 fan2 &1 t ! habit may n be consid]$ an indication ( effem9acy1 le>n t 9 ?is scor*+ clime ! soldi] w n m\nt gu>d )\t ?is solace4' ,9 ,spa91 z 9 ,*9a & ,japan1 !re is a fan = e occasion--= ! /reet1 :]e pap] ones are us$1 ^! af=d+ m breeze on a sultry day ?an d lace or silk2 = fea/ days1 bull-fights1#ie & ! !atre1 silk or lace fans1 m\nt$ on s&alwood1 bone1 ivory1 or "m-(-pe>l4 ,a fav\rite mat]ial is silk1 m\nt$ on a c>v$ wood5 frame :i* op5s & %uts easily1 a mo/ ess5tial ?+ 9 a ,spani% fan1 :i* is p]petually 9 motion1 portray+ ! feel+s & ?\ghts t are pass+ ?r\gh ! m9d ( its own]4 ,! fan is 9 ! h&s ( e "o1 f ! m]e/ baby to ! big toreador1 :o employs x z a means ( excit+ ! ire ( 8 bov9e adv]s>y4 ,x s]ves z conv5i5t scre5 = ! d>k-ey$ beauty1 :o1 seat$ 9 ! balcony 9 ! /ill ev5+1 li/5s eag]ly to ! impassion$ s]5ade b5ea?4 ,at ! !atre1 says ,blondel1 no?+ is m curi\s ?an ! manipulation ( ^! in/rum5ts1 play+ ) ! expressive grace :i* is a sil5t flirtation4 ,be=e ! play beg9s1 or dur+ ! int]vals1 e "o talks 9 ! mid/ ( a confus$ noise resembl+ ! buzz+ ( an imm5se sw>m ( flies4 ,! curta9 rises--all resume _! places2 ! conv]sation ceases2 ! fans1 ev]y:]e wav+ 9 v>i$ movem5t1 gradually1 "o by "o1 tone d[n into regul>ity ( "t2 !y flutt] 9 captivat+ cad5ce1 sugge/+ 9 appe>ance a cr[d ( v>iegat$ butt]flies1 & *>m+ ! e> ) _! delightful #8fr\-fr\4' ,x is ?is play ( ! fan 7manejo del abanico7 9 :i* fair dames & demoiselles h become su* adepts1 t x has be5 necess>y to co9 a ^w to express ?is *>m+ art4 ,?us1 #8abanic>' means ! play ( ! fan1 :ile #8oje>' signifies ! language ( ! eyes4 ,^! two manuvres1 rem>ks ,m4 ,l\is nault %rewdly1 are closely alli$1 & "o alone suffices = a man's de/ruction4 ,! fan1 inde$1 has its own p>ticul> language1 m eloqu5t ?an t ( fl[]s--! ,spani% novia 7lady-love7 communicates h] ?\ghts by code to h] novio 7swee!>t71 z--engag$ c\ples 9 ,spa9 be+ nev] all[$ alone--woman's ready wit has devis$ ?is means ( private conv]sation4 ,illu/ration3 ,spani% ,fan1 silk m\nt spangl$1 ! head an ivory m9iature4 necklace ( se$ pe>ls4 c4 #ahjj4 ,mr ,talbot ,hughes4 ,illu/ration3 ,fte de l',agriculture1 #agih1 silk m\nt1 spangl$4 ,mr ,,lcr4 ,messel4 ,! in/ructions are set =? 9 fifty diff]5t directions 9 a little booklet publi%$ 9 ,g]man by ,frau ,b>?olomu1 f ! orig9al ,spani% ( ,f5ella4 ,a few examples w probably suffice z an indication ( ! me?od3-- #a4 ,y h won my love4 ,place ! %ut fan ne> ! he>t4 #b4 ,:5 may ,i be all[$ to see y8 ,! %ut fan re/+ ^u ! "r eye4 #c4 ,at :at h\r8 ,! numb] ( ! /icks ( ! fan indicate ! h\r4 #d4 ,i long always to be ne> !e4 ,t\* ! unfold$ fan 9 ! act ( wav+4 #e4 ,d n be s imprud5t4 ,?reat5 ) ! %ut fan4 #f4 ,:y d y misund]/& me8 ,gaze p5sively at ! unfold$ fan4 #g4 ,y may kiss me4 ,press ! half-op5$ fan to ! lips4 #h4 ,=give me1 ,i pray y4 ,clasp ! h&s "u ! op5 fan4 #i4 ,d n betray our secret4 ,cov] ! left e> ) ! op5 fan4 #aj4 ,i promise to m>ry y4 ,%ut ! full-op5$ fan v sl[ly4 ,& s on1 ?r\gh ! :ole gamut ( ! language ( love4 ,a %ort] code has be5 publi%$ 9 ,engli% 7duly copyright$7 by ,m4 ,j4 ,duvell]oy4 ,?is1 al?\gh ! pr9ciple is ! same1 diff]s mat]ially 9 ! details2 ?us1 #8,i love y' 9 ,spani% is to hide ! eyes beh9d ! op5$ fan2 9 ,engli%1 to draw ! fan across ! *eek4 #8,i hate y1' 9 ! =m] in/ance1 is to raise ! %ut fan to ! %\ld] 9 ! "r h&2 9 ! latt]1 to draw ! fan ?r\gh ! h&3 ei!r code be+ suffici5tly expressive & acquir$ ) tol]able ease4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,pa9t$ ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,& ,,eighte5? ,,c5turies 7,,fr5*7 ,illu/ration3 ,,fan ,,( ,,rice ,,/raw 7,f a ,fifte5?-,c5tury ,,ms4 9 ! ,national ,libr>y1 ,p>is47 ,! s-call$ ,r5aissance ( ! arts ( ,france 9 ! sixte5? c5tury 0 ! outcome ( an increas$ k (1 & famili>ity )1 ,italian ideals ( life1 & ! spl5d\rs ( a m ref9$ civilisation2 x repres5t$ ! assimilation ( ! national _s1 ! union ( ,fr5* #8nettet d'excution' ) ! m sob] le>n+ ( ,italian tradition4 ,! beg9n+s ( ?is ,italian influ5ce are to be discov]$ e>li]1 9 ! visit ( ,jean ,f\cquet to ,italy 9 #addj-adde2 ?is ev5t be+ ! signal = a g5]al migration ( ,italian arti/s nor?w>d4 ,= ! purposes ( ! fan1 h[ev]1 we are conc]n$ only ) ! hi/ory ( ,fr5* art f ! p]iod :51 9 #aecj1 at ! invitation ( ,franois ,i41 ,le ,rosso & ,primaticcio repair$ to ,p>is = ! purpose ( decorat+ ! palace at ,fonta9ebleau4 ,at ?is p]iod ar*itecture 0 creat+ ,*5onceau & ,*ambord4 ,sculpture1 9 ! h&s ( ,cell9i & ,jean ,g\jon1 0 provid+ ! decorative details = ! *teau !n be+ built by ,philib]t de l',orme = ,diana de ,poiti]s4 ,9 ! si/] art ( ,pa9t+1 ,jean ,c\s9 & ,franois ,cl\et1 toge!r ) ,primaticcio1 :o cont9u$ work+ until #aegj1 7 ! dom9ant influ5ces4 ,illu/ration3 ,pa/orelle1 /yle ( ,watteau1 sk9 m\nt1 /ick "m ( pe>l1 f9ely pi]c$1 c>v$1 emboss$ ) a sacrificial sc5e 9 gold4 ,fr5*4 c4 #agej4 ,wyatt ,colln4 ,v4 ,a4 ,museum4 ,simon ,v\et1 recall$ to ,p>is aft] a l5g?y soj\rn 9 ,rome1 0 pa9t+ ! nobles ( ! ,fr5* c\rt1 & decorat+ = ,ri*elieu ! ,palais ,royal & ! ,*teau de ,rueil4 ,p\ss91 ,fr5* by bir?1 ,italian & classic 9 sympa?y1 f\nd ! arti/ic atmosph]e ( ,rome m cong5ial to him4 ,9 #afdj1 ^u a press+ invitation f ,l\is ,,xiii41 he migrat$ to ,p>is1 b1 on acc\nt ( c\rt intrigues1 ! jeal\sies ( 8 bro!r arti/s1 & ! malignity ( ,v\et1 "u pret5ce ( br++ 8 wife f ,rome1 he left ,p>is 9 #afdb1 nev] to return4 ,! pupils ( ,v\et 7 ,le ,sueur & ,*>les le ,brun4 ,) ?is latt] arti/ ,fr5* pa9t+ ent]s ^u a new phase1 & x is impossible to ov]e/imate ! influ5ce = good or = evil ex]cis$ by him dur+ ! latt] half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury2 nay1 x ext5d$ practically ov] ! :ole ( ! c5tury1 s9ce he began pa9t+ almo/ f 8 infancy4 ,! "w ( ,le ,brun1 9 spite ( its _m affectations1 possesses _m admirable qualities3 su* a composition1 = example1 z #8,! ,entry ( ,alex&] into ,babylon1' n[ 9 ! ,l\vre1 :i*1 by ! way1 appe>s on an ,italian fan 9 ! ,wyatt collection1 at once /amps him z a ma/] ( decorative arrangem5t1 & is typical bo? ( 8 qualities & 8 limitations4 ,"o ( ! mo/ significant ev5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ,fr5* art 0 ! f\nd+ ( ! ,academy 9 #afdh3 9 ?is ,le ,brun naturally took a lead+ "p1 z also 9 ! f\ndation ( ! ,fr5* ,s*ool 9 ,rome1 ( :i* he 0 ! fir/ director4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,academy _h a direct z well z an indirect be>+ ^u ! fan1 s9ce on m ?an "o occasion x #8us$ ! p[] ( its pre/ige 9 def5ce ( ! j lib]ties ( ! v5tailli/es4'#if ,pi]re ,mign>d 7,le ,roma971 ! lifelong rival ( ,le ,brun1 possess$ some?+ ( ! gr& mann]1 d]iv$ f 8 /udy ( ! ,c>racci & ,dom5i*9o4 ,9 #affd he 0 ! head ( ! ,academy ( ,/4 ,luke1 & 9 #afij1 ^u ! dea? ( ,le ,brun1 he 0 appo9t$ ,director ( ! ,academy ( ,pa9t+1 a po/ :i* he fill$ until 8 dea? 9 #afie4 ,we h said t dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury1 ,italian influ5ces on ,fr5* art 7 p>am\nt--^! influ5ces be+ entirely heal?y & reg5]ative4 ,?r\gh\t ! succe$+ c5tury ! dom9ant influ5ce 0 /ill ,italian1 b its effect 0 z delet]i\s z x _h be5 =m]ly b5efic5t4 ,by #agjj ! decorative arts 7 well on ! d[nw>d pa?4 ,b]n9i _h be5 dead tw5ty ye>s1 b 8 influ5ce1 toge!r ) t ( ,borrom9i1 0 /ill a liv+ ?+1 & 0 /ill work+ irrep>able mis*ief4 ,sir ,m4 ,digby ,wyatt1 9 a p[]ful article writt5 = ,ow5 ,jones's ,gramm> ( ,ornam5t1 ref]r+ to ,borrom9i1 says3 #8,f 8 f]vid imag9ation & r>e facility z a draughtsman & design]1 he soon obta9$ ample employm5t2 & 9 8 caprici\s vag>ies1 e t5d5cy to extravagance t ,b]n9i's /yle possess$ ,borrom9i contriv$ to c>icature4 ,until 8 dea?1 9 #affg1 he cont9u$ s$ul\sly occupi$ 9 subv]t+ all kn[n pr9ciples ( ord] & symmetry1 n only to 8 own enri*m5t1 b to ! admiration ( ! lead]s ( ! fa%ion ( ! day4 ,! anomalies he introduc$ into design1 ! disproportionate m\ld+s1 brok51 contra/$1 & re-ent]+ curves1 444 became ! mode ( ! day1 & all ,europe 0 spe$ily busy 9 devis+ simil> enormities4 ,9 ,france ! fev] rag$ spe$ily1 & ! popul> /yle1 9 place ( ! qua9t b picturesque =ms to be se5 9 ! engrav+s ( ,du ,c]ceau1 #aegf1 sub/itut$ ! m elaborate b less agreeable ones to be f\nd 9 ,m>ot1 #agbg1 & ,m>iette1 #agbf-g4444 ,despite ?is debas+ influ5ce1' cont9ues our au?or1 #8_m ( ! ,fr5* arti/s ( ! "t1 bo? ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 & ,,xv41 9 ! mid/ ( _! extravagances1 made _m beautiful ornam5tal designs1 %[+ 9 !m a s5se ( caprici\s beauty ( l9e r>ely surpass$4' ,illu/ration3 ,la ,danse1 ,l\is ,,xv1 sk9 leaf1 "m ( pe>l /ick1 c>v$1 pa9t$1 gilt4 #bb0 ,x #aa-c_/d04 ,! ,du*ess ( ,portl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,pa/orelle1 ,l\is ,,xv1 sk9 leaf1 tortoise%ell /ick1 ) gold incru/ations #ah-a_/d0 #aj04 ,! ,du*ess ( ,portl&4 ,?is1 al?\gh writt5 at ! p]iod ( p]haps ! v l[e/ ebb ( ! decorative arts1 ! mid-,victorian era1 pretty well sums up ! matt]1 & is a fair e/imate ( ! decorative t5d5cies t obta9$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! g5]al "* ( ! fan1 !re=e1 necess>ily p>took ( ?is debas+ influ5ce1 & reflect$ ! ornam5tal vulg>ities & fa%ionable inanities ( ! "t4 ,?us we h1 9 m\ld$ ornam5t1 a pr(usion ( ^? extravagant %ell-l c>t\*es :i* h become id5tifi$ ) ! p]iods ( ,l\is ,,xv4 & ,,xvi42 curly /ructures elaborately p]=at$1 beg9n+ & end+ at w1 obs]v+ no reasonable or well-def9$ law1 b express+ only ! caprice ( ! arti/4 ,^! ei!r =m$ ! />t+-po9t = ! light] ornam5ts1 or 7 associat$ ) naturali/ic swags & fe/oons ( fruit & fl[]s1 masks1 ribbons1 etc4 ,) ! dawn ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ,fr5* pictorial art ent]s ^u t era ( ftes galantes1 conv]sations galantes1 & amusem5ts *amptres1 :i*1 :atev] its %ortcom+s1 0 purely ,fr5* & native to ! soil4 ,! p]nici\s influ5ce ( ! ,italian decad5ce is ab\t to be %ak5 (f4 ,watteau 0 sixte5 ye>s old1 & j comm5c+ ^? lab\rs :i* result$ 9 ! practical reg5]ation ( ,fr5* pa9t+4 ,he may be said to dom9ate ! art ( ! eighte5? c5tury z completely z ,le ,brun _h ov]%ad[$ ! c5tury :i* prec$$4 ,he sums up 9 himself t _s ( ! joy\sness ( life1 t c>eless1 impulsive frivolity :i* is ! note ( ! age4 ,8 imm$iate foll[]s1 ,lancret1 ,pat]1 & 9 "s s5se ,de ,troy1 c>ri$ on ! tradition1 b ) a m pron\nc$ conv5tion3 ! %imm] & %e5 ( silk & sat9 drap]ies are pa9t$ accord+ to a recipe1 ! g5]al treatm5t ( ! subjects reveals a less delicate fancy1 & a less t5d] sympa?y4 ,b\*]1 fri5d & s]vant ( ,la ,pompad\r1 #8) h] fan t breaks ?r\gh halb]ds1'#ig has be5 /yl$1 ) m or less semblance to tru?1 ! ,anacreon ( pa9t]s4 ,8 conv5tion is ( an entirely diff]5t ord] to t ( ,watteau & 8 s*ool2 b if 8 me?od & /yle is m artificial1 x is because life & mann]s h become less s9c]e1 & because he is true to 8 belief t #8,nature want$ h>mony & s$uction'2 he yields no?+ to 8 pr$ecessors 9 arti/ic p[]1 he is completely ma/] ( 8 te*nique1 & und]/&s exactly ! measure ( 8 gifts4 ,9 8 pupil ,fragon>d1 we h 9 reality ! true heir & successor ( ,watteau--! same supple t\*1 ! same allur+ grace1 ! same captivat+ inv5tion & sugge/iv5ess :i* always summons u to an en*ant$ l& ( love1 & music1 & dalliance4 ,x 0 an exce$+ly gay1 light-he>t$1 & pleasant "t--9 pa9t+ at any rate4 ,/rephon sat at ! feet ( ,phyllis1 w>bl+ s(t no?+s to ! accompanim5t ( ! lute4 ,dan ,cupid1 :o 0 ev]y:]e 9 evid5ce1 took x = grant$ t 8 pres5ce 0 always propos1 & nev] tr\bl$ 8 curly head z to :e!r 8 decorative surr\nd+s 7 9 ! nice/ possible ta/e4 ,! fan necess>ily reflect$ ?is ecc5tricity & extravagance--inde$ x took its natural place 9 ! g5]al decorative s*eme2 ! #8da9ty rogues' ( ! sidebo>d & mantel-%elf 7 9 complete h>mony ) ! /ill m da9ty rogues ( ! fan2 ! %eph]dess 9 h] fl[]$ skirt rubb$ %\ld]s1 or attempt$ to d s1 ) ! f9e lady 9 cr9ol9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,mom5s ,musicals1 #8,v]nis ,m>t94' ,mr ,leopold de ,ro?s*ild4 ,! fun wax$ fa/] & m furi\s2 ! times grew madd] & /ill m mad2 ! exub]ance ( ! rococo became m & m pron\nc$1 until no inanity rema9$ untri$1 no extravagant banality ov]look$4 ,!n came ! inevitable reaction4 ,! latt] half ( ! c5tury witness$ ! s[+ ( ! se$1 &1 inde$1 ! full fruition1 ( t neo-classicism1 :i*1 al?\gh a relief f ! b>occo ( ! prec$+ p]iod1 0 ! outcome ( no settl$ conviction except ! desirability ( ent]+ any port 9 a /orm2 x _h its orig9 9 ! int]e/ :i* 0 !n be+ tak5 9 ar*ology & classical rese>*4 ,) ! ,revolution came arti/ic *aos1 &--! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! cold1 correct classicalities ( ! #8/yle de l',empire' 7 due1 9 great "p1 to ! influ5ce ( ! pa9t] ,david1 al?\gh ! inauguration ( ?is new epo* 0 claim$ by ,vi54 ,! "w ( ,david & t ( 8 imm$iate foll[]s1 ,girodet1 ,gros1 ,gr>d1 & ,+res1 repres5t$ p]haps ! natural antidote to ! decorative debau* :i* is "h pass$ rapidly 9 review2 its f9al ov]?r[ 0 br\ght ab\t by t riot ( academic tradition 9 :i* x subsequ5tly indulg$1 r ?an by ! lab\rs ( ,delacroix & ! s*ool ( ,romantici/s :i* foll[$4 ,?is1 9 ! briefe/ possible t]ms1 is an acc\nt ( ! g5]al & m obvi\s t5d5cies ( ,fr5* art dur+ ! two c5turies we h "u consid]ation4 ,h[ f>1 !n1 & to :at ext5t may we trace ! direct h&iwork ( ^! arti/s ^u ! fan8 ,:at ( ! au?ors ( ^! da9ty creations1 t flutt]$ & %imm]$ l s _m butt]flies ?r\gh ! summ] sun%9e--:at d we "k ( _! p]sonality8 ,sev]al ref]5ces are made 9 ?is "w to ! simil>ity :i* exi/s betwe5 ! v5tailli/es & ! c]ami/s4 ,! conditions ( production 7 precisely ! same1 ! work]s 9 ! two arts 71 broadly speak+1 ( ! same arti/ic calibre2 inde$1 x is on record t1 ^u a %ortage ( pa9t]s at ! royal factory ( ,svres1 ! v5tailli/es 7 call$ 9 to fill ! brea*4 ,at ! close ( ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xv41 says ,paul ,mantz1 ! mo/ prom95t v5tailli/es 7 ,*evali]1 ,josse1 ,boguet1 ,hb]t1 ,race1 & ,mme4 ,vrit4 ,among/ ! pa9t]s1 almo/ 9 e in/ance obscure1 7 d\btless "s "y arti/s :o _h /ill _! position to make1 & ! signature ( ,cahaigue is record$ ) ! date #agff4 ,9 ! ,l\vre are two fan leaves sign$ by ,raymond ,la ,f>ge1 c4 #afhj4 ,an ivory bris fan1 ) ! subject ( ,bl9dman's ,buff1 sign$ #8,tiquet ,fecit1 #agbj1' appe>$ 9 ! ,walk] sale 9 #ahhb4 ,le ,sieur ,pi*>d1 also1 is m5tion$ 9 an almanac ( #aggc1 z be+ v well kn[n z a fan pa9t]2 ,mme4 ,dor1 at ! same date1 pa9t$ on silk & gauze3 bo? ! la/-nam$ work$ = ! v5tailli/es4--,b ! great] names1 :i* h become illu/ri\s 9 ! annals ( ,fr5* art1 ,watteau1 ,b\*]1 ,fragon>d2 is x possible to claim ^! also = ! fan8--,a fan be>+ ! ineffably graci\s t\* ( a ,fragon>d1 :at a possession6 ,lancret pa9t$ a picture 9 ! =m ( a fan1 repres5t+ two figures 9 a wood$ l&scape4 ,m4 ,paul ,mantz1 ref]r+ to ! fan 9 ! collection ( ,dr4 ,poigey ( ,p>is1 decorat$ ) light simple ornam5t & m$allion heads ( a y\? & two "y girls1 says3 #8,! delicacy ( ref9$ rose t9t1 ! sur5ess ( t\*1 ! free manipulation ( ! g\a*e1 %[ a ma/]-h&2 ( a c]ta9ty1 if ,b\*] ev] pa9t$ a fan1 x is ?is "o4' ,balzac 7,c\s9 ,pons7 ref]s to a #8gem ( a fan' f\nd at a second-h& deal]'s1 enclos$ 9 a little box ( ,we/ ,india wood1 sign$ by ,watteau7871 & =m]ly ! prop]ty ( ,la ,pompad\r4 ,! old musician turns t[>ds 8 c\s9 ) a c\rtly b[1 (f]s h] ! fan ( ! fav\rite1 say+3 #8,x is "t = t :i* has s]v$ ,vice to be 9 ! h&s ( ,virtue2 a hundr$ ye>s w be requir$ to "w su* a miracle4 ,be sure t no pr9cess c h any?+ comp>able ) ?is *ef d'uvre1 = x is unhappily 9 human nature to d m = a ,pompad\r ?an = a virtu\s ,que54' ,illu/ration3 ,pa/orelle aft] ,lancret1 /ick "m ( pe>l1 ri*ly c>v$1 pi]c$ gilt belong$ to an ,aunt ( ,que5 ,victoria1 ,fr5*4 c4 #agej4 ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 ,pr9cess ,l\ise1 ,du*ess ( ,argyll4 ,we le>n f ,brantme t ,ca!r9e de' ,m$icis1 :o made h] fir/ public entry into ,p>is z que5 9 #aedi1 introduc$ into ! ,fr5* c\rt ! ,italian fea!r-fans1 9 g5]al use 9 ,italy at t p]iod2 ^! be+ made & sold by ! p]fum]s :o came 9 ! que5's ret9ue4 ,9 a half-l5g? engrav$ portrait 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ! que5 be>s a plum$ fan ) an elaborately ornam5t$ h&le g>ni%$ ) pe>ls2 9 ano!r portrait1 a plum$ fan ) a mirror 9 ! c5tre4 ,brantme records t1 ^u ! untimely dea? ( ! k+1 h] husb&1 ,ca!r9e caus$ to be put r\nd h] device#ih brok5 fans1 ) ! fea!rs fall+ to pieces & ! mirror crack$2#ii ?is 9 tok5 ( hav+ ab&on$ worldly frivolities4 ,9 a small oval engrav$ portrait 9 ! ,briti% ,museum collection1 ?is brok5 fan motif is introduc$ z =m+ a diap]$ bord]2 ! fans alt]nat$ ) twi/$ cords & scy!s4 ,x is n until ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,iii41 t we f9d ! fir/ au!ntic evid5ce ( ! use ( l'v5tail pliss2 fans 7 !n mu* 9 fa%ion1 &1 says ,h5ri ,e/i5ne1 #87 held s mu* 9 e/eem1 t1 n[ ! w9t] is come1 ! ladies _c give !m up1 b hav+ us$ !m 9 summ] to cool !mselves aga9/ ! heat ( ! sun1 !y make !m s]ve 9 w9t] aga9/ ! heat ( ! fire4'#ajj ,pi]re de l',e/oile1 9 8 ,isle des ,h]maphrodites1 #aehh1 gives u a detail$ acc\nt ( ! fan us$ by ?is effem9ate mon>*1 evid5tly "s =m ( cockade1 #8exp&+ & fold+ m]ely by a turn ( ! f+]s4' ,x 0 suffici5tly l>ge to be us$ also z a p>asol1 & s]v$ !re=e ! d\ble purpose ( cool+ ! air1 & pres]v+ ! delicate complexion ( ! k+4 ,! mat]ial 0 vellum1 cut z delicately z possible1 ) lace ar\nd ( simil> /uff4#aja #8,i c\ld see 9 ! o!r *amb]s1' cont9ues ?is au?or1 #8fans ( ! same mat]ial1 or ( taffetas1 ) bord]s ( gold & silv] lace4' ,?is art ( elaborate cutt+1 9 vellum1 pap]1 & o!r mat]ial1 01 z a matt] ( fact1 a fav\rite pa/ime ( ! p]iod2 x is said to h be5 indulg$ 9 by ! k+ himself1 & x may be tak5 t ?is me?od ( dc\p1 or dc\p 9 association ) o!r =ms ( ornam5tation1 0 employ$ 9 a l>ge numb] ( ! fans ( ?is epo*1 bo? ( ! cockade & semicircul> =m4 ,( ?is latt] type1 n[ beg9n+ to be ! vogue1 ! ,acton fan 9 ! ,muse de ,cluny is "o ( ! e>lie/ kn[n examples4 ,! leaf is ( p>*m5t1 cut 9 a s]ies ( slits ?r\gh :i* ! t5 /icks1 %ap$ to an ornam5tal pr(ile1 are ins]t$4 ,! vellum ar\nd ! /icks is pa9t$ to ! %ape ( arr[s2 ! spaces betwe5 are cut away1 to all[ ( ! ins]tion ( /rips ( mica1 ^u :i* are pa9t$ devices repres5t+ ,acton1 8 h\nds1 a /ag1 a swan1 etc4 ,! g5]al "* ( ! ornam5tation is t ( ! e>li] ,fr5* ,r5aissance2 ! date1 c4 #aehj4 ,! fan indu/ry 9 ,france _h become ( su* importance "u ,h5ry ,,iv41 t x 0 necess>y to regulate x by /atute2 c]ta9 concessions 7 !re=e grant$ 9 ,decemb] #aeid to ! sev]al bodies ( craftsm5 engag$ 9 ! art ( fan-mak+4 ,^! 7 confirm$1 & fre% regulations add$1 t[>ds #affd4 ,on a petition pres5t$ to ,l\is ,,xiv4 9 #afgc by ! ma/] fan-mak]s to ! numb] ( sixty1 !y 7 con/itut$ a corporate body by ! edict ( ,m>* #bcrd ( t ye>1 & _! privileges fur!r /r5g!n$ by edicts ( ,decemb] #afgf & ,janu>y & ,febru>y #afgh4 ,^! orda9$ t ! company %\ld be rul$ by f\r jurors1 two ( :om 7 re-nom9at$ e ye> 9 ,septemb] 9 an assembly at :i* e ma/] c\ld assi/ irrespectively4 ,no "o c\ld be a ma/] )\t hav+ s]v$ f\r ye>s' appr5tice%ip & hav+ produc$ a *ef-d'uvre4 ,nev]!less1 ! sons ( a ma/] 7 exempt f ! *ef-d'uvre z well z ! memb]s :o m>ri$ ! wid[s or daught]s ( ma/]s4 ,! wid[s enjoy$ ! privileges ( _! dep>t$ husb&s s long z !y rema9$ s+le4 ,!y c\ld n1 h[ev]1 engage new appr5tices4 ,! entrance fee 0 fix$ at f\r hundr$ livres4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by ,j4 ,l]oy ,cut ,vellum ,fan ) ins]tions ( mica1 pa9t$ ) subjects ( ,acton1 4c4 ivory /ick1 ,fr5*1 end ( ,,xvi4 c5tury4 ,muse de ,cluny4 ,9 #agec1 ! p]iod ( ! highe/ developm5t ( ! indu/ry1 !re 7 no less ?an "o hundr$ & fifty ma/] fan-mak]s 9 ,p>is1 & f a r>e book 7,j\rnal du ,citoy571 publi%$ at ! ,hague 9 #aged1 we le>n ! prices usually obta9$3 ,wood5 fans 7les v5tails de bois de paliss&re71 #f to #ah livres a doz52 fans 9 gilt wood 7bois d'or71 #i to #cf livres a doz52 ^? p>tly ( wood & p>tly ( ivory 7les mai/res br9s en yvoire et la gorge en os71 #bd to #gb livres a doz54 ,ivory fans1 #dh to #fj livres a doz52 o!rs m elaborate sold = #cj or #dj pi/oles apiece4 ,! fan-mak]s 7 unit$ ) ! wood-poli%]s & lute-mak]s by ! edict ( ,augu/ #aa?1 #aggf1 z 0 also ! pa9t+1 c>v+1 & v>ni%+ relative to ^! crafts4 ,! proportions ( ! fold$ fan h v>i$ consid]ably at diff]5t p]iods1 9 ob$i5ce to ! caprices ( fa%ion1 & ?is1 toge!r ) o!r features1 is a g5]al indication z to date4 ,an attempt is "h made1 by means ( a s]ies ( diagrams1 to =mulate1 f well-au!nticat$ examples1 a sy/em ( developm5t2 b ?is c only be accept$ 9 a g5]al way1 s9ce dur+ mo/ p]iods1 & especially dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury1 _m exceptions to ?is rule might be cit$4 ,dur+ ! la/ half ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 d\btless1 ! g5]al proportion ( ! fan 0 t ( a f\r? ( a circle4 ,alex4 ,fabri1 #aeic1 gives ! co/ume ( ! ,fr5* ladies ( 8 "t & ( old] date1 & obs]ves t ^! ladies held fans ( a qu>t] circle plisss4 ,vecellio1 #afjj1 gives fans ( a simil> proportion4 ,^! 7 bo? bris & leaf2 ! fans ( ,f]r>a1 decorat$ ) mica ins]tion1 7 also ( ?is %ape4 ,at ?is same p]iod1 fans 7 also made ( a slightly ext5d$ wid?1 ! ,acton fan ( ,cluny be+ an example4 ,illu/ration3 #aeej ,illu/ration3 #aeej-afbj ,illu/ration3 #afbj-afej ,illu/ration3 #affj-agjj ,illu/ration3 #afhj-agdj ,illu/ration3 #agbj-agfj ,illu/ration3 #aghj ,! wid? 0 gradually ext5d$ dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 until1 at ! close ( ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiii41 x _h atta9$ almo/ a full semicircle1 ! engrav$ fans ( ,abraham ,bosse be+ au!ntic in/ances4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ! ,gr& ,mon>que ! m\nt is deep1 ! %\ld]1 z a consequ5ce1 l[2 ! fan1 aft] a slight r$uction1 aga9 op5+ out to a full semicircle4 ,! blades1 :i* 9 ! fir/ half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury v>i$ 9 ,france f f\r to eighte51 _h increas$ by ! end ( ! c5tury to tw5ty-f\r or tw5ty-six1 ! numb] aga9 fall+ to betwe5 eighte5 to tw5ty-"o by ! middle ( ! succe$+ c5tury4 ,dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xv4 ! wid? ( ! fan 0 less5$1 be+ r$uc$ to "o-?ird ( a circle1 ! %\ld] be+ rais$ ab\t #agbj1 ?us leav+ less space = ! m\nt1 ! blades numb]+ eighte5 to tw5ty-two4 ,illu/ration3 ,cephalus ,aurora1 ,fr5*4 ,mrs ,bis*(f%eim4 ,illu/ration3 #8,v]nis ,m>t94' ,mrs ,f4 ,r4 ,palm]4 ,9 ! succe$+ reign 7,l\is ,,xvi47 ! fan once aga9 unfold$ itself to a full semicircle2 ! blades 7 ei!r /raight & n>r[1 ! incru/ations ( a correspond+ly retic5t "*1 or v broad1 %[+ no space betwe51 ! decorations extremely ornate2 _! numb] 9 ei!r in/ance v>y+ f twelve to sixte5 or eighte54 ,! above scale ( proportion is1 h[ev]1 by no means absolute2 we h fans ) high %\ld]s1 & correspond+ly %all[ m\nts dur+ ! p]iod ( ,l\is ,,xiv42 we also h1 dur+ ! same p]iod1 fans :i* op5 out only to ! ?ird ( a circle4 ,! size ( ! fold+-fan has also be5 subject to _m v>iations4 ,f ! p]iod ( its introduction x increas$ "u ,l\is ,,xiv41 fluctuat$ to ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & gradually less5$ its proportions to ! p]iod ( ! ,revolution & ,fir/ ,empire4 ,9 #agbi ! ,duc de ,ri*elieu writes3 #8,small fans h q gone out1 & ! newe/ are bigg] ?an ev]4 ,ladies are n[ nev] )\t !m1 summ] or w9t]4' ,f ! ,m]cure de ,france1 ,octob] #agcj1 we le>n t #8,_m fans are ( a v consid]able price & excessively l>ge1 s t "s little folks are n q twice ! height ( _! own fans1 a circum/ance :i* ought to fill ) a due s5se ( respect ! light & playful cavali]s4' ,?is cont9u$ dur+ ! hoop p]iod or second blossom+ ( ! :alebone petticoat1 :5 ! fan1 n to be outdone1 assum$ simil> va/ proportions1 & aga9 dw9dl$ to su* an ext5t t x acquir$ ! "n ( #8imp]ceptible4' ,ano!r important consid]ation 9 det]m9+ ! date ( a fan is 9 ! fact t ! /icks1 be+ ( a m endur+ sub/ance ?an ! m\nt1 h (t5 be5 rem\nt$ ) pa9t+s ( a lat] date2#ajb ! c>eful collector w1 !re=e1 9 select+ a specim51 consid] ! fan 9 all its v>i\s *>act]i/ics--! /yle ( ! pa9t+1 & ! g5]al "* ( its ornam5tation4 ,mr4 ,s4 ,r$grave1 9 8 catalogue ( ! fans exhibit$ at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahgj1 ref]s to ! difficulty 9 assign+ fans to ! c\ntry to :i* _! manufacture might be mo/ correctly attribut$3 #8,workm5 ( "o c\ntry h be5 tempt$ to ano!r2 ,*9ese c>v]s br\ght to ,europe2 p>ts ( fans 9 :i* a p>ticul> c\ntry has excell$ h be5 import$ to ano!r1 & us$ ) its native manufacture4 ,9 all cases1 novel ta/e1 approv$ by fa%ion1 has nev] fail$ to become ! object ( univ]sal imitation4' ,! art ( pa9t+ dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiii4 began to play a m important "p 9 ! decoration ( fans2 ! subject1 9 ! few examples exi/+ ( ?is epo*1 be+ usually enclos$ 9 a florid c>t\*e ) fe/oons ( fruit1 fl[]s1 amor9i1 etc41 z 9 ! ?ree engrav$ examples by ,abraham ,bosse1 :o 0 work+ 9 ,p>is at ?is p]iod4 ,inde$ x is extremely probable t ! publication ( ^! fans /rongly influ5c$ ! "* ( ! decoration ( fan m\nts2 x is m ?an possible t ,bosse himself pa9t$ fans1 s9ce he 0 pa9t] z well z engrav]1 al?\gh 8 pictures are extremely r>e4 ,! label1 #8v5tails de ,bosse1' appe>+ on ! box h&$ by ! m]*ant to ! lady 9 ! engrav+ #8,la ,gal]ie du ,palais1' may q conceivably ref] to pa9t$ z well z engrav$ fans4 ,illu/ration3 ,pa/orelle1 ) two portrait m$allions1 m\nt pap]1 /ick "m ( pe>l1 f9ely c>v$ ) m$allions c4 gilt4 ,fr5*4 c4 #aghj4 ,wyatt ,colln4 ,v4 ,a4 ,museum4 ,la ,gal]ie du ,palais1 besides =m+ ! subject ( ,bosse's engrav+1 suppli$ ,corneille ) ! motif ( "o ( 8 com$ies produc$ 9 #afcd4 #8,la ,gal]ie' 0 situat$ 9 ! mid/ ( ! city1 beside ! ,palais de ,ju/ice1 betwe5 ! two bran*es ( ! ,se9e1 & _h become1 at ! close ( ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,iv41 a #8lively & animat$ c5tre4' ,9 ! latt] ye>s ( ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiii4 x 01 z we le>n f ! explanatory v]ses at ! foot ( ,bosse's engrav+1 z also f ,corneille's com$y1 a place ( r5dezv\s =1 & assignations )1 ! beau-monde4 #8,icy faisant semblant d'a*et] devant t\s ,des g&s1 des v5tails1 du ruban1 des danteles2 ,les adroits ,c\rtisans se donn5t r5dez-v\s1 ,et p\r se faire aim]1 gallantis5t les ,belles4' ,x 0 furni%$ ) wood5 %ops 9 :i* 7 arrang$ objets de luxe1 new fa%ions1 *efs-d'uvres ( indu/ry1 laces1 & jewell]y4 ,! engrav+ %[s a m]c]'s %op ) a cavali] & lady exam9+ fans1 ^! objects be+ also expos$ to view 9 ! w9d[4 ,we h "h a g5u9e bit ( old ,p>is ( ! "t ( ,l\is ,,xiii41 & ?us obta9 a cle> idea ( :at ! ,p>is fan %ops 7 l at ?is epo*4 ,fans _h1 inde$1 at ?is p]iod obta9$ a firm hold ^u ! affections ( ! fair1 ?\gh n s firm z to preclude ! possibility ( a p[]ful rival4 ,! witty au?or ( ! l9es app5d$ to ,bosse's engrav+ ( ,summ]1 9 ! circul> composition ( ! f\r seasons1 a lady ) a fan1 accompani$ by a ,cupid be>+ a p>asol1 sugge/s t ! love-god himself w\ld be a bett] sub/itute = ! fan1 n only = cool+ ! heat$ *eek1 b also to assuage ! fire t burns )94 #8,qu'n v5tail dans la *aleur ,semble o/] de cette c\leur ,dont vtre te9t r\git encore2 ,v\s ressemblez presque a l'aurore ,a cause de cette r\geur ,mais dans cette simple d\leur ,qui semble aflig] vtre cur ,e/-ce t\t ce qui v\s honore ,qu'n v5tail8 ,*angez vi/e vtre maleur ,et sans me crre caioleur ,aimable ,phylis que j'adore ,croiez1 qu'au feu qui v\s deuore ,un home v\s s]vit meilleur ,qu'n v5tail4' ,au!nticat$ examples ( ,l\is ,,xiii4 fans are exce$+ly r>e4 ,9 ! ,jub9al collection at ,p>is is a sup]b fan pa9t$ on sk91 repres5t+ ! k+ play+ bl9d-man's buff ) ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! globe4 ,?is is design$ ^u ! same pr9ciple z ! ?ree engrav$ fans ( ,bosse above ref]r$ to1 i4e4 ! subject enclos$ 9 a l>ge & elaborate c>t\*e1 fill+ ! :ole field ( ! fan1 a sy/em ( decoration :i* la/$ well into ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,! ,c\ntess de ,beaussi] exhibit$ at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 9 #ahgj1 a m\nt ( vellum pa9t$ ) a l>ge m$allion or c>t\*e 9 ! c5tre1 ( lords & ladies ( ! c\rt ( ,france jo9+ 9 a dance 9 a p>k1 ! bord] enri*$ ) col\r$ ornam5t 9 ! /yle ( ! p]iod4 ,dur+ ! e>li] "p ( ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiii41 ,anne ( ,au/ria1 8 que51 introduc$ _m ,spani% fa%ions into ,france1 among/ !m be+ fans4 ,x is record$ ( ?is pr9cess t1 dur+ a conf]5ce ) ,ri*elieu1 "s kitt5s amus$ !mselves ) ! ribbons ( h] fan :i* _h be5 left on a table 9 ! ante*amb]2 f ?is circum/ance ! ribbons acquir$ ! "n ( ,bad9s 7playful74#ajc ,x 0 f a simil> light incid5t t1 lat]1 at ! "t ( ! unpopul>ity ( ,maz>91 ! fan became a means ( express+ political intrigue4 ,/raw 0 adopt$ z ! rally+ sign ( ! ,frondeurs1 :o1 aft] ! victory 9 ,p>is1 wore x 9 _! hats & button-holes4 ,illu/ration3 ,hector ,&roma*e1 aft] ,coypel1 ,fr5*1 g\a*e on sk9 /ick ivory f9ely c>v$ ) an ea/]n subject1 gu>ds set ) plaques ( agate1 pa/e jewels2 a wat* at rivet4 ,! ,d[ag] ,m>*ioness ( ,bri/ol4 #8,if )\t /raw a man 0 se51 ,/rike him d[n6 0 ! g5]al scream1 ,= #8tis b a dog ( a ,maz>9e4' ,a great cr[d 0 applaud+ ! k+ & pr9cess 9 ! great alle1 & cry+ out aga9/ ,maz>94 ,mademoiselle _h appe>$ hold+ a fan z %e walk$1 to :i* 0 atta*$ a b\quet ( /raw b\nd ) blue ribbon4 ,/raw also =m$ "p ( ! decoration ( fans1 bo? at ?is p]iod & lat]4 ,! patt]n ( leaves1 fl[]s1 fruits1 or conv5tional ornam5t1 0 cut 9 v>i\s col\r$ /raws & appli$4 ,! h&some fan 9 ! possession ( ,lady ,bri/ol1 ) ! subject ( ,hector & ,&roma*e1 aft] ,anto9e ,coypel1 belong+1 h[ev]1 to a lat] p]iod1 is decorat$ at ! sides ) col\r$ /raw-"w4 ,?is mat]ial 0 ev5 employ$ 9 ! decoration ( ! /ick 9 ! =m ( inlay ^u ivory & o!r sub/ance2 an example occurs 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,messel4 ,?is also ( a mu* lat] p]iod4 ,d',alemb]t1 9 8 ,rflexions et ,anecdotes sur la ,re9e de ,sude1 rec\nts h[ ! irascible1 fi]ce1 & rail+ daught] ( ,gu/avus ,adolphus f\nd h]self at ! c\rt ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 :5 ! fa%ion ( fans 0 g5]al 7#afef-afeg74 ,consult$ by a fair ,fr5*woman z to :e!r %e %\ld ply h] fan ev5 dur+ ! w9ds ( w9t]1 ,*ri/9a repli$ t ! lady might fan h]self or n1 z %e pleas$2 ei!r way %e w\ld be a /raw bl[n ab\t by ! w9d4 ,^u ?is1 ! c\rt dames1 nettl$ at ! rude reply ( ! haughty mi/ress ( ,monaldes*i1 "o & all arm$ !mselves ) fans1 & wav$ !m furi\sly :5ev] ! que5 0 pres5t1 by way ( exhibit+ a :olesome ,fr5* contempt = nor!rn b>b>ism4#ajd ,?is circum/ance l$ to ! adoption ( fans ( a ri*] & m ornate description4 ,fa%ion ha/5$ to make ! toy wor?y ( figur+ 9 gr& adornm5t2 ! ord9>y wood ( ! /ick 0 replac$ by o!r supports ( a m preci\s mat]ial1 ) incru/ations ( gold1 silv]1 enamel1 & jewels4 ,m capable arti/s 7 employ$ = ! execution ( ! m\nts2 ! v5tailli/es le>nt f ! ,italians to d]ive _! inspiration f ! great ma/]s ( _! s*ool4 ,! decoration ( ! fan-leaves1 !re=e1 acquir$ some?+ ( ! suavity1 graci\sness1 & c\rtl9ess associat$ ) ! "w ( ! pa9t]s ( ! ,gr& ,sicle4 ,x 01 d\btless1 "s su* fan1 "s en*ant+ rem9isc5ce ( ! da9ty #8putti' ( ,p\ss91 t ,madame de ,svign s5t to h] daught]1 ,madame de ,grignan4--#8,! ,*evali] de ,bu\s br+s y a fan1 :i* ,i ?9k v pretty3 !y are n little loves ^u x1 = )\t d\bt !y are little *imney-sweeps1 ! mo/ *>m+ little sweeps 9 ! _w4'#aje ,two fans are kn[n ( ! beg9n+ ( ! reign ( ! ,gr& ,mon>que4 ,"o1 ( :i* only ! feuille is pres]v$1 is 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,ros5b]g1 ( ,k>lsruhe1 ! o!r 9 ! ,s*reib] collection1 ,briti% ,museum4 ,! =m] is pa9t$ 9 g\a*e on swan sk91 & repres5ts ! sign+ ( ! m>riage contract betwe5 ,l\is ,,xiv4 & ,m>ia ,!resa1 :i* ev5t took place at ,/4 ,jean de ,luz on ! ,spani% fronti] 9 #affj4 ,! k+ & que5 are seat$ be=e a table 9 ! c5tre1 ! c\rti]s /&+ 9 a semicircle1 ! m5 9 _! fur-trimm$ robes1 ! ladies all be>+ fans2 an (ficial 9 ! =egr\nd is read+ al\d ! m>riage contract4 ,! patt]n ( ! c>pet is seiz$ ^u z a decorative motif1 & =ms a diap]$ gr\ndwork to ! composition aft] ! mann] ( ! e>li] m9iaturi/s4 ,?is truly magnific5t m\nt betrays no evid5ce ( ! ,italian influ5ce2 no sugge/ion ( #8le premi] pe9tre du ,roi1'#ajf b entirely rem9isc5t ( ! great traditional ,fr5* /yle4 ,x is1 moreov]1 an orig9al production1 r ?an1 z is ! case ( s _m fan leaves1 a m]e transcription ( ! "w ( ! great] arti/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,battoir ,fan1 leaf pap]1 pa9t$ ) m$allions ref]r+ to ! m>riage ( ! ,dauph9 ) ,m>ia ,!resa ( ,spa91 /ick gu>ds ivory f9ely c>v$ gilt1 be>+ ! fleurs-de-lys ( ,france arms ( ,nav>re4 #ah-a_/b #i-a_/b4 ,! ,d[ag] ,m>*ioness ( ,bri/ol4 ,9 ! ,s*reib] fan leaf1 ! k+ & que5 are seat$ "u a canopy1 a ,cupid above be>+ a rose g>l& & palm bran*4 ,! ladies ( ! c\rt1 all hold+ fans1 are seat$ ar\nd 9 a semicircle1 & on ! "r ,cupids prep>e ! nuptial c\*4 ,?is leaf1 :i* has be5 mu* repa9t$1 is 9 g\a*e on pap]1 ) gild+ 9 places2 x has be5 remov$ f ! m\nt & pa/$ on an oak panel4 ,on a lat] fan1 ! k+ is repres5t$ z ,phbus desc5d+ f 8 *>iot1 hold+ 9 8 h& ! mirror ( tru? to ! assembl$ c\rt beauties1 on ^: c\nt5ances fe>1 al>m1 & d\bt appe>4 ,a figure on ! "r 7,l\ise de la ,vallire7 op5s h] arms eag]ly to receive him4 ,! k+ also appe>s z ,endymion sleep+ on ,m\nt ,latmos4 ,la ,vallire1 9 ! "* ( ,diana1 is alight+ f h] *>iot & contemplat+ ! beautiful %eph]d4 ,a figure ( ,spr+ scatt]s fl[]s4 ,9 ! backgr\nd two att5dants ( ! goddess2 c4 #affj4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,walk] 9 8 sale catalogue 7#ahhb7 sugge/s t ^! two fans1 ! /icks ( :i* h p]i%$ & h be5 replac$ by ^? ( old ,engli% workman%ip1 7 pa9t$ = ! ,du*ess de la ,vallire 9 ! e>ly "t ( h] att5dance at ! c\rt ( ,anne ( ,au/ria4 ,%e is said to h =m$ a real & virtu\s atta*m5t to ! k+4 ,a fan m\nt 9 ! ,s*reib] collection1 also belong+ to ! e>li] ye>s ( ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 has = its subject ! #8,lov]s' ,ag5cy ,bureau4' ,9 ! mid/ ( a semicircul> temple1 on an isl& surr\nd$ by a fl[]$ bord]1 is a gold5 /atue ( ,cupid seat$ ^u a globe1 be>+ a bann] inscrib$1 #8,l',am\r ,avec ces traits ,veut bless] t\t ,le monde4 ,je ,reigne dans les sieux ,sur la t]re et ,sur londe4' ,cupids are seat$ at a table cov]$ ) gre5 clo?1 s]v+ amor\s c\ples ) tablets inscrib$1 #8,cong ,p\r ,un ,amant ,con/ant3 ,cong ,p\r ,un ,fidelle'2 #8,cong p\r ,la ,belle ,iris4' ,9 front ( ! table a ,cupid is seat$ on a l>ge crimson cu%ion1 hold+ a scroll inscrib$1 #8,le ,directeur ,du ,bureau ,d'am\r4' ,two figures are kneel+ at ! end ( ! table1 ! "o hold+ a purse1 ! o!r a scroll inscrib$1 #8,contract ,de ,con/itution ,de ,r5te4' ,9 ! =egr\nd on ei!r side are c\ples :o h m>ri$ = money--a "y man hold+ a purse is accompani$ by an eld]ly woman1 & an old man :o supports himself on a crut*1 accompani$ by a "y woman1 is c>ry+ a box labell$ #8,bij\t]i'2 9 bo? in/ances a ,cupid foll[s !m ) a rod = puni%m5t4 ,ar\nd ! isl& are moor$ %ips ) bann]s inscrib$1 #8,v\s qui *]*ez ,d'un ,am\reux ,desir1' etc4 ,! fan leaf has be5 pa/$ on an oval panel & repa9t$ to complete ! %ape4 ,! f9e v>ni%1 celebrat$ 9 ! v]se ( ,voltaire1#ajg :i* has become associat$ ) ! "n ( ,m>t91 0 n1 prop]ly speak+1 a new inv5tion1 b r a fre% application ( an old me?od4 ,attempts _h be5 made dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 to imitate ! lacqu]s ( ,japan1 & ! process 0 fir/ appli$ to furniture4 ,9 an inv5tory ( ! effects ( ,molire we read ( a #8small cab9et ) ,*9ese v>ni%1' & ( #8two dice-boxes ( wood1 v>ni%$ aft] ! ,*9ese fa%ion4' ,?is 0 ! p]iod :5 ! arti/ic products ( ! ,ea/ 7 s mu* ex]cis+ ! m9ds ( ,european craftsm51 z a consequ5ce ( ! op5+ up ( ,*9a & ,japan to we/]n trad]s4 ,! f\r bro!rs ,m>t91 ,william1 ,simon-ti5ne1 ,juli51 & ,rob]t1 coa*-pa9t]s1 sons ( a tailor ( ! ,faub\rg ,sa9t-,anto9e1 9 apply+ !mselves to ! task ( imitat+ ! processes ( ,ori5tal lacqu]1 by a =tunate accid5t develop$ a me?od admirably suit$ to ! decoration ( fans1 :i*1 9 spite ( _m attempts to imitate1 has nev] s9ce be5 rivall$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fte ,*amptre1 #8,v]nis ,m>t9' c4#agcj4 ,wyatt ,colln41 ,v4 ,a4 ,museum4 ,two concessions 7 obta9$--^? ( ,novemb] #bg1 #agcj1 & ,febru>y #ah1 #agdd1 p]mitt+ ! eld] ,m>t91 = ! space ( tw5ty ye>s1 to execute all sorts ( works 9 relief aft] ! mann] ( ! ,*9ese & ,japanese4 ,an adv]tisem5t 9 ,le ,m]cure1 :i* appe>$ dur+ ! ye> #agbd1 recomm5ds to ! curi\s ! f9e productions 9 ,*9ese & ,japanese v>ni%1 ( ?is #8excell5t & unique craftsman :o imitates & (t5 surpasses 8 models4'#ajh ,9 #agcb a fre% ann\ncem5t is made 9 ! same j\rnal to ! effect t #8,le ,sieur ,m>t9 ! eld]1 :o may be said to h consid]ably enri*$ ! beaux-arts 9 ,europe by imitat+ & ev5 surpass+ 9 _m respects ! beautiful v>ni%es & reliefs ( ,*9a & ,japan1 gives notice to ! public t he und]takes panels1 friezes1 ceil+s1 c>riages1 etc41 9 spl5did v>ni%+s4' ,?is v>ni%1 ) its brilliant transluc5cy1 & its rem>kable immunity f crack+1 0 appli$ ov] pa9t+ done 9 ! ord9>y oil me?od1 ! pa9t+ be+ necess>ily ?91 almo/ to transp>5cy1 ! mat]ial ( ! fan usually ivory4 ,! decoration consi/s ( ei!r a s+le subject cov]+ ! :ole field ( ! fan1 or a sy/em ( "o1 ?ree1 or _m c>t\*es1 occasionally z _m z tw5ty m9iatures1 enclos$ 9 an ornam5tal sett+1 made up ( a curi\s mixture ( ,*9ese diap]$ patt]ns1 semi-naturali/ic semi-,p]sian ornam5t1 ,italian arabesques1 & ,fr5* ornam5t ( ! "* ) :i* we are famili> 9 ,r\5 w>e4 ,! gu>ds are 9 mo/ in/ances decorat$ ) m9iatures1 usually two sup]ior & two inf]ior1 divid$ by ornam5tal bord]s or arabesques4 ,on ! h&le end ( ! fan1 i4e4 ! small] semicircle1 are ei!r "o1 ?ree1 or m m9iatures1 (t5 imitation ,*9ese subjects3 ^!1 9 "s in/ances1 are 9 self-col\r1 z p9k1 r$1 or blue4 ,! gild+ is bo? 9 leaf & pa9t$1 usually work$ ov] ) a patt]n 9 r$ or br[n4 ,! figure-pa9t+ is 9 no in/ance by a ma/]-h&1 i4e4 by an arti/ ( ! fir/ calibre1 b by skill$ workm51 or artific]s1 d]iv+ _! inspiration f outside s\rces4 ,! subjects ) :i* ^! fans 7 decorat$ embrace e class4 ,?us we h repres5tations ( anci5t hi/ory1 bo? sacr$ & pr(ane1 subjects :i* record$ important curr5t ev5ts1 subjects fanciful ( almo/ e description4 ,t ( ! #8,rape ( ,hel5' occurs (t52 ! f9e fan 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,ros5b]g ( ,k>lsruhe has ?is subject = its pr9cipal m$allion1 ! /yle recall+ ,le ,brun1 ) sixte5 small] subjects f classic my?ology1 ^! divid$ by a gold b&4 ,also 9 ! beautiful example 9 ! possession ( ,lady ,l9dsay ?is same subject is treat$1 ?\gh 9 a v diff]5t mann]4 7,illu/rat$ fac+ p4 #cj47 ,9 ! cab9et ( ,madame ,riant is ! #8,judgm5t ( ,p>is1' ! subject en c>t\*e1 ) small] c>t\*es 9 ! ,*9ese ta/e4 ,probably "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ^! #8,v]nis ,m>t9' fans 7ivory bris fans _h be5 pa9t$ e>li]1 dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury7 is ! bridal-fan ( ! ,du*ess ( ,burgundy1 ,adelaide ( ,savoy1 "m ( ,l\is ,,xv4 ,! subject repres5ts ! ftes at ,v]sailles on ! occasion ( ! m>riage ( ! gr&son ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 9 #agji4 ,on ! obv]se ! bride appe>s seat$ ^u a dais ) att5dants be>+ floral (f]+s4 ,9 ! c5tre ! k+ dances a m9uet ) ,madame de ,ma9t5on1 #8ma tante1' z ! dauph9 ende>+ly call$ h]4 ,o!r danc+ figures1 musicians1 etc41 complete ! composition1 :i* is enclos$ 9 a l>ge c>t\*e ( fruits1 masks1 in/rum5ts1 etc42 on ! field ( ! fan are repres5tations ( c\ntry life4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,rape ( ,hel51 #8,v]nis ,m>t9'1 c4 #agde4 ,lady ,nor?cliffe4 ,on ! l[] semicircle1 en c>t\*e1 ! bride aga9 appe>s play+ a guit>1 ! rema9+ space be+ occupi$ by subjects ( a ,*9ese "*4 ,on ! rev]se we h a repres5tation ( ! ftes 9 ! palace g>d5s1 ) sc5es f ! life ( ! pr9ce--z pupil ( ,fnelon1 & z lov]2 m9iatures ( ! pr9ce & pr9cess appe> on ! pana*es4 ,?is important fan has be5 attribut$ to ! p5cil ( ,watteau1 b ) small gr\nds1 be+ q unlike ! "* ( ,watteau's "w except 9 ! type ( "s ( ! figures repres5t$4 ,! example :i* =m$ "p ( ! royal collection at ,w9dsor ,ca/le is s well kn[n t x sc>cely ne$s description "h4 ,x consi/s ( a l>ge numb] ( c>t\*es ( classical & pa/oral subjects divid$ by gold bord]+s4 ,x =m]ly belong$ to ,m>ie-,anto9ette1 & 0 procur$ = ,h] ,maje/y ,que5 ,victoria by ! ,que5 ( ! ,belgians4 ,! fan repres5t+ ! #8,toilette ( ,madame la ,m>quise de ,montespan1' & #8! ,prom5ade1' 9 ! possession ( ! ,c\ntess ,du*tel1 has become hi/oric4 ,x 0 s5t by ,madame de ,svign to h] daught]1 ,madame de ,grignan1 & is ?us ref]r$ to 9 h] #adi? lett]3 #8,my fan has !n become mo/ useful1 d\btless4 ,d y n ?9k x beautiful8 ,alas1 :at a bagatelle6 ,y w\ld n take away f me ?is small pleasure :5 occasion pres5ts itself--y w\ld ?ank me = t pleasure1 al?\gh x is a m]e no?+4' ,we are enabl$1 by ! c\rtesy ( ,mr4 ,leopold de ,ro?s*ild1 to illu/rate 7fac+ p4 #adb7 "o ( ! be/-pres]v$ examples ( ?is int]e/+ type ( fan4 ,! subject repres5ts a company ( musicians 9 a g>d51 ) trellis$ backgr\nd & f\nta92 on ! l[] c>t\*e a classical l&scape2 on ! pana*es are figures ( ,h>lequ91 ,pi]rot1 etc41 ! ornam5tal portions be+ pa9t$ ) ! mo/ m9ute f9i%4 ,^u ! dea? ( ! eld] ,m>t9 9 #agdi1 8 wid[ associat$ h]self ) h] bro!r-9-law1 ,juli5 ,m>t91 :o 0 acqua9t$ ) ! secrets ( ?is v>ni% & me?od4 ,! /udio at ! entrance to ! ,faub\rg ,sa9t-,d5is1 !re=e1 did n cease to prosp]1 & production w5t on until #ageh4 ,?is at lea/ we le>n ( ! engrav] ,pasqui]1 & x seems to u t ! mo/ successful v>ni%es are ! e>lie/ 9 date--^? :i* appe> to h be5 produc$ #agbj-agde4aji ,! =ego+ quotation ref]s to ,m>t9's productions g5]ally1 b is equally applicable to ! fan1 & x is probable t al?