,( ,! ,inju/ice ( ,c\nt]feit+ ,books by ,immanuel ,kant ,transcrib] note3 ,?is e-text edition ( ,( ! ,inju/ice ( ,c\nt]feit+ ,books is1 ess5tially1 ) "s *anges or cl>ifications by ! e-text prep>]1 bas$ on a translation ( ?is essay1 f ,g]man into ,engli%1 t 0 publi%$ 9 #agih 93 ,essays & ,treatises ,on ,moral1 ,political & ,v>i\s ,philosophical ,subjects1 by ,immanuel ,kant1 ,m4,r4,a4,s4,b41 & pr(essor ( philosophy 9 ! univ]sity ( ,ko5igsb]g2 ,f ! ,g]man by ! ,translator ( ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,critical ,philosophy2 ,,9 ,,two ,,volumes2 ,vol4 #a2 ,london3 ,sold by ,william ,ri*>dson ,"u ! ,royal ,ex*ange1 #agih2 ,?is e-text 0 prep>$ by ,john ,mam\n 9 #bjad4 ,?is e-text is n 9 copyright & is public doma94 99999999999999999999999999 ,( ,! ,inju/ice ( ,c\nt]feit+ ,books ,^? :o consid] ! publication ( a book to be equival5t to ! use ( an au?or's prop]ty 9 ! =m ( a copy 7:e!r ! possessor came by x z a manuscript f ! au?or or z a transcript ( x f an actual editor71 & !n1 h[ev]1 via ! res]vation ( c]ta9 rights1 :e!r ( ! au?or's or ( ! editor's1 :o is appo9t$ by ! au?or1 want to limit ! use ( ! book only to ?is1 t is1 want to impose ! rule t x is n p]mitt$ to c\nt]feit ! book1 _c1 bas$ ^u ! rationale ( ?is a=em5tion$ consid]ation1 atta9 ?is anti-c\nt]feit+ objective4 ,= ! au?or's prop]ty 9 8 ?\ghts or s5tim5ts 7ev5 if x 7 n grant$ t ! concept ( su* ?\ght or s5tim5t prop]ty has legal m]it accord+ to ext]nal laws7 w\ld rema9 to him reg>dless ( :e!r or n t prop]ty 0 us$ or repres5t$ 9 ! =m ( a c\nt]feit2 &1 s9ce an express legal cons5t giv5 by ! pur*as] ( a book to su* a limitation ( _! prop]ty w\ld n likely be grant$199 h[ mu* less w\ld a m]ely presum$ cons5t suffice to det]m9e ! pur*as]'s obligation8 99,footnote3 ,w\ld an editor attempt to b9d ev]ybody :o pur*as$ 8 "w to ! condition1 to be accus$ ( embezzl+ ! prop]ty ( ano!r entru/$ to him1 if1 ei!r int5tionally1 or by ! pur*as]'s lack ( ov]sight1 ! copy :i* ! pur*as] pur*as$ 7 us$ = ! purpose ( c\nt]feit+8 ,sc>cely anyone w\ld cons5t to ?is3 because he w\ld !reby expose himself to e sort ( tr\ble ab\t ! inquiry & ! def5se4 ,! "w w\ld !re=e rema9 exclusively 9 ! editor's h&s4 ,i believe1 h[ev]1 t ,i am ju/ifi$ to consid] ! publication ( a book to be n ! trad+ ( a good 9 ! =m ( a book 9 ! trad]'s own "n1 b z ! transact+ ( bus9ess 9 ! "n ( ano!r1 namely1 ! au?or4 ,by consid]+ ! act ( publication to be su* a transaction1 ,i am able to repres5t easily & di/9ctly ! wrongfulness ( c\nt]feit+ books4 ,my argum5t1 :i* also proves ! editor's "r1 is conta9$ 9 a ratioc9ation2 aft] :i* foll[s a second1 :]e9 ! c\nt]feit]'s pret5sion %all be refut$4 ,i4 ,d$uction ( ! ,editor's ,"r aga9/ ! ,c\nt]feit] ,:oev] transacts ano!r's bus9ess 9 8 "n & yet aga9/ 8 w is oblig$ to give up to him1 or to 8 attorney1 all ! pr(its t may arise !refrom1 & to repair all ! loss :i* is !reby occasion$ to ei!r ! "o or ! o!r4 ,n[ ! c\nt]feit] is he :o transacts ano!r's bus9ess 7! au?or's7 aga9/ ! o!r's w4 ,!re=e ! c\nt]feit] is oblig$ to give up to ! au?or or to 8 attorney 7or ! editor7 any pr(its f ! transaction4 ,pro( ( ! ,major ,z ! ag5t1 :o intrudes himself1 acts 9 ! "n ( ano!r 9 a mann] n p]mitt$1 he has no claim to ! pr(it :i* arises f ?is bus9ess2 b ! au?or or editor 9 ^: "n he c>ries on ! bus9ess1 or ano!r au?oriz$ controll] ( ! "w to ^: *>ge ! =m] has committ$ ! "w1 possesses ! "r to appropriate ?is pr(it to himself1 z ! fruit ( 8 prop]ty4 ,besides1 z ?is ag5t injures ! possessor's "r by int]m$dl+1 nullo jure1 9 ano!r's bus9ess1 he mu/ ( necessity comp5sate = all damages su/a9$4 ,?is lies )\t a d\bt 9 ! elem5t>y conceptions ( natural "r4 ,pro( ( ! ,m9or ,! fir/ po9t ( ! m9or is3 t ! editor transacts ! bus9ess ( ! au?or by ! publication4 ,"h1 ev]y?+ dep5ds on ! conception ( a book1 or ( a writ+ 9 g5]al1 z a lab\r ( ! au?or's1 & on ! conception ( ! editor 9 g5]al 7be he an attorney or n74 ,:e!r a book be a commodity :i* ! au?or1 ei!r ?r\gh ! au?or's own ef=ts or by means ( ano!r1 c traffic ) ! public1 & c !re=e transf] ! own]%ip rights ( ! book1 ei!r ) or )\t res]vation ( c]ta9 rights2 or :e!r ! book is in/ead a m]e use ( 8 works1 :i* ! au?or c inde$ conc$e to o!rs1 b nev] transf] ! own]%ip rights (2 ,aga93 :e!r ! editor transacts 8 bus9ess 9 8 own "n1 or transacts ano!r's bus9ess 9 ! "n ( ano!r8 ,9 a book1 z a writ+1 ! au?or speaks to 8 read]2 & he :o pr9t$ x speaks by 8 copies n = himself1 b entirely 9 ! "n ( ! au?or4 ,! editor exhibits ! au?or z speak+ publicly1 & m$iates only ! deliv]y ( ?is spee* to ! public4 ,let ! copy ( ?is spee*1 :e!r x be 9 h&writ+ or 9 pr9t1 belong to :om x w2 yet to use ?is = "o's self1 or to traffic ) x1 is a bus9ess :i* e own] ( x may conduct 9 8 own "n & at pleasure4 ,b to let any "o speak publicly1 to publi% 8 spee* z su*1 means to speak 9 8 "n1 &1 9 a way1 to say to ! public3 ,a writ] lets y "k1 or tea*es y1 ?is or t1 etc41 ?r\gh me4 ,i answ] = no?+1 n ev5 = ! lib]ty1 :i* ! writ] takes1 to speak publicly ?r\gh me2 ,i am b ! m$iator ( ! writ]'s ?\ghts com+ to y4 ,t is no d\bt a bus9ess :i* "o c execute only 9 ! "n ( ano!r1 & nev] 9 "o's own 7z editor74 ,! editor furni%es 9 8 own "n ! mute in/rum5t ( ! deliv]+ ( a spee* ( ! au?or's to ! public29999 ! editor c publi% ! said spee* by pr9t+1 :i* consequ5tly %[s himself z ! p]son ?r\gh :om ! au?or addresses ! public1 b he c d s only 9 ! "n ( ! au?or4 9999,footnote3 ,a book is ! in/rum5t ( ! deliv]+ ( a spee* to ! public1 n m]ely ( ! ?\ghts1 z pictures ( a symbolical repres5tation ( an idea or ( an ev5t4 ,:at is "h ! mo/ ess5tial ab\t x is t x is n a ?