,illu/ration3 ,h4,m4,s4 ,agamemnon ent]+ ,val5tia ,bay ) fir/ ,atlantic ,cable4 ,frontispiece4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,atlantic ,,cable ,,by ,,*>les ,,bright ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,e41 ,a4 ,m4 ,,in/4 ,c4 ,e41 ,m4 ,i4 ,e4 ,e4 ,,au?or ,,( ,,subm>9e ,,telegraphs1 ,,sci5ce ,,& ,,eng9e]+ ,,dur+ ,,! ,,victorian ,,era1 ,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,,! ,,electric ,,telegraph1 #ahcg-ahig1 ,,! ,,life ,,/ory ,,( ,,sir ,,*>les ,,til/on ,,bright ,,) ,,fifty-,,f\r ,,illu/rations ,,new ,,york ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company #aijc ,,copyright1 #aijc1 ,,by ,d4 ,,appleton ,,& ,,company ,publi%$ ,novemb]1 #aijc ,,prefatory ,,note ,! jubilee ( ,subm>9e ,telegraphy hav+ lately be5 a*iev$1 & t connect$ ) ! ,atlantic cable be+ some:at close at h&1 x has be5 ?\ght a suitable mom5t = ! appe>ance ( ?is little volume4 ,9 ^! days :5 ! sub/itution ( subm>9e cables by wireless telegraphy sy/ems is a subject ( common talk1 x may be well to pause = a mom5t & contemplate ! p]iod ( "t cov]$ by ! gradual evolution ( old & exi/+ me?ods :i* at l5g? a*iev$ ! result we n[ enjoy--a practical comm]cial telegraphic sy/em betwe5 all ! nations ( ! _w1 & notably betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom & ,am]ica4 ,by a some:at curi\s co9cid5ce ! eng9e] ( ! fir/ ,atlantic cable accompli%$ 8 a*ievem5t at practically ! same y\?ful age 7tw5ty-six7 z ,mr4 ,m>coni :5 fir/ transmitt+ signals across ! ,atlantic )\t any int]v5+ wires4 ,c4 ,b4 #ba ,,old ,,que5 ,,/reet1 ,,we/m9/]1 ,s4 ,w41 ,octob]1 #aijc4 ,,cont5ts ,,"p ,i ,,page ,,introductory #ac ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,pione] ,,l9e ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,evolution ,,( ,,atlantic ,,telegraphy ,,9 ,,am]ica ,,& ,,engl& #bg ,,ii4 ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,! ,,l9e #df ,,iii4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,/>t #fa ,,iv4 ,,prep>ations ,,= ,,ano!r ,,attempt #gd ,v4 ,,! ,,trial ,,trip #hd ,,vi4 ,,! ,,/orm #hi ,,vii4 ,,! ,,r5ew$ ,,ef=t #aje ,,viii4 ,,f9is ,,coronat ,,opus #aae ,,ix4 ,,! ,,celebration #acg ,x4 ,,work+ ,,! ,,l9e #add ,,xi4 ,,! ,,inque/ #aee ,,"p ,,iii ,,int]m$iate ,,k ,,& ,,advance ,,xii4 ,,o!r ,,propos$ ,,r\tes #afa ,,xiii4 ,,exp]i5ce1 ,,inve/igation1 ,,& ,,progress #afi ,,"p ,,iv ,,comm]cial ,,success ,,xiv4 ,,! #ahfe ,,cable ,,& ,,exp$ition #agg ,,xv4 ,,second ,,& ,,successful ,,attempt #ahh ,,xvi4 ,,recov]y ,,& ,,completion ,,( ,,! #ahfe ,,cable #aig ,,xvii4 ,,jubilations #bjh ,,xviii4 ,,subsequ5t ,,atlantic ,,l9es #bab ,,xix4 ,,atlantic ,,cable ,,sy/ems ,,( ,,to-,,day #bai ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,h4,m4,s4 ,agamemnon ent]+ ,val5tia ,bay ) fir/ ,atlantic ,cable ,frontispiece ,,fig4 ,,page #a4 ,newf\ndl& ,telegraph ,/ation1 #ahee #bi #b4 ,! ,brooke ,s\nd] #cb #c4 ,specim5 ( ! ,ocean ,b$ #cd #d4 ,john ,watk9s ,brett1 ,*>les ,til/on ,bright1 ,cyrus ,we/ ,field--,projectors #ch #e4 ,manufacture ( ! ,core #di #f4 ,s]v+ ! ,core ) ,hemp-,y>n #ej #g4 ,apply+ ! ,iron ,%ea?+ #ea #h4 ,! ,deep-,sea ,cable #eb #i4 ,! ,%ore-,end ,cable #eb #aj4 ,coil+ ! ,f9i%$ ,cable into ! ,factory ,tanks #ed #aa4 ,u4,s4,n4,s4 ,niag>a #ee #ab4 ,! ,pay+-out ,ma*9e1 #aheg #eg #ac4 ,coil+ ! ,cable on ,bo>d #eh #ad4 ,l&+ ! ,iri% ,end ( ! ,cable #fc #ae4 ,re%ipm5t ( ! ,cable abo>d ,h4,m4,s4 ,agamemnon & ,u4,s4,n4,s4 ,niag>a 9 ,keyham ,bas9 #ge #af4 ,! ,self-,releas+ ,brake #gg #ag4 ,! ,pr9ciple ( ! ,brake #gh #ah4 ,bright's ,pay+-out ,ge>1 #aheh #hj #ai4 ,! ,reflect+ ,magnet #hb #bj4 ,reflect+ ,galvanomet] & ,speak] #hc #ba4 ,pr9ciple ( ! ,reflect+ ,in/rum5t #hc #bb4 ,deck ( ,h4,m4,s4 ,agamemnon ) ,pay+-out ,app>atus #hd #bc4 ,/[age ( ! ,cable ,coil on ! ,niag>a #he #bd4 ,! ,load+ ( ! ,agamemnon #he #be4 ,exp]im5tal ,maneuv]s 9 ! ,bay ( ,biscay #hh #bf4 ,h4,m4,s4 ,agamemnon 9 a ,/orm #if #bg4 ,! ,agamemnon ,/orm3 ,coals ,adrift #ajc #bh4 ,9 ,collision ) a ,:ale :ile ,cable-,lay+ #abc #bi4 ,l&+ ! ,am]ican ,end #acc #cj4 ,newf\ndl& ,telegraph ,/ation1 #aheh #ace #ca4 ,facsimile ( ! ,fir/ ,public ,news ,message ,receiv$ ?r\gh ! ,atlantic ,cable #aej #cb4 ,! ,nor? ,atlantic ,telegraph ,project1 #ahfj #afb #cc4 ,! ,nor? ,atlantic ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 #ahfj #afg #cd4 ,! ,ma9 ,cable1 #ahfe-'ff #ahj #ce4 ,! ,great ,ea/]n at ,sea #ahc #cf4 ,cable & ,ma*9]y abo>d ,s4,s4 ,great ,ea/]n #ahe #cg4 ,! ,pick+-up ,ma*9e1 #ahff #aia #ch4 ,buoys1 ,grapnels1 ,mu%rooms--& ,m5 #aic #ci4 ,f\l 9 ,tank :ile ,pay+-out #aif #dj4 ,s4,s4 ,great ,ea/]n ,complet+ ! ,second ,atlantic ,cable #aii #da4 ,diagram ,illu/rative ( ! ,f9al ,tactics ,adopt$ = ,pick+ up ! #ahfe ,cable #bjc #db4 ,s4,s4 ,great ,ea/]n ) #ahfe ,cable at ,b[s #bje #dc4 ,anglo-,am]ican ,atlantic ,cable 7#ahid73 deep-sea type #bag #dd4 ,%ore-,end ( ! #ahid ,anglo ,cable #bag #de4 ,atlantic ,cable ,sy/ems1 #aijc #bba ,,"p ,i ,,introductory ,! ,electric ,telegraph--,fir/ ,l& ,telegraphs--,fir/ ,subm>9e ,cables3 ,dov] to ,calais1 #ahej-'ea--,o!r ,e>ly ,cables3 ,engl& to ,irel&1 #ahec1 etc4 ,! ,electric ,telegraph4--,! advances made 9 electric sci5ce are s bold & rapid t our /ill comp>ative ignorance ( ! precise nature ( electricity mu/ always seem /range4 ,we are n1 h[ev]1 "h directly conc]n$ ) electricity z a physical sci5ce1 b r ) its practical applications to ! /ill pres5t sy/em ( telegraphy1 by way ( introduction to ! gradual developm5t ( ,trans-,atlantic telegraphy4 ,! electric telegraph1 toge!r ) ! railway-tra9 & ! /eam%ip1 con/itute ! ?ree mo/ conspicu\s features ( latt]-day civilization4 ,inde$1 x may be truly said t ! h>ness+ ( ?is =ce ( nature 7electricity7 to ! s]vice ( man = human int]c\rse has effect$ a *ange 9 political1 comm]cial1 & social relations1 ev5 m complete ?an t wr\ght by /eam locomotion4 ,l its fell[ emblems1 ! telegraph 0 ! outcome ( _m ye>s ( p]sev]+ ef=t on ! "p ( num]\s sci5tific inve/igators & inv5tors2 l !m also1 x 0 p]fect$ = practical use on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic by m5 ( our own race & spee*1 su* z ,cooke1 ,:eat/one1 & ,morse4 ,! ,fir/ ,l& ,telegraphs4--,! fir/ practical telegraph-l9e 9 ! _w--namely1 t on ! ,great ,we/]n ,railway f ,padd+ton to ,we/ ,drayton1 %ortly aft]w>d ext5d$ to ,sl\gh--0 )9 ! ye> ( ,que5 ,victoria's accession to ! ?rone1 & 9 ! same ye> z ! fir/ trunk l9e ( railway & ! fir/ ocean /eam]4#a ,improvem5ts & novelties 9 telegraphic in/rum5ts 7 rapidly made by inv5tors f all ! civiliz$ nations--e4 g41 ,morse1 ,vail1 & ,h5ry 9 ,am]ica2 ,breguet 9 ,france2 ,/e9heil & ,siem5s ,halske 9 ,g]many2 & ,s*ill+ 9 ,russia2 besides ,alex&] ,ba91 ,bright1 & ,hughes 9 ,engl&4 ,comm]cial int]e/s 7 soon =m$ to "w ! new inv5tion1 & 9 ,engl& ! ,electric & ,int]national ,telegraph ,company1 ! ,briti% & ,iri% ,magnetic ,telegraph ,company1 & o!r l>ge conc]ns 7 ! means ( e/abli%+ telegraphic communication ?r\gh\t ! k+dom--only to be absorb$ by ,gov]nm5t lat] on4 ,our !me does n include--ev5 9 ! c\rse ( introduction--a /udy ( ! developm5t ( l& telegraphy4 ,! app>atus & me?ods employ$ are1 to a great ext5t1 entirely diff]5t2 inde$1 ! only po9t 9 common betwe5 ! c>d9al pr9ciples & subm>9e telegraphy is t electricity1 z g5]at$ by a voltaic batt]y1 is ! common ag5t1 & consequ5tly ! metal conduct+-wire is employ$ 9 bo?4#b ,b 9 subaque\s 7z well z 9 subt]ranean7 telegraphy ! poles & porcela9 insulators require to be sub/itut$ by an insulat+ cov]+ r\nd ! entire conductor2 & ! po9t ( contact 9 practise betwe5 l& & m>9e telegraphy is really1 !re=e1 9 ! matt] ( insulation = subt]ranean or subaque\s wires4 ,fir/ ,subm>9e ,cables4--,a ,spani>d nam$ ,salva appe>s to h sugge/$ ! feasibility ( subm>9e telegraphy z f> back z #agie1 & 9 #ahaa ,somm]+ & ,s*ill+ conduct$ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 m or less practical1 :5 a soluble mat]ial--said to h be5 india-rubb]--0 fir/ us$ = insulat+ ! wire4 ,b ! e>lie/ records ( practical telegraphy "u wat] ( :i* !re are any p>ticul>s relate to ! exp]im5ts conduct$ by ,dr4 ,o',%aughnessy 7aft]w>d ,sir ,william ,o',%aughnessy ,brooke1 ,f4,r4,s47 across ! ,riv] ,hugli on behalf ( ! ,ea/ ,indian ,company 9 #ahch4c ,ref]r+ to 8 practical rese>*es a little lat]1 ,o',%aughnessy rem>k$3 ,insulation1 accord+ to my exp]im5ts1 is be/ accompli%$ by enclos+ ! wire 7previ\sly pit*$7 9 a split rattan1 & !n pay+ ! rattan r\nd ) t>r$ y>n2 or ! wire may--z 9 "s exp]im5ts by ,colonel ,pasley1 ,r4,e41 at ,*a?am--be surr\nd$ by /r&s ( t>r$ rope1 & ?is by pit*$ y>n4 ,an insulat$ rope ( ?is k9d may be spread across a wet field--nay1 ev5 l$ ?r\gh a riv]--& w /ill conduct ! electrical signals1 )\t any appreciable loss4 ,9 #ahdj ,pr(essor ,:eat/one 7aft]w>d ,sir ,*>les ,:eat/one1 ,f4,r4,s47 expla9$ to a committee ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons ! me?ods by :i* he ?\ght x possible to e/abli% telegraphic communication betwe5 ,dov] & ,calais4 ,he appe>s to h be5 unaw>e ( ! prior exp]im5ts j allud$ to1 = 8 sy/em ( insulation1 ?\gh m fully develop$1 0 practically ! same4 ,pr(4 ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,morse1 ! well-kn[n inv5tor ( ! telegraph app>atus be>+ 8 "n1 also made a /udy ( ?is problem 9 #ahdb1 :5 he laid d[n an insulat$ copp] wire across ,new ,york h>bor1 ?r\gh :i* he transmitt$ electric curr5ts4 ,hemp soak$ 9 t> & pit*1 surr\nd$ ) a lay] ( india-rubb]1 con/itut$ ! insulation4 ,morse 0 a great lett]-writ]1 & records ( 8 e>ly "w are solely bas$ on 8 own /atem5ts at a "t :5 he not$ 9 8 di>y3 ,i am cru%$ = want ( means4 ,my /ock+s all want to see my "m1 & my hat is ho>y ) age4 ,9 #ahde ,ezra ,cornell1 :o 0 aft]w>d ! f\nd] ( ,cornell ,univ]sity1 laid a cable1 twelve miles long1 to connect ,=t ,lee ) ,new ,york1 9 ! ,hudson ,riv]4 ,! cable consi/$ ( two cotton-cov]$ copp] wires1 insulat$ ) india-rubb]1 & enclos$ 9 a lead5 pipe4 ,x work$ well = sev]al mon?s1 b 0 brok5 by ice 9 #ahdf4 ,9 t ye> ,mr4 ,*>les ,we/ paid out by h& an india-rubb] insulat$ wire 9 ,portsm\? h>bor1 ?r\gh :i* he signal$ f a boat to ! %ore4 ,! exp]im5t 0 int5d$ z ! =]unn] ( ! e/abli%m5t ( telegraphic communication betwe5 ,engl& & ,france1 b = want ( ! necess>y funds 0 n foll[$ up4 ,subaque\s1 or m>9e1 telegraphy ow$ its in/itution1 h[ev]1 to ! introduction ( gutta-p]*a1 = insulat+ purposes4 ,! late ,dr4 ,w]n] ,siem5s hav+ inv5t$ a ma*9e = apply+ gutta-p]*a to a wire--simil> 9 pr9ciple to ! ma*9e = mak+ mac>oni--consid]able l5g?s ( gutta-p]*a-cov]$ subt]ranean wires 7 laid 9 ,g]many & ,prussia betwe5 #ahdf & #ahdi2 & 9 #ahdi ,siem5s laid a gutta-p]*a insulat$ conductor 9 ! h>bor ( ,kiel :i* 0 us$ = fir+ m9es4 ,foll[+ ?is came ! ext5sive sy/em ( und]gr\nd l9es laid d[n 9 ,engl& = ! ,magnetic ,telegraph ,company by _! eng9e]1 ,mr4 7aft]w>d ,sir ,*>les7 ,bright1 9 accordance ) a pat5t ( 84 ,%ort l5g?s 7 also laid1 mo/ly ?r\gh tunnels1 by ! ,electric ,telegraph ,company a little lat]4 ,on ! #aj? day ( ,janu>y1 #ahdi1 ! late ,mr4 ,c4 ,v4 ,walk]1 ,f4,r4,s41 electrician to ! ,s\!a/]n ,railway1 laid a gutta-p]*a-cov]$ conductor1 two miles long1 9 ! ,engli% ,*annel4 ,! wire 0 coil$ on a drum on bo>d ! lay+ vessel1 f :i* x 0 paid out z ! vessel progress$4 ,/>t+ f ! bea* at ,folke/one1 ! l9e 0 jo9$ up to an a]ial wire1 #hc miles 9 l5g?1 along ! ,s\!a/]n ,railway1 & ,mr4 ,walk]1 on bo>d ! ,pr9cess ,clem5t9e1 succe$$ 9 ex*ang+ telegrams ) ,london4 ,on ! #bc;d ,july1 #ahde1 ! bro!rs ,jacob & ,john ,watk9s ,brett address$ !mselves to ,sir ,rob]t ,peel1 z ,prime ,m9i/] & ,fir/ ,"l ( ! ,treasury1 relative to a proposal ( !irs = e/abli%+ a g5]al sy/em ( telegraphic communication--oceanic & o!rwise4 ,!y 7 ref]r$ to ! ,admiralty1 ,=eign ,(fice1 etc41 & gradually became involv$ 9 a dep>tm5tal correspond5ce--m academic ?an useful--9 :i* !y 7 pass$ backw>d & =w>d f "o gov]nm5t (fice to ano!r4 ,aft] consid]able negotiations ) bo? gov]nm5ts conc]n$1 a concession 0 at la/ obta9$ by ! ,messrs4 ,brett1 & a company =m$ = in/itut+ telegraphy betwe5 ,engl& & ,france by means ( a l9e f ,dov] to ,calais4 ,tw5ty-five nautical miles ( ,no4 #ad copp] wire cov]$ ) #a_/b-;in* ?ickness ( gutta-p]*a 0 !n manufactur$1 ! electrician's tongue be+ ! only te/ appli$ to "s ( ! l5g?s4 ,! %ore ends = ab\t two miles f ea* t]m9us consi/$ ( a ,no4 #af ,b4,w4,g4#d conductor cov]$ ) cotton soak$ 9 india-rubb] solution1 ! :ole be+ incas$ 9 a v ?ick lead tube4 ,! re/ ( ! l9e 0 compos$ ( ! gutta-p]*a insulat$ wire above describ$1 ) #cj-p\nd lead5 weights fa/5$ to x at #ajj-y>d int]vals1#e ! lay+ vessel hav+ to be /opp$ ea* "t "o 0 put on4 ,! subm]sion ( ! l9e 0 successfully effect$1 b x only liv$ to speak a few m or less incoh]5t words--"o be+ a %ort complim5t>y communication to ,l\is ,napoleon ,bonap>te1 %ortly aft]w>d ,emp]or ( ! ,fr5*4 ,x subsequ5tly transpir$ t a ,b\logne fi%]man _h hook$ up ! l9e ) 8 trawl1 mi/ak+ x = a new k9d ( seawe$6 ,?is ent]prise excit$ little att5tion at ! "t4 ,x 01 9 fact1 reg>d$ z a mad freak & ev5 z a gigantic sw9dle4 ,:5 accompli%$1 ,! ,times rem>k$1 9 ! words ( ,%akespe>e1 ,! je/ ( ye/]day has become ! fact ( to-day2 & a few h\rs lat] x might ) equal tru? h be5 said t ! fact ( ye/]day has become ! je/ ( to-day6 ,! feasibility ( lay+ su* a l9e & ( transmitt+ electric signals across ! ,*annel _h1 h[ev]1 be5 prov$4 ,! signals obta9$ _h1 moreov]1 ! effect ( eradicat+ ! !n v preval5t belief t1 ev5 if ! l9e 7 successfully subm]g$1 ! curr5t w\ld become dissipat$ 9 ! wat]4#f ,x n[ rema9$ to f9d a satisfactory me?od ( protect+ ! insulat$ conductor f injury dur+ & aft] lay+4 ,! excell5ce ( ! insulat+ mat]ial 0 rec5tly te/ifi$ to :5 "s portions 7 recov]$4 ,?\gh ! above l9e 0 n1 practically speak+1 turn$ to any acc\nt1 x 0 by no means abortive1 = ! signals x _h convey$ 7 suffici5t to save ! concession1 :i* 0 r5ew$ by ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t on ,decemb] #ai1 #ahej4 ,b ! previ\s failure _h made capitali/s di/ru/ful2 & only "s weeks be=e ! expiration ( ! "t limit ! necess>y funds _h n be5 rais$4 ,dov]-,calais1 #ahej-'ea4--,! und]tak+ 0 sav$ by ! en]gy & tal5t ( "o man1 ,mr4 ,t4 ,r4 ,crampton1 an em95t railway eng9e]4 ,he rais$ ! necess>y capital 7#ae1jjj71 putt+ 8 own "n d[n = half ?is am\nt & be+ jo9$ by ,"l de ,mauley & ! late ,sir ,james ,c>mi*ael4 ,he 7,mr4 ,crampton7 also settl$ ! type ( cable to be laid--bas$ on ! iron pit-rope2 ?is1 9 "o =m or ano!r1 practically rema9s ! type ( to-day4 ,! cable conta9$ f\r copp] conduct+-wires ( ,no4 #af ,b4,w4,g41 ea* "o cov]$ ) two lay]s ( gutta-p]*a to ,no4 #a gage2 ^! f\r insulat$ conductors1 or cores1 7 laid toge!r & ! int]/ices fill$ up ) /r&s ( t>r$ ,russian hemp4 ,! out] cov]+ consi/$ ( t5 galvaniz$-iron wires ( ,no4 #a gage w\nd spirally r\nd ! bundle ( cores2 ?is armor 0 provid$ ) a view to protect+ ! insulat$ conductors f ! /ra9s & *af+ :i* _h s s]i\sly int]f]$ ) ! *ances ( ! previ\s l9e4 ,! complet$ cable weigh$ ab\t sev5 tons to ! mile4 ,x 0 coil$ into ! hold ( an old pontoon hulk1 :i* 0 !n tak5 9 t[ by two /eam]s4 ,a ?ird tug to /& by1 & a small man-(-w> /eam] to act z pilot1 accompani$ ! lay+ exp$ition4 ,! cable 0 l&$ at ! foot ( ! ,s\? ,=el& ligh?\se & paid out t[>d ,cape ,sangatte1 b ! wea!r 0 less favorable ?an on ! previ\s occasion2 moreov]1 ! weight ( ! cable--9 ! abs5ce ( effici5t hold+-back ge>--caus$ x to run out too rapidly1 not)/&+ ! slight dep? 7"s #cj fa?oms7 enc\nt]$4 ,add$ to ?is1 ! tugs drift$ ) ! w9d & tide4 ,?us :5 ! vessels arriv$ )9 ab\t a mile ( ! ,fr5* coa/ no m cable 0 left on bo>d1 & a fre% l5g? _h to be procur$ & splic$ on be=e ! l9e 0 complete4 ,?is cable prov$ a la/+ success3 x und]w5t num]\s & ext5sive repairs1 & x 0 only q rec5tly t its ab&onm5t took place4 ,o!r ,e>ly ,cables4--,! success ( ,crampton's l9e gave consid]able impetus to subm>9e telegraphy4 ,simil> ent]prises sprung up on all sides2 b _m failures occurr$ be=e ^! op]ations came to be reg>d$ z ord9>y indu/rial und]tak+s4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! foll[+ ye> 7#aheb7 ?ree unsuccessful attempts 7 made to e/abli% telegraphic communication betwe5 ,engl& & ,irel&4 ,9 ! fir/--betwe5 ,holyhead & ,h[?--! cable 0 n heavy en\gh to cont5d ) ! r\gh bottom1 & /rong curr5ts & di/urbances f an*ors exp]i5c$ 9 ^! wat]s2 b ?is und]tak+ is rem>kable z be+ ! only in/ance 9 :i* an ef=t 0 made to d )\t any int]m$iate s]v+ betwe5 ! insulat$ conductor & ! iron %ea?+4 ,9 ! second attempt--betwe5 ,port ,patrick 7,scotl&7 & ,donaghadee 7,irel&7--! cable consi/$ ( a c5tral copp] conductor cov]$ fir/ ) india-rubb]1 !n ) gutta-p]*a1 & !n hemp outside all4 ,?is cable1 be+ f> too light1 0 actually c>ri$ away by ! /rong tidal curr5ts & ev5 brok5 into pieces dur+ lay+4 ,9 ! ?ird endeavor1 betwe5 ! same two po9ts1 ! arrangem5ts = *eck+ ! cable :ile pay+ out be+ aga9 inadequate1 !re 0 n suffici5t to rea* ! f>!r %ore4 ,h[ev]1 9 #ahec1 a heavy cable1 weigh+ #g tons p] mile1 ) six conductors1 0 successfully laid = ! ,magnetic ,telegraph ,company by ! late ,sir ,*>les ,bright4#g ,?is 0 9 upw>d ( #ahj fa?oms--! deepe/ wat] 9 :i* a cable 0 laid = "s "t--& prov$ a p]man5t success1 =m+ ! fir/ e/abli%m5t ( telegraphic communication ) ,irel&4 ,only a ye> elaps$ be=e x became evid5t t ano!r cable 0 requir$ to meet ! traffic betwe5 ,engl& & ! ,cont95t1 & an additional l9e 0 laid f ,dov] to ,o/5d4 ,anglo-,dut* & ,anglo-,g]man cables foll[$ 9 due c\rse2 & 9 less ?an t5 ye>s f ! comm5cem5t ( its op]ations ov] ! fir/ ,*annel cable1 ! ,subm>9e ,telegraph ,company 7s9ce absorb$ by ! /ate7 0 work+ at lea/ half a doz5 really excell5t cables1 v>y+ f #be to #aag miles 9 l5g?1 connect+ ,engl& ) ! re/ ( ,europe4 ,dur+ ! next few ye>s subm>9e communication 0 e/abli%$ betwe5 ,d5m>k & ,sw$51 z well z betwe5 ,italy1 ,corsica1 & ,s>d9ia2 & betwe5 ,s>d9ia & ! nor? coa/ ( ,africa2 b :]e successful1 ! measures adopt$ 71 9 ! ma91 simil> to ^? we h already describ$ 9 connection ) ! prec$+ l9es1 ?\gh special conditions 71 9 "s in/ances1 ! means ( introduc+ c]ta9 modifications & improvem5ts4 ,sev]al s]i\s failures 71 h[ev]1 exp]i5c$ 9 ! deep wat] ( ! ,m$it]ranean :i* _h a detract+ effect--9 ! public m9d--on ! *ances ( ! great und]tak+ :i* 0 to foll[4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,pione] ,,l9e ,,*apt] ,i ,,evolution ,,( ,,atlantic ,,telegraphy ,,9 ,,am]ica ,,& ,,engl& ,gradual ,evolution--,! ,projectors--,survey ( ! ,r\te--,s\nd+s--,nature ( ! ,ocean ,b$--,=mation ( ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company--,rais+ ,capital--,critics1 ,croak]s1 & ,crude ,inv5tors4 ,z has be5 %[n 9 ! introductory *apt]1 ! ef=ts ( ! e>ly projectors ( subm>9e telegraphy 7 at fir/ conf9$ to connect+ c\ntries divid$ only by n>r[ seas1 or e/abli%+ communication betwe5 po9ts on ! same seabo>d4 ,! next /ep =w>d1 ) :i* we are "h imm$iately conc]n$--t ( spann+ ! ,atlantic ,ocean betwe5 ,europe & ,am]ica--0 aptly *>act]iz$ at ! "t z ! great feat ( ! c5tury4 ,by its means ! p ( ! two great cont95ts 7 to speak toge!r 9 a few mom5ts1 ?\gh sep>at$ by a va/ ocean4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ v5ture 9 transoceanic telegraphy4 ,!re 0 no applicable data to g ^u2 = ! va/ diff]5ce betwe5 lay+ %ort cable-l5g?s across riv]s1 bays1 etc41 9 %all[ wat]1 & t ( lay+ a long l5g? ( cable 9 dep?s ( ov] two miles across an op5 ocean w be easily recogniz$--at any rate1 by ! sailor & eng9e]4 ,! wires ( ! ,magnetic ,telegraph ,company _h already be5 c>ri$ to v>i\s po9ts on ! we/ & s\? coa/ ( ,irel&2 &1 9 #aheb1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,n4 ,gisborne1 a v able ,engli% eng9e]1 obta9$ an exclusive concession = connect+ ,/4 ,johns1 ,newf\ndl&1 ) ,cape ,ray1 9 ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 by an ov]head telegraph-l9e4 ,! idea 0 to tap /eam]s com+ f ,london to ,cape ,race at ,/4 ,johns1 & pass messages betwe5 t po9t & ,cape ,breton1 on ! o!r side ( ! ,gulf1 by c>ri]-pigeons4 ,a few miles ( cables 7 made 9 ,engl&1 & laid betwe5 ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,isl& & ,new ,brunswick4 ,mr4 ,gisborne !n survey$ ! r\te = ! l&-l9e across ,newf\ndl&1 & _h erect$ "s =ty miles ( x1 :5 ! "w 0 /opp$ = want ( funds4 ,:5 9 ,new ,york 9 #ahed1 ,gisborne 0 introduc$ to ,mr4 ,cyrus ,we/ ,field1 a retir$ m]*ant1 :o became en?usia/ic on ! subject1 & =m$ a small1 b /rong1 syndicate = ! practical realization ( ,gisborne's s*eme4 ,a cable eighty-five miles 9 l5g? 0 made 9 ,engl&1 to be laid betwe5 ,cape ,breton & ,newf\ndl&2 b aft] =ty miles _h be5 paid out1 r\gh wea!r ensu$1 & ! und]tak+ _h to be ab&on$4 ,a fre% in/alm5t 01 h[ev]1 s5t out 9 #ahef1 & successfully laid across ! ,gulf1 ?us connect+ ,/4 ,johns ) ,canada & ! ,am]ican l9es4 ,! conductor ( ?is l9e in/ead ( be+ a s+le solid wire 01 = ! fir/ "t1 compos$ ( sev]al small wires laid up toge!r 9 /r& =m--) a view to avoid+ a flaw 9 any s+le wire /opp+ ! conductivity1 besides af=d+ increas$ me*anical pliability4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4--,newf\ndl& ,telegraph ,/ation1 #ahee4 ,! feasibility ( unit+ ! two va/ sy/ems ( telegraphy _h engag$ ! consid]ation ( "s ( ^? mo/ prom95tly associat$ ) electric telegraphy on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic4 ,x _h be5 already %[n t cables c\ld be successfully laid & ma9ta9$ 9 comp>atively mod]ate dep?s 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 ,black ,sea1 etc41 b ! ne>e/ po9ts betwe5 ! ,briti% ,isles & ,newf\ndl& are ne>ly #b1jjj miles ap>t4 ,! greate/ l5g? ( subm>9e l9e :i* _h hi!rto be5 effectively subm]g$--#aaj miles--=m$ b an insignificant portion ( su* an enorm\s di/ance2 & t1 too1 involv+ a dep? ( ne>ly ?ree miles = a l>ge proportion ( ! way1 in/ead ( ab\t #cjj fa?oms4 ,ap>t f ! eng9e]+ difficulties entail$ by ?is va/ di/ance & dep?1 ! "q 0 !n undet]m9$ z to ! possibility ( convey+ electric curr5ts ?r\gh su* a l5g? 9 an unbrok5 circuit1 & at a spe$ t w\ld enable messages to be pass$ rapidly en\gh 9 succession to prove remun]ative4 ,v>i\s rese>*es _h be5 made--by ,f>aday among o!rs--) a view to det]m9+ ! law 9 relation to ! velocity ( electricity ?r\gh a conduct+-wire4 ,! ret>d+ effect ( ! insulat+ cov]+ _h already be5 discov]$2 b ! exact =mula = ! work+ spe$ ( cables ( def9ite proportions & l5g?s 0 n correctly arriv$ at till "s ye>s lat]4 ,! simil>ity1 9 pr9ciple1 ( a cable to a ,leyd5 j> 0 fir/ po9t$ out by ,mr4 ,edw>d ,brails=d ,bright 9 ! c\rse ( a pap] read be=e ! ,briti% ,association 9 #ahed4 ,he %[$ t on *>g+ a gutta-p]*a-cov]$ wire1 ! insulat+ mat]ial t5d$ to absorb & reta9 a "p ( ! *>ge & to hold back1 z a /atic *>ge1 "s ( ! electricity fl[+ z curr5t ?r\gh ! conductor--j z ! *>ge 7( opposite pot5tial7 induc$ on ! outside plate ( a ,leyd5 j> /atically holds ! prim>y *>ge on ! inn] plate1 until ei!r are neutraliz$4 ,! bro!rs1 ,edw>d & ,*>les ,bright1 made a s]ies ( ext5sive exp]im5ts on long l5g?s ( und]gr\nd wires2 & ^! inve/igations 7 supplem5t$ lat] by ,mr4 ,edw>d ,orange ,wildman ,:iteh\se 7=m]ly a m$ical practition]71 :o became electrician to ! fir/ ,atlantic cable4 ,mr4 ,:iteh\se 0 a man ( v high intellectual & sci5tific atta9m5ts1 & a mo/ +5i\s & pa9/ak+ exp]im5t]4 ,! ret>dation ( ! electric curr5t ?r\gh an insulat$ wire due to induction--a ph5om5on practically unkn[n ) b>e1 a]ial wires susp5d$ on po/s1 & ( no consequ5ce ) q %ort cables--0 ov]come by us+ a succession ( opposite curr5ts4 ,by ?is means ! latt]1 or ret>d$1 portion ( ea* curr5t 0 wip$ out by ! opposite curr5t imm$iately foll[+ x2 & ?us a s]ies ( electric waves c\ld be made to trav]se ! cable1 "o aft] ! o!r1 sev]al be+ 9 ! act ( pass+ onw>d at diff]5t po9ts along ! conductor at ! same "t4 ,! ,messrs4 ,bright devis$ a special key 7embodi$ ) a pat5t = signal+ ?r\gh long cables7 = transmitt+ ^! alt]nat+ curr5ts f ! batt]y2 & ?is 0 foll[$ by o!rs to effect ! same object--"o by ,pr(essor ,?omson 7n[ ,"l ,kelv971 :o became electrical advis] to ! ent]prise4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4--,! ,brooke ,s\nd]4 ,a c]ta9 degree ( k reg>d+ ! nature ( ! b$ ( ! ,atlantic ,ocean 0 n[ available2 = 9 ! summ] ( #ahef a s]ies ( s\nd+s _h be5 tak5 by ,lieut5ant ,o4 ,h4 ,b]ryman1 ,u4,s4,n41 f ,u4,s4,n4 ,arctic1 & also indep5d5tly by ,comm&] ,joseph ,dayman1 ,r4,n4 7,h4,m4,s4 ,cyclops71 %[+ :at 0 call$ a g5tly undulat+ plateau ext5d+ ! :ole di/ance betwe5 ,irel& & ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,^! dep?s 7av]ag+ ab\t #b-a_/b miles7 comp>$ favorably ) ^? t _h pres5t$ !mselves f>!r s\?w>d4 ,! gr\nd 0 f\nd to %oal gradually on ! ,newf\ndl& side1 b rose m rapidly t[>d ! ,iri% %ore4 ,! s\nd+s 7 tak5 ) ! +5i\s app>atus ( ,lieut4 ,j4 ,m4 ,brooke1 ,u4,s4,n4 7,fig4 #b71 :i* =m$ ! prototype ( all simil> deep-sea s\nd+-tubes ( ! pres5t day4 ,9 ?is1 at ! extremity ( ! s\nd+-l9e a light iron rod1 ,c1 holl[$ at its l[] end1 pass$ loosely ?r\gh a hole 9 ! c5t] ( a cannon-ball weight1 ,a1 :i* is fa/5$ to ! l9e by a c\ple ( l9ks4 ,on ! bottom be+ t\*$1 ! l9ks rev]se position1 ow+ to ! weight be+ tak5 (f1 & ! cannon-ball1 or plummet1 ,b1 be+ set free1 rema9s on ! gr\nd1 leav+ ! light tube only to be drawn up ) ! l9e4#h ,9 ! act ( gr\nd+1 h[ev]1 ! op5 end ( ! tube presses into ! bottom1 a specim5 ( :i* is consequ5tly obta9$--unless x be rock or coral4 ,an oozy bottom 0 f\nd ?r\gh\t ! s\nd+s4 ,! specim5s br\ght up to ! surface 7 %[n "u ! microscope to consi/ 7,fig4 #c7 ( ! t9y %ells ( animalcul--! inde/ructible outside skeletons ( ! animal organisms kn[n z diatomace & globigir5 =am9if] l>gely compos$ ( c>bonate ( lime4#i ,no s& or gravel 0 f\nd on ! ocean b$1 f :i* x 0 d$uc$ t no curr5ts1 or o!r di/urb+ elem5ts1 exi/$ at ^? dep?s2 = o!rwise ^! frail %ells w\ld h be5 rubb$ to pieces4 ,z x 01 !y came up entire--)\t a sign ( abrasion4 ,! plateau or ridge--:i* 0 f\nd to ext5d = "s #djj miles 9 bread?--0 consid]$ a v]itable fea!r-b$ = a cable4 ,inde$1 9 8 subsequ5t report to ! ,unit$ ,/ates navy1 ,lieut4 ,m4 ,f4 ,maury1 ,u4,s4,n41 spoke ( ?is %all[ plat=m or table-l& z hav+ be5 app>5tly plac$ = ! express purpose ( hold+ ! wires ( a subm>9e telegraph & ( keep+ !m out ( h>m's way4 ,lieut5ant ,maury conclud$ 8 report z foll[s3 ,i d n1 h[ev]1 pret5d to consid] ! "q z to ! possibility ( f9d+ a "t calm en\gh1 ! sea smoo? en\gh1 a wire long en\gh1 or a %ip big en\gh1 to lay a coil ( wire sixte5 hundr$ miles 9 l5g?4 ,^! words =m amus+ read+ n[adays1 z d also ! sugge/ions ( telegraph plateaus furni%$ by ,provid5ce z a re/+-place = ! ,atlantic cable4 ,! plateau idea 0 only true to ! ext5t t ! b$ ( ! ocean 9 ^! regions af=d$ a smoo? surface z comp>$ ) ! ,alp9e "* prevail+ nor? & s\? ( x4 ,^! s\nd+s at some?+ l fifty-mile int]vals 7 n1 h[ev]1 orig9ally und]tak5 ) ! ,atlantic cable expressly 9 view4 ,inde$1 = _m ye>s--until exp]i5ce po9t$ to ! absolute necessity--no special surveys 7 made previ\s to ! lay+ ( a cable4#aj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4--,specim5 ( ! ,ocean ,b$4 7,magnifi$ #aj1jjj times47 ,=mation ( ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company1 #ahef4--;,cyrus ,field1 besides be+ a man ( sangu9e temp]am5t & int5se bus9ess en]gy1 also possess$ %rewdness & =esight4 ,?us1 he imm$iately recogniz$ ! value ( ,gisborne's concessions1 & det]m9$ to turn !m to ! fulle/ acc\nt4 ,8 extraord9>y acum5 told him t by improv+ on ! exclusive l&+ rights already obta9$ 9 ,am]ica1 he w\ld place himself 9 ! /ronge/ possible position 9 reg>d to ! big notion ( an ,atlantic cable4 ,no soon] _h he made up 8 m9d to ?is effect ?an he set to "w to accompli% ! idea2 & v soon exclusive rights 7 obta9$ 9 8 "n 7,gisborne hav+ entirely dropp$ out ( ! negotiations7 = practically e important po9t 9 connection ) ! l&+ ( an ,atlantic cable on ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ican t]ritory4 ,! p]iod = ^! rights 0 fifty ye>s1 besides :i* he obta9$ v>i\s grants ( l&4 ,?us x w be se5 he _h assur$ himself a v /rong position 9 connection ) any project = an ,atlantic cable )\t hav+ _h 79 ! words ( 8 bro!r1 ,h5ry ,field7 any exp]i5ce 9 ! bus9ess ( lay+ a subm>9e telegraph4 ,mr4 ,field's syndicate 0 ab\t ?is "t regi/]$ z ! ,new ,york1 ,newf\ndl&1 & ,london ,telegraph ,company1 :i* 0 n[ capable ( deb>r+ competition = a consid]able p]iod1 at any rate4 ,arm$ ) ?is app>5t monopoly1 ,mr4 ,field w5t ov] to ,engl&1 emp[]$ by 8 associates to deal ) ! exclusive concession possess$ by ! above company = ! coa/ ( ,newf\ndl& & o!r rights 9 ,nova ,scotia1 etc4 ,he _h already be5 ov] be=e 9 connection ) ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce cable4 ,he _h1 on t occasion1 met ,mr4 ,john ,watk9s ,brett1 :o !reupon int]e/$ himself f9ancially 9 ! ,newf\ndl& ,company4 ,on 8 second mission 79 ,july1 #ahef7 he at once put himself into communication ) ,mr4 7aft]w>d ,sir ,*>les7 ,bright1 :o 0 kn[n to be already mak+ v>i\s prep>ations ) a view to an ,atlantic cable 9 connection ) ! ,magnetic ,telegraph sy/em4 ,on ,septemb] #bf1 #ahef1 an agreem5t 0 ent]$ into betwe5 ,brett1 ,bright1 & ,field 9 ! foll[+ t]ms1 _! signatures be+ reproduc$ z !y appe> at ! foot ( ! docum5t3 ,mutually1 & on equal t]ms we engage to ex]t ourselves = ! purpose ( =m+ a ,company = e/abli%+ & work+ ( electric telegraphic communication betwe5 ,newf\ndl& & ,irel&1 su* ,company to be call$ ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company1 or by su* o!r "n z ! p>ties h]eto %all jo9tly agree ^u4 ,illu/ration3 ,signatures1 f top to bottom3 ,john ,w4 ,brett1 ,*>les ,t4 ,bright1 ,cyrus ,w4 ,field ,illu/ration3 ,john ,watk9s ,brett 7,projector74 ,*>les ,til/on ,bright 7,projector & ,eng9e]74 ,cyrus ,we/ ,field 7,projector74 ,,fig4 #d4 ,let u see n[ :at ! unit$ ef=ts ( ^! ?ree projectors _h be=e !m4 ,! gr\nd _h already be5 to "s ext5t cle>$ by _! individual ex]tions :5 work+ indep5d5tly1 z well z 9 o!r ways4 ,bright1 & also ,:iteh\se1 _h already prov$ ! possibility ( signal+ ?r\gh su* a l5g? ( insulat$ wire z t involv$ by an ,atlantic l9e4 ,! s\nd+s t _h be5 rec5tly tak5 %[$ t ! dep? 0 only unfavorable 9 ! s5se ( be+ some?+ f>--b uni=mly--great] ?an t 9 :i* any cable _h previ\sly be5 subm]g$4 ,f9ally1 ! favorable nature ( ! l&+ rights secur$ by ,field on ! o!r side w5t a long way t[>d insur+ aga9/ competition1 ap>t f ! actual p]mission4 ,!re yet rema9$1 !n1 ! necessity ( obta9+ 7a7 ,gov]nm5t recognition1 &1 if possible1 ,gov]nm5t subsidies2 7b7 ! confid5ce & pecuni>y support ( ! money$ m]cantile class2 besides :i* a suitable =m ( cable _h to be design$ & manufactur$1 z well z all ! necess>y app>atus = ! lay+ ( ! same4 ,z a result ( consid]able discussion1 ! two gov]nm5ts conc]n$ ev5tually came to recognize ! importance & feasibility ( ?is und]tak+ = l9k+ toge!r ! two great ,engli%-speak+ nations1 & ! b5efits x w\ld conf] ^u humanity4 ,bo? ! ,briti% & ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5ts gave a subsidy1 9 return = free transmission ( _! messages1 ) priority ov] o!rs4#aa ,?is1 h[ev]1 only jo9tly am\nt$ to #h p] c5t ( ! capital1 & 0 payable only :ile ! cable work$4#ab ,! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company 0 regi/]$ on ,octob] #bj1 #ahef1 & ! #cej1jjj decid$ on z ! necess>y capital = ! "w 0 !n s\ght & obta9$ 9 an absolutely unprec$5t$ fa%ion4 ,!re 0 no promotion money1 no prospectus 0 publi%$1 no adv]tisem5ts1 no brok]s1 & no commissions1 nei!r 0 !re at t "t any bo>d ( directors or executive (fic]s4 ,! election ( a bo>d 0 res]v$ = a meet+ ( %>ehold]s1 to be held aft] allotm5t by ! provisional committee1 consi/+ ( ! subscrib]s to ! ,memor&um ( ,association4 ,any remun]ation to ! projectors 0 left :olly dep5d5t on1 & subsequ5t to1 ! %>ehold]s' pr(its be+ ov] #aj p] c5t p] annum1 aft] :i* ! projectors 7 to divide ! surplus4 ,! campaign 0 op5$ 9 ,liv]pool1 ! headqu>t]s ( ! ,magnetic ,company1 ! great] proportion ( ^: %>ehold]s 7 bus9ess m5--m]*ants & %ip[n]s--ma9ly hail+ f ,liv]pool1 ,man*e/]1 ,glasg[1 & ,london1 :o appreciat$ ! value ( ,am]ica be+ connect$ telegraphically ) ,great ,brita9 & ,europe ?r\gh _! ,iri% l9es4 ,! fir/ meet+ ( ! ,atlantic ,company 0 conv5$ = ,novemb] #ab1 #ahef1 at ! und]writ]s' rooms 9 ! ,liv]pool ,ex*ange4 ,?is 0 call$ toge!r by means ( a small circul> on a half-%eet ( note-pap]1 issu$ by ,mr4 ,e4 ,b4 ,bright1 manag] ( ! ,magnetic ,company4 ,! result 0 a cr[d$ ga!r+ compos$ ( ! weal?1 ent]prise1 & influ5ce ( ,liv]pool & o!r important bus9ess & manufactur+ c5t]s4 ,simil> meet+s 7 also held 9 ,man*e/] & ,glasg[1 & a public subscription li/ 0 op5$ at ! ,magnetic ,company's (fice ( ea* t[n4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few days ! entire capital 0 rais$1 by ! issue ( #cej %>es ( #a1jjj ea*1 *iefly tak5 up by ! %>ehold]s ( ! ,magnetic ,company4 ,mr4 ,cyrus ,field _h res]v$ #ge1jjj = ,am]ican subscription1 = :i* he sign$1 b 8 confid5ce 9 8 compatriots turn$ out to be greatly misplac$4 ,! result has be5 ?us rec\nt$ by 8 bro!r3 ,he 7,cyrus ,field7 ?