\gh a few isolat$ examples ( ^! delicate objects may h be5 produc$ dur+ ! latt] ye>s ( ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 production did n become v g5]al until lat] 9 ! lifetime ( ,m>t9 ! eld]1 :o subsequ5tly receiv$ ! title ( #8,v]nisseur du roi4' ,! "q z to :e!r ! bro!rs ,m>t9 !mselves pa9t$ _! fans1 or to :at ext5t !y 7 indebt$ to outside assi/ance1 op5s up an int]e/+ field ( inquiry4 ,! ord] ( _! production1 also1 pres5ts consid]able difficulties4 ,9 "s cases1 z t ( ! bridal-fan ( ! ,duke ( ,burgundy1 ! ev5t itself det]m9es ! date2 9 ! majority ( in/ances1 h[ev]1 ! subject af=ds no clue1 & any conclusions =m$ are necess>ily m or less speculative & problematical4 ,! natural ord] ( decorative developm5t is f simplicity to complexity 9 bo? arrangem5t & detail2 x is !re=e reasonable to assume t ! e>li] examples are ^? display+ a c]ta9 sev]ity & retic5ce ( /yle & me?od1 & a simple arrangem5t ( ei!r "o or b few subjects1 & t ! lat] fans are ^? exhibit+ a pr(usion ( m$allions ( v>i\s sizes1 divid$ by gold b&s4 ,! v>iety 9 ! /yle1 mann]1 & h&l+1 ( ! subjects depict$ on ^! fans1 to say no?+ ( ! numb] extant1 ( itself disposes ( ! !ory t !y 7 all ! "w ( ! bro!rs1 b 9 any case !y mu/ be cr$it$ ) ! orig9al conception ( a /yle & me?od ( decoration :i*1 al?\gh x w sc>cely be> se>*+ analysis if judg$ f ! /&po9t ( /rict decorative pr9ciples1 is fre%1 piquant1 & unique4 ,illu/ration3 ,bel%azz>'s ,fea/1 #8,v]nis ,m>t94' ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new ,york4 ,to return to pleat$ fans4 ,9 ! ,franks collection appe>$ an example ) ! leaf ( pap] f9ely pa9t$ 9 g\a*e1 ) ! betro?al ( ,l\is ,,xv4 ) ,m>ie ,lecz9ska1 & on ! rev]se a pa/oral sc5e4 ,! br9s & pana*es are ( :ite pe>l1 ri*ly ornam5t$ ) c>v$ m$allions ( figures1 portraits1 h]aldry1 & scroll-"w 9 diff]5t col\r$ gold foils4 ,?is fan belong$ to ,m>ie1 que5 ( ,l\is ,,xv4 ,! bridal-fan ( ,m>ie ,lecz9ska has a sk9 m\nt1 ! subject repres5t+ ! k+ & 8 bride elect1 att5d$ by ,c>d9al ,fleury 9 lay habit1 br++ (f]+s ( fl[]s to ! alt> ( ,hym52 a dog 7emblem ( fidelity7 sits beside ! k+4 ,9 ! =egr\nd on ei!r side are gr\ps 9 rural "*2 on ! rev]se1 :i* is ( pap]1 is a pa/orelle 9 :i* ! royal c\ple aga9 appe>4 ,! br9s & pana*es are ( "m-(-pe>l1 ri*ly c>v$ ) a c5tre m$allion repres5t+ ! que5 z ,v5us desc5d+ f h] *>iot1 receiv+ ! homage ( ,m>s4 ,cupids1 h]aldic devices1 fleurs de lys1 & a small m$allion ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 complete ! design1 :i* is enri*$ ) v>iegat$ gild+4 ,! symbolical m>riage ( ,l\is ,,xv4 ) ,m>ie ,lecz9ska on ,m\nt ,olympus is depict$ on a f9e m\nt ( vellum 9 ! possession ( ,m4 ,vois91 ) portraits ( ! k+ & pr9cess surr\nd$ by ,g5ii2 figures ( ,jupit]1 ,juno1 & ,apollo en c>t\*e1 musicians1 etc41 9 rose camaeu1 surr\nd$ by ! arms ( ,france & ,pol&2 ! rev]se1 a figure subject 9 blue camaeu on silv] gr\nd4 ,/ick1 #8,v]nis ,m>t9' on ivory2 gu>ds1 incru/ations ( "m-(-pe>l4 ,! fan 9 ! collection ( ! ,d[ag]-,m>*ioness ( ,bri/ol ref]s to ! improvem5ts made 9 ,p>is dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xv42 x %[s 9 ! di/ance ! f9e squ>e 7,place de ,l\is ,,xv47 :i* adjo9$ ! ,palace ( ! ,tuil]ies1 ) ! bronze eque/rian /atue ( ! k+ on a p$e/al support$ by f\r /atues repres5t+ ,/r5g?1 ,peace1 ,prud5ce1 & ,ju/ice4 ,! gr\p1 de/roy$ dur+ ! ,revolution1 gave occasion to ! foll[+ epigram3 #8,o la belle ,/atue6 ,o le beau pide/al6 ,les v]tus sont pi$1 le vice e/ *eval6' ,! k+1 att5d$ by ,m9]va1 :o holds h] gis ov] 8 head1 is giv+ directions z to ! build+ to a kneel+ figure ^: cloak & %ield are ornam5t$ ) ! fleurs de lys ( ,france4 ,a seat$ w+$ g5ius is hold+ a l>ge op5 book1 ,cupids are play+ musical in/rum5ts & support+ a trophy ( arms & a m$allion portrait ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,! squ>e w rema9 = ev] memorable z ! sc5e ( ! execution ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 ,x 0 r5am$ ,place de la ,rvolution4 ,! /ick is ( ivory1 c>v$ ) allegorical subjects1 v>iegat$ gold enri*m5ts1 ! imbricat$ ornam5t pa9t$ blue1 ! gu>ds inlaid ) "m-(-pe>l2 on ! rev]se a t5t1 ) soldi]s dr9k+ & smok+ at a table4 ,jewell$ p94 ,( ! fans ref]r+ to ! c\rt%ip & m>riage ( ! dauph9 7son ( ,l\is ,,xv47 we h ! royal c\rt%ips 9 two m$allions on ei!r side ( ! sun 9 full spl5d\r 7emblem ( ! k+71 decorat$ ) spangles2 ! m\nt ( sk91 ! /ick ivory1 c>v$ 9 op5 "w ) appropriate figures4 ,9 ! c5tre c>t\*e ( ano!r fan1 simil> 9 treatm5t & evid5tly by ! same h&1 ! dauph9 & dauph9e br+ floral (f]+s to ,hym51 ! field ( ! fan be+ occupi$ by two small] m$allions ( ,cupids1 m9iatures ( ! royal pair1 & m>riage emblems at int]vals1 ! c>t\*es connect$ by spangles2 ! /ick ivory1 c>v$ 9 op5 "w ) figures emblematic ( ! m>riage4 ,illu/ration3 ,build+ ( ! ,place ,l\is ,,xv4 ,! ,d[ag] ,m>*ioness ( ,bri/ol4 ,illu/ration3 ,dido neas1 ,l\is ,,xv1 g\a*e on sk91 /ick "m ( pe>l c>v$ j\r1 pa9t$ gilt1 #bb-a_/b x #aa-a_/b4 ,mrs ,bis*(f%eim4 ,illu/ration3 ,dido neas4 7rev]se7 ,mrs ,bis*(f%eim4 ,! m>riage ( ! dauph9 ) ,m>ia ,!resa ( ,spa9 7#agde71 or 8 second wife1 ,pr9cess ,m>ia ,josephe de ,saxe1 is record$ on a magnific5t m\nt repres5t+ ! int]ior ( a *apel1 ) ! bride & bridegroom on a rais$ dais1 a c>d9al p]=m+ ! c]emony4 ,^! ?ree fans appe>$ 9 ! ,walk] sale ( #ahhb4 ,! ,battoir fan 7illu/rat$ fac+ p4 #aed7 w\ld appe> to ref] to ?is ,spani% m>riage2 x is c]ta9ly a m>riage fan4 ,! feuille ( pap] is decorat$ ) eight v>i\sly %ap$ m$allions4 ,9 ! c5tre ! bride1 :o be>s a suffici5t resemblance to ! engrav$ portraits ( ,m>ia ,!resa1 is tak+ tea2 also a he>t-%ap$ composition ) two figures kneel+ at ! alt> ( ,love1 ,fa!r ,"t 9 ! di/ance2 a lov] (f]+ a b\quet to a lady1 etc4 ,! admirably design$ /ick & gu>ds are ( ivory1 c>v$ & gilt1 decorat$ ) emblematic figures1 amor9i1 trophies ( musical in/rum5ts1 etc41 be>+ ! fleurs de lys ( ,france & ! arms ( ,spa94 ,! magnific5t fan 9 ! possession ( ,mrs4 ,bis*(f%eim reflects ! g5]al int]e/ tak5 9 ! classics dur+ ! e>li] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,dryd5's ,engli% translation ( ,virgil 0 giv5 to ! _w 9 #afig1 & ! ,lat9 edition ( ,p4 ,masvicius1 ,leov>diae1 #agag1 conta9$ ! comm5t>ies ( ,s]vius1 ,phil>gyrius1 & ,pi]ius4 ,! fan belongs to ! e>li] ye>s ( ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xv41 & illu/rates ! /ory unfold$ 9 ! fir/ book ( ! neid4 ,on ! rev]se ! /orm rais$ by olus at ! bidd+ ( ,juno1 a rock 9 ! =egr\nd be+ inscrib$ #8,naufrage d'ne'3 & ! meet+ ( ,v5us & neas4 ,on ! obv]se ! banquet3 #8,embroid]$ cov]lets ,are laid1 & gorge\s purple2 & ! bo>ds ,groan ) ! massive silv]4' ,! love-god1 9 ! guise ( ! boy ,ascanius1 is pres5t$ to ,dido3 ,he--aft] he has clasp$ neas' neck ,9 fond embrace1 & s has satisfi$ ,! doat+ love ( 8 pret5d$ sire-- ,turns to ! ,que54 ,h] eyes & all h] s\l ,%e fixes on him2 yea1 & 9 h] lap ,at times %e fondles him--unhappy ,dido-- ,n kn[+ h[ great a god is ne/l+ !re6'#aaj ,! s-call$ #8,cabriolet' fan1 introduc$ dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xv41 repres5ts a new & int]e/+ developm5t4 ,9 ?is ! m\nt is divid$ into two p>ts1 sup]ior & inf]ior1 ! latt] be+ half-way up ! /ick1 ! =m] 9 its usual place at ! top2 ! int]v5+ space imp>t+ a lightness & ri*ness to ! fan n obta9able by o!r means1 ! m\nt /ill af=d+ a suffici5cy ( space = decoration on a less ext5d$ scale4 ,?is usually consi/s ( ,p>isian sc5es--p]sons driv+ 9 cabriolets1 or prom5ad+1 ei!r pa9t$ or engrav$ z ! case may be1 s9ce bo? processes 7 adopt$4 ,! cabriolet1 introduc$ by ,josiah ,*ild 9 #agee1 0 a light two-:eel$ c>riage :i* obta9$ great popul>ity 9 ,p>is4 ,horace ,walpole1 writ+ to 8 fri5d ,mann 9 ! same ye>1 says3 #8,all we he> f ,france is1 t a new madcap reigns !re1 z /rong z t ( ,pant9s 04#aaa ,?is is la fureur de cabriolets1 ,anglic "o-horse *airs1 a mode introduc$ by ,mr4 ,*ild4 ,ev]y?+ is to be en cabriolet2 ! m5 pa9t !m on _! wai/coats1 h !m embroid]$ = clocks to _! /ock+s1 & ! wom51 :o h gone all ! w9t] )\t any?+ on _! heads1 are n[ muffl$ up 9 great caps1 ) r\nd sides1 9 ! =m (1 & sc>ce less ?an1 ! :eels ( *aises4' ,two v>ieties ( ^! r>e fans appe> 9 diff]5t collections2 a l>g] & ri*] fan measur+ "s tw5ty in*es & op5+ out to a little m ?an a ?ird ( a circle1 ! /icks numb]+ tw5ty-"o1 includ+ ! pana*es2 ano!r ab\t an in* small]1 ) less c>v+ on ! /icks1 & made at a lat] date4 ,illu/ration3 #8,cabriolet' ,fan1 /ick ivory1 pa9t$1 leaf pap]4 ,lady ,nor?cliffe4 ,illu/ration3 #8,cabriolet' ,fan1 /ick ivory1 f9ely c>v$1 pa9t$ gilt4 ,! ,d[ag] ,m>*ioness ( ,bri/ol4 ,illu/ration3 #8,cabriolet' ,fan1 /ick ivory1 c>v$ & pa9t$4 ,! ,d[ag] ,m>*ioness ( ,bri/ol4 ,! f9e example illu/rat$ f ! collection ( ,lady ,bri/ol has n9e cabriolets1 two on ! l>g] & ?ree on ! small] pap] m\nts1 two on ! br9s1 & two on ! pana*es4 ,! upp] portion ( ! ivory /ick is c>v$ ) ?ree s]ies ( ?ree figures enclos$ 9 an ornam5tal sett+1 & "o on ea* pana*e1 ) #8goldfi%' inlay4 ,! l[] portion has two l>ge c>t\*es ( figure subjects also ) #8goldfi%' inlay1 & a small] "o pa9t$1 ! :ole ( ! /ick elaborately pa9t$ & gilt4 ,a simil> fan is 9 ! possession ( ! ,comtesse de ,*ambrun1 ,p>is1 & 0 exhibit$ at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahgj4 ,two examples ( ! small] v>iety are giv5 f ! collections ( ,lady ,nor?cliffe & ,lady ,bri/ol1 simil> 9 g5]al "*1 b pres5t+ slight diff]5ces 9 detail4 ,on ea* ( ^! fans only "o cabriolet appe>s1 pa9t$ decoration tak+ ! place ( ! ri* c>v+ & gild+ on ! /ick ( ! l>g] fan4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xv4 ! fan indu/ry suff]$ a tempor>y relapse3 ! fa%ion = ! *eap] pr9t$ fans1 & also = ! importations f ! ,ea/1 spread ev5 to ! ari/ocrats4 ,we read ( a fa%ionable jewell] at ?is p]iod und]tak+ to supply to ,la ,pompad\r a doz5 fans direct f ,nank9 = ! insignificant sum ( sev5ty-two livres4 ,an int]e/+ design = a fan 9 ! ,h5n9 collection 7,biblio?que ,nationale7 is probably int5d$ z an ef=t to revive int]e/ 9 ! m exp5sive fans1#aab & is inscrib$1 #8,combat du t]rible torreau reprs5t p> des enfants en prs5ce de ,sa ,maje/ ,l\is ,,xv41 roi de ,france et de ,nav>re4' ,?is 0 a spectacle devis$ = ! k+'s amusem5t 9 #agfj4 ,9 an enclosure1 a bull-fight1 9 :i* ! actors are *ildr51 is tak+ place be=e a l>ge conc\rse ( spectators1 includ+ ! k+ & que52 on ! left are trumpet]s & o!r figures1 on ! "r is a figure hold+ ?ree h\nds 9 lea%4 ,la ,pompad\r is glorifi$ on a sk9 m\nt 9 ! collection ( ,mrs4 ,bruce ,john/on2 ! subject be+ #8hommages' (f]$ by ,*ur*1 ,/ate1 ,lit]ature1 ,art & ,music at ! alt> ( madame1 :o appe>s z ,v5us seat$ on a rais$ ?rone 9 ! c5tre ( ! composition1 h] c> & doves 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,a ,cupid /rikes at h] bosom ) 8 arr[1 o!rs dance to ! music ( a m&ol9e1 :ile ano!r1 cr[n$ ) a laurel wrea?1 rides on ! back ( ! ,fr5* ,eagle4 ,?is 0 probably pa9t$ by "o ( ! num]\s arti/s employ$ by madame1 & nev] m\nt$4 7,illu/rat$ fac+ p4 #f47 ,! /ory ( ,r9aldo & ,armida suppli$ ! subject ( _m fans produc$ dur+ ! c5tury4 ,h&el's op]a ,r9aldo 0 fir/ produc$ 9 ,london1 ,febru>y #bd1 #agaa4 ,x 0 /ag$ 9 ! mo/ sumptu\s mann]1 ! g>d5s ( ,armida be+ fill$ ) live birds1 a piece ( /age realism h>dly to be surpass$ ev5 9 ^! days3 x _h1 h[ev]1 little vogue on ! ,cont95t4 ,gluck's ,armide1 :i* appe>$ 9 #aggg1 f>$ bett]1 ! compos] be+ !n 9 ! height ( 8 popul>ity1 &1 moreov]1 "u ! p[]ful protection ( 8 =m] pupil1 ,m>ie-,anto9ette1 :o1 ^u ! success ( ,orphe1 grant$ him a p5sion ( six ?\s& francs1 & a l sum = e fre% "w he %\ld produce on ! ,fr5* /age4 ,! *>m+ fan1 "h illu/rat$1 by ! graci\s p]mission ( ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9cess ( ,wales1 is ant]ior to ! date ( ! production ( ,gluck's op]a1 & is "o ( ! be/ ( ! num]\s v]sions ( ! subject4 ,x 0 giv5 by ,k+ ,william ,,iv4 to ,augu/a1 ,du*ess ( ,cambridge1 & left by h] to h] gr&-daught]1 ,victoria ,m>y1 ,pr9cess ( ,wales4 7,frontispiece47 ,9 ,miss ,moss's fan1 also illu/rat$1 ! /ick is ( ivory c>v$ j\r1 & pa9t$ ) a c>t\*e 9 ! c5tre1 ( ,neptune1 ,v5us1 & ,cupid4 ,illu/ration3 ,w$d+ ,fan1 silk leaf1 pa9t$ ) m$allions1 spangl$ ornam5ts4 ,ivory /ick ri*ly c>v$1 ) subject ( ! ,alt] ( ,hym5 c4 ,! ,c\ntess ( ,brad=d4 ,illu/ration3 ,w$d+ ,fan1 sat9 m\nt1 pa9t$ ) m$allions1 spangl$1 ivory /ick1 f9ely c>v$ ) m>riage emblems c41 ivory m9iatures on gu>ds1 ,fr5*1 c4 #aghj4 ,lady ,l9dsay4 ,! ftes giv5 on ! occasion ( ! m>riage ( ! "y dauph91 aft]w>ds ,l\is ,,xvi41 ) ,m>ie-,anto9ette1 are record$ on a fan 9 ! ,wyatt collection1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* are %[n ! illum9ations ) fireworks1 a scroll inscrib$1 #8,vive la ,france1 l'empire1 et t\s leurs allis jamais'2 above is inscrib$1 #8,feu d'artifice de ,mr4 ,l'ambassadeur ,excut le #aj ,ju9 #aggj p> le ,sr4 ,torre ,artifici] du ,roi4' ,on ! left is a /reet sc5e ) a b& ( musicians & spectators2 on ! "r1 f\r figures view+ ! illum9ations4 ,a c>t\*e on ! "r is inscrib$1 #8,ftes ,publiques l'occasion du m>iage de ,mr4 le ,dauph94' ,! m\nt is ( pap]1 ! /ick & gu>ds ivory1 pi]c$ gilt1 & inlaid ) "m-(-pe>l4 7,illu/rat$ fac+ p4 #ahj47 ,an allegory ( ?is m>riage appe>s z ! subject ( a fan t =m$ "p ( an important collection ( a deceas$ ,p>isian lady1 ,madame ,x41 sold at ! ,htel ,dr\ot1 ,april #ahig4 ,9 ?is ! /ick is "m-(-pe>l1 c>v$ ) reliefs1 gilt1 & ! arms ( ,france & ,au/ria4 ,! leaf is 9 g\a*e on sk91 ) m$allions ( ! royal pair1 alt]nat$ ) o!rs emblematic ( ! ,f9e ,arts4 ,ano!r bridal-fan ( ,m>ie-,anto9ette has on ! obv]se an allegorical composition1 9 :i* ! dauph9e1 en?ron$ ^u a cl\d1 is ab\t to sign ! m>riage contract :i* ,cupid lays be=e h]1 :ile ,hym5 hov]s above3 on ! left1 ! ,graces weave g>l&s ( roses2 on ! "r1 ,midas & ,discordia are bani%$ to ! regions ( obscurity4 ,on ! rev]se1 ,l\is & 8 "y bride appe> walk+ 9 a wood1 guid$ by ,cupid1 bl9d1 & be>+ a tor*4 ,bo? ^! subjects h be5 attribut$ to ,fragon>d2 !y are1 h[ev]1 mo/ c]ta9ly by two diff]5t h&s4 ,! /ick is "m-(-pe>l1 c>v$ j\r1 ) figures ( ! royal c\ple1 cupids1 & o!r appropriate emblems4 ,! cu/om ( pres5t+ fans on ! occasion ( a w$d+ 0 univ]sal1 & surely no m acceptable (f]+ ?an a fan c\ld be made to a bride4 ,! f9e fan1 illu/rat$ by ! k9dness ( ! ,c\ntess ( ,brad=d1 is typical ( a :ole class ( fans produc$ dur+ ! latt] ye>s ( ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xvi41 hav+ silk m\nts1 ) pa9t$ m$allions1 usually "o sup]ior1 & ! o!r inf]ior2 ! bord]s & int]v5+ spaces decorat$ ) spangles ( gold1 silv]1 & col\rs2 ! /icks ei!r broad & ornate z 9 ! example giv51 or n>r[2 ! ornam5tation be+ ( a m retic5t "*4 ,! pr9cipal m$allion figures ! prospective bride & bridegroom nurs+ a figure ( ,love4 ,on ! extremely ornate "m-(-pe>l /ick1 lavi%ly gilt 9 dead & burni%$ gold ( two col\rs1 ! happy pair aga9 appe> clasp+ h&s be=e ! alt> ( ,hym51 ) an accompanim5t ( ,cupids2 on ! two inf]ior c>t\*es are danc+ figures ) wrea?s1 spangl+ be+ appli$ "h z on ! leaf4 ,! fan appe>$ at ! rec5t exhibition ( ,fair ,wom5 at ! ,grafton ,gall]ies1 :]e x attract$ mu* att5tion4 ,on ! occasion ( ! bir? ( ! dauph91 7,l\is ,,xvii47 9 #aghe1 elev5 ye>s aft] ! m>riage1 ! royal pair r5ew _! v[s at ! alt> ( ,hym54 ,?is on a fan f ! un=tunate que5's collection1 :i*1 toge!r ) ! la/ m5tion$1 appe>$ at ! ,walk] sale 9 #ahhb2 ! m\nt sk91 ! /ick "m-(-pe>l1 c>v$ 9 op5 ) portraits ( ! que5 & ! "y dauph94 ,! fan 7bris7 pres5t$ by ! t[n ( ,dieppe to ,m>ie-,anto9ette1 9 celebration ( ! same ev5t1#aac is decl>$ by ,balzac to be ! h&some/ ( all hi/orical fans4 ,x is ( ivory op5 "w1 c>v$ by ! fam\s work] ,le ,flam&1 eulogis$ by ,b]n>d9 de ,sa9t-,pi]re4 ,! subject1 f ! design = ,vi51 premi] pe9tre to ,l\is ,,xvi41 is an episode 9 ! life ( ,alex&] ! ,great4 ,porus1 an ,indian pr9ce1 on ! ea/]n bank ( ! ,hydaspes1 refus$ to submit to ,alex&]1 b1 defeat$ & tak5 prison]1 he 0 br\ght into ! pres5ce ( ! conqu]or4 ,ask$ h[ he expect$ to be treat$1 he boldly repli$1 #8,z a brave man & a k+4' ,alex&]1 subdu$ by 8 foe's firmness1 re/or$ to him 8 conqu]$ t]ritory4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by ,a4 ,gir&]4 ,fan /ick1 ,ivory1 c>v$ ) subject ( ! ,assembly ( ,notables #aghg1 figures ( ,l\is ,,xvi ,m>ie ,anto9ette on pana*es4 ,muse du ,l\vre4 ,:5 ! que5 0 oblig$ to quit ,v]sailles 9 #aghi1 %e gave ?is fan to ,madame du ,cray1 :o 0 keep] ( h] ,maje/y's laces4 ,f ,madame du ,cray x pass$ into ! possession ( h] daught]1 ,madame la ,bruyre1 :o1 at h] dea?1 bequea!d x to ,monsieur de ,?iac1 by :om x 0 exhibit$ at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahgj4 ,! ivory /ick--! m\nt has long s9ce p]i%$1 if x ev] possess$ "o--acquir$ by ! ,l\vre1 & =m]ly 9 ! collection ,revoil1 9 #ahbh1 is said to h be5 once ! prop]ty ( ,m>ie-,anto9ette4 ,! br9s c>v$ are ) a subject ( ! k+1 ) ! two royal pr9ces on 8 "r h&1 receiv+ a deputation ( m9i/]s1 ! :ole enclos$ )9 a florid & me&]+ c>t\*e1 ! backgr\nd & diap]s j\r4 ,on ! pana*es appe> figures ( ,l\is & ,m>ie-,anto9ette1 above _! heads two g5ii be> ! royal cr[n2 on ! gorge are m$allions ( ,cupids1 ) tragic & comic masks4 ,"h1 !n1 we h two typical examples ( ! ivory "w ( ! la/ qu>t] ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ! be/1 presumably1 t ! epo* c\ld produce1 s9ce bo? 7 execut$ = ! que54 ,! la/ nam$1 la/ also 9 ! ord] ( production1 al?\gh x c>ries picturesque ri*ness ( effect to its utmo/ possible limit1 nev]!less repres5ts a worn-out tradition1 an art :i* _h become moribund1 lifeless1 incapable ( any fre% ef=t1 repeat+ ! same tiresome platitudes ) we>+ & monoton\s p]si/5cy2 ! =m]1 on ! o!r h&1 indicative ( ! comm5cem5t ( t reg5]ation ( ,fr5* art1 :i*1 inaugurat$ by ,vi51 ultimately result$ 9 ! creation ( a s*ool ( pa9t+ & design1 f9d+1 9 ! vitality ( its poetic inv5tion1 no p>allel 9 mod]n ,europe1 & mak+ its influ5ce felt ev5 to ! pres5t day4 ,! reign ( ,sp>tan simplicity ( dress comm5c$ e>ly1 & 0 br\ght ab\t by sev]al causes1 ! fir/ be+ ! visit to ,p>is ( ! ,am]ican deputies1 head$ by ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 #aggf-gh4 ,?us ,c\nt de ,sgur 9 8 #8,memoirs'3 #8,x 0 z if ! sages ( ,greece & ,rome _h sudd5ly appe>$2 _! antique simplicity ( dress1 _! firm & pla9 demean\r1 _! free & direct language1 =m$ a contra/ to ! frivolity1 effem9acy1 & s]vile ref9em5ts ( ! ,fr5*4 ,! tide ( fa%ion & nobility ran aft] ^! republicans1 & ladies1 lords1 & m5 ( lett]s all wor%ipp$ !m4' ,among o!r contributory causes 0 ! publication ( ,sa9t-,pi]re's novel1 ,paul et ,virg9ie1 9 :i* ! h]o9e is describ$ z be+ attir$ 9 a simple robe ( :ite musl91 ) pla9 /raw hat1 a picture :i* in/antly captivat$ ! ,p>isi5nes4 ,moreov]1 ! classic revival :i* set 9 ab\t ! middle ( ! c5tury _h ga!r$ =ce1 s t by ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,revolution ! "t _h become ripe = a complete *ange4 ,:ile ! ladies 7 attir$ la ,grec1 ! g5tlem5 cropp$ _! hair la ,roma94 ,! fan foll[$ ! prevail+ ord] ( ?+s1 & affect$ simplicity4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,directoire1 & ! ,empire :i* succe$$1 ! pa9t$ m\nts gradually disappe>$1 _! place be+ tak5 by ^? ( silk ( v>i\s col\rs1 ornam5t$ ) spangles & simil> devices4 ,! m\nt ( ,miss ,e!l ,birdwood's fan1 an excell5t example ( ! simple type1 is mo/ c]ta9ly ,fr5*1 obta9$ 9 ,france by ! gr&p>5ts ( ,sir ,george1 :o 7 expell$ ,hugu5ots1 & s5t out by !m to ,canton to be m\nt$4 ,! /ick is admirably 9 keep+ ) ! retic5t "* ( ! m\nt1 & exhibits no trace ( ! *>act]i/ic ,ori5tal vice ( excess 9 ornam5tal detail4 ,illu/ration3 ,directoire ,fan1 gre5 silk m\nt1 spangl$ "m ( pe>l /ick c>v$ j\r4 ,miss ,e!l ,trav]s ,birdwood4 #8,sans ,gne' ,directoire ,fans1 r$ silk m\nts1 /icks ivory & ebony respectively4 ,mr ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,messel4 ,illu/ration3 #8,sans ,gne' ,fan1 leaf gre5 silk ) figure ( an op]a danc]1 /ick ivory1 appli$ lea!r on gu>ds4 ,empire ,fan1 leaf r$ silk ) b& ( net ornam5t 9 gold1 silv] spangles1 /ick ivory1 t9t$ crimson4 ,mr ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,messel4 ,x 0 inevitable t a sy/em ( decoration s easy ( application1 & at ! same "t s effective z spangl+1 %\ld h an ext5d$ vogue4 ,! device 0 fir/ introduc$ z a framework to pictures or m9iatures en c>t\*e1 & z emphasis+ ! lead+ l9es ( a design4 ,gradually a m lavi% use ( ^! gli/5+ ornam5ts 0 made1 until1 dur+ ! ,directoire & ,empire p]iods1 spangl+ =m$ ! *ief decorative motif ( ! design2 figures be+ treat$ ) spangl$ drap]ies1 ! fle% pa9t$4 ,9 ! ,directoire fan illu/rat$1 ) ,c]es 9 a *>iot drawn by two bullocks1 spangl+ is c>ri$ to its utmo/ limit1 ! :ole subject1 figures1 animals1 *>iot1 & accessories1 be+ treat$ ) ^! little gold & silv] discs ( v>y+ sizes4 ,?is ref]s to ! ,fte de l',agriculture celebrat$ by ! adm9i/ration ( ! dep>tm5t ( ! ,se9e #aj messidor an ,,vi4 7#bh ,june #agih74 ,a lavi%ly ornam5t$ c> drawn by six bullocks1 _! ho(s & horns gild$1 ! :ole decorat$ ) wrea?s ( fl[]s1 0 accompani$ by ! ,free ,trade ,society ( ,agriculture1 & ! adm9i/rators ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum & ,vet]9>y ,s*ool1 c>ry+ agricultural implem5ts1 surm\nt$ by a %eaf ( corn1 ov] :i* float$ ! oriflamme ( ,france2 _! de/9ation be+ ! ,temple d$icat$ to ,cybele 9 ! middle ( ! gr& squ>e ( ! ,*amps lyses4 ,! anci5t =m ( ! *>iot1 says ,blondel1 ! gr\ps ( /ation>y gu>ds ) entw9$ arms1 indicat+ !reby t ^? ar\nd cultivate & def5d ! fields1 s]ve equally to repres5t agriculture to ! imag9ation & ! anci5t ftes t f]tile ,phrygia celebrat$ 9 hon\r ( ! goddess ( ,h>ve/s at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,ida4 ,! ev5t 0 commemorat$ on a numb] ( fans1 bo? pa9t$ 9 g\a*e & pr9t$2 ,blondel figures "o 9 ! possession ( ! heir ( ,madame ,talli51 pr9t$ & col\r$ by h&1 errone\sly suppos+ x to ref] to ?is ev5t2#aad 9 ?is in/ance also1 z 9 ! example illu/rat$ fac+ p4 #acf1 two bullocks only are repres5t$4 ,?is glorification ( ,c]es & ,cybele l$ to ! g5]al adoption ( /raw = ! v>i\s articles ( co/ume1 foll[+ an old] fa%ion4 #8,!re is no?+ b /raw 9 ! impov]i%$ dresses ( ! ladies1' exclaim ,,mm4 de ,gonc\rt 9 _! ,socit ,franaise p5dant le ,directoire1 e*o+ a curi\s vaudeville ( ! p]iod1 #8mob caps ( /raw1 bonnets ( /raw1 fans ( /raw1 & spangles--no?+ is made )\t spangles4' #8,paillette aux bonnets1 ,aux toquets1 ,aux petits corsets6 ,paillette ,aux f9s b&eaux1 ,aux gr&s *apeaux6 ,paillette ,aux noirs colli]s1 ,aux blancs s\li]s6 ,paillette ,paillette aux rubans1 ,aux turbans1 ,on ne voit ri5 sans ,paillette4' ,9 ! #8,sans ,gne' fan1 ) figure ( an op]a danc]1 ! dress ( ! lady is p9k gauze4 ,! mat]ial ( ! leaf 7gre5 silk7 is cut away1 leav+ ! dress semi-transp>5t 9 ^? p>ts :i* are n ov]laid ) spangles4 ,dur+ ! ,empire p]iod & lat]1 ?is sy/em ( ! introduction ( gauze or net 0 c>ri$ fur!r1 fans be+ treat$ ) a broad bord] ( net1 & v>i\s appli$ decorations 9 gold1 silv]1 & spangles1 ^! be+ ! precursors ( ! fans made entirely ( gauze or net1 decorat$ 9 a simil> mann]1 & 9 vogue dur+ ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,lorgnette ,fans1 ivory1 9 =m ( arr[s1 silv]$1 two circul> horn1 ) palliettes1 semicircul> horn ) paillettes4 ,mr ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,messel4 ,lorgnette or op]a-glass fans are evid5ce ( a fa%ion t obta9$ dur+ ! sev5te5? & aga9 dur+ ! latt] half ( ! eighte5? c5turies4 ,m4 ,blondel quotes f ,m5agiana z foll[s3-- #8,! fans j\r c>ri$ by ! wom51 :5 !y g to ,porte ,sa9t-,b]n>d to take ! air on ! bank ( ! riv]1 are call$ 8lorgnettes40' ,a pap] call$ ,ncessaire1 = #agei1 ref]s to ?is means ( satisfy+ p>donable curiosity )\t w\nd+ mode/y4 ,a small op]a- or spy-glass 0 set 9 ! *ief /icks ( ! fan1 ei!r at ! top ( ! pana*e1 probably ! e>lie/ =m1 or at ! rivet4 ,9 ! =m] case ! :ole ( ! blades 7 p]=at$1 ! fan :5 op5$ %[+ a s]ies ( circul> p]=ations r\nd its upp] bord]4 ,! advantage ( su* an arrangem5t w be obvi\s2 a fair revell] might see )\t be+ se51 & ! tell-tale blu% be hid4 ,= m di/ant objects ! op]a-glass 0 call$ into requisition1 ! fan us$ ei!r op5 or clos$4 #8,p\r ca*] la pudeur d'usage ,contre un beau front le papi] s]t ,et les br9s =m5t un passage ,p> o l'il voyage c\v]t4'#aae ,! mat]ial 0 ei!r ivory1 horn1 or occasionally1 9 ! case ( ! semicircul> fold+-fans1 gauze1 decorat$ ) spangles or embroid]$ "w4 ,! briss 7 made to ! semicircul> %ape1 & also to t ( ! full circle or cockade4 ,9 ! latt] in/ance ! long h&le 0 provid$ ) circul> loops1 by :i* ! fan might be held 9 ! same mann] z a pair ( scissors4 ,! blades assume v>i\s %apes1 z t ( ,love's arr[1 ! bat's w+1 an umbrella1 a snake1 a viol91 &1 :5 made ( horn1 7 usually decorat$ ) #8piqu4' ,a curi\s & uncommon lorgnette-fan ( ! p]iod ( ,l\is ,,xiv41 9 ! possession ( ,madame ,jub9al1 is entirely ( ivory #8dc\p j\r1' ) appliqus 9 gelat9e imitat+ mica1 =m+ a transp>5cy ?r\gh :i* rogui% eyes may see & at ! same "t be protect$ z ) a curta94 ,a semicircul> lorgnette-fan1 ( f9e design1 is se5 9 ! h&s ( ,madame ,devauay1 9 ! portrait by ,+res1 collection ( ,m4 ,frdric ,reiset1 pa9t$ #ahjf4 ,^! int]e/+ fans rema9$ 9 vogue dur+ ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury & lat]4 ,! la/ /age ( ! fan dur+ ?is fooli%1 frivol\s1 fasc9at+ eighte5? c5tury 0 t ( a gradual dw9dl+ into no?+ness4 ,madame de ,g5lis1 9 h] ,diction>y ( ,etiquette 7#ahah71 rem>ks3 #8,:5 wom5 7 timid & blu%$1 !y 7 accu/om$ to c>ry l>ge fans to hide _! blu%es1 s]v+ at once z scre5 & veil3 n[ t !y blu% no long]1 & are intimidat$ by no?+1 !y d n *oose to hide _! faces1 & !re=e c>ry b microscopic fans 7v5tails imp]ceptibles74'#aaf ,blondel /ates t #8?is small degree ( fa%ion cont9u$ "u ! ,fir/ ,empire1 :5 fans1 /ill v small1 7 = ! mo/ "p briss or g>ni%$ ) taffalas2 a few1 h[ev]1 7 embelli%$ ) /eel pe>ls1 l ! jewels ( ,petit ,dunk]que4' ,illu/ration3 ,spangl$ gauze ) turtle doves4 ,blue gold1 spangl$4 ,mr ,l4,c4,r4 ,messel4 ,mauve silk net1 spangl$4 lorgnette embroid]$ gauze4 ,we h se5 h[1 dur+ ! p]iod ( ! balloon petticoat1 ! fan1 l ! frog 9 ! fable1 anxi\s to outdo 8 big neighb\r ! ox1 swell$--& swell$--& swell$4 ,! consequ5ces 7 less disa/r\s 9 ! case ( ! fan1 :i* is no?+ if n consi/5t4 ,! small imps ( ! fan tribe c>ri$ by ^? truly miracul\s creatures ! ,m]veilleuses1 ^: co/ume 0 r$uc$ to su* exce$+ly scanty proportions t a ,fr5*man ev5 0 mov$ to inquire if nudity w\ld n h be5 a ga9 to mode/y1 7 9 p]fect keep+ ) ! t\t ensemble4 ,! fan less5$ its proportions1 grew m & m imp]ceptible z ! re/ ( ! co/ume grew scanti]1 until1 z 9 ! example 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,messel1 ! blades measur$ b two & a half in*es6 ,illu/ration3 ,,japanese ,,lady',s ,,c\rt ,,fan1 ,,) ,,/ream]s4 7,e?nological ,museum1 ,b]l947 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,pa9t$ ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,& ,,eighte5? ,,c5turies4 ,,engli%1 ,,dut*1 ,,flemi%1 ,,& ,,g]man4 ,! hi/ory ( ! fold$ fan 9 ,engl& may1 broadly speak+1 be said to date f ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,ea/ ,india ,company 9 #afjj2 ?is ev5t m>k+ ! comm5cem5t ( t ,ori5tal trade :i* assum$ su* va/ proportions dur+ ! succe$+ c5tury4 ,isolat$ examples ( ! pleat$ fan _h1 h[ev]1 f\nd _! way into ?is c\ntry e>li]1 ^! ei!r br\ght by individual trad]s f ! ,ea/1 or import$ f ! ,cont95t ( ,europe4 ,we h already ref]r$ to ! rem>kable in/ance ( ! pleat$ fan appe>+ on ! great seal ( ,engl&1 =m+ ! cre/ ( ,cur de ,lion2 a conclusive pro( t ?is =m ( fan 0 at any rate kn[n1 if n 9 occasional use1 9 ?is c\ntry dur+ ! ,middle ,ages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,long-,,h&l$ ,,fea!r-,,fan 7,us$ 9 ! ,m>ie ,/u>t dance47 ,illu/ration3 ,telema*us ,calypso1 ,engli%1 #aghj4 silk m\nt1 spangl$1 /ick ivory1 f9ely c>v$ ) m$allions 9 imitation ( ,w$gwood's ,jasp] w>e4 ,! ,d[ag] ,m>*ioness ( ,bri/ol4 ,! plum$ fan1 nev]!less1 held its own = a consid]able p]iod1 al?\gh x is extremely unlikely t x 0 mu* 9 vogue be=e ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 :5 we are in=m$ t #8ev5 "y g5tlem5 c>ri$ fans ( fea!rs 9 _! h&s1 :i* 9 w>s our ance/ors wore on _! heads4'#aag ,%akespe>e ref]s to #8^? remnants ( fool & fea!r t !y h got f ,france4' ,s1 also1 ,/eph5 ,gosson1 ,pleasant ,quips = up/>t ,g5tlewom51 #aeif3 #8,7 fannes & flappes ( fea!rs fond ,to flit away ! flisk+ flies1 ,z tail ( m>e t hangs on gr\nd ,:5 heat ( ,summ] do? arise1 ,! wit ( wom5 we might praise ,= f9d+ out s great an ease4 #8,b1 see+ !y are /ill 9 h&1 ,9 h\se1 9 field1 9 *ur*1 9 /reet1 ,9 summ]1 w9t]1 wat]1 l&1 ,9 cold1 9 heate1 9 dry1 9 weet1 ,i judge !y are = wives su* tooles ,z bables are = playes = fooles4' ,! au?or ( ,quips = an up/>t ,c\rti]1 #afbj1 draw+ a comp>ison betwe5 ! deg5]acy ( 8 "t & ! pur] mann]s ( an e>li] p]iod1 says3 #8,!n our "y c\rti]s /rove to exce$ "o ano!r 9 v]tue & 9 brav]y2 !y rode n ) fannes to w>d _! faces f ! w9d4' ,9 ,hall's ,satires1 #aeih1 describ+ ! d&ies ( 8 day3 #8,tir'd ) p9n'd cuffs1 & fans1 & p>tlet /ryps4' ,9 ! play ( ,l+ua1 or ,! ,combat ( ! ,tongue & ! ,five ,s5ses = ,sup]iority1 #afag1 ! foll[+ directions are giv5 = ! "* ( ,phanta/es at ! head ( ! second sc5e ( ,act ,,ii4 #8,a sw>t complexion'd fell[1 b quicke-ey'd1 9 a :ite ,satt5 d\blet ( "o fa%ion1 gre5 ,velvet hose ( ano!r2 a phanta/icall hat ) a plume ( fe!rs ( sev]all col\rs1 a little %ort ,taffata cloake1 a paire ( ,busk9s cut1 drawne out ) sundry col\r$ ,rib&s ) ,sc>fes hung ab\t him aft] all fa%ions1 & ( all col\rs4 ,r+s1 ,jewels1 a ,fanne1 & 9 e place odde complem5ts4' ,9 ! woodcut head+s to ! ,roxburghe ,ballads 7c4 #afce71 bo? fea!r- & fold+-fans are %[n2 ! frequ5t illu/ration ( ^! in/rum5ts te/ify+ to ! popul>ity ( ! fan at ?is epo*4 ,! fir/ appe>ance ( ! mod]n fan1 says ,fairholt1 may be se5 9 a pr9t ( ! e>ly "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! long h&le is /ill reta9$1 & ! fan1 al?\gh arrang$ 9 folds1 does n appe> to be capable ( be+ fold$4 ,! fans "h ref]r$ to are ^? se5 9 ! pr9ts by ,vecellio & e>li] engrav]s1 small 9 size1 ref]r$ to & illu/rat$ 9 a previ\s *apt]4#aah ,x is n until ! la/ decade ( ! sixte5? c5tury t ! fold$ fan appe>s 9 pa9t$ portraits1 "o ( ! e>lie/ be+ t ( ,que5 ,elizabe? at ,jesus ,college 7#aeij71 9 :i* ! ,que5 holds a dc\p fan ( ! "* ( t illu/rat$ f ,cluny1 fac+ page #aji1 hav+ simil> po9t$ edg+4 ,! edges ( ^! fans 7 occasionally v>i$ to a semicircul> =m1 a curi\sly int]e/+ example appe>+ 9 a portrait ( ,elizabe?1 ,lady ,w5twor?1 by ,lucas de ,he]e1 9 :i* ! leaf1 probably ( vellum or p>*m5t1 is elaborately dc\p2 ! edges resembl+ a *eese-cutt] 9 %ape1 ! blades1 app>5tly ( ivory1 numb]+ sev54 ,! patt]n+ (t5 rivall$ ! f9e/ lace1 ( :i* x 0 obvi\sly an imitation1 lace also be+ us$ = fan m\nts at ?is p]iod1 usually co/ly ,fl&]s or ,val5ci5nes4 ,9 ! s]ies ( pr9ts by ,holl> ( ! ,f\r ,seasons1 #afda1 ! veil$ lady repres5t+ #8,summ]' holds 9 h] "r h& an op5$ lace fan1 ! qua9t leg5d at ! foot ( ! plate runn+ z foll[s3 #8,9 ,sum] :5 wee walke to take ! ayre1 ,wee ?us are vayl'd to keep our faces faire1 ,& le/ our beautie %\ld be soil$ ) sweate ,wee ) our ayrie fannes depell ! heate4' ,illu/ration3 ,a ,london ,fan ,%op1 c4#agde4 ,mr ,l4,c4,r4 ,messel ,illu/ration3 ,! surr5d] ( ,malta4 ,mrs ,hung]=d ,poll54 ,! m>riage ( ,*>les ,,ii4 ) ,ca!r9e ( ,braganza 9 #affb is ano!r l&m>k 9 ! hi/ory ( ! fan 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! ,que5 & h] ,portuguese ladies introduc$ ! gigantic gre5 %ad+ fans ( ,moori% orig91 :i*1 9 ! abs5ce ( p>asols 7!n unkn[n 9 ,engl&71 s]v$ also to %ield ! complexions ( ! ladies f ! sun1 :5 !y did n wi% :olly to obscure _! *>ms by putt+ on _! masks4 ,! ,indian trade1 h[ev]1 op5$ up by ,ca!r9e's m>riage treaty1 soon suppli$ ! ladies ( ,engl& ) fans bett] adapt$1 by _! lightness & elegance1 to be us$ z weapons ( coquetry at balls & plays4#aai ,l>ge numb]s ( fan m\nts 7 also import$ f ,italy1 bo? at ?is p]iod & lat]4 ,^! are ref]r$ to incid5tally 9 "o ( ,/eele's lett]s to ! ,tatl]1 ,april #bc1 #agji4 #8,i am j come f visit+ ,sappho probably ,mrs4 ,elizabe? ,haywood1 :o _h be5 "s "t on ! ,iri% /age4 ,z ,i came into ! room %e cries1 8,oh1 ,mr4 ,bick]/aff1 ,i am utt]ly undone2 ,i h brok5 t pretty ,italian fan ,i %[$ y :5 y 7 "h la/1 :]e9 7 s admirably drawn our fir/ p>5ts 9 ,p>adise asleep 9 ea* o!r's arms40'#abj ,! fan ( ,pope's epigram 01 x w be rememb]$1 pa9t$ ) ! /ory ( ,cephalus & ,procris1 ! motto #8,aura ,v5i4' #8,come g5tle air6 ?' ,eolian %eph]d said ,:ile ,procris pant$ 9 ! secret %ade2 ,come g5tle air6 ! fair] ,delia cries1 ,:ile at h] feet h] swa9 expir+ lies4 ,lo1 ! glad gales o'er all h] beauties /ray1 ,brea! on h] lips1 & 9 h] bosom play6 ,9 ,delia's h& ?is toy is fatal f\nd1 ,nor c\ld t fabl$ d>t m surely w\nd2 ,bo? gifts de/ructive to ! giv]s prove2 ,alike bo? lov]s fall by ^? !y love4' ,two f9e examples ( e>ly fans ) subjects f classic my?ology appe>$ at ! ,walk] sale2 ! fir/ hav+ a sk9 m\nt pa9t$ ) ! ,triumph ( ,amphitrite1 9 :i* ! daught] ( ,n]eus is seat$ 9 a %ell drawn by dolph9s1 ) att5dant nymphs & tritons1 a figure ( ,cupid1 bl9dfold$1 hov]+ above2 ?is 9 allusion to ,neptune hav+ s5t ! ,dolph9 to int]c$e = him1 & to br+ 8 innamorata f ! foot ( ,m\nt ,atlas4 ,! /ick is rosewood1 inlaid ) rays ( "m-(-pe>l4 ,! second1 f ! collection ( ! ,du*esse de ,nem\rs1 repres5t+ ! m>riage ( ,neptune & ,amphitrite1 ! subject cov]+ ! :ole field ( a deep m\nt2 ! /ick1 "m-(-pe>l1 c>v$ ) a pa/oral sc5e & small] panels ( w>riors4 ,among ! e>lie/ ,engli% fans exi/+ 9 private collections is a m\nt ( ! "t ( ,*>les ,i41 ! orig9al /ick ( :i* is said to h be5 ( gold1 jewell$4 ,! pa9t+1 a copy ( ! #8,triumph ( ,bac*us1' by ,a4 ,c>racci1 is attribut$ 7probably errone\sly7 to ,pet] ,oliv]4 ,! fan 0 giv5 by ! ,pr9cess ,anne 7aft]w>ds ,que57 to h] god-daught]1 ,s>ah ,rob9son1 daught] ( ,sir ,john ,rob9son1 ,ma/] ( ! ,t[]1 & wid[ ( ! elde/ son ( ,sir ,humphrey ,gore1 on h] m>riage1 9 #afif1 ) ,john ,h>vey1 ,esq41 ( ,ickwellbury1 ,b$s4 ,x is an example ( a l>ge class ( fan m\nts produc$ at ?is p]iod1 :i* 7 reproductions ( ! works ( ! great] ,italian ma/]s1 _m ( :i* 71 d\btless1 copi$ by ,italian arti/s1 & ei!r export$ to ,engl&1 or acquir$ 9 ,italy by visitors to t c\ntry4 ,two int]e/+ m>riage fans ( ! p]iod ( ,*>les ,,ii41 bo? pa9t$ by ! same h&1 appe>$ at ! ,walk] sale 9 #ahhb2 ! "o1 #8,an ,anci5t ,m>riage1' ) ! bridegroom pres5t+ r+1 ! bride we>+ a floral *aplet & att5d$ by maid5s ) di/aff & fl[]s2 ! /ick ( ivory1 c>v$ ) emblematic figures1 "m-(-pe>l inlay1 & silv] piqu4 ,! subject ( ! o!r 7,a*illes & ,deidamia7 ref]r+ to ! tak+ ( ,troy2 on ! rev]se a view ( ! p>k at ,/4 ,cl\d2 ! /ick1 "m-(-pe>l1 c>v$ ) subjects emblematic ( m>riage4 ,^!1 d\btless1 7 made by ! ,fr5* fan-mak]s :o _h become domicil$ 9 ,engl&1 & probably1 z ,mr4 ,rob]t ,walk] sugge/s1 = important c\rt p]sonages4 ,illu/ration3 ,ftes on ! occasion ( ! m>riage ( ! ,dauph94 #aggj4 ,fr5*1 ,wyatt ,colln4 ,v4 ,a4 ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,engli% ,fan1 pa9t$ ) m$allions ( ! ,visit c4 exhibit$ at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahgj by ! ,b>oness ,mey] de ,ro?s*ild4 ,x 0 ^u ! revocation ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes1 #afhe1 t ! ,fr5* ,hugu5ots be+ oblig$1 ?r\gh ! p]secution ( _! compatriots1 to quit _! own c\ntry1 s\ght refuge 9 ,engl& z well z o!r c\ntries1 :]e !y 7 receiv$ ) op5 arms4 ,among/ ^! 7 a numb] ( v5tailli/es1 :o e/abli%$ an indu/ry1 hav+ br\ght ) !m1 n only ! money !y _h be5 able to save1 b :at 0 /ill m valuable1 _! skill z work]s1 _! habitual dilig5ce & ?rift4 #8,! c\ntries :i!r !y w5t 7 enri*$ by ! arts & trades :i* ! ,fr5* refugees introduc$1 & /ill m by ! examples ( indu/ry1 probity1 & s9c]e piety :i* !y exhibit$ 9 _! own p]sons4'#aba ,9 #agji1 ^u ! #8humble petition ( ! ,ffanmak]s t ex]cise ! ,art & ,mi/]y ( ,ffanmak+ 9 ,london & ,we/m9/] & ,tw5ty ,miles r\nd1' a ,*>t] ( incorporation 0 grant$ by ,que5 ,anne1 provid+ t #8all ,ffanmak]s )9 ! prescrib$ area1 & all p]sons :o h s]v$1 or %all h]eaft] s]ve1 z ,appr5tices to ! said ,art & ,mi/]y by ! space ( sev5 ye>s1 & :o h]eaft]1 f "t to "t1 %all be ,admitt$ into1 or made free ( ! ,society1 %all be "o ,body ,corporate & ,politick 9 ,de$ & 9 ,"n1 ) a common seal1 ) p[] to hold l&s1 & p[] to sue & def5d ! same4 ,p[] to make bye-laws t\*+ ! good e/ate1 ,rule1 & ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,society1 & = ! ,re=mation ( su* abuses & deceits z %all be f\nd to be committ$ by !m ei!r 9 utt]+ or mak+ bad & deceitfull works1 z also 9 _! sev]al ,(fices1 functions1 ,mi/]ies1 & bus9ess t\*+ ! said ,trade1' etc4 ,dur+ ! latt] half ( ! sev5te5? & ! fir/ half ( ! eighte5? c5turies ! importation ( fans into ?is c\ntry f ,india1 ,*9a1 & ! ,ea/ 0 consid]able1 &1 toge!r ) ! ,italian importation1 already allud$ to1 ?reat5$ to ru9 ! home indu/ry4 ,! fanmak]s address$ !mselves to ,p>liam5t1 & dem&$ its prohibition1 ) ! result t a tax ( =ty %ill+s a doz5 0 impos$ ^u all wood5- & fea!r-fans1 & = a "t ! importation ( all pa9t$ fans 0 prohibit$4 ,9 #agej !re appe> to h be5 disputes betwe5 ! ,fanmak]s' ,company & j\rneym5 fanmak]s on acc\nt ( non-paym5t ( qu>t]age4 ,two int]e/+ items ( in=mation appe> 9 ! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e = ,octob] & ,decemb] #ahgj z foll[s3-- #8,on ! #bh? ult4 0 try'd a cause betwe5 ! ,company ( ,fanmak]s1 incorporat$ by ,*>t] = ! ,cities ( ,london1 ,we/m9/]1 & tw5ty miles r\nd1 pla9tiffs1 & "o ,wag/affe1 def5dant1 = qu>t]age due to !m1 :o 0 ord]$ to pay x ) co/s4' #8,on ! #bh? ult4 0 a tryal 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,reque/s1 ,we/m9/]1 betwe5 ! ,company ( ,fanmak]s1 pla9tiffs1 & "s fan-pa9t]s1 def5dants1 = non-paym5t ( qu>t]age1 :i* 0 det]m9$ = ! def5dants1 x appe>+ t !y 7 n legal memb]s ( ! said ,company4' ,! two foll[+ items w s]ve to %[ ! ext5t ( ! fan indu/ry 9 ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & ! adv]se conditions "u :i* x lab\r$4 #8,a writ] 9 ! ,we/m9/] ,j\rnal = ,febru>y #bc1 #agea 7quot$ by ! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e = ! same ye>71 proposes a tax ^u pla9 & pr9t$ fan m\nts4 ,pa9t$ ones n col\r$ to pass free z be=e4 ,a sixp5ny /amp to be affix$ 9 ! mid/ ( a pla9 or pr9t$ pap] fan m\nt1 & a %ill+ /amp on a lea!r "o4 ,?is may produce a rev5ue ( t51 tw5ty1 or ?irty ?\s& p\nds p] annum1 enc\rage a v +5i\s bran* ( bus9ess1 & only hurt ab\t half-a-doz5 paultry plate pr9t]s1 :o are enri*+ !mselves & />v+ ( hundr$s4' ,illu/ration3 ,engli% ,fan1 ivory1 f9ely pa9t$ ) m$allions 9 ! /yle ( ,cosway ,wyatt ,colln4 ,v4 ,a4 ,museum4 ,! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e = ,novemb] #ageb quotes an adv]tisem5t :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,daily ,adv]tis]1 #8f ! poor un=tunate artific]s 9 ! sev]al bran*es ( ! fan trade1 ^: numb] is ne>ly #ajjj2 return+ ?anks to ! ,company ( ,fanmak]s = petition+ ! ,e4 ,india directors to discont9ue ! importation ( fans4 ,to excite ! reg>d & compassion ( ! ladies1 x ass]ts t ! home-made fans are 9 e way pref]able to =eign2 & t by disc\rag+ ! latt]1 !y w relieve a numb] ( un=tunate families f ! mo/ griev\s di/ress & despair4'#abb #8,on ! #g? ,febru>y' 7,g5tleman's ,magaz9e1 ,m>* #agec71 #8! j\rneym5 fanmak]s pres5t$ ! ,pr9cess ,d[ag] ( ,wales ) a beautiful & elegant fan1 f> sup]ior to ,indian fans1 :i* 0 mo/ graci\sly receiv$4' ,?is1 d\btless1 ) ! idea ( obta9+ patronage & support = ! home-made article4 ,! import$ fans 7 = ! mo/ "p sold by tea-m]*ants & deal]s 9 ,ori5tal w>es4 ,a trade c>d 9 ! ,s*reib] collection1 ,briti% ,museum1 ) an elaborate engrav$ portrait ( ,que5 ,anne1 /ates t ,john ,rob]ts at ! ,que5's ,head 9 ,holborn1 ne> ,hatton ,g>d51 ,london1 sells all sorts ( ,f9e ,*9a ,w>e2 ! f9e/ ,hyson & ,congo ,teas1 ,f9e ,d\ble ,fl9t ,dr9k+ ,glasses1 etc41 & ,india ,fans4 ,! fan mak]s also (t5 comb9$ ! trade ( fanmak+ ) ! sale ( mill9]y & /ation]y4 ,! ,banks collection ( ,%op ,bills includes ! foll[+ trade c>d3-- #8,rob]t ,picke>d1 at ! ,swan & ,gold5 ,fan 9 ,*eapside1 ne> ! ,conduit1 ,london4 #8,m\nte? & ,make? all sorts ( ,fans1 & ,selle? ,silk ,gauze & ,silv] ,h&k]*iefs1 ,caps1 ,girdles1 ,ribbons1 ,roles1 ,wi]s1 ,f]rits1 ,silv] ,lace = ,%oes1 :ite ,buttons = ,%irts1 ,silk & ,f]rit ,laces1 ,masks & ,necklaces4 #8,n4,b4--,any ,m]*ant may be furni%$ ) all k9ds ( ,mil5>y ,w>es at ,*eap ,rates4' ,also we f9d ,hon\r ,*ass]eau1 ,fan ,mak] & ,/ation]1 ,fan & ,cr[n1 ,long ,acre1 ,london1 #8sell+ all sorts ( ,/ation]y ,w>es1 ,:olesale1 ,retail1 & = ,exportation4' ,! pr9cipal enactm5ts = ! regulation ( ! import trade 9 fans & mat]ials ( ! fan are "h enum]at$3-- ,by ! #aa? ,geo4 ,i4 cap4 #g1 calp9s = fans are rat$ 9 ! ,cu/om ,h\se books at #gs4 #f;d4 a doz51 & ! duty paid on importation #as4 #e;d4 & #g_/h?s a doz54 ,if made ( lea!r1 & ! lea!r be ! mo/ valuable "p1 = e #bjs4 ( real value ^u oa?1 ! duty is #fs4 ,by ! #ab? ,*>les ,,ii4 cap4 #d1 fans = wom5 or *ildr51 ( ,fr5* make1 are rat$ 9 ! ,cu/om ,h\se books at #b p] doz51 & ! duty #a1 #es4 p] doz54 ,b if ^! fans are pa9t$1 !y are prohibit$ to be import$1 & are seizable z pa9t$ w>es4 ,! laws regulat+ ! importation ( embroid]y are /ill m /r+5t4 ,by ! ,acts ,ri*>d ,,iii4 cap4 #aj1 #crd ,edw>d ,,iv4 cap4 #c1 #ai? ,h5ry ,,vii4 cap4 #ba1 #e? ,elizabe?1 cap4 #g1 #ac? & #ad? ,*>les ,,ii4 cap4 #ac1 #d? & #e? ,william & ,m>y1 cap4 #aj1 #i? & #aj? ,william ,,iii4 cap4 #i1 #aa? & #ab? ,william ,,iii4 cap4 #aa1 embroid]y import$ is =feit$1 ! import] liable to #ajj1 & ! sell] to #ej4 ,! v>i\s mat]ials1 z gold & silv] ?read1 or wire1 lace fr+e1 "w made ( copp]1 brass1 or any o!r inf]ior metal1 import$1 to be =feit$ & burnt1 & #ajj paid by ! import] ( e p>cel s import$4 ,?is "u #d? ,edw>d ,,iii41 #aj? ,anne1 cap4 #bf1 #ae? ,george ,,ii4 cap4 #bj1 & #bbnd ,george ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,ivory ,empire ,fan4 ,lady ,nor?cliffe4 ,illu/ration3 ,spangl$ ,fan1 ) pa9t$ m9iatures4 ,engli%4 ,mrs ,frank ,w4 ,gibson4 ,by ! #f? ,anne1 cap4 #ai1 silks wr\ght or mix$ ) gold1 silv]1 or o!r mat]ials1 cl&e/9ely import$1 are =feit$1 ) #bjj = e import]1 & #ajj by ! receiv]1 sell]1 or conceal]4 ,x !re=e appe>s t ei!r m\nts1 or fans t are pa9t$1 are seizable2 & t all fans or m\nts embelli%$ ) gold or silv] are prohibit$ "u v sev]e p5alties1 p>ticul>ly "u #d? ,edw>d ,,iii41 & #ae? & #bbnd ,george ,,ii4 ,fur!r1 pap] fan-m\nts c\ld n be import$ )\t pay+ a duty ( #ee p] c5t42 ! duty on pla9 fans be+ #bg-a_/b p] c5t41 or1 if import$ z toys1 #cg p] c5t4 ,9 a table ( fees tak5 by pack]s & wat]-side port]s = %ipp+ & l&+ ! goods or m]*&ise ( /rang]s1 second *>t] ( ,*>les ,,ii41 #affj1 #8,= a load ( fans1 "o %ill+4' ,! vogue ( fans became g5]al dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :5 fan-pa9t+ 0 a mo/ lucrative pr(ession4 ,! sculptor ,nollek5s tells u t :5 8 wife 0 a girl1 h] fa!r's intimate fri5d ,g\py 7a well-kn[n wat]-col\r draughtsman :o di$ 9 ,london 9 #agfc7 0 consid]$ ! mo/ em95t ( ! fan-pa9t]s1 & t fan-pa9t+ 0 !n s fa%ionable t ! family ( #8,a!nian ,/u>t' 7s call$ on acc\nt ( 8 exquisite /udies ( ,a!ns7 plac$ him z a pupil to ,g\py1 conceiv+ t by s do+ !y _h made 8 =tune2 & we le>n f o!r s\rces t ,/u>t orig9ally ga9$ 8 livelihood by pa9t+ fans4 ,a fan-m\nt 9 ! ,s*reib] collection is pa9t$ ) ?ree m$allions ( ,roman views1 ,! ,ar* ( ,con/ant9e1 ,! ,ar* ( ,titus1 & ,! ,=um1 ! field ( ! fan decorat$ ) delicate classical grotesques & bord]1 sign$ #8,jose ,g\py1 #agch1 ,n4,a4' ,! views are skilfully drawn 9 p5 l9e ) wa%1 9 ! /yle ( ! wat]-col\r draughtsm5 ( ?is p]iod1 i4e4 a l[-ton$ s*eme ( col\r1 a good deal ( india ink be+ us$4 ,?is sign$ example is ( ! greate/ value 9 det]m9+ ! "* ( ,g\py's "w1 & x is extremely probable t he 0 responsible = a good _m m\nts g5]ally consid]$ z ,italian4 ,x 0 f ,g\py1 too1 t ,/u>t orig9ally d]iv$ 8 int]e/ 9 classic ar*itectural rema9s1 &1 d\btless also1 mu* ( 8 skill 9 depict+ !m4 ,fans _h1 inde$1 at ?is p]iod become an indisp5sable adjunct to a lady's toilet1 a tempor>y loss ( ?is in/rum5t1 ^u occasion1 caus+ mu* p]turbation ( _s4 ,an amus+ /ory ( su* a cata/rophe is told 9 ,! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e = ,april #agcf3 #8,:at :ims1 :at trifles1 light z air1 ,gov]n ! passions ( ! fair1 ,& _! de>1 ?\ghtless bosoms te>6 ,madame _h come to grace ! ball ) h] *>m+ pres5ce1 h] p[d]$ admir]s cr[d+ ab\t h]1 :ile1 ,"s dance1 "s sip _! tea1 ,"s *at ! pleas+ h\rs away1 ,& all is innoc5tly gay1 :51 all on a sudd51 ,h] ,lady%ip conf\nds ! company by appe>+ 9 furi\s mood1 ) a voice l ?und]1 e "o dem&+ ! matt]4 ,!n ! *>m+ ,celia1 moralis+1 said3 #88,:at pity #8tis 79 great affairs ,:5 prud5ce temp]s all h] c>es7 ,?is lady %\ld our mir? de/roy1 ,a vix51 = s me] a toy6 ,oh6 h[ ,i blu% to he> & see ,a nymph 7:o1 all ! _w agree1 ,has act$ well ?ree p>ts 9 life1 ,! maid1 ! wid[1 & ! wife71 ,once mi/ress ( s firm a m9d1 ,:o wisely1 dec5tly resign'd1 ,)\t a te>1 h] good old man1 ,ro> l ,o!llo--= a fan4 ,/range6 t ?is eng9e1 wont to prove ,! sure/ in/rum5t ( love1 ,%\ld give to its illu/ri\s dame1 ,:ile o!rs freeze1 s fi]ce a flame60' ,illu/ration3 ,w$d+ ,fan1 ) ,blan*>d's balloon1 #aghd4 ,fr5* ,mrs ,hawk9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,pet]s & ! ,vatican1 ,rome1 probably by ,j4 ,g\py4 ,dr4 ,law ,adam4 ,! fan-%ops ( ,fleet ,/reet1 ! ,/r&1 & ,we/m9/] are cont9ually ref]r$ to 9 ! adv]tisem5ts :i* appe>$ f "t to "t 9 ! ,craftsman4 ,! two foll[+ note a *ange ( own]%ip3-- #8,feb4 #f1 #agda-b4 #8,to be sold1 at ,gordon's ,fan w>eh\se1 ,! ,cr[n & ,fan 9 ,tavi/ock ,/reet1 ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,all sorts ( ,fans4 ,:olesale & ,retail1 v *eap4 ,! ,p]son leav+ (f trade4' #8,feb4 #ab #agdb-c4 #8,gordon's ,fan ,w>eh\se1 9 ,tavi/ock ,/reet1 ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,mr4 ,gordon hav+ left (f ,trade1 ! ,bus9ess1 z usual1 is c>ry'd on by 8 late j\rney-woman1 ,,m>y ,,hit*cock1 ,at ! same ,place1 :]e ,ladies may be accommodat$ ) all sorts ( ,fans1 at ! mo/ reasonable ,rates4' ,f ! extremely nave & int]e/+ #8fan-%op' fan belong+ to ,mr4 ,messel we are able to ga!r "s idea ( :at ^! %ops 7 l4 ,! inscription on ! %op sign is #8,fanmak]1 ,london1' %[+ t ! di/rict repres5t$ 0 )9 ! ,london b\nd>y ( ?is p]iod1 c4 #agde4 ,dur+ ! comp>atively brief reign ( ,que5 ,anne fans 7 aga9 made l>ge4 ,sir ,rog] de ,cov]ley1 ^u 8 c\rt+ ! p]v]se wid[1 decl>$ t he w\ld h all[$ h] ! #8pr(its ( a w9dmill = h] fans4'#abc ,) ! prov]bial fickl5ess ( fa%ion1 h[ev]1 ?is vogue la/$ b a %ort "t2 ! fan less5$ its proportions 9 ! second & ?ird decades ( ! c5tury1 :51 dur+ ! =ties1 its size once aga9 increas$1 foll[+ ! lead ( ,france4 #8,v5tosus1' writ+ 9 ! ,london ,magaz9e = #agdd1 quotes1 ) "s amus+ comm5ts1 an epigram by ,dr4 ,att]bury1 ,bi%op ( ,ro*e/]1 orig9ally writt5 ^u a :ite fan borr[$ f ,miss ,osborne1 aft]w>ds 8 wife1 & ref]r$ to by ,/eele 9 ! ,tatl] = ,octob] #ai1 #agaj3 #8,flavia1 ! lea/ & lighte/ toy ,c ) rel5tless art employ3 ,?is ,fan1 9 mean] h&s1 w\ld prove ,an eng9e ( small =ce 9 love2 ,yet %e1 ) graceful air & mi51 ,n to be told1 or sagely se51 ,directs its wanton motions s1 ,t x w\nds m ?an ,cupid's b[2 ,gives coolness to ! mat*less dame1 ,to ev'ry o!r brea/ a flame4' #8,! :ole turn ( ?is1' exclaims our comm5tator1 #8dep5ds ^u ! smallness & slightness ( ! ,in/rum5t--! lea/ & lighte/ toy8 ,fans n[ 9 vogue are bo? mon/r\sly l>ge & mon/r\sly /rong4 ,to say t a fan ( eight or n9e in*es long1 :i*1 :5 ext5d$ 9 a semicircle c\ld n admit a /r+ ( m ?an f\rte5 or fifte51 w\nds m ?an ,cupid's ,b[1 is some:at extraord9>y1 b to ascribe ! same excell5ce to "o ( our mod]n v5tilators1 ^: ,diagonal l9e1 :5 x is full spread1 is long] ?an "o ( ! ,b[/r+s ( our ,hoxton ,ar*]s1 is ascrib+ no?+ miracul\s to x f ! fair ,h& t may happ5 to use x4' ,our good ,v5tosus _h witness$ an increase f #8#c ,qu>t]s ( a ,foot' to #8ev5 #b ,foot )9 ?is week pa/'2 he looks =w>d to a /ill great] improvem5t :5 ! fan w\ld ext5d to ! same di/ance z ! fa%ionable ,hoop4 ,?is w\ld introduce #8some:at ( uni=mity 9 a ,lady's ,dress1 & ! age w\ld be agreeably engag$ at ei!r meet+ or foll[+ a fair ,toa/1 ) bo? h] sails spread1 9 obs]v+ ! h>mony betwe5 ! ,curve at ,top & ! ,curve at ,bottom1' etc4 ,our +5i\s fri5d discov]s o!r uses = su* an in/rum5t--#8a lady might m\nt x horizontally1 to skre5 h]self & ,family aga9/ all ! ,inclem5cies ( ! wea!r4' ,illu/ration3 ,w$d+ ,fan1 ,directoire1 /ick horn1 piqu 9 gold1 leaf silk1 pa9t$ ) subjects ( ! ,visit c4 ,mr ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,messel4 ,aga91 at ! ,playh\se1 a good-natur$ lady may #8h x 9 h] p[] to oblige a :ole ,side ,box by a s+le ,puff1 & prev5t ! ,beaux1 z well z ! ,belles1 f fa9t+ away at an extraord9>y ,pa?os4' ,! possibilities ( su* an in/rum5t h1 app>5tly1 no limit--#8a ,bla/ or two f ?is ma*9e w\ld be suffici5t to :iff away to a conv5i5t ,di/ance all tr\blesome & wor?less ,dangl]s1 :o may attempt to besiege its =tunate possessor4' ,nay1 besides private b5efits1 "o ( a national nature occurs to ! m9d ( our imag9ative fri5d--#8#bj1jjj su* fans1 prop]ly drawn up on ! ,%ore1 might bl[ back ! next ,fr5* invasion1 or at lea/ keep (f ! ,enemies' ,fleet till our own _h ,"t to come up4' ,our au?or might inde$1 ) /rict adh]5ce to tru?1 h includ$ ! beaux z well z ! belles 9 ?is fanciful def5ce1 ) a proportionate increase 9 ! probability ( victory4 ,among/ ! effects ref]r$ to 9 ! inv5tory ( a beau1 :o 0 c>ri$ (f dead ^u ! tak+ away ( 8 snuff-box1 & rema9$ unburi$1 8 goods be+ tak5 into execution to defray ! *>ge ( 8 fun]al--#8,! /rong-box ( ! deceas$1 :]e9 7 f\nd five billet-d\x1 a ,ba? %ill+1 a crook$ sixp5ce1 a silk g>t]1 a lock ( hair1 & ?ree brok5 fans4'#abd ,9 ! po/script to ,addison's lett] on ! subject ( 8 #8,fan ,academy'--#8,i tea* "y g5tlem5 ! :ole art ( gallant+ a fan4 ,n4,b4 ,i h res]v$ little pla9 fans1 made = ?is use1 to avoid exp5se4'#abe ,at ! danc+ assemblies 9 ,london1 ,ba?1 & else:]e1 x 0 cu/om>y = ! g5tlem5 to select _! p>tn]s by ! ballot ( fans1 :i* 7 plac$ 9 a hat1 ! own] ( ! fan drawn becom+ ! p>tn] ( ! g5tleman :o drew x4 ,mrs4 ,montagu1 9 "o ( h] lett]s1 ref]s to ?is cu/om4 #8,9 ! aft]noon ,i w5t to ,"l ,ox=d's ball at ,m>ylebone4 ,x 0 v agreeable2 & ! p>tn]s 7 *os5 by _! fans1 b ) a little sup]*]ie4' ,a lady's fan 0 almo/ z well kn[n z h] face1 & x 0 n difficult1 ) a little contrivance1 to "k :i* to draw4 ,! same lady1 writ+ f ,ba? 9 ,janu>y #agdj1 says3 #8,la/ night ,i took to ! m y\?ful div]sion ( danc+1 & am no?+ b a fan 7:i* my p>tn] tore7 ! worse = x2 our beaux "h may make a r5t 9 a woman's fan1 b !y w nev] make a hole 9 h] he>t4'#abf ,! popul>ity ( ! union ( ! #8,orange ,tree ) ! ,engli% ,rose' is abundantly te/ifi$ by ! numb] ( pa9t$ fans issu$ ( ?is subject4 ,a pa9t$ bridal-fan ( ! ,pr9cess ,anne1 daught] ( ,george ,,ii41 m>ri$ to ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange 9 #agcc1 appe>$ at ! ,walk] sale 9 #ahhb1 & sold = #bf4 ,9 ?is ! ,pr9cess is seat$1 att5d$ by ! ,loves & ,graces4 ,! prelim9>ies ( peace betwe5 ,au/ria & ,france 9 #agdh provide a subject = a fan appe>+ at ?is same sale4 ,! sc5e repres5ts a t5t$ field4 ,m>ia ,!resa1 ,que5 ( ,hung>y1 jo9s h&s ) la ,france1 ! rival bann]s inscrib$--#8,vive ,l\is ,,xv41 & ,vive la ,re9e d',hungrie'2 ! ,engli% bann] ( ,/4 ,george 9 front2 at ! back ! victory ( ,admiral ,hawke4 ,?is probably execut$ = an ,engli% p>tisan on ! occasion ( ! ,peace ( ,aix-la-,*apelle4 ,a *>act]i/ic fan 9 ! ,wyatt collection1 ( ! e>ly "p ( ! c5tury1 has a pap] m\nt pa9t$ ) m]ry-mak+ sc5es1 p]sons danc+1 dr9k+1 musicians1 etc42 ! ivory /ick c>v$ j\r1 pa9t$ ) birds & fl[]s2 ! gu>ds1 "m-(-pe>l1 c>v$ & pa9t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,e>ly ,dut* ,fan m\nt4 ,a settlem5t 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,! ,d[ag] ,m>*ioness ( ,bri/ol4 ,mr4 ,george ,augu/us ,sala1 9 8 ent]ta9+ preface to ! fan exhibition held at ,drap]s' ,hall 9 #ahgh1 ref]s to a rem>kably curi\s fan exhibit$ "s tw5ty ye>s e>li]1 at a congress ( ! ,ar*ological ,in/itute held at ,worce/]4 ,?is1 evid5tly an ,engli% production1 is a g\a*e on vellum1 repres5t+ ei!r ! ,great ,lott]y ( #agad1 or ! equally rem>kable gambl+ ent]prise ( #agah1 :5 ! popul> gre$ ( ga9 0 /imulat$ to su* an extraord9>y degree t a million & a half /]l+ 0 subscrib$4 ,! sc5e is ! int]ior ( ,m]c]'s ,hall1 ,ironmong] ,lane1 ,*eapside1 :]e transactions connect$ ) lott]ies took place1 %[+ ! plat=m ) side gall]ies conv5i5tly arrang$ = a cr[d ( gay gallants & fa%ionable dames 9 ! full co/ume ( ! p]iod2 ! lott]y tickets are 9 ! c\rse ( be+ drawn by ,blue-coat boys1 a :eel on ei!r side = blanks & prizes4 ,! design1 says our au?or1 is id5tifi$ ) a contempor>y engrav+ by ,h4 ,p>r1 #8,les div]tissem5ts de la ,lot]ie1' design$ by ,t4 ,m>*ant1 drawn by ,gravelot1 & publi%$ by ,ryl&4 ,gravelot 0 a ,fr5* engrav] & decorative pa9t]1 invit$ to ?is c\ntry by ,claude ,dubosc to assi/ 9 illu/rat+ a sumptu\s hi/ory ( ! campaigns ( ,m>lbor\gh4 ,( topographical fans1 t own$ by ,miss ,moss1 giv+ a view ( ,k5s+ton ,squ>e z x appe>$ 9 ! latt] half ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 is among/ ! mo/ int]e/+3 x is extremely fre% 9 col\r1 & exhibits a qua9t s5se ( decorative treatm5t4 ,a fan ) a view ( ,cav5di% ,squ>e is attribut$ to ,canaletto1 :o 9 ! latt] "p ( 8 life visit$ ,london1 :]e he 0 held 9 great e/imation4 ,! subject is enclos$ )9 a c>t\*e1 ) fl[]s1 etc41 9 ! ,*9ese ta/e cov]+ ! re/ ( ! field4 ,! /ick is ( ivory1 c>v$ j\r1 ) figures1 birds1 & foliat$ ornam5t2 ! edges1 :5 clos$1 =m a subject 9 relief ( birds1 insects1 & fruit1 ?is be+ a device adopt$ bo? 9 ,holl&1 ,france1 & ,italy1 b especially 9 ! fir/-nam$ c\ntry4 ,see page #bjb4 ,?is fan appe>$ at ! ,walk] sale 9 #ahhb1 :5 x 0 acquir$ by ! late ,b>oness ,burdett-,c\tts4 ,spangles appe>$ ab\t ! middle ( ! c5tury1 foll[+ ! fa%ion ( ,france4 ,^! s]v$ z bord]+s to subject m$allions1 & emphasis$ ! lead+ l9es ( ! design4 ,a *>act]i/ic fan ( ?is p]iod1 #agej-aghj1 has ei!r "o or ?ree m$allions or c>t\*es1 ( pa/oral or o!r subjects1 ) graceful figures rem9isc5t ( ,ga9sbor\gh1 ,hoppn]1 & o!r ma/]s ( ! ,engli% s*ool4 ,^! figure m$allions 7 usually supplem5t$ by small] ones ( musical or o!r trophies1 da9ty fl[]s1 fe/oons1 & bord]s1 ! m\nt be+ usually silk4 ,! /icks ( ^! fans 7 n>r[1 ! numb] v>y+ f f\rte5 to sixte51 includ+ ! pana*es1 ! latt] delicately c>v$ j\r4 ,! mat]ial 0 g5]ally ivory1 b occasionally "m-(-pe>l4 ,! br9s 7 p]fectly /raight & flat 9 ! %\ld] portion1 b inv>iably ri*ly decorat$ ) emboss$ gold & silv] "w1 ?is (t5 tak+ ! =m ( a c>t\*e ext5d+ ov] six or eight ( ! /icks1 spangles also be+ freely us$4 ,x w\ld be difficult to discov] a m p]fect example ( ?is class ( fan1 s peculi>ly ,engli% 9 type1 ?an ! "o exhibit$ at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahgj by ! ,b>oness ,mey] de ,ro?s*ild4 ,9 ?is ! c5tre m$allion repres5ts a lady c>ry+ a lap-dog1 visit+ a fri5d :o is seat$ at an embroid]y frame2 on ! inf]ior panels1 a girl play+ ) a dove1 & a boy ) a bird-cage & a te!r$ bird4 ,! m\nt is silk1 ) spangl$ bord]+s1 ! /ick ivory1 f9ely c>v$ j\r1 decorat$ 9 v>iegat$ gold2 jewell$ /ud4 7,illu/rat$ fac+ p4 #ahj47 ,a numb] ( fans 7 pa9t$ by ,poggi1 :o 0 publi%+ engrav$ fans at ?is p]iod1 & ^: fans enjoy$ a high reputation4 ,we f9d ! foll[+ entry 9 ,madame ,d',arblay's ,j\rnal = ,m>* #agha3-- #8,tuesday4--,i pass$ ! :ole day at ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds's ) ,miss ,palm]1 :o1 9 ! morn+1 took me to see "s beautiful fans pa9t$ by ,poggi1 f designs ( ,sir ,jo%ua1 ,angelica1 ,we/1 & ,cipriani1 on lea!r4 ,!y are1 inde$1 m delightful ?an c well be imag9$2 "o 0 bespoke by ! ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire1 = a pres5t to "s woman ( rank 9 ,france1 t 0 to co/ #cj4' ,illu/ration3 ,antony & ,cleopatra1 ,dut*1 end ( #ag? c5t4 /ick ivory lat] date1 #ah-a_/b #aj-c_/d ,miss ,moss4 ,illu/ration3 ,an ,emb>cation1 7p5 ink47 rev]se1 a dance ( ,peasants1 /ick ivory1 f9ely pi]c$ c>v$1 ,dut*1 late #ag?4 ,c5t4 ,m4 ,j4 ,duvell]oy4 ,9 ! catalogue ( draw+s1 etc41 ! prop]ty ( ,mr4 ,poggi1 sold by auction by ,messrs4 ,*ri/ie & ,ansell at _! ,great ,room1 next ,cumb]l& ,h\se1 ,pall ,mall1 on ,w$nesday1 ,june ! #ai?1 #aghb1 & two foll[+ days4 ,second ,day's ,sale3-- #8,,draw+s ,,( ,,fans #ii4 ,hope nurs+ ,love1 by ,mr4 ,poggi4 #ajj4 ,a ,nymph nurs+ ! ,g5ius ( ,love1 by ditto4 #aja4 ,! ,univ]sal ,p[] ( ,love1 by ditto4 #ajb4 ,! ,?ree ,f9e ,arts1 ,pa9t+1 ,ar*itecture1 & ,sculpture3 f a design ( ,angelica ,kauffmann1 by ,mr4 ,poggi4 #ajc4 ,! ,m>riage ( ,cupid & ,psy*e1 by ditto4 #ajd4 ,! ,univ]sal ,p[] ( ,love1 by ditto4 #aje4 ,cornelia1 ,"m ( ! ,grac*i1 display+ h] ,jewels1 by ditto4 #ajf4 ,! ,?ree ,f9e ,arts1 ,pa9t+1 ,ar*itecture1 & ,sculpture3 an orig9al draw+ by ,a4 ,kauffmann4 #ajg4 ,a ,nymph nurs+ ! ,g5ius ( ,love1 by ,mr4 ,b>tolozzi4 #ajh4 ,cephalus & ,procris1 ) ! portrait ( ,mr4 ,pope & ! lady to :om he pres5t$ a fan ) ! celebrat$ l9es 9 ! ,spectator1 #8,come g5tle air1' etc43 an orig9al draw+ by ,mr4 ,cipriani4#abg #aji4 ,! ,bu/ ( ,pope cr[n$ by ! ,graces1 :o are admir+ ! beauty ( 8 works3 an orig9al draw+ by ,a4 ,kauffmann4 #aaj4 ,a ,fan emblematical ( ,victory1 compos$ by a ,lady ( ,quality1#abh by ,mr4 ,poggi4 #aaa4 ,v5us l5d+ ! ,c/us to ,juno3 an orig9al draw+ ( ,a4 ,kauffmann4 #aab4 ,a ,subject f ! ,etrusque3 an orig9al draw+ by ,mr4 ,b>tolozzi4 #aac4 ,angelica & ,m$oro3 an orig9al draw+ by ,mr4 ,cipriani4 #aad4 ,hope nurs+ ,love1 by ,mr4 ,poggi4 #aae4 ,! ,orig9 ( ,pa9t+3 an orig9al draw+ by ,mr4 ,b>tolozzi4 #aaf4 ,cornelia1 ,"m ( ! ,grac*i1 display+ h] ,jewels3 an orig9al draw+ by ,m787 ,we/4'#abi ,*ur*-fans are ref]r$ to m fully 9 ano!r *apt] ( ?is "w 7page #bdh74 ,! pa9t$ v>iety gave su* subjects z #8,! ,meet+ ( ,isaac & ,rebecca1' #8,judi? ) ! ,head ( ,hol(]nes1' #8,! ,m>riage at ,cana1' #8,solomon & ! ,que5 ( ,%eba4' ,an e>ly example appe>$ at ! ,walk] sale 9 #ahhb1 hav+ a deep m\nt pa9t$ ) ! subject ( ,adam & ,eve 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed52 ! /ick ivory1 ) ! silv] piqu ornam5t s popul> dur+ ! reigns ( ,*>les ,,ii41 ,que5 ,anne1 & ,george ,i4 ,m\rn+-fans are easily recognisable f _! g5]ally sombre appe>ance4 ,9 ^!1 ! "* ( ! subject is app>5tly a matt] ( small consequ5ce s long z ! g5]al col\r s*eme is t ( a fun]al c>d1 viz4 black1 :ite1 & silv]4 ,9 ! ,wyatt collection is an example ( ab\t #agej pa9t$ 9 black ) a pa/oral sc5e1 ! /ick & gu>ds ivory1 pa9t$ 9 black 9 imitation ( ! ,*9ese4 ,! extraord9>y popul>ity ( ,w$gwood's jasp] w>e 0 n )\t its influ5ce on ! fan4 ,! example 9 ! possession ( ,lady ,bri/ol has a ri*ly c>v$ ivory /ick ) m$allion subjects ( ,diana hunt+1 etc41 ) amor9i1 t]m9al figures1 & fauns1 9 imitation ( blue & black jasp]1 ! panels silv] piqu4 ,! m\nt is ( silk1 ) c5tre panel 9 ! /yle ( ,angelica ,kauffmann1 ! bord] & ornam5ts 9 gold & silv] spangles1 ) pa9t$ ,w$gwood m$allions aga9 introduc$4 7,illu/rat$ fac+ p4 #agf47 ,x is n difficult to fix its date4 ,w$gwood _h p]fect$ 8 jasp] process by #aggg1 & x may be tak5 t ! fan 0 produc$ betwe5 ?is ye> & #aghj4 ,! pa9t$ ivory bris fans ( ! latt] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury are typically ,engli%1 ?\gh d]iv$ f an ,italian s\rce4 ,!y are q easy ( id5tification1 be+ inv>iably delicately pi]c$ ) a fretwork patt]n1 pa9t$ ) m$allions usually "o sup]ior & two inf]ior1 & gilt1 ! gold be+ usually appli$ ) ! bru%2 ! fan op5+ out to ! ?ird ( a circle4 ,illu/ration3 ,dut* ,fan pa9t$ ) subject ( a botani/ lady1 /ick ivory1 c>v$ pa9t$4 ,sir ,l4 ,alma-,tadema4 ,o4,m41 ,r4,a4 ,an extremely int]e/+ example is decorat$ ) ?ree m$allions1 ! c5tre repres5t+ a sleep+ nymph ) ,cupids4 ,?is =m]ly belong$ to ,georgiana1 ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire1 & 0 pres5t$ to ,que5 ,alex&ra :5 ,pr9cess ( ,wales by ! ,duke ( ,su!rl& 9 remembrance ( 8 "m4 ,! m>riage relations ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales 7aft]w>ds ,george ,,iv47 ) ,mrs4 ,fitzh]b]t =m$ ! subject ( an ivory fan1 exquisitely cut 9 fretwork1 ) ?ree pa9t$ c>t\*es by ,ri*>d ,cosway1 ! c5tre repres5t+ ! ,pr9ce & lady ) ,religion desc5d+ 9 a *>iot po9t+ ) plead+ looks to a figure ( ,hym51 :o hov]s above2 9 ! two o!r c>t\*es ! pair are figur$ 9 ! *>act]s ( ,fidelity & ,con/ancy4 ,?is fan 0 exhibit$ at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahgj2 x appe>$ at ! ,walk] sale 9 #ahhb1 :5 x 0 sold = eighte5 gu9eas4 ,9 #ahhi x 0 9 ! possession ( ,colonel de ,lancey1 & is n[ 9 ! ,h5n9 collection1 ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is4 ,! fan 9 ! ,wyatt collection1 elaborately pi]c$1 pa9t$1 & gilt1 has ?ree m$allions f9ely pa9t$ 9 ! /yle ( ,cosway1 ) two small m$allions ( heads on ! gu>ds4 ,! connect+ ribbon is gre51 ! g5]al col\r effect be+ extremely good4 ,! fan op5s out to a ?ird ( a circle1 ! l5g? ( ! blades #aj in*es4 7,illu/rat$ fac+ p4 #ahb47 ,! leaf-fan belong+ to ,mrs4 ,hung]=d ,poll51 ( ! tak+ ( ,malta1 ref]s to ! surr5d] ( ! isl& to ! ,briti% by ,g5]al ,vaubois1 ! act be+ sign$ & conclud$ on ! #e? ,septemb] #ahjj4 ,! subject is on a l>ge c>t\*e1 occupy+ ?ree-f\r?s ( ! leaf1 ! backgr\nd repres5t+ a /ream] ( lace4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,napoleonic w>s1 a numb] ( ,fr5* prison]s 7 in/all$ 9 ,engl& at ,norman ,cross ne> ,pet]bor\gh1 ,por*e/] ,ca/le1 & ,ed9burgh ,ca/le1 & dur+ _! conf9em5t introduc$ ! process ( /raw m>quetry1 :i* _h be5 practis$ on ! ,cont95t s9ce ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,iii41 & possibly e>li]4 ,boxes1 trays1 decorative pictures1 nick-nacks1 & h&-scre5s 7 made4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury /raw plait+ became va/ly fa%ionable1 & /raw 0 adopt$ = hats1 ribbons1 plumes1 girdles1 & tassels4 ,! fan 0 n beh9dh&1 b foll[$ ! prevail+ ta/e4 ,sev]al ( ^! objects appe> 9 ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 among/ !m be+ two h&-scre5s ) plait$ views4 ,! fa%ion la/$ well into ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :5 an ext5sive manufacture 0 also c>ri$ on 9 ,india 7,b5gal7 = exportation to ,europe4 ,?is *iefly consi/$ ( h&-scre5s ( ! pe>-%ap$ g\rd type1 ru% be+ ! mat]ial employ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,o/ri* ,,fea!r ,,fold+-,,fan 7,f ! portrait gr\p by ,van ,loon at ,am/]dam47 ,! p ( ! ,ne!rl&s h be5 fam\s1 f ! ,middle ,ages onw>ds1 = ! spl5d\r ( _! co/umes4 ,we h an acc\nt ( ,jane ( ,nav>re1 wife ( ,philippe le ,bel1 :o1 ^u ! occasion ( a visit to ,bruges 9 #acja1 0 s mu* /ruck by ! pomp & magnific5ce display$ by ! inhabitants1 p>ticul>ly ! ladies1 t %e exclaim$1 #8,:at d ,i see6 ,i ?\ght ,i alone 0 ,que51 b "h ,i f9d !m by :ole hundr$s4' ,! fact t fans 7 l>gely us$ 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries dur+ ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies is evid5c$ by ! frequ5cy ( _! appe>ance 9 pa9t$ & engrav$ repres5tation4 ,9 ! #8,omnium p5e ,europ1 ,asi1 ,aphric1 atque ,am]ic ,g5tium habitus1' engrav$ by ,a4 de ,brun1 & publi%$ at ,antw]p 9 #aeha1 n9e ye>s ant]ior to ! e>lie/ edition ( ,vecellio1 ! long-h&l$ plum$ fan appe>s 9 ! h&s ( a ,belgian lady2 ! %ort]-h&l$ tuft-fan is also c>ri$ by noble ladies ( ,engl& & ,france4 ,9 ! works ( ! great ,flemi% pa9t]s1 ,v&yck & ,rub5s1 ! rigid fea!r-fan con/antly occurs4 ,illu/ration3 ,an ,(f]+ to ,c]es1 /ick ivory pa9t$ ) a ru/ic sc5e4 ,g]man or ,dut*1 #ba0 #aa04 ,f ,que5 ,victoria's collection4 ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess ,l\ise1 ,du*ess ( ,argyll4 ,9 ! engrav+ by #8,j4 ,cy5s et ,c4 ,morti]1' ( ! family ( ,fr$]ick & ,elizabe?1 ,k+ & ,que5 ( ,bohemia1 ! "y ,pr9cess ,l\ysa holds a d>k o/ri* fea!r-fan ) a mirror 9 ! c5tre4 ,9 ! l>ge portrait gr\p by ,van ,loon at ,am/]dam1 ( ! family ( ,jan ,mi5se ,mol5a]1 a lady holds a fold+-fan ( :ite o/ri* fea!rs1 ! wavy ivory /icks numb]+ five2 9 ! same picture ano!r lady holds a small rigid fea!r-fan compos$ ( ! fea!rs ( "o ( ! small] birds4 ,9 ! engrav$ "w by de ,brun above ref]r$ to1 ! l>ge fold+-fan appe>s con/antly1 ?\gh n 9 ! h&s ( ! ,ne!rl&i% ladies2 ! fa%ion ( ! fan 01 h[ev]1 sub/antially ! same 9 mo/ c\ntries ( ,europe4 ,pa9t$ m\nts appe>$ e>ly1 & 7 also l>ge2 ! extremely int]e/+ m\nt 9 ! possession ( ! ,d[ag]-,m>*ioness ( ,bri/ol be+ probably "o ( ! e>lie/ exi/+ ,dut* examples4 ,! subject evid5tly ref]s to "o ( ! ,dut* settlem5ts 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies1 probably ! t[n ( ,batavia1 built by ! ,dut* 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,"h is repres5t$ a quay1 :]e m]*&ise 7mo/ly fruits & fi%7 is be+ l&$ f boats1 & on :i* buy+ & sell+ is tak+ place4 ,9 ! backgr\nd are build+s ( a ,european "*1 ) a volcanic range ( m\nta9s 9 ! di/ance4 ,a high-ma/$ vessel is moor$ 9 ! bay1 & is p>tially se5 beh9d ! build+s4 ,9 ! imm$iate =egr\nd are two cannon-balls m\nt$ on l[ p$e/als4 ,! long veils & o!r details ( co/ume are simil> to ^? worn by ! ,dut* dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! c5tury1 se5 9 contempor>y engrav+s2 ! rem>kable peak$1 plait$ /raw-hats are practically id5tical ) ^? made by ! natives ( ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago4 ,! leaf1 :i* has be5 remov$ f ! /ick & /ret*$ ^u a frame1 is pa9t$ 9 g\a*e or pap]1 probably a little lat]4 ,( subject fans1 hi/orical or fanciful1 t illu/rat$ f ! collection ( ,miss ,moss 7,antony & ,cleopatra7 is among/ ! mo/ *>m+ 9 its qua9t navet1 & is almo/ c]ta9ly ,dut*4 ,! ,que5 is ab\t to dissolve ! pe>l1 :i* %e exhibits to ! a/oni%$ ,antony & ! s]v+-woman beside h]4 ,cooks 9 ! =egr\nd prep>e ! di%es1 :ile s]vitors c>ry !m to ! table4 ,an old-fa%ion$ *imney-corn] is se5 on ! left1 ) fire-dogs & pot hang+4 ,music is provid$ by h>psi*ord1 lute1 & fiddle4 ,! co/ume is ( a nondescript "*1 ,antony we>+ an extraord9>y plum$ helmet1 ! ,que5 9 erm9$ cloak1 bo? hav+ diadems4 ,! m\nt1 ( sk91 is p>ticul>ly pleasant 9 col\r quality1 & probably belongs to ! la/ ye>s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! /ick & gu>ds ( a lat] date4 ,a /ill f9] example1 simil> 9 ! "* ( ! pa9t+1 ?\gh ( a some:at lat] date1 is ! fan illu/rat$ by graci\s p]mission ( ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess ,l\ise1 ,du*ess ( ,argyll1 fac+ page #a2 ?is 0 ! gift ( ! ,duke ( ,coburg to ,pr9cess ,victoria 7aft]w>ds ,que57 9 #ahcf1 f ! collection ( fans at ,go?a4 ,^! two fan leaves1 z also ,lady ,bri/ol's1 may be accept$ z orig9al productions1 i4e4 ! "w ( arti/s possess+ "s inv5tive p[]1 r ?an1 z 9 ! case ( s _m fan leaves1 m]e transcripts ( well-kn[n pictures4 ,an extremely int]e/+ type ( m\nt has a l>ge vignette1 usually ( two figures1 occupy+ ! c5tre1 or ! :ole field ( ! fan4 ,9 ^! fans ! /icks are ( c>v$ ivory1 (t5 /rongly rem9isc5t ( ,*9ese design1 or hav+ co/ume figures ( ! "* ) :i* we are famili> 9 e>ly woodcuts4 ,two examples 9 ! ,wyatt collection repres5t pa/oral gr\ps1 extremely good 9 /yle1 ! col\r s*eme be+ mo/ effective4 ,illu/ration3 ,dut* ,fan1 ,ivory /ick1 c>v$1 pa9t$1 gilt4 ,mrs ,davies-,gilb]t4 ,illu/ration3 ,dut* ,fan1 #8,pagoda' /ick1 appli$ /raw "w on leaf4 ,mr ,l4 ,c4 ,r4 ,messel4 ,9 ! treatm5t ( ! m\nt ! ,dut* inv>iably foll[$ ! practice ( ,italy & ,france4 ,_m 7 pa9t$ 9 ! ,*9ese ta/e1 "s 9 imitation ( ! f9] fans ( ,*9a4 ,! /icks ( ^! 7 usually ( pi]c$ ivory4 ,an excell5t example 9 ! ,wyatt collection %[s 9 ! c5tre comp>tm5t ! g>d5 ( a ,*9ese h\se1 ) seat$ figures & visitors arriv+4 ,a panel on ! "r repres5ts an a/ronom] mak+ obs]vations1 & on ! left is a fight betwe5 m5 9 boats on a riv]4 ,a capital effect is obta9$ 9 ?is fan by means ( l9e "w 9 gold1 ?is be+ p>ticul>ly effective ov] ! blue wat] 9 ! boat sc5e4 ,! fan illu/rat$ fac+ page #aih is int]e/+ f ! cut-"w ( ! m\nt1 an imitation ( ! cut-"w ,italian fans ( ! sev5te5? c5tury2 9 ?is in/ance1 ! patt]n is produc$ by means ( /amp+1 done be=e ! leaf is pa9t$4 ,! /ick & gu>ds are extremely effective1 & are ( ivory1 pi]c$1 c>v$1 pa9t$ & gilt4 ,flemi% fans are (t5 decorat$ ) subjects f ,scripture hi/ory2 z ,jacob & ,ra*el1 ,abraham ent]ta9+ ! ?ree ,angels1 sc5es f ! lives ( ,elijah1 ,ru?1 & ,boaz2 ^! evid5tly = use at *ur*4 ,a f9e example ( ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury appe>$ at ! ,walk] sale 9 #ahhb1 & pass$ into ! ,franks collection4 ,?is is a cr[d$ composition ( ! passage ( ! ,israelites ?r\gh ! ,r$ ,sea2 ! /ick ( pla9 ivory1 ! gu>ds c>v$ ) figures ( ,bellona4 ,! subject ( ,r9aldo 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,armida also occurs on a fan 9 ! ,wyatt collection1 ! m\nt *ick5 sk91 ! /yle & col\r+ t ( ! lat] ,roman s*ool ( pa9t+4 ,! /ick & gu>ds ( ivory1 c>v$ ) scroll-"w & figures1 ! date ab\t #agjj4 ,embroid]y 0 also employ$4 ,an unusual example1 ! me?od sc>cely to be comm5d$ on acc\nt ( ! weight1 is also 9 ! ,wyatt collection1 ) a naturali/ic l&scape & figures1 ! embroid]$ "w cov]+ ! :ole field ( ! fan1 & consequ5tly r5d]+ x heavy bo? 9 appe>ance & actual weight4 ,! /ick & gu>ds are tortoise-%ell1 pi]c$ & emboss$ ) gold1 probably ( a lat] date ?an ! m\nt1 :i* may be put at c4 #afej4 ,! me?od ( pa9t+ ^u ivory1 ) a subsequ5t cov]+ ( v>ni%1 if inde$ x 0 n anticipat$ by ! ,dut*1 0 practis$ 9 ,holl& concurr5tly ) ! bro!rs ,m>t9 9 ,france4 ,x 0 an in/ance 9 :i* a new dep>ture or fre% inv5tion occurr$ simultane\sly 9 sev]al places1 b :e!r ! ,dut*1 ,italians1 or ,fr5* 7 ! fir/ 9 ! field ) ?is me?od ( decoration1 x is c]ta9 t ! v>ni% 0 p]fect$ by ,m>t94 ,! ivory bris fans ( ! ,dut* 71 l ! ,fr5*1 small 9 size1 & at ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 says ,r$grave1 7 frequ5tly import$ into ,p>is & decorat$ 9 #8,v]nis ,m>t94' ,9 a mo/ effective type ( fan1 ! pla9 cream :ite ( ! ivory =ms "p ( ! decorative s*eme2 ?ree m$allions1 "o l>ge & two small1 ( l&scapes ) figures 9 ! =egr\nd1 =m ! sole decorations2 ! ivory backgr\nd1 ! gre5 connect+ ribbon1 & ! prevail+ blues & gre5s ( ! panels1 con/itute a mo/ pleasant h>mony4 ,^! fans usually op5 out to a little m ?an a qu>t] ( a circle4 ,an example appe>s 9 ! ,wyatt collection4 ,9 ano!r type1 ! pla9 ivory /icks are pa9t$ 9 ! ,*9ese ta/e1 ! fans slightly l>g] ?an ^? previ\sly ref]r$ to4 ,9 "s1 purely ,*9ese motifs are employ$2 9 o!rs1 a semi-naturali/ic arrangem5t ( fl[]s & fe/oons is associat$ ) ! ,m>t9 type ( decoration on ! gu>ds & l[] semicircle ( ! fan4 ,9 an extremely int]e/+ fan 9 ! ,wyatt collection1 ?is pr9ciple is c>ri$ fur!r by ! introduction ( ?ree m$allions ( s+le figures--a man ) a cask ( w9e on 8 back1 hold+ a lant]n & goblet1 & two female figures ( fl[]- & fruit-sell]s2 ! gu>ds & l[] semicircle 9 ! ,*9ese ta/e1 ! blades connect$ by a gre5 ribbon4 ,p]haps ! prettie/ & mo/ *>act]i/ic ( ! ,dut* ivory fans are ^? 9 :i* ! blades are cut 9 f9e op5 "w1 & a bord] ( f #a-a_/b to #b in*es1 delicately pa9t$ ) fl[]s1 fruit1 birds1 & butt]flies4 ,illu/ration3 ,g]man ,fan1 ! gift ( ,h4,r4,h ! ,pr9ce ,consort to ,que5 ,victoria1 pa9t$ ) m$allions ( danc]s c4 ivory /ick1 c>v$1 gilt1 pa9t$ ) m9iatures4 #ba0 #aj-c_/d04 ,h4,r4,h ,pr9cess ,l\ise1 ,du*ess ( ,argyll4 ,illu/ration3 ,pa/orelle1 ,g]man1 /ick f9ely c>v$ ) figures1 canopies c4 giv5 by ! ,pr9ce ,consort to ,que5 ,victoria f ! collection ( ,fans at ,go?a4 ,illu/ration3 ,pa/orelle1 ,fr5* or ,g]man4 ,l&esgew]be ,museum ,/uttg>t4 ,9 "s in/ances ! pr9cipal portions ( ! decoration are ( ?9 ivory appli$ & aft]w>ds pa9t$4 ,9 ^! fans ! connect+ silk ribbon is usually :ite1 & plac$ imm$iately bel[ ! pa9t$ bord]1 in/ead ( on ! edge4 ,?is arrangem5t all[s ! ends ( ! blades to be r\nd$ or o!rwise ornam5t$4 ,s&alwood is pi]c$ & pa9t$ 9 a simil> way to ivory1 =get-me-nots be+ a fav\rite motif = ! decoration1 fir/ on acc\nt ( _! suitability ( s5tim5t--z love-gifts--& also by reason ( ! blue ( ! fl[] h>monis+ ) ! col\r ( ! s&alwood4 ,9 "s examples ! backgr\nd ( ?is =get-me-n wrea? or bord] is pi]c$1 ! connect+ ribbon be+ also blue ( a slightly diff]5t t9t to ! fl[]s4 ,! horn-fans are ei!r pi]c$ entirely 9 flat op5 "w1 or pa9t+ is employ$ z an additional enri*m5t1 bo? sides ( ! fan be+ usually decorat$ ) g>l&s 9 g\a*e4 ,a pretty fan 9 ! ,wyatt collection has five he>t-%ap$ g>l&s ) ! col\r ( ! fl[]s alt]nately r$ & p9k1 ! light-blue connect+ ribbon =m+ a v effective contra/ to ! natural col\r ( ! horn2 inde$ ! connect+ ribbon 9 ea* in/ance =ms a decorative feature1 ! col\rs be+ ( p9k1 blue1 br[n1 or :ite1 z ! col\r s*eme dem&s4 ,! horn is ei!r ( its natural col\r1 or /a9$ to v>i\s hues1 g5]ally saffron4 ,!re are also ! small fans decorat$ ) spangles1 mu* 9 vogue bo? 9 ,holl& & else:]e t[>ds ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury & lat]4 ,! m\nts are ( :ite gauze or net1 decorat$ ) pi]c$ & cut /eel ornam5ts & spangles1 embroid]$ ) gold ?read & braid1 ! /ick & gu>ds usually ( /a9$ horn inlaid ) /eel4 ,a *>m+ example ( ! small spangl$ ,dut* fan is ( silk1 ) an ins]t$ b& ( gauze ornam5t$ ) silv] spangles & /amp$ silv] ornam5ts1 ! /ick & gu>ds ( horn ) ins]t$ spangles4 ,dut* /icks (t5 pres5t qualities :i* are rem>kable & unusual1 ! curi\s example own$ by ,mr4 ,messel be+ a case 9 po9t4 ,?is1 by a device at once simple1 +5i\s1 & effective1 is made to resemble1 :5 clos$1 a ,*9ese pagoda1 & is probably an imitation ( a ,*9ese orig9al4 ,! leaf is ( small int]e/1 be+ poorly pa9t$ 9 ! ,*9ese ta/e2 ! co/umes ( ! figures are1 h[ev]1 ( appli$ /raw ( v>i\s col\rs4 ,! practice ( c>v+ ! edges ( ! clos$ /ick ) figures1 heads1 or ornam5t1 ?\gh n conf9$ to ! ,dut*1 0 employ$ by !m to p]haps a great] ext5t ?an 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,! curi\s example 9 ! possession ( ,sir ,l4 ,alma-,tadema1 %[+ a well-c>v$ head at ! h&le1 pres5ts int]e/ at ei!r front1 side1 or back view ( ! clos$ fan4 ,! leaf also ( ?is fan1 no less ?an ! /ick1 pres5ts po9ts ( exceptional int]e/1 & repres5ts two figures ( a botani/ & lady seat$ 9 a g>d5 laid out ) f\nta9s1 etc41 a villa 9 ! di/ance1 & possibly ref]s to ,l9nu1 & ei!r ! villa ( ,h>manby1 ab\t a league f ,upsala1 :i* he us$ z a summ] resid5ce & conv]t$ into a little univ]sity1 8 pupils foll[+ him ?i!r1 or ! ,que5's g>d5s at ,ulriksdal1 ne> ,/ockholm1 arrang$ by ! illu/ri\s botani/4 ,! great traditional s*ool ( ,g]man design has nev] affect$ ! fan1 nor is x desirable t x %\ld2 ?\gh a plum$ fan1 or1 = t matt]1 a fold+ "o1 design$ by a ,dr] w\ld inde$ be a preci\s possession4 ,g]man fans pres5t no *>act]i/ics peculi> to ! ,teutonic race2 ! type is ,fr5*1 t9ctur$ p]haps by a c]ta9 heav9ess ( effect1 lack+ ! light1 da9ty t\* ( ! ,fr5*4 ,a few1 h[ev]1 rea* a high level ( excell5ce1 & comp>e fav\rably ) ! be/ ,fr5* workman%ip1 notably an e>ly example1 illu/rat$1 :i* appe>$ at ! ,exhibition at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahgj1 giv5 to ,h4,m4 ,que5 ,victoria by ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9ce ,consort1 f ! collection ( fans at ,go?a4 ,9 ?is ! m\nt is vellum pa9t$ ) a pa/orelle1 ! /ick ( ivory1 c>v$ ) a s]ies ( m9iature figures "u canopies1 col\r$1 & gilt4 ,! gu>ds are extremely curi\s1 be+ cyl9drical 9 %ape1 ! l[] segm5t flut$1 ! %\ld] c>v$ ) arabesques1 & surm\nt$ by small heads4 ,illu/ration3 ,telema*us4 ,g]man1 c4#agej4 /ick "m ( pe>l1 c>v$1 gilt4 pa9t$4 ,kun/gew]be-,museum1 ,b]l94 ,illu/ration3 ,love's ,mirror4 ,g]man1 c4#agfj4 ,kun/gew]be-,museum1 ,b]l94 ,ano!r f9e example 7illu/rat$ fac+ p4 #d71 f ! collection ( ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9cess ,l\ise1 ,du*ess ( ,argyll1 0 also ! gift ( ! ,pr9ce ,consort to ,que5 ,victoria1 & is decorat$ ) a s]ies ( m$allions ( danc+ figures1 etc4 ,a type ( fan1 app>5tly peculi> to ,g]many1 common dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury1 has pa9t$ subjects cut out & laid on lace or net1 a k9d ( pa9t+ appliqu1 ! effect extremely good4 ,an example decorat$ ) pa/oral gr\ps 0 exhibit$ at ,s\? ,k5s+ton by ,h4,r4,h4 ,madame la ,comtesse de ,p>is2 ! /ick ivory1 c>v$ j\r1 ) figures laid on gold-foil2 ! foliage1 etc41 col\r$4 ,?is 0 b\ght 9 ,dresd5 ab\t #ahfj4 ,a fan simil> 9 "*1 ! date ab\t #agfe1 0 exhibit$ at ,k>lsruhe 9 #ahij4 #8,if ! fans ( ! eighte5? c5tury1' says ,mr4 ,h4 ,f4 ,holt1#acj #8yield$ 9 grace & elegance to ^? ( ! sixte5?1 !y c]ta9ly 7^u occasion7 exce$$ !m 9 ri*ness & magnific5ce1 ! mat]ials us$ be+ (t5 co/ly ,fl&]s lace1 ! h&les spl5didly ornam5t$ & inlaid ) jewels4 ,z ! climax1 h[ev]1 ( co/ly magnific5ce1' cont9ues ?is writ]1 #8,i w conclude ) a description ( ! fan ( ! ,du*ess ( ,york1 :o1 %ortly aft] h] arrival 9 ,engl&1 display$ a pleat$ fan entirely ( diamonds1 ) an ivory /ick pi]c$ & set ) diamonds 9 a mosaic patt]n2 ! outside ones 7 set ) a s+le r[ ( diamonds1 :il/ v l>ge brilliants fa/5$ ! fan at ! bottom4' ,! eighte5? c5tury 0 inde$1 p> excell5ce1 ! era ( ! fan1 :i* 0 to be se5 9 ! h&s ( e woman1 f pr9cess to peasant4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,engrav$ ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,& ,,eighte5? ,,c5turies4 ,,"p ,i ,illu/ration ,! practice ( engrav+ fans1 begun t5tatively 9 ,italy by ,ago/9o ,c>racci 9 ! latt] half ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & 9 ,france by ,callot some:at lat]1 did n become g5]al until ! close ( ! c5tury t foll[$1 al?\gh two names--^? ( ,abraham ,bosse & ,ni*olas ,loire--/& out prom95tly dur+ ?is int]val4 ,! engrav+ ( ,c>racci ref]r$ to 9 an e>ly *apt] ( ?is "w1 & illu/rat$ opposite1 mu/ be reg>d$ z m]ely a design = a fan1 s]v+ no o!r purpose app>5tly1 9 its engrav$ =m1 ?an z a record ( a type ( fan n[ practically obsolete1 & ( :i* no examples 9 _! complete or orig9al /ate rema9 to u4 ,! e>lie/ engrav$ fans take ! =m ( ! h&-scre5s 9 g5]al use 9 ,italy & else:]e at ?is p]iod4 ,( ^!1 ! engrav+ kn[n z #8l'v5tail de ,callot1' mu* s\ght aft] by iconophili/s1 0 produc$ 9 ! ye> #afai1 & is "o ( ! mo/ e/eem$ plates ( ! ma/]4 ,! subject is a fte or c>nival on ! ,arno1 giv5 at ,flor5ce on ! #be? ( ,july ( t ye> by ! ,corporations ( ,weav]s & ,dy]s1 ! :ole subject be+ enclos$ 9 a *>act]i/ic c>t\*e1 on ! l[] portion ( :i* ! "n #8,jacomo ,callot fec4' appe>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,engrav$ design = ,fea!r ,fan1 by ,ago/9o ,c>acci4 ,h& ,scre51 by ,c4,f4 ,hrman4 ,illu/ration3 ,s*reib] ,colln4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,two /ates ( ?is engrav+ are kn[n4 ,! fir/1 be=e ! inscription on ! ribbon & ! "n on ! c>t\*e1 be+ extremely r>e4#aca ,callot has be5 cr$it$ ) a second fan1 :i* also takes ! =m ( a c>t\*e ( simil> %ape to ! fir/ m5tion$4 ,! subject is a dance 9 a g>d5--six p]sons are se5 danc+ a m9uet be=e an assembl$ company4 ,?is engrav+1 h[ev]1 is rightly ascrib$ by ! be/ au?orities to ,/efano della ,bella4 ,?is subject 0 imitat$ & amplifi$ by ,nicolas ,co*9 ! eld]1 ! composition re>rang$1 a l>g] numb] ( figures introduc$1 ) a diff]5t & m elaborate backgr\nd1 ! c>t\*e be+ simil>4 ,co*9 also produc$ a subject ( ! ,triumph ( ,david1 :o is repres5t$ on horseback1 sword 9 h&1 ) ! head ( ,golia?1 ! c>t\*e copi$ f ,callot1 inscrib$ #8,bal?as> ,montcornet1 ex ,cum privilegio a p>is4' ,ano!r ( ^! engrav$ h&-scre5s consi/s ( a frame compos$ ( two l>ge eagles1 ) ! arms ( ,au/ria & ,m$icis1 enclos+ a view ( ! ,villa ,reale ne> ,flor5ce1 freely et*$ 9 ! mann] ( ,israel ,silve/re4 ,a set ( f\r h&-scre5s 0 engrav$ by ,*ri/oph] ,fr$r4 ,hrman2 pr9ts ( ,nos4 #c & #d appe> 9 ! ,briti% ,museum collection4 ,no4 #c is includ$ 9 ,lady ,*>lotte ,s*reib]'s book1 ,no4 #d be+ reproduc$ "h4 ,! subjects are ballet danc]s 9 fanta/ic co/ume1 accompani$ by1 9 ea* in/ance1 a figure play+ a musical in/rum5t4 ,! di/+ui%$ ,fr5* engrav]1 ,abraham ,bosse 7born #afjb1 di$ #afgf71 engrav$ ?ree fans dur+ ! ye>s #afcg-ch1 mu* valu$ by collectors4 ,! ornam5t ( ^!1 design$ 9 a florid ,r5aissance /yle1 consi/s ( amor9i1 masks1 fe/oons1 etc41 enclos+ m$allions ( my?ological subjects--! fir/ be+ ! bir? ( ,adonis1 ,v5us & ,adonis1 & ! dea? ( ,adonis2 ! second--! ,judgm5t ( ,p>is1 a ,cupid draw+ 8 b[1 & a ,cupid ) a cr[n2 ! ?ird--! f\r ages3 ( gold1 silv]1 bronze1 & iron4 ,no examples ( ^! engrav+s appe> 9 ! ,briti% ,museum collection4 ,a pr9t ( ! ,judgm5t ( ,p>is is 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 b p]mission to reproduce x c\ld n be obta9$4 ,! title-page ( ,ni*olas ,loire's "w1 ,desse9s de gr&s v5tails1 appe>s 9 ! ,s*reib] collection1 toge!r ) six engrav+s f ! "w4 ,?is title-page1 by f> ! mo/ *>act]i/ic design ( ! s]ies1 takes ! =m ( a fold+-fan1 full size4 ,its subject is an arabesque1 compos$ ( a droll ) cap & bells play+ a guit>1 & two fanta/ic danc+ figures on an ornam5tal fe/oon$ plat=m support$ by ! w+s ( female t]m9als2 cornucopia1 amor9i1 vases & fl[]s s]ve to complete ! composition4 ,x is inscrib$3 #8,div]s ,desse9s de gr&s ,ev5tails1 ,ecrans1 et autres ,ornam5s1 ,inv5ts et ,gravs p> ,ni*olas ,loire1 ,a ,p>is *ez ,jomb]t rue ,dauph91 ,no4 #ef1' & sign$ #8,loire fecit4' ,! designs1 :i* measure eight in*es1 are evid5tly int5d$ to =m ! c5tral subjects ( fans1 to be complet$ & col\r$ by h&4 ,!y include #8,! ,judgm5t ( ,p>is1' enclos$ 9 a c>t\*e ) ,cupids1 fruit1 etc42 an ea/]n goddess1 seat$ "u a canopy1 ! drap]y ( :i* is su/a9$ by two s]v+-m52 ,isaac & ,rebekah2 ,! f9d+ ( ,moses2 ,v5us2 & ,europa4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,fte on ! ,arno4 7v5tail de ,callot47 ,briti% ,museum ,! topical fan1 hav+ ref]5ce to royal & di/+ui%$ p]sonages1 or record+ public ev5ts1 0 entirely ! product ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,x 01 broadly speak+1 born ) ! c5tury1 & di$ ) x4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod1 ! engrav$ fan became a purveyor ( hi/ory1 a k9d ( runn+ comm5t>y on ! affairs ( ! h\r4 ,x 0 ! fan ( ! p--! poor relation ( ! m ari/ocratic pa9t$ fan4 #8,ill drawn1 r\ghly modell$1 & (t5 vilely b$aub$1' says ,h5ri ,b\*ot 9 8 ent]ta9+ #8,hi/ory on ,fans1'#acb #8its g5esis is n h>d to det]m9e2 its fa!rs 7 ,callot & ,abraham ,bosse1 & its mo!rs ! coquettes ( ! gr& sicle4' ,we %all1 !re=e1 lightly1 ?