+1 :i* is !reby deliv]$1 b is r an op]a1 namely a spee*1 & c]ta9ly lit]al4 ,9 nam+ x a mute in/rum5t1 ,i di/+ui% x f :at deliv]s ! spee* by a s\nd1 su* z a trumpet 9 music1 or ! m\?s ( o!rs4 ,! second po9t ( ! m9or is3 t ! c\nt]feit] und]takes ! au?or's bus9ess1 n only )\t any p]mission f ! own]1 b ev5 contr>y to ! own]'s w4 ,giv5 t he is a c\nt]feit] because he invades ! prov9ce ( ano!r1 :o is au?oriz$ by ! au?or himself to publi% ! "w3 ! "q is1 :e!r ! au?or c conf] ! same p]mission on yet ano!r1 & cons5t !reto4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 cle> t1 z !n ea* ( !m--! fir/ editor & ! p]son aft]w>ds usurp+ ! publication ( ! "w 7! c\nt]feit]7--w\ld manage ! au?or's bus9ess ) "o & ! same public1 ! lab\r ( ! "o mu/ r5d] t ( ! o!r useless & be ru9\s to bo?2 !re=e a contract betwe5 ! au?or & an editor t conta9s ! coroll>y1 to all[ yet ano!r besides ! editor to v5ture ! publication ( ! au?or's "w1 is impossible2 consequ5tly ! au?or 0 n entitl$ to give ! p]mission to any o!r1 includ+ by implication a c\nt]feit]71 & ! c\nt]feit] %\ld n h ev5 presum$ ?is2 by consequ5ce ! c\nt]feit+ ( books is a bus9ess totally contr>y to ! w ( ! proprietor1 & yet und]tak5 9 ! proprietor's "n4 ,f ?is gr\nd x foll[s t n ! au?or1 b ! editor au?oriz$ by him1 suff]s damages4 ,= z ! au?or has entirely1 )\t res]vation1 giv5 up to ! editor 8 "r to ! manag+ ( 8 bus9ess ) ! public1 or to dispose ( x o!rwise1 s ! editor is ! only proprietor ( ! transaction ( ?is bus9ess1 & ! c\nt]feit] encroa*es on ! editor1 b n on ! au?or4 ,b z ?is "r ( transact+ a bus9ess1 :i* may be done j z well by ano!r1 is n inali5able 7jus p]sonalissimum71 assum+ t no coroll>y exi/s o!rwise 9 ! au?or's contractual agreem5t ) ! editor1 s ! editor1 z he has be5 au?oriz$ to h p[] ov] ! "w1 also has ! "r to transf] 8 "r ( publication to ano!r2 & z ! au?or mu/ cons5t to ?is1 he :o und]takes ! bus9ess f ! second h& is n a c\nt]feit]1 b a rightfully au?oriz$ editor1 i4e4 "o to :om ! editor1 :o 0 appo9t$ by ! au?or1 has transf]r$ 8 p[] ov] ! "w4 ,,ii4 ,refutation ( ! ,c\nt]feit]'s pret5d$ ,"r aga9/ ! ,editor4 ,! "q rema9s /ill to be answ]$3 s9ce ! editor projects to ! public ! own]%ip ov] ! "w ( ! au?or1 does n ! cons5t ( ! editor 7& by implication also ! au?or1 :o gave ! editor legal control ov] x7 to e use ( ! "w1 includ+ repr9t+ x1 result automatically f own]%ip ( a copy ( ! "w1 su* t su* cons5t is automatically furni%$ to :oev] pur*ases a copy ( ! "w1 h[ev] disagreeable su* cons5t to p]mit c\nt]feit+ may be to ! editor8 ,= ! prospect ( pr(it has p]haps entic$ ! editor to und]take1 ) ! risk ( hav+ ! publi%$ "w c\nt]feit$1 ! bus9ess ( editor1 :]e ?is risk is m likely s9ce ! pur*as] has n be5 exclud$ f c\nt]feit+ via an express contract1 because x w\ld hurt ! editor's bus9ess if ! editor tri$ to obligate all pot5tial pur*as]s ( ! "w to agree to a contract =bidd+ c\nt]feit+1 because pot5tial pur*ases w\ld g5]ally n cons5t to su* an agreem5t & !re=e w\ld be less likely to pur*ase a copy ( ! "w4 ,my answ] to ?is "q is t ! own]%ip ( ! copy does n furni% ! "r ( c\nt]feit+4 ,i prove ?is by ! foll[+ ratioc9ation3 ,a p]sonal positive "r aga9/ ano!r c nev] be d]iv$ f ! own]%ip ( a ?