\ght t "o-f\r? ( ! /ock %\ld be held 9 ?is c\ntry 7! ,unit$ ,/ates71 & he did n d\bt f ! eag]ness ) :i* ?ree-f\r?s _h be5 tak5 9 ,engl&1 t ! rema9d] w\ld be at once subscrib$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 x 0 only aft] mu* tr\ble t subscrib]s 7 obta9$ 9 ! ,/ates = a total ( tw5ty-sev5 %>es1 or less ?an "o-twelf? ( ! total capital4 ,?us1 not)/&+ _! pr(ess$ en?usiasm1 ! fai? ( ! ,am]icans 9 ! project prov$ to be /rictly limit$4 ,at any rate1 !y did n rise to ! occasion4 ,inde$1 ! und]tak+ 0 v mu* an affair ( ! ,magnetic ,telegraph ,company1 ! (fic]s ( :i* l$ ! %>ehold]s to take a lively int]e/ f ! fir/ 9 ! ,atlantic project z =m+ ! nucleus ( a great ext5sion ( bus9ess4 ,! fir/ meet+ ( %>ehold]s took place on ,decemb] #i1 #ahef1 :5 a bo>d ( directors 0 elect$4 ,?is includ$ ! late ,george ,peabody1 ,samuel ,gurney1 ,t4 ,h4 ,brook+1 ,t4 ,a4 ,hankey1 ,c4 ,m4 7aft]w>d ,sir ,curtis7 ,lampson1 & ,sir ,william ,br[n1 ( ,liv]pool1 no less ?an n9e 7repres5t+ ! int]e/s ( diff]5t t[ns7 be+ also directors ( ! ,magnetic ,company1 includ+ ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,brett4 ,! fir/ *airman 0 ,sir ,william ,br[n1 subsequ5tly succe$$ by ! ,"r ,hon4 ,james ,/u>t-,wortley1 ,m4,p4 ,two names may be fur!r specially ref]r$ to z de/9$1 9 diff]5t ways1 to h ! greate/ possible influ5ce 9 ! subsequ5t developm5t ( subm>9e telegraphy4 ,mr4 7aft]w>d ,sir ,john7 ,p5d]1 :o 0 !n a ,magnetic director1 aft]w>d took a lead+ "p 9 ! va/ ext5sions t h foll[$ to ! ,m$it]ranean1 ,india1 ,*9a1 ,au/ralasia1 ! ,cape1 & ,brazil1 besides sev]al ( ! subsequ5t ,atlantic l9es4 ,up to ! "t ( 8 dea? he 0 *airman ( some?+ l a doz51 m or less alli$1 cable companies1 repres5t+ "s #cj1jjj1jjj ( capital1 & ma9ly organiz$ ?r\gh 8 =esight & bus9ess ability4 ,!n1 aga91 ,pr(4 ,william ,?omson1 ( ,glasg[ ,univ]sity1 0 a t[] ( sci5tific /r5g? on ! ,bo>d4 ,he _h be5 f ! outset an ard5t believ] 9 ! ,atlantic l9e4 ,8 acquisition z a director 0 de/9$ to prove ( va/ importance 9 influ5c+ ! developm5t ( transoceanic communication1 = 8 subsequ5t exp]im5ts on ! cable dur+ #aheg-'eh l$ up to 8 inv5tion ( ! mirror galvanomet] & signal+ in/rum5t1 :]eby ! mo/ att5uat$ curr5ts ( electricity1 :i* are incapable ( produc+ visible signals on o!r telegraphic app>atus1 are s magnifi$ by ! use ( a reflect$ beam ( light z to af=d signals readily legible4 7,a full description ( ?is inv5tion w be f\nd 9 its prop] place--f>!r on47 ,mr4 7aft]w>d ,sir ,*>les7 ,bright 0 appo9t$ eng9e]-9-*ief1 ) ,mr4 ,wildman ,:iteh\se 7:o _h become closely associat$ ) ! project7 z electrician1 :ile ,mr4 ,cyrus ,field became g5]al manag]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t because ! capital 0 rais$ )\t great difficulty1 & because ! project _h f>-see+ support]s1 t !re 0 any lack ( croak]s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! prejudice aga9/ ! l9e z a mad s*eme ran p]haps ev5 high] ?an 9 ! case ( mo/ great & novel und]tak+s4 ,! critics 7 _m1 & ) our pres5t k x is difficult to recognize t _m ( ! ass]tions & sugge/ions emanat$ f m5 ( sci5ce z well z f em95t eng9e]s & sailors1 :o1 we %\ld say n[adays1 ought to h kn[n bett]4 ,= example1 ! late ,pr(4 ,sir ,g4 ,b4 ,airy1 ,f4,r4,s4 7,a/ronom] ,royal71 ann\nc$ to ! _w3 7#a7 t x 0 a ma!matical impossibility to subm]ge a cable 9 safety at s great a dep?2 & 7#b7 t if x 7 possible1 no signals c\ld be transmitt$ ?r\gh s great a l5g?4 ,f ! v outset ( ! project ! eng9e]-9-*ief 7z soon z appo9t$7 _h to deal ) wild & undevelop$ criticisms & sugge/ions1 p>tly f inv5tors1 :o desir$ to reap p]sonal b5efit by ! s*eme1 & amateurs 9 ! art g5]ally1 all ( :i* appe> s+ul>ly ludicr\s n[adays4 ,! fallacy mo/ frequ5tly introduc$ 01 p]haps1 t ! cable w\ld be susp5d$ 9 ! wat] at a c]ta9 dep?4 ,naturally ! pressure increases ) ! dep? on all sides ( a cable 7or any?+ else7 9 its desc5t ?r\gh ! sea1 b1 z practically ev]y?+ on e>? is m compressible ?an wat]1 x is obvi\s t ! iron wire1 y>n1 gutta-p]*a1 & copp] conductor1 =m+ ! cable1 mu/ be m & m compress$ z !y desc5d4 ,?us ! cable con/antly increases its d5sity1 or specific gravity1 9 go+ d[n1 :ile ! equal bulk ( ! wat] surr\nd+ x cont9ues to h1 practically speak+1 v ne>ly ! same specific gravity z at ! surface4 ,)\t ?is valuable prop]ty ( wat]1 ! hydraulic press w\ld n exi/4 ,! /range blund] "h describ$ 0 p>ticipat$ 9 by "s ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ naval m54 ,z an in/ance1 ev5 at a comp>atively rec5t p]iod1 ,capta9 ,m>ryat1 ,r4,n41 ! fam\s nautical au?or1 writes ( ! sea3 ,:at a m9e ( weal? mu/ lie buri$ 9 its s&s4 ,:at ri*es lie entangl$ among its rocks1 or rema9 susp5d$ 9 its unfa?omable gulf1 :]e ! compress$ fluid is equal 9 gravity to t :i* x encircles4#ac ,to obviate ?is non-exi/5t difficulty1 x 0 gravely propos$ to fe/oon ! cable across1 at a giv5 maximum dep? betwe5 buoys & floats1 or ev5 p>a*utes--at :i* %ips might call1 hook on1 & talk telegraphically to %ore6 ,o!rs aga9 propos$ to apply gumm$ cotton to ! outside ( ! cable 9 connection ) ! above bury+ sy/em4 ,! idea 0 t ! gum 7or glue7 w\ld gradually dissolve & s let ! cable d[n quietly6 ,z an example ( ! crude notions prevail+ 9 ! m9d ( "o g5tleman ) a propos$ inv5tion1 to :om 0 %[n an in* specim5 ( ! cable1 he rem>k$3 ,n[ ,i und]/& h[ y /[ x away on bo>d4 ,y cut x up into bits be=eh&1 & !n jo9 up ! pieces z y lay4 ,"s aga9 absolutely w5t s f> z to take out pat5ts = conv]t+ ! lay+ vessel into a huge factory1 ) a view to mak+ ! cable on bo>d 9 "o cont9u\s l5g?1 & subm]g+ x dur+ ! process6 ,f9ally1 "o naval exp]t assur$ ! company t no o!r ma*9]y = pay+ out 0 necess>y ?an a h&spike to /op ! egress ( ! cable4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,! ,,l9e ,design & ,con/ruction--,%ips--,te/+1 ,%ipm5t1 & ,/[age--,pay+-out ,ma*9]y--,/aff--,prep>ations = ! ,exp$ition4 ,! con/ruction ( ! cable 0 tak5 9 h& ! foll[+ ,febru>y 7#aheg74 ,! di/ance f ,val5tia1 on ! we/]n ,iri% coa/1 to ,tr9ity ,bay1 ,newf\ndl&--! two l&+-po9ts select$#ad--;be+ #a1fdj nautical miles1 x 0 e/imat$ t a l5g? ( #b1ejj ,n4,m4#ae w\ld be suffici5t to meet all requirem5ts4 ,?is w\ld provide suffici5t m>g9 = a consid]able am\nt ( slack cable = accommodat+ ! irregul>ities ( ! bottom4 ,! ,gutta-,p]*a ,company ( ,london 7 entru/$ ) ! manufacture ( ! core1 consi/+ ( a /r& ( sev5 ,no4 #bb ,b4,w4,g4 copp] wires 7total diamet] ,no4 #ad gage7 weigh+ #ajg p\nds p] ,n4,m4 insulat$1 ) ?ree coat+s ( gutta-p]*a 7to #c_/h-;in* diamet]7 weigh+ #bfa p\nds p] ,n4,m41 ! conductor be+1 9 fact1 cov]$ to ,no4 #jj ,b4,w4,g4 ,?is =m$ a f> heavi] core ?an _h be5 previ\sly adopt$1 & on ?is acc\nt ! difficulties ( manufacture 7 proportionately increas$4 ,! enorm\s pressure ( ! ocean at su* dep?s involv$ also a mu* sev]] te/ = ! core4 ,on ! o!r h&1 z we n[ "k1 ! conductor--& consequ5tly also ! insulator--%\ld h be5 /ill l>g]1 to a mat]ial degree4 ,! eng9e] ( ! l9e /rongly urg$ a conductor weigh+ #cib p\nds p] ,n4,m41 ) ! same weight = ! insulator2#af b 8 fell[ projectors 7! bus9ess elem5t ( ! und]tak+7 7 all = gett+ ! "w done1 :ile ! wea!r p]mitt$1 t ye>2 & !y 7 p]haps ov]quick to recognize ! diff]5ce 9 ! capital requir$4 ,moreov]1 !y 7 "h support$ te*nically by ! views ( ! responsible electrician1 z well z by su* high au?orities z ,mi*ael ,f>aday & ,morse4 ,! latt] report$ t l>ge coat$ wires us$ b5ea? ! wat] or ! e>? are worse conductors--s f> z velocity ( transmission is conc]n$--?an small ones2 &1 !re=e1 are n s well suit$ z small ones = ! purposes ( subm>9e transmission ( telegraphic signals4 ,f>aday _h /at$3 ,! l>g] ! wire1 ! m electricity 0 requir$ to *>ge x2 & ! great] 0 ! ret>dation ( t electric impulse :i* %\ld be occupi$ 9 s5d+ t *>ge =w>d4#ag ,?us x w be se5 t al?\gh ,f>aday laid ! f\ndations ( a l>ge proportion ( ! electrical eng9e]+ ( to-day1 8 views 9 ?is in/ance did n prove to be correct4 ,! !oretical resemblance ( a cable to a ,leyd5 j>--9 ref]5ce to ! effect ( *>g+ ei!r--seems to h be5 prom95tly 9 m9d1 )\t prop] reg>d to ! resi/ance (f]$ by ! wire to ! electric curr5t--a resi/ance :i* becomes less ! great] ! bulk ( ! wire4 ,besides ! eng9e] be+ ov]ridd5 9 ?is matt]1 ! ^w ( ! electrical advis] on ! ,bo>d 7,pr(essor ,?omson7 reg>d+ ! c>ry+ capacity or work+ spe$ t w\ld be obta9$ ) su* a core z t decid$ on--9 view ( ! l5g? involv$--0 also unavail+4 ,:ile no "o c fail to appreciate ! bus9esslike mann] 9 :i* ?is und]tak+ 0 pu%$ ?r\gh f ! mom5t ( inception--comp>+ only too favorably ) "s exp]i5ces ( to-day--x 01 )\t d\bt1 a va/ pity t m "t 0 n devot$ to a full] consid]ation ( "s ( ! problems1 su* z t involv$ ov] ! dim5sions ( ! conductor & insulator4 ,no s]i\s fault c\ld1 h[ev]1 be detect$ ) its actual manufacture1 ?\gh ! me?ods ( ^? days 7 primitive z comp>$ ) pres5t practise1 & a sy/em ( effici5t electrical te/+ altoge!r want+4 ,aft] v>i\s exp]im5ts _h be5 made ) sample l5g?s ( diff]5t iron wires made up into cable1 ! contract = ! out] %ea?+s 01 9 ord] to get ?r\gh ! "w quickly1 divid$ equally betwe5 ,messrs4 ,glass1 ,elliot ,co41 ( ,gre5wi*1 & ,messrs4 ,r4 ,s4 ,newall ,co41 ( ,birk5head--bo? orig9ally pit-rope mak]s4 ,! insulat$ core 0 fir/ surr\nd$ ) a s]v+ ( hemp saturat$ ) a mixture ( t>1 pit*1 l9se$-oil1 & wax2 & !n %ea!d spirally ) an armor ( eighte5 /r&s1 ea* conta9+ sev5 iron wires ( ,no4 #bb ,b4,w4,g41 ! complet$ /r& be+ ,no4 #ad gage 9 diamet]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4--,manufacture ( ! ,core4 ,! cable 7,fig4 #h7 0 !n f9ally drawn ?r\gh ano!r mixture ( t>4 ,its weight 9 air 0 #a ton p] ,n4,m41 & 9 wat] only #ac4d hundr$weight1 be>+ a /ra9 ( #c tons #e hundr$weight be=e break+--equival5t to ne>ly five miles ( its weight 9 wat]4 ,= ea* end approa*+ ! %ore1 ! %ea?+ 7see ,fig4 #i7 consi/$ ( twelve wires ( ,no4 #j gauge1 mak+ a total weight ( ab\t n9e tons to ! mile4 ,?is type 0 adopt$ = ! fir/ t5 miles f ! ,iri% coa/1 & = fifte5 miles f ! l&+ at ,newf\ndl&1 at bo? ( :i* localities rocks _h be5 f\nd to ab\nd pl5tifully--s mu* s t ! armor 0 insuffici5t1 & pres5t practise provides d\ble ! weight "u simil> conditions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4--,s]v+ ! ,core ) ,hemp-,y>n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4--;,apply+ ! ,iron ,%ea?+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4--,! ,deep ,sea ,cable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--,! ,%ore-,end ,cable4 ,only f\r mon?s 0 all[$ = ! manufacture ( ?is #b1ejj miles ( cable1 :i* _h to be deliv]$ 9 ,june ( t ye> 7#aheg74 ,?is involv$ ! prep>ation & draw+ ( #bj1ejj miles ( copp] wire 7provid+ = ! lay7 & /r&+ into ! #b1ejj miles ( conductor4 ,= ! insulation ne>ly #cjj tons ( gutta-p]*a requir$ to be prep>$1 & ! ?ree sep>ate lay]s ( gutta-p]*a requir$ to be appli$ to ! wire1 subsequ5tly foll[$ by ! spiral s]v+ ( y>n4 ,f9ally--& ) a due all[ance = lay--#cfg1ejj miles ( wire _h to be drawn1 f #a1fhg tons ( *>coal iron1 & laid up into #ej1jjj miles ( /r& = ! out] %ea?+4 ,! entire l5g? ( copp] & iron wire employ$ 01 !re=e1 #cdj1ejj miles--en\gh to engirdle ! e>? ?irte5 times1 & consid]ably m ?an en\gh to ext5d f ! e>? to ! moon4 ,! "w 0 enorm\sly increas$1 ( c\rse1 on acc\nt ( ! %ea?+ be+ compos$ ( a numb] ( /r&s in/ead ( sev]al s+le wires4 ,:ile hav+ c]ta9 me*anical advantages at ! outset1 ?is /r&$ %ea?+ is n a durable type ( cable--besides be+ some:at co/ly--& is nev] adopt$ n[adays4 ,! contract price = ! entire cable 0 #bbe1jjj1 ! core co/+ #dj & ! armor #ej p] mile4#ah ,z fa/ z ! cable 0 made at ! respective factories1 x 0 coil$ into iron tanks ready = %ipm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--;,coil+ ! ,f9i%$ ,cable into ! ,factory ,tanks4 ,%ips & ,pay+-out ,ma*9]y4--,! race aga9/ "t--result+ f an un=tunate arrangem5t ) ,am]ican int]e/s--0 truly appall+2 =1 besides ! manufacture ( ! l9e itself1 %ips _h to be select$ & prep>$ = receiv+ ! cable1 & ma*9]y = pay+ out ! l9e _h to be design$ & made4 ,s f> z ! manufacture w5t1 ! ma*9]y = t 0 already 9 exi/5ce1 9 view ( ! cables t _h previ\sly be5 laid--ap>t f ! fact t ! %ea?+ ma*9]y 0 practically ! same z _h already be5 us$ = mak+ ropes )4 ,b ?is be+ ! fir/ ocean l9e1 special app>atus _h to be work$ out = subm]g+ a cable satisfactorily 9 deep wat]4 ,s f> z %ips 7 conc]n$1 ! ,briti% & ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5ts _h already express$ will+ness to furni% ^!4 ,! =m] und]tak+ took %ape by ! ,admiralty plac+ ,h4,m4,s4 ,agamemnon 7a screw-propell$ l9e-(-battle %ip & "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ! ,briti% navy7 at ! company's disposal = ! exp$ition4 ,%e _h be5 ,admiral ,lyons's flag%ip dur+ ! bomb>dm5t ( ,seba/opol a c\ple ( ye>s be=e2 b1 9 h] com+ mission1 0 to d m to br+ ab\t ! reign ( peace--by draw+ toge!r 9 clos] commune ! sev]al nations ( ! e>?--?an any man-(-w> 0 ev] call$ to d1 be=e or aft]4 ,) a some:at peculi> con/ruction1 %e 0 admirably adapt$ = h] "w4 ,h] eng9es 7 q ne> ! /]n1 :ile amid%ips %e _h a magnific5t hold1 =ty-five feet squ>e & ab\t tw5ty feet deep4 ,9 ?is capaci\s receptacle ne>ly half ! cable 0 /[$ f ! works at ,gre5wi*4 ,! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t s5t ov] ! l>ge/ & f9e/ %ip ( _! navy1 ! ,u4,s4 frigate ,niag>a 7,fig4 #aa71 a screw-corvette ( #e1bjj tons4 ,z a consort1 ! ,u4,s4 paddle frigate ,susquehanna 0 also detail$ = ! exp$ition1 :ile ,h4,m4,s4 ,leop>d & ,h4,m4 s\nd+-vessel ,cyclops 7 simil>ly provid$ by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t4 ,! latt] 0 to prec$e ! fleet--nicknam$ ! ,wire ,squadron--to %[ ! way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,u4,s4,n4,s4 ,niag>a4 ,! pay+-out app>atus = ! two lay+ vessels ,h4,m4,s4 ,agamemnon & ,u4,s4,n4,s4 ,niag>a _h to be some:at hurri$ly put toge!r2 consequ5tly n z mu* att5tion 0 paid to its design z ! novelty ( ! und]tak+ really dem&$4 ,! previ\s1 & some:at primitive1 ge> hi!rto us$ _h prov$ to possess too little /r5g?1 ! cable--:5 be+ laid 9 any?+ b q %all[ wat]--hav+ m ?an once obta9$ ! ma/]y1 ?r\gh meet+ insuffici5t re/ra9+ =ce4 ,9 ! new ma*9e 7,fig4 #ab7 !re 0 c]ta9ly no lack ( hold+-back p[]4 ,x err$1 inde$1 ! o!r way1 be+ s heavy & p[]ful t x 0 liable to break ! cable "u any mat]ial /ra94 ,! degree ( ret>dation 0 regulat$ by a h&-:eel actuat+ a frame-clut* surr\nd+ ! outside ( a brake-:eel4 ,! details ( ?is ma*9e 7 work$ out by ,messrs4 ,c4 de ,b]gue ,co41 ! manufactur]s4 ,! eng9e]-9-*ief also furni%$ ext]nal gu>ds to ! propell+ screws ( ea* lay+ vessel to prev5t a f\l ) ! cable 9 ! case ( go+ a/]n4 ,?is cage 0 nicknam$ a cr9ol9e 7!n 9 fa%ion ) ladies71 :i*1 inde$1 x some:at resembl$4 ,! above screw-gu>d may be se5 9 sev]al ( ! illu/rations ( ei!r %ips f>!r on4 ,7 x n = ! necessity ( s\nd+ op]ations1 x w\ld be appli$ to all telegraph-%ips to-day4 ,prep>ations = ,/>t+4--,by ! ?ird week 9 ,july 7)9 ! c\rse ( z _m weeks7 ! great %ips _h absorb$ all _! preci\s c>go--! ,agamemnon 9 ! ,?ames & ! ,niag>a 9 ! ,m]sey4 ,! process ( coil+ ! cable on bo>d ! ,agamemnon is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #ac4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--,! ,pay+-out ,ma*9e1 #aheg4 ,/aff4--,= su* an und]tak+ ! /aff _h1 ( c\rse1 to be consid]able4 ,besides ! eng9e]-9-*ief 7,mr4 ,bright71 ! eng9e]+ dep>tm5t 0 compos$ z foll[s3 ,mr4 7aft]w>d ,sir ,samuel7 ,cann+1 =m]ly a railway eng9e]1 :o _h laid ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce & o!r cables2 ,mr4 ,william ,h5ry ,woodh\se1 :o _h laid "s ( ! cables 9 ! ,m$it]ranean2 ,mr4 ,f4 ,c4 ,webb1 ) mu* exp]i5ce 9 e>ly cable "w2 &1 f9ally1 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clif=d1 a me*anical eng9e]1 de/9$ to be responsibly associat$ ) a l>ge proportion ( ! cables s9ce laid4 ,besides ,mr4 ,:iteh\se 7^: heal?1 h[ev]1 did n p]mit him to accompany ! exp$ition7 !re 7 on ! electrical /aff ,mr4 ,c4 ,v4 de ,sauty1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,laws1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,lamb]t1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,a4 ,c4 ,saund]s1 ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,smi?1 ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,collett1 & ,mr4 ,*>les ,g]h>di1 all ( :om 7 aft]w>d prom95tly connect$ ) subsequ5t subm>9e cable und]tak+s4 ,_! respective en]gies 7 divid$ up betwe5 ! two lay+ %ips4#ai ,! exp$ition 0 to be fur!r /r5g!n$ by a repres5tative ( ,! ,times1 z well z ( ! ,daily ,news & ,new ,york ,h]ald4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--;,coil+ ! ,cable on ,bo>d4 ,on ! vessels be+ fully load$ ready = ! />t1 s5d-(f fe/ivities occurr$1 9 :i* all classes ( ^? engag$ on ! "w took "p4 ,! ,times rec\nt$ ! function on bo>d ! ,agamemnon z foll[s3 ,! ?ree c5tral tables 7 occupi$ by ! crew ( ! ,agamemnon1 a f9e1 active body ( m51 :o paid ! greate/ att5tion to ! spee*es1 & drank all ! toa/s ) an admirable punctuality--at lea/1 s long z _! ?ree p9ts ( be] p] man la/$4 ,b we regret to add t ) ! heat ( ! day & ! en?usiasm ( ,jack 9 ! cause ( sci5ce1 ! mugs 7 all empty long be=e ! *airman's li/ ( toa/s _h be5 gone ?r\gh4 ,next 9 int]e/ to ! sailors 7 ! workm5 & _! wives & babies1 all be+ p]mitt$ to assi/4 ,! latt]1 x is true1 sometimes squall$ at an affect+ p]oration1 b t r improv$ ! effect ?an o!rwise1 & ! pres5ce ( _! little ones only m>k$ ! g5u9e good feel+ ( ! employ]s1 :o _h ?us invit$ n only _! workm51 b _! workm5's families to ! fea/4 ,x 0 a mom5t>y return to ! old patri>*al times4 ,?is function hav+ come to an end1 ! ,agamemnon set out = ,%e]ness4 ,:5 leav+ h] moor+s1 opposite ,glass ,elliot's works1 ! sc5e 0 "o ( consid]able int]e/4 ,x is record$ t _m ?\s&s ( p]sons ?rong$ ! riv]side z f> z ,gre5wi* ,hospital4 ,9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( ! factory a salute 0 fir$ z ! pr\d vessel mov$ away1 & a deaf5+ *e] 0 rais$ by ! assembl$ cr[ds4 ,! crew ( ,h4,m4,s4 ,agamemnon mann$ ! gunwales1 & return$ ! *e] ) lu/y lungs1 :ile f ! /]n gall]y1 ladies wav$ _! h&k]*iefs1 & savants =got = a :ile ! my/]ies ( electricity & subm>9e-cable "w1 z !y return$ ! he>ty *e]s :i* rea*$ !m f ! %ore4 ,simil> proce$+s took place on bo>d ! ,niag>a1 & ! two %ips met at ,que5/[n1 ,c\nty ,cork1 on ,july #cj1 #aheg4 ,!y 7 moor$ ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile ap>t1 & a piece ( cable run betwe5 ! two to enable ! entire l5g? ( l9e 7#b1ejj ,n4,m47 to be te/$ & work$ ?r\gh4 ,! result 0 all t c\ld be desir$1 & ! ,wire ,squadron set sail = ! r5dezv\s at ,val5tia ,bay on ,monday1 ,augu/ #c;d4 ,besides ! vessels already nam$1 !re 7 ,h4,m4 t5d] ,advice & ! /eam-tug ,will+ ,m9d to assi/ 9 l&+ ! cable at ,val5tia1 z well z ! ,u4,s4 screw-/eam] ,arctic & ! paddle-/eam] ,victoria 7,newf\ndl& ,telegraph ,company7 on duty 9 ,tr9ity ,bay1 ,newf\ndl&1 to await ! arrival ( ! fleet & assi/ 9 l&+ ! cable at t end4 ,on arrival 9 h>bor ! foll[+ day1 ! %ips 7 hospitably welcom$ by 8 ,excell5cy ! ,"l-,lieut5ant ( ,irel& 7! ,e>l ( ,c>lisle71 :o _h j\rney$ f ,dubl9 ,ca/le = ! purpose4 ,a djeun] banquet 0 giv5 by ! ,knight ( ,k]ry 7,sir ,pet] ,fitzg]ald71 ! "l ( ! manor = _m miles r\nd1 & ?is little corn] ( ,irel&--! next p>i% to ,am]ica--0 q en fte = ! occasion4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,fir/ ,,/>t ,l&+ ! ,end--,godspe$--,a ,bad ,beg9n+--,return ,home4 ,l&+ ! ,cable at ,val5tia1 ,irel&4--,! foll[+ day 0 occupi$ 9 l&+ ! massive %ore end1 :i*--weigh+ ne>ly t5 tons to ! mile1 z already describ$--0 calculat$ to )/& damage f any an*orage 9 ! bay1 besides be+ pro( aga9/ di/urbance & damage f surf or curr5ts4 ,! l&+-place :i* _h be5 f9ally select$ 0 a little cove kn[n z ,ballyc>b]ry1 ab\t ?ree miles f ,cahircive51 9 ,val5tia h>bor 7,fig4 #ad74 ,! two small assi/ant /eam]s--,will+ ,m9d1 a tug ) a zeal wor?y ( h] "n1 & ,advice1 ready n m]ely ) advice b mo/ lu/y help--) sev]al o!r laun*es & boats1 7 employ$ 9 ! op]ation1 :i* 0 ?us describ$ 9 "o ( ! _m newspap] reports3 ,val5tia ,bay 0 /udd$ ) innum]able small craft deck$ ) ! gaye/ bunt+4 ,small boats flitt$ hi!r & ?i!r1 _! occupants *e]+ en?usia/ically z ! "w successfully progress$4 ,! cable-boats 7 manag$ by ! sailors ( ! ,niag>a & ! ,susquehanna4 ,x 0 a well-design$ complim5t1 & indicative ( ! future frat]nization ( ! nations1 t ! %ore rope 0 arrang$ to be pres5t$ on ! ,engli% side ( ! ,atlantic to ! repres5tative ( ! ,que5 by ! (fic]s & m5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates navy1 & t on ! ,am]ican side ! ,briti% (fic]s & sailors %\ld make a simil> pres5tation to ! ,presid5t ( ! great republic4 ,f ! ma9l& ! op]ations 7 wat*$ ) int5se int]e/4 ,= sev]al h\rs ! ,"l-,lieut5ant /ood on ! bea*1 surr\nd$ by 8 /aff & ! directors ( ! railway & telegraph companies1 wait+ ! arrival ( ! cable4 ,:5 at l5g? ! ,am]ican sailors jump$ ?r\gh ! surge ) ! haws] to :i* x 0 atta*$1 8 ,excell5cy 0 among ! fir/ to lay hold ( x & pull x lu/ily to ! %ore4 ,inde$1 e "o pres5t seem$ desir\s ( hav+ a h& 9 ! great "w4 ,at half pa/ sev5 t ev5+ 7,augu/ #e1 #aheg7 ! cable 0 haul$ on %ore at ,ballyc>b]ry ,/r&1 & =mal pres5tation 0 made ( x by ! (fic] 9 comm& ( ! ,niag>a to ! ,"l-,lieut5ant1 8 ,excell5cy express+ a hope t ! "w s well begun w\ld be c>ri$ to a satisfactory completion4 ,! vic> ( ! p>i% !n (f]$ a pray] = ! success ( ! und]tak+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--,l&+ ! ,iri% ,end ( ! ,cable4 ,! "w connect$ ) ! l&+ ( ! %ore end 0 n actually complet$ till sunset2 s1 z x 0 too late !n to set out & />t cable-lay+1 ! %ips rema9$ at an*or 9 ! bay till daybreak4 ,t night !re 0 a gr& ball at ! little village ( ,k+/[n1 & ! day dawn caught ! m]rymak]s /ill engag$ 9 _! fe/ivities4 ,lay+ ! ,fir/ ,ocean ,cable1 #aheg4--,ow+ to ! fact t ! cable _h _h to be divid$ betwe5 two %ips x 0 obvi\s t a mid-ocean splice betwe5 ! two l5g?s 0 involv$4 ,! eng9e]-9-*ief 7,mr4 ,bright7 0 anxi\s bo? %ips %\ld />t lay+ t[>d _! respective %ores f mid-ocean1 z by t plan favorable wea!r = ! splice c\ld be wait$ =1 besides halv+ ! "t occupi$ 9 lay+ ! l9e1 !reby r$uc+ *ances ( bad-wea!r exp]i5ce & gett+ ov] ! mo/ difficult 7deep-wat]7 "p ( ! "w fir/4 ,! electricians1 h[ev]1 made mu* ( ! importance ( be+ 9 cont9u\s communication ) %ore dur+ lay+ op]ations2 & ?is view appeal$ to ! ,bo>d--p>tly1 no d\bt1 on acc\nt ( ! novelty ( be+ able f headqu>t]s to speak to a %ip z %e proce$$ across ! ,atlantic4 ,x _h1 !re=e1 be5 arrang$ = ! lay+ ( ! cable to be />t$ by ! ,niag>a f ! ,iri% coa/1 ! ,agamemnon lay+ ! rema9+ half f mid-ocean4 ,! %ips got "u weigh at an e>ly h\r on ! morn+ foll[+ ! l&+ ( ! %ore end4 ,pay+ out comm5c$ f ! ,niag>a's =ep>t2 & z ! di/ance f !re to ! /]n 0 consid]able1 a numb] ( m5 7 /ation$ at int]vals1 l s5tries1 to see t e foot ( ! l9e rea*$ its de/9ation 9 safety4 ,! ma*9]y did n seem at fir/ to take k9dly to its "w1 giv+ v5t to _m om9\s groans4 ,aft] five miles _h be5 disgorg$1 ! l9e caught 9 "s ( ! app>atus & p>t$4 ,! good %ip at once put back & ! cable 0 und]run by ! ,will+ ,m9d1 ) boats1 ! :ole di/ance f ! %ore--a t$i\s & h>d task1 z may be imag9$4 ,at l5g? ! end 0 lift$ out ( ! wat] & splic$ to ! coil on bo>d2 & z ! bight ( ! cable dropp$ safely to ! bottom ( ! sea1 ! mighty %ip /eam$ ahead once m4 ,at fir/ %e mov$ v sl[ly1 n m ?an two miles an h\r1 to avoid ! dang] ( ano!r accid5t1 b ! feel+ t !y 7 at la/ away 0 9 itself a relief4 ,! %ips 7 all 9 sight1 & s ne> t !y c\ld he> ea* o!r's bells4 ,! ,niag>a1 z if kn[+ %e 0 b\nd = ! l& out ( ^: =e/s %e came1 b[$ h] head pr\dly to ! waves4 ,sl[ly pass$ ! h\rs ( t day1 9 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,field's words1 b all w5t well1 & ! %ips 7 mov+ out into ! broad ,atlantic4 ,at l5g? ! sun w5t d[n 9 ! we/1 & />s came out on ! face ( ! deep4 ,b no man slept4 ,a ?\s& eyes 7 wat*+ a great exp]im5t1 includ+ ^? :o _h a p]sonal int]e/ 9 ! issue4 ,all ?r\gh t night1 & ?r\gh ! anxi\s days & nights t foll[$1 !re 0 a feel+ 9 ! he>t ( e s\l on bo>d1 z if "s de> fri5d 7 at ! turn+-po9t ( dea?1 & !y 7 wat*+ beside him4 ,!re 0 a /range1 unnatural sil5ce 9 ! %ip4 ,m5 pac$ ! deck ) s(t & muffl$ tread1 speak+ only 9 :isp]s1 z if a l\d or heavy footfall might snap ! vital cord4 ,s mu* _h !y gr[n to feel = ! ent]prise1 t ! cable seem$ to !m l a human creature1 on ^: fate !y !mselves hung1 z if x 7 to decide _! own de/9y4 ,!re are "s :o w nev] =get t fir/ night at sea4 ,p]haps ! reaction f ! excitem5t on %ore made ! impression ! deep]4 ,!re are mom5ts 9 life :5 ev]y?+ comes back to u4 ,:at memories cropp$ up 9 ^? long night h\rs6 ,h[ _m on bo>d t %ip1 z !y /ood on ! deck & wat*$ t my/]i\s cord disappe>+ 9 ! d>kness1 ?\ght ( homes beyond ! sea1 ( abs5t ones1 ( ! di/ant & ( ! dead4 ,b no mus+s turn$ !m f ! "w 9 h&4 ,!re 7 vigilant eyes on deck--,mr4 ,bright1 ! eng9e]-9-*ief1 0 !re2 also1 9 turn1 ,mr4 ,woodh\se & ,mr4 ,cann+1 8 *ief assi/ants4444 ,! pay+-out ma*9]y did its "w1 & ?\gh x made a con/ant rumble 9 ! %ip1 t dull1 heavy s\nd 0 music 9 _! e>s1 z x told !m t all 0 well4 ,if "o %\ld drop asleep1 & wake up at night1 he _h only to he> ! s\nd ( '! old c(fee-mill' &1 8 fe>s be+ reliev$1 he w\ld g to sleep aga94 ,! next 0 a day ( beautiful wea!r4 ,! %ips 7 gett+ f>!r away f l&1 & began to /eam ahead at ! rate ( f\r & five knots4 ,! cable 0 paid out at a spe$ a little fa/] ?an ! %ip1 to all[ = inequalities ( surface on ! bottom ( ! sea4 ,:ile x 0 ?us go+ ov]bo>d1 communication 0 kept up con/antly ) ! l&1 p>tly by :at are kn[n z cont9uity signals--i4 e41 electrical signals at def9ite "t int]vals f %ip to %ore1 z a te/ ( ! cont9uity ( ! l9e4 ,to quote ,mr4 ,field aga93 ,e mom5t ! curr5t 0 pass+ betwe5 %ip & %ore4 ,! communication 0 z p]fect z betwe5 ,liv]pool & ,london1 or ,bo/on & ,new ,york4 ,n only did ! electricians telegraph back to ,val5tia ! progress !y 7 mak+1 b ! (fic]s on bo>d s5t messages to _! fri5ds 9 ,am]ica to g out by ! /eam]s f ,liv]pool4 ,! heav5s seem$ to smile on !m t day4 ,! coils came up f bel[ ! deck )\t a k9k1 &1 unw9d+ !mselves easily1 pass$ ov] ! /]n into ! sea4 ,all ,sunday 7#i? in/47 ! same favor+ =tune cont9u$2 & :5 ! (fic]s :o c\ld be sp>$ f ! deck met 9 ! cab91 & ,capta9 ,hudson read ! s]vice1 x 0 ) subdu$ voices & grateful he>ts t !y respond$ to ! pray]s to ',him :o spreade? out ! heav5s & rule? ! rag+ ( ! sea4' ,on ,monday 7#aj?7 !y 7 ov] two hundr$ miles at sea4 ,!y _h got f> beyond ! %all[ wat]s (f ! coa/4 ,!y _h pass$ ov] ! subm>9e m\nta9 t figures on ! *>ts ( ,dayman & ,b]ryman1 & :]e ,mr4 ,bright's log gives a desc5t f #eej to #a1gej fa?oms )9 eight miles4 ,!n !y came to ! deep] wat]s ( ! ,atlantic :]e ! cable sank to ! awful dep?s ( #b1jjj fa?oms4 ,/ill ! iron cord buri$ itself 9 ! waves1 & e in/ant ! fla% ( light 9 ! d>k5$ telegraph room told ( ! passage ( ! electric curr5t4 ,ev]y?+ w5t well till #c4de ,p4,m4 on ! f\r? day out 7,tuesday1 ,augu/ #aa?71 :5 ! cable snapp$1 aft] #chj miles _h be5 laid1 ow+ to mismanagem5t on ! "p ( ! me*anic at ! brakes4 ,?us ! famili> ?9 l9e :i* _h be5 /ream+ out f ! ,niag>a = six days 0 no long] to be se5 by ! accompany+ vessels4 ,"o :o 0 pres5t wrote3 ,! unbidd5 te> />t$ to _m a manly eye4 ,! int]e/ tak5 9 ! ent]prise by (fic]s & m5 alike exce$$ any?+ ev] se51 & !re is no wond] t !re %\ld h be5 s mu* emotion on ! occasion ( ! accid5t4 ,! foll[+ report f ,bright gives ! details ( ! exp$ition up to ! "t ( ?is regrettable occurr5ce3 ,,report ,,to ,,! ,,directors ,,( ,,! ,,atlantic ,,telegraph ,,company1 ,,augu/1 #aheg ,aft] leav+ ,val5tia on ! ev5+ ( ! #g? in/1 ! pay+ out ( ! cable f ! ,niag>a progress$ mo/ satisfactorily until imm$iately be=e ! mi%ap4 ,at ! junction betwe5 ! %ore & ! small] cable1 ab\t eight miles f ! />t+-po9t1 x 0 necess>y to /op to r5ew ! splice4 ,?is 0 successfully effect$1 & ! end ( ! heavi] cable l[]$ by a haws] until x rea*$ ! bottom1 two buoys be+ atta*$ at a %ort di/ance ap>t to m>k ! place ( union4 ,by noon ( ! #h? we _h paid out #dj miles ( cable1 includ+ ! heavy %ore end4 ,our exact position at ! "t 0 9 lat4 #ej #ei #cf ,n41 long4 #aa #ai #ae ,w41 & ! dep? ( ! wat] accord+ to ! s\nd+s tak5 by ! ,cyclops--^: c\rse we ne>ly foll[$--n9ety fa?oms4 ,up to #d ,p4 ,m4 on t day ! egress ( ! cable _h be5 regulat$ by ! p[] necess>y to keep ! ma*9]y 9 motion at a slightly high] rate ?an t ( ! %ip2 b z ! wat] deep5$ x 0 necess>y to place "s fur!r re/ra9t ^u ! cable by apply+ pressure to ! friction-drums 9 connection ) ! pay+-out %eaves4 ,by midnight #he miles _h be5 safely laid1 ! dep? ( ! wat] be+ !n a little m ?an #bjj fa?oms4 ,at eight o'clock on ! morn+ ( ! #i? we _h exhau/$ ! deck coil 9 ! aft] "p ( ! %ip1 hav+ paid out #abj miles4 ,! *ange to ! coil betwe5 decks =w>d 0 safely made4 ,by noon we _h laid #acf miles ( cable1 ! ,niag>a hav+ rea*$ lat4 #eb1 #aa #dj ,n41 long4 #ac #j #bj ,w41 & ! dep? ( ! wat] hav+ increas$ to #daj fa?oms4 ,9 ! ev5+ ! spe$ ( ! vessel 0 rais$ to five knots4 ,i _h previ\sly kept d[n ! rate at f ?ree to f\r knots = ! small cable1 & two = ! heavy end next ! %ore1 wi%+ to get ! m5 & ma*9]y well at "w prior to atta9+ ! spe$ :i* ,i _h int5d$ mak+4 ,by midnight #ahi miles ( cable _h be5 laid4 ,at f\r o'clock on ! morn+ ( ! #aj? ! dep? began to increase rapidly f #eej to #a1gej fa?oms 9 a di/ance ( eight miles4 ,up to ?is "t a /ra9 ( #g cwt4 suffic$ to keep ! rate ( ! cable ne> en\gh to t ( ! %ip2 b z ! wat] deep5$ ! proportionate spe$ ( ! cable advanc$1 & x 0 necess>y to augm5t ! pressure by degrees until at a dep? ( #a1gjj fa?oms ! indicator %[$ a /ra9 ( #ae cwt41 :ile ! cable & ! %ip 7 runn+ five & a half & five knots respectively4 ,at noon on ! #aj? we _h paid out #bee miles ( cable--! vessel hav+ made #bad miles f ! %ore--be+ !n 9 lat4 #eb #bg #ej ,n41 long4 #af #ae ,w4 ,at ?is "t we exp]i5c$ an increas+ swell1 foll[$ lat] 9 ! day by a /rong breeze4 ,f ?is p]iod1 hav+ rea*$ #b1jjj fa?oms ( wat]1 x 0 necess>y to increase ! /ra9 by a ton1 by :i* ! rate ( ! cable 0 ma9ta9$ 9 due proportion to t ( ! %ip4 ,at six o'clock 9 ! ev5+ "s difficulty arose ?r\gh ! cable gett+ out ( ! %eaves ( ! pay+-out ma*9e1 ow+ to ! pit* & t> h>d5+ 9 ! groove1#bj & a splice ( l>ge dim5sions pass+ ov] !m4 ,?is 0 rectifi$ by fix+ additional gu>ds & s(t5+ ! t> ) oil4 ,x 0 necess>y to br+ up ! %ip1 hold+ ! cable by /opp]s until x 0 aga9 prop]ly dispos$ ar\nd ! pulleys4 ,"s importance is due to ?is ev5t1 z %[+ t x is possible to lay to 9 deep wat] )\t cont9u+ to pay out ! cable1 a po9t ^u :i* d\bts h frequ5tly be5 express$4 ,%ortly aft] ?is ! spe$ ( ! cable ga9$ consid]ably on t ( ! %ip1 & up to n9e o'clock1 :ile ! rate ( ! latt] 0 ab\t ?ree knots1 by ! log1 ! cable 0 runn+ out f five & a half to five & ?ree-qu>t] knots4 ,! /ra9 0 !n rais$ to #be cwt41 b ! w9d & ! sea increas+1 & a curr5t at ! same "t c>ry+ ! cable at an angle f ! direct l9e ( ! %ip's c\rse1 x 0 f\nd insuffici5t to *eck ! cable1 :i* 0 at midnight mak+ two & a half knots above ! spe$ ( ! %ip1 & sometimes imp]il+ ! safe uncoil+ 9 ! hold4 ,! ret>d+ =ce 0 !re=e increas$ at two o'clock to an am\nt equival5t to #cj cwt41 & !n aga9--9 consequ5ce ( ! spe$ cont9u+ to be m ?an x w\ld be prud5t to p]mit--to #ce cwt4 ,by ?is ! rate ( ! cable 0 br\ght to a little %ort ( five knots1 at :i* x cont9u$ /eadily until #c4de ,a4,m41 :5 x p>t$1 ! l5g? paid out at ! "t be+ #chj miles4 ,i _h up to ?is att5d$ p]sonally to ! regulation ( ! brakes1 b f9d+ t all 0 go+ on well1 & x be+ necess>y t ,i %\ld be tempor>ily away f ! ma*9e--to asc]ta9 ! rate ( ! %ip1 to see h[ ! cable 0 com+ out ( ! hold1 & also to visit ! electrician's room--! ma*9e 0 = ! mom5t left 9 *>ge ( a me*anic :o _h be5 engag$ f ! fir/ 9 its con/ruction & fitt+1 & 0 acqua9t$ ) its op]ation4 ,9 proce$+ t[>d ! =e "p ( ! %ip ,i he>d ! ma*9e /op4 ,i imm$iately call$ out to relieve ! brakes1 b :5 ,i rea*$ ! spot ! cable 0 brok54 ,on exam9+ ! ma*9e--:i* 0 o!rwise 9 p]fect ord]--,i f\nd t ! brakes _h n be5 releas$1 & to ?is1 or to ! h&-:eel ( ! brake be+ turn$ ! wrong way1 may be attribut$ ! /oppage & consequ5t fracture ( ! cable4 ,:5 ! rate ( ! :eels grew sl[]1 z ! %ip dropp$ h] /]n 9 ! swell1 ! brake %\ld h be5 eas$4 ,?is _h be5 done regul>ly :5ev] an unusually sudd5 desc5t ( ! %ip tempor>ily )drew ! pressure f ! cable 9 ! sea4 ,b ow+ to our ent]+ ! deep wat] ! previ\s morn+1 & hav+ all h&s ready = any em]g5cy t might occur !re1 ! *ief "p ( my /aff _h be5 compell$ to give 9 at night ?r\gh %e] exhau/ion1 & h5ce1 be+ %ort-h&$1 ,i 0 oblig$ = ! "t to leave ! ma*9e )\t1 z x prov$1 suffici5t intellig5ce to control x4 ,i p]ceive t on ! next occasion x w be ne$ful1 f ! we>+ & anxi\s nature ( ! "w1 to h ?ree sep>ate relays ( /aff1 & to employ = att5tion to ! brakes a high] degree ( me*anical skill4 ,! orig9 ( ! accid5t 01 no d\bt1 ! am\nt ( ret>d+ /ra9 put ^u ! cable1 b _h ! ma*9e be5 prop]ly manipulat$ at ! "t1 x c\ld n possibly h tak5 place4 ,= ?ree days 9 %all[ & deep wat]1 z well z 9 rapid transitions f "o to ! o!r1 no?