\gh p]haps some:at too swiftly1 trav]se ! fasc9at+ p]iod above indicat$1 ) ?is sprightly annotator = guide1 :i* f9ds amusem5t 9 #8,malbr\k' & 8 mock burial1 foll[s ,/anislaus into 8 en=c$ retirem5t 9 ,alsace1 alt]nately sympa?ises ) & mocks at ! woes ( ! un=tunate ,l\is & 8 family1 ) app>5t c>eless non*alance records ! *ief sc5es ( ! reign ( t]ror1 celebrates ! amaz+ triumphs1 & witnesses ! ultimate defeat ( ,napoleon4 ,naval & milit>y ev5ts1 = reasons :i* w be suffici5tly obvi\s1 play a comp>atively unimportant "p 9 ,fr5* fan decoration4 #8,malbr\k' 7,m>lbor\gh7 is1 h[ev]1 lampoon$ 9 ?ree sc5es f ! popul> song ( #8,malbr\k1' said to h be5 compos$ on ! night aft] ! battle ( ,malplaquet1 ,septemb] #aa1 #agji1 & a plagi>ism ( a ,hugu5ot song on ! dea? ( ! ,duc de ,guise1#acc writt5 by ,?odore de ,bze & publi%$ by ! ,abb de la ,place 9 8 collection ( fragm5ts1 ! fir/ v]se ( :i* runs z foll[s3 #8,qui veut our *anson8 7bis7 ,c'e/ du ,gr& ,duc de ,guise2 ,et bon bon bon bon1 ,di dan di dan don4 ,c'e/ du ,gr& due de ,guise6 ,qui e/ mort et ent]r4' #8,malbr\k' provid$ ! subject ( sev]al fans1 ! mo/ popul> v]sions giv+ ?ree vignettes4 ,9 ! c5tre 8 tomb inscrib$ #8,ci ,git ,malbr\k1' gu>d$ by f\r soldi]s4 ,bel[ are portions ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? v]ses3 #8,a l'ent\r de sa tombe ,rom>9 l'on planta4' #8,sur la plus haute bran*e ,le rossignol *anta4' ,on ! left1 8 dep>ture1 ,madame tak+ an affectionate leave2 bel[3 #8,malbr\k s'en va-t-en gu]re4' ,on ! "r1 ! t[]1 ,madame ) telescope1 page br++ news ( ,malbr\k's dea?2 bel[1 a portion ( f\r? v]se3 #8,madame sa t\r monte ,si haut qu'elle peut mont]4' ,on ! back ( ! fan are n9ete5 v]ses ( ! song ) music1 & ! refra93 #8,miron1 ton-ton-ton-miron4' ,an example appe>s 9 ,miss ,moss's collection1 ) ! rev]se only engrav$1 ! obv]se pa9t$ 9 g\a*e on sk91 ! /ick ivory1 pi]c$ & c>v$4 ,sev]al v]sions ( ! engrav$ fan are extant--"o ) simil> arrangem5ts to t above describ$1 & ! ,hi/oire de ,malbr\k 9 ?irty-"o v]ses on ! back4 ,a second has1 = c5tre1 ,malbr\k's body c>ri$ by soldi]s2 on ! left1 ,madame on t[]1 page br++ news1 bo? 9 te>s2 on ! "r ! tomb1 t5 v]ses f ! second "p ( ! song1 fill+ ! field ( ! fan4 ,on a ?ird1 9 ! c5tre1 ,malbr\k tak+ leave2 on ! left1 page br++ news ( 8 dea?2 on ! "r1 ! tomb2 on ! rev]se1 ! v]ses ( ! song1 ) music1 & ! refra93 #8,miron ton-ton-ton-mironta9e4' ,! fan ( #8,la ,coquette1' ) ^? ( #8la ,belle ,*anteuse' & #8le ,galant1' & portraits ( ,babet ! fl[]-girl 7a popul> "* ( ! p]iod71 7 issu$ by ! deal] ,crpy & sold by ! score to ! frequ5t]s ( ! !atre4 ,illu/ration3 ,grotesque ,fan1 9 imitation ( ,callot1 ,fr5* or ,dut*1 #ag? ,c5t4 ,biblio?que ,nationale4 ,la ,coquette h]self1 ) h] pani]s occupy+ ne>ly a ?ird ( ! fan1 demurely takes h] tea4 ,%e is1 d\btless1 ! si/] ( ,mademoiselle ,allur1 :o dances to ! music ( a viola1 :ile ! small half-op5$ fan1 ! fan )9 ! fan1 s+s3 #8,voil un v5taille mon c\s91 ,de plaisante figure4 ,admir son dess91 mon c\s91 ,mais non pas la pe9ture1 ,elle e/ l'allure1 mon c\s91 ,mon c\s9 l'allure6' ,! half-op5$ fan ( #8,la ,coquette' is also provid$ ) a subject ( :i*1 p]haps1 ! less said ! bett]3 #8,cette ,evantail e/ magnifique ,mais defectueux en cela4 ,que p\r la mettre en musique ,il faut dire un sol1 la1 mi1 la4 7,un sot l'a mis l67' ,! peasant girl1 ) h] pani] on hip & pani] on arm1 is also a coquette2 #8,je vais en ,v5dange remplir mon ,pani]1' says %e1 ! sort ( v9tage ! cunn+ ,m>got hopes = be+ suffici5tly obvi\s1 ev5 )\t ! love-knot t loops ! frame ( ! m9iature ) its accompany+ leg5d1 #8,j'ay bi5 des cam>ades sur la place1' & ! knave ( diamonds /&+ h>d by4 ,! #8little air' ) its explanatory picture says3 #8,je v\drois bi5 ,liset-te ,au son de ma musett-te ,je v\drois bi5 ,liset-te ,*>m] vtre langueur2 ,que faittes v\s seulette ,assis dessus l'h]bette ,vtre ame e/ inquiette4 ,qui peut ,caus] vtre langueur ,au son de ma muset-te ,je v\drois bi5 ,liset-te4' ,a pictorial rebus 7ref]r+ to #8l'v5tail magnifique'71 a game bo>d1 a h>lequ91 & a billet-d\x 7,n'oubliez pas le porteur7 complete ! composition2 ! :ole be+ an in/ance ( ! ,p>isian's insatiable love ( bad9age4 ,pr9t$ 9 ,p>is 9 #agcd4 ,9 ,le bal des ,nations1 ! sev]al c\ntries are figur$ z pretty wom5 at a co/ume ball2 ?is repres5t+ ! fan's comm5t on ! decl>ation ( w> ) ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,,vi4 ,ea* ( ! actors ( ! piece deliv]s a song1 ! words ( :i* are pr9t$ r\nd ! top ( ! fan4 ,la ,france s+s3 #8,je suis c]ta9e ,de bi5 cabriol]1 ,ri5 ne me gne1 ,je veux me signal]4 ,je connais mes appas2 ,sur t\t j'aurai le pas1 ,d'un beau boquet p>e1 ,que ,*>les deta*a ,de sa livre4' ,la ,france is foll[$ by ,l',espagne1 ,la ,s>daigne1 ,l',italie1 ,l',allemagne1 ,la ,saxe1 ,la ,russie1 ,la ,pologne1 ,la ,turquie1 ,la ,holl&e & ,l',anglet]re4 ,! air1 7le ,bel ,age71 pr9t$ on ! fan4 ,ev5ts fail$ to be> out ! fan's pr$ictions4 ,! news ( ! defeat ( ,/anislaus 0 c>efully conceal$ f ,que5 ,m>ie1 ! k+ caus+ a special copy ( ! ,gazette to be pr9t$ ann\nc+ h] fa!r's successes4 ,! que51 h[ev]1 rema9$ 9 ignorance b a %ort :ile2 ! fan1 ! popul> newspap] ( ! p]iod1 v spe$ily ann\nc$--#8,capture ( ,dantzic by ! ,russians1 unconditional surr5d]4' ,! picture--,/anislaus escap+ ?r\gh a gateway ) 8 b& ( m\nt$ foll[]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,f\r ,ages4 ,abraham ,bosse #8,malbr\k' crops up aga9 t[>ds ! middle ( ! c5tury2 ! folly ( #8,pant9s'#acd & ,bilboquets _h be5 sup]s$$ by le #8fureur de cabriolets1' to be 9 turn driv5 away by #8,malbr\k4' #8,une ,folie *asse l'autre' exhibits #8,malbr\k' fully equipp$ ) sword & buckl]1 issu+ f a t5t held op5 by a fool 9 cap & motley1 driv+ away figures ( a woman play+ bilboquet1 a danc+ abb ) ,pant91 a cab>et-keep]1 & a man ) flag & lant]n4 ,to ! air ( #8,*acun son ,t\r1' ! fan s+s3 #8,un ri5 suffit p\r n\s sduire ,la n\vaut p> son attrait ,n\s enflame jusqu'au delire ,n\s fait en rire on t\t fait ,et *ez notre nation volage ,malbr\k e/ le ,hros du j\r4 ,*acun son ,t\r ,c'e/ notre usage ,*acun son t\r4 ,au ,bilboquet ,pant9 succ$e ,pant9 fuit devant ,ramponeau l',elgant ,ramponeau ne c$e ,que p\r faire place ,janot ,la ,folie qui n\s guide t\t ge ,am5e ,malb\rg en ce j\r4 ,*acun son t\r1 etc4' ,we h also a satire on ! sep>ation ( ,am]ica f ,engl&1 :o is repres5t$ z a c[1 ) ,am]ica 9 ! act ( saw+ (f its horns2 ,holl& milk+ x2 ,spa9 wait+ to receive ! milk4 ,a lion repres5t+ ,engl& has lo/ its "r paw4 ,to ! left #8,jacques ,rosbif' & a companion 9 despair+ attitudes1 ) ! de$ ( sep>ation & a bale ( goods labell$ #8,,tee4' ,! :ole sc5e is be+ witness$ by a gr\p ( figures repres5t+ ! ,p[]s ( ,europe1 ) a pap] inscrib$ #8poque fatale4 #d ,juillet1 #aggf1 le #ac ,m>4 #aggh4' ,on ! rev]se ! #8,explication de l'emblme' z-- #a4 #8,la ,va*e le ,lion sont le symbole de l',anglet]re4' #b4 #8,la ,corne qu'on a scie la ,va*e1 la ,patte qu'on a c\pe au ,lion1 la tranquillit de ces ,animaux dsign5t la foiblesse l'puisem5t actuels de la ,nation1' etc4#ace ,! capture ( ,granada by ! ,fr5* fleet "u ! ,comte d',e/a+1 9 #agii1 is commemorat$1 ! fan illu/rat+ ! sea-fight betwe5 ,fr5* & ,engli% %ips4 ,! =tunes ( ! ill-fat$ ,l\is ,seize & 8 beautiful consort are foll[$ to ! f9al trag$y ( #agic ) its mom5t\s consequ5ces4 ,we h se5 h[ ! good citiz5s ( ,dieppe celebrat$ ! joyful occasion ( ! bir? ( ! dauph9 by ! gift to ! que5-"m ( a preci\s fan ( c>v$ ivory4 ,on ! m humble pr9t$ fan1 ,immortality1 amid a great conc\rse ( p1 ) fireworks & illum9ations 9 ! backgr\nd1 pres5ts ! royal infant on a cu%ion1 to kneel+1 admir+1 & devot$ ,france1 :o (f]s a basket ( he>ts4 ,! inscription1 #8,le ,dauph9 prs5t p> l'immortalit1 la ,france saisie d'admiration (fre p\r hommage son ,pr9ce *ri les curs unis et respectueux de ses fidles sujets4' ,aga9 ! fan s+s ! bir? ( ! dauph92 9 ?is ! royal infant1 9 lead+-/r+s1 advances to meet ! k+1 8 fa!r1 :o is /&+ ne>4 ,above1 a g5ius floats 9 ! air1 ) a wrea? & two %ields ( arms be>+ fleurs-de-lys & two dolph9s4 ,on ei!r side are v]ses entitl$ #8,*anson sur la ,naissance du ,dauph94 ,air1 de la ,pant\fle4' ,illu/ration3 ,title ,page ( ,nicolas ,loire's #8,desse9s des gr&s ,ev5tails4' ,s*reib] ,colln4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,la ,coquette4 ,biblio?que ,nationale4 #8,vnus1 en ce j\r1 ,comble nos curs d'allgresse ,vnus en ce j\r ,donne naissance l'am\r1 ,franois *rissons1 ,et donnons notre t5dresse ,franois *rissons ,cet augu/e rejetton1' etc4 ,! song ( #8,malbr\k' came once aga9 into fa%ion 9 #aghb4 ,x 0 sung by ! nurse to ! infant dauph91 & h5ce became "o ( ! fav\rite tunes ( ,m>ie-,anto9ette4 ,beaum>*ais introduc$ x into ,le ,m>iage de ,fig>o 9 #aghd1 ! piece hav+ be5 privately p]=m$ be=e ! k+ at ,v]sailles1 ! que5 tak+ ! "p ( ,suzanne4 #8,malbr\k1' say ! au?ors ( ! ,mmoires ,secrets de ,ba*aumont1 #8has become ! h]o ( e fa%ion--to-day ev]y?+ is 8 la ,malbr\k0--ribbons1 head-dresses1 wai/coats1 above all1 hats 8 la ,malbr\k10 & "o sees all ! ladies1 ei!r walk+ 9 ! /reets1 on ! prom5ade1 or at ! play1 8rigg$ out0 9 ?is grotesque c\vre-*ef4' ,mo/ ?+s mundane1 h[ev]1 come to an end soon] or lat]--ev5 ! /> ( ,malbr\k1 9 its turn1 is eclips$3 #8,malbr\ck n'a plus d'empire1 ,les beaux j\rs sont passs1 ,ce gu]ri] a fait rire ,les g5s les plus s5ss1 ,mais *angeant de m?ode ,au gr de nos savans1 ,*acun se pr5d de mode ,p\r les globes m\vants6' ,on a f9e ev5+ at ! end ( ,augu/ #aghc1 ! peasants ( ,gonesse 7 a/oni%$ by a #8bolt f ! blue' 9 ! %ape ( ,pr(essor ,*>les's balloon4 #8,:at is x8' !y exclaim--#8"s /range demon1 or a visitant f ,m>s4' ,! ma*9e1 :i* _h no occupant1 ,k+ ,l\is hav+ object$ to a man risk+ 8 neck1 only escap$ de/ruction by ! int]f]5ce ( ! p>i% prie/4 ,"h1 surely1 0 an opportunity = ! fan1 by :i*1 z a matt] ( fact1 x 0 n sl[ 9 pr(it+4 ,balloon-fans became at once ! mode1 & #8,la ,mode' appropriat$ ! balloon2 hats #8au ballon1' ev]y?+--dresses1 ribbons1 ev5 hair1 #8au ballon4' ,on ,decemb] #a/ ( ! same ye>1 ,,mm4 ,*>les & ,rob]t made _! asc5t 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,tuil]ies4 ,we !re=e h a fan repres5t+ ! dep>ture ( #8les deux intrpides1' ) a gr\p ( spectators1 among :om are two memb]s ( ! ,royal ,h\se1 #8des seigneurs quantit4' ,on ! rev]se1 two l9es ( music & five /anzas ( v]se1 ( :i* ! fir/ runs z foll[s3 #8,de l'a]o/atique sphre franois admirez la spl&eur voyez sa =me circulaire c\p se p> un ,equateur enslevant elle prs5te le sigue qui n\s att5drit c'e/ la maison int]essante 7bis7 des gemeaux quelle n\s ravit4' ,!re 0 an e*o 9 ,engl&4 ,an illu/ration ( ! ev5t =ms ! c5tre subject ( a fan 9 ! ,s*reib] collection4 ,on ! left1 ,biagg9i's ,air ,balloon is ab\t to asc5d2 & on ! "r1 ,! ,fall ( ye ,balloon1 ! confus$ mass be+ view$ ) curiosity by ?ree ru/ics4 ,9 ! foll[+ ,m>*1 ,m4 ,blan*>d made 8 asc5t 9 8 balloon ) f\r rudd]s2 ! ev5t duly record$ on a fan inscrib$ #8,la ,phisico ,mcanique ,ou le ,vaisseau ,volant de ,mr4 ,blan*>d4' ,! song ( f\r /anzas1 #8,oh p>bleu voici du plaisant4 ,vive la ,phisique1' etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,tak+ ( ! ,ba/ille1 #aghi4 ,s*reib] ,colln ,briti% ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,duc d',orlans4 ,miss ,moss4 ,!re 7 pa9t$ z well z engrav$ balloon-fans--) a c5tre m$allion ( two fair damsels view+ #8sa =me circulaire1' a small] m$allion ( a balloon on ei!r side1 ! field ( ! fan 9 ! glitt] ( />s1 spangles1 & dott$ ornam5ts4 ,?us ,c>lyle1 ) 8 *>act]i/ic d\ble ent5te1 philosophis+ on ^! ev5ts3 #8,beautiful inv5tion2 m\nt+ heav5w>d1 s beautifully1--s unguidably6 ,emblem ( mu*1 & ( our ,age ( ,hope itself2 :i* %all m\nt1 specifically-light1 maje/ically 9 ?is same mann]2 & hov]1--tumbl+ :i!r ,fate w4 ,well if x d n1 ,piltre-l1 explode2 & dem\nt all ! m tragically6--,s1 rid+ on w9dbags1 w m5 scale ! ,empyrean4' ,! comm5ts ( ! ,p>isian wits 7 ( a diff]5t ord] to ! cau/ic satire ( ,c>lyle3 9 ! engrav+ by ,s>g5t1 :i* appe>$ 9 all ! glory ( pr9t$ col\r1 a le>n$ b abs5t-m9d$ physici/1 in/ead ( inflat+ 8 silk5 globes1 inflates himself ) ! result t he disappe>$ ?r\gh ! w9d[4 #8,mon pauvre oncle1' exclaims a "y man :o exhibits ! extreme ( grief & despair4 ,a fan leaf #8 l'oncle' appe>s 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 hav+ be5 remov$ f a m\nt4 ,wright1 ,c>icature ,hi/ory ( ! ,georges1 note1 p4 #ede1 says3 #8,! asc5ts 9 ,france dur+ ! ye> #aghd 7 v num]\s1 & excit$ int]e/ ev5 9 ,engl&4' ,horace ,walpole1 writ+ f ,london on ,may #g ( ! foll[+ ye>1 says3 #8,( conv]sation1 ! *ief topic is air-balloons2 a ,fr5* girl1 daught] ( a danc]1 has made a voyage into ! cl\ds1 & 0 9 dang] ( fall+ to e>?1 & be+ %ip wreck$4 ,?ree m balloons sail to-day2 9 %ort1 we %all h a prodigi\s navy 9 ! air1 & !n :at signifies hav+ lo/ ! empire ( ! ocean8' ,beaum>*ais' com$y1 ,le ,m>iage de ,fig>o1 ^u its production 9 ,p>is 9 #aghd1 imm$iately became ! rage1 & enjoy$ its successful run ( a #8hundr$ nights4' ,its /ory suppli$ ! #8book' = ,moz>t's op]a1 :i* _h be5 #8comm&$' by ! ,emp]or 7,joseph ,,ii47 ( ,g]many4 ,?is "w1 fir/ produc$ 9 ,vi5na at ! "t :5 ,italian opposition to ,g]man op]a z repres5t$ by ,gluck & ,moz>t wax$ fi]ce/1 fail$1 be+ s indiff]5tly p]=m$ "u ! direction ( ,sali]i1 ! head ( ! oppos+ faction4 ,at ,prague1 h[ev]1 :]e x 0 subsequ5tly giv51 & :i* 0 outside ! influ5ce ( ,sali]i1 x 0 completely successful1 a circum/ance :i* af=d$ ,moz>t s mu* satisfaction t he decl>$ t he w\ld write an op]a = ! good p ( ,prague1 & !reupon produc$ ,don ,giovanni6 ,:ile ! ,italian opposition to ,moz>t's music 0 s pron\nc$1 ! feel+ ( antagonism 0 by no means reciprocat$ by ! great ,salzburg compos]1 :o wrote a numb] ( v>iations to airs by ,s>ti1 ,paisiello1 & ,sali]i4 ,! beautiful s]ies ( v>iations on ! air #8,mio ,c>o ,adone' f ,sali]i's op]a1 ,la fi]a ai ,v5ezia1 0 compos$ 9 #aggc1 ! op]a appe>+ 9 ,vi5na a ye> previ\sly4 ,two ,fig>o fans appe> 9 ! ,s*reib] collection1 ,briti% ,museum1 ! "o ) a s+le m$allion 9 ! c5tre1 ) sc5e f ! play1 & f\r /anzas ( v]se comm5c+ #8,jadis on voioit ,?alie1' etc42 ! o!r ) a c5tre m$allion & two small] ones1 & ?irte5 /anzas ( v]se comm5c+ #8,curs s5sibles1 curs fidelles1' etc41 ) music4 ,inscrib$ at ! top--#8,vaudeville du ,m>iage de ,fig>o4' ,beaum>*ais collaborat$ ) ,sali]i 9 ! op]a ( ,t>>e1 fir/ produc$ 9 ,p>is 9 #aghg4 ,he claim$ to h l$ ! way to ! ,revolution by ?is piece1 :i* =m$ ! subject ( sev]al fans4 ,?ree sc5es f ,grtry's op]a ( ,ri*>d1 ,cur de ,lion1 fir/ produc$ 9 #aghd1 & p]=m$ ! foll[+ ye> be=e ! k+ & que5 at ,fonta9ebleau1 appe> on a fan1 ! co/umes be+ ( ! p]iod ( ! production ( ! op]a1 ! ladies we>+ ! hoop$ petticoat1 ) long /ream]s f _! heads4 ,on ! rev]se1 two songs comm5c+ #8,que le ,sultan ,salad91' & #8,la ,danse n'e/ pas ce que j'aime4' ,! song #8,o ,ri*>d1 ,o mon ,roi1 l'univ]s t'ab&onne1' :i*1 h[ev]1 does n appe> on ! fan1 became ( hi/oric importance at ,v]sailles1 ,octob] #a1 #aghi4 ,o!r op]atic fans commemorate #8,n9a ou la ,folle p> ,am\r' & #8,ra\l de ,crqui' by ,dalayrac1 produc$ 9 #aghf & #aghi respectively4 ,! fir/ nam$ has a s+le sc5e ) f\r figures 9 ! c5tre ( ! fan1 & v]ses head$ #8,romance de ,n9a1 ,*ante p> ,mme4 ,dugazon4' ,! second mu* m elaborate1 ) "o l>ge & two small] panels1 v]ses & music f ! op]a on ! back ( ! fan4 ,?ree sc5es f ,dezde's ,alcidor1 produc$ #aghg1 commemorate an op]a ( :i* bo? compos] & music are n[ =gott54 ,! decorations are et*$ & rudely col\r$ by h&2 ! /icks walnut1 inlaid ) ivory4 ,?ree h&-scre5s appe>$ ) a sc5e f ! fir/1 second1 & ?ird acts respectively ( ,fan*on ,la ,vielleuse1 a ,fr5* v]sion ( ,himmel & ,kotzebue's op]etta1 ,fan*on1 das ,ley]md*51 produc$ at ,b]l9 9 #ahje4 ,^! te/ify to ! transi5t popul>ity ( a n[ almo/ =gott5 compos]4 ,! scre5s are ( c>dbo>d1 col\r$ grey-br[n1 %ield-%ap$1 hav+ an oval m$allion engrav$ 9 l9e & col\r$ by h&4 ,on ! rev]se1 extracts f ! libretto4 ,( plays we h an illu/ration ( a sc5e f ,voltaire's trag$y ( ,brutus1 fir/ produc$ 9 ,p>is 9 #agcj1 & reviv$ 9 #agij1 ! names ( ! sev]al *>act]s inscrib$ bel[ ! figures4 ,on ano!r fan1 ?ree sc5es f ,*ni]'s play ( ,*>les ,,ix4 ou l'cole des ,rois1 :i* appe>$ 9 ,p>is 9 #aghi4 ,on ! rev]se1 a long quotation f ! second sc5e ( ! ?ird act4 ,an adv5ture ( ,philippe-galit1 ,duc d',orlans1 provid$ ! subject ( sev]al fans4 ,! /ory is relat$ at l5g? ^u a fan :i* %[s ! int]ior ( a cottage :]e ! ,duke1 dur+ a walk ne> ,b5cy1 9 ,janu>y #aghf1 _h /opp$ to ask = a breakfa/4 ,! peasant's wife 0 at ! po9t ( *ildbir?1 & 0 actually deliv]$ :il/ ! unkn[n pr9ce #8que la ,france admire' ate 8 frugal meal ( bread & *eese4 ,) 8 natural bonhomie he propos$ himself z godfa!r1 & only at ! sign+ ( ! regi/] he disclos$ 8 id5tity by exhibit+ 8 #8cordon-bleu4' ,a fan 9 ! ,s*reib] collection %[s ! int]ior ( a p>i% *ur*1 ) ! pr9ce /&+ z sponsor4 ,! inscription1 #8,c\plets ddis ,s4,a4,s4 ,monseigneur le ,duc d',orlans4' #8,admirons son noble c\rage1 ,son ,joquet se tr\ve en dang]1 ,ce ,hros se jette la nage1 ,ri5 ne lui p>oit trang]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,exaltons le ,pr9ce fait homme ,clbrons ses nobles v]tus ,et qu'en t\s lieux on le r5ome ,comme on a r5om ,titus1 f94' ,! assembly ( notables is duly record$4 ,we see maje/y en?ron$ ) a royal pr9ce on ei!r side2 ,monsieur de ,calonne reads 8 spee*1 a cl]k seat$ at ! table4 ,inscrib$ at ! top ( ! fan1 #8,l',assemble des ,notables comm5ce le #bb ,fvri] #aghg4' ,on ! rev]se1 ! k+'s oration1 ) ! extract f t ( ,monsieur ,calonne1 toge!r ) a song entitl$ #8,ronde ,joieuse l',occasion de l',assemble des ,notables4'#acf ,c>lyle ?us ref]s to ! popul> comm5ts ^u ?is ev5t3--#8,! gap+ populace gapes ov] ,wood-cuts or ,copp]-cuts2 :]e1 = example1 a ,ru/ic is repres5t$ convok+ ! ,p\ltry ( 8 b>ny>d1 ) ?is op5+ address3 8,de> animals1 ,i h assembl$ y to advise me :at sauce ,i %all dress y )02 to :i* a ,cock respond+1 8,we don't want to be eat510 is *eck$ by 8,y w&] f ! po9t 7,v\s v\s c>tez de la "q740 ,laught] & logic2 ballad-s+]1 pamphlete]2 epigram & c>icature3 :at w9d ( public op9ion is ?is--z if ! ,cave ( ! ,w9ds 7 bur/+ loose6' ,( ! ev5ts :i* imm$iately prec$$ & culm9at$ 9 t ( ! #ad? ,july1 ! fan says little1 except 9 ref]5ce to t dread disease #8consumption ( ! purse4' ,! p h _! ,/ates-,g5]al--! k+ is repres5t$ z lean+ ^u a bu/ ( ,neck]1 & hold+ a cornucopia f :i* issues gold2 inscrib$ above1 #8,l',heureuse ,union des trois tats ,gnraux s\s le bon plaisir de ,l\is ,augu/e ,,xvi4 p> les so9s de ,mr4 ,neck] en #aghi4' ,on ano!r fan 7bris7 ! ?ree ord]s ( cl]g1 noblesse1 & ,ti]s tat appe> repres5t$ by s+le figures 9 m$allions4 ,( two fans hav+ ref]5ce to ! en=cem5t ( public contributions by ,neck]1 "o figures ,l\is & ! dauph9 /&+ be=e an op5 box1 ) a ,neck]1 :o has develop$ w+s1 op5+ ! box & ab/ract+ a bag ( money3 o!r matt]s1 less significant1 appe>4 ,on ! o!r fan is figur$ a lady & g5tleman 9 a c>riage driv+ ?r\gh a wood1 ) a p>cel "u ! c>riage inscrib$ ,contributions2 an (fic] ) a woman rid+ on ! opposite side ( ! fan1 ! two meet+ at ! junction ( ! two roads4 ,& s we rea* ! lurid #ad ,juillet4 ,to describe ?is siege ( ! ,ba/ille passes ! tal5t ( mortals2 h[ mu* m t ( ! frail fan6--,( ! actual /orm+1 !re=e1 n a ^w2 we are giv5 in/ead a view ( ! =tress ) ! :ite flag float+ f ! turret4 ,m4 de ,launay's h\se is 9 flames1 he himself is l$ betwe5 ,jam & ! clock-mak]1 ,hem]t1 "u arre/4 ,ano!r fan gives u a view ( ! ,ba/ille ) ! drawbridge d[n1 ,de ,launay wr++ 8 h&s1 bemoan+ 8 fate1 l$ prison]4 ,on ! "r ( ! fan are soldi]s head$ by lie ) ! pap] ( capitulation on ! end ( 8 sword1 two ,invalides implor+ m]cy4 ,a ?ird fan %[s1 9 a l>ge m$allion1 a view ( ! battlem5ts1 ) an un=tunate soldi] be+ flung f ! height1 z ,de ,launay himself _h be5 ?reat5$4 ,9 ! =egr\nd ,de ,launay dragg$ 9 cu/ody4 ,! fan 7bris7 /rung ) a tricol\r ribbon4 ,9 a f\r? fan ! ,ba/ille is relegat$ to ! di/ance1 a company ( soldi]s drawn up at its gates4 ,9 ! =egr\nd ,lib]ty is seat$ ) cap 9 "o h&1 & 9 ! o!r a scroll labell$ #8poque de la ,lib]t4' ,above1 a w+$ figure bl[+ a trumpet1 on ! drap]y ( :i* is inscrib$ #8,prise a la ,ba/ile le #ad ,juilet #aghi'2 9 ! "r h& a cockade3 ! subject =m+ a m$allion m\nt$ 9 ! c5tre ( an ivory fan cut 9 fretwork & decorat$ ) trophies1 etc41 9 gold & col\r4 ,an example ( ?is fan 0 sold at ! ,walk] sale 9 #ahhb4 #8,s\v5ir de la ,ba/ille' gives a view ( ! build+ ) neighb\r+ /reet4 #8,imp et ,fabrique d',ev5tails ,rabiet4 ,j4 ,gann ,succ #fc ,b\ld ,mnilmontant1 ,p>is4 ,degovrnay1 diteur4 #bh ,rue ,maz>9e1 ,p>is4' ,on ! back--fleurs de lys & ,vive le ,roy1 #aghi4 ,a six? %[s ! conqu]ors issu+ f ! drawbridge1 ,de ,launay & #8,le lieut5ant' 9 great di/ress2 on ! rev]se ! fan s+s #8,l'poque de la ,lib]t'3 #8,vive ,vive la lib]t1 ,c'e/ le cri de t\te la ,france1 ,le ,p>isi5 e/ en gat1 ,il va combattre1 en assurance ,le bonheur dsir longtems ,ne se voit plus en quilibre1 ,t\s les curs se tr\v5t cont5s1 ,vive le roi d'un peuple libre4 99 99 99 99 99 #8,a ,dieu ,ba/ille1 dieu ,ca*ots ,sj\r jamais excrable1 ,plus de victimes ni de maux ,dans votre ence9te abom9able1 ,bi5tt nos yeux bl\is ,comme on en voit aux bords du ,tibre ,la ,colonne portant ,l\is ,annonc]a le peuple libre4' ,! ,ba/ille has vani%$1 ! fan rema9+ z s\v5ir to be sold = a few s\s1 & flutt]$ by ! *eek ( "s light-he>t$ grisette4 #8,ti5s6' %e exclaims1 #8,la prise de ,la ,ba/ille6 c'e/ belle1 n'e/-ce pas8' z happily ignorant ( ! tr5d ( ev5ts z maje/y 9 its gild$ *amb]4 #8,mais1' says ! poor k+1 #8c'e/ une rvolte6' #8,sire1 x is n a revolt1--x is a revolution4' ,! era ( univ]sal lib]ty has inde$ arriv$4 ,9 #8,les ,droits de l',homme1 #aghi1' ,lib]ty dons h] cap1 seats h]self ^u a p$e/al to be salut$ by all good citiz5s ) song1 dance1 & fl[]s2 ! =m]1 duly inscrib$ on ! fan1 comm5c+ #8,veillons au ,salut de l'empire4' ,9 a v>iation ( ?is subject ,la ,lib]t holds a plummet & triangle 9 h] "r h&1 9 ! o!r a /aff surm\nt$ by a cap ( ,lib]ty2 ! p$e/al inscrib$1 #8,lib]t1 galit1 ,frat]nit1 ,unit4' ,9 a ?ird fan ,la ,lib]t becomes #8,patrone des ,franais1' & is /ill provid$ ) plummet & cap4 ,9 #8,le ,s]m5t ,civique1 #aghi1' ! attributes only ( ,lib]ty appe>1 9 ! %ape ( ?ree flam+ he>ts & cap on a flam+ alt>4 ,mayor ,bailly & ,lafayette take ! oa?1 to ! accompanim5t ( a song comm5c+ #8,franais1 qu& je p5se nos maux4' ,! ,revolution is !re=e sanction$--"o ( its e>lie/ results be+ ,le ,dmnagem5t du ,cl]g4 ,on ! fan we see a gr\p ( bi%ops1 monks1 nuns1 a numb] ( s]vants c>ry+ furniture & o!r effects4 ,a bi%op1 ) pipe & bottle1 is seat$ on ! top ( a baggagewagon on :i* is inscrib$1 #8,j'ai p]du mes bnfices1 ,ri5 n'gale ma d\leur4' ,a monk1 also smok+1 is rid+ on ! horse & fl\ri%+ a flag inscrib$1 #8,guidon4' #8,messieurs ( ! ,cl]gy1 y h to be %av$2 if y wriggle too mu*1 y w get cut4'#acg ,9 ! #8,dsespoir des ,p5sionnaires1' we are introduc$ to a gr\p ( figures :o are bewail+ _! loss2 a mess5g] 9 cockad$ hat is deliv]+ ! notices4 ,cockades1 inde$1 7 at ?is p]iod #8de rigueur'--! ladies wore !m 9 front ( _! head-dresses--wore gauze bonnets trimm$ on ei!r side ) !m1 a great b[ ( tricol\r$ /ream]s at ! back4 ,/ripes ev]y:]e--/ripes & cockades1 cockades & /ripes--/ripes on ! dresses1 slipp]s1 & ev5 ! huge muffs ( ! wom52 /ripes on ! wai/coats1 /ock+s1 & gloves ( ! m54 ,! patriotic ,fr5*m5 & ,fr5*wom5 ( #aghi 7 ! v inc>nation ( ! tricol\r2 x 0 ! symbol ( ! gospel ( ! ,revolution1 ,blue ( ,lib]ty1 ,:ite ( ,equality1 ,r$ ( ,frat]nity4#ach ,! ,fte de la ,fdration1 #agij1 is commemorat$ on a fan giv+ 9 ! c5tre a view ( ! alt> 9 ! ,*amp de ,m>s1 ) ,lafayette wav+ ! tricol\r1 ! fan incrib$ #8,le ,s]m5t fait sur l',autel de la ,patrie le #ad ,juillet #agij1 la voix de ,mr4 la ,fayette1 ,major de la ,confdration s'e/ fait ent5dre au ,*amp de ,m>s4' ,on ei!r side are bu/s ( ,k+ ,l\is & ,lafayette1 inscrib$ #8,l\is ,,xvi41 ,roi des ,franais n ,v]sailles le #bc ,a\/ #aged4' #8,m4 ,de ,la ,fayette ,com4 ,gn4 de la ,g>de ,nat4 ,p>isi5ne4' ,on ano!r fan ! alt>1 ) surr\nd+ boo?s1 ar*es1 etc41 & gr\ps ( soldi]s danc+4 ,on ei!r side eight v]ses ( a poem1 comm5c+1 #8,voil la ,fte de la ,fdration1' etc41 to ! air #8,vive ,h5ri ,,iv4'#aci ,illu/ration3 ,! ,abolition ( ! ,slave ,trade4 ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is4 ,illu/ration3 #8,cabriolet' ,fan4 ,s*reib] ,colln4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,! #8,day ( ,poign>ds' 7,febru>y #bh1 #agia7 approa*es1 & fri5ds ( ,royalty 7les *evali]s de poign>d7 rally r\nd ! son ( sixty k+s4 ,we all "k ! issue3 *evali]s retreat$ ) great] exp$ition ?an !y came--flung ignom9i\sly d[n/airs into ! d>kness ( ! ,tuil]ies g>d51 accel]at$ by ignom9i\s %ov+s f ! s5tries--#8spurn+s a po/]iori1 n to be nam$4'#adj ,our v]aci\s *ronicl] ! fan provides u ) a repres5tation ( ! sc5e4 ,! inscription1 #8,are/ation e ,ds>mem5t de g5s au suspects ,*au des ?uil]ies le #bh ,fer #agia #aj;h du soir1' ) six v]ses ( a revolution>y song1 entitl$1 #8,la ,soire des ,poign>ds1' ! refra93 #8,quoi l'habit bleu v\s fait peur ,valeureux ,ari/ocrates1 ,quoi l'habit bleu v\s fait peur ,brave ci-devant ,seigneur4' ,! ev5t ( ! #bnd ( ,april c\ld n pass )\t ! fan's comm5t2 we !re=e h a m$allion pr(ile portrait ( ,mirabeau1 inscrib$1 #8,honor ,gabriel ,riquetti1 ,cte de ,mirabeau4 ,mort le #b ,avril #agia4' ,a second ,mirabeau fan1 9 ! possession ( ,m4 ,philippe de ,sa9t-,alb91 has 9 ! c5tre a portrait bu/1 above :i* is inscrib$1 #8,honor ,gabriel ,riquetti ,mirabeau1' & #8,je combattrai les factieux de t\s les p>tis'2 on ei!r side ( ! portrait two m$allions1 ! subjects includ+ ,mirabeau z tribune1 & ! great orator on 8 dea?b$4 ,assignat-fans1 #agia1 ref] to ! difficulties ) respect to pap]-money1 ! woes ( ! hold]s ( r5tes1 :5 pap]-money 0 n wor? "o-t5? ( its face value1 & draw a contra/ betwe5 ! ,dives ( ! pa/ & ! f9anci] ( ! pres5t4 ,on ! obv]se1 a m$ley ( assignats ( #agia-b2 on ! rev]se1 ! two ,jeans1 ! "o 9 ragg$ clo?+ & poor surr\nd+s1 weep+ ov] 8 assignats1 cry+1 #8,ils sont tombs' & #8,v\s tes ,etonns1 je m'en app]ois ,bi53 ,qu'avec du papi] je ne possde ,ri5'2 ! o!r1 #8,jean qui ,rit1' ! speculator1 :o ex*anges "o l\is d'or = #aj1jjj livres 9 assignats1 is seat$ at a table ) a l>ge c(f] & num]\s bags fill$ ) gold4 ,he po9ts to 8 bro!r #8,jean qui ,pleure' & says1 #8,il se dsole1' & #8,a de c]ta9es g5s1 je ne me suis po9t fi4 ,ce ,rsultat p\r moi1 vaut mieux que du papi]4' ,on sev]al assignat-fans ! money c>d1 ! sev5 ( diamonds1 is introduc$1 its significance be+ suffici5tly obvi\s4 ,& royalty 9 its gild$ saloon1 :at has become ( x8 ,h[ f>es x ) ! poor ,l\is & 8 devot$ family8 ,t flight f ! ,rue de l'*elle 9 ! d>kness ( ! night ( ! #bj? ,june #agia1 :5 ! lady %ad$ 9 broad gypsy-hat1 tapp$1 f %e] playfulness1 ) h] bad9e--#8light little magic rod su* z ! ,beautiful !n wore--! :eel ( ,lafayette's c>riage z x roll$ pa/'2 ?is goes unrecord$1 z also ! incid5t 9 ! village ( ,sa9te-,m5eh\ld1 :5 ,po/-ma/] ,dr\et recognises a famili> face 9 ! lady ) ! sl\*$ gypsy-hat & ! #8,grosse-,tte' 9 r\nd hat & p]uke4 #8,quick1 ,sieur ,guillaume1 ,cl]k ( ! ,directoire1 br+ me a new ,assignat6 ,dr\et comp>es ! ,pap]-money ,picture ) ! ,gross ,head 9 r\nd hat !re3 by ,day & ,night6 y might say ?is "o 0 an attempt$ engrav+ ( ! o!r4'#ada ,& s ev5t succe$s ev5t--ov] ! f9al trag$y ( ! #ba/ ,janu>y #agic1 no less ?an ov] ! m pite\s sc5e ( ,octob] #af1 ! fan discreetly draws a veil4 ,illu/ration3 ,napoleon %[s 8 troops ! *annel1 #ahjc4 ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is4 ,sev]al fans h = _! subject ! ,te/am5t du ,l\is ,,xvi41 & give m$allion portraits ( ! k+ & v>i\s memb]s ( 8 family1 ) ! symbol ( immortality2 ! inscription1 #8,te/am5t ,de ,l\is ,seize1 ,n ,le #bc ,a\/ #aged4 ,mort le ,lundi #ba ,janvi] #agic4' ,on ! sides or rev]se ( ! fans1 ! w writt5 out at l5g?4 ,9 #8,le ,songe1' a female figure is repres5t$ asleep2 on a tomb 9 ! c5tre ( ! fan1 a figure ( ,l\is appe>s :5 ! fan is plac$ aga9/ ! light2 ! repres5tation be+ veil$ or conceal$ by means ( a ?9 piece ( pap] pa/$ ov] x4 ,m\rn+-fans 7 common ) ! m loyal portion ( ! community2 ^! also consi/$ ( conceal$ portraits ( ,l\is & 8 family1 & are usually decorat$ ) black gauze & spangles2 ! inscription1 #8,vive le ,roi6' ,a fav\rite device 0 a pansy or he>t's-ease 7#8t's = ?\ghts'71 ) ! portraits appe>+ on ! pr9cipal petal1 ^u ! fan be+ held aga9/ ! light4 ,^! obta9$ lat]1 :5 popul> op9ion1 becom+ tir$ ( ! ,revolution & its consequ5ces1 0 aga9 ve]+ r\nd 9 ! direction ( ,royalty4 ,b :o is ?is pale-fac$ citoy5ne ( ari/ocratic mi51 9 high #8con/itutional' hat1 ) black cockade1 fan 9 h&1 ask+ leave to speak ) citiz5 ,m>at8444 ,*>lotte's fan is m5tion$ 9 ! deposition ( ,laur5t ,bas1 :o 0 work+ 9 ! h\se at ! "t2 c]ta9 x is t ! fan 0 n rel9qui%$ :5 ! bl[ 0 /ruck4 ,! #8trade1' fe>ful le/ ! ev5t %\ld ca/ discr$it on _! goods1 imm$iately br\ght out fans #8 la ,m>at4' ,! mo/ popul> ( ^! reproduce ! tribune ) ,lepelleti]1 ,*>li]1 & ,b>ras4 ,?is1 ) its burd5 ( pikes & caps ( ,lib]ty1 0 b\ght by ! ,jacob9 cu/om]s at =ty-eight livres a gross4 ,an example occurs 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 :]e1 s+ul>ly en\gh1 x is pa/$ 9 an album be>+ ! arms ( ,m>ie-,anto9ette1 & is believ$ to h be5 arrang$ by ! que5 h]self4#adb ,on ano!r fan1 #8,lib]ty' is seat$ betwe5 m$allion portraits ( ,m>at & ,lepelleti]2 ! inscription1 #8,m>at1' #8,lib]t ,unit1' #8,peleti]4' ,ultimately ! ev5t itself figur$ z ! pr9cipal subject ( a fan1 ,*>lotte be+ repres5t$ z c>ry+ a dagg] 9 "o h& & a fan 9 ! o!r4 ,! debate on ! #d? ,febru>y #agid on ! abolition ( ! slave-trade =ms ! subject ( a fan 7illu/rat$74 ,?ree ye>s previ\sly1 ,grgoire & ,robespi]re _h pass$ an act :]eby col\r$ p]sons born ( free p>5ts 7 plac$ on an equality ) :ites4 ,! fan-mak]s1 ev] ready to seize ^u a popul> incid5t1 promptly issu$ a fan ) five figures1 repres5t+ #8,france1' #8,m]cury1' #8,! ,colonies1' #8,engl&1' & ! #8,unit$ ,/ates1' hold+ scrolls ) inscriptions 9 ,engli%1 h]aldic devices on ei!r side4 ,la ,france1 ) %ield be>+ /aff ( ,unity & cap ( ,lib]ty1 is say+1 #8,we f9d true happ9ess b by mak+ o!rs happy4' ,m]cury1 hold+ fett]s1 says1 #8,don't g to deceive me nor believe y w escape4 ,i ext5d my p[] ov] ,sea & ,l&1 & my v5geance w f9d y ev5 at ! end ( ! ,_w4' #8,! ,colonies1' dress$ aft] ! fa%ion ( ,m>montel's ,incas1 exclaims1 #8,*>m+ hope ( ,lib]ty1 come & com=t my agitat$ he>t4' ,engl&1 cr[n$1 ) a leop>d cr\*+ at h] feet1 & hold+ #8,! ,colonies' by ! h&1 says1 #8,%e (f]s me ,gu9eas4' ,! ,unit$ ,/ates is repres5t$ by a black woman1 plum$1 ) a %ea? ( arr[s ov] h] %\ld]2 ! inscription1 #8,indep5d5ce & trade all ov] ! globe4' ,! et*+ is sign$ #8,m>t94' ,illu/ration3 ,! project$ invasion ( ,engl& by ,napoleon1 #ahjc4 ,biblio?que ,nationale4 ,cabriolets _h appe>$ mu* e>li]1 & _h cont9u$ 9 fav\r4 ,^! =m$ ! subject ( pr9t$ z well z pa9t$ fans4#adc ,f ,cabriolets x is b a /ep to ,incroyables1 :o _h _! incr$ible cabriolets z well z _! racehorses ) slim legs & tails cropp$ almo/ to ! root1 ! fan-mak]s indulg+ ! public 9 _! new-f\nd ,anglomania4 ,9 ^! curi\s pr9ts1 a numb] ( :i* 7 produc$ by ,c>l ,v]net1 ev]y?+ is incr$ible--! :eels ( ! #8cabs' incr$ibly ?91 ! seats incr$ibly high1 ! figures ( bo? sexes incr$ibly tall & att5uat$4 #8,cabriolets1' says ,m]ci]1 #8are made light] e day to give increas$ spe$ 9 ! race = weal?4444 ,!re are n[ ?ree ?+s to admire 9 a fa%ionable 8cab0--! silv] body1 ! :eels1 & ! horse2 ! :ole ?+1 includ+ ! own] & 8 groom1 ought n to weigh m ?an a good-siz$ portmanteau4' ,incr$ibility became ! ord] ( ! day4 ,! fa%ionables1 :o abhorr$ ! ,revolution1 adopt$ an incr$ible me?od ( demon/rat+ _! s5tim5ts2 hair 0 cut incr$ibly %ort beh9d1 z x _h be5 cut = ! victims ( ! scaffold dur+ ! reign ( t]ror4 ,fur!r to recall ! sc5e1 !y let x fall z at ! mom5t ( execution ov] _! eyes1 ?is be+ ! /yle la victime4 ,a balle des victimes 0 giv5 by its vot>ies1 to :i* no woman 0 admitt$ :o _h n _h a relative guillot9$4#add ,once aga9 assignat-fans made _! appe>ance3 ^u ! dea? ( ! ,republic & ! bir? ( ! ,directoire1 :5 ! p5dulum ( public op9ion 0 once m sw++ 9 ! direction ( ,royalism1 ! assignats be+ arrang$ s t ! k+'s head appe>$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! fan4 ,^!1 ) defiant glances1 7 flutt]$ "u ! noses ( ! police by ! fair ari/ocrats ( ! ,palais galit4#ade ,!n came ! p]iod ( ! wor%ip ( ,nature & ! triumph ( ,r\sseau1 ) ! cry ( #8,long live ! au?or ( mile1 ,le ,contrat ,social1 ,la ,n\velle ,hlose6'1 ,jean-,jacques be+ glorifi$ 9 a triumphal c> drawn by two bullocks g>l&$ ) roses4#adf ,dur+ ! tempor>y lull by :i* e /orm is foll[$1 ! pret]naturally high-wai/$ ladies bani%$ ennui by devotion to ! ,love-,god2 & we h _m #8,ruses de l',am\r'1 #8,triomphes de l',am\r1 etc4 ,caglio/ro _h "s ye>s previ\sly dep>t$ p\r #8l',isle de ,mal!4' ,m>at1 ,danton1 ,robespi]re1 _h be5 sev]ally remov$ f ! sc5e ( _! activities3 ! fan-mak]s 7 at ! po9t ( despair at ! abs5ce ( a new s5sation1 :5--ent] le petit ,caporal666 ,among ! myriad fans record+ ! multif>i\s activities ( ?is amaz+ p]sonality1#adg we h a repres5tation ( ,wurms] surr5d]+ 8 sword to ! "y g5]al1 a small m$allion on ei!r side ( ! battle1 & a view ( ! city3 ! inscription1 #8,a ,buonap>te ,vi554' ,! bord]1 =m$ ( ! ^w #8,buonap>te' 9 l>ge capitals surr\nd$ by rays ( light1 ^! alt]nat$ by laurel wrea?s2 ! fan excell5tly engrav$ by ,b]taux4 ,at ! psy*ological mom5t ( ,bonap>te's appe>ance at ! banquet giv5 9 8 hon\r at ! #8,salle d'audi5ce1 #aj ,dec4 #agig4' 8 #8/>1' 9 ! %ape ( ! planet ,v5us1 appe>$ 9 ! heav5s at midday4 ,"h inde$ 0 an opportunity = ! fan-mak]s1 :o promptly produc$ a fan ( an a/rolog] ) telescope1 surr\nd$ by an excit$ cr[d1 :o decl>$ ! appe>ance to be a comet4 ,?is1 says ,h5ri ,b\*ot1 gave ! signal to ! ,agrables :o dress$ !mselves & _! hair la comte1 l'toile1 & %[]$ />s 9 all directions4 ,we also h a ref]5ce to ! proposals ( peace to ! alli$ p[]s by ,napoleon on 8 elevation z ,fir/ ,consul 9 #agii4 ,bonap>te is "h cr[n$ by ,fame & ,peace2 po9ts to a map ( ,europe held by a figure ( ! ,fr5* ,republic1 :o also be>s ! tricol\r inscrib$1 #8,n\velles ,rpubliques1 ,rgne des ,arts1 ,alliance avec les ,franais4' ,f a p$e/al ! ,fr5* cock utt]s its cl>ion note4 ,to ! left1 ,victory inscribes on a monum5t ! names ( ,napoleon's g5]als4 ,above 9 a glory ! leg5d1 #8,paix ,glorieuse ,an ,,vi4' ,illu/ration3 ,adv5ture 9 ,russia4 ,s*reib] ,collection ,briti% ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,m>riage ( ,napoleon ) ,m>ie ,l\ise4 ,biblio?que ,nationale1 ,p>is4 ,on ano!r fan ref]r+ to ! same ev5t1 ,napoleon is discov]$ /&+ by a figure ( ,peace :o be>s ! olive bran*2 ! inscription1 #8,bonap>te et ,la ,paix4' ,"r & left are figures ( ,comm]ce & ,agriculture1 & 9 ! backgr\nd a gr\p ( peasants express _! joy4 ,9 ! really h&some fan engrav$ 9 /ipple by ,godefroy we h an apo!osis ( ,bonap>te4 ,a bu/ ( ! ,emp]or )9 an oak wrea? occupies ! c5tre1 ) ! g5ii ( ,immortality & ,pl5ty be>+ _! attributes2 on ei!r side1 allegories ( ,peace & ,w> 9 m$allions associat$ ) arabesque4 ,! inscription1 #8,dess9 ,p> ,*audet1 ,fonta9e et ,p]si]2 ,grav ,p> ,godefroy4'#adh ,! great #8,desc5te en ,anglet]re1 #ahjc1' =ms ! subject ( a numb] ( fans4 ,napoleon1 to ! accompanim5t ( ,fame's trumpet & ! rataplan ( ! drum-major1 %[s 8 troops ! ,*annel1 & po9ts to ,/4 ,paul's767 & ! ,t[] 7,fr5* v]sion71 on an isl&4 ,! ,*annel is tunnell$ 79 imag9ation71 troops p\r ?r\gh ) ammunition1 cannon1 & o!r p>aph]nalia ( w>4 ,above1 a fleet ( vessels on ! sea1 & an army ( balloons 9 ! air1 invade ! devot$ isl&1 :i* def5ds itself by means ( captive kites1 sky rockets1 & ! guns boom+ f ! =tifications at ,dov]4 ,?is 9 sev]al v]sions4#adi ,! cr[n+ ( ,napoleon z ,k+ ( ,italy at ,milan1 on ,may #bc1 #ahje1 is record$1 z also ! ,peace ( ,tilsit1 #ahjg1 by :i* ,prussia 0 /ripp$ ( almo/ half ( its t]ritory4 ,on ?is latt] fan1 ,napoleon1 ! ,emp]or ,alex&]1 & ! ,k+ ( ,prussia appe> on a raft4 ,9 #ahaj ! ,emp]or1 9 all ! brav]y ( fea!rs1 leads ! ,ar*du*ess ,m>ie-,l\ise to ! alt> ( ,hym52 ,la ,france (f]+ a diadem ( />s4 ,( fans ref]r+ to ! ,russian campaign ( #ahab two appe> 9 ! ,s*reib] collection4 ,9 ! "o1 ,napoleon is se5 on horseback1 att5d$ by a g5]al1 survey+ 8 army1 ! troops salut+2 9 ! o!r1 ! j\rney to ,p>is 9 a sl$ge drawn by ?ree horses at full gallop1 ,napoleon1 wrapp$ up 9 furs1 look+ back on ! w\nd$ & dead ly+ 9 ! sn[4 ,bo? fans inscrib$1 #8,av5turas de ,bonap>te en ,rusia en #ahab4' ,9 ! subject ( ! ,nic>agua ,canal ! fan assumes ! role ( prophet1 & ) ?is we mu/ br+ to a close ?is brief c>nival ( a c5tury4 ,on ! #ab ,v5dmiaire ( ! ye> ,,xii41 "o ,m>t9 la ,ba/ide deposit$ 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale two pr9ts ( a fan sett+ =? 8 s*eme = unit+ two oceans ?r\gh ! lake ( ,nic>agua4 ,he _h already made ! sugge/ion twelve ye>s previ\sly 9 ,laborde's ,hi/oire abrge de la m] du ,sud4 ,he 0 n1 h[ev]1 ! fir/ to demon/rate ! feasibility ( cutt+ a canal at ,nic>agua2 a simil> proposal _h be5 made by ! ,portuguese navigator1 ,antonio ,galvo1 z e>ly z #aeej1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> ! ,spani% hi/orian1 ,gm>a1 submitt$ a memorial to ,philip ,,ii41 urg+ 9 =cible t]ms t ! "w be und]tak5 =?)4 #8,! project 01 nev]!less1 oppos$ by ! ,spani% ,gov]nm5t1 :o conclud$ t a monopoly ( communication ) _! possessions 9 ! ,new ,_w 0 ( great] importance ?an a passage by sea to ,ca?ay4'#aej ,two fans ref]r+ to ?is subject appe> 9 ! ,s*reib] collection2 9 ! "o1 ! map ( ,c5tral ,am]ica on ! front1 & ( ,nor? ,am]ica on ! rev]se1 a portion miss+3 & 9 ! o!r1 ! composition complete4 ,! fan is adorn$ )1 on ! left1 a gr\p ( allegorical figures ( ! f\r ,regions ( ! _w li/5+ to ,m]cury1 ! god ( comm]ce1 :o po9ts out ! c\rse ( ! propos$ canal2 on ! "r1 a ref]5ce to ,la ,ba/ide's appeal to ! ,k+ ( ,spa91 :o is "h li/5+ to ! voice ( ,france urg+ him to complete ! canal2 & an elaborate bord] ( %ips1 tritons1 etc41 ) a summ>y ( ,la ,ba/ide's inve/igations4 ,alas = va9 hopes1 & ! futility ( human endeav\r1 ! be/ laid s*emes are (t5 doom$ to disappo9tm5t1 & x 0 n until ne>ly a c5tury _h elaps$ t ! canal1 :i* ,la ,ba/ide =esaw1 ?\gh z ?r\gh a glass d>kly1 _h any prospect ( realisation4#aea ,illu/ration3 ,,ivory ,,fan4 7,madras4 ,n9ete5? ,c5tury47 ,,*apt] ,x ,,engrav$ ,,fans ,,( ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,& ,,eighte5? ,,c5turies4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,9 ,engl& ! fan's comm5ts on ! public ev5ts ( ! eighte5? & ! latt] ye>s ( ! prec$+ c5tury beg9 ) a satirical allusion to ! intrigues ( ,european diplomacy conc]n+ ! affairs ( ,pol&4 ,t5 female figures repres5t+ ,france1 ,spa91 ,s>d9ia1 ,empire1 ,saxony1 ,russia1 ,pol&1 ,britannia1 ,holl&1 & ,prussia are seat$ r\nd a table1 ! fir/ sev5 play+ piquet2 an empty *air1 labell$ #8,i pray to ,god = peace1' is res]v$ = ! ,pope 7,innoc5t ,,xi471 :o is se5 on ! left prote/+ t he does n und]/& ! game4 ,a figure 9 civilian dress 9 ! =egr\nd is hold+ a scroll :i* is lett]$1 #8',tis n ! int]e/ ( ! nation to play )\t advantage4 ,9 "t ,comm]ce might pay ! c>ds4' ,on ! extreme "r is ! ,sultan ( ,turkey on horseback1 exclaim+1 #8,if y don't leave (f1 ,i'll te> ! c>ds1' ) ! ,%ah ( ,p]sia on foot1 say+1 #8,seigneur ,jack1 ,p]sia %all make y *ange y\r note4' ,! date is betwe5 #afgi & #afhi1 ! p]iod ( ! pontificate ( ,pope ,innoc5t ,,xi4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,new ,game ( ,piquet among ! nations ( ,europe4 ,s*reib] ,colln4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,! coronation banquet ( ,george ,,ii4 9 ,we/m9/] ,hall1 on ,octob] #aa1 #agbg1 is record$ 9 an extremely primitive et*+4 ,! k+ & que5 are en?ron$ on a dais 9 ! c5tre ( ! fan2 9 ! backgr\nd are gall]ies ( spectators1 & 9 front ! *ampion ( ,engl& ?r[s d[n 8 gauntlet4 ,! subject is enclos$ 9 a c>t\*e1 & on ! sides ( ! fan are ! cr[n1 sceptre1 ampulla1 ve/m5ts1 etc42 ! :ole rudely col\r$ by h&4 ,x 01 possibly1 z "s recomp5se = its au?or's gallant def5ce ( _! mo/ p[]ful weapon t ! ladies help$ to swell ! tide ( prosp]ity ( ! ,begg>'s ,op]a1 produc$ 9 ,novemb] ( ?is same ye> 7#agbg74 ,fans 7 c>ri$ illu/rat+ ! fav\rite songs ( ! piece1 :i* enjoy$ its successful run ( sixty-?ree nights1 #8mak+ ,gay ri* & ,ri* gay4' ,! defeat & )drawal ( ,sir ,rob]t ,walpole's excise s*eme provid$ ! occasion = _m satires :i* appe>$ dur+ ! ye> #agcc4 ,9 ^! ,walpole is repres5t$ z an it9]ant quack doctor1 & z an exciseman1 9 :i* latt] "* he 0 hang$ & burn$ 9 effigy on ,april #ab? ( ! same ye>4 ,9 ! fan a comp>ison is drawn betwe5 ,walpole & ,wolsey1 & on a m$allion portrait ( ! la/ nam$ is inscrib$3 #8,wolsey & 8 ,successor "h 9 "o behold4 ,bo? s]v'd _! ma/]s1 bo? _! ,c\ntry ,sold4' ,a figure is se5 walk+ 9 a g>d5 ) two pap]s 9 8 h&s1 ! "o inscrib$1 #8,lib]ty & ,prop]ty1' & ! o!r1 #8,no ,dut* ,politicks4 ,d[n ) ! ,excise4' ,9 ! mid-di/ance a figure holds a purse & draws att5tion to ! portrait ( ,wolsey4 ,two b>rels are figur$ 9 ! =egr\nd1 toge!r ) ! ,excise ,mon/] 9 ! ?roes ( dea?1 on ! body ( :i* are inscrib$ ! v>i\s articles affect$1 z ,pr9t+1 ,salt1 ,malt1 ,g91 etc4 ,! pr9t has app>5tly be5 cut d[n1 & evid5tly =ms "p ( a design or s]ies ( designs4 ,m4 ,gamble adv]tises z foll[s 9 ! ,craftsman ( ,june #i1 #agcc3-- #8,?is day is publi%$ = all ,loyal ,ladies1 an ,excise ,fan2 or ! ,political ,mon/] z describ$ 9 ,fog's ,j\rnal1 ,may ! #e?1 curi\sly del9eat$1 ,be+ a ,memorial = ,po/]ity4 ,9 ?is mo/ agreeable fan is repres5t$3 ,i4 ,a ,picture ( ,c>d9al ,wolsey 7! fir/ ,excise ,ma/] ( ,engl&7 done f an orig9al ,pa9t+4 ,,ii4 ,a view ( 8 ,feats on "o ,h&1 & ^? ( 8 ,successor on ! o!r4 ,,iii4 ,an ,engli% ,lawy] ) two hone/ ,briefs4 ,,iv4 ,! fam\s ,mon/]-,mong]1 ,f]d9&o ,f]d9&i1 drawn to ! ,life4 ,v4 ,! ,dea? ( ! ,excise ,mon/]4 ,,vi4 ,a mod]n ,inquisition ) an ,assembly ( ,m]ry ,spectators 7z ,v9tn]s1 ,tobacconi/1 etc47 ( ,f]d9&o's ,lam5tation ov] 8 dep>t$ ,bea/4 #8,n[6 #8,tis 9 ! ,p[] ( e ,briti% ,fair ,to turn ,excises ( all k9ds to ,air4' #8,sold by ,m4 ,gamble at ! ,gold5 ,fan 9 ,/4 ,m>t9's ,c\rt ne> ,leice/] ,fields4 ,price #bs4 #f;d4' ,on ,augu/ #be ( ! same ye>1 ,m4 ,gamble aga9 adv]tises ! fan & adds3-- #8,?is is ! ,fan m5tion$ 9 ! ,london ,magaz9e2 x w be v useful at all meet+s = nom9at+ ,memb]s ( ,p>liam5t1 n only = cool+ ! ,heats :i* may arise1 b to %[ ! nature ( an arbitr>y ,mon/]4 #8,n[ is ! ,"t :5 e ,briti% ,fair ,may turn ,excises ( all k9ds to air4' #8,!re is n[ publi%$ ! ?ird ,edition ) additions4' ,! m>riage ( ! ,cr[n ,pr9cess ) ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange 9 #agcd 0 ! occasion ( mu* rejoic+1 & ! nuptials 7 celebrat$ ) ! greate/ magnific5ce1 ! pr9ce receiv+ ) 8 bride ! sum ( #hj1jjj z portion4 ,9 an address to ,8 ,maje/y f ! loyal & dutiful citiz5s ( ,london1 ! greate/ glory1 ! brighte/ triumphs1 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ prosp]ity are presag$ f ano!r alliance ) t truly illu/ri\s h\se1 ! h\se ( ,nassau2 #8f :5ce s _m h]oes h sprung1 ! sc\rges ( tyrants & ! ass]t]s ( lib]ty4' ,! fan jo9s 9 ! g5]al congratulatory *orus2 a view ( ! m>riage c]emony 9 ! ,fr5* ,*apel ( ,/4 ,james's ,palace is giv52 ! ,k+ & ,que51 ) ! royal family1 are seat$ 9 boxes at ! back4 ,!re 0 an allegorical v]sion ( ?is ev5t1 9 :i* ! contract+ p>ties appe> 9 classic co/ume1 ) a bi%op & o!r p]sons 9 ! backgr\nd 9 ! co/ume ( ! p]iod4 ,9 front ,hym5 lights 8 tor* f t ( ,cupid4 ,9 o!r p>ts ( ! composition are se53 ,an infant embrac+ a lamb1 a pelican 9 h] piety1 an infant ,h]cules kill+ s]p5ts1 etc4 ,! :ole surr\nd$ by an orange bord]4 ,sev]al v>iations ( ?is are extant1 "o omitt+ ! orange-trees1 ) a bord] pr9t$ f ano!r plate4 ,! foll[+ adv]tisem5t appe>$ 9 ! ,craftsman = ,july #g1 #agcc3-- #8,j ,publi%$ #8,by ,,jona?an ,,p9*beck1 ,fanmak]1 at ! ,fan & ,cr[n 9 ,new ,r\nd ,c\rt 9 ! ,/r&2 & sold by him1 & at ! ,fan-%ops ( ,london & ,we/m9/]4 #8,! ,nassau ,fan2 or ,love & ,beauty ,triumphant3 ,be+ an ,encomium on ! ,nuptial ,c]emony :i* w %ortly be consummat$ betwe5 8 ,highness ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange & ! ,pr9cess ,royal ( ,engl&2 adorn$ ) ! ,pictures ( ^? illu/ri\s ,p]sonages1 att5d$ by ,hym51 ,fame1 ,m9]va1 ,cupids1 etc4 ,toge!r ) a copy ( ,v]ses & o!r ,decorations suitable to ! occasion4 #8,n4,b4--,bew>e ( ,c\nt]feits2 ! true orig9al ,nassau ,fans hav+ ! "n 7,p9*beck7 prefix'd to ! m\nt4' ,on ,augu/ #ah? ?is adv]tisem5t is repeat$1 ) ! additional /atem5t t #8!re are a few neatly pr9t$ on lea!r = ! curi\s1' & a note to ! foll[+ effect3--#8,a spuri\s edition ( ! ,nassau ,fan has be5 lately (f]'d to ! publick1 9 ,prejudice to ! ,orig9al ,nassau ,fan2 b z all ,p]sons t h se5 bo? are fully satisfy'd t x be>s no comp>ison ) ! =m]1 #8tis no wond] t ! ,design to less5 ! orig9al 9 ! e/eem ( ! ,publick1 proves z fruitless z ! ,attempt is unfair & ung5]\s'2 ?is evid5tly ref]r+ to ! foll[+1 :i* _h appe>$ 9 ! ,craftsman a week e>li]1 ,augu/ #aa3-- #8,?is day is ,publi%$ #8,! ,new ,nassau ,fan1 humbly d$icat$ to h] ,royal ,highness ,,pr9cess ,,anne1 ,by h] ,highness's mo/ humble & devot$ s]vant1 ,,ri*>d ,,hylton4 #8,9 ?is fan is repres5t$ ! ,portraitures ( 8 ,highness ,william1 ,pr9ce ( ,orange & ,nassau1 etc41 & h] ,royal ,highness ,pr9cess ,anne 7done f ! orig9al ,pa9t+ ( ,van ,dyke & ,hys+71 9 an ,orbit1 support$ by ,cupids1 adorn'd ) o!r emblematical ,ornam5ts1 dispos$ 9 a curi\s & beautiful ,mann]4 #8,to be _h ( ! a=esaid ,ri*>d ,hylton1 at ! ,gold5 ,fan 9 ,great ,george ,/41 ,hanov] ,squ>e4' ,on ,septemb] #a/ ?is adv]tisem5t is repeat$1 ) ! addition ( ! foll[+ c\plet3-- #8,j ,heav5 does ,anne & ,nassau joyn1 ,to glad great ,george & ,c>ol9e4' ,& ! foll[+ reply to ,p9*beck's adv]tisem5ts ( #g? ,july & #ah? ,augu/3-- #8,n4,b4--,?is is to in=m t +5i\s ,g5tleman 7:o calls himself7 ! ,proprietor ( a ,nassau ,fan1 t he has be5 guilty ( a v gross ,error1 & has prejudic$ himself by in=m+ ! ,publick t he kn[s no ,diff]5ce betwe5 a ,fan :i* is made l ! ,frontispiece ( a ,halfp5ny ,ballad1 & "o t's done 9 a curi\s ,mann] by "o ( ! be/ ,h&s 9 ,engl&4' ,illu/ration3 ,! ,motion4 #agda4 ,! ,new ,nassau ,fan4 #agcc4 ,s*reib] ,colln4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,?is sally calls =? ! foll[+ rejo9d] f ,p9*beck1 :o1 on ,septemb] #ae?1 repeats 8 =m] adv]tisem5t1 ) ?is footnote3-- #8,n4,b4--,i w\ld n h ! spl5etick ,au?or ( 7z he calls x7 ! loyal ,nassau ,fan imag9e t ,i ?9k him capable ei!r ( do+1 or say+1 any ,?