+ only4 ,b ! "r ( publi%+ a "w is a p]sonal positive "r4 ,!re=e1 ! "r ( publi%+ nev] c be d]iv$ f ! own]%ip ( a ?+ 7! copy7 only4 ,pro( ( ! ,major ,) ! own]%ip ( a ?+ is inde$ accompani$ ! negative "r to resi/ any "o :o w\ld h9d] me f ! use ( x at pleasure2 b a positive "r aga9/ a p]son1 to dem& ( him to p]=m some?+ or to be oblig$ to s]ve me 9 any?+1 _c arise f ! m]e own]%ip ( a ?+4 ,x is true ?is positive "r might by a p>ticul> agreem5t be add$ to ! pur*ase contract :]eby ,i acquire a prop]ty f anybody2 e4g4 t1 :5 ,i pur*ase a commodity1 ! sell] %all also s5d x to a c]ta9 place free f exp5ses4 ,b !n ! "r aga9/ ! p]son1 to d some?+ = me1 does n proce$ f ! m]e own]%ip ( my pur*as$ ?+1 b f a p>ticul> contract4 ,pro( ( ! ,m9or ,if someone c dispose ( some?+ at pleasure 9 8 own "n1 !n t someone has a "r to t ?+4 ,b if someone c p]=m only 9 ! "n ( ano!r1 he transacts ?is bus9ess su* t ! o!r is !reby b\nd1 z if ! bus9ess 7 transact$ by himself4 7,quod quis facit p] alium1 ipse fecisse put&us set74 ,!re=e my "r to ! transact+ ( a bus9ess 9 ! "n ( ano!r is a p]sonal positive "r1 to necessitate ! au?or ( ! bus9ess to gu>antee some?+1 namely1 to answ] = ev]y?+ :i* he has done ?r\gh me1 or to :i* he obliges himself ?r\gh me4 ,! publi%+ ( ! "w is n[ a spee* to ! public 7by pr9t+7 9 ! "n ( ! au?or1 & is consequ5tly a bus9ess 9 ! "n ( ano!r4 ,!re=e ! "r to x is a "r ( ! editor's aga9/ a p]son3 n m]ely to def5d himself 9 ! use ( 8 prop]ty at pleasure aga9/ him2 b to necessitate him to ackn[l$ge & to answ] = z 8 own a c]ta9 bus9ess1 :i* ! editor transacts 9 8 "n2 consequ5tly ?is is a p]sonal positive "r4 ,! copy1 accord+ to :i* ! editor pr9ts1 is a "w ( ! au?or's & belongs totally to ! editor aft] he has pur*as$ x1 ei!r 9 ! manuscript =m or ! pr9t$ =m1 to d ) x ev]y?+ ! editor pleases1 :]e said do+s c be done 9 ! editor's own "n2 = t is a requisite ( ! complete "r 9 a ?+1 i4e4 own]%ip4 ,b ! use1 :i* ! editor _c make ( x except only 9 ! "n ( ano!r 7namely ! au?or's71 is a bus9ess 7op]a7 t ?is o!r transacts ?r\gh ! own] ( ! copy1 :]e 9 addition to ! own]%ip ( ! copy1 a p>ticul> contract is /ill requisite = o!r rights to be provid$ to ! own] ( ! copy4 ,n[1 ! publication ( a book is a bus9ess :i* c only be transact$ 9 ! "n ( ano!r 7namely ! au?or1 :om ! editor pres5ts z speak+ to ! public ?r\gh him72 !re=e ! rights ( transact+ ! bus9ess ( publi%+ ! book is sep>ate f ! rights t are associat$ ) ! own]%ip ( a copy ( ! book4 ,! "r to publi% ! book c legally be acquir$ only by a p>ticul> contract ) ! au?or4 ,:o publi%es )\t su* a contract ) ! au?or 7or1 if ! au?or has already grant$ ?is "r to ano!r1 i4e4 to an au?oriz$ editor1 )\t a contract ) t au?oriz$ editor7 is ! c\nt]feit]1 :o !n damages ! au?oriz$ editor1 & mu/ make am5ds to him = all damages4 ,univ]sal ,obs]vation ,t ! editor transacts 8 bus9ess ( editor n m]ely 9 8 own "n1 b 9 ! "n ( ano!r999999 7namely ! au?or71 & )\t ^: cons5t _c transact ?is bus9ess at all1 is confirm$ f c]ta9 obligations :i* fix !mselves accord+ to univ]sal ackn[l$gem5t4 999999,footnote3 ,if ! editor is at ! same "t also ! au?or1 !n1 h[ev]1 bo? bus9esses 7writ+ v]sus publi%+7 are diff]5t2 ! editor publi%es z a tradesman1 :]eas :at he publi%$ he orig9ally wrote z a s*ol> or man ( lett]4 ,b we may set aside su* an unusual example ( two diff]5t roles be+ held simultane\sly by ! same p]son1 & re/rict our exposition only to t :]e ! editor is n at ! same "t ! au?or3 x w aft]w>ds be easy to ext5d ! consequ5ce to ! fir/ case likewise4 ,7 ! au?or to die aft] he _h deliv]$ 8 manuscript to ! editor to be pr9t$1 & ! editor _h previ\sly b\nd himself z ! au?oriz$ publi%]3 !n ! editor w\ld n h ! lib]ty to suppress ! manuscript's publication on ! gr\nds t x is 8 prop]ty2 b ! public has a "r1 if ! au?or left no heirs1 ei!r to =ce ! editor to publi% ! book or to give up ! manuscript to ano!r :o (f]s to publi% x4 ,= ! publi%+ ( 8 manuscript is a bus9ess :i* ! au?or1 prior to dy+1 _h ! int5tion to transact ) ! public ?r\gh ! editor1 & = :i* ! editor succe$s ! au?or by becom+ ! ag5t4 ,! public does n ev5 ne$ to "k :e!r or n ! au?or _h ?is int5tion1 or to agree ) ! au?or's int5tion2 ! public acquires ?is "r aga9/ ! editor 7to p]=m some?+7 by ! law only4 ,= he possesses ! manuscript only on ! condition to use x = ! purpose ( a bus9ess ( ! au?or's ) ! public2 b ?is obligation t[>ds ! public rema9s1 ?\gh t t[>ds ! au?or has ceas$ by 8 dea?4 ,"h ! argum5t is n built ^u a "r ( ! public to ! manuscript1 b ^u a bus9ess ) ! au?or4 ,%\ld ! editor give out ! au?or's "w1 aft] 8 dea?1 mutilat$ or falsifi$1 or let ! necess>y numb] ( copies = ! dem& be want+2 ! public w\ld ?us be entitl$ to =ce him to m ju/ness or to augm5t ! publication1 b o!rwise to provide = ?is else:]e4 ,all ( :i* w\ld n be legally ju/ifiable1 7 ! editor's "r n d$uc$ f ! legal concept t ! editor is transact+ a bus9ess betwe5 ! au?or & ! public 9 ! "n ( ! au?or4 ,h[ev]1 to ?is obligation ( ! editor's1 :i* w probably be grant$1 a correspond+ "r exi/s1 namely1 ! "r to all t1 )\t :i* ! editor's obligation c\ld n be fulfill$4 ,?is is3 t he ex]cises ! "r ( publication exclusively1 because ! rivalry ( o!rs 9 8 bus9ess w\ld r5d] ! transaction ( x practically impossible = him4 ,works ( art1 z ?+s1 may1 on ! o!r h&1 be imitat$ or o!rwise model$1 at w1 f a copy ( !m :i* 0 rightfully acquir$1 & ^? imitations may be publicly sold1 )\t requir+ ! cons5t ( ! au?or ( ! orig9al or ( ! ma/] :o sup]vis$ ! arti/ 9 develop+ ! arti/'s ideas4 ,a draw+1 :i* anyone has drawn1 or _h engrav$ by ano!r1 or execut$ 9 /one1 metal1 or /ucco1 may be copi$1 & ! copies publicly sold2 z ev]y?+1 t "o c p]=m ) 8 ?