+ c\ld be m p]fect ?an ! work+ ( ! cable ma*9]y4 ,x _h be5 made extra heavy ) a view to recov]y "w4 ,x1 h[ev]1 p]=m$ its duty s smoo?ly & effici5tly 9 ! small] dep?s--:]e ! weight ( ! cable _h less ability to ov]come its friction & resi/ance--t x c sc>cely be said to be too heavy = pay+ out 9 deep wat]1 :]e x 0 necess>y1 f ! increas$ weight ( cable1 to re/ra9 its rapid motion1 by apply+ to x a consid]able degree ( additional friction4 ,its action 0 mo/ complete1 & all p>ts work$ well toge!r4 ,i see h[ ! ge> c be improv$ by a modification 9 ! =m ( %eave1 by an addition to ! arrangem5t = adju/+ ! brakes1 & "s o!r alt]ations2 b ) prop] managem5t1 )\t any *ange :atev]1 ,i am confid5t t ! :ole l5g? ( cable might h be5 safely laid by x4 ,& x mu/ be rememb]$1 z a te/ ( ! "w :i* x has done1 t un=tunate z ?is t]m9ation to ! exp$ition is1 ! longe/ l5g? ( cable ev] laid has be5 paid out by x1 & t 9 ! deepe/ wat] yet pass$ ov]4 ,aft] ! accid5t _h occurr$1 s\nd+s 7 tak5 by ,lieut5ant ,dayman f ! ,cyclops1 & ! dep? f\nd to be #b1jjj fa?oms4 ,x w be rememb]$ t "s importance 0 atta*$ to ! cable on bo>d ! ,niag>a & ,agamemnon be+ manufactur$ 9 opposite lays4#ba ,i ?\ght ?is a favorable opportunity to %[ t practically ! diff]5ce 0 n ( consequ5ce 9 effect+ ! junction 9 mid-ocean4 ,we !re=e made a splice betwe5 ! two vessels4 ,?is 0 !n l[]$ 9 a heavy sea1 aft] :i* sev]al miles 7 paid out )\t difficulty4 ,i reque/$ ! comm&]s ( ! sev]al vessels to proce$ to ,plym\?1 z ! docks !re af=d bett] facilities ?an any o!r port = l&+ ! cable %\ld x be necess>y to d s4 ,! :ole ( ! cable rema9+ on bo>d has be5 c>efully te/$ & inspect$1 & f\nd to be 9 z p]fect condition z :5 x left ! works at ,gre5wi* & ,birk5head respectively4 ,"o important po9t presses = y\r consid]ation at an e>ly p]iod4 ,a l>ge portion ( cable already laid may be recov]$ at a comp>atively small exp5se4 ,i app5d an e/imate ( ! co/1 & %all be glad to receive y\r au?ority to proce$ ) ?is "w4 ,i d n p]ceive 9 our pres5t position any reason = disc\ragem5t2 b ,i h1 on ! contr>y1 a great] confid5ce ?an ev] 9 ! und]tak+4 ,x has be5 prov$ beyond a d\bt t no ob/acle exi/s to prev5t our ultimate success2 & ,i see cle>ly h[ e difficulty :i* has pres5t$ itself 9 ?is voyage c be effectually dealt ) 9 ! next4 ,! cable has be5 laid at ! expect$ rate 9 ! great dep?s2 its electric work+ ?r\gh ! entire l5g? has be5 satisfactorily accompli%$1 :ile ! portion laid1 actually improv$ 9 effici5cy by be+ subm]g$--f ! l[ temp]ature ( ! wat] & ! increas$ close texture ( gutta-p]*a !reby effect$4 ,me*anically speak+1 ! /ructure ( ! cable has answ]$ e expectation t ,i _h =m$ ( x4 ,its weight 9 wat] is s adju/$ to ! dep? t /ra9 is )9 a manageable scope2 :ile ! effects ( ! und]curr5ts ^u its surface prove h[ dang]\s x w\ld be to lay a mu* light] rope1 :i* w\ld1 by ! great] "t occupi$ 9 s9k+1 expose an increas$ surface to _! p[]1 besides its desc5t be+ at an angle su* z w\ld n provide = good lay+ at ! bottom4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 reg>d to any fur!r l5g? made1 ,i w\ld take ?is opportunity ( aga9 /rongly urg+ ! desirability ( a mu* l>g] conductor & correspond+ increase 9 ! weight ( insulation1 9 accordance ) my orig9al recomm5dation4--,i h ! honor to rema91 g5tlem51 y\rs v fai?fully1 ,,*>les ,t4 ,,bright1 ,eng9e]-9-,*ief4 ,to ! ,directors ( ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,prep>ations ,,= ,,ano!r ,,attempt ,tak+ ,/ock--,fur!r ,capital--,alt]ations 9 ,pay+-,out ,ma*9]y--,improv$ ,te/+ & ,signal+ ,app>atus4 ,?is unt[>d int]ruption to ! exp$ition 0 naturally a cause ( great disappo9tm5t to all connect$ ) ! und]tak+2 = !re 0 n en\gh cable left to complete ! "w1 nor 0 !re "t to get m made & /[$ on bo>d to r5ew ! attempt be=e ! season w\ld be too f> advanc$4 ,! squadron proce$$ to ,plym\? to unload ! cable into tanks at ,keyham 7n[ ,devonport7 ,docky>d1 *iefly because "s ( ! %ips c\ld n be sp>$ by _! respective gov]nm5ts till ! foll[+ ye>4 ,9 ! middle ( ,octob] 7#aheg71 ! eng9e]-9-*ief proce$$ to ,val5tia 9 a small paddle-/eam] ) ! object ( pick+ up "s ( ! lo/ l9e f ?is end4 ,aft] exp]i5c+ a s]ies ( gales1 ov] fifty miles ( ! ma9 cable 7 recov]$1 & ! %ore end buoy$ ready = splic+ on to 9 ! com+ ye>4 ,! fir/ exp$ition _h op5$ ! eyes ( ! inve/+ public to ! va/ness ( ! und]tak+1 & l$ _m to d\bt :o did n d\bt be=e4 ,"s began to look ^u x z a romantic adv5ture ( ! sea1 r ?an z a s]i\s comm]cial und]tak+4 ,?is decl9e ( popul> fai? 0 felt z soon z !re 0 a call = m money4 ,! loss ( #cce miles ( cable1 ) ! po/ponem5t ( ! exp$ition to ano!r ye>1 0 equival5t to a loss ( #ajj1jjj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--,re%ipm5t ( ! ,cable abo>d ,h4,m4,s4 ,agamemnon & ,u4,s4,n4,s4 ,niag>a 9 ,keyham ,bas94 ,rais+ ,fur!r ,capital4--,to make ! above sum good1 ! capital ( ! company _h to be increas$1 & ?is new capital 0 n s readily obta9able4 ,! projectors f\nd t x 0 easy to g ) ! curr5t ( popul> en?usiasm1 b v h>d to /em a gr[+ tide ( popul> di/ru/4 ,& x mu/ also be rememb]$ t1 f ! v fir/1 ! section ( ! public :i* look$ ) di/ru/ ^u ! idea ( an ,atlantic telegraph 0 f> 9 excess ( t :i* did n2 inde$1 ! opposition enc\nt]$ 0 mu* on a p> ) ! great popul> prejudice :i* ,george ,/eph5son _h to ov]come :5 project+ 8 great railway s*emes4 ,b :atev] ! depression at ! untimely t]m9ation ( ! fir/ exp$ition1 x did n int]f]e ) r5ew$ & vigor\s ef=ts to prep>e = a second4 ,9 ! end ! appeal to ! %>ehold]s = m money 0 respond$ to2 & ! directors 7 enabl$ to give ord]s = ! manufacture ( #gjj miles ( new cable ( ! same description1 to make up = :at _h be5 lo/1 & to provide a surplus aga9/ all cont+5cies4 ,?us1 #c1jjj nautical miles 9 all 7 %ipp$ ?is "t1 in/ead ( #b1ejj miles4 ,alt]ations 9 ! ,pay+-,out ,ge>4--,new pay+-out ma*9]y 0 devis$ ) a view to obviat+ ! possibility ( a recurr5ce ( ! accid5t on ! fir/ exp$ition4 ,9 ! new app>atus ! brake 7,fig4 #af7 0 s arrang$ t a lev] ex]cis$ a uni=m hold+ p[] 9 exact proportion to ! weights atta*$ to x 7,fig4 #ag72 & :ile capable ( be+ releas$ by a h&-:eel1 x c\ld n be tight5$4 ,! g5]al idea ( ?is clev] appliance _h be5 orig9ally introduc$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,appold 9 connection ) ! crank app>atus 9 jails2 & x 0 n[ especially adapt$ to ! exig5cies ( cable "w by ! eng9e] 7,mr4 ,bright7 & ,mr4 ,c4 ,e4 ,amos1 a memb] ( ! fam\s eng9e]+ firm1 ,ea/on ,amos1 :o con/ruct$ ! entire ma*9]y4 ,! great future ( ! app>atus 0 t x provid$ = automatic brake-release1 ^u ! /ra9 exce$+ t int5d$4 ,?us1 only a maximum agre$ /ra9 c\ld be appli$1 ?is be+ regulat$ f "t to "t by weights1 accord+ to ! dep? ( wat] & consequ5t weight ( cable be+ paid out4 ,9 pass+ f ! hold to ! /]n ( ! lay+ vessel1 ! cable is tak5 r\nd a drum1 or drums4 ,fig4 #ah gives a g5]al view ( ! app>atus4 ,atta*$ to ! axle ( ! drum is a :eel fitt$ ) an iron friction-/rap 7to :i* are fix$ blocks ( h>d wood7 capable ( ex]t+ a giv5 ret>d+ p[]1 v>y+ ) ! weights hung on to ! lev] :i* tight5s ! /rap4 ,:5 ! friction becomes great1 ! :eels h an increas$ t5d5cy to c>ry ! wood5 blocks r\nd ) !m2 ?us ! lev]-b>s are deflect$ f ! v]tical l9e & ! iron b& op5$ suffici5tly to less5 ! brake-p[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4--,! ,self-,releas+ ,brake4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4--,! ,pr9ciple ( ! ,brake4 ,bright also introduc$ a dynamomet] app>atus = indicat+ & controll+ ! /ra9 dur+ pay+ out--a va/ improvem5t on t embodi$ 9 ! previ\s ma*9es4 ,! work+ ( ! entire ma*9e 0 z foll[s3 ,betwe5 ! two brake-drums & ! /]n ( ! vessel1 ! cable 0 l$ "u ! groov$ :eel1 ,o1 ( ! dynamomet]4 ,?is :eel _h a weight atta*$ to x1 & c\ld be mov$ up or d[n 9 an iron frame4 ,if ! /ra9 ^u ! cable 0 small1 ! :eel w\ld b5d ! cable d[nw>d1 & its index w\ld %[ a l[ degree ( pressure2 b :5ev] ! /ra9 increas$1 ! cable1 9 /raight5+ itself1 w\ld at once lift ! dynamomet]-:eel ) ! indicator atta*$ to x1 :i* %[$ ! pressure 9 hundr$weights & tons4 ,! am\nt ( /ra9 ) a giv5 weight ^u ! :eel1 ,g1 0 det]m9$ by exp]im5ts1 & a h&-:eel 9 connection ) ! lev]s ( ! pay+-out ma*9e 0 plac$ imm$iately opposite ! dynamomet]2 s t1 directly ! indicator %[$ /ra9 increas+1 ! p]son 9 *>ge c\ld at once1 by turn+ ! h&-:eel1 lift up ! weights t tight5$ ! friction-/raps1 & s let ! cable run freely ?r\gh ! pay+-out ma*9e4 ,al?\gh1 !re=e1 ! /ra9 c\ld be r$uc$--or entirely )drawn--9 a mom5t1 x c\ld n be increas$ by ! man at ! :eel4 ,! cable 9 com+ f ! tanks1 pass$ "u a lightly weight$ 'jockey1'#bb ,j1 pulley4 ,?is arrangem5t1 :ile lead+ ! l9e on to ! drums1 at ! same "t *eck$ x slightly4 ,f "h x 0 guid$ by a groov$ pulley1 or ,v-%eave1#bc ,l1 along ! tops ( bo? drums1 at ,b1 !n ?ree times r\nd !m1 & h5ce ov] ano!r ,v-%eave1 ,f1 & on to ! dynamomet]4 ,f ?is ! cable 0 l$ ov] a second pulley1 & s into ! sea by ! /]n-%eaves4#bd ,?is entire app>atus--simplifi$ z reg>ds ! brake--has s9ce be5 univ]sally adopt$ = subm>9e-cable "w1#be ) ! exception t a s+le-flang$ drum1 fitt$ ) a sort ( pl[1 skid1 or knife-edge--to guide or fleet ! incom+ turn ( cable correctly on to ! drum--is n[ us$ 9 place ( ! groov$ %eave1 or %eaves4 ,z soon z ! new ma*9]y 0 con/ruct$1 all ! eng9e]+ /aff ga!r$ toge!r = ! purpose ( ?or\ghly acqua9t+ !mselves ) its work+4 ,mr4 ,f4 ,c4 ,webb1 hav+ engagem5ts else:]e1 _h be5 replac$ by ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,ev]ett1 ,u4,s4,a41 :o _h be5 *ief m>9e eng9e] ( ! ,niag>a4 ,mr4 ,ev]ett 0 to h *>ge ( ! ma*9]y on ! lay+ vessel1 :ile ,mr4 ,woodh\se controll$ ! cable op]ations4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--;,bright's ,pay+-out ,ge>1 #aheh4 ,alt]ations 9 ! ,electrical ,app>atus4--,s9ce ! manufacture ( ! cable 9 #aheg1 ,pr(essor ,?omson _h become impress$ ) ! conviction t ! electric conductivity ( copp] v>i$ greatly ) its degree ( purity4 ,z a result ( ! pr(essor's fur!r inve/igations1 ! extra l5g? ( cable made = ! com+ exp$ition 0 subject$ to sy/ematic & se>*+ te/s = ! purity & conductivity ( ! copp]4 ,e hank ( wire 0 te/$1 & all ^: conduct+ p[] fell bel[ a c]ta9 value reject$4 ,"h1 !n1 we h ! fir/ in/ance ( an organiz$ sy/em ( te/+ = conductivity at ! cable factory--a sy/em :i* has ev] s9ce be5 rigor\sly insi/$ on4 ,pr(essor ,?omson's ,mirror ,in/rum5t4--,& n[1 9 ! spr+ ( #aheh1 an inv5tion 0 p]fect$ t 0 de/9$ to h a rem>kable effect on subm>9e-cable ent]prise4 ,= ,pr(essor ,?omson 7n[ ,"l ,kelv97 devis$ & p]fect$ ! mirror-speak+ in/rum5t1 !n (t5 describ$ z ! m>9e galvanomet]1#bf ( :i* x may be fairly said t x entirely revolutioniz$ long-di/ance signal+ & electrical te/+ abo>d %ip4 ,?is mo/ +5i\s app>atus consi/s ( a small & exce$+ly light /eel magnet 7a7 7,fig4 #ai7 ) a t9y reflector or mirror fix$ to x1 bo? toge!r weigh+ b a s+le gra9 or !reab\ts4 ,?is delicate magnet is susp5d$ f its c5t] by a filam5t ( silk & surr\nd$ by a coil 7b7 ( ! ?9ne/ insulat$ copp] wire4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4--,! ,reflect+ ,magnet4 ,a v weak curr5t is suffici5t to produce a slight1 ?\gh ne>ly imp]ceptible1 movem5t ( ! susp5d$ magnet :5 electricity passes ?r\gh ! surr\nd+ coil4 ,a f9e ray ( light f a %ad$ lamp1 beh9d a scre5 7,figs4 #bj & #ba7 at a %ort di/ance1 is direct$ ?r\gh a slot 9 ! scre51 !nce to ! op5 c5t] ( ! coil 7c7 ^u ! mirror4 ,x is !n reflect$ back to a graduat$ scale 7f74 ,z may be se5 f ,fig4 #ba1 an exce$+ly slight angle ( motion on ! "p ( ! magnet 7a7 is ?us made to magnify ! movem5t ( ! spot ( light ^u ! scale 7f71 & to r5d] x s consid]able z to be readily not$ by ! eye ( ! op]at+ cl]k4 ,! ray is br\ght to a focus by pass+ ?r\gh a l5s4 ,by comb9ations ( ^! movem5ts ( ! speck ( light 79 l5g? & direction7 ^u ! index1 an alphabet is readily =m$4 ,! magnet is artificially br\ght back to z]o ) great precision aft] ea* signal by ! e>?'s magnetism1 & also bo? by ! natural torsion ( ! fib] & ! controll+ action ( ! adju/+ magnet 7e7 7,fig4 #bj71 ) ! help ( ! ?umb-screw 7d7 = regulation purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4--,reflect+ ,galvanomet] & ,speak]4 ,9 a ^w1 ,pr(essor ,?omson's comb9$ mirror-telegraph & m>9e galvanomet] transmitt$ messages by multiply+ & magnify+ ! signals ?r\gh a cable by ! ag5cy ( impond]able light4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,x is only to be regrett$ t ! electrician responsible = ! subsequ5t work+ ?r\gh op]ations did n soon] appreciate ! great beauties ( ! above app>atus1 & ! advantage ( a small g5]at+ =ce su* z x alone requir$4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,trial ,,trip ,rehe>sal ( ,cable ,op]ations--,successful ,exp]im5ts & ,p]=mances4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--;,deck ( ,h4,m4,s4 ,agamemnon ) ,pay+-out ,app>atus4 ,! eng9e]-9-*ief 7,mr4 ,bright7 arrang$ t ?is "t an exp]im5tal exp$ition %\ld be fir/ made1 dur+ :i* a complete rehe>sal 0 to be gone ?r\gh ( ! v>i\s op]ations to be p]=m$ dur+ cable maneuv]s4 ,^! op]ations 7 to consi/ ( mak+ splices1 pick+ up & buoy+ 7besides lay+7 9 deep wat]1 & ex]cis+ all h&s 9 _! "w g5]ally4 ,x 0 on ?is occasion also agre$ t pay+ out %\ld />t f mid-ocean in/ead ( f ei!r %ore4 ,x 0 fur!r arrang$ t ! ma9 cable %\ld be buoy$ at ea* end1 & ! connection to x by ! heavy cable f %ore effect$ at ! e>lie/ opportunity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4--,/[age ( ! ,cable ,coils on ! ,niag>a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--,! ,load+ ( ! ,agamemnon4 ,all ! #c1jjj miles ( cable 0 coil$ into ! two l>ge %ips by ! end ( ,may4 ,fig4 #bb gives a g5]al idea ( ! pay+-out app>atus m\nt$ on ! deck ( ! ,agamemnon1 & ,fig4 #bc a view 9 section ( ! =e-tanks ( ! ,niag>a :5 load$ ) h] c>go ( cable4 ,! eng9e] _h ?is "t fitt$ ca/-iron cones 9 ! middle ( ea* cable-coil to meet ! requirem5ts ( safe pay+ out1 besides provid+ a l>ge m>g9 ( space to ! hat*way above4 ,fig4 #bd %[s ! load+ ( ! ,agamemnon4 ,! re/ ( ! telegraph squadron 0 on ?is occasion made up by ,h4,m4 ,gorgon1 ,h4,m4 paddle-/eam] ,valor\s1 & ,h4,m4 survey+-/eam] ,porcup9e4 ,! fleet set =? on _! second cruise on ,may #bi1 #aheh--?is "t )\t any %[ ( public en?usiasm4 ,mr4 ,bright 0 aga9 assi/$ by ! same eng9e]+ /aff1 b ,pr(essor ,?omson _h agre$ to take a m active "p 9 ! electrical "w4 ,! ,bay ( ,biscay 0 to be ! sc5e ( ! exp]im5ts--! actual site be+ ab\t #abj miles nor?we/ ( ,corunna1 :]e ! ,gorgon obta9$ s\nd+s ( #b1ecj fa?oms or ne>ly ?ree /atute miles4 ,! ,agamemnon & ,niag>a 7 !n back$ close toge!r1 /]n on1 & a /rong haws] 0 pass$ betwe5 !m4 ,ea* %ip _h on bo>d "s defective cable = ! exp]im5ts ab\t to be conduct$4 ,! proce$+s may p]haps be/ be describ$ by extracts f ! eng9e]'s di>y3 ,monday1 ,may #ca/1 #aj ,a4,m41 hove to1 lat4 #dg #aa1 long4 #i #cg4 ,up to midday engag$ 9 mak+ splice betwe5 exp]im5tal cable 9 =e coil & t 9 ma9 hold1 besides o!r m9or op]ations4 ,9 aft]noon gett+ haws] f ,niag>a & h] portion ( cable to make jo9t & splice4 #d ,p4,m41 comm5c$ splice2 #e4ae splice complet$2 #e4be1 let g splice-frame 7weight #c cwt47 ov] gangway1 amid%ips1 />bo>d side4#bg #e4cj1 aft] gett+ splice-frame 7conta9+ ! splice7 cle> ( ! %ip & l[]+ x to ! bottom1 ea* vessel 7!n ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile ap>t7 comm5c$ pay+ out 9 opposite directions4 #i ,p4,m41 got on bo>d ,niag>a's w>p & h] end ( cable to make ano!r splice = second exp]im5t4 ,june #a/4--#a ,a4,m4 7night71 electrical cont9uity gone1 ! cable hav+ p>t$ aft] two miles 9 all _h be5 paid out4#bh ,s9ce #a ,a4,m41 engag$ 9 haul+ 9 our cable4 ,recov]$ all our portion1 & ev5 manag$ to heave up ! splice-frame 79 p]fect condition71 besides #ajj fa?oms ( ,niag>a's cable1 :i* %e _h p>t$4 ,fa/5$ splice to /]n ( vessel & ceas$ op]ations4 #i4bc ,a4,m41 second exp]im5t4 ,/>t$ pay+-out aga94 ,wea!r v mi/y4 #i4dj1 "o mile paid out at /ra9 #af cwt42 angle ( cable #af ) ! horizon3 runn+ out /raight2 rate ( %ip #b1 cable #c4 #i4de1 *ang$ to l[] hold4 #i4ef1 two miles out2 la/ mile 9 #af-a_/b m9utes2 /ra9 #ag to #bj cwt42 angle ( cable #bj4 #aj4aj1 la/ ( ! ?ree miles out 9 #ad m9utes4 #aj4cb ,a4 ,m41 f\r & a half miles out4 ,?ird exp]im5t--/opp$ %ip1 l[]$ gu>d1 /opp]$ cable4 #aj4ej1 buoy let g1 /ra9 #af cwt4 :5 let g1 ! cable be+ ne>ly up & d[n4 #aa4f1 runn+ at rate ( #e-a_/b knots pay+ out1 /ra9 #ba to #bc cwt41 v>y+4 ,cable %ortly aft]w>d p>t$ ?r\gh gett+ jamm$ 9 ! ma*9]y4 ,! subsequ5t exp]im5ts 7 ma9ly 9 ! direction ( buoy+1 pick+ up1 & pass+ ! cable f ! /]n to ! b[ %eave = pick+ up4 ,all ( ^! op]ations 7 9 turn successfully p]=m$2 & f9ally1 9 pay+ out a spe$ ( sev5 knots 0 atta9$ )\t difficulty4 ,dur+ all ?is "t electrical communication _h be5 ma9ta9$ betwe5 ! %ips2 & x is some:at rem>kable t1 ?r\gh ?is m or less damag$ cable1 ! electricians 7 able to "w a ne$le-in/rum5t & obta9 a deflection on x ( #gj degrees4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4--;,exp]im5tal ,maneuv]s 9 ! ,bay ( ,biscay4 ,& n[1 ! program be+ exhau/$1 ! %ips return$ to ,plym\?4 ,on ! :ole1 ! trip _h prov$ em95tly satisfactory4 ,! pay+-out ma*9]y _h work$ well1 ! v>i\s eng9e]+ op]ations _h be5 successfully p]=m$1 & ! electrical work+ ?r\gh ! :ole cable 0 p]fect4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,/orm ,! wire %ips ?us additionally exp]i5c$ arriv$ at ,plym\? on ,june #c;d1 & "s fur!r arrangem5ts 7 made1 pr9cipally connect$ ) ! electrical dep>tm5t4 ,a week lat]--i4 e41 on ,?ursday1 ,june #aj?--hav+ tak5 9 a fre% supply ( coal1 ! exp$ition aga9 left ,engl& ) fair skies & bright prospects4 ,! b>omet] /&+ at #cj4fd1 x 0 an auspici\s />t 9 :at 0 decl>$ by a cons5sus ( nautical au?orities to be ! be/ "t ( ! ye> = ! ,atlantic4 ,?is progno/ication 0 doom$ to a t]rible disappo9tm5t1 = ! voyage ne>ly end$ 9 ! ,agamemnon turn+ turtle4 ,%e 0 repeat$ly almo/ on h] beam ends1 ! cable 0 p>tly %ift$1 & a l>ge numb] ( ^? on bo>d 7 m or less s]i\sly injur$4 ,! load ( cable made all ! diff]5ce :5 br\ght into comp>ison ) an ord9>y %ip1 "u /ress ( wea!r4 ,x 0 bad en\gh to cruise ) a dead weight =w>d ( "s #bej tons--a weight "u :i* h] planks gap$ an in* ap>t1 & h] beams ?reat5$ daily to give way4 ,b :5 to ^! evils 7 add$ ! fe> t 9 "s ( h] heavy rolls ! :ole mass w\ld slip & take ! vessel's side out1 x w be se5 t ?is preci\s coil 0 ju/ly reg>d$ z a /&+ dang]--! mill/one ab\t ! necks ( all on bo>d4#bi ,oddly en\gh1 ow+ to ! fact t ! ,agamemnon _h scant accommodation left = fuel1 e "o at ! />t 0 bemoan+ ! entire abs5ce ( breeze4 ,!re 7 "s ev51 :o1 nev] hav+ be5 at sea be=e1 mutt]$ ra% hopes ab\t meet+ an ,atlantic gale4 ,_! wi%es 7 soon to be completely realiz$4 ,9 ord] t lay+ op]ations %\ld be />t$ by ! two %ips 9 mid-ocean1 x 0 arrang$ t ! entire fleet %\ld meet 9 latitude #ec #b & longitude #cc #ah z a r5dezv\s4 ,z x is impossible to foll[ ! movem5ts ( m ?an "o %ip at a "t1 & z ! ,agamemnon _h ! m excit+ exp]i5ce1 we w conf9e our att5tion to h] up to ! date ( ! r5dezv\s4 ,! day aft] />t+ !re 0 no w9d2 b on ,saturday1 ,june #ab?1 a breeze sprung up1 &1 ) screw hoi/$ & fires rak$ out1 ! ,agamemnon b[l$ along at a r>e pace "u royals & /udd+-sails4 ,! b>omet] fell fa/1 & squally wea!r com+ on ) ! boi/]\s premonitory symptoms ( an ,atlantic gale1 ev5 ^? lea/ v]s$ 9 su* matt]s c\ld see at a glance t !y 7 9 = x4 ,! foll[+ day ! sky wore a wret*$ mi/--half ra91 half vapor--?r\gh :i* ! att5dant vessels loom$ fa9tly l %ad[s4 ,! gale increas$2 till at f\r 9 ! aft]noon ! good %ip 0 ru%$ ?r\gh ! foam "u close-reef$ topsails & =esail4 ,t night ! /orm got worse1 & mo/ ( ! squadron gradually p>t$ company4 ,! ocean resembl$ "o va/ sn[drift1 ! :iti% gl>e f :i*--reflect$ f ! d>k cl\ds t almo/ re/$ on ! sea--_h a trem5d\s & unnatural effect1 z if ! ord9>y laws ( nature _h be5 rev]s$4 ,v heavy wea!r cont9u$ till ! foll[+ ,sunday 7,june #bj?71 :i* u%]$ 9 z fi]ce a /orm z ev] swept ov] ! ,atlantic4 ,! n>rative ( ?is fight ( nautical sci5ce ) ! elem5ts may be/ be cont9u$ 9 ! words ( ! repres5tative ( ,! ,times1 especially z x is probably ! mo/ int5sely reali/ic description ( a /orm t has ev] be5 writt5 by an eye-witness3 ,! ,niag>a1 :i* _h hi!rto kept close1 :ile ! o!r small] vessels _h dropp$ out ( sight1 began to give u a v wide b]?1 & z d>kness increas$ x 0 a case ( e "o = himself4 ,our %ip1 ! ,agamemnon1 roll+ _m degrees--n e "o c imag9e h[ %e w5t at x t night--0 labor+ s heavily t %e look$ l break+ up4 ,! massive beams "u h] upp]-deck coil crack$ & snapp$ ) a noise resembl+ t ( small artill]y1 almo/ dr[n+ ! hide\s ro> ( ! w9d z x moan$ & h[l$ ?r\gh ! rigg+1 j]k+ & /ra9+ ! little /orm-sails z ?\gh x meant to te> !m f ! y>ds4 ,^? 9 ! impov]i%$ cab9s on ! ma9 deck _h little sleep t night1 = ! upp]-deck planks above !m 7 work+ !mselves free1 z sailors say2 & beyond a d\bt !y 7 inf9itely m free ?an easy1 = !y groan$ "u ! pressure ( ! coil ) a dreadful upro>1 & avail$ !mselves ( ! opportunity to let 9 a little light1 ) a good deal ( wat]1 at e roll4 ,! sea1 too1 kept /rik+ ) dull1 heavy viol5ce aga9/ ! vessel's b[s1 =c+ its way ?r\gh hawse-holes & ill-clos$ ports ) a heavy slu%2 & !nce1 hiss+ & w9d+ aft1 x r\s$ ! occupants ( ! cab9s a=esaid to a k t _! floors 7 "u wat]1 & t ! flotsam & jetsam noises !y he>d b5ea? 7 only caus$ by _! outfit = ! voyage tak+ a cruise ( its own 9 "s five or six in*es ( dirty bilge4 ,su* 0 ,sunday night1 & su* 0 a fair av]age ( all ! nights ?r\gh\t ! week1 v>y+ only f bad to worse4 ,on ,monday ?+s became desp]ate4 ,! b>omet] 0 l[]--&1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 ! w9d & sea 7 inf9itely high]--?an ! day be=e4 ,x 0 s+ul>1 b at twelve o'clock ! sun pi]c$ ?r\gh ! pall ( cl\ds & %one brilliantly = half an h\r1 & dur+ t brief "t x blew z x _h n (t5 bl[n be=e4 ,s fi]ce 0 ?is gu/ t its ro> dr[n$ e o!r s\nd1 & x 0 almo/ impossible to give ! wat* ! necess>y ord]s = tak+ 9 ! close-reef] =esail1 :i*1 :5 furl$1 almo/ left ! ,agamemnon "u b>e poles1 ?\gh /ill surg+ ?r\gh ! wat] at spe$4 ,?is gu/ pass$1 ! usual gale set 91 n[ bl[+ /eadily f ! s\?we/1 & tak+ u m & m out ( our c\rse ea* m9ute4 ,e h\r ! /orm got worse1 till t[>d five 9 ! aft]noon1 :5 x seem$ at its height--& rag$ ) su* a viol5ce ( w9d & sea--t matt]s really look$ desp]ate ev5 = su* a /rong & l>ge %ip z ! ,agamemnon4 ,! upp]-deck coil _h /ra9$ h] decks ?r\gh\t excessively1 & ?\gh ?is mass 9 !ory 0 suppos$ to prev5t h] roll+ s quickly & heavily z %e w\ld h done )\t x1 yet /ill %e heel$ ov] to su* an al>m+ ext5t t fe>s ( ! coil itself %ift+ aga9 occupi$ e m9d1 & x 0 accord+ly /r5g!n$ ) additional %ores bolt$ d[n to ! deck4 ,! space occupi$ by ! ma9 coil bel[ _h depriv$ ! ,agamemnon ( sev]al ( h] coal-bunk]s1 & 9 ord] to make up = ?is defici5cy1 z well z to endeavor to c\nt]balance ! imm5se mass :i* weigh$ h] d[n by ! head1 a l>ge quantity ( coals _h be5 /[$ on ! deck aft4 ,on ea* side ( h] ma9 deck 7 ?irty-five tons1 secur$ 9 a mass1 :ile on ! l[] deck n9ety tons 7 /[$ away 9 ! same mann]4 ,! precautions tak5 to secure ^! huge masses also requir$ att5tion z ! great %ip surg$ f side to side4 ,b ^! coals seem$ secure1 & 7 s1 9 fact1 unless ! vessel %\ld almo/ capsize--an unpleasant alt]native :i* no "o c]ta9ly anticipat$ !n4 ,ev]y?+1 !re=e1 0 made snug1 z sailors call x1 ?\gh _! ef=ts by no means result$ 9 ! com=t :i* might h be5 expect$ f ! t]m4 ,! night1 h[ev]1 pass$ ov] )\t any mis*ance beyond ! sma%+ ( all ?+s incauti\sly left loose & capable ( roll+1 & "o or two attempts :i* ! ,agamemnon made 9 ! middle wat* to turn bottom upw>d4 ,9 all o!r matt]s x 0 ! m]e ditto ( ,sunday night1 except1 p]haps1 a little worse1 & c]ta9ly mu* m wet bel[4 ,tuesday ! gale cont9u$ ) almo/ unabat$ =ce1 ?\gh ! b>omet] _h ris5 to #bi4cj1 & !re 0 suffici5t sun to take a cle> obs]vation1 :i* %[$ our di/ance f ! r5dezv\s to be #efc miles4 ,dur+ ?is aft]noon ! ,niag>a jo9$ company1 & ! w9d go+ m ahead1 ! ,agamemnon took to viol5t pit*+1 plung+ /eadily into ! tr\gh ( ! sea z if %e meant to break h] back & lay ! ,atlantic cable 9 a heap4 ,?is *ange 9 h] motion /ra9$ & tax$ e in* ( timb] ne> ! coils to ! v utmo/4 ,x 0 curi\s to see h[ !y work$ & b5t z ! ,agamemnon w5t at ev]y?+ %e met head fir/4 ,"o "t %e pit*$ s heavily z to break "o ( ! ma9 beams ( ! l[] deck1 :i* _h to be %or$ ) screw-jacks =?)4 ,saturday1 ! #ai? ( ,june1 ?+s look$ a little bett]4 ,! b>omet] seem$ incl9$ to g up & ! sea to g d[n2 & = ! fir/ "t t morn+ s9ce ! gale began1 "s six days previ\s1 ! decks c\ld be walk$ ) tol]able com=t & security4 ,b alas6 appe>ances are z deceitful 9 ! ,atlantic z else:]e2 & dur+ a comp>ative calm t aft]noon ! glass fell l[]1 :ile a ?9 l9e ( black haze to w9dw>d seem$ to gr[ up into ! sky1 until x cov]$ ! heav5s ) a somb] d>kness1 & w>n$ u t1 aft] all1 ! wor/ 0 yet to come4 ,!re 0 mu* heavy ra9 t ev5+1 & !n ! w9d began1 n viol5tly1 nor 9 gu/s1 b ) a /eadily increas+ =ce1 z if ! gale 0 det]m9$ to d its "w sl[ly b d x well4 ,! sea 0 ready-built to h&1 z sailors say1 s at fir/ ! /orm did little m ?an urge on ! pond]\s masses ( wat] ) r$\bl$ =ce1 & fill ! air ) ! foam & spray x tore f _! rugg$ cre/s4 ,by & by1 h[ev]1 x grew m dang]\s1 & ,capta9 ,pre$y himself rema9$ on deck ?r\gh\t ! middle wat*1 = ! w9d 0 h\rly gett+ worse & worse1 & ! ,agamemnon1 roll+ ?irty degrees ea* way1 0 /ra9+ to a dang]\s ext5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4--;,h4,m4,s4 ,agamemnon 9 a ,/orm4 ,at #d ,a4,m4 sail 0 %ort5$ to close-reef] =e & ma9 topsails & reef$ =esail--a long & t$i\s job1 = ! w9d s ro>$ & h[l$ & ! hiss ( ! boil+ sea 0 s deaf5+ t words ( comm& 7 useless1 & ! m5 al(t1 hold+ on ) all _! might to ! y>ds z ! %ip roll$ ov] & ov] almo/ to ! wat]1 7 q incapable ( /ruggl+ ) ! masses ( wet canvas t flapp$ & plung$ z if m5 & y>ds & ev]y?+ 7 go+ away toge!r4 ,! %ip 0 almo/ z wet inside z out1 & s ?+s wore on till eight or n9e o'clock1 ev]y?+ gett+ adrift & be+ sma%$1 & e "o on bo>d jamm+ !mselves up 9 corn]s or hold+ on to beams to prev5t _! go+ adrift likewise4 ,at t5 o'clock ! ,agamemnon 0 roll+ & labor+ fe>fully1 ) ! sky gett+ d>k]1 & bo? w9d & sea increas+ e m9ute4 ,at ab\t half-pa/ t5 o'clock ?ree or f\r gigantic waves 7 se5 approa*+ ! %ip1 com+ sl[ly on ?r\gh ! mi/ ne>] & ne>]1 roll+ on l hills ( gre5 wat]1 ) a cr[n ( foam t seem$ to d\ble _! height4 ,! ,agamemnon rose heavily to ! fir/1 & !n w5t d[n quickly into ! deep tr\gh ( ! sea1 fall+ ov] z %e did s1 s z almo/ to capsize completely on ! port side4 ,!re 0 a fe>ful cra%+ z %e lay ov] ?is way1 = ev]y?+ broke adrift1 :e!r secur$ or n1 & ! upro> & confusion 7 t]rific = a m9ute1 !n back %e came aga9 on ! />bo>d beam 9 ! same mann]1 only quick]1 & /ill deep] ?an be=e4 ,aga9 !re 0 ! same noise & cra%+1 & ! (fic]s 9 ! w>d-room1 :o knew ! dang] ( ! %ip1 /ruggl$ to _! feet & op5$ ! door lead+ to ! ma9 deck4 ,"h1 = an in/ant1 ! sc5e almo/ defies description4 ,amid l\d %\ts & ef=ts to save !mselves1 a confus$ mass ( sailors1 boys1 & m>9es1 ) deck-buckets1 ropes1 ladd]s1 & ev]y?+ t c\ld get loose1 & :i* _h fall5 back aga9 to ! port side1 7 be+ hurl$ aga9 9 a mass across ! %ip to />bo>d4 ,dimly1 & only = an in/ant1 c\ld ?is be se51 ) gr\ps ( m5 cl++ to ! beams ) all _! might1 ) a mass ( wat]1 :i* _h =c$ its way 9 ?r\gh ports & decks1 surg+ ab\t1 & !n1 ) a trem5d\s cra%1 z ! %ip fell /ill deep] ov]1 ! coals /[$ on ! ma9 deck broke loose1 & sma%+ ev]y?+ be=e !m1 w5t ov] among ! re/ to leew>d4 ,! coal-du/ hid ev]y?+ on ! ma9 deck 9 an in/ant1 b ! cra%+ c\ld /ill be he>d go+ on 9 all directions1 z ! lumps & sacks ( coal1 ) /an*ions1 ladd]s1 & mess-t9s1 w5t leap+ ab\t ! decks1 p\r+ d[n ! hat*ways1 & cra%+ ?r\gh ! glass skylights into ! eng9e-room bel[4 ,/ill x 0 n done1 &1 surg+ aga9 ov] ano!r trem5d\s wave1 ! ,agamemnon dropp$ d[n /ill m to port1 & ! coals on ! />bo>d side ( ! l[] deck gave way also1 & c>ri$ ev]y?+ be=e !m4 ,matt]s n[ became s]i\s1 = x 0 evid5t t two or ?ree m lur*es & ! ma/s w\ld g l re$s1 :ile half ! crew might be maim$ or kill$ bel[4 ,capta9 ,pre$y 0 already on ! poop1 ) ,lieut5ant ,gibson1 & x 0 ,h&s1 we> %ip1 at once1 :ile ,mr4 ,br[n1 ! indefatigable *ief eng9e]1 0 ord]$ to get up /eam imm$iately4 ,! crew ga9$ ! deck ) difficulty1 & n till aft] a lapse ( "s m9utes1 = all ! ladd]s _h be5 brok5 away2 ! m5 7 grim$ ) coal-du/1 & _m bore /ill m s]i\s m>ks ^u _! faces ( h[ !y _h be5 knock$ ab\t bel[4 ,!re 0 "s confusion at fir/1 = ! /orm 0 fe>ful4 ,! (fic]s 7 q inaudible1 & a wild1 dang]\s sea1 runn+ m\nta9s high1 heel$ ! great %ip backw>d & =w>d1 s t ! crew 7 unable to keep _! feet = an in/ant1 & 9 "s cases 7 ?r[n across ! decks 9 a fe>ful mann]4 ,two m>9es w5t ) a ru% head =emo/ into ! pay+-out ma*9e1 z if !y meant to butt x ov] ! side1 yet1 /range to say1 nei!r ! m5 nor ! ma*9e suff]$4 ,:at made matt]s worse1 ! %ip's b>ge1 ?\gh la%$ d[n to ! deck1 _h p>tly brok5 loose1 & dropp+ f side to side z ! vessel lur*$1 x ?reat5$ to cru% any :o v5tur$ to pass x4 ,! regul> discipl9e ( ! %ip1 h[ev]1 soon prevail$1 & ! crew set to "w to we> r\nd ! %ip on ! />bo>d tack1 :ile ,lieut5ants ,rob9son & ,murray w5t bel[ to see aft] ^? :o _h be5 hurt1 & ab\t ! numb] ( :om extravagant rumors prevail$ among ! m54 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 un=tunately b too _m4 ,! m>9e s5try outside ! w>d-room door on ! ma9 deck _h n _h "t to escape1 & 0 completely buri$ "u ! coals4 ,"s "t elaps$ be=e he c\ld be got out1 = "o ( ! beams us$ to %ore up ! sacks1 :i* _h cru%$ 8 arm v badly1 /ill lay across ! mangl$ limb1 jamm+ x 9 su* a mann] t x 0 f\nd impossible to remove x )\t risk+ ! man's life4 ,saws1 !re=e1 _h to be s5t =1 & ! timb] sawn away be=e ! poor fell[ c\ld be extricat$4 ,ano!r m>9e on ! l[] deck endeavor$ to save himself by cat*+ hold ( :at seem$ a l$ge 9 ! planks1 b1 un=tunately1 x 0 only caus$ by ! beams /ra9+ ap>t1 &1 ( c\rse1 z ! ,agamemnon right$ !y clos$ aga91 & cru%$ 8 f+]s flat4 ,"o ( ! assi/ant eng9e]s 0 also buri$ among ! coals on ! l[] deck1 & su/a9$ "s sev]e int]nal injuries4 ,! lur* ( ! %ip 0 calculat$ at =ty-five degrees ea* way = five times 9 rapid succession4 ,! galley-copp]s 7 only half fill$ ) s\p2 nev]!less1 x ne>ly all p\r$ out1 & scald$ "s ( ! poor fell[s :o 7 ext5d$ on ! decks1 hold+ on to any?+ 9 rea*4 ,^!1 ) a dislocation1 7 ! *ief casualties1 b !re 7 o!rs ( bruises & contusions1 m or less sev]e1 &1 ( c\rse1 a long li/ ( escapes m m>vel\s ?an any injury4 ,"o poor fell[ w5t head fir/ f ! ma9 deck into ! hold )\t be+ hurt1 & "o on ! orlop-deck 0 *evi$ ab\t = "s t5 m9utes by ?ree l>ge casks ( oil :i* _h got adrift1 & any "o ( :i* w\ld h flatt5$ him l a pancake _h x ov]tak5 him4 ,z soon z ! ,agamemnon _h gone r\nd on ! o!r tack ! ,niag>a wore also1 & bore d[n z if to r5d] assi/ance4 ,%e _h witness$ our dang]1 &1 z we aft]w>d le>n$1 imag9$ t ! upp]-deck coil _h brok5 loose1 & t we 7 s9k+4 ,?+s1 h[ev]1 7 n s bad z t1 ?\gh !y 7 bad en\gh1 heav5 kn[s1 = ev]y?+ seem$ to g wrong t day4 ,! upp]-deck coil _h /ra9$ ! %ip to ! v utmo/1 b /ill held on fa/4 ,b n s ! coil 9 ! ma9 hold1 :i* _h begun to get adrift1 & ! top kept work+ & %ift+ ov] f side to side1 z ! %ip lur*$1 until "s =ty or fifty miles 7 9 a hopeless /ate ( tangle1 resembl+ no?