+ ,wor?y ( ,notice1 ?o' = once ,i condesc5d to in=m him t ! ,publick are suffici5tly conv9c'd ( 8 ,ignorance 9 putt+ 8 ,trifle 9 ,competition ) ! ,orig9al ,nassau ,fan1 z well z ( 8 ,malice 9 p]v]t+ ! ,s5se ( my ,adv]tisem5t4 ,i %all1 h[ev]1 submit my ,p]=mance to ! judgm5t ( ! ,publick1 & n tr\ble !m ) quacki% ,epi/les q =eign to ! ,purpose4 #8,bew>e ( ,c\nt]feits4 ,! ,orig9al ,nassau ,fan hav+ ! "n 7,p9*beck7 prefix'd to ! ,m\nt4' ,on ,septemb] #bbnd1 ,p9*beck repeats 8 adv]tisem5t1 & once aga9 cautions ! public aga9/ c\nt]feits4 7,9 ! highe/ e/eem among ! ,ladies1 & inf9itely surpasse? e ,?+ ( ! ,k9d (f]$ to ! ,publick47 ,a mon? e>li] a fre% c&idate = public fav\r _h appe>$ 9 ! %ape ( ! #8,orange ,fan1' a composition ( an orange-tree & a rose-bu%1 ) a view ( ,london 9 ! di/ance1 a ?ree-ma/$ vessel 9 ! =egr\nd1 & above1 a dove hold+ 9 8 beak a lett] address$ #8,to ,! ,lovely ,%e1 ,:o has m ?an #hj1jjj ,*>ms'2 on ! upp] & l[] bord] ( ! fan1 an ode 9 five /anzas1 #8set to ,music3 ,tune1 ,let's be ,jolly2 fill our ,glasses4' ,?is 0 adv]tis$ by ,m4 ,gamble 9 ! ,craftsman = ,augu/ #be?1 ! *>ms ( ! #8,lovely ,%e' be+ r$uc$ 9 ! adv]tisem5t to #cj1jjj4 #8,once m ! ,orange jo9s ! ,briti% ,rose1 ,& fragrant ,sweets !y mutually disclose2 ,entw9'd by ,nature's ,bonds1 _! ,*>ms unite1 ,& f ! ,foil ! ,jewel %9es m bright4' ,! price ( ! ,m\nt pa9t$ 9 prop] col\rs1 #as4 #f;d4 ,ready m\nt$ ^u neat /icks1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,! #8,new ,nassau ,fan1' adv]tis$ by ,hylton1 is "h giv51 & mu/ c]ta9ly be said to be> v fair comp>ison ) ,p9*beck's4 ,! portraits ( ! royal pair occupy a m$allion 9 ! c5tre1 support$ by ,cupids above2 two w+$ figures are hold+ a wrea? & bl[+ trumpets1 f :i* are susp5d$ ! royal arms ( ! two respective c\ntries4 ,bel[ is a ribbon inscrib$1 #8,ad ,altiora ,sp]amus1' ) a ,cupid hold+ a royal cr[n & />4 ,a scroll1 at ! extremities ( :i* are two m$als ( ,george ,,ii4 & ,william ! ,sil5t1 ,pr9ce ( ,orange1 is inscrib$3 #8,brittons n[ yr ,poems s+1 ,love & ,beauty ,g>l&s br+2 ,heav5s ,ann & ,nassau joyn ,to glad ,george & ,c>ol9e4' ,9 addition are figures ( ,peace ) olive bran* & dove1 & ,lib]ty hold+ cap on a /aff1 toge!r ) a ,bible inscrib$ #8,b4 ,sacra1' a lion at h] feet4 ,! fan is freely et*$1 col\r$ by h&1 & m\nt$ on pla9 wavy wood5 /icks4 ,p9*beck cont9u$ to adv]tise 8 fan until ,april #bj1 #agcd1 :51 presumably1 popul> int]e/ 9 ! affair wan$4 ,9 #agcj-cc1 ,hog>? produc$ 8 #8,h>lot's ,progress' 7comm5c$ at ! "t ( 8 m>riage71 its v>i\s sc5es be+ promptly pirat$ by ! fan-mak]s4 ,mr4 ,f4 ,g4 ,/eph5s1 9 8 ,catalogue ( ,political & ,p]sonal ,satires1 ,briti% ,museum1 vol4 iii4 "p ,i1 page #bh1 ref]s to fans pr9t$ ) copies f #8,a ,h>lot's ,progress1' ?ree designs be+ on ea* side ( ! fan1 usually pr9t$ 9 r$ ink4 ,^! fans1 says ,ni*ols1 ,hog>?'s biograph]1 7 cu/om>ily giv5 to ! maid-s]vants 9 ,hog>?'s family1 d\btless z moral lessons4#aeb ,m4 ,gamble _h adv]tis$ !m dur+ ! ye> #agcc 9 ! ,craftsman & ,daily ,j\rnal4 ,9 a footnote to 8 adv]tisem5t ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& fan we h ! foll[+3-- ,n4,b4--#8,= ^? t are ,curi\s1 a small numb] are "w'd (f on f9e ,pap]1 fit to ,frame4 ,likewise a new ,edition ( ! #8,h>lot's ,progress' 9 ,fans1 or s+ly to ,frame4'--,daily ,j\rnal1 ,jan4 #bd1 #agcc4 ,by ! k9dness ( ,mr4 ,c4 ,fairfax ,murray we are enabl$ to illu/rate an excell5t example ( "o ( ^! v r>e fan leaves1 inscrib$ 9 ink 7probably by ! collector ,bak]71 #8,giv5 to me by ,mrs4 ,hog>?1 #agha4' ,9 ! c5tre is ! quack doctor1 pr9t$ 9 a gre5i% yell[1 ! two side sc5es ( #8,bridewell' & ! #8,fun]al' 9 a ri* r$1 ! fan be+ engrav$ 9 pure l9e4 ,! sc5es are inscrib$ respectively--#8,9 a high ,salivation'2 #8,9 ,bridewell beat+ ( ,hemp'2 & ! #8,fun]al'2 ) suitable explanatory v]ses4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,h>lot's ,progress1 aft] ,hog>?4 ,mr ,c4 ,fairfax ,murray4 ,o!r fans 7 issu$1 ^! probably by ano!r publi%]1 giv+ ! v>i\s sc5es gr\p$ toge!r1 ! figures slightly re>rang$ to suit ! space1 indiff]5tly et*$ 9 outl9e1 & pr9t$ 9 r$ on sk94 ,five leaves appe> 9 ! ,s*reib] collection2 ! fir/ gives ! :ole composition2 ! second1 ! same1 ) sev]al sc5es omitt$2 ! ?ird1 ) fur!r omissions2 ! f\r?1 ) ! c5tral subject only1 ( ! arrival ( #8,m>y ,hackab\t 9 ,london1' p>tially col\r$ by h&2 ! fif?1 a spoil$1 indi/9ct pr9t1 cov]$ ) a ,*9ese l&scape pr9t$ 9 black1 ! evid5t int5tion be+ to utilise ! sk9 m\nt4 ,! pr9t ( ! ,midnight ,mod]n ,conv]sation1 #agcc1 copi$ by salt-glaz$ pott]s ( ! p]iod1 & appe>+ on snuff-boxes & pun*-b[ls1 = ! latt] ( :i* x 0 em95tly suitable1 0 us$ also = a fan m\nt4 ,9 ?is pr9t1 to quote ,mr4 ,au/9 ,dobson1 a p>ty ( elev51 ^: degrees ( intoxication are admirably diff]5tiat$1 h f9i%$ "s two doz5 bottles ( cl>et2 & at f\r 9 ! morn+ are comm5c+ a capaci\s b[l ( pun*1 presid$ ov] by a rosy-gill$ p>son--! #8,=tem validumque combibonem ,laetantem sup] amphora repleta' ( ! ,we/m9/] ,lat9i/1 ,v9c5t ,b\rne2 b 9 real life id5tifi$ bo? ) ! fam\s #8,orator' ,h5ley1 & ! ,rev4 ,cornelius ,=d1 a dissolute c\s9 ( ,dr4 ,johnson4 ,9 ! ,daily ,j\rnal = ,may #bd1 #agcc1 we h ! foll[+ adv]tisem5t3-- #8,?is ,day is ,publi%$1 #8,a ,beautiful ,m\nt = a ,fan1 call'd ! ,midnight ,mod]n ,conv]sation1 curi\sly p]=m$ f t incomp>able ,design ( t celebrat$ ,arti/ ! +5i\s ,mr4 ,hog>?2 to :i* is prefix$1 = ! ,ent]ta9m5t ( ! ,ladies1 a ,description ( ea* p>ticul> ,p]son t ,g5tleman ha? introduc$ 9 t ,night ,sc5e4 ,sold at ,mr4 ,*9avax's great ,toy%op aga9/ ,suffolk-/reet1 ,*>+ ,cross2 ,mr4 ,de>d's aga9/ ,/4 ,dun/an's ,*ur*1 ,fleet ,/reet2 ,mrs4 ,cambal 9 ,/4 ,m>t9's ,c\rt2 & by ,b4 ,dick9son at ,inigo ,jones' ,head aga9/ ,exet] ,*ange 9 ! ,/r&1 at :i* ,place !y may be _h ,:olesale at reasonable ,rates4' ,no pr9t ( ?is fan-m\nt is available = reproduction4 ,! victory ( ,admiral ,v]non 9 8 good %ip ! ,bur=d at ,portobello1 on ! #bbnd ,novemb] #agci1 ?\gh n a p>ticul>ly significant feat ev5 ) six %ips ( ! l9e1 0 imm5sely popul> ) ! masses4 ,x 0 a famili> subject ) ! pott]s1 especially ! ,/af=d%ire pott] ,a/bury1 :o commemorat$ x on tea-pots1 mugs1 & ! ,portobello b[l4 ,! fan is n v int]e/+ z a design1 ! six %ips appe>+ to ov]p[] ! =tress1 :i* 0 an old "o4 ,five /anzas ( v]se appe>1 express+ ! det]m9ation to av5ge ! wrongs ( ,britons1 to support h] injur$ trade1 etc4 #8,h>k1 ! ,briti% ,cannon ?und]s1 ,see1 my ,lads1 six ,%ips appe>2 ,e ,briton act+ ,wond]s1 ,/rikes ! ,s\!rn ,_w ) fe>4 ,porto ,bello1 fam'd 9 ,/ory1 ,n[ at la/ submits to fate2 ,v]non's c\rage ga9s u ,glory1 ,& 8 ,m]cy proves u great4' ,! et*+ is sign$ #8,f4 ,*ass]eau1 ,april ye #bb1 #agdj4' ,v]non's exploit at ,c>?ag5a1 ,april #a1 #agdj1 is also record$2 on ! left1 a view ( ! ,engli% camp2 on ! "r1 ! fly+ inhabitants1 includ+ a figure nam$ #8,don ,blas'2 ! fan inscrib$ #8,c>tag5a4' ,! motion by ,mr4 ,s&ys 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons on ,janu>y #bi1 #agdj1 & t ( ,"l ,c>t]et 9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords on ,febru>y #ac1 #agda1 to remove ,sir ,rob]t ,walpole 7:o at t "t 0 exce$+ly unpopul>7 f 8 po/ ( ,prime ,m9i/]1 is commemorat$ on a fan :i* is a free copy f a pr9t publi%$ by ,t4 ,coop] at ! ,globe 9 ,pat]no/] ,r[1 #agda1 & ref]r$ to 9 a lett] ( ,horace ,walpole1 writt5 f ,flor5ce to 8 fri5d ,conway1 ,m>* #be1 #agda3 #8,i h receiv$ a pr9t by ?is po/ t div]ts me extremely3 ! ,motion4 ,tell me1 de>1 n[1 :o made ! design1 & :o took ! lik5esses3 !y are admirable2 ! l9es are z good z "o sees on su* occasions4 ,i wrote la/ po/ to ,sir ,rob]t1 to wi% him joy2 ,i hope he receiv$ my lett]4' ,! sc5e is ,:itehall1 ) ! ,treasury 9 ! di/ance4 ,a coa* conta9+ ,"l ,c>t]et1 :o is lean+ out ( ! w9d[ & cry+1 #8,let me get out1' is driv5 by ! ,duke ( ,argyll1 br&i%+ a flam+ sword1 ! ,e>l ( ,*e/]field z po/ilion4 ,bubb ,dod+ton1 9 ! =m ( a spaniel1 is seat$ betwe5 ! ,duke's legs4 ,"l ,cobham beh9d z footman4 ,"l ,lyttelton foll[s on horseback1 :ip 9 h&4 ,sev]al p]sons are be+ ov]ridd5 by ! coa*1 :i* is ne>ly ov]turn$4 ,mr4 ,s&ys1 9 ! =egr\nd1 is dropp+ ! #8,place ,bill1' & exclaim+1 #8,i ?\ght :at w\ld come ( putt+ him on ! box4' ,pult5ey1 exclaim+1 #8,z--nds6 !y're ov]1' & lead+ 8 foll[]s by ! nose1 :eels a b>r[ lad5 ) #8,craftsman1' #8,lett]s to ! ,e>l1' #8,/ate ( ,nat--'1 #8,*ampion1' #8,common ,s5se1' etc41 ) a dice box & dice4 ,dr4 ,smalbroke1 ,bi%op ( ,li*field1 accompani$ by ?ree pigs 7"o only 9 ! orig9al pr9t71 b[s obsequi\sly4 ,! t5 v]ses :i* appe>$ on ! pr9t are inscrib$ on ! "r h& ( ! fan4 ,9 #8nigg]' p>lance !y at once prop\nd que/ions & supply ! answ]s1 ?us3 #8,:o be dat de ,box d sit on8 #8,tis ,john1 ! ,h]o ( ,nor? ,brita91 ,:o out ( ,place does ,placem5 spit on4 ,doodle1 etc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:o's dat beh9d8 #8,tis ,dicky ,cobby1 ,:o fir/ w\'d h hang$ & !n try'd ,bobby4 ,ah1 0 n t a pretty ,jobb-e4 ,doodle1 etc4 99 99 99 99 99 ,s1 sirs1 me h %[n y all de ,h]o's1 ,:o put y toge!r by ! ,e>-os1 ,& fright5 y s ) gr\ndless ,fe>-os4 ,doodle1 etc4' ,?omas ,wright 7,c>icature ,hi/ory ( ! ,georges7 ?us ref]s to ! pr9ts3 #8,sev]al editions ( 8,! ,motion0 7 publi%$1 & "o1 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,burke1 is fitt$ = a fan4 ,ano!r1 v neatly drawn & et*$ on a folio plate1 & dat$ ,febru>y #ai?1 conta9s great v>iations1 & wants mu* ( ! po9t$ mean+ ( ! g5u9e pr9t4 ,!y "h appe> to be driv+ into a riv]4 ,pult5ey & ,s&ys are omitt$2 two prelates hold on to ! /raps beh9d ! coa*1 :i* seems 9 imm95t dang] ( fall+2 yet ,c>t]et cries out to 8 driv]1 8,john1 if y drive s fa/1 y'll ov]set u all1 by ,g--d40' ,on ! #bnd ( ,m>* ! #8,patriots' retaliat$ ) a c>icature entitl$ #8,! ,reason1' 9 :i* we h ano!r c>riage ) ! portly =m ( ,sir ,rob]t ,walpole z coa*man3 #8,:o be dat de box d sit on8 ,dat's de driv] ( ,g-- ,b--1 ,:om all ! ,patriots d spit on4' ,9 ?is pr9t1 ! foppi% & effem9ate ,"l ,h]vey1 well kn[n by ,pope's s>ca/ic title ( #8,"l ,fanny1' is rid+1 fan 9 h&1 on a wood5 horse1 drawn by two m51 "o ( :om cries1 #8,sit fa/1 ,fanny2 we are sure to w94' #8,dat pa9t$ butt]fly s prim-a1 ,on wood5 ,pegasus s trim-a1 ,is some?+--no?+--'tis a :im-a4' ,! fan-mak]s 7 n sl[ 9 foll[+ up ) a fan4 ,on ,april #be1 ! foll[+ adv]tisem5t appe>$ 9 ! ,craftsman3-- #8,?is day is publi%$1 by ,j4 ,p9*beck at ! ,fan & ,cr[n 9 ,new ,r\nd ,c\rt1 9 ! ,/r&4 #8,! ,reason = ! ,motion4 ,a ,satire1 :]eon are ! ,portraits ( div]s ,noble ,p]sonages4 ,to :i* is annex$1 ,explanatory ,v]ses1 :i* w s]ve z a ,key to ! ,:ole4 #8,:]e may be _h1 ,all sorts ( ,fans & ,fan-,m\nts4 ,! newe/ fa%ion1 & suit$ to ! nice/ ,ta/e4 ,:olesale or ,retail4 #8,n4,b4--,g5tlem5 & ,ladies may h any ,device done 9 a curi\s ,mann]1 accord+ to _! own ,direction4 #8,!re is a ,spuri\s ,sort ab\t ! ,t[n1 :i* has n ! ,v]ses1 & b "p ( ! ,figures4' ,! ,jacobite rebellion ( #agde 0 commemorat$ by a fan leaf engrav$ by ,sir ,rob]t ,/range1 int5d$ = ! sympa?is]s ) ! ,pret5d]4 ,! mom5t = ! rebellion 0 well *os5--! k+ 0 9 ,hanov]1 ! ,duke ( ,cumb]l& _h f\ght & lo/ ,font5oy 9 ,april ( ! same ye>1 & 0 /ill engag$ 9 ,fl&]s4 ,! fan %[s ! ,pr9ce 9 arm\r1 ) ,cam]on ( ,lo*iel z ,m>s1 & ,flora ,macdonald z ,bellona4 ,9 ! fan repres5t+ ! apo!osis ( ! ,"y ,pret5d]1 ! ,pr9ce1 support$ by ,m>s & ,bellona1 is claim+ ! inh]itance ( ! ,engli% cr[n2 a figure ( ,fame be>s ! laurel wrea?1 at 8 side is an alt> blaz+ ) devot$ he>ts1 & above are ,v5us & ,cupid seat$ on a cl\d4 ,on ! left1 ,britannia smiles ?r\gh h] te>s z a dove approa*es be>+ ! palm bran*1 emblem ( ,peace4 ,on ! "r1 ,jupit] ) 8 ?und] scatt]s ! ,hanov]ian faction into obscurity1 & ,rap9e & ,murd] are pro/rat$4 ,an example1 c>efully col\r$1 appe>$ 9 ! ,walk] sale 9 #ahhb1 & pass$ into ! possession ( ,lady ,*>lotte ,s*reib] = ! sum ( #g4 ,! /ick is ivory1 c>v$ ) subjects & fretwork4 ,! peace ( ,aix-la-,*apelle1 sign$ ,octob] #g1 #agdh1 0 celebrat$ 9 ! foll[+ ,april by a gr& display ( fireworks 9 ! ,gre5 ,p>k1 opposite to ,8 ,maje/y's libr>y4 ,a fan fairly well engrav$1 ! design well dispos$1 %[s a view ( ! tempor>y build+ erect$ = ?is purpose1 :i* consi/$ ( a #8magnific5t ,doric temple1' ) two ext5d$ w+s t]m9at$ by pavilions1 ! :ole be+ "o hundr$ & f\rte5 feet high & f\r hundr$ & t5 feet long4 ,! exhibition began ab\t n9e o'clock 9 ! ev5+1 & 0 introduc$ by #8a gr& ov]ture ( w>like in/rum5ts compos$ by ,mr4 ,h&el4' ,ab\t elev5 o'clock ! :ole build+ 0 illum9at$1 9 :i* /ate x cont9u$ till betwe5 two & ?ree 9 ! morn+2 ,8 ,maje/y & ! royal family retir+ ab\t twelve4 ,! untimely dea? ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales 9 #agea ?rew ,london into m\rn+1 ! fan foll[+ suit ) a portrait bu/ ( ,fr$]ick on a c5otaph1 ) m\rn+ figures ( ,art1 ,sci5ce1 & ,britannia1 a figure ( ,hope ) an an*or occupy+ ! =egr\nd4 ,! fan "h1 true to its antec$5ts1 discov]s m loyalty ?an did "s ( ! rhyme/]s ( ! p]iod1 "o ( :om produc$ an epitaph ( :i* ! foll[+ is a portion3-- 444 #8,s9ce #8tis only ,fr$1 ,:o 0 alive & is dead4 ,!re's no m to be said4' ,wolfe's victory 9 #agei1 commemorat$ 9 ,b[ /atuettes & ,/af=d%ire bu/s & jugs1 suppli$ ! fan-mak]s also ) a subject = illu/ration3 9 a life ( ,wolfe x is m5tion$ t fans 7 pr9t$ ( ! tak+ ( ,quebec4 ,admiral ,rodney is ano!r in/ance 9 :i* bo? pott]s & fanmak]s vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 hon\r+ ! h]o ( ! h\r4 ,! fan 9 ! ,s*reib] collection is delicately engrav$ 9 mezzot9t1 & %[s ,rodney trampl+ ^u ! ,fr5* & ,spani% flags4 ,neptune is (f]+ a sea cr[n1 :ile a ,cupid above be>s a laurel wrea?4 ,! picture is supplem5t$ by fe/oons1 ribbons1 & o!r devices2 ! :ole col\r$ by h&4 ,! fan abundantly te/ifies to ! popul>ity ( ! reign+ h\se ( ,hanov]4 ,?us we h1 9 addition to ! loyal fans already ref]r$ to1 a m$allion portrait ( ,george ,,iii41 held 9 ! h& ( ,neptune1 :o is seat$ 9 8 *>iot drawn by f\r horses1 & driv5 by a ,cupid :o bl[s a bla/ f a trumpet4 ,?is design$ by ,uw9s & engrav$ 9 /ipple by ,c>don4 ,! k+ also appe>s z ! subject ( a l>ge m$allion on a p$e/al surr\nd$ by ,cupids & a figure ( ,fame ) trumpet4 ,9 ! =egr\nd are figures ( ,britannia & ,comm]ce2 on a tripod ) a flam+ he>t is inscrib$1 #8,! ,he>t ( ! ,nation4' ,on ea* side ! initials ,g4 ,r4 & ! royal cr[n4 ,publi%$ ,may #ac1 #agia1 by ,a4 ,p4 ,birman1 ! fan be+ sign$ ,a4 ,p4 ,birnam1 ,invt42 ,w4 ,h9ks1 ,sculpt4 ,?is fan leaf is a free copy f t engrav$ by ,d4 ,*od[iecki 9 #aghg1 commemorat+ ! accession ( ,fr$]ick ,william ,,ii4 to ! ?rone ( ,prussia1 & 0 made to d duty bo? = ! ,k+ & ! ,duke ( ,york by ! alt]ation ( ! bu/1 & ! sub/itution ( ! initials ,d4 ,y4 = ,g4 ,r41 ! arabesques re-engrav$4 ,! royal family appe> on six m$allion portraits unit$ by a ribbon1 ) ! royal cr[n1 fea!rs1 & a trophy ( arms1 flags1 etc41 ! latt] indicat+ ! m>tial proclivities ( ! ,duke ( ,york4#aec ,ano!r fan gives a l>ge ,royal ,arms surm\nt$ by ! cr[n$ lion1 ) ! rose & ?i/le & ! initials ,g4 ,r4 9 m$allions on ei!r side1 unit$ by fe/oons ( fl[]s ) doves2 ! royal motto1 #8,dieu et mon ,droit1' on a scroll bel[2 ! fan inscrib$1 #8,vive ,le ,roy4' ,publi%$ by ,t4 ,bal/]1 ,m>* #ai1 #aghi4 ,a #8,repres5tation ( a ,royal ,conc]t at ,buck+ham ,h\se' is a copy ( an engrav+ by ,b>l[ aft] a draw+ by ,cruik%ank4 #8,publi%'d z ! ,act directs1 ,octob] #af1 #agha1 by ,j4 ,pre/on at 8 ,music ,w>eh\se1 ,no4 #ig1 ne> ,beau=t ,build+s1 ,/r&4' ,9 ! subject occupy+ ! c5tre ( ! fan1 ! k+ appe>s seat$ at ! "r-h& corn]4 ,at ! sides1 a canone & canzonet by ,giordani1 toge!r ) a ,fr5* & ,v5etian canzonet1 ) music4 ,9 #aghh ! royal family hon\r$ ! exhibition ( ! ,royal ,academy ) a visit2 ?is ev5t be+ commemorat$ on two fans v>y+ consid]ably 9 ! numb] & disposition ( ! figures1 & 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! backgr\nd4 ,! fan leaf 9 ! ,s*reib] collection is design$ by #8,p4 ,ramb]g1 ,p4 ,m>t9i1 ,sculpt4 ,pubd ,m>* #f1 #aghi1 by ,a4 ,poggi1 ,/4 ,george's ,r[1 ,hyde ,p>k1' ?is be+ f ,m>t9i's orig9al plate1 also publi%$ by ,poggi1 cut d[n to ! %ape ( a fan4 ,! fan leaf at pres5t 9 ! collection at ,s\? ,k5s+ton is pr9t$ on vellum & t9t$1 & is accompani$ by an engrav$ key to ! diff]5t p]sonages depict$ on ! fan4 ,illu/ration3 ,visit ( ,george ,,iii4 to ! ,royal ,academy4 ,mr ,f4 ,p]igal4 ,! m>riage ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales 7aft]w>ds ,george ,,iv47 to ,pr9cess ,c>ol9e ( ,brunswick1 9 #agie1 provides ! occasion = a fan1 ) two oval m$allion portraits 9 /ipple ( #8,! ,illu/ri\s ,pair1' on ei!r side ( a l>ge ,pr9ce ( ,wales's fea!rs4 #8,publi%'d ,janry #a1 #agie1 by ,j4 ,read1 #acc ,pall ,mall4' ,! same plate 0 pr9t$ 9 col\rs & publi%$ on ! same date4 ,! #8,royal ,pair' aga9 appe> 9 ! =m ( m$allion portraits1 ) ! ,royal ,arms ( ,great ,brita9 & ,brunswick4 ,/ill ano!r fan commemorative ( ?is ev5t %[s bu/ portraits ( ! pr9ce & pr9cess 9 ! mid/ ( a m$ley ( pr9ts1 riddles1 etc41 ) a frieze ( c>icature bu/s ( v>i\s p]sonages4 #8,publi%$ at ,sudl['s ,fan ,w>eh\se1 #aia ,/r&4' #8,! ,pr9ce ( ,wales' 7,s*reib] collection ( unm\nt$ fan leaves1 ,no4 #aa7 is a q *>m+ fan leaf4 ,! m$allion portrait is pr9t$ 9 a w>m br[n1 ! field ( ! fan pa9t$ 9 blue ( a pleasant quality1 ! ornam5ts pa9t$ 9 silv] & ,*9ese :ite4 ,?is is a s*eme ( col\r adopt$ on _m fans ( ! p]iod2 ! f\r col\rs =m+ an extremely effective h>mony4 ,! popul>ity ( ,"l ,h[e's victory ov] ! ,fr5* on ! #8glori\s fir/ ( ,june1' #agid1 is ev9c$ by ! frequ5cy ) :i* x 0 commemorat$ on ,engli% pott]y 9 ! %ape ( /atuettes1 m$allions1 mugs1 jugs1 etc4 ,on ! fan also we h ! subject ( a seat$ ,britannia be>+ a m$allion portrait ( ! admiral2 ! union jack1 lion1 cornucopia1 & a figure ( ,fame complet+ ! composition4 ,! fan inscrib$1 #8,"l ,h[e's decisive victory ov] ! ,gr& ,fr5* fleet1 ,june #a1 #agid4' ,?is publi%$ by ,b4 ,cok]1 #aah ,fleet ,/reet1 ,augu/ #ai1 #agid4 ,an example occurs 9 ! collection ( ,mr4 ,burdett-,c\tts4 ,a #8view ( ! trial ( ,w>r5 ,ha/+s1 ,esq41 at ,we/m9/] ,hall' 9 #aggh1 is giv5 9 ! c5tre ( a fan hav+ oval m$allions at ! sides ) ref]5ces to ! numb]s on ! engrav+1 z foll[s3-- #8,a4 ,honble ,h\se ( ,commons4 ,b4 ,=eign ,m9i/]s4 ,c4 ,duke ( ,newca/le's ,gall]y4 ,d4 ,c\ncell = ! ,prosecution4 ,e4 ,c\ncell = ! ,prison]4 ,f4 ,dukes1 c4 c4 ,g4 ,pe]esses4 ,h4 ,bo>d ( ,works4 ,i4 ,! ,?rone4 ,k4 ,recess = ,8 ,maje/y4 ,l4 ,recess = ! ,royal ,family4 ,m4 ,judges4 ,n4 ,"l ,high ,*ancellor4 ,o4 ,vic\nts & ,b>ons4 ,p4 ,w>r5 ,ha/+s1 ,esq41 ,prison]4 ,q4 ,committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons4 #8,publi%'d z ! ,act directs by ,cock ,co41 ,no4 #cf ,sn[ ,hill4 ,septr4 #bbnd1 #aghh4' ,*ur*-fans appe>$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! c5tury4#aed ,^! 7 design$ = ! purpose ( inculcat+ ! _s ( true piety dur+ ! h\rs ( div9e wor%ip4 ,comm5ts 7 made 9 ! public j\rnals on ! unsuitable "* ( fan m\nts us$ 9 *ur*1 & also on ! g5]al behavi\r ( p]sons ( bo? sexes4 ,^! culm9at$ 9 an amus+ satire :i* appe>$ 9 ! =m ( a lett] f ,vetu/us1 9 ! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e = ,may #agec4 ,9 ?is ! writ] expresses "s surprise t #89 ! c\rse ( ! controv]sy n[ on foot conc]n+ ! exp$i5ce ( a revision ( our liturgy1 no m5tion has be5 made ( "s c]emonies introduc$ by c]ta9 polite p]sons ( bo? sexes1 :o1 if !y may n be /yl$ ! pill>s1 h und\bt$ "r to be call$ ! ornam5ts ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,t ( ! snuff-box may be all[$ to obviate "s "p ( ! objection to ! l5g? ( ! s]vice1 s9ce x precludes ! dr[sy memb]s ( ! congregation f any subt]fuge 9 t excuse ( ,horace3 8,op]i longo fas e/ obrep]e somnum40 ,! writ] desires also #8to d a piece ( ju/ice to ! ladies :o h lately contriv$ to improve ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur*1 ?\gh by s inconsid]able an implem5t z a fan m\nt2 =1 reflect+ t "s ( ! gross] sex may probably come to *ur* *iefly on acc\nt ( ^! fair be+s1 & t ! devotion ( ^! _! bre?r5 might cool by hav+ ! imm$iate object ( x )drawn f _! view1 dur+ ! t$i\s int]vals ( pray]1 !y h be5 s *>itable z to supply !m ) "s edify+ subjects ( contemplation1 depict$ on ! v cl\d :i* int]cepts ! beatific vision4' ,z an in/ance ( ! ta/e & discretion ( ^! fair vot>ies1 a li/ is subjo9$ ( a doz5 designs elegantly execut$1 :i* 7 actually display$ by way ( scre5s to s _m pretty faces1 dispos$ 9 a semicircul> arrangem5t ab\t ! holy table3 #a4 ,d>by & ,joan1 ) _! attributes4 #b4 ,h>lequ91 ,pi]rot1 & ,columb9e4 #c4 ,! ,prodigal ,son ) 8 h>lots1 copi$ f ! #8,rake's ,progress4' #d4 ,a rural dance1 ) a b& ( musick1 consi/+ ( a fiddle1 a bag-pipe1 & a ,wel*-h>p4 #e4 ,! tak+ ( ,porto ,bello4 #f4 ,! ,solemnities ( a ,filiation4 #g4 ,joseph & 8 ,mi/ress4 #h4 ,! hum\rs ( ,*ange-,alley4 #i4 ,sil5us1 ) 8 prop] symbols & support]s4 #aj4 ,! fir/ int]view ( ,isaac & ,rebecca4 #aa4 ,! ,judgm5t ( ,p>is4 #ab4 ,vauxhall ,g>d5s1 ) ! decorations & company4 ,! writ] is #8well aw>e t ! au?ors ( ! free & c&id disquisitions w be humbly sugge/+1 9 _! cant+ way1 :e!r "s ( ^! figures may be altoge!r suitable to ! orig9al design ( t sacr$ rite1 at :i* !y assi/ on ^! occasions2 & :e!r1 if our ,briti% ladies are too nicely mode/ to wor%ip ,god ) nak$ faces1 !y %\ld n return to ! anci5t simplicity ( a pla9 l9n5 or ,s>c5et veil1 aft] ! mann] ( ! ,jewi% females4 ,b1 besides t all impropriety is absolutely remov$ f ^! repres5tations by ! mixture ( s mu* ,scripture hi/ory1 ^! ,cavill]s mu/ be told t ?is is an old objection answ]$ & baffl$ long ago by ! pi\s & consci5ti\s ,dr4 ,swift 7^: t5d] conc]n = ! hon\r ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& is well kn[n7 9 a religi\s sonnet :i* closes ) an elevat$ s5tim5t c\*$ 9 ! foll[+ c\plet3 8,h[ beaute\s is ! ,*ur*1 :i* makes clean l9n5 ,z dec5t to rep5t 91 z to s9 940' ,?is bone ( cont5tion1 app>5tly1 la/$ dur+ a consid]able p]iod4 ,9 ! ,lady's ,magaz9e = ,m>* #aggf1 a #8,female ,re=m]' addresses to ! fair sex "s #8moral reflections' on ladies' fans1 & draws att5tion to ! loose1 almo/ indec5t1 m\nts ladies h to _! fans at ! pres5t day1 giv+ too mu* reason to suppose t a co>se1 indelicate1 & immode/ picture is n s (f5sive to ! view ( ! fair z prud5ce1 virtue1 & *a/ity c\ld wi%4 #8,n _m ,sundays ago1 ,i 0 seat$ 9 a diss5t+ place ( wor%ip 9 ! next pew to two "y ladies1 :o appe>$ suitably att5tive & dev\t2 b1 happ5+ to ca/ my eyes on ! fan m\nt ( ! y\nge/ ( ! two1 z %e /ood up 9 pray] "t1 ,i 0 really a%am$ to see nak$ ,cupids1 & wom5 almo/ s1 repres5t$ z sleep+ "u trees1 :ile danc+ %eph]ds & pip+ fawns compleat$ ! %ameful gr\pe4 ,:at a pity x is t any lady %\ld seem to c\nt5ance immode/y or indec5cy 9 ! lea/ degree1 especially 9 ! h\se ( ,god6 ,w\ld x n h be5 mu* bett] = ladies to h no fans at all1 ?an to h su* m\nts to !m1 z1 on behold+1 t5d only to inflame ! passions1 & promote ! loose/ ideas8' ,evid5tly ?is prote/ bore good fruit1 z1 ?ree mon?s lat]1 a *ur*-fan ( *a/e design appe>$4 ,?is gives1 9 ! c5tre1 a diagram ( a good woman's he>t1 divid$1 z a phr5ological diagram divides ! bra91 into ! sev]al virtues or attributes1 z ,*>ity1 ,humility1 ,*a/ity & ,hon\r1 ,virtue & ,tru?1 etc4 etc4 ,above ! he>t appe>s a drap]y inscrib$1 #8,! ,address ( a ,scripture ,look+-glass to e ,woman'--?is consi/+ ( ! foll[+ texts3 ,prov]bs xxxi4 #cj2 #a ,pet] iii4 #c2 #a ,timo?y iv4 #h4 ,at ! two extremities ( ! fan are scrolls ) #8a description ( a good woman1' & a poem entitl$ #8,! ,wi%'--?is latt] be+ a pray] & supplication to ! ,almighty to #8,be ! gu>dian ( ! virtu\s fair1 ,bless !m ) all ?+s t !y truly ne$1 ,& 9 ,religion's pa?s _! foot/eps lead4' ,! :ole design enclos$ 9 a scroll ) a rose & honeysuckle fill+ ! int]v5+ spaces4 ,pr9t$1 z ! ,act directs1 = ,j4 ,fr5*1 ,no4 #ag ,holborn ,hill4 ,9 ,may #agif #8! new *ur*-fan' appe>s1 a mu* m pret5ti\s design1 engrav$ 9 /ipple1 & #8publi%$ ) ! ,approbation ( ! ,"l ,bi%op ( ,london4' ,! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts are giv5 9 ! c5tre1 ) ! ,"l's ,pray] & ! ,cre$ on ei!r side2 ^! are alt]nat$ ) m$allions ( angels1 above :i* are pray]s = ! k+'s maje/y & ! royal family4 ,at ! extreme top ( ! fan is a figure ( ! ,holy ,_s ) ?ree *]ubs1 ! :ole be+ enclos$ )9 an elaborate bord] =m$ ( royal cr[ns & ,pr9ce ( ,wales's fea!rs4 ,m9dful ( ! prote/ ( ! #8,female ,re=m]' 9 ! ,lady's ,magaz9e1 al?\gh p]haps some:at belat$ 7x w be rememb]$ t ! #8nak$ ,cupids & ladies almo/ s' 7 obs]v$ 9 a diss5t+ place ( wor%ip71 ! #8*apel-fan' appe>s1 9 ,july ( ?is same ye>1 #agif1 hav+ 9 ! c5tre a l>ge m$allion ( ! resurrection ( a pi\s family1 aft] a picture by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,pet]s1 inscrib$1 #8,glory to ,god 9 ! ,highe/1' & on ei!r side small] m$allions repres5t+ #8,/4 ,cecilia' & #8,! ,infant ,samuel at ,pray]4' ,! fan is fur!r inscrib$ ) a morn+ & ev5+ pray] & two hymns--#8,! ,example ( ,*ri/1' & #8,on ,retirem5t & ,m$itation4' ,a numb] ( fans 7 f "t to "t issu$ ) subjects f ,scripture hi/ory1 d\btless = *ur* use1 z #8,! ,bir? ( ,esau & ,jacob1' 9 :i* we h an illu/ration ( ,rebekah 9 b$1 att5d$ by female s]vants2 #8,moses /rik+ ! ,rock1' ,publi%$ by ,m4 ,gamble1 accord+ to ! late ,act1 #agdj2 #8,paul ,prea*+ at ,a!ns1' etc4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are extremely weak productions1 exhibit+ none ( t s5se ( "* di/+ui%+ simil> subjects treat$ by ! ,/af=d%ire pott] ( ?is & a lat] p]iod4 ,mr4 ,?omas ,osborne's ,duck-,hunt+ records an ev5t 9 ! hi/ory ( a booksell] ( ,gray's ,inn ,gate1 ,holborn1 at 8 c\ntry-h\se at ,hamp/ead 9 #aged4 ,a c]ta9 ,capta9 ,pratt51 :o _h obta9$ "s notoriety ?r\gh 8 v p>ticul> att5tions to ! wife ( ,mr4 ,sc>lett1 an optician ( ,soho1 #8^: ,microscope = view+ opake objects is /ill 9 use1' b :o1 app>5tly1 did n possess any microscope or optic glass ?r\gh :i* he might view ev5ts :i* 7 suffici5tly transp>5t to e "o b himself1 _h propos$ to ,mr4 ,osborne t by way ( h\se-w>m+ he %\ld +ratiate himself ) ! families ( ,hamp/ead1 #8!n a ,wat]+-place & v gay1' by giv+ a public breakfa/ = ! ladies & a duck-hunt+ = ! g5tlem54 ,on ! morn+ ( ! #aj? ( ,septemb] ( ! ye> 9 "q ! company assembl$1 ! broad panni]$ petticoats ( ! ladies mak+ a v brave array1 &1 ! breakfa/ & duck-hunt+ prov+ s successful1 our waggi% ,capta91 :o _h in/all$ himself ma/] ( ! c]emonies1 m9dful1 d\btless1 ( 8 own private & p>ticul> duck-hunt+1 p]suad$ ! va9 & simple booksell] to prolong ! ent]ta9m5t1 fir/ by a cold collation & o!r div]sions1 & f9ally by a dance1 9 :i* ! #8y\ng] "p ( ! company tripp$ on ! light fanta/ic toe till b$time4' ,z a s\v5ir ( ! ev5t1 ! gallant & res\rceful ,capta9 fur!r p]suad$ ,mr4 ,osborne to h a fan engrav$ & pres5t$ to ea* ( ! lady visitors4 ,illu/ration3 ,mr ,?omas ,osborne's ,duck ,hunt+1 ,s*reib] ,colln41 ,briti% ,museum4 obv]se rev]se4 ,?is is engrav$ on bo? sides2 on ! obv]se1 ! duck-hunt+1 ) ! ,capta9 & 8 innamorata 9 ! imm$iate =egr\nd2 on ! rev]se1 a g5]al view ( ! h\se & gr\nds4#aee ,conv]sation- or speak+-fans are devices by :i* ! diff]5t motions ( ! fan are made to correspond ) ! lett]s ( ! alphabet1 a code be+ e/abli%$ by means ( :i* a sil5t & secret conv]sation is c>ri$ on4 ,five signals are giv51 correspond+ to ! five divisions ( ! alphabet1 ! diff]5t lett]s1 omitt+ ! ,j1 be+ capable ( division into five1 ! movem5ts #a #b #c #d #e correspond+ to ea* lett] 9 ea* division4 #a4 ,by mov+ ! fan ) left h& to "r arm4 #b4 ,! same movem5t1 b ) "r h& to left arm4 #c4 ,plac+ aga9/ bosom4 #d4 ,rais+ x to ! m\?4 #e4 ,to =ehead4 ,example3--,suppose ,de> to be ! ^w to be express$4 ,d belong+ to ! fir/ division1 ! fan mu/ be mov$ to ! "r2 !n1 z ! numb] und]writt5 is #d1 ! fan is rais$ to ! m\?4 ,e1 belong+ to ! same division1 ! fan is likewise mov$ to ! "r1 &1 z ! numb] und]writt5 is #e1 ! fan is lift$ to ! head & s =?4 ,! t]m9ation ( ea* ^w is di/+ui%$ by a full display ( ! fan1 & z ! :ole directions ) illu/rations are display$ on ! fan1 ?is language is m simple ?an at fir/ sight might appe>4 ,! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e = #agdj pr9ts ! foll[+ effusion1 ref]r+ presumably to "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ^! fans3-- #8,a speak+ fan6 a v pretty ?\ght2 ,! toy is sure to full p]fection br\ght3 ,x is a noble1 useful1 great design1 ,may ! projector's g5ius ev] %9e6 ,! fair "o n[ ne$ nev] be alone6 ,a h>d%ip sometimes on ! sex is ?r[n2 ,= female notions are ( t ext5t ,impossible1 "o ,i ?\ght %\ld give #8em v5t4 ,new s*emes ( dress1 intrigue & play1 ,want new expressions e day3 ,& d\bly ble/6 mu/ be t mortal man1 ,:o may conv]se ) ,sylvia & h] ,fan4' #8,! ,orig9al ,fanology1 or ,ladies' ,conv]sation fan1' 0 inv5t$ by ,*>les ,francis ,bad9i1 & publi%$ z ! ,act directs by ,wm4 ,cock1 #db ,pall ,mall1 ,aug4 #g1 #agig4 #8,! telegraph ( ,cupid 9 ?is fan1 ,?\gh y %\ld f9d1 suspect no wrong2 #8,tis b a simple & div]t+ plan ,= ,ladies to *it-*at & hold ! tongue4' ,a fanology fan1 ( diff]5t design b ) ! same directions1 inv5t$ by ,bad9i1 0 publi%$ five mon?s e>li] 7,m>* #ah7 by ,rob]t ,cl>ke1 ,fanmak]1 ,no4 #bf ,/r&1 ,london4 ,! new conv]sation or tte-a-tte fan gives z a c5tre m$allion ,v5us robb+ ,cupid ( 8 ,b[1 ) inscrib$ comp>tm5ts on bo? sides1 hav+ ref]5ce to ! ,answ] & ,"q ( ! ,lady to ! ,g5tleman4 ,! language ( ! fan has already be5 ref]r$ to 9 an e>li] *apt]1 portions ( ! code be+ giv54 ,see ,spani% fans1 page #acg4 ,gypsy1 =tune-tell+ & necromantic fans =m a l>ge class1 & 7 common dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,z e>ly1 h[ev]1 z ,aug4 #c1 #agcd1 a necromantic fan 0 adv]tis$ 9 ! ,craftsman z foll[s3-- #8,by ,eo1 ,meo1 ,areo4 ,on ,monday la/ 0 publi%$ ,! ,necromantick ,fan2 or1 ,magick ,glass4 ,be+ a new-inv5t$ ,ma*9e ,fan1 t by a slight ,t\* unse5 a ,lady 9 ! ,fan *anges h] ,dress+-,glass accord+ to ! foll[+ ,invitations3 ,if any "o himself w\ld see1 ,pray s5d ! ,g5tleman to me3 ,= 9 my ,magick ,glass ,i %[ ,! ,p$ant1 ,poet1 ,cit1 or ,beau2 ,likewise a ,/atesman wisely dull1 ,^: plodd+ ,head's ) ,treaties full4 ,etc4 ,made & sold by ,,edw>d ,,vaughan1 ,fanmak]1 at ! ,gold5 ,fan ne> ! ,*apel 9 ,russel ,c\rt1 ,drury ,lane4' ,a necromantic fan 0 issu$ by ,gamble2 #8,de> ,doctor consult ! ,/>s1' repres5t+ an old necromanc] be+ consult$ by ladies4 #8,gypsy' fans are inv>iably arrang$ accord+ to a regul> pr9ciple4 ,a m$allion 9 ! c5tre1 ( a ,gypsy tell+ =tunes1 ! diff]5t c>ds1 toge!r ) _! significance1 arrang$ 9 f\r r[s ov] ! g5]al field ( ! fan1 & at ! top1 or on ! rev]se1 ! explanation1 or directions = tell+ =tunes4 ,! #8,gypsy ,fan' con=ms to ?is rule s f> z ! m$allion is conc]n$3 9 lieu1 h[ev]1 ( ! c>ds ) _! explanation we h a s]ies ( floral fe/oons1 bord]s1 etc41 pa9t$ by h&4 ,! fan #8made by ,cl>ke & ,co41 at _! ,w>eh\se1 ! ,k+'s ,arms1 ne> ,*>+ ,cross1 ,/r&1 ,london4 ,inv5tors ( ! mu* e/eem$ slid+ ,pocket ,fan4'#aef ,! #8,oracle' has 9 ! c5tre a :eel ( =tune ) two w+$ *ildr5 on cl\ds1 "o ( :om holds a scroll inscrib$ #8,oracle4' ,on ! sides ( ! fan ! names ( ! t5 great] gods & goddesses1 9 t5 columns1 ! names dispos$ diff]5tly 9 ea*4 ,on ! l[] "p ( ! fan ! #8,explication' ( ! ,oracle1 & #8examples' toge!r ) ! que/ions1 z--#8,:e!r "o is to get ,ri*es2 ,:e!r "o w be successful 9 ,love2 ,:at sort ( a ,husb& %all ,i h'2 etc4 etc4 ,on ! rev]se are heads ( ! gods & goddesses ) _! attributes1 ) t5 columns ( inscriptions1 ea* conta9+ t5 answ]s to que/ions4 ,pub4 accord4 to ,act1 ,jany4 #a1 #ahjj1 by ,ino4 ,cock1 ,i4 ,p4 ,cr[d] ,co41 ,no4 #ba ,wood ,/reet1 ,*eapside1 ,london4 ,! #8,:eel ( ,=tune1 by :i* may be kn[n mo/ ?+s t c be requir$1' pres5ts u ) a v>iation ( ! =ego+4 ,! :eel occupies ! c5tre ( ! fan1 ) f\r female heads repres5t+--#a4 ,ba? ,gypsy4 #b4 ,norwood ,gypsy4 #c4 ,corsican ,gypsy4 #d4 ,york ,gypsy4 ,on ! "o side ( ! fan1 #8,phisiognomy1' ) directions h[ to read x2 on ! o!r1 #8,p]il\s ,days1' ) a progno/ication ( ! date & mann] ( dea? ( ,napoleon1 viz41 by suffocation or dr[n+1 at ! latt] end ( #ahaj or beg9n+ ( #ahab4 ,j4 ,fleetwood1 ,sc41 #dh ,fett] ,lane4 ,an int]e/+ class ( fans is t illu/rat+ popul> & fa%ionable resorts1 ent]ta9m5ts1 etc41 z ,b>?olomew ,fair1 ,ba?1 ,ranelagh1 ,vauxhall ,g>d5s1 ! ,cresc5t at ,buxton1 etc4 ,h5ry ,morley1 9 8 int]e/+ ,memoirs ( ,b>?olomew ,fair1 has giv5 u an amus+ description ( ! fan sold 9 t annual saturnalia1 :]e ,h5ry ,field+ once _h an int]e/4 #8,"h are drolls1 hornpipe-danc+1 & %[+ ( po/ures2 ,plum-porridge1 black pudd+1 & op5+ ( oy/]s3 ,! tap-h\se gue/s swe>+1 & gall]y folks squall+1 ,) salt-boxes solus1 & m\?-pieces bawl+2 ,pimps1 pick-pockets1 /roll]s1 fat l&ladies1 sailors1 ,bawds1 baileys1 jilts1 jockies1 ?ieves1 tumbl]s1 & taylors4 ,"h's ,pun*'s :ole game ( ! gun-p[d] plot1 sir1 ,wild bea/s all alive1 & pease porridge hot1 sir2 ,f9e sausages fri$1 & ! black on ! wire2 ,! :ole c\rt ( ,france1 & nice pig at ! fire2 ,! ups-&-d[ns1 :o'll take a seat 9 ! *air-o1 ,!re are m ups & d[ns ?an at ,b>tleme ,fair-o4' ,g4 ,a4 ,,/ev5s4 #ah? ,c5t4 ,! hum\rs ( ! piece are ma9ly te*nical4 ,our ,b>?olomew arti/1 hav+ 8 own views ( p]spective1 has c>efully economis$ ! numb] ( 8 figures & left out at discretion bodies or legs 9 ! treatm5t ( :i* he 0 emb>rass$4 ,?us ! leg ( a dr9k+-/all s]ves also = ! wood5 leg ( a bibul\s p]son /&+ by4 ,a man )1 app>5tly1 b "o arm1 salutes1 9 a mann] at once di/ant & peculi>1 an apple-woman1 :o lifts up h] basket by ! apples t are 9 x4 ,our arti/1 f9d+ t ! f\r? /all ( 8 ma*9e #8,ups & ,d[ns' w\ld complicate 8 picture1 has left x out altoge!r1 & ) a view also to arti/ic effect1 has d5i$ legs to ! g5tleman :o is ta/+ 8 ale ) s mu* reli%1 :ile ! hot sausages 7= ^! curi\s figures ( eight are int5d$ = sausages7 gr[ cold ^u 8 plate4 ,pie ,corn]1 ) its delicate pig & pork1 is depict$1 ) ,sir ,rob]t ,walpole1 ord]s & all1 issu+ f ! %op4 ,! fan is engrav$ 9 mezzot9t1 ! v>i\s subjects =m+ a v excell5t mosaic ( patt]n3 x 0 re-engrav$ & publi%$ by ,j4 ,f4 ,set*el 9 #ahbi1 & 0 accompani$ by a description ( ! fair1 9 :i* ! date ( #agba 0 assign$ to ! orig9al4 ,?is & o!r inaccuracies be+ fir/ po9t$ out by ,h5ry ,morley1 :o %[$ t ! ,droll ( ! siege ( ,be?ulia1 conta9+ ! anci5t hi/ory ( ,judi? & ,hol(]nes1 ) ! comical hum\rs ( ,ru/ego & 8 man ,t]rible1 said to be p]=m+ 9 ,lee & ,h>p]'s ,boo?1 0 n pres5t$ at t fam\s e/abli%m5t until #agcb4aeg ,a v]sion ( ! well-kn[n pr9t1 aft] ,canaletto1 ( ! ,rotunda1 g>d51 & build+s at ,ranelagh is giv5 on a fan 9 ! ,s*reib] collection1 engrav$ by ,n4 ,p>r1 #agea4 ,a view ( ! ,cresc5t at ,buxton also appe>s enclos$ 9 an oval m$allion1 ) ! inscription1 #8,cresc5t1 ,buxton4' ,! foll[+ adv]tisem5ts relative to ^! subjects appe>$ 9 ! ,craftsman3-- #8,june #ae1 #agcd4 #8,j ,publi%$4 ,by ,jona?an ,p9*beck1 ,fan ,mak]1 etc4 7accurately del9eat$ on a ,fan ,m\nt7 #8,! ,hum\rs ( ,new ,tunbridge ,wells2 be+ a ,draught ( ! ,h\se1 ,g>d5s1 ,well1 ,walks1 etc41 ) ! diff]5t ,airs1 ,ge/ures1 & ,behavi\r ( ! ,company1 & all o!r rural ,ent]ta9m5ts ( ! ,place4 ,tak5 f ! ,life3 by an em95t ,h&4' #8,july #b1 #agcg4 #8,?is day is ,publi%$ #8,! new ,vaux ,hall ,fan2 or ! rural ,h>mony & delightful ,pleasures ( ,vaux-,hall ,g>d5s2 ) ! diff]5t ,air1 ,altitude1 & ,decorum ( ! ,company t frequ5t t beautiful place2 done to its utmo/ ,beauty & ,p]fection4 #8,:]eon is %ewn ! ,walks1 ! ,or*e/ra1 ! gr& ,pavillion1 & ! ,organ1 :i* f> excels any ,?