+ 9 8 own "n1 does n require ! cons5t ( ano!r4 ,lipp]t's ,dactyliotec may be imitat$ by e possessor ( x :o und]/&s x1 & expos$ to sale1 & ! inv5tor ( x has no "r to compla9 ( encroa*m5t on 8 bus9ess4 ,= x is a "w 7an opus1 n an op]a2 ^! t]ms are mutually exclusive7 :i* ev]ybody :o possesses x may1 )\t ev5 m5tion+ ! "n ( ! inv5tor1 assume title ov] x1 & also imitate x & use x 9 public trade1 9 8 own "n1 z 8 own4 ,b ! writ+ ( ano!r is ! spee* ( a p]son 7op]a72 & :oev] publi%es x c speak to ! public only 9 ! "n ( ?is o!r1 & say no?+ m ( himself ?an t ! au?or makes ! foll[+ spee* to ! public ?r\gh him 7,imp5sis ,bibliopola74 ,= x is a contradiction1 to make 9 8 own "n a spee* :i* he kn[s1 & con=mably to ! dem& ( ! public1 mu/ be ! spee* ( ano!r4 ,! reason :y all works ( art ( o!rs may be imitat$ = public sale1 b books1 to :i* an editor is designat$1 d>e n be c\nt]feit$1 lies 9 ?is3 t artworks are works 7op]a71 b books are acts 7op]ae72 artworks may be z ?+s exi/+ = !mselves1 b books c h _! exi/5ce only 9 a p]son4 ,consequ5tly1 books belong to ! p]son ( ! au?or exclusively299999999 & ! au?or has an inali5able "r 7jus p]sonalissimum7 always to speak himself ?r\gh e o!r1 t is1 nobody d>es make ! same spee* to ! public except 9 ! au?or's "n4 99999999,footnote3 ,! au?or1 & ! own] ( ! copy1 may bo? say ( x ) equal "r3 ,x is my book6 ,h[ev]1 ea* w\ld say ?is 9 a diff]5t s5se4 ,! au?or takes ! book z a writ+ or a spee*2 ! own] int]prets ! book z be+ ! mute in/rum5t m]ely ( ! deliv]+ ( ! spee* to him or to ! public1 t is1 z a copy4 ,! au?or does n h own]%ip rights ov] ! ?+1 namely1 ! copy ( ! book 7= ! own] may burn t copy be=e ! au?or's face72 in/ead1 ! au?or has an innate "r1 9 ! au?or's own p]son1 to wit1 to h9d] ano!r f read+ ! copy to ! public )\t ! au?or's cons5t1 :i* cons5t c by no means be presum$1 because ! au?or may h already giv5 x exclusively to ano!r editor4 ,b :ile alt]+ 7abridg+1 augm5t+ or ret\*+7 ! book ( ano!r1 su* z to re-"w ! book into :at is sub/antially a new book1 su* t x w\ld be wrong to publi% ! new book 9 ! "n ( ! au?or ( ! orig9al book1 ! ret\*+ ( a book1 9 ! prop] "n ( ! publi%]1 is no c\nt]feit1 & !re=e is n prohibit$4 ,= "h1 ano!r au?or transacts1 via 8 editor1 ano!r bus9ess transaction t is diff]5t f ! initial bus9ess transaction transact$ by ! initial au?or1 & consequ5tly does n intrude ^u ! initial au?or's initial bus9ess transaction ) ! public2 he repres5ts n t au?or1 z speak+ ?r\gh him1 b ano!r4 ,simil>ly1 ,i believe t ! unau?oriz$ translation ( an au?or's "w into ano!r language _c be consid]$ to be a c\nt]feit2 = ! translat$ book is n ! same spee* ( ! au?or1 ?\gh ! ?\ghts may be exactly ! same4 ,if ! idea ( a copyright1 or ( ! publication ( books 9 g5]al1 t 7 demon/rat$ 9 ?is essay1 7 well-und]/ood1 & precisely elaborat$ 7:i*1 flatt]+ myself1 ,i ?9k is possible71 ) a =mality t 0 at ! level ( ,roman juridical le>n+1 a compla9t aga9/ a c\nt]feit] might be br\ght be=e a c\rt1 )\t fir/ ne$+ to ask = a new law to /ructure ! due process proce$+s t w\ld gov]n su* a lawsuit aga9/ a c\nt]feit]4