+ s mu* z a c>go ( live eels1 & !re 0 e prospect ( ! tangle spread+ deep] & deep] z ! bad wea!r cont9u$4 ,go+ r\nd ^u ! />bo>d tack _h eas$ ! %ip to a c]ta9 ext5t1 b ) su* a w9d & su* a sea--bo? ( :i* 7 gett+ worse ?an bett]--x 0 impossible to effect mu* = ! ,agamemnon's relief1 & s by twelve o'clock %e 0 roll+ almo/ z badly z ev]4 ,! crew1 :o _h be5 at "w s9ce ne>ly f\r 9 ! morn+1 7 set to cle> up ! decks f ! masses ( coal t cov]$ !m2 & :ile ?is 0 go+ =w>d a heavy sea /ruck ! /]n1 & sma%$ ! l>ge iron gu>d-frame :i* _h be5 fix$ !re to prev5t ! cable f\l+ ! screw 9 pay+ out4 ,n[ t "o side _h brok51 x 0 expect$ e mom5t t o!r p>ts w\ld g1 & ! pieces hang+ d[n ei!r sma% ! screw or f\l ! rudd]-po/4 ,x is n ov]e/imat+ ! dang] to say t _h ! latt] accid5t occurr$ 9 su* a sea1 & ) a vessel s ov]lad5 ! *ances w\ld h be5 sadly aga9/ ! ,agamemnon ev] appe>+ at ! r5dezv\s4 ,=tunately x 0 f\nd possible to secure ! brok5 frame tempor>ily ) haws]s s z to prev5t x dropp+ f>!r1 ?\gh no?+ c\ld h9d] ! fractur$ end f /rik+ aga9/ ! vessel's side ) su* =ce z to lead to s]i\s appreh5sions t x w\ld e/abli% a dang]\s leak "u wat]4 ,x 0 ne> ?ree 9 ! aft]noon be=e ?is 0 q secur$1 ! gale /ill cont9u+1 & ! sea runn+ ev5 worse4 ,! condition ( ! ma/s1 too1 at ?is "t 0 a s\rce ( mu* anxiety bo? to ,capta9 ,pre$y & ,mr4 ,mori>ty1 ! ma/]4 ,! heavy roll+ _h /ra9$ & slack5$ ! wire %r\ds to su* an ext5t t !y _h become p]fectly useless z supports4 ,! l[] ma/s b5t visibly at e roll1 & once or twice x seem$ z if !y mu/ g by ! bo>d4 ,un=tunately no?+ :atev] c\ld be done to relieve ?is /ra9 by s5d+ d[n any ( ! upp] sp>s1 s9ce x 0 only h] ma/s :i* prev5t$ ! %ip roll+ /ill m & quick]2 & s e "o knew t if once !y 7 c>ri$ away x might soon be all ov] ) ! %ip1 z !n ! deck coil c\ld n help go+ aft] !m4 ,s !re 0 no?+ = x b to wat* 9 anxi\s sil5ce ! way !y b5t & /ra9$1 & tru/ 9 ,provid5ce = ! result4 ,ab\t six 9 ! ev5+ x 0 ?\ght bett] to we> %ip aga9 & /& = ! r5dezv\s "u easy /eam1 & h] head accord+ly 0 put ab\t & once m fac$ ! /orm4 ,z %e w5t r\nd %e1 ( c\rse1 fell into ! tr\gh ( ! sea aga91 & roll$ s awfully z to break h] wa/e-/eampipe1 fill+ h] eng9e-room ) /eam1 & depriv+ h] ( ! s]vices ( "o boil] :5 x 0 sorely ne$$4 ,! sun set ^u z wild & wick$ a night z ev] tax$ ! c\rage & coolness ( a sailor4 ,!re 71 ( c\rse1 m5 on bo>d :o 7 famili> ) gales & /orms 9 all p>ts ( ! _w2 & !re 7 "s :o _h witness$ ! trem5d\s hurricane :i* swept ! ,black ,sea on ! memorable #ad? ( ,novemb]1 :5 scores ( vessels 7 lo/ & seam5 p]i%$ by ! ?\s&s4 ,b ( all on bo>d none _h ev] se5 a fi]c] or m dang]\s sea ?an rag$ ?r\gh\t t night & ! foll[+ morn+1 toss+ ! ,agamemnon f side to side l a m]e play?+ among ! wat]s4 ,! night 0 ?ick & v d>k1 ! l[ black cl\ds almo/ hemm+ ! vessel 92 n[ & !n a fi]c] bla/ ?an usual drove ! great masses sl[ly aside & %[$ ! moon1 a dim1 greasy blot* ^u ! sky1 ) ! ocean1 :ite z driv5 sn[1 boil+ & see?+ l a caldron4 ,b ^! 7 only glimpses1 :i* 7 soon lo/1 & aga9 x 0 all d>kness1 ?r\gh :i* ! waves1 sudd5ly upheav+1 ru%$ ^u ! %ip z ?\gh !y mu/ ov]:elm x1 & deal+ x "o /agg]+ bl[1 w5t hiss+ & surg+ pa/ into ! d>kness aga94 ,! gr&eur ( ! sc5e 0 almo/ lo/ 9 its dang]s & t]rors1 = ( all ! _m =ms 9 :i* dea? approa*es man !re is none s easy1 9 fact1 s t]rific 9 appe>ance1 z dea? by %ipwreck4 ,sleep+ 0 impossible t night on bo>d ! ,agamemnon4 ,ev5 ^? 9 cots 7 ?r[n out1 f _! /rik+ aga9/ ! vessel's side z %e pit*$4 ,! b]?s ( wood fix$ a?w>t%ips 9 ! cab9s on ! ma9 deck _h work$ to pieces4 ,*airs & tables 7 brok51 *e/s ( draw]s capsiz$1 & a little surf 0 runn+ ov] ! floors ( ! cab9s !mselves1 p\r+ m9iature seas into portmanteaus1 & break+ ov] c>petbags ( clean l954 ,fa/ z x fl[$ (f by ! scupp]s x came 9 fa/] by ! hawse-holes & ports1 :ile ! beams & knees /ra9$ ) a doleful noise1 z ?\gh x 0 impossible !y c\ld hold toge!r mu* long]1 & on ! :ole x 0 z mis]able & ev5 anxi\s a night z ev] 0 pass$ on bo>d any l9e-(-battle %ip 9 h] ,maje/y's s]vice4 ,capta9 ,pre$y nev] left ! poop all night1 ?\gh x 0 h>d "w to rema9 !re1 ev5 hold+ on to ! poop-rail ) bo? h&s4 ,morn+ br\ght no *ange1 save t ! /orm 0 z fi]ce z ev]1 & ?\gh ! sea c\ld n be high] or wild]1 yet ! additional am\nt ( brok5 wat] made x /ill m dang]\s to ! %ip4 ,v dimly1 & only n[ & !n ?r\gh ! ?ick scud1 ! ,niag>a c\ld be se5--"o mom5t on a mon/r\s hill ( wat]1 & ! next q lo/ to view1 z ! ,agamemnon w5t d[n betwe5 ! waves4 ,b ev5 ^! glimpses %[$ u t our transatlantic consort 0 plung+ heavily1 %ipp+ seas1 & evid5tly hav+ a bad "t ( x1 ?\gh %e got ?r\gh x bett] ?an ! ,agamemnon1 z1 ( c\rse1 %e c\ld1 hav+ only ! same load1 ?\gh #b1jjj tons l>g]4 ,sudd5ly x came on d>k] & ?ick]1 & we lo/ sight ( h] 9 ! ?ick spray1 & _h only ourselves to look aft]4 ,?is 0 q en\gh1 = e m9ute made matt]s worse1 & ! aspect ( affairs began to excite mo/ s]i\s misgiv+s 9 ! m9ds ( ^? 9 *>ge4 ,! ,agamemnon is "o ( ! f9e/ l9e-(-battle %ips 9 ! :ole navy1 b 9 su* a /orm1 & s heavily ov]lad51 :at c\ld %e d b make bad wea!r worse1 & /ra9 & labor & fall into ! tr\gh ( ! sea1 z if %e 7 go+ d[n head =emo/4 ,?ree or f\r h\rs m & ! vessel _h borne all %e c\ld be> ) safety4 ,! ma/s 7 rapidly gett+ worse1 ! deck coil work$ m & m ) ea* trem5d\s plunge1 &1 ev5 if bo? ^! held1 x 0 evid5t t ! %ip itself w\ld soon /ra9 to pieces if ! wea!r cont9u$ s4 ,! sea1 =c+ its way ?r\gh ports & hawse-holes1 _h accumulat$ on ! l[] deck to su* an ext5t t x flood$ ! /oke-hole1 s t ! m5 c\ld sc>cely rema9 at _! po/s4 ,ev]y?+ w5t sma%+ & roll+ ab\t4 ,"o plunge put all ! electrical in/rum5ts hors de combat at a bl[1 & /av$ "s b>rels ( /rong solution ( sulphate ( copp]1 :i* w5t cruis+ ab\t1 turn+ all x t\*$ to a light pea-gre54 ,by & by %e began to %ip seas4 ,wat] came d[n ! v5tilators ne> ! funnel into ! eng9e-room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4--,! ,agamemnon ,/orm3 ,coals ,adrift4 ,!n a trem5d\s sea /ruck h] =w>d1 dr5*+ ^? on deck1 & leav+ !m up to _! knees 9 wat]1 & ! lea/ v]s$ on bo>d c\ld see t ?+s 7 fa/ go+ to ! bad unless a *ange took place 9 ! wea!r or ! condition ( ! %ip4 ,( ! fir/ !re seem$ little *ance4 ,! wea!r c]ta9ly %[$ no disposition to cle>--on ! contr>y1 livid-look+ black cl\ds seem$ to be clos+ r\nd ! vessel fa/] & fa/] ?an ev]4 ,= ! relief ( ! %ip ?ree c\rses 7 op5 to ,capta9 ,pre$y--"o1 to we> r\nd & try h] on ! />bo>d tack1 z he _h be5 compell$ to d ! day be=e2 ano!r1 to fairly run = x be=e ! w9d2 &1 ?ird & la/1 to endeavor to light5 ! vessel by gett+ "s ( ! cable ov]bo>d4 ,( c\rse ! latt] w\ld n h be5 ?\ght ( till ! fir/ two _h be5 tri$ & fail$--9 fact1 n till x 0 evid5t t no?+ else c\ld save ! %ip4 ,aga9/ we>+ r\nd !re 0 ! dang] ( h] aga9 fall+ (f into ! tr\gh ( ! sea1 los+ h] ma/s1 %ift+ h] upp]-deck coil1 & s f9d+ h] way to ! bottom 9 t5 m9utes1 :ile to attempt runn+ be=e ! /orm ) su* a sea on 0 to risk h] /]n be+ /ove 91 & a hundr$ tons ( wat] add$ to h] burd5 ) ea* wave t came up aft]w>d1 till ! poor ,agamemnon w5t "u !m all = ev]4 ,a little aft] t5 o'clock on ,monday1 ! #ba/1 ! aspect ( affairs 0 s al>m+ t ,capta9 ,pre$y resolv$ at all risks to try we>+ ! %ip r\nd on ! o!r tack4 ,x 0 h>d en\gh to make ! words ( comm& audible1 b to execute !m seem$ almo/ impossible4 ,! %ip's head w5t r\nd en\gh to leave h] broadside on to ! seas1 & !n = a "t x seem$ z if no?+ c\ld be done4 ,all ! rolls :i* %e _h ev] giv5 on ! previ\s day seem$ m]e trifles comp>$ ) h] p]=mances !n4 ,( m ?an #bjj m5 on deck1 at lea/ #aej 7 ?r[n d[n1 & fall+ ov] f side to side 9 heaps1 :ile o!rs1 hold+ on to ! ropes1 swung to & fro ) e heave4 ,x really appe>$ z if ! la/ h\r ( ! /\t %ip _h come1 & to ?is m9ute x seems almo/ miracul\s t h] ma/s held on4 ,ea* "t %e fell ov] h] ma9 *a9s w5t deep "u wat]4 ,! l[] decks 7 flood$1 & ^? above c\ld he> by ! fe>ful cra%+--audible amid ! ho>se ro> ( ! /orm--t ! coals _h got loose aga9 bel[1 & _h brok5 into ! eng9e-room1 & 7 c>ry+ all be=e !m4 ,dur+ ^! rolls ! ma9-deck coil %ift$ ov] to su* a degree z q to envelop f\r m51 :o1 sitt+ on ! top1 7 try+ to w$ge x d[n ) beams4 ,"o ( !m 0 s mu* jamm$ by ! mass :i* came ov] him t he 0 s]i\sly contus$4 ,he _h to be remov$ to ! sick-bay1 mak+ up ! sick-li/ to =ty-five1 ( :i* t5 7 f injuries caus$ by ! roll+ ( ! %ip1 & v _m ( ! re/ f cont9ual fatigue & exposure dur+ ! gale4 ,once r\nd on ! />bo>d tack1 & x 0 se5 9 an in/ant t ! %ip 0 9 no degree reliev$ by ! *ange4 ,ano!r heavy sea /ruck h] =w>d1 sweep+ clean ov] ! =e "p ( ! vessel & c>ry+ away ! woodwork & plat=ms :i* _h be5 plac$ !re r\nd ! ma*9]y = und]runn+4 ,?is & a few m plunges 7 q suffici5t to settle ! matt]1 & at la/1 reluctantly1 ,capta9 ,pre$y succumb$ to ! /orm he c\ld nei!r conqu] nor cont5d aga9/4 ,full /eam 0 got on1 & ) a =esail & a =e-topsail to lift h] head ! ,agamemnon ran be=e ! /orm1 roll+ & tumbl+ ov] ! huge waves at a trem5d\s pace4 ,x 0 well = all t ! w9d gave ?is mu* way on h]1 or h] /]n w\ld infallibly h be5 /ove 94 ,z x 01 a wave p>tly /ruck h] on ! />bo>d qu>t]1 sma%+ ! qu>t]-galley & w>d-room w9d[s on t side1 & s5d+ su* a sea into ! w>d-room itself z to lit]ally wa% two (fic]s (f a s(a on :i* !y 7 re/+ on t side ( ! %ip4 ,?is 0 a k9d ( p>t+ bl[2 = ! glass began to rise1 & ! /orm 0 evid5tly beg9n+ to mod]ate1 & al?\gh ! sea /ill ran z high z ev] !re 0 less brok5 wat]1 & altoge!r1 t[>d midday1 affairs assum$ a bett] & m *e]ful aspect4 ,! w>d-room t aft]noon 0 a /udy = an arti/1 ) its w9d[s halfd>k5$ & sma%$1 ! sea-wat] /ill slu%+ ab\t 9 odd corn]s1 ) ev]y?+ t 0 capable ( be+ brok5 /rewn ov] ! floor 9 pieces1 & "s fifte5 or tw5ty (fic]s1 seat$ amid ! ru9s1 hold+ on to ! deck or table ) "o h&1 :ile ) ! o!r !y cont5d$ at a disadvantage ) a t\gh meal--! fir/ :i* mo/ _h eat5 = tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,little sleep _h be5 indulg$ 9 ?\gh mu* lollop+ ab\t4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 :o prep>$ !mselves = a night's re/ 9 _! b]?s r ?an at ! ocean bottom1 _h great difficulty 9 f9d+ _! day-g>m5ts ( a morn+4 ,! boots especially w5t a/ray1 & got s hopelessly mix$ t ! man :o c\ld %[ up ) bo? pairs ( 8 own 01 inde$1 a man to be congratulat$4 ,b all ?+s h an end1 & ?is long gale--( ov] a week's duration--at la/ blew itself out1 & ! we>y ocean rock$ itself to re/4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,monday ! ,agamemnon ran be=e ! w9d1 :i* mod]at$ s mu* t at #d ,a4,m4 on ,tuesday h] head 0 aga9 put ab\t1 & = ! second "t %e comm5c$ beat+ up = ! r5dezv\s1 !n "s #bjj miles f>!r f u ?an :5 ! /orm 0 at its height on ,sunday morn+4 ,s little 0 ga9$ aga9/ ?is w9d t ,friday ! #be?--sixte5 days aft] leav+ ,plym\?--/ill f\nd u "s fifty miles f ! r5dezv\s4 ,s x 0 det]m9$ to get up /eam & run d[n on x at once4 ,z we approa*$ ! place ( meet+ ! angry sea w5t d[n4 ,! ,valor\s hove 9 sight at noon2 9 ! aft]noon ! ,niag>a came 9 f ! nor?2 & at ev5 ! ,gorgon f ! s\?3 & !n1 almo/ = ! fir/ "t s9ce />t+1 ! squadron 0 reunit$ ne> ! spot :]e ! great "w 0 to h comm5c$ fifte5 days previ\sly--z tranquil 9 ! middle ( ! ,atlantic z if 9 ,plym\? ,s\nd4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,r5ew$ ,,ef=t ,t ev5+ ! f\r vessels lay toge!r side by side1 & !re 0 su* a /illness 9 ! sea & air z w\ld h seem$ rem>kable ev5 on an inl& lake4 ,on ! ,atlantic1 & aft] :at _h be5 s lately exp]i5c$1 x seem$ almo/ unnatural4 ,! boats 7 out1 & ! (fic]s 7 pass+ f %ip to %ip1 tell+ _! exp]i5ces ( ! voyage1 & =m+ plans = ! morr[4 ,! capta9 ( ! ,agamemnon _h a sorry tale to tell4 ,! /ra9 to :i* %e _h be5 subject$ _h op5$ h] wat]ways4#cj ,!n1 aga91 "o ( ! crew1 a m>9e1 _h be5 lit]ally fright5$ out ( 8 wits1 & rema9$ crazy = "s days4 ,"o man _h 8 arm fractur$ 9 two places1 & ano!r 8 leg brok54 ,! ,niag>a1 on ! o!r h&1 _h wea!r$ ! gale spl5didly1 ?\gh x _h be5 a h>d & anxi\s "t ) h]1 z well z ) ! small] craft4 ,%e _h lo/ h] jib-boom1 & ! buoys %e c>ri$ = susp5d+ ! cable _h be5 wa%$ f h] sides--no man knew :]e4 ,aft] tak+ /ock ( ?+s g5]ally1 a />t 0 made to repair ! v>i\s damages2 b ! %ift+ ( ! upp] "p ( ! ma9 coil on ! ,agamemnon into a hopeless tangle entail$ recoil+ a consid]able l5g? ( cable1 a no light task1 occupy+ sev]al days4 ,on ! morn+ ( ,saturday1 ,june #bf?1 all ! prep>ations 7 complet$ = mak+ ! splice & once m comm5c+ ! great und]tak+4 ,9 ! words ( ,! ,times repres5tative3 ,! end ( ! ,niag>a's cable 0 s5t on bo>d ! ,agamemnon1 ! splice 0 made1 a b5t sixp5ce put 9 = luck1 & at #b4ej ,gre5wi* "t x 0 sl[ly l[]$ ov] ! side & disappe>$ =ev]4 ,! wea!r 0 cold & foggy1 ) a /iff breeze & dismal sort ( sleet1 & z !re 0 no *e]+ or manife/ation ( en?usiasm ( any k9d1 ! :ole c]emony _h a mo/ fun]eal effect1 & seem$ z solemn z if we 7 bury+ a m>9e1 or "s o!r mortu>y task ( ! k9d equally *e]ful & enliv5+4 ,z x turn$ out1 h[ev]1 x 0 j z well t no display took place1 z e "o w\ld h look$ uncommonly silly :5 ! same op]ation came to be repeat$1 z x _h to be1 an h\r or s aft]w>d4 ,x is ne$less mak+ a long /ory long]1 s ,i may /ate at once t :5 ea* %ip _h paid out ?ree miles or s1 & !y 7 gett+ well ap>t1 ! cable1 :i* _h be5 all[$ to run too slack1 broke on bo>d ! ,niag>a ow+ to its ov]rid+ & gett+ (f ! pulley lead+ on to ! ma*9e4 ,! break 0 ( c\rse kn[n in/antly1 bo? vessels put ab\t & return$1 a fre% splice 0 made1 & aga9 l[]$ ov] at half pa/ sev54 ,accord+ to arrangem5t1 #aej fa?oms 7 ve]$ out f ea* %ip1 & !n all /ood away on _! c\rse1 at fir/ at two miles an h\r1 & aft]w>d at f\r4 ,ev]y?+ !n w5t well1 ! ma*9e work+ beautifully1 at ?irty-two revolutions p] m9ute1 ! screw at tw5ty-six1 ! cable runn+ out easily at five & five & a half miles an h\r1 ! %ip go+ f\r4 ,! greate/ /ra9 ^u ! dynamomet] 0 #b1ejj lbs41 & ?is 0 only = a few m9utes1 ! av]age giv+ only #b1jjj lbs4 & #b1ajj lbs4 ,at midnight tw5ty-"o nautical miles _h be5 paid out1 & ! angle ( ! cable ) ! horizon _h be5 r$uc$ consid]ably4 ,at ab\t half pa/ ?ree =ty miles _h gone1 & no?+ c\ld be m p]fect & regul> ?an ! work+ ( ev]y?+1 :5 sudd5ly1 at #c4dj ,a4,m4 on ,sunday1 ! #bg?1 ,pr(essor ,?omson came on deck & report$ a total break ( cont9uity2 t ! cable1 9 fact1 _h p>t$1 & z 0 believ$ at ! "t1 f ! ,niag>a4 ,! ,agamemnon 0 in/antly /opp$ & ! brakes appli$ to ! ma*9]y1 9 ord] t ! cable paid out might be sev]$ f ! mass 9 ! hold1 & s enable ,pr(essor ,?omson to discov] by electrical te/s at ab\t :at di/ance f ! %ip ! fracture _h tak5 place4#ca ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 !re 0 a /rong breeze on at ! "t1 ) r a heavy swell1 :i* told sev]ely ^u ! cable1 & be=e any means c\ld be tak5 to ease entirely ! motion on ! %ip1 x p>t$ a few fa?oms bel[ ! /]n-:eel1 ! dynamomet] indicat+ a /ra9 ( ne>ly #d1jjj lbs4 ,9 ano!r in/ant a gun & a blue light w>n$ ! ,valor\s ( :at _h happ5$1 & r\s$ all on bo>d ! ,agamemnon to a k t ! ma*9]y 0 sil5t1 & t ! fir/ "p ( ! ,atlantic cable _h be5 laid & effectually lo/4 ,! great l5g? ( cable on bo>d bo? %ips all[$ a l>ge m>g9 = su* mi%aps z ^!1 & ! arrangem5t made be=e leav+ ,engl& 0 t ! splices might be r5ew$ & ! "w recomm5c$ till ea* %ip _h lo/ #bej miles ( wire1 aft] :i* !y 7 to discont9ue _! ef=ts & return to ,que5/[n4 ,accord+ly1 aft] ! breakage on ,sunday morn+1 ! %ips' heads 7 put ab\t1 & = ! f\r? "t ! ,agamemnon aga9 began ! we>y "w ( beat+ up aga9/ ! w9d = t ev]la/+ r5dezv\s :i* we seem$ de/9$ to be always seek+4 ,ap>t f ! regret ) :i* all reg>d$ ! loss ( ! cable1 !re 7 o!r reasons = n wi%+ ! cruise to be ?us indef9itely prolong$1 s9ce !re _h be5 a break 9 ! cont9uity ( ! fre% provisions2 & = "s days previ\sly 9 ! w>d-room ! pices de rsi/ance _h be5 inflammatory-look+ morceaux1 salt$ to an a/oni%+ pit*1 & o!rwise uneatable1 = x 0 beef :i* _h be5 kept ?ree ye>s beyond its w>ranty = s\ndness1 & to :i* all 7 !n r$uc$4 ,x 0 h>d "w beat+ up aga9/ ! w9d2 s h>d1 inde$1 t x 0 n till ! noon ( ,monday1 ! #bh?1 t we aga9 met ! ,niag>a2 & :ile all 7 wait+ ) impati5ce = h] explanation ( h[ %e broke ! cable1 %e electrifi$ e "o by runn+ up ! int]rogatory1 ,h[ did ! cable "p8 ,?is 0 a/\nd+4 ,z soon z ! boats c\ld be l[]$1 ,mr4 ,cyrus ,field1 ) ! electricians f ! ,niag>a1 came on bo>d1 & a comp>ison ( logs %[$ ! pa9ful & my/]i\s fact t at ! same second ( "t ea* vessel discov]$ t a total fracture _h tak5 place at a di/ance ( c]ta9ly n less ?an t5 miles f ea* %ip1 z well z c\ld be judg$1 at ! bottom ( ! ocean4 ,! logs on bo? sides 7 s cle> z to ! m9ute ( "t1 & z to ! electrical te/s %[+ n m]ely leakage or defective insulations ( ! wire1 b a total fracture1 t !re 0 no room left on :i* to re/ a mom5t's d\bt ( ! c]ta9ty ( ?is mo/ di%e>t5+ fact4 ,t ( all ! _m mi%aps connect$ ) ! ,atlantic telegraph1 ?is 0 ! wor/ & mo/ di%e>t5+1 s9ce x prov$ t aft] all t human skill & sci5ce c effect to lay ! wire d[n ) safety has be5 accompli%$1 !re may be "s fatal ob/acles to success at ! bottom ( ! ocean :i* c nev] be gu>d$ aga9/1 = ev5 ! nature ( ! p]il mu/ always rema9 z secret & unkn[n z ! dep?s 9 :i* x is to be enc\nt]$4 ,0 ! bottom cov]$ ) a s(t coat+ ( ooze1 9 :i* x _h be5 said ! cable might re/ undi/urb$ = ye>s z on a b$ ( d[n8 or 7 !re1 aft] all1 %>p-po9t$ rocks ly+ on t suppos$ plateau ( ,maury1 ,b]ryman1 & ,dayman8 ,^! 7 ! que/ions t "s ( ^? on bo>d 7 ask+4 ,b !re 0 no use 9 fur!r conjecture or 9 rep9+ ov] :at _h already happ5$4 ,?\gh ! prospect ( success appe>$ to be consid]ably impair$ x 0 g5]ally consid]$ t !re 0 b "o c\rse left1 & t 0 to splice aga9 & make ano!r--& :at 0 fondly hop$ w\ld be a f9al--attempt4 ,accord+ly no "t 0 lo/ 9 mak+ ! ?ird splice1 :i* 0 l[]$ ov] into #b1jjj fa?oms ( wat] at sev5 o'clock by %ip's "t ! same night4 ,be=e /eam+ away1 z ! ,agamemnon 0 n[ gett+ v %ort ( coal1 & ! two vessels _h "s #ajj miles ( surplus cable betwe5 !m1 x 0 agre$ t if ! wire p>t$ aga9 be=e ! %ips _h gone ea* #ajj miles f ! r5dezv\s !y 7 to return & make ano!r splice2 & z ! ,agamemnon 0 to sail back1 ! ,niag>a1 x 0 decid$1 0 to wait eight days = h] appe>ance4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! #ajj miles _h be5 exce$$1 ! %ips 7 n to return1 b ea* make ! be/ ( its way to ,que5/[n4 ,) ?is und]/&+ ! %ips aga9 p>t$1 &1 ) ! wire dropp+ /eadily d[n betwe5 !m1 ! ,niag>a & ,agamemnon /eam$ away1 & 7 soon lo/ 9 ! cold1 raw fog1 :i* _h hung ov] ! r5dezv\s ev] s9ce ! op]ations _h comm5c$4 ,! cable1 z be=e1 paid out beautifully1 & no?+ c\ld h be5 m regul> & m easy ?an ! work+ ( e "p ( ! app>atus4 ,at fir/ ! %ip's spe$ 0 only two knots1 ! cable go+ ?ree & ?ree & a half ) a /ra9 ( #a1ejj lbs41 ! horizontal angle av]ag+ z l[ z sev5 & ! v]tical ab\t sixte54 ,by & by1 h[ev]1 ! spe$ 0 increas$ to f\r knots1 ! cable go+ five1 at a /ra9 ( #b1jjj lbs41 & an angle ( f twelve to fifte54 ,at ?is rate x 0 kept ) trifl+ v>iations ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,monday night1 & nei!r ,mr4 ,bright1 ,mr4 ,cann+1 nor ,mr4 ,clif=d ev] quitt$ ! ma*9es = an in/ant4 ,t[>d ! middle ( ! night1 :ile ! rate ( ! %ip cont9u$ ! same1 ! spe$ at :i* ! cable paid out slack5$ ne>ly a knot1 :ile ! dynamomet] indicat$ z l[ z #a1cjj lbs4 ,?is *ange c\ld only be acc\nt$ = on ! supposition t ! wat] _h %all[$ to a consid]able ext5t1 & t ! vessel 0 9 fact pass+ ov] "s subm>9e ,b5 ,nevis or ,skiddaw4 ,aft] an int]val ( ab\t an h\r ! /ra9 & rate ( progress ( ! cable aga9 increas$1 :ile ! increase ( ! v]tical angle seem$ to indicate t ! wire 0 s9k+ d[n ! side ( a declivity4 ,beyond ?is !re 0 no v>iation ?r\gh\t ,monday night1 or inde$ ?r\gh ,tuesday4 ,! upp]-deck coil1 :i* _h weigh$ s heavily ^u ! %ip--& /ill m heavily ^u ! m9ds ( all dur+ ! pa/ /orms--0 fa/ disappe>+1 & by twelve at midday on ,tuesday1 ! #bi?1 sev5ty-six miles _h be5 paid out to some?+ l sixty miles' progress ( ! %ip4 ,w>n$ by repeat$ failures1 _m ( ^? on bo>d sc>cely d>$ hope = success4 ,/ill ! spirits ( all rose z ! di/ance wid5$ betwe5 ! %ips4 ,?+s 7 go+ 9 spl5did /yle--9 su* spl5did /yle t /ock _h gone up ne>ly #ajj p] c5t4 ,^? :o _h leisure = sleep 7 able to dream ab\t cable-lay+ & ! t]rible effects ( too great a /ra94 ,! fir/ "q :i* su* z ^! ask on awak5+ is ab\t ! cable1 & on be+ in=m$ t x is all "r1 satisfaction ensues until ! appe>ance ( breakfa/1 :5 x is presum$ ?is feel+ is int5sifi$4 ,= ^? :o d n d]ive any p>ticul> pleasure f ! m]e ask+ ( que/ions1 ! h>moni\s music made by ! pay+-out ma*9e dur+ its revolutions supplies ! in=mation4 ,!n aga91 ! electrical cont9uity--aft] all1 ! mo/ important item--0 p]fect1 & ! electricians report$ t ! signals pass+ betwe5 ! %ips 7 em95tly satisfactory4 ,! door ( ! te/+-room is almo/ always %ut1 & ! electricians pursue _! "w undi/urb$2 b x is impossible to exclude t _s ( sci5tific inquiry :i* w satiate its ?ir/ = in=mation ev5 ?r\gh a keyhole4 ,fur!r1 ! wea!r 0 all t c\ld be wi%$ =4 ,inde$1 _h ! poet :o 0 s anxi\s = life on ! ocean wave & a home on ! roll+ deep be5 abo>d1 he w\ld h be5 absolutely happy1 & p]haps ev5 m desir\s = a fix$ habitation4 ,! only cause t w>rant$ anxiety 0 t x 0 evid5t ! upp]-deck coil w\ld be f9i%$ by ab\t elev5 o'clock at night1 :5 ! m5 w\ld h to pass along 9 d>kness ! great loop :i* =m$ ! communication betwe5 t & ! coil 9 ! ma9 hold4 ,?is 0 mo/ un=tunate2 b ! op]ation _h be5 successfully p]=m$ 9 daylight dur+ ! exp]im5tal trip 9 ! ,bay ( ,biscay1 & e precaution 0 n[ tak5 t no accid5t %\ld occur4 ,at n9e o'clock by %ip's "t1 :5 #adf miles _h be5 paid out & ab\t #aab miles' di/ance f ! r5dezv\s accompli%$1 ! la/ flake b "o ( ! upp]-deck coil came 9 turn to be us$4 ,9 ord] to make x easi] 9 pass+ to ! ma9 coil ! revolutions ( ! screw 7 r$uc$ gradually1 by two revolutions at a "t f ?irty to tw5ty1 :ile ! pay+-out ma*9e w5t sl[ly f ?irty-six to tw5ty-two4 ,at ?is rate ! vessel go+ ?ree knots & ! cable ?ree & a half1 ! op]ation 0 cont9u$ ) p]fect regul>ity1 ! dynamomet] indicat+ a /ra9 ( #b1ajj lbs4 ,sudd5ly )\t an in/ant's w>n+1 or ! occurr5ce ( any s+le incid5t t c\ld acc\nt = x1 ! cable p>t$ :5 subject$ to a /ra9 ( less ?an a ton4#cb ,! gun t aga9 told ! ,valor\s ( ?is fatal mi%ap br\ght all on bo>d ! ,agamemnon ru%+ to ! deck1 = none c\ld believe ! rumor t _h spread l wildfire ab\t ! %ip4 ,b !re /ood ! ma*9]y1 sil5t & motionless1 :ile ! fractur$ end ( ! wire hung ov] ! /]n-:eel1 sw++ loosely to & fro4 ,x seem$ almo/ impossible to realize ! fact t an accid5t s in/antane\s & irrem$iable %\ld h occurr$1 & at a "t :5 all seem$ to be go+ on s well4 ,( c\rse a v>iety ( +5i\s sugge/ions 7 soon afloat1 %[+ mo/ satisfactorily h[ ! cable mu/ & ought to h brok54 ,!re 0 a regul> gloom t night on bo>d ! ,agamemnon1 = f fir/ to la/ ! success ( ! exp$ition _h be5 upp]mo/ 9 ! ?\ghts ( all1 & all _h labor$ = x e>ly & late1 cont5d+ ) e dang] & ov]com+ e ob/acle & disa/] t _h m>k$ ea* day1 ) an e>ne/ness & devotion ( purpose t is really beyond all praise4 ,imm$iately aft] ! mi%ap1 a brief consultation 0 held by ^? 9 *>ge on bo>d ! ,agamemnon1 & z x 0 %[n t !y _h only exce$$ ! di/ance f ! r5dezv\s by f\rte5 miles1 & t !re 0 /ill m cable on bo>d ! two vessels ?an ! am\nt ) :i* ! orig9al exp$ition la/ ye> 0 comm5c$1 x 0 det]m9$ to try = ano!r *ance & return to ! r5dezv\s1 sail+ !re1 ( c\rse2 = ,mr4 ,br[n1 ! *ief eng9e]1 z ultrazeal\s 9 ! cause z a bo>d ( directors1 gu>d$ ! coal-bunk]s l a v dragon1 le/1 if 9 com+ to pay+ out ! cable aga91 /eam %\ld run %ort1 !reby endang]+ ! success ( ! :ole und]tak+4 ,= ! fif? "t1 !re=e1 ! ,agamemnon's head w5t ab\t1 & aft] tw5ty days at sea %e aga9 began beat+ up aga9/ ! w9d = ! r5dezv\s to try1 if possible1 to recomm5ce h] labors4 ,! foll[+ day ! w9d 0 bl[+ f ! s\?we/1 ) mi/ & ra91 & ,?ursday1 ,july #a/1 gave e "o ! mo/ unfavorable op9ion ( ,july wea!r 9 ! ,atlantic4 ,! w9d & sea 7 bo? high--! wet fog s d5se t "o c\ld sc>cely see ! ma/heads1 :ile ! damp cold 0 really bit+4 ,altoge!r x 0 an atmosph]e ( :i* a ,london] w\ld h be5 a%am$ ev5 9 ,novemb]4 ,lat] 9 ! day a heavy sea got on2 ! w9d increas$ )\t dissipat+ ! fog1 & x 0 d\ble-reef$ topsails & pit*+ & roll+ z be=e4 ,h[ev]1 ! upp]-deck coil ( #bej tons be+ gone1 ! ,agamemnon 0 z buoyant z a lifeboat1 & no "o c>$ h[ mu* %e took to kick+ ab\t1 ?\gh ! cold wet fog 0 a mis]able nuisance1 p5etrat+ ev]y:]e & mak+ ! %ip z wet inside z out4 ,:at made ! matt] worse 0 t 9 su* wea!r !re seem$ no *ance ( meet+ ! ,niag>a unless %e ran into u1 :5 cable-lay+ w\ld h gone on :olesale4 ,9 ord] to avoid su* a contretemps1 & also to in=m ! ,valor\s ( our :]eab\ts1 guns 7 fir$1 fog-bells rung1 & ! bugl] /ation$ =w>d to w>n ! o!r vessels ( our vic9ity4 ,friday 0 ! ditto ( ,?ursday & ,saturday1 worse ?an bo? toge!r1 = x almo/ blew a gale & !re 0 a heavy sea on4 ,on ,sunday1 ! #d?1 x cle>$1 & ! ,agamemnon = ! fir/ "t dur+ ! :ole cruise1 rea*$ ! actual r5dezv\s & fell 9 ) ! ,valor\s1 :i* _h be5 !re s9ce ,friday1 ! #b;d1 b ! fog mu/ h be5 ev5 ?ick] !re ?an else:]e1 = %e _h sc>cely se5 h]self1 mu* less any?+ else till ,sunday4 ,dur+ ! rema9d] ( t day & ,monday1 :5 ! wea!r 0 v cle>1 bo? %ips cruis$ ov] ! place ( meet+1 b nei!r ! ,niag>a nor ,gorgon 0 !re1 ?\gh day & night ! look\t = !m 0 con/ant & incessant4 ,x 0 evid5t !n t ! ,niag>a _h rigidly1 b mo/ un=tunately1 adh]$ to ! m]e lett] ( ! agreem5t reg>d+ ! #ajj miles1 & aft] ! la/ fracture _h at once turn$ back = ,que5/[n4 ,on ,tuesday1 ! #f?1 !re=e1 z ! d5se fogs & w9ds set 9 aga9 x 0 agre$ betwe5 ! ,valor\s & ,agamemnon to return once m to ! r5dezv\s4 ,b z usual ! fog 0 s ?ick t ! :ole ,am]ican navy might h be5 cruis+ !re unobs]v$2 s ! se>* 0 giv5 up1 & at eight o'clock t night ! %ip's head 0 turn$ = ,cork1 &1 "u all sail1 ! ,agamemnon at la/ /ood homew>d4 ,! voyage home 0 made ) ease & swiftness consid]+ ! lightness ( ! w9d1 ! trim ( ! %ip1 & t %e only /eam$ ?ree days1 & at midday on ,tuesday1 ,july #ab?1 ! ,agamemnon ca/ an*or 9 ,que5/[n h>bor1 hav+ met ) m dang]\s wea!r1 & enc\nt]$ m mi%aps ?an (t5 falls to ! lot ( any %ip 9 a cruise ( ?irty-?ree days4 ,?us ends ! mo/ ardu\s & dang]\s exp$ition t _h ev] be5 exp]i5c$ 9 connection ) cable-"w4 ,x1 at any rate1 _h ! advantage ( supply+ ! public ) "s excit+ read+ 9 ! columns ( ,! ,times1 ^: graphic descriptions 7 mu* appreciat$4 ,! ,niag>a _h rea*$ ,que5/[n z f> back z ,july #e?4 ,hav+ f\nd t !y _h run out #aji miles :5 cont9uity ceas$1 ^? 9 *>ge consid]$ t1 9 ord] to c>ry out _! in/ructions1 !y %\ld return at once to ! above port1 :i* !y did4 ,on ! two %ips meet+ at ,que5/[n1 discussion imm$iately took place 7#a7 z to ! cause ( ! cessation ( cont9uity2 & 7#b7 reg>d+ ! c\rse tak5 by ! ,niag>a 9 return+ home s promptly4 ,! non-arrival ( ! ,agamemnon till ne>ly a week lat] _h be5 ! cause ( mu* al>m reg>d+ h] safety4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,f9is ,,coronat ,,opus ,r5ew$ ,/ock-,tak+--,! ,la/ ,/>t--,successful ,t]m9ation--,g5]al ,surprise & ,applause ,! sad tale ( disa/] comm5c$ to spread abroad imm$iately on ! ,niag>a's arrival 9 ,que5/[n2 & :5 ,mr4 ,field ha/5$ to ,london to meet ! o!r directors ( ! company1 he f\nd t ! news _h n only prec$$ him1 b _h already _h its effect4 ,! ,bo>d 0 soon call$ toge!r4 ,x met z a c\ncil ( w> summon$ aft] a t]rific defeat to decide :e!r to surr5d] or to try once m ! *ances ( battle4 ,says ,field3 ,mo/ ( ! directors look$ blankly 9 "o ano!r's faces4 ,) "s ! feel+ 0 "o ak9 to despair4 ,x 0 ?\ght by _m t !re 0 no?+ left on :i* to f\nd an expectation ( future success1 or to enc\rage ! exp5diture ( fur!r capital ^u an adv5ture s completely vision>y4 ,! *airman 7,sir ,william ,br[n71 :ile recomm5d+ entire ab&onm5t ( ! und]tak+1 sugge/$ a sale ( ! cable rema9+ on bo>d ! %ips1 & a di/ribution ( ! proce$s among ! %>ehold]s4 ,bold] c\nsels 71 h[ev]1 de/9$ to prevail4 ,!re 7 ^? :o ?\ght !re 0 /ill a *ance1 l ,rob]t ,bruce1 :o1 aft] twelve battles & twelve defeats1 yet believ$ t a ?irte5? might br+ victory1 not)/&+ ! prejudice held by "s aga9/ t numb]4 ,! projectors made a firm /& = imm$iate action1 z did also ,pr(essor ,?omson & ,mr4 ,curtis ,lampson1 :o succe$$ ,mr4 ,brook+ z deputy *airman1 at ! same "t t ,mr4 ,/u>t ,wortley took ! *air 9 place ( ,sir ,w4 ,br[n1 on ! latt]'s resignation4 ,^! advocates ( non-surr5d] succe$$ at l5g? 9 c>ry+ an ord] = ! imm$iate sail+ ( ! exp$ition = a f9al ef=t4 ,x 0 ?is ef=t :i* prov$ to ! _w ! possibility ( telegraph+ f "o hemisph]e to ! o!r4 ,! ord] to advance hav+ be5 giv51 ! %ips =?) took 9 coal & o!r necess>ies4 ,:5 ev]y?+ & ev]ybody _h be5 %ipp$1 ! squadron left ,que5/[n once m on ,saturday1 ,july #ag1 #aheh4 ,z ! %ips sail$ out ( ! h>bor ( ,cork1 x 0 ) none ( ! en?usiasm :i* att5d$ _! dep>ture f ,val5tia ! ye> be=e1 or ev5 ! small am\nt excit$ :5 leav+ ,plym\? on ,june #aj?4 ,nobody s mu* z *e]$4 ,9 fact1 _! mission 0 by ?is "t spok5 ( z a mad freak ( /ubborn ignorance1 & 0 reg>d$ ) mix$ feel+s ( d]ision & pity4#cc ,! squadron 0 ! same z on ! la/ occasion4 ,x 0 agre$ t ! %ips %\ld n attempt to keep toge!r ?is "t1 b t ea* %\ld make its way to ! giv5 latitude & longitude4 ,! /affs 7 compos$ & b]!d z be=e4 ,moreov]1 ! exp$ition 0 aga9 accompani$ by ! same lit]>y tal5t4 ,! ,la/ ,/>t4--,let u n[ turn to ,! ,times n>rative1 z giv5 at ! conclusion ( ?is f9al exp$ition3 ,z ! %ips left ! h>bor !re 0 app>5tly no notice tak5 ( _! dep>ture by ^? on %ore or 9 ! vessels an*or$ ar\nd !m4 ,e "o seem$ impress$ ) ! conviction t we 7 engag$ 9 a hopeless ent]prise2 & ! squadron seem$ r to h slunk away on "s discr$itable mission ?an to h sail$ = ! accompli%m5t ( a gr& national s*eme4 ,x 0 j dawn :5 ! ,agamemnon got cle> ( ,que5/[n h>bor1 b1 z ! w9d blew /iff f ! s\?we/1 x 0 ne>ly t5 o'clock be=e %e r\nd$ ! ,old ,head ( ,k9sale1 a di/ance ( only a few miles4 ,! wea!r rema9$ f9e dur+ ! day2 & z ! ,agamemnon skirt$ along ! wild & rocky %ore ( ! s\?we/ coa/ ( ,irel&1 ^? on bo>d _h an excell5t opportunity ( see+ ! /up5d\s rocks :i* rise f ! wat] 9 ! mo/ grotesque & fanta/ic %apes4 ,ab\t five o'clock 9 ! aft]noon ,cape ,cle> 0 pass$1 & ?\gh ! coa/ gradually edg$ away to ! nor?w>d ( our c\rse1 yet x 0 ne>ly d>k be=e we lo/ sight ( ! rocky m\nta9s :i* surr\nd ,bantry ,bay & ! %ores ( ! ,k5m>e ,riv]4 ,by ,monday1 ! #ai?1 we _h left ! l& f> beh9d u1 & !nce fell into ! usual dull monotony ( sea life4 ,( ! voyage out !re is little to be said4 ,x 0 n *eck]$ by ! excitem5t ( cont9ual /orms or ! t$ium ( p]petual calms1 b we _h a suffici5t admixture ( bo? to r5d] our passage to ! r5dezv\s a v ord9>y & un9t]e/+ "o4 ,= ! fir/ week ! b>omet] rema9$ unusually l[1 & ! numb]s ( ^? natural b>omet]s--,"m ,c>ey's *ick5s--t kept 9 our wake kept u 9 cont9ual expectation ( heavy wea!r4 ,) v little breeze or w9d1 ! screw 0 got up & sail made1 s z to husb& our coals z mu* z possible2 b x g5]ally soon fell calm1 & oblig$ ,capta9 ,pre$y reluctantly to get up /eam aga94 ,9 consequ5ce ( cont9u$ delays & *anges f /eam to sail1 & f sail to /eam aga91 mu* fuel 0 exp5d$1 & n m ?an eighty miles ( di/ance made good ea* day4 ,on ,sunday1 ! #be?1 h[ev]1 ! wea!r *ang$1 & = sev]al days 9 succession !re 0 an un9t]rupt$ calm4 ,! moon 0 j at ! full1 & = sev]al nights x %one ) a brilliancy :i* turn$ ! smoo? sea into "o silv]y %eet1 :i* br\ght out ! d>k hull & :ite sails ( ! %ip 9 /rong contra/ to ! sea & sky z ! vessel lay all b motionless on ! wat]1 ! v imp]sonation ( solitude & repose4 ,inde$1 until ! r5dezv\s 0 ga9$1 we _h su* a succession ( beautiful sunrises1 gorge\s sunsets1 & tranquil moonlight nights z w\ld h excit$ ! mo/ en?usia/ic admiration ( any "o b p]sons situat$ z we 74 ,b by u su* sc5es 7 reg>d$ only z ! annoy+ indications ( ! calm :i* delay$ our progress & wa/$ our coals4 ,to say t x 0 calm is n do+ full ju/ice to x2 !re 0 n a brea? 9 ! air1 & ! wat] 0 z smoo? z a mill-pond4 ,ev5 ! wake ( ! %ip sc>ce ruffl$ ! surface2 & ! gulls :i* _h visit$ u almo/ daily1 & to :i* our b5evol5t lib]ality _h disp5s$ innum]able pieces ( pork1 ?rew an almo/ unbrok5 %ad[ ^u x z !y /oop$ 9 _! flight to pick up ! l>ge/ & mo/ tempt+4 ,x 0 g5]ally rem>k$ t cable-lay+ "u su* circum/ances w\ld be m]e *ild's play4 ,9 spite ( ! unusual calmness ( ! wea!r 9 g5]al1 !re 7 days on :i* our =m] unpleasant exp]i5ces ( ! ,atlantic 7 br\ght =cibly to our recollection1 :5 x blew h>d & ! sea ran suffici5tly high to reproduce on a m9or scale "s ( ! discom=ts ( :i* ! previ\s cruise _h be5 s fruitful4 ,^? days1 h[ev]1 7 ! exception & n ! rule1 & s]v$ to %[ h[ mu* m pleasant 0 ! inconv5i5t calm ?an ! wea!r :i* _h previ\sly prevail$4 ,! precise po9t ( ! r5dezv\s--m>k$ by a dot on ! *>t--0 rea*$ on ! ev5+ ( ,w$nesday1 ,july #bh?1 j elev5 days aft] our dep>ture f ,que5/[n4 ,! voyage out 0 a lazy "o4 ,n[ ?