+ ( ! k9d yet (f]'d to ! ,publick4 #8,sold at ,p9*beck's ,fan ,w>eh\se1 etc4 #8,:]e may be _h1 ,! ,dumb ,oracle2 & ! ,royal ,repository1 or ,m]l9's ,cave2 & all sorts ( ,fans ( ! newe/ ,fa%ion1 :olesale or retail4' ,illu/ration3 ,! ,trial ( ,w>r5 ,ha/+s4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,burdett-,c\tts4 ,m4,p4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,p>ades ( ,ba?1 #agcg4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,burdett-,c\tts4 ,m4,p4 ,9 ! int]e/+ fan1 giv+1 )9 a l>ge c>t\*e1 a view ( ! ,p>ades1 & ,old ,assembly ,rooms at ,ba?1 #agcg1 ,beau ,na% appe>s 9 ! =egr\nd 9 lilac coat1 ) a :ite hat "u 8 arm1#aeh address+ a bevy ( fa%ionable ladies2 at ! sides are floral & diap]$ ornam5ts 9 ! ,*9ese ta/e4 ,! example illu/rat$1 :i* is col\r$ ) extreme c>e1 0 acquir$ by ! ,b>oness ,burdett-,c\tts at ! ,walk] sale 9 #ahhb4 ,?is is ! m\nt ref]r$ to by ,p9*beck 9 8 adv]tisem5t ( #8,june #c1 #agch4 #8,?is day is ,publi%$ on a ,fan ,m\nt 7,fit = ! ,second ,m\rn+ or 9 col\rs7 ,an accurate & lively ,prospect ( ! celebrat$ ,grove at ,ba?1 :]eon ! rural ,pleasures & exact ,decorum ( ! company are curi\sly repres5t$1 ) "s cursory ,obs]vations on ! ,behavi\r ( ,sundry ,p]sons1 p>ticul>ly ! fam\s ,b4 ,n4 #8,likewise ! rural ,h>mony & delightful ,pleasures ( ,vaux-,hall ,g>d5s4 ,also ! ,royal ,repository1 or ,m]l9's ,cave2 be+ an exact ,emblem ( t beautiful ,/ructure erect$ by ! late ,que5 9 ! ,royal ,g>d5s at ,ri*mond4 #8,sold :olesale or retail at ,p9*beck's ,fan ,w>eh\se1 etc41 by ,mr4 ,cr[br[1 at ! ,india ,h\se on ! ,walks3 & at ,mr4 ,dalassol's & ,mr4 ,weak/ead's ,%ops 9 ! ,grove at ,ba?4' ,two fans 7 publi%$ 9 ,june #ageg by ,g4 ,sp]51 giv+ a view ( ! int]ior ( ! ,pump-,room at ,ba?1 & ! ,orange ,grove1 ) obelisk1 g>d51 & build+s4 ,lady ,*>lotte ,s*reib] quotes ! foll[+ adv]tisem5t :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,craftsman dur+ ?is ye>3-- #8,?is day is publi%'d1 by ,jona?an ,p9*beck1 ,fan-mak]1 at ! ,fan & ,cr[n 9 ,new ,road-,c\rt 9 ! ,/r&1 & sold by him ,:olesale & ,retail4 #8,! ,ba? ,m$ley2 ,be+ an accurate & curi\s ,draught ( ! ,pump ,room at ,ba?1 & mo/ ( ! kn[n ,company :o frequ5t x1 adorn'd ) ! ,portraitures ( h] ,royal ,highness ! ,pr9cess ,amelia#aei & o!r illu/ri\s p]sonages :o hon\r'd ! ,place ) _! ,pres5ce ! la/ ,season2 :]e9 ! ,topicks ( ,disc\rse & ,conv]sations ( ,companies are imp>tially consid]'d2 _! diff]5t ,behavi\rs1 ,airs1 ,attitudes1 etc41 judici\sly repres5t$2 ! ,fopp]y ( ! ,beaus h9t$ at1 & ! ,intrigues ( ! fam\s ,b-- ,n-- & o!rs fully explod$4 ,tak5 f ! ,life1 & f9ely del9eat$ 9 above fifty ,hi]oglyphical figures4 #8,n4,b4--,a spuri\s pyratical ,copy ( ?is ,fan is lately publi%'d1 :i* is n l ! ,place x %\ld repres5t1 & may easily be discov]'d f ! ,orig9al by its hav+ ,pill>s to support ! ,musick ,gall]y1 & 9 ! ,middle is wrote ,! ,ba? ,m$ley4' ,! fir/ ,pump-,room 0 op5$ 9 #agjf1 ) all ! clat ( a public procession1 & a musical fte1 at :i* 0 sung a song specially compos$ 9 hon\r ( ,k+ ,bladud1 ! fa!r ( ,le>1 & my?ical f\nd] ( ,ba?1 rec\nt+ ! /ory ( 8 glori\s de$s1 & 8 so>+ ambition1 :i*1 ,ic>us-l1 f9ally ov]rea*$ itself4#afj ,! sequel to ! /ory is to be f\nd 9 ! foll[+ quotation 9 ,meehan1 ,fam\s ,h\ses ( ,ba?3-- #8,vex'd at ! brutes alone possess+ ,:at ought to be a common bless+3 ,he drove !m !nce 9 mighty wra?1 ,& built ! /ately t[n ( ,ba?4 ,! ,hogs1 ?us bani%$ by ! ,pr9ce1 ,h liv'd 9 ,bri/ol ev] s9ce6' ,! ,pump-,room illu/rat$ on ! fan 0 erect$ 9 #agcb1 & 01 toge!r ) ! ,assembly-rooms1 really ! creation ( ,beau ,na%1 :o p]suad$ "o ,?omas ,h>rison to build a room = danc+ on ! ea/ side ( ! ,grove1 ) access to ! b[l+-gre51 :i* !n became kn[n z ,h>rison's ,walks4 ,to ma9ta9 8 supremacy1 ,na% r5t$ ! ,pump-,room f ! corporation1 & put x "u ! *>ge ( an (fic] call$ ! ,pump]1 & = a :ile induc$ ,h>rison to accept ?ree gu9eas a week = ! ,assembly-rooms & c&les4#afa ,! ,grove 0 re-nam$ ! ,orange ,grove by ?is same wor?y1 :o erect$ ! obelisk 9 ! c5tre 9 commemoration ( ! visit ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange :o came to ,ba? = ! b5efit ( 8 heal?4 ,,9 ,,memoriam ,,sanitatis ,,pr9cipi ,,auriaco ,,aqu>um ,,!rmalium ,,potu ,,fav5te ,,deo ,,ovante ,,britannia ,,felicit] ,,re/itutae ,m4,,dcc4,,xxxiv4#afb ,! ext]ior ( ! ,rotunda1 h\se1 g>d5s1 etc41 at ,ranelagh1 is giv5 on a fan m\nt 9 ! ,s*reib] collection1 ?is be+ a copy ( a pr9t entitl$ #8,vue de l',extrieur de la ,rotonde4 ,maison ,j>d9s1 etc41 ,ranelagh4 #8,canaleti1 del94' #8,n4 ,p>r1 sculpt4' ,publi%$ accord+ to ,act ( ,p>liam5t4 ,decemb] #b1 #agea4' ,op]a fans give plans ( ! boxes at ! ,op]a1 ) names ( ! occupants4 ,an example 9 ! ,s*reib] collection is inscrib$3 #8,new ,op]a ,fan = #agig4 ,w4 ,cock4 ,publi%'d z ! ,act ,directs = ! ,proprietor1 by ,p]mission ( ! ,manag] ( ! ,op]a ,h\se1 #db ,pall ,mall4' ,! foll[+ adv]tisem5t appe>$ 9 ! ,times ( ,janu>y #a1 #aghh3-- #8,,! ,,op]a ,,fans4 #8,to ! subscrib]s & frequ5t]s ( ! ,k+'s ,!atre4 #8,la/ ,saturday 7 publi%$ accord+ to ,act ( ,p>liam5t4 ,! ,deliv]y1 h[ev]1 0 put (f until ! re-op5+ ( ! ,op]a ,h\se next week1 = ! purpose ( pres5t+ !m 9 ! be/ /ate ( improvem5t4 #8,^! fans are calculat$ to pres5t at "o view bo? ! numb] ( boxes includ+ ! additional ones1 names ( subscrib]s1 etc41 & h be5 c>efully comp>$ ) ! plan ( ! ,h\se or kept at ! (fice1 & w be sold only by ! proprietor1 ,mrs4 ,h4 ,m41 ,no4 #ha ,haym>ket1 :]e %e w receive ) respectful gratitude any comm&s f ! ladies & wait on !m if requir$4' ,a fan publi%$ on ! same date1 ,janu>y #a1 #aghh1 by ,cl>ke & ,co41 appe>s 9 ! ,s*reib] collection1 & gives ! plan ( ! ,k+'s ,!atre = #aghh2 ! c5tre box be>s ! names ( ! ,duke & ,du*ess ( ,cumb]l& & t ( ! ,duke ( ,york2 ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales & ,mrs4 ,fitzh]b]t be+ 9 box sixty-?ree on ! "r4#afc ,fans illu/rative ( ! #8t5d] passion' naturally =m a l>ge class1 & may be divid$ into ! foll[+ gr\ps3-- #a4 ,satirical & ,amus+4 #b4 ,pa/oral1 ,social1 & ,fancy4 #c4 ,subjects f ,classic ,my?ology1 z #8,! ,m>riage ( ,cupid & ,psy*e1' #8,! ,!ft ( ,cupid's ,b[1' #8,! ,(f]+ ( ,love1' etc4 ,maps ( ! affections 7 common bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & on ! ,cont95t1 & are inv>iably design$ on ! pr9ciple ( ! ,italian fan1 #8,il ,paese del ,matrimonio1' ref]r$ to page #bfi4 ,! foll[+ adv]tisem5t appe>$ 9 ! ,craftsman = ,janu>y #ac1 #agcb-c3-- #8,daniel ,*&l]1 ,fan mak] 9 ! ,/r& ov] aga9/ ,s\?ampton ,/41 :o inv5t$ & sold ! ,lilliputian ,fans1#afd & ,v>iety ( o!r pleasant ,fans1 is n[ provid$ ) a ,p>cel ( fa%ionable ,fans1 neatly m\nt$1 repres5t+ ! map ( ,t5d]1 :i* may af=d ,ent]ta9m5t bo? = ,ladies & ,g5tlem5 :o are ,t5d]ly incl9$1 & dispos$ to be agreeably m]ry4 #8,^! fans & ,m\nts are likewise sold by ,mi*ael ,burnet1 ,fan mak]1 at ! ,h& & ,fan1 ov] aga9/ ,friday ,/4 9 ,*eapside4' ,on ! same date1 ,saturday1 ,janu>y #ac1 #agcb-c1 ,p9*beck ann\nces ! #8,c\rt+ ,fan ,m\nts4' #8,an ,embleme ( ! ,f\r diff]5t ,/ages ( life f9ely del9eat$ 9 sev5 hi]oglyphical ,figures4 ,be+ a lively repres5tation ( ! ,address ( "y ,lov]s1 ! ,raptures ( a new-m>ri$ c\ple2 ! reciprocal ,h>mony ( ,anti5t w$d$ companions2 & ! abject1 wret*$ /ate ( an ,old ,maid4 ,illu/rat$ ) a ,p>aphrase1 on ea* cut1 :i* s]ves z a ,key to ! :ole4 #8,n4,b4--,at ! abovesaid ,place may be _h all sorts ( ,fans & ,fan-m\nts ( ! newe/ ,fa%ion1 & at ! l[e/ prices1 :olesale or retail4' ,on ,april #bj1 #agcd1 ,p9*beck adv]tises3 #8,! ,old ,man's ,folly4--,9 ?is ,fan is repres5t$ an old ,mis]1 :o at ! age ( ,f\rscore _h ! ,vanity to c\rt a "y lady ( ,tw5ty2 %e despises 8 ,addresses1 & ,cupid %oots ,?und] at 8 ,head3 9 ?is ,dilemma1 ,bac*us invites him to a ,banquet at ! ,nect>ius ,grove2 :il/ ! ,eye ( ,heav5 %9es propiti\s on ! ,raptures ( a y\?ful c\ple4 #8,:]e may be _h #8,! abject1 wret*$ /ate ( an ,old ,maid1 & div]s o!r curi\s ,fans2 ! ,designs tak5 f ! be/ ,ma/]s4' ,^! two fans _h be5 ann\nc$ e>li] by ,p9*beck on ,jan4 #ae? ( ! same ye>1 z foll[s3-- #8,j ,publi%$4444 ,! ,am\rs ( an ,old ,bat*ellor1 or ! ,d[nfall ( ,sir ,limb]ham2 likewise ! f\r diff]5t ,/ages ( ,life2 or ! abject1 wret*$ ,/ate ( an ,old ,maid4 ,to ea* ( ^! ,fans are prefix'd1 ,v]ses suitable to ! ,occasion1 :i* expla9 ! ,design4' ,m4 ,gamble1 on ,augu/ #aa1 #agci1 adv]tises #8,a new ,fan1 :]e9 is del9eat$ a ,damsel bewail+ ! ,loss ( h] ,lov]1 :o is repres5t$ z ca/ away 9 a ,/orm4 #8,:]e may also be _h1 a ,fan lately publi%'d entitl$ ,! ,sailor's ,w$d+1 be+ made to ! glori\s & immortal ,maje/y ( ,que5 ,elizabe?4' #8,be=e & aft] ,m>riage' gives expression to an idea :i* also suppli$ a fav\rite motif = ,engli% & especially ,/af=d%ire pott]y4 ,on a cream w>e jug1 ) illu/rations ( c\rt%ip & matrimony1 we h ! foll[+ c\plets expressive ( ! two contra/+ conditions3-- #8,9 c\rt%ip ,/rephon c>eful h&s 8 lass ,ov] a /ile a *ild ) ease might pass4' 99 99 99 99 99 #8,b w$d$1 ,/rephon n[ neglects 8 dame1 ,tumble or n1 to him #8tis all ! same4' ,! fan leaf1 publi%$ 9 ,p>is1 b also issu$ 9 ,engl&1 illu/rates two sc5es1 9 ! =m] ( :i* ,cupid smiles approv+ly3 9 ! latt]1 ,cupid 9 ! backgr\nd is ov]:elm$ ) grief at ?is in/ance ( ,/rephon's indiff]5ce2 above are inscriptions 9 ,fr5* & ,spani%3 #8,la ,complaisance de l',amant ou ,huit j\rs avant1' & #8,l'indiffr5ce du ,m>i ou ,huit j\rs aprs4' ,! fan et*$ f draw+s by ,william ,williams1 a "n :i* sugge/s an ,engli% orig9 ( ! idea4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,trip to ,gretna4 ,s*reib] ,colln1 ,briti% ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 #8,b>tolozzi' ,fan4 ,mrs ,frank ,w4 ,gibson4 7,eugnie ,joa*im47 ,a simil> contra/ is drawn 9 two fans publi%$ by ,j4 ,read1 ,feb4 #bj1 & ,nov4 #a1 #agie1 #acc ,pall ,mall3 #8,! ,good ,swa9' gives ?ree oval m$allions ( #8,! ,morn+ ( ,y\?1' #8,mid-,day ( ,life1' & #8,*e>ful ,ev5+ ( ,old ,age1' ea* subject be+ provid$ ) f\r l9es ( v]se comm5c+ )1 #8,unless ) my ,am&a ble/4' ,! #8,good-=-no?+ ,swa9' gives #8,! ,v[ ( ,con/ancy1' #8,! ,h\r ( ,infidelity1' & #8,cupid's ,f>ewell1' ! v]ses comm5c+1 #8,) soo?+ ,smiles he won my easy he>t4' ,bo? fans be> ! "n ( #8,g4 ,wilson1' :o appe>s on a numb] ( fans ( ?is p]iod bo? z design]1 engrav]1 & publi%]1 & evid5tly suppli$ designs1 or /ock1 to o!r publi%]s4 ,among ! m successful humor\s fans are ^? giv+1 9 a s]ies ( m$allions along ! bord] ( ! fan1 #8,a selection ( ,beau's1 ,:imsical1 ,comical1 & ,ecc5trical2 or ,c&idates = ! ,ladies' ,fav\r'2 & #8,! ,ladies' ,bill ( ,f>e1 or a ,copi\s ,collection ( ,beaux4' ,! v>i\s k9ds ( lov]s are ea* provid$ ) a suitable inscription above & bel[1 z3 #8,a ,sp>k ( "s ,conceit1 ,let me die if ,i don't believe %e ?9ks ( me ,night & ,day1' #8,a ,man ( high price1 ,i am det]m9$ n to ,m>ry any ,woman "u a ,dut*ess1' etc4 #8,! ,m]ry ,lov]1' & #8,i ,live1 ,love1 & ,laugh1' etc4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! fans1 und]nea? a fly+ ,cupid1 are v]ses 9 fur!r elucidation ( ! subject3 #8,t simple ?+--,a woman's ,he>t1 ,h[ (t #8tis play'd ^u2 ,:at ,beau's (t cause its pa9ful sm>t1 ,& triumph :5 !y've done4' #8,m>k well our ,motley ,gr\p above1 ,! little %un--! ,hone/ love4' & on #8,! ,ladies' ,bill ( ,f>e'3 #8,to plague & please all womank9d1 ,"h's ,gallants sure a pl5ty6-- ,*use !n a ,beau to suit y\r m9d1 ,or *ange #8till "o cont5t ye4' ,^! fans are engrav$ 9 mix$ l9e & /ipple1 ! "n #8,g4 ,wilson1 delt41' appe>+ on ! fir/ m5tion$1 ) #8,london1 publi%$ ,may #be1 #agie1 by ,i4 ,read1 ,no4 #acc ,pall ,mall4' ,on ! latt]1 #8,publi%$ z ! ,act directs by ,g4 ,wilson1 #ad ,feb4 #agie1 #ajh ,/4 ,m>t9's ,lane4' ,o!r fans hav+ ref]5ce to ! affections1 & issu$ by ! same publi%]1 are3 #8,! ,progress ( ,love' 9 ! five /ages ( #8,cupid ,reliev$'2 #8,aman?a ,rew>d$'2 #8,pa/ime ( ,love'2 #8,alt> ( ,hym5'2 #8,connubial ,bliss'2 #8,! ,lady's ,advis]1 ,physician1 & ,morali/1 or1 ,half-an-,h\r's ,ent]ta9m5t at ! ,exp5se ( ,nobody6' & #8,! ,quiz ,club'--! latt] giv+ twelve circul> m$allions ( ridicul\s *>act]s r\nd ! bord] ( ! fan1 ) suitable descriptions und]nea?3 #8,?is "y ,sp>k is p]fectly a man ( ,ta/e--dresses l a g5tleman--swe>s l a ,nabob1 & believes ! ,ladies ?9k him a clev] fell[4' 99 99 99 99 99 #8,?is ,man 7wond]ful man he %\ld be call$7 is a le>n$ ,ass4 ,speaks gramatically nice1 looks v solemn1 & expects ye ,ladies to und]/& 8 consequ5ce1 happy are !y :o w9 8 smiles4' 99 99 99 99 99 #8,a fit ,man = a closet--give ?is g5tleman retirem5t1 he requires to be> ,compy ) none b invissibles--,gods1 ,goddesses1 ,g5ii1 ,fauns1 ,sylphs1 ,naiads1 ,dryads1 ye l4' #8,an unfit ,man to be alone--"o t 8 associates h nicknam$ ,bob ,dr[sy1 he c f9d no amusem5t b 9 8 tongue1 if he is left half an h\r alone he falls asleep4' ,9 an oval m$allion 9 ! c5tre is ! foll[+3-- #8,,! ,,quiz ,,club4 ,d$icat$ to all ,beaus 9 ,*ri/5dom4 ,by ,s4 ,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,physiognomy & ,correction ( ! ,he>t4 ,de> ,madam1 ask y\r lov+ ,quiz ,if "h he #8,spies 8 own ,de> ,phiz2 ,& if m>k'd out "s fault he f9d1 ,l "o or two :i* w>p 8 m9d1 ,bid ! default] h5ce am5d ,& be ! ,sexes hon\r'd fri5d4 #8,publi%'d by ,a%ton ,co41 ,no4 #bh ,little ,brita91 ,may #a/1 #agig1 ,ent]'d at ,/ation]s' ,hall4' ,trips to ,gretna 7 among ! e>lie/ results ( ! abolition ( ,fleet m>riages by ,"l ,h>dwicke's ,new ,m>riage ,act ( #agec1 "o ( ! mo/ fam\s ( ^! cl&e/9e m>riages be+ t ( ,ri*>d ,lovell ,edgewor? t5 ye>s lat]4 ,! fan illu/rates1 9 six sc5es1 ! progress ( a love mat* f ! fir/ meet+1 to a m>riage at ,gretna1 & f9al =giv5ess by ! bride's fa!r--#8,! ,fir/ ,impression1' #8,mutual ,decl>ation1' #8,! ,refusal1' #8,! ,flight1' #8,! ,j\rney's ,end1' #8,! ,reconciliation4' ,?is subject also =m$ a fav\rite motif = ! ,/af=d%ire pott] ( ! p]iod1 :o produc$ a numb] ( gr\ps *>act]is$ by t qua9t hum\r :i* appe>s to be native to him4 ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 ! fan1 z 9 ! pott]y figure gr\ps1 ! popul> idea ( ! #8blacksmi?' is p]petuat$4 ,?is popul> notion1 h[ev]1 is ?us dispos$ ( by ,jeaffreson1 ! hi/orian ( matrimony 7,brides & ,bridals73 #8,!re is no evid5ce t any "o ( ! ,gretna ,gre5 m>riages 0 solemnis$ 9 a smi?y1 or t any "o ( ! fam\s ,gretna ,gre5 #8c\pl]s' ev] foll[$ ! smi?'s call+4 ,"o ( ^! s-call$ p>sons _h be5 a common soldi]1 ano!r a tobacconi/1 a ?ird a p$l>1 & all ( !m drunk>ds & *eats1 b no "o ( !m ev] %od a horse or wr\ght an iron bolt4' ,! /ate ( wid[hood also supplies ! motif ( a numb] ( fans1 ! subject usually tak+ ! =m ( a woman 9 classical co/ume1 m\rn+ ov] an alt>1 urn1 or tomb2 ! c5tral figure-subject g5]ally engrav$ 9 /ipple1 ! l&scape complet$ by h&4 ,sev]al examples are 9 ! ,s*reib] collection1 ! mo/ successful be+ t sign$ #8,f4 ,burney1 del42 ,h4 ,mey]1 sculpt4' ,9 ! ?ird gr\p1 subjects f classic my?ology1 ! prevail+ me?od or decorative s*eme is t ( an engrav$ m$allion1 l>ge or small1 occupy+ ! c5tre ( ! fan1 to be enclos$ 91 or incorporat$ )1 an ornam5tal sett+ pa9t$ by h&2 ! "* & treatm5t ( ! subject repres5t+ t pretty1 s5tim5tal quasi-classicism :i* set 9 ab\t ! middle ( ! c5tury1 & :i* we associate ) ! names ( ,cipriani1 ,angelica ,kauffmann1 & ! engrav] ,b>tolozzi4 ,a *>act]i/ic example is ! design by ,g4 ,b4 ,cipriani1 ,r4,a41 ( ,orpheus & ,eurydice em]g+ f ,hades1 _! way be+ light$ by ! tor* ( ,cupid4 ,! m$allion is engrav$ 9 /ipple1 ! field ( ! fan be+ complet$ by ornam5ts 9 black1 grey1 pale blue1 & silv]4 ,a v>iation ( ?is decorative s*eme has ?ree m$allions ) arabesque ornam5tation also engrav$1 ! fan usually be+ sold uncol\r$ b occasionally t9t$2 an example be+ #8,! ,p[] ( ,love'--a ,cupid rid+ on ! back ( a lion1 engrav$ by ,b>tolozzi f ! antique gem by ,prot>*os at ,flor5ce1 ) two small] m$allions ( ,cupids4 #8,publi%'d z ! ,act directs1 ,m>* #a1 #aghj1 by ,a4 ,poggi4'#afe ,an int]e/+ fan 9 ! ,wyatt collection is pr9t$ on *ick5 sk91 ) an almanac 9 ,spani%1 decorat$ ) ! signs ( ! ,zodiac 9 circles1 & bord]s ( fruit1 fl[]s1 etc41 col\r$ & gilt4 ,! /ick & gu>ds ( pi]c$ & c>v$ ivory1 pa9t$4 ,a class ( fan popul> bo? 9 ,france & ,engl&1 dur+ ! middle & latt] half ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 has a m$allion subject or s]ies ( subjects sup]impos$ ^u a /ream] ( lace2 ?is la/ be+ c>efully engrav$ & col\r$1 ! subjects pa9t$1 (t5 ) great elaboration4 ,an excell5t ,fr5* example occurs 9 ! ,wyatt collection1 ) a c>t\*e enclos+ a battle-piece1 fl[]s1 & insects introduc$ among/ ! lace2 ! /ick "m-(-pe>l1 gilt & silv]$1 ) #8gold-fi%' inlay2 ! :ole col\r effect extremely f9e4 ,pr9t$ fans 7 by no means conf9$ to ,france & ,engl&1 al?\gh x is 9 ^! c\ntries t ! practice obta9$ mo/ ext5sively2 fans 7 issu$ 9 ,g]many giv+ portraits ( ! ,emp]or ,leopold ,,ii4 & 8 wife1 ,m>ia ,l\isa ( ,spa91 & _! family2 ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii41 :o is repres5t$ z 9 ,elysium1 hav+ j emb>k$ f ,*>on's boat2 ( ,fr$]ick ,william ,,iii4 & ,que5 ,l\ise ( ,prussia1 & ( ,madame ,royale1 9 allusion to h] release 9 #agie & h] subsequ5t arrival 9 ,vi5na4 ,! fam\s engrav] ,*od[iecki also produc$ sev]al fans1 pr9ts ( :i* occur 9 ! ,b]l9 ,museum4 ,two ,italian examples may be ref]r$ to4 ,! subject kn[n z grotesque animals 0 obvi\sly execut$ z a c5tral subject1 ! field ( ! fan to be complet$ by h&4 ,x is an extraord9>ily skilful engrav+ ( a numb] ( animals play+ diff]5t antics4 ,9 ! c5tre is a monkey 9 cock$-hat & fea!r1 extract+ ) a pair ( =ceps a too? f a f[l :o is lay+ an egg ! mean:ile4 ,sympa!tic birds are p]*$ ar\nd1 & a squirrel is 9 att5dance ) a glass ( refre%m5t on a tray4 ,! design is made up ( simil> grotesque incid5ts--z a dog ) a pair ( tongs ov] 8 %\ld]1 return+ f a rat-cat*+ exp$ition2 a porcup9e read+ a book ) ! aid ( a magnify+ glass2 a fox ) two "y foxes rid+ on ! back ( a fi% :i* is duly provid$ ) a huge pair ( spectacles1 etc4 etc4 ,! hum\rs ( ! piece are too _m to be describ$ 9 detail4 ,no publi%]'s or arti/'s "n appe>4 ,! extreme l5g? is n9e in*es4 ,9 ! subject #8,il ,paese del ,matrimonio1' ! c5tre ( ! fan is occupi$ by a ,cupid /&+ 9 a boat1 say+3 #8,&iamo1 *i vi5e al paese del matrimonio1' & #8,v5ite1 signor9e1 ,ciascana delle vo/re madri falto prima di voi que/o viaggio4 ,la mia b>ca della pi leggi]e1 se non vi condurre a buon porto non mi pagh]ete4' ,on ei!r side are maps ( two imag9>y c\ntries--,t]ra del celibato & ,paesi del matrimonio1 ) pictorial repres5tations ( ! v>i\s places4 ,! =m] app>5tly is ! c\ntry ( tranquillity2 on x are figur$ ! ,tempio della pace1 ! ,fontana della quiete1 ! ,citt dell' indep5d5za1 ! ,p>adiso t]re/re4 ,! c\ntry ( matrimony is approa*$ by ! ,golfo del ,rimprov]o :i* lies betwe5 ! ,capo della dissimulazione & ! ,rupe della gelosia4 ,9 ?is c\ntry are discov]$ ! ,citt d'isagiosa2 ! ,tempio della discordia1 %[n z fall+ to pieces ) a volcano h>d by2 ! montagna dell' inf$elt1 f :i* spr+s a /ream empty+ itself into ! ,lago dell' indiff]5za4 ,on ! f>!r side ( ?is c\ntry ( unre/ lies ! ,golfo della luna di miele4 ,( ! processes ( engrav$ fans1 ! mo/ usual is t ( et*+1 (t5 f9i%$ 7sweet5$ is ! te*nical t]m7 by means ( ! grav] or bur94 ,pure l9e-engrav+ is frequ5tly employ$1 al?\gh mo/ l9e-engrav]s make use ( ! et*$ l9e z a f\ndation = subsequ5t "w ) ! bur94 ,et*+ is occasionally supplem5t$ by /ipple-engrav+ & ! free use ( ! r\lette4 ,_m fans are pa9t$ 9 a br[ni% black ink ) ! fle%-t9ts 9 r$2 9 o!rs sev]al col\rs are introduc$1 ?us anticipat+ ! mod]n process ( col\r$ et*+4 ,?is latt] is practically a sy/em ( pa9t+ ^u ! plate 9 col\rs1 & c sc>cely be consid]$ z a legitimate process1 al?\gh ! result 9 mod]n col\r$ et*+ is (t5 int]e/+1 & 9 "s in/ances ev5 admirable4 ,aquat9t 0 also employ$1 especially dur+ ! e>li] ye>s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 on a numb] ( fan leaves illu/rat+ ! ,p59sul> ,w>4 ,_m ( ^! 7 produc$ 9 ,london by ,behrmann & ,collman1 = ! ,spani% m>ket1 ) inscriptions 9 ,spani%4 ,portraits ( ! ,duke ( ,well+ton 7 also popul>4 ,aft] ! introduction ( li?ography _m fans 7 produc$ by means ( ?is process1 inv5t$ by ,aloys ,s5efeld] ( ,muni* ab\t #agih2 all li?ograph$ fans mu/ !re=e be ( a subsequ5t date to ?is4 ,?is process 0 employ$ z a gr\ndwork = subsequ5t pa9t+1 (t5 c>ri$ to a high pit* ( f9i%1 s mu* s1 t x is difficult = any b a practical eye to detect ! li?ographic f\ndation4 ,examples ( ^! fans1 :i* include a great v>iety ( subjects1 appe> 9 mo/ collections4 ,illu/ration3 ,,d\ble ,,hide ,,fan 7,tak5 f ! ,k+'s ,palace at ,b591 #ahig4 ,horniman ,museum1 ,=e/ ,hill47 ,li?ography has be5 employ$ dur+ ! :ole ( ! n9ete5? c5tury = ! decoration ( fans1 & is l>gely 9 use at ! pres5t "t4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,mod]n ,,& ,,pres5t-,,day ,,fans ,illu/ration ,we n[ ga!r toge!r ! v>i\s ?reads ( our subject at ! po9t :]e !y 7 left1 viz4 ! close ( ! ,empire4 ,we h f\nd t dur+ two c5turies & a half--f #afjj to #ahjj1 ) a little ov]lapp+ at ei!r end--! fan pass$ ?r\gh ! v>i\s /ages ( developm5t & decl9e2 t dur+ ! latt] ye>s ( ! sixte5? c5tury bo? ,italy & ,france1 b especially ! =m]1 produc$ objects :i* may be legitimately describ$ z f9e art2 t 9 ,france1 if we make all[ance =1 & accept a diff]5t /&>d ( ta/e & fa%ion1 ! mo/ exquisitely da9ty ?+s 7 produc$1 ! p]iod ( ,l\is ,,xv4 be+ t ( ! highe/ developm5t ( ! art1 ) a /eady decl9e f !nce onw>ds4 ,dur+ ! fir/ ?ree decades ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ! fan langui%$4 ,! /orm & upheaval ( ! ,revolution1 ! g5]al unre/ caus$ by ! ,napoleonic w>s1 7 among ! *ief contribut+ causes1 toge!r ) ! fact t ! great families _h fl$ f ,france1 tak+ _! fans ) !m4 ,= ! fir/ fifte5 ye>s ( ! c5tury1 !re is little to record except a diff]5ce ( proportion4 #8,t[>ds #ahjj1' to quote ,m4 ,rondot1 #8! br9s 7 only #f or #g c5timetres to ! gorge2 t[>ds #ahac ?is 0 increas$ to #h c5timetres1 & to #ai c5timetres 9 #ahda4' ,illu/ration3 ,w$d+ ,fan1 ! gift ( ,que5 ,victoria1 silk leaf4 ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess ,h5ry ( ,batt5b]g4 #8,:5 ! briss return$ into fav\r 9 #ahjd1' cont9ues ?is au?or1 #8! fan-mak]s employ$ lea!r1 silv]1 copp]1 asses' sk91 & c>dbo>d4 ,! blades 7 %ort1 & 7 made by ! cutt]s :o ornam5t$ !m2 ?is 0 also ! case ) ! fans ( horn :i* 7 fa%ionable t[>ds #ahbi-cj4' ,?ree examples are giv5 ( ! e>li] ye>s ( ! c5tury3 ! fir/1 f ! collection ( ,miss ,moss1 =m]ly belong$ to ,miss ,*>lotte ,yonge ! au?oress1 & is work$ ^u a f\ndation ( net1 ) cut & pi]c$ /eel decorations4 ,! pa9t$ subject 9 ! c5tre repres5ts a lady seat$ 9 a g>d51 & a boy ) hoop & dog2 ! /ick ( pi]c$ ivory piqu ) silv]4 ,an ,italian example almo/ id5tical ) ?is1 ) ! exception ( ! pa9t$ subject1 appe>s 9 ! ,museo ,civico1 ,v5ice4 ,! fan ( asses' sk91 f ! same collection1 is cut to a p]=at$ patt]n1 pa9t$ 9 ! c5tre ) a subject ( birds & fl[]s1 ! outside blades ( ivory1 ! :ole piqu ) silv]4 ,^! peau d'ne fans 7 us$ by lgantes at balls1 z tablets ^u :i* ! names ( p>tn]s = ! dance 7 inscrib$ by means ( a lead5 or silv] p5cil4 ,! col\r is a light slaty-grey2 _! size av]ag$ f #i to #aj in*es4 ,! fan :i*1 by ! c\rtesy ( ,mr4 ,leopold de ,ro?s*ild1 we are enabl$ to illu/rate1 is elaborately cut to f9e p]=ations1 & pa9t$ ) a l>ge m$allion 9 ! c5tre repres5t+ a music lesson1 a numb] ( small] m9iatures on ! blades1 ) gild+4 ,9 #ahbg ! fan 0 ! provocative cause ( ! conque/ ( ,alg]ia by ! ,fr5*4 ,a bl[ on ! head ( ! ,fr5* consul f ! plum$ fan ( ,husse9 ,dey result$ 9 an apology be+ dem&$ & refus$1 ) ! consequ5t decl>ation ( w>4 #8,9 ! c\rse ( ! ye> #ahbh1' says ,m4 ,uzanne1 #8at ! "t ( repres5tations ( a comic op]a entitl$ ,coris&re1 z ! heat 0 suffocat+1 ! y\?ful d&ies fa9t+ languidly 9 _! boxes1 x occurr$ to a ,p>is manufactur] to sell gre5 pap] fans to ! m51 & ! :ole !atre 0 !re=e furni%$ ) !m4 ,fa%ion adopt$ ?is innovation ( mascul9e fans1 :i* receiv$ ! "n ( ,coris&res1 b ?is orig9ality endur$ b a %ort "t 9 ,p>is1 z also 9 ,v5ice & ! pr9cipal cities 9 ,italy1 :]e m5 became famili> ) ! play ( ! fan2--! beaux abdicat$ ! sceptre ( ! woman1 & resum$ z be=e _! ,malacca canes4' ,an amus+ /ory is told ( a ne>-sight$ ,fr5* writ]1 :o1 on a sultry summ] ev5+ at ! ,opra1 0 mu* incommod$ by ! flip-flapp+ ( ! fans ( two p]sons :o sat imm$iately beh9d him4 ,turn+ to ! two del9qu5ts1 ,my de> ladies1' said he1 9 ! polite/ ( tones1 #8if y w k9dly mod]ate ! use ( y\r fans y w r5d] me ! happie/ ( m54' ,in/ead1 h[ev]1 ( ! dulcet tones ( a lady's voice1 a deep bass smote 8 e>1 & he f\nd himself confront$ ) ! black-be>d$1 furi\s1 & r$d5$ visages ( two lieut5ants ( ! ,gu>ds4 ,! am5de quickly foll[$4 ,x 0 ! circum/ance ( a gr& ball giv5 at ! ,tuil]ies 9 #ahbi t occasion$ ! r5aissance ( ! fan4 ,madame la ,du*esse de ,b]ri 0 organis+ a ,l\is ,,xv4 co/ume quadrille--fans ( ! p]iod 7 requir$ to complete ! t\t ensemble1 & none 7 available4 ,at l5g? "o ( ! gue/s recollect$ an old p>fumeur 9 ! ,rue ,caum>t91 nam$ ,vani]1 :o _h collect$ anci5t fans3 ^! 7 convey$ to ! palace1 :]e1 9 ! quadrille1 !y creat$ extraord9>y int]e/--7 eag]ly pur*as$1 & f ?is "t onw>d 9 ! mo/ exclusive circles1 9 spite ( ! fickl5ess ( t jade1 ,fa%ion1 ! fan has reta9$ its hold ^u ! affections ( ! fair4 ,! e>lie/ result ( ?is revival ( ta/e = old fans 01 p]haps naturally1 a g5]al imitation ( old models1 & lifeless reproductions ( ! fans ( ! ,l\is ,qu9ze p]iod 7 made4 ,illu/ration3 ,fan ( ,asses ,sk91 p]=at$ pa9t$1 silv] paillettes4 ,miss ,moss4 ,illu/ration3 ,miss ,*>lotte ,yonge's ,fan4 ,miss ,moss4 ,x w readily be p]ceiv$ t ?is way did n lead to arti/ic salvation--t x s]v$ no good purpose to op5 up ! graves ( a dead c5tury & to di/urb its poor gho/s4 ,x is true t ?+s 7 *ang+ = ! worse1 b !re is a heal?9ess 9 ! v act & _s ( *ange1 ev5 ?\gh t *ange %\ld repres5t a tempor>y decl9e4 ,?is is ! epo* ( :i* x w be said t m5 actually1 by "s my/]i\s means1 7 depriv$ ( :at may = pres5t purposes be call$ _! six? s5se1 :51 ?\gh _! eyelids 7 unclos$1 !y saw n1 or only 9 a p]v]t$ mann]2 x is1 nev]!less1 "o ( ! curiosities ( ?is mo/ s+ul> epo* t :ile ! g5]al level ( arti/ic atta9m5t 0 s l[1 its pictur$ %ad[s s d>k1 ! prevail+ gloom %\ld be illum9at$ "h & !re by lights m bright & int5se ?an 9 ! two prec$+ epo*s4 ,9 o!r words1 :ile we fail to trace ) any measure ( c]ta9ty any s+le in/ance1 dur+ ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies1 ( an arti/ ( ! fir/ calibre t\*+ ! fan1 dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! c5tury t succe$$1 ! fan may boa/ ( su* names z ,horace ,v]net1 ,+res1 ,isabey1 & o!rs only a little less di/+ui%$4 ,^! repres5t ! welcome oasis 9 ! dre>y des]t ( m$iocrity--! limpid spr+s at :i* f "t to "t we may pause = a few mom5ts to refre% ourselves4 ,( ! "w ( ^! fam\s pa9t]s1 an #8,arab dance' by ,horace ,v]net is record$2 z also #8,diana & ,endymion1' ! subject treat$ 9 ! ,etruscan /yle by ,+res1 :o con/antly 9 8 pictures introduc$ fans1 z witness ! portrait ( ,madame ,devauay1 ref]r$ to 9 an e>li] *apt]1 #8,! ,odalisque1' & #8,! ,h>em4' ,we h also1 lat]1 an #8,allegory ( ! ,arts' by ,rob]t ,fleury1 a #8,fte' by ,grome1 & fans by ,diaz1 ,vib]t1 ,lami1 ,glaize1 & ,jacquem>t4 #8,! revolution ( #ahdh1' says ,m4 ,rondot1 9 8 report on ! #ahea ,exhibition1 #8w\ld h cru%$ ! ,fr5* fan indu/ry if x _h n be5 = ! ord]s = exportation4 ,! production1 :i* 9 ,p>is am\nt$ to ! value ( ?ree million francs 9 #ahdg1 0 r$uc$ by half 9 ! disa/r\s ye> t foll[$2 ( #efe work]s ( bo? sexes #cae 7 ?r[n out ( employm5t4 ,at ! "t ( writ+' 7#ahed71 cont9ues ?is au?or1 #8! indu/ry 0 9 a v fl\ri%+ condition4' ,?is prosp]ity has be5 ma9ta9$ to ! pres5t day1 #8,p>is be+ /ill ! only city :]e a fan may comm& ! price ( a hundr$ p\nds4'#aff ,! numb] ( arti/s & work]s employ$ 9 ,p>is & ! ,oise1 says ,m4 ,duvell]oy 9 8 report on ! ,p>is ,exhibition ( #ahfg1 is #djjj2 ! annual value ( ! production be+ t5 million francs1 ( :i* ?ree-f\r?s is = ! =eign m>ket4 #8,p>is et la ,*9e ont seuls le monopole du comm]ce des v5tails1 mais c'e/ auj\rd'hui1 en ,europe1 une indu/rie t\te franaise1 p\r laquelle le monde enti] e/ notre tributaire4'#afg ,! evid5ce ( ?is exhibition1 fur!r affirms ?is au?or1 %[$ t ,france inconte/ably held ! fir/ rank4 #8,spa91 :o = ?irty ye>s _h tri$ to organise h] indu/ry1 has only arriv$ at ! production ( ! common] classes ( fans4 ,italy1 :o uses fans greatly1 does n make !m2 ,portugal be+ only ! ?ird 9 ! ,european m>ket4' ,! ,briti% record is correspond+ly poor4 #8,9 ! ,great ,exhibition ( #ahea1' says ,lady ,bri/ol1 #8!re 0 n "o s+le fan ( ,briti% manufacture exhibit$1'#afh & s f> z pa9t$ fans are conc]n$1 ! /atem5t made by ,r$grave 9 8 notes to ! ,catalogue ( ! ,fan ,exhibition at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahgj1 #8t !re 7 no ,engli% fanmak]s liv+ except ^? :o made *eap & co>se fans1 is sub/antially correct to-day4'#afi ,illu/ration3 ,empire ,fan1 ,ivory bris1 #aj0 x #e-g_/h04 ,mr ,leopold de ,ro?s*ild4 ,c4,v4,o4 ,illu/ration3 ,portuguese ,fan1 pa9t$ view1 lacqu]$ /ick1 c4#ahjj4 ,mr ,j4,h4 ,e!r+ton ,smi?4 ,! evid5ce ( ! fans !mselves be>s out ^! /atem5ts4 ,! in/ance may be cit$ ( an engrav$ fan 9 ! ,s*reib] collection 7,no4 #fi1 ,m\nt$ ,fans7 record+ ,mr4 ,alb]t ,smi?'s asc5t ( ,mont ,blanc 9 #ahea1 be>+ ! impr9t ( ! ,fr5* firm1 #8,l]\x et ,cie41 ,fan's ,manufactr41 #da rue ,notre ,dame de ,naz]e?1 ,p>is4' ,?is obvi\sly produc$ exclusively = ! ,briti% m>ket4 ,f ,g]many comes simil> evid5ce ( ,fr5* pre-em95ce2 ! w$d+ fan ( ! ,gr& ,du*ess ( ,bad51 exhibit$ at ,k>lsruhe 9 #ahia1 is sign$ by a ,fr5* arti/1 #8,a4 ,sold1 #ahee1' :o produc$ a numb] ( fans1 & is made by a well-kn[n ,fr5* mak]1 ,frdric ,mey] ( ,p>is4 ,?is is pa9t$ ) ! subject ( a sacrifice at ! ,alt> ( ,hym51 & portrait bu/s ( ! ,gr& ,duke & ,gr& ,du*ess1 ! initials ,f4 & ,l41 toge!r ) #8,cobl5tz1 #cj ,sept4 #ahee1' & is a typical fan ( ! mid-n9ete5? c5tury4 ,( ! "w ( ,sold1 a mo/ excell5t example1 ,le ,bal d',am\rs1 is giv51 graci\sly l5t by ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess ,l\ise1 ,du*ess ( ,argyll4 ,! leaf is sign$ on bo? obv]se & rev]se1 #8,a4 ,sold1' & inscrib$1 #8,gr& ,bal donn s\s le patronage de ,madame4' ,! "m-(-pe>l /ick f9ely pi]c$ & c>v$4 ,?is =m$ "p ( ! fam\s collection ( ,que5 ,victoria4 ,9 #ahei an ev5t occurr$ ( ! mo/ fateful int]e/ = ! fan1 ,m4 ,alphonse ,baude ( ,sa9te-,g5evive 7,oise7 hav+ inv5t$ 8 sy/em ( cutt+ & c>v+ ! /icks j\r by ma*9]y6 ,let u und]/& cle>ly :at ?is means to u4 ,nature1 ev] b\nte\s1 provides u gratis1 )\t any pat5t dues1 ) an in/rum5t--! human h&--! mo/ exquisitely delicate & complicat$ ma*9e kn[n to u2 ?is in/rum5t is direct$ by a =ce--! human m9d--/ill m subtle1 if possible1 9 ! delicacy ( its op]ations4 ,9 place ( ?is1 ,m4 ,alphonse ,baude1 9 8 wisdom1 (f]s u 8 conglom]ation ( :eels1 axles1 metal bolts1 & screws6 ,! intellig5t fan-lov] w !re=e note ?is date1 & c>efully exam9e any fan /icks made subsequ5t to x4 ,fans1 h[ev]1 h be5 made f "t to "t hav+ reasonable claims to ! possession ( arti/ic qualities4 ,m4 ,rondot m5tions a fan c>v$ 9 "m-(-pe>l & sign$ by ,camille ,roqueplan = ,duvell]oy1 t sold = #ajjj francs4 ,a ,dani% sculptor1 ,m4 ,s4 ,g4 ,s*w>tz ( ,cop5hag51 exhibit$ at ,p>is 9 #ahfg an ivory fan c>v$ ) reliefs ( ! ,seasons aft] ,?orwalds52 a mo/ beautiful "w4 ,ano!r bris fan1 f9ely pi]c$ & c>v$1 pres5t$ by ! ladies ( ,cop5hag5 to ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9cess ( ,wales 7,que5 ,alex&ra7 on ! occasion ( h] m>riage 9 #ahfc1 gives five circul> m$allions1 ! c5tre hav+ ! initials ,a4 ,a4 surm\nt$ by ! cr[n1 ! o!r f\r ( classical subjects4 ,und]nea?1 a processional gr\p ( ,apollo 9 8 *>iot1 ! ,graces & ! ,muses2 above1 a bord] ( ,cupids hold+ wrea?s ( fl[]s2 ! gu>ds ri*ly emboss$ 9 gold1 ) foliage1 fl[]s1 etc41 9 high relief4 ,! above in/ances1 z well z o!rs t might be nam$1 are exceptional2 !re c be no possibility ( d\bt t :ile ! leaves ( fans1 ^u occasion1 due to ! fact ( arti/s ( high calibre hav+ essay$ ! fan1 pres5t "s advance1 ! "w ( ! /ick1 dur+ ! :ole ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 exhibits a s]i\s fall+ (f f t ( ! prec$+ epo*s4 ,?is unsatisfactory /ate ( ?+s c only be rem$i$ by a g5]al advance 9 public ta/e1 by ! creation ( a dem& = ! high] class fans1 & by individual arti/s ( approv$ skill turn+ _! att5tion to ?is class ( "w4 ,dur+ ! latt] half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ?ree prom95t v5tailli/es ( ,p>is1 ,,mm4 ,duvell]oy1 ,alex&re1 & ,aloys van de ,voorde1 h made mo/ /r5u\s ef=ts to revive int]e/ 9 ! high] class ( fans1 & h exhibit$ "w by su* di/+ui%$ pa9t]s z ,gav>ni1 ,col91 ,hamon1 ,philippe1 ,r\sseau1 ,k>l ,mll]1 ,diaz1 ,eugne ,lami1 ,glaize1 ,compte-,calix1 ,c\ture1 ,corot1 ,watti]1 ,sold1 ,g>ni]1 ,mme de ,gir>d93 & su* well-kn[n sculptors z ,jean ,feu*re1 ,klagmann1 ,jacquem>t1 ,rie/]1 ! bro!rs ,fannire1 ,eugne ,b]g]1 ,ba/>d1 ,lanoy1 ,vaillant1 & o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,lace ,m\nt pres5t$ by ! ,e>l ( ,crewe to ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess ,m>y on h] m>riage4 ,y\ghal ,co-op]ative ,lace ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,an ,entomologi/ pa9t$ by ,j4,l4 ,hamon1 /ick by ,g4 ,remb]t4 ,! ,c\ntess ,granville4 ,( ! "w ( ,gav>ni we h un=tunately no example illu/rat$2 a fan by him appe>$ at ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 #ahgj1 exhibit$ by ! ,comtesse de ,nadaillac4 ,( o!r fans enliv5$ by 8 light & humor\s t\*1 two1 says ,blondel1 h become fam\s3 ! fir/ 0 commission$ by ,duvell]oy = ,que5 ,victoria3 ! second1 e/imat$ ( p]haps great] value1 =m$ "p ( ! ,empress ,eugnie's ri* collection4 ,mirec\rt1 9 8 biography ( ,gav>ni1 tells ! foll[+ anecdote4 ,^u an occasion ( ! cont5ts ( 8 f9e portfolios be+ prais$1 he cri$1 #8,allons donc6 9 draw+ ,i h nev] done b "o ?+ passable2 x is a fan = ! ,empress4' ,gav>ni visit$ ?is c\ntry 9 #ahdg1 b does n appe> to h recomm5d$ himself p]sonally to 8 ho/s4 ,he may be c\nt$ =tunate 9 ! fact ( 8 hav+1 9 spite ( a c]ta9 _s ( contradiction 9 8 "*1 impress$ ! value ( 8 "w ^u 8 fell[s dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,great m51 l angels1 b too (t5 come ^u u unaw>es1 & x is only ^u _! leave-tak+1 or aft]1 t we become s5sible ( ! loss ( a graci\s pres5ce4 ,! delicate & ref9$ art ( ,jean ,l\is ,hamon 0 especially suit$ to ! fan4 ,= a consid]able p]iod he 0 associat$ ) ! ,royal ,porcela9 works at ,svres1 produc+ a numb] ( designs ( t light fanciful "* ) :i* we are famili> 9 8 pa9t+s4 ,he cont9u$ ?is /yle ( composition1 says ,m4 ,wal!r ,fol1 b appli$ x to ! decoration ( fans1 9 :i* he excell$4 #8,9 e sov]eign c\rt !y 7 a covet$ possession1 & if he _h desir$ to supply all dem&s he c\ld h produc$ no?+ besides4' ,! subjects ( ^! delicate fancies 9 almo/ e in/ance h ref]5ce to love or m>riage4 ,!re 7 ,loves :o %ot arr[s transfix+ two he>ts at once2 !re 0 ,love ) outspread w+s1 seat$ ^u ! rais$ end ( a see-saw1 :ile ,hym51 cr[n$ ) fl[]s1 held him on high by 8 weight4 ,a dress fan made by ,alex&re1 & pa9t$ by ,hamon ) ! subject ( #8,an ,entomologi/1' & gr\ps ( fl[]s on ei!r side by a well-kn[n fl[] pa9t]1 0 pres5t$ to ! ,c\ntess ,granville by ! =eign commission]s ( ! ,univ]sal ,exhibition1 ,p>is1 ,octob] #bf1 #ahfg4 ,! /ick is ( ivory1 c>v$ by ,c4 ,ramb]t ) danc+ ,cupids & foliage1 enri*$ ) ormolu & jewell$ turquoise4 ,! gift 0 accompani$ by a graceful lett] f ,mr4 7aft]w>ds ,sir ,h5ry7 ,cole1 ! ,briti% ,commission]1 ref]r+ to ! fan z a "w ( f9e art by #8two di/+ui%$ ,fr5* pa9t]s & "o sculptor4' ,x is1 h[ev]1 m valuable z a s\v5ir ( an int]e/+ occasion1 & = ! beautiful c>v+ ( ! /ick1 ?an z a repres5tative example ( ,hamon's "w4 ,9 #ahfb1 ,j4 ,l4 ,hamon j\rney$ to ,rome1 :]e he pa9t$ #8,l',aurore1' exhibit$ 9 ,p>is 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 & pur*as$ by ! ,empress ,eugnie4 ,he di$ 9 #ahgd at ! e>ly age ( fifty-?ree4 ,watti] sign$ a numb] ( fans1 ( :i* an exce$+ly ri* example1 an elaborate composition ( nymphs & ,cupids1 is 9 ! possession ( ! ,c\ntess ,granville4 ,he 0 born at ,lille 9 #ahjj1 & di$ 9 #ahfh4 ,! fan leaf1 #8,le ,c]f de ,/4 ,hub]t1' by ,rosa ,bonheur 7born #ahbb1 di$ #ahig71 is dat$ #ahif1 & is consequ5tly "o ( ! late/ works ( ?is illu/ri\s pa9t]1 ^: fame has become univ]sal4 ,! leg5d ( ,/4 ,hub]t & 8 ,*ri/ vision1 an unusual subject ) mod]n arti/s1 ?\gh greatly fav\r$ by ! pa9t]s ( ! ,r5aissance1 engag$ ! att5tion ( ,rosa ,bonheur z e>ly z #ahfh1 :5 %e produc$ a crayon /udy1 simil> 9 treatm5t to ?is fan leaf1 ) ! /ag %[n a little m 9 p]spective1 illu/rat$ 9 ,rosa ,bonheur1 sa ,vie1 son uvre1 ,anna ,klumpke1 #aijh4 ,! /ag ( ! fan leaf1 rev]s$ h[ev]1 pres5ts _m simil>ities to ! fam\s picture #8,le ,roi de la ,=t1' pa9t$ 9 #ahgh1 ! same /udies probably be+ utilis$ = bo? works4 ,! leaf is ( silk1 ! pa9t+ 9 transp>5t pigm5t1 ) v little body col\r introduc$4 ,x appe>$ at ! ,franco-,briti% ,exhibition 9 #aijh1 & is 9 ! possession ( ,m4 ,georges ,can1 ,muse ,c>navalet1 ,p>is1 by ^: c\rtesy we are enabl$ to give ! illu/ration4 ,ano!r fan1 #8,trois ,va*]s1' is ref]r$ to 9 ! above-m5tion$ biography4 ,illu/ration3 ,le ,c]f de ,/ ,hub]t1 by ,rosa ,bonheur4 ,m4 ,georges ,can ,claudius ,popel9 is an arti/ ( ! ,napoleon ,,iii4 epo*1 :o1 9 addition to 8 "w 9 enamel1 produc$ a numb] ( fans1 examples ( :i* appe> 9 ! ,muse des ,arts ,dcoratifs1 ,p>is4 ,^! are mo/ly fl[]s & objects ( natural hi/ory1 drawn ) consid]able skill4 ,he 0 mu* befri5d$ by ! late ,pr9cess ,ma?ilde 7c\s9 ( ,napoleon ,,iii47 :o pres5t$ a fan ( h] own "w to ! ,empress ,eugnie4 ,9 ! same collection appe> two fans by ,*4 ,*apl91 ^: graceful "w 9 pa9t+ is well kn[n "h z on ! ,cont95t4 ,9 ! art libr>y1 ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 is a small collection ( designs = fans1 acquir$ f ! ,p>is ,exhibition ( #ahfg1 & typical ( ! "w done dur+ ! middle ( ! c5tury2 ! fans f ^! designs be+ made1 9 ea* in/ance1 by ,alex&re4 ,among/ ^! is a silk leaf repres5t+ ! f\r ages ( ,infancy1 ,y\?1 ,manhood1 & ,old ,age1 =m+ "o gr\p 9 a l>ge c>t\*e1 occupy+ ?ree-f\r?s ( ! entire space1 extremely ably pa9t$1 some:at recall+ ! /yle ( ! ,fr5* pa9t] ,fl&r92 ! col\r s*eme be+ a monotone ( mauve ) gold embelli%m5ts1 ! panel on a gre5 gr\nd ) lightly design$ ornam5ts1 sign$ ,f4 ,fossey1 ,,mdccclxiii4 ,a gr\p ( ,watteau figures danc+1 clev]ly t\*$ on a light buff silk m\nt1 & a %eph]d pip+1 ) %eph]dess & ,cupid1 a circle ( ,cupids hov]+ r\nd a tree1 also 9 ! ,watteau /yle1 are examples ( ! light] & da9ti] /yle ( m\nt affect$ by ! ,fr5* arti/s ( ?is epo*2 ! la/ nam$ sign$ by ,madame ,callamatta4 ,madame ,biss*op1 :o also has a da9ty t\*1 execut$ a numb] ( fans dur+ ! sixties & sev5ties1 includ+ ! silv]-w$d+ fan ( ,mr4 & ,lady ,*>lotte ,s*reib]4 ,?is sk9 m\nt1 n[ 9 ! ,s*reib] collection1 ,briti% ,museum1 ?\gh x c sc>cely lay claim to ! highe/ qualities1 is1 nev]!less1 *>m+ 9 idea & pretty 9 col\r2 x repres5ts a sylvan sc5e on ! bord]s ( a lake ^u :i* are two :ite swans1 a delicate allusion to ! bride & bridegroom4 ,9 ! c5tre1 und]nea? a tree1 is a ,cupid turn+ ov] ! pages ( a l>ge book1 inscrib$ #8,april #aj1 #ahhj1 ,,xxv4' ,! subject is enclos$ )9 a c>t\*e ( gold & fl[]s4 ,once aga91 ! ,royal ,fan1 9 its h\r ( ne$1 f9ds a fri5d 9 royalty1 on ?is occasion ! mo/ p[]ful mon>* 9 ,europe1 ,que5 ,victoria4 ,9 #ahgj1 ! p]iod ( p]haps ! l[e/ ebb ( ! fan's =tunes 9 ?is c\ntry1 at ! initiative ( ?is royal lady1 an exhibition 0 organis$ at ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum 7n[ ,victoria & ,alb]t71 :5 a prize ( #djj 0 (f]$ by ,h] ,maje/y1 & f\r hundr$ & ?irte5 examples f ! f9e/ collections bo? "h & abroad 7 %[n4 ,! great success ( ?is exhibition1 & ! absorb+ int]e/ display$ 9 x1 naturally l$ to ! organisation ( o!rs4 ,among ! measures adopt$ by ! ,wor%ipful ,company ( ,fanmak]s = ! purpose ( reviv+ :at 0 at "o "t #8a fl\ri%+ indu/ry 9 ?is anci5t city1' a competitive exhibition ( fans 0 held at ,drap]s' ,hall 9 #ahgh1 aga9 "u ! protect+ gis ( royalty 7,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess ,l\ise1 n[ ,du*ess ( ,argyll74 ,twelve hundr$ & eighty-f\r fans1 anci5t & mod]n1 7 exhibit$2 gold1 silv]1 & bronze m$als1 & money prizes am\nt+ 9 ! aggregate to #agb 7 aw>d$1 ! fre$om ( ! ,company be+ 9 mo/ in/ances grant$ to ! prize-w9n]s4 ,elev5 ye>s lat] 7#ahhi7 ?is exp]im5t 0 repeat$4 ,9 addition to prizes (f]$ by ! ,fanmak]s' ,company1 o!rs 7 (f]$ by private individuals & public newspap]s1 & "o hundr$ & six works 7 ent]$ = competition4 ,illu/ration3 ,fan m\nt by ,claudius ,popel94 ,muse des ,arts ,dcoratifs1 ,p>is4 ,! ,que5 newspap]1 ! donor ( "o ( ! prizes1 comm5t+ on ! exhibition1 held at ,drap]s' ,hall dur+ ! mon? ( ,may1 said3 #8,consid]$ z a :ole1 ! exhibition did n come up to our expectations4 ,! lib]al prizes (f]$ ought to h br\ght =w>d f9] & m orig9al "w 9 a bran* ( m9or art :i* is to be consid]$ z ! special prov9ce ( lady arti/s1#agj & pres5ts s _m opportunities = fanciful composition & ref9$ ta/e 9 arrang+ & gr\p+1' etc4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye>1 #ahij1 ! ,fanmak]s' ,company decid$ to hold _! ?ird competitive exhibition4 ,! ,daily ,graphic ( ,may #ag said3 #8,! exhibition ( fans organis$ la/ ye> by ! ,company ( ,fanmak]s gave s valuable an impetus to ,engli% trade 9 ?is direction1 t ! ,company v wisely & patriotically decid$ to hold ano!r ?is season4' ,on ?is occasion no less a sum ?an #bge 0 plac$ at ! disposal ( ! ,company1 to be di/ribut$ z prizes = fans & fan designs1 ! exclusive "w ( ,briti% subjects1 ! numb] ( exhibits rea*+ ! v respectable total ( six hundr$4 ,9 #ahia an important exhibition ( anci5t & mod]n fans 0 held at ,k>lsruhe1 "u ! patronage ( ! ,gr& ,duke & ,gr& ,du*ess ( ,bad51 a sumptu\s illu/rat$ record ( ! exhibition be+ issu$1 ! text writt5 by ,pr(essor ,m>c ,ros5b]g4 ,sixte5 prizes & =ty-?ree diplomas ( hon\r 7 (f]$ = competition1 9 :i* "s ( ! =emo/ cont95tal arti/s took "p4 ,( ^! ! di/+ui%$ ,au/rian pa9t] ,hans ,mak>t claims a lead+ place1 & may be includ$ 9 ! already long li/ ( arti/s ( ! =emo/ rank :o h giv5 _! att5tion to fan pa9t+4 ,a design 9 crayons & wat]-col\r by him appe>$ at ?is exhibition1 & is n[ 9 ! ,royal ,gall]y at ,b]l92 a *>m+ vision ( a procession ( *ildr5 cr[d+ ! :ole field ( ! fan1 sugge/+ ! impossibility ( hav+ too _m4 ,pr(essor ,eug5 ,klims* ( ,frankfurt1 ! w9n] ( "o ( ! prizes1 0 repres5t$ by #8,! ,dance1' a composition ( figures 9 ! /yle ( ,watteau1 a numb] ( ,cupids occupy+ ! c5tre ( ! fan1 :i* 0 pric$ at ! high figure ( #ejj4 ,pr(essor ,h]mann ,gtz1 director ( ! ,s*ool ( ,arts & ,crafts at ,k>lsruhe1 %[$ an excell5t classical composition on pap]1 ( ! *>iot ( an orb or planet4 ,pr(essor ,f]d9& ,kell]1 ( ,k>lsruhe1 exhibit$ an apo!osis ( ! ,emp]or ,william ,i41 an excell5t fan m\nt ( a pretty ,cupid on a cl\d1 ) a m$allion portrait ( ! ,empress & a l>ge eagle4 ,?is 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,ros5b]g1 :o also owns an extremely able composition ( a dance ( bac*antes by ,georg ,papp]itz4 ,!re 0 also a p[]ful pa9t+ ( ! ple9 air s*ool1 ( a pi] ) fi%+-boats1 #8,bewegte ,see1 ,s*wan5haut1' by ,pr(essor ,gu/av ,s*nleb]2 & an excell5t naturali/ic pa9t+ on silk ( p>rots1 p>oquets1 etc41 by ,max ,selig] ( ,b]l94 ,! above by no means exhau/s ! good ?+s ( ?is important exhibition1 9 :i* 0 repres5t$ practically e phase ( mod]n art1 & amply demon/rat$ ! fact t ! ,g]mans1 arti/s & public alike1 are mu* m alive to ! importance ( ! fan1 bo? z af=d+ an opportunity = arti/ic expression1 & z an accessory ( co/ume1 ?an we are 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,^u occasion1 ! fan has l$ to un=ese5 & undesir$ consequ5ces2 a /ory is told ( ! ecc5tric ,k+ ,ludwig ( ,bav>ia1 ! gallant & prodigal admir] ( ! danc] ,lola ,monts4 ,at "o ( ! balls ( 8 ,c\rt1 a fair pr9cess hav+ inadv]t5tly let h] fan fall to ! gr\nd1 ! mon>* ha/5$ to pick x up & to re/ore x to ! h&s ( ! giddy beauty1 :5 8 =ehead came 9 %>p contact ) t ( ano!r g5tleman1 no less desir\s ?an ! k+ ( pay+ homage to ! fair4 ,! %ock 0 s great & s viol5t t ,k+ ,ludwig1 /unn$ = ! mom5t1 soon aft]w>ds discov]$ gr[+ on 8 =ehead t enorm\s w51 s well kn[n1 & z celebrat$ z x 0 unlucky4#aga ,illu/ration3 ,autograph ,fan4 ,sir ,lawr5ce ,alma-,tadema4 ,o4,m41 ,r4,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,autograph ,fan ,japanese4 ,mr ,frank ,brangwyn ,a4,r4,a4 ,autograph & inscription fans1 :i* h1 dur+ ! la/ two or ?ree decades become popul> ) ! few =tunate ladies :o are happy 9 ! possession ( a circle ( arti/ic fri5ds1 are b a revival ( an old-_w fa%ion4 ,we h ref]r$1 e>ly 9 ?is "w1 to ! cu/om ( poetic inscription :i* prevail$ 9 ,*9a dur+ ! ,liang dyna/y1 & to ! love-sick lady ,pan1 ( ! ,han dyna/y1 :o adopt$ ?is by way ( giv+ expression to h] unrequit$ love4 ,m4 ,a*ille ,p\ssielgue1 ,voyage en ,*9e de ,m4 et ,mme ,b\rb\lon1 says3 #8,!re are fans ( two k9ds1 op5 & fold+4 ,! =m] are made ( a %eet ( ivory or pap]1 & are us$ z autograph albums2 & x is ^u ! surface ( ^! :ite fans t a ,*9aman begs 8 fri5d to leave a s5t5ce1 a draw+1 or "s *>act]s1 by way ( recall+ ! abs5t to 8 memory4 ,^! album fans1 to :i* great or not$ m5 affix _! seals1 become ( great value4' #8,9 ! romance1 ,p+-*an-l+ y51 a eunu* atta*$ to ! ,emp]or's h\sehold1 ,lie\ by "n1 begs ,*n-,tai1 ! noble daught] ( ,*n-hi5-j91 to hon\r him by writ+ on a fan ) h] own fair h&4 8,my sole desire10 he says1 8is to possess a fan ornam5t$ ) y\r v]ses40' ,"s ( ^! autograph fans f ! ,negroni collection 7 sold 9 ,london ab\t #ahff1 aft] ! ,*9ese w>1 & are said to h rea*$ ! extraord9>y figure ( #ijj apiece4 ,9 ,japan1 also1 a *>m+ device = ! ent]ta9m5t ( ! gue/s at arti/ic social ga!r+s consi/$ 9 ea* memb] ( ! company mak+ little sket*es expressive ( "s da9ty fancy1 or hi/oric incid5t1 on fans4 ,^! 