,transcrib]'s note3 ,sup]scripts are indicat$ by ! c>et "*1 z 9 ,,xviie & #ao4 ,italic text is indicat$ by und]scores2 boldface text is indicat$ by equals signs4 ,,loyola4 ,! ,great ,educators ,,edit$ ,,by ,,ni*olas ,,murray ,,butl] ,,loyola ,,& ,,! ,,educational ,,sy/em ,,( ,,! ,,jesuits ,,by ,,! ,,rev]5d ,,?omas ,,hughes ,,( ,,! ,,society ,,( ,,jesus ,,new ,,york ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons #ahib ,,copyright1 #ahib1 ,,by ,,*>les ,,scribn]',s ,,sons4 ,,preface4 ,9 ! foll[+ "w on ! ,educational ,sy/em ( ! ,jesuits1 ,i h endeavor$ to pres5t a critical /atem5t ( ! pr9ciples & me?od adopt$ 9 ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,! ef=t to expla9 ! s\rces1 process ( developm5t1 & pres5t influ5ce ( ! sy/em )9 & )\t ! ,ord]1 has made ( ! fir/ "p a biographical & hi/orical sket*1 hav+ = its *ief subject ! p]son ( ! ,f\nd]2 :ile ! details & ! p$agogical significance ( ! v>i\s elem5ts 9 ! me?od appe>1 9 ! second "p1 z a critical analysis ( ! ,ratio ,/udiorum4 ,! educational lit]ature :i* treats ( ?is sy/em is v ext5sive4 ,v>i\s e/imates & conclusions h be5 arriv$ at1 on ! m]its ( docum5ts frequ5tly ref]r$ to1 = an exposition ( ! mean+ & philosophy ( ! sy/em4 ,h5ce1 ) ! view ( facilitat+ a cle> & compreh5sive judgm5t on ! subject1 ,i h ?\ght x n inadvisable to quote accurately f su* docum5ts1 omitt+ none :i* bore ^u ! matt]1 if only !y 7 )9 rea*4 ,x s happ5s t1 at pres5t1 a l>ge numb] ( ! s\rces1 regulations1 & comm5t>ies1 h]et(ore r>e & altoge!r out ( rea*1 h be5 r5d]$ easy ( access1 be+ embodi$ 9 ! great "w1 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 :i* is already beyond its t5? volume4 ,?ree ( ! volumes s f> issu$ are ^u ! ,jesuit ,sy/em2 !y h be5 compil$ by ! late ,rev4 ,g4 ,m4 ,pa*tl]1 ,s4 ,j4 ,if ! ?ree or f\r volumes1 :i* /ill rema9 to be issu$ by ! ,rev4 ,b]n>d ,duhr1 ,s4 ,j41 _h be5 available1 !y too c\ld h be5 laid "u contribution = examples & illu/rations4 ,b p]haps ! !me w appe> suffici5tly illu/rat$ z x is4 ,besides ! orig9al docum5ts1 ,i h us$ no less au!ntic an expon5t ?an t :i* ! maxim ( law approves3 ,consuetudo1 optima legis int]pres1 ,cu/om1 :i* is ! be/ int]pret] ( law4 ,:ile all t is olde/ & mo/ au!ntic has ?us be5 made use ( 9 expla9+ ! ,ratio ,/udiorum1 ! actual condition ( p$agogics to-day is new1 & s is ! /ate ( ! "q involv$4 ,h5ce1 to satisfy ! requirem5ts ( ! pres5t1 ref]5ce has be5 made n exclusively ei!r to ! cu/oms or ! le>n$ docum5ts ( a =m] age4 ,9 a ^w1 ! object aim$ at has be5 to indicate ! *ief traits :i* are *>act]i/ic ( ! sy/em1 & :i* may be sugge/ive 9 ! developm5t ( p$agogical sci5ce4 ,:e!r su* an object has be5 atta9$1 s z to meet _m que/ions :i* may possibly arise1 & to satisfy ! desire :i* actually exi/s1 x w be = o!rs to decide4 ,,?omas ,,hughes1 ,s4 ,j4 ,,/4 ,,l\is ,,univ]sity4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,preface v ,,"p ,i4 ,,educational ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,ord]4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introduction #c ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,knight1 ,,pilgrim1 ,,& ,,s*ol> #ai ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,p>is4 ,,rome #cj ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,colleges ,,z ,,propos$ ,,9 ,,! ,,jesuit ,,con/itution #eb ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,colleges ,,f\nd$ ,,& ,,end[$ #fh ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,intellectual ,,scope ,,& ,,me?od ,,propos$ #hb ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,moral ,,scope ,,propos$ #ih ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,ignatius ,,adm9i/]+ ,,! ,,collegiate ,,sy/em4 ,,8 ,,dea? #aji ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,subsequ5t ,,adm9i/rations #abd ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,analysis ,,( ,,! ,,sy/em ,,( ,,/udies4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,aquaviva4 ,,! ,,ratio ,,/udiorum #ada ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,=mation ( ! ,ma/]4 ,,8 ,,c\rses ,,( ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,philosophy #aef ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,y\?ful ,,ma/]s #age ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,c\rses ,,( ,,div9ity ,,& ,,alli$ ,,sci5ces4 ,,private ,,/udy4 ,,repetition #aia ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,disputation4 ,,dictation #bjh ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,=mation ( ! ,s*ol>4 ,,symmetry ,,( ,,! ,,c\rses4 ,,! ,,prelection4 ,,books #bbe ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,classical ,,lit]atures4 ,,s*ool ,,managem5t ,,& ,,control #bdh ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,exam9ations ,,& ,,graduation4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,grades ,,& ,,c\rses #bei ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,conclusion #bhe ,,bibliographical ,,app5dix #big ,,"p ,i4 ,,educational ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,ord] ,,loyola ,,& ,,! ,,educational ,,sy/em ,,( ,,! ,,jesuits ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,introduction4 ,a le>n$ & elegant "w1 :i* n>rates ! rise & progress ( ,*ri/ian ,s*ools1 f ! sixtie? ye> ( ! ,*ri/ian era onw>ds1 ends its long j\rney at ! date ( ! ,re=mation1 & takes leave ( its v>i$ subject1 & ( its l9es ( ,*ri/ian ,s*ol>s1 9 ^! words3 ,we leave !m at ! mom5t :5 ! episcopacy 0 recov]+ its anci5t jurisdiction ov] ! ecclesia/ical sem9>ies1 & :5 a va/ majority ( ! secul> s*ools ( ,ca?olic ,*ri/5dom 7 pass+ into ! h&s ( a great ,religi\s ,ord]1 rais$ up1 z x w\ld seem1 ) ! special design ( consolidat+ anew a sy/em ( ,*ri/ian education4#a ,two c5turies & a half lat]1 :5 ! ,society ( ,jesus _h run a long c\rse1 f ! date ( ! ,re=mation :i* _h se5 x rise1 up to ! eve ( ! ,revolution :i* beheld x ext9ct1 a ,g5]al ( ! ,ord]1 ,ignatius ,visconti1 address+ ! ,prov9cial ,sup]iors ov] ! _w1 takes note ( a new /age 9 ! process ( educational developm5t3 ,! ta/e = lett]s n[1 he says1 is m ke5 & exquisite1 & ! numb] ( lit]>y s*ools has increas$ s mu*1 t ours may no long] appe> s necess>y4 ,= ,i may m5tion ! fact t1 besides our s*ools ( polite lett]s1 !re 71 = a long :ile1 ei!r none or v few4 ,s t p>5ts 7 =c$ to s5d _! *ildr5 to u1 ev5 if o!rwise !y did n want x4#b ,?is ref]s 9 a quiet way to :at ,leopold von ,ranke /ates ) m emphasis4 ,speak+ ( ,gramm> classes1 ! ,g]man hi/orian says3 ,"h also ! ,jesuits succe$$ to admiration4 ,x 0 f\nd t "y p ga9$ m ) !m 9 six mon?s1 ?an ) o!r tea*]s 9 two ye>s4 ,ev5 ,prote/ants remov$ _! *ildr5 f di/ant gymnasia to confide !m to ! c>e ( ! ,jesuits4#c ,ranke n>rates 9 ! same place h[ x 0 t[>d ! univ]sities above all t ! ef=ts ( ! ,jesuits 7 direct$4 ,& he describes :at ! results 7 9 ,g]many4 ,d',alemb]t writes ( _! progress 9 ,france3 ,h>dly _h ! ,company ( ,jesus begun to %[ itself 9 ,france1 ?an x met ) difficulties )\t numb]1 9 ! endeavor to e/abli% itself4 ,! univ]sities especially made ! greate/ ef=ts to keep ! new-com]s out4 ,x is difficult to decide :e!r ?is opposition is a praise or a condemnation ( ! ,jesuits :o /ood x4 ,!y ann\nc$ gratuit\s tea*+2 !y c\nt$ among _! numb] celebrat$ & le>n$ m51 sup]ior p]haps to ^? :om ! univ]sities c\ld boa/ (1 etc4#d ,speak+ ( ! ,prote/ants 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 a *ronicle1 :i* reviews ! fir/ c5tury ( ! ,ord]'s exi/5ce1 records t ! ,jesuit s*ools 7 expressly int]dict$1 "u sev]e p5alties1 to all memb]s ( ! ,prote/ant communities4 ,ev5 9 a twelve-ye> truce :i* ! ,ord] p>tially enjoy$1 a mon?ly f9e ( "o hundr$ flor9s 0 /ill impos$ ^u all del9qu5ts1 or on _! p>5ts1 :o p]si/$ 9 patroniz+ ! ,jesuit s*ools4 ,to escape ! f9e1 p>5ts s5t _! *ildr5 "u an assum$ "n4#e ,9 e c\ntry1 ! same drama ( /ruggle & conte/ evolv$ itself ?r\gh two & a half c5turies1 till a mom5t\s sc5e 0 witness$4 ,x 0 a sc5e ( su* a k9d z seldom has occurr$ 9 hi/ory2 & nev] c]ta9ly 0 any simil> ev5t ?r[n into su* relief by ! sequel4 ,! ev5t :i* ,i ref] to 0 a univ]sal & in/antane\s suppression ( ! ,ord]2 ) consequ5ces foll[+ !reupon :i* 7 exceptional1 bo? 9 ! _w t witness$ x1 & 9 ! subject-body t suff]$ x4 ,! sequel 9 ! _w at l>ge 0 t1 a few ye>s lat]1 at ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 !re broke out ! great ,revolution "u ! lead]%ip ( m51 ( :om sc>cely "o _h be5 m ?an sev5 ye>s ( age at ! date ( ! ,jesuits' expulsion4#f ,!y repres5t$ 9 ,france ! fir/ g5]ation :i* _h n be5 educat$ by ! ,society4 ,! remote causes :i* ov]:elm$ ! ,ord] 7 ! same t u%]$ 9 ! ,revolution4 ,b1 among ! imm$iate causes1 assign$ by hi/orians to acc\nt = ! precise =m :i* ! great convulsion assum$1 & = ! date at :i* x occurr$1 is plac$ ! dissolution ( ?is ,ord]4 ,accord+ to ! ,c\nt de ,mai/re1 :o speaks ( ! political s5tim5t ( 8 own times1 all obs]v]s agre$ t ! revolution ( ,europe1 /ill call$ ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 0 impossible )\t ! prelim9>y de/ruction ( ! ,jesuits4 ,&1 9 keep+ ) ?is1 x 0 equally a subject ( obs]vation1 z be+ a palpable hi/orical fact1 t dur+ two c5turies ! ,jesuits _h =m$ 9 _! ,college at ,p>is1 ! lite ( ! ,fr5* nobility2 & t1 only a few ye>s aft] ! expulsion ( ! ,jesuit ,ma/]s1 ! same college turn$ out ! ,robespi]res1 ,camille ,desm\l9s1 ,talli51 ,nol1 ,frron1 ,*ni]1 & o!r su* demagogues4 ,?is ,college ( ,cl]mont1 or ,l\is-le-,gr&1 f :i* ! ,jesuits 7 expell$ 9 #agfb1 _h be5 imm$iately occupi$ by ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is4 ,! ,revolution broke out tw5ty-sev5 ye>s lat]4 ,ano!r sequel1 n he>d ( be=e 9 hi/ory1 affect$ ! ,society itself4 ,europe1 hav+ gone ?r\gh ! viol5t commotions :i* *ang$ ! old ord] ( ?+s into ! new1 rea*$ ! beg9n+ ( ?is n9ete5? c5tury1 & f\nd ! ,society alive aga94 ,?is 0 9 defiance ( a political maxim1 :i* we may admit ) ,b>on von ,hbn]1 t 9 politics1 9 ! affairs ( /ates1 9 ! life ( all great social in/itutions1 :5 once dea? sup]v5es1 !re is no resurrection4 ,& n[1 at ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ! same =ces ( repulsion & attraction1 ( devot$ love on ! "p ( fri5ds1 ( int5se hatr$ on ! "p ( enemies1 h be5 se5 op]at+ z always be=e4 ,x has become a commonplace 9 ! philosophy ( hi/ory1--?is hatr$ :i* has be5 sworn aga9/ ! ,ord] ( ,jesus1 & ! multitude ( enemies :om x has made4 ,"o explanation sugge/s itself to ! ,visc\nt de ,bonald1--! pres5ce 9 x1 he ?9ks1 ( some?+ good2 ( t good :i*1 z x alone is ! object ( ! mo/ ard5t love1 c alone become ! object ( ! int5se/ hate2 & !re=e has always made p]secutors & m>tyrs4 ,! purpose ( ?is book is to give an hi/orical sket*1 ) a proportionate analysis1 ( ! educational developm5t effect$ ?r\gh ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,o!rs h tak5 diff]5t fields ( ,jesuit hi/ory to survey1 ei!r g5]al & compreh5d+ all ! pa?s ( ext]nal & int]nal activity1 or p>ticul> & compris+ only p>ts ( ! hi/ory4 ,"s ( ^! p>ticul> views1 especially 9 lat] ye>s1 are 9 ! l9e ( /udies1 & are mo/ valuable contributions to ! hi/ory ( p$agogic developm5t4 ,none ( !m1 h[ev]1 happ5s to co9cide ) ! scope1 purpose1 & =m :i* h be5 designat$ = ?is2 z ! ,s]ies to :i* x belongs1 ! ,editor 9 *>ge1 & ! c\ntry = :i* x is int5d$1 suffici5tly indicate4 ,! subject !n is ! educational sy/em ( ! ,jesuits1 t sy/em :i* te*nically is call$ ! ,ratio ,/udiorum4 ,x requires no lit]>y nor hi/orical +5uity to c5tre all t has to be said ab\t x 9 ! p]sonality & "* ( ,/4 ,ignatius ( ,loyola4 ,i %all draw ^u ,jesuit s\rces ( in=mation1 except :5 x w be necess>y to /ate results1 or give e/imates1 :i* imply comm5dation4 ,!n ,i %all quote freely f s\rces outside ( ! ,ord]4 ,o!rwise1 = ! purpose ( expla9+ & analyz+ dome/ic matt]s1 ^! extrane\s ref]5ces w\ld be imp]fect inde$4 ,! situation1 :i* met ! milit>y view ( ! cavali]1 lately ! knightly capta9 ( ,loyola1 0 a new "o1 on an old field ( battle4 ,! dem&1 :i* x seem$ to make ^u tactical res\rces1 0 z int5se z ! political & religi\s crisis :i* creat$ ! situation4 ,f ! ye> #aebb till #aedj1 :ile ,ignatius 0 prospect+ ! sc5e 9 ,europe1 & prep>+ to take an active "p 9 x1 he _h "t & ! opportunities = obs]v+1 :at precisely1 at t epo*1 7 ! accumulat$ results ( all ! ,*ri/ian ages gone be=e2 & :y ! results j !n 7 only :at !y 74 ,! issue appe>$ fatally det]m9$ by social conditions ar\nd1 :i* m ?an neutraliz$ ! ,*ri/ianity visible4 ,education1 9 p>ticul>1 0 labor+ "u ! action ( causes1 :i* _h begun to op]ate sev]al c5turies e>li]1 & :i* 7 !n evid5tly work+ !mselves out to "o f9al ef=t4 ,t 0 ! und]m9+ ( ,*ri/ian education4 ,9 ?is respect1 x 0 ! same "q :i* _h confront$ ! ,augu/9es1 ! ,basils1 & ,j]omes1 ( "o ?\s& ye>s be=e4 ,b x 0 a diff]5t /ate ( ! "q4 ,augu/9e1 ! brilliant y\? ( ,hippo ,regius 9 ,africa1 w s]ve z an in/ance ( :at ! issue !n _h be54 ,he _h made himself ma/] ( ! v be/ results1 :i* ! public s*ools ( ! "t 7 able to accompli% 9 ! mo/ gift$ ( m9ds4 ,b he _h lo/ 8 virtue4 ,he liv$ to compla9 ) bitt]ness1 t x 0 acc\nt$ a griev\s error to pron\nce homo a man1 )\t ! h1 b x 0 no error at all to hate a man1 signifi$ by ! ^w1 homo4 ,! consequ5ce ) him 0 t1 :5 he became a ,bi%op ( ! ,*ur*1 he met ! ne$ ( provid+ a ,*ri/ian education1 by in/itut+ 9 8 own h\se a k9d ( s*ool1 = ! moral & spiritual education ( 8 cl]gy4 ,?us arose ! ca!dral or canonical s*ool4 ,s too1 ! cloi/ral s*ools came to fl\ri% 9 ! abbeys & ! mona/]ies4 ,&1 ev5 if ^! two k9ds ( educational c5tres _h n also be51 z !y really 71 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 ! preorda9$ means = ! salvation ( le>n+ 9 ,europe1 !y w\ld /ill h _h reason en\gh = _! exi/5ce1 9 ! p>am\nt necessity ( cont9u+1 = ! t5d] age ( y\?1 ! m9i/ry ( a virtu\s education4 ,ev5ts took a new turn ) ! rise & progress ( ! univ]sity sy/em4 ,at fir/1 ! univ]sities 7 mo/ly annex$ to ca!dral *ur*es4 ,z !y develop$1 ! cloi/ral influ5ce wan$4 ,& aga91 z !y develop$ /ill m1 !y pres5t$ ph5om5a :i* orig9at$ ! subsequ5t sy/em ( ! ,jesuits4 ,f ! twelf? to ! sixte5? c5turies1 z _m z sixty-six ( ^! univ]sities 7 9 exi/5ce2 sixte5 ( !m are cr$it$ to ,g]many2 ab\t z _m to ,france2 & ! re/ to ,italy1 ,spa91 & o!r nations4 ,x is n )9 my prov9ce to describe _! =mation1 or ! ord] ( _! f\ndation4 ,!y receiv$ _! *>t]s f ! ,popes1 :o us$ _! p[] ?us1 & %[$ x "u a =m1 :i* no age w be apt to depreciate2 lea/ ( all1 our own4 ,address+ ^! habitations ( ,g5]al ,/udies ) ! appellative1 ,univ]sitas ,ve/ra1 ! ,sov]eign ,pontiffs s5t !m on _! c\rse1 & enc\rag$ !m 9 e l9e ( ,!ology1 ,law1 or ,m$ic9e2 :e!r all ^! l9es 7 foll[$ 9 ea* c5tre1 or respectively "s "h1 "s !re4 ,orleans1 ,b\rges1 ,bologna1 ,mod5a pr(ess$ ,law1 ei!r z _! specialty1 or z _! di/+ui%+ faculty2 ,montpelli]1 ,sal]no1 ,m$ic9e2 ,padua1 ! ,lib]al ,arts2 ,tol$o1 ,ma!matics2 ,salamanca1 &1 above all1 ,p>is1 g5]al culture1 ,philosophy1 & ,!ology4 ,^! univ]sities became su* well-spr+s ( le>n+1 t = ,!ology ! ,bi%ops' sem9>ies practically ceas$ to exi/2 &1 to acquire ! g5]al culture ( ! times1 ! *ildr5 ( ! fai?ful no long] turn$ to ! mona/ic s*ools4 ,nay1 9 q a contr>y s5se1 ! cl]gy & ! monks !mselves1 9 pursuit ( ! be/ le>n+ t ! age c\ld give1 left _! cloi/]s = a :ile1 & betook !mselves to ! univ]sities4 ,!y foll[$ up t /ep by settl+ d[n !re4 ,p>is beheld ! great old ord]s ( ,augu/9ians1 ,b5$ict9es1 ,c>?usians1 ! ,c>melites1 ! ,b]n>d9es1 all e/abli%+ mona/]ies or colleges2 no o!rwise ?an ! newe/ ord] ( ,tr9it>ians1 :i* 0 *iefly made up ( univ]sity m54 ,two in/itutes arose1 ^? ( ! ,dom9icans & ,franciscans2 :o ) m5 at _! head1 l ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as & ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 plac$ !mselves "r 9 ! he>t ( ^! intellectual c5tres2 & !y became bulw>ks ( s\nd le>n+1 z oppos$ to ! inanities ( a false s*ola/icism4 ,!y kept ! leav5 ( religion & virtue 9 ! mid/ ( :at 0 n q a p]v]se g5]ation1 b 0 mo/ c]ta9ly1 f :atev] side we view x1 a v dubi\s multitude1 belong+1 x is true1 to a ,*ri/ian g5]ation4 ,consid] ! #aj1jjj at ,bologna1 :i* 0 ! c5tre = ,law /udies2 ! #cj1jjj at ,ox=d2 or ! #dj1jjj1 all at "o "t /udy+1 or reckon$ to be /udy+1 9 ,p>is1 ! ackn[l$g$ c5tre = ,!ology4 ,an indiscrim9ate mass ( humanity l ?is1 press$1 ?rong$1 & cr[d$ toge!r1 /imulat$ ) all ! ardor1 & alive ) all ! passions ( y\?1 c\ld n fail to be little bett] ?an a nurs]y = indiscrim9ate lic5se4 ,:atev] might be ! vigilance ( ! ,*ur*1 or h[ev] /r5u\s ! ex]cise ( legitimate au?ority1 no?+ 9 ! usual c\rse ( human society c\ld prev5t its becom+ a prolific soil = ! propagation ( e species ( error4 ,&1 z dur+ ?ree hundr$ ye>s ! intellectual & educational p[]s ( ,europe foll[$ ?is c\rse1 ! law ( evolution ass]t$ itself 9 _m directions4 ,on ! "o side1 ^? t5s ( ?\s&s ( ,*ri/ian y\?s1 :o 7 aim+ at all ! po/s ( influ5ce 9 ,*ur* & ,/ate1 & :o1 ent]+ _! native univ]sity1 or j\rney+ to =eign ones1 began life !re at z e>ly an age z twelve or f\rte5 ye>s1 to rema9 9 ?is environm5t "s n9e or twelve ye>s m1 became1 z 0 natural1 ! liv+1 sw>m+ memb]s ( a /ate ( society s dissolute1 t successive occupants ( ! ,papal ,see depict$ ! condition ( ?+s z "o ( moral contagion4 ,9 ! mann] ( ?\ght & m9d :i* prevail$1 no =m ( !oretic error 0 want+4 ,9 philosophy1 !re 0 scepticism2 9 !ology1 h]esy2 :ile1 9 politics1 ,cs>ism & absolutism became rife4 ,!n1 at ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ! ,r5aissance came2 & "o ( ! fir/ ?+s1 :i* x expressly & =mally did1 0 to r5ew 9 life1 art1 & politics1 ! same old paganism1 ^u ! ru9s ( :i*1 s _m c5turies be=e1 ,*ri/ianity _h begun its upw>d & labori\s asc5t4 ,newly fa%ion+ !n mu* ( :at 0 old1 ,*ri/ianity _h augm5t$ all ?is ) s mu* :i* 0 new1 t 9 a ?\s& ye>s x _h made a ,r5aissance possible4 ,& n[ ! =m ( ?is ,r5aissance ?reat5$ its own asc5dancy 9 morals & 9 life4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! old _s ( cons]vatism 9 religion1 & ( pres]vation 9 ! matt] ( morals1 ma9ta9$ itself = a "t1 ?r\gh ^? bodies ( religi\s m5 & cl]gym51 :o _h left ! cloi/] or ! sem9>y1 to take up _! abode 9 ! secul> seats ( le>n+4 ,x 0 ?is _s :i* orig9at$ ! late/ & be/ developm5t ( ! univ]sities1 t ( ! college sy/em1 e/abli%$ 9 _! mid/4 ,salamanca _h tw5ty colleges2 ,l\va91 =ty2 ,p>is1 fifty4 ,/ill1 9 ! f9al issue1 !re 0 n[ sc>cely any res]ve =ce ( cloi/ral or episcopal le>n+ beh9d ! univ]sities1 & outside ( !m4 ,& ! religi\s & ! cl]gy !mselves1 :o at be/ 7 n a little out ( _! elem5t f ! mom5t !y migrat$ into ! secul> environm5t1 con=m$ ins5sibly to ! conditions 9 :i* !y f\nd !mselves1 & s f> ceas$ to be ! p[] !y _h be54 ,witness1 9 ! "t ( ,ignatius1 ! ,p>is ,univ]sity1 z describ$ by contempor>y records4 ,x 0 fall5 f its anci5t spl5dor4 ,! bonds ( discipl9e _h be5 gradually relax$2 /udies 7 ab&on$2 & ) ma/]s1 z ) s*ol>s1 all love ( lett]s1 & respect = ! rule1 _h giv5 place to sombre passions1 to political hate1 to religi\s fanaticism & dissolute habits4#g ,"h !n we h two elem5ts 9 ! educational condition ( ,europe1 :i* expla9 ! rise ( ! ,jesuit sy/em4 ,"o 0 ! positive1 concrete fact1 embodi$ 9 t great develop$ sy/em ( univ]sity le>n+4 ,! o!r 0 a negative elem5t1 ! decl9e !re9 ( ! ess5tial moral life4 ,^! two factors are n m]e antec$5ts 9 ! ord] ( "t1 z be+ only prior to ! me?od ( ,loyola4 ,"o ( !m1 ! univ]sity sy/em1 suppli$ ! v mat]ial out ( :i* 8 me?od & matt] 7 tak52 yes1 & ! m5 !mselves1 ! ,jesuits :o appli$ ! pr9ciples ( re=m to education4 ,! o!r factor1 :i* ,i h call$ negative1 t decl9e ( ! ess5tial moral life1 0 ! adequate occasion1 :i* prompt$ ,ignatius to approa* ! "q ( education at all4 ,= we may say ) confid5ce t1 if ! univ]sities ( ! sixte5? c5tury 7 /ill do+ ! "w :i* orig9ally !y _h be5 *>t]$ to d1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,society ( ,jesus w\ld n only h omitt$ to draw out 8 sy/em z a sub/itute = !m1 & z an improvem5t ^u !m1 b he w\ld h done1 :at he always did ) any?+ good 9 exi/5ce2 he w\ld h us$ :at he f\nd1 & h turn$ 8 att5tion to o!r ?+s m urg5t4 ,he did use ^! univ]sity c5tres = 8 own "y m51 until he _h bett] educational in/itutions1 & a bett] me?od ( 8 own 9 progress4 ,h5ce ! educational problem1 :5 x falls "u ! notice ( ,ignatius1 pres5ts itself z ! id5tical "o ( old1 t ( moral reg5]ation4 ,b x is a diff]5t /ate ( ! same "q4 ,9 circum/ances r5d]$ acutely critical by ! agitations ( ! epo*1 social1 moral1 & religi\s1 x 0 a favorite contemplation ( 8 to look ) compassion on m5 liv+ l ! bl9d1 dy+1 & s9k+ into et]nal dep?s2 on m5 talk+1 blasphem+1 revil+ "o ano!r2 on _! assault+1 w\nd+1 slay+ "o ano!r2 & all toge!r go+ to et]nal p]dition4#h ,x 0 f ?is moral po9t ( view t he desc5d$ into ! ar5a ( education4 ,b be=e he c tea* m51 or m\ld tea*]s ( m51 or ev5 conceive ! fir/ idea ( legislat+ = ! intellectual _w1 he mu/ himself fir/ le>n4 ,!re are two fundam5tal lessons :i* he does le>n1 & !y g to =m him4 ,"o is t1 among all pursuits1 ! /udy ( virtue is supreme2 ! o!r1 t1 supreme z virtue is1 yet1 )\t secul> le>n+1 ! highe/ virtue goes un>m$1 & at be/ is pr(itable to oneself alone4 ,he le>ns ^! two lessons1 n only 9 !ory1 b 9 practice4 ,to accompli% ! purpose ( ! latt]1 he takes 8 seat ^u ! s*ol>s' b5*1 & beg9s to le>n ) little *ildr54 ,?\gh he may n meet ) brilliant success 9 ! art ( le>n+1 /ill 9 ! art ( und]/&+ :at le>n+ is1 & 9 ! lessons ( exp]i5ce1 he becomes a f9i%$ s*ol>4 ,he rema9s ev5 !n too mu* ( a *evali] to give up a *]i%$ idea ( 8 ab\t a spiritual crusade 9 ! ,ea/4 ,& x is only :5 ?w>t$ 9 ?is project t1 l a true knight1 he simply turns to ano!r side ( ! field4 ,he /ays 9 ! ,we/4 ,he is /ill ! ,capta9 ( a ,company4 ,b he becomes also a legislator among doctors2 &1 amid 8 o!r works1 he effects an educational re=m4 ,9 8 :ole campaign1 we may disc]n two *>act]i/ics 9 ! _s ( 8 movem5ts4 ,"o is t ( def5ce1 ! o!r t ( advance4 ,8 me?od ( def5ce %[$ itself 9 ! reass]tion ( old pr9ciples1 9 ! cons]vatism ( morals1--a plan ( campaign1 :i* det]m9es ! :ole frame ( m9d1 & ! social con/ruction ( ! ,company4 ,x re/s on ! pr9ciple ( uphold+ :at is1 & n mov+ ! anci5t l&m>ks4 ,on ! o!r h&1 8 advance is t[>ds ! solution ( ! highe/ que/ions :i* c int]e/ mank9d4 ,^! =m$ "p ( ! v object & direction ( ! ,ord]'s m>*4 ,& s x came to pass1 t 8 ,company drew to itself t class ( m9ds :i* are mo/ p[]fully arre/$ by ! prospect ( solv+ su* que/ions1 especially :5 times are agitat$4 ,8 times 7 agitat$1 if any ev] 71 m s ?an our own1 :5 ! same que/ions /ill mu/ dom9ate4 ,8 7 times ( w>s ) ,turks 9 ! ,ea/1 & ) ,*ri/ians at home2 ( battles lo/ & won1 ) _! effects rea*+ into e h\sehold2 ( royal & imp]ial adm9i/rations confus$ & ov]?r[n2 ( new op9ions )\t numb]2 ( ! ,*ur* los+ gr\nd along ! :ole l9e ( ! fronti]1 & )al new worlds loom+ ov] an horizon1 :]e f ! beg9n+ ( "t ! unkn[n _h brood$ 9 absolute d>kness4 ,at su* a mom5t1 ,def5ce & ,advance1 or z ! ,papal au?ority express$ x 9 ! solemn in/rum5t :i* *>t]$ 8 ,in/itute1 ,def5sio ac propagatio fidei1 7 /irr+ wat*words to m5 ( p>ts1 :o felt re/ive "u ! inactivity & ineffici5cy ( old] me?ods1 on old] l9es4 ,i w n pause to say1 t ! p]sonal pov]ty & exact ob$i5ce1 requir$ 9 ! new s]vice1 pres5t$ no ob/acles to ! m9ds & *>act]s :i* 7 o!rwise attract$ to 8 /&>d4 ,! antec$5ts ( all antiquity seem to %[ t su* conditions1 to su* m9ds1 are r an inducem5t ?an a *eck4 ,& if "o takes notice t to ?is 0 add$1 9 ! ,ord] ( ,jesus1 an absolute equality1 :]eby e =m$ memb] b9ds himself to accept no dignity )9 or )\t1 or1 at lea/1 to affect no dignity at home or abroad1 :i* w prejudice 8 full fran*ise z a memb]1 !n1 p]haps1 ! attractiv5ess ( su* a life1 ! cons]vatism & int5se conc5tration ( ! ,ord]1 z well z ! alacrity & endurance manife/$ 9 ! s]vice1 w n appe> inexplicable to ! m9ds ( ?is age1 9 :i*1 "u a v diff]5t =m1 ! same equality is call$ lib]ty1 is made to con/ruct republics1 to br+ d[n mon>*ies1 & develop "s ( ! mo/ pot5t ag5cies = unfold+ ! en]gies ( m54 ,yet ! lib]ty ( ?is latt] equality reflects b fa9tly1 & z f a brok5 surface1 ! fre$om ( him1 :o hav+ lib]at$ himself f ! %ackles ( ! _w1 & f all solicitude z to 8 movem5ts1 (fice1 & place1 f9ds 9 turn1 z ! ,g]man hi/orian expresses x1 8 own p]sonal developm5t impos$ ^u him2#i &1 9 ! firm companion%ip ( "o aim1 =mation1 & life1 enjoys ! manifold support & ready sympa?y ( individualities z develop$ z 8 own4 ,i %all n>rate1 9 ! fir/ "p1 ! facts ( ,ignatius' c>e]1 s f> z to indicate ! /ages ( t magi/]ial art1 by :i* he himself 0 =m$1 & :i* !n he re=m$ 9 ! ,jesuit ,ratio ,/udiorum4 ,9 ! second "p1 ,i %all sket* briefly ! hi/ory ( ! ,ratio itself1 & analyze ! ,sy/em z a !ory & practice ( education4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,knight1 ,,pilgrim1 ,,& ,,s*ol>4 ,! /ory ( ! cavali] w\nd$ on ! ramp>ts ( ,pampeluna has (t5 be5 told4 ,loyola 0 n at ! mom5t gov]nor ( ! city1 nor 9 any responsible *>ge4 ,b (ficial responsibility 0 n necess>y = him to see ! pa? ( duty & foll[ x4 ,z "o b\nd to ! s]vice ( 8 sov]eign by ! title ( honor & nobility1 he retir$ to ! citadel1 :5 ! t[n surr5d]$2 & !n1 :5 ! ramp>ts began to give way "u ! cannonad+1 he /ood 9 ! brea*4 ,a ball %att]+ ! rock laid him l[1 maim$ 9 bo? 8 limbs4 ,at once ! def5ce collaps$4 ,c>$ = *ivalr\sly by ^? ^: arms _h /ruck him d[n 9 battle1 he 0 transport$ ) e delicate att5tion to 8 ca/le ( ,loyola4 ,x 0 f\nd t "o ( 8 limbs _h be5 ill set4 ,he _h x brok5 aga91 to be set aright4 ,mean:ile1 in/9ct ) all ! ambition ( a knight1 belong+ to a *ivalr\s nation 9 an age ( *ivalry1 he 0 n ins5sible to ! *>ms ( society & affection4 ,&1 out ( a s5sitive c>e = 8 p]sonal appe>ance1 he mu/ ne$s h a protrud+ bone1 :i* /ill ?reat5$ to m> 8 figure1 saw$ (f :ile he look$ on4 ,9 ! lonel9ess & t$ium ( a sick-room1 he :il$ away ! h\rs by dream+ ( 8 ambitions & 8 aspirations1 & he s\ght to fe$ !m ) suitable n\ri%m5t4 ,he want$ a romance to read4 ,!re 0 none to be _h4 ,s1 in/ead ( ! novel :i* 0 n =?com+1 he took :at !y gave him1 ! ,life ( ,*ri/1 & ! ,lives ( "s :o _h s]v$ ,*ri/ fai?fully4 ,! soldi] ( ! field & ( blood felt ! objects ( 8 ambition *ange2 he became a soldi] ( ! _s & et]nal life4 ,&1 aft] ! exp]i5ces ( 8 b$ ( pa91 & ! protract$ commun+s ) ano!r _w1 he arose ano!r man2 he w5t =? a knight z ev]1 b n on an exp$ition t]m9at+ z be=e4 ,an ev5+ & night sp5t 9 ! sanctu>y ( ,monts]rat1 z once be=e he _h pass$ a vigil ( arms1 :5 dubb$ a *evali] by ! ,k+ ( ,nav>re2 a morn+ begun ) ! ,holy ,sacrifice att5d$ & ,holy ,communion receiv$1 op5$ to him a new era2 & he w5t =?1 b\nd n[ by a new oa? ( fealty to ! s]vice ( ! ,k+ ( ,heav54 ,at ! side ( ! alt> 9 ?is sanctu>y ( ,monts]rat1 ! ,abbot ( ! mona/]y1 eighty-"o ye>s lat]1 committ$ to a m>ble tablet ! record ( ?is ev5t1 = ! p]petual memory ( ! future3 ,bless$ ,ignatius ( ,loyola "h1 ) _m pray]s & te>s1 devot$ himself to ,god & ! ,virg94 ,"h1 z ) spiritual arms1 he =tifi$ himself 9 sack-clo?1 & sp5t ! vigil ( ! night4 ,h5ce he w5t =? to f\nd ! ,society ( ,jesus1 9 ! ye> ,,mdxxii4 ,he fir/ look$ ab\t him to f9d a retreat1 & imm]se himself 9 ! contemplation ( "t & et]nity4 ,x 0 a ,saturday4 ,john ,sacri/a ,pascual tells u t 8 "m1 a dev\t lady ( ,manresa1 0 9 ! *ur* t morn+2 &1 accompani$ by two "y m5 & ?ree wom51 %e 0 at h] devotions 9 ! *apel ( ! ,apo/les4 ,a "y /rang] came up & acco/$ !m4 ,8 clo?+ 0 ( v common s]ge2 = ,ignatius _h giv5 away 8 knightly robes to a poor man4 ,! y\? look$ l a pilgrim4 ,he 0 n tall2 he 0 fair 9 complexion & ruddy 9 *eek4 ,8 b>e head 0 some:at bald4 ,altoge!r he 0 ( a f9e & grave pres5ce1 & mo/ res]v$ 9 look4 ,he sc>cely rais$ 8 eyes f ! gr\nd4 ,com+ up1 he ask$ if !re 7 a hospital any:]e :i* might s]ve him = %elt]4 ,reg>d+ 8 noble & fair features1 ! lady1 z became a ,*ri/ian woman1 (f]$ h] s]vices2 if he w\ld foll[ h] company1 %e w\ld provide = him1 9 ! be/ way possible4 ,c\rte\sly & ?ankfully he accept$ h] (f]1 & foll[$ ! p>ty z !y left ! sanctu>y4 ,!y proce$$ sl[ly2 = !y notic$ t he 0 lame4 ,h[ev] mu* !y urg$ him1 !y c\ld n induce him to ride ^u ! ass4 ,?ree leagues away f ,monts]rat1 !y arriv$ at ! little t[n ( ,manresa2 & he took up 8 resid5ce 9 ! common hospital = ! poor & pilgrims4 ,:atev] alms or food 0 h5ce=? s5t him fir/ w5t to o!rs1 :om1 9 ^! matt]s1 up to ! end ( 8 life1 he always consid]$ to be m 9 ne$ ?an himself4 ,he n[ ent]$ on 8 probation ( ,*ri/ian virtue4 ,9 ! m9d ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ! degree ( virtue :i* he practis$ is t acc\nt$ h]oic4 ,z x is n = me to dwell on x "h1 ,i w pass x ov] ) "o rem>k4 ,t :i* is acc\nt$ ord9>y ,*ri/ian virtue1 re/+ z x does on fai? & hope1 on pr9ciples n b>ely natural b sup]natural1 is n v intelligible to ! _w at l>ge4 ,/ill less ! h]oic degree ( ! same4 ,bo? h[ev] claim to be e/imat$ by _! own prop] motives & pr9ciples4 ,:5 !y ent] into ! v subject1 :i* ! biograph] means to treat1 x app]ta9s to 8 art n to ignore ! objective motives & reasons ( ?+s1 z !y op]at$ 9 8 subject4 ,9 ! %orte/ monograph1 l ! pres5t1 we _c sep>ate f ! "w1 :i* he did1 ! man :o did x4 ,& ! man is made by 8 motives4 ,x 7 bad lit]>y art to describe feats1 :i* are confess$ly great1 & n to f9d motives :i* are proportionate4 ,ignatius1 aft] a ye> m or less sp5t at ,manresa1 took 8 pilgrim's /aff & j\rney$ on foot to ,italy1 & !nce to ! ,holy ,l&4 ,x 0 9 ! _s ( ! old ,crusad]s1 ^: *ivalry _h a *>m = him up to ! day _m ye>s lat]1 :51 ) 8 fir/ associates ( ! ,company1 he endeavor$ once m to cross ov] f ,italy to ,pale/9e4 ,_h he succe$$ on ?is lat] occasion1 he w\ld mo/ probably nev] h kn[n ! o!rs :o atta*$ !mselves to him2 nor might hi/ory h busi$ itself ) him or ) !m4 ,at ! date ( 8 return f ! ,holy ,l&1 we f9d t he has advanc$ already to ! second lesson 9 ! developm5t ( 8 future4 ,x is1 t mature 9 ye>s z he is1 & full ( desires = do+ good to 8 neighbors1 yet nei!r does m]e piety place 9 8 h&s ! in/rum5ts = su* "w2 nor1 if /udy alone c give ! means ( apo/olic zeal1 c he consid] himself exempt f ! law1 t he mu/ labor to acquire :at are only ! results ( labor4 ,he 0 ?irty-"o ye>s ( age1 :5 he betook himself1 aft] 8 night's vigil1 to ! cave ( ,manresa4 ,he is two ye>s old] n[4 ,s1 at ! age ( ?irty-?ree1 he sits d[n on ! s*ool-b5* at ,b>celona1 & beg9s 8 ,lat9 decl5sions4 ,begrudg+ 8 /udies ! "t :i* !y dem& exclusively1 he mi/akes ! situation1 & all[s himself ! ex]cises ( an apo/olic life4 ,at 8 age1 ev5 suppos+ 8 e>li] pursuits to h be5 m 9 h>mony ) 8 pres5t life ( lett]s1 he is n an apt pupil4 ,h[ev]1 he labors consci5ti\sly4 ,aft] two ye>s sp5t at ,gramm>1 he is judg$ by 8 tea*]1 :o takes a l5i5t view ( ! case1 to be compet5t = approa*+ 8 high] /udies4 ,he himself 0 dubi\s4 ,8 fri5ds recomm5d$ him to asc5d4 ,he /ill hesitat$4 ,b1 receiv+ ! same favorable op9ion f a !ologian :om he consult$1 ,ignatius acquiesc$1 9 accordance ) 8 unv>y+ rule1 to foll[ compet5t direction4 ,h[ un=tunate ?is /ep 0 = ! happy progress ( 8 /udies1 b h[ advantage\s = 8 exp]i5ce z a future legislator1 ,i %all proce$ to %[4 ,leav+ ,b>celona = ,alcal1 he meant to enjoy ! be/ advantages :i* a great univ]sity c\ld af=d4 ,he liv$ on alms z ev]2 & o!rs liv$ on ! alms :i* he receiv$4 ,x 0 ! ye> #afbf4 ,he ent]$ ^u ! /udy ( ,logic1 us+ ! ,summa ( ,di ,soto2 also ! ,physics ( ,ari/otle2 & he pursu$ besides ! ,ma/] ( ,s5t5ces4 ,he _h /ay$ only a ye> & a half 9 ?is ri* v>iety ( pursuits1 s*ola/ic z well z apo/olic1 :5 ! novelties app>5t 9 8 mann] ( life end$ by mak+ him a suspect$ "* to ! ecclesia/ical au?orities4 ,to a few1 among ! population ( ! city1 8 fruitful zeal made him di/9ctly odi\s4 ,! result 0 a juridical process aga9/ him1 :i* issu$ 9 a complim5t>y v]dict1 ! ,vic> ( ! diocese pron\nc+ him & 8 companions q blameless4 ,b re/rictions 7 impos$ reg>d+ 8 future m9i/rations1 s9ce ,ignatius 0 n yet 9 holy ord]s4 ,dur+ a t]m ( f\r ye>s he 0 n to prea*4 ,aft] t "t1 8 progress 9 /udies w\ld enable him to honor t important m9i/ry1 )\t giv+ (f5ce4 ,?is 0 a dea?bl[ to ! aspirations ( ! /ud5t4 ,he made up 8 m9d to g else:]e1 to ! fam\s univ]sity ( ,salamanca2 & he turn$ 8 back on ,alcal4 ,! "t 0 soon to come = a pleasant rev5ge2 & app>5tly he knew ( x long be=e x came4 ,j six ye>s aft] ! f\ndation ( 8 ,ord]1 :5 he s5t ,francis ,villanova to op5 a h\se at ,alcal1 n only did he f9d m5 ( ! univ]sity embrac+ 8 ,in/itute1 b1 two ye>s aft] t1 ! :ilom p]secut$ pilgrim receiv$1 9 a s+le twelvemon?1 ?irty-f\r ,doctors into ! ,society1 all f t "o seat ( le>n+4 ,! m]e pass+ by ( ,francis ,borgia1 ,duke ( ,g&ia1 :o _h become an humble foll[] ( ,ignatius1 made ! *oice/ spirits flock to 8 /&>d2 &1 all ov] ,spa91 colleges sprang up z if f ! soil4 ,9 ,salamanca1 :]e likewise he & 8 7 to figure 9 ! future1 ! p]sonal hi/ory ( ,ignatius is briefly told4 ,9 t5 or twelve days aft] 8 arrival1 he 0 ?r[n into *a9s4 ,he sp5t tw5ty-two days 9 prison4 ,:5 releas$1 ) ! same comm5dation = himself & 8 doctr9e z he _h receiv$ at ,alcal1 b ) a simil> re/riction on 8 action1 he ?