+s are diff]5t1 & we no long] he> ( ! prospects ( ! h]oes & h]o9es ( ! romances & novels :i* h =m$ ! /aple food = animat$ discussion = "s days pa/4 ,! re/ ( ! squadron 7 9 sight at nightfall1 b at su* a consid]able di/ance t x 0 pa/ t5 o'clock on ! morn+ ( ,?ursday ! #bi?1 be=e ! ,agamemnon jo9$ !m4 ,"s "t previ\s to rea*+ ! r5dezv\s ! eng9e]-9-*ief 7,mr4 ,bright7 w5t up 9 ! %r\ds on ! look\t = ! o!r %ips1 & accord+ly _h to pay 8 foot+--mu* to ! amusem5t ( 8 /aff4 ,mo/ ( !m be+ m advanc$ 9 ye>s w\ld n probably h be5 s equal to ! task 9 an a?letic s5se4 ,aft] ! ord9>y laconic conv]sation :i* *>act]ize code flag-signals1 we 7 z usual greet$ by a p]fect /orm ( que/ions z to :at _h kept u s mu* beh9d our "t1 & le>n$ t all _h come to ! conclusion t ! %ip mu/ h got on %ore on leav+ ,que5/[n h>bor4 ,! ,niag>a1 x appe>$1 _h arriv$ at ! r5dezv\s on ,friday night1 ! #bc;d1 ! ,valor\s on ,sunday1 ! #be?1 & ! ,gorgon on ! aft]noon ( ,tuesday1 ! #bg?4 ,! day 0 beautifully calm1 s no "t 0 to be lo/ be=e mak+ ! splice 9 lat4 #eb #i ,n41 long4 #cb #bg ,w41 & s\nd+s ( #a1ejj fa?oms4 ,boats 7 soon l[]$ f ! att5dant %ips2 ! two vessels made fa/ by a haws]1 & ! ,niag>a's end ( ! cable convey$ on bo>d ! ,agamemnon4 ,ab\t half-pa/ twelve o'clock ! splice 0 effectually made1 b ) a v diff]5t frame f ! c>efully r\nd$ semi-circul> bo>ds :i* _h be5 us$ to enclose ! junctions on previ\s occasions4 ,x consi/$ m]ely ( two /raight bo>ds haul$ ov] ! jo9t & splice1 ) ! iron rod & lead5 plummet atta*$ to ! c5t]4 ,9 hoi/+ x out f ! side ( ! %ip1 h[ev]1 ! lead5 s9k] broke %ort (f & fell ov]bo>d4 ,!re be+ no m conv5i5t weight at h& a #cb-lb4 %ot 0 fa/5$ to ! splice in/ead1 & ! :ole app>atus 0 quickly dropp$ into ! sea )\t any =mality--&1 inde$1 almo/ )\t a spectator--= ^? on bo>d ! %ip _h witness$ s _m beg9n+s to ! telegraphic l9e t x 0 evid5t !y despair$ ( !re ev] be+ an end to x4 ,! /ipulat$ #baj fa?oms ( cable hav+ be5 paid out to all[ ! splice to s9k well bel[ ! surface1 ! signal to />t 0 hoi/$1 ! haws] cut loose1 & ! ,niag>a & ,agamemnon />t = ! la/ "t at ab\t #a ,p4,m4 = _! opposite de/9ations4 ,! ann\ncem5t comes f ! electrician's te/+-room t ! cont9uity is p]fect1 & ) ?is assurance ! eng9e]s g on m boldly ) ! "w4 ,9 po9t ( fact ! eng9e]s may be said to be v mu* "u ! control ( ! electricians dur+ pay+ out2 = if ! latt] report any?+ wrong ) ! cable1 ! eng9e]s are br\ght to a /& until !y are all[$ to g on ) _! op]ations by ! ann\ncem5t ( ! electricians t ! insulation is p]fect & ! cont9uity all "r4 ,! te/+-room is :]e ! subtle curr5t :i* fl[s along ! conductor is g5]at$1 & :]e ! my/]i\s app>atus by :i* electricity is weigh$ & measur$--z a m>ketable commodity--is fitt$ up4 ,! sy/em ( te/+ & ( transmitt+ & receiv+ signals ?r\gh ! cable f %ip to %ip dur+ ! process ( pay+ out mu/ n[ be briefly ref]r$ to4 ,x consi/s ( an ex*ange ( curr5ts s5t alt]nately e t5 m9utes by ea* %ip4 ,^! n only s]ve to give an accurate te/ ( ! cont9uity & insulation ( ! conduct+-wire f end to end1 b also to give c]ta9 signals :i* x is desirable to s5d = in=mation purposes4 ,= in/ance1 e t5 miles ( cable paid out is signaliz$ f %ip to %ip1 z also ! approa* to l& or mom5t>y /oppage = splic+1 %ift+ to a fre% coil1 etc4 ,! curr5t 9 its passage is made to pass ?r\gh an electromagnetomet]1#cd an in/rum5t inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,:iteh\se4 ,x is also convey$ 9 its passage at ea* end ( ! cable ?r\gh ! reflect+-galvanomet] & speak+-in/rum5t j inv5t$ by ,pr(essor ,?omson2 & x is ?is latt] :i* is s invaluable1 n only = ! int]*ange ( signals1 b also = te/+ purposes4 ,! deflections read on ! galvanomet]1 z also ! degree ( *>ge & dis*>ge indicat$ by ! magnetomet]1 are c>efully record$4 ,?us1 if a defect ( cont9uity or insulation occurs x is br\ght to light by comp>ison ) ^? receiv$ be=e4 ,= ! fir/ ?ree h\rs ! %ips proce$$ v sl[ly1 pay+ out a great quantity ( slack1 b aft] ! expiration ( ?is "t ! spe$ ( ! ,agamemnon 0 increas$ to ab\t five knots1 ! cable go+ at ab\t six1 )\t indicat+ m ?an a few hundr$ p\nds ( /ra9 ^u ! dynamomet]4 ,%ortly aft] f\r o'clock a v l>ge :ale 0 se5 approa*+ ! />bo>d b[ at a great spe$ 7,fig4 #bh71 roll+ & toss+ ! sea into foam all r\nd2 & = ! fir/ "t we felt a possibility = ! supposition t our second my/]i\s breakage ( ! cable might h be5 caus$1 aft] all1 by "o ( ^! animals gett+ f\l ( x "u wat]4 ,x appe>$ z if x 7 mak+ direct = ! cable2 & great 0 ! relief ( all :5 ! pond]\s liv+ mass 0 se5 sl[ly to pass a/]n1 j graz+ ! cable :]e x ent]$ ! wat]--b =tunately )\t do+ any mis*ief4 ,all seem$ to g well up to ab\t eight o'clock2 ! cable paid out f ! hold ) an ev5ness & regul>ity :i* %[$ h[ c>efully & p]fectly x _h be5 coil$ away4 ,! pay+-out ma*9e also work$ s smoo?ly t x left no?+ to be desir$4 ,! brakes are prop]ly call$ self-releas+2 & al?\gh !y c1 by means ( additional weights1 be made to increase ! pressure or /ra9 ^u ! cable1 yet1 until ^! weights are /ill fur!r increas$ 7at ! eng9e]'s in/ructions71 x is impossible to augm5t ! /ra9 9 any o!r way4 ,to gu>d aga9/ accid5ts :i* might arise 9 consequ5ce ( ! cable hav+ suff]$ injury dur+ ! /orm1 ! indicat$ /ra9 ^u ! dynamomet] 0 nev] all[$ to g beyond #a1gjj lbs4 or less ?an "o-qu>t] :at ! cable is e/imat$ to be>4 ,?us f> ev]y?+ look$ promis+4 ,b 9 su* a haz>d\s "w no "o kn[s :at a few m9utes may br+ =?1 = soon aft] eight o'clock an injur$ portion ( ! cable#ce 0 discov]$ ab\t a mile or two f ! portion pay+ out4 ,n a mom5t 0 lo/ by ,mr4 ,cann+1 ! eng9e] on duty1 9 sett+ m5 to "w to cobble up ! injury z well z "t w\ld p]mit1 = ! cable 0 go+ out at su* a rate t ! damag$ portion w\ld be paid ov]bo>d 9 less ?an tw5ty m9utes1 & =m] exp]i5ce _h %[n u t to *eck ei!r ! spe$ ( ! %ip or ! cable w\ld1 9 all probability1 be att5d$ by ! mo/ fatal results4 ,j be=e ! lapp+ 0 f9i%$1 ,pr(essor ,?omson report$ t ! electrical cont9uity ( ! wire _h ceas$1 b t ! insulation 0 /ill p]fect4 ,att5tion 0 naturally direct$ to ! injur$ piece z ! probable s\rce ( ! /oppage1 & n a mom5t 0 lo/ 9 cutt+ ! cable at t po9t ) ! int5tion ( mak+ a p]fect splice4 ,to ! con/]nation ( all1 ! electrical te/s appli$ %[$ ! fault to be ov]bo>d1 & 9 all probability "s fifty miles f ! %ip4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--;,9 ,collision ) a ,:ale :ile ,cable-,lay+4 ,n a second 0 to be lo/1 = x 0 evid5t t ! cut portion mu/ be paid ov]bo>d 9 a few m9utes2 & 9 ! meantime ! t$i\s & difficult op]ation ( mak+ a splice _h to be p]=m$4 ,! %ip 0 imm$iately /opp$1 & no m cable paid out ?an 0 absolutely necess>y to prev5t x break+4 ,z ! /]n ( ! %ip 0 lift$ by ! waves a sc5e ( ! mo/ int5se excitem5t foll[$4 ,x seem$ impossible1 ev5 by us+ ! greate/ possible spe$ & pay+ out ! lea/ possible am\nt ( cable1 t ! junction c\ld be f9i%$ be=e ! "p 0 tak5 out ( ! h&s ( ! workm54 ,! ma9 hold pres5t$ an extraord9>y sc5e4 ,ne>ly all ! (fic]s ( ! %ip & ( ^? connect$ ) ! exp$ition /ood 9 gr\ps ab\t ! coil1 wat*+ ) int5se anxiety ! cable z x sl[ly unw\nd itself ne>] & ne>] ! jo9t1 :ile ! workm5 work$ at ! splice z only m5 c\ld "w :o felt t ! life & dea? ( ! exp$ition dep5d$ ^u _! rapidity4 ,b all _! spe$ 0 to no purpose1 z ! cable 0 unw9d+ )9 a hundr$ fa?oms2 &1 z a la/ & desp]ate res\rce1 ! cable 0 /opp$ altoge!r1 & = a few m9utes ! %ip hung on by ! end4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 x 0 only = a few m9utes1 z ! /ra9 0 cont9ually ris+ above two tons & x w\ld n hold on mu* long]4 ,:5 ! splice 0 f9i%$ ! signal 0 made to loose ! /opp]s1 & x pass$ ov]bo>d 9 safety4 ,:5 ! excitem5t1 consequ5t ^u hav+ s n>r[ly sav$ ! cable1 _h pass$ away1 we awoke to ! consci\sness t ! case 0 yet z hopeless z ev]1 = ! electrical cont9uity 0 /ill entirely want+4 ,prep>ations 7 consequ5tly made to pay out z little rope z possible1 & to hold on = six h\rs 9 ! hope t ! fault1 :atev] x 01 might m5d itself1 be=e cutt+ ! cable & return+ to ! r5dezv\s to make ano!r splice4 ,! magnetic ne$les on ! receiv+-in/rum5ts 7 wat*$ closely = ! return+ signals1 :51 9 a few m9utes1 ! la/ hope 0 ext+ui%$ by _! sudd5ly indicat+ dead e>?1 :i* t5d$ to %[ t ! cable _h brok5 f ! ,niag>a1 or t ! insulation _h be5 completely de/roy$4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 c\ld be done4 ,! only c\rse 0 to wait until ! curr5t %\ld return or take its f9al dep>ture4 ,& x did return--) great] /r5g? ?an ev]--= 9 ?ree m9utes e "o 0 agreeably surpris$ by ! intellig5ce t ! /oppage _h disappe>$ & t ! signals _h aga9 appe>$ at _! regul> int]vals f ! ,niag>a#cf ,x is ne$less to say :at a load ( anxiety ?is news remov$ f ! m9ds ( e "o1 b ! g5]al confid5ce 9 ! ultimate success ( ! op]ations 0 mu* %ak5 by ! occurr5ce1 = all felt t e m9ute a simil> accid5t might occur4 ,= "s "t ! pay+ out cont9u$ z usual1 b t[>d ! morn+ ano!r damag$ place 0 discov]$ 9 ! cable4 ,!re 0 =tunately "t1 h[ev]1 to repair x 9 ! hold )\t 9 any way int]f]+ ) ! op]ations1 beyond = a "t r$uc+ slightly ! spe$ ( ! %ip4 ,dur+ ! morn+ ( ,friday1 ! #cj?1 ev]y?+ w5t well4 ,! %ip _h be5 kept at ! spe$ ( ab\t five knots1 ! cable go+ out at six1 ! av]age angle ) ! horizon at :i* x left ! %ip be+ ab\t #ae1 :ile ! indicat$ /ra9 ^u ! dynamomet] seldom %[$ m ?an #a1fjj lbs4 to #a1gjj lbs4 ,obs]vations made at noon %[$ t we _h made good n9ety miles f ! />t+-po9t s9ce ! previ\s day1 ) an exp5diture--includ+ ! loss 9 l[]+ ! splice1 & dur+ ! subsequ5t /oppages--( #ace miles ( cable4 ,dur+ ! latt] portion ( ! day ! b>omet] fell consid]ably1 & t[>d ! ev5+ x blew almo/ a gale ( w9d f ! ea/w>d1 dead ahead ( our c\rse4 ,z ! breeze fre%5$ ! spe$ ( ! eng9es 0 gradually increas$1 b ! w9d m ?an increas$ 9 proportion1 s t be=e ! sun w5t d[n ! ,agamemnon 0 go+ full /eam aga9/ ! w9d1 only mak+ a spe$ ( ab\t f\r knots4 ,dur+ ! ev5+1 topma/s 7 l[]$1 & sp>s1 y>ds1 sails1 & inde$ ev]y?+ al(t t c\ld (f] resi/ance to ! w9d1 7 s5t d[n on deck4 ,/ill ! %ip made b little way1 *iefly 9 consequ5ce ( ! heavy sea1 ?\gh ! enorm\s quantity ( fuel consum$ %[$ u t if ! w9d la/$1 we %\ld be r$uc$ to burn+ ! ma/s1 sp>s1 & ev5 ! decks1 to br+ ! %ip into ,val5tia4 ,x seem$ to be our p>ticul> ill-=tune to meet ) head-w9ds :i*ev] way ! %ip's head 0 turn$4 ,on our j\rney out we _h be5 delay$ & oblig$ to consume an undue proportion ( coal = want ( an ea/]ly w9d1 & n[ all our fuel 0 want$ because ( "o4 ,h[ev]1 dur+ ! next day ! w9d gradually w5t r\nd to ! s\?we/1 :i*1 ?\gh x rais$ a v heavy sea1 all[$ u to husb& our small rema9+ /ore ( fuel4 ,at noon on ,saturday1 ,july #ca/1 obs]vations %[$ u to be 9 lat4 #eb #bc ,n41 & long4 #bf #dd ,w41 hav+ made good #abj miles ( di/ance s9ce noon ( ! previ\s day1 ) a loss ( ab\t #bg p] c5t ( cable4 ,! ,niag>a1 z f> z c\ld be judg$ f ! am\nt ( cable %e paid out--:i* by a previ\s arrangem5t 0 signal$ at e t5 miles--kept pace ) u1 )9 "o or two miles1 ! :ole di/ance across4 ,dur+ ! aft]noon ( ,saturday1 ! w9d aga9 fre%5$ up1 & be=e nightfall x blew ne>ly a gale ( w9d1 & a trem5d\s sea ran be=e x f ! s\?we/1 :i* made ! ,agamemnon pit* & toss to su* an ext5t t x 0 ?\ght impossible ! cable c\ld hold ?r\gh ! night4 ,inde$1 _h x n be5 = ! con/ant c>e & wat*fulness ex]cis$ by ,mr4 ,bright & ! two en]getic eng9e]s1 ,mr4 ,cann+ & ,mr4 ,clif=d1 :o act$ ) him1 x c\ld n h be5 done at all4 ,m5 7 kept at ! :eels ( ! ma*9e to prev5t _! /opp+ 7z ! /]n ( ! %ip rose & fell ) ! sea71 = _h !y done s1 ! cable mu/ und\bt$ly h p>t$4 ,dur+ ,sunday ! sea & w9d increas$1 & be=e ! ev5+ x blew a sm>t gale4 ,n[1 inde$1 7 ! en]gy & activity ( all engag$ 9 ! op]ation task$ to ! utmo/4 ,mr4 ,ho> & ,mr4 ,moore--! two eng9e]s :o _h ! *>ge ( ! reliev+-:eels ( ! dynamomet]--_h to keep wat* & wat* alt]nately e f\r h\rs1 & :ile on duty dur/ n let _! att5tion be remov$ f _! occupation = "o mom5t2 = on _! releas+ ! brakes e "t ! /]n ( ! %ip fell into ! tr\gh ( ! sea entirely dep5d$ ! safety ( ! cable1 & ! result %[s h[ ably !y dis*>g$ _! duty4 ,?r\gh\t ! night !re 7 few :o _h ! lea/ expectation ( ! cable hold+ on till morn+1 & _m lay awake li/5+ = ! s\nd t all mo/ dread$ to he>1 viz41 ! gun :i* %\ld ann\nce ! failure ( all our hopes4 ,b /ill ! cable--:i* 9 comp>ison ) ! %ip f :i* x 0 paid out1 & ! gigantic waves among :i* x 0 deliv]$1 0 b a m]e ?read--cont9u$ to hold on1 only leav+ a silv]y phosphoresc5t l9e ^u ! /up5d\s seas z !y roll$ on t[>d ! %ip4 ,) ,sunday morn+ came no improvem5t 9 ! wea!r1 /ill ! sky rema9$ black & /ormy to w9dw>d1 & ! con/ant viol5t squalls ( w9d & ra9 :i* prevail$ dur+ ! :ole day s]v$ to keep up1 if n to augm5t1 ! height ( ! waves4 ,b ! cable _h gone ?r\gh s mu* dur+ ! night t our confid5ce 9 its cont9u+ to hold 0 mu* re/or$4 ,at noon obs]vation %[$ u to be 9 lat4 #eb #bf ,n41 & long4 #bc #af ,w41 hav+ made good #acj miles f noon ( ! previ\s day1 & ab\t #cej f our />t+-po9t 9 mid-ocean4 ,we _h pass$ by ! deepe/ s\nd+s ( #b1djj fa?oms1 & ov] m ?an half ( ! deep wat] g5]ally1 :ile ! am\nt ( cable /ill rema9+ 9 ! %ip 0 m ?an suffici5t to c>ry u to ! ,iri% coa/1 ev5 suppos+ ! cont9uance ( ! bad wea!r1 %\ld oblige u to pay out ne>ly ! same am\nt ( slack cable z hi!rto4 ,?us f> ?+s look$ promis+ = our ultimate success4 ,b =m] exp]i5ce %[$ u only too pla9ly t we c\ld nev] suppose t "s accid5t might n arise until ! ends _h be5 fairly l&$ on ! opposite %ores4 ,dur+ ,sunday night & ,monday morn+ ! wea!r cont9u$ z boi/]\s z ev]4 ,x 0 only by ! mo/ indefatigable ex]tions ( ! eng9e] ^u duty t ! :eels c\ld be prev5t$ f /opp+ altoge!r z ! vessel rose & fell ) ! sea2 & once or twice !y did come completely to a /&/ill 9 spite ( all t c\ld be done to keep !m mov+4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 !y 7 aga9 set 9 motion be=e ! /]n ( ! %ip 0 ?r[n up by ! succe$+ wave4 ,no /ra9 c\ld be plac$ ^u ! cable1 ( c\rse1 & ?\gh ! dynamomet] occasionally regi/]$ #a1gjj lbs41 z ! %ip lift$1 x 0 (t5] bel[ #a1jjj lbs41 & 0 frequ5tly no?+1 ! cable runn+ out z fa/ z its own weight & ! spe$ ( ! %ip c\ld draw x4 ,b ev5 ) all ^! =ces act+ unresi/+ly ^u x1 ! cable nev] paid itself out at a great] spe$ ?an eight knots at ! "t ! %ip 0 go+ at ! rate ( six knots & a half4 ,subsequ5tly1 h[ev]1 :5 ! spe$ ( ! %ip ev5 exce$$ six knots & a half1 ! cable nev] ran out s quickly4 ,! av]age spe$ ma9ta9$ by ! %ip up to ?is "t1 &1 inde$1 = ! :ole voyage1 0 ab\t five knots & a half1 ! cable1 ) occasional exceptions1 runn+ "s #cj p] c5t fa/]4 ,at noon on ,monday1 ,augu/ #b;d1 obs]vations %[$ u to be 9 lat4 #eb #ce ,n41 long4 #ai #dh ,w4 ,?us we _h made good #abg-a_/b miles s9ce noon ( ! previ\s day & _h complet$ m ?an half-way to our ultimate de/9ation4 ,dur+ ! aft]noon1 an ,am]ican ?ree-ma/$ s*oon]1 :i* aft]w>d prov$ to be ! ,*iefta91 0 se5 /&+ f ! ea/w>d t[>d u4 ,no notice 0 tak5 ( h] at fir/1 b :5 %e 0 )9 ab\t half a mile ( ! ,agamemnon1 %e alt]$ h] c\rse & bore "r d[n across our b[s4 ,a collision :i* might prove fatal to ! cable n[ seem$ inevitable2 or c\ld only be avoid$ by ! equally haz>d\s exp$i5t ( alt]+ ! ,agamemnon's c\rse4 ,! ,valor\s /eam$ ahead & fir$ a gun = h] to heave to1 :i* z %e did n appe> to take mu* notice (1 0 quickly foll[$ by ano!r f ! b[s ( ! ,agamemnon1 & a second & ?ird f ! ,valor\s4 ,b /ill ! vessel held on h] c\rse2 &1 z ! only res\rce left to avoid a collision1 ! c\rse ( ! ,agamemnon 0 alt]$ j 9 "t to pass )9 a few y>ds ( h]4 ,x 0 evid5t t our proce$+s 7 a s\rce ( ! greate/ possible a/oni%m5t to !m1 = all h] crew cr[d$ ^u h] deck & rigg+4 ,at l5g? !y evid5tly discov]$ :o we 7 & :at we 7 do+1 = ! crew mann$ ! rigg+1 &1 dipp+ ! ensign sev]al times1 !y gave u ?ree he>ty *e]s4 ,?\gh ! ,agamemnon 0 oblig$ to ackn[l$ge ^! congratulations 9 due =m1 ! feel+ ( annoyance ) :i* we reg>d$ ! vessel--:i* 7ei!r by ! /upidity or c>elessness ( ^? on bo>d7 0 s ne> add+ a fatal & unexpect$ mi%ap to ! long *apt] ( accid5ts :i* _h already be5 enc\nt]$--may easily be imag9$4 ,to ^? bel[--:o1 ( c\rse1 did n see ! %ip approa*+--! s\nd ( ! fir/ gun came l a ?und]bolt1 = all took x z a signal ( ! break+ ( ! cable4 ,! d9n]-tables 7 des]t$ 9 a mom5t1 & a g5]al ru% made up ! hat*es to ! deck2 b be=e rea*+ x _! fe>s 7 quickly bani%$ by ! report ( ! succe$+ gun1 :i* all knew well c\ld only be caus$ by a %ip 9 our way or a man ov]bo>d4 ,?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ,monday morn+ ! electrical signals f ! ,niag>a _h be5 gett+ gradually weak]1 until !y ceas$ altoge!r = ne>ly ?ree-qu>t]s ( an h\r4 ,!n ,pr(essor ,?omson s5t a message to ! effect t ! signals 7 too weak to be read2 &1 9 a little :ile1 ! deflections return$ ev5 /rong] ?an !y _h ev] be5 be=e4 ,t[>d ! ev5+1 h[ev]1 !y aga9 decl9$ 9 =ce = a few m9utes4#cg ,) ! exception ( ^! little /oppages1 ! electrical condition ( ! subm]g$ wire seem$ to be mu* improv$4 ,x 0 evid5t t ! l[ temp]ature ( ! wat] at ! imm5se dep? improv$ consid]ably ! insulat+ prop]ties ( ! gutta-p]*a1 :ile ! enorm\s pressure to :i* x mu/ h be5 subject$ probably t5d$ to consolidate its texture1 & to fill up any air-bubbles or slight faults 9 manufacture :i* may h exi/$4 ,! wea!r dur+ ,monday night mod]at$ a little2 b /ill !re 0 a v heavy sea on1 :i* endang]$ ! wire e second m9ute4 ,ab\t ?ree o'clock on ,tuesday morn+ all on bo>d 7 />tl$ f _! b$s by ! l\d boom+ ( a gun4 ,e "o--)\t wait+ = ! p]=mance ( ! mo/ p>ticul> toilet--ru%$ on deck to asc]ta9 ! cause ( ! di/urbance4 ,contr>y to all expectation1 ! cable 0 safe2 b j 9 ! gray light c\ld be se5 ! ,valor\s--r\nd$ to 9 ! mo/ w>like attitude--fir+ gun aft] gun 9 quick succession t[>d a l>ge ,am]ican b>k1 :i*1 q unconsci\s ( our proce$+s1 0 /&+ "r across our /]n4 ,su* l\d & repeat$ remon/rances f a l>ge /eam-frigate 7 n to be despis$2 & evid5tly )\t kn[+ ! :y or ! :]e=e %e quickly ?rew h] sails aback1 & rema9$ hove to4 ,:e!r ^? on bo>d h] consid]$ t we 7 engag$ 9 "s filibu/]+ exp$ition1 or reg>d$ our proce$+s z ano!r outrage ^u ! ,am]ican flag1 x is impossible to say2 b c]ta9 x is t--app>5tly 9 great trepidation--%e rema9$ hove to until we _h lo/ sight ( h] 9 ! di/ance4 ,tuesday 0 a mu* f9] day ?an any we _h exp]i5c$ = ne>ly a week1 b /ill !re 0 a consid]able sea runn+1 & our dang]s 7 f> f pa/2 yet ! hopes ( our ultimate success ran high4 ,we _h accompli%$ ne>ly ! :ole ( ! deep portions ( ! r\te 9 safety1 & t1 too1 "u ! mo/ unfavorable circum/ances possible2 !re=e !re 0 e reason to believe t--unless "s un=ese5 accid5t %\ld occur--we %\ld accompli% ! rema9d]4 ,obs]vations at noon plac$ u 9 lat4 #e #bf ,n41 long4 #af #g #dj ,w41 hav+ run #acd miles s9ce ! previ\s day4 ,ab\t five o'clock 9 ! ev5+ ! /eep subm>9e m\nta9 :i* divides ! /eep telegraphic plateau f ! ,iri% coa/ 0 rea*$1 & ! sudd5 %all[+ ( wat] _h a v m>k$ effect ^u ! cable1 caus+ ! /ra9 & ! spe$ to less5 e m9ute4 ,a great deal ( slack 0 paid out1#ch to all[ = any great] inequalities :i* might exi/1 ?\gh undiscov]$ by ! s\nd+-l9e4 ,ab\t t5 o'clock ! %oal wat] ( #bej fa?oms 0 rea*$4 ,! only rema9+ anxiety n[ 0 ! *ang+ f ! l[] ma9 coil to t ^u ! upp] deck2 & ?is mo/ dang]\s op]ation 0 successfully p]=m$ betwe5 ?ree & f\r o'clock on ,w$nesday morn+4 ,w$nesday 0 a beautiful1 calm day2 inde$1 x 0 ! fir/ on :i* any "o w\ld h ?\ght ( mak+ a splice s9ce ! day we />t$ f ! r5dezv\s4 ,we !re=e congratulat$ ourselves on hav+ sav$ a week by comm5c+ op]ations on ! ,?ursday previ\s4 ,at noon we 7 9 lat4 #eb #aa2 long4 #ab #dj #b ,w41 eighty-n9e miles di/ant f ! telegraph /ation at ,val5tia4 ,! wat] 0 %all[1 s t !re 0 no difficulty 9 pay+ out ! wire almo/ )\t any loss by slack2 & all look$ ^u ! und]tak+ z virtually accompli%$4 ,at ab\t "o o'clock 9 ! ev5+ ! second *ange f ! upp]-deck coil to t ^u ! orlop-deck 0 safely effect$2 & %ortly aft] ! vessels ex*ang$ signals t !y 7 9 #bjj fa?oms wat]4 ,z night advanc$ ! spe$ ( ! %ip 0 r$uc$1 z x 0 kn[n t we 7 only a %ort di/ance f ! l&1 & !re w\ld be no advantage 9 mak+ x be=e daylight 9 ! morn+4 ,at ab\t twelve o'clock1 h[ev]1 ! ,skelligs ,light 0 se5 9 ! di/ance1 & ! ,valor\s /eam$ on ahead to lead u 9 to ! coa/1 fir+ rockets at int]vals to direct u1 :i* 7 answ]$ by u f ! ,agamemnon1 ?\gh--accord+ to ,mr4 ,mori>ty1 ! ma/]'s1 wi%--! %ip1 disreg>d+ ! ,valor\s1 kept h] own c\rse1 :i* prov$ to be ! "r "o 9 ! end4 ,by daylight on ! morn+ ( ,?ursday1 ! #e?1 ! bold rocky m\nta9s :i* entirely surr\nd ! wild & picturesque neighborhood ( ,val5tia rose "r be=e u at a few miles di/ance4 ,nev]1 probably1 0 ! sight ( l& m welcome1 z x br\ght to a successful t]m9ation "o ( ! greate/1 b at ! same "t mo/ difficult1 s*emes :i* 0 ev] und]tak54 ,_h x be5 ! dulle/ & mo/ melan*oly swamp on ! face ( ! e>? t lay be=e u1 we %\ld h f\nd x a pleasant prospect2 b z ! sun rose beh9d ! e/u>y ( ,d+le ,bay1 t+e+ ) a deep1 s(t purple ! l(ty summits ( ! /eep m\nta9s :i* surr\nd its %ores1 illum9at+ ! masses ( morn+ vapor :i* hung ^u !m1 x 0 a sc5e :i* might vie 9 beauty ) any?+ t c\ld be produc$ by ! mo/ florid imag9ation ( an arti/4 ,successful ,t]m9ation4--,no "o on %ore 0 app>5tly consci\s ( our approa*1 s ! ,valor\s w5t ahead to ! m\? ( ! h>bor & fir$ a gun4 ,bo? %ips made /raight = ,d\las ,bay1 ! ,agamemnon /eam+ into ! h>bor 7see ,frontispiece7 ) a feel+ t %e _h done some?+1 & ab\t #f ,a4,m4 came to an*or at ! side ( ,beg9i% ,isl&1 opposite to ,val5tia4 ,z soon z ! inhabitants became aw>e ( our approa*1 !re 0 a g5]al des]tion ( ! place1 & hundr$s ( boats cr[d$ r\nd u--_! pass5g]s 9 ! greate/ /ate ( excitem5t to he> all ab\t our voyage4 ,! ,knight ( ,k]ry 0 abs5t 9 ,d+le1 b a mess5g] 0 imm$iately despat*$ = him1 & he soon arriv$ 9 h] ,maje/y's gunboat ,%amrock4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4--,l&+ ! ,am]ican ,end4 ,soon aft] our arrival a signal 0 receiv$ f ! ,niag>a t !y 7 prep>+ to l&1 hav+ paid out #a1jcj nautical miles ( cable1 :ile ! ,agamemnon _h accompli%$ h] portion ( ! di/ance ) an exp5diture ( #a1jbj miles1 mak+ ! total l5g? ( ! wire subm]g$ #b1jej geographical miles4 ,imm$iately aft] ! %ips ca/ an*or1 ! paddle-box boats ( ! ,valor\s 7 got ready1 & two miles ( cable coil$ away 9 !m1 = ! purpose ( l&+ ! end4 ,b x 0 late 9 ! aft]noon be=e ! procession ( boats left ! %ip1 "u a salute ( ?ree r\nds ( small arms f ! deta*m5t ( m>9es on bo>d ! ,agamemnon1 "u ! comm& ( ,lieut5ant ,morris4 ,! progress ( ! end to ! %ore 0 v sl[1 9 consequ5ce ( ! /iff w9d :i* blew at ! "t2 b at ab\t #c ,p4,m4 ! end 0 safely br\ght on %ore at ,knight's ,t[n1 ,val5tia1 by ,mr4 ,bright1 to ^: ex]tions ! success ( ! und]tak+ is attributable4 ,mr4 ,bright 0 accompani$ by ,mr4 ,cann+ & ! ,knight ( ,k]ry4 ,! end 0 imm$iately laid 9 ! tr5* :i* _h be5 dug to receive x2 :ile a royal salute1 mak+ ! neighbor+ rocks & m\nta9s rev]b]ate1 ann\nc$ t ! communication betwe5 ! ,old & ,new ,_w _h be5 complet$4 ,! cable 0 tak5 into ! electrical room by ,mr4 ,:iteh\se1 & atta*$ to a galvanomet]1 & ! fir/ message 0 receiv$ ?r\gh ! entire l5g? n[ ly+ on ! b$ ( ! sea4 ,too mu* praise c n be be/[$ ^u bo? ! (fic]s & m5 ( ! ,agamemnon = ! he>ty way 9 :i* !y h assi/$ 9 ! ardu\s & difficult s]vice !y h be5 engag$ 92 & ! admirable mann] 9 :i* ! %ip 0 navigat$ by ,mr4 ,mori>ty mat]ially r$uc$ ! difficulty ( ! company's op]ations4 ,x w1 9 all probability1 be ne>ly a =tnight be=e ! in/rum5ts are connect$ at ! two t]m9i = ! transmission ( regul> messages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4--,newf\ndl& ,telegraph ,/ation1 #aheh4 ,x is unnecess>y "h to expatiate ^u ! magnitude ( ! und]tak+ :i* has j be5 complet$1 or ^u ! great political & social results :i* are likely to accrue f x2 b !re c be b "o feel+ ( univ]sal admiration = ! c\rage & p]sev]ance :i* h be5 display$ by ,mr4 ,bright1 & ^? :o act$ "u 8 ord]s1 9 enc\nt]+ ! manifold difficulties :i* arose on _! pa? at e /ep4#ci ,! ,am]ican ,end4--,9 contradi/9ction to ! heavy seas & difficulties ! ,agamemnon _h to cont5d )1 h] consort1 ! ,niag>a1 exp]i5c$ v quiet wea!r1 & h] "p ( ! "w 0 comp>atively unev5tful1 ) ! exception ( a fault ne> ! bottom ( ! w>d-room coil4 ,?is 0 detect$ dur+ ! op]ations on ! night ( ,augu/ #b;d1 b 0 remov$ be=e x 0 paid out into ! sea4 ,ab\t f\r o'clock ! next morn+ ! cont9uity & insulation 0 accord+ly re/or$1 &1 says ,mr4 ,mullaly 7! ,new ,york ,h]ald correspond5t on bo>d71 all 0 go+ on z if no?+ _h occurr$ to di/urb ! confid5ce we felt 9 ! success ( ! exp$ition4 ,:5 ne>+ ! end1 v>i\s iceb]gs 7 met )--"s a hundr$ feet high4 ,mullaly dilates on _! ca/le-l =m & ! effective appe>ance ( ! sun's rays !reon4 ,%ortly aft] ent]+ ,tr9ity ,bay1 ,newf\ndl&1 ! ,niag>a 0 met by ,h4,m4,s4 ,porcup9e1 :i* _h be5 s5t out f ,engl& at ! v beg9n+ ( ! #aheh exp$ition to await h] arrival & r5d] any assi/ance :i* might be requir$4 ,! ,niag>a an*or$ ab\t #a ,a4,m4 on ,augu/ #e?1 hav+ complet$ h] "w1 &1 dur+ ! =5oon ( t day1 ! cable 0 l&$ 9 a little bay1 ,bull ,arm1#dj at ! head ( ,tr9ity ,bay1 :5 !y receiv$ v /rong curr5ts ( electricity ?r\gh ! :ole cable f ! o!r side ( ! ,atlantic4#da ,! telegraph-h\se at ! ,newf\ndl& end 0 "s two miles f ! bea*1 & connect$ to ! cable by a l&-l9e4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,celebration ,eng9e]'s ,report--,jubilations--,banquets--,spee* es--,honor to ! ,eng9e]-9-,*ief4 ,on l&+ at ,val5tia1 ! eng9e]-9-*ief at once s5t ! foll[+ />tl+ b welcome message to 8 ,bo>d1 :i* 0 at once pass$ on to ! press3 ,*>les ,bright1 to ! ,directors ( ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company4 ,,val5tia1 ,augu/ #e?4 ,! ,agamemnon has arriv$ at ,val5tia1 & we are ab\t to l& ! end ( ! cable4 ,! ,niag>a is 9 ,tr9ity ,bay1 ,newf\ndl&4 ,!re are good signals betwe5 ! %ips4 ,we rea*$ ! r5dezv\s on ! night ( ! #bh?1 & ! splice ) ! ,niag>a cable 0 made on bo>d ! ,agamemnon ! foll[+ morn+4 ,by noon on ! #cj?1 #bfe nautical miles 7 laid betwe5 ! %ips2 on ! #ca/1 #edj2 on ! #a/ ,augu/1 #hhd2 on ! #b;d1 #a1bef2 on ! #d?1 #a1hed2 on an*or+ at six 9 ! morn+ 9 ,d\las ,bay1 #b1jbb4 ,! spe$ ( ! ,niag>a dur+ ! :ole "t has be5 ne>ly ! same z ours1 ! l5g? ( cable paid out f ! two %ips be+ g5]ally )9 t5 miles ( ea* o!r4 ,) ! exception ( ye/]day1 ! wea!r has be5 v unfavorable4#db ,on ! aft]noon ( ,?ursday1 ,augu/ #e?--z already describ$ 9 ,! ,times report--,bright & 8 /aff br\ght to %ore ! end ( ! cable1 at ,:ite ,/r& ,bay1 ne> ,knight's ,t[n1 ,val5tia1 9 ! boats ( ! ,valor\s1 welcom$ by ! unit$ *e]s ( ! small cr[d assembl$4 ,tak5 entirely by surprise1 all ,engl& applaud$ ! triumph ( su* undaunt$ p]sev]ance & ! eng9e]+ & nautical skill display$ 9 ?is victory ov] ! elem5ts4 ,! ,atlantic ,telegraph _h be5 ju/ly *>act]iz$ z ! great feat ( ! c5tury1 & ?is 0 ree*o$ by all ! press on its realization4 ,! foll[+ extracts f ! lead+ article ( ,! ,times ! day aft] completion is an example ( ! comm5ts ^u ! a*ievem5t3 ,mr4 ,bright1 hav+ l&$ ! end ( ! ,atlantic cable at ,val5tia1 has br\ght to a successful t]m9ation 8 anxi\s & difficult task ( l9k+ ! ,old ,_w ) ! ,new1 !reby annihilat+ space4 ,s9ce ! discov]y ( ,columbus1 no?+ has be5 done 9 any degree comp>able to ! va/ enl>gem5t :i* has ?us be5 giv5 to ! sph]e ( human activity4 ,! rejoic+ 9 ,am]ica1 bo? 9 public & private1 knew no b\nds4 ,! a/\nd+ news ( ! success ( ?is unp>allel$ ent]prise1 aft] su* combats ) /orm & sea1 creat$ univ]sal en?usiasm1 exultation1 & joy1 su* z 01 p]haps1 nev] be=e produc$ by any ev5t1 n ev5 ! discov]y ( ! ,we/]n ,hemisph]e4 ,_m _h pr$ict$ its failure1 "s f ignorance1 o!rs simply because !y 7 anti-progressives by nature4 ,philan?ropi/s ev]y:]e hail$ x z ! greate/ ev5t ( mod]n times1 h]ald+ ! good "t com+ ( univ]sal peace & bro!rhood4 ,9 ,newf\ndl&1 ,mr4 ,field1 toge!r ) ,mr4 ,bright's assi/ant eng9e]s1 ,messrs4 ,ev]ett & ,woodh\se1 & ! electricians1 ,messrs1 de ,sauty & ,laws1 receiv$ ! he>tie/ congratulations & welcome f ! ,gov]nor & ,legislative ,c\ncil ( ! colony4 ,:ile ackn[l$g+ ^! congratulations1 ,mr4 ,field rem>k$4 ,we h _h _m difficulties to surm\nt1 _m disc\ragem5ts to be>1 & "s enemies to ov]come1 ^: v opposition has /imulat$ u to great] ex]tion4#dc ,x 0 a curi\s co9cid5ce t ! cable 0 successfully complet$ to ,val5tia on ! same day 9 #aheh on :i* ! %ore end _h be5 l&$ ! ye> be=e4 ,moreov]1 x 0 exactly "o hundr$ & elev5 ye>s s9ce ,dr4 7aft]w>d ,sir ,william7 ,watson _h a/oni%$ ! sci5tific _w by s5d+ an electric curr5t ?r\gh a wire two miles long1 us+ ! e>? z a return circuit4 ,x is also wor?y ( note t ! fir/ feat ( telegraphy 0 execut$ by ord] ( ,k+ ,agamemnon to 8 que51 ann\nc+ ! fall ( ,troy1 #a1jhd ye>s be=e ! bir? ( ,*ri/1 & t ! great feat :i* we h n>rat$ 0 c>ri$ out by ! great %ip ,agamemnon1 z has be5 "h %[n4 ,mr4 ,bright & ,messrs4 ,cann+ & ,clif=d & ! re/ ( ! /aff1 z well z ,pr(essor ,?omson & ! electricians1 7 absolutely exhau/$ ) ! incessant wat*+ & almo/ unbe>able anxiety att5d+ _! ardu\s travail4 ,val5tia prov$ a hav5 ( re/ inde$ = ^! toil]s ( ! deep--completely knock$ up ) _! exp]i5ces on ! ,atlantic1 n to m5tion _! previ\s trials & disappo9tm5ts4 ,!n came a s]ies ( banquets1 :i* _h to be gone ?r\gh4 ,soon aft] 8 duties at ,val5tia 7 ov]1 ,bright made 8 way to ,dubl94 ,"h he 0 ent]ta9$ by ! ,"l ,mayor & civic au?orities ( t capital on ,w$nesday1 ,septemb] #a/4 ,on ?is occasion ,c>d9al ,wiseman1 :o 0 pres5t1 made an eloqu5t spee*2 & ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! proce$+s f ! ,morn+ ,po/ may be suitably quot$3 ,! banquet giv5 on ,w$nesday1 ! #a/1 by ! ,"l ,mayor ( ,dubl91 to ,mr4 ,c4 ,t4 ,bright1 ,eng9e]-9-,*ief to ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company1 0 a great success4 ,! assemblage embrac$ ! highe/ names 9 ! metropolis--civil1 milit>y1 & (ficial4 ,c>d9al ,wiseman 0 pres5t 9 full c>d9alite co/ume4 ,! usual toa/s 7 giv51 & receiv$ ) all honors4 ,! ,"l ,mayor1 9 propos+ ! toa/ ( ! ev5+1 ,! heal? ( ,mr4 ,bright1 dwelt ) mu* eloqu5ce on ! a*ievem5ts ( sci5ce1 & paid a m>k$ & m]it$ complim5t to ! g5ius & p]sev]ance :i*1 9 ! face ( disc\ragem5t f ! sci5tific _w1 _h succe$$ 9 br++ ab\t ! accompli%m5t ( ! great und]tak+ ( ! lay+ ( ! ,atlantic telegraph4 ,8 lord%ip's spee* 0 mo/ eloqu5t1 & highly complim5t>y to ! di/+ui%$ gue/1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,t4 ,bright4 ,mr4 ,bright rose1 amid l\d *e]s1 to respond4 ,he ?ank$ ! assemblage = _! he>ty welcome1 & said he 0 deeply s5sible ( ! honor ( hav+ 8 "n associat$ ) ! great "w ( ! ,atlantic ,telegraph4 ,he next comm5t$ ^u ! value ( ?is means ( communication = ! prev5tion ( misund]/&+ betwe5 ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ! great p[]s1 & !n ref]r$ to ! s]vices ( ! g5tlem5 :o _h be5 associat$ ) him 9 lay+ ! cable1 ) :om he %>$ ! honors done him t night4 7,mr4 ,bright 0 w>mly *e]$ ?r\gh\t 8 eloqu5t spee*47 ,8 ,em95ce ! ,c>d9al descant$ 9 gl[+ t]ms on ! new a*ievem5t ( sci5ce1 br\ght to a successful issue "u ! able sup]9t5d5ce ( ,mr4 ,bright4 ,he w>mly eulogiz$ t g5tleman's mode/ appreciation ( 8 s]vices to ! _w ( comm]ce & to int]national communication 9 g5]al4 ,*>les ,bright 0 honor$ ) a knigh?ood )9 a few days ( l&+4 ,z ?is 0 consid]$ a special occasion1 & z ,que5 ,victoria 0 at t "t abroad1 ! c]emony 0 p]=m$ !re & !n by 8 ,excell5cy ! ,"l-,lieut5ant ( ,irel& on behalf ( h] ,maje/y4 ,bright 0 b tw5ty-six ye>s ( age at ! "t1 be+ ! y\nge/ man :o _h receiv$ ! di/9ction = g5]ations pa/1 & no simil> in/ance has s9ce occurr$4 ,moreov]1 x 0 ! fir/ title conf]r$ on ! telegraphic or electrical pr(ession1 & rema9$ s = _m ye>s4 ,) ,pr(essor ,?omson & o!r colleagues1 ,sir ,*>les ,bright 0 "r royally ent]ta9$ 9 ,dubl91 ,kill>ney1 & else:]e1 ! ,"l-,lieut5ant tak+ a prom95t "p 9 ! celebrations4 ,on ! occasion ( ! ,kill>ney banquet1 8 ,excell5cy made ! foll[+ rem>ks propos ( ! cable & its eng9e]s3#dd ,:5 we consid] ! extraord9>y und]tak+ t has be5 accompli%$ )9 ! la/ few weeks2 :5 we consid] t a cable ( ab\t #b1jjj miles has be5 ext5d$ b5ea? ! ocean--a l5g? :i*1 if multipli$ t5 times1 w\ld rea* our f>!