7 pass$ r\nd1 ex*ang$1 & c>ri$ away z s\v5irs ( a fri5dly & int]e/+ occasion4 ,x 0 a happy inspiration ( ! late ,lady ,alma ,tadema to revive ! autograph fan 9 ! =m ( sign manuals ( fam\s arti/s & musicians4 ,! fan consi/s ( tw5ty-six blades ( pla9 wood on :i* appe> ! signatures ( su* fam\s pa9t]s z ,ba/i5-,lepage1 ,joseph ,israels1 ,du ,mauri]1 ,legros1 accompani$ 9 mo/ in/ances by *>act]i/ic sket*es2 & ( su* musical executants z ,*>les ,hall1 )1 9 sev]al in/ances1 ! addition ( a few b>s ( music4 ,! sket*es are dat$ #ahgi4 ,! fan ( ,mrs4 ,ar?ur ,lewis is a developm5t ( ! same idea4 ,?is has n9ete5 blades1 & ! space betwe5 ! r\nd$ edge & ! connect+ ribbon is utilis$ = sket*es by ,or*>dson1 ,col9 ,hunt]1 ,pettie1 ,millais1 ,leslie1 ,alma ,tadema1 ,du ,mauri]1 ,phil ,morris1 ,ansdell1 ,j4 ,c4 ,hook1 ,frank ,dicksee1 ,goodall1 ,h]kom]1 ,fildes1 ,m>ks1 ,b\ghton1 & ,adrian ,/okes4 ,! out] blades are ornam5t$ by arabesques enclos+ ! monogram ( ! own]1 a laurel wrea?1 & pa9t]'s palettes4 ,! dates record$ are #ahhj-hd4 ,! popul>ity on ! ,cont95t ( ?is =m ( autograph fan is evid5c$ by ! fact t ?ree examples 7 %[n at ,k>lsruhe 9 #ahia f ! collection ( ,h]r ,conrad ,dreh] ( ,muni*4 ,^! includ$ ! "w ( su* well-kn[n ,g]man arti/s z ,ern/ ,zimm]mann1 ,franz ,/uck1 ,l5ba*1 ,holmb]g1 ,l)1 ,diez1 ,h]mann ,kaulba*1 & o!rs4 ,at ,k>lsruhe1 also1 0 %[n an autograph fan belong+ to ! ,b>oness ,fri$]i*sy1 on :i* 7 ! signatures ( all ! diplomati/s :o att5d$ ! ,b]l9 ,congress4 ,c\ntess ,onola possesses a simil> fan1 ) ! autographs ( ! royal family & ! m di/+ui%$ p]sonages ( ! ,b]l9 ,c\rt1 includ+ ,pr9ce ,bism>ck & ,c\nt ,moltke4 ,mrs4 ,joa*im-,gibson has a #8,wagn]' fan1 ) pr9t$ portrait ( ! ma/]1 views ( ! ,wagn] !atre & ( ,bayreu?1 &1 on ! rev]se1 autographs ( fam\s ,wagn] s+]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,lace ,fan1 pres5t$ to ,h4,m4 ,que5 ,alex&ra = use on ,coronation day1 #aijb1 by ! ,wor%ipful ,company ( ,fan ,mak]s4 ,h] ,maje/y ! ,que54 ,among novelties or curiosities 9 fans is an example %[n at ! ,vi5na ,exhibition 9 #ahgc1 9 :i* ea* rib 0 a knife or a =k1 or a spoon1 or a comb1 or a pair ( scissors1 etc4 ,any s+le piece c\ld be remov$ = use )\t spoil+ ! t\t ensemble4 ,9 ! exhibition ( ! ,fanmak]s' ,company at ,drap]s' ,hall 9 #ahij1 a #8butt]fly fan' appe>$4 ,two l>ge gauze w+s1 speckl$ & ve9$ to imitate a gigantic insect1 =m ! fan1 ! body repres5t$ by ! h&le2 ^u press+ a button or spr+1 ! w+s are set 9 motion1 &1 by _! flutt]+1 fan ! be>]4 ,mrs4 ,k5dal1 ! fam\s actress1 is also cr$it$ ) a little surprise1 9 ! %ape ( a #8dress+-case fan4' ,?is is a fan & entire toilet-case 9 "o1 & af=ds its own] an opportunity ( beautify+ h]self on occasions :5 ! ord9>y means are unatta9able4 ,! /icks are ( silv]1 ! leaf ( black gauze1 ) a black velvet mask1 resembl+ ^? ! ,v5etians c>ry at ,c>nival "t1 set 9 ! c5tre4 ,beh9d ?is mask1 :i* p]mits ! own] to see ev]y?+1 may be c>ri$ on all ! toilet duties = :i* ! fan conta9s conv5i5ces4 ,^u turn+ back "o ( ! broad out] /icks1 a little mirror is reveal$1 & und]nea? ! o!r is a receptacle = hair-p9s1 scissors1 glove-hook1 etc4 ,at ! l[] end ( ! fan is a silv] box conta9+ a small p[d]-puff4 ,?is 0 adv]tis$ "s t5 or fifte5 ye>s ago z manufactur$ by ,messrs4 ,w4 ,?ornhill & ,co4 ,! employm5t ( ! o/ri* fea!r = ! fold+-fan has be5 reviv$ dur+ rec5t ye>s1 foll[+ an old] cu/om4 ,_m examples occurr+ 9 old engrav+s & pictures may be cit$2 among/ !m ! portrait gr\p ( ! family ( ,jan ,mi5se ,mol5a]1 by ,van ,loon1 previ\sly ref]r$ to1 9 :i* a lady holds a fold+-fan ( :ite o/ri* fea!rs4 7,see illu/ration1 p4 #aif47 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 & = a long subsequ5t p]iod1 ,v5ice cont9u$ to be ! pr9cipal emporium = supply+ o/ri* fea!rs to ,europe1 & 9 no c\ntry 7 !y m ext5sively us$ ?an 9 ,engl&4 ,at pres5t ,engl& is ! m>t ( ! _w = fea!rs2 =eign manufactur]s1 !re=e1 mu/ p]=ce come "h to make _! selections4 ,x is ?is latt] circum/ance1 d\btless1 toge!r ) ! univ]sal popul>ity ( ! fea!r itself1 :i* has occasion$ _! revival--"s ( ! h&some/ fans made at pres5t be+ ( t "*4 ,! /hetic value ( ^! fans1 = ! mo/ "p dep5ds1 no d\bt1 f consid]ations ( co/1 ^u ! beauty ( ! o/ri* fea!r itself1 ! /icks be+ g5]ally ( pla9 ivory1 tortoise-%ell1 horn1 or bone--?us ju/ify+ ! criticism pass$ ^u "o ( ! prize-w9n]s at a competitive exhibition at ,drap]s' ,hall1 t x 0 to ! o/ri* t ! prize ought really to g4 ,"u no circum/ances1 h[ev]1 c\ld ^! fold+-fans hope to vie ) ! magnific5t rigid fans ( ! ,elizabe?an era1 ! =m ( ^! h&les1 app>5tly1 (f]+ bett] opportunities to ! design] ?an d ! radiat+ /icks ( ! fold+-fan4 ,if we might h fea!rs set 9 h&les design$ 9 ! sumptu\s mann] ( ^! e>ly fans1 well & good2 if we c\ld h ! /icks ( ! fold+-fans m 9 keep+ ) ! sumptu\s nature ( ! fea!r1 well also1 ?\gh n q s good2 b ! ev]-pres5t "q ( co/ mu/ always rema9 a det]m9+ factor4 ,! fea!rs ( o!r birds h also be51 & are at pres5t1 employ$ = ! purposes ( ! fan2 9 ?is connection ! *>m+ ,*9ese fan at ,s\? ,k5s+ton ( ! fea!rs ( ! ,argus pheasant may be cit$4 7,illu/rat$ fac+ p4 #ei47 ,illu/ration3 ,woodcock ,fea!r ,fan compos$ ( #fbej fea!rs suppli$ by ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales4 ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9cess ( ,wales4 ,! sy/em ( appli$ fea!r-"w is ref]r$ to on a numb] ( occasions 9 ?is "w1 sev]al illu/rations be+ giv51 notably ! ,*9ese fea!r scre5s belong+ to ,mr4 ,crewdson1 & ! ,que5 ,anne scre5 ( ,mr4 ,messel4 ,! practice 0 common dur+ ! latt] half ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 us$ bo? = fans & o!r purposes1 & x 0 a fav\rite pa/ime ) ,mrs4 ,montague1 :o ref]s to x 9 "o ( h] lett]s1 dat$ #aghe3--#8;,i am oblig$ to y = y\r k9d att5tion to my fea!r-"w4 ,! neck & brea/ fea!rs ( ! /ubble goose are v useful1 & ,i wi% y\r cook w\ld save ^? ( ! ,mi*aelmas goose = u4 ,?+s homely & vulg> are sometimes m useful ?an ! elegant1 & ! fea!rs ( ! goose may be bett] adapt$ to "s occasions ?an ! plumes ( ! ,phnix4' ,?us ,c[p]1 ,on ,mrs4 ,montagu's ,fea!r ,hang+s3 #8,! ,birds put (f _! ev'ry hue1 ,to dress a room = ,montagu4' ,fa%ion has aga91 dur+ rec5t ye>s1 adopt$ ?is sy/em ( fea!r decoration = fans4 #8,! late/ craze ( ,vi5nese society1' says ! ,new ,york ,comm]cial1 ,novemb] #bc1 #ahij1 #8is a passion = fans ( m\nta9-cock fea!rs4 ,! la/ "q ! "y ,au/rian belle asks h] admir] be=e he goes on a hunt is1 8,won't y try1 please1 to bag me a f9e fan80 ,an ideal fan ( ?is k9d mu/ conta9 only fea!rs f birds br\ght d[n by ! mo/ exp]t %ots1 & e fea!r mu/ be ! lone repres5tative ( ! giv]'s skill2 consequ5tly1 su* a fan may record ! admiration & skill ( sixty or sev5ty hunt]s4 ,x is n unusual to h cut 9 ! ribs ( ! fans a brief acc\nt ( ! circum/ances "u :i* ! birds 7 %ot4 ,! ,g]man ,empress is said to h express$ a wi% la/ summ] = su* a fan1 & ev] s9ce t "t ! "y bloods ( ! ,au/rian ,c\rt1 :o h already bagg$ fans = _! own wom51 h be5 %oot+ "r & left = ! ,empress's sake4 ,! h&le ( ! fan1 n[ be+ complet$ 9 ,vi5na1 w be set ) jewels 9 ! ,prussian col\rs4' ,a m unique example ( ! spoils ( sport is ! fan :i*1 by ! graci\sness ( ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9cess ( ,wales1 we are enabl$ to illu/rate "h4 ,9 ?is1 ! blades are ( r$ tortoise-%ell1 tw5ty 9 numb]4 ,! fea!r portion is compos$ ( a s]ies ( t9y fea!rs f ! w+ ( ! woodcock4 ,^!1 #febj 9 numb]1 7 suppli$ by ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales f ! w+s ( #cbfj woodcocks1 !re be+ "o only ( ^! m9iature fea!rs 9 ea* w+ ( ! bird4 ,ea* s+le fea!r is fix$ ) two /it*es ( ?read & work$ ^u a l95 base1 ! back be+ =m$ ( ! ord9>y fea!rs f ! brea/ & w+s4 ,! fan 0 comm5c$ on ! #ah? ,augu/ #aijj1 & only complet$ on ! #bh? ,octob] #aija4 ,! lady :o work$ x 0 unable to apply h]self = m ?an an h\r or s at a "t1 ! "w be+ s excessively f9e & t$i\s4 ,! manufacture ( ! fan 0 entru/$ to ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,cl>k1 ( #cc ,new ,bond ,/reet1#agb ! "w be+ c>ri$ out "u 8 direction1 &1 we believe1 on a pr9ciple ( 8 own4 ,m4 d\>d ,moreau sign$ a numb] ( fans f #ahfj onw>ds1 *>act]is$ by a *>m+ delicacy ( execution & elaboration ( detail4 ,a repres5tative example is giv51 :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,int]national ,exhibition ( #ahfb1 & 0 pur*as$ = ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,?is1 an ivory bris1 is pa9t$ ) ?ree m$allions ( #8,! ,t\rnam5t1' #8,be=e ! ,t\rnam5t1' & #8,aft] ! ,t\rnam5t4' ,! fan 0 made by ,alex&re1 & be>s v fav\rable comp>ison ) ! be/ "w ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 7,fac+ p4 #hg47 ,a fan1 also manufactur$ by ,alex&re & pa9t$ by ,moreau1 0 exhibit$ 9 #ahgj by ,madame ,maurice ,ri*>d 7au ,m9i/re des ,beaux-,arts1 ,p>is74 ,! vellum m\nt has = c5tre a m$allion1 ) ! initials #8,h4 ,r4' 7,hlne ,ri*>d7 surm\nt$ by two doves4 ,on ei!r side are m$allions ) figures emblematic ( ,sculpture & ,music1 ,poetry & ,pa9t+1 pa9t$ en camaeu on a gold gr\nd by ,moreau4 ,on ! rev]se1 9 a m$allion1 ! ,g5ius ( ! ,arts aw>d+ wrea?s to ,sculpture1 ,ar*itecture1 ,pa9t+1 ,music1 & ,poetry4 ,! ivory /ick1 c>v$ & pi]c$ 9 ! /yle ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 is also pa9t$ by ,moreau1 ) m$allions ( s]aphs play+ musical in/rum5ts1 & support+ emblems ( ! arts !y repres5t2 ! gu>ds be>+ ! initials #8,h4 ,r4' 9 gold4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,meet4 by ,*>les ,detaille4 ,m4 ,j4 ,duvell]oy4 ,_m fans be>+ ,moreau's signature h m\nts ( lace1 ! ivory /ick be+ m9utely pa9t$ ) m$allions ( figure subjects ne> ! h&le end1 usually ?ree subjects enclos$ 9 an ornam5tal sett+4 ,an excell5t example is giv5 f ! collection at ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum4 ,m4 ,duvell]oy 7( ,reg5t ,/reet7 also has a fan arrang$ on simil> l9es2 ano!r1 9 ! possession ( ,mr4 ,g4 ,j4 ,ros5b]g1 0 exhibit$ at ,k>lsruhe 9 #ahia1 bo? ! la/ nam$ be+ made by ,alex&re4 ,?is leads u to ! important subject ( lace m\nts4 ,! use ( ?is delicate mat]ial = ! fan1 especially suit$ by its lightness & da9t9ess1 has be5 reviv$ dur+ rec5t ye>s4 ,a lace fan hav+ 9 ! c5tre ! ^w #8,el5a1' surm\nt$ by a royal cr[n1 0 made at ,burano & pres5t$ to ,que5 ,el5a ( ,italy on h] m>riage 9 #ahif4 ,9 ,devon%ire1 also1 lace m\nts h be5 made2 9 ! ,p>is ,exhibition ( #aijj appe>$ a fan ) a coat ( arms 9 ! c5tre1 9 :i* ,miss ,trevelyan adapt$ an ,italian design to ! old ,honiton /it*es1 illu/rat$ by ,mrs4 ,bury ,pallis] 9 h] "w on ,lace4 ,fans h be51 & are1 a feature ( ! ,y\ghal lace indu/ry1 e/abli%$ by ! si/]hood ( ! ,pres5tation ,conv5t1 c\nty ,cork1 ! olde/ ( ! _m t h sprung up "u ! fo/]+ c>e ( ! ,iri% nuns1 & dat+ back to ! d>k times ( #ahdg1 :5 fam9e decimat$ ! rural population ( ! s\? & we/ ( ,irel&4 ,! designs are 9 ea* in/ance furni%$ by ! si/]s1 :o are qualifi$ "u ! ,bo>d ( ,education4 ,! ,iri% flat ne$le-po9t ( ,y\ghal1 ?\gh d\btless d]iv$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance f =eign s\rces1 may be said to h develop$ into a purely native art1 capable ( well hold+ its own aga9/ any contempor>y =eign "w4 ,fan leaves h be5 work$ = _m highly plac$ p]sonages2 ! example illu/rat$ 0 pres5t$ by ! ,e>l ( ,crewe to ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9cess ,m>y on h] m>riage1 & is1 p]haps1 "o ( ! mo/ successful 9 po9t ( design & ri*ness ( effect4 ,a w$d+ gift to ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9cess ,maud ( ,wales has = c5tre ! initial ,m4 surm\nt$ by a cr[n4 ,a beautiful example1 ( ! f9e/ workman%ip1 0 pres5t$ to ,h4,m4 ,que5 ,alex&ra on ! occasion ( h] fir/ visit to ,irel& aft] ! ,coronation1 9 #aijc1 & has = c5tre ! ,iri% h>p1 ) ! appropriate inscription 9 ,celtic half uncials1 on a ribbon runn+ ov] ! :ole field ( ! fan3 #8,i cool1 ,i refre%1 & ,i c keep secrets4' ,ano!r fan 0 pres5t$ to ,h4,r4,h4 ! ,pr9cess ,m>g>et ( ,connaught z a w$d+ gift1 & obta9$ a prize at an exhibition 9 ,dubl9 9 #ahig4 ,! numb] ( m$als aw>d$ by ! v>i\s int]national & o!r exhibitions te/ify to ! univ]sal appreciation ( ?is delicate indu/ry1 :i* has = "s ye>s pa/1 ) ! full cons5t ( ! nuns1 be5 =m$ into a co-op]ative society1 ?us enabl+ ! work]s to p>ticipate fully 9 ! pr(its accru+ to ! association4 ,! ?read is a l95 "o ( v>i\s degrees ( f95ess1 f ! /rong ,no4 #a to ! almo/ invisible ,no4 #djj1 & ?\gh s delicately wr\ght1 x we>s bett] ?an mo/ o!r laces1 & c be clean$ repeat$ly )\t suff]+ injury 9 texture or appe>ance4#agc ,illu/ration3 ,lace ,fan1 by ,alex&re1 /ick ivory1 c>v$ by ,brisev91 pa9t$ by ,moreau4 ,victoria ,alb]t ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,lace ,fan1 work$ by ,mdme ,m9ne ,dausa]t1 /ick ivory1 f9ely c>v$ ) cupids c4 ,m4 ,j4 ,duvell]oy4 ,we are enabl$1 by ! graci\s p]mission ( ,h] ,maje/y1 to illu/rate ! lace fan pres5t$ by ! ,wor%ipful ,company ( ,fan-mak]s to ,que5 ,alex&ra = use on ,coronation ,day1 #aijb4 ,?is be>s two cross$ ,a's surm\nt$ by ! royal cr[n4 ,on ! pana*es ! royal monogram aga9 appe>s surm\nt$ by ! cr[n4 ,lace may be said to be ! "o s+le indu/ry rema9+ comp>atively un9flu5c$ by ! mod]n art movem5t1 :i* is pr(ess$ly a return to ! indep5d5t /udy ( natural =ms4 ,we say comp>atively un9flu5c$1 s9ce mo/ praisewor?y1 &1 inde$1 successful attempts h be5 made bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & abroad to pr(it by ! abundant ornam5tal sugge/ion :i* ,nature ev]y:]e (f]s u4 ,! beautiful lace fan contribut$ by ,m4 ,duvell]oy sugge/s almo/ inf9ite possibilities 9 ! treatm5t ( ?is *>m+ mat]ial2 x is design$ on a conv5tion ess5tially mod]n2 x is ! art ( to-day1 ( ! pres5t mom5t1 ow+ practically no?+ to ! pa/1 & repres5t+ t revolt aga9/ tradition1 :i*1 = good or = ill1 has come to be "o ( ! mo/ significant features ( mod]n art4 ,nor is ?is ! only in/ance t might be cit$4 ,excell5t designs = lace m\nts1 bas$ ^u natural =ms1 h f "t to "t be5 made 9 our s*ools2 9 ?is connection may be m5tion$ ! "w ( ,miss ,lydia ,hammett1 ( ! ,taunton ,s*ool ( ,art1 :o has produc$ *>m+ fan m\nts 9 ,brussels & o!r lace 9 :i* bird & plant life are happily treat$1 & ) a prop] & due s5se ( ! limitations impos$ by ! mat]ial4 ,miss ,l4 ,oldroyd1 also1 has work$ a numb] ( *>m+ lace m\nts1 includ+ "o = a fan pres5t$ to ,que5 ,victoria by ! ,wor%ipful ,company ( ,fanmak]s on ! occasion ( ! diamond jubilee4 ,on ! ,cont95t1 among "s ( ! mo/ admirably retic5t "w1 a treatm5t m frankly unusual has be5 adopt$1 n )\t successful results4 ,9 ! article on #8,d] ,mod]ne ,f*]1' 9 ! ,kun/gew]be-blatt = ,septemb] #aijd1 ,frau ,m4 ,erl] gives sev]al admirable examples f ,vi5na & else:]e1 toge!r ) illu/rations ( h] own "w1 consi/+ ( a happy arrangem5t ( appliqu embroid]y & network or gauze ins]tion1 extremely effective1 & los+ none ( its value f ! fact ( its hav+ be5 obta9$ by simple means4 ,we h fe/oons ( fl[]s embroid]$ on a light gr\nd ( gauze1 ) ornam5tal spaces ( network ins]tion2 we h ! m\nta9-a% arrang$ symmetrically1 ! leaves pa9t$ r$ ) embroid]$ outl9e2 ! #8hone/y' treat$ z a broad bord]1 ! outl9e embroid]$2 ! rose treat$ z an all-ov] patt]n1 ! gr\ndwork 9 artfully alt]nat$ lace & net4 ,at ! "t ( writ+1 ! news ( ,*>les ,cond]'s dea? rea*es u4 ,he 0 a man ( s+ul> gifts1 a mod]n ( ! mod]ns1 ^: "w1 ?\gh d\btless d]iv$ f t ( a pa/ age1 w\ld h be5 impossible at any o!r epo* ?an our own4 ,:at ,cond] und\bt$ly possess$1 & 9 a v high degree1 0 t subtle quality :i* = lack ( a bett] ^w we call /yle1 a quality n easy ( def9ition1 b readily felt4 ,x w\ld be difficult to say :at /yle is1 x is f> easi] to say :at x is n2 x is n = example1 design2 a man may possess consid]able p[] ( design )\t mu* p]ception ( /yle2 x is n a s5se ( proportion1 al?\gh ?is comes ne>] ! m>k2 x is n orig9ality ei!r1 s9ce a man may be v orig9al inde$1 & only prove himself ridicul\s2 x is r1 a happy bl5d+ ( ^! sev]al elem5ts1 & "s o!rs also4 ,to ?is great gift ( nature1 s9ce ?is quality 9 its highe/ =m _c be acquir$1 ,cond] add$ practically no?+4 ,x is ) a feel+ ak9 to res5tm5t t we f9d faculties s exce$+ly r>e & s preci\s1 alli$ to su* a lam5table lack ( tra9+ & art education4 ,x is inde$ possible t1 if 8 life _h be5 prolong$1 ^! %ortcom+s w\ld h be5 suppli$1 z ,burne-,jones taught himself ! human figure aft] he became fam\s2 b1 aft] all1 criticism is p]haps some:at ungraci\s :]e !re is s mu* t is admirable1 & ! utility ( speculations z to ! #8might h be5s' is extremely que/ionable4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,r$ ,fan4 ,conv]sations ,galantes1 pa9t$ on silk by ,*>les ,cond]4 ,mr4 ,john ,lane4 ,! numb] ( ,cond] fans exi/+ 9 v>i\s collections mu/ be consid]able4 ,mr4 ,lane has a doz51 or possibly m1 ( :i* p]haps ! f9e/ is reproduc$ "h4 ,silk is ! mat]ial employ$1 to :i* 8 me?od is especially suit$4 ,!y appe> to h be5 m\nt$ only 9 v r>e in/ances1 & are g5]ally fram$ = purposes ( decoration4 ,!re is no reason :y !y %\ld n be us$--9 fact1 !re is e reason :y !y %\ld1 s9ce suitability to a prescrib$ purpose is "o ( ! v fir/ canons ( good art4 ,mrs4 ,lane has a blue fan1 m\nt$1 & 9 use4 ,! "w ( ,frank ,cond] is obvi\sly f\nd$ on t ( ,*>les1 ) :i* x pres5ts _m features 9 common4 ,among ! sev]al fans by ?is arti/ illu/rat$ 9 ! w9t] numb] ( ! ,/udio1 t repres5t+ two "y girls hold+ masks1 ) ,cupids1 & 9 ! backgr\nd a riv] & bridge1 is p]haps ! mo/ individual4 ,! _m admir]s ( ,mr4 ,brangwyn's "w1 & !y are legion1 w d\btless welcome ! two *>act]i/ic examples giv5 ( fans by 8 h&4 ,9 bo? in/ances1 ! col\r s*eme is a play ^u blue1 some:at simil> to1 & at ! same "t1 necess>ily1 va/ly diff]5t f1 ! r$ fan ( ,mr4 ,cond]4 ,! motto ( ,danton ! ,republican--#8de l'audace1 et encore de l'audace1 et t\j\rs de l'audace1' #8to d>e1 & aga9 to d>e1 & always & ev]more to d>e1' w\ld seem to be peculi>ly fitt+ to ! "w ( ,mr4 ,brangwyn4 ,9 ! h&s ( a less gift$ arti/ ?is w\ld probably mean disa/]2 9 ! in/ance ( ! orig9al ( ! col\r$ illu/ration1 a bold g\a*e on silk1 ! result is "o ( almo/ ov]p[]+ brilliance4 ,! half-tone illu/ration repres5ts a sket* on grey pap]1 & mu/ be consid]$ m]ely z ! fir/ idea ( a fan1 to be mat]ially modifi$ 9 ! work+ out4 ,mr4 ,brangwyn has1 among 8 multif>i\s activities1 f\nd "t to produce q a numb] ( fans & designs = fans1 :i* h f\nd _! way into v>i\s h&s4 ,9 ! ,/udio w9t] numb] = #aija-b appe>$ a col\r$ illu/ration--a ri* composition ( "y girls ga!r+ roses--also pa9t$ on silk4 ,9 ! article on #8,d] ,mod]ne ,f*]1' 9 ,kun/gew]be-blatt = ,septemb] #aijd1 by ,frau ,m>g>et ,erl] ( ,b]l91 previ\sly allud$ to1 appe>$ ! fir/ sket* = ?is ,/udio fan1 vigor\sly drawn 9 *alk4 ,x is impossible at ! pres5t /age ( a c>e] hav+ 9 ! natural ord] ( ?+s s mu* be=e x1 & 9 ! face ( su* sup]abundant en]gy1 to =m any def9ite idea ( ! ultimate outcome ( ,mr4 ,brangwyn's art2 ( 8 pres5t accompli%m5t1 8 et*$ "w1 :i* ranks among/ ! mo/ rem>kable produc$ dur+ rec5t p]iods1 seems likely1 9 ! op9ion ( ! pres5t writ]1 to e>n = him ! mo/ endur+ fame4 ,if we might conceive et*$ or engrav$ fans becom+ aga9 popul> 9 ! tw5tie?1 z !y 7 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 x might be an int]e/+ speculation z to h[ ,mr4 ,brangwyn w\ld treat an et*$ fan4 ,! mat]ial ( z9c1 :i* he s mu* affects1 & 9 :i* he has discov]$ su* great possibilities1 w\ld1 d\btless1 be unsuitable = su* a delicate object2 nev]!less1 we c imag9e "s rapid & *>act]i/ic note on copp]1 ! pr9t fur!r enliv5$ "h & !re by a t\* ( col\r1 z a suitable ?+ to be flutt]$ 9 ! h& ( ! fair4 ,su* "w w\ld provide1 9 ^! days ( lack ( patronage1 o!r arti/s also ) a means ( augm5t+ _! too (t51 x is to be fe>$1 b sl5d] incomes1 s9ce !re w\ld be an additional inc5tive to pur*ase a pr9t t might be appli$ to a def9ite purpose1 or made ! occasion ( "s graceful (f]+4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,granville ,fell1 ^: ,c\rt ( ,love1 a composition 9 ! %ape ( a rev]s$ he>t1 ) ,cupid en?ron$ 9 ! c5tre1 0 illu/rat$ 9 ! ,/udio w9t] numb] above ref]r$ to1 is ano!r in/ance ( an ,engli% pres5t-day arti/ :o has essay$ fan pa9t+ or design+4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,blue ,fan1 silk1 by ,frank ,brangwyn1 ,a4,r4,a4 by p]mission ( ! ,arti/4 ,miss ,jessie ,k+1 ^: *>m+ly orig9al /yle is admirably suit$ to ! fan1 0 also repres5t$ 9 ! same publication4 ,! beautiful fan graci\sly l5t = reproduction by ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess ,h5ry ( ,batt5b]g1 ! w$d+ gift ( ,que5 ,victoria1 is entirely ( ,engli% workman%ip1 design$ & pa9t$ by a lady /ud5t ( ! ,tra9+ ,s*ool at ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 #8,:at /yle ( ornam5t is mo/ suitable = ! fan8' asks ,*>les ,blanc1 :o draws att5tion to ! fact ( ! pleats break+ up or di/ort+ ! design or picture4 ,our au?or sugge/s z a possible way out ( ?is difficulty #8t ea* pleat or fold %\ld h a sep>ate subject1 or1 at lea/1 t ! subject be s arrang$ t ! pleats h relation to ea* o!r1 z1 a ,watteau h>lequ9 kiss+ 8 h& to a columb9e1 a ,le&] qu>rell+ ) ,isabelle1 ^! be+ plac$ on blades t 9 refold+ w\ld reunite ! lov]s & reconcile ! disputants4 ,b to develop a graceful subject on a s]ies ( project+ & retreat+ angles1 all m or less acute1 w\ld be a wa/e ( lab\r4 ,is x n bett] to use 9 ^! cases a diff]5t or a radiat+ ornam5t8 ,is x n bett] to scatt] ov] a fan a *>m+ly discordant arrangem5t ( pictures & col\rs1 or ev5 to place isolat$ subjects betwe5 ! folds1 9 ord] t elegant wom51 9 manipulat+ _! fans1 may h tw5ty opportunities ( %[+ 9 ea* fancy gr\p ! arti/'s tal5t1 & at ! same "t1 ( display+ "s special *>m ( _! own--a pretty h&1 a well-turn$ arm1 or beautiful eyes8'#agd ,our au?or has drawn att5tion1 9 8 light & *>m+ way1 to a difficulty :i* is practically insup]able2 !re is no?+ new 9 ?is sugge/ion ( decorat+ ea* pleat ) a sep>ate subject1 or ( a consecutive s]ies ( subjects4 ,_m in/ances ( its application might be cit$2 "s are giv5 9 ?is "w1 notably ! ,italian fan ( mica1 9 :i* subdivision is c>ri$ to its utmo/ limit4 ,b we mu/ n take our au?or too s]i\sly1 & al?\gh 8 sugge/$ fan1 if c>ri$ out1 w\ld be a mo/ exquisite exp]i5ce1 especially if drawn ) ! p[] ( a ,gav>ni1 or design$ ) ! skill ( a ,samb\rne or a ,c>an d',a*e1 ! opportunity af=d$ to ! pa9t] by ! full space ( ! m\nt f> outweighs any slight di/urbance ( ! design caus$ by ! pleat+2 moreov]1 is x n a fact t silk1 ! mat]ial mo/ fav\r$ by mod]n arti/s1 :i*1 :5 prep>$ ) rice size & /ret*$1 (f]s z suitable a mat]ial z c\ld be desir$ = ! free play ( ! bru%1 op5s out to practically a flat surface8 ,george ,augu/us ,sala has ref]r$ to ! fan pa9t$ by ,sir ,mat!w ,digby ,wyatt ) ! subject ( ! #8,triumph ( ,love1' z m>k+ ! p]iod ( ! ,engli% revival ( fan pa9t+1 & z a /rik+ exemplification ( ! folly ( assum+ t a great arti/ d]ogates f ! dignity ( 8 call+ by pa9t+ fans4 ,he may /oop1 inde$1 says ?is au?or felicit\sly1 b x w be to conqu]6 ,our task is at l5g? complet$2 we h endeav\r$ to trace to its s\rce 9 ! dimme/ pa/ ! *equ]$ hi/ory ( ?is little toy1 once ! pride & ! glory ( k+s1 & n[ ! play?+ ( que5s4 ,we tru/ we h %[n t1 9 ! words ( ,sir ,george ,birdwood1 !re is p]haps m 9 a fan ?an 0 dreamt ( 9 ,johnson's matt]-(-fact def9ition3--#8,an in/rum5t us$ by ladies to move ! air & cool !mselves4' ,:at1 !n1 ( ! future8 ,may we reasonably look =w>d 9 ?is tw5tie? c5tury = a r5aissance ( ! fan2 = a re-atta9m5t1 if n ( its pa/ spiritual significance1 at lea/ ( some?+ ( its arti/ic possibilities8 ,illu/ration3 ,sket* ,design = ,fan1 by ,frank ,brangwyn1 ,a4,r4,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,g>l& ( ,*ildr51 by ,g4 ,woolliscr(t ,rhead4 ,! future is full ( hope2 we h turn$ our backs ^u ! bad old n9ete5? c5tury1 ) its manifold outrages ^u ! /hetic s5se2 ! f\ndations1 at any rate1 ( a liv+ art h begun to be laid--7 begun1 z a matt] ( fact1 by ?is same n9ete5? c5tury1 foll[+ t /range natural ord] ( ! outcome ( good f evil & ! app>5t insep>ability ( bo?2 a new ,phnix has aris5 out ( ! a%es ( ! old2 a new era has come1 %[+ ev]y:]e signs ( a reviv$ arti/ic life1 ) pl5ty ( capable heads to inv5t & will+ h&s to c>ry out4 ,mesdames1 x is ) y\r *>m+ selves t ! issue re/s4 ,y h b to utt] ! ^w & y\r sceptre %all aga9 become a wond] ( wrea!d beauty & wov5 grace1 rivall+ 9 its blossom+ ! gold5-fl[]$ sceptres ( eld6#age ,illu/ration3 ,,f ,a ,,*9ese ,,lacqu]$ ,,scre54 7,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum47 ,,footnotes3 #a ,gay1 ,! ,fan4 #b ,adv5tures ( ,h>ry ,ri*mond 7! italics are ours74 #c ,tatl]1 ,no4 #eb1 ,aug4 #i1 #agji4 #d ,goldoni 9 8 ,mmoires gives an acc\nt ( #8,! ,fan4' ,x 0 writt5 & fir/ br\ght out 9 ,p>is1 & soon became univ]sally popul>1 especially 9 ,v5ice4--,hel5 ,zimm]n1 ,ma/]pieces ( ,=eign ,au?ors4 #e ,m4 ,a4 ,flory1 ,a ,book ab\t ,fans4 #f ,lett] ( ,mrs4 ,scott1 #agfa1 to h] si/]-9-law1 ,mrs4 ,rob9son4--,dr4 ,doran1 ,a ,lady ( ! ,la/ ,c5tury 7,mrs4 ,elizabe? ,montagu74 #g ,9 an engrav+ ( an ,engli% ,noblewoman by ,gasp> ,rutz1 #aeha1 a long-h&l$ fea!r-fan appe>s4 #h ,! fan "h ref]r$ to 0 *iefly us$ inside ! ,c\rts z punkah1 to create a little circulation ( ! air1 & to dissipate ! horrible od\rs = :i* ^! places 7 notori\s4 #i ,?is ass]tion t ! h&les ( fans 7 occasionally employ$ 9 ! ca/igation ( refractory *ildr5 is borne out by ! droll /ory ( ,sir ,?omas ,m puni%+ 8 daught]s ) a fan ( peacock's fea!rs = ! (f5ce ( runn+ him into debt ) ! mill9]4 #aj ,lay>d1 ,n9eveh4 #aa ,wilk9son1 ,mann]s & ,cu/oms ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians4 #ab ,?us ,agamemnon 9 ,troilus & ,cressida1 ,act ,i4 ,sc5e iii43 #89 ! w9d & tempe/ ( h] fr[n1 ,di/9ction1 ) a broad & p[]ful fan1 ,puff+ at all1 w9n[s ! light away2 ,& :at ha? mass1 or matt]1 by itself ,lies1 ri* 9 virtue1 & unm+l$4' #ac ,9 a pa9t+ :i* repres5ts a sacrifice to ,isis1 ,ant4 di ,ercolano1 ii4 #fj1 a prie/ is se5 fann+ ! fire ^u ! alt> ) a triangul> flabellum1 su* z is /ill us$ 9 ,italy4 7,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ,greek & ,roman ,antiquities47 #ad ,sir ,george ,birdwood1 ,society ( ,arts1 #aijc4 #ae ,george ,rawl9son1 ,five ,great ,mon>*ies ( ! ,anci5t ,_w4 #af ,rawl9son4 #ag #b ,k+s i4 #b1 #c1 #f1 #af4 #ah ,pausanias1 ,fraz]1 vol4 iii1 #eeh4 #ai #8,! fly-:isk 9 ! picture is introduc$ because flies 7 held to be creatures ( ,beel-zebub1 ! god ( flies1 & !re=e to be driv5 away4' 7,lett] ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,holman ,hunt to ! au?or47 #bj ,national ,encyclopdia4 #ba ,lay>d1 ,n9eveh4 #bb ,*amb]s's ,diction>y ( ,arts & ,sci5ces4 #bc ,see page #aji4 #bd ,d5nis1 ,cities & ,cemet]ies ( ,etruria4 #be ,revue de l',art ,*rti51 #ahhc #bf ,9 a wall-pa9t+ ( a sacrifice1 ,rome 7,vatican71 giv5 by ,george ,buss1 ,d] ,f*]1 a circul> fan-tablet is se54 #bg ,?is also is ! numb] l9+ ! %$ 9 :i* ! ,k+ ( ,dahomey holds 8 ,c\rt1 ! out] ones1 :ite1 ^? 9 ! c5tre1 m>k+ ! spot occupi$ by 8 ,maje/y1 display+ ! brighte/ hues4 #bh ,c4 ,f4 ,gordon-,cumm+1 #8,pagodas1 ,aureoles1 & ,umbrellas1' ,engli% ,illu/rat$ ,magaz9e1 #ahhh4 #bi ,9 ! ,ay9 ,akb>i1 or ,in/itutes ( ! ,emp]or ,akb>1 by ,abdul ,fazl1 ,akb>'s great m9i/]1 ! foll[+ enum]ation is giv5 ( ! ensigns ( /ate #8:i* wise mon>*s consid] z m>ks ( div9e fav\r'3-- ,! ,aurung or ?rone1 ! ,*uttur or umbrella1 ! ,sayiban or sun-fan1 & ! ,k[kebah or />s 9 gold & o!r metals :i* are hung up 9 front ( ! palace2 & ^! f\r ensigns are us$ only by k+s4 ,! ,alum1 ! ,*utt]t[k1 & ! ,tem5t[k1 all v>ieties ( /&>ds ( ! highe/ dignity1 appropriat$ solely by ! k+ & 8 milit>y (fic]s ( ! highe/ rank4--,birdwood1 ,indu/rial ,arts ( ,india4 #cj ,hon4 ,wilbraham ,eg]ton1 ,h&book ( ,indian ,arms4 #ca ,coom>asw>my1 ,m$ival ,s9halese ,art4 #cb ,h9du ,!atre4 #cc ,9 ! pa9t+ suppos$ to repres5t an ,irnian ,embassy ( ,khosru ,,ii4 ( ,p]sia to ,puliksi ,,ii41 bo? flag-fan1 long-h&l$ pankh1 & fly-flap appe>4 #cd ,! ,too? relic ( ,buddha1 br\ght by a ,brahman pr9cess f ,kl+a 9 ,a4,d4 #cac1 & s9ce r5d]$ ! highe/ hon\rs4 #ce ,&]son1 ,b4,m4 ,catalogue1 p4 #bba4 #cf ,9 ! romance ( ,amadis ( ,gaul x w be rememb]$ t ,appolidon ga!r$ up ! sup]b purple & gold fea!rs ( ! ,phnix :i* _h rema9$ long en\gh 9 ! isl& to *ange its plumage1 to make a fan ornam5t$ ) a diamond & c>buncle1 z a pres5t f ,amadis to ,oriane on arriv+ at ! isl&4 #cg ,m4 ,rondot quotes a passage f a native au?ority /at+ t ! ,*9ese g5]al1 ,t*\-ko-liang1 comm&$ 8 ?ree army corps hold+ a fan ( :ite plumes4 #ch ,g4 ,dum\ti]1 ,les ,symboles1 les ,emblmes et les ,accessoires du culte *ez les ,annamites1 pp4 #aaf-ah4 #ci ,h4 ,a4 ,giles1 ,/range ,/ories f a ,*9ese ,/udio1 p4 #fd1 note #ac4 #dj ,! traditional acc\nt is "h giv5--"s explanation ( ! abs5ce ( def9ite dates may be f\nd 9 ! hypo!sis t !re 7 always fold+-fans--t ! device ( pleat+ a piece ( pap] or o!r mat]ial is s simple t x might occur to ! y\nge/ *ild4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,nature h]self inv5t$ ! fold$ fan1 z %e may be said to sugge/ e inv5tion4 ,! palmetto leaf 9 its undevelop$ %ape is pleat$ & pack$ z neatly & completely z any fold+-fan ev] made4 #da ,?is circum/ance ( ! introduction ( a new fa%ion by c\rtesans f9ds a curi\s p>allel 9 ,europe4 ,/['s ,*ronicle1 ,h[es's edit41 #afcb1 says3 #8,wom5s ,maskes1 ,buskes1 ,muffes1 ,fanns1 ,p]ewigs1 & ,bodk9s 7 fir/ devis$ 7sic7 & us$ 9 ,italy by ,curtezans1 & !re receiv$ ( ! be/ sort = gallant ornam5ts1 & f !nce !y came to ,engl&1 ab\t ! "t ( ! massacre ( ,p>is4' #db ,s4 ,w4 ,bu%ell1 ,*9ese ,art4 #dc ,h] ,imp]ial ,maje/y's collection ( fans has = "s "t be5 disp]s$4 #dd ,abel ,rmusat1 ,mlanges po/humes d'hi/oire et de littrature1 quot$ by ,g4 ,a%d[n ,audsley4 #de ,h4 ,a4 ,giles1 #8,*9ese ,fans1' ,fras]'s ,magaz9e1 ,may #ahgi4 #df ,kaname1 ! rock :i* holds ! e>? toge!r & keeps x quiet1 means ! rivet ( a fan4 ,! great e>?quake fi% ,namazu has ! ,giant ,ka%ima = keep]1 :o 0 *>g$ to subdue ! ea/]n "p ( ! _w1 & accompli%$ ?is feat by runn+ 8 sword ?r\gh ! e>?4 ,9 "t ! sword h>d5$ into /one & 0 nam$ ,kaname 7rivet74 ,:5 ,namazu becomes too viol5t & %akes ! e>?1 ,ka%ima jumps ^u him ) ! rock ,kaname4 #dg #8,^u a male *ild be+ pres5t$ at 8 bir? to ! temple ( 8 fa!r's p>ticul> deity1 he receives1 among/ o!r gifts1 two fans1 :ile a girl receives a cake ( pomade1 :i* br+s good looks4' #dh ,h5ri ,l4 ,joly1 ,leg5d 9 ,japanese ,art4 #di ,josiah ,cond]1 ,japanese ,co/ume4 #ej ,mrs4 ,salwey1 ,fans ( ,japan4 #ea ,&]son1 ,briti% ,museum ,catalogue ( ,japanese ,pa9t+s4 #eb ,*apt] ,,xi4 page #bhe4 #ec ,beautiful writ+ is highly priz$ bo? 9 ,*9a & ,japan4 ,caligraphy1 says ,mr4 ,s4 ,w4 ,bu%ell 7,*9ese ,art1 p4 #ca71 is a bran* ( ! f9e arts 9 ,*9a1 & ! p5man :o c write elegantly 9 sweep+ l9es ) a fl[+ bru% is rank$ above ! arti/4 #ed ,9 ?is process ( metal inlay1 ! gr\nd is brok5 up by means ( an engrav]'s tool1 ! patt]n =m$ ( silv] wire1 hamm]$ 94 #ee ,! wid[ ( ,atsumori :o 0 kill$ 9 ! fight "h ref]r$ to1 9 #aahd1 is cr$it$ ) ! inv5tion ( ! fold+-fan1 al?\gh dates are some:at confus+4 ,at ! temple ( ,mieido 9 ,kyoto1 :i!r %e _h retir$ to hide h] grief "u ! g>b ( a nun1 %e cur$ ! abbot ( a fev] by fann+ him ) a pap] fold+-fan ov] :i* %e mutt]$ incantations3 & to ?is day ! prie/s ( ! temple are consid]$ special adepts 9 ! manufacture ( fans2 h5ce ! "n ,mieido is adopt$ by _m fan %ops all ov] ! isl&s4 7,basil ,*amb]la91 ,?+s ,japanese47 #ef ,! fan 0 us$ z cre/ by _m ,japanese families4 ,a numb] ( examples are giv5 9 ,mrs4 ,salwey's ,fans ( ,japan4 #eg ,h5ri ,l4 ,joly1 ,leg5d 9 ,japanese ,art4 #eh ,mrs4 ,salwey1 ,fans ( ,japan4 #ei ,ode f ! ,manyo%91 translat$ by ,basil ,*amb]la94 #fj ,transactions ( ! ,japan ,society1 vol4 v4 ,pap] by ,mrs4 ,salwey on ,pa/imes & ,amusem5ts ( ! ,japanese4 #fa ,9 ! ,muse ,guimet1 ,p>is1 is a tea-s]vice1 f9e 9 execution1 sign$ #8,kawamoto ,hans\ke1' an arti/ ( ! prov9ce ( ,ow>i1 ! sauc]s be+ %ap$ l fans4 ,9 ! same collection is a l>ge plate1 f\rte5 in*es 9 its longe/ dim5sion1 %ap$ l a fold+-fan4 #fb ,francis ,p>kman1 ,la ,salle & ! ,discov]y ( ! ,great ,we/4 #fc ,miss ,k+sley ref]s to _! use at ,egaja1 #8= ! purpose ( battl+ ) ! ev5+ cl\d ( s&-flies4' #fd ,9 ! liturgy ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 aft] ! ,b5$ictus--#8,supra sancta v5tilet rev]5t] flabello4 ,si desit flabellum1 velo idem prae/at4' 7,div9a ,missa ,s4 ,joan4 ,*ryso/omi1 ,go>4 ,rituale ,graecorum4 p4 #gf47 #fe ,smi?1 ,diction>y ( ,*ri/ian ,antiquities4 #ff #8,a4,d4 #abad1 ,ornam5ta ,ecclesie ,s>um1 inv5ta 9 ,!saur>ia4 ij4 flabella de s]ico et p]gam5o4' #fg ,dugdale1 ,hi/ory ( ,/4 ,paul's4 #fh #8,manubrium flabelli arg5tum deauratum1 ex dono ,joh4 ,newton1 !saur>ii1 cum ymag9e ,episcopi 9 f9e enamelyd1 pond4 v4 unc4' #fi ,regi/rum ,r(f4 p4 #eed4 #gj ,j\rnal ( ! ,ar*ological ,association1 vol4 xxvi4 #ga ,ar*ological ,j\rnal1 vol4 v4 #gb ,pauli ,paci&i de ,umbellae ,ge/atione ,comm5t>ius1 ,romae1 #ageb1 p4 lxiii4 #gc #8,b yet ,i h !m 9 great rev]5ce ,& hon\r1 sav+ !m f fil? & ordure ,by (t5 brus%yng & mo*e dylyg5ce4' #gd ,memorials ( ,london & ,london ,life 9 ! ,?irte5?1 ,f\rte5?1 & ,fifte5? ,c5turies1 by ,h5ry ,?omas ,riley4 #ge ,revue de l',art ,*rti51 #ahhc4 ,les ,disques crucifres1 le ,flabellum1 et l'umbella4 #gf ,h>l4 ,,mss4 #cfja1 ! date #abie-f1 edit$ by ,j4 ,w4 ,cl>k4 #gg ,un esm\*ior de drap d'or1 a fleur-de-lys1 esc>tel des armes de ,france et de ,nav>re a un ba/on d'yvoire et de ge/e1 pris v ,francs d'or4--,du ,cange4 #gh ,viollet-le-,duc4 #gi ,blondel4 #hj ,h5ry ,f4 ,holt1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,ar*ological ,association1 vol4 xxvi4 7#ahgj74 #ha ,elle donna la reyne ,l\ise de ,lorra9e une fois p\r ses e/re9es ung esv5tail faict de nacre de p]les1 enri*y de pi]r]ies et grosses p]les1 si beau et si ri*e1 qu'on disoit e/re un *ef d'uvre1 et l'e/imoit on plus de qu9ze c5s escus4--,pi]re de ,b\rdeilles1 ,seigneur de ,brantme1 ,mmoires des dames illu/res de ,france4 #hb ,sir ,john ,cullam1 ,b>t41 ,hi/ory ( ,haw/$4 #hc ,dr4 ,birdwood1 ,report on ,old ,records 9 ! ,india ,(fice1 #ahih4 #hd ,sir ,john ,francis ,davis1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,! ,*9ese4 #he ,fans ( ! ,anci5ts1 p4 #bg4 #hf ,a4 ,c4 ,fox-,davies1 ,complete ,guide to ,h]aldry4 #hg ,ibid4 #hh ,omnium p5e ,europae1 ,asiae1 ,aphricae1 atque ,am]icae ,g5tium habitus4 ,antw]p1 #aeha4 #hi ,x is extremely improbable t ?is fan leaf _h ev] any connection ) ! /ory giv5 above4 ,x probably belongs to ! latt] ye>s ( ! sev5te5?1 or ! e>ly ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 #ij ,m4 d\>d ,petit has writt5 an exhau/ive monograph on ! manufacture ( fans1 tudes1 s\v5irs et considrations sur la fabrication de l'v5tail4 ,v]sailles1 #ahei4 #ia ,art & ,ornam5t 9 ,dress4 #ib ,fans ( sc5t$ wood _h1 e>li]1 be5 introduc$ into ! ,fr5* ,c\rt by ,anne ( ,au/ria4 #ic ,s4 ,r$grave1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,catalogue ( ,fan ,exhibition1 #ahgj4 #id ,"o ( ! mo/ pot5t e>li] influ5ces on ,spani% pa9t+ 0 t ( ,titian1 :o1 al?\gh probably nev] 9 ,spa91 pa9t$ a numb] ( pictures = ! ,escurial4 #ie #8,!y all love ! fea/s ( bulls1 & /rive to appe> glori\sly f9e :5 !y see !m4'--,memoirs ( ,lady ,fan%awe4 #if ,procs ,v]baux1 ,april #bf1 #agfb1 ,jan4 #agfe4 ,lady ,dilke1 ,fr5* ,pa9t]s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 p4 #ab4 #ig ,walt] ,?ornbury1 ,leg5d>y ,ballads & ,songs4 #ih ,qui e/oit un montagne de *aux vive sur laquelle les g\ttes d'eau du ciel tumboi5t foison et disoi5t les mots tels en lat93 #8,ardorem ext9cta te/antur viv]e flamma4' #ii ,des v5tails et p5na*es rompus des c>quans briss et ses pi]r]ies et p]les esp&ues p> t]re les *aisnes t\tes en pieces6 #ajj ,deux ,dialogues du n\veau ,langage ,franois1 #aegh4 #aja ,il toit d'un vl9 aussi dlicatem5t dc\p qu'il toit possible avec la d5telle l'ent\r de p>eille t(fe4 #ajb ,!re are in/ances 9 :i* ?is ord] is rev]s$1 ! leaf hav+ be5 pres]v$ & m\nt$ on m mod]n /icks4 #ajc ,ribbons con/antly appe> on ! fans depict$ 9 ,bosse's engrav+s1 ei!r at ! side1 half-way up ! pana*e1 or at ! rivet4 #ajd ,! well-kn[n /ory ( ! portrait ( ,*ri/9a1 pa9t$ by ,mi*ael ,dahl1 may be giv54 ,"o day1 :ile ! ,que5 0 sitt+ to him1 %e ask$ him :at he int5d$ to put 9 h] h&4 #8,a fan1 please y\r ,maje/y4' #8,a fan6' exclaim$ ,*ri/9a1 />t+ up ) a trem5d\s oa?4 #8,a fan6--,a lion1 man1 is fitt] = ! ,que5 ( ,sw$54' ,! ,ord] ( ! ,fan 0 in/itut$ lat] by ,l\isa ,ulrica1 9 #agdd1 = ! ladies ( ! ,sw$i% c\rt1 9 :i* ! /]n] sex 0 aft]w>ds includ$4 #aje ,lett] #dia1 #h ,mai #afgf4 #ajf ,le ,brun 0 appo9t$ #8premi] pe9tre' 9 #affb1 ) twelve ?\s& francs a ye>4 #ajg 444 #8,c\rant de belle en belle1 ,s\s des lambris dors et ,v]nis p> ,m>t94' #ajh #8,les cab9ets o ,m>t9 ,a surpass l'art de la ,*9e4'--,,voltaire4 #aji ,paul ,mantz1 ,gazette des ,beaux-,arts1 vol4 ,,xx4 #aaj ,translation by ,h5ry ,smi? ,wright1 ,b4,a4 #aaa #8,pant9s ,m*anique1' a p]=m+ figure work$ by a /r+1 mu* 9 vogue at ?is p]iod4 ,see ,engrav$ ,fans ( ! ,sev5te5? & ,eighte5? ,c5turies1 "p i4 page #bbf4 #aab ,h5ri ,b\*ot1 #8,hi/ory on ,fans' 7,art & ,lett]s1 vol4 ii474 #aac ,a congratulatory address on ?is occasion 0 (f]$ to ! ,que5 by ! m>ket-wom5 ( ,p>is1 writt5 by ,m4 de la ,h>pe on ! inside ( ! fan ( ! spokeswoman1 to :i* %e repeat$ly ref]r$ )\t ! lea/ emb>rassm5t4--,h5ry ,f4 ,holt1 ,j\rnal ( ! ,ar*ological ,association1 vol4 xxvi4 #aad ,see ,engrav$ ,fans ( ! ,sev5te5? & ,eighte5? ,c5turies1 page #bbg4 #aae ,m5agiana4 #aaf ,pope _h1 ne>ly a c5tury e>li]1 made allusion to ! discont9uance ( ! fa%ion3 #8,! mode/ fan 0 lift$ up no m1 ,& virg9s smil$ at :at !y blu%$ be=e4' #aag ,/eev5s4 #aah ,see ,italian fans1 p4 #aji4 #aai ,agnes ,/rickl&1 ,lives ( ! ,que5s ( ,engl&4 ,9 mo/ ( ! e>ly engrav$ portraits ( ,ca!r9e ( ,braganza1 ! ,que5 is repres5t$ ) a fold+-fan1 9 ea* in/ance clos$2 9 "o in/ance1 t ( an eque/rian portrait1 a l>ge fan is depict$4 #abj ,9 ,campbell's ,london ,tradesman1 #agdg1 x is record$ t #8! ,italian m\nts are mu* m 9 reque/ ?an any?+ ( our own manufacture1 & l>ge prices are giv5 = !m4' #aba ,h4 ,m4 ,baird1 ,! ,hugu5ots & ! ,revocation ( ! ,edict ( ,nantes4 #abb ,! ,fanmak]s' ,company1 creat$ by ,*>t] 9 #agji1 = ne>ly #ajj ye>s protect$ & regulat$ ! trade1 until ! r$uction ( protective duties on =eign fans annihilat$ ! ,engli% trade4 7,notes by ,colonel ,sewell 7,fanmak]s' ,company71 ,s*reib] ,,ms41 ,briti% ,museum47 #abc ,spectator1 ,no4 #bif4 #abd ,tatl]1 ,decemb] #bi1 #agji4 ,lett] ,no4 #aac4 ,john ,hughes4 #abe ,spectator1 ,no4 #ajb4 #abf ,e4 ,j4 ,clim5son1 ,elisabe? ,montagu1 ,que5 ( ! ,blue-/ock+s4 #abg ,! fan ( ,pope's epigram 0 probably ,italian4 ,see page #agi4 #abh #8,please notice ,no4 #aaj1 :i* r po9ts to "o ( y\r fans n be+ by ,b>tolozzi4 ,p]haps ! 8,lady ( ,quality0 0 ,lady ,duncannon4'--,lett] by ,mr4 ,lionel ,cu/ to ,lady ,*>lotte ,s*reib]4 ,s*reib] ,,mss41 ,briti% ,museum4 #abi ,s*reib] ,,mss41 ,briti% ,museum4 ,extracts1 p4 #ajj4 #acj ,j\rnal ( ! ,ar*ological ,association1 vol4 xxvi41 #ahgj4 #aca ,see ,meaume1 ,re*]*es sur la vie et les ouvrages de ,jacques ,callot1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bhg4 #acb ,art & ,lett]s1 ,jan4 #ahhh4 #acc ,honor de ,balzac 7,sur ,ca!r9e de ,mdicis74 #acd ,9 ,fr5* salons1 ab\t ! ye> #agbh1 ! fa%ion prevail$ ( #8,les ,pant9s ,m*aniques1' t e "o c>ri$ & work$ by ! aid ( /r+s :ile *att+ ( "o ?+ & ano!r4 ,lacroix1 ,,xviii ,sicle1 ,france1 #agjj-hg1 p4 #ejg4 ,f #agdh to #agej x 0 9 high vogue among ! beau monde z a div]t+ play?