\ght x 0 n wor? 8 :ile to repeat ! same exp]i5ces at ! same co/4 ,s1 9 spite ( all ! eloqu5ce ( dissuasion br\ght to be> on him by fri5ds1 he took a new dep>ture1 :i* seem$ plausible to him1 & !re=e feasible4 ,he w\ld try 8 =tunes 9 ano!r l&1 & cont9ue 8 /udies 9 ! greate/ philosophical & !ological c5tre ( ! _w1 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is4 ,to any "o :o judg$ ( ?+s by an ord9>y /&>d1 ! project 0 n feasible4 ,w> 0 rag+ betwe5 ,spa9 & ,france2 ! roads 7 infe/$ ) ho/ile soldi]y2 _m murd]s & robb]ies1 committ$ on ! p]sons ( travell]s1 7 rec5tly report$4 ,b ^! & o!r consid]ations ( ! k9d _h no weight ) ,loyola1 to /ay him 9 a c\rse once delib]ately adopt$4 ,accept+ "s alms f fri5ds at ,b>celona1 to obta9 on ! way ! necess>ies ( life1 he accompli%$ on foot ! :ole j\rney f ,b>celona to ! ,fr5* capital2 :]e he arriv$ at ! beg9n+ ( ,febru>y1 ,a4,d4 #aebh4 ,he has n[ _h exp]i5ce ( prisons & *a9s1 on ! *>ge ( tea*+ error1 or ( be+ a dang]\s en?usia/4 ,"o ( ! calme/ & coole/ ( m51 :o nev] act$1 b he fir/ calculat$1 & :o nev] all[$ himself to approa* a conclusion1 )\t fir/ free+ himself f all bias & impulse1 he _h suff]$ repeat$ arre/ = sett+ p beside !mselves1 = mov+ !m to give up all !y _h 9 behalf ( piety1 or *>ity1 & induc+ !m to g & live on alms !mselves2 nay1 p]haps ?r[ 9 _! lives1 tal5ts & acquirem5ts1 to s]ve o!rs gratis4 ,! f\nd] ( ! ,jesuits1 himself ! fir/ ( an ,ord] :i* has ! reputation ( be+ ! /aun*e/ uphold]1 z well ( au?ority 9 e rank ( society1 z ( ! tru?s taught by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 0 put 9 *a9s1 or arraign$ by ! ecclesia/ical au?orities almo/ :]ev] he appe>$1 ?\gh always acquitt$ z blameless4 ,9 a lett] writt5 at a subsequ5t p]iod ( 8 life to ,k+ ,john ,,iii ( ,portugal1 ,ignatius sums up 8 exp]i5ces1 z includ+ two imprisonm5ts1 at ,alcal & ,salamanca2 ?ree judicial inve/igations1 at ,alcal1 ,salamanca1 & ,p>is2 lat] on1 ano!r process at ,p>is2 !n "o at ,v5ice2 f9ally ano!r at ,rome2--eight inve/igations ab\t ?is "o man 9 ,spa91 ,france1 & ,italy4#aj ,:]ev] he came1 9 aft] life1 x pass$ z a prov]b among ! ,fa!rs1 t 8 appe>ance 0 ! sure h>b+] ( a /orm1 soon to break out aga9/ !m some:]e1 9 ! social or religi\s _w4 ,he brav$ all ?is fury 9 8 own mann]1 weigh+ z delib]ately e ^w he spoke1 & measur+ e /ep he took1 z :5 he _h /ood 9 ! brea* ( ! ramp>ts at ,pampeluna4 ,b 8 p]sonal exp]i5ce made him commit to ! sacr$ keep+ ( ! ,spiritual ,ex]cises an important pr9ciple ( lib]al & humane prud5ce4 ,x is c\*$ 9 ! fir/ words ( 8 little book1 to guide tea*] & le>n] alike4 ,he says3-- ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is to be suppos$ t e pi\s ,*ri/ian man %\ld be m ready to int]pret any obscure proposition ( ano!r 9 a good r ?an a bad s5se4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he _c def5d ! proposition 9 any way1 let him inquire ( ! speak] himself2 &1 if !n ! speak] is f\nd to be mi/ak5 9 s5tim5t or und]/&+1 let him correct ! same k9dly4 ,if ?is is n en\gh1 let him employ all available means to r5d] him s\nd 9 pr9ciple & secure f error4 ,h[ f> ! p]sonal exp]i5ces ( its f\nd] atta*$ by a law ( h]itage to 8 ,ord]1 ,i c h>dly und]take to describe4 ,b1 j = ! sake ( complet+ ! family picture1 ,i w m5tion ! heads ( a doleful li/1 :i* an hi/orian ( ! ,society catalogues4 ,he enum]ates1 z objects ( attack & misrepres5tation1 ! f\nd] himself1 ! "n ( ! ,society ( ,jesus1 ! dress1 rules1 mann]s1 books1 doctr9e1 s*ools1 s]mons2 ! pov]ty1 ob$i5ce1 gratuit\s s]vice ( ! ,jesuits2 t !y affect$ a k9d ( lit]>y empire1 "u ! spur ( an intol]able ambition2 t !y 7 lightly t9ctur$1 & _h j sipp$ ( _m ?+s1 ( :i* !y _h no?+ solid to (f]2 yes1 t !y want$ to h x believ$ !re 0 no sanctu>y ( ! ,muses1 no %r9e ( sacr$ or human wisdom 9 exi/5ce1 outside ( _! own colleges2 t1 f ^! (fices ( !irs1 all arts & sci5ces came =?1 done up 9 ! be/ /yle4 ,9 f9e1 :atev] !y d or don't d1 grant$ t !re are _m false *>ges :i* _! enemies concoct aga9/ !m1--?+s too extreme to be believ$1--grant$ t !y are acquitt$ ( _m vices laid to _! acc\nt1 nev] c]ta9ly w !y escape ! suspicion1 at lea/1 :i* ^! *>ges excite4#aa ,we believe x4 ,!re is a good homely ,engli% prov]b :i* expresses ! v same idea--ab\t ! happy adhesiv5ess ( a clayey comp\nd :5 clev]ly ?r[n4 ,?is retrospect ( hi/ory 0 tak51 exactly "o hundr$ ye>s aft] ! f\ndation ( ! ,ord]4 ,! /ory _h begun "s ?irte5 ye>s be=e x 0 f\nd$4 ,:5 ,ignatius became a responsible lead] ) associates1 he _h rec\rse m ?an once to ! process ( ju/ice1 to cle> 8 reputation 9 full =m4 ,b1 beyond ! cases :i* r5d]$ su* def5ce prud5t & necess>y1 8 practical policy 0 express$ 9 a practical maxim1 :i* aft] him 8 successor1 ,james ,laynez1 _h (t5 9 8 m\?3 ,deus faxit ne unquam male loquantur et v]a dicant6 ,god grant !y nev] talk ill ( me & be say+ ! tru?6 ,inde$1 z !re is no use 9 try+ to *ange m51 = !y w nev] be born anew1 ,ignatius look$ r 9 ano!r direction = ! solution ( difficulties2 expect+ t tr\bles1 :i* defi$ o!r treatm5t1 might /ill n survive _! au?ors4 ,speak+ ( a p[]ful adv]s>y1 :o 0 rais+ a great /orm at ,tol$o & ,alcal1 & :om x took ! royal c\ncil & !n a brief f ! ,pope to quell1 ,ignatius said ( him to ,ribad5eira3 ,he is old1 ! ,society is "y2 naturally ! ,society w live long] ?an he w4 ,! same dignit>y1 suppress$ ?\gh he 01 rose aga9 9 viol5t opposition4 ,:]eupon ,j\vancy makes ! apt rem>k3 ,s difficult is x = ev5 ! mo/ em95t m51 & s r>e a ?+1 :5 once !y h conceiv$ a notion1 to get x out ( _! heads aga96#ab ,no1 m5 are n born anew4 ,x is "t n[ to contemplate ,ignatius ( ,loyola at ,p>is1 :]e "s ( ! mo/ preci\s elem5ts 9 8 educational exp]i5ce are to be acquir$4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,p>is4 ,,rome4 ,volunt>y pov]ty1 ! au/]e/ mann] ( life1 ! ungrateful labor ( /udies1 & ! p]petual self-discipl9e ( a m9d l 81 ev] b5t on l(ty ?\ghts & endeavor+ to dom9ate ! v fir/ movem5ts ( 8 s\l1 all ^! conditions1 add$ to ! climate & ! nature ( ! situation 9 :i* ,ignatius f\nd himself at ,p>is1 br\ght su* a /ra9 to be> on 8 brok5-d[n con/itution1 t1 to keep up 8 c\rse at all1 he _h to int]rupt x a:ile1 & give "s relief to 8 ov]tax$ body1 or1 z he held x to be1 8 bea/ ( burd54 ,& :at ab\t ! /udies !mselves8 ,if !y _h be5 a brilliant success ?us f>1 !y c\ld sc>cely h outliv$ su* conditions ( exi/5ce4 ,z x 01 !y 7 z good z if !y _h nev] begun2 or some:at worse4 ,he _h gone ab\t !m ! wrong way4 ,:atev] solidity ( le>n+ he _h kept objectively 9 view1 some?+ else1 equally important ) solidity1 _h be5 unwitt+ly omitt$4 ,t 0 a good me?od4 ,logic1 ,philosophy1 & ,!ology1 all tak5 up toge!r1 & ) su* comp5di\s ha/e1 n[ w5t toge!r 9 8 m9d l a ma*9e out ( jo9t2 & 8 spe$ 0 nil6 ,! ,lat9 language itself1 ! indisp5sable vehicle ( all le>n+1 0 j s f> possess$ by him z to %[ him t1 to be ( any real use1 x _h bett] be comm5c$ all ov] aga94 ,"h 8 "* ass]t$ itself4 ,& 9 no p>ticul> ( 8 life is he m l himself1 m ?or\gh1 m ( a brave cavali]1 gov]n+ himself1 9 great ?+s & small1 by reasons mo/ high1 ?an :51 hav+ little facility = su* pursuits1 & less incl9ation1 he makes up 8 m9d1 aft] a %ort brea?+ spell1 to sit d[n aga9 at ! age ( ?irty-sev5 ye>s1 & resume 8 ,lat9 decl5sions6 ,9 ! college ( ,montague1 he sp5ds ab\t two ye>s acquir+ ?is tongue4 ,mean:ile1 he tries v>i\s plans to f9d :]e)al to live4 ,i ne$ n dwell on ! nature ( ?is great c5tre into :i* ,ignatius _h p5etrat$1 an unkn[n /rang]1 j "o ( its t5s ( ?\s&s ( s*ol>s4 ,x _h m ?an two scores ( colleges4 ,to ?is1 ! que5 ( univ]sities1 ?\gh %e 0 go+ to be no k9d alma mat] to him & 8 ,ord]1 /ill ! recollections ( ,loyola 9 8 future legislation w\ld always turn back ) rev]5ce4 ,8 fir/ ,pr(essors = ! ,roman ,college1 ! typical in/itution ( ! ,society1 w\ld be tak5 f ^? ( 8 m5 :o 7 ,doctors ( ?is univ]sity4 ,&1 :atev] might be ! moral condition & ! religi\s lassitude ( ! univ]sity m51 z comp>$ ) ?is p5niless /rang]1 9 #aebi1 occasions 7 to come 9 aft] times1 :5 !y %[$ !mselves n unwor?y ( ! enemy :om !y f\ght to ! dea?4 ,:5 ! plague ( #aehj made a des]t ab\t !m1 ! univ]sity m5 & ! ,jesuits1 o!rwise nev] se5 toge!r1 save 9 ! li/s & face to face1 n[ 7 ev]y:]e1 & fell fa/1 side by side on ! field ( ,*ri/ian *>ity4 ,= ! und]/&+ ( ! ,jesuit sy/em1 9 its orig9 & its =m1 att5tion mu/ always be paid1 9 ! fir/ place1 to ! k9%ip subsi/+ betwe5 x & ! ,p>is ,univ]sity4 ,!re are1 besides1 _m o!r degrees ( relation%ip1 :i* d n g unackn[l$g$1 9 ! =mation ( ! ,ratio ,/udiorum4 ,! sy/em ( ! ,engli% univ]sities may be recogniz$ 9 ! l9e ( ance/ry4 ,:atev] 0 be/ any:]e ent]s ! p$igree2 z ,"l ,bacon takes note1 :5 deliv]+ himself l a good philosoph]1 b also l a good ,prote/ant1 he eulogizes & /igmatizes 9 ! same brea?3 ,! anci5t wisdom ( ! be/ times1 he says1 did always make a j compla9t1 t /ates 7 too busy ) _! laws1 & too neglig5t 9 po9t ( education2 :i* excell5t "p ( ! anci5t discipl9e ha? be5 9 "s sort reviv$1 ( late times1 by ! colleges ( ! ,jesuits2 ( :om1 al?\gh 9 reg>d ( _! sup]/ition ,i may say1 'quo meliores1 eo det]iores'2 yet 9 reg>d ( ?is1 & "s o!r po9ts conc]n+ human le>n+ & moral matt]s1 ,i may say1 z ,agesilaus said to 8 enemy ,ph>nabaus1 ',talis quum sis1 ut9am no/] esses4'#ac ,9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 !n1 z 8 real alma mat]1 ,ignatius comm5c$ 8 c\rse ( ,philosophy 9 ! ye> #aebi4 ,he f9i%$ x by /&+ successfully ! sev]e exam9ation1 call$ exam5 lapideum1 ! rocky te/1 consid]$ ! mo/ se>*+ ( all 9 ! ,p>is ,academy4 ,he ?us became a ,ma/] ( ,arts1 aft] ,ea/]1 ,a4,d4 #aecd2 hav+ become ,lic5tiate 9 ! previ\s ye>4 ,p>ticul>s ab\t 8 f\r exam9]s 9 ! rocky te/1 8 graduation1 ! degrees ( 8 companions1 ) ! dates1 z f\nd 9 ! ,p>is records1 are giv5 by ! ,boll&i/s4#ad ,he n[ ent]$ on 8 !ological /udies4 ,x 0 evid5t t ! ob/ructions1 :i* _h ?w>t$ s _m ( 8 ef=ts h]et(ore1 7 disappe>+ "o by "o4 ,& m ?an t2 ! means 7 be+ plac$ 9 8 h&s = ! great "w be=e him4 ,^! means 7 a company ( m54 ,he 0 9 ! mid/ ( a devot$ little b&1 ea* "o ( :om he _h won individually4 ,!y 7 ,pet] ,lefvre & ,francis ,xavi]2 ,james ,la9ez & ,alphonsus ,salm]on1 bo? ( !m m]e y\?s2 !re 7 ,claude ,le ,jay1 ,john ,coduri1 ,ni*olas ,bobadilla1 ,simon ,rodriguez2 & la/ly1 ! only "o :o at ?is "t 0 a ,prie/ among _! numb]1 ,pasqui] ,br\et4 ,among ^!1 nev] at _! head ?\gh consid]$ a fa!r by all1 nev] lead+ ! way1 ?\gh on t acc\nt %[+ himself ! m effectively a lead]1 ,ignatius 0 all 9 all to ea* "o ( !m4 ,he _h previ\sly acquir$ "s valuable exp]i5ce 9 select+ & =m+ companions4 ,b su* z _h ga!r$ r\nd him 9 ,spa9 7 no long] ) him4 ,ea* "o ( 8 pres5t p>ty 0 a pick$ man4 ,:5 six ( !m 7 suffici5tly advanc$1 he & !y held a solemnity1 :i* 0 ! real bir?day ( ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,on ! fifte5? day ( ,augu/1 #aecd1 !y took a v[1 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,bless$ ,virg91 at ,montm>tre 9 ,p>is4 ,!y b\nd !mselves to r5\nce all _! goods by a giv5 date1 & betake !mselves to ! ,holy ,l&2 fail+ 9 t1 !y w\ld ?r[ !mselves at ! feet ( ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 & (f] him _! absolute s]vice4 ,mean:ile !y pursu$ _! /udies2 &1 z ea* ( ! two foll[+ ye>s br\ght r\nd ! fifte5? day ( ,augu/1 x f\nd !m 9 ! same place1 & ) ! same solemnity1 & ) an enl>g$ numb]1 r5ew+ ?is v[4 ,! legal bir?day ( ! ,ord] came only ) ! ,papal *>t] on ,septemb] #bg1 #aedj4 ,i %all pass ov] ! movem5ts ( ,loyola1 :5 bidd5 to g & recup]ate 9 8 native climate4 ,he return$ to ,spa91 9 #aece1 leav+ 8 companions to /udy till #aecg2 & he settl$ ! affairs ( 8 "y ,spani% associates at _! homes4 ,all1 :5 ! "t came1 dispos$ ( _! goods 9 a summ>y way4 ,!y gave to ! poor1 res]v+ no?+1 except :at w\ld pay _! way to ,v5ice1 & !nce to ! ,ea/4 ,_! pr9ciple 01 ,disp]sit1 d$it paup]ibus1 ,he ha? di/ribut$1 he ha? giv5 to ! poor4 ,besides ?is1 ,xavi]1 at ! date appo9t$1 gave up ! la/ /age ( 8 !ological /udies1 & resign$ ! glory ( receiv+ ! ,doctor's cap 9 ,p>is2 ! brilliant "y ,pr(essor sacrific$ ! "o ?+ :i* _h appeal$ mo/ p[]fully to 8 ambition & imag9ation4 ,laynez 0 recup]at+ f a sev]e illness1 & c\ld d sc>cely m ?an move4 ,nev]!less !y are all 9 ,v5ice1 :5 ! e>ly spr+ ( #aecg arrives4 ,ignatius himself1 meet+ !m !re1 has accompli%$ ! "w :i* fac$ him ?irte5 ye>s be=e1 & :i* he _h tak5 9 h& ) 8 ,lat9 gramm>4 ,he is n[ =ty-six ye>s ( age4 ,!re are ?ree l9es ( activity1 9 :i* ! ability & en]gy ( ,ignatius ,loyola /& out be=e ! _w4 ,"o is ! capacity he %[$ z a gov]nor or lead] ( m52 ano!r is a simil> compet5cy to direct s\ls 9 ! spiritual life2 ! ?ird is t1 :i* we are consid]+ at pres5t1 8 legislative g5ius 9 ! intellectual ord]4 ,admitt+ ! innate tal5t :i* mu/ h be5 ! basis & f\ndation ( 8 gift = gov]n+1 we may affirm ( all ! re/1 t ! be/ "p ( 8 sagacity & tact _h be5 acquir$ by p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,he le>nt h[ to act by suff]+4 ,he p]fect$ 8 natural gift ( guid+ & comm&+ by fir/ submitt+ to all ! cont+5cies ( human life4 ,we may develop ! mean+ ( ?is 9 ! pres5t matt]1 p$agogy2 & ! mean+ ( x w help to unfold ! subject4 ,9 que/ ( ! necess>ies ( life1 he sp5t int]vals ( 8 /udi\s c>e] 9 travell+ f ,p>is to a great di/ance4 ,he f\nd himself return+ ea* ye> to ,belgium1 always on foot3 he visit$ ,r\51 & ev5 rea*$ ,london1 to address ! ,spani% m]*ants !re4 ,x does n seem to h be5 p>simony on _! side t kept him 9 su* /rait5$ circum/ances4 ,x 0 8 pr9ciples :i* 7 n all 9 keep+ ) 8 conditions ( life4 ,he 0 endeavor+ to comb9e ! life ( a /ud5t ) absolute pov]ty2 & he aggravat$ ! inconv5i5ces ( su* a /ate ( dep5d5ce by plac+ no limits to ! ex]cise ( 8 *>ity4 ,x 0 8 delib]ate *oice2 = he f$ 8 m9d cont9u\sly ^u ! life & example ( ! ,k+1 to :om he _h sworn 8 s]vice1 ,*ri/ poor & 9 labor f 8 y\?4 ,he spoke aft]w>ds f ! wisdom ( exp]i5ce1 :5 he said1 t 9 absolute p5ury ! pursuit ( sci5ce _c easily subsi/1 & ! culture ( ! m9d is imp$$ by ! duties ( provid+ = ! body4 ,h5ce he legislat$ t1 ?\gh pov]ty 0 to be ! basis ( 8 ,in/itute1 /ill ! memb]s1 z long z !y 7 engag$ 9 /udies1 %\ld be set free f all c>e ( seek+ ! means ( subsi/5ce4 ,he _h endeavor$ to comb9e a life ( apo/olic m9i/rations1 ?\gh n yet a ,prie/1 ) t requisite absorption ( m9d1 :i* alone c w>rant s*ola/ic success4 ,& he saw :at x _h come to4 ,! v e/eem & love1 :i* he ent]ta9$ = ! ex]cises ( ! high] spiritual life1 int]rupt$ ) intrusive ?\ghts t application to /udy1 :i* 0 ! duty 9 h&4 ,9 ord] t no su* intrusion ( ev5 ! mo/ sacr$ pursuits %\ld ob/ruct ! onw>d progress ( ! memb]s 9 le>n+1 he def9$ by rule ! measure ( su* occupations1 z long z /udy 0 ! ma9 duty4 ,diseases weak5$ him4 ,!re=e he took ! greate/ pa9s to protect ! heal? ( ! memb]s4 ,:ile he liv$1 he did ?is ) a p]sonal & pat]nal solicitude4 ,9 8 ,in/itute1 he provid$ ! same = ! future4 ,on comm5c+ 8 /udies1 he embrac$ _m bran*es at ! same "t2 & he _h suff]$ all ! consequ5ces ( disord]4 ,grasp+ at too _m ?+s1 he lo/ all2 & he _h !n to retrieve all ) loss ( "t4 ,to obviate any recurr5ce ( su* co/ly exp]i5ces1 he provid$ t ! c\rses foll[$ 9 ! ,society %\ld h no?+ disord]$ 9 !m1 no?+ mutilat$ or curtail$2 ev]y?+ 0 to be 9 me?od & sy/em2 until1 sy/em & me?od hav+ be5 c>ri$ out 9 e l9e1 & ! special good ( ea* dep>tm5t hav+ be5 secur$ suffici5tly = ! g5]al plan1 specializ$ p]fection %\ld be consult$1 aft] all t2 & ?is 0 to be ! appo9t$ life ( individuals1 :ile a r\nd$ & complete education rema9$ ! culture ( all4 ,once 9 lat] ye>s he let fall ^! words1 relative to 8 e>ly exp]i5ce3 ,he w\ld v mu* "q :e!r ano!r b himself1 hav+ to /ruggle ) s _m difficulties & ob/acles 9 ! c\rse ( 8 /udies1 w\ld h giv5 s long a "t to ! acquisition ( ! sci5ces4#ae ,?us !n 0 he oppress$ ) pov]ty1 )\t ! satisfaction ( act+ "u ord]s2 suff]+ s _m diseases1 & yet look+ nei!r to honor1 dignity1 nor o!r human rew>d1 su* z is wont to draw m5 on1 & animate !m "u fatigue2 f9d+ no pleasure nor satisfaction 9 ! life ( /udies1 an inducem5t :i* is s great an alleviation to mortals 9 ! "w be=e !m4 ,&1 9 all ^! respects1 he 0 q unlike ! v m5 :om he s+l$ out1 & enli/$ 9 ! new s]vice ( devotion2 unlike ,francis ,xavi]1 :o _h se5 ) p]fect indiff]5ce all 8 bro!rs take to _! ance/ral pr(ession ( arms1 or to a c\rti]'s life1 :ile he himself1 ) ! :ole =ce ( an ambiti\s s\l1 ran on successfully & brilliantly 9 8 *os5 c>e]1 z a ,pr(essor2 unlike ,laynez & ,salm]on1 ^: extraord9>y gifts _h made !m ,doctors ( ,philosophy & ,div9ity1 :ile /ill1 9 age1 little m ?an m]e y\?s2 v unlike by nature to ! g5tle make ( ,lefvre1 :o began life z a %eph]d boy1 & ev] reta9$ a pa/oral sweetness ( "*4 ,unlike all ( !m1 ,loyola1 a soldi] born & br$1 & /ill true to 8 pr(ession1 disc>d$ e consid]ation ( ta/e1 com=t1 & conv5i5ce1 9 view ( "o objective po9t to be rea*$3 ?r\gh ?irte5 ye>s he /ruggl$ t[>ds x2 &1 :5 t "t ( probation 0 ov]1 he 0 a m>k$ man4 ,accord+ to ! law1 t l attracts l1 & l begets l1 he 0 surr\nd$ by a company ( m>k$ m51 few if y c\nt _! numb]1 _m if y consid] ! type4 ,8 "n 0 widely kn[n1 & favorably s4 ,:5 he _h be5 pay+ five times ov] ! price ( 8 daily bread1 by travell+ to ,belgium1 to ,r\51 & ,london1 & collect+ !re "s ,spani% flor9s1 ! ev5t seem$ to %[ t he _h be5 b op5+ ! door1 "h & !re & ev]y:]e1 = 8 colleges & univ]sities 9 ! future2 albeit1 if !y came1 adv]s>ies came too1 9 proportion4 ,b cl\ds & /orms purify ! air4 ,:5 !y come aga91 !y w /ill leave ! air ! cle>] = _! com+4 ,if ! laws ( human conduct are consi/5t 9 "o way1 !y are consi/5t 9 ano!r4 ,! di/urbance comes1 b x does its "w & goes4 ,m4 ,cret9eau-,joly1 ! popul> ,fr5* hi/orian 9 our own times1 speak+ ( ev5ts at a lat] juncture 9 ! life ( ,loyola1 makes ! foll[+ obs]vation3 ,loyola1 he says1 c\ld apply to himself admirably well t prov]b :i* says1 ',:5 a ,spani>d is driv+ a nail into ! wall1 & 8 hamm] breaks1 ! ,spani>d w drive ! nail 9 ) 8 head6' ,loyola w\ld h 8 idea g ?r\gh at any co/4 ,we %all n[ foll[ him to ,italy & ,rome4 ,9 ! ye> #aecg1 ,rome 0 n q ! luxuri\s capital :i* _h fall5 "u ! sword ( ! ,con/able ( ,b\rbon4 ,! et]nal city1 ^: ,papal ,sov]eigns h left x on record f "t immemorial1 t 9 no "p ( ! _w 7 !y less recogniz$ z lords ?an 9 _! own city1 _h und]gone a purification1 :i* diff]$1 n sub/antially1 b only 9 its consequ5ces1 f :at 0 call$ =1 ov] half ! c\ntries ( ,europe4 ,! ri*es1 ! luxury1 ! idl5ess1 :i* else:]e result$ 9 a complete *ange ( religi\s hi/ory = _m ( ! nor!rn nations1 _h "h br\ght ab\t a cata/rophe :i* sob]$ m9ds4 ,& no long] an exclusive absorption 9 elaborate slo? prev5t$ a l>ge portion ( ! influ5tial elem5t "h f do+ honor to ! ,que5 ( ,european civilization1 by do+ good to ! _w4 ,all roads /ill l$ to ,rome4 ,!nce too all roads div]g$4 ,x 0 /ill true1 t :atev] comm&$ ?is c5tre c\ld rea* out1 if only by ! =ce ( pre/ige1 to ! utt]mo/ limits ( ! civiliz$ doma94 ,:atev] ?is v5]able s\rce ( au?ority *>t]$ to g on its way1 9 /r5g? & b5$iction1 _h reason to behold1 9 ! privilege s be/[$1 ! auspici\s op5+ ( a useful c>e]1 intellectual or moral4 ,x is s to-day1 ?\gh n 9 a temporal s5se4 ,! *>t]1 or confirmation1 or bull1 :i* conveys ! recognition ( ! ,*ur*'s ,head to a project1 a cause1 or an in/itute1 be/[s !reupon a moral p[] :i* naturally transc5ds e fran*ise 9 ! gift ( ! mo/ p[]ful gov]nm5ts4 ,comp>$ ) x1 !y are local4 ,&1 /&+ no comp>ison ) x1 "u a moral aspect1 !y d n pret5d to su* a p[] z t\*es ! inn] consci5ce ( nations4 ,:5 !re=e ,ignatius turn$ to ! great ,rome1 he 0 l ! skilful comm&] :om he describes 9 a c]ta9 place2 he 0 possess+ himself ( ! vantage-gr\nd1 tak+ ! citadel4 ,x w\ld be m correct to say1 z all hi/ory av]s1 t he meant to def5d t citadel1 ! ,see ( ,rome4 ,he _h wait$ ne>ly a ye> at ,v5ice1 to c>ry out 8 project ( voyag+ to ,j]usalem4 ,w> made t impossible4 ,n[1 9 accordance ) ! express proviso 9 _! v[1 he & 8 companions repair$ to ,rome1 & (f]$ _! s]vices to ! spiritual head ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,to w9 approbation = a new religi\s in/itute 0 no easy matt]2 !n less ?an ev]4 ,! rec5t occurr5ces 9 ! ,nor? _h be5 due to ?is1 among o!r moral causes1 t ! lat] hi/ory ( c]ta9 religi\s ord]s1 :i* c5turies be=e _h begun "o way1 latt]ly _h tak5 a novel & fatal turn4 ,/ill1 9 spite ( criticism & ho/ility1 *iefly 9 ! high places1 ,ignatius receiv$ at l5g? ! approv+ ^w ( ! ,pope2 & 8 ,in/itute 0 *>t]$ ) a bull ( confirmation4 ,h5ce=?1 ! evolution ( ev5ts belongs to g5]al hi/ory4 ,:at conc]ns u1 9 ?is *>t]+ ( ! plan & ,in/itute ( ,ignatius ,loyola1 is ! new "* x gave to education1 & ! epo* x made 9 ! intellectual hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,to expla9 ?is matt]1 we may foll[ briefly ! delib]ations :i* ! ,fa!rs held1 & 9 ! c\rse ( :i*1 among o!r conclusions1 !y came to decide ^u re/abli%+ education4 ,x 0 ! f\r? ( ,may1 #aeci1 a ye> & a half be=e _! s]vices 7 f9ally accept$ by ! ,pope4 ,su* ( ! t5 memb]s z 7 !n 9 ,rome occupi$ !mselves1 aft] ! labors ( ! day1 9 nightly delib]ations1 :i* 7 protract$ dur+ ?ree mon?s4 ,!y decre$1 among o!r ?+s1 t !y %\ld tea* boys & uncultur$ p]sons ! necess>y po9ts ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 at lea/ once a ye>1 & = a def9ite "t4 ,?is decree obvi\sly is n ab\t t second>y & sup]ior education ( y\?1 :i* is our subject2 nei!r does x conc]n prim>y education1 ( :i* !re is n[h]e "q 9 ! ,in/itute ( ! ,jesuits4 ,b1 z ! ,con/itution subsequ5tly drawn up says1 ?is "w ( *>ity1 9 ! ,div9e s]vice1 is m likely to be consign$ to oblivion1 & to pass into disuse1 ?an o!r duties m speci\s 9 _! "*1 z prea*+1 etc4#af ,tea*+ ,*ri/ian doctr9e p]ta9s to ! duty ( ^? :o h ! ord9>y c>e ( s\ls4 ,no duty ( ?is k9d1 z belong+ to ! ord9>y sph]e ( ! ,*ur*'s cl]gy1 w\ld ,ignatius assume z *>act]i/ic ( 8 own ,in/itute1 except ?is "o4 ,he 01 inde$1 m ?an ready to ?r[ 9 8 contribution ( p]sonal zeal & *>ity1 = ! fur!rance ( all k9ds ( b5evol5ce & b5efic5ce4 ,p]sonally1 at ! co/ ( untir+ activity1 he s[$1 z ,g5elli well obs]ves1 ! fir/ se$s ( ^? ameliorations 9 social life1 & ( ^? humane in/itutions1 :i* are s m>k$ a feature ( lat] ages4#ag ,he 0 an orig9al b5efactor ( humanity at ! turn+-po9t ( mod]n hi/ory1 :i* has s9ce become an era ( social organiz$ b5efic5ce4 ,urban ,,viii solemnly te/ifies1 t ,ignatius organiz$ homes = orphans1 = cate*um5s1 = unprovid$ wom52 t ! poor & ! sick1 t *ildr5 & ! ignorant & prison]s1 7 all objects ( 8 p]sonal solicitude4#ah ,^! works ( zeal & *>ity became1 9 subsequ5t ye>s1 ! specific reasons ( exi/5ce = v>i\s o!r communities1 :i* rose 9 ord] & 9 numb]4 ,b he did n adopt !m z specific 9 8 ,in/itute2 nor did he assume z *>act]i/ic any?+ )9 ! prov9ce ( ! ord9>y p>o*ial cl]gy1 except ! tea*+ ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e to boys & uncultur$ p]sons4 ,! re/ he att5d$ to1 :ile n provid$ =2 ready to drop !m1 :5 provision %\ld be made = !m4 ,b he did assume five works1 :i* 7 outside ( ! ord9>y l9es2 &1 among !m1 is ! subject ( our /udy1 ! ,education ( ,y\?4#ai ,z ! selection ( all ^! specialties = 8 ,in/itute reveal ! comm&]'s eye re/+ on a field1 :]e _m issues 7 be+ f\ght out1 s1 9 p>ticul>1 8 selection ( education z a specialty betray$ ! same ma/]ly ?\ght1 9 ! in/itutions he project$1 9 ! scope he propos$1 &1 above all1 9 ! =mation ( 8 tea*]s4 ,!re _h be51 among ! ,fa!rs delib]at+1 a diff]5ce ( op9ion1 ) respect to ,*ri/ian doctr9e4 ,bobadilla _h diss5t$ f mak+ t "w ! subject ( a special v[2 & ! o!rs def]r$ to him4 ,b !re 0 unanimity ) reg>d to e o!r topic ( delib]ation1 includ+ ?is "o1 ! education ( y\?1 hav+ colleges 9 univ]sities4#bj ,z def9$ by ,jesuit au?ors1 ! education ( y\? means ! gratuit\s tea*+ ( ,lett]s & ,sci5ce1 f almo/ ! fir/ beg9n+s ( ,gramm> up to ! culm9at+ sci5ce ( ,sacr$ ,!ology1 & t = boys & /ud5ts ( e k9d1 9 s*ools op5 to all4#ba ,evid5tly ^! univ]sity m51 :o 7 engag$ 9 draw+ up ! ,in/itute1 consid]$ t1 if ! greate/ ,pr(essor's tal5ts are well sp5t 9 ! exposition ( ! grave/ doctr9es 9 ,!ology1 ,philosophy1 & ,sci5ce1 nei!r he1 nor any "o else1 is too great to be a s*oolma/]1 a tutor1 & a fa!r1 to ! boy pass+ f *ildhood on to ! /ate ( manhood1--t boyhood :i*1 z ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria says1 furni%es ! v milk ( age1 & f :i* ! con/itution ( ! man receives its temp] & complexion4 ,x is requisite "h to obs]ve1 t !re 0 no su* ?+ 9 exi/5ce1 z ,/ate ,education4 ,two reasons may briefly be m5tion$ = ?is1 "o ( !m intr9sic to ! "q1 ! o!r an hi/orical fact4 ,! intr9sic & ess5tial reason 0 ! sacr$ "* ( education1 z be+ an orig9al function1 belong+ to ! prim>y relations ( p>5ts & *ild4 ,/ates1 or organiz$ commonweal?s1 come only 9 ! ?ird or f\r? degree ( human society4 ,x 0 mu* lat]1 9 t %ort int]val betwe5 ! ext9ction ( ! ,society ( ,jesus & ! outbur/ ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 t new !ories came to be proclaim$1 z ,la ,*alotais did op5ly proclaim !m1 ( a bald & blank deism 9 social life1 & !re=e ( secul>iz+ education4 ,betwe5 deism & secul>ization ! connection 0 reasonable4 ,=1 if ! rights ( ,god w5t by ! bo>d1 !re 0 no reason :y ! rights ( p>5ts & *ildr5 %\ld rema94 ,all alike1 ! p]sons & s\ls ( m51#bb fell back into ! condition 9 :i* ,*ri/ianity _h f\nd !m2 !y became *attels ( ! /ate1 mannik9s ( a bureau 9 peace1 food = p[d] 9 w>4 ,! o!r reason 0 an hi/orical fact4 ,= all ! purposes ( *>ity1 m]cy1 & philan?ropy1 !re 7 p[]s 9 exi/5ce1 z "p ( ! normal religi\s life ( g5]al ,*ri/ian society4 ,!y 7 ! same p[]s t _h made ,*ri/5dom1 & _h c>ri$ x on s f> z ! ,*ri/ian _w1 ! same to :i* we owe ! civilization ( to-day4 ,m ?an t4 ,z !re is n a s+le "w ( *>ity or m]cy1 say ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 :i* may n be made ! object ( an in/itution1 religi\s m5 or wom5 devot+ _! lives z a s]vice to ,god1 9 a special s]vice t[>ds _! neighbors2 s1 9 po9t ( fact1 !re 7 v few su* objects :i* _h n orig9at$ "s s]vice ( religi\s self-consecration 9 _! behalf4 ,n[1 z op]at+ on education 9 p>ticul>1 ! p[]s 9 ! _w 71 z !y _h be51 almo/ entirely cl]ical or religi\s4 ,9 ! univ]sities1 !re 7 cl]gym5 & ,religi\s4 ,all ! great in/itutions _h ! religi\s ca/ ab\t !m4 ,! old ones h x /ill4 ,traces ( x hang ab\t ,ox=d & ,cambridge4 ,! ,*ur* f\nd$ !m & sup]vis$ !m4 ,k+s protect$ !m4 ,& ! highe/ outcome ( _! s*ools 0 ,div9ity 9 its wide/ s5se2 t is to say1 ! triple k ( ,god1 & ( man z sign$ ) ! light ( ,god's c\nt5ance1 & ( nature z be>+ ! impress ( ,god's foot/ep4 ,z x 0 9 ! univ]sities1 s1 outside too1 all p$agogic influ5ce _h re/$ ) religi\s m54 ,b no "o ( all ^! religi\s p[]s 0 b\nd by its con/itution to ?is labor ( education1 :i* ,loyola n[1 =mally & expressly1 assum$ z "p ( 8 "w4 ,x is at ?is /age ( hi/ory1 t education ent]s into ! fundam5tal plan ( a ,religi\s ,ord]4 ,?is is a fact1 & an epo*1 ( prime importance 9 ,p$agogics4 ,=1 inasmu* z education ent]$ ?us into ! plan ( a ,religi\s ,ord]1 x became ! vocation ( a moral body1 :i*1 :ile incorporat$ l o!r bodies1 did n conf9e itself1 l s+le univ]sities1 to limit$ circum/ances ( place2 x 0 a body diffusive4 ,& s ) reg>d to conditions ( "t2 ?\gh all corporations give an assurance ( p]petuity1 a diffusive body l ?is does m2 x multiplies ! assurance1 9 proportion to its own diffusiv5ess4 ,& aga91 inasmu* z ! body :i* und]took ! "w ( education 0 a religi\s "o1 b\nd to pov]ty1 x gu>ante$ t ! memb]s w\ld end[ ! "w1 at _! own co/1 ) t :i* is ! fir/1 ! ess5tial1 & mo/ exp5sive end[m5t1 among all o!rs1--! labors1 ! atta9m5ts1 & ! lives ( compet5t m51 all gratuit\sly giv54 ,?is end[m5t1 :i* is s sub/antial1 is besides s f>-rea*+1 t no o!r temporal f\ndation w\ld be ne$$1 7 x n t ! necess>ies ( life1 & ! app>atus = _! "w1 are /ill necess>y to liv+ m51 ev5 ?