/ colonies & ne>ly surr\nd ! e>?2 :5 we consid] x is /ret*$ along ! b$ ( %+les & %ells1 :i* appe>$ de/9$ = x z a f\ndation by ,provid5ce1 & /ret*+ f ! po9ts :i* human ent]prise w\ld look to2 & :5 we consid] ! great results t w fl[ f ! ent]prise1 we are at a loss "h h[ suffici5tly to admire ! g5ius & en]gy ( ^? :o plann$ x1 or h[ to be suffici5tly ?ankful to ! ,almighty = hav+ delegat$ su* a p[] to ! human race1 = ^: b5efit x is to be put 9 =ce4 7,*e]s47 ,& let u look at ! c>e] :i* ?is telegraph has pass$ s9ce x 0 fir/ discov]$4 ,at fir/ x 0 rapidly laid ov] ! l&1 unit+ /ates1 communities1 & c\ntries1 ext5d+ ov] hills & valleys1 roads & railways2 b ! sea appe>$ to pres5t an imp5etrable b>ri]4 ,x c\ld n /op "h1 h[ev]2 subm>9e telegraphy 0 b a "q ( "t1 & ! fir/ ent]prise by :i* x 0 introduc$ 0 9 connection ) an old foe--& at pres5t our be/ fri5d--,imp]ial ,france4 7,he>1 he>47 ,! next attempt :i* 0 successful 0 ! junction ( ,engl& & our isl&1 & :i* 01 ,i believe1 c>ri$ out by ! same di/+ui%$ eng9e] 7,sir ,*>les ,bright71 ^: "n is n[ 9 ! m\? ( e man4 7,he>1 he>47 ,o!r subm>9e attempts foll[$3 ! telegraph paus$ be=e ! great ,atlantic1 l ano!r ,alex&]1 weep+ z if x _h no m worlds to conqu]2 b x has f\nd ano!r _w1 & x has ga9$ x--n br++ /rife or conque/1 b c>ry+ ) x peace & good-w4 7,applause47 ,i feel ,i %\ld be want+ if ,i did n allude 9 t]ms ( admiration to ! g5ius & skill ( ! eng9e]1 ,sir ,*>les ,bright1 :o has c>ri$ out ?is ent]prise1 & to ! zeal & c\rage ( ^? :o br\ght x to a successful t]m9ation4 7,applause47 ,x is n necess>y1 ,i am c]ta91 to call att5tion to ! dilig5ce & att5tion %[n by ! crew ( ! ,agamemnon--7*e]s7--because ,i am sure !re is no "o "h :o has n read ! description ( ! voyage 9 ! newspap]s4 ,! zeal & ent]prise 7 only to be equal$ by ! skill ) :i* x 0 c>ri$ out4 ,i believe !re 0 only a diff]5ce ( twelve miles betwe5 ! two ends ( ! cable :5 x came to ! %ore4 ,!re are "s que/ions ) reg>d to ! date at :i* ! "w 0 c>ri$ out to :i* ,i wi% to call att5tion4 ,x 0 on ! #e? ,augu/1 #aheg1 t ?is ent]prise 0 fir/ comm5c$ "u ! auspices ( my di/+ui%$ pr$ecessor1 :o ,i wi% 0 "h n[ to rejoice 9 its success--,i mean only 9 a private capacity4 7,*e]s & laught]47 ,x 0 on ! #e? ,augu/1 #aheh1 x 0 complet$1 & x 0 on ! #e? ,augu/1 m ?an ?ree hundr$ ye>s ago1 t ,columbus left ! %ores ( ,spa9 to proce$ on 8 ev]-memorable voyage to ,am]ica4 ,x 0 on ! #e? ( ,augu/1 #aehc1 t ,sir ,hugh ,gilb]t1 a wor?y c\ntryman ( ,raleigh & ,drake1 /e]$ 8 good %ip ! ,squirrel to ! %ores ( ,newf\ndl& & fir/ unfurl$ ! flag ( ,engl& 9 ! v bay :]e ?is triumph has n[ tak5 place--7applause7--& x 0 on ! same #e? ( ,augu/ t y\r sov]eign 0 receiv$ by h] imp]ial fri5d amid ! =tifications ( ,*]b\rg1 & !reby put an end to ! ridicul\s nons5se ab\t /rife & diss5sion4 7,applause47 ,let ! #e? ,augu/ be a day ev] memorable among nations4 ,let x be1 if ,i may s t]m x1 ! bir?day ( ,engl&4 7,applause47 ,among ! _m po9ts :i* mu/ h giv5 e "o satisfaction 0 ! mann] 9 :i* ?is great success 0 receiv$ 9 ,am]ica4 7,he>47 ,!re appe>s to h be5 b "o feel+ ( rejoic+ pr$om9ant among !m2 & ,i c n b ?9k t t 0 n only ow+ to _! comm]cial ent]prise--:i* !y %>$ along ) u--b also1 ,i tru/1 m to ! feel+s ( consangu9ity & affection :i* ,i am sure we %>e1 ?\gh occasionally di/urb$ by int]national disputes1 & by diff]5ces caus$ by misrepres5tations or ha/9ess4 ,x mu/ /ill burn z brightly 9 _! brea/s z 9 ours4 7,applause47 ,i tru/ t1 n only ) our fri5ds across ! ,atlantic1 b ) e civiliz$ nation1 ?is great triumph ( sci5ce w prove ! h>b+] ( peace1 good-w1 & fri5d%ip2 & t ,engl& & ,am]ica w n v]ify ! fir/ l9e ( ! /anza1 ,l&s int]sect$ by a n>r[ fir? ,abhor ea* o!r1 b t !y w1 by mutual int]c\rse1 arrive at ! la/ l9e ( t /anza1 & l k9dr$ drops1 be m+l$ into "o4 7,w>m applause47 ,,*apt] ,x ,,work+ ,,! ,,l9e ,te/s--,app>atus--,fir/ ,messages--,gradual ,fail+--,! ,la/ ,gasp--,eng9e]+ ,success--,electrical ,failure4 ,cont9uity ,te/s dur+ ,lay+4--,z previ\sly m5tion$1 two descriptions ( in/rum5ts 7 us$ on bo>d ! %ips = te/+ & work+ ?r\gh :ile lay+ ! cable4 ,^! 7 ! detector ( ,mr4 ,:iteh\se & ,pr(essor ,?omson's reflect+-app>atus4 ,! process ( te/+ consi/$ 9 s5d+ f "o to ! o!r vessel alt]nately1 dur+ a p]iod ( t5 m9utes1 fir/ a rev]sal e m9ute = five m9utes1 & !n a curr5t 9 "o direction = five m9utes4 ,! results ( ^! signals to te/ ! cont9uity ( ! l9e 7 obs]v$ & record$ on bo>d bo? %ips4 ,!re 0 also a special signal = ea* t5 miles ( cable paid out betwe5 ! vessels4 ,:5 ! splice 0 made on ,july #bi?1 #gb degrees deflection 7 obta9$ on ! ,agamemnon1 f sev5ty-five cells ( a sawdu/ 7,daniell's7 batt]y on bo>d ! ,niag>a1 :i* _h previ\sly giv5 #hc degrees4 ,on arrival at ,val5tia at #f4cj ,a4,m41 on ,augu/ #e?1 ! deflection on ! same in/rum5ts 7detector & m>9e galvanomet] be+ bo? 9 circuit z be=e7 0 #fh degrees1 :ile ! s5d+-batt]y p[] on ! ,niag>a _h fall5 (f at entry to #fb-a_/b degrees ?r\gh ! m>9e galvanomet] on bo>d t vessel4 ,^! figures %[ t ! insulation ( ! cable _h consid]ably improv$ by subm]sion1 & :5 ! eng9e]s _h accompli%$ _! "p ( ! und]tak+1 on ,augu/ #e?1 ! cable 0 h&$ ov] 9 p]fect condition to ,mr4 ,:iteh\se & 8 electrical assi/ant4 ,app>atus ,us$ 9 ,work+4--,un=tunately = ! life ( ! cable1 ,mr4 ,:iteh\se 0 imbu$ ) a belief t curr5ts ( v high int5sity1 or pot5tial1 7 ! be/ = signal+2 & he _h enorm\s induction-coils1 five feet long1 excit$ by a s]ies ( v l>ge cells1 yield+ electricity e/imat$ at ab\t #b1jjj volts pot5tial4 ,! insulation 0 unable to be> ! /ra91 & ?us ! signals began to gradually fail4#de ,= some?+ l a week ! ef=ts to "w ?r\gh ! cable ) ! above app>atus prov$ ineffectual1 ! p[] be+ con/antly increas$ to no purpose4 ,pr(essor ,?omson's reflect+ galvanomet]1 :i* _h work$ s well dur+ ! voyage1 0 !n us$ aga9 ) ord9>y ,daniell cells4 ,messages4--,9 ?is way communication 0 resum$1 ! fir/ cle> message be+ receiv$ f ,newf\ndl& on ,augu/ #ac1 #aheh1 &--aft] consid]able delay 9 gett+ ! ,am]ican receiv+-app>atus ready--on ! #af? ! foll[+ 0 got ?r\gh f ! directors 9 ,engl& to ^? 9 ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,europe & ,am]ica are unit$ by telegraphy4 ,glory to ,god 9 ! highe/1 on e>? peace1 good-w t[>d m56 ,!n foll[$3 ,f h] ,maje/y ! ,que5 ( ,great ,brita9 to 8 ,excell5cy ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 ,! ,que5 desires to congratulate ! ,presid5t ^u ! successful completion ( ?is great int]national "w1 9 :i* ! ,que5 has tak5 ! greate/ int]e/4 ,! ,que5 is conv9c$ t ! ,presid5t w jo9 ) h] 9 f]v5tly hop+ t ! electric cable1 :i* n[ already connects ,great ,brita9 ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 w prove an additional l9k betwe5 ! two nations1 ^: fri5d%ip is f\nd$ ^u _! common int]e/ & reciprocal e/eem4 ,! ,que5 has mu* pleasure 9 ?us directly communicat+ ) ! ,presid5t1 & 9 r5ew+ to him h] be/ wi%es = ! prosp]ity ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is message 0 %ortly aft]w>d respond$ to z foll[s3 ,,wa%+ton ,,city4 ,! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to h] ,maje/y ,victoria1 ,que5 ( ,great ,brita93 ,! ,presid5t cordially reciprocates ! congratulations ( h] ,maje/y ! ,que5 on ! success ( ! great int]national ent]prise accompli%$ by ! skill1 sci5ce1 & indomitable en]gy ( ! two c\ntries4 ,x is a triumph m glori\s1 because f> m useful to mank9d ?an 0 ev] won by a conqu]or on ! field ( battle4 ,may ! ,atlantic ,telegraph1 "u ! bless+ ( ,heav51 prove to be a bond ( p]petual peace & fri5d%ip betwe5 ! k9dr$ nations1 & an in/rum5t de/9$ by ,div9e ,provid5ce to diffuse religion1 civilization1 lib]ty1 & law ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,9 ?is view w n all ! nations ( ,*ri/5dom spontane\sly unite 9 ! decl>ation t x %all be =ev] neutral & t its communications %all be held sacr$ 9 pass+ to ! place ( _! de/9ation1 ev5 9 ! mid/ ( ho/ilities8 ,,james ,,bu*anan4 ,?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! arrival ( ! ,que5's message 0 ! signal = a fre% outbur/ ( popul> en?usiasm4 ,says ,field3 ,! next morn+1 ,augu/ #ag?1 ! city ( ,new ,york 0 awak5$ by ! ?und] ( artill]y4 ,a hundr$ guns 7 fir$ 9 ! ,city ,hall ,p>k at daybreak1 & ! salute 0 repeat$ at noon4 ,at ?is h\r flags 7 fly+ f all ! public build+s1 & ! bells ( ! pr9cipal *ur*es began to r+1 z ,*ri/mas bells signal ! bir?day ( ,"o :o came to br+ peace & good-w to m5--*imes t1 x 0 fondly hop$1 might u%] 91 z !y %\ld1 a new era4 ,r+ out ! old1 r+ 9 ! new1 ,r+ out ! false1 r+ 9 ! true4 ,t night ! city 0 illum9at$4 ,nev] _h x se5 s brilliant a spectacle4 ,su* 0 ! blaze ( light ar\nd ! ,city ,hall t ! cupola caught fire & 0 consum$1 & ! hall itself n>r[ly escap$ de/ruction4 ,b "o night did n exhau/ ! public en?usiasm1 = ! foll[+ ev5+ witness$ "o ( ^? displays = :i* ,new ,york surpasses all ! cities ( ! _w--a firem5's tor*light procession4 ,moreov]1 sev]al wagon-loads 7ea* conta9+ ab\t twelve miles7 ( ! cable left on bo>d ! ,niag>a 7 drawn ?r\gh ! pr9cipal /reets ( ! city4 ,simil> demon/rations took place 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,f ! ,atlantic to ! ,valley ( ! ,mississippi1 & to ! ,gulf ( ,mexico1 9 e city 0 he>d ! fir+ ( guns & ! r++ ( bells4 ,no?+ seem$ too extravagant to give expression to ! popul> rejoic+4 ,! ,engli% press 7 w>m 9 _! recognition ( ^? to :om ! nation 7 indebt$ = br++ into action ! greate/ inv5tion ( ! age1 express+ belief t ! effect ( br++ ! ?ree k+doms & ! ,unit$ ,/ates into in/antane\s communication ) ea* o!r w be to r5d] ho/ilities betwe5 ! two nations almo/ impossible = ! future4 ,& fur!r1 m 0 done ye/]day = ! consid]ation ( our empire ?an ! wisdom ( our /atesm51 ! lib]ality ( our legislature1 or ! loyalty ( our coloni/s c\ld ev] h effect$4#df ,! s]mons prea*$ on ! subject1 bo? 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 7 lit]ally )\t numb]4 ,en\gh f\nd _! way into pr9t to fill ov] "o volume4 ,nev] _h an ev5t m deeply t\*$ ! _s ( religi\s en?usiasm4 ,) fur!r ref]5ce to ! active life ( ! cable1 ! foll[+ communications h "s int]e/3 ,fir/ ( all ?ree long congratulatory messages 7 transmitt$1 "o on ,augu/ #ah? f ,mr4 ,pet] ,coop]1 presid5t ( ! ,new ,york1 ,newf\ndl&1 & ,london ,telegraph ,company1 to ! directors ( ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company2 ano!r f ! ,mayor ( ,new ,york to ! ,"l ,mayor ( ,london1 8 reply 9 ackn[l$gm5t foll[+4 ,!n two ( ! great ,cun>d mail-/eam]s1 ! ,europa & ,arabia1 _h come into collision on ,augu/ #ad?4 ,nei!r ! news nor ! injur$ vessels c\ld rea* ^? conc]n$ on ei!r side ( ! ,atlantic = "s days2 b z soon z x became kn[n 9 ,new ,york a message 0 s5t by ! cable1 a facsimile ( ! orig9al ( :i* is %[n on p4 #aej4 ,?is fir/ public news message %[$ ! relief giv5 by spe$y k 9 dispell+ d\bt & fe>4 ,subsequ5tly messages giv+ ! news on bo? cont95ts 7 transmitt$ & publi%$ daily4 ,among o!rs1 on ,augu/ #bg?1 a despat* 0 s5t by ! secret>y ( ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company t 0 rem>kable = ! am\nt ( important in=mation conta9$ 9 comp>atively few words4 ,x read z foll[s3 ,to ,associat$ ,press1 ,new ,york4--,news = ,am]ica by ,atlantic cable3--,emp]or ( ,france return$ to ,p>is1 ,saturday4 ,k+ ( ,prussia too ill to visit ,que5 ,victoria4 ,h] ,maje/y returns to ,engl&1 ,augu/ #cj?4 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,augu/ #ba/--,settlem5t ( ,*9ese ,"q3 ,*9ese ,empire op5$ to trade2 ,*ri/ian religion all[$2 =eign diplomatic ag5ts admitt$2 indemnity to ,engl& & ,france4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4--;,facsimile ( ! ,fir/ ,public ,news ,message ,receiv$ ?r\gh ! ,atlantic ,cable4 ,alex&ria1 ,augu/ #i?4--,! ,madras arriv$ at ,suez #g? in/4 ,dates ,bombay to ! #ai?1 ,ad5 #ca/4 ,gwalior insurg5t army brok5 up4 ,all ,india becom+ tranquil4 ,! above 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,am]ican pap]s ! same day4 ,fur!r1 z exemplify+ ! aid ! cable af=d$ to ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 m5tion may be made ( two messages s5t f ! comm&]-9-*ief at ! ,horse ,gu>ds1 on ,augu/ #ca/4 ,foll[+ ! quell+ ( ! ,indian mut9y1 !y 7 despat*$ = ! purpose ( cancel+ previ\s ord]s :i* _h already gone by mail to ,canada4 ,! fir/1 to ,g5]al ,trollope1 ,halifax1 ran z foll[s3 ,! ,sixty-second ,regim5t is n to return to ,engl&4 ,! o!r1 to ! (fic] 9 comm& at ,montreal3 ,! ,?irty-n9? ,regim5t is n to return to ,engl&4 ,f #ej1jjj to #fj1jjj 0 e/imat$ by ! au?orities to h be5 sav$1 9 ! unnecess>y transportation ( troops1 by ^! two cable communications4 ,b ! insulation ( ! preci\s wire _h1 unhappily1 be5 giv+ way4 ,! high-pot5tial curr5ts f ,mr4 ,:iteh\se's enorm\s induction-coils 7 too mu* = x2 & ! dim9i%$ fla%es ( light prov$ to be only ! flick]+ ( ! flame t 0 soon to be ext+ui%$ 9 ! ext]nal d>kness ( ! wat]s4 ,aft] a p]iod ( confus$ signals1 ! l9e ultimately brea!d its la/ on ,octob] #bj?1 aft] #gcb messages 9 all _h be5 convey$ dur+ a p]iod ( ?ree mon?s4#dg ,! la/ ^w utt]$--& :i* may be said to h come f beyond ! sea--0 =w>d4 ,! l9e _h be5 subject to frequ5t int]ruptions ?r\gh\t4 ,! wond] is t x did s mu*1 :5 we consid] ! lack ( exp]i5ce at t p]iod 9 ! manufacture ( deep-sea cables1 ! %ort "t all[$1 &1 m ?an all1 ! treatm5t receiv$ aft] be+ laid4 ,x is1 inde$1 extremely d\btful :e!r any cable1 ev5 ( ! pres5t day1 w\ld long /& a trial ) curr5ts s g5]at$1 & ( su* int5sity4#dh ,an unusually viol5t lightn+-/orm occurr$ at ,newf\ndl& %ortly aft] ! cable _h be5 laid4 ,?is 0 consid]$ a "p cause ( ! actual failure ( ! l9e4 ,:5 all ! ef=ts ( ! electricians fail$ to draw m ?an a few fa9t :isp]s--a dy+ gasp f ! dep?s ( ! sea--!re ensu$1 9 ! public m9d1 a feel+ ( pr(\nd disc\ragem5t4 ,b :at a bitt] disappo9tm5t = ^? (ficially conc]n$ 9 ! ent]prise6 ,9 all ! exp]i5ce ( life !re are no sadd] mom5ts ?an ^? 9 :i*1 aft] mu* anxi\s toil 9 /riv+ = a great object1 & aft] a glori\s triumph1 ! a*ievem5t t seem$ complete becomes a wreck4 ,eng9e]+ ,demon/ration4--,/ill ! eng9e] ( ?is great und]tak+ _h ! satisfaction ( kn[+ t he _h demon/rat$ 7#a7 ! possibility ( lay+ ov] #b1jjj miles ( cable 9 "o cont9u\s l5g? across a by no means calm ocean at dep?s ( two to ?ree miles2 & 7#b7 t1 by ! ag5cy ( an electric curr5t1 di/9ct & regul> signals c\ld be transmitt$ & receiv$ ?r\gh\t an insulat$ conductor1 ev5 :5 at su* a dep? b5ea? ! sea1 across ?is va/ di/ance4 ,! feasibility ( ei!r ( ^! _h be5 sc\t$ at on all sides4#di ,( c\rse ! gutta-p]*a cov]+s z !n appli$ c n be comp>$ ) ! me?ods & mat]ials ( lat] days1 ?\gh a great advance on t ( previ\s cables4 ,x 0 a pity t--ow+ to ! precipitation ) :i* ! und]tak+ 0 ru%$ ?r\gh1 & ! fe> ( failure = want ( capital--m "t 0 n giv5 to ! consid]ation ( ,bright's recomm5dation = a conductor f\r times l>g]1 ) a correspond+ increase 9 ! gutta-p]*a insulator4 ,"u su* conditions1 x is highly improbable t high pot5tials w\ld h ev] be5 appli$ to ! l9e4 ,unhappily--besides ,f>aday & ,:iteh\se--,pr(essor ,morse 7:5 advis+ ! ,bo>d 9 ?is matt]7 promulgat$ views directly oppos$ to ! above1 z has already be5 %[n4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 report ,morse _h said3 ,t by ! use ( comp>atively small-coat$ wires1 & ( electro-magnetic induction-coils = ! excit+-magnets1 telegraphic signals c be transmitt$ ?r\gh two ?\s& miles1 ) a spe$ amply suffici5t = all comm]cial & economical purposes4 ,/ill ! cable1 inadequately con/ruct$ z x 0 f an electrical po9t ( view1 w\ld probably h work$ = ye>s--?\gh sl[ly1 ( c\rse--_h ! fairly reasonable batt]y-p[] employ$ betwe5 ! %ips & up to ! successful t]m9ation ( ! exp$itions be5 cont9u$ 9 connection ) ,pr(essor ,?omson's delicate reflect+-app>atus4 ,! electrician1 h[ev]1 n only us$ mu* high] p[] imm$iately he took ! cable 9 h&--= work+ 8 specially devis$ relay & ,morse electromagnetic record+-in/rum5t 9 connection ) 8 enorm\s induction-coils--b actually increas$ ! p[] f "t to "t up to ne>ly #ejj cells1 till ! five-foot coils yield$ a curr5t urg$ by a pot5tial ( some?+ l #b1jjj volts4 ,h5ce1 :5 signal+ 0 resum$1 z %[n by ! comp>atively mild voltaic curr5ts1 = actuat+ ! ,?omson app>atus1 a fault 7or faults7 _h be5 already develop$1 necessitat+ a f> high] batt]y-p[] ?an _h be5 employ$ dur+ ! cont9u\s communication betwe5 ! %ips :ile pay+ out4 ,! w\nds op5$ f>!r "u ! v>i\s /imulat+ doses2 ! insulation 0 unable to be> ! /ra91 & ! circulation gradually ceas$ ?r\gh a cable already 9 a /ate ( dissolution4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,! ,,inque/ ,exp]t ,trials--,exp]t ,evid5ce ,! great hi/orical sea-l9e hav+ collaps$1 "s ( ! =emo/ ( ! electrical pr(ession 7 call$ 9--fir/ to det]m9e ! nature ( ! int]ruption ) a view to possible rem$y1 next to elicit ! cause4 ,exp]t ,op9ions on ! ,failure4--,mr4 ,cromwell ,fleetwood ,v>ley1 ! electrician to ! ,electric ,telegraph ,company1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,b4 ,bright1 ! *ief ( ! ,magnetic ,company2 & ,mr4 ,w4 ,t4 ,h5ley1 ! well-kn[n telegraph inv5tor1 7 sev]ally reque/$ by ! ,atlantic ,company to report on ! subject 9 conjunction ) ,sir ,*>les ,bright & ,pr(essor ,?omson4 ,fir/ ( all ! dead l9e 0 subject$ to a s]ies ( te/s4 ,= ?is1 resi/ance-coils & ,messrs4 ,bright's app>atus = asc]ta9+ ! position ( a fault 7 employ$4 ,!re 0 e evid5ce ( a s]i\s electrical leakage ab\t #cjj miles f ,val5tia1 b !re did n appe> to be any fracture 9 ! conductor1 z exce$+ly weak curr5ts /ill came ?r\gh fitfully4 ,accord+ to ! above location1 ! ma9 leak ?r\gh ! gutta-p]*a envelope 0 9 wat] ( a dep? ( ab\t two miles4 ,at t "t means 7 n devis$ = grappl+ & lift+ a cable f su* dep?s4 ,b f indep5d5t te/s by ,?omson & ,bright1 x appe>$ likely t ! ,val5tia %ore end 0 also especially faulty4 ,accord+ly1 x 0 und]run f ! catam>an-raft 7previ\sly us$ 9 #aheg7 = "s ?ree miles1 b1 on be+ cut at ! f>!/ po9t at :i* x 0 f\nd possible to raise ! cable1 ! fault /ill appe>$ on ! seaw>d side4 ,! idea ( repairs _h1 !re=e1 to be ab&on$1 & ! cable 0 splic$ up aga94 ,! conductor be+ aga9 intact1 ef=ts 7 made to r5ew signals ) ! curb-key rec5tly inv5t$ by ,messrs4 ,bright4 ,by means ( ?is1 curr5ts ( opposite "* 7 transmitt$ s t ea* signal+ curr5t 0 foll[$ in/antly by "o ( opposite pol>ity1 :i* neutraliz$1 by a proportionate /r5g? & duration1 all t rema9$ ( its pr$ecessor4 ,?\gh ?is 0 ! "r pr9ciple on :i* to "w1 ! pati5t 0 too f> gone1 & all ef=ts prov$ unavail+2 = signal+ purposes ! poor cable 0 defunct4 ,hav+ dealt ) ! nature ( ! int]ruption1 we n[ come to ! cause4 ,x 0 fir/ ( all abundantly cle> f ! /ation-di>ies kept by ! electricians at ,val5tia & ,newf\ndl&1 & by o!r irrefragable evid5ce1 t :5 ! lay+ 0 complet$1 & ! cable ends 7 h&$ ov] to !m f ! %ips on ,augu/ #e?1 all 0 9 good work+ ord]4 ,! au?orities 7 unanim\s 9 _! op9ion4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,f4 ,v>ley decl>$ t _h a m mod]ate p[] be5 us$1 ! cable w\ld /ill h be5 capable ( transmitt+ messages4 ,9 giv+ extra =ce to ! above op9ion1 ,mr4 ,v>ley describ$ an exp]im5t he _h made on ! cable 9 conjunction ) ,mr4 ,e4 ,b4 ,bright3 ,we atta*$ to ! cable a piece ( gutta-p]*a-cov]$ wire1 hav+ fir/ made a slight incision1 by a ne$le-prick1 9 ! gutta-p]*a to let ! wat] rea* ! conductor4 ,! wire 0 !n b5t1 s z to close up ! defect4 ,! defective wire 0 !n plac$ 9 a j> ( sea-wat]1 & ! latt] connect$ ) ! e>?4 ,aft] a few mom5t>y signals _h be5 s5t f ! five-foot induction-coils into ! cable1 &1 consequ5tly into ! te/-wire1 ! int5se curr5t bur/ ?r\gh ! excessively m9ute p]=ation1 rapidly burn+ a hole ne>ly "o-t5? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 aft]w>d increas$ to half an in* 9 l5g? :5 pass+ ! curr5t ?r\gh ! faulty bran* only4 ,! burn$ gutta-p]*a !n came float+ up to ! surface ( ! wat]1 :ile ! j> 0 "o complete gl[ ( light4 ,pr(essor ,hughes1 ! inv5tor ( ! type-pr9t+ telegraph1 &1 subsequ5tly1 ( ! microphone1 consid]$ t ! cable 0 injur$ by ! induction-coils1 & t ! int5se curr5ts develop$ by !m 7 /rong en\gh to bur/ ?r\gh gutta-p]*a4 ,pr(essor ,:eat/one gave a simil> op9ion4 ,"s "o inquir$ ( ! electrician :e!r1 if any "o t\*$ ! cable at ! "t :5 ! curr5t 0 dis*>g$ f ! induction-coil1 he w\ld receive a %ock suffici5tly /rong to cause him to fa9t4 ,x 0 admitt$ 9 reply t ^? :o t\*$ ! b>e wire w\ld suff] = _! c>elessness1 ?\gh n if discretion be ex]cis$ by grasp+ ! gutta-p]*a only4 ,! *airman ( ! company 7! ,"r ,honorable ,j4 ,/u>t ,wortley1 ,m4,p471 9 ! c\rse ( a deputation to ,"l ,palm]/on lat] on1 /at$ t f> too high *>ges ( electricity 7 =c$ into ! conductor4 ,x 0 evid5tly ?\ght at t "t by c]ta9 electricians t y c\ld n *>ge a cable ( ?is sort too highly4 ,?us !y proce$$ some:at l ! man :o bores a hole ) a pok] 9 a deal bo>d2 he gets ! hole1 to be sure1 b ! bo>d is burn$ 9 ! op]ation4 ,pr(essor ,?omson 7n[ ,"l ,kelv971 writ+ 9 #ahfj1 express$ ! foll[+ op9ion3 ,x is q c]ta9 t1 ) a prop]ly adju/$ mirror-galvanomet] z receiv+-in/rum5t at ea* end1 tw5ty cells ( ,daniell's batt]y w\ld h done ! "w requir$1 & at ev5 a high] spe$ if work$ by a key devis$ = dim9i%+ inductive emb>rassm5t2 & ! writ]--) ! k d]iv$ f disa/r\s exp]i5ce--has n[ little d\bt b t1 if su* _h be5 ! arrangem5t f ! beg9n+1 if no induction-coils & no batt]y-p[] exce$+ tw5ty ,daniell cells _h ev] be5 appli$ to ! cable s9ce ! l&+ ( its ends1 imp]fect z x !n 01 x w\ld be n[ 9 full "w day & night1 ) no prospect or probability ( failure4#ej ,summ+ up ! cause ( ! untimely end+ to ! ill-us$ cable1 p]haps ! concise/ v]dict w\ld be1 9 me*anical-eng9e]+ p>lance1 t high-pressure /eam _h be5 got up 9 a l[-pressure boil]4 ,,"p ,,iii ,,int]m$iate ,,k ,,& ,,advance ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,o!r ,,propos$ ,,r\tes ,nor? ,atlantic ,telegraph ,project--,explor+ ,exp$ition--,ice ,tr\bles--,s\? ,atlantic ,telegraph ,project4 ,! gradual failure ( ! #aheh cable aft] a %ort p]iod ( work+1 & ! sl[ rate at :i* messages 7 capable ( be+ transmitt$1 naturally det]r$ capitali/s f provid+ ! means = ano!r cable ( su* l5g? 9 deep wat]4 ,sev]al s*emes1 h[ev]1 = a fre% l9e on o!r r\tes 7 br\ght =w>d2 & !re 0 an alt]native r\te betwe5 ,great ,brita9 & ,am]ica by :i* ! transmission ( ! electric curr5t c\ld be subdivid$ into f\r comp>atively %ort sections4 ,?is 0 kn[n 9 #ahfj z ! ,nor? ,atlantic ,telegraph project1 9 :i* ! r\te 0 f ! extreme nor? ( ,scotl& to ! ,f>oe ,isl&s1 !nce to ,icel&2 f !re to ! s\!rn po9t ( ,gre5l&1 & s on to ,labrador or ,newf\ndl&4 ,! di/ances 7 7v>y+ a little accord+ to l&+-places select$7 approximately3 ,miles ,f ! nor? ( ,scotl& to ,f>oe ,isl&s #bbe ,f ! ,f>oe ,isl&s to ,icel& #bhj ,f ,icel& to ,gre5l&1 ,s4 ,w4 ,h>bor #gjj ,f ,gre5l& to ,labrador #eej ---- ,total #agee ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4--,! ,nor? ,atlantic ,telegraph ,project1 #ahfj4 ,f ! electrician's po9t ( view1 ^! subdivisions 7 extremely favorable z comp>$ ) ! long cont9u\s l5g? entail$ by an ,atlantic cable betwe5 ,irel& & ,newf\ndl&4 ,!n1 aga91 ! s\nd+s 7except = a section betwe5 ,gre5l& & ,labrador7 did n yield any?+ approa*+ ! m s\!rn dep?s4 ,b aga9/ ^! obvi\s advantages !re 0 ! eng9e]+ objection--:i* at fir/ seem$ insurm\ntable--t ! ,gre5l& coa/ 0 b\nd up by ice = a great "p ( ! ye>1 9 addition to ! risk ( injury to ! cable f ! gr\nd+ ( iceb]gs4 ,?is latt] 0 ( less mom5t1 = x c\ld be provid$ aga9/ by keep+ ! cable :5 approa*+ %ore 9 ! middle ( any inlet1 & ?us away f ! %all[ sides :]e ! iceb]gs gr\nd4 ,!re 0 also ! probable difficulty ( obta9+ a tra9$ /aff to "w a l9e :5 laid to su* inhospitable regions4 ,h[ev]1 hav+ reg>d to ! anxiety exhibit$ by _m to get to ! ,nor? ,pole1 ?is did n pres5t an insup]able ob/acle4 ,?is bold project1 ) a r\te across ! colde/ & icie/ regions ( ! ,atlantic1 0 orig9ally br\ght to ! notice ( ! ,dani% ,gov]nm5t by ,mr4 ,wyld1 ! geograph]1 ev5 be=e ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company _h be5 e/abli%$4 ,x 0 aga9 introduc$ 9 a diff]5t =m by ,colonel ,t4 ,p4 ,%affn]1 an ,am]ican electrician ( "s note4 ,colonel ,%affn] made a /rong case ( ! s]ies ( %ort /ages geographically af=d$ by ! ,nor? ,atlantic deviation4 ,aft] ! #aheh cable _h ceas$ work+1 to back up 8 belief 9 ! advantages ( ! r\te1 :i* he *>act]iz$ z hav+ natural /epp+-/ones :i* ,provid5ce _h plac$ across ! ocean 9 ! nor?1 he actually *>t]$ a small sail+ vessel1 &1 ) 8 family on bo>d1 put =? f ,bo/on on ,augu/ #bi?1 #ahei1 = ! purpose ( mak+ ! prelim9>y survey4 ,he l&$ 9 ,glasg[ 9 ,novemb] ( t ye>1 & pres5t$ to ! public ! results ( 8 voyage4 ,dur+ ! voyage1 ,colonel ,%affn] s\nd$ ! deep seas to be trav]s$ betwe5 ,labrador & ,gre5l& & betwe5 ,gre5l& & ,icel&4 ,8 fir/ object 0 to conv9ce ! public t !re 7 no insup]able difficulties 9 ! way4 ,he f\nd a w>m support] 9 ,mr4 ,j4 ,rodney ,croskey1 ( ,london1 :o advanc$ ! caution money to ! ,dani% ,gov]nm5t = ! concessions requisite 9 ! ,f>oes1 ,icel&1 & ,gre5l&4#ea ,on ,may #ae?1 ,"l ,palm]/on grant$ an audi5ce to an influ5tial deputation1 head$ by ! ,"r ,honorable ,miln] ,gibson1 ,m4,p41 & f\r o!r memb]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 to solicit ! assi/ance ( ,gov]nm5t 9 s5d+ out %ips & (fic]s to make ! necess>y (ficial survey = asc]ta9+ ! practicability ( ! propos$ r\te4 ,! ,premi] appe>$ fully to appreciate ! advantages ( ! nor?-ab\t s*eme1 & 9 a v %ort "t ! ,admiralty 7 direct$ to s5d out an exp$ition = ! purpose ( mak+ ! requir$ survey4 ,! ,admiralty select$ = ?is duty ,capta9 ,m',cl9tock1 ,r4 ,n41#eb an (fic] ( great exp]i5ce 9 ! navigation ( ! ,arctic seas1 & ,h4,m4,s4 ,bulldog 0 plac$ "u 8 comm&4 ,?is di/+ui%$ (fic] 0 direct$ to take ! deep-sea s\nd+s1 & he sail$ f ,portsm\? on 8 mission 9 ,june1 #ahfj4 ,9 ! meantime1 ! promot]s ( ! ent]prise pur*as$ ! ,fox1 ! /eam-ya*t =m]ly employ$ 9 ! successful se>* = ! rema9s ( ! ,frankl9 exp$ition1 & fitt$ h] out = ! purpose ( mak+ surveys ( ! l&+-places ( ! respective cables4 ,! ,fox 0 plac$ "u ! comm& ( ,capta9 ,"y1#ec ( ! m]cantile m>9e1 an (fic] well kn[n = 8 di/+ui%$ labors "u ,m',cl9tock 9 ! ,frankl9 se>*4 ,at ! same "t1 ,dr4 ,john ,rae1 ,f4,r4,g4,s41 an intrepid ,arctic explor]1 volunte]$ 8 s]vices to jo9 ! ,fox1 & take *>ge ( ! ov]l& exp$itions 9 ! ,f>oe ,isles1 ,icel&1 & ,gre5l&4 ,colonel ,%affn]1 z concessionaire--besides two delegates on ! "p ( ! ,dani% ,gov]nm5t1 ,lieut5ant von ,zeilau & ,arnljot ,olafsson--also accompani$ ! ,fox exp$ition1 to take "p 9 ! necess>y surveys4 ,be=e ! dep>ture ( ! ,fox1 :i* sail$ on ,july #ah1 #ahfj1 h] ,maje/y ,que5 ,victoria1 ! ,pr9ce ,consort1 & o!r memb]s ( ! royal family1 honor$ ! ent]prise by a visit to t vessel1 :ile ly+ (f ,osborne1 & %[$ a lively int]e/ 9 ! details ( ! exp$ition4 ,on ! return ( ! exp$ition1 ,sir ,leopold ,m',cl9tock wrote a full report to ,sir ,*>les ,bright1 ! consult+ eng9e] ( ! project4 ,9 ?is1 ,sir ,leopold favor$ ! r\te z p]fectly practicable1 po9t+ out t ! ice w\ld n really prove a difficulty1 & /rongly approv+ ( ! orig9al int5tion ( a l&-l9e across ,icel& to ,faxe ,bay1 z by s do+ y w avoid ! only "p ( ! sea :]e subm>9e volcanic di/urbances may be suspect$4 ,! results ( ! voyages ( ,h4,m4,s4 ,bulldog & ! /eam-ya*t ,fox 7 br\ght be=e a cr[d$ meet+ ( ! ,royal ,geographical ,society on ,janu>y #bh1 #ahfa4 ,sir ,leopold ,m',cl9tock !n gave ! fir/ public acc\nt ( 8 num]\s & c>eful s\nd+s along1 & 9 ! vic9ity (1 ! propos$ c\rse ( ! cable1 int]sp]s$ ) _m useful rem>ks & h9ts z to ice1 ! be/ "t = lay+ ! l9e1 etc41 z well z ! probable sph]e ( volcanic action 9 & (f ! s\? ( ,icel&4 ,! above 0 foll[$ by an exhau/ive pap] by ,sir ,*>les ,bright1 giv+ a synopsis ( ,capta9 ,"y's report on 8 voyage 9 ! ,fox1 includ+ ! exam9ation ( v>i\s e/u>ies & h>bors1 s z to enable a decision to be arriv$ at z to ! be/ l&+-places1 ! climatic conditions1 etc4 ,f bo? sets ( s\nd+s x 0 %[n t1 z a rule1 ! bottom 0 ( ooze4 ,dr4 ,walli*1 ! naturali/ ( ! exp$ition1 _h br\ght up brightly color$ />fi% f dep?s ( ov] a mile1 :]eas x _h previ\sly be5 believ$ t no?+ c\ld possibly live "u su* an enorm\s pressure ( wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4--,! ,nor? ,atlantic ,explor+ ,exp$ition1 #ahfj4 ,!n came a highly in/ructive pap] by ,dr4 ,rae4 ,he gave a numb] ( int]e/+ p>ticul>s ( 8 l& surveys1 ! population1 price ( food1 wages1 etc4 ,he also describ$ ! ride ( ! ,fox p>ty across ,icel&1 :ile mak+ important sugge/ions z to ! r\te = ! l&-l9e ) a view to avoid+ ! geys]s4 ,capta9 ,r4 ,b4 ,bee*ey1 ,r4,n41 aft]w>d made a beautiful oil-pa9t+ ( ! p>ty1 includ+ "s ( ! ,eskimos on ! occasion ( l&+ to explore ! inl& ice at ,igaliko ,fiord 7see ,fig4 #cc74ed ,at ?is "t1 h[ev] 7#ahfa71 !re 0 /ill too mu* disc\ragem5t ow+ to ! /oppage 9 work+ ( ! fir/ ,atlantic cable1 & to o!r causes ) :i* we are ab\t to deal4 ,moreov]1 !re 7 ^? :o /ill fe>$ ! ice-floes2 & 9 ! end ! public did n respond suffici5tly4 ,?us1 aft] all1 ! ,gr& ,nor? ,atlantic ,telegraph project1 :i* _h be5 work$ out ) s mu* tr\ble & exp5se1 0 nev] actually realiz$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ano!r s*eme :i* attract$ "s att5tion ab\t ! same "t 0 describ$ z ! ,s\? ,atlantic ,telegraph4 ,?is 0 = a long l5g? ( cable betwe5 ! s\? ( ,spa9 & ! coa/ ( ,brazil1 t\*+ at ,madeira1 ! ,can>y ,isl&s1 ,cape de ,v]de ,isles1 ,don ,p$ro1 & ,f]n&o de ,noronha ,isles on ! way1 & /ret*+ out to ! ,we/ ,indies & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!n !re 0 a project = a cable on an int]m$iate r\te f ,portugal to ! ,azores1 & !nce to ,am]ica1 via ,b]muda & ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4 ,be+1 h[ev]1 to a great ext5t =eign 9 _! scope1 ^! latt] s*emes f\nd little favor 9 ?is c\ntry at ! "t4 ,!y h1 h[ev]1 s9ce be5 realiz$ 9 "s %ape or =m4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,exp]i5ce1 ,,inve/igation1 ,,& ,,progress ,! ,r$ ,sea ,l9e--,gov]nm5t ,inquiry--,electrical ,/&>ds & ,units--,fur!r ,cables--,improvem5ts 9 ,manufacture1 ,te/+1 & ,work+--,completion ( ,pione] ,/age4 ,! ,r$ ,sea ,l9e4--,mr4 ,lionel ,gisborne _h obta9$ p[]s f ! ,turki% ,gov]nm5t to c>ry a telegraph-l9e across ,egypt & lay a cable d[n ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,! importance ( ?is l9e to ,great ,brita9 l$ ! ,gov]nm5t to give def9ite assi/ance4 ,! fir/ portion ( ! propos$ cable--f ,suez to ,ad51 ) int]m$iate l&+s--0 laid 9 #ahei4 ,! diff]5t sections broke d[n "o by "o4 ,!y 7 all laid v taut1 ! slack 9 "s cases be+ less ?an "o p] c5t1 ?\gh ! bottom 0 9 c]ta9 p>ts v unev54 ,! second portion ( ! l9e1 f ,ad5 to ,kurra*ee1 ) int]m$iate /ations1 0 laid dur+ #ahfj1 ! slack work+ out at #j4a p] c5t only4 ,faults develop$ v quickly 9 all ! sections ( bo? portions ( ! l9e4 ,ap>t f ! small all[ance = slack1 ! type ( cable adopt$ 0 ( f> too fragile a nature = "s ( its r\gh1 reef-l re/+-spots2 inde$1 ! und]tak+ 0 spok5 ( z l runn+ a donkey = ! ,leg]6 ,! promot]s ( ?is ent]prise1 hav+ nei!r specially qualifi$ m5 nor ! necess>y mat]ials = c>ry+ out repairs1 7 oblig$ to ab&on x be=e any comm]cial "w _h be5 effect$4 ,?is 0 a mo/ un=tunate l9e 9 e way1 = a complete message 0 nev] got ?r\gh ! entire l5g?1 b only ?r\gh ea* section sep>ately4 ,nev]!less1 until q rec5tly1 x co/ ,great ,brita9 #cf1jjj p] annum4 ,inquiry on ! ,con/ruction ( ,subm>9e ,telegraphs4--,ar\s$ m especially by ! above failure1 ! ,gov]nm5t1 9 #ahei1 be=e und]tak+ fur!r responsibility1 resolv$ to ?or\ghly inve/igate ! con/ruction ( cables4 ,x 0 also felt t ! ultimate failure ( ! ,atlantic l9e 0 possibly due1 9 "p1 to weak jo9ts & g5]al defects 9 ! manufacture ( ! insulat+ envelope4 ,?is committee--"u ! direction ( ! ,bo>d ( ,trade1 ) ,capta91 aft]w>d ,sir ,d\glas1 ,galton1 ,r4,e41 9 ! *air--devot$ tw5ty-two sitt+s 7cov]+ a consid]able p]iod ( "t7 to que/ion+ eng9e]s1 electricians1 pr(essors1 physici/s1 manufactur]s1 & seam51 :o _h tak5 "p 9 ! v>i\s bran*es ( cable-"w & ^: k or exp]i5ce might ?r[ light on ! subject4 ,inve/igations 7 in/itut$ conc]n+ ! /ructure ( all cables previ\sly made1 & ! quality ( ! diff]5t mat]ials us$1 z to special po9ts aris+ dur+ manufacture & lay+1 on ! r\tes tak51 electrical te/+1 & on s5d+ & receiv+ in/rum5ts1 spe$ ( signal+1 etc4 ,actual exp]im5ts 7 also made 9 connection ) ?is inquiry1 to asc]ta9 7#a7 ! electrical & me*anical qualities ( copp]1 pure & alloy$2 also ( gutta-p]*a & o!r insulat+ sub/ances2 7#b7 ! *emical *ange 9 _! condition :5 subm]g$2 7#c7 ! effects ( temp]ature & pressure on ! insulat+ sub/ances employ$2 7#d7 ! elongation & break+ /ra9 ( copp] wires2 ( iron1 /eel1 & t>r$ hemp sep>ately & comb9$2 7#e7 ! ph5om5a connect$ ) electrically *>g+ & dis*>g+ conductors2 7#f7 me?ods ( te/+ conductors & ( locat+ faults2 besides ! :ole sci5ce & practise ( cable-mak+ & lay+4 ,! report ( ! committee 0 n publi%$ till "s "t aft]w>d4 ,x express$ a conviction t subm>9e telegraphy might be made sure & remun]ative 9 ! future1 bas$ on ! evid5ce adduc$ reg>d+ ! prop] manufacture & work+ ( subm>9e telegraphs4 ,=mulation ( ,electrical ,/&>ds & ,units4--,?is inquiry 0 %ortly foll[$ by an important pap] be=e ! ,briti% ,association = ! advancem5t ( sci5ce by ,sir ,*>les ,bright & ,mr4 ,latim] ,cl>k 7!n 9 p>tn]%ip71 :i* put ! practise ( electrical te/+ on a sy/ematic basis1 !reby consid]ably =w>d+ all electrical "w connect$ ) subm>9e telegraphy4 ,a committee 0 =m$ %ortly aft]w>d1 :i* gave ! sugge/ions !n br\ght =w>d ! seal ( univ]sal (ficialdom4 ,fur!r ,cables4--,ab\t ?is "t a numb] ( o!r cable ent]prises 7 set afoot1 "s 9 %all[ wat] & o!rs 9 comp>atively great dep?s4 ,?