+ = g5tlem5 & ladies4 ,wright1 ,c>icature ,hi/ory ( ! ,georges1 note1 p4 #bea4 #ace ,! subject ( ,am]ica is return$ to lat]1 :5 9 ! #8,george ,wa%+ton' fan we h 9 ! c5tre a portrait ( ,wa%+ton1 &1 rang$ on ei!r side1 portraits ( ! succe$+ t5 presid5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is1 a li?ograph1 ) pa9t$ decorations 9 silv]1 be>+ ! inscription1 #8,vagneur-,dupr4 ,no4 #ecj4 ,li?4 de ,lem]ci]4' #acf ,sev]al v]sions ( ! above subject appe>3 #a4 ,k+ seat$ "u canopy1 ?ree notables & ?ree ecclesia/ics on ei!r side1 ,m4 ,calonne read+ spee*1 #b4 ,k+ & 8 two bro!rs "u canopy1 f\r nobles & f\r ecclesia/ics on ei!r side4 #c4 ,a mu* m elaborate p]=mance1 k+ & two royal pr9ces "u canopy2 f\r nobles & six ecclesia/ics1 ,m4 ,calonne1 & cl]k at table2 a c\rti] on ea* side ( ! composition4 #acg ,dictionnaire des ,hommes ,m>quans1 ii4 p4 #eai1 quot$ by ,c>lyle4 #ach ,ri*>d ,hea?1 #8,politics 9 ,dress1' ,woman's ,_w1 ,june #ahhi4 #aci ,9 ! ,muse du ,l\vre is a rem>kable draw+ ( ! great ar*1 ) a va/ conc\rse ( p1 by ,jean ,l\is ,prieur1 illu/rat$ 9 ,lady ,dilke's "w1 ,fr5* ,engrav]s & ,draughtsm5 ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 #adj ,c>lyle4 #ada ,c>lyle4 #adb ,h5ri ,b\*ot1 ,hi/ory on ,fans4 #adc ,see page #afd4 #add ,ri*>d ,hea?1 #8,politics 9 ,dress1' ,woman's ,_w1 ,june #ahhi4 #ade ,h5ri ,b\*ot4 #adf ,h5ri ,b\*ot4 #adg ,( ! two hundr$ engrav+s deposit$ 9 ! ,biblio?que ,nationale 9 ?is ye> 7#agif7 a hundr$ & f\rte5 7 fan-designs mo/ly 9 praise ( ,napoleon4 7,h5ri ,b\*ot1 ,hi/ory on ,fans47 #adh ,*audet 0 a sculptor :o made ! fir/ /atue ( ,napoleon 9 8 milit>y dress1 t on ! ,v5dme ,column4 ,fonta9e & ,p]si] 7 ar*itects to ! ,tuil]ies4 #adi ,"l ,/anhope1 allud+ to ! m$als prematurely /ruck 9 hon\r ( ,admiral ,v]non's victories at ,portobello & ,c>?ag5a1 says3 #8,p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable ( all ^! mdailles prmatures is t /ruck by ,napoleon = 8 int5d$ conque/ ( ,engl&2 8 head on ! "o side2 on ! o!r1 ,h]cules /ruggl+ ) a mon/]2 ! words 8,desc5te en ,anglet]re02 & b5ea?1 8,frapp ,londres1 ,,mdccciv40'--,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 *ap4 xxii4 #aej ,encyclopdia ,britannica4 #aea ,a company obta9$ a concession ratifi$ #ae? ,april #ahgg4 ,! ,m>itime ,canal ,company 0 organis$ ,may #ahii1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> a con/ruction company 0 incorporat$4 ,! "q :e!r ! canal w\ld be con/ruct$ by ?is r\te or on ! ,panama r\te 0 /ill undecid$ 9 ,septemb] #aijb4--;,encyclopdia ,britannica4 #aeb #8,hog>?1' says ,walpole1 #8resembles ,butl]2 b 8 subjects are m univ]sal1 & amid/ all 8 pleasantry1 he obs]ves ! true end ( com$y--re=mation4 ,!re is always a moral to 8 pictures4' #aec ,a synopsis ( ,engli% ,hi/ory1 giv5 on a fan1 publi%$ #agic by ,i4 ,cock & ,j4 ,p4 ,cr[d]1 concludes by say+3 #8,we may ) pleasure add t "o ( ! ,pr9ces1 ,8 ,maje/y's #b;d son1 ! ,duke ( ,york1 has lately ga9$ hon\r = ! ,engli% ,nation by ! em95t di/9ction ( ! ,briti% ,troops "u 8 comm& be=e ,val5ci5nes1 9 ! humanity !y jo9$ to _! val\r4 ,vive1 ,vive le ,roi6' #aed ,m4 ,gamble _h adv]tis$ 9 ! ,craftsman dur+ ! ye> #agcc #8,! ,*ur* ( ,engl& ,fan2 be+ an explanation ( ! ,ox=d ,almanac = ! ye> #agcc1 on :i* ! sev]al *>act]s are curi\sly done1 9 v>i\s beautiful col\rs4 ,price #bs4 ,likewise a new ,edition ( ! 8,h>lot's ,progress 9 ,fans10 ) pr9ts ( all ! ?ree sorts fit to ,frame4 ,sold at ! ,gold5 ,fann 9 ,/4 ,m>t9's ,c\rt1 ne> ,leice/] ,fields4' #aee ,9 ,boswell's ,johnson are ref]5ces to ,osborne--to ! pur*ase ( ! ,h>leian ,libr>y & ! publication ( ! ,catalogue1 & to ! p]sonal *a/isem5t :i* ,johnson inflict$ on him3--#8,x has be5 confid5tly relat$1 ) _m embelli%m5ts1 t ,johnson "o day knock$ ,osborne d[n 9 8 %op1 ) a folio1 & put 8 foot ^u 8 neck4 ,! simple tru? ,i _h f ,johnson himself3 8,sir1 he 0 imp]t95t to me & ,i beat him4 ,b x 0 n 9 8 %op2 x 0 9 my own *amb]40' ,9 ,johnson's ,life ( ,pope1 ,osborne is ?us ref]r$ to3--#8,pope 0 ignorant en\gh ( 8 own int]e/ to make ano!r *ange1 & introduc$ ,osborne cont5d+ = ! prize among ! booksell]s4' 7,dunciad1 ii4 p4 #afg47 #8,osborne 0 a man entirely de/itute ( %ame1 )\t s5se ( any disgrace b t ( pov]ty4' 7,johnson's ,works1 viii4 p4 #cjb47 #aef ,?is latt] is a device by :i* ! second dim5sion ( ! /ick 7! gorge7 is made to slide up into ! %\ld]1 ! m\nt be+ d\ble & loose1 s z to all[ ( pass+ up & d[n ! /ick4 ,by ?is means1 an ord9>y siz$ fan ( #aj-c_/d ins4 is r$uc$ to #f-c_/d4 ,mr4 ,crewdson has an example1 ) pap] m\nt pa9t$ ) figures v>i\sly occupi$1 z a soldi] dr9k+ at a t5t1 a travell+ #8,pun*1' etc4 ,! /ick ivory1 c>v$1 pa9t$ & gilt4 #aeg #8,! ,fair 0 grant$ by ,h5ry ,i4 to "o ,rah]e1 a witty & pleasant g5tleman ( 8 ,c\rt1 9 aid1 & = ! support (1 an ,hospital1 ,priory1 & ,*ur*1 d$icat$ to ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 :i* he built 9 rep5tance ( 8 =m] pr(ligacy & folly4 ,! succe$+ ,priors claim$ by c]ta9 ,*>t]s to h a ,fair e ye>1 viz4 on ! ,eve1 ,day1 & ! ,morr[ ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew4' #aeh ,! ,beau always c>ri$ a :ite beav] hat1 assum$ aft] he _h lo/ _m ( ord9>y col\rs1 z he said1 to prev5t any p]son tak+ x by mi/ake1 ?\gh ! un*>itable decl>$ ! reason = ?is s+ul>ity 0 to attract att5tion4 ,na% 0 fond ( f9e clo!s1 & celebrat$ ! ,k+'s ,bir?day 9 #agcd by appe>+ 9 gold-lac$ clo!s1 9 :i*1 says ,*e/]field1 #8he look$ s f9e t1 /&+ by *ance 9 ! middle ( ! danc]s1 he 0 tak5 by _m at a di/ance = a gilt g>l&4 7,lewis ,melville1 ,ba? "u ,beau ,na%47 #aei ,daught] ( ,george ,,ii41 :o paid h] fir/ visit to ,ba? 9 #agbh4 #8,ye nymphs ( ,ba?1 come1 aid my lay2 ,come /rike ! trembl+ /r+2 ,amelia's "n s sweetly fl[s1 ,h] face & wondr\s goodness %[s1 ,:o c refuse to s+4 #8,h] pres5ce1 l ! sun b5ign1 ,%$s bless+1 :]e %e deigns to %9e3 ,& bright5s all ! place2 ,b1 :5 ! ,goddess disappe>s1 ,our droop+ heads & eyes 9 te>s ,w witness our di/ress4' ,quot$ by ,lewis ,melville1 ,ba? "u ,beau ,na%4 #afj #8,poor ,bladud1 he 0 mang] gr[n2 8 dad1 :i* zum call va!r1 ,zet ,bladud pig1 & pig ,bladud1 & zo !y v$ toge!r4 ,!n ,bladud did ! ,pigs invect1 :o1 grumbl+1 ran away1 ,& v\nd :ot ,wat]s pres5tly1 :i* made him fre% & gay4 ,bladud 0 n s grote a ,vool1 b see+ :at ,pig did doe1 ,he ,bea?'d & ,wa%'t1 & ,r9s'd1 & ,bea?'d1 f ,noddle d[n to ,toe4 99 99 99 99 99 ,& !n he built ?is gawdy ,t\n1 & %e]'d 8 ,be>d spade-ways1 ,:i* voke acc\nt$ !n a ,grace1 ?\gh n s n[adays4 ,?wo ?[s& & vive hundr$ ,ye>s1 & ,?irty-vive to ,t1 ,z9ce ,bladud's ,zw9e did looze _! ,greaze1 :i* we ,mod]ns call ,vat4' ,,coryate1 ,crudities4 #afa ,goldsmi?1 ,life ( ,na%4 #afb ,9 memory ( ! happy re/oration to ,heal? ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange1 by dr9k+ ! ,ba? ,wat]s1 ?r\gh ! fav\r ( ,god1 & to ! joy ( ,brita91 #agcd4 #afc ,! pa9t$ fan allud+ to ! relations betwe5 ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales & ,mrs4 ,fitzh]b]t is ref]r$ to on page #aie4 #afd ,9 #agbf1 :5 ,swift took ! t[n by /orm ) #8,gulliv]1' e lady #8c>ri$ ,lilliput ab\t ) h]1' & ,lilliputian fans became ! vogue4 #afe #8,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,tu]1 9 a li/ ( ,b>tolozzi's works 7page #aaf71 catalogues eighte5 fan-m\nts1 includ+ ! "o publi%$ by ,a4 ,poggi 9 #aghj1 b n ! "o publi%$ by ,poggi 9 #aghb4 ,only f\r1 s f> z he kn[s1 7 complet$ z fans1 includ+ ! #aghj ,poggi4 ,! copp]s on :i* ! engrav+s 7 made 7 ( l>ge size1 s z to admit ( ! aft] addition ( ! =m ( ! fan1 & its ornam5tation4 ,"s ( ! plates 7 aft]w>ds cut d[n1 lett]$1 & issu$ z sep>ate pr9ts4' 7,lett] ( ,mr4 ,lionel ,cu/ to ,lady ,*>lotte ,s*reib]1 ,s*reib] ,,mss41 ,briti% ,museum47 #aff ,r$grave1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,catalogue1 #ahgj4 #afg ,duvell]oy1 ,exposition ,univ]selle1 ,p>is1 #ahfg1 ,rapports du ,jury ,int]national1 vol4 iv4 #afh ,que51 ,*ri/mas ,numb]1 #ahij4 #afi ,e4 ,b>r+ton ,na%1 ,catalogue ( ! ,?ird ,competitive ,exhibition ( ,fans at ,drap]s' ,hall1 #ahij4 #agj ,!re is no reason :y ei!r sex %\ld claim a monopoly ( fan pa9t+4 #aga ,octave ,uzanne1 ,! ,fan4 #agb ,^! details are mo/ k9dly suppli$ by ! ,private ,secret>y1 ! ,hon4 ,a4 ,nelson ,hood1 :o also photograph$ ! fan = ?is "w4 #agc ,! above facts are tak5 f an article 9 ! ,iri% ,ros>y = ,june #ahih4 #agd ,art & ,ornam5t 9 ,dress4 #age ,! ,etruscan sceptre 9 ! gold ornam5t room1 ,briti% ,museum1 has ! top =m$ l a fl[]1 ! petals ( beat5 gold1 ! inn] core a l>ge em]ald4 ,,index ,,abanico ,,di ,,novia1 #ii4 ,abano1 ,portuguese fire-fan1 #ab1 #ac4 #8,abolition ( ! ,slave-,trade1' #bbf4 #8,a*illes & ,deidamia1' #ahj4 ,acton fan1 #adf4 #8,adam & ,eve 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed51' #aid4 ,addison1 quotation1 #ahi4 lian4 ,fe/ival ( ,apollo at ,l5cos1 #bd4 ,ajanta1 cave-temples1 #da4 ,akb>-,namah1 #de4 ,akom ogi1 #fc1 #fd4 ,alb91 ,/4 ,m4 ,philippe de1 #bbc4 ,alex&] ,,vi41 ,pope1 #ajg4 ,alex&ra1 ,h4,m4 ,que51 #aie1 #bgh1 #bib1 #bic4 ,alex&re1 ,m41 #bgh1 #bgi1 #bha1 #bij1 #bia4 ,alma-,tadema1 ,lady1 #bhe4 ---- ,sir ,l41 #bjb4 ,alum1 #cf1 note1 #cg4 ,am>avati tope1 #da4 #8,anci5t ,m>riage1' #ahj4 ,&aman ,isl&s1 #he4 ,&]son1 ,dr41 quotation1 #dh1 note1 #fh4 ,&r1 ,eugne1 #ee4 ,angelo1 ,mi*ael1 #aae4 ,anne1 ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess1 #ahj4 ---- ,que51 scre5 (1 #bhh4 ,anto9ette1 ,m>ie-1 #aag1 #acb1 #aei1 #aff1 #afg1 #afh1 #afi1 #bac1 #bbe4 #8,antony & ,cleopatra1' #aih4 ,apo/olical ,con/itutions1 #hg4 ,araki1 #gc4 ,ar*ological ,association1 ,j\rnal (1 #ic1 note4 ,ar*ological ,j\rnal1 #ic1 note4 ,arevalo1 ,cano de1 #abg1 #abh4 ,arhats1 #fb4 ,ari/ophanes1 #cf4 ,ari/otle1 #aah4 #8,asc5t ( ,mont ,blanc1' #bgf4 ,assignat-fans1 #bbc1 #bbd1 #bbg4 ,assur-bani-pal1 #bj1 #ba1 #bb4 ,assyrian plait$ h&-fan1 #be4 #8,a!nian ,/u>t1' #ahe4 ,atsumori1 #gb1 note1 #gc4 ,att]bury1 ,dr41 ,bi%op ( ,ro*e/]1 epigram #ahg4 ,aub]y1 ,,ms41 prodigi\s fans1 temp4 ,h5ry ,,viii41 #h4 ,audsley1 ,g4 ,a%d[n1 #eg1 note4 ,augu/9e1 ,/41 #if4 #8,aurora1' by ,guido1 #abc4 #8,aurora & ,zephyr1' #acb4 ,autograph & inscription fans1 #eh1 #ei1 #fh1 #fi1 #bhe4 #8,autumn' fan1 #ei4 ,baal1 #bb4 ,baalbek1 #bc4 ,baal-,%emeh1 #bc4 ,bac*us1 my/ical fan (1 #aa4 ---- & ,ariadne1 fans (1 #abb1 #abc1 #abd4 ,bad51 ,gr& ,duke ,fr$]ick (1 #ii4 ---- ,gr& ,du*ess (1 w$d+ fan1 #bgg4 ,bad9i1 ,*>les ,francis1 #bed4 ,baird1 ,h4 ,m41 quotation1 #aha4 #8,bal d',am\rs1' #bgg4 #8,bal des ,nations1' #baj4 ,bald1 ,*>les !1 #ih4 ,ball at ! ,tuil]ies1 #ahbi1 #bgd4 ,balloon-fan1 #bad4 ,balzac1 ,guez de1 #bf1 #add1 #afh4 ,bamboo-fan1 #ej1 #ee1 #fb1 #gd1 #ge4 ,b>clay1 ,%ip ( ,fools1 #id4 ,b>nwell1 ,cambridge1 #ih4 ,b>?olomu1 ,frau1 #acf4 ,b>tolozzi1 #aic1 #bfh4 ,ba/>d1 #bgh4 ,bat ,bu'u1 #eb4 ,battoir fan1 #afc4 ,baude1 ,alphonse1 #bgg4 ,beaum>*ais1 #bac1 #bae4 ,beaussi]1 ,c\ntess de1 #aeb4 #8,be=e & aft] ,m>riage1' #bfd4 ,behr5s1 ,w4 ,l41 #gj4 ,bella1 ,/efano della1 #bje4 #8,belle ,*anteuse1' #bjh4 ,bell[s or fire fans1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 & note1 #ac1 #hj2 ,que5 ,m>y1 #ajb4 ,b591 #hc4 ,b]g]1 ,eugne1 #bgh4 ,b]l9 ,museum1 #ih1 #bfi4 ,b]rett9i 7,pietro da ,cortona71 #abb4 ,b]ri1 ,madame la ,du*esse de1 #bgd4 ,bessbor\gh1 ,"l1 #abd4 #8,betro?al ( ,l\is ,,xv4 & ,m>ie ,lecz9ska1' #afa4 #8,betro?al ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 & ,m>ie-,anto9ette1' #acb4 ,bze1 ,?odore de1 #bjg4 ,b9yon1 ,laur5ce1 #gc4 ,birdwood1 ,miss ,e!l1 #agj4 ---- ,sir ,george1 #ae1 note1 #ba1 #bd1 quotation1 #ce1 #cf1 note1 #ajg1 #agj1 #bih4 ,bis*(f%eim1 ,mrs41 #afc4 ,biss*op1 ,madame1 #bha4 ,blanc1 ,*>les1 #c1 #aba1 #big4 ,blau*>d1 ,m41 #bad4 ,blondel3--,greek figures1 #bi2 ,p]u & ,mexico1 #hd2 ,middle ,ages1 #id2 flag-fan1 #ii1 #ajj1 #acf2 agricultural ftes1 #aga2 lorgnettes1 #agc2 quotation1 #bgi4 ,boileau1 ti5ne1 #id4 ,boissy1 ,l\is de1 quotation1 #i4 ,bonheur1 ,rosa1 #bhj4 ,bosse1 ,abraham1 #adh1 #aej1 #aea1 #aeb1 #bjd1 #bjg4 ,b\*]1 #adb4 ,b\*ot1 ,h5ri1 #afe1 note1 #bjg1 #bbe1 #bbg1 #bbh4 ,brad=d1 ,c\ntess (1 #afg4 ,brangwyn1 ,frank1 ,a4,r4,a41 #bie1 #bif4 ,brantme1 #aja1 #ajb1 note1 #add1 #ade1 #aff4 ,brtigny seal ( ,edw>d ,,iii41 #aaj4 ,bridal-fan ( ,adelaide ( ,savoy1 ,du*ess ( ,burgundy1 #aeh4 ---- ( ,m>ie-,anto9ette1 #aff1 #afg4 ---- ( ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess ,anne1 #aij4 ,bris fan1 its con/ruction & decoration1 #aai2 p]iod (1 #aai2 mod]n1 #bgh2 exhibitions (1 #bhb1 #bhc4 ,bri/ol1 ,d[ag] ,m>*ioness (1 #abc1 #abe1 #acb1 #aec1 #afa1 #afe1 #aid1 #aig1 #aih1 #bgf4 ,briti% ,guiana1 #hj4 ---- ,museum1 #dh1 #ej1 #ea1 #eh1 #fa1 #fb1 #fc1 #gb1 #gf1hj1 #hb1 #hc1 #hd1 #he1 #ia1 #ic1 #bje1 #bcb4 #8,brok5' ,*9ese fan1 #eh4 ,bruyre1 ,madame la1 #afi4 ,brun1 ,a4 de1 #aaa1 #aab1 #aif1 #aig4 ,buddha1 ,gautama1 #cd2 ,gaya1 #cd4 ,buddhi/ prie/s1 ,siam1 #db4 ,bulru%es1 #ej4 ,burdett-,c\tts1 ,b>oness1 #aia1 #bei4 ---- ,w41 #ef1 #aag1 #abe1 #bdg4 ,burges1 ,w41 #ie1 note1 #if1 #ig4 ,burma1 mona/ic novitiate (1 #f2 ,k+ (1 #cd4 ,burmese regalia1 #dc4 ,burty1 ,ph41 #ga4 ,bu%ell1 ,s4 ,w41 #ba1 #ef1 note1 #fi1 note4 ,butl]1 #hg1 #hi4 ,cab9et de ,mdailles1 ,p>is1 #ii4 #8,cabriolet' fan1 #afd1 #bbf1 #bbg4 ,can1 ,georges1 #bha4 ,caligraphic ,s*ool1 ,japan1 #fb4 ,caligraphy1 #fi1 note4 ,callamatta1 ,madame1 #bha4 ,callot ,jacques1 #bjd1 #bjg4 ,cambridge1 ,augu/a1 ,du*ess (1 #aff4 ,camp-fan 7j9 s571 #gc4 ,campbell's ,london ,tradesman1 #agdg1 quotation1 #agi4 ,canal1 ,antonio 7,canaletto71 #abe1 #aia1 #beh4 ,cann+1 ,lady1 #acc4 #8,capture ( ! ,bale>ic ,isl&s1' #abi4 ,c>los ,,iii41 ,k+ ( ,spa91 #agei1 #abi1 #acj4 ,c>lyle1 ,?omas1 #bae1 #bah4 ,c>racci1 ,ago/9o1 #aje1 #ahj1 #bjd4 ---- ,annibale1 #abb1 #abc4 ,c>r& collection1 #ij4 #8,c>r\sel at ,madrid1' #abi4 ,case or cov] ( a fan1 #ba1 #bb4 ,c]emonial fan1 #hb1 #hi4 #8,c]f de ,/4 ,hub]t1' #bhj4 ,*amba1 #dd4 ,*amb]la91 ,basil1 #gb1 #ge4 ,*amb]s1 ,diction>y ( ,arts & ,sci5ces1 #be1 note4 ,*ambrun1 ,comtesse de1 #afe4 ,*apel-fan1 #bea4 ,*apt1 ,madame la ,b>onne de1 uvres ,philosophiques1 #c4 ,*>d91 ,m41 #abc4 ---- ,voyages1 #ce4 ,*>les ,v41 #ii4 ,*>les1 ,pr(41 #bac4 ,*>lotte1 ,que51 managem5t ( fan1 #g4 ,*teau de ,pi]re1 excavation at !1 #ajh4 ,*audet1 #bbi4 ,*aurie1 #ch1 #ci4 ,*e/]field1 ,"l1 #bei1 note4 ,*ild1 ,josiah1 #afd4 ,*ildr5's fans1 exhibition (1 #abe4 ,*9ese fea!r-scre5s1 #bhh4 ,*od[iecki1 ,d41 #bde1 #bfi4 ,*rism1 consecrations (1 #hh4 ,*ryso/om1 ,/41 #hh1 note4 ,*kei1 #fe4 ,*ur*-fan1 #aic1 #bdh1 #bdi1 #bej1 #bea4 ,cipriani1 #aic1 #bfh4 ,cl>k1 ,j4 ,w41 #ih1 note4 ,cleopatra1 #ai4 ,clim5son1 ,e4 ,j41 quotation1 #aij4 ,cl\et1 ,franois1 #ach4 ,cluny1 ,muse de1 #ia1 #aad1 #adf4 ,coburg1 ,h4,r4,h4 ,duke (1 #aih4 ,co*91 ,nicolas1 #bje4 ,cockade fan1 #hc1 #ajj4 ,code ( ! fan 7,japan71 #fe4 ,cole1 ,sir ,h5ry1 #bhj4 ,colombia1 ,republic (1 bell[s fan1 #ab4 ,columbus ,*ri/oph]1 exp$ition to ,am]ica1 #ajg4 ,compte-,calix1 #bgh4 ,cond]1 ,*>les1 #bid1 #bie4 ---- ,frank1 #bie4 ---- ,josiah1 #fd1 note4 ,connaught1 ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess ,m>g>et (1 #bib4 ,consort1 ,pr9ce1 #bjc4 ,conv]sation or speak+ fan1 #bec4 ,coom>asw>my1 ,a4 ,k41 #cg1 note1 #dc4 ,copts1 #da4 #8,coquette1 ,la1' #bjh1 #bji4 ,coris&res1 #bgd4 ,coronation fan ( ,h4,m4 ,que5 ,alex&ra1 #bic4 ---- banquet ( ,george ,,ii41 #bcb4 ,corot1 #bgh4 ,cortona1 ,pietro da1 #abb4 ,coryat1 ,?omas1 #aab4 ,cosway1 #aie4 ,c\rt-fan1 #fc1 #fd4 #8,c\rt ( ,love1' #bif4 ,c\rtesans1 #ec4 #8,c\rt%ip & ,m>riage ( ! ,dauph91' #afb1 #aff4 ,c\s91 ,jean1 #ach4 ,c\ture1 #bgh4 ,cov] or case ( a fan1 #ba1 #bb4 ,cov]ley1 ,sir ,rog] de1 #ahg4 ,c[p]1 #bhi4 ,coypel1 ,anto9e1 #aec4 ,crav51 ,d[ag] ,du*ess (1 #acb4 ,cray1 ,madame du1 #afi4 ,crpy1 #bjh4 ,cresc5t-%ap$ h&-fan1 #dj4 ,cre/s1 fan-1 #aaj4 ,crewdson1 ,wilson1 #ej1 #fd1 #bee1 #bhh4 ,cruik%ank1 #bdf4 ,crusad]s1 #be1 #ajj4 ,cullam1 ,sir ,john1 ,b>t41 #ajc1 note4 ,cumm+1 ,c4 ,f4 ,gordon1 #ce1 note4 #8,cupid's ,hive1' #abe4 ,curiosities 9 fans1 #bhf1 #bhg4 ,cu/1 ,lionel1 #aic1 note1 #bfh4 ,cyr5ians1 sacrifices to fly-cat*+ god1 #bc4 ,dagg]-fan1 #eh4 ,dahl1 ,mi*ael1 #aec4 ,dai ,t5gu1 #fj1 #fa4 ,d',albuqu]que1 ,alphonso1 #ajg4 ,d',alemb]t1 #aec4 ,dance-fan1 #gc1 #hb4 ,danc+-fan 7mai ogi71 #fb1 #gc4 ,d',arblay1 ,madame1 lett]1 #g-h1 #aib4 ,date ( a fan1 important consid]ation 9 det]m9+1 #adi4 ,dav5ant1 ,sir ,w41 #aja4 ,davis1 ,sir ,john ,francis1 #ajg4 ,dc\p fan1 #aad1 #adf1 #agh4 ,delhi1 #db4 ,d]ivation ( ! ^w fan1 #aj4 ,d]ri1 ,nubia1 ,temple (1 #ae4 #8,desc5te en ,anglet]re1 #ahjc1' #bbi4 #8,dsespoir des ,p5sionnaires1' #bbb4 ,desro*es1 ,mlle41 #aad1 #aae4 ,devauay1 ,madame1 #agd4 ,devon%ire1 ,georgiana1 ,du*ess (1 #aie4 ,d',haute=t1 ,mlle41 #aje4 ,diamonds1 9 h&les1 #ajc4 ,diaz1 #bge1 #bgh4 ,dilke1 ,lady1 #aci1 note4 ,disc /&>ds1 ,assyrian1 #be1 #cg4 ,disraeli1 ,b5jam91 ,cont>9i ,flem+1 #d1 #ace4 ,disvta1 #cg4 ,dobson1 ,au/91 #bci4 ,doran1 ,dr41 #g1 note4 ,dor1 ,madame1 #add4 #8,d\ble-ent5te1' ,*9ese1 #eh4 ,d\ble or rev]sible fan1 #abj1 #aba4 ,drake1 ,sir ,francis1 #ajc4 ,drap]s' ,hall ,exhibition1 #ahgh1 #abb4 ,draw+s ( fans by ,poggi1 #aic4 ,dreh]1 ,conrad1 #bhf4 #8,droits de l',homme1 ,les1' #bba4 ,dryd51 ,john1 #afc4 ,du*tel1 ,c\ntess1 #aei4 ,duck-foot or ,f]r>a fan1 #ajg4 #8,duck-,hunt+1' #beb1 #bec4 ,dugdale1 #ib1 note4 ,dum\ti]1 ,g41 #eb1 note4 ,duncannon1 ,lady1 #abd4 ,dut* pa9t$ fans1 #aif2 e>ly use1 #aig2 pa9t$ m\nts1 #aig2 hi/orical & fanciful subjects1 #aih2 treatm5t ( ! m\nt1 #aih2 ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,*9ese influ5ces on ! treatm5t ( ! m\nt1 #aih2 ,flemi%1 #aii2 v>ni%1 #bjj2 ivory bris1 #bjj2 horn1 #bja2 small decorat$ spangl$1 #bja2 /icks1 #bjb4 #8,dut* ,settlem5ts 9 ! ,ea/ ,indies1' #aig4 ,duvell]oy1 ,m41 #aba1 #abd1 #acg1 #bgf1 #bgh1 #bgi1 #bia1 #bic4 ,dyonisia1 #aa4 ,e>ly hi/ory ( fan1 ,japan1 #fj4 ,ea/ ,india ,company1 #agf4 ,edw>d ,,iii41 ,brtigny seal (1 #aaj4 ,eg]ton1 ,hon4 ,wilbraham1 #cg1 note4 ,egyptian fan1 plait$ h&1 #ac2 processional #ad1 #ae1 #af1 #ag2 semicircul> h&1 #ac1 #ad2 squ>e1 #ai4 ,eleanor1 ,que51 #ajb4 #8,eleanora d',e/e1' #aac4 ,el5a1 ,que5 ( ,italy1 #bia4 ,elizabe?1 ,que51 #ajb1 #agh4 ,emblem1 fan1 #ag1 #ah1 #ci4 ,embroid]$ ,dut* fans1 #aii4 ,employm5t ( fans 9 religi\s c]emonies1 #ae1 #bj1 #bg1 #eb1 #hg-id4 ,enamel1 #ee1 #ef4 nault1 ,l\is1 #acf4 ,engrav$ fans ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies1 ,fr5*-- ,e>lie/1 #bjd4 ,classical1 #bjf4 ,topical1 #bjg4 ,naval & milit>y1 #bjg4 ,sep>ation ( ,am]ica f ,engl&1 #bab4 ,capture ( ,granada1 #bab4 ,l\is ,seize1 #bab4 ,bir? ( ! ,dauph91 #bab4 ,pr(essor ,*>les's balloon1 #bad4 ,beaum>*ais' com$y1 ,le ,m>iage de ,fig>o1 #baf4 ,op]atic1 #baf4 ,! ,revolution1 #bai4 ,mirabeau1 #bbc4 ,pap]-money difficulties1 #bbc1 #bbd1 #bbg4 ,abolition ( ! ,slave-,trade1 #bbf4 ,cabriolet1 #bbg4 ,napoleon ,bonap>te1 #bbh1 #bbi4 ,russian campaign ( #ahab1 #bcj4 ,nic>agua ,canal1 #bcj4 ,engrav$ fans ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies1 ,engli%-- ,coronation ( ,george ,,ii41 #bcb4 ,begg>'s ,op]a1 #bcc4 ,m>riage ( ! ,cr[n ,pr9cess ) ,pr9ce ( ,orange1 #bcd4 ,william ,hog>?1 #bch4 ,victories ( ,admiral ,v]non1 #bdj1 #bda4 ,! unpopul> ,prime ,m9i/]1 #bda4 ,jacobite ,rebellion1 #bdc4 ,peace ( ,aix-la-,*apelle1 #bdd4 ,dea? ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 #agea1 #bdd4 ,tak+ ( ,quebec1 #bdd4 ,m>riage ( ,george ,,iv41 #bdf4 ,"l ,h[e's victory1 #bdg4 ,trial ( ,w>r5 ,ha/+s1 #bdg4 ,popul> resorts1 #bef4 ,op]a1 #bfb4 ,"l ,h>dwicke's ,new ,m>riage ,act ( #agec1 #bfg4 ,processes (1 #bgj4 ,ent]ta9m5t fans1 #bef4 #8,entomologi/1' #bhj4 ,eugnie1 ,empress1 #eg1 #bgi1 #bhj1 #bha4 ,euripides1 quotation1 #bi4 #8v5tail bris1' #aai4 ,excise fan1 #bcd4 ,fabri1 ,alex41 #adg4 ,fair fans1 #bef1 #beg4 ,fairholt1 quotation1 #agh4 ,fan & t[el or h&k]*ief beat]s1 #ba4 ,fan z decorative motif 9 design1 #gf4 ,fan z emblem ( life1 ,japan1 #bj1 #fj4 ,fan-be>]1 (fice (1 #af2 privileges (1 #ai2 ,assyrian1 #bj1 #ba2 badge ( ,assyria1 #bj4 ,fan games1 #ge1 #gf4 ,fan-%ops1 ,p>is1 #aea2 ,london1 #ahg4 ,fannire ,bro!rs1 #bgh4 ,fea/ ( ,lant]ns1 #df4 ,fea!r-fans1 ,greek1 #bi1 #cj2 ,etruscan1 #cj2 ,roman1 #cj1 #hg2 ,india1 #dj2 ,*9a1 #df2 w+-%ap$1 #dg1 #eg2 primitive1 #gg2 eagle1 #hb2 ,v5etian1 #ii2 ,france1 ,*>les ,v41 #ajj2 twelf? to sixte5? c5turies1 #aja2 :ite & col\r$1 #ajb2 ,france1 #add2 ,engli%1 #agf2 mod]n1 #bhg1 #bhh1 #bhi1 #bij2 woodcock1 #bhi4 ,fea!r-w&s1 #hd4 ,fea!r-"w1 #ej1 #bhh4 ,fell1 ,h4 ,granville1 #bif4 ,f]r>a1 or duck's-foot fan1 #ajg4 #8,fte de l',agriculture1' #aga4 #8,fte de la ,fdration1' #bbb4 #8,fte on ! ,piazzetta1' #abe4 ,feu*res1 ,jean1 #bgh4 ,feure1 ,georges de1 #big4 ,field+1 ,h5ry1 #bef4 ,fig>o fans1 #baf4 ,filigree1 #ee1 #ef1 #eg1 #eh4 ,fitzh]b]t1 ,mrs41 #aie4 ,flabellif]1 #ae1 #ca1 #de4 ,flabellum1 ,egyptian1 #af2 leek-gre51 #cb2 ,*ri/ian1 #hg-ig2 e>ly adoption by ! ,lat9 ,*ur*1 #hh2 symbolism (1 #hh2 types (1 #hi2 ,t\rnus1 #hi1 #ij2 h&le1 ,fr5* twelf? c5tury1 #ia1 #ib2 capital1 ,nor? ,g]man1 #ib2 peacock1 #id2 metal1 #ii2 cockade1 #ajj4 ,flagellum1 ! my/ical vannus1 #aa4 ,flag-fans3 ,india1 #da1 #db1 #dd2 ,we/ ,africa1 #hc2 ,europe1 #ig2 ,coptic1 #ih2 ,v5ice1 #ii4 ,flam&1 ,le1 #afh4 ,fleury1 ,rob]t1 #bge4 ,flies1 ,baal-zebub1 "l ( !1 #bb1 #bc4 ,floire1 ,!1 #aja4 ,flory1 ,m4 ,a41 #g1 note4 ,fly-hunt] 7,jupit] ,myiodes71 #bc2 ,h]cules1 #bc4 ,fly-:isk or fly-flap1 primitive ,egyptian1 #ad2 ,assyrian1 #bb1 #be2 ,roman1 #bh1 #ca2 ,indian1 #ch1 #ci1 #dd1 #de1 #fb2 primitive peoples1 #hd1 #he2 black horse-hair1 #hf2 ,abyss9ian1 #hf2 peacock fea!rs1 #ib2 palm leaves1 #ih4 ,fol1 ,wal!r1 #bgi4 ,fold+ or pleat$ fans1 #bh1 #eb1 #ec1 #eg1 #eh2 bamboo1 #fb1 #fe2 w>1 #gj2 ,fr5*1 #ade2 ,engli%1 #agf2 mod]n1 #bgb4 ,=r]s1 ,rob]t1 #ih4 ,=tune-tell+ fans1 #bed1 #bee1 #bef4 ,fox-,davies1 ,a4 ,c41 #aaj1 #aaa4 ,fragon>d1 #afg4 ,frankl91 ,b5jam91 #agj4 ,franks collection1 #afa1 #aii4 ,freij1 ,jacobus1 #abb4 ,fri$]i*sy1 ,b>oness1 #bhf4 ,fuji san 7pe]less m\nta971 #ge4 #8,galant1 ,le1' #bjh4 ,gamble1 ,m41 #bcc1 #bcd1 #bcg1 #bdh1 #bee1 #bfd4 ,games ( ! fan1 #ge1 #gf4 ,g>ni]1 #bgh4 ,gauti]1 ,?ophile1 #ace4 ,gav>ni1 #bgh1 #bgi4 ,gay1 #b4 ,g5lis1 ,madame de1 ,diction>y ( ,etiquette1 #agd4 ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e1 quotation1 #ahb1 #ahc1 #ahf4 #8,george ,wa%+ton1' #bab4 ,g]manus1 #hi4 ,g]mo1 ,leon>do1 #abc4 ,grme1 #bge4 ,giant fans1 #gd4 ,gibson1 ,mrs4 ,frank ,w41 #acb4 ,giles1 ,h4 ,a41 #eb1 note1 #ei1 note4 ,gir>d91 ,madame de1 #bgh4 ,glaize1 #bge1 #bgh4 ,gluck1 #baf4 ,gold ,coa/1 #hd4 ,gold-h&l$ fans1 #ajb1 #ajc4 ,goldoni1 ,! ,fan1 #f1 #g1 #abf1 quotation4 ,gonc\rt1 ,,mm4 de1 #ag #b1 quotation4 ,gore1 ,sir ,humphrey1 #ahj4 ,gosson1 ,/eph51 quotation1 #agg4 ,gtz1 ,pr(4 ,h]mann1 #bhd4 ,g\py1 #ahe4 ,goya1 ,francisco1 #acd4 ,granville1 ,c\ntess1 #bhj4 ,grass or ru% fans1 #gg1 #gi1 #hc4 ,gravelot1 #aia4 #8,great ,lott]y ( #agad1' #aij4 ,greek ,*ur*1 #id4 ,grgoire1 #bbf4 ,grtry1 #baf4 ,grignan1 ,madame de1 #aed1 #aei4 ,guido1 #8,aurora' (1 #abc4 ,guimet1 ,muse1 #ej1 #ea1 #gf1 note4 ,gumbai ,u*iwa1 #fb4 ,gun ,s51 #fb4 ,gypsy fans1 #bed1 #bee1 #bef4 ,halb]d-%ap$ fans1 #db4 ,hall1 ,bi%op1 #aje4 ,hammett1 ,lydia1 #bic4 ,hamon1 ,jean ,l\is1 #bgh1 #bgi1 #bhj4 ,han dyna/y1 sculptures1 #ba1 #bf1 #di1 #eh4 ,h&-fan3 ,egyptian plait$1 #ac2 ,assyrian1 #be2 primitive1 #gg1 #gh1 #gi2 ,egyptian semicircul>1 #ac1 #ad4 ,h&-scre51 engrav$ design = a1 by ,ago/9o ,c>racci1 #aje2 fea!r1 #aje2 /raw1 #aif2 engrav$1 #bjd1 #bag4 ,h&les at ,museums1 #ad1 #cj1 #aje2 ,gold ,coa/1 #hd4 #8,h>lot's ,progress1' #bch1 #bci4 ,h>pe1 ,m4 de la1 #afh1 note4 ,h>vey1 ,john1 #ahj4 ,ha/+s1 ,w>r51 trial (1 #bdg4 ,hawaiian ,isl&s1 #gi1 #hj1 #hd4 ,he>t-%ap$ fans3 ,greek1 #bh1 #dd2 primitive1 #gh4 ,he]e1 ,lucas de1 #agh4 ,hefn]-,alt5ek1 #aab4 ,he9e1 ,madame ,*>les1 #abi4 ,h5n9 collection 7,biblio?que ,nationale71 #afe1aie4 ,h]vey ,isl&s1 #gi4 ,hi ogi1 #fb1 #fd1 #fi4 ,hide-fans1 #gg1 #hj1 #hc4 ,hildeb]t1 ,/41 #hh4 ,h9du !atre1 #ci1 note4 ,hiro%ige ,,ii41 #gb4 ,hog>?1 ,william1 #bch4 ,hoh5lohe-,lang5burg1 ,h4,s4,h4 ,pr9cess ,victor (1 #acb4 ,hokusai1 #fi4 #gb4 ,holmes1 ,r&le1 #id4 ,holt1 ,h4 ,f41 #aja1 note1 #bjc4 ,hrman1 ,*ri/oph] ,fr$r41 #bje4 ,horn1 #abj1 #bja4 ,horniman ,museum1 #ch1 #hc4 ,hotei1 #fa1 #fg1 #fh4 ,hsi-,wang-,mu1 fan (1 #dg-di4 ,hughes1 ,john1 ,tatl]1 #ahi1 note4 ---- ,mr4 ,talbot1 #acd4 ,humor\s fans1 #bfe4 ,hunef]1 papyrus (1 #ah4 ,hunt1 ,w4 ,holman1 #bd1 note4 ,husse9 ,dey1 #bgc4 ,imp]ial ,museum1 ,tky1 #fh4 #8,impracticable1' #eh4 ,incru/ation1 process (1 "m ( pe>l1 #aai4 ,india ,museum1 #ch1 #ci1 #dd1 #ea1 #hf4 ,+res1 #bge4 ,innoc5t ,,xi41 ,pope1 #bcb4 ,inscription or autograph fans1 #eh1 #ei1 #fh1 #fi1 #bhe4 ,inv5tion ( fan3 ,*9a1 #df2 ,japan1 #fc4 ,inv5tories3 ,/4 ,riqu]1 ,ami5s1 ,la ,sa9te ,*apelle1 ,ely1 ,salisbury1 ,/4 ,paul's1 #ib2 ,exet]1 #ib2 ( pl$ges1 #acjc1 #ie2 ,comptesse ,mahaut d',artois1 ,que5 ,clm5ce1 ,johanne d',ev]eux1 ,*>les ,v41 #ajj2 ,que5 ,elizabe?1 #ajc4 ,isabella1 que5 ( ,edw>d ,,ii41 #ic4 ,isabey1 #bge4 ,isis1 prie/ (1 #bg4 ,ivory1 #ea1 #ec1 #ee1 #eg1 #eh1 #fd1 #fe1 #gd1 #hi1 #ia1 #aje1 #aad1 #aah1 #abe1 #abi1 #acd1 #adg1 #afa1 #afb1 #aff1 #agd1 #aib1 #aid1 #aig1 #aii1 #bjj1 #bja1 #bjc1 #bab1 #bdd1 #bgc1 #bhj4 ,jacobite ,rebellion1 #bdc4 ,jacquem>t1 #bge1 #bgh4 ,jane ( ,nav>re1 #aif4 ,jeaffreson1 quotation1 #bfg4 ,jewell$ fans1 #ajb4 ,jews1 names ( cities (1 #bb4 ,joa*im-,gibson1 ,mrs41 #bhf4 ,john/on1 ,mrs4 ,bruce-1 #abd1 #aff4 ,joly1 ,h5ry ,l41 #gc1 note4 ,josephs1 ,m>ie1 #abe4 ,jub9al1 ,madame ,a*ille1 #ii1 #abb1 #agd4 #8,judgm5t ( ,p>is1' #aeh1 #bjf4 ,juro1 #fa4 ,kaname1 or rivet1 #fj1 note4 ,kanaoka1 #ff4 ,kan ,san ,raku1 #fh4 ,kapiolani1 ,que51 #gi4 ,kasuga ,motomitsu1 #ff4 ---- ,takayoski1 #fh4 ,kauffmann1 ,angelica1 #abj1 #aic1 #aid1 #bfh4 ,kells1 ,book (1 #hg1 #hi1 #ic4 ,k5dal1 ,mrs41 #bhg4 ,kew ,museum1 #dd4 ,khaskhs root1 #dd4 ,k+1 ,jessie1 #big4 ,k+sley1 ,miss1 #hd1 note4 ,klagmann1 #bgh4 ,klims*1 ,pr(4 ,eug51 #bhd4 ,kyetsu1 #fi4 ,kri%na1 #dd4 ,kunisada1 #fi4 ,kuniyo%i1 #ga4 ,kyoto1 #fi4 ,lace m\nts1 #bia4 ,lacqu]1 #ec1 #ed2 gold1 #ee1 #ge1 #gf1 #aef1 #aeg4 ,la ,f>ge1 ,raymond1 #add4 ,lami1 ,eugne1 #bge1 #bgh4 #8,la petite be/iole1' /ory (1 #aae4 ,lancey1 ,col4 de1 #aie4 ,lancret1 #add4 ,lane1 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,john1 #bie4 ,language ( ! fan1 #acf1 #acg1 #bec4 ,lanoy1 #bgh4 ,la ,salle1 ,le ,sieur de1 #hb1 #hc4 ,lay>d1 ,n9eveh1 #aa1 note1 #bb1 #be1 note4 ,le ,brun1 ,*>les1 #aci1 #aed1 note4 ,leg5ds ( ! fan1 #gb4 ,leice/]1 ,e>l (1 #ajb4 ,lewis1 ,mrs4 ,ar?ur1 #bhf4 ,lilliputian fans1 #bfc4 ,l9as1 ,*>les de1 #cj1 #ig1 #ih4 ,l9dsay1 ,lady1 #acc1 #aeh4 ,li?ography1 #bga4 ,liturgic fans1 #ig4 ,loire1 ,ni*olas1 #bjd1 #bjf4 ,loti1 ,pi]re1 #fd4 ,l\ise1 ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess1 ,du*ess ( ,argyll1 #aih1 #bgg1 #bhb4 ,love fans1 #bfb2 classes (1 #bfb2 c\rt+ fan m\nts1 #bfc4 ,lov]s' ,ag5cy ,bureau1 #aee4 ,mahbhrata1 #cc4 ,ma9t5on1 ,madame de1 #aeh4 ,mai ogi1 #fb4 ,mak>t1 ,hans1 #bhc4 ,mak+ ( a fan1 numb] ( p]sons employ$1 #aba4 ,malay ,kris1 #eh4 #8,malbr\k1' #bjg1 #bjh1 #baa1 #bac4 ,mantz1 ,paul1 #adc1 #afj1 note4 #8,m>at' fans1 #bbe-bbf4 ,m>cel1 ,gabriel1 #aca4 ,m>g>et1 ,que51 #ajb4 ,m>ia ,!resa ( ,spa91 #aed1 #afb1 #afc4 ,m>ie-,anto9ette1 #aag1 #acb1 #aei1 #aff1 #afg1 #afh1 #afi1 #bac1 #bbe4 ,m>quesas1 #gi4 ,m>riage fans ( ,*>les ,,ii41 #ahj4 #8,m>riage ( ,cupid & ,psy*e1' #abc4 #8,m>riage ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 & ,m>ia ,!resa1' #aed4 #8,m>riage ( ,napoleon ) ,m>ie ,l\ise1' #bbi4 ,m>/on1 ,satires1 #aja4 ,m>tial1 quotation1 #bh1 #ca4 ,m>t91 ,julian1 #aef4 ---- ,rob]t1 #aef4 ---- ,simon-ti5ne1 #aef4 ---- ,william1 #aef4 ,m>y1 ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess1 #bib4 ---- ,que51 #ajb4 ,masanobu1 #fg4 ---- ,kiato1 #fi4 ,matabei1 #gc1 #he4 ,ma?ilde1 ,pr9cess1 #bha4 ,meehan1 ,fam\s ,h\ses ( ,ba?1 quotation1 #bfa4 ,m$allion fan aft] ,cosway1 #aie4 ,m$icis1 ,ca!r9e de'1 #add4 ,meir1 ,rabbi ,joseph ,b51 #bd4 ,melville1 ,lewis1 quotation1 #bei1 #bfj4 ,m5agiana1 quotation1 #agc4 ,m]cure de ,france1 quotation1 #adi1 #aeg4 ,m]$i?1 ,george1 ,h>ry ,ri*mond1 #d1 #e4 ,msangre1 ,m4 de la1 #aje4 ,messel1 ,l4 ,c4 ,r41 #ga1 #aje1 #aad1 #aae1 #aec1 #age1 #ahg1 #bjb1 #bhh4 ,mey]1 ,m41 #aai1 #bgg4 ,mica1 #gh1 #aac1 #aad4 #8,midnight ,mod]n ,conv]sation1 #agcc1' #bci4 ,mign>d1 ,pi]re1 ,le ,roma91 #adj4 ,m+ dyna/y1 #ed4 ,mirabeau fans1 #bbc4 ,mita ogi1 #gc4 ,mod]n & pres5t-day fans1 #gd1 #bgb2 decl9e ( ! fan indu/ry & its causes1 #bgb1 #bgf2 conque/ ( ,alg]ia by ! ,fr5*1 #bgc2 production 9 #ahdg & #ahdh comp>$1 #bgf2 ma*9]y1 #bgg2 bris1 #bge2 exhibitions1 #bhb1 #bhc2 autograph & inscription1 #bhe2 revival ( o/ri* fea!r1 #bhg2 lace m\nts1 #bia4 ,montague1 ,mrs41 #ahi1 #bhh4 ,monza1 #ie-ig4 ,moral reflections ( a female re=m]1 #bej4 ,m1 ,sir ,?omas1 anecdote1 #i1 note4 ,moreau1 d\>d1 #bij4 ,morley1 ,h5ry1 #bcf1 #beg4 ,morrison collection1 #gc4 ,mos*us1 #hh4 ,moss1 ,miss1 #aai1 #aff1 #aia1 #aih1 #bjh1 #bgc4 ,"m ( pe>l1 #ec2 ,*9a1 #ee2 ,japan1 #gd2 ,que5 ,elizabe?1 #ajb2 k9ds (1 #aah4 #8,motion' fan1 #bda1 #bdb4 ,motonobu1 #fg4 ,m\nts1 ,italian1 #abb2 subjects (1 #abc2 ,neapolitan1 #abd2 ,fr5*1 #abb1 #abc2 ,engli%1 #agi2 ,dut*1 #aig4 ,m\rn+-fans1 #aid1 #bbe1 #bdd4 ,moz>t1 #baf4 ,mll]1 ,k>l1 #bgh4 ,murray1 ,c4 ,fairfax1 #bch4 ,muse de ,cluny1 #ia1 #aad1 #adf4 ---- de ,l\vre1 #bbb4 ---- des ,arts ,dcoratifs1 ,p>is1 #bha4 ,museo ,civico1 ,v5ice1 #bgc4 ---- ,gregorio1 ,rome1 fan h&les1 #cj4 ---- ,nazionale1 ,flor5ce1 #hi4 ,nai-,to1 #ga4 ,nan-ratan1 or n9e /one1 #dc4 ,napoleon ,bonap>te1 #bbh1 #bbi4 #8,napoleon %[s 8 ,troops ! ,*annel1' #bbi4 ,n>daillac1 ,comtesse de1 #bgi4 ,na%1 ,beau1 #beh1 #bfa4 ---- ,e4 ,b>r+ton1 #bgf4 ,nassau fans1 #bce1 #bcf1 #bcg1 #bch4 ,neapolitan fans1 #abd4 ,necromantic fans1 #bed1 #bee1 #bef4 ,negroni collection1 #bhe4 ,nem\rs1 ,du*ess de1 #ahj4 ,new ,nassau fan1 #bcg4 ,nig]ia1 #hb1 #hc4 ,nimr\d1 #bj1 #be4 ,nitcris1 ,que51 #ai4 #8,n' drama1 #fc4 ,nollek9s1 #ahe4 ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian fans1 #ad4 ,nor?cliffe1 ,lady1 #abb1 #abc1 #acd1 #afe4 ,oblong fans1 #ej4 ,oldroyd1 ,miss ,l41 #bic4 ,oliv]1 ,pet]1 #ahj4 ,olympian games1 #bc4 ---- ,jupit]1 #bc4 #8,oncle' fans1 #bae4 ,onola1 ,c\ntess1 #bhf4 ,op]a fans1 ,fr5*1 #baf1 #bag2 ,engli%1 #bfb4 ,op]ations ( ! pleat+ ( ! fan1 #aba4 ,orange fan1 #bcg4 ,ord] ( ! fan1 ,sw$51 #aec1 note4 ,orig9 ( ! fan1 #a-c4 ,osborne1 ,?omas1 #h1 #beb1 #bec4 ---- ,miss1 #ahg4 ,osiris1 #ae4 ,o/ri*1 #dj2 fold$1 #aje4 ,ottley1 ,capta9 ,j4 ,e41 #abb4 ,ovid1 quotation1 #cb4 ,pack]+1 ,sir ,j41 #ajc4 ,paci&i1 #ic1 note4 ,pa9t$ fans ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies-- ,,italian4-- ,introduction ( ! fold+-fan into ,europe1 #ajg2 excavation at ! ,*teau de ,pi]re1 #ajh2 decorative developm5t1 #aji2 e>lie/ =ms1 #aac2 con/ruction1 #aaf2 "* ( ! /icks1 #aag2 ornam5tation1 #aag1 #aah3 bris fans1 #aai2 d\ble or rev]sible1 #abj1 #aba2 m\nts1 #abb1 #abc2 ,neapolitan1 #abd2 *ildr5's fans1 #abe2 sup]iority ( ! workm51 #abf4 ,,spani%1 #abg2 ,italian influ5ce on art1 #abh2 alliance ( ! ,h\se ( ,b\rbon1 #acj2 ,treaty ( ,p>is1 #acj2 classical revival1 #aca2 "* ( ! /ick1 #acb1 #acc2 influ5ce ( ,francisco ,goya1 #acc1 #acd2 v>ieties (1 #ace2 language (1 #acf1 #acg4 ,,fr5*4-- ,italian influ5ce on1 #ach2 influ5ces ( ,jean ,c\s91 ,franois ,cl\et1 #ach2 ,*>les le ,brun1 #aci2 ,b]n9i1 ,borrom9i1 #adj2 ! ,revolution1 #adc2 introduction ( ,italian fea!r-fans1 #add2 fold$ fans1 #ade2 dc\p fans1 #adf2 importance ( ! indu/ry1 #adf2 con/itution ( a corporate body ( fanmak]s "u ,l\is ,,xiv41 #adf2 prices obta9$ 9 #agec1 #adg2 pa9t+ & its influ5ce dur+ ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xiii41 #aej2 ,p>is fan-%ops1 #aea2 introduction ( ,spani% fa%ions1 #aeb2 reign ( ! ,gr& ,mon>que1 #aed2 lacqu]+1 #aef1 #aeg1 #aeh2 ,v]nis ,m>t91 #aeh2 classical influ5ce1 #afc2 #8cabriolet' fans1 #afd2 relapse ( ! indu/ry1 #afe2 ,h&el & ,gluck1 #aff2 cu/om ( pres5t+ w$d+ fans1 #afg2 influ5ce ( ! ,directoire & ,empire p]iods1 #agj2 /raw & spangles1 #agb2 gauze or net1 #agb2 lorgnette or op]a-glass fan1 #agb2 r$uction 9 size1 #agd4 ,,engli%4-- ,e>ly use ( ! fold$ fan1 #agf2 plum$ fan1 #agf2 dc\p1 #agh2 gigantic gre5-%ad+ fans1 #agi2 influ5ce ( ! trade ) ,india1 #agi2 importation ( ,italian fan m\nts1 #agi2 e>lie/ fans1 #ahj2 m>riage fans ( ,*>les ,,ii41 #ahj2 *>t] ( incorporation grant$ by ,que5 ,anne1 #aha2 fan mak]s' petition to ,p>liam5t dem&+ prohibition ( importation ( fans f ,india1 ,*9a1 & ! ,ea/1 #ahb2 tax ^u wood5- & fea!r-fans1 #ahb2 importation ( fea!r-fans =bidd51 #ahb1 #ahd2 disputes betwe5 ,fanmak]s' ,company & j\rneym51 #ahb2 ext5t ( ! indu/ry & adv]se conditions 9 ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 #ahb2 tea-m]*ants z deal]s 9 import$ fans1 #ahc2 pr9cipal enactm5ts regulat+ importations1 #ahd2 ,london fan-%ops1 #ahg2 l>ge fans1 #ahg2 selection ( p>tn]s at danc+ assemblies1 #ahi2 influ5ce ( peace betwe5 ,au/ria & ,france1 #aij2 spangles1 #aia2 ivory bris1 #aid2 ,w$gwood1 #aid2 ,napoleonic w>s1 #aie4 ,,dut*4-- ,e>ly uses1 #aig2 m\nts1 #aig2 hi/orical or fanciful subjects1 #aih2 influ5ce ( ,france1 ,italy1 & ,*9a on ! treatm5t ( ! m\nt1 #aih2 ,flemi%1 #aii2 v>ni%1 #bjj2 ivory bris1 #bjj2 horn1 #bja2 small decorat$ spangl$1 #bja2 /icks1 #bjb4 ,,g]man4-- ,m$allion1 #bjc2 lace or net1 #bjc2 eighte5? c5tury ! era ( ! fan1 #bjc4 ,pallis]1 ,mrs4 ,bury1 #bia4 ,palm fans1 #b1 #db1 #dc2 lat]al1 #dc1 #gh2 natural #gg2 ,talipot1 #gh2 ,palmyra1 #gh4 ,pankh1 #dj1 #da1 #de1 #gh4 ,papp]itz1 ,georg1 #bhd4 ,p>*m5t f5s1 #hg4 ,p>is1 ,madame la ,comtesse de1 #bjc4 ,p>kman1 ,francis1 #hc1 note4 ,pasqui]1 ti5ne1 #aae1 #afj4 ,patt]n fans1 ,etruscan1 #cj4 ,pausanias1 #bc1 #bd1 note4 #8,peace ( ,aix-la-,*apelle1' #aij4 ,peacock3 #cj1 #ca1 #ci2 ,greek1 #bi1 #cj2 ,roman1 #ca1 #hg2 emblem1 #ci1 #dd2 ,india1 #dj2 quills1 #db2 ,*9a1 #df1 #dg2 fea!rs1 #ea1 #hg1 #hi2 ,musci-fugium1 #ic2 plumes (1 #aja4 ,p]rot & ,*ipiez1 #bb1 #bd4 ,p]sians1 v5tilat+ fan1 #be2 fan cre/1 #bg4 ,petit1 d\>d1 #aba1 note4 ,petrie1 ,pr(4 ,w4 ,m4 ,fl9d]s1 #ae4 ,pheasant1 #df2 ,argus1 #ed4 ,philib]t1 ,/41 #ij4 ,philippe le ,bel1 #aif4 ,phnicians1 #bg4 ,phnix1 #ea1 #ef4 ,phr1 sacr$ b>que (1 #ae4 #8,piazza ( ,/4 ,m>k1 ,v5ice1' #abe4 ,pi*>d1 le ,sieur1 #add4 ,pictorial art1 #ada4 ,piis1 ,augu/9 de1 #b4 ,p9*beck1 ,jona?an1 #bce1 #bcf1 #bcg1 #bch1 #bdc1 #beh1 #bei1 #bfc1 #bfd4 ,piqu "w1 #aag2 employm5t (1 #aai4 ,plautus1 flabellif]1 #ca4 ,pleat$ fans1 vide ,fold$ fans4 ,pl9y1 sacrifices ( ,cyr5ians1 #bc4 ,poggi1 #aib1 #aic4 ,poigey1 ,dr41 #add4 ,poll51 ,mrs4 ,hung]=d1 #aie4 #8,pompad\r' fan1 #aff4 ,pompad\r1 ,m>quise de1 #abb4 ,ponsonby1 ,lady1 #abd4 ,pope1 quotation1 #agd1 note1 #agi4 ,popel91 ,claudius1 #bha4 ,popul> resorts1 fans (1 #bef1 #beh1 #bei1 #bfj1 #bfa1 #bfb4 ,portraits1 fans appe>+ 93 ,que5 ,elizabe?1 ,anne ( ,d5m>k1 ,pr9cess ,elizabe?1 wife ( ,john ,p51 ,esq41 ,seba/ian del ,piombo1 #ajd2 ,m>ia ,giuseppa1 ,ar*du*ess ( ,au/ria2 ,m>ia ,c>d9a1 ,que5 ( ,naples2 ,que5 ,m>ia ,cri/9a di ,borbone2 ,que5 ,m>ia ,l\isa1 #abi4 ,portugal1 #ajj1 #ajg4 ,p\ssigle1 ,a*ille1 #bhe4 ,pres5t-day fans1 vide ,mod]n fans4 #8,pr9ce ( ,wales & ,mrs4 ,fitzh]b]t1' #aie4 ,pr9ce ( ,wales 7,k+ ,edw>d ,,vii471 #cd4 ---- 7,k+ ,george ,,iv471 #aie4 ,pr9t$ fans1 #bfi4 ,processional fans1 ,egyptian1 #ad1 #ae1 #af1 #ag2 ,india1 #db4 #8,prom5ade1 !1' #aei4 ,prop]tius1 flabella1 #ca1 #cb4 ,pr\ille1 ,mona/]y (1 #ia4 ,rama1 #ci4 ,ramb]t1 ,c41 #bhj4 ,rameses ,,xii41 temple (1 #ae4 #8,rape ( ,hel51' #aeh4 ,raphael1 #abc4 ,ratisbon1 #ce4 ,rawl9son1 ,sir ,h5ry1 #bb1 note4 #8,reason = ! ,motion1' #bdc4 ,r$grave1 ,s41 #acb1 note1 #aej1 #bjj1 #bgf4 ,ref]5ces ( ! fan 9 ,holy ,writ1 #aj1 #aa1 #bb4 ,regi/rum ,r(f1 #ib1 note4 ,reiset1 ,frdric1 #agd4 ,rmusat1 ,abel1 #eg1 note4 ,rev]sible or d\ble fan1 #abj1 #aba4 ,rheims1 #ic4 ,riant1 ,madame1 #aeh4 ,ri*elieu1 ,duc de1 #adi4 ,riegl1 ,alois1 #be4 ,rie/]1 #bgh4 ,rikiu ogi1 #gc4 ,riley1 ,h5ry ,?omas1 #ie1 note4 #8,r9aldo 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,armida1' #aff1 #aii4 ,robespi]re1 #bbf4 ,rob9son1 ,sir ,john1 #ahj4 ---- ,s>ah1 #ahj4 ,rodney1 ,admiral1 #bde4 ,roll-up fans1 #gd4 ,romanelli1 ,f41 #abb4 ,rondot1 ,natalis1 #di1 #eb1 note1 #ec1 #bgb1 #bgc1 #bge1 #bgg4 ,roqueplan1 ,camille1 #bgh4 ,ros5b]g1 ,g4 ,j41 #ii1 #abb1 #aed1 #aeh1 #bhd1 #bia4 ,ro?s*ild1 ,leopold de1 #aei1 #bgc4 ---- ,b>oness ,mey] de1 #aib4 ---- ,b>oness ,salomon de1 #dc4 ,r\51 #ic4 ,r\sseau1 #bbg4 ---- ,philippe1 #bgh4 ,royal ,family1 fans (1 #bde1 #bdf1 #bdg4 ,rub5s1 #aig4 ,ru% or grass fans1 #gg1 #gi1 #hc4 ,ruspae1 ,bi%op (1 #ih4 ,rutl+]1 ,j41 #ajd4 ,rutz1 ,gasp>1 #h1 note4 #8,/4,pet]'s1 ,rome1' #abe4 ,sala1 ,george ,augu/us1 #b1 #aij1 #bih4 ,salt+ collection1 #ia1 #aje4 ,salwey1 ,mrs41 #fe1 note1 #gc1 #gd1 note1 #gf1 note4 ,san*i1 ,tope1 #cd4 ,s&alwood1 #ec1 #ee1 #eg1 #eh4 ,s&wi* ,isl&s1 #gi4 #8,sans ,gne1' #agb4 ,s>g5t1 #bae4 ,sayiban1 or sun-fan1 #cf1 note4 ,scalig]1 #bd4 ,sc5t$ wood1 #abh4 ,s*nleb]1 ,pr(4 ,gu/av1 #bhd4 ,s*ools ( ,japanese pa9t+1 #fe1 #ff1 #fg4 ,s*reib] collection1 ,briti% ,museum1 #f2 #8,aurora' ( ,guido1 #abc2 #8,c>r\sel at ,madrid1' #abi2 ,surr5d] ( ,m9orca1 #aghb1 #acc2 #8,gr& ,mon>que1' #aed1 #aee2 ,tea-m]*ant's trade c>d1 #ahc2 ,g\py's fan m\nt1 #ahe2 ,lionel ,cu/'s lett]1 #aic2 ,loire's #8,desse9s de gr&s v5tails1' #bjf2 #8,biagg9i's ,air ,balloon1' #bad2 ,fig>o fans1 #baf2 #8,duc d',orlans z ,sponsor1' #bah2 #8,nic>agua ,canal1' #bcj2 #8,h>lot's ,progress1' #bci2 #8,admiral ,rodney1' #bde2 ,royal visit to ,royal ,academy1 #bdf2 #8,m>riage ( ,pr9ce ( ,wales' 7,george ,,iv471 #bdg2 op]a fan1 #bfb2 wid[hood1 #bfh2 #8,asc5t ( ,mont ,blanc1' #bgf2 ,madame ,biss*op's fan1 #bha4 ,s*reib]1 ,lady ,*>lotte1 #aic1 #bje1 #bdd1 #bei1 #bfh1 #bha4 ,scre5s1 pe>-%ap$1 #dh1 #fa2 :ite jade1 #ej2 h&1 #ej1 #ea1 #ge2 /raw h&1 #aie2 engrav$ h&1 #bjd1 #bag2 circul>1 #ej1 #ea1 #ec1 #fa1 #fi2 cockade1 #ea2 c]emonial bann]1 #ea1 #fa2 rigid1 #fa1 #fb1 #fi1 #abg2 silk1 #fa2 palm1 #ge2 l>ge r\nd1 #abg2 *9ese fea!r1 #bhh2 ,que5 ,anne1 #bhh4 ,selig]1 ,max1 #bhd4 ,s5efeld]1 ,aloys1 #bga4 ,s5-no ,rikiu1 #gd4 ,septvans1 ,sir ,rob]t de1 arms (1 #aa4 ,s]aphim1 #hh4 ,ssata1 ,c+alese1 #cg4 ,ses%iu s*ool1 ,japan1 #fb1 #fe1 #ff4 ,svign1 ,madame de1 #aed1 #aei4 ,sewell1 ,colonel1 #ahc4 ,%akespe>e1 quotation1 #h1 #i1 #aa1 note1 #ai1 #aja1 #agf4 ,%aku1 #fd1 #fe4 #8,%eba1 ,que5 (1' fan1 #acc4 ,%unsui1 #ga4 ,silk1 #eg1 #ga1 #ge4 ,silv]-h&l$ fans1 #aja1 #ajc4 ,sk9 fans1 *ick51 #bfh2 asses'1 #bgc4 ,smi?1 ,diction>y ( ,greek & ,roman ,antiquities1 #ab1 note2 ,diction>y ( ,*ri/ian ,antiquities1 #hh1 note4 ---- ,alb]t1 ,asc5t ( ,mont ,blanc1 #bgf4 ---- ,w4 ,h>d+1 #gj4 ,sold1 ,a41 #bgg1 #bhh4 ,solomon ,isl&s1 #gi4 ,somm]&1 ,du1 #ia4 ,s\?-,ea/]n ,pacific1 #hd4 ,spani% lady1 managem5t ( ! fan1 #d4 ,spatula1 #hj4 ,speak+ or conv]sation fan1 #bec4 ,spe>-%ap$ fans1 #gh4 ,spectator1 #d1 #ahg1 #ahi4 ,spi]s1 ,r4 ,ph51 #gf4 ,/anhope1 ,"l1 #bbi4 ,/atutes regulat+ ! fan indu/ry1 #adf4 ,/eele1 ,tatl]1 #e-f1 #agi1 #ahg4 ,/iletto1 ,italian1 #eh4 #8,/orm+ ( ! ,ba/ille1' #bai1 #bbj1 #bba4 ,/['s ,*ronicle1 #ec4 ,/range1 ,sir ,rob]t1 #bdc4 ,/rickl&1 ,agnes1 quotation1 #agi4 ,/rogon(f collection1 #be4 #8,/u>t1 ,a!nian1' #ahe4 ,sudan1 ,we/]n1 #hd4 ,sim goddess1 #gd4 #8,surr5d] ( ,malta1' #aie4 #8,surr5d] ( ,m9orca' #acc4 ,su!rl&1 ,duke (1 #aie4 ,suye hiro ogi 7wide end71 #fc4 #8,swanne d[ne1' #ajb4 ,swift1 ,dean1 #bfc4 ,sw++-fans1 #be4 ,sydney1 ,sir ,rob]t1 #ajc4 ,tabell1 ,roman1 #cb1 #ea4 ,tadahira1 #fe4 ,tahiti1 #he4 ,taira1 #fi1 #gb4 ,tai%91 #gd1 #ge4 ,tajima1 #h1 #fi4 ,talc1 #dd4 ,talli51 ,madame1 #aga4 ,tanagra figures1 #bi4 ,tanjore1 #dd4 ,taoi/ ,g5ii1 #dg1 #fa1 #fg4 ,tasso1 ,torquato1 leg5d>y acc\nt (1 #aac4 ,tatl]1 ,john ,hughes1 #ahi4 ---- ,/eele1 #e1 #f1 #agi1 #ahg4 ,tea c]emony1 ,*9a1 #eg2 ,japan1 #gd4 ,tea fans1 #gd4 ,t]5ce 7,eunu*us71 quotation1 #ca4 ,te/am5t du ,l\is ,,xvi41 #bbd4 ,tte--tte fan1 #bed4 ,!odol9da1 ,que51 #ie1 #ig4 ,?iac1 ,m4 de1 #afi4 ,?omas1 ,felix1 #bd4 ,?ornbury1 ,walt]1 #adb4 #8,toilette de ,madame la ,m>quise de ,montespan1' #aei4 ,tomk9son1 ,m41 #ef1 #ge4 ,tonga ,isl&s1 #he4 ,too? relic ( ,buddha1 #dc1 note4 ,topical fans1 #bjf4 ,topographical fans1 #aia4 ,tortoise-%ell1 #ec1 #ed1 #eg1 #eh1 #gd1 #aai4 #acb4 ,t\rnus1 #hi1 #if1 #ig4 ,trevelyan1 ,sir ,w4 ,c41 ,b>t1 #he4 ,trves1 ,gospel (1 #ic4 #8,trial ( ,w>r5 ,ha/+s1' #bdg4 #8,trips to ,gretna1' #bfg4 #8,triumph ( ,alex&]' 7aft] ,le ,brun71 #abc4 #8,triumph ( ,amphitrite1' #ahj4 #8,triumph ( ,bac*us1' by ,a4 ,c>racci1 #ahj4 #8,triumph ( ,mordecai1' #abc4 ,tsun5ori1 #fe4 ,tsunetaka1 #ff4 ,turtle-%ell1 #ej4 ,ukiyoy s*ool1 #ff4 ,ulfda1 #ig4 ,ulrica1 ,l\isa1 #aec4 ,umbrella1 importance & significance (1 9 ! ,ea/1 #cc-cf2 9 ,bac*ic processions1 #cf2 9 e>ly ,p]sian reliefs1 #ce2 =m-connection betwe5 fan & umbrella #cf2 ,c+alese1 #cf4 ,uses ( ! fan1 #c-i1 #fj4 ,uzanne1 ,m41 #b1 #bg1 #bgc1 #bhe4 ,vaillant1 #bgh4 ,valmiki1 #ci4 ,v&yke1 #aig4 ,van ,loon1 #aig4 ,vannus1 #aj1 #aa4 ,v>ni%1 #aef1 #aeg4 ,vasco da ,gama1 exp$itions (1 #ajg4 ,vatican1 #ic4 ,vecellio1 #ajg1 #aji1 #aac1 #abg1 #adg1 #aif4 ,velasquez1 #abh4 #8,v5tosus1' #ahg4 #8,v5us & ,adonis1' #abc4 ,v]net1 ,c>l1 #bbg4 ,v]net1 ,horace1 #bge4 #8,v]nis ,m>t91' #abe1 #afh1 #afa1 #bjj4 ,v]non1 ,admiral1 #bdj1 #bda4 ,vib]t1 #bge4 ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum1 #dg1 #gd1 #hc1ia1 #aab1 #aif1 #bha1 #bhb4 ,victoria1 ,que51 #aei1 #aih1 #bjb1 #bjc1 #bgg1 #bgi1 #bhb1 #bhc4 ,viollet-le-,duc1 ,m41 #ajh4 ,virgil1 my/ical fan ( ,bac*us1 #aa2 ,eclogues1 #ia4 ,vois91 ,m41 #afa4 ,voltaire1 #aef2 quotation1 #aeg4 ,voorde1 ,aloys van de1 #bgh4 ,v\et1 ,simon1 #aci4 ,waddell1 ,dr41 #cd4 ,wagn] fans1 #bhf4 ,wales1 ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess (1 #aff1 #bhi1 #bij4 ---- ,h4,r4,h4 ,pr9cess ,maude (1 #bib4 ,walk]1 ,rob]t1 #aee1 #aha4 ,walk] sale1 #ahhb1 #afc1 #afh1 #ahj1 #aij1 #aia1 #aic1 #aie1 #aii1 #bdd1 #bei4 ,wallace collection1 #abe4 ,walpole1 ,horace1 quotation1 #afd1 #bae1 #bda4 ---- ,sir ,rob]t1 #bcc4 ,w> caus$ by a fan1 #bgc4 ,w> fans1 #gj1 #ga1 #gb4 ,wat] fans1 #fb1 #gd4 ,watteau1 #ada1 #add1 #aei4 ,watti]1 #bgh1 #bhj4 ,w$d+ fans1 #acb1 #acc1 #bgg4 ,we/1 ,m41 #aic4 ,we/ ,africa1 #hc4 ,we/1 ,b5jam91 #abc4 ,we/m9/] ,j\rnal1 quotation1 #ahb4 ,:yte1 ,r[l&1 #ajc4 ,wide end 7,suye hiro ogi71 #fc4 ,wid[hood fans1 #bfg4 ,wilk9son1 ,sir ,j4 ,g>dn]1 #aa1 note4 ,william ,,iv41 #aff4 ,wilson1 ,g41 #bfe1 #bff4 ,w9dsor ,ca/le collection1 #aei4 ,w9n[+-fan1 #aj1 #aa1 #ac4 ,wolfe1 ,g5]al1 #bdd4 ,woodcock fea!r-fan1 #bhi4 ,wood5-fans1 ,*9a1 #eb4 ,wright1 ,h5ry ,smi?1 #afd4 ,wyatt collection1 #ec1 #ed2 ,*9ese fan1 #ee2 filigree & enamel1 #ef2 /ick ( ,italian fold+-fan1 #aag2 bris fan1 #aai2 m9uet fan1 #abj2 ,v5us & ,adonis1 #abc2 ,neapolitan fan1 #abd2 ,que5 ( ,%eba1 #acc2 m>riage ( ! ,dauph9 ) ,m>ie-,anto9ette1 #afg2 pap] m\nt1 #aij2 m\rn+-fan1 #aid2 ,cosway's m$allion fan1 #aie2 ,dut* m\nts1 #aih1 #aii2 ,dut* ivory bris fan1 #bjj2 sk9 fan1 #bfh2 ,fr5* pa9t$ m$allion1 #bfi4 ,wyatt1 ,sir ,m4 ,digby1 #adj1 #bih4 ,yak1 #cb4 ,yamato-,tosa s*ool1 #gf4 ,yonge1 ,*>lotte1 fan (1 #bgc4 ,yo%itsune1 #gb4 ,zimm]n1 ,hel51 #h1 note4 ,zu*>o1 ,f41 #ajd4 ,illu/ration ,,ed9burgh ,t4 & ,a4 ,,con/able ,pr9t]s to ,8 ,maje/y ,,mcmx