\gh !y live 9 p]sonal pov]ty4 ,?us !n x 0 t ,ignatius took 9 *>ge ! second>y & sup]ior education ( ! ,*ri/ian _w1 z f> z 8 s]vices %\ld be call$ =3 he ?rew into ! "w ! end[m5t ( a ,religi\s ,ord]4 ,?is1 z ! sequel prov$1 meant ! :ole revival ( le>n+4 ,"l ,bacon be>s witness to x 9 a few words1 :5 he says1 t ! ,jesuits p>tly 9 !mselves1 & p>tly by ! emulation & provocation ( _! example1 h mu* quick5$ & /r5g!n$ ! /ate ( le>n+4#bc ,fa!r ,daniel gives "s ( ! details 9 a summ>y way4 ,he says3 ,! exclusively ,univ]sity rgime ( ! late c5turies replac$1 = a notable portion ( /ud5ts1 by a s*ola/ic discipl9e mu* m complete2 ,s*ola/ic ,philosophy & ,!ology r5ovat$1 ?r\gh ! c>e appli$ to prev5t "y m5 f ?r[+ !mselves too e>ly into ! disputes ( ! s*ools2 9 f9e1 ,lit]ature & ,gramm> resum+ ! place !y _h lo/ 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 &1 ov] & above t1 enjoy+ ! new res\rces creat$ = _! use by ! ,r5aissance2 all ?is ,i call a capital fact 9 ! hi/ory ( ! human m9d1 & ev5 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*4#bd ,aft] ! "t ( ,ignatius1 o!r religi\s congregations1 =tifi$ ) _! own special means = respective dep>tm5ts ( activity1 ent]$ ^u ! same g5]al field ( "w4 ,!y 7 ! ,oratorians1 ! ,b>nabites1 ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,pi\s ,s*ools1 ! ,bro!rs ( ! ,*ri/ian ,s*ools1 & o!rs ^: names may occur 9 ! c\rse ( ?is essay4 ,&1 = ! education ( wom51 inf]ior & sup]ior alike1 congregations ( devot$ religi\s wom5 came into be+1 & op5$ _! conv5ts to supply ! be/ & highe/ culture4 ,= fe> t1 9 ! execution ( ?is plan1 & 9 _! o!r ent]prises ( devotion & zeal1 any second>y int5tions or results1 ) reg>d to p[] & (fice1 might m> ! purity ( ! "w & defeat ! ma9 object1 ! same m51 ^: future "u ! g5]al%ip ( su* a lead] 0 ab\t to op5 z "o ( transc5d5t influ5ce 9 ! civiliz$ _w1 b\nd !mselves by v[ nev] to accept any dignity or (fice 9 ! ,*ur*4 ,naturally !y %\ld keep alo( f affairs ( /ate4 ,9 fact1 x w\ld be incompatible ) _! own purposes ( lit]>y & sci5tific compet5ce1 to leave !mselves at ! m]cy ( o!r m5's views1 & be draft$ into po/s outside ( ! ,in/itute1 & be plac$ 9 an impossible situation = work+ out ! specific end int5d$4 ,x w\ld be suicidal too4 ,j :5 a man 0 capable ( cont9u+ 8 k9d1 he w\ld be lo/ to ! body1 & be r5d]$ incapable !reby ( propagat+ 8 own type ( em95ce4 ,besides1 )\t t\*+ ^u ! inn] reasons ( ! spiritual life1 :i* made ?is resignation ( all honors desirable1 x is a fact /&+ out 9 cle> relief1 z hi/ory sket*es ! m>vell\s fecundity ( an ,ord] requir+ su* a high level ( atta9m5ts1 t _m ( ! *oice/ s\ls h felt specially attract$ to a k9d ( life1 :i* at "o & ! same "t satisfi$ _! ideas ( ,*ri/ian p]fection1 & cut !m (f f all ! pa?s ( worldly glory4 ,& n[1 to m5tion 9 ! la/ place ano!r po9t1 :i* is equally important = und]/&+ ! educational hi/ory ( ! ,ord]1 & to ! g5]al m9d is equally obscure ) "s ( ^? m5tion$ already1 !re 0 introduc$ ! pr9ciple ( religi\s ob$i5ce4 ,x 0 sanction$ by a unanim\s vote4#be ,! ,fa!rs _h conclud$ ! fir/ delib]ation1 :e!r !y %\ld =m a society at all2 & !y _h decid$ 9 ! affirmative s5se4#bf ,!n ! "q took ?is phase4 ,if !y 7 to f\nd a closely-knitt$ society1 !y c\ld d s only by assum+ a /rict bond4 ,t 0 none o!r ?an a /rict ob$i5ce4 ,on ?is head1 z on all o!rs t came 9 ord]1 !y began ! delib]ation by reason+1 "o day1 9 an adv]se s5se1 all hav+ prep>$ _! m9ds to emphasize e objection :i* !y c\ld f9d aga9/ x4 ,! day foll[+1 !y argu$ 9 a positive s5se4 ,! motives 9 favor ( /rict ob$i5ce won _! unanim\s ass5t4 ,!y 7 su* z ^!3-- ,if ?is congregation und]took ! *>ge ( affairs1 & ! memb]s 7 n "u ord]s1 no "o c\ld be held responsible = an exact adm9i/ration ( ! *>ge4 ,if ! body 7 n b\nd toge!r by ob$i5ce1 x c\ld n long p]sev]e2 yet ?is 0 _! fir/ int5tion1 to rema9 associat$ 9 a p]man5t body4 ,:5ce !y conclud$ t scatt]$ z !y w\ld be1 & already _h be51 9 assidu\s & div]se labors1 !y mu/ be unit$ by a /rict pr9ciple ( subord9ation1 if !y 7 to rema9 su* a body4 ,ano!r argu$ ?us3 ,ob$i5ce begets h]oism ( virtue2 s9ce ! truly ob$i5t man is mo/ prompt to execute :atev] duty is assign$ him by "o1 :om1 z by a religi\s act1 he reg>ds z be+ 9 ! place ( ,god1 & signify+ to him ,god's w3 :]e=e ob$i5ce & h]oism g toge!r4 ,?is reason+ seems to be en=c$ by ! hi/ory ( all great nations1 9 ! crises ( _! milit>y & o!r public affairs4 ,b1 z is cle>1 ! pr9ciples ( religi\s ob$i5ce are ( a diff]5t ord]2 !y are on a high] plane2 & !y rea* mu* f>!r 9 "t & et]nity1 ?an ^? ( ob$i5ce else:]e4 ,"h !n we disc]n1 suffici5tly = pres5t purposes1 ! mean+ & hi/orical location ( ?is ,in/itute4 ,! memb]s h cut !mselves (f f ! possession ( all private prop]ty1 by ! volunt>y engagem5t to pov]ty1 & !reby !y h prep>$ ! end[m5t1 on :i* education w *iefly re/1--t is to say1 ! end[m5t consi/+ ( ! m5 to tea*1 & _! s]vices t5d]$ gratis4 ,position & dignity are alike r5d]$ inaccessible by an express v[ ( ! memb]s pr(ess$4 ,ob$i5ce keeps ! organization mobile z a company ( tra9$ soldi]s4 ,&1 if any obs]vant m9d1 well acqua9t$ ) ! c\rse ( human affairs1 detects 9 ^! pr9ciples "s reasons = success1 normal1 habitual1 & regul>1 9 ! face ( unnumb]$ ob/acles1 & ( unremitt+ ho/ility1 8 view w be s+ul>ly corroborat$ :5 he rises to a plane high]1 & reg>ds ! same pr9ciples z religi\s1 c>ry+ ) !m ! sanction ( div9e wor%ip2 :i* ,i %\ld be loa? to call en?usiasm1 mu* less fanaticism4 ,^! s5tim5ts are nev] v prud5t1 nor enlight5$1 nor cool2 !y are ei!r v natural or are %ort-liv$4 ,a mild fev] ( fanaticism c sc>cely produce high results2 & a high fev] ( ! same c sc>cely la/ ?ree hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 ) p]petuity /ill ?reat5+4 ,b ,i w\ld call ?is ph5om5on1 9 its orig91 religi\s devotion2 9 its consequ5ces1 a sup]natural effici5cy2 &1 tak+ x all 9 all1 t :i* is call$ a grace ( vocation4 ,on ! #bg? day ( ,septemb]1 #aedj1 ! ,society ( ,jesus receiv$ f ! ,see ( ,rome its bull ( confirmation1 by :i* x became a *>t]$ body ( ! ,*ur*4 ,:ile ^! pages 7 be+ p5n$1 ! #bg? day ( ,septemb] came by1 #ahij4 ,x 0 ! anniv]s>y ( t f\ndation1 ?ree hundr$ & fifty ye>s ago4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,colleges ,,z ,,propos$ ,,9 ,,! ,,jesuit ,,con/itution4 ,! writt5 rule ab\t ! sy/em ( education is f\nd 9 a d\ble /age ( developm5t4 ,! fir/ is t 9 :i* ,loyola left x3 x gives u ! outl9e4 ,! second is t 9 :i* ,aquaviva complet$ x3 ?is pres5ts u ) ! f9i%$ picture4 ,likewise 9 ! hi/orical c\rse ( adm9i/ration out 9 ! _w1 ! developm5t is tw(old4 ,x runs its fir/ c\rse f ,loyola to ,aquaviva1 :ile exp]i5ce 0 /ill t5tative4 ,its second c\rse 0 subsequ5t to ,aquaviva1 :5 exp]i5ce1 hav+ ga!r$ 9 its results1 _h only to apply ! approv$ =m4 ,?is 0 subject !nce=? to none b incid5tal *anges1 z times & places *ange4 ,&1 = ^! cont+5cies1 ! application rema9$ expressly & always pliable4 ,h5ce1 :atev] 0 embodi$ 9 ! ,ratio ,/udiorum1 z complet$1 _h be5 ! result ( ! mo/ v>i$ exp]i5ce be=e legislat+1 an exp]i5ce 9 ! life ( ! ,ord] ext5d+ ov] fifty-n9e ye>s4 ,:atev] ?is univ]sal exp]i5ce _h n yield$ z a positive result1 or z applicable to all places1 0 n embodi$4 ,tea*]s are diff]5t2 national cu/oms v>y2 v]nacul> tongues are n ! same4 ,) reg>d to ^! mutable elem5ts1 ! maxim ( ! ,ord] 9 /udies1 9 tea*+1 9 conduct+ colleges1 0 ! same z t :i* x propos$ to itself 9 ! v>i\s o!r functions ( practical life4 ,an expon5t ( ! ,in/itute /ates ! maxim ?us3 ,"o %\ld h a mo/ exact k ( ! c\ntry1 nation1 city1 mann] ( gov]nm5t1 mann]s ( ! p1 /ates ( life1 incl9ations1 etc42 & ?is f hi/ories1 f int]c\rse1 etc4#bg ,g5]al indications alone are giv5 ) reg>d to ^! v>iable factors4 ,! same is done ) respect to new sci5ces1 :i* f ! "t ( ! ,r5aissance 7 felt to be approa*+ & develop+4 ,subsequ5t legislation arises to meet !m z !y come4 ,:ile ! ,fa!rs 7 c>ry+ on ! same delib]ations to :i* ,i ref]r$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 a resolution 0 tak5 to leave ! draft+ ( a ,con/itution 9 ! h&s ( ^? :o %\ld rema9 9 ,italy4 ,circumscrib+ ! task /ill m1 !y decid$ to appo9t a committee ( two1 :o %\ld address !mselves to ?is "w1 & report to ! re/4 ,! g5]al assembly :5 conv5$ w\ld issue ! f9al decree4 ,:atev] t %\ld be1 su* ( ^? pres5t z might !n be abs5t h]eby endors$ x be=eh&4 ,_! small numb] ( t5 0 already r$uc$ to six memb]s pres5t1 ! o!r f\r be+ scatt]$ 9 div]s c\ntries4 ,!y designat$ z a commission ,fa!rs ,ignatius & ,john ,coduri4 ,soon aft]w>ds ,coduri di$1 & ! re/ 7 di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! c\ntries ( ,europe1 ,africa1 & ! f> ,ea/4 ,dur+ ! foll[+ ye>s1 ,laynez1 :o 0 = "s "t ,prov9cial ( ,italy1 rema9$ m regul>ly ?an ! re/ )9 ! rea* ( ,ignatius4 ,= ?is reason1 !re=e1 besides sev]al o!rs1 we may und]/& :y ,ignatius paid su* a high tribute to ?is em95t man1 :5 he said1 z ,ribad5eira tells u1 t to no "o ( ! fir/ ,fa!rs did ! ,society owe m ?an to ,laynez4 ,:]eupon ! hi/orian ,sac*9i obs]ves3 ,?is1 ,i believe1 he said ( ,laynez1 n only on acc\nt ( ! o!r em95t m]its ( s great a man1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 = devis+ or arrang+ ! sy/em ( ,colleges2 b mo/ especially because ! f\ndations1 on :i* ?is ,ord] l>gely re/s1 7 new1 & !re=e likely to excite a/oni%m5t2 & ,laynez1 hav+ at comm& ! res\rces ( a va/ erudition1 0 ! p]son to confirm & comm5d !m to public op9ion4 ,& t ?is praise 0 des]v$ by ,laynez w appe> less dubi\s to any "o :o consid]s t o!r p]iod also1 dur+ :i* he 0 himself ,g5]al2 if "o reckons h[ _m po9ts1 z yet un%ap$ & inceptive1 9 ! managem5t ( ! ,society1 7 r$uc$ to =m & p]fect$ by ,laynez2 h[ widely x 0 propagat$ & def5d$ by him4#bh ,b to return to ,ignatius4 ,aft] t5 ye>s ( gov]nm5t1 he ga!r$ toge!r 9 ,rome su* ( ! fir/ ,fa!rs z c\ld be _h1 besides repres5tatives f all ! ,prov9ces4 ,=ty-sev5 memb]s 7 pres5t4 ,he submitt$ to !m1 9 g5]al assembly1 ! ,con/itution z n[ drawn up1 & z act$ ^u 9 practical life1 dur+ ^? t5 ye>s4 ,! ,jesuits pres5t did n exhau/ ! numb] ( ^? ^: express op9ions 7 desir$4 ,t n a s+le "o ( ! pr9cipal ,fa!rs might be omitt$ 9 ! delib]ation1 he s5t copies ( ! propos$ code ( laws to su* z 7 abs5t4 ,) ! sugge/ions & approbations receiv$ f all ^! repres5tative m5 he 0 n yet cont5t4 ,two m ye>s _h elaps$ :51 hav+ embodi$ ! practical results ( an ev]-wid5+ exp]i5ce1 he und]took to promulgate ! ,con/itution1 by virtue ( ! au?ority ve/$ 9 him = t purpose4 ,b he only promulgat$ ! rule2 he did n yet ex]cise 8 au?ority to ! full1 & impose x z b9d+4 ,he desir$ t daily use might br+ out /ill f>!r1 h[ x felt "u ! te/ ( be+ tri$1 amid s _m races & nations4 ,?us #aeec came & w5t2 & he wait$1 until ! :ole matt] %\ld be revis$ & approv$ once m by ! entire ,society 9 conclave4 ,8 dea? int]v5$ 9 #aeef4 ,two ye>s lat]1 repres5tatives f ! twelve prov9ces ( ! ,ord] met toge!r1 & elect$ ,james ,laynez z successor to ,fa!r ,ignatius4 ,exam9+ once m ?is ,con/itution 9 all its p>ts1 receiv+ ! :ole ( x j z x /ood ) absolute unanimity1 & ) a degree ( v5]ation1 !y ex]cis$ ! supreme au?ority ( ! ,ord]1 & confirm$ ?is z ! writt5 ,con/itution ( ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,by ?is act no?+ 0 want+ to x1 ev5 f ! side ( ,papal au?ority4 ,yet1 t e pl5itude ( solemnity might be add$ to x1 !y pres5t$ x to ! ,sov]eign ,pontiff1 ,paul ,,iv1 :o committ$ ! code to f\r ,c>d9als = accurate revision4 ,! commission return$ x1 )\t hav+ alt]$ a ^w1 ,f t "t1 :atev] g5]al legislation has be5 add$1 has ent]$ into ! corpus juris1 or ,in/itute at l>ge1 z supplem5t+ or expla9+ ! ,con/itution1 :i* rema9s ! fundam5tal in/rum5t ( ! ,in/itute4 ,9 ! ,con/itution !re are t5 p>ts4 ,! f\r? is on /udies4 ,9 l5g?1 ?is f\r? "p alone fills up "s tw5ty-eight out ( "o hundr$ & elev5 qu>to pages 9 all1 z x /&s pr9t$ 9 ! late/ ,roman edition4 ,! legislation ab\t /udies is ?us se5 to be "o-f\r? ( ! :ole4 ,x has sev5te5 *apt]s4 ,9 "o ( !m1 on ! ,me?od & ,ord] to be obs]v$ 9 treat+ ! ,sci5ces1 ! f\nd] obs]ves t a numb] ( po9ts w be treat$ ( sep>ately1 9 "s docum5t approv$ by ! ,g5]al ,sup]ior4 ,?is is ! express w>rant1 conta9$ 9 ! ,con/itution1 = ! future ,ratio ,/udiorum1 or ,sy/em ( ,/udies 9 ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,9 ! meantime1 he legislates 9 a m g5]al way4 ,& he beg9s ) a subject pre-em95tly de> to him1 ! duty ( gratitude4 ,s9ce corporations are notori\sly =getful1 & !re=e ungrateful1 he lays d[n 9 ! fir/ place ! p]man5t duty ( ! ,ord] t[>ds b5efactors3 !n he cont9ues ) o!r topics4 ,!y /& ?us3-- ,! ,f\nd]s ( ,colleges2 & ,b5efactors4 ,! ,temporalities ( ,colleges4 ,! ,/ud5ts or ,s*ola/ics1 belong+ to ! ,society4 ,! ,c>e to be tak5 ( !m1 dur+ ! "t ( _! ,/udies4 ,! ,le>n+ !y are to acquire4 ,! ,assi/ance to be r5d]$ !m 9 v>i\s ways1 to ensure _! success 9 /udies4 ,! ,s*ools atta*$ to ! ,colleges ( ! ,society1 i4e4 = ext]nal ,/ud5ts n belong+ to ! ,ord]4 ,! ,advancem5t ( ,s*ola/ics1 belong+ to ! ,ord]1 9 ! ,v>i\s ,arts :i* c make !m useful to _! ,neighbor4 ,! ,)drawal ( !m f ,/udies4 ,! ,gov]nm5t ( ,colleges4 ,on ,admitt+ ! ,control ( ,univ]sities into ! ,society4 ,! ,sci5ces to be taught 9 ,univ]sities ( ! ,society4 ,! ,me?od & ,ord] to be obs]v$ 9 treat+ ! =ego+ ,sci5ces4 ,! ,books to be select$ z ,/&>ds4 ,c\rses & ,degrees4 ,:at conc]ns ,good ,morals4 ,! ,(ficials & ,assi/ants 9 ,univ]sities4 ,res]v+ ! p$agogic explanation = ! next "p ( ?is essay1 ,i %all "h sket* "s ( ! m g5]al ideas runn+ ?r\gh ! :ole legislation ( ,ignatius ( ,loyola2 &1 fir/1 9 ! pres5t *apt]1 ,i %all beg9 ) 8 idea ( ,colleges4 ,*oos+ p]sonal pov]ty z ! basis on :i* to re/ ?is va/ ent]prise ( education1 he did n !re=e mean to c>ry on exp5sive works ( zeal1 )\t ! means ( meet+ ! exp5se4 ,obvi\sly1 x is "o ?+ n to h means1 z a p]sonal prop]ty1 & !re=e n to consume !m on self2 x is q ano!r1 to h !m & to use !m = ! good ( o!rs4 ,! mo/ self-d5y+ m5 c use funds = ! b5efit ( o!rs2 & c d s ! bett]1 ! m !y d5y !mselves4 ,x 0 9 ?is s5se t1 lat] on 9 ! c5tury1 ,c>d9al ,all5 recogniz$ ! labors & ne$s ( ! ,engli% ,jesuit1 ,rob]t ,p>sons1 :o 0 ! sup]ior & companion ( ,edmund ,campian1 ! =m] a lead+ /> ( ,ox=d1 ! latt]1 also an ,ox=d man1 &1 z ,"l ,burghley call$ him1 a diamond ( ,engl&4 ,s9ce ,que5 ,elizabe? 0 n b5ign en\gh to l5d ! ,jesuits a little build+-room on ,engli% soil1 b pref]r$ to l5d !m a halt] at ,tyburn1 ,p>sons 0 engag$ 9 f\nd+ ,engli% h\ses ( high] /udies 9 ,france & ,spa91 at ,valladolid1 ,seville1 ,lisbon1 ,eu1 & ,/4 ,om]4 ,c>d9al ,all5 s5t a contribution to ! con/ructive ,jesuit1 writ+1 z he did s3 ,apo/olic m5 %\ld n only despise money2 !y %\ld also h x4 ,& j 9 ?is s5se 0 ,ignatius himself a philosoph] ( no utopian s*ool4 ,s we may exam9e1 ) pr(it1 ! mat]ial & temporal conditions requir$ 9 8 ,in/itute1 = ! e/abli%m5t ( public s*ools & univ]sities4 ,i %all endeavor to put ^! pr9ciples toge!r & 9 ord]4#bi ,fir/1 !re %\ld be a location provid$ ) build+s & rev5ues1 n m]ely suffici5t = ! pres5t1 b hav+ ref]5ce to ne$ful developm5t4 ,secondly1 ^! mat]ial conditions include a ref]5ce to ! ma9t5ance ( ! faculty4 ,! means mu/ be provid$ to meet ! daily necessities ( ! actual ,pr(essors1 ) adequate assi/ance ( lay bro!rs belong+ to ! ,ord]2 also to support sev]al sub/itute ,pr(essors2 besides1 to c>ry on ! =mation ( m51 :o w take ! places ( ! pres5t ,pr(essors1 & s ma9ta9 ! faculty z p]petual2 moreov]1 to provide = "s m ,s*ola/ic ,/ud5ts ( ! ,ord]1 see+ t !re are s _m occupi$ 9 ! s]vice & promotion ( ! common weal4 ,^! conditions also include a *ur* = conduct+ spiritual m9i/rations 9 ! s]vice ( o!rs4#cj ,c>ry+ out ?is idea1 ,laynez1 9 #aefd1 promulgat$ a rule or ,=m reg>d+ ! acceptance ( ,colleges4 ,he laid d[n ! conditions1 on :i* alone ! ,society w\ld take 9 *>ge ei!r a ,lat9 ,s*ool1 requir+ a f\ndation = tw5ty ,jesuits2 or a ,lyceum1 ) fifty p]sons2 or a ,univ]sity1 ) sev5ty4#ca ,tw5ty-f\r ye>s lat]1 ,fa!r ,aquaviva drew up a m complete & a f9al ,=m1 di/ribut+ colleges into ! ?ree classes1 ! l[e/1 ! m$ium1 & ! highe/4 ,! l[e/ mu/ h provision made = pr(ess+ 9 ! dep>tm5ts ( ,gramm>1 ,humanities1 ,rhetoric1 ,languages1 & a c\rse ( ,moral ,!ology2--fifty ,jesuits to be support$4 ,! m$ium class ( colleges consi/s ( ^? ^: f\nd]s desire1 9 addition to all ! =ego+ dep>tm5ts1 a tri5nial c\rse ( ,philosophy1 :i* beg9s ea* ye> anew2 eighty p]sons to be support$4 ,! highe/ class is t ( ! ,/udium ,g5]ale1 or ,univ]sity1 9 :i*1 besides ! above1 !re are pr(ess$ ,s*ola/ic ,!ology1 ,sacr$ ,scripture1 ,hebrew2 "o hundr$ & tw5ty p]sons to be provid$ =4 ,h[ev]1 ! c\ntries ( ! ,indies1 z well z ! nor!rn c\ntries ( ,europe1 7 n1 = ! pres5t1 br\ght "u ?is ord9ance4#cb ,?irdly1 ! locality is to be su* t1 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( ev5ts1 !re %\ld be no prospective likelihood ( a defici5cy 9 ! conc\rse ( /ud5ts1 & ^? ( ! "r k9d4 ,z1 on ! side ( ! ,jesuit ,prov9ce1 its educational =ces are kept at lea/ equal to ! po/s :i* x has und]tak5 to fill1 s1 on ! side ( ! population1 ! prospect %\ld correspond to ?is und]tak+1 & give assurance ( fill+ ! c\rses4 ,h5ce x 0 only 9 l>g] cities or t[ns t ,ignatius contemplat$ ! f\ndation ( colleges2 z ! di/i* has x1 contra/+ ! diff]5t fields ( activity *os5 by diff]5t ord]s 9 ! ,*ur*3-- ,b]n>dus valles1 montes ,b5$ictus amabat1 ,oppida ,franciscus1 magnas ,ignatius urbes4 ,t is to say1 ,! monks ( ,clairvaux lov$ _! valleys2 ! ,b5$ict9es _! m\nta9-tops2 ! ,franciscans ! rural t[ns2 ,ignatius ! great cities4 ,?is 0 ! m obvi\sly 8 idea1 z we f9d him reluctantly grant+ p]mission = m9i/]ial excursions ?r\gh a c\ntry1 if !reby ! ,fa!rs' influ5ce 9 a great city be likely to suff]4 ,he writes to ,fa!r ,kessel1 ! ,rector at ,cologne1 :]e z yet ! ,society _h no college ( its own1 t "u ! circum/ances he approves ( ,kessel's mak+ a %ort excursion ?r\gh ! prov9ce1 provid$ he & 8 companions are n long abs5t f ! city1 & d n sacrifice ! ma9 ?+ to :at is accessory2 b he does n give !m p]mission to fix _! abode out ( ! t[n1 because places ( less importance af=d few] occasions ( ga!r+ ! desir$ fruit3 &1 besides1 !y mu/ n leave s fam\s a univ]sity2 _! ex]tions w be m useful = ! good ( religion1 9 =m+ s*ol>s to become prie/s & (fic]s ( ! ,/ate1 ?an all ! pa9s !y may be/[ on ! small t[ns & villages4#cc ,aga91 :5 9 #aedg he _h accept$ ! donation ( a *ur*1 build+s1 & g>d5s at ,tivoli f ,l\is ,m5dosa1 he f\nd ! place n suit$ to ! conv5i5ce ( s*ol>s2 x 0 too ne> ,rome1 & yet too f>2 subsequ5tly1 ! in/itution _h to be transf]r$ )9 ! city4#cd ,f\r?ly1 9 addition to ^! mat]ial & local conditions = ! normal conduct ( colleges1 x is suppos$ t ! ext]nal relations ( political society are s f> favorable1 z at lea/ to tol]ate fre$om ( action on ! "p ( ?is educational ,in/itute4 ,su* tol]ation 01 z a g5]al rule1 n only ! lea/ t c\ld be ask$ =1 b ! mo/ t 0 enjoy$4 ,^! are ! *ief conditions1 mat]ial & temporal1 :i* ,ignatius requires4 ,!y give him a foot+ to comm5ce 8 "w1 & all[ ! animat+ pr9ciples ( 8 ,in/itute to come into play4 ,! animat+ pr9ciples1 to :i* ,i ref]1 may be r$uc$ to ?ree brief heads3 ,fir/1 an intellectual & moral scope1 cle>ly def9$1 z ,i %all expla9 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s4 ,secondly1 ! di/9ct int5tion to promote r ! int]e/s ( public & univ]sal ord] & enlight5m5t1 ?an a m]e local good ( any city1 c\ntry1 prov9ce4 ,?irdly1 a t5d5cy 9 ! intellectual in/itution itself to become r a great "o ?an a small "o1 ) m degrees ( in/ruction1 m & m em95t ,pr(essors1 a great] numb] ( ! "r k9d ( s*ol>s4#ce ,z to ! =ces available = all ?is1 & ! proportion ( colleges to be mann$ 9 p]petuity1 ! m9d ( ,ignatius 0 mo/ express1 & became m fix$ f day to day4 ,cut y\r cloak accord+ to y\r clo?1 he said to ,oliv] ,man>e1 :5 ! latt]1 on go+ to e/abli% a college at ,loretto1 ask$ h[ he %\ld di/ribute 8 m54 ,ignatius pref]r$ to refuse ,pr9ces & ,bi%ops _! reque/s1 excus+ himself on ! score ( limit$ res\rces1 ?an compromise ! reputation ( ! ,society1 by an ill-advis$ ass5t4#cf ,& he said1 z ,polanco 8 secret>y tells u1 t if any?+ ought to make him wi% to live a long] "t1 x 0 t he might be sev]e 9 admitt+ m5 into ! ,ord]4#cg ,he did n want to h _m memb]s 9 ! ,society2 /ill less1 too _m engagem5ts4 ,hav+ /at$ ?us briefly ! mat]ial conditions requir$ by ,ignatius1 & ! animat+ pr9ciples or motives :i* det]m9$ him1 we are 9 a position to disc]n m di/9ctly ! c5tral object ( 8 att5tion1 t = :i* ! mat]ial conditions 7 provid$1 t by :i* ! ultimate objects 7 to be atta9$4 ,x 0 ! tea*+ body1 ! faculty1 ! ,college1 prop]ly s call$4 ,! ,college 0 ! body ( educators :o 7 s5t to a place4 ,= !m ! mat]ial conditions did b supply a local habitation1 subsi/5ce1 books1 app>atus4 ,! v fir/ decree quot$ by ,pa*tl]1 f ! fir/ g5]al assembly1 uses ! t]m ,college 9 ?is s5se3 ,no college is to be s5t to any place1 etc4#ch ,x is only by d]ivation f ?is mean+ t ! t]m is appli$ to ! build+s & appo9tm5ts4 ,x is ! body ( m5 t makes ! in/itution4 ,x is ?is also :i* makes ! in/itution p]petual2 & !re=e mu/ itself be s2 & mu/ h ! mat]ial conditions provid$ = cont9u+ itself1 by means ( a con/ant /ream ( y\ng] m5 "u =mation1 :o w p]petuate ! same "w4 ,n[ x w\ld be an ideal conception ( practical life to be look+ = virtu\s & erudite m51 viri boni simul et eruditi1 z ,ignatius calls !m1 ev] p\r+ into ! ,ord]1 /raight f ! *airs ( univ]sities1 f b5efices1 & po/s ( leisur$ ease2 &1 arm$ already ) ! full equipm5t ( intellectual & moral end[m5ts1 pres5t+ !mselves & _! s]vices !nce=?1 "u ! title ( absolute pov]ty1 to cities1 prov9ces1 & c\ntries1 :i* nev] _h any?+ to d ) _! =mation4 ,^! m51 says ,ignatius1 are f\nd to be few 9 numb]1 & ( ^! few ! majority w\ld pref] to re/1 aft] s _m labors already und]gone4 ,we appreh5d t x w be difficult = ?is ,society to gr[1 on ! m]e /r5g? ( ^? :o are already bo? good & accompli%$1 boni simul ac lit]ati2 & ?is = two reasons1 ! great labors :i* ?is mann] ( life imposes1 & ! great self-abnegation ne$$4 ,!re=e1 444 ano!r way has seem$ good to adopt1 t ( admitt+ "y m51 :o1 by _! good lives & _! tal5ts af=d u gr\nd to hope t !y w gr[ up into virtu\s & le>n$ m51 9 probos simul ac doctos viros2 ( admitt+ also colleges1 on ^? conditions :i* are express$ 9 ! ,apo/olic briefs1 :e!r ^! colleges be )9 univ]sities1 or indep5d5t3 &1 if )9 univ]sities1 :e!r ^! in/itutions !mselves are committ$ to ! c>e ( ! ,society1 or n4444 ,:]e=e1 we %all fir/ speak ( ! colleges2 !n ( ! univ]sities1 etc4#ci ,!re 7 nev] want+ m5 ( ! =m] k9d1 already accompli%$ & ( tri$ virtue1 :o (f]$ !mselves = ?is s]vice ( a lifetime4 ,a notewor?y te/imony to _! numb]s may be f\nd 9 a dispute ) ,philip ,,ii ( ,spa91 :o object$ to any moneys leav+ ! ,jesuit ,prov9ces ( 8 realm1 = ! s]vice & ma9t5ance ( ! great c5tral college 9 ,rome2 & ?is1 not)/&+ ! fact t ,spani% memb]s 7 be+ ma9ta9$ & =m$ !re4 ,! g5]al assembly1 ga!r$ 9 ,rome1 #aefe1 discuss$ ! difficulty2 & "o ( ! circum/ances m5tion$ 0 ?is3 ,! ,prov9ces ( ,spa9 did n ne$ ! assi/ance ( ! ,roman ,college z mu* z o!rs2 s9ce _m ent]$ ! ,society1 already mature 9 age & accompli%$ 9 le>n+1 s t !y c\ld be employ$ at once 9 public positions2 nor _h !y to be taught1 b !y 7 able to tea* o!rs4444 ,x 0 f9ally recomm5d$ t1 to less5 ! burd5 ( exp5se on ! ,roman ,college1 & 9 ord] t few] s*ola/ics ne$ be call$ to ,rome1 ea* ,prov9ce1 z soon z conv5i5t1 %\ld organize a g5]al univ]sity2 especially z !re 0 already a suffici5cy ( /ud5ts 7memb]s ( ! ,ord]7 &1 besides1 ( ,pr(essors4#dj ,?is 0 only tw5ty-six ye>s aft] ! f\ndation ( ! ,society4 ,b1 ev5 ) all ! advantages accru+ f ^! l>ge cont+5ts ( le>n$ m5 already =m$1 ! idea ( ,ignatius1 to tra9 "y m5 )9 ! ,ord]1 0 m practical = ! =mation ( faculties2 & x c>ri$ ! g5]al effici5cy mu* fur!r4 ,p[]ful & effective z ! mo/ pron\nc$ p]sonalities may be1 :5 ea* /rik+ "* goes =w>d into ! op5 field ( battle & leads ! way1 !y are n m p[]ful ?an :5 also qualifi$ to move 9 ! /eady & regul> m>* ( ! tra9$ =ces4 ,fa!r ,montmor5cy1 ref]r+ to ! /r5g? :i* comes ( uni=mity1 sociability1 & h>mony1 said1 ,homo unus1 homo nullus1 ,a man alone is z good z no man at all4 ,ignatius !n1 hav+ p]petuity & developm5t 9 view1 & !re=e ! /eady & tra9$ developm5t ( tal5t$ & virtu\s "y m51 w\ld n accept f\ndations1 except on ! basis ( end[m5t1 j describ$4 ,he _h n le>n$ 9 va9 ! lessons ( ,b>celona1 ,alcal1 ,salamanca1 & ,p>is4 ,h[ wisely he act$ is %[n by ! tr\bles1 :i* lat] legislation reveals1 ^u ?is v po9t ( inadequately end[$ colleges4 ,! que/ions ( ill-end[$ colleges1 small colleges1 too _m colleges = ! =ces ( a ,prov9ce1 are all excell5tly discuss$ & settl$ 9 ! g5]al assembly1 :i*1 9 #aefe1 elect$ ,francis ,borgia to succe$ ,laynez4 ,& on ! same day1 says ,sac*9i1 ! ,fa!rs set ! example ( obs]v+ ! decree :i* !y _h j made1 ) ! same degree ( sev]ity ) :i* !y _h made x2 =1 ! lett]s ( sev]al ,bi%ops & municipalities be+ read1 9 :i* f\ndations = five colleges 7 (f]$1 !y decid$ t no "o ( !m %\ld be admitt$2 &1 besides1 !y gave ! new ,g5]al full au?ority to dissolve c]ta9 colleges already exi/+4#da ,9 a simil> ve91 ?is 0 ! !me ( an elegant apology deliv]$ be=e ,k+ ,/eph5 by ,fa!r ,campano1 ,prov9cial ( ,pol&1 :o reque/$ ! ,k+ to desi/ f urg+ on ! ,society ! multiplication ( its in/itutions4#db ,a tuition-fee paid by ! s*ol> to ! ,pr(essor1 or to ! in/itution1 0 n[h]e contemplat$4 ,at ,dijon1 :]e ,bossuet 0 aft]w>ds a pupil1 ! magi/rates :5 (f]+ a college1 9 #afjc1 desir$ to supplem5t an inadequate end[m5t1 by requir+ a fee f ! /ud5ts4 ,9 ! "n ( ! ,ord]1 ,fa!r ,coton1 ! ,k+'s confessor1 remon/rat$2 & ,h5ri ,,iv himself wrote to ! ,p>liam5t ( ,b\rgogne1 desir+ ano!r arrangem5t to be made2 :i* 0 accord+ly done4#dc ,! f\ndation 0 always to be receiv$ z a gratuit\s donation1 = :i* ! ,ord] ow$ p]man5t gratitude4 ,9 turn1 !nce=w>d1 x gave gratuit\sly1 & all[$ ( no recomp5se4 ,no obligations or conditions are to be admitt$ t w\ld impair ! integrity ( our pr9ciple1 :i* is3 ,to give gratuit\sly1 :at we h receiv$ gratis4#dd ,?us !n ! faculty1 a compet5t & a p]man5t "o1 is in/all$4 ,x is n "o conspicu\s = leisur$ ease4 ,pr(essors & ,s*ola/ics alike are work+ = a purpose4 ,!y are a college1 9 ! s5se ( ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,yet1 if !re is n leisur$ ease1 b a life ( "w & self-d5ial1 ! sy/em has be5 f\nd to result 9 all ! consequ5ces :i* may be look$ = 9 lit]>y ease ) dignity2 & p]haps 9 m1 s9ce no "o does m1 ?an he :o1 9 8 own l9e1 has z mu* z he c well d1 & d well4 ,sy/em & me?od1 ! great means = mak+ "t manifold1 become s absolutely necess>y2 & ! s+l5ess ( int5tion 9 a religi\s life int5sifies results4 ,!n1 aft] ! g5]al =mation has be5 be/[$1 9 ! consecutive high] /udies ( sev5 or n9e ye>s )9 ! ,ord]1 ! plan ( ,ignatius leaves op5 to individual tal5ts ! :ole field ( specialties1 9 ,sci5ce & ,lit]ature4 ,h5ce1 to speak ( our own day1 ,sec*i or ,p]ry devotes himself to a/ronomy1 ,g>ucci to ar*ology1 ,/rassmey] to ,ori5tal inscriptions1 ! ,de ,back]s & ,somm]vogel to bibliography1 o!rs to philology1 ma!matics1 & ! natural sci5ces2 :ile five hundr$ & m writ]s foll[ ! l9es ( _! own incl9ations1 ei!r = "s directly useful purpose1 or because _! pursuit is 9 itself lib]al4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,colleges ,,f\nd$ ,,& ,,end[$4 ,:at 0 ! response ( ! ,*ri/ian _w1 :5 x _h become alive to ! nature ( ?is new p[] 9 its mid/1 & to ! proposal :i* ! new p[] made8 ,:at did ! answ] come to1 9 ! way ( provid+ temporalities1 necess>y & suffici5t8 ,/range en\gh6 ,loyola's own %ort (ficial lifetime ( fifte5 ye>s does n appe> to h be5 too %ort1 = ! purpose ( awak5+ ! _w ) 8 idea2 :i*1 l a two-edg$ sword ( 8 own make1 n only ar\s$ ! ke5e/ opposition at e ?ru/1 & at 8 e onw>d /ep1 b op5$ numb]less res\rces 9 ! apo/olic1 ! *>itable1 & educational res]ves ( human nature4 ,?is man1 :o _h ins]t$ 9 ! au!ntic =mula & *>t] ( 8 ,in/itute t wat*word ( 8 movem5ts1 ,def5ce & ,advance2 :o _h tak5 ! :ole _w = ! field ( 8 op]ations1 9 def5d+ & advanc+2 ?is cavali] ( a new milit>y type1 :o _h only to %[ himself ^u ! field to ga!r ar\nd him ! fl[] ( y\? z well z mature age1 f college & univ]sity1 f doctor's *air & pr9ce's ?rone1 left beh9d him1 z ! "w ( fifte5 ye>s f ! f\ndation ( ! ,ord]1 ab\t "o hundr$ colleges & h\ses1 di/ribut$ into twelve ,prov9ces4 ,! t]ritorial divisions 7 nam$1 aft] _! *ief c5tres1 ! ,prov9ces ( ,portugal1 ,ca/ile1 ,&alusia1 ,aragon1 ,italy1 ,naples1 ,sicily1 ,upp] ,g]many1 ,l[] ,g]many1 ,france1 ,brazil1 & ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,individuals "u 8 ord]s _h ov]run ,irel&1 p5etrat$ into ,scotl&1 into ,congo1 ,abyss9ia1 & ,e?iopia4 ,! ,ea/ ,indies1 fir/ trav]s$ by ,francis ,xavi] ei!r on foot1 or 9 unseawor?y vessels1 signifi$ ! :ole /ret* ( c\ntries f ,goa & ,ceylon on ! ,we/1 to ,malacca1 ,japan1 & ! coa/ ( ,*9a on ! ,ea/4 ,"s ( ?is activity might be cr$it$ to apo/olic zeal alone1 7 x n t1 :]ev] ! lead]s advanc$ into ! he>t ( a new c\ntry1 x 0 always ) ! purpose1 & g5]ally ) ! result1 t ! c\ntry 0 to be occupi$ ) educational in/itutions4 ,de ,back] notes ?is 9 ano!r connection1 :51 9 ! preface to 8 great "w ( bibliography1 ,! ,libr>y ( ,writ]s ( ! ,company ( ,jesus1 he says3 ,:]ev] a ,jesuit set 8 foot1 :]ev] !re 0 f\nd$ a h\se1 a college1 a mission1 !re too arose apo/les ( ano!r class1 :o labor$1 :o taught1 :o wrote4#de ,:at ?is means1 ) reg>d to its /rategic value1 !re is no ne$ ( our be+ told4 ,! ,duke ( ,p>ma1 writ+1 9 #aehj1 f ! seat ( w> 9 ! ,ne!rl&s to ,philip ,,ii ( ,spa91 said3 ,y\r ,maje/y desir$ t ,i %\ld build a citadel 9 ,mae/ri*t2 ,i ?\ght t a college ( ! ,jesuits w\ld be a =tress m likely to protect ! inhabitants aga9/ ! enemies ( ! ,alt> & ! ,?rone4 ,i h built x4#df ,sixty ye>s lat]1 aft] ! long g5]al%ip ( ,aquaviva1 :o dur+ #cd ye>s gov]n$ ! ,ord] ) ! ability ( ano!r ,ignatius1 ! numb] ( colleges 0 #cgb4 ,well might 8 imm$iate successor1 ,mutius ,vitelles*i1 writ+ to ! :ole ,society ab\t ! ,education ( ,y\?1 speak ( ! beautiful & preci\s mass ( gold1 :i* we h 9 our h&s to =m & f9i%4#dg ,"o hundr$ & fifty ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,ignatius1 ! collegiate & univ]sity h\ses ( education numb]$ #gfi4 ,two hundr$ ye>s aft] ! same date1 :5 ! ,ord] 0 on ! v]ge ( univ]sal suppression1 "u ! action ( ,univ]sity m51 ,p>liam5t>ians1 ,jans5i/s1 ,philosoph]s1 & ( t new movem5t :i* 0 prep>+ ! ,revolution1 ! ,jesuit educational in/itutions /ood at ! figure1 #gbh4 ,! colleges cov]$ almo/ ! :ole _w1 di/ribut$ into #ci ,prov9ces1 besides #agb ,missions 9 ! less organiz$ regions ( ! globe4#dh ,if we look at ^! #gjj in/itutions ( second>y & sup]ior education1 "u ! aspect ( _! con/itution1 t is to say1 ( _! scope1 _! sy/em1 ! supreme legislative & executive p[] :i* *>act]iz$ !m1 we f9d t !y 7 n s mu* a plurality ( in/itutions1 z a s+le "o4 ,take ! #ib colleges ( ,france alone4#di ,9 "o s5se1 ^! may be consid]$ z less unit$ ?an ! #ej colleges ( ! ,p>is ,univ]sity1 = ! ,p>is ,univ]sity 0 9 "o qu>t] ( a city1 :i* (f]s a mat]ial unity2 ^!1 on ! contr>y1 7 spread ov] ! :ole ( ,france1 pres5t+ ! *>act]i/ics ( national education2 j z ! #gjj 7 ov] ! :ole _w1 a cosmopolitan sy/em4 ,b1 reg>d$ 9 _! =mal & ess5tial bond1 !y 7 va/ly m ( a unit1 z an id5tical educational p[]1 ?an any faculty exi/+4 ,no faculty1 :e!r at ,p>is or ,salamanca1 ,rome or ,ox=d1 ev] possess$ t control ov] its #ej1 #bj1 or ev5 #h colleges1 :i* ea* ,prov9cial ,sup]ior ex]cis$ ov] 8 #aj1 #bj1 or #cj1 & ! ,g5]al ov] m ?an #gjj1 ) #bb1abf memb]s 9 ! ,ord]4 ,9 ! "o ,g5]al lay ! p[] ( an active head%ip2 f him ! facultative p[] ( conf]r+ degrees emanat$2 & he _h "o sy/em ( /udies & discipl9e 9 8 *>ge to adm9i/]1 ) a latitude ( discretion accord+ to times1 places1 & circum/ances4 ,z to ! numb]s ( /ud5ts1 & ! g5]al e/imate to be =m$ ( !m1 ,i w record su* data z fall "u ! eye1 :ile pass+ rapidly ov] ! lit]ature ( ! subject4 ,9 ,rome1 ! #bj colleges att5d+ ! classes ( ! ,roman ,college numb]$1 9 #aehd1 #bajh /ud5ts4 ,fa!r ,arg5to1 9 8 apology to ! ,/ates at ,klaus5burg1 9 #afjg1 m5tions t ! s*ools 9 ,transylvania 7 frequ5t$ by ! fl[] ( ! nobility2 &1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! ,affairs 9 ,pol&1 d$icat$ to ,sigismund ,,iii1 he atte/s t f #hjjj to #aj1jjj y\?s1 *iefly ( ! nobility & g5try1 frequ5t$ ! gymnasia ( ! ,ord] 9 ,pol&4 ,at ,r\51 9 ,france1 !re 7 regul>ly #bjjj4 ,at ,la ,fl*e !re 7 #agjj dur+ a c5tury2 #cjj be+ bo>d]s1 ! o!r #adjj f9d+ accommodation 9 ! village1 b always rema9+ "u ! sup]vision ( ! faculty4 ,?r\gh\t ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! numb]s at ! ,college ( ,l\is-le-,gr&1 9 ,p>is1 v>i$ betwe5 #bjjj1 #ahbg1 & #cjjj2 includ+1 9 ! latt] numb]1 #eej bo>d]s4 ,9 #afbg1 only a few ye>s aft] ! re/oration ( ! ,society by ,h5ri ,,iv1 ! "o ,prov9ce ( ,p>is _h1 9 its #ad colleges1 #ac1aie /ud5ts2 :i* w\ld give an av]age ( ne>ly #ajjj to a college4 ,cologne almo/ began ) #hjj /ud5ts1--its roll 9 #aeeh4 ,dil+5 9 #afjg _h #gfj2 9 its convictus1 #aaj ( ! bo>d]s 7 ,religi\s1 besides o!r ,ecclesia/ics2 ! next ye>1 out ( #bej convictores or bo>d]s1 #aah 7 ,religi\s ( v>i\s ,ord]s1 ! secul> ,prie/hood be+ repres5t$ among ! /ud5ts g5]ally4 ,at ,utre*t1 dur+ ! fir/ c5tury ( ! ,ord]'s exi/5ce1 !re 7 #ajjj s*ol>s2 at ,antw]p & ,brussels ea*1 #fjj2 9 mo/ ( ! ,belgian colleges1 #cjj4 ,z to ,spa9 & ,italy1 :i* fir/ saw ! ,society rise 9 _! mid/1 & exp& ) imm5se vigor all ov] !m1 ,i consid] x sup]flu\s to dwell p>ticul>ly ^u !m4 ,9 _m ( ! capitals & important c5tres ?r\gh\t ,europe1 !re 7 sep>ate colleges = nobles4 ,else:]e ! nobility 7 mix$ ) ! re/2 ?us #djj nobles & m 7 att5d+ ! ,jesuit s*ools 9 ,p>is4 ,x 0 /udi\sly aim$ at by ! ,ord] to elim9ate1 9 matt]s ( education1 all di/+ui%+ m>ks or privileges4 ,?us ,fa!r ,buys endeavors1 9 #afaj1 to r$uce ! practice at ,dil+5 to ! cu/om ( ! o!r colleges 9 ! upp] ,g]man ,prov9ce4#ej ,mo/ ( ! ,papal ,sem9>ies f\nd$ by ,gregory ,,xiii1 at ,vi5na1 ,dil+51 ,fulda1 ,prague1 ,gratz1 ,olmtz1 ,wilna1 z well z 9 ,japan & o!r c\ntries1 7 put "u ! direction ( ! ,society2 z ,pius ,,iv did ) 8 ,roman ,sem9>y2 & ,/4 ,*>les ,borromeo ) t ( ,milan4 ,n kn[+ :at ! absolute av]age really 0 9 ^! #gjj in/itutions1 we may /ill =m "s idea ( :at ! sum total ( /ud5ts mu/ h be5 at its l[e/ figure4 ,= ?is purpose1 we c take an av]age :i* seems ab\t ! l[e/ possible4 ,i h n met ) any di/9ct m5tion ( a college hav+ less ?an #cjj s*ol>s4 ,!re are inde$ frequ5t compla9ts 9 ! g5]al assemblies1 reg>d+ :at are d5\nc$ z small colleges4 ,h[ev]1 x seems cle> f num]\s indications1 z1 = in/ance1 f ! ,encyclical lett] ( ! ,g5]al ,paul ,oliva1#ea t ^! colleges 7 call$ small1 n prim>ily on acc\nt ( an insuffici5t numb] ( /ud5ts1 b because ( insuffici5t f\ndations1 :i* did n support ! ,pr(essors actually employ$4 ,a docum5t = ! ,rectors notes t ?us f> almo/ all ! colleges1 ev5 su* z h receiv$ end[m5ts1 suff] want regul>ly1 & h frequ5tly to borr[ money4#eb ,h5ce we may be all[$ to take1 z a t5tative av]age1 #cjj /ud5ts to a college4 ,at once1 we rise to a sum total ( m ?an #bjj1jjj /ud5ts 9 ^! collegiate & univ]sity grades1 all be+ =m$ at a giv5 date "u "o sy/em ( /udies & ( gov]nm5t1 intellectual & moral4 ,if /ati/ics1 9 t nicely tabulat$ =m :i* delights mod]n bureaus1 h fail$ u z we run ov] ! :ole _w to deciph] ! indications1 !re is yet ano!r view :i* we may cat* ( ! same subject1 & "o t is equally valuable4 ,x is ! multitude ( nations into :i* ?is educational gr[? ramifi$4 ,at ,goa1 9 ,h9du/an1 ! sem9>y1 :i* 0 inf]ior to none 9 ,europe1 _h = its /ud5ts1 ,brahm9s1 ,p]sians1 ,arabians1 ,e?iopians1 ,arm5ians1 ,*aldeans1 ,malab>i1 ,cananorii1 ,guz>ates1 ,dacanii1 & o!rs f ! c\ntries beyond ! ,ganges4 ,japan _h its colleges at ,funai1 ,arima1 ,anzu*zana1 & ,nangasaki4 ,*9a _h a college at ,macao2 & lat] on _m m1 rea*+ into ! int]ior1 :]e ! ,fa!rs became ! highe/ m&>9s 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,emp]or1 & built 8 obs]vatory4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury a l>ge numb] ( colleges 7 fl\ri%+ 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,all ( ^! disappe>$1 :5 ! ,ord] 0 suppress$4 ,! y\?1 :o c\ld af=d to obta9 ! education ne$$1 w5t ov] to ,europe1 :5ce !y return$1 a g5]ation q diff]5t f :at _h be5 kn[n ( be=e4 ,!y return$ ) ! pr9ciples ( ! ,revolution4 ,& ! :ole hi/ory ( ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica has *ang$1 f t date onw>ds1 into a s]ies ( revolutions1 :i* are ! /&+ m>vel ( political sci5ti/s to our day4 ,to consult a graphic repres5tation ( h[ ?is educational ,ord] look$ on ! map ( ! _w1 "o may glance into ! n9? volume ( ! ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica4 ,!re ,fa!r ,pa*tl]1 z 9 8 o!r volumes ( ! s]ies1 sket*es only ! ,g]man ,assi/5cy ( ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,! five ,assi/5cies ( ! ,ord] s]v$ ! purposes ( gov]nm5t1 by gr\p+ _m ,prov9ces toge!r into l>g] divisions4 ,9 #agbe1 ! ,g]man ,assi/5cy compris$ n9e out ( ?irty-two ,prov9ces4 ,! n9e 9 "q are ^? ( ,fl&ro-,belgium1 ,fr5* ,belgium1 ! ,l[] ,rh9e1 ! ,upp] ,rh9e1 ,upp] ,g]many1 ,bohemia1 ,au/ria1 ,pol&1 ,li?uania4 ,! map at ! end ( ,fa!r ,pa*tl]'s volume repres5ts all ?is c\ntry1 ) ! t[ns m>k$ diff]5tly1 accord+ z !y conta9$ ei!r univ]sities ( ! ,ord]1 or colleges1 or convictus1 t is1 bo>d+-colleges1 or sem9>ies1 or resid5ces4 ,! *ronological ord] ( _! rise is pres5t$ 9 a table at ! beg9n+ ( ! same volume1 ) a note to indicate m 9 p>ticul> ! grade or amplitude ( ea*1 z be+ a ,/udium ,g5]ale1 o!rwise call$ ,univ]sity or ,academy1 a ,college or a ,gymnasium1 z well z ! annexes ( ea*1 9 ! %ape ( "o or m convictus1 "o or m ,episcopal or ,papal ,sem9>ies1 a college ( nobles1 a convictus = poor s*ol>s4 ,by means ( ?is map1 a graphic pres5tation is af=d$ ( "o ,assi/5cy1 f :i*1 by a prop] ext5sion1 ! :ole _w may be portray$ to ! imag9ation4 ,9 #agej1 )9 ! limits ( ?is map1 !re 7 #bag colleges1 #ee sem9>ies1 #gc resid5ces1 #bd novitiates1 #afj missions1 #f pr(ess$ h\ses4#ec ,! univ]sities "h spok5 (1 o!rwise call$ ,/udia ,g5]alia1 or ,academies1 are q typical1 a special ,jesuit developm5t ( ! m$ival /yle4 ,an exact & (ficial =m1 drawn up = ! ,univ]sity ( ,gratz1 may be f\nd 9 ! same ,monum5ta4#ed ,z ,fa!r ,pa*tl] rem>ks1 x %[s at a glance ! inn] work+ ( a ,jesuit univ]sity1 & ! g5]al sy/em prevail+ ov] ! :ole ,society4 ,he entitles ! docum5t3 ,ordnung e9] auss*lies*li* von ,jesuit5 geleitet5 ,univ]sitt1 or ,e9] selb/ndige ,univ]sitt1 #afeh4 ,! ,lat9 title is3 ,=ma et ,ratio ,gub]n&i ,academias et ,/udia ,g5]alia ,s4 ,j4 ,x 0 ! compilation ( ,fa!r ,john ,arg5to4 ,^u ?is basis ( ! am\nt ( "w done1 z well z its intr9sic "*1 %[n by ! results1 ,i 0 go+ to draw "s inf]5ces ) reg>d to ! am\nt ( ! temporal end[m5ts1 :i* mu/ h be5 requir$ to support su* a va/ organization1 & mu/ h be5 ve/$ 9 ! ,ord] by ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,"o might comp>e ! "w done ) :at ,ox=d accompli%es2 &1 see+ t ! latt] univ]sity supplies ! facilities = high] education1 & t f> f gratuit\sly1 to only a c\ple ( ?\s&s among ! nobility & g5try1 !n1 s9ce x sp5ds ^u ?is an annual rev5ue ( #b1ejj1jjj1 h[ mu* w\ld be requir$ to conduct ! education ( a qu>t] ( a million ( /ud5ts8 ,our ari?metic w\ld feel oppress$ by ! calculation4 ,b ! calculation is n necess>y4 ,x is q evid5t t religi\s pov]ty gave ! key to ! situation1--pov]ty1 self-abnegation1 ! resignation ( all temporal consid]ations 9 life1 by m5 :o _h no families to provide =1 no /ation to acquire2 :o _h !mselves giv5 up e /ation1 f t ( ! cl]ical b5efice1 or ! lib]al & m>tial c>e]s1 to ducal coronets1 pr9c$oms1 & ev5 royalty2 m5 !re=e1 :o 7 be/[+ ) !mselves1 & 9 !mselves1 ! ess5tial end[m5t ( education ^u ! _w1 & :o ne$$ only to h t supplem5t$ ) ! few temporal necessities /ill rema9+4 ,& ! conclusion to be drawn seems to be ?is4 ,! ,*ri/ian _w1 :e!r rul] or p1 republic or municipality1 0 mak+ a safe & lucrative inve/m5t1 :e!r at home or abroad1 9 ! mid/ ( civilization or ( b>b>ism1 :5 x consign$ ! absolute use ( suffici5t temporalities to a _w-wide faculty1 inspir$ by ! s5tim5t ( religi\s devotion4 ,= :at is ! object ( any religi\s society :atsoev]8 ,x is to complete 9 ea* ( its memb]s ! duties ( ! man1 ! citiz5 & ! ,*ri/ian1 ) o!r duties call$ religi\s1 :i*1 correlative ) ! =m]1 are nev]!less di/9ct f !m4 ,!y are duties :i* presuppose ! moral virtues1 ! civil & ,*ri/ian virtues1 & t5d to complete !m ) ! highe/ qualities to :i* p]fect ,*ri/ianity aspires1 ^? ( self-devotion & religi\s self-consecration4 ,h5ce ! exp]i5ces1 mak+ a drama & a trag$y1 :5 ! ,society abruptly disappe>$4 ,suppos+ ev5 t en\gh ( compet5t m51 ) all p]sonal requirem5ts1 c\ld h be5 f\nd to fill ! void1 :at ( _! sal>ies & support8 ,take an in/ance4 ,! rev5ues1 :i* at ,b\rges _h be5 en\gh = ! support ( ?irty ,jesuits1 7 f\nd1 aft] ! ,suppression ( ! ,ord]1 n to af=d an adequate comp5sation = t5 secul> ,pr(essors4#ee ,fr$]ic ,,ii ( ,prussia1 s5d+ an ag5t to negotiate ) ,pius ,,vi ab\t reta9+ ! ,ord] 9 8 ,/ates1 expresses himself ?us 9 a lett] to ,voltaire3 ,! sure/ means 7to p]petuate a s]ies ( ,pr(essors7 is to pres]ve a sem9>y ( m5 de/9$ to tea*4 ,9 /udy+ ! sci5ces1 !y fit !mselves = ! (fice ( in/ruct+4 ,x w\ld be no easy task to fill in/antane\sly a vacancy left by a skilful pr(essor4 ,if ! education ( ord9>y citiz5s be necess>y1 ! tra9+ up ( in/ructors mu/ be no less s4 ,& !n1 com+ to ! po9t be=e u1 ! ,k+ cont9ues3 ,besides1 !re are reasons ( economy = pref]r+ su* a body ( m5 to m]e secul> individuals4 ,! pr(essor tak5 f ! latt] class w co/ m1 because he has a great] numb] ( wants4 ,x is ne$less to rem>k t ! prop]ty ( ! ,jesuits w\ld n be suffici5t to remun]ate _! successors2 & t rev5ues1 :i* pass ov] to ! adm9i/ration ( ! gov]nm5t1 always suff] dim9ution4#ef ,speak+ ( ,ganganelli1 ,pope ,clem5t ,,xiii1 :o 0 "u pressure f v>i\s qu>t]s to make him suppress ! ,ord]1 ,fr$]ic writes to ,voltaire 9 #aggj3 ,= my own "p1 ,i h no reason to compla9 ( him2 he leaves me my de> ,jesuits1 :om !y are p]secut+ ev]y:]e4 ,i w save ! preci\s se$1 to give "s ( x1 "o day1 to ^? :o %\ld wi% to cultivate a plant s r>e4#eg ,! te/imony ( docum5ts is uni=m ^u ! pov]ty ( ^! m51 :om ,prote/ant hi/orians l ,grotius1 ,rob]tson1 & o!rs m>vel at1 = ! au?ority !y possess$ 9 ! _w1 = ! purity ( _! lives1 _! success 9 tea*+1 & _! art ( comm&+ ) wisdom z !y !mselves obey$ ) fidelity4 ,_! life 0 "o ( /rait5$ circum/ances & self-abnegation4 ,we may see x illu/rat$ 9 ,dil+54#eh ,or aga91 at ! great royal college1 f\nd$ by ,h5ri ,,iv at ,la ,fl*e1 :]e ?ree hundr$ bo>d]s 7 suppos$ to be pay+ _! own exp5ses1 z p5sionnaires1 we f9d ,l\is ,,xiii issu+ a royal decree t 8 magi/rates are to prosecute les rt>dataires et les rcalcitrants p> t\tes les voyes raisonnables1 p]sons :o did n pay ! exp5ses ( _! own *ildr51 b left t int]e/+ occupation to ! college4 ,) all t1 says ,ro*emonteix1 no?+ came ( x1 nei!r ( ! royal injunctions1 nor ( judicial suits2 ?+s w5t on ! same way1 ! p>5ts pay+ badly1 & ! treasur]s lam5t+4#ei ,i w close ?is *apt] ) "o case1 because x s]ves to emphasize a p>ticul> sequel ( ! ,suppression2 t is1 ! revival ( a tuition-fee4 ,a rec5t au?or1 writ+ 9 #ahij1 tells ! hi/ory ( ! ,college ( ,sa9t-,yves at ,vannes1 9 ,brittany4 ,he sums up its rev5ues at #fjjj livres4 ,plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,ord]1 ?is college1 9 #afcf1 t is1 sev5 ye>s aft] ! ,society _h assum$ *>ge1 direct$ #djj /ud5ts2 lat] on1 #ijj2 & !n #abjj4 ,9 #agfb1 ! faculty consi/$ ( ?irte5 memb]s1 besides ! f\r ,fa!rs engag$ 9 ! adjo9+ h\se ( retreats4 ,all r5d]$ v>i\s s]vices1 z is usual 9 a college ( ,jesuit in/ructors4 ,to ^! we mu/ add ! requisite complem5t ( ! faculty1 at lea/ half z _m m lay assi/ants1 belong+ to ! ,ord]1 & to ! same local community4 ,"h !n are tw5ty-two at ! lea/1 subsi/+ on #fjjj livres a ye>2 & mean:ile provid+ _! h\se1 _! libr>y1 _! physical cab9et1 :i* 0 fully fitt$ up ) all necess>y in/rum5ts1 & _! obs]vatory4#fj ,! mom5t aft] ! ,suppression1 he goes on to say1 x 0 q ano!r affair6 ,t5 secul> pr(essors co/ #aa1jjj livres = _! sal>ies alone6 ,! au?or gives ! li/ ( _! sal>ies4 ,to re/abli% equilibrium1 "o ( ! fir/ acts ( ! p>liam5t 0 to exact f ea* s*ol> a tuition-fee ( twelve livres2 & yet !y compla9$1 !y c\ld n make ends meet4 ,obs]ve1 a tuition-fee6 ,on ! day aft] ! ,suppression1 !y beg9 to undo ! v "w1 :i*1 two hundr$ & ?irty ye>s be=e1 ! ,ord] _h begun to d at its bir?1 spread+ education gratuit\sly1 )\t draw+ on pupils1 or draw+ on ! public treasury4 ,well might ! ,g5]al ,v9c5t ,c>affa say1 9 ! "t ( ! ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>1 ,we ab\nd r 9 m5 ?an 9 rev5ues4 ,& he says s1 9 ! same brea? & 9 ! same s5t5ce1 9 :i* he is ask+ ,prie/s to (f] !mselves = life to ! "w ( tea*+ ! l[] bran*es1 a "w :i* he calls labori\s1 9 times :i* he specifies z disa/r\s1 & 9 circum/ances :i* he describes z hav+ no provision made = ! means ( liv+4#fa ,?is brief sket* w g to %[ h[ ! ,*ri/ian _w did1 inde$1 meet ! proposal ( ! ,ord]1 & f\nd sev5 hundr$ colleges4 ,b x also %[s h[ ! ,ord] end[$ ! _w1 & _h ev5 to make good1 ) its p]sonal h]oism1 ! defects 9 _m ( ! f\ndations4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,! ,,intellectual ,,scope ,,& ,,me?od ,,propos$4 ,z ! second "p ( ?is book is int5d$ to be a p$agogic analysis ( ! m5tal culture imp>t$1 ,i ne$ n sket* "h1 save 9 a g5]al way1 ! intellectual scope propos$ by ,ignatius ( ,loyola1 & ! me?od :i* he orig9at$4 ,bo? scope & me?od v>y some:at1 accord+ z ! /ud5ts contemplat$ are respectively ext]nal to ! ,ord]1 or memb]s ( x4 ,! latt] are to be qualifi$ = becom+ future ,pr(essors1 ev5 ?\gh1 9 po9t ( fact1 only a c]ta9 proportion ( !m become s4 ,/udi\s y\? 9 g5]al1 includ+ ,ecclesia/ics & ,religi\s ( ! v>i\s ,ord]s1 are consid]$ by ,ignatius z di/ribut$ amid two k9ds ( educational in/itutions4 ,"o ( ^! he calls ! ,public ,s*ool2 ! o!r1 a ,univ]sity4 ,! fir/ is t :i* ext5ds1 9 its c\rses1 f ! rudim5ts ( lit]ature up to ! l[] level ( univ]sity education4 ,he says3 ,:]e x c conv5i5tly be done1 let ,public ,s*ools be op5$1 at lea/ 9 ! dep>tm5ts ( ,humane ,lett]s4#fb ,9 a note1 he expla9s t ,moral ,!ology may be treat$ 9 a gymnasium ( ?is k9d4 ,fa!r ,aquaviva1 9 #aehh1 puts ?is k9d ( s*ool d[n z ! l[e/ ( ?ree ranks ( colleges2 & sums up ! c\rses z be+ ^? ( ,gramm>1 ,humanities1 ,rhetoric1 ,languages1 & ,moral ,!ology4#fc ,he also expla9s :y ! l[e/ ,jesuit curriculum mu/ fill ^! requirem5ts1 9 ord] t ! ,society be n defraud$ ( ! end x has 9 view1 :i* is1 to c>ry ! /ud5ts on at lea/ z f> z m$iocrity 9 le>n+1 s t !y may g =? into _! respective vocations1 ,ecclesia/ics to _! m9i/ry1 lay /ud5ts to _! own "w 9 life1 qualifi$ 9 "s degree ) a suffici5cy ( lit]>y culture4#fd ,?is curriculum s]v$ also ! purpose ( ^?1 :o1 :ile memb]s ( ! ,ord]1 7 = "s reason disp5s$ f ! full c\rse ( /udies4#fe ,if any grades are want+ 9 a college1 x mu/ be ! l[] ones :i* are omitt$1 ! high] be+ reta9$4#ff ,ignatius goes on to limit ! c\rses 9 a gymnasium ( ?is k9d3 ,let n high] sci5ces be treat$ "h2 b1 to pursue !m1 ! /ud5ts :o h made due progress 9 lit]ature are to be s5t f ^! colleges to ! univ]sities4#fg ,pass+ on to univ]sities ( ! ,ord]1 he def9es = _! scope1 fir/1 9 behalf ( ^? :o are to be ,ecclesia/ics1 ,s*ola/ic ,!ology1 ,holy ,scripture1 & ,positive ,!ology2 secondly1 = all /ud5ts1 ,humane ,lett]s1 ,lat91 ,greek1 ,hebrew1 & o!r su* languages z ,*aldaic1 ,arabic1 & ,indian1 subject to ! dem&s ( necessity or utility2 moreov]1 ,logic1 ,physics1 ,metaphysics1 ,moral ,philosophy1 & ,ma!matics4 ,all ^! dep>tm5ts are to be provid$ = by ,pr(essors ( ! ,ord]4 ,if ! dep>tm5ts ( ,civil ,law & ,m$ic9e are add$1 !y w be conduct$ by ,pr(essors n ( ! ,society4#fh ,z to ! ,s*ola/ic memb]s ( ! ,society1 _! m5tal culture 9 ! ,ord] beg9s1 ( c\rse1 :]e _! collegiate curriculum _h clos$1 t is1 at ! end ( _! classical c\rse4 ,_! /udies h5ce=? are def9$ by two objects2 "o1 t ( pr(ess+1 z =m$ ,jesuits 9 ! future1 :at !y are /udy+ n[2 ! o!r1 t ( be+ diff]5tiat$1 accord+ to tal5t & circum/ance1 into prea*]s1 writ]s1 directors ( consci5ces1 or manag]s ( affairs4 ,9 view ( ?is two-fold object1 all ! exam9ations1 arrang$ = memb]s ( ! ,ord] 9 ! advanc$ c\rses1 are regulat$ by "o /&>d1 t ! ,jesuit ,s*ola/ics mu/ be f\nd compet5t1 at ea* /age1 to tea* ! c\rse 9 :i* !y are be+ te/$4 ,accord+ly1 !y review _! previ\s lit]>y acquirem5ts1 9 all ! l9es :i* ! ,society regul>ly pr(esses2 !n1 dur+ ?ree ye>s1 !y apply exclusively to ,philosophy & ,natural ,sci5ces2 &1 f\r ye>s m1 to ,div9ity & alli$ ,sci5ces4#fi ,?is protract$ c\rse1 !re=e1 z giv5 m 9 detail by ! subsequ5t ,ratio1 consi/s ( ,poetry1 ,rhetoric1 & ,lit]ature2 ,ma!matics1 ,physics1 & ,*emi/ry2 ,logic1 ,ontology1 ,cosmology1 ,psy*ology1 & ,natural ,!ology2 ,e?ics1 ,natural1 ,social & ,public ,"r1 ,moral ,!ology1 ,canon ,law1 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 ,s*ola/ic ,!ology1 ,hebrew1 ,sacr$ ,scripture4 ,! c\rses are to be pursu$ ei!r 9 ! same classes :i* ext]nal /ud5ts att5d1 or1 9 _! own univ]sity classes1 :5 a g5]al h\se ( /udies is =m$ z a ,s*ola/icate4 ,9 bo? cases1 !y h ,sem9>y ex]cises ( _! own1 beyond :at is requir$ 9 ! mo/ cond5s$ univ]sity c\rses4 ,^? :om heal? & excell5ce h approv$ at e /ep are ord9>ily to be )drawn f /udies1 :5 ! c\rse ( ,arts has be5 f9i%$1 & :5 f\r ye>s h be5 sp5t on ,!ology4#gj ,specialties are to be cultivat$4#ga ,subsequ5t legislation places ^! specialties 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! ,arts & ,!ology2 &1 aga91 aft] ! latt]4 ,?is1 9 brief1 is ! practical idea ( ! ,pr(essorial ,sem9>ies1 philological1 philosophical1 sci5tific1 & !ological1 ?r\gh :i* ! /ream ( future ,pr(essors is cont9ually pass+4 ,ea* "o is subject1 at e /age1 to exam9ation te/s :i* include ! mo/ di/9ct ref]5ce to pr(essorial capacity4 ,! te*nical /&>d 9 ! exam9ations is t ( surpass+ m$iocrity1 :i* t]m is accurately def9$1 z we %all see lat]1 :5 analyz+ ! ,ratio4#gb ,:ile ! deplet$ ranks ( ! pr(essorial body are ?us regul>ly suppli$1 x is cle> t m s]vices rema9 available 9 ! ,ord] at l>ge1 ?an ! s+le purpose ( education w\ld at any "t require4 ,b ?is only s]ves ! wid] scope :i* ! ,society has 9 view1 mu* wid] ?an education tak5 alone4 ,& ,ignatius makes m5tion ( ?is expressly :5 he says1 t ! ,s*ola/ic /ud5ts may nev] come to pr(ess ! le>n+ :i* !y h acquir$2 /ill !y are to consid] t labor ( /udies z a "w ( great m]it 9 ! sight ( ,god4#gc ,s mu* = ! wide/ & highe/ intellectual objects aim$ at 9 ^! /udies4 ,look+ d[n n[ to its l[e/ limit1 we p]ceive t education1 z imp>t$ by ! ,society to ! ext]nal _w1 is to beg9 n bel[ ! rudim5ts ( gramm>1 9 :i* boys mu/ already be v]s$2 !y mu/ "k h[ to read & write2 nor is any all[ance to be made 9 favor ( any "o1 :atev] be 8 condition ( life2 b ^? :o press ^! petitions ^u u are to be answ]$1 t we are n p]mitt$ to tea* ! elem5ts4 ,?is is ! ord9ance ( ,aquaviva1 9 #aeib1 & he simply ref]s to ! ,con/itution4#gd ,he also notes1 9 ! same docum5t1 t ! new ,ratio ,/udiorum elevates e grade1 z x /ood at t date1 "o ye> high] ?an x _h be5 be=e4 ,! docum5t is f ! ,g]man ar*ives4 ,pa*tl] obs]ves t mo/ ( ! ,lat9 s*ools1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,prote/ant ,g]many1 took *ildr5 up f ! alphabet4#ge ,! effect ( ! ,jesuit sy/em 0 t ( a con/ant upw>d tr5d to :at 0 high]1 m sy/ematic1 & complete4 ,?is br+s u to ! "q ( me?od4 ,"h a numb] ( elem5ts occur1 "s ( !m ess5tial1 _m ( !m subord9ate4 ,^! latt]1 at lea/1 7 ! products ( +5uity & indu/ry on ! "p ( ! tea*+ body1 & 7 productive ( indu/ry & life on ! "p ( s*ol>s4 ,to illu/rate ! :ole matt]1 ,i w ref] to au?ors :o 7 address+ ! _w1 soon aft] ! ,society _h tak5 its /& z an educational p[]1 & :5 its in/itutions 7 conspicu\s to ! eyes ( all4 ,fir/ comes classification1 :i* 0 an ess5tial feature ( ! ,jesuit sy/em4 ,ribad5eira1 ! intimate fri5d ( ,ignatius1 :5 writ+ ! life ( ,loyola1 9 ! ye> #aehd1 & describ+ ! "w ( ! ,ord]1 n[ =ty-f\rs ye>s old1 obs]ves3 ,else:]e "o ,pr(essor has _m grades ( s*ol>s be=e him2 he addresses himself at "o & ! same "t to s*ol>s :o are at ! bottom1 midway1 & at ! top2 & he c sc>cely meet ! dem&s ( ea*4 ,b1 9 ! ,society1 we di/+ui% "o rank ( s*ol>s f ano!r1 divid+ !m into _! own classes & ord]s2 & sep>ate ,pr(essors are plac$ ov] ea*4#gf ,! division ( classes1 a ?+ s natural to u1 0 9 ^? times a novelty4 ,!re 7 practically only two degrees ( tea*+2 "o sup]ior1 embrac+ ,!ology1 ,law1 & ,m$ic9e2 ! o!r prep>atory4 ,! prep>atory in/ruction _h already be5 t5d+ t[>ds ! lat] sy/em ( grad+2 ! t]m class 0 an expression ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,fa!r ,ro*emonteix1 speak+ ( ! ,p>is ,univ]sity1 notes t ! fir/ au!ntic act1 9 :i* ! t]m is us$1 dates f #aeci4gg ,f #aece1 ! division ( /udies1 by means ( classes1 0 already be+ accompli%$4 ,/ill !re 0 no def9ite numb] ( grades4 ,! /udy ( lit]>y models 0 defective4 ,gramm> 0 becl\d$ ) ! subtleties ( dialectics1 to ! great prejudice ( writt5 composition1 z well z ( ! read+ & imitation ( models4#gh ,n[ x w be obs]v$ t ,ignatius 0 /udy+ 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is f #aebh to #aece2 & 8 companions rema9$ till #aecf4 ,by ! "t he publi%$ ! ,con/itution z a rule ( guidance1 he _h become surr\nd$ by m51 :o 7 n m]ely graduates ( univ]sities1 b _h be5 ,doctors1 ,pr(essors1 & ,rectors 9 ,portugal1 ,spa91 ,france1 ,italy1 ,belgium1 ,g]many4 ,"o consequ5ce 0 t ,ignatius1 f ! v beg9n+1 =mulat$ a complete sy/em ( grad$ classes4 ,he relegat$ dialectics to its prop] field1 ,philosophy & ,!ology4 ,&1 br++ into prom95ce ! read+ ( au?ors1 & ! practice ( /yle 9 imitation ( ! be/ models1 he def9$ a me?od4 ,?is1 aft] be+ elaborat$ dur+ =ty ye>s1 0 !n f\nd to be n only new1 b complete1 & good = c5turies to come4 ,x arrang$ c\rses 9 a s]ies1 hav+ ref]5ce to "o ano!r2 x cord9at$ def9ite /ages ( ! c\rses ) def9ite matt] to be se52 &1 9 ! l[] bran*es x di/ribut$ ! /ud5ts1 ) _! respective portions ( ! matt]1 into five grades1 classify+ precepts1 au?ors1 & ex]cises1 z proportion$ to ea* successive grade4 ,no?+ m famili> to ourselves n[2 no?+ new] to ! _w !n6 ,?is 0 ! ,ratio ,/udiorum4 ,! grades ( ! gymnasium may include sev]al divisions1 accord+ to ! numb] ( /ud5ts2 b ! grad+ itself rema9s fix$1 & leaves no elem5t1 ei!r ( actual culture1 or ( future developm5ts1 unprovid$ =1 or )\t a location4 ,nor d ^! grades mean five ye>s4 ,!y mean a "w to be done 9 ea* grade1 be=e ! next is tak5 up4 ,on ?is1 ! m9d ( ,ignatius 0 mo/ explicit4 ,z an almo/ univ]sal rule1 !y nev] mean less ?an five ye>s4 ,&1 = "o ( !m1 ! grade ( ,rhetoric1 9 :i* all lit]>y p]fection is to be acquir$1 ! sy/em contemplates two & ev5 ?ree ye>s4 ,9 ?is po9t1 too1 we may note a *>act]i/ic view ( ,ignatius4 ,x is t ! long] t]m1 :5ev] provid$1 :5ev] prescrib$1 urg$1 & insi/$ ^u1 is always = ! tal5t$ /ud5t1 ! "o :o is to become em95t4 ,to use 8 own words1 :5 lay+ d[n ! rules 9 ?is matt] = ! ,rector ( a ,univ]sity1 8 full idea w be c>ri$ out1 :5 ^? :o are ( ! prop] age1 & h ! aptitude ( g5ius1 endeavor to succe$ 9 e bran* & to be conspicu\s !re94#gi ,to enum]ate n[ "s ( ! subord9ate elem5ts 9 ! ,jesuit me?od1 ,i w quote f ! same au?or1 ,ribad5eira4 ,he says1 speak+ ( "y s*ol>s3 ,_m means are devis$1 & ex]cises employ$1 to /imulate ! m9ds ( ! "y--assidu\s disputation1 v>i\s trials ( g5ius1 prizes (f]$ = excell5ce 9 tal5t & indu/ry4 ,^! pr]ogatives & te/imonies ( virtue vehem5tly ar\se ! m9ds ( /ud5ts1 awake !m ev5 :5 sleep+1 &1 :5 !y are ar\s$ & are runn+ on ) a good w1 impel !m & spur !m on fa/]4 ,=1 z p5alty & disgrace bridle ! w & *eck x f pursu+ evil1 s honor & praise quick5 ! s5se wond]fully1 to atta9 ! dignity & glory ( virtue4 ,he quotes ,cic]o & ,qu9tilian to ! same effect4#hj ,?is 0 n to develop a false self-love 9 "y he>ts2 :i* w\ld h be5 little to ! purpose ) religi\s tea*]s4 ,let !m root out f !mselves1 9 e possible way1 self-love & ! crav+ = va9 glory1 says ! olde/ code ( s*ool rules 9 ! ,society1 probably f ! p5 ( ,fa!r ,pet] ,canisius himself4#ha ,:at is appeal$ to1 is ! _s ( emulation1 & t by a _w ( indu/ries2 :i*1 disguis+ ! aridity ( ! "w to be gone ?r\gh1 spurs "y /ud5ts on to excell5ce 9 :atev] !y und]take1 & rew>ds ! developm5t ( natural en]gies ) ! natural luxury ( confess$ly do+ well4 ,9 ! dry c\rse ( virtue & le>n+1 satisfaction ( ?is k9d is n excit$ 9 ! "y1 )\t a sign1 a tok51 a badge1 a prize4 ,!n !y feel happy 9 hav+ done well1 h[ev] little !y enjoy$ ! labor be=e4 ,honorable di/9ctions well manag$1 sometimes a %>e 9 ! unimportant direction ( ! class1 brilliancy ( success 9 s+le combat on ! field ( k1 ( memory1 or ( intellectual self-reliance1 ! ord]$ discrim9ation ( habitual m]it1 all ^! means & _m o!rs keep ! little army 9 a condition ( m5tal activity1 & sometimes ( susp5se2 & if n all are victori\s1 all at lea/ h trav]s$ ! /r5g!n+ probation ( /ruggle4#hb ,9 all ! c\rses ( ,belles-lettres1 ,rhetoric1 ,philosophy1 & ,!ology1 ! in/itutions call$ ,academies ga!r into select bodies ! mo/ tal5t$ & exempl>y ( ! /ud5ts4 ,! "y littrateurs1 or philosoph]s1 hav+ _! own (ficials1 special reunions1 & ar*ives1 hold _! public sessions 9 pres5ce ( ! o!r /ud5ts1 ! ,ma/]s1 & illu/ri\s p]sonages invit$ = ! occasion4 ,9 _! poems1 spee*es1 dialogues1 !y discuss1 declaim1 & rise to great ?\ghts1 & to ! conception ( great de$s4 ,civil discords are n ! subject ( _! debates1 b ! glories ( _! native c\ntry1 its success 9 arms1 all t is cong5ial to ! "y m9d & fo/]s ! s5tim5t ( love ( c\ntry4 ,among ! /ud5ts ( ,rhetoric1 =5sic debates & judicial trials are organiz$2 & :5 ! advocates ( bo? sides h plead$ _! cause 9 "o or two sessions ( ! c\rt1 !n1 says a docum5t ,i am quot+ f1 dat$ #aehj1 ! judge1 :o has be5 elect$ = ! purpose1 w pron\nce 8 judgm5t 9 an oration ( 8 own2 ?is w be ! brilliant p]=mance2 &1 to he> x1 fri5ds w be invit$1 & ! ,doctors ( ! ,univ]sity & all ! /ud5ts w be 9 att5dance4#hc ,9 ! programme = ! di/ribution ( rew>ds1 !re is describ$ an int]e/+ elem5t1 pu] lepidus1 a bright "y lad1 & :at he is to d & h[ he is to br+ out ! "n ( ! victor1 :]eupon ! music w /rike up a sweet symphony4#hd ,at ano!r "t1 a set ( publi%$ !ses are def5d$ aga9/ all com]s by "s philosoph] or !ologian4 ,&1 :ile games & manly ex]cises outside develop physical /r5g?1 g5tility ( demeanor & elegance ( deportm5t h ! /age at _! s]vice inside1 = ! exhibition ( ref9$ mann]s4 ,9 all ?is1 pr9ces & nobles1 future m5 ( lett]s & ( action1 are m+l+ 9 daily life1 9 conte/ & emulation1 ) sons ( ! simple/ burgh]s4 ,desc>tes#he notes ^! po9ts sagaci\sly1 :5 he recomm5ds to a fri5d ! ,college ( ,la ,fl*e3 ,"y p are !re1 he says1 f all p>ts ( ,france2 !re is a m+l+ ( *>act]s2 _! mutual int]c\rse effects almo/ ! same good results z if !y 7 actually travell+2 &1 9 f9e1 ! equality :i* ! ,jesuits e/abli% among all1 by treat+ j 9 ! same way ^? :o are mo/ illu/ri\s & ^? :o are n s1 is an extremely good inv5tion4#hf ,z ! new sci5ces came into vogue1 !y receiv$ at once ! fre$om ( ?is city ( intellect2 & "h !y receiv$ x fir/4 ,x has be5 said1 inde$1 t ! ,society ( ,jesus1 ob/9ately b\nd to its =malism1 refus$ to admit any?+ mod]n1 real1 & actual1 & t ! national languages & lit]atures1 z well z ! new develop+ sci5ces1 f>$ ill at its h&s4 ,?is /atem5t1 z f> z x conc]ns ,france1 is exam9$ by ,fa!r ,*>les ,daniel1 :o to o!r valuable works ( 8 own has add$ ! neat little essay call$1 ,les ,jsuites ,in/ituteurs de la ,jeunesse ,franaise1 au ,,xviie et au ,,xviiie sicle4#hg ,z to ,g]many1 we %all see indications en\gh on all ^! subjects 9 ! ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica4 ,= all c\ntries !re is a suffici5cy ( in=mation1 9 ! m]e text ( ! ,ratio ,/udiorum1 9 ,j\vancy's classic comm5t>y !reupon1 ,de ,ratione ,disc5di et ,doc5di1 & o!r au!ntic docum5ts1 besides ! actual practice visible 9 ! colleges4 ,b ! :ole "q ab\t ! v]nacul> tongues1 z if !y 7 kept out ( ! colleges by ,lat9 & ,greek1 is s f> an ana*ronism = ! dates & epo*s1 reg>d+ :i* "s mod]ns h agitat$ ! "q1 t ,i %all tell a little anecdote1 :i* w n be s mu* ( a digression1 b t x w place u back j :]e we are at pres5t4 ,9 #afje1 ,"l ,bacon publi%$ 8 two books on ! ,advancem5t ( ,le>n+4 ,! "w is consid]$ ! fir/ "p ( 8 ,novum ,organum4 ,he und]takes to make a small ,globe1 z he says1 ( ! ,intellectual ,_w1 z truly & fai?fully z he c discov]4#hh ,8 subject is id5tical1 z f> z x goes1 ) ! mu* m ext5sive & exhau/ive "w ( ,fa!r ,an?ony ,possev9o1 a fam\s ,jesuit1 :o _h publi%$1 twelve ye>s be=e1 ! results ( tw5ty ye>s' travel & obs]vation1 :ile fulfill+1 9 _m c\ntries1 ! important duties ( ,apo/olic ,legate1 ,prea*]1 ,pr(essor4 ,i h two editions ( 8 great tomes be=e me4 ,! fir/ is t ( ,rome1 #aeic2 ! o!r t ( ,v5ice1 #afjc2 ?is latt] is call$ ! mo/ rec5t edition4#hi ,! only indication :i* ,i disc]n ( ,bacon's n hav+ pr(it$ by ,possev9o is ?is1 t he says3 ,no man ha? prop\nd$ to himself ! g5]al /ate ( le>n+ to be describ$ & repres5t$ f age to age4#ij ,n[1 z ?is is say+ too mu*1 = x j indicates :at ,possev9o's labors _h be5 %[+ to ! _w dur+ twelve ye>s1 ,i mu/ conclude t !re is no assurance :atev]1 b t ,bacon pr(it$ by ,possev9o3 he seems m]ely to h gone ov] ! same gr\nd 9 ,engli%1 & done ju/ice to ! subject1 9 8 own peculi> way4 ,accord+ly1 he did x :at ju/ice he c\ld1 9 ,engli%4 ,?ree ye>s lat] he writes to ,dr4 ,playf]1 ,m>g>et ,pr(essor ( ,div9ity 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge1 reque/+ t ! ,doctor w\ld be pleas$ to translate ! "w into ,lat92 & 8 lord%ip promises et]nal gratitude4 ,:at reasons does ! noble au?or urge = ?is reque/8 ,two reasons1 ( :i* ! fir/ is v notewor?y = our purpose3--! privat5ess ( ! language1 :]e9 x is writt51 exclud+ s _m read]s6 ,& ! second is almo/ z wor?y ( note3--! obscurity ( ! argum5t1 9 _m p>ts ( x1 exclud+ _m o!rs6#ia ,"h we h our dome/ic classic au?or1 9 ! ye> #afjh1 endeavor+ to get out ( 8 n>r[ cell1 ! privat5ess ( ! ,engli% language1 into ! broad _w ( ! lit]>y public1 :]e ! ,jesuit ) 8 tomes 0 enjoy+ to ! full 8 lit]>y fran*ise4 ,?is does n look z if ! colleges1 at t "t1 kept ! languages d[n1 b r t !y _h 9 _! gift ! full fre$om ( ! lit]>y _w1 & s5t /ud5ts =? to walk abroad at _! ease !re1 :]e ,bacon humbly su$ = admission6 ,i 0 go+ to quote f ,possev9o1 describ+ 9 a graphic way ! daily intellectual life ( ! great ,roman ,college1 ) its two ?\s& & m /ud5ts1 besides ! great body ( ,pr(essors4 ,b my limits =bid me to d m ?an ref] to x4#ib ,!re are two views :i* may be tak5 ( a co91 & its /amp4 ,"o is tak5 direct1 look+ at x 9 itself2 ! o!r is indirect1 obs]v+ ! impression x leaves 9 ! m\ld4 ,x leaves a def9$ vacancy !re4 ,:at k9d ( vacancy 0 left 9 ! intellectual culture ( ,europe1 :5 ?is intellectual sy/em 0 sudd5ly swept away8 ,be=e ! ,suppression ( ! ,society1 "s ( ! in/itutions1 :i* _h ?riv5 at all1 _h be5 inspir$ by a heal?ful rivalry4 ,!y f\nd1 :5 ! ,society 0 gone1 t "p ( _! life decay$4 ,&1 :ile !y !mselves began to langui%1 ! place ( ! ,jesuits !y c\ld n fill4 ,( "s o!rs1 :o liv$ a life b>ely disc]nible1 we are giv5 to und]/&1 t _! vitality consi/$ 9 ! ef=t to keep ! ,jesuits out4 ,i w take an in/ance f ,bayonne4 ,a "w has j be5 publi%$ on ! municipal college ( ,bayonne1 by ! ,c5sor ( ,/udies1 9 ! ,lyceum ( ,ag54#ic ,9 sev5ty pages1 :i* conc]n transactions ) ! ,jesuits1#id ! au?or1 9 no fri5dly tone1 n>rates ! entire hi/ory f ! docum5ts ( ! ,jans5i/ p>ty4 ,i w imitate ?is example ( 8 s f> z to n>rate ! foll[+ entirely 9 8 own words4 ,beg9n+ 8 la/ *apt]1 entitl$ ,re=m & ,conclusion1 he says 9 a tone some:at subdu$1 b n m s ?an 8 subject3#ie ,?is !n 0 ! ,college ( ,bayonne1 :i*1 = a few ye>s m1 prolong$ an exi/5ce ev] m & m prec>i\s2 & x 0 f9ally clos$ 9 #agib1 9 spite ( sev]al g5]\s ef=ts at re/or+ x4 ,b already1 he cont9ues1 = ?irty ye>s1 a great lit]>y ev5t _h be5 accompli%$ 9 second>y education4 ,a decree ( ! ,p>liam5t ( ,p>is1 dat$ ! #af? ( ,augu/1 #agfb1 _h pron\nc$ ! expulsion ( ! 'ci-devant soi-disants ,jsuites'2 :i* decree 0 ?is "t def9itively execut$4 ,n[ ! ,jesuits1 9 _! five ,prov9ces ( ,france1 possess$ !n ne>ly a hundr$ colleges4 ,judge ( ! imm5se void :i* 0 sudd5ly creat$ 9 ! second>y in/ruction ( ! ,prov9ce1 ill prep>$ = s abrupt a dep>ture6 ,!re 0 a g5]al confusion1 & a conc]t1 z x 71 ( compla9ts & recrim9ations4 ,:]e get ! new ma/]s8444 ,! discipl9>y & f9ancial adm9i/ration ( ! colleges1 left vacant by ! ,jesuits1 0 confid$ to ! bureaus1 t is to say1 assemblies compos$ ( ! ,ar*bi%op or ,bi%op1 ! ,lieut5ant ,g5]al1 ! ,k+'s ,proctor1 & ! s5ior ,ald]man4444 ,e "o soon felt ! inconv5i5ces ( ?is sy/em4 ,! municipal (fic]s ( ! cities1 ! bureaus !mselves ha/5$ to petition ! ,k+1 t _! colleges might be confid$ to religi\s communities4 ,?us x 0 t ! great] "p ( ! old ,jesuit colleges fell into ! h&s ( ! ,b5$ict9es & ,b]n>d9es1 ( ! ,c>melites & ,m9ims1 ( ,jacob9s & ,cordeli]s1 ( ,capu*9s & ,recollects1 ( ,doctr9aires & ,b>nabites1 & above all1 ( ! ,oratorians4 ,b all ^! ,religi\s1 except ! ,oratorians1 fell f> %ort ( ! ,jesuits4 ,! great] "p _h n ev5 any idea ( tea*+1 etc4 ,!n ! au?or devotes a heavy page to ! novel sy/ems :i* 7 introduc$4 ,he closes ! p>agraph sadly3 ,all ?is agitation1 he says1 0 un=tunately /]ile2 &1 z ,i h j said1 second>y in/ruction1 on ! eve ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 _h n tak5 a /ep =w>d dur+ fifty ye>s4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,moral ,,scope ,,propos$4 ,sweet is ! hol9ess ( y\?1 says ,*auc]4 ,nor less grateful to ! eye are ^? g5tle mann]s ( y\?1 :i* ano!r b>d portrays z imp]sonat$ 9 8 cele/ial lights1 :o say3-- ,we all ,are ready at ?y pleasure1 well dispos$ ,to d !e g5tle s]vice4#if ,*ri/ian morals & ,*ri/ian mann]s make ! p]fect g5tleman4 ,plato _h put x d[n t he :o ha? a good s\l is good2 & he insi/$ t no y\?1 :o has _h a p]sonal acqua9tance ) evil1 c h a good s\l4 ,he did n mean t a y\? mu/ be ignorant ( :at temptation is4 ,!re is no hot-h\se rais+ 9 ?is _w :i* w keep (f t bla/4 ,e *ild1 :ile keep+ on ! royal road ( innoc5ce1 has en\gh 9 himself1 & 9 ! *oice/ ( surr\nd+s1 to "k ! realities ( life & its w>f>e4 ,b ,plato ref]s to a p]sonal exp]i5ce ( ! by-ways1 :i* are n virtue1 & :i* x is n necess>y to travel by1 9 ord] to "k en\gh ab\t !m4 ,! educational means1 ! indu/ry1 ! vigilance1 :i* h = a result ! pres]vation ( y\? 9 ! fre%ness ( innoc5ce1 signify a m$ium ( respiration :i* is kept pure1 & a moral nutrim5t :i* is good & is kept con/antly suppli$1 until t5d] virtue has ris5 /eadily into a well-knit rectitude1 & is able !nce=? to brave manfully ! incid5tal /orms ( life4 ,= ?is moral /r5g!n+ ( "*1 no less ?an = ! invigorat+ ( m5tal en]gies1 ! sy/em ( ,ignatius ,loyola prescribes an education :i* is public1--public1 z be+ t ( _m /ud5ts toge!r1 public z oppos$ to private tutorism1 public1 9 f9e1 z requir+ a suffici5cy ( ! op51 fe>less ex]cise bo? ( practical morality & ( religion4 ,s9ce ! "t ( ,ignatius1 ,dupanl\p has obs]v$ on ?is subject3-- ,i h he>d a man ( great s5se utt] ?is rem>kable ^w4 ',if a usurp+ & able gov]nm5t want$ to get rid ( great races 9 ! c\ntry1 & root !m out1 x ne$ only come d[n to ?is1 t x require ( !m1 out ( respect = !mselves1 to br+ up _! *ildr5 at home1 alone1 f> f _! equals1 %ut up 9 ! n>r[ horizon ( a private education & a private tutor4'#ig ,! y\?ful mat]ial1 on :i* ! ,jesuit sy/em _h to "w1 may be describ$ f two po9ts ( view4 ,!re 7 home conditions2 & !re 7 conditions too ( ! educational sy/em1 :i* 0 commonly preval5t 9 ^? c5turies4 ,z to ! circum/ances ( polite society at ! boys' homes1 ,*>les ,l5ormant1 speak+ ( ^? times1 tells u t x 0 ! privilege ( a g5tleman to h f 8 infancy ! responsibility ( 8 own actions4 ,! fa!rs ( families 7 ! fir/ to laun* _! sons into ! mid/ ( ! p]ils ( ! _w1 ev5 be=e ! age ( disc]nm5t _h begun4#ih ,ev5 :5 boys' homes effect no positive h>m1 /ill1 only too (t51 !y answ] ?is description1 t !y undo ! be/ ( :at ! s*ool tra9+ is endeavor+ to effect1 by ! discipl9e ( subord9ation & ! practice ( ob$i5ce4 ,x 0 ?is /ate ( ?+s :i* made ! ,g]man ,jesuits1 9 spite ( !mselves1 petition = ! requisite au?orization to op5 bo>d+ colleges 9 ! nor?1 z _h already be5 done 9 ,portugal & else:]e4 ,reluctantly ! au?orization 0 giv5 by ! g5]al assembly4#ii ,^! convictus1 or p5sionnats1 7 kn[n to make great inroads on ! "t ( ! ,fa!rs1 on _! /udy1 _! religi\s retirem5t1 & especially on t immunity ( !irs f f9ancial transactions1 :i* !y enjoy$ z ,religi\s4 ,! ,con/itution ( ,ignatius (f]s no m ?an a b>e foo?old = ! introduction ( ^! colleges4#ajj ,yet !y h prov$ to be ! mo/ prolific nurs]ies ( ! em95t m51 :om ! ,society has s5t =? into all ! walks ( life4 ,n at home alone 7 effem9acy & dissolut5ess to be fe>$4 ,!re 7 conditions ( life 9 ! univ]sity sy/em ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 :i* seem$ consid]ably worse ?an ^? already describ$ 9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ?is book4 ,possev9o1 :o _h sp5t t5 ye>s 9 ! mid/ ( ! religi\s turmoils ( ,france1 & t5 m 9 ,papal legations to ,g]many1 ,pol&1 ,hung>y1 ,transylvania1 ,russia1 ,muscovy1 ,sw$51 & ,go?ia1 &1 aft] t1 f\r m ye>s 9 visit+ ! univ]sities ?r\gh\t ,europe1 notices t !re 7 five ways1 :]eby a g5]al corruption ( society _h come ab\t4 ,fir/1 he m5tions ! dissem9ation ( bad books4 ,secondly1 ! omission ( lectures2 or1 :5 lectures 7 held1 su* di/urbances dur+ !m1 ) noise & yells1 t !re sc>ce rema9$ an appe>ance ( human1 let alone ( ,*ri/ian1 society4 ,?irdly1 factions4 ,f\r?ly1 s5suality1 to :i* cause mu/ be ref]r$ t atroci\s k9d ( iniquity1 :]eby ! v walls ( ! s*ools 7 defil$ ) writ+ & ! vile/ pictures2#aja s t ! t5d] age1 :i* _h come innoc5t1 mu/ g away m pollut$ ) crime1 ?an imbu$ ) le>n+1 becom+ hateful to ,god himself4 ,fif?ly1 an av]sion = ,div9e wor%ip1 inasmu* z disputations & graduat+ fe/ivities & lectures h con/antly be5 transf]r$ to ^? days & ^? h\rs1 :5 by ,div9e precept public wor%ip is due4#ajb ,! means organiz$ by ,ignatius into a me?od ( moral education ,i w sket* 9 ! words ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,ribad5eira1 8 biograph]1 says3 ,^? means are employ$ by our ,ma/]s1 :]eby virtue is conceiv$ 9 ! he>ts ( ! pupils1 is pres]v$ & augm5t$4 ,!y are morn+ pray]1 = obta9+ grace f ,god n to fall into s92 night pray] & a dilig5t reflection on all ! ?\ghts1 words1 & actions ( ! day1 to d away by contrition ( he>t ) all ! faults committ$2 ! att5tive & dev\t he>+ ( ,mass e day2 frequ5t & humble confession ( s9s to a ,prie/2 & if !y are old en\gh1 & great devotion recomm5ds x1 & _! confessor approves ( x1 ! rev]5t & pi\s reception ( ! ,body ( our ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/2 tea*+ & expla9+ ! rudim5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?1 :]eby ! boys are animat$ to live well & happily4 ,besides1 great pa9s are tak5 to "k & root out ! vices ( boyhood1 especially su* z are someh[ inborn & native to t age4#ajc ,"h1 by ! way1 ! read] may adv]t to ! fact t ! confessional1 ( :i* m5tion is made1 nev] comes 9 z "p ( ! ext]nal means ( moral developm5t2 nor is a sup]ior ev] ! confessor ( ^? "u 8 *>ge1 except :5 desir$ to be s by ! free *oice ( ! subord9ate himself4 ,a g5]al law ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* orda9s x ?us4 ,loyola's biograph] goes on to ! v>i\s means1 :]eby1 9 su* a multitude ( "y p]sons1 ! bad elem5t1 :i* un=tunately w nev] die1 is ei!r suppress$ & kept at its l[e/ /age ( a /ruggl+ vitality1 or else1 if x happ5s to %oot up1 is we$$ out4 ,! g>d5 w be none ! poor] = t4 ,nil dabit inde m9us6 ,!re are1 moreov]1 ! division ( /ud5ts into categories & ranks1 ) _! own (fic]s f among ! boys !mselves2 ! degrees ( honor & prem95ce assign$ to good conduct & virtue2 especially ! pi\s societies or ,sodalities1 into :i* none are admitt$ save ! mo/ /udi\s & virtu\s among ! y\?s2 & t ) a discrim9ation 9 favor ( sup]ior m]it1 ev5 among su* z answ] ! g5]al description4 ,! ,sodalities ( ! ,society ( ,jesus1 z ! subject ( a /udy ^u ! managem5t ( y\?1 & inde$ ^u ! cultivation ( all ranks 9 ,*ri/ian society1 f ,pe] & ,field ,m>%al & ,vic]oy1 d[n to ! little boy beg9n+ 8 c>e] at s*ool1 w\ld des]ve a special disc\rse = !mselves4 ,i w cont9ue n[ f ,possev9o1 describ+ ! ,roman ,college1 :i* 0 an object ( daily obs]vation to ! capital ( ! ,*ri/ian _w4#ajd ,"h1 he says1 y h two ?\s& y\?s1 among :om reigns a deep sil5ce2 !re is no commotion4 ,9 ! classes !re is no read+ ( pr(ane au?or or poet1 :o might inoculate ! m9d ) defilem5t4 ,i may rem>k t ,ignatius _h1 f ! v fir/1 begun ! me?od ( expurgat+ au?ors1 a task :i* 0 !n c>ri$ on ) dilig5ce by ! lit]>y m5 ( ! ,society4 ,our au?or resumes3 ,a hundr$ daily occasions ( s9 & idl5ess are preclud$2 a cont9u\s s]ies is go+ on ( lectures1 repetitions1 disputations1 conf]5ces4 ,!n he portrays1 z visible !re 9 e-day life1 _m ( ! features :i* ,ribad5eira has m5tion$4 ,:ile idl5ess 0 "u a ban1 vacation 0 n deb>r$4 ,its pr9ciples1 h[ev]1 7 def9$ on new l9es4 ,!re 0 a suffici5cy ( re/ to be provid$2 b !n no new int]missions 7 to be grant$4 ,! suffici5cy w\ld appe> sp>e luxury to our loos] times4#aje ,"o week ( do+ no?+1 say ! ,fa!rs ( ,upp] ,g]many to ! ,g5]al ,aquaviva1 is m hurtful to /ud5ts1 ?an f\r weeks 9 :i* "s lit]>y ex]cise is kept up2 & p>5ts take v mu* amiss ?is /ate ( idl5ess1 if ! boys rema9 on our h&s4#ajf ,9 all ?is1 !re 0 no "q ( mak+ religi\s m5 ( ! /ud5ts4 ,x 0 a "q only ( ,religi\s mak+ m5 ( !m4 ,fa!r ,george ,bad]1 ,prov9cial ( ,upp] ,g]many 9 #aehe1 left x 9 8 in/ructions = ! managem5t ( ! convictus1 at ,dil+51 t ! ,prefects 7 n to despair or despond1 if !y did n see at once1 or 9 all1 ! improvem5t desir$2 nor 7 !y to require ! p]fection ( ,religi\s f !m1 nor introduce among !m su* practices ( life1 z else:]e ! /ud5ts c\ld n keep up 9 _! call+2 b ! directors %\ld be cont5t ) hav+ a mann] ( life foll[$1 :i* 0 ord9>y1 virtu\s1 & pi\s4#ajg ,accord+ to ?is idea1 ! religi\s tea*] be+ a man1 a citiz51 & an ecclesia/ic1 8 educational indu/ry has produc$ its effect1 :5 x has made accompli%$ m51 wor?y citiz5s1 compet5t ,ecclesia/ics1 or ,religi\s2 :5 9 ! s*ool1 says ,ribad5eira1 z 9 an ar5a1 ! /ud5ts1 =e%ad[+ ! future1 practise already1 9 _! own way1 ^? same virtues & duties1 :i* 9 matur] ye>s !y w exhibit1 9 ! managem5t ( ! republic4#ajh ,! ri* mat]ial ( ! y\?ful m9d & s\l receives ! manifold influ5ce :i* ! tea*]'s m9d & he>t possess2 & receives x aft] ! mann] ( ! recipi5t1 accord+ to 8 future vocation4 ,:at ! ,jesuit pr(essors1 9 fact1 7 l1 ^? :o 9 aft] ye>s %[$ !mselves b little fri5dly to ! ,ord] did n omit to te/ify4 ,dur+ ! sev5 ye>s1 says ,voltaire1 t ,i liv$ 9 ! h\se ( ! ,jesuits1 :at did ,i see among !m8 ,! mo/ labori\s1 frugal1 & regul> life1 all _! h\rs divid$ betwe5 ! c>e !y sp5t on u & ! ex]cises ( _! au/]e pr(ession4 ,i atte/ ! same z ?\s&s ( o!rs br\ght up by !m1 l myself2 n "o w be f\nd to contradict me4 ,h5ce ,i nev] cease wond]+ h[ any "o c accuse !m ( tea*+ corrupt morality4444 ,let any "o place side by side ! ',prov9cial ,lett]s' & ! ,s]mons ( ,fa!r ,b\rdal\e2 he w le>n 9 ! =m] ! art ( raill]y1 ! art ( pres5t+ ?+s1 indiff]5t 9 !mselves1 "u aspects :i* make !m appe> crim9al1 ! art ( insult+ ) eloqu5ce2 he w le>n f ,fa!r ,b\rdal\e1 t ( be+ sev]e to oneself1 & indulg5t t[>d o!rs4#aji ,hi/ory is uni=m 9 be>+ witness t ! g5]al effects ( _! tea*+ correspond$ to ! example ( ^! ,pr(essors1 9 spite ( ! fact1 z ,cret9eau-,joly puts x1 t ev5 f ! h&s ( religi\s m5 ! impi\s c /ill come =?1 z1 9 ! s*ool ( ! wise1 dunces & dolts may /ill be f\nd4#aaj ,man is /ill & always free4 ,h[ev]1 if x foll[s !nce1 t n only a positive1 b a negative result may always be expect$2 su* a d\ble result may be set (f by two consol+ reflections1 :i* ,i w m5tion1 9 ord] to complete ! picture ( ?is education 9 practice4 ,! fir/ is1 t s9ce1 f ! s*ool ( virtue & religi\sness1 vice c /ill issue =?1 &1 z ! ,g5]al ,vitelles*i says1 a good education1 ?\gh almo/ omnipot5t1 may1 l ! morn+ dew1 evaporate & be lo/ 9 ! fir/ heat ( manhood's passions1#aaa :at w\ld be ! results ( ! sy/em1 if x _h less piety to enlight51 or less ( an organiz$ practice ( virtue to confirm1 ! m9ds & he>ts ( ! "y8 ,ano!r reflection is ?is3 t human nature1 h[ev] erratic by defect ( w1 /ill rema9s beautiful1 ?anks to ! orig9al gift ( ,god4 ,:5ce x comes1 t impiety is f\nd beautifully inconsi/5t2 &1 9 its lucid int]vals1 x makes ! due ackn[l$gm5t1 z he did1 :o once said3-- ,o ?\1 t ) surpass+ glory cr[n$1 ,look'/ f ?y sole dom9ion 444 ,to !e ,i call4444 ,to tell !e h[ ,i hate ?y beams1 ,t br+ to my remembrance f :at /ate ,i fell4#aab ,! ,society ( ,jesus has _m a "t be5 elegantly bless$ & curs$ by ! same eloqu5t lips & p5s4 ,! secret ( ?is magi/]ial asc5d5cy1 z ,ignatius ( ,loyola project$ x1 0 to be f\nd 9 ! ,ma/]s' intellectual atta9m5ts1 :i* naturally impress$ y\?ful m9ds2 & also 9 a pat]nal affection :i*1 ( c\rse1 won y\?ful he>ts4 ,does any?+ m seem necess>y = ! full idea ( au?ority8 ,! committee appo9t$ by ! canton ( ,frib\rg1 = re/or+ ! ,fa!rs to _! old college 9 #ahah1 m5tion z "o reason = hav+ done s1 t ! w _c be *a9$2 x w n submit to re/ra9t4 ,y c w9 x1 b n subjugate x4 ,& !y speak ( t mo/ lively atta*m5t ev] abid+ 9 ! he>ts ( /ud5ts t[>ds memb]s ( ! ,ord]1 :i* !y h kn[n z ! cradle ( _! y\?4#aac ,! same ,fa!r ,bad]1 :om ,i h quot$ be=e1 def9es :]e au?ority lies1 :5 he says3 ,let n ! ,prefects consid] _! au?ority to consi/ 9 ?is1 t ! /ud5ts are on h& 9 ob$i5ce to _! nod1 _! e ^w1 or _! v look2 b 9 ?is1 t ! boys love !m1 approa* ) confid5ce1 & make _! difficulties kn[n4 ,speak+ ( p5alties1 he goes on3 ,! pupils %\ld be l$ to und]/& t su* repreh5sions are necess>y & are prompt$ by affection2 & let x be ! mo/ griev\s rebuke or p5alty = !m to "k t !y h (f5d$ _! ,prefect4#aad ,?us1 9 ! education ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 !re came into play a gradual reaction aga9/ ! h>%ness & brusqu] mann]s ( e>li] times4 ,speak+ ( conv]sation ) ! /ud5ts1 ! ,g5]al ,vitelles*i1 9 #afci1 gives *>act]i/ic directions3 ,x w be v useful if f "t to "t ! ,pr(essors treat ) _! auditors1 & conv]se ) !m1 n ab\t va9 rumors & o!r affairs t are n to ! purpose1 b ab\t ^? :i* app]ta9 mo/ to _! well-be+ & education2 go+ d[n to p>ticul>s t seem mo/ to meet _! wants2 & %[+ !m1 9 a famili> way1 h[ !y ought to conduct !mselves 9 /udies & piety4 ,let ! ,pr(essors be p]suad$ t a s+le talk 9 private1 animat$ ) true zeal & prud5ce on _! "p1 w p5etrate ! he>t m & "w m p[]fully1 ?an _m lectures & s]mons giv5 9 common4#aae ,"h !n ,i h t\*$ on ! secrets ( success1 ^? pr9ciples :i* comm&$ e/eem1 & %$ ab\t ! ,ord] an unmi/akable halo ( educational pre/ige4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,ignatius ,,adm9i/]+ ,,! ,,collegiate ,,sy/em4 ,,8 ,,dea?4 ,! fir/ two colleges 7 e/abli%$ 9 ! same ye>1 #aedb1--"o ( !m 9 ! royal univ]sity at ,coimbra 9 ,portugal1 ! o!r at ,goa 9 ,h9du/an4 ,?\gh !y 7 organiz$ at an e>ly date1 only two ye>s aft] ! f\ndation ( ! ,ord]1 :5 z yet no sy/em _h be5 =mally adopt$1 nev]!less ^! two fir/ colleges1 a good _m ?\s&s ( miles ap>t1 7 f\nd to h be5 e/abli%$ 9 precisely ! same way4 ,francis ,xavi]1 hav+ be5 assign$ to ! apo/olic m9i/ry 9 ! ,ea/1 began a univ]sity !re1 9 :i* all ! sci5ces & bran*es 7 pr(ess$1 j z 9 ! ,european colleges4 ,?is became ! base ( op]ations = ,japan1 ,*9a1 ,p]sia1 ,e?iopia1 & ! o!r nations ( ! ,ea/4 ,=ty ye>s lat]1 !re 7 z _m z "o hundr$ & tw5ty ,jesuits 9 ! college4 ,9 #aedb1 ,ignatius _h a select body ( fifte5 or sixte5 "y m5 /udy+ 9 ,p>is2 o!rs he _h plac$ 9 ,padua or else:]e4 ,he avail$ himself ( ! actual univ]sities until su* "t z he %\ld h 8 own4 ,w> break+ out betwe5 ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v & ! ,fr5* ,k+ ,francis1 all ,spani>ds & ,belgians 7 ord]$ out ( ,france4 ,su* z 7 ,italians rema9+ 9 ,p>is1 ! o!r "y ,jesuits cross$ ! fronti] to ,l\va91 "u ! *>ge ( ,fa!r ,j]ome ,dom5e*4 ,!re ! ,lat9 oratory ( ! y\?1 ,francis ,/rada1 :om ,lefvre1 on 8 way ?r\gh ,belgium1 suppli$ ) matt] = 8 orations1#aaf help$ to build up ! ,ord] rapidly ) two k9ds ( m51 tal5t$ y\?s1 :o 7 captivat$ by ! ?+s !y saw & he>d1 & m5 already em95t1 :o 7 equally attract$ by ! scope ( ! new ,in/itute4 ,9 ! "y ,/rada prea*+ & ! em95t ,lefvre go+ out ( 8 way to subsidize him ) matt]1 we cat* a family glimpse ( t int5sifi$ =ce :i* c be develop$ 9 a closely b\nd organization4 ,conspicu\sly want+ 9 gifts ( pres5ce & ( le>n+1 ,francis ,villanova1 s5t by ,ignatius to ! univ]sity seat ( ,alcal1 won su* an asc5d5cy !re by 8 o!r qualities z a ,prie/1 t a commodi\s & fl\ri%+ college 0 soon f\nd$4 ,fa!r ,j]ome ,dom5e* end[$ "o 9 8 native city ( ,val5tia1 #aedc4 ,lefvre & ,araoz1 foll[+ a:ile by royal reque/ 9 ! suite ( ! ,pr9cess ,m>y1 daught] ( ! ,portuguese ,k+1 & que5 ( ! ,spani% ,k+1 f\nd$ a college at ,valladolid4 ,9 ,g&ia1 8 own du*y1 ,francis ,borgia erect$ & ri*ly equipp$ a univ]sity1 :i* 0 ! fir/ plac$ 9 ! h&s ( ! ,society4 ,colleges at ,b>celona1 ,bologna1 ,s>agossa1 arose )9 ! next two or ?ree ye>s2 also at ,mess9a1 ,pal]mo1 ,v5ice1 & ,tivoli4 ,x is evid5t t ,ignatius _h a _w ( adm9i/ration already on 8 h&s4 ,z e>ly z ,m>* #af1 #aedj1 he _h excus$ himself f grant+ an application1 because ( mu* pa9s he 0 tak+ 9 s5d+ "s to ! ,indies1 o!rs to ,irel& & to p>ts ( ,italy4 ,n[1 ?\gh 8 =ces 7 increas+1 yet he 0 husb&+ !m2 & ev5 s1 :ile refus+ _m applications1 he seem$ to be ev]y:]e4 ,b ?is ne$ n be s mu* a matt] ( wond]1 if we consid] t x is ! "r place1 & ! "r move at ! prop] "t1 t comm&s o!r places1 movem5ts1 & times4 ,at ! dea? ( ,lefvre1 9 #aedf1 ! onw>d movem5t ( ^! select m51 com+ 9 contact1 ei!r fri5dly or adv]se1 ) e actual p[] 9 ,europe1 0 s impressive = its /rategic complet5ess1 & s f>-rea*+ 9 its results1 t1 z an hi/orian rem>ks1 ,^! t5 m51 s ably *os51 _h accompli%$ to _! entire satisfaction1 9 less ?an six ye>s1 :at ! mo/ absolute mon>* w\ld n h v5tur$ to exact ( ! mo/ bl9d devot$ness4#aag ,h>dly _h ,lefvre dep>t$ ?is life1 :5 8 place 0 tak5 by ! la/ man :om he _h dealt )1 ,francis ,borgia1 ,duke ( ,g&ia1 ! fri5d & c\s9 ( ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v4 ,/ill we>+ 8 ducal robes1 until 8 temporal affairs c\ld be settl$1 he came to ,rome 9 #aeej4 ,he f\nds ! ,roman ,college1 :i* is ! c5tre & type ( all ,jesuit colleges4 ,x 0 begun on ,febru>y #ah?1 #aeea1 at ! foot ( ! ,capitol1 ) f\rte5 memb]s ( ! ,ord]1 & ,fa!r ,john ,pelti]1 a ,fr5*man1 at _! head4 ,d\bl+ ?is numb] 9 ! foll[+ ,septemb]1 ! ,college mov$ to a l>g] build+4 ,! ,pr(essors taught ,rhetoric1 & ?ree languages1 ,hebrew1 ,greek1 & ,lat94 ,9 #aeec1 ! entire c\rse ( ,philosophy & ,!ology 0 add$4 ,! numb] ( ,jesuit /ud5ts among ! auditory am\nt$1 9 ?is ye>1 to sixty1 &1 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 to "o hundr$4 ,a few ye>s lat]1 ,vittoria ,t(fia1 niece ( ,paul ,,iv1 & wife ( ,camillo ,ors9i1 provid$ ! in/itution ) a spl5did prop]ty4 ,!nce=?1 ! numb] ( ,jesuit /ud5ts alone 0 z high z #bbj1 br\ght toge!r f sixte5 or m diff]5t nations1 mo/ ( !m famili> ) _m languages1 all speak+ by rule ! tongue ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* !y 7 resid+1 & all compet5t to speak & tea* 9 ! "o univ]sal & le>n$ language ( ! "t1 ! ,lat9 tongue4 ,( /ud5ts n belong+ to ! ,ord]1 ne>ly tw5ty colleges are enum]at$1 at "s p]iods1 z foll[+ ! c\rses ( ?is c5tral ,roman ,college4 ,!y includ$ ! colleges ( ! ,engli%1 ! ,greeks1 ! ,scot*1 ! ,m>onites1 ! ,iri%1 & ! ,neophytes2 ! ,colleges nam$ ,capranica1 ,fuccioli1 ,mattei1 ,pamfili1 ,salviati1 ,ghisli]i2 ! ,g]man ,college & ! ,college ,gymnasio2 also ! ,roman ,sem9>y4 ,( ! #bajg /ud5ts c\nt$1 z foll[+ ! c\rses at a giv5 "t1 #cjj 7 9 !ology4 ,! mo/ em95t pr(essors fill$ ! *airs1 9 successive g5]ations2 !ologians l ,su>ez & ,vasquez1 comm5tators l ,cornelius a ,lapide & ,maldonado1 f\nd]s or lead]s 9 ! s*ools ( national hi/ory l ,m>iana & ,pallavic9i2 ,clavius1 re=m] ( ! ,gregorian cal5d>2 ,kir*]1 univ]sal 9 all exact sci5ces2 & s ( ! re/2 :ile ! cycle ( colleges ov] ! _w rema9$ provid$ ) _! requisite =ces1 & ma9ta9$ _! own pre/ige4#aah ,! emblem ( ?is in/itution 0 ,!ology1 en?ron$1 z x 71 9 a temple ( impos+ proportions4 ,at h] "r & left two ,maids ( ,honor /&2 !y are ! ,natural ,sci5ces4 ,"o ( !m1 repres5t+ ,ma!matics1 is plac+ ! cele/ial sph]e "u ! feet ( ! augu/ goddess seat$2 ! o!r1 repres5t+ ,physics1 is subject+1 9 l mann]1 ! orb ( ! e>?4 ,! leg5d atta*$ reads3 ,leges impone subactis4 ,9 =ty or fifty ye>s su* an inve/m5t ( tal5t1 "*1 & virtue1 _h be5 made1 by managem5t )9 ! ,ord]1 & by t p[] to :i* ,ignatius always appeal$1 ,div9e ,provid5ce1 t ,rome _h se5 pass ?r\gh ?is h\se ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m5 ( ! age1 9 e l9e ( intellectual life1 ( moral em95ce1 & ( all t c\ld elevate ! ?\ghts ( noble & g5]\s m9ds4 ,= ! "y1 9 p>ticul>1 ?ree *>act]s came1 figures t 7 to fill ! ni*es & t]m9ate ! aisles ( contemplation1 z ! ideal *oice ( ! bloom ( y\?--,/anislaus ,ko/ka1 a "y ,poli% noble ( sev5te51 ,aloysius ,gonzaga1 an ,italian pr9ce ( tw5ty-?ree1 & ,john ,b]*mans1 a ,flemi% burgh] ( tw5ty-two4 ,be+ :at !y 71 & leav+ ?is life at su* an age1 !y h appropriat$ 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* ! honors ( ! "y4 ,) reg>d to ,g]many1 x is ) a classic t\*1 z ( ,cs>'s /yle1 t an hi/orian introduces ! subject ?us3 ,g]mania1 quo gravius laboravit1 hoc /udiosius adjuta e/2 ,ignatio nulla regio comm5datior4#aai ,nor w ! association be consid]$ f>-fet*$1 if1 sub/itut+ = ,cs>'s p5 & ,cs>'s sword1 ,loyola's legislation = lett]s & 8 /rategic tactics1 "o cat*es a sugge/ive idea1 on ! pres5t topic1 f t /atue ( ! same ,roman ,g5]al1 :i* repres5ts him z hold+ 9 "o h& a sword1 & 9 ! o!r a p51 ) ! words inscrib$ und]nea?1 ,ex utroque ,cs>4 ,( ! s]vices ( ^? n9e m51 ) :om he f\nd$ ! ,ord]1 he sp5t a l>ge "p ^u ,g]many4 ,lefvre 0 !re1 ,le ,jay1 ,bobadilla1 ,salm]on1 ,laynez2 n to m5tion ! great ,canisius 7de ,hondt71 a "y man already 9 ! field1 :o 0 to /ay !re = half a c5tury4 ,x is ( ^! m5 & _! "w t ,ranke writes3 ,( :at c\ntry 7 ^!1 ! fir/ ( _! ,ord] among/ u8 ,!y 7 natives ( ,spa91 ,italy1 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,= a long "t1 ev5 ! "n ( _! ,society 0 unkn[n1 & !y 7 /yl$ ! ,spani% ,prie/s4 ,!y fill$ ! *airs ( ! univ]sities1 & !re met ) disciples will+ to embrace _! fai?4 ,g]many has no "p 9 !m2 _! doctr9e1 _! con/itution1 _h be5 complet$ & r$uc$ to =m1 be=e !y appe>$ 9 our mid/4 ,we may !n reg>d ! progress ( _! ,in/itute "h1 z a new p>ticipation ( ,lat9 ,europe 9 ,g]man ,europe4 ,!y h defeat$ u ^u our own soil1 & wre/$ f u a %>e ( our fa!rl&4#abj ,9 conc]t ) ! ,duke ( ,bav>ia & ! ,emp]or ,f]d9&1 ,+ol/adt & ,vi5na became ! two fir/ c5tres ( op]ations4 ,+ol/adt 0 inde$ de/9$ to become soon "o ( ! mo/ repres5tative univ]sities ( ! ,company1 & ! ,g]man c5tre ( :at has be5 call$ ! ,c\nt]-,re=mation4#aba ,b ,ignatius w\ld n accept x1 )\t ! cle>e/ enunciation ( "s fundam5tal pr9ciples 9 ! educational "w ( 8 ,in/itute4 ,i w m5tion !m4 ,fir/1 ! condition ( all high] /udies1 & ( l[] /udies z well1 0 su*1 t1 z ,ignatius said1 x 0 useless to beg9 ) ! top1 :i* )\t a good f\ndation w nev] /&4 ,! disappo9tm5t ( individual hopes & ( g5]al expectation w\ld be ! only result1 ) demoralization = ! future4 ,let ,lit]ature1 he said1 & ,philosophy be gone ?r\gh satisfactorily2 !n ,!ology may be approa*$4 ,lit]ature mu/ come fir/ ( all4 ,h5ce ,polanco1 ! secret>y ( ,ignatius1 writes to ! ,duke ( ,bav>ia1 9 #aeea1 t ! ,jesuits mu/ beg9 by und]tak+ prep>atory tea*+1 ) ,pr(essors capable ( inspir+ _! "y /ud5ts1 little by little1 ) a ta/e = ,!ology4#abb ,secondly1 we may recall to m9d :at 0 m5tion$ be=e1#abc t ,ignatius provides = ,law & ,m$ic9e 9 8 univ]sities1 b ! pr(essors ( ^! dep>tm5ts are to be tak5 f )\t ! ,ord]4 ,n[1 q z a c\nt]p>t to ?is1 we f9d him decl>+ to ! ,duke ( ,bav>ia1 t x is at v>iance ) 8 plan to l5d any ,pr(essors or ,lectur]s ( ! ,ord] = "w outside ( ,jesuit in/itutions4 ,!re=e a college mu/ be f\nd$ = !m1 or ! ,duke _c h !m4 ,! reason = ?is res]ve is n h>d to disc]n4 ,9 an organization l 81 !re are no m5 at l>ge to l5d4 ,&1 7 ! mo/ em95t m5 assign$ = "w outside ( ! ,jesuit colleges & univ]sities1 ! y\ng] g5]ation ( ! ,ord] w\ld practically be deb>r$ f ! influ5ce ( _! type ( em95ce4 ,& aga91 if !re 7 em95t m5 labor+ 9 a c\ntry1 )\t ! /able abode ( a ,jesuit college 9 ! same place1 !re w\ld be no propagat+ ! di/9ctive "w ( ! ,ord] itself1 by means ( ! m5 ( t c\ntry4 ,yet1 z he project$ a native cl]gy = ,g]many1 s he int5d$ native ,jesuits = ! ,g]mans4 ,besides1 x does n seem possible to accept ( a *air outside1 except on ! basis ( "s pecuni>y consid]ation = ! individual ,pr(essor4 ,n[ ?is is a situation :i* he does n accept4 ,a ,pr(ess$ ,fa!r is n to sacrifice 8 religi\s life & indep5d5ce1 b\nd to a "w outside ( ! ,ord]'s own h\ses1 & t = a valuable consid]ation4 ,ignatius accepts ( no obligations to fill *airs1 save z accept+ univ]sities1 :i* conta9 ^? *airs4#abd ,&1 z to pecuni>y consid]ations1 8 pr9ciple is1 ,gratis accepi/is1 gratis date2 ,give freely :at y h freely receiv$4 ,to ?is c>d9al pr9ciple ! /atutes ( s _m univ]sities1 if n ( all1 9 :i* a ,jesuit ,college conduct$ any ( ! faculties1 di/9ctly ref]1 z ! gr\nd = exempt+ ,religi\s ( ! ,society f all pecuni>y *>ges1 incid5tal to univ]sity affairs4#abe ,no +5i\s compromise 0 admitt$ :i* t5d$ to relax ?is pr9ciple1 reg>d+ a pecuni>y consid]ation4#abf ,on ! contr>y1 ! mo/ legitimate & ample rev5ues (f]$ 7 n accept$ z a recomm5dation = a univ]sity1 if !re 7 any conditions :atev] n 9 keep+ ) ! ,in/itute4#abg ,! ,g]man ,college 9 ,rome 0 f\nd$ by ,ignatius1 to =m ,g]man ecclesia/ics = ! ,g]mans4 ,at t "t b5efices & p>o*ial cures1 9 ! ,g]man ,emp]or's dom9ions1 7 g5]ally vacant = want ( ,prie/s4 ,x soon came to pass t ,prie/s 7 f\nd to be 9 wait+1 = want ( b5efices4 ,x 0 n m]ely = ! ord9>y cure ( s\ls t ?is college receiv$ s mu* att5tion f ,loyola4 ,true to himself1 ev] contemplat+ some?+ em95t1--r>um et eximium fac9us1 z he said once to ! ,s*ola/ics ( ,coimbra1 t r>e & excell5t a*ievem5t2 :i* is wor? m ?an six hundr$ common ones1--he 0 f\nd+ a sem9>y = prea*]s1 pr(essors1 prelates4 ,if ! /ud5ts s5t f ,g]many1 to be admitt$ & support$ on ?is f\ndation1 are n noblem51 at all ev5ts1 writes ,ignatius 9 #aeeb1 let nobility ( s\l n be want+ to !m4#abh ,?is is ! in/itution :i* caus$ s mu* vexation to non-,ca?olic ,g]many4 ,x r5ovat$ ! prie/hood4 ,?us1 !n1 9 a %ort (ficial c>e] ( sixte5 ye>s1 ,ignatius _h ! gratification ( see+ a new & va/ educational policy cr[n$ ) success4 ,9 spite ( ! active opposition :i* p[]ful int]e/s 9 ,rome l$ aga9/ him--& a vigor\s siege f ! side ( ! s*oolma/]s 0 n to be despis$1 nor %\ld x fail to be record$1--9 spite ( ! desp]ate ho/ility ( ! ,sorbonne1 :i* 0 b beg9n+ its w> ^u ! ,society 9 ,france1 ) /orms at ,tol$o & ,s>agossa flank+ 8 movem5ts 9 ,spa92 9 spite ( ! op5 w> ) h]esy 9 ,prote/ant ,g]many1 :]e acrimony1 di/ill$ to its la/ degree ( conc5tration1 0 to embitt] hi/ory1 till ! days ( ,ranke & ,janss5 %\ld come1 & beg9 to v9dicate ! tru? ( hi/ory2 ?anks to ! labors ( ,ignatius1 ! monopoly ( education 0 be+ brok5 d[n2 ! old univ]sities 7 no long] ei!r ! sole depositories ( sup]ior in/ruction1 or ! arbit]s ( ! intellectual life ( ,europe2 & all ! be/ le>n+1 :i* ! mo/ accompli%$ m5 c\ld imp>t1 0 n[ be+ giv5 gratuit\sly1 & 9 z _m c5tres ( educational activity z ! ,society 0 all[$ to create4 ,&1 :]eas x is put d[n to ! cr$it ( ,g]many1 t sixte5 ( ! old univ]sities _h aris5 on its soil1 n[1 9 ! ,g]man ,assi/5cy ( ! ,society1 !re arose m ?an sixte5 ,jesuit univ]sities1 besides two hundr$ colleges4 ,&1 9 virtue ( ,papal *>t]s1 x 0 already an accompli%$ fact1 t all ! p[]s ( univ]sities1 ) reg>d to ! degrees ( ,ba*elor1 ,ma/]1 ,lic5tiate1 & ,doctor1 7 ve/$ 9 ! head ( ! ,ord]1 :o c\ld delegate ! same to subord9ate ,sup]iors4#abi ,no wond] all ! faculties ( ,*ri/5dom consid]$ ! ,ord] an intrud] & an aggressor4 ,x might be consid]$ s to-day4 ,free & univ]sal education 0 at ! doors ( all4 ,we1 m5 ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 may flatt] ourselves t x 0 ! _s ( our age :i* brea!d ^u ! ,ord] ( ,jesus1 ?ree c5turies be=e ! "t4 ,p]haps s4 ,b we %all h to wait a few c5turies m1 ev5 beyond ! n9ete5? c5tury1 be=e we come to su* education giv5 univ]sally & giv5 gratuit\sly4 ,= x is "o ( ! mo/ palpable *>act]i/ics ( all educational & o!r philan?ropy :i* we "k (1 t x is an extremely exp5sive ?+4 ,let u n[ close our sket* ( ! great educator1 ,sa9t ,ignatius ( ,loyola4 ,all ! p>ticul>s ( 8 dea? h be5 pres]v$ = u by ^? :o 7 ) him at ! la/4 ,!y 7 n 8 fir/ companions4 ,( ^!1 ! few :o surviv$ at ! pres5t date1 sixte5 ye>s aft] ! f\ndation ( ! ,society1 7 scatt]$ 9 v>i\s climes4 ,! memb]s ) him 7 ,john ,polanco1 8 poli%$ secret>y1 ,&r ,frusis1 a ,fr5*man1 "o ( ! mo/ gift$ ( l+ui/s & ( littrateurs1 ,*ri/oph] ,madrizi1 a univ]sity ,doctor ( ,alcal1 & ,j]ome ,nadal1 :om 9 ,p>is1 long be=e1 ,ignatius _h endeavor$ to enli/ 9 ! s]vice ( 8 ,in/itute2 b ,nadal _h reject$ all ov]tures1 po9t+ to ! ,bible "u 8 arm1 & say+ he want$ no o!r in/itute save t4 ,he 0 a man ( ! fir/ quality 9 judgm5t & ! gov]n+ ca/ ( m9d4 ,lat] on1 :5 ! exploits ( ,sa9t ,francis ,xavi] 9 ,india & ,japan _h become ! talk & admiration ( ,europe1 ,nadal ent]$ ! ,ord]1 s cauti\sly t "o might say he did x reluctantly2 yet he did x4 ,8 subsequ5t c>e] %[$ t he _h made a mi/ake1 :5 he miss$ a place 9 ! v fir/ ranks4 ,o!rs 7 close by4 ,laynez lay 9 a sick-room2 z 0 ?\ght1 on 8 dea?-b$2 ,m5doza too1 & ,m>t9 ,olave4 ,! latt]1 "s ?irty ye>s be=e1 0 a boy :om ,ignatius met1 :5 z a poor pilgrim he rea*$ ,alcal f ,b>celona1 to take up 8 univ]sity /udies4 ,! boy gave him an alms1 ! fir/ receiv$ by ,ignatius 9 t city4 ,"t _h pass$ s9ce !n4 ,! boy _h become a ,ma/] ( ,arts1 &1 9 #aedc1 a ,doctor ( ! ,p>is ,univ]sity1 rem>kable 9 _m ways = virtue & le>n+4 ,n[1 a man ( mature age & great au?ority1 he _h embrac$ ! ,in/itute ( ,ignatius4 ,he alone ( ! invalids di$ imm$iately aft] 8 ma/] 9 religion4 ,! latt]1 on ,july ! #cj?1 told !m he 0 ab\t to die4 ,b1 diseases hav+ prey$ ^u him = ye>s1 ! physicians did n confirm :at he said2 & ,fa!r ,ignatius made no m /atem5ts on ! subject4 ,he sp5t ! ev5+ 9 8 usual mann]1 transact$ "s bus9ess ) p]fect s]5ity ( m9d1 & !n 0 left alone till ! morr[4 ,! morr[ is j dawn+1 :5 !y f9d him brea?+ 8 la/4 ,he decl9es to accept any potion4 ,jo9+ 8 h&s toge!r1 ) 8 eyes fix$ heav5w>d1 & pron\nc+ ! "n ( ,jesus1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,society ( ,jesus passes away f ?is life1 9 ! ,pr(ess$ ,h\se at ,rome4 ,x 0 ! ?irty-fir/ day ( ,july1 #aeef4 ,he 0 sixty-five ye>s ( age4 ,?irty-five ye>s _h pass$1 s9ce ! ,knight ( ! ,k+ ( ,nav>re _h1 ) su* solemnity1 *ang$ 8 g>b1 hung up 8 sword & poni>d 9 ! sanctu>y ( ,monts]rat1 & v[$ himself to be a ,knight 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,*ri/4 ,all ! "t s9ce !n he _h sp5t 9 extreme pov]ty1 9 ! practice ( au/]ity1 9 ! labori\s travels ( a pilgrim1 9 ! m labori\s pursuit ( lett]s1 "u ! /ress ( p]secution1 prisons1 & *a9s1 & "u ! rel5tless fatigue ( a univ]sal =esight1 vigilance1 & adm9i/ration4 ,he _h prov$ himself a lead] & comm&] ( m51 z nature _h made him to be1 & z hi/ory %[s t he 04 ,9 an especial mann]1 he is fam\s = 8 prud5ce4 ,approa*+ e ent]prise ) ! mo/ v>i$ & exhau/ive delib]ation1 sp5d+ =ty days ( m$itation on det]m9+ a s+le po9t ( ! ,con/itution1 ?r[+ ^u 8 premises e k9d ( light f consultation & advice1 & hav+ habitually 9 8 room1 = ref]5ce1 only two books1 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & ! ,imitation ( ,*ri/1 he ?\ght out e plan to ! la/ degree ( def9it5ess & consi/5cy4 ,hav+ once rea*$ su* a def9ite conclusion1 he 0 n easy to move !nce=? out ( ! direction tak54 ,q o!rwise4 ,) ! utmo/ vigilance1 he appli$ himself & he appli$ all ! means1 :e!r !y 7 p]sons available or measures necess>y1 to ! execution ( 8 purpose4 ,ev5 :51 z (t5 seem$ to be ! case1 he 0 />t+ f pr9ciples o!r ?an ^? ( ord9>y human =esight1 app>5tly f a pure tru/ 9 ,div9e ,provid5ce1 he did n exempt himself f apply+1 ) ! same circumspection & dilig5ce z ev]1 ! means adequate to execute :at he _h begun4 ,wait+ f\rte5 h\rs1 & fa/+ )al1 9 ! ante-*amb] ( a pr9ce1 le/ ! propiti\s occasion %\ld slip1 writ+ out ! same lett] twice1 ?rice1 & (t5]1 le/ ! "r ?+ %\ld n be said 9 ! "r way1 & s5d+ out ?irty lett]s 9 "o night1 he exhibit$1 9 ! adm9i/ration ( great ?+s & small1 :at _h m>k$ all 8 previ\s delib]ation1 ! highe/ degree ( consummate prud5ce & ( practical p]fection4 ,if1 9 all ?is1 !re are _m em95t qualities to admire1 !re is a resultant fact m m>vell\s /ill4 ,he did 8 "w s t x w5t on )\t him4 ,& h5ce1 if1 :5ev] he happ5$ to be any:]e on ! field ( action1 acc\nt _h to be tak5 ( su* a man1 x w n p]haps appe> s+ul> t 8 ,ord] too1 ev5 :5 o/raciz$ & expatriat$1 is tak5 into acc\nt1 if x is any:]e visible on ! social horizon4 ,:ile ,i am writ+ ?is1 ?ree hundr$ & fifty ye>s aft] 8 "t1 ! ,bundesra?1 on clos+ ! ,kulturkampf1 & admitt+ all ! exil$ ,ord]s ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* back into ! ,empire ( ,g]many1 makes an exception ( ! ,jesuits4 ,x bans ! ,ord] ( ,jesus1 & gives no reason1 beyond ! palpable fact t ! ,ord] is :at x is4 ,evid5tly1 ,ignatius ( ,loyola did 8 "w s z to make x g on )\t him2 & g on j z he made x4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,subsequ5t ,,adm9i/rations4 ,accord+ to a contempor>y *ronicle = ! ye> #aeef1 ! fir/ ann\ncem5t ( ! dea? ( ,ignatius caus$ su* a pr(\nd s5tim5t ( grief 9 all memb]s ( ! ,ord]1 t a degree ( /upor seem$ = ! mom5t to possess !m4 ,b ?is 0 only tempor>y4 ,x 0 foll[$ by a m>k$ alacrity ( _s appe>+ ev]y:]e4 ,! ,society 0 beg9n+ its c\rse4#acj ,9 ! fir/ g5]al assembly1 ,fa!r ,james ,laynez 0 elect$ to succe$ ! f\nd]1 9 ! (fice ( ,g5]al ,sup]ior4 ,! matt]s :i* conc]n$ ! assembly 9 its legislation1 & ! new ,g5]al 9 8 adm9i/ration1 7 ! prop] temporal f\ndation ( colleges1 ! admission ( convictus or bo>d+-colleges1 & o!r que/ions1 :i* may be not$ 9 ! ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica4#aca ,laynez gov]n$ ! ,ord] dur+ n9e ye>s1 till #aefe4 ,fa!r ,francis ,borgia1 :o _h resign$ 8 duk$om1 & by ?is example l$ ,*>les ,v to seek repose 9 ! mona/]y ( ,/4 ,yu/e1 0 elect$ ?ird ,g5]al4 ,8 virtues & 8 pres5ce1 :]ev] he appe>$1 ex]cis$ su* a magic influ5ce t1 :5 he _h m]ely pass$ ?r\gh ,spa91 colleges _h sprung up z f ! soil4 ,?ree ,prov9ces _h be5 =m$ 9 t c\ntry alone1 )9 ?irte5 ye>s f ! f\ndation ( ! ,society4 ,b ?is multiplication ( colleges1 (t5 n suffici5tly end[$ = _! future developm5t1 0 already se5 to be "o ( ! ?reat5$ weaknesses ( ! ,company4 ,! special legislation pass$ at ! "t ( 8 election reg>d$ ! prop] e/abli%m5t1 9 e ,prov9ce1 ( philological1 philosophical1 & !ological sem9>ies1 = ! =mation ( ,pr(essors4#acb ,in/ead ( ! proportionate numb] ( ,jesuit /ud5ts be+ support$ on ea* collegiate f\ndation1 ?is legislation1 & mu* m t foll[$ lat]1 orda9$ a sy/em ( conc5tration 9 sem9>ies ( humane lett]s1 philosophy1 sci5ce1 & div9ity1 :i* 7 conduct$ respectively by corps ( em95t ,pr(essors select$ = ! purpose1 & 7 ma9ta9$ ei!r on "s munific5t f\ndation specially made = ?is object1 or by a due proportion ( ! o!r collegiate f\ndations4 ,at ?is date x 0 t colleges = ! =mation ( diocesan cl]gy1 or ,bi%ops' ,sem9>ies1 z !y are commonly call$1 7 com+ into exi/5ce1 9 accordance ) ! decrees ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t4 ,! mann] ( admitt+ !m1 z annex$ to colleges ( ! ,society1 & !reby avail+ !mselves ( ! ,jesuit c\rses1 0 regulat$ by ?is assembly4 ,9 no case 7 !y to be provid$ ) a corps ( ,pr(essors di/9ct f ! faculty ( ! college4 ,9 #aegc ,fa!r ,ev]>d ,m]curian1 a ,belgian1 0 elect$ to succe$ ,sa9t ,francis ,borgia4 ,he 0 sixty-eight ye>s old at ! "t ( 8 election1 & liv$ eight ye>s aft]4 ,he drew out ( ! ,con/itution v>i\s summ>ies ( rules = ! guidance ( ! *ief (fic]s 9 ! ,society4 ,^? :i* conc]n /udies are giv5 9 a few pages ( ! ,monum5ta4#acc ,at 8 dea?1 a "y man ?irty-sev5 ye>s old1 :o _h ent]$ ! ,ord] only ab\t twelve ye>s be=e1 0 elect$ to succe$ him4 ,?is 0 ,claudius ,aquaviva1 son ( ,pr9ce ,john ,aquaviva1 ,duke ( ,atri4 ,he 0 a man :o1 = 8 sup]ior executive abilities & 8 s]vices r5d]$ to ! ,ord] 9 times mo/ critical1 has be5 reg>d$ z a second f\nd]4 ,z to :at 8 adm9i/ration saw effect$ 9 ! matt] ( education1 ! ,ratio ,/udiorum be>s witness4 ,he gov]n$ ! ,society dur+ ?irty-f\r ye>s4 ,mutius ,vitelles*i1 "o ( ! milde/ & g5tle/ ( m51 b n on t acc\nt ineffective 9 8 gov]nm5t1 succe$$ ,aquaviva1 fill+ a t]m ( ?irty-"o ye>s1 f #afae to #afdf4 ,v>i\s p$agogic int]e/s occupi$ ! att5tion ( ! g5]al assembly1 by :i* he 0 elect$2 9 p>ticul>1 ! promotion ( ,humane ,lett]s1 ! means ( supply+ ,pr(essors1 & ! se>*+ "* ( ! exam9ations orda9$1 at e /ep 9 _! /udies1 = ! memb]s ( ! ,society4 ,! f>!r ! ,society advanc$ 9 hi/ory1 ! less !re 0 ( new legislation4 ,! t5sion grew on ! side ( adm9i/ration2 & ! urg5cy %[n by g5]al assemblies ev9ces ?is4 ,! philological sem9>y 0 develop$ = ! junior s*ola/ics2 & a classic =m drawn up = x by ,j\vancy4 ,z di/+ui%$ tal5ts = prea*+ & gov]n+ 7 treat$ ) ! special favor ( be+ all[$ to comp5sate = "s defici5cies1 9 ! qualifications requisite = ! degree ( ,pr(ession 9 ! ,ord]1 s special legislation provid$ = simil> em95ce 9 lit]ature1 9 ,ori5tal languages1 9 ,greek & ,hebrew4 ,ma!matics _h1 f ! fir/1 be5 a dep>tm5t ( activity native to ! en]gies ( ! ,company4 ,! s*ools ( ,geography & ,hi/ory develop$ 9 ! sev5te5? & at ! beg9n+ ( ! eighte5? c5turies4 ,! s*ool ( mod]n ,physics !n ass]t+ itself1 & runn+ s close ^u ! field ( ,metaphysics1 0 subject$ to regulations 9 ! assemblies ( #agcj & #agea4 ,aft] ! re/oration ( ! ,ord]1 social & educational circum/ances be+ s imm5sely alt]$1 ! :ole gr\nd _h to be survey$ aga91 ) a view to adaptation2 ! curriculum _h to be exp&$1 &1 :]e necess>y1 prolong$ to meet ! gr[+ dem&s ( ! exact sci5ces2 & an indef9ite numb] ( specialties to be provid$ =1 by ! selection & fo/]+ ( special tal5ts4 ,^! special l9es are1 9 ! t]ms ( ! late/ g5]al assembly1 ,anci5t ,languages1 ,philology1 ,e?nology1 ,ar*ology1 ,hi/ory1 ,high] ,ma!matics1 & all ! ,natural ,sci5ces4 ,we are ?us br\ght d[n1 9 ! hi/ory ( g5]al legislation1 to ! v rec5t date1 #ahhc1 less ?an t5 ye>s ago4 ,mean:ile ! ,g5]als1 on :om re/$ ! burd5 ( sup]vis+ all ?is1 dis*>g$ ! functions ( adm9i/ration4 ,fa!r ,v9c5t ,c>affa promot$ & urg$ on ! pursuit ( ,belles ,lettres1 & def9$ positions 9 ,ma!matics4 ,fa!r ,francis ,piccolom9i1 9 a g5]al ord9ance = all ! high] /udies1 def9$ ! /& to be tak5 by ,pr(essors1 z repres5t+ ! ,society itself 9 _! *airs2 s1 too1 ,fa!r ,gosw9 ,nickel1 ) ref]5ce to c]ta9 new issues4 ,bo? he & 8 successor1 ,paul ,oliva1 _h to face ! new cont+5cies :i* arose f ! *>ges ( ! ,jans5i/s aga9/ :at !y call$ ! loose moral tea*+s ( ! ,jesuits4 ,fa!r ,oliva /imulat$ ! pursuit ( excell5ce 9 ,humane ,lett]s1 9 ! ,greek1 ,hebrew1 ,arabic1 & ,*aldaic languages4 ,positions ( ,desc>tes1 ,leibnitz1 z well z ( c]ta9 o!rs 9 ,philosophy & ,!ology1 7 animadv]t$ ^u by ! ,g5]als ,tambur9i & ,retz4 ,fa!r ,ignatius ,visconti urg$ aga9 ! pursuit ( p]fection 9 lit]>y matt]s1 & 9 ! mann] ( conduct+ ! s*ools ( lit]ature4 ,& ! ,g5]al ,aloysius ,c5turione1 %ortly be=e ! ,suppression1 laid d[n ! cle>e/ pr9ciples ) respect to ! /udy ( ,moral ,!ology1 & ! exam9ations !re94 ,s9ce ! re/oration ( ! ,ord]1 ,fa!rs ,roo?aan1 ,beckx1 & ! actual ,g5]al1 ,an?ony ,m4 ,&]l$y1 h devot$ _! own att5tion & direct$ t ( ! ,society to ! ways ( accept+1 ) undim9i%$ en]gy1 ! alt]$ & unfavorable situation1 9 :i* ! pres5t c5tury has plac$ ! ,ord]1 & hamp]s ! reviv$ ,in/itute4 ,= ?is imm5se organization _h be5 almo/ entirely de/roy$ by ! /roke ( a p5--! signature ( ,clem5t ,,xiv giv5 9 p5cil4 ,!y dispute :e!r he gave x at all2 or1 at lea/1 :e!r he meant x4 ,h[soev] t be1 ! ,ord]1 :i* _h be5 erect$ on ! pr9ciple ( ob$i5ce1 receiv$ ! ^w & disappe>$4 ,! rock on :i* x _h set its foot became ! alt> ( a sacrifice2 & t a sacrifice (f]$ )\t a /ruggle or a remon/rance1 to betray any *ange 9 ! _s1 ) :i* ,ignatius1 two hundr$ & ?irty-?ree ye>s be=e1 _h v[$ ob$i5ce to ! ,vic> ( ,*ri/4 ,an epigram _h be5 writt51 on ! occasion ( ! fir/ c5t5>y1 "u a picture ( ,ar*im$es & 8 lev]2 ,ar*im$es is gett+ a foo?old = 8 lev] to move ! _w2 & b5ea? is ! epigram3-- ,fac p$em figat1 et t]ram movebit4 ,its foot+ 0 n[ tak5 away1 & x vani%$ f ! _w4 ,:ile ! ,ca?olic ,b\rbon c\rts 7 ?us successful 9 accompli%+ a manoeuvre1 :i* at fitful int]vals !y _h essay$ h]et(ore1 ! s*ismatical ,empress1 ,ca!r9e ,,ii ( ,russia1 d5\nc$ x & endeavor$ to c\nt]act x4 ,%e wrote to ! ,pope 9 #aghc1 t %e 0 resolv$ to ma9ta9 ^! ,prie/s aga9/ any p[]1 :atsoev] x 02 & %e 0 good to h] ^w2 ! ,society rema9$ unsuppress$ 9 ,:ite ,russia4 ,! ,prote/ant ,k+ ( ,prussia1 ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 )\t exhibit+ all ! temp] ( ! irascible lady1 manipulat$ ?+s z be/ he c\ld to pres]ve ! ,society4 ,to sum up ! ,ord]'s exp]i5ces1 x may well be said t 9 public life !re is no resurrection2 & ! ,/ate :i* dies is dead =ev]4 ,f infancy on ?r\gh maturity x goes its way decrepit to ! grave4 ,yet ,balmez obs]ves1 ! ,society ( ,jesus did n foll[ ! common c\rse ( o!rs1 ei!r 9 its f\ndation1 its developm5t1 or its fall2 t ,ord]1 ( :i* x is truly & correctly said1 t x _h nei!r infancy nor old age4#acd ,x rose aga92 & ! flag ( ! ,knight ( ,loyola1 ?\gh worn & torn1 0 none ! less fair = t3-- ,jam se ipso =mosius e/4 ,= nei!r ! viol5ce ( endurance1 nor ! vehem5ce ( en]gy1 al?\gh begett+ int5se/ fatigue1 is to be conf\nd$ ) decay4 ,x 0 n decay1 a c5tury ago1 :5 expropriation & exile 7 ! confess$ policy ( ! c\rts 9 ,europe2 :51 z an ,am]ican writ] /ates x1 9 ,portugal ,pombal cut ! ,gordian knot4444 ,he comm5c$ by ! expulsion ( ! ,jesuits & ! expropriation ( _! prop]ty4 ,nor is x decay 9 ! ,ord]1 :5 a lib]al conf$]ation 9 ,switz]l&1 on obta9+ ! political asc5d5cy 9 #ahdh1 suppresses ! ,jesuit ,univ]sity at ,frib\rg1 & provides 9 ?is wise1 z an ,am]ican writ] records3 ,no religi\s society %all be all[$ to tea*2 & p]sons h]eaft] educat$ by ! ,jesuits1 or by any ( ! ,ord]s affiliat$ to ! ,jesuits1 %all be incapable ( hold+ (fice 9 ,*ur* or ,/ate4#ace ,policy l ?is1 :e!r 9 ! c\ntries expurgat$1 or 9 c\ntries !reunto affiliat$1 proves no decay 9 ! ,ord]4 ,b :]e decay may come 9 has be5 cle>ly po9t$ out by "o ( its ,g5]als4 ,speak+ ( ! ,education ( ,y\? & ! ,promotion ( ,humane ,lett]s1 ,mutius ,vitelles*i wrote1 9 #afci1 ,if ev] ! ,society 7 to decl9e f t l(ty position :i* x holds ) s _m prov9ces & peoples1 su* an ev5t c\ld come ab\t 9 no o!r way ?an by fail+ to walk 9 ! same /eps1 by :i*1 ) ! ,div9e ,grace1 x has acquir$ t high e/eem4#acf ,^? /eps _h be5 tak5 9 v>i\s pa?s1 ( :i* only two h conc]n$ u "h4 ,= its m5 ( action 7 l>gely id5tifi$ ) ! g5]al hi/ory ( ,europe2 & its m5 ( ! ^w1 :o toil$ 9 apo/olic "w1 at home or abroad1 h entw9$ _! memories 9 ! hi/ory ( s\ls1 (t5 ungrateful1 yet always wor?y ( ! toil4 ,b its m5 ( ! s*ool did a "w :i* we h sket*$ 9 a g5]al way1 & :i* we %all analyze 9 ! second "p ( ?is essay2 :ile its m5 ( ! p5 des]ve a pass+ ^w ( notice "h4 ,!y conc]n u f a p$agogic po9t ( view1 9 _m ways4 ,!y wrote text-books1 _m ( :i* are ! basis ( manuals 9 almo/ e l9e ( education to-day1 sometimes )\t ! *ange ( a ^w1 & g5]ally )\t ackn[l$gm5t4 ,besides t1 _! lit]>y productions 71 z a rule1 ! (fspr+ ( _! labors 9 ! s*ools4 ,x might n be safe to e/imate _! /&+ z littrateurs1 by ! process :i* a ,scot* ,pr(essor uses1 :o1 9 ! c\rse ( =ty-sev5 elegant lectures on ,rhetoric & ,belles ,lettres1 sees little occasion to recognize ! exi/5ce ( ?is ,jesuit s*ool ( lit]ature1 except :5 he goes out ( 8 way to salute ,pre ,rap9 9 a some:at que/ionable mann]4#acg ,_m ( ^? :om ! ,scotti% ,pr(essor himself does honor to1 9 8 pages1 7 ,jesuit s*ol>s1--,bossuet1 ,corneille1 ,molire1 ,tasso1 ,font5elle1 ,didrot1 ,voltaire1 ,b\rdal\e1 himself a ,jesuit4 ,x w\ld be saf] !n to det]m9e ! /&+ ( ^! ,pr(essors1 :o 7 9 control ( a great lit]>y age1 by look+ at ! gold5 age itself1 t ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,! majority ( ! brilliant figures1 :om ,dr4 ,blair names z illu/rat+ ! epo*1#ach 7 all ,jesuit s*ol>s4 ,naturally1 !n1 ! fifty ,pr(essors ( ! ,jesuit ,college at ,p>is 71 z ,c>d9al ,maury affirm$1 a p]man5t tribunal ( lit]ature = all m5 ( lett]s1 a high c\rt ( judicature1 a focus ( public att5tion f :i* radiat$ ! public op9ion ( ! capital2 9 %ort1 z ,piron _h emphatically said1 ! ,/>-*amb] ( lit]>y reputations4#aci ,devot$ z !y 7 to an au/]e pr(ession1 we may say ( _m among !m1 t !y 7 n !mselves romanc]s ( a lively fancy or great poets2 & s f> agree ) ,voltaire1 :o made ?is v rem>k ab\t 8 old ,pr(essor1 ,pre ,pore4 ,yet also1 )\t inconsi/5cy ,i believe1 we may agree ) ! _s ( ,pre ,pore's rejo9]1 :5 ! rem>k 0 report$ to him1 t he 0 n "o ( ! great poets4 ,! ,jesuit repli$1 ,at lea/ y may grant t ,i h be5 able to make "s ( !m4 ,&1 %\ld results be gaug$ on a wid] basis ?an m]e poetry1 n a few ( ! mo/ prom95t m5 9 ,european hi/ory w\ld seem to h be5 ! outcome ( ?is sy/em1 m51 too1 :o repres5t$ e possible s*ool & t5d5cy1 9 _! subsequ5t lit]>y & public life4 ,a few names %[ ?is4 ,!re are ^? ( ,desc>tes1 ,buffon1 ,ju/us ,lipsius1 ,muratori1 ,cald]on1 ,vico1 ! jurisconsult1 f\nd] ( ! philosophical s*ool ( hi/ory4 ,!re are ,ri*elieu1 ,tilly1 ,male%]bes1 ,don ,john ( ,au/ria1 ,luxemb\rg1 ,e/]hazy1 ,*oiseul1 ) ^? ( ,sa9t ,francis de ,sales1 f\nd] ( a religi\s ,ord]1 ,lamb]t9i1 aft]w>ds ! mo/ le>n$ ( ,popes1 "u ! "n ( ,b5$ict ,,xiv1 & ! pres5t ,pontiff1 ,leo ,,xiii1 also mo/ erudite4 ,^! c]ta9ly repres5t _m s*ools & t5d5cies1 & !y come1 ) _m o!rs1 f ! same s*ools4#adj ,z au?ors ( e k9d1 & 9 dep>tm5ts ev5 f> remote f ! regul> c\rses ( ! s*ools1 ,jesuit writ]s 71 at ! v lea/1 s f> relat$ to ,jesuit tea*]s1 t1 z we see 9 ! bibliographical diction>y ( ! ,society1 all _h be5 ,pr(essors1 ) sc>cely an exception2 & almo/ all _h pr(ess$ ,humanities1 ,belles ,lettres1 ,rhetoric4 ,:5 ,fa!r ,na?aniel ,s\?well ( ,norfolk endeavor$1 9 #afgf1 to compile a diction>y ( ^! au?ors1 he record$ ^? ^: works _h ! qualification ( a respectable bulk to recomm5d !m4 ,he ent]$ ! names & works ( #bbdj au?ors :o answ]$ ?is description4 ,?is 0 #acf ye>s aft] ! f\ndation ( ! ,ord]4 ,! ent]prise 0 repeat$ly tak5 9 h& aft]w>ds4 ,! possibility ( ev] accompli%+ x 0 mu* jeop>diz$ by ! ,suppression4 ,b at l5g? ! two ,fa!rs ,de ,back] publi%$ a s]ies ( sev5 qu>to volumes1 9 ! ye>s #ahec-ahfa2 & ?is fir/ /ep !y foll[$ up1 9 ! ye>s #ahfi-ahgf1 ) a new edition1 9 ?ree imm5se folios1 conta9+ ! names ( #aa1ajj au?ors4 ,?is numb] does n include ! supplem5ts1 ) ! names ( writ]s 9 ! pres5t c5tury1 & ( ! anonym\s & pseudonym\s au?ors4 ,( ?is la/ category1 ,fa!r ,somm]vogel's rese>*es1 up to #ahhd1 enabl$ him to publi% a catalogue1 :i* fills a full octavo volume ( #fjj pages1 ) d\ble columns4 ,! writ]s ( ?is c5tury1 :om ! ,de ,back]s catalogu$ 9 _! supplem5t1 fill #fdg columns1 folio1 v small pr9t4 ,altoge!r1 ! ?ree folios conta9 #gjhf columns1 compress$ ) e art ( typographical cond5sation4 ,su>ez ( c\rse is to be se5 !re1 & ,cornelius ,lapide1 ,petau1 & ! ,boll&i/s4 ,a s+le "n1 l t ( ,zacc>ia1 has #aag works record$ "u x1 :]e( ! #aaf? is 9 #ac volumes qu>to1 & ! #aag? 9 #bb volumes octavo4 ,! ,cate*ism ( ,canisius fills ne>ly #aa columns ) ! notices ( its pr9cipal editions1 translations1 abridgm5ts2 ! comm5t>ies ^u x1 & critiques4 ,rossignol has #ff works to 8 "n4 ,! li/ ( productions ab\t ,edmund ,campian1 = or aga9/ him1 *iefly 9 ,engli%1 fills1 9 ,de ,back]s' folio1 two & a half columns ( m9ute/ pr9t4 ,bell>m9e1 9 ,fa!r ,somm]vogel's new edition1 fills #ej pages1 d\ble column4#ada ,"u ea* "w are record$ ! editions1 translations1 sometimes made into e language1 includ+ ,arabic1 ,*9ese1 ,indian2 also ! critiques1 & ! works publi%$ 9 refutation--a controv]sial ent]prise :i* l>gely built up ! ,prote/ant !ological lit]ature ( ! times1 &1 9 ,bell>m9e's case alone1 meant ! !ological ,prote/ant lit]ature = #dj or #ej ye>s aft]w>ds4 ,ox=d f\nd$ an anti-,bell>m9e *air4 ,! editions ( "o ( ?is great man's works are catalogu$ by ,somm]vogel "u ! di/9ct heads ( #ed languages4#adb ,9 ! me?odical or synoptic table1 at ! end ( ! ,de ,back]s' "w1 n only are ! subjects well-nigh innum]able1 :i* h _! catalogues ( au?ors' names atta*$ to !m1 b su* subjects too are "h z might n be expect$4 ,?us ,milit>y ,art has #cb au?ors' names "u x2 ,agriculture #aa2 ,navy #ab2 ,music #de2 ,m$ic9e #bh4 ,to conclude !n our ,hi/ory ( ?is ,educational ,ord]1 we h "o synoptical view ( x 9 ^! twelve or ?irte5 ?\s& au?ors1 all ( "o family4 ,we h mu* m4 ,?is "o "w atte/+1 z ,de ,back] says 9 8 preface1 at "o & ! same "t a prodigi\s activity & (t5 an indisputable m]it1 :]e( ?ree & a half c5turies h be5 ! c\rse 9 "t1 & ! :ole _w ! place & !atre1 is a g5]al record ( religion1 lett]s1 sci5ce1 & education1 9 e c\ntry1 civiliz$ or b>b>\s1 :]e ! ,society ( ,jesus labor$ & travell$4 ,& :]e has x n done s8 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! _w x 0 ! fir/ to occupy ! field ) lit]>y m51 :o !n s5t communications to _! sup]iors1 or to le>n$ societies1 ab\t ! mann]s ( diff]5t c\ntries1 ! /ate ( religion !re1 ( lett]s1 sci5ce1 & education1 includ+ reports ( _! own obs]vations 9 geography1 meteorology1 botany1 a/ronomy1 m9]alogy1 etc4 ,orig9al s\rces1 f :i* lat] hi/ory 9 ,nor?1 ,s\?1 & ,c5tral ,am]ica is draw+ mat]ials1 are se5 describ$ "h z !y appe>$2 s too ) reg>d to ,japan1 ,*9a1 ,?ibet1 ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 ,h9du/an1 ,syria1 z also to-day ) respect to ! native tongues ( ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians4 ,"h ! record ( publi%$ lit]ature1 describ$ & catalogu$ accord+ to date1 m>ks ! /ages ( ma!matical & physical sci5ce1 f ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury onw>ds1 & ( magnetic & electrical rese>*es all ?r\gh la/ c5tury2 z well z ! relation%ip betwe5 ! books ( ,jesuit au?ors & simil> or k9dr$ ones1 by p]sons outside ! ,society1 9 diff]5t c\ntries & ( div]s religions4 ,9 %ort1 works compos$ 9 mo/ ( ! tongues ( ! _w exhibit ! *ief p]iods 9 univ]sal culture1 & ! developm5ts elaborat$ 9 ! civilization ( mank9d4#adc ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,analysis ,,( ,,! ,,sy/em ,,( ,,/udies ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,aquaviva4 ,,! ,,ratio ,,/udiorum4 ,s c5traliz$ an ,ord] z ! ,society ( ,jesus1 :i* =m$ its ,pr(essors = e c\ntry1 & s5t !m f "o place to ano!r1 und]took1 9 do+ s1 to exhibit a def9ite sy/em ( education1 ( c\rses1 ( me?od4 ,besides su* a unity ( me?od1 x pr(ess$ also a consi/5t uni=mity ( doctr9e4 ,be=e its "t !re 0 no "o me?od :i* c\ld be consid]$ univ]sal2 because !re 0 no tea*+ body itself univ]sal4 ,! ,ord]1 z x bran*$ out into ! _w1 f\nd a v>iety ( sy/ems 9 vogue2 & ! ,jesuit ,pr(essors con=m$1 z be/ !y c\ld1 to ! local traditions ( populations v div]se1 9 univ]sities :i* 7 di/9ct & mutually indep5d5t4 ,b1 :ile !y endeavor$ to bett] su* sy/ems1 9 accordance ) ! plan ( _! own ,con/itution1 x 0 cle> t !y fell %ort ( realiz+ ! idea ( _! f\nd]4 ,h5ce v>iations & disp5sations 7 "p ( ! usual ord] ( ! day4 ,yet !re is a be/ way ( do+ ev]y?+2 &1 n lea/1 9 education4 ,9 su* a be/ way1 "s elem5ts are ess5tial at all times1 :ile o!rs are accid5tal1 & v>y ) "t1 place1 & circum/ance4 ,! ideal sy/em w pres]ve 9 its integrity all t is ess5tial1 & !n w adapt ! g5]al pr9ciples ) ! close/ adju/m5t to ! p>ticul> environm5t4 ,besides ! unity ( me?od desir$1 :i* ,i may def9e to be ! be/ way be/ adju/$ to circum/ance1 !re 0 ne$1 z ,i h j said1 ( a consi/5t uni=mity ( doctr9e2 le/1 9 ! same *air ( philosophy1 ( div9ity1 or ( sci5ce1 or 9 *airs plac$ side by side1 "o ,pr(essor %\ld say ,yea to a "q1 & ano!r ,nay to ! same "q1 ) no m mat]ial a reason evid5t = ! diff]5ce1 save t "o taught "h & ! o!r !re1 "o spoke ye/]day1 ! o!r speaks to-day4 ,! educational effects1 h[ev]1 are f> f be+ immat]ial2 =1 contradictory /atem5ts elid+ "o ano!r1 x is q possible t ! /ud5ts und]/& less ! next day ?an ! day be=e4 ,&1 z to ! ,pr(essors !mselves1 no?+ c imp]il m ! h>mony & effici5cy ( an educational organization1 ?an disagreem5t ( op9ion 9 ! function & act ( tea*+4 ,9 philosophy1 ! occasions = dispute spr+ (f at e turn4 ,!ology1 z e "o kn[s1 is made to bri/le ) !m4 ,&1 among m5 :o are !mselves educat$ to ! highe/ degree ( m5tal culture1 int]e/s & que/ions l ^! are f> m absorb+ ?an money1 place1 or p[] else:]e4 ,if any:]e ideas rule1 x is among m5 ( pr(\nd ?\ght2 z ! int5se intellectuality ( ! m$ival univ]sities _h %[n1 ) all ! consequ5ces ( unlimit$ vag>ies 9 an unbridl$ s*ola/icism2 or1 aga91 z ! :ole hi/ory ( ! intellectual ,greek _w _h evid5c$1 :e!r 9 ! e>ly ages ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 or 9 ! hea!n g5]ations be=e4 ,:atev]1 !n1 a man may ?9k privately1 & be free to ?9k1 9 matt]s ( m]e op9ion1 ! g5ius ( education imposes limits on ! mann] & matt] ( 8 actual tea*+2 & ! speculations ( a ?9k]1 a writ]1 or an inve/igator1 are n to be conf\nd$ ) ! be/ results ( an educator1 :o1 do+ 8 "w 9 ! be/ way1 is to effect a def9ite & imm$iate object4 ,t object is no?+ less ?an ! equipp+ ( fre% "y spirits ) pr9ciples ( ?\ght & habits ( life1 to ent] fully appo9t$ on _! respective pa?s ( duty4 ,9 ?is view1 !re=e1 def9it5ess ( matt]1 no less ?an unity ( me?od1 7 requir$ f ! fir/ = an effective sy/em ( education4 ,dur+ =ty ye>s1 ! individual ent]prise ( exp]i5c$ & responsible m5 _h be5 int]pret+ ! values & measur+ ! results ( exi/+ me?ods4 ,! ,society itself _h m\nt$ into su* a position1 z practically to comm& ! :ole field ( secul> education4 ,its own sy/em mu/ h be5 excell5t already4 ,nor c\ld t sy/em h be5 uni=mly excell5t1 b = "s uni=mity :i* *>act]iz$ x4 ,/ill ! unity 0 defective4 ,! ,prov9ces 7 petition+ = an improvem5t4 ,evils ob/ruct$ ! way to some?+ bett]4 ,= ^! reasons1 ! matt] 0 tak5 9 h& by "o ,g5]al aft] ano!r4 ,& ! f9al outcome ( _! "w 0 a ,=m1 or ,me?od ( ,/udies1 ,=mula1 or ,ratio ,/udiorum4 ,on ! n9ete5? day ( ,febru>y1 #aeha1 ,fa!r ,claudius ,aquaviva 0 elect$ fif? ,g5]al ,sup]ior ( ! ,society4 ,tak+ up ?is educational project :]e 8 pr$ecessors _h left x1 &1 l !m1 avail+ himself ( 8 almo/ b\ndless res\rces = obta9+ in=mation1 he began by putt+ ! "w ?r\gh e possible /age ( consultation1 to :i* ! traditions ( 8 (fice1 & 8 own executive ability prompt$ him2 &1 :5 all prud5t means _h be5 exhau/$ 9 delib]at+1 he !n us$ ! executive p[] :i* 0 ve/$ 9 him2 & he requir$ t :at _h be5 s labori\sly design$1 by ! unit$ ef=ts ( _m1 %\ld h5ce=? be r$uc$ to practice1 ) ! good w ( all4 ,x w be int]e/+ to review briefly ! process ( elaboration4 ,9 ! g5]al assembly :i* elect$ ,aquaviva1 a committee ( twelve ,fa!rs f diff]5t c\ntries 0 appo9t$ to draw up a me?od ( /udies4 ,h[ f> _! "w proce$$ does n appe>4 ,?ree ye>s lat]1 9 #aehd1 ! ,g5]al nam$ a ,commission ( six1 ,john ,azor f ,spa91 ,gasp> ,gonzalez f ,portugal1 ,pet] ,buys f ,au/ria1 ,an?ony ,guisani f ,upp] ,g]many1 ,/eph5 ,tucci ( ,rome1 & ,james ,tyre to repres5t ,france4 ,?is la/-nam$ ,jesuit1 a ,scot*man1 0 n unkn[n 9 ! li/s ( controv]sy to 8 c\ntryman1 ,john ,knox4 ,!y 7 all exp]i5c$ 9 ! adm9i/ration ( colleges1 & v]s$ 9 ! subjects ( all ! faculties4 ,ent]+ on _! labors1 !y work$ dur+ six w9t] mon?s 9 ! ,po5it5ti>ia ( ,/4 ,pet]'s 9 ,rome2 &1 dur+ ! next ?ree summ] mon?s1 !y resid$ 9 ! ,quir9al4 ,! eyes ( ! *ief au?orities 9 ! ,ca?olic _w 7 turn$ 9 expectancy t[>ds !m4 ,inde$1 "s ( ! *ief int]e/s ( ,ca?olic ,*ri/5dom seem$ to dep5d ^u !m4 ,!y sp5t ?ree h\rs a day 9 consultation4 ,! re/ ( _! "t !y devot$ to consult+ au?ors & conn+ ov] me?ods1 9 ! ?ree fields ( lett]s1 philosophy1 & div9ity4 ,! docum5ts :i* !y /udi$ are enum]at$ by !mselves z be+ ! m9utes ( previ\s delib]ations held at ,rome1 or 9 ! m prom95t colleges ( ! ,ord]2 ! lett]s1 consultations & laws ( ! univ]sities1 & o!r su* docum5ts1 s5t at diff]5t times up to t date f ,italy1 ,spa91 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,pol&2 ! f\r? "p ( ! ,con/itution1 z ! /&>d ( guidance2 ! canons ( ! g5]al assemblies2 ! rules & /atutes ( ! s*ools2 moreov]1 ! cu/oms & regulations ( ! ,roman ,college4#add ,aft] n9e mon?s ( consecutive labor1 !y pres5t$ ! results to ! ,g5]al1 9 ,augu/1 #aehe4 ,fa!r ,aquaviva submitt$ ! docum5t = exam9ation to ! ,pr(essors ( ! ,roman ,college4 ,!n he took ! :ole matt] "u 8 own p]sonal consid]ation1 ) 8 f\r ,g5]al ,assi/ants1 :o repres5t$ ea* a c]ta9 numb] ( ,prov9ces4 ,at ?is /age1 ! report 0 pr9t$1 n z a rule det]m9$ on1 b z ! prelim9>y outl9e ( a rule4 ,! copies /ruck (f 7 few1 j en\gh = ! use ( ! ,prov9ces4 ,! ,g5]al's lett]1 :i* accompani$ ! report1 def9$ ! precise /age at :i* ! process 0 n[ und]/ood to be4#ade ,he says t1 9 a matt] ( su* grave & univ]sal consequ5ce1 x 0 n 8 int5tion to prescribe any?+1 )\t fir/ le>n+ ! op9ions ( ! *ief ,doctors ( ! ,society4 ,accord+ly1 he _h be5 cont5t ) read+ ! results ( ! ,commission's labors1 decree+ no?+1 *ang+ no?+1 except s f> z 0 necess>y to put x 9 %ape = di/ribution4 ,he n[ requir$ ! ,prov9cial ,sup]iors1 imm$iately ^u receipt ( ! pres5t lett]1 to select at lea/ five m51 :o 7 ! be/ qualifi$ 9 po9t ( le>n+ & judgm5t1 along ) o!r memb]s1 :o 7 em95t 9 lit]ature1 & :om ! ,prov9cial might ?9k fit to convoke4 ,to ^! ! report 0 to be submitt$1 = ea* to exam9e privately1 & ) great c>e4 ,on c]ta9 days1 sev]al times 9 ! week1 !y 7 to meet & hold consultations2 to put _! conclusions 9 writ+1 z well ) reg>d to ! practical me?od ( /udies1 z ) reg>d to ! speculative op9ions :i* !y favor$2 !y 7 to note :atev] !y ?\ght %\ld be add$1 or be made cle>]1 or o!rwise regulat$1 = ! great] p]fection ( ! "w4 ,if any ( ! ,fa!rs1 designat$ = ?is ,prov9cial committee1 c\ld n possibly att5d ! meet+s1 /ill !y 7 to s5d _! op9ions 9 writ+ to ! ,fa!rs actually 9 session2 s t full acc\nt might be tak5 ( ! public op9ion 9 t ,prov9ce4 ,! crit]ion !y 7 to foll[1 9 mak+ up _! m9ds1 0 n s mu* _! own private s5tim5t or _! own lean+ ?is way or t1 z ! g5]al good ( ! :ole ,society1 ! practice ( ! univ]sities & s*ools1 &1 9 f9e1 ! judgm5t ( ,doctors mo/ approv$ = _! au?ority & solidity ( doctr9e4 ,aquaviva ref]s to ! idea & int5tion ( ,ignatius ) respect to ! pres5t und]tak+2 & he adds3 ,i w\ld h all /eadfa/ly keep ?is object 9 view1 t !y endeavor to f9d out reasons1 n h[ a f9al decree may be prev5t$1 z if ! ent]prise 7 h>d1 & c\ld n possibly be c>ri$ out 7= we h made up our m9d to c>ry x out1 s9ce x is necess>y1 & is recomm5d$ by ! ,con/itution72 b h[ ! difficulties1 if any su* !re be1 may disappe>1 & ! :ole ,ord] may comb9e 9 "o & ! same arrangem5t2 = o!rwise ! f9al result w\ld only be ! great] detrim5t ( ! ,society4 ,he calls _! att5tion to an important po9t1 9 :at is n[ /yl$ ,p$agogics1 or ! ,sci5ce ( ,education4 ,x is1 t1 9 ! =m n[ s5t out1 ! ,fa!rs _h tak5 pa9s to expla9 _! reasons = arriv+ at conclusions4 ,t w\ld n be done 9 ! ,sy/em to be drawn up lat]1 :i* w\ld conta9 only ! /atem5t ( directions = all to foll[4 ,9 ^! words1 we h a mo/ important di/9ction laid d[n betwe5 ! sci5ce :i* und]lies ! sy/em ( education1 & ! practical me?od itself :i* re/s ^u ! sci5ce4 ,! ,ratio ,/udiorum1 z subsequ5tly promulgat$1 is a practical me?od4 ,! sci5ce is sket*$1 z ne$ arises1 9 ! prelim9>y ,ratio ( #aehf4 ,at ! same "t1 ,fa!r ,aquaviva despat*$ ano!r lett]1 ab\t :i* he says1 9 a po/script to ! =ego+1 t ! six po9ts provisionally laid d[n 9 x are to be subject$ to ! same exam9ation z ! prelim9>y ,ratio itself4 ,9 ?is supplem5t>y epi/le1 he premises t x w require mu* "t & consid]ation to issue ! f9al code ( rules2 & !re=e1 z a direction = ! "t be+1 he issues ! foll[+3-- ,fir/1 ,pr(essors %all adh]e to ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as z _! /&>d 9 !ology4 ,secondly1 !y %all take c>e1 9 _! mann] ( tea*+1 always to consolidate fai? & piety4 ,?irdly1 he lays d[n a pr9ciple ( /ill wid] application1 & "o :i* seems vital 9 ! :ole !ory & practice ( tea*+3 ,let no "o def5d any op9ion :i* is judg$ by ! g5]ality ( le>n$ m5 to g aga9/ ! receiv$ t5ets ( philosoph]s & !ologians1 or ! common cons5t ( !ological s*ools4 ,?is t\*es a vital elem5t 9 education4 ,if we suppose t ! tea*]'s art lies1 n 9 giv+ =? ! lucubrations ( 8 own private ?\ghts & !ories1 b 9 imp>t+ solid results1 approv$ & asc]ta9$1 to ^? :o come = su* results1 & wi% to receive !m 9 ! mo/ approv$ way1 !n ! ,pr(essor 9 8 *air ought n to mi/ake himself = ! au?or 9 8 /udy1 nor %\ld he practise on liv+ m51 ^: life is all be=e !m1 :at he might1 ) m propriety1 fir/ practise on ! leisur$ _w1 & te/ else:]e1 ei!r 9 ! pr9t$ page1 or 9 conf]5ce ) 8 equals4 ,! ,pr(essor1 z su*1 is n ! orig9al inve/igator4 ,9 ma!matics1 he is notori\sly n s4 ,9 t bran*1 ! be/ tea*] is ! man :o walks along a def9ite l9e1 turns nei!r to ! "r nor left1 & f9i%es 9 a def9ite "t2 or else 8 s*ol>s w nev] f9i%4 ,to a c]ta9 degree1 ! same holds 9 all c\rses4 ,if a man is !oriz+1 :5 he ought to be in/ruct+1 he goes (f ! l9e ( p]fect sy/em1 h[ev] mu* pa9s he takes ) 8 matt]2 j z mu* z if1 tak+ no pa9s :atev]1 he neglect$ 8 matt] altoge!r1 w5t beh9d x1 or ar\nd x1 gave hi/ories ( 8 bran*1 me?ods ( tea*+ x1 & descant$ on p$agogics1 to "y p :o 7 nev] s5t to him = t purpose4 ,!y are s5t to le>n def9ite matt]1 & to be =m$ !re9 on a good plan1 by ! man :o und]/&s x4 ,!n1 z ,loyola said 9 ano!r connection1 :5 !y h exp]i5c$ 9 !mselves ! effects !re(1 !y w be qualifi$ = all ! re/1 = und]/&+ ! plan itself on :i* !y h be5 =m$1 & enjoy+ all ! practical results ( x2 &1 if _! l9e ( life invites1 = und]/&+ o!r plans too4 ,?is is practical wisdom 9 education2 nei!r dilettantism nor speculation4 ,f\r?ly1 ,aquaviva lays d[n a pr9ciple reg>d+ ! public advocacy ( op9ions4 ,he is n ref]r+ to au?orities d5\nc+1 or ,pr(essors repudiat+1 !m2 b m]ely to c]ta9 conditions = putt+ !m =w>d3 ,if op9ions1 no matt] ^: !y be1 are f\nd 9 a c]ta9 prov9ce or city to give (f5ce to _m ,ca?olics1 :e!r memb]s ( ! ,society or n1 t is1 p]sons n unqualifi$ to judge1 let no "o tea* !m or def5d !m !re1 albeit ! same doctr9es may be taught else:]e )\t (f5ce4 ,! ^w def5ce1 9 a context l ?is1 means publi%+ & su/a9+ !ses aga9/ all com]s 9 public disputations2 :]e9 ! ,pr(essor repres5ts ! s*ool1 & ! s*ool is put to ! acc\nt ( ! ,ord]4 ,! pr9ciple seems discreet4 ,if a corporate body does n want to be compromis$1 x is n = ! memb] to compromise x4 ,if he wants to use ! p]fect fre$om ( 8 op9ions1 & deliv] himself ( 8 own pron\ncem5ts1 he ought fir/ to assure himself t 8 circum/ances are su* z to set him free f repres5t+ o!rs4 ,?is is an elem5t>y pr9ciple ( social & urbane exi/5ce4 ,! fif? po9t conc]ns ! m>* ( improvem5t 9 ! advancem5t ( op9ions4 ,x describes ! me?od ( discreet developm5t3 ,9 que/ions :i* h already be5 treat$ by o!rs1 let no "o foll[ new op9ions1 or1 9 matt]s :i* 9 any way p]ta9 to religion1 or are ( "s consequ5ce1 let no "o introduce new que/ions1 )\t consult+ ! ,prefect ( ,/udies1 or ! ,sup]ior4 ,if1 !n1 x /ill rema9s dubi\s1 :e!r ! new op9ion1 or ! new "q1 is p]missible1 x w be prop] = ! said au?ority1 9 ord] t ?+s may proce$ m smoo?ly1 to le>n ! judgm5t ( o!rs 9 ! ,society ^u ! subject2 & !n he w det]m9e :at appe>s be/ = ! great] glory ( ,god4 ,9 ! six? & la/ po9t1 ,aquaviva calls att5tion to a =m] decree1 ^u ! mann] ( treat+ ! ,ari/otelian philosophy4#adf ,s mu* = ?is lett] ( ,aquaviva4 ,on ! s5se & purport !re( he invit$ ! communication ( views f ! ,ord] at l>ge1 z well z on ! docum5t :i* he encloses1 ! prelim9>y ,ratio ,/udiorum4 ,to ?is we may n[ turn our att5tion4 ,! six ,fa!rs1 :o drew x up1 /ate1 9 _! introduction1 t !re are two ma9/ays & supports ( ! ,society ( ,jesus1 an ard5t pursuit ( piety & an em95t degree ( le>n+1 ard5s pietatis /udium et pr/ans r]um sci5tia4 ,if piety is n illum9$ ) ! light ( le>n+1 x c be1 no d\bt1 ( great use to ! p]son :o possesses x1 b ( sc>cely any use 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,*ur* & ( "o's neighbor1 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,^w & ( ! ,sacram5ts1 9 ! education ( y\?1 9 controv]sies ) ^? :o are ho/ile to ! fai?1 9 giv+ c\nsel1 answ]+ d\bts1 & 9 all o!r (fices & functions1 :i* are prop] to m5 ( ! ,ord]4 ,all ^! call = an end[m5t ( le>n+ n common1 b excell+ 9 its degree4 ,to acquire su* le>n+1 x is ( supreme consequ5ce t we set be=e ourselves :at pa? we ent] on1 :at arts we employ1 & :at means we use2 because1 unless a ready & tri$ me?od be adopt$1 ratio facilis ac sol]s1 mu* labor is sp5t 9 ga!r+ b little fruit2 :]eas1 if ! labor ( /udies be guid$ by "s sage rule1 great results are comp5di\sly obta9$1 at ! co/ ( little rese>*4 ,!n ! ,commission goes on to say3 ,we h und]tak5 to tea*1 n only memb]s ( ! ,ord]1 b y\? f ! _w outside4 ,! numb] ( ?is latt] class is va/2 x includes brilliant tal5t1 & repres5ts ! nobility4 ,we _c imag9e t we d ju/ice to our functions1 or come up to ! expectations =m$ ( u1 if we d n fe$ ?is multitude ( y\?s1 9 ! same way z nurses d1 ) food dress$ 9 ! be/ way1 = fe> !y gr[ up 9 our s*ools1 )\t gr[+ mu* 9 le>n+4 ,an additional spur is felt 9 ! circum/ance1 t :atev] conc]ns u is public &1 day aft] day1 is be=e ! eyes ( all1 ev5 ( ^? :o are n well dispos$ t[>ds u4 ,! ,fa!rs consid] x unnecess>y to enl>ge ^u t h>mony ( views1 s mu* comm5d$ 9 ! ,con/itution1 z to matt]s ( public policy or tea*+2 !y say1 suffici5t reg>d c\ld n1 up to ?is1 be paid to su* h>mony2 =1 :5 no common ord] or =m 0 z yet prescrib$1 e "o ?\ght t he c\ld hold :at s5tim5ts he lik$1 & tea* !m to o!rs 9 ! mann] he himself pref]r$2 s t sometimes ! memb]s ( ! ,ord] disagre$ z mu* among !mselves1 z ) o!rs outside4#adg ,aft] describ+1 9 vivid t]ms1 ! mann] 9 :i* !y _h conduct$ _! delib]ations1 & arriv$ at conclusions1 & h[1 :5 any ke5 dispute _h aris5 among !m1#adh !y _h divid$ & di/+ui%$ ! disput$ matt]1 & _h exam9$ x dur+ two & ev5 ?ree days1 till !y came to settle at la/ on :at all ( !m accept$1 ! critics come to ! ,practice & ,ord] ( ,/udies2#adi & ^u ?is !y enl>ge1 9 successive *apt]s1 "u ! foll[+ heads3-- ,! ,sacr$ ,scriptures4 ,! ,l5g? ( ! ,c\rse 9 ,div9ity4 ,! ,means ( f9i%+ t ,c\rse 9 ,f\r ,ye>s4 ,! ,me?od ( ,lectur+4 ,! ,que/ions :i* are ei!r n to be treat$ by ! ,!ological ,pr(essors1 or are to be treat$ only at a ,c]ta9 ,"p ( ! ,c\rse4 ,repetitions4 ,disputations4 ,! ,*oice1 ,c5sor%ip1 & ,correct+ ( ,op9ions4 ,! ,private ,/udies ( ,/ud5ts4 ,vacations4 ,! ,degrees ( ,ba*elor1 ,ma/]1 ,doctor4 ,controv]sial ,!ology4 ,moral ,!ology4 ,hebrew4 ,! ,/udy ( ,philosophy1 :i* includes ,physics4 ,ma!matics4 ,lit]ature1 t is1 ,gramm>1 ,hi/ory1 ,poetry1 ,rhetoric4 ,sem9>ies = ,lit]ature & ! ,high] ,faculties4 ,! ,pr(essors ( ,lit]ature4 ,! ,gramm> to be us$4 ,greek4 ,diff]5t ,ex]cises 9 ! ,classics4 ,incitem5ts to ,/udy4 ,! ,me?od ( ,promotion4 ,books4 ,vacations 9 ! ,l[] ,classes4 ,ord] & ,piety4 ,! ,respective ,objects & ,ex]cises ( ! ,classes ( ,gramm> & ,humanity4 ,! ,class ( ,humanity4 ,! ,class ( ,rhetoric4 ,g5]al ,di/ribution ( ,"t dur+ ! ,ye>4 ,^! are ! matt]s h&l$ 9 ! publication ( #aehf4 ,9 ! c\rse ( treatm5t1 ?is docum5t conta9s1 by way ( a runn+ comm5t>y1 ! complete !ory ( ,education1 or ,sci5ce ( ,p$agogics1 z und]/ood by ^! critics4 ,x w n be possible1 )9 ! brief limits ( ?is "w1 to give m ?an a b>e sket* ( ! p$agogical elem5ts conta9$ 9 ! "o hundr$ & fifty pages ( ! ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica4#aej ,a second1 p>tial edition ( ?is prelim9>y ,ratio 0 s5t out by ,fa!r ,aquaviva1 9 #aeia1 to :i* an ent]ta9+ bibliographical hi/ory is atta*$4#aea ,9 #aeic1 ! fif? g5]al assembly ( ! ,ord] met1 ,claudius ,aquaviva presid+4 ,by ?is "t1 dur+ ! int]val ( sev5 ye>s :i* _h elaps$ s9ce ! fir/ edition1 ! book _h be5 subject$ to exam9ation 9 all ! ,prov9ces2 obs]vations & criticisms _h be5 return$2 x _h be5 re-committ$ to ! ,fa!rs at ,rome1 & revis$ by ! ,g5]al ) 8 ,assi/ants2 & _h aga9 be5 s5t out = trial4 ,! ,prov9cials & ,deputies1 meet+ 9 #aeic1 br\ght ) !m ! reports ( h[ ! sy/em work$4 ,its slighte/ defects 7 not$4#aeb ,mo/ ask$ = an abridg$ =m4 ,amid ! v grave que/ions !n p5d+1 ! assembly took "s action on ! ,ratio4 ,x 0 re-committ$ once m to ! compet5t au?orities = revision4 ,& x assum$ its la/ & def9ite =m1 9 :at 0 probably its n9? edition4 ,?is la/ issue1 9 ! ye> #aeii1 aft] fifte5 ye>s sp5t on ! elaboration ( x1 is ! ,,ratio ,,/udiorum4 ,"o hundr$ & tw5ty-sev5 ye>s lat]1 ! great old ,univ]sity ( ,p>is seems to h become a disciple ( its educational rival1 ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,qu]>d obs]ves t ! ,rector1 ,roll91 )\t say+ any?+ ab\t x1 translat$ ! ,ratio = 8 ,trait des tudes4#aec ,inde$1 z ,m4 ,bral1 hi/orian ( t ,univ]sity1 obs]ves1 ref]r+ to ! suppression ( ! ,ord]3 ,once deliv]$ f ! ,jesuits1 ! ,univ]sity in/all$ itself 9 _! h\ses1 & cont9u$ _! mann] ( tea*+4#aed ,9 all g5]al works on education1 !re is "q ( ?is ,sy/em4 ,its =m is t ( a practical me?od1 )\t reasons be+ assign$1 or argum5ts urg$4 ,x is a legislative docum5t1 :i* sup]s$$ all previ\s =ms4 ,! ,g5]al's lett]1 :i* accompani$ x1 ord]$ ! suppression ( !m all1 promulgat+ ?is "o to ! exclusion ( ! re/4 ,! s5tim5t1 to :i* ! la/ words ( ?is lett] gives expression z a fond hope1 0 fully respond$ to by ! c\rse ( ev5ts1 9 ! "o hundr$ & sev5ty-f\r ye>s :i* 7 to elapse be=e ! g5]al suppression ( ! ,ord]3 ,x is believ$1 he said1 t x w br+ =? abundant fruit1 = ! b5efit ( our s*ol>s1 ,quae no/ris auditoribus ub]es fructus allatura cr$itur4 ,aquaviva's lett] is dat$ ! eigh? day ( ,janu>y1 #aeii4aee ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,=mation ,,( ,,! ,,ma/]4 ,,8 ,,c\rses ,,( ,,lit]ature ,,& ,,philosophy4 ,x seems an apt di/ribution ( our subject1 to consid]1 fir/1 ! =mation ( ! ,ma/]1 & secondly1 ! =mation ( ! ,s*ol>4 ,! ,ma/]'s developm5t w conduct u *iefly ?r\gh ! high] /udies2 ! ,s*ol>'s1 r ?r\gh ! l[]4 ,?us ! two p]sons1 ab\t :om ! sci5ce ( education revolves1 w be directly "u inspection2 :ile ! elem5ts :i* g to =m !m w1 at ! same "t1 pass "u review4 ,)\t !oriz+ on p$agogy1 ! ,jesuit sy/em itself1 m]ely z obs]v$ & realiz$1 results 9 ! =mation ( ,pr(essors4 ,!re are sev]al reasons1 app>5t on ! surface1 :y x %\ld d s4 ,! /udies1 :i* ! memb]s ( ! ,ord] pursue1 are ! same c\rses z ! ,ord] pr(esses = ! _w at l>ge4 ,b1 = ! ,jesuit memb]s ( ! div]s c\rses1 a mo/ elaborate sy/em ( exam9ations at e /age1 ) a specially se>*+ mann] ( te/+ ! /ud5ts1 is made to reg>d "o objective po9t1 :i* is ! capacity ( ! ,jesuit to tea* :at he has le>nt1 & ?is1 z ev9c$1 :ile "u exam9ation4 ,! mann]1 9 :i* ?is po9t is judicially det]m9$1 consi/s 9 ref]r+ ! exam9]s to a /&>d1 call$ m$iocrity4 ,aft] a p]sonal & oral disputation ) ! "y ,jesuit1 la/+ ei!r half an h\r1 or "o h\r1 or two consecutive h\rs1 accord+ to ! /age at :i* he happ5s to be1 a prepond]at+ vote ( ! f\r or five exam9+ ,pr(essors mu/ av] t he has surpass$ m$iocrity4 ,! le>n+1 prud5ce1 & s9c]ity ( ! exam9]s are appeal$ to )\t fur!r sanction1 except at ! v la/ /age 9 ! "y man's progress1 :5 success "u ! ordeal w entitle him to ,pr(ession 9 ! ,society4 ,!n ea* exam9]'s prud5ce is /imulat$1 & 8 s9c]ity b\nd d[n1 by an oa?4 ,only at "o initial /age1 t ( ! fir/ exam9ation 9 ! c\rse ( 8 ?ree ye>s' ,philosophy1 is a c]ta9 m>g9 all[$ ! beg9n]1 9 favor ( b>e m$iocrity4 ,m$iocrity is def9$ to be t degree ( intellig5ce1 & compreh5sion ( ! matt]s /udi$1 :i* c give an acc\nt ( !m to "o ask+ an explanation4 ,to surpass m$iocrity designates ! /ud5t's ability to def5d 8 entire gr\nd ) su* erudition & facility z %[ him qualifi$1 9 po9t ( actual atta9m5ts1 to pr(ess ! philosophy or !ology /udi$4 ,! f9al degree 9 ! ,ord]1 :i* is t ( ,pr(ession1 requires ?is compet5cy = all ,philosophy & ,!ology toge!r4 ,"h !n we see1 t ! capacity to tea* is made ! crit]ion ( hav+ le>n$ suffici5tly well4 ,pass+ ?r\gh all ! grades ) ?is m>k ( excell5ce1 ! man :o1 aft] a g5]al =mation ( sev5te5 ye>s1 & ! requisite developm5t ( o!r qualifications1 is !n appo9t$ to pr(ess 9 a *air ( ! high] faculties1 has be5 v mu* to ! mann] born ( surpass+ m$iocrity1 & ( do+ s ) ! *>act]i/ics ( a ,pr(essor4#aef ,h[ ! same pr9ciples1 if n 9 ! same =m1 affect ! conduct ( ! lit]>y curriculum1 we %all n[ see 9 ! re/ ( ?is *apt]4 ,! lit]>y curriculum has be5 already f9i%$ by ! ,jesuit1 be=e ent]+ ! ,ord]4 ,b1 aft] 8 admission1 special means are tak5 to h him revise ^? /udies1 ext5d !m1 & grasp !m f ! /&po9t ( ! tea*]4 ,x happ5s 9 ,jesuit hi/ory1 & ! nature ( second>y education w always h x s1 t ! l>ge/ am\nt ( tea*+ has be5 done 9 ! ar5a ( ^! lit]>y c\rses4 ,& x 0 no small "p ( ! g5]al revival ( /udies1 effect$ by ,ignatius ( ,loyola1 t ju/ice 0 done to lit]ature1 z well by /ud5ts :o 7 to ent] on philosophical or sci5tific c\rses1#aeg z by ^? :o contemplat$ emb>k+ on life 9 ! _w4 ,we notic$1 on a =m] occasion1 ! reason+ ( ,aquaviva ) respect to ?is policy4#aeh ,! lit]>y c\rses 9 "q are ^? ( ,gramm>1 ,humanities1 & ,rhetoric1 :i* fill f five to sev5 ye>s4 ,! ,fa!rs ( #aehf urge ! importance ( ^! /udies = ! ,engli% & ,g]man /ud5ts 9 ,rome1 z if special difficulties 7 exp]i5c$ ) !m4#aei ,if we inquire :at 7 ! results ( ! /r+5t regulations adopt$ to en=ce ?is policy1 & :at degree ( pr(ici5cy 0 atta9$ 9 ! ,jesuit c\rses ( ,belles-,lettres & eloqu5ce1 we h only to consult ! concordant te/imony ( hi/ory ^u ! h&some /yle & lit]>y f9i% ( ! s*ol>s4 ,an int]e/+ answ]1 f a dome/ic po9t ( view1 is casually af=d$ u by a rem>k1 :i* ! ,fa!rs ( ,upp] ,g]many make1 :5 9 #afjb !y s5d to ,aquaviva "s animadv]sions ( !irs ^u ! ,ratio4 ,!y say t /ud5ts 9 ! class ( ,rhetoric might deliv] _! own orations1 s9ce !re are g5]ally f\nd 9 t class1 p>ticul>ly among ^? ( ! second ye>1 "y m5 :o (t5 surpass ev5 _! own ,pr(essors 9 g5ius1 & 9 ! v>iety & flu5cy ( _! language4#afj ,! be>+ ( all ?is is obvi\s1 9 det]m9+ ! grade ( ^? /ud5ts :o ask = admission into ! ,ord]4 ,x is aft] a full gymnasium c\rse ( ?is k9d1 t ! life ( ! ,jesuit is to beg94 ,& ^! are ! /udies :i* he w h to possess aft] ! mann] ( a tea*]4 ,he w review !m z soon z 8 two ye>s ( novitiate are ov]4 ,^? ye>s ( novitiate are blank1 "u ! aspect ( secul> pursuits4 ,b1 9 o!r respects1 be+ a "t = reflection & = int]nal application to ! affairs ( 8 m9d & he>t1 !y are wor? a long season 9 ! process ( develop+ "*1 by habits ( assidu\s labor1 ( acquir+ a ta/e = retirem5t & virtue1 & practis+ ! _s ( docility to c\nsel4 ,inde$1 on issu+ f ?is p]iod ( int5se application to ! k ( self1 ! "y religi\s /ud5t is already />t$ on 8 c>e] ( kn[+ m51 & deal+ successfully ) human *>act]s4 ,h5ce=?1 ecclesia/ical k & o!r acquirem5ts w be prop] to 8 /ate1 z a ,religi\s2 b1 = ! special vocation ( ! ,society ( ,jesus1 he returns to secul> /udies4 ,9 view ( 8 approa*+ reg5cy1 or ,pr(essor%ip 9 ! curriculum ( lett]s1 ! critics ( #aehf give ?is advice3 ,x w\ld be mo/ pr(itable = ! s*ools1 if ^? :o are ab\t to be ,preceptors 7 privately tak5 9 h& by "s "o ( great exp]i5ce2 &1 = two mon?s or m1 7 practis$ by him 9 ! me?od ( read+1 tea*+1 correct+1 writ+1 & manag+ a class4 ,if tea*]s h n le>nt ^! ?+s be=eh&1 !y are =c$ to le>n !m aft]w>ds at ! exp5se ( _! s*ol>s2 & !n !y w acquire pr(ici5cy only :5 !y h already lo/ 9 reputation2 & p]*ance !y w nev] unle>n a bad habit4 ,sometimes1 su* a habit is nei!r v s]i\s nor incorrigible1 if tak5 at ! beg9n+2 b1 if ! habit is n correct$ !n1 x comes to pass t a man1 :o o!rwise w\ld h be5 mo/ useful1 becomes well-nigh useless4 ,!re is no describ+ h[ mu* amiss ,preceptors take x1 if !y are correct$1 :5 !y h already adopt$ a fix$ me?od ( tea*+2 & :at cont9ual disagreem5t ensues on t score ) ! ,prefects ( ,/udies4 ,to obviate ?is evil1 9 ! case ( our ,pr(essors1 let ! ,prefect 9 ! *ief ,college1 :5ce our ,pr(essors ( ,humanities & ,gramm> are usually tak51 rem9d ! ,rector & ,prov9cial1 ab\t ?ree mon?s be=e ! next s*ola/ic ye> beg9s1 t1 if ! ,prov9ce ne$s new ,pr(essors = ! foll[+ t]m1 !y %\ld select "s "o em95tly v]s$ 9 ! art ( manag+ classes1 :e!r he be1 at ! "t1 actually a ,pr(essor1 or a /ud5t ( ,!ology or ,philosophy2 & to him ! future ,ma/]s are to g daily = an h\r1 to be prep>$ by him = _! new m9i/ry1 giv+ prelections 9 turn1 writ+1 dictat+1 correct+1 & dis*>g+ ! o!r duties ( a good tea*]4#afa ,?is advice 0 9 keep+ ) an ord9ance ( ! second g5]al assembly1 held 9 #aefe1 n9e ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,ignatius4 ,x _h be5 resolv$1 t at lea/ "o p]fect ,sem9>y ( ! ,society %\ld be e/abli%$ 9 ea* ,prov9ce = ! =mation ( ,pr(essors & o!rs1 :o w\ld be compet5t workm5 9 ! v9ey>d ( ,*ri/1 9 ! dep>tm5t ( ,humane ,lett]s1 ,philosophy1 & ,!ology1 s z to suffice = ! ne$s ( ! :ole ,prov9ce4 ,?is 0 to be done z soon z conv5i5t 9 ea* ,prov9ce4 ,h5ce=w>d1 x became a matt] ( g5]al obs]vance t all %\ld h sp5t at lea/ two ye>s 9 ! s*ool ( eloqu5ce1 besides repeat+ gramm>1 if t 7 necess>y4#afb ,& if any are s gift$ z to promise great success 9 ^! pursuits1 x w be wor? :ile see+ :e!r !y %\ld n sp5d ?ree ye>s 9 !m1 to lay a m solid f\ndation4#afc ,to su* a solid f\ndation 9 ,humane ,lett]s corresponds a special privilege 9 ! cr[n+ ( a memb]'s =mation1 inasmu* z ! ,society admits to ,pr(ession "o :o is altoge!r em95t 9 lit]ature1 ev5 ?\gh 9 ,!ology he may n h surpass$ m$iocrity2 a privilege :i* 0 ext5d$ to great pr(ici5cy 9 ! ,indian & ,ori5tal languages1 z also to a m>k$ excell5ce 9 ,greek & ,hebrew4#afd ,exam9+ m 9 detail ?is lit]>y =mation1 we may take up ! programme = ! sem9>y ( ! junior memb]s1 z draft$ by ,j\vancy4 ,he drew x up 9 pursuance ( a decree to t effect1 pass$ a hundr$ ye>s lat]1 by ! g5]al assembly ( #afif4 ,?is decree requir$ t1 besides ! rules1 :]eby ! ,ma/]s ( ,lit]ature are direct$ 9 ! mann] ( tea*+1 !y %\ld be provid$ ) an ,in/ruction & ,me?od ( le>n+ prop]ly1 & s be guid$ 9 _! private /udies ev5 :ile !y are actually tea*+4#afe ,! me?od 9 "q is outl9$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ,j\vancy's little book1 entitl$ ,ratio ,disc5di et ,doc5di1 ,! art ( ,le>n+ & ( ,tea*+4 ,a cursory glance at ?is "p %[s t1 :ile address+ ,ma/]s on ! subject ( _! own private /udies1 8 directions be> *iefly ^u _! effici5cy z tea*]s4 ,j\vancy divides 8 subject into ?ree *apt]s3 fir/1 ! k & use ( languages2 secondly1 ! possession ( sci5ces2 ?irdly1 "s aids to /udy4 ,z to languages1 !y are ?ree 9 numb]3 ,greek1 ,lat91 & ! native tongue4 ,lay+ d[n "s pr9ciples on /yle 9 g5]al1 he says3 ,if a correct und]/&+1 accord+ to ,horace1 be ! fir/ pr9ciple & s\rce ( writ+ well1 x foll[s t /yle1 :i* is no?+ else ?an a c]ta9 mann] ( writ+1 has two p>ts2 fir/1 ! intellig5t ?\ght or s5tim5t1 prop]ly conceiv$2 secondly1 ! expression ( ! same2 s t1 z man himself is made up ( s\l & body1 all /yle likewise consi/s ( ! und]ly+ ?\ght & ! mann] ( its expression4 ,?\ght mu/ be true1 p]spicu\s1 & adapt$ to ! subject4 ,to ?9k truly or ju/ly ( ?+s1 !re is requir$ m5tal p[] & insight1 :i* di/+ui%es :at is really ! gi/ ( a subject-matt] f :at is only a deceptive appe>ance1 or is sup]ficial4 ,assi/ance is to be _h = all ?is f ! read+ ( good books1 f accurate reflection & protract$ ?\ght1 :i* does n m]ely skim ov] ! subject1 or t\* x 9 a desultory way2 aga91 f ! analysis ( p>ts1 causes1 adjuncts2 f9ally1 f ! prud5t judgm5t ( o!rs1 or :at is call$ criticism4 ,z to ! ways ( acquir+ prop] diction1 ,j\vancy says3 ,i w\ld h y avail y\rself ( books :i* treat ( ?is matt]1 n s z to imag9e all is done by ?umb+ !m2 y w ga9 mu* m by ! pl5tiful read+ ( ! be/ writ]s2 & aga91 'abundance ( diction1' copia v]borum1 w be easily acquir$ by read+ mu*4 ,x is by read+1 writ+1 & imitat+ ! be/ au?ors t a good /yle is =m$2 & only ! be/ au?ors are to be read1 le/ ! odor ( a =eign & vici\s /yle cl+ to ! m9d1 z to new vases4 ,com+ to treat ( "o's native tongue1 ,j\vancy lays d[n ^! po9ts3 ,! /udy ( ! v]nacul> consi/s *iefly 9 ?ree ?+s4 ,fir/1 s9ce ! ,lat9 au?ors are expla9$ to ! boys1 & are r5d]$ into ! "m-tongue1 ! v]sion s made %\ld be z elegant z possible4 ,:]e=e1 let ! ma/] elaborate 8 v]sion = himself1 or1 if he draws on any writ] 9 ! v]nacul>1 let him comp>e fir/ ! ,lat9 text ) ! v]sion be=e him2 ?us he w f9d x easy to p]ceive :at is peculi> to ei!r tongue1 & :at is ! respective =ce & beauty ( ea*4 ,! same me?od is to be obs]v$ 9 expla9+ & translat+ hi/ories 9 ! l[] classes4 ,secondly1 all ! drafts ( compositions1 :i* are dictat$ 9 ! v]nacul>1 mu/ be 9 accord ) ! mo/ exact rules ( ! "m-tongue1 free f e defect ( /yle4 ,?irdly1 x w be ( use to br+ up & discuss1 f "t to "t1 :atev] has be5 notic$ 9 ! c\rse ( "o's read+1 & :atev] o!rs h obs]v$ reg>d+ ! vici\s & excell5t qualities ( spee*4 ,! y\ng] ,ma/] %\ld be on 8 gu>d aga9/ indulg+ too mu* 9 ! read+ ( v]nacul> au?ors1 especially ! poets1 to ! loss ( "t1 & p]haps to ! prejudice ( virtue4 ,! int]e/ "h manife/$ 9 ! vici\s & excell5t qualities ( ! "m-tongue 0 a contribution ( ! s*ools to ! developm5t ( mod]n languages4 ,nor 0 ! sev]ity1 :i* is "h prescrib$1 ) ref]5ce to ! use ( poetry1 a b>ri] to ! =mation ( "s good poets among ! ,jesuits !mselves4 ,fri$ri* von ,spee is consid]$ a di/+ui%$ lyric poet ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,d5is1 z ! translator ( ,ossian into ,g]man1 help$ to inaugurate ! lat] p]iod ( ,g]man lit]ature4 ,9 ,italian prose1 ,b>toli1 ,segn]i1 ,pallavic9i1 h rank$ z classics2 ,tirabos*i1 z ! hi/orian ( lit]ature2 ,bresciani1 9 our days1 z ! popul> noveli/4 ,z writ]s ( ,fr5* prose1 ,b\rdal\e & ,b\h\rs app]ta9 to ! *oice/ circle ( ,l\is ,,xiv's gold5 age2 ,du ,cygne1 ,brumoy1 ,t\rnem9e1 besides o!rs already m5tion$ 9 ^! pages1 took _! place z lit]>y critics4 ,&1 9 _! sev]al national lit]atures1 ,cah\rs1 ,m>t91 ,g>ucci1 h atta9$ _! lit]>y em95ce z art-critics4 ,rev]t+ to solidity ( ?\ght z ! basis ( /yle1 ,j\vancy elim9ates ! false ornam5ts ( a subtle & abrupt /yle1 by r$uc+ ! conceptions to a dialectical analysis3 ,:at does ! ?+ mean8 ,& he gives examples4 ,9 ! second *apt] ( ! same "p1 ! ,ars ,disc5di1 he comes to ! acquisition ( ^? sci5ces1 :i* are prop] to a ,ma/] ( ,lit]ature4 ,he says3 ,! erudition ( a religi\s ma/] is n conf9$ to m]e comm& ( languages1 :]e( we h spok5 h]et(ore2 x mu/ rise high] to ! und]/&+ ( "s sci5ces1 :i* x is usual to imp>t to y\?4 ,su* are ,rhetoric1 ,poetry1 ,hi/ory1 ,*ronology1 ,geography1 & ,philology or ,polyma?y1 :i* la/ is n s mu* a s+le sci5ce z a s]ies ( erudite atta9m5ts1 :]e( an accompli%$ p]son %\ld at lea/ h ta/$4 ,hi/ory he divides into ,sacr$1 ,univ]sal1 & ,p>ticul>4 ,z to ! hi/ories ( p>ticul> nations1 writ]s ( ! respective nationalities record !m2 & if y d n add ,*ronology to ,hi/ory1 y take out "o ( ,hi/ory's eyes4 ,= ,geography1 he designates ! books & maps :i* 7 !n to be _h4 ,&1 = all ! bran*es1 he indicates /&>d au?ors4 ,n[1 9 ?is little rhetorical sket* ( ,j\vancy's1 we may take note ( two features1 "o p$agogical1 ! o!r hi/orical4 ,! di/9ctively p$agogical ca/ is put ^u ^! private /udies1 9 z mu* z !y are magi/]ial1 be+ pursu$ ) express ref]5ce to ! ,ma/]'s *air4 ,! hi/orical feature1 to be not$ "h1 is common to ! ,jesuit educational lit]ature 9 g5]al2 :i*1 9 its _m dep>tm5ts1 m>k$ sev]al epo*s &1 z a :ole1 made an era 9 education4 ,?us1 at ! "t ( ! ,ratio ,/udiorum1 !re 7 inde$ sev]al guides ( ! v fir/ rank1 9 ! pa? ( a lit]>y =mation4 ,!y 7 ?ree 9 numb]1 ,cic]o1 ,qu9tilian1 & ,ari/otle4 ,f ^! ! ,pr(essor ( ,rhetoric _h to d]ive 8 matt] & make cle> 8 me?od4 ,! ,ratio names !m z 8 text-books = ! ,precepts4#aff ,f ^! s\rces ! lit]>y activity & exp]i5ce ( _m g5]ations ( ,pr(essors1 9 sev]al hundr$ colleges ( ! ,ord]1 t5d$ to m>k out ! be/ l9e to foll[1 = ! atta9m5t ( lit]>y p]fection4 ,! lit]>y c\rse1 9 :i* !y !mselves 7 proximately =m$ = ! duties ( tea*+1 s]v$ b to organize ! matt]1 & to dige/ x4 ,! numb]less p$agogical text-books1 issu$ be=e ,j\vancy1 & aft] him1 exhibit ! progress ( ! movem5t dur+ ! sev]al c5turies4 ,&1 at pres5t1 ! sy/em may be se5 9 its mo/ develop$ =m1 if "o consults ! newe/ guides1 l ,fa!r ,kleutg5's ,ars ,dic5di1 or ,fa!r ,broecka]t's ,le ,guide du ,jeune ,littrateur4 ,b1 long be=e our day1 ! mo/ ord9>y sy/ems ( lit]>y in/ruction h embodi$ ! me?od2 & ! commone/ text-books h x4 ,a simil> epo* 0 made1 z e>ly z #aegb1 by ! ,gramm> ( ,fa!r ,emmanuel ,alv>ez1 ,de ,in/itutione ,grammatica ,libri ,tres1 a "w adopt$ by ! ,ratio1 !n republi%$ 9 editions s num]\s z to baffle all calculation1 translat$ ei!r entire1 or 9 "p1 into ?irte5 languages2 :ile "o portion1 well-kn[n 9 our times z a ,lat9 ,prosody1 is cr$it$ to div]s au?ors or publi%]s4#afg ,! late/ editions ( ?is ,gramm>1 issu$ 9 diff]5t languages1 are ( ! la/ tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,?is era ( developm5t 9 gramm> sup]s$$ ! subtleties & metaphysical ab/ractions ( m$ival me?ods4#afh ,9 hi/ory1 n to m5tion ! volum9\s ,james ,sirmond1 ^: rese>*es among orig9al s\rces 7 made be=e ! sixte5? c5tury _h clos$1 ,fa!r ,d5is ,petau 7,petavius71 e>ly 9 ! foll[+ c5tury1 compos$ 8 great "w on ,*ronology1 lay+ d[n ! exact basis 9 ?is respect = ,univ]sal ,hi/ory1 bo? sacr$ & pr(ane4#afi ,g5eva & ,holl& alike reproduc$ ! "w4 ,labbe's publications on anci5t & mod]n ,hi/ory & ,*ronology1 ! great] "p ( 8 eighty works be+ ^u ^! subjects1 ) sev]al abridgm5ts & geographical adjuncts2 ,fa!r ,buffi]'s ,practical ,hi/ory1 :i* 0 publi%$ = ! s*ools 9 #agja1 & !n rapidly w5t ?r\gh div]s editions1 to be supplem5t$ 9 #agae by 8 ,univ]sal ,geography1 8 treatise on ! ,globe & 8 ,maps1 all ( :i* w5t ?r\gh "s scores ( ,fr5*1 ,italian & ,dut* editions2 ^! & o!r works ( ! k9d indicate ! l9e ( p$agogical developm5t go+ on at ! same "t 9 ! v>i\s colleges4 ,h5ce1 ! ,new ,elem5ts ( ,hi/ory & ,geography = ! use ( ! ,s*ol>s ( ! ,collge ,l\is-le-,gr&1 :i* 0 an abridgm5t ( ,buffi]'s book1 c\ld say1 ) "s propriety1 on its fir/ page3 ,h[ great has be5 ! c>elessness ( an age1 o!rwise s judici\s & cultivat$ z ours1 9 n hav+ z yet made ! sci5ce ( ,hi/ory & ,geography an ess5tial "p ( ! education ( y\?8 ,! public & po/]ity w p]haps be grateful to ! ,college ( ,l\is-le-,gr&1 = hav+ %[n 9 ?is reg>d an example1 :i* ought to d honor to our "t4#agj ,?us ! same res\rces 7 at ! s]vice ( ,jesuit education z1 9 ! g5]al lit]>y _w1 help$ to =m ! ,jesuit hi/orians3 ,m>iana1 hi/orian ( ,spa92 ,damian ,/rada1 ( ! ,w> 9 ! ,ne!rl&s2 ,balb91 ( ,bohemia2 ,n>uszewicz1 ( ,pol&2 ,katona1 ( ! ,k+s ( ,hung>y2 ,damb]g]1 ( ! ,middle ,ages2 ,francis ,wagn]1 ( ,leopold ,i2 ,g4 ,daniel1 hi/oriograph] royal ( ,france4 ,geography is n to be sep>at$ f ,hi/ory4 ,up to ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ,ptolemy's ,geography1 correct$1 modifi$1 alt]$1 accord+ to ! reports ( navigators1 _h be5 ! sci5tific /&>d1 b unc]ta91 vacillat+1 & self-contradictory4 ,f ! e>li] "p ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ! a/ronomical obs]vations1 s5t f ! f> ,ea/ by ! ,jesuit mission>ies1 emphasiz$ ! ne$ ( a g5]al re=m1 already suffici5tly evid5t4 ,fa!r ,riccioli1 assi/$ by ,fa!r ,grimaldi1 :o is kn[n 9 sci5ce z "o ( ! precursors ( ,newton1 und]took1 9 8 ,geographia ,re=mata1 ! re=m ( ,geography by means ( ,a/ronomy4#aga ,= ?is purpose1 he creat$ fir/ 8 own metrology1 id5tify+1 & r$uc+ to a common d5om9ation1 all ! measures receiv$ 9 reports f diff]5t p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,! fir/ eclipse ( ! moon :i* he makes m5tion (1 among 8 a/ronomical reports1 _h be5 obs]v$ on ! night ( ,novemb] #h1 #afab1 by ,fa!r ,s*e9] at ,+ol/adt & by ,fa!r ,*>les ,sp9ola at ,nangasaki 9 ,japan4 ,at ! "t t ,riccioli 0 writ+1 ! ,jesuit mission>ies _h multipli$ 9 ,*9a4 ,adam ,s*all di$ 9 #afff1 hold+ ! po/ ( ,presid5t ( ! ,ma!matical ,tribunal at ,pek92 he 0 foll[$ by ,f]d9& ,v]bie/2 & !n a long l9e ( imp]ial a/ronom]s ( ! ,cele/ial ,empire1 ,koegl]1 ,hall]/e91 ,seixas1 ,francesco1 ,de ,ro*a1 ,esp9ha1 cont9u$ to s5d _! reports1 ei!r to ! colleges ( _! respective ,prov9ces1 or to o!r ma!matical c5tres1 or to ! le>n$ societies 9 ,europe1 :]e( n a few ,jesuits 7 memb]s4 ,mean:ile1 sci5tific returns f ,h9du/an1 ,siam1 ,?ibet1 on "o side ( ! globe1 & f ,san ,dom+o on ! o!r side1 p\r$ into ! ,collge ,l\is-le-,gr&1 & made ( ?is educational c5tre an indisp5sable auxili>y to ! ,bureau ( ,longitudes4 ,all ?is1 react+ on education1 0 receiv$ ) satisfaction by ! g5]al _w1 & drew ! p$agogic bodies /eadily1 ?\gh ) "s difficulty1 on ! l9e ( progress4 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is 0 q t>dy 9 foll[+ up ! /eps ( ! ,jesuits4#agb ,z to ,ma!matics 9 education1 x is evid5t t a simil> process ( developm5t mu/ h be5 ! hi/ory ( ?is bran*1 ) ! limitation h[ev]1 t ma!matical sci5ce has n be5 s ne>ly creat$ anew )9 ^! la/ c5turies1 z "s o!r dep>tm5ts4 ,fa!r ,*ri/oph] ,clavius1 ! ,euclid ( 8 "t1 0 engag$ by ,gregory ,,xiii 9 re=m+ ! ,cal5d>1 ! same :i* we use to-day2 he di$ 9 #afab4 ,8 dea? int]v5+1 :ile 8 complete works 7 be+ republi%$1 ,fa!r ,ziegl] sup]9t5d$ ! new edition1 till x 0 f9i%$ 9 five tomes4 ,francis ,co/]1 at ,cologne1 ,hurtado ,p]ez1 at ,+ol/adt1 ,h5ry ,g>net1 an ,engli%man1 & ,gri5b]g]1 successor ( ,clavius1 bo? at ,rome1 belong$1 ) o!r ma!maticans ( ! ,ord]1 to ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! writ]s ( ! prelim9>y ,ratio1 #aehf1 require t1 9 a brief c\rse ( ,ma!matics1 ,euclid's ,elem5ts be season$ always ) "s application to ,geography or ! ,sph]e2 !n1 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 ! re/ ( ,fa!r ,clavius' ,epitome ( ,practical ,ari?metic#agc is to be f9i%$2#agd & special c\rses are provid$ = memb]s ( ! ,ord]1 :o give promise ( em95ce4#age ,inde$1 :e!r z ,pr(essors ( (fic]s = ! army & navy1 or z con/ruct+ & direct+ obs]vatories1 ! memb]s pursu$ e bran* ( ,ma!matics1 pure & appli$4 ,fa!r ,l',ho/e's ,treatise on ,naval ,evolutions 0 us$ 9 ! ,fr5* navy1 z ! ,book ( ! ,jesuit4#agf ,( ?is book ! ,c\nt de ,mai/re writes qua9tly 9 #ahbj3 ,an ,engli% ,admiral assur$ me less ?an t5 ye>s ago1 t he _h receiv$ 8 fir/ in/ructions 9 ! ',book ( ! ,jesuit4' ,if ev5ts are tak5 = results1 !re is n a bett] book 9 ! _w6#agg ,exim5o1 at ! s*ool ( ,segovia1 in/ruct$ "y nobles 9 ,ma!matics & ! sci5ce ( ,artill]y4 ,& s1 9 g5]al1 c\rses 7 provid$1 accord+ z ! ne$s ( respective localities requir$4 ,! ,republic ( ,v5ice /ruck a gold m$al 9 honor ( ,v9c5t ,riccolati1 ! ,jesuit eng9e]1 j z ! ,k+ ( ,d5m>k honors ,de ,vico1 ! a/ronom]1 ) a gold m$al /ruck 9 8 honor1 & hav+ ! words inscrib$1 ,comet ,se51 ,jan4 #bd1 #ahdf4agh ,kir*]1 ,boscovi*1 ,pianciani1 ,sec*i1 ,p]ry1 honor$ ) ! fell[%ip ( s _m le>n$ & sci5tific ,academies1 & ex]cis+ a di/9ct influ5ce to-day1 ei!r by ! f>-rea*+ effects ( _! rese>*es1 or by _! actual contact ) sci5ce1 may be look$ ^u z belong+ to our mo/ rec5t times4#agi ,x is rem>k$ t to ! ,ord] 0 due ! multiplication ( obs]vatories1 9 ! middle ( la/ c5tury4 ,fa!r ,hub]ti sup]9t5d$ ! build+ ( an obs]vatory at ,wrzburg2 ,fa!r ,maximilian ,hell1 ! c\rt a/ronom]1 built "o at ,vi5na4 ,at ,manheim1 a ?ird 0 erect$ by ,may] & ,metzg]2 at ,tyrnau1 "o by ,k]i2 at ,prague1 ano!r by ,/eppl+2 "o at ! ,jesuit ,college ( ,gratz2 simil>ly at ,wilna1 ,milan1 ,flor5ce1 ,p>ma1 ,v5ice1 ,brescia1 ,rome1 ,lisbon1 ,m>seilles1 ,bonfa4 ,9 %ort1 ,montucla rem>ks3 ,9 ,g]many & ! neighbor+ c\ntries1 !re 7 few ,jesuit colleges )\t an obs]vatory4 ,!y 7 to be f\nd at ,+ol/adt1 ,gratz1 ,breslau1 ,olmtz1 ,prague1 ,pos51 etc4 ,mo/ ( !m seem to h %>$ ! fate ( ! ,society2 ?\gh !re are a few :i* survive ! g5]al de/ruction4#ahj ,^! few indications g to illu/rate ! p$agogical epo*s made by ! sy/em ( ! ,ord]4 ,& ! "y memb]1 :o is be+ =m$ to contribute 8 own %>e t[>ds c>ry+ on ! education ( ! _w1 passes all ^! bran*es "u review4 ,"o ( !m1 ,ma!matics1 is conduct$ outside ( ! philological sem9>y1 :i* we h s f> be5 consid]+2 x is left = 8 c\rse ( ,philosophy1 :i* he w pursue dur+ ?ree ye>s1 be=e actually emb>k+ on ! life ( ! class-room1 or 8 reg5cy4 ,we may n[ suppose t ! "t has arriv$ = 8 ent]+ ! class-room1 z a ,ma/] ( ,gramm> & ,elem5t>y ,lit]ature4 ,:5 he does s1 he has possess$ himself1 9 t philosophical tri5nium1 ( positive intellectual atta9m5ts1 nei!r meagre nor common4 ,he has survey$ ! :ole field ( natural ?\ght & inve/igation1 9 ! v>i\s bran*es1 m5tal1 physical1 & e?ical4 ,to enum]ate !m1 !re is ,logic1 includ+ dialectics1 & ! crit]ia1 objective & subjective1 ( tru?2 ,ontology1 or g5]al metaphysics2 ,special ,metaphysics1 9 its ?ree divisions3--,cosmology1 :i* imm$iately und]lies physics1 *emi/ry1 & biology2 ,psy*ology1 :i* und]lies all ! an?ropological sci5ces ab\t ! human comp\nd1 its pr9ciples1 & ! =mation ( its ideas2 ,natural ,!ology4 ,all ?is is !oretic or speculative philosophy4 ,!re is besides ! sci5ce ( moral life1 :i* comprises ,e?ics1 ,natural ,"r1 & ,social ,"r4 ,concurr5t ) ,philosophy1 !re has be5 a d\ble c\rse ( ,physics & ,*emi/ry1 dur+ "o ye>1 ) a c\rse ( high] ,ma!matics1 v>y+ f "o ye> to ?ree2 z well z a half-ye>'s c\rse ( ,geology1 ,a/ronomy1 & "s o!r subsidi>y matt]s4 ,?is is ! g5]al =mation4 ,! pr9ciple :i* guides individual cases 0 laid d[n by ,ignatius 9 ^! t]ms3 ,9 ! sup]ior faculties1 on acc\nt ( ! great inequality ( tal5ts & age & o!r consid]ations1 ! ,rector ( ! ,univ]sity w consid] h[ mu* 9 ea* l9e individuals %all le>n1 & h[ long !y %all /ay 9 ! c\rses2 al?\gh x is bett] = ^? :o are ( ! prop] age1 & :o h ! requisite facility 9 po9t ( tal5t1 t !y %\ld endeavor to advance & become conspicu\s 9 all4#aha ,dur+ all ?is c\rse ( high] natural sci5ces1 "s att5tion has /ill be5 paid to accessories2 lit]ature has n be5 entirely neglect$2 oratory has be5 practis$1 & poems pres5t$ on /at$ occasions4 ,& !n ! new ,ma/] is introduc$ into 8 c\rse ( reg5cy4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,y\?ful ,,ma/]s4 ,:5 ,ignatius ( ,loyola 0 gov]n+ ! ,society1 ! multiplicity ( affairs :i* he _h to adm9i/]1 & ! absorption ( m9d :i* !y dem&$1 did n prev5t him f devot+ to e m9ute elem5t ! att5tion :i* x specially invit$4 ,h5ce he requir$ ! "y ,s*ola/ics1 :o 7 review+ _! lit]>y /udies at ,val5cia1 to s5d him _! orations & a poem4 ,s1 too1 ) ! ,ma/]s ( ! l[] classes at ,mess9a1 9 ,sicily4 ,?is college _h op5$ ) ! high] c\rses ( lett]s2 b ! v next ye> su* num]\s ?rongs ( y\ng] boys came ask+ = admission1 t ! sy/em1 begun ) ,rhetoric & ,humanities1 0 c>ri$ d[n to meet _! ne$s2 & ! entire c\rse 0 di/ribut$ into five grades4 ,ignatius requir$ ! tea*]s ( ^! l[] grades1 no less ?an ^? ( ! high]1 to write ea* week1 & s5d him an acc\nt ( ! affairs ( 8 class4#ahb ,x is inde$ an ev5tful mom5t1 :5 a man becomes a tea*] ( o!rs4 ,!y may be boys4 ,b1 :e!r !y are boys m]ely blossom+ into life1 or y\?s on ! v]ge ( manhood1 ! tea*] ( !m has to be a tea*] ( m52 & p]haps m s ) ! boy ?an ) ! man1 inasmu* z 8 control ( ! y\ng] /ud5t has to be s mu* ! m complete4 ,x is n m]ely su* a control z w address ! intellects ( m5 mature1 ^: *>act]s are already f> advanc$ 9 ! way ( =mation1 or are p]haps fix$ = life2 b x mu/ be su* z w =m a :ole human nature1 :i* is /ill pliable & docile4 ,z an almo/ univ]sal rule1 ! ,jesuit ,s*ola/ic1 aft] 8 c\rse ( ,philosophy1 takes 8 place 9 a college to tea* ,gramm> or ,lit]ature4 ,if x be ask$1 :y %\ld ?is be an almo/ univ]sal rule1 sev]al reasons are at h&4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! c&idate = admission into ! ,ord] has be5 accept$ ) special ref]5ce to ?is "w4 ,if ?is ref]5ce 0 expressly ov]look$1 ! c&idate s admitt$ is 9 an exceptional category4 ,9 ! second place1 ! :ole t5or ( :at has to be said 9 ! pres5t *apt] w %[ ! p$agogical policy 9 ! arrangem5t4 ,b1 9 ! ?ird place1 n to pass ov] too summ>ily "o special fitness1 ,i w say a few words ^u x at once4 ,! mann] ( tea*+ ! "y is oral & tutorial4 ,all ?r\gh ! ,jesuit ,sy/em ! mann] foll[$ is oral3 9 ! exam9ations ( ! l[] classes1 :]e writ+ is admitt$1 x is only z a specim5 ( /yle & composition t writ+ ent]s ! exam9ation ex]cises4 ,) ! y\ng] /ud5ts1 ! mann] ( tea*+ is oral 9 its mo/ specific s5se4 ,x is n t g5]ic quality :i* w suit z well ! lectur] or ! public speak]4 ,b x is ! tutorial mann]1 :i* includes a fund ( sympa?y1 ( t tact :i* supposes sympa?y1 ( su* a sup]iority1 bo? moral & intellectual1 z kn[s h[ to /oop1 & elevate ! boy by /oop+1 & does x all naturally1 in/9ctively1 gracefully4 ,9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( human affairs1 ?is magnetic p[] ( ! tea*] is m int5se1 accord+ z 9 ye>s he is ne>] to ! subject on :om 8 asc5dancy plays1 & by :om x is spontane\sly admitt$4 ,i mean t ine/imable & preci\s subject1 ! m9d & he>t ( ! impressionable boy1 :o is ab\t to develop into manhood1 fir/ "y1 & !n mature4 ,! y\?ful subject is ri*1 ?\gh n 9 positive acquisitions already made its own2 =1 9 ?is respect1 x may r be consid]$ p>um fructuosa1 z ,sac*9i says2 t is1 be>+ little fruit z yet1 ei!r ( judgm5t or positive acquirem5ts4 ,b x is ri* 9 its promise1 z x /ruggles upw>d into ! sun%9e ( v>i$ & beautiful tru?4 ,?is is ! fact :i* imposes ^u lib]al education ! duty ( omitt+ no?+ t is ei!r beautiful or poli%$1 9 imag9ation1 ?\ght1 or /yle4 ,x ju/ifies ,belles ,lettres & ! mo/ f9i%$ c\rse ( ,lit]ature1 z be+ ! *os5 g>d5 ( fl[]s & fruit1 to ent]ta9 )al1 ri*ly & exquisitely1 ! y\?ful promise ( m9d1 s5tim5t1 & he>t4 ,or1 inv]t+ ! figure1 if we lik5 ! m9d itself 9 y\? to ! *oice & prolific soil ( a g>d51 we may note t1 to till su* soil1 !re is ne$ ( a g>d5] :o has a delicate h& & a light t\*4 ,he mu/ n be a lectur] :o /&s (f1 nor a speak] :o declaims1 nor a text-book mong] :o reads1 & he>s recitations ( :at a book says2 nor is he to dole out me?ods & analyses to an inquisitive s5se & emotional fancy1 :i*1 9 ! y\?ful s\l1 are ! tempor>y ve/ure ( an unfold+ intellect2 ev51 z 9 nature ar\nd1 ?+s tangible & palpable are bur/+1 to ! boy's inquisitive eyes1 ) ! great intellectual tru?s :i* !y conta94 ,analyses1 text-books1 lectures are n ! p[]s ) ! "y m9d4 ,b1 (t5 en\gh1 we see :]e ! real p[] lies2 :5 "y m51 sc>cely z yet approa*+ ! prime ( life1 ex]cise ov] impressionable & brilliant y\?s1 n mu* b5ea? !mselves 9 age1 su* a p]sonal influ5ce z bids fair to rank !m among ! great] =ces ( human nature--=ces :i* are great 9 lead+1 because !y "k s well h[ to foll[4 ,t o!r =m ( asc5dancy1 m purely intellectual1 & orig9at+ 9 wide le>n+ & maturity ( s*ol>%ip1 belongs to ! ,univ]sity ,pr(essor ( a lat] /age ( life4 ,h5ce x appe>s t y\?fulness 9 ! ,ma/] is an advantage = ! tutorial tea*+ ( ! "y4 ,! critics :o drew up ! prelim9>y ,ratio 9 #aehf 7 ( op9ion t ! ,ma/]s 9 ! lit]>y c\rses %\ld be assign$ to _! "w1 n aft] _! c\rse ( ,philosophy1 b be=e4#ahc ,!y w\ld except f ?is arrangem5t only ! ,pr(essor ( ,rhetoric2 p]haps1 also1 9 ! *ief colleges1 ! ,pr(essor ( ,humanity or ,poetry2 besides1 ( c\rse1 ^? ^: age or deportm5t %[s t !y are too "y to become ,ma/]s z yet1 or too f> advanc$ 9 ye>s to be kept back f _! ,philosophy4 ,9 support ( ?is view1 !y urge sev]al reasons1 :i* d n mu* conc]n u "h2 z1 = in/ance1 t1 if "y m5 h once ta/$ ( ! subtleties ( ! philosoph]s1 !y c h>dly br+ !mselves to take pleasure any m 9 ! insipid subject-matt] ( ,gramm>2 !y w pore ov] philosophical lore2 !y w bran* (f1 dur+ class1 into philosophical digressions1 :i* may s]ve = %[1 b n = utility4 ,! critics also express a fe> t ^! philosoph]s w br+ into ! s*ool-room a /yle ( language infect$ ) philosophical t]ms2 & !y quote ! em95t ,jesuit1 ,annibal ,codret1 to ! effect t1 if ,philosophy has be5 ta/$ be=eh&1 no?+ brilliant 9 lit]>y /yle c subsequ5tly be gu>ante$4 ,b1 ^! argum5ts not)/&+1 ! ,society1 :5 x came to sanction a f9al arrangem5t1 9 ! legislative docum5t ( #aeii1 seems to h ent]ta9$ a high] idea ( ! y\ng] memb]s1 & ( _! ability & resolution to %ake (f any delet]i\s effects ( s*ola/ic ,lat91 :5 !y advanc$ to ! *air ( pure/ ,lat9ity4 ,h5ce ! legislation orda9s t ,philosophy is to be /udi$ be=e und]tak+ to tea* ,lett]s4#ahd ,!re are sev]al reasons1 h[ev]1 :i*1 z urg$ by ^! critics1 are q relevant to our pres5t topic4 ,!y urge t ,gramm> /udies require a c]ta9 f]vor1 or alacrity1 :i* is r to be f\nd 9 p]sons :o are y\ng]1 & s f> are ne>] to ! ?\ghts & s5tim5ts ( boyhood4 ,! full] results ( education1 9 ?is respect1 are n to be _h f !m :5 old]4 ,if au?ority or exp]i5ce is felt to be want+1 x c readily be supplem5t$ by ! ,prefect ( ,/udies1 :o is con/antly 9 att5dance on ! classes ( ,gramm>2 & 8 direction f9ds a suffici5t response 9 ! tea*]'s aptitude & docility4 ,inde$1 docility to c\nsel is s indisp5sable a requisite1 on ! "p ( "y tea*]s1 t ! ,g5]al ,mutius ,vitelles*i obs]ves3 ,if !y 7 to %[ !mselves impati5t ( correction1 & 7 to refuse ! necess>y aids = becom+ effici5t1 !y %\ld on all acc\nts be remov$ f tea*+1 ev5 if !y _h fill$ only half a ye>2 s9ce x is m j & exp$i5t t "o suff] %ame1 ?an t _m be injur$4#ahe ,unless s+ul> tal5ts1 or ! b>e =ce ( circum/ance1 recomm5d ano!r c\rse ( action1 x is n desirable t new tea*]s %\ld at once become ,ma/]s ( ! high] class ( ,gramm> or ( ,humanity1 ?\gh o!rwise n unfit = ^! grades4 ,on all acc\nts1 say ! critics1 ! rule %\ld be t !y />t ) ! l[e/ classes1 & !n1 ye> aft] ye>1 advance to ! next high] grade1 ) ! be/ "p ( _! s*ol>s4 ,a c]ta9 crud5ess & inexp]i5ce :i*1 at ! beg9n+1 are unavoidable 9 _! managem5t1 w cause1 z long z x la/s1 n s mu* evil ) ! y\ng] z ) ! old] /ud5ts4 ,inexp]i5ce we>s away ) practice4 ,!n aga91 if ! ,ma/]s g up ea* ye>1 & ! s*ol>s g ) !m1 ! same /ud5ts are v mu* ) ! same tea*]s4 ,! "y p h n to pass s (t5 f "o k9d ( managem5t to ano!r4 ,frequ5t *ange entails a wa/e ( "t1 until ea* p>ty comes to "k ! o!r1 & und]/& 8 own z well z ! o!r's "p4#ahf ,9 #aehc1 ,fa!r ,oliv] ,man>e1 visit+ ! ,g]man ,prov9ces by ! ,g5]al's au?ority1 _h notic$ ?is po9t1 9 8 ord9ance = ! managem5t ( convictus1 or bo>d+ colleges2 t frequ5t *anges 7 burd5some to ! /ud5ts !mselves1 because !y 7 =c$ to accommodate !mselves (t5 to new tea*]s or prefects4#ahg ,9 ! same s5se1 ^! critics1 :om we are foll[+1 consid] x undesirable t a ,ma/] %\ld resign 8 po/ 9 less ?an ?ree ye>s4 ,frequ5t & manifold *anges provoke compla9ts on ! "p ( ! outside _w4 ,besides1 ! ,ma/]'s own ef=ts at acquir+ p]fection 9 ! magi/]ial art w be cut %ort4 ,:5 !re is no prospective p]man5cy 9 a position1 ! m9d is n s s]i\sly appli$ to ! "w 9 h&4#ahh ,9 all ?is1 a mo/ important "q reg>d+ boys is be+ fac$ by ^! critics2 & a def9ite practical solution is adopt$4 ,! "q is1 :i* ( ! two alt]natives to adopt1 :e!r to submit boys to "o p]son's dom9ant influ5ce1 or to pass !m on ?r\gh ! h&s ( div]s exp]i5c$ & p]man5t ,pr(essors1 /ation$ respectively 9 ! diff]5t grades4 ,?is latt] alt]native1 if x is und]/ood to mean t "o ,pr(essor rema9s p]petually 9 "o grade1 & ano!r 9 ano!r1 sc>cely seems to m]it consid]ation ) !m1 except z reg>ds ! two highe/ lit]>y classes1--( ,poetry & ,rhetoric1--:]e ! requirem5ts ( erudition are s consid]able z to ne$ a l5g!n$ t]m ( ye>s = fill+ ! *airs wor?ily4 ,b1 if ! alt]native reg>d+ p]man5t ,pr(essors means t ! same tea*]s rema9 con/antly )9 ! limits ( ! same curriculum1 !n ! "q seems to be ! "o :i* ! critics ( ! prelim9>y ,ratio argue ab\t 9 bo? s5ses1 = & aga9/2 & !y f9ally arrive at a solution1 or r a compromise4#ahi ,! sev]e/ ?+ !y say aga9/ ! plan is 9 ?is wise1 :5 speak+ directly ( ! two highe/ grades3 ,p]petuity ( t k9d may give occasion to m]e idl5ess & indiff]5ce2 = aft] acquir+1 9 ! fir/ ye>s1 "s e/eem & "n = _! le>n+ 79 ,poetry or ,rhetoric71 ,ma/]s pref] to enjoy ! fruit & "n ( ! labor already und]gone1 h[ev] mod]ate t 01 r ?an we> !mselves out ) new labors4 ,h5ce !y make no new acquisitions 9 ! le>n+ & accompli%m5ts prop] to _! bran*2 !y get root$ 9 v mu* ! same spot1 & tea* :at !y h taught be=e ov] & ov] aga91 ?\gh ) "s v>iations4 ,:at is worse1 z if !y 7 q worn out ) _! prolong$ ex]tions1 !y say t !y _c any long] /& all ! labor ( ex]cis+ _! /ud5ts2 :5ce ev]y?+ freezes1 & !y ask = an assi/ant1 :o1 if he is unle>n$1 does m h>m ?an good2 if le>n$1 !n :y are two do+ ! "w ( "o8 ,! solution :i* !y arrive at is a compromise1 :i* recognizes peculi> advantages 9 bo? arrangem5ts4 ,x is embodi$ 9 sev]al rules ( ! ,ratio ,/udiorum4#aij ,z _m p]petual ,pr(essors z possible1 = ,gramm> & ,rhetoric1 are to be provid$2 & "s c&idates = admission to ! ,ord]1 :o seem qualifi$ = ?is field ( "w1 ?\gh app>5tly n likely to succe$ 9 ! high] /udies ( ! ,society1 may be admitt$ on ?is condition1 t !y devote !mselves 9 p]petuity to ?is "w ( zeal4 ,?us su* exig5cies are provid$ = z po/ulate a p]petuity ( pr(essor%ip )9 ! same limit$ curriculum4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! normal process is t :i* arranges a con/ant succession ( tea*]s 9 ! college1 b n a con/ant *ange ) ! same boys4 ,! same boys g h& 9 h& ) ! "o ,ma/]1 ) :om !y h mo/ to d4 ,& no "o is to take *>ge ( !m1 h[ev] transi5tly1 says ! ,g5]al ,vitelles*i1 :e!r on acc\nt ( fewness ( numb]s1 or m]ely to supply = ano!r 9 8 abs5ce1 ( :om x is n c]ta9 t he is qualifi$ = ! po/4#aia ,! v frequ5t m5tion1 9 all ^! discussions1 ( some?+ l dome/ic trag$ies result+ f ! *ange ( ma/]s1 seems to %[ two ?+s2 fir/1 x ju/ifies ! practice ( keep+ ! same ,pr(essor ov] ! same boys = a c]ta9 t]m ( ye>s1 if n until ! class itself dissolves into high] c\rses2 secondly1 x %[s :at a usual condition x 0 = ma/]s to h won ! mo/ absolute atta*m5t to !mselves1 9 ! ex]cise ( _! magi/]ial duties1 bo? on ! side ( p>5ts & on ! "p ( ! s*ol>s4 ,?us1 speak+ ( ! ,pr(essors m\nt+ ) _! classes1 ! critics say3 ,!y w h obs]v$ :at _! disciples ne$2 !y w take !m up to ! next class4 ,& h5ce1 t *ang+ ( ,ma/]s1 :i* has caus$ s _m tragic sc5es1 w n be felt s mu*4#aib ,add to ^! elem5ts ( p]man5cy & id5tity1 ano!r :i* is mo/ fundam5tal ( all1 ! id5tity ( _! =mation z ,ma/]s2 s t ! "y ,jesuits1 z ! ,g5]al ,visconti sums up ! matt] 9 #ageb1 mu/ h ! mo/ accompli%$ ,pr(essors ( ,rhetoric1 imm$iately aft] _! novitiate1 m5 :o n only are altoge!r em95t 9 ?is faculty1 b :o "k h[ to tea*1 & make ev]y?+ smoo? = !m2 m5 ( em95t tal5t & ! wide/ exp]i5ce 9 ! art2 :o are n m]ely to =m good s*ol>s1 b to tra9 good ,ma/]s2 & t two ye>s entire mu/ be giv5 to ,rhetoric1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ! ,society1 :i* t]m is n to be abridg$1 unless necessity is urg5t4#aic ,add1 moreov]1 ! uni=mity ( plan1 s t ! =m ( our s*ools may be ev]y:]e z mu* z possible ! same1 &1 :5 ,ma/]s are *ang$1 itself ne$ und]go no *ange4#aid ,x foll[s t1 ?\gh ! fl[ ( new blood is con/antly ent]+ ! p$agogic body1 & a con/ant r5ewal is tak+ place1 nei!r ! p]man5cy nor ! id5tity ( ! tea*+ body & its sy/em is f\nd to dep5d ^u ! same individuals rema9+ at ! same po/s4 ,naturally1 su* conditions are n to be look$ =1 except 9 ! special circum/ances ( a religi\s community1 ) p]fect organization 9 ! body1 ) ! consci5ti\sness ( a self-d5y+ =mation actuat+ ! memb]s1 ) ! l&m>ks ( traditions1 & a /atutory me?od to %[ ! way2 &1 f9ally1 ) executive (ficials adequate to control4 ,z to ?is la/-nam$ condition ( executive sup]9t5d5ce ov] p]sons & ?+s 9 ! sy/em1 sev]al rules = ! ,prefect ( ,/udies ( ^! lit]>y c\rses w expla9 !mselves4 ,! ,ratio ( #aeii says3 ,let him h ! rules ( ! ,ma/]s & s*ol>s1 & see t !y are obs]v$1 z if !y 7 8 own4 ,let him help ! ,ma/]s !mselves & direct !m1 & be especially cauti\s t ! e/eem & au?ority due to !m be n 9 ! lea/ impair$4 ,let him be v solicit\s t ! new ,preceptors foll[ ) accuracy ! mann] ( tea*+1 & o!r cu/oms ( _! pr$ecessors1 provid$ t ^! 7 n =eign to our me?od2 s t p]sons outside may n h reason to f9d fault ) ! frequ5t *ange ( ,ma/]s4 ,once a =tnight1 at lea/1 let him li/5 to ea* "o tea*+4#aie ,?is moral id5tity be+ secur$1 9 ! ways1 means1 & views ( ! tea*+ body1 ! individual & p]sonal elem5ts1 :i* ea* ,ma/] br+s to be> ^u ! "w be=e him1 are no m int]f]$ )1 or hamp]$ by community ( me?od1 ?an are all ! v>ieties ( race1 nation1 politics1 & environm5t1 slight$ or int]f]$ ) by a s+le sy/em ( collegiate in/itution be+ plac$ 9 _! mid/4 ,x 0 9 view ( be+ ev]y:]e1 t ! sy/em 0 ca/ 9 its precise & adju/able =m1 s t1 9 spite ( be+ ev]y:]e1 x %\ld be f\nd equally manageable & effective4 ,& simil>ly1 9 spite ( ! sy/em itself be+ "o1 ! play ( individual tal5ts c be v>i\s1 z are ! movable factors 9 any great organization4 ,we may close ?is *apt] by obs]v+ sev]al f>-rea*+ consequ5ces ( ! =ego+ pr9ciples4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ^? :o1 aft] p]sonal exp]i5ce 9 ! classes1 come to take *>ge ( colleges 9 ! capacity ( ,rectors1 are f\nd1 say ! critics ( #aehf1 to take full & accurate acc\nt ( /udies & ,pr(essors alike2 = !y !mselves h borne ! burd5 ( ! s*ools1 & "k h[ to sympa?ize ) o!rs f _! own exp]i5ce2 a fact :i* is ! m conducive to ! end 9 view1 z colleges h be5 in/itut$ = ! /udy ( lett]s4 ,besides1 n unfrequ5tly !re arise 9 ! classes1 especially ( ! small] colleges1 difficulties :i* c sc>cely be ov]come1 except by a ,rector :o has p]sonal exp]i5ce to guide him2 o!rwise1 :e!r he *ances to solve ! difficulty aright1 or solves x awry1 he w n d mu* good ei!r way1 s9ce !y d n give him ! cr$it ( kn[+ h[4#aif ,! small] colleges spok5 ( "h1 z m liable to enc\nt] int]nal difficulties1 are contra/$ else:]e by ^! critics ) ! great] & pr9cipal ones1 9 :i* !re are _m c\nsellors or ref]ees at h&1 to :om ! ,ma/]s c h rec\rse = assi/ance2 & ! s*ools !mselves h suffici5t au?ority4 ,b1 9 :at !y call ! m9or colleges1 ! au?ority ( ! s*ools dep5ds = ! mo/ "p on ! reputation & au?ority ( ! individual ,ma/]s1 :o happ5 at a giv5 "t to be fill+ ! po/s4#aig ,9 ! _s ( ?is p]sonal & exp]i5c$ concurr5ce ) all ! affairs ( ! college1 ! ,rector is requir$ s to mod]ate ! o!r conc]ns ( 8 (fice1 z to be prompt 9 fo/]+ & advanc+ all lit]>y ex]cises4 ,he is to g (t5 to ! classes1 ^? ( ! l[] faculties z well z ( ! high]4#aih ,e mon?1 or at lea/ e o!r mon?1 he is to hold g5]al consultations ) all ! ,ma/]s bel[ ! c\rse ( ,logic1 ! sev]al ,prefects be+ pres5t2 &1 aft] ! read+ ( "s selection f ! ,ratio1 conc]n+ ! ,ma/]s or ! piety & good conduct ( ! /ud5ts1 he is to inquire :at difficulties occur1 or :at omissions are notic$ 9 ! obs]vance ( rules4#aii ,books are nev] to be want+1 9 ! suffici5cy desir$ by ! memb]s g5]ally1 :e!r !y are engag$ 9 tea*+1 or are pursu+ _! /udies4#bjj ,to ?is regulation1 :i* conc]ns ! *ief au?ority 9 a ,prov9ce1 ! revis$ ,ratio ( #ahcb adds3 ,! same is to be said ( lit]>y p]iodicals = ! use ( ! ,pr(essors2 ( museums1 physical app>atus1 & o!r equipm5ts1 :i* are ne$$ by a college accord+ to its degree4 ,! ,g5]al ,visconti obs]ves some:at emphatically1 t 9 buy+ books ! ,rectors w nev] consid] ! money ( _! colleges ill sp5t4#bja ,j\vancy applies ! same pr9ciple to publi%+ ! lit]>y productions ( ! ,ma/]s4 ,he fir/ sket*es ! s]ies ( lit]>y productions expect$ f !m1--! annual addresses ( inauguration to be giv5 by ea* ,pr(essor 9 8 own class1 ! public & solemn "o to be deliv]$1 on ! same inaugural occasion1 by ! ,pr(essor ( ,rhetoric1 ! poem to be compos$ & read by ! ,ma/] ( ,poetry2 !n1 dur+ ! ye>1 a c]ta9 numb] ( addresses to be deliv]$2 &1 at ! end1 a trag$y compos$ by ! ,pr(essor ( ,rhetoric1 a m9or drama by ! ,pr(essor ( ,poetry1 bo? to be act$ on ! /age4 ,j\vancy goes on to recomm5d t no public occasion be all[$ to g by1 )\t receiv+ ! tribute ( "s su* lit]>y "w4 ,!n he adds3 ,nor is t exp5se to be consid]$ useless :i* is incurr$ = pr9t+ & publi%+ good poems4 ,9 all ^! matt]1 spl5dors %\ld be add$ to lit]>y ex]cises1 & to ! exhibition !re(1 9 su* wise t ev]y?+ mean:ile t5ds to solidity ( erudition4#bjb ,a second consequ5ce ( ! lit]>y ca/1 m>k+ ! :ole ,ord]1 is ! vantage-gr\nd on :i* x plac$ ! ,jesuits1 ) reg>d to all ! le>n+ & ! le>n$ m5 ( ,europe4 ,! flu5t & elegant comm& ( ! ,lat9 language gave at once a ma/]y ov] ! vehicle ( int]c\rse1 9 :i* all le>n+ 0 convey$4 ,our critics ( #aehf sum up ! be>+s ( ?is p>ticul> advantage "u sev]al heads3 ,! memb]s ( ! ,ord] deal ) s _m nations2 s*ola/ic disputations1 :e!r 9 ,philosophy or ,!ology1 are always conduct$ 9 ,lat92 ! memb]s write s _m books2 !y c d ju/ice to ! anci5t ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur*2 !y h to deal con/antly ) le>n$ m54#bjc ,a la/ consequ5ce1 :i* ,i %all pres5t1 is sugge/$ by an obs]vation ( ! same writ]s1 9 ! same place4 ,x ?r[s no little light ^u ! hi/ory ( ! ,society1 & x %[s ! practical adju/m5t ( ! educational sy/em to ! times4 ,!y say !n1 x is by ! /udies ( ,belles-,lettres1 m ?an by ! high] faculties1 t ! ,society has1 9 a %ort "t1 be5 propagat$ ?r\gh all ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,nor c x be pres]v$ bett] or m solidly1 ?an by ! same means ?r\gh :i* x 0 fir/ introduc$4 ,unless !y endeavor to ma9ta9 ?is honorable di/9ction1 ) :i* ,god has be5 pleas$ to grace ! ,society1 !re is reason to fe> t !y !mselves may yet lapse into ! b>b>ism1 :i* !y are f> f admir+ 9 o!rs4 ,z to ! o!r faculties1 :i* are brilliant en\gh ( !mselves1 !re is no tr\ble 9 cultivat+ !m4 ,b1 natural incl9ations feel+ a repugnance = less conspicu\s pursuits1 p h1 z x 71 to drag !mselves to ^! l[] faculties4 ,!y %\ld take lesson1 !re=e1 by good husb&m51 :o be/[ m c>e on transplant$ & exotic gr[?s ?an on native %oots4#bjd ,& !y proce$ to quote ! rule1 =mulat$ 9 ! words ( ,ignatius1 by ! ,g5]al ,ev]>d ,m]curian1 :o requir$ ! in/itution & pres]vation ( ! lit]>y sem9>y4#bje ,s t we end "h ?is discussion on ! l[] faculties1 at ! po9t :]e we began4 ,9 all well-assort$ plans ea* elem5t has a ref]5ce to e o!r4 ,m5 mu/ mat* ! "w1 & ! "w be suit$ to ! m54 ,7 ! m5 n =m$1 ! be/ sy/em w\ld settle into an in]t /ate2 &1 ! m consi/5cy & vitality ( its own x (f]$ to contribute1 ! m inept & in]t w\ld x look1 a memorial ( :at x might d1 dead to :at x c4 ,9 itself1 & 9 its effects1 x might appe> to be out ( date1 z n be+ und]/ood4 ,only ! practical work+ ( a ?+1 by ! man :o und]/&s x1 %[s x (f = :at x is wor?4 ,?is is a rule q univ]sal1 :]ev] practical insight is ne$$ = ! work+ ( a me*anism4 ,x mu/ be work$ intellig5tly to be und]/ood4 ,once x is und]/ood1 ! practical intellig5ce gr[s4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,c\rses ,,( ,,div9ity ,,& ,,alli$ ,,sci5ces4 ,,private ,,/udy4 ,,repetition4 #a4 ,hav+ f9i%$ 8 c\rse ( tea*+ lit]ature1 ! ,jesuit returns to 8 high] /udies4 ,div9ity & its alli$ sci5ces /& out 9 prom95ce = _! intr9sic dignity2 b !y h1 besides1 a /udi$ prem95ce assign$ !m 9 ! sy/em be=e u4 ,! almo/ univ]sal rule1 ( int]mitt+ ! high] /udies ) a c\rse ( lit]>y tea*+1 und]goes a special exception 9 ! case ( ^? !ologians1 ^: numb] is few1 & use s manifold2#bjf ( :om ,aquaviva says t1 accord+ z ! high] c\rses are develop$1 ! few] proportionately1 out ( _m /ud5ts1 become qualifi$ to pr(ess ^? exalt$ sci5ces4#bjg ,! same policy holds ) respect to ^? :o h an em95t tal5t = oratory4 ,laynez1 himself a great prea*]1 & a compet5t judge 9 ! matt]1 reliev$ ,fa!r ,francis ,/rada ( ! (fice ( ,prov9cial1 to set him free = ! m9i/ry ( ! pulpit2 & he wrote1 z he did s3 ,if only he _h a suffici5cy ( ^? :om he c\ld put 9 ! (fice ( ,prov9cial1 he w\ld relieve all prea*]s ( t (fice1 t !y might devote !mselves entirely to spread+ ! se$ ( ! ,div9e ,^w4#bjh ,( ^! & o!rs1 :o give em95t promise ( be+ equal to ! grav] occupations1 or = :om an imm$iate ne$ exi/s 9 t direction1#bji an imm$iate application is to be made to ! /udy ( ,!ology4#baj ,all :o graduate 9 ^! high] c\rses d s1 z qualifi$ to pr(ess2 j z !y _h graduat$ 9 ,philosophy & its cognate bran*es4#baa ,b1 ?\gh a ma/] 9 ! matt] ( 8 philosophical tri5nium1 no /ud5t is call$ ^u to pr(ess any ( ^? bran*es1 until he has graduat$ also 9 ,!ology4 ,"h we may adv]t to sev]al l9es ( /rict p>allelism 9 ! sy/em1 bo? ) reg>d to admitt+ any /ud5ts1 :e!r ,jesuits or n1 to ! respective c\rses ( /udy1 & ) reg>d to admitt+ ,jesuits !mselves to pr(ess 9 ! *airs4 ,z a condition = admitt+ any /ud5ts at all into ! high] c\rses1 ! ,society introduc$ a mu*-ne$$ re=m1 9 requir+ t lit]>y qualifications ( a suffici5tly high grade %\ld prec$e matriculation4 ,?us ! ,univ]sity ( ,+ol/adt orda9s t no "o %all be admitt$ to ,academic1 t is1 ,univ]sity lectures1 except aft] "o ye> ( ,rhetoric2 & x adds v /rict regulations ab\t ! election ( c\rses1 repetitions1 disputations1 etc41 9 ! ?ree ye>s' curriculum ( ,philosophy4#bab ,9 l mann]1 to be admitt$ z a /ud5t ( ,div9ity & its correlative sci5ces1 x is necess>y to h graduat$ 9 ! c\rse ( ,arts1 t is to say1 ,philosophy & its bran*es4 ,?us ! ,univ]sity ( ,wrzburg orda9s t no "o %all be admitt$ z an auditor ( ,s*ola/ic ,!ology1 unless he be ,magi/]io insignis1 a ,ma/] ( ,arts2 x excepts only ! memb]s ( religi\s ,ord]s 9 att5dance1 & also ,pr9cipis ,alumnos1 ! ,pr9ce's s*ol>s4 ,o!rs1 :o h n s graduat$1 x w admit to ,moral ,!ology & its supplem5t>y bran*es4 ,x w n ev5 exam9e1 = ! ,ma/]%ip 9 ,arts1 any "o1 :e!r a ,religi\s or n1 :o has /udi$ ,philosophy 9 a private in/itution or a mona/]y4#bac ,to apply = ,academic ,degrees1 !y mu/ prove t !y h foll[$ all ! c\rses 9 "s approv$ public ,univ]sity4#bad ,! curriculum1 n[ be=e ! /ud5t1 is a quadri5nium1 or f\r-ye> c\rse4 ,x is prolong$ into a fif? & six? ye>1 = review+ ! :ole gr\nd ( "o's /udies2 = prep>+ a public def5ce aga9/ all com]s2 &1 9 ! case ( ,jesuit /ud5ts1 = an imm$iate prep>ation to fill ! ,pr(essor's *air1 ! pulpit1 or to dis*>ge o!r functions4 ,h5ce ! ,univ]sity ( ,cologne specifies1 9 g5]al1 a sex5nium1 or six-ye> c\rse = ,!ology4#bae ,n unlike to ?is is ! p>allelism :i* we may notice1 9 appo9t+ ! memb]s ( ! ,society to ,pr(essors' *airs4 ,?\gh qualifi$ to tea* lit]ature aft] 8 own complete c\rse ( lett]s 9 ! sem9>y1 yet1 z we h se51 no "o is to be put ov] ! classes ( ,gramm> or ,humanity :o has n fir/ /udi$ 8 ,philosophy4 ,& s aga91 at ?is /age1 ?\gh app>5tly compet5t to tea* ,philosophy1 & approv$ z be+ qualifi$ to pr(ess x1 yet no "o is to be put 9 a *air ( t c\rse :o has n also /udi$ 8 ,!ology4#baf ,! reasons = ?is are assign$ by ! critics ( #aehf4 ,! philosoph]1 !y say1 :o has n yet become a !ologian1 w n be s safe 9 8 conclusions1 9 8 pro(s1 9 8 mann] ( expression4 ,he w be ( an age less mature4 ,8 le>n+ w be less sup]abundant4 ,he w sc>cely be able to answ] ! argum5ts ( unbeliev]s4 ,nor w he treat ,philosophy 9 a way to r5d] x useful to ,!ology4 ,9 f9e1 ! proprieties ( ?+s _c be well obs]v$1 if he :o has j fill$ a *air ( ,philosophy has to sit d[n z a m]e /ud5t 9 ,!ology4#bag ,! bran*es ( ?is !ological c\rse are ,s*ola/ic ,!ology1 ,moral ,!ology1 ,sacr$ ,scripture1 ,hebrew & ,ori5tal ,languages1 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 & ,canon ,law4 ,! g5]al category ( /ud5ts is naturally m limit$ ?an 9 ! philosophical curriculum4 ,!re ! auditors 7 "y m51 :o w\ld betake !mselves1 at its close1 to ,m$ic9e1 or o!r walks ( life4 ,!y may h tak5 to ,law2 ?\gh ,possev9o1 himself em95t 9 jurisprud5ce1 w\ld seem to imply t ,canon ,law mu/ h be5 pursu$ fir/4#bah ,! /ud5ts n[ are *iefly ,ecclesia/ics1 ) v>i\s c>e]s be=e !m2 or !y are ,religi\s ( diff]5t ,ord]s2 or1 f9ally1 ! memb]s ( ! ,society itself4 ,! pr9cipal object ( our consid]ation is ! =mation ( ^! latt]1 z qualifi$ to pr(ess4 ,! p$agogical elem5ts be=e u may be rang$ "u ?ree heads3 ,private ,/udy2 ,repetition1 :i* includes ,disputation2 ,lectur+1 :i* is supplem5t$ by ,dictation4 #b4 ,z to ! me?od ( private /udy1 all ! auditors ( ! c\rse are direct$ to look ov]1 prior to ! lecture1#bai ! text 9 ,ari/otle1 ,/4 ,?omas1 etc41 :i* ! ,pr(essor is ab\t to expla94#bbj ,!n1 :ile ! lecture is be+ deliv]$1 !y take d[n notes2 ! copy+ ( m]e dictation is n favor$4 ,aft] ! lecture1 !y are to read ov] ! notes :i* !y h tak5 d[n4 ,let !m endeavor to und]/& _! annotations4 ,und]/&+ :at !y h writt51 !y are to make objections to !mselves aga9/ ! !sis e/abli%$1 & endeavor to solve _! own objections4 ,if !y _c f9d a solution1 let !m note ! difficulties1 & take occasion to ask ! ,pr(essor1 or res]ve !m = disputation4 ,su* is ! me?od ( private /udy prescrib$ = ! memb]s ( ! ,ord]1#bba & laid d[n 9 m g5]al t]ms = ! o!r /ud5ts4#bbb ,to develop habits ( su* /udy1 & to af=d ! requisite leisure1 a c]ta9 cu/om1 !n prevail+ 9 ,portugal1 ( keep+ ! ,pr(essors ( ,philosophy & _! /ud5ts dur+ two h\rs & a half consecutively 9 ! lecture room is disc\nt5anc$ by ! critics ( #aehf3 ,t ! philosoph]s %\ld rema9 two :ole h\rs & a half 9 class1 z is n[ done1 is burd5some to ! ,pr(essor & tr\blesome to ! /ud5ts2 = ^! latt] %\ld get accu/om$ to private /udy1 le/1 l p>rots1 !y seem to be always talk+ by rote4#bbc ,?is curtail+ ( class h\rs 0 *>act]i/ic ( ! ,society's sy/em4 ,9 #aefg ! ,g5]al ,fa!r ,francis ,borgia wrote1 ?r\gh 8 secret>y ,polanco1 correct+1 9 ?is respect1 a s*ool-regulation :i* _h be5 foll[$ 9 ! l[] classes ( ! ,g]man ,prov9ce4 ,! secret>y writes3 ,x is f\nd by exp]i5ce1 9 ! s*ools ( ! ,company1 t to tea* ?ree consecutive h\rs 9 ! =5oon1 & ?ree m 9 ! aft]noon1 is injuri\s to ! heal? ( our ,ma/]s1 & does no good to ! heal? ( ! s*ol>s2 = :i* reason x is n[ orda9$ t 9 our s*ools ! morn+ classes %all n la/ long] ?an two & a half h\rs1 & ! same 9 ! aft]noon4#bbd ,no?+ int5sifies m ! results ( /udies ?an conc5tration1 nor dissipates !m m ?an division ( att5tion1 :ile a giv5 pursuit is 9 progress4 ,?is pr9ciple applies to ! numb] ( c\rses tak5 up at "o "t1 ! conduct ( private /udies 9 any s+le c\rse1 & ! degree to :i* ! appo9t$ tea*]s & ! /&>d au?ors h full ju/ice done !m4 ,on ?is head1 ! critics ( #aehf give recomm5dations1 d]iv$ f ! ,con/itution1 = ! direction ( all ! /ud5ts 9 g5]al1 & = ! memb]s ( ! ,ord] 9 p>ticul>4 ,! recomm5dations are embodi$ briefly 9 ! ,ratio ,/udiorum4#bbe ,) ,ari/otle 9 ,philosophy1 or ) ,/4 ,?omas 9 ,!ology1 "o comm5t>y is to be designat$1 & t a specially *os5 au?or1 suit$ to ! individual's capacity4 ,9 ! second ye> ( ,!ology1 "o ( ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* c be add$1 to be read at odds & ends ( "t1 or aft] ! fatigue ( a long /ret* ( /udy4 ,ano!r c be sub/itut$1 if aft] a :ile !y ask = ano!r4 ,b c>e %\ld be tak5 t !y d n sp5d too mu* "t on ?is read+1 z if !y 7 gett+ up a s]mon4#bbf ,all ?is1 no d\bt1 t5ds to make ! /ud5t a man ( "o book1 :o1 z ! adage says1 is mu* to be fe>$4 ,h[ev]1 :5 he goes ?r\gh e c\rse1 & is ev]y:]e a man ( conc5trat$ att5tion1 :ile1 = ! purpose ( public disputation & ! attempt$ refutation ( 8 own & ! ,pr(essor's conclusions1 ! side av5ues ( v>i\s au?ors & sy/ems are /udi\sly & necess>ily kept op51 x is probable t1 aft] be+ a man ( "o book1 9 _m c\rses successively1 he w also be well-r\nd$ by ! "t 8 =mation is complete4 ,) /ud5ts 9 g5]al1 ?is c be accompli%$ by ! age ( tw5ty-five2 ) ! ,jesuits !mselves1 ab\t ! age ( ?irty-?ree4 #c4 ,i come n[ to ! subject ( ,repetition1 ( :i* two *ief =ms (f] !mselves4 ,"o is j :at ! ^w ( itself indicates2 x belongs to all ! faculties1 b *iefly to ! l[] c\rses4 ,i %all call x by ! g5]ic "n ( ,repetition4 ,! o!r has place pr9cipally 9 ! high]2 x is ,disputation2 ( :i* a prep>atory ex]cise1 call$ ,conc]tatio1 prevails also f ! l[e/ class ( ,gramm> upw>ds4 ,repetition !n rehe>ses 9 full class1 "u v>i\s =ms or modifications ( t ex]cise1 :at ! ,pr(essor has expla9$ 9 class4 ,j be=e ! close ( ! h\r sp5t on 8 lecture1 ! ,pr(essor ( ,philosophy or ,!ology signifies t he is ready = que/ions on ! matt] treat$2 he asks sometimes an acc\nt ( ! lecture1 & he sees t x is repeat$4 ,! revis$ ,ratio ( #ahcb puts x1 9 m g5]al t]ms1 ?us3 ,he is (t5 to require an acc\nt ( ! lectures1 & to see t !y are repeat$2 & !n x desires t1 aft] ! lecture1 ei!r 9 ! class-room1 or some:]e ne>1 he rema9 accessible to ! /ud5ts = at lea/ a qu>t] ( an h\r1 to answ] _! que/ions4#bbg ,?is is all f ! ,con/itution ( ,ignatius4 ,! ,repetition1 :i* he is to see to p]sonally1 is t :i* takes place 9 small circles ( ab\t t5 /ud5ts ea*4 ,at ! close ( ! lectures let !m1 9 p>ties ( ab\t t5 apiece1 repeat = half an h\r :at !y h j he>d2 "o ( ! /ud5ts1 &1 if possible1 a memb] ( ! ,society1 presid+ ov] ea* p>ty1 decuria4#bbh ,nei!r ! prelim9>y1 nor ! f9al1 ,ratio dem&s t ! ,pr(essor himself preside ov] any ( ^! p>ties4 ,b ^? :o d preside w become m le>n$1 & w be practis+ to become ,ma/]s !mselves4#bbi ,x mu/ be admitt$ t ! t5or ( _m rem>ks 9 ! e>li] docum5t ( #aehf1 %[s ! pres5ce ( ,jesuits among ! auditors to h act$ on ! c\rse z a leav5 & a relief2 al?\gh ! concurr5t te/imony ( hi/orians1 ab\t ! ,jesuit s*ools1 indicates little or no?+ !re ( t lic5se ( mann]s1 su* z ,possev9o describ$ = u 9 a =m] *apt]4#bcj ,9 a special mann]1 ^? ,jesuit /ud5ts1 already "y prie/s1 :o1 hav+ gone ?r\gh _! f\r-ye> c\rse1 7 n[ review+ 9 a bi5nium1 ( a fif? & six? ye>1 all _! long /udies ( ! high] sci5ces1 /ood ready at h& = _m functions 9 ! ar5a ( direction & presid5cy1 ei!r ov] ! repetitions or ! disputations1 or 9 ! *air2 to :i* z _m ( !m z 7 ne$$ w\ld be (ficially assign$1 :5 _! private /udies left !m at la/ free4#bca ,to say a ^w ^u ?is class ( ,jesuit /ud5ts1 !y %[ u ! ,pr(essor's =mation at its la/ /age4 ,!y are review+ all ,!ology1 ,philosophy1 ,sacr$ ,scripture1 ,canon ,law1 ,polemical or ,controv]sial ,!ology1 & ecclesia/ical erudition g5]ally4 ,! la/ ( _! rules = self-guidance says3 ,9 p>ticul>1 !y are to devote !mselves mo/ ( all to t pursuit1 to :i* !y feel *iefly drawn1 )\t1 h[ev]1 omitt+ any ( ! re/4#bcb ,mean:ile1 !y pres5t1 9 v>i\s ways1 specim5s ( _! tal5t & erudition2 !y ?r[ into ! =m ( a dige/1 f _! own g5ius1 all ,!ology1 "u c]ta9 heads & pr9ciples2 !y c *oose "s spl5did subject1#bcc & deliv] t5 public lectures !reupon to ! auditors :o *oose to att5d1 :i*1 we may obs]ve1 0 precisely ! /atus ( all ,pr(essors 9 ! m$ival univ]sities4 ,9 _! acts ( public def5ce1 five ( :i* are prescrib$ dur+ ! two ye>s1 !y are free to foll[ or to leave ! op9ions ( _! late ,pr(essors4#bcd ,^! /ud5ts !n are assi/ant & extraord9>y ,pr(essors4 ,!y h begun ! "w1 :i* "s ( !m w cont9ue :5 call$ ^u to become ,pr(essors 9 ord9>y4 ,!y are already 9 tra9+ = t indep5d5t "w1 :i* ! revis$ ,ratio ( #ahcb %[s "s anxiety ab\t pres]v+2 = x says to all :o occupy any *air 9 ^! faculties1 t1 9 case !y adopt a /&>d au?or to foll[ 9 _! lectures1 :i* is a cu/om r preval5t 9 m rec5t times1 !y mu/ nev]!less deliv] ea* ye> "s special "q elaborat$ indep5d5tly by !mselves4#bce ,?is indep5d5ce ( /yle1 p]fect comm& ( ! matt]1 ) express leave = ! incipi5t ,pr(essor1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 f9al bi5nium1 to rel9qui% ! op9ions ( 8 late ,pr(essors1 are made ! subject ( _m a rem>k by ! critics ( #aehf4 ,)al1 x is cle> en\gh t = a y\ng] man to leave an approv$ op9ion safely1 x is v necess>y = him to "k well :at he is ab\t2 & d\bly necess>y :5 he comes =w>d 9 a public def5ce2 = 8 own late ,pr(essors are among ! ,doctors pres5t1 & are !re to assail him 9 all 8 t5ets4 ,^!1 !n1 or o!rs presid+ ov] ! circles1 "o p]son repeats1 ! o!rs li/5+2 !y propose difficulties mutually1 &1 if !y _c solve _! own objections1 !y consult ! ,pr(essor4#bcf ,! "o :o repeats is to d s1 n f 8 notes1 b f memory4 ,?us ! memory is ex]cis$2 practice is af=d$ ^? :o are to be ,ma/]s1 s t !y accu/om !mselves to develop _! ?\ghts be=e o!rs2 x makes !m all keep alive & att5tive dur+ ! lecture1 to take d[n ! necess>y notes1 z !y might n d1 if !y 7 free f su* repetition4#bcg ,!re are sev]al o!r possible =ms ( conduct+ ?is ex]cise4 ,:5 once ! fir/ crude repetition is ov]1 ! s]ies ( disputations beg9s1 daily1 weekly1 mon?ly1 ye>ly4 ,)\t c\nt+ 9 ! ,gr& ,acts ( public def5ce aga9/ all objectors1 at /at$ times & by specially designat$ p]sons1 we may enum]ate z _m z sev5 ord9>y rehe>sals ( ! same matt]4 ,fir/1 be=e go+ to ! lecture hall1 ! /ud5t looks ov] ! text4 ,?is is done easily en\gh 9 ,/4 ,?omas or ,ari/otle1 if "o ( ^! is ! /&>d4 ,z ,ignatius expect$ w\ld be done1 _m /&>d works h be5 publi%$ by writ]s ( ! ,society4#bch ,_! recomm5dation is1 z he intimat$1 t !y are m adapt$ to our times2 & !y h incorporat$ rec5t rese>*es 9 progressive bran*es4 ,9 ! s5se ( ?is adaptation to times & circum/ances1 ! !ologians 9 ,cologne1 mak+ _! ann\ncem5t = ! ye> #aegh1 say t !y foll[ ,/4 ,?omas z a g5]al rule1 b n s z to treat all t he treats1 nor only :at he treats4444 ,e age1 !y say1 has its own debat$ gr\nd 9 matt]s ( doctr9e1 & ?is br+s x to pass t ,!ology is n only con/antly enl>g$ ) a v>iety ( new disputations1 b assumes1 z x 71 a new ca/4#bci ,& ! critics ( ! prelim9>y ,ratio1 treat+ ( ! ,scripture c\rse1 lecture at "s l5g? all :om x may conc]n1--!ologians1 pr(essors1 prea*]s1--precisely on ?is gr\nd1 ! ne$ ( amplify+ & adapt+ ! c\rse ( ,scripture to ! conditions ( ! times4#bdj ,accord+ly1 works always new & adapt$ to late/ ne$s1 h p\r$ =? f ! writ]s ( ! ,ord]4 ,& su* z furni% ! conditions ( a text1 :i* may readily be foll[$1 also supply ! conditions = conn+ ov]1 be=e go+ to ! lecture hall1 :at ! ,pr(essor means to treat4 ,if no su* /&>d is be+ foll[$1 /ill1 z ,i f9d not$ 9 a docum5t>y report ( #ahhf1 ! ,pr(essors %\ld always1 z f> z possible1 ?r[ out directions en\gh = ! /ud5ts to look up ! subject be=e com+ to ! lecture4 ,9 ?is connection _m famili> names ( au?ors occur4 ,= ,s*ola/ic ,!ology & ,philosophy1 !re is1 9 ! fir/ place1 ! pr9ce ( mod]n !ologians1 ,francis ,su>ez1 ) 8 libr>y ( tomes2 !re are ! ?ree ,c>d9als ,toletus1 ,bell>m9e1 ,de ,lugo2 ,val5tia1 ,vasquez1 ,lessius1 ,franzel92 &1 9 ! mod]n s*ool ( ,s*ola/ic ,philosophy1 ! elegant ,lib]atore1 ,kleutg51 ,tongiorgi1 ,pes*1 along ) ! writ]s ( ,l\va91 ,/onyhur/1 ,innsbruck1 & else:]e2 9 ,positive ,!ology & ,controv]sy1 ,canisius1 ,becanus1 ,petau1 ,s>dagna2 9 ,exegesis1 ,maldonado1 ,salm]on1 ,lapide1 ,m5o*ius1 ,patrizi1 ,cornely1 ) ! s*ool ( ,m>ia ,laa*2 9 ,moral ,!ology1 an endless numb]1 ,san*ez1 ,laymann1 ,busembaum1 ) 8 two hundr$ editions1 ,gury1 ,ball]9i4#bda ,secondly1 ! /ud5t he>s ! ,pr(essor's lecture4 ,?irdly1 "o ( ! =ms ( regul> repetition is gone ?r\gh4 ,f\r?ly1 ! daily disputation takes place1 at lea/ among ! ,jesuit ,s*ola/ics3 ,at home1 e day except on ,saturdays1 free & fea/ days1 "o h\r is to be appo9t$1 dur+ :i*1 aft] a prelim9>y summ>iz+ ( ! matt] = def5ce1 ! disputation foll[s2 &1 if "t rema9s ov]1 difficulties may be propos$4 ,9 ord] to h "s "t rema9 ov]1 ! presid5t mu/ h ! syllogi/ic =m ( discussion rigidly obs]v$2 &1 if no?+ new is be+ urg$1 he w cut (f ! debate4#bdb ,fif?ly1 !re is ! weekly disputation3 ,on ,saturday1 or "s o!r day1 z ! cu/om ( ! ,univ]sity has x1 let !m hold disputations 9 ! s*ools dur+ two h\rs1 or long] /ill1 :5ev] !re is a l>ge conc\rse ( p]sons :o come to he>4#bdc ,six?ly1 ! m solemn disputation foll[s1 e mon?1 or ne>ly s3 ,ea* mon?1 or1 if ! /ud5ts are few1 e o!r mon?1 let disputations be held on a c]ta9 day1 bo? morn+ & aft]noon4 ,! numb] ( def5dants w correspond to ! numb] ( ,pr(essors ^: !ses !y def5d4#bdd ,sev5?ly1 t[>ds ! close ( ! s*ola/ic ye>1 ?\gh no "t is to be set aside = ! purpose1 s z to prejudice ! cont9u\s c\rse ( ! ,pr(essor's lectures1 yet all ! matt] ( ! ye> is to h be5 gone ?r\gh1 by way ( repetition1 :5 ! "t ( vacation arrives4#bde ,! :ole ( ?is matt] =ms ! subject ( ! ye>'s exam9ation = ! ,jesuit memb]s ( ! c\rse4#bdf ,to all ^! argum5tative repetitions may be add$ ! discursive =m1 9 ! %ape ( lectures giv5 by ! /ud5ts !mselves1 or diss]tations read on /at$ occasions4#bdg ,x is evid5t t ! memb]s ( ! ,society are ! *ief subjects ( ?is complet5ess ( =mation2 & t = two reasons4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 no o!r /ud5ts1 ev5 if convictores1 t is1 bo>d]s 9 ! ,jesuit colleges1 c be br\ght "u su* a ?or\ghness ( sy/em4 ,secondly1 o!r /ud5ts are n 9 ! same way subject to ! regul> gradation ( exam9ations f ye> to ye>4 ,:5 !y are compet5t1 !y may apply = admission to ! requisite public te/s1 or ,acts ( ,def5ce2 &1 9 ! philosophical c\rses1 !y become ,ba*elors1 ,lic5tiates1 & ,ma/]s ( ,arts2 9 ,!ology1 ,ba*elors 9 ! fir/ & !n 9 ! second grade1 ,lic5tiates1 ,doctors4 ,no degree is to be conf]r$ on any "o :o has n /ood all ! te/s1 :i*1 accord+ to ! cu/om ( ,univ]sities1 mu/ prec$e ! conf]r+ ( ^! degrees4 ,! "* ( ea* degree1 its conditions1 te/s1 =malities1 are treat$ ( fully 9 ! ,=m & ,me?od ( conduct+ ,academies & ,/udia ,g5]alia ,s4 ,j41 #afeh4bdh ,"h1 !n1 ! _s ( ! ,con/itution is fully obs]v$1 ) reg>d to repetition & also disputation4 ,! ,fa!rs rem>k t ,ignatius recomm5ds no?+ ) m urg5cy ?an disputation1 & con/ancy 9 its ex]cise2 s mu* /ress does he lay ^u x1 z n to let ! /ud5ts ( ,lett]s & ,gramm> g )\t x4#bdi ,9 ! l[] classes x takes ! =m ( conc]tatio & mutual *all5ges1 9 ! matt] ( ,gramm> & lit]>y doctr9e4 ,"h x is 9 its full =m2 & we may pass on to consid] x 9 ! next *apt]1 n z a mann] ( repetition1 b on its own m]its4 ,i w make ! transition1 by quot+ an important passage or two f ! prelim9>y ,ratio4 ,!y be> n only on disputation1 b on t v ess5tial po9t1 :]e x is t ! vital p[] = actuat+ ! :ole sy/em lies2 & :at is ! intr9sic value ( any sy/em1 z a m]e code ( legislation4 ,! critics say t1 to c\nt]act ! app>5t decl9e ( disputation1 & to re/ore ?is ex]cise to its anci5t =m & spl5dor1 ev]y?+ dep5ds on ! vigilance & dilig5ce ( ^? 9 au?ority4 ,)\t ?is1 no?+ w be effect$1 ev5 ?\gh1 = ! prop] adm9i/ration ( ?is dep>tm5t ( /udies1 _m laws & precepts are put d[n 9 writ+4#bej ,else:]e1 ackn[l$g+ 9 ano!r connection t !re is inde$ a multitude ( po9ts def9$ = obs]vance1 ! same writ]s g on to make ^! p]t95t reflections