\gh few ( !m 7 able to b5efit by ! in=mation obta9$ 9 ! inquiry1 !y 71 9 ! ma91 m or less successful4 ,^! projects includ$ cables betwe5 ,malta & ,alex&ria1 besides o!rs 9 ! ,m$it]ranean & else:]e4 ,sir ,*>les ,bright1 ,mr4 7aft]w>d ,sir ,c4 ,w47 ,siem5s1 ,mr4 ,lionel ,gisborne1 & ,mr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,=de 7 ma9ly associat$ ) !m z eng9e]s & electricians4 ,! l9e :i* met1 h[ev]1 ) ! mo/ complete & la/+ success 0 ! fir/ cable to ,india1 laid 7by ,sir ,*>les ,bright7 9 sev]al sections along ! ,p]sian ,gulf 9 #ahfc-'fd4 ,9 ?is und]tak+ ,messrs4 ,bright ,cl>k 7eng9e]s to ! ,gov]nm5t7 introduc$ a complete sy/em ( electrical & me*anical te/+4 ,e jo9t 01 = ! fir/ "t1 effici5tly te/$1 & ! insulat$ core submitt$ to a hydraulic pressure repres5tative ( t :i* x w\ld exp]i5ce :5 laid4#ee ,a =mula 0 also arriv$ at by an elaborate s]ies ( exp]im5ts = ! effect ( temp]ature on ! insulation1 :i* %[$ h[ enorm\sly ! resi/ance ( gutta-p]*a increas$ by consolidation :5 submitt$ to ! l[ temp]atures ( ! bottom ( ! ocean4 ,*att]ton's comp\nd _h be5 already introduc$ = adh]+ ! gutta-p]*a envelope to ! wires1 z well z = cem5t+ toge!r ! diff]5t insulat+ coats2 b ,bright ,cl>k's pres]vative composition = ! iron armor 0 fir/ us$ 9 ?is ent]prise4 ,?is mixture n only evades ! oxidation t iron wires1 ev5 :5 galvaniz$1 are subject to1 b resi/s ! attacks ( ! t]$o & o!r objectionable animal life4 ,moreov]1 besides ! type ( cable be+ em95tly suitable1 ! manufacture 0 c>ri$ out ) extreme c>e & ) all ! advantage ( exp]i5ce & improv$ me?ods4#ef ,completion ( ,pione] ,/age4--,) ! successful t]m9ation ( ! above ent]prise1 =m+ ! fir/ telegraphic connection betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 ,europe1 & ,india1 ! sci5ce ( con/ruct+ & lay+ subm>9e telegraphs 0 pretty def9itely work$ out1 & no v /rik+ dep>ture has s9ce be5 introduc$4 ,! pione] /age may1 inde$1 at ?is juncture1 be said to h rea*$ completion4 ,= ?is reason ! re/ ( our n>rative on ! ,atlantic cable w be told m briefly--?\gh at great] l5g? ?an ! cont5ts ( ?is *apt]1 rec\nt+ only ! /epp+-/ones to :at 0 to foll[4 ,,"p ,,iv ,,comm]cial ,,success ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,! #ahfe ,,cable ,,& ,,exp$ition ,fre% ,ef=ts & ,funds--,! ,contractors' ,%>e--,design & ,con/ruction--,provisions = ,lay+--,s4,s4 ,great ,ea/]n--,sail+ ,/aff--,l&+ ! ,iri% ,end--,ano!r ,bad ,/>t4 ,fre% ,ef=ts & ,funds4--,?\gh _! cable _h ceas$ to "w1 ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company 0 kept alive by ! promot]s4 ,9 #ahfb ! ,gov]nm5t 0 prevail$ on to despat* ,h4,m4,s4 ,porcup9e to fur!r exam9e ! ocean floor #cjj miles out f ! coa/s ( ,irel& & ,newf\ndl&1 respectively4 ,x took a consid]able "t to raise ! full am\nt ( capital requir$ = ano!r ,atlantic cable1 = ?is c\ld only be done gradually4 ,! great civil w> 9 ,am]ica /imulat$ capitali/s to r5ew ! und]tak+4 ,"o ( ! ma9 advantages adduc$ 01 on ?is occasion z be=e1 ! avoidance ( misund]/&+s betwe5 ! two c\ntries4 ,ano!r--int5d$ by ,mr4 ,cyrus ,field z a special inducem5t to 8 fell[ c\ntrym5--0 ! improvem5t ( ! agricultural position ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 by ext5d+ to x ! facilities already enjoy$ by ,france ( comm&+ ! =eign gra9-m>kets4#eg ,on ?is acc\nt ! project 0 w>mly support$ by ,john ,bright & o!r em95t free-trad]s4 ,mr4 ,field1 h[ev]1 met ) z little success 9 obta9+ pecuni>y support 9 ! ,/ates z he _h 9 connection ) ! previ\s l9e4 ,8 bro!r1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,m4 ,field1 writes3 ,! summ] ( ?is ye> 7#ahfb7 ,mr4 ,field sp5t 9 ,am]ica1 :]e he appli$ himself vigor\sly to rais+ capital = ! new ent]prise4 ,to ?is end he visit$ ,bo/on1 ,provid5ce1 ,philadelphia1 ,albany1 & ,buffalo1 to address meet+s ( m]*ants & o!rs4 ,he us$ to amuse u ) ! acc\nt ( 8 visit to ! fir/ city1 :]e he 0 honor$ ) ! att5dance ( a l>ge array ( ! solid m5 ( ,bo/on1 :o li/5$ ) an att5tion t 0 mo/ flatt]+ to ! pride ( ! speak] address+ su* an assemblage 9 ! capital ( 8 native ,/ate4 ,!re 0 no mi/ak+ ! int]e/ !y felt 9 ! subject4 ,!y w5t /ill fur!r2 !y pass$ a s]ies ( resolutions1 9 :i* !y applaud$ ! project$ telegraph across ! ocean z "o ( ! gr&e/ ent]prises ev] und]tak5 by man1 :i* !y pr\dly comm5d$ to ! confid5ce & support ( ! ,am]ican public4 ,aft] ?is !y w5t home feel+ t !y _h done ! g5]\s ?+ 9 be/[+ ^u x su* a m>k ( _! approbation4 ,b n a man subscrib$ a doll>4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 z be=e1 ! cable ( #ahfe--;z well z t ( #ahff--0 provid$ = out ( ,engli% pockets4 ,let u n[ sub/antiate ?is /atem5t by a glance at ev5ts4 ,! late ,mr4 ,?omas ,brassey 0 ! fir/ to be appeal$ to 9 ,engl&1 & he support$ ! v5ture nobly4 ,!n ,mr4 ,p5d]#eh 0 appli$ to1 & "h also sub/antial aid 0 =?com+4 ,bo? ^! g5tlem5 _h jo9$ ! bo>d ( ! ,telegraph ,con/ruction & ,ma9t5ance ,company1 :i* _h j be5 =m$ 79 ,april1 #ahfd7 z ! result ( an amalgamation ( ! ,gutta-,p]*a ,company & ,messrs4 ,glass1 ,elliot ,co4 ,mr4 ,p5d]1 :o _h be5 l>gely in/rum5tal 9 effect+ ?is comb9ation1 became ! fir/ *airman4 ,! ,contractors' ,%>e4--,%ortly aft] ! fir/ ,atlantic cable 0 laid1 ,messrs4 ,glass1 ,elliot ,co4 avail$ !mselves ( ! s]vices ( ,mr4 ,cann+ & ,mr4 ,clif=d1 ^: engagem5ts on ,sir ,*>les ,bright's /aff = ! ,atlantic ,company _h t]m9at$4 ,?us1 ) an additional /aff ( electricians1 !y _h plac$ !mselves 9 a position to und]take direct contracts = lay+1 z well z manufactur+1 subm>9e telegraphs4 ,!y _h1 inde$1 c>ri$ out "w ( ?is "* 9 ! ,m$it]ranean dur+ ! ye> #ahfj2 & on ! amalgamation ( ! two bus9esses above m5tion$ into a limit$ liability company1 _! position 0 /ill fur!r /r5g!n$4 ,! capital rais$ = ! new cable by ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company 0 #fjj1jjj2 &1 by agree+ to take a consid]able proportion ( _! paym5t 9 ,atlantic %>es1 ! contractors practically f\nd m ?an half ( ?is am\nt4 ,9 ! result1 ! und]tak+ became a contractors' affair f fir/ to la/4 ,design & ,con/ruction4--,x w be se5 t ! new cable 0 to be an exp5sive "o z comp>$ ) t ( #aheg-'eh4 ,x 0 ! outcome ( six ye>s' fur!r exp]i5ce1 dur+ :i* sev]al important l9es1 ref]r$ to 9 ! la/ *apt]1 _h be5 laid4 ,x also foll[$ ^u ! exhau/ive ,gov]nm5t inquiry to :i* allusion has be5 made4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4--,! ,ma9 ,cable1 #ahfe-'ff4 ,! actual type adopt$ 7,fig4 #cd71 on ! recomm5dation ( ,sir ,*>les ,bright & o!r eng9e]s :o 7 additionally consult$1 0 mu* ! same 9 respect to ! conductor & insulator--#cjj p\nds copp] to #djj p\nds gutta-p]*a p] nautical mile--z t :i* ! =m] _h sugge/$ = ! previ\s ,atlantic l9e4 ,?is comb9ation = ! l5g? involv$ 0 bas$ on ,pr(essor ,?omson's law = ! work+ spe$ ( a cable1 z dep5d+ inv]sely on ! resi/ance ( ! conductor z well z on ! electro/atic capacity ( ! core4 ,! armor consi/$ ( a comb9ation ( iron & hemp1 ea* wire be+ envelop$ 9 manila y>ns4 ,! object ( incas+ ! sep>ate wires 9 hemp 0 7#a7 to protect !m f ru/ due to exposure to air & wat]1 & 7#b7 to r$uce ! specific gravity ( ! cable1 ) a view to r5d]+ x m capable ( support+ its own weight 9 wat]4 ,?is =m ( cable1 be>+ a /ress ( ab\t eight tons1#ei & susp5d+ elev5 miles ( itself1 0 consid]$ by mo/ ( ! au?orities at t p]iod to p]fectly fulfil ! conditions requir$ = deep-sea l9es4#fj ,! claims ( light hemp5 cables1 )\t any iron1 _h be5 urg$ = meet+ ! difficulty ( lay & recov]y 9 deep wat]2 & ?is type =m$ a sort ( compromise1 its total diamet] be+ #a4a in*1 weigh+ #a ton #af hundr$weight 9 air1 & only #ad hundr$weight 9 wat]4 ,! %ore end 0 to h a fur!r out] %ea?+ ( twelve /r&s1 ea* /r& conta9+ ?ree /\t galvaniz$-iron wires ( ,no4 #b ,b4,w4,g41 br++ ! weight up to #bj tons p] mile4 ,?is 0 to be jo9$ on to ! ma9 deep-sea type by a gradually tap]+ l5g? ( tw5ty-five fa?oms4 ,arrangem5ts = ,lay+4--,x 0 det]m9$ t ?is "t ! cable mu/ be laid 9 "o l5g?1 ) ! exception ( ! %ore ends1 by a s+le vessel4 ,!re 0 b "o %ip t c\ld c>ry su* a c>go4 ,?is %ip 0 ! ,great ,ea/]n1 ! conception ( t di/+ui%$ eng9e]1 ,isamb>d ,k+dom ,brunel4 ,%e 0 9 c\rse ( con/ruction by ! late ,mr4 ,scott ,russell at ! "t ( ! fir/ cable1 & x 0 a subject = regret t %e 0 n !n available4 ,an enorm\s craft ( #bb1ejj tons1 %e did n prove suitable at t "t z a c>go-boat2 & ! lay+ ( ! second ,atlantic cable 0 ! fir/ piece ( useful "w %e did1 aft] ly+ m or less idle = ne>ly t5 ye>s4#fa ,x is sad to ?9k ( ! way ?is poor old %ip 0 metaphorically pass$ f h& to h&4 ,ev5 at ?is p]iod ?ree sep>ate companies _h already be5 =m$ "o aft] ano!r to "w h]4 ,z promot] & *airman ( "o ( ^!1 ,mr4 7aft]w>d ,sir ,daniel7 ,goo* took an active "p 9 arrang+ = h] *>t] on ?is und]tak+1 & x 0 9 ?is way t he became a prom95t p>ty 9 ! ent]prise4 ,all ! cable ma*9]y 0 fitt$ to ! ,great ,ea/]n1 on behalf ( ! ,telegraph ,con/ruction ,company1 by ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clif=d to ! designs ( ,mr4 ,cann+ & himself4 ,x 0 con/ruct$ & set up by ! fam\s firm ( eng9e]s1 ,messrs4 ,john ,p5n ,son1 ( ,gre5wi*4 ,9 ! ma9 pr9ciples ! app>atus employ$ 0 simil> to t previ\sly adopt$ 9 #aheh on ! ,agamemnon & ,niag>a4 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 sev]al modifications introduc$1 z ! result ( ! extra exp]i5ce ga9$ dur+ ! sev5 ye>s' int]val4 ,! ma9 po9t ( diff]5ce 0 ! fur!r application ( jockeys to ! pay+-out ge> 9 a m complete =m4 ,z x 0 n practicable to moor s enorm\s a vessel (f ! works at ,ea/ ,gre5wi*1 ! cable _h to be cut into l5g?s & coil$ on two pontoons1 & !nce transf]r$ to ! big %ip4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4--,! ,great ,ea/]n at ,sea4 ,l&+ ! ,iri% ,end4--,at l5g? all ! cable hav+ be5 manufactur$ & %ipp$ f ! ,gre5wi* works1 ! ,great ,ea/]n1 "u ! comm& ( ,capta9 7lat] ,sir ,james7 ,&]son1#fb left ! ,?ames on ,july #bc1 #ahfe1 ) a total dead weight ( #ba1jjj tons1 & proce$$ to ,foilhomm]un ,bay1 ,val5tia4 ,"h %e jo9$ up h] cable to ! %ore end1 :i* _h be5 laid a day e>li] by ,s4,s4 ,c>ol9e1 a small vessel *>t]$ & fitt$ up = ! purpose4 ,! great %ip !n />t$ pay+ out z %e /eam$ away on h] j\rney to ,am]ica1 escort$ by two ,briti% m5-(-w>1 ! ,t]rible & ! ,sph9x4 ,! ,sail+ ,/aff4--,on behalf ( ! contractors1 ,mr4 7aft]w>d ,sir ,samuel7 ,cann+ 0 ! eng9e] 9 *>ge ( ! exp$ition1 ) ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clif=d z 8 *ief assi/ant4 ,z we h se51 bo? ^! g5tlem5 _h be5 engag$ ) ,sir ,*>les ,bright on ! fir/ l9e1 besides hav+ mu* exp]i5ce 9 me*anical eng9e]+ z well z 9 cable "w4 ,on ! contractors' eng9e]+ /aff !re 7 also ,mr4 ,john ,temple & ,mr4 ,rob]t ,london4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,v4 de ,sauty s]v$ z *ief electrician1 assi/$ by ,mr4 ,h4 ,a4 ,c4 ,saund]s & sev]al o!rs4 ,by arrangem5t ) ! ,admiralty1 ,/aff-,comm&] ,h4 ,a4 ,mori>ty1 ,r4,n41 act$ z ! navigator ( ! exp$ition4 ,capta9 ,mori>ty 0 possess$ ( great skill 9 ?is direction1 a fact :i* _h be5 made cle> 9 ! previ\s und]tak+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4--;,cable & ,ma*9]y abo>d ,s4,s4 ,great ,ea/]n4 ,! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company 0 repres5t$ on bo>d by ,pr(essor ,?omson & ,mr4 ,c4 ,f4 ,v>ley z electricians1 ! =m] act+ ma9ly z sci5tific exp]t 9 a consultative s5se4 ,mr4 ,will\ghby ,smi?1 ! electrician to ! ,gutta-,p]*a ,works1 0 also on bo>d at ! reque/ ( ! contractors1 ?\gh hold+ no exact (ficial position4 ,bo? ,mr4 ,field & ,mr4 ,goo* accompani$ ! exp$ition1 ! =m] z ! initial promot] ( ! ent]prise1 & ! latt] on behalf ( ! ,great ,ea/]n ,company4 ,repres5t+ ! press !re 7 also on bo>d ,dr4 7aft]w>d ,sir ,w4 ,h47 ,russell1 ! well-kn[n correspond5t ( ,! ,times1 z ! hi/orian ( ! ent]prise1 & ,mr4 ,rob]t ,dudley1 an arti/ ( repute1 :o produc$ sev]al excell5t sket*es ( ! "w 9 its diff]5t /ages = ! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news4 ,a ,bad ,/>t4--,un=tunately tr\ble soon arose4 ,! fir/ fault decl>$ itself ! day aft] />t+1 :5 eighty-f\r miles _h be5 paid out4 ,x 0 decid$ to pick up back to ! fault1 :i* 0 discov]$ aft] t5 & a half miles _h be5 br\ght on bo>d4 ,a piece ( iron wire 0 f\nd to h pi]c$ ! cable diametrically1 s z to make contact betwe5 ! sea & ! conductor4 ,! faulty portion 0 cut out1 & ! pay+ out resum$ z soon z ! cable 0 splic$ up aga94 ,on ,july #bi?1 :5 #gaf miles _h be5 laid1 ano!r & m s]i\s fault appe>$4 ,! ardu\s op]ation ( pick+ up aga9 comm5c$4 ,aft] n9e h\rs' "w ! fault 0 safe inbo>d1 & ! necess>y repair effect$4 ,on /ripp+ ! cable ano!r piece ( iron wire 0 discov]$ /ick+ "r ?r\gh ! core4 ,anxiety & misgiv+s 7 n[ felt by all on bo>d1 = x seem$ t su* rev]ses c\ld only be attribut$ to malevol5ce4 ,on ,augu/ #b;d yet a fur!r fault 0 report$2 !y 7 n[ two-?irds ( ! way across1 #a1ahf miles ( cable be+ already laid4 ,aga9 !y _h to pick up1 & ?is "t 9 a dep? ( #b1jjj fa?oms4 ,"o mile only _h be5 recov]$1 :5 an accid5t ( "s k9d happ5$ to ! ma*9]y4 ,! great %ip1 hav+ /opp$1 0 at ! m]cy ( ! w9d & swell1 & heavy /ra9s 7 br\ght on ! cable1 :i* consequ5tly suff]$ badly 9 two places4 ,be=e ! two injur$ portions c\ld be secur$ on bo>d ! cable p>t$ & sank4 ,mr4 ,cann+ at once decid$ to endeavor to recov] ! cable1 not)/&+ ! fact t x lay 9 #b1jjj fa?oms4 ,aft] maneuv]+ 9 ?is way = ab\t fifte5 h\rs1 #gjj fa?oms ( rope _h be5 hove 91 :5 "o ( ! connect+ l9ks gave way1 & all beyond x sank to ! bottom4 ,! "w 0 recomm5c$ ) hemp5 ropes1 two miles f>!r we/1 9 a dep? ( #b1cjj fa?oms1 & on ,augu/ #h? ! cable 0 aga9 hook$2 b :5 rais$ to )9 #a1ejj fa?oms ( ! surface1 yet ano!r connect+ l9k p>t$1 ! /ra9 be+ ab\t n9e tons4 ,two m attempts 7 made1 b bo? 7 doom$ to end 9 failure4 ,! /ore ( rope be+ n[ q exhau/$1 ! "w _h to be ab&on$1 & on ,augu/ #aa1 #ahfe1 ! fleet ( %ips p>t$ company to return home--%att]$ 9 hopes z well z 9 ropes6 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,second ,,& ,,successful ,,attempt ,fur!r ,funds--,fre% ,provisions--,new ,pick+-up ,ma*9e--,/aff--,cable-,lay+ aga9--,success4 ,! results ( ! la/ exp$ition1 disa/r\s z !y 7 f a f9ancial po9t ( view1 9 no wise abat$ ! c\rage ( ! promot]s ( ! ent]prise4 ,dur+ ! heavie/ wea!r ! ,great ,ea/]n _h %[n exceptional /iffness1 :ile h] great size & h] maneuv]+ p[] 7af=d$ by ! screw & paddles comb9$7 seem$ to %[ h] to be ! v type ( vessel = ?is k9d ( "w4 ,! pick+-up ge>1 x 0 true1 _h prov$ insuffici5t1 b ) ! pay+-out ma*9]y no s]i\s fault 0 to be f\nd4 ,! feasibility ( grappl+ 9 mid-,atlantic _h be5 demon/rat$1 & !y _h gone f> t[>d prov+ ! possibility ( recov]+ ! cable f simil> dep?s4 ,fur!r ,funds4--,to ov]come f9ancial difficulties1 ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company 0 amalgamat$ ) a new conc]n1 ! ,anglo-,am]ican ,telegraph ,company1 :i* 0 =m$1 ma9ly by ^? int]e/$ 9 ! old] bus9ess1 ) ! object ( rais+ fre% capital = ! new & d\ble v5tures ( #ahff4 ,! ultimate capital ( ?is company am\nt$ 7z be=e7 to #fjj1jjj4 ,9 rais+ ?is1 ,mr4 ,field fir/ secur$ ! support ( ! late ,sir ,daniel ,goo*1 ,m4,p41 !n *airman1 & previ\sly locomotive sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,great ,we/]n ,railway ,company1 :o1 aft] :at he _h se5 on ! previ\s exp$ition1 promis$1 if necess>y1 to subscribe z mu* z #bj1jjj4 ,on ! same conditions1 ,mr4 ,brassey express$ 8 will+ness to be> "o-t5? ( ! total co/ ( ! und]tak+4 ,ultimately1 ! ,telegraph ,con/ruction ,company l$ (f ) #ajj1jjj1 ?is am\nt be+ foll[$ by ! signatures ( t5 directors int]e/$ 9 ! contract 7z gu>antors7 at #aj1jjj apiece4 ,!n !re 7 f\r subscriptions ( #e1jjj1 & "s ( #b1ejj to #a1jjj1 pr9cipally f firms p>ticipat+ 9 ! subcontracts4 ,^! sums 7 all subscrib$ be=e ev5 ! prospectus 0 issu$ or ! books op5$ to ! public4 ,! rema9+ capital !n quickly foll[$4 ,! ,telegraph ,con/ruction ,company1 9 und]tak+ ! entire "w1 7 to receive #ejj1jjj = ! new cable 9 any case2 &1 if x succe$$1 an extra #ajj1jjj4 ,if bo? cables came into successful op]ation1 ! total am\nt payable to !m 0 to be #gcg1adj4 ,9 fact1 x 01 if possible1 ev5 m ( a contractor's ent]prise ?an t ( #ahfe4 ,x 0 n[ propos$ n only to lay a new cable betwe5 ,irel& & ,newf\ndl&1 b also to repair & complete ! "o ly+ at ! bottom ( ! sea4 ,a l5g? ( #a1fjj miles ( cable 0 ord]$ f ! contractors4 ,?us1 ) ! unexp5d$ cable f ! la/ exp$ition1 ! total l5g? available :5 ! exp$ition />t$ w\ld be #b1gcj miles1 ( :i* #a1ifj miles 7 allott$ to ! new cable1 & #fig to complete ! old "o1 leav+ #aac miles z a res]ve4 ,fre% ,provisions4--,! new ma9 cable 0 simil> to t ( ! ye> be=e1 b ! %ore-end cable det]m9$ on 9 ?is case 0 ( a diff]5t description4 ,x _h only "o %ea?+1 consi/+ ( twelve contigu\s iron wires ( great individual surface & weight2 & outside all a cov]+ ( t>r$ hemp & comp\nd4 ,t "p ( ! l9e :i* 0 int5d$ = %all[ dep?s 0 compos$ ( ?ree diff]5t types4 ,/>t+ f ! coa/ ( ,irel&1 eight miles ( ! heavie/ 0 to be laid1 !n eight miles ( an int]m$iate type1 & la/ly f\rte5 miles ( a light] type1 mak+ ?irty miles ( %oal-wat] cable on ! ,iri% side4 ,five miles ( %all[-wat] cable1 ( ! diff]5t types nam$1 7 consid]$ suffici5t on ! ,newf\ndl& coa/4 ,! previ\s pay+-out ma*9]y on bo>d ! ,great ,ea/]n 0 alt]$ to "s ext5t by ,messrs4 ,p5n to ! in/ructions ( ,messrs4 ,cann+ ,clif=d4 ,?\gh diff]5t 9 detail1 ! ma9 improvem5t ov] ! #ahfe ge> consi/$ 9 ! fact t a #gj-;horse-p[] /eam-eng9e 0 fitt$ to drive ! two l>ge drums 9 su* a way t ! pay+-out ma*9]y1 z 9 #aheh1 c\ld be us$ to pick up cable dur+ ! lay+1 if necess>y1 !reby avoid+ ! risk incurr$ by *ang+ ! cable f ! /]n to ! b[s4 ,?is addition ( ,p5n trunk-eng9es1 z well z ! g5]al /r5g!n+ ( ! entire ma*9]y1 0 made 9 accordance ) ! designs ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clif=d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4--,! ,pick+-up ,ma*9e1 #ahff4 ,! pick+-up ma*9]y =w>d 7,fig4 #cg7 aft] ! previ\s exp$ition 0 consid]ably /r5g!n$ & improv$ ) spur-:eels & p9ion-ge>+4 ,x _h two drums work$ by a simil> pair ( #gj-;horse-p[] eng9es4 ,?is =m$ an exce$+ly p[]ful ma*9e1 & reflect$ great cr$it on ^? :o devis$ & con/ruct$ x4 ,simil> ge> 0 fitt$ up on bo>d ! two vessels--,s4,s4 ,m$way & ,s4,s4 ,albany--*>t]$ to assi/ ! ,great ,ea/]n4 ,= ! purpose ( grappl+ ! #ahfe cable1 tw5ty miles ( rope 7 manufactur$1 :i* 0 con/itut$ by =ty-n9e iron wires1 sep>ately cov]$ ) manila hemp4 ,six wires s s]v$ 7 laid up /r&wise r\nd a sev5?1 :i* =m$ ! he>t1 or core1 ( ! rope4 ,?is rope w\ld /& a longitud9al /ress ( #cj tons be=e break+4 ,9 addition1 five miles ( buoy-rope 7 provid$1 besides buoys ( diff]5t %apes & sizes1 ! l>ge/ ( :i* 7,fig4 #ch7 w\ld support a weight ( tw5ty tons4 ,z on ! previ\s exp$ition1 sev]al k9ds ( grapnels 7 put on bo>d1 "s ( ! ord9>y sort1 & "s ) spr+s to prev5t ! cable surg+1 & ?us escap+ :ile ! grapnel 0 /ill dragg+ on ! bottom2 o!rs1 aga91 7 fa%ion$ l p9c]s1 to hold 7or jam7 ! cable :5 rais$ to a requir$ height1 or else to cut x only1 & s take (f a l>ge proportion ( ! /ra9 previ\s to pick+ up4 ,mo/ ( ?is app>atus 0 furni%$ by ,messrs4 ,br[n1 ,l5ox ,co41 ! fam\s *a91 cable1 an*or1 & buoy eng9e]s1 sev]al ( ! grapnels be+ to _! design1 z well z ! connections4 ,! propell+ ma*9]y ( ! ,great ,ea/]n _h simil>ly receiv$ alt]ation & improvem5t 9 ! int]vals ( ! two exp$itions4 ,moreov]1 ! screw propell] 0 surr\nd$ ) an iron cage1 to keep ! cable & ropes f f\l+ x1 z _h be5 provid$ = ! ,agamemnon & ,niag>a 9 #aheg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4--;,buoys1 ,grapnels1 ,mu%rooms--& ,m54 ,! te/+ arrangem5ts _h be5 p]fect$ by ,mr4 ,will\ghby ,smi? 9 su* a way t insulation read+s c\ld be cont9u\sly obs]v$1 ev5 :ile measur+ ! copp] resi/ance1 or :ile ex*ang+ signals ) ,val5tia4 ,?us !re 0 no long] any dang] ( a fault be+ paid ov]bo>d )\t in/ant detection4 ,on ?is occasion also cond5s]s 7 appli$ to ! receiv+-end ( ! cable1 hav+ ! effect ( v mat]ially increas+--inde$1 sometimes almo/ d\bl+--! work+ spe$4 ,on ,june #cj1 #ahff1 ! ,great ,ea/]n1 /eam+ f ! ,?ames--foll[$ by ! ,m$way & ,albany--arriv$ at ,val5tia1 :]e ,h4,m4,s4 ,t]rible & ,racoon 7 f\nd1 "u ord]s to accompany ! exp$ition4 ,! ,m$way _h on bo>d =ty-five miles ( deep-sea cable 9 addition to ! ,am]ican %ore end4 ,! pr9cipal memb]s ( ! /aff act+ on behalf ( ! contractors 9 ?is exp$ition 7 ! same z 9 t ( ! previ\s ye>4 ,mr4 ,cann+ 0 aga9 9 *>ge1 ) ,mr4 ,clif=d & ,mr4 ,temple z 8 *ief assi/ants4 ,9 ! electrical dep>tm5t1 h[ev]1 ! ,telegraph ,con/ruction ,company _h s9ce secur$ ! s]vices ( ,mr4 ,will\ghby ,smi? z _! *ief electrician1 :ile he /ill act$ 9 t capacity at ! ,:>f ,road ,gutta-,p]*a ,works4 ,mr4 ,smi?1 !re=e1 accompani$ ! exp$ition z *ief electrician to ! contractors4 ,capta9 ,james ,&]son & ,/aff-,comm&] ,h4 ,a4 ,mori>ty1 ,r4,n41 7 once m to be se5 on bo>d ! great %ip1 ! =m] z h] capta91 & ! latt] z navigat+ (fic]4 ,pr(essor ,?omson 0 abo>d z consult+ electrical advis] to ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company1 :ile ,mr4 ,c4 ,f4 ,v>ley 0 a%ore at ,val5tia z _! electrician4 ,sir ,*>les ,bright 7!n ,m4,p4 = ,gre5wi*7 0 at ?is p]iod s]v+ on v>i\s committees ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons2#fc b 8 p>tn]1 ,mr4 ,latim] ,cl>k1 took up qu>t]s at ,val5tia to p]sonally repres5t ! firm z consult+ eng9e]s to ! ,anglo-,am]ican ,telegraph ,company4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,laws & ,mr4 ,ri*>d ,collett#fd be+ respectively abo>d & a%ore at ! ,newf\ndl& end 9 ! same int]e/s4 ,mr4 ,glass1 ! manag+ director ( ! ,telegraph ,con/ruction ,company1 0 a%ore at ,val5tia = ! purpose ( giv+ any in/ructions to 8 7! contractor's7 /aff on bo>d1 :ile ,mr4 ,goo* & ,mr4 ,field 7 abo>d ! ,great ,ea/]n z onlook]s & wat*]s ( _! individual int]e/s4 ,cable-,lay+ aga94--,on ,july #g? ! ,william ,cory--commonly kn[n z ! ,dirty ,billy--l&$ ! %ore end 9 ,foilhomm]um ,bay1 & aft]w>d laid tw5ty-sev5 miles ( ! int]m$iate cable4 ,on ! #ac?1 ! ,great ,ea/]n took ! end on bo>d1 & hav+ splic$ on to h] cable on bo>d1 />t$ pay+ out4 ,! track foll[$ 0 p>allel to t tak5 ! ye> be=e1 b ab\t tw5ty-sev5 miles f>!r nor?4 ,!re 7 two in/ances ( f\ls 9 ! tank1 due to brok5 wires cat*+ neighbor+ turns & flakes1 & ?us draw+ up a :ole bundle ( cable 9 an app>5tly inextricable mass ( k9ks & twi/s q close to ! brake-drum4 ,9 ea* case ! %ip 0 promptly got to a /&/ill & all h&s set to unravel+ ! tangle4 ,) a c]ta9 am\nt ( luck1 c\pl$ ) mu* c>e1 nei!r accid5t end$ fatally2 &1 aft] /raight5+ out ! wire z f> z possible1 pay+ out 0 resum$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4--;,f\l 9 ,tank :ile ,pay+ out4 ,successful ,completion4--,f\rte5 days aft] />t+ ! ,great ,ea/]n arriv$ (f ,he>t's ,cont5t1#fe ,tr9ity ,bay1 :]e ! ,m$way jo9$ on & l&$ ! %ore end p>tly by boats1 ?us br++ to a successful conclusion ?is "p ( ! exp$ition4 ,! total l5g? ( cable laid 0 #a1heb nautical miles2 av]age dep?1 #a1djj fa?oms4 ,rejoic+s !n took place dur+ ! coal+ ( ! ,great ,ea/]n--to provide = :i* z _m z six coal-lad5 /eam]s _h left ,c>diff "s weeks be=e4 ,! rejoic+s 7 some:at damp$ by ! fact t ! cable betwe5 ,newf\ndl& & ,cape ,breton 7,nova ,scotia7 /ill rema9$ int]rupt$1 & t consequ5tly ! entire telegraphic sy/em 0 n ev5 n[ complet$4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! c\rse ( a few days ?is l9e 0 repair$1 & ,new ,york & ! ea/ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada 7 once m put into telegraphic communication ) ,europe4 ,! telegraphic fleet put to sea aga9 on ,augu/ #i?4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,recov]y ,,& ,,completion ,,( ,,! #ahfe ,,cable ,prospects & ,plans--,sett+ to ,"w--,repeat$ ,failures--,ultimate ,triumph--,electricians ,a%ore--,spot-wat*+--,putt+-?r\gh--,pion e]+--,work+ ! ,l9es4 ,prospects & ,plans4--,x n[ rema9$ to f9d ! end ( ! cable lo/ on ,augu/ #b1 #ahfe1 situat$ ab\t #fjd miles f ,newf\ndl&1 to pick x up1 splice on to ! cable rema9+ on bo>d1 & f9i% ! "w s un=tunately int]rupt$ ! ye> be=e4 ,! difficulties to be ov]come c be readily imag9$1 ! cable ly+ #b1jjj fa?oms )\t m>k ( any k9d to indicate its position4 ,! buoys put d[n aft] ! accid5t _h long s9ce disappe>$1 ei!r _! moor+s hav+ dragg$ dur+ v>i\s gales ( w9d1 or ! wire ropes :i* held !m hav+ *af$ ?r\gh1 ow+ to incessant rise & fall at ! bottom4 ,! position ( ! lo/ end _h to be det]m9$ by a/ronomical obs]vations4 ,^! necessitate cle> wea!r1 & c !n only give approximate results on acc\nt ( ! v>iable ocean curr5ts1 :i* sometimes fl[ at ! rate ( ?ree knots4 ,moreov]1 = grappl+ & rais+ ! cable to ! b[s1 ! sea mu/ be tol]ably smoo?2 & 9 t "p :]e ! "w lay a succession ( f9e days is r>e1 ev5 9 ! mon? ( ,augu/4 ,h[ev]1 !y /ill _h on bo>d ,capta9 ,mori>ty1 "o ( ! able/ navigators 9 ! _w4 ,add$ to ?is1 ! great] portion ( ! cable 9 deep wat] _h be5 paid out ) ab\t #ae p] c5t slack4 ,! *iefs ( ! exp$ition1 fully confid5t ( success1 ha/5$ _! prep>ations1 & on ,augu/ #i1 #ahff1 ! ,great ,ea/]n aga9 put to sea1 accompani$ by ,s4,s4 ,m$way4 ,on ! #ab? ! vessels arriv$ on ! sc5e ( action1 & jo9$ company ) ,h4,m4,s4 ,t]rible & ,s4,s4 ,albany1 ^! vessels hav+ left ,he>t's ,cont5t ,bay a week 9 advance to buoy ! l9e ( ! #ahfe cable & comm5ce grappl+4 ,! plan decid$ on 0 to drag = ! cable ne> ! end ) all ?ree %ips at once4 ,! cable :5 rais$ to a c]ta9 height1 0 to be cut by ! ,m$way /ation$ to ! we/w>d ( ! ,great ,ea/]n1 s z to enable ! latt] vessel to lift ! ,val5tia end on bo>d4 ,?is 01 ( c\rse1 be=e ! days ( cutt+ & hold+ grapnels z we n[ h !m1 :i* r5d] x possible = a s+le %ip to effect repairs--ev5 :]e x is out ( ! "q to recov] ! cable 9 "o bight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4--,s4,s4 ,great ,ea/]n ,complet+ ! ,second ,atlantic ,cable4 ,sett+ to ,"w3 ,repeat$ ,failures4--,:5 ! ,great ,ea/]n arriv$ on ! grappl+ gr\nd1 ! ,albany 7) ,mr4 ,temple 9 eng9e]+ *>ge7 _h already hook$ & buoy$ ! cable1 b ! buoy-*a9 hav+ be5 c>ri$ away1 !y n only lo/ ! cable1 b #b1jjj fa?oms ( wire rope besides4 ,on ,augu/ #ac? ! ,great ,ea/]n made h] fir/ drag1 ab\t fifte5 miles f ! end1 &1 aft] sev]al va9 attempts1 ! cable 0 f9ally hook$ & lift$ ab\t #a1cjj fa?oms4 ,dur+ ! op]ation ( buoy+ ! grappl+ rope1 a mi/ake occurr$ :i* result$ 9 ! rope slipp+ ov]bo>d & go+ to ! bottom4 ,! ,great ,ea/]n n[ proce$$ six miles to ! ea/w>d1 & comm5c$ a new drag1 = rak+ ! ocean b$ ) #b1djj fa?oms ( wire rope4 ,ab\t elev5 o'clock at night ! grapnel came to ! surface ) ! cable caught on two ( ! prongs4 ,boats 7 quickly 9 position alongside ! grapnel4 ,%ortly aft]w>d !y 7 endeavor+ to secure ! cable to ! /rong wire rope1 by means ( a nipp]1 :5 ! grapnel cant$1 all[+ ! l9e to slip away f ! prongs--l a great eel--& disappe> into ! sea4 ,on ! #ai? ! cable 0 once m hook$1 & rais$ ab\t a mile f ! bottom1 b ! sea 0 too r\gh = buoy+ x4 ,dur+ ! foll[+ week all ?ree vessels dragg$ = ! cable at diff]5t po9ts1 accord+ to ! plan previ\sly arrang$1 b ! wea!r 0 unfavorable1 & ! cable 0 n hook$--or1 if hook$1 _h manag$ to slip away f ! grapnels4 ,! %ip's company ab\t ?is "t became disc\rag$--9 fact1 m & m conv9c$ ( ! futility ( _! ef=ts4 ,on ! #bg? ! ,albany signal$ t !y _h got ! cable on bo>d ) a /ra9 ( only ?ree tons1 & _h buoy$ ! end1 b x 0 soon discov]$ t h] buoy 0 ?irte5 miles f ! track ( ! cable1 & t %e _h recov]$ a l5g? ( ?ree miles :i* _h be5 purposely paid ov]bo>d a few days be=e4 ,%ift+ gr\nd to ! ea/w>d ab\t fifte5 miles1 ! vessels 7 n[ work+ 9 a dep? ( #b1ejj fa?oms4 ,z ! /ore ( grappl+ rope 0 dim9i%+ day by day1 & ! f9e season rapidly com+ to an end1 x 0 decid$ to proce$ at once eighty miles f>!r ea/1 :]e ! dep? 0 n expect$ to exce$ #a1ijj fa?oms1 & !re try a la/ *ance4 ,ultimate ,triumph4--,aft] ! above repeat$ failures1 ! cable 0 hook$ on ,augu/ #ca/ by ! ,great ,ea/]n 7:5 ! grapnel _h be5 l[]$ = ! ?irtie? "t71 & pick+ up comm5c$ 9 v calm wea!r4 ,! mon/] vessel did h] "w admirably4 ,to quote ! words ( an eye-witness3 ,s delicately did %e answ] h] helm1 & coil 9 ! film ( ?read-l cable1 t %e put "o 9 m9d ( an elephant tak+ up a /raw 9 its proboscis4 ,:5 ! bight ( cable 0 ab\t #ijj fa?oms f ! surface1 ! grappl+-rope 0 buoy$4 ,! big %ip !n proce$$ to grapple ?ree miles we/ ( ! buoy 7,fig4 #da71 & ! ,m$way 7) ,mr4 ,london on bo>d7 ano!r two miles or s we/ ( h] aga94 ,! cable 0 soon once m hook$ by bo? %ips1 & :5 ! ,m$way _h rais$ h] bight to )9 #cjj fa?oms ( ! surface %e 0 ord]$ to break x4 ,! ,great ,ea/]n hav+ /opp$ pick+ up :5 ! bight 0 #hjj fa?oms f ! surface1 proce$$ to resume ! op]ation z soon z ! int5tional rupture ( ! cable _h eas$ ! /ra91 :i*1 ) a loose end ( ab\t two nautical miles1 at once fell f #aj or #aa tons to #e tons4 ,sl[ly1 b surely1 & amid brea?less sil5ce1 ! long-lo/ cable made its appe>ance at la/ 7see opposite71 = ! ?ird "t above wat]1 a little be=e "o o'clock 7e>ly morn7 ( ,septemb] #b;d4#ff ,two h\rs aft]w>d ! preci\s end 0 on bo>d1 & signals 7 imm$iately ex*ang$ ) ,val5tia4 ,?is 0 at once l$ into ! te/+-room1 :]e ,mr4 ,will\ghby ,smi?1 9 ! pres5ce ( all ! lead]s on bo>d1 appli$ ! te/s :i* 7 to det]m9e ! important "q reg>d+ ! condition ( ! cable1 & :e!r x 0 entirely cont9u\s to ea* end4 ,9 a few m9utes all susp5se 0 reliev$1 ! te/s %[$ ! cable to be heal?y & complete1 & imm$iately aft]w>d 79 response to ! %ip's call7 ! answ]+ signals 7 receiv$ f ! ,val5tia end1 :i* 7 receiv$ ) l\d *e]s t e*o$ & ree*o$ ?r\gh\t ! great %ip4 ,electricians ,a%ore3 ,spot-wat*+4--,let u n[ look at ^? pati5tly wat*+ day aft] day1 night aft] night1 9 ! wood5 telegraph cab9 on %ore1 ! exp]i5ce ( :om may be tak5 z a fair sample ( t ( ! electrician a%ore dur+ repair+ op]ations 9 ! pres5t day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4--;,diagram ,illu/rative ( ! ,f9al ,tactics ,adopt$ = ,pick+ up ! #ahfe ,cable4 ,a--,po9t :]e cable 0 buoy$ by ! ,great ,ea/]n4 ,b--,po9t :]e cable 0 brok5 by ! ,m$way4 ,c--,bight ( cable ultimately br\ght to surface by ,great ,ea/]n4 ,su* a l5g? ( "t _h elaps$ s9ce ! exp$ition left ,newf\ndl& t ! /aff at ,foilhomm]um1 "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,mr4 ,james ,graves1 felt !y 7 almo/ hop+ aga9/ hope4 ,sudd5ly1 on a ,sunday morn+ at a qu>t] to six1 :ile ! t9y ray ( light f ! reflect+ in/rum5t 0 be+ wat*$1 ! op]ator obs]v$ x mov+ to & fro ^u ! scale4 ,a few m9utes lat] ! un/eady flick]+ 0 *ang$ to coh]5cy4 ,! long-spee*less cable began to talk1 & ! welcome assurance arriv$1 ,%ip to %ore2 ,i h mu* pleasure 9 speak+ to y ?r\gh ! #ahfe cable4 ,j go+ to make splice4 ,glad tid+s 7 also s5t f ! %ip via ,val5tia to ,london1 &1 by means ( ! #ahff cable1 to ,newf\ndl& & ,new ,york4 ,?us x happ5$ t ^? be+ toss$ ab\t 9 a /ormy sea held conv]sation ) ,europe & ,am]ica at "o & ! same "t4#fg ,putt+ ,?r\gh4--,! recov]$ end 0 splic$ on )\t delay to ! cable on bo>d1 & ! same morn+ at sev5 o'clock ! ,great ,ea/]n />t$ pay+ out ab\t #fhj nautical miles ( cable t[>d ,newf\ndl&4 ,on ,septemb] #h?1 :5 only ?irte5 miles f ! ,bay ( ,he>t's ,cont5t1 j aft] receiv+ a summ>y ( ! news 9 ,! ,times ( t morn+1 ! te/s %[$ a fault 9 ! cable4 ,! mis*ief 0 soon f\nd to be on bo>d ! %ip1 & caus$ by ! end ( a brok5 wire1 :i*1 b5d+ at "r angles "u ! weight ( ! m5 employ$ 9 ! tanks1 _h be5 =c$ into ! core4 ,?is occurr5ce expla9$ ! probable cause ( ! faults 7( same "*7 :i* _h %[n !mselves dur+ pay+ out ! ye> be=e1 t5d+ to remove all suspicion ( malici\s int5t4 ,! faulty portion hav+ be5 cut out1 & ! splice made )\t delay1 pay+ out aga9 proce$$1 f9i%+ ! same day at elev5 o'clock 9 ! =5oon4 ,! ,m$way imm$iately set to "w lay+ ! %ore end1 & t ev5+ a second l9e ( communication across ! ,atlantic 0 complet$4 ,! total l5g? ( ?is cable1 comm5c$ 9 #ahfe1 0 #a1hif miles2 av]age dep?1 #a1ijj fa?oms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4--,s4,s4 ,great ,ea/]n ) #ahfe ,cable at ,b[s2 ,dep?1 #b ,miles4 ,pione]+4--,! ma9 feature & accompli%m5t 9 connection ) ! second & ?ird ,atlantic cables ( #ahfe & #ahff 01 )\t d\bt1 ! recov]y ( ! =m] 9 deep] wat] ?an _h ev] be5 be=e effect$1 & 9 ! op5 ocean2 j z 9 ! fir/ #aheh l9e x 0 ! demon/ration ( ! fact t a cable c\ld be successfully laid 9 su* a dep? & work$ ?r\gh electrically4 ,9 ! int]val betwe5 ! two und]tak+s cable repairs _h c]ta9ly be5 c>ri$ out 9 ! ,m$it]ranean 9 #a1djj fa?oms4 ,moreov]1 ! recov]y & repair ( a cable f ! dep?s ( ! op5 ocean are n[ matt]s ( ord9>y e-day occurr5ce1 =m+ "p & p>cel ( cable op]ations g5]ally4 ,^! facts %\ld n1 h[ev]1 9 any way detract f ! greatness ( ! a*ievem5t at t "t 9 s va/ & boi/]\s an ocean4 ,work+ ! ,two ,l9es4--,pr(essor ,?omson's reflect+-app>atus = te/+ & signal+ _h be5 consid]ably improv$ s9ce ! fir/ cable4 ,9 illu/ration ( ! degree ( s5sibility & p]fection atta9$ at ?is p]iod 9 ! appliances = work+ ! l9e1 ! foll[+ exp]im5t is ( /rik+ int]e/3 ,mr4 ,latim] ,cl>k1 :o w5t to ,val5tia to te/ ! cable = ! ,atlantic ,company1 _h ! conductor ( ! two l9es jo9$ toge!r at ! ,newf\ndl& end1 ?us =m+ an unbrok5 l5g? ( #c1gjj miles 9 circuit4 ,he !n plac$ "s pure sulfuric acid 9 a silv] ?imble1#fh ) a fragm5t ( z9c weigh+ a gra9 or two4 ,by ?is primitive ag5cy he succe$$ 9 convey+ signals twice ?r\gh ! bread? ( ! ,atlantic ,ocean 9 little m ?an a second ( "t aft] mak+ contact4 ,! deflections 7 n ( a dubi\s "*1 b full & /rong1 ! spot ( light trav]s+ freely ov] a space ( twelve in*es or m1 f :i* x 0 manife/ t an ev5 small] batt]y w\ld suffice to produce some:at simil> effects4 ,aga91 9 te/+ ^! cables x 0 f\nd t if ei!r 0 disconnect$ f ! e>? & *>g$ ) electricity1 x requir$ m ?an an h\r = half ( ! *>ge to escape ?r\gh ! insulat+ mat]ial to ! e>?4 ,?is speaks well = ! electrical compon5ts assign$ to ! two l9es1 & = ! arrangem5ts adopt$ 9 work+ !m4 ,x also %[s ! b5efit d]iv$ f sev5 ye>s' extra exp]i5ce 9 manufacture1 back$ up by ! previ\sly m5tion$ exhau/ive ,gov]nm5t inquiry !reon4 ,not)/&+ ! dim5sions ( ! core1 ^! cables 7 work$ sl[ly at fir/1 & at a rate ( ab\t eight words p] m9ute4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 soon improv$ z ! /aff became m accu/om$ to ! app>atus1 & /eadily increas$ up to fifte5--& ev5 sev5te5--words p] m9ute on ea* l9e1 ) ! application ( cond5s]s4 ,un=tunately bo? ^! cables broke d[n a few mon?s lat]1 & "o ( !m aga9 dur+ ! foll[+ ye>4 ,! faults 7 localiz$ ) great accuracy f ,he>t's ,cont5t by ,mr4 ,f4 ,lamb]t on behalf ( ,messrs4 ,bright ,cl>k1 eng9e]s to ! ,anglo-,am]ican ,company4 ,unlike ! #aheh l9e1 h[ev]1 ^! la/ cables _h n be5 kill$ electrically1 &1 be+ wor?y ( repairs1 !y 7 ma9ta9$ = a consid]able "t4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,jubilations ,banquets--,spee*es--,honors ,on ! return ( ! #ahff ,exp$ition a banquet 0 giv5 to ! cable-lay]s by ! ,liv]pool ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce1 z soon z ! ,great ,ea/]n 0 safely moor$ 9 ! ,m]sey4 ,! foll[+ f ,! ,times w be ( "s int]e/ "h3 ,! *air 0 occupi$ by ! ,rt4 ,hon4 ,sir ,/af=d ,nor?cote1 ,b>t41#fi ,presid5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,trade4 ,! foll[+ 7 among ! invit$ gue/s3 ! ,rt4 ,hon4 ,"l ,/anley1 ,m4,p41 ,secret>y ( ,/ate = ,=eign ,affairs2 ! ,rt4 ,hon4 ,"l ,c>n>von2 ! ,rt4 ,rev4 ! ,"l ,bi%op ( ,*e/]2 ! ,rt4 ,hon4 ,w4 ,e4 ,glad/one1 ,m4,p42 ,sir ,*>les ,bright1 ,m4,p41 orig9al projector ( ! ,atlantic cable1 & ,eng9e] to ! ,anglo-,am]ican ,telegraph ,company2 ,pr(4 ,w4 ,?omson1 electrical advis] to ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company2 ,mr4 ,latim] ,cl>k1 co5g9e] ) ,sir ,*>les ,bright2 ,mr4 ,r4 ,a4 ,glass1 manag+ director to ! ,telegraph ,con/ruction ,company 7contractors72 ,mr4 ,samuel ,cann+1 eng9e] to ! contractors2 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clif=d1 assi/ant eng9e] to ! contractors2 ,mr4 ,will\ghby ,smi?1 electrician to ! contractors2 ,capta9 ,james ,&]son1 comm&] ( ! ,great ,ea/]n2 ,mr4 ,william ,b>b]1 *airman ( ! ,great ,%ip ,company2 ,mr4 ,john ,*att]ton1 manag] ( ! ,gutta-,p]*a ,works2 ,mr4 ,e4 ,b4 ,bright1 ,magnetic ,telegraph ,company2 ,mr4 ,t4 ,b4 ,horsfall1 ,m4,p42 & ,mr4 ,john ,laird1 ,m4,p4 ,aft] propos+ toa/s to ,h] ,maje/y ! ,que51 to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & to ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 ! *airman 7,sir ,s4 ,nor?cote7 aga9 rose amid applause1 & said x 0 a maxim ( a great ,roman poet t a great "w %\ld be begun by plung+ into ! middle ( ! subject4 ,he w\ld !re=e d s by propos+ a toa/ to ! projectors ( ! ,atlantic ,telegraph--,sir ,*>les ,bright & ,mr4 ,cyrus ,field1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,brett hav+ s9ce un=tunately di$4 ,:5 !y came 9 aft] ye>s to relate ! hi/ory ( ?is cable1 !y w\ld f9d _m :o _h contribut$ to x1 b x w\ld be z impossible to say :o 7 ! orig9ators ( ! great inv5tion z x 0 to say :o 7 ! fir/ inv5tors ( /eam4 ,he begg$ to c\ple ) ! toa/ ! "n ( ,sir ,*>les ,bright1 z1 p]haps1 ! =emo/ repres5tative f all po9ts ( view up to ! pres5t "t 7applause74 ,! greate/ honor is due to ! indomitable p]sev]ance & en]gy ( ,sir ,*>les ,bright t ! orig9al cable 0 successfully laid1 ?\gh1 ?r\gh no fault ( 81 x _h b a %ort useful exi/5ce 7great *e]+74 ,sir ,*>les ,bright1 ,m4,p41 aft] ackn[l$g+ ! complim5t paid to ! orig9al projectors & to himself p]sonally1 said t ! idea ( lay+ a cable across ! ,atlantic 0 ! natural outcome ( ! success :i* 0 atta9$ 9 c>ry+ %ort l9es "u ! ,engli% & ,iri% ,*annels1 & 0 a common subject ( discussion among ^? conc]n$ 9 telegraph ext5sion prior to ! =mation ( ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company4 ,ab\t t5 ye>s ago ! sci5ce _h suffici5tly advanc$ to p]mit ( ! notion assum+ a practical =m4 ,s\nd+s tak5 9 ! ,atlantic betwe5 ,irel& & ,newf\ndl& prov$ t ! bottom 0 s(t1 & t no s]i\s curr5ts or abrad+ ag5cies exi/$1 = ! m9ute & fragile %ells br\ght up by ! s\nd+-l9e 7 p]fect & un9jur$4 ,!re only rema9$ ! pro( t electricity c\ld be employ$ ?r\gh s va/ a l5g? ( conductor4 ,^u ?is po9t & ! be/ mode ( work+ su* a l9e1 he _h be5 exp]im5t+ = sev]al ye>s4 ,he _h c>ri$ on a s]ies ( inve/igations :i* result$ 9 e/abli%+ ! fact t messages c\ld be practically pass$ ?r\gh an unbrok5 circuit ( m ?an #b1jjj miles ( insulat$ wire1 a notion d]id$ at t "t by _m di/+ui%$ au?orities4 ,mr4 ,wildman ,:iteh\se1 :o subsequ5tly became electrician to ! company1 _h be5 likewise engag$4 ,on comp>+ notes lat]1 x 0 discov]$ t we _h arriv$ at simil> results1 ?\gh hold+ some:at diff]5t views1 = 8 7,sir ,c4 ,bright's7 calculations1 us+ o!r in/rum5ts1 l$ him to believe t a conductor ne>ly f\r times ! size ( t adopt$ w\ld be desirable ) a slightly ?ick] insulator4 ,x 0 ?is type :i* ! new cables j laid _h be5 furni%$ )4 ,9 #ahef1 ,mr4 ,cyrus ,field--to :om ! _w 0 z mu* indebt$ = ! e/abli%m5t ( ! l9e z to any man--came ov] to ,engl& ^u ! completion ( ! telegraph betwe5 ,nova ,scotia & ,newf\ndl&4 ,he !n jo9$ ) ! late ,mr4 ,brett & himself 7,sir ,c4 ,bright7 ) ! view ( ext5d+ ?is sy/em to ,europe1 & !y mutually agre$1 z also did ,mr4 ,:iteh\se lat]1 to c>ry out ! und]tak+4 ,a meet+ 0 fir/ held 9 ,liv]pool1 & 9 ! c\rse ( a few days _! fri5ds _h subscrib$ ! necess>y capital4 ,s t 9 greet+ ^? :o _h j return$ f ! la/ exp$ition--,mr4 ,cann+1 ,mr4 ,clif=d1 ,capta9 ,&]son1 & o!r gue/s ( ! ev5+--,liv]pool 0 fitly welcom+ ^? :o _h accompli%$ ! cr[n+ success ( an ent]prise to :i* at ! outset %e _h s l>gely contribut$ 7applause74 ,! circum/ances connect$ ) ! fir/ cable w\ld be 9 ! recollection ( e "o1 &1 al?\gh ! loss 0 consid]able1 ! exp]i5ce ga9$ 0 ( no small mom5t4 ,a few mon?s aft] ! old l9e _h ceas$ to "w1 _! *airman 7,sir ,s4 ,nor?cote7 consult$ him on behalf ( ! ,gov]nm5t z to ! be/ =m ( cable = connect+ u telegraphically ) ,gibralt>1 & he 7,sir ,c4 ,bright7 did n hesitate to recomm5d ! same type ( conductor & insulator :i* he _h himself be=e sugge/$ = ! ,atlantic l9e--a high] spe$ be+ desirable4 ,?is class ( conductor 9 ! newly laid ,atlantic cable appe>$ likely to give e satisfaction1 he 0 happy to say1 & ! me*anical con/ruction ( ! cable1 also ! same z t he _h previ\sly specifi$ = ! ,gibralt> l9e1 appe>$ to h admirably met "s ( ! difficulties exp]i5c$ 9 cable op]ations4 ,! cr$it atta*$ to ^! second & ?ird ,atlantic cables mu/ ma9ly re/ ) ! ,telegraph ,con/ruction ,company 7=m]ly ,messrs4 ,glass1 ,elliot ,co47 & _! /aff1 inasmu* z 9 ?is case ! responsibility re/$ ) !m ?r\gh\t4 ,! directors--includ+ ,mr4 ,glass1 ,mr ,elliot1 ,mr4 ,goo*1 ,mr4 ,p5d]1 ,mr4 ,b>clay1 & ,mr4 ,brassey--des]v$ ! rew>d :i* !y & ! %>ehold]s w\ld no d\bt reap4 ,to ,mr4 ,glass1 ^u :om ! pr9cipal responsibility ( ! manufacture devolv$1 ! greate/ praise 0 due = 8 indomitable p]sev]ance 9 ! ent]prise4 ,!n ! art ( insulat+ ! conduct+-wire _h be5 s wond]fully improv$ by ,mr4 ,*att]ton & ,mr4 ,will\ghby ,smi?1 t1 n[adays1 a v feeble electrical curr5t 0 suffici5t to "w ! longe/ circuits1 an enorm\s advance on ! /ate ( affairs n9e ye>s previ\sly4 ,aga91 !y mu/ n =get h[ mu* ( ! success n[ atta9$ 0 due to ,pr(essor ,?omson & 8 delicate signal+-app>atus1 ! advantages ( :i* h s9ce #aheh be5 m firmly e/abli%$4 ,mr4 ,v>ley _h also done mo/ useful "w s9ce becom+ electrician to ! ,atlantic ,company4 ,moreov]1 he 7,sir ,c4 ,bright7 hop$ ! active p]sonal s]vices ( 8 p>tn]1 ,mr4 ,latim] ,cl>k1 w\ld n be =gott54 ,x 0 satisfactory to f9d t ! cables 7 already be+ work$ at a v l>ge pr(it4 ,?is sy/em w\ld d\btless be quadrupl$ )9 a %ort p]iod1 :5 ! l&-l9es on ! ,am]ican side 7 improv$ 7he>1 he>1 & applause74 ,) ?is comm]cial success--comb9$ ) ! improvem5ts introduc$ into subm>9e cables1 & ! p[] ( pick+ up & repair+ !m f va/ dep?s--!re 0 a future = subm>9e telegraphy to :i* sc>cely any b\nds c\ld be imag9$4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt _h already be5 done1 b ,*9a & ,japan1 ,au/ralia & ,new ,zeal&1 ,s\? ,am]ica & ! ,we/ ,india ,isl&s1 mu/ all be plac$ )9 speak+-di/ance ( ,engl&4 ,:5 ?is la/ has be5 accompli%$1 b n till !n1 telegraphic eng9e]s might take a %ort re/ f _! labors & ask ) "s little pride3 ,quoe regio 9 t]ris no/ri non pl5a laboris8 7l\d applause74 ,!n foll[$ spee*es f ,"l ,/anley1 ! ,am]ican ,consul 7on behalf ( ,mr4 ,cyrus ,field71 & o!rs4 ,honors 7 subsequ5tly be/[$ on "s ( ! v>i\s g5tlem5 mo/ imm$iately conc]n$ 9 ^!--at la/--:olly successful und]tak+s ( #ahfe & #ahff1 :i* left _! results beh9d 9 complete & la/+ =m4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,subsequ5t ,,atlantic ,,l9es ,z a natural sequ5ce o!r ,atlantic cables foll[$ 9 c\rse ( "t4 ,?us 9 #ahfi ,france 0 put into direct telegraphic communication ) ,am]ica by means ( a cable f ,bre/ to ! isl& ( ,/4 ,pi]re1 & ano!r f ,/4 ,pi]re to ,sydney1 ,u4,s4,a4#gj ,! =m] l5g? 0 manufactur$ by ! ,telegraph ,con/ruction & ,ma9t5ance ,company1 & ! latt] by ,mr4 ,w4 ,t4 ,h5ley4 ,! ,telegraph ,con/ruction ,company 7 ! contractors = lay+ ! :ole cable on behalf ( ! ,fr5* ,atlantic ,cable ,company 7,socit du ,cble ,trans-,atlantique ,franais74#ga ,?is "w 0 successfully accompli%$ f ! ,great ,ea/]n 7,capta9 ,rob]t ,halp97 by ! same /aff z _h laid ! #ahff cable4 ,ow+ to ! r\te1 ?is l9e 0 mat]ially long] ?an ! previ\s ,atlantic cables1 its l5g? 7f ,bre/ to ,/4 ,pi]re7 be+ z mu* z #b1fhe nautical miles4 ,! work+-spe$ atta9$ on ! ,fr5* ,atlantic cable 0 t5 & a half words p] m9ute4 ,! conductor ( ! ,bre/-,/4 ,pi]re section 0 compos$ ( sev5 copp] wires /r&$ toge!r1 weigh+ #djj p\nds p] nautical mile1 cov]$ ) a gutta-p]*a insulator ( ! same weight4 ,! core ( ! ,/4 ,pi]re-,sydney section 0 made up z foll[s3 ,copp] #ajg p\nds p] nautical mile2 gutta-p]*a #aej p\nds p] nautical mile4 ,l ! previ\s l9es1 ?is cable has be5 d[n1 electrically speak+1 = "s ye>s4 ,x prov$ a v co/ly "o 9 repairs1 "o exp$ition alone hav+ run into z mu* z #ie1jjj4 ,9 #ahgc ! ,direct ,unit$ ,/ates ,cable ,company 0 =m$1 be+ ! fir/ competitor--f ?is c\ntry--) ! ,anglo-,am]ican ,company4#gb ,messrs4 ,siem5s ,bro!rs1 :o _h tak5 an active "p 9 ! promotion ( ! s*eme1 7 ! contractors1 bo? = manufacture & = subm]sion4 ,x 01 inde$1 ! fir/ really important l5g? ) :i* ?is firm _h be5 conc]n$ z manufactur]s4 ,! lay+ 0 att5d$ ) complete success1 & ! l9e op5$ to ! public 9 #ahge4 ,lat] on1 9 #ahgg1 ! ,direct ,unit$ ,/ates ,company 0 recon/ruct$1 _! sy/em ent]+ into ! pool or jo9t purse4 ,! latt] 0 e/abli%$ %ortly aft] ! #ahfi ,atlantic cable _h be5 laid1 con/itut+ "o great f9ancial comb9ation4 ,9 #ahgi ano!r ,fr5* company 0 =m$ to e/abli% indep5d5t communication betwe5 ,france & ! re/ ( ! ,european ,cont95t on ! "o h&1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica on ! o!r4 ,!1 to ,engli% e>s & lips1 some:at cumb]some title ( ?is conc]n 0 ,la ,compagnie ,franaise du ,tlgraphe de ,p>is ,new ,york1 b x soon became /yl$ 9 ,engl& ! ,p4 ,q4 ,company1 aft] ,m4 ,p\y]-,qu]ti]1 its presid+ g5ius4 ,! cable 0 made & laid 9 ! same ye> by ,messrs4 ,siem5s ,bro!rs1 ?\gh ! s*eme _h tak5 ?ree ye>s to rea* contract po9t4 ,! ,p4 ,q4 ,company 9 #ahid amalgamat$ ) ,la ,socit ,franaise des ,tlgraphes ,s\s-m>9s1 "u ! title ( ,la ,compagnie ,franaise des ,cbles ,tlgraphiques4 ,9 #ahha an ,am]ican company 0 =m$1 "u ! guidance ( ! late ,mr4 ,jay ,g\ld1 entitl$ ,! ,am]ican ,telegraph & ,cable ,company1 ) a view to p>tak+ 9 ! pr(its ( transatlantic telegraphy by e/abli%+ ano!r l9e ( communication betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,great ,brita91 & !nce to ! re/ ( ,europe4 ,?is cable 0 also con/ruct$ & laid 79 ! c\rse ( t ye>7 by ,messrs4 ,siem5s ,bro!rs1 :o 7 "p promot]s ( ! ent]prise1 z well z ano!r cable = ! same sy/em 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 #ahhb4 ,?is company's cables are leas$ by ! ,we/]n ,union ,telegraph ,company1 :i* 0 practically ,jay ,g\ld's prop]ty1 & rema9$ s up to close on ! "t ( 8 dea?1 a few ye>s ago4 ,9 #ahhc ! above sy/em ent]$ ! ,pool--! happy de/9ation = :i*1 maybe1 x 0 orig9ally laun*$ into exi/5ce4 ,a fre% competitor arriv$ 9 #ahhd 9 ! p]son ( ! ,comm]cial ,cable ,company4 ,two cables 7 laid across ! ,atlantic = ?is company 9 ! same ye>1 its promot]s wisely =esee+ t1 9 view ( ! cont9ual *ance ( a breakd[n1 ?is 0 ! only way 9 :i* !y c\ld safely attempt to compete ) _! m firmly e/abli%$ rivals4 ,! ,comm]cial ,company 0 ma9ly promot$ by two ,am]ican millionaires1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,mackay1 ! celebrat$ ,new ,york f9anci]1 & ,mr4 ,gordon ,b5nett1 ! proprietor ( ! ,new ,york ,h]ald2 ) !m 7 associat$ ,messrs4 ,siem5s ,bro!rs1 :o aft]w>d became ! contractors = ! ent]prise4 ,^! cables1 l ! ,jay ,g\ld l9es1 /ret* f ! extreme s\?we/ po9t ( ,irel& 7:i* is connect$ by special cable ) ,engl&7 to ,nova ,scotia1 & !nce to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 "o ( !m direct to ,new ,york4 ,! sy/em is directly connect$ ) t ( ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railroad ,company1 ?us af=d+ ready communication ) ! ,dom9ion4 ,nei!r ! ,comm]cial ,company's sy/em nor t ( ! ,compagnie ,franaise des ,cbles ,tlgraphiques is at pres5t 9 ! ,atlantic ,pool4 ,9 #ahid yet two m additions 7 made to ! li/ ( ,atlantic cables--"o on behalf ( ! ,comm]cial ,cable ,company1 & ! o!r = ! ,anglo-,am]ican ,company4 ,! new ,comm]cial l9e 0 con/ruct$ & laid by ,messrs4 ,siem5s ,bro!rs1 & ! ,anglo cable by ! ,telegraph ,con/ruction ,company4 ,fig4 #dc %[s ! type adopt$ = ! deepe/ wat] ( ! latt]1 & ,fig4 #dd t = ! %ore ends4 ,"h ! wires1 besides be+ ( a v l>ge gauge1 are appli$ ) an extremely %ort lay 7h5ce ! elliptic appe>ance1 ?\gh circul> 9 reality71 9 ord] to increase ! weight ( iron1 & !reby avoid %ift+ & abrasion4 ,?is type is n[ 9 con/ant use :]e rocks1 ice-floes1 /rong curr5ts1 or r\gh wea!r are exp]i5c$4 ,special arrangem5ts 7 made 9 ! design ( bo? ^! cables to meet ! requirem5ts ( increas$ spe$4 ,s9ce ! successful application to subm>9e cables ( v>i\s modifications ( ,:eat/one's automatic transmitt]1 ! limit to ! spe$ atta9able only dep5ds1 practically speak+1 ^u ! type ( cable employ$4 ,on ^! pr9ciples ! core ( ! new ,comm]cial cable 0 compos$ ( a copp] conductor weigh+ #ejj p\nds p] nautical mile1 cov]$ ) a gutta-p]*a insulat+-%ea? weigh+ #cbj p\nds p] nautical mile1 :ile ! new ,anglo has a core ) conductor weigh+ #fej p\nds p] nautical mile1 & gutta-p]*a insulator #djj p\nds p] nautical mile1 involv+ a complet$ cable 7ma9 type7 ne>ly d\ble ! weight ( previ\s correspond+ l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4--;,anglo-,am]ican ,atlantic ,cable 7#ahid73 deep-sea type4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4--,%ore-end ( ! #ahid ,anglo ,cable4 ,r$uc$ size4 ,! actual spe$ obta9$ by automatic transmission ) ! latt] cable is z high z =ty-sev5 7or ev5 up to fifty7 five-lett] words p] m9ute4 ,on ! previ\s1 light]1 ,atlantic cores tw5ty-five to tw5ty-eight words p] m9ute 0 ! usual maximum spe$ atta9able2 ! =m]1 say1 by av]age transmission & av]age receiv+1 & ! latt] by automatic transmission--o!r circum/ances correspond+4 ,practically all subm>9e cables betwe5 important po9ts--& c]ta9ly all ^? across ! ,atlantic--are n[ duplex$--a sy/em ( electrical work+ 7in/itut$ by ,messrs4 ,muirhead 9 #ahge7 :i* enables messages to be s5t 9 bo? directions at ! same "t4 ,! result ( ?is is n[adays to practically d\ble ! c>ry+ capacity & e>n+ p[] ( ! l9e1 ! effective spe$ 9 ei!r direction rema9+ virtually ! same z 9 simplex work+1 provid$ ! cable is 9 good condition4#gc ,! armor ( ?is cable 7,fig4 #dc7 is also a good example ( pres5t-day practise1 ea* wire 7usually cov]$ ) comp\nd$ tape7 butt+ aga9/ ! next2 ?is is f\nd to be ! mo/ durable =m = a deep-sea cable4 ,9 #ahih ano!r ,fr5* ,atlantic l9e ( a simil> type to ! above 0 laid4 ,?is involv$ ! longe/ ,atlantic cable-section 9 exi/5ce1 i4e41 #c1agd nautical miles1 f ,bre/ to ,cape ,cod1 & 0 ! fir/ ,atlantic l9e made & laid by ,fr5*m51 ) ! active assi/ance1 z reg>ds lay+1 ( ! ,silv]t[n ,company4 ,rec5tly1 too1 a ,g]man ,atlantic cable has be5 laid by ! ,telegraph ,con/ruction ,company f ,emd5 to ! ,azores1 & h5ce to ,new ,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! v>i\s propriet>y companies "h nam$ h _h duplicat+ l9es laid = !m f "t to "t1 b ^! x is n necess>y to fur!r allude to4 ,nei!r has x be5 ?\ght necess>y to give p>ticul>s reg>d+ ! me?ods ( con/ruction1 lay+1 te/+ or work+ ( any ( ^! lat] l9es foll[+ on ! pione] und]tak+s1 except :]e special novelties 7 introduc$4 ,= simil> reasons--& see+ t ! responsibility ( ^! lat] l9es re/$ ) contractors--! names ( _! p]man5t /aff act+ = !m h n be5 introduc$4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,atlantic ,,cable ,,sy/ems ,,( ,,to-,,day ,connect+ ,l9ks--,t>iff--,rev5ue ,z a "p ( ! union betwe5 ! old _w & ! new1 !re are altoge!r fifte5 cables n[ work+ across ! ,nor? ,atlantic ,ocean 7see ,fig4 #de71 su* z are usually t]m$ ,atlantic cables4 ,"s ( ! ,atlantic companies h special cables ( _! own f ! l&+ place on ! coa/ ( ,irel& to po9ts on ! ,cont95tal coa/s4 ,! figure on page #bba sugge/s "o ( ! difficulties any wireless sy/em w\ld h to cont5d ) 9 attempt+ at transatlantic telegraphy on a comm]cial basis4#gd ,"s ( ^! cables at ea* end ( ! correspond+ ma9 section conta9 m ?an "o insulat$ conductor4 ,t>iff4--,9 ! e>ly pione] days ( ocean telegraphy ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company />t$ ) a m9imum t>iff ( #bj = tw5ty words1 & #a = ea* additional ^w4 ,?is 0 fir/ r$uc$ to #aj = tw5ty words1 & 0 fur!r alt]$ lat] on to #e = t5 words4 ,aft] ?is x /ood = a long "t at a m9imum ( #cjs4 = t5 words ( five lett]s ea*4 ,subsequ5tly1 9 #ahfg1 ! ,anglo-,am]ican ,company tri$ a ^w-rate ( #a = ! #ahfe & #ahff ,atlantic cables2 b x 0 n until #ahgb t ,mr4 ,h5ry ,weav]1 _! able manag]1 fir/ in/itut$ a regul> ^w-rate sy/em 7)\t any m9imum7 ( #ds4 p] ^w4 ,at ! pres5t "t 7#aijc71 ?anks to competition1 to te*nical improvem5ts 9 ! plant1 & increas$ traffic--br++ 9 its tra9 ^? economies 9 ! work+ :i* are always possible 9 a l>g] scale ( op]ation--! rate /&s at #as4 a ^w ) all ! ,atlantic companies4 ,"s day we may1 p]haps1 see a sixp5ny transatlantic t>iff 9 p]man5t =ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4--;,atlantic ,cable ,sy/ems1 #aijc4 ,rev5ue4--,! fifte5 ,atlantic cables n[ 9 use repres5t a total capital ( well ov] #bj1jjj1jjj /]l+4 ,a k ( ! pr(its d]iv$ f ea* sy/em is n readily arriv$ at2 b f a comp>ison ( ! traffic receipts or money returns ( ! olde/ exi/+ ,atlantic company at diff]5t p]iods1 we are b\nd to conclude t ! tak+s are1 r\ghly speak+1 v mu* ! same n[ z !y 7 tw5ty-five ye>s ago4 ,?is is expla9able by ! fact t1 al?\gh ! numb] ( messages n[ pass+ is mu* great]1 ! r$uction ( ! rate 7) ! ev]-increas+ competition ( rival l9es7 j ab\t cancels ! advantage1 s f> z receipts are conc]n$4 ,r\ghly speak+1 h[ev]1 ! annual gross traffic on transatlantic telegraphy /&s at ab\t #a1bjj1jjj1 divid$ among two ,engli% companies1 two ,am]ican1 "o ,fr5*1 & "o ,g]man company4 ,bo? ! two latt] are mat]ially subsidiz$ by _! respective ,gov]nm5ts1 :o n[ =esee ! desirability ( be+ indep5d5t ( cables "u ,engli% control4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,= p>ticul>s reg>d+ preelectrical telegraphy & previ\s rese>*es 9 electrotelegraphy1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ,a ,hi/ory ( ,telegraphy to ! ye> #ahcg1 by ,j4 ,j4 ,fahie1 ,m4,i4,e4,e4 7,e4 & ,f4 ,n4 ,spon1 #ahhd74 #b ,a c]ta9 k reg>d+ electric & magnetic sci5ce has to be assum$ "h2 &1 = fur!r p>ticul>s on ?is subject1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ano!r volume ( ?is s]ies1 ,! ,/ory ( ,electricity1 by ,john ,munro4 #c ,subm>9e ,telegraphs3 ,_! ,hi/ory1 ,con/ruction1 & ,work+1 by ,*>les ,bright1 ,f4,r4,s4,e41 ,a4,m4 ,in/4 ,c4,e41 ,m4,i4,e4,e4 7,london3 ,crosby ,lockwood ,son1 #ahih47 #d ,b4,w4,g4--,birm+ham ,wire ,gage4 #e ,x 0 gravely sugge/$ by a prom95t naval (fic] to ?read ! l9e ?r\gh old cannonades ly+ idle1 at ,portsm\? h>bor4 ,?is notion 0 n tak5 up2 b a light *a9 tw9$ r\nd ! insulat$ conductor ?r\gh\t its l5g? w\ld c]ta9ly h s]v$ ! purpose bett] ?an ! lead5 weights1 inasmu* z x w\ld h protect$ ! l9e f *af+1 besides be+ less liable to damage ! core4 #f ,"s critics _h actually suppos$ t ! me?od ( signal+ 0 t ( pull+ ! wire aft] ! mann] ( me*anical h\se-bells2 & 7 at pa9s to po9t out t ! bottom ( ! *annel 0 too r\gh = t4 #g ,= fur!r p>ticul>s1 see ! ,life ,/ory ( ,sir ,*>les ,til/on ,bright4 7,london3 ,ar*ibald ,con/able ,co41 #ahih47 #h ,x w be readily und]/ood t )\t ?is weight1 ! l9e w\ld n = c]ta9 desc5d to ! bottom--& c]ta9ly n 9 a /raight l9e--9 any consid]able dep?s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x w\ld be impossible to recov] an effective weight )\t great risk ( break+ ! l9e4 ,= ?is reason ! weight is ab&on$1 & a consid]able numb] may be f\nd at ! bottom ( ! sea 9 e qu>t] ( ! globe4 #i ,^! live ne> ! surface ( ! ocean 9 myriads ^u myriads1 incessantly s9k+ to ! bottom z _! %ort life is end$4 ,?us1 9 ! c\rse ( ages1 !re gr[s con/antly upw>d a =mation simil> to ! *alk cliffs ( ,engl&1 :i* conta9 ! id5tical %ells1 deposit$ :5 ?is c\ntry 0 subm]g$ f> bel[ sea-level ?\s&s ( ye>s ago4 #aj ,9 ! pres5t day1 h[ev]1 s\nd+s are tak5 at int]vals ( ab\t t5 miles along ! propos$ r\te1 & ev5 !n subm>9e hills & valleys are frequ5tly enc\nt]$4 ,?is is effect$ by means ( ! ,?omson /eam s\nd+-app>atus1 ! great feature ( :i* is a f9e /eel wire 7! same z t 9 ! treble notes ( a piano7 9 place ( a hemp5 l9e ( enorm\s bulk4 ,n[adays1 tak+ a s\nd+ 9 ! ,atlantic occupies well "u an h\r ( "t1 :]e by ! old me?od x took at lea/ six h\rs4 #aa ,! full p>ticul>s ( ! agreem5t ) ! ,engli% ,gov]nm5t 7 embodi$ 9 a lett] f ! ,treasury 7see ,life ,/ory ( ,sir ,*>les ,bright7 & =m in/ructive read+ ev5 at ! pres5t "t4 #ab ,subm>9e ,telegraphs4 #ac ,! ,pirate1 p4 #b4 #ad ,val5tia is ! ,iri% t]m9us ( sev]al ( ! pres5t ,atlantic l9es4 #ae ,n4,m4--,nautical miles4 #af ,?\gh su* a core w\ld h be5 a great novelty at ! "t1 x closely approximates to pres5t-day practise4 #ag ,m9s4 ,proc4 ,in/4 ,c4 ,e41 vol4 xvi4 #ah ,an ,atlantic cable ( ! pres5t day runs into ab\t half a million /]l+4 ,gutta-p]*a 01 9 ^? days1 less sc>ce2 on ! o!r h&1 its manufacture 0 m ( a novelty1 & !re 0 comp>atively little competition 9 cable-mak+4 #ai ,pr(essor ,morse 7:o held a sort ( wat*+ brief = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t7 also took passage1 b _h to retire to 8 b]? z soon z ! elem5ts ass]t$ !mselves1 & 0 sc>cely visible aga9 till all 0 ov]4 #bj ,! %eaves _h sev]al grooves :i* ! cable fitt$ into 9 its passage4 ,?\gh possess+ "s m]its1 ?is plan 0 nev] aga9 adopt$1 ow+ p>tly to ! above risk4 #ba ,?is 0 ow+ to ! two halves ( ! cable be+ made at diff]5t factories1 )\t any communication pass+ betwe5 !m on ! subject4 #bb ,?is app>atus fir/ ga9$ its "n f ! nature ( ! "p x plays 9 ma*9]y1 be+ simil> to t ( a human jockey4 #bc ,s call$ on acc\nt ( ! =m ( groov+ adopt$ = tak+ ! "u side ( ! table4 #bd ,subm>9e ,telegraphs4 #be ,x is p>tly = ?is reason t s full an acc\nt is giv5 "h4 #bf ,9 ^? days all su* in/rum5ts 7 spok5 ( z galvanomet]s1 no matt] = :at purpose !y 7 employ$4 ,moreov]1 ?is in/rum5t 0 also us$ sometimes = te/+4 ,t :i* goes by ! "n ( ! m>9e galvanomet] 9 ! pres5t day 0 n inv5t$ by ,"l ,kelv9 till "s ye>s lat]4 #bg ,?is splice-frame 0 an +5i\s arrangem5t = neutraliz+ ! untwi/+ t5d5cy ( two opposite lays :5 splic$ toge!r1 b is nev] requir$ 9 pres5t-day practise4 #bh ,?is1 ( c\rse1 did n 9 any way come z a surprise1 = ! l5g? ( cable employ$ = ^! exp]im5ts _h long s9ce be5 condemn$ z imp]fect4 #bi ,& s x is sometimes ) telegraph-%ips--z reg>ds ! dead weight ( cable--ev5 9 ! pres5t day1 :5 comp>$ ) ! risks run by ord9>y seago+ vessels4 #cj ,:5 ^! "p to any ext5t a %ip is always consid]$ 9 a dang]\s condition4 #ca ,by subsequ5t te/s x 0 cle> t at any rate ! cable rema9+ on bo>d 0 p]fect4 ,b aft] com p>+ notes ) ! ,niag>a1 a /rong belief 0 held t ! cable probably p>t$ at ! bottom4 #cb ,?is 0 f ! la/ turn 9 ! coil1 & subsequ5tly x 0 discov]$ t ow+ to ! di/urbance 9 ! floor+ ( ! tank dur+ ! /orm1 ! cable _h be5 damag$ "h4 #cc ,life-,/ory ( ,sir ,*>les ,bright4 #cd ,?\gh be>+ ?is some:at cumb]some & elaborate title1 ?is in/rum5t 0 practically no?+ m nor less ?an an ord9>y detector1 its capacity = actually measur+ ! electric curr5t be+ ( an extremely limit$ "*4 #ce ,?is 0 "s ( ! cable damag$ dur+ ! /orm1 l t :i* _h be5 brok5 at ! end ( ! previ\s attempt4 ,! bottom ( ! hold "h 0 f\nd aft]w>d to be 9 a v disord]$ /ate4 #cf ,lat] on x 0 made cle> t ?is my/]i\s tempor>y want ( cont9uity1 accompani$ by an app>5t v>iation 9 ! insulation1 0 due to a defect 9 ! m or less incon/ant s&-batt]y us$ abo>d ! latt] vessel4 #cg ,x subsequ5tly transpir$ t ! tr\ble _h be5 due to a fault 9 ! ,niag>a's w>d-room coil4 ,z soon z ! electricians discov]$ ?is1 & _h x cut out1 all w5t smoo?ly aga94 #ch ,! am\nt ( slack paid out _h already be5 almo/ ru9\s4 ,luckily its cont9uance 0 n necess>y1 or x w\ld h be5 impossible to rea* ,irel& ) ! cable on bo>d4 #ci ,! ,times1 ,w$nesday1 ,augu/ #aa1 #aheh4 #dj ,?is spot _h be5 select$ on acc\nt ( its seclusion f prevail+ w9ds1 & ow+ to ! %elt] x af=d$ f drift+ iceb]gs4 #da ,eng9e]'s log1 ,u4,s4,n4,s4 ,niag>a4 #db ,! ,times1 second edition1 ,augu/ #e?1 #aheh4 #dc ,! ,times1 ,augu/ #f1 #aheh4 #dd ,daily ,news1 ,augu/ #bj1 #aheh4 #de ,! ,life-,/ory ( ,sir ,*>les ,bright1 ibid4 #df ,! ,times1 ,augu/ #f1 #aheh4 #dg ,subm>9e ,telegraphs4 #dh ,9 8 "w on ! ,electric ,telegraph1 ! late ,mr4 ,rob]t ,sab9e said3 ,at ! date ( ! fir/ ,atlantic cable1 ! eng9e]+ dep>tm5t 0 f> ahead ( ! electrical4 ,! cable 0 successfully laid--me*anically good1 b electrically bad4 ,its electrical failure 01 ( c\rse1 b\nd to spell comm]cial failure1 no matt] h[ great its success z an eng9e]+ feat4 #di ,9 8 presid5tial address to ! ,in/itution ( ,electrical ,eng9e]s 9 #ahhi1 ,"l ,kelv9 7! ,pr(essor ,?omson ref]r$ to 9 ^! pages7 said3 ,! fir/ ,atlantic cable gave me ! happ9ess & privilege ( meet+ & work+ ) ! late ,sir ,*>les ,bright4 ,he 0 ! eng9e] ( ?is great und]tak+--full ( vigor1 full ( en?usiasm4 ,we 7 %ipmates on ! ,agamemnon on ! ev]-memorable exp$ition ( #aheh1 dur+ :i* we 7 out ( sight ( l& = ?irty-?ree days4 ,to ,sir ,c4 ,bright's vigor1 e>ne/ness1 & en?usiasm 0 due ! successful lay+ ( ! cable4 ,we mu/ always feel deeply indebt$ to our late colleague z a pione] 9 t great "w1 :5 o!r eng9e]s w\ld n look at x1 & ?\ght x absolutely impracticable4 #ej ,encyclopdia ,britannica1 #h? edition1 #ahfj4 ,article on ,! ,electric ,telegraph1 by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,?omson1 ,f4,r4,s4 #ea ,mr4 ,croskey also subsequ5tly f\nd ! bulk ( ! capital = ! explor+ exp$itions4 #eb ,lat] ,admiral ,sir ,leopold ,m',cl9tock1 ,k4,c4,b41 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 #ec ,n[ ,sir ,all5 ,"y1 ,c4 ,b4 #ed ,! reproduction giv5 "h is f a photograph k9dly l5t by ,sir ,all5 ,"y4 #ee ,9 consolidat+ ! texture ( ! gutta-p]*a1 pressure increases its electrical resi/ance1 unless a flaw exi/s su* z w\ld !n be imm$iately br\ght to light4 #ef ,see ,subm>9e ,telegraphs4 #eg ,mr4 ,field compass$ l& & sea incessantly = ! purpose ( agitat+ ! subject4 ,he is said to h cross$ ! ,atlantic altoge!r sixty-f\r times--suff]+ f sea sickness on ea* occasion--9 connection ) ?is great ent]prise 9 :i* he =m$ s prom95t a figure4 #eh ,aft]w>d ,sir ,john ,p5d]1 ,g4,c4,m4,g41 ,m4,p4 #ei ,! increas$ break+ /ra9 "h af=d$ ov] t ( ! fir/ ,atlantic l9e 0 p>tly due to ! great improvem5t made 9 ! manufacture ( iron wire dur+ ! int]val4 #fj ,exp]i5ce has s9ce taught u1 h[ev]1 t su* a type lacks durability1 ow+ to ! rapid decay ( ! hemp betwe5 ! iron wires & ! sea4 #fa ,! ,great ,ea/]n1 9 po9t ( size1 0 only a little be=e h] "t4 ,9 ! pres5t day1 ) improv$ eng9es1 %e c\ld be usefully & pr(itably employ$1 _h %e n be5 brok5 up4 #fb ,aft]w>d ! able manag] ( ! ,ea/]n ,telegraph ,company4 #fc ,life-,/ory ( ,sir ,c4 ,t4 ,bright4 #fd ,at a lat] p]iod--aft] bo? ! #ahfe & #ahff cables 7 9 work+ ord]--,mr4 ,collett s5t a message f ,newf\ndl& to ,val5tia ) a batt]y compos$ ( a copp] p]cussion-cap & a small /rip ( z9c1 :i* 7 excit$ by a drop ( acidulat$ wat]--! bulk ( a te> only4 #fe ,?is is situat$ on ! opposite side ( ,tr9ity ,bay to ,bull ,arm1 :]e ! #aheh cable _h be5 l&$1 & n s f> up4 ,x 0 suppos$ to be ev5 m protect$ ?an ,bull ,arm1 f :i* x is "s eighte5 miles di/ant4 #ff ,subm>9e ,telegraphs4 #fg ,?is is1 ( c\rse1 n[adays q an ord9>y occurr5ce1 & by means ( wireless telegraphy likely to become /ill m s4 ,!n1 h[ev]1 x 0 a complete novelty4 #fh ,mr4 ,cl>k borr[$ ! ?imble--:i* 0 a v small "o--f ,miss ,fitzg]ald1 ! daught] ( ! ,knight ( ,k]ry1 liv+ at ,val5tia4 #fi ,aft]w>d ! fir/ ,e>l ( ,iddesleigh1 ,g4,c4,b4 #gj ,?is ent]prise1 al?\gh ma9ly on behalf ( ,france & ! re/ ( ! ,european cont95t1 0 pr9cipally advanc$ by f9anci]s 9 ,engl&2 ! work+ ( ! cable 0 also *iefly "u ,briti% direction & managem5t4 #ga ,aft]w>d1 9 #ahgc1 m]g$ ) its cable into ! ,anglo-,am]ican ,telegraph ,company & its sy/em4 #gb ,?is company _h j _h two fre% cables laid = !m 7#ahgc & #ahgd7 by ! ,telegraph ,con/ruction ,company ) "s ( _! usual /aff4 ,! lay+ ( ! #ahgd ,atlantic 0 ! la/ piece ( telegraph "w p]=m$ by ! ,great ,ea/]n4 ,%e has s9ce be5 brok5 up1 aft] be+ employ$1 among o!r ?+s1 z a sort ( v>iety %[4 ,new cables 7 fir/ r5d]$ necess>y--accord+ to ! jo9t-purse agreem5t previ\sly ref]r$ to--by ! f9al breakd[n1 aft] sev]al repairs1 ( ! #ahff cable 9 #ahgb4 ,lat] on 79 #ahgg7 ! #ahfe also succumb$1 & ano!r ,anglo cable 0 laid by ! same contractors 9 #ahhj4 ,! ,telegraph ,con/ruction & ,ma9t5ance ,company laid ?is #ahhj cable )\t any hit* or /oppage )9 ! surpris+ly %ort space ( twelve days1 ! record up to date 9 ,atlantic cable-lay+4 #gc ,?us ! ,atlantic cable ( to-day may be cr$it$ ) an output ( #ajj words a m9ute z comp>$ ) a s+le ^w 9 ! same p]iod1 su* z 0 at fir/ obta9$ 9 ! pione] days ( "o cable work$ by "o company4 #gd ,wireless telegraphy is at pres5t a comp>atively sl[ work+ affair2 & if x is to successfully compete ) our ,atlantic cables1 ?is means a great multiplication ( transatlantic circuits all m or less close toge!r1 &1 9 consequ5ce1 all m or less liable to int]f]e ) ea* o!r "u exi/+ conditions4 ,probably1 h[ev]1 any new company =m$ = ! purposes ( telegraphic communication betwe5 diff]5t c\ntries w\ld n conf9e itself--ei!r 9 "n or practise--to cables1 b w\ld also cultivate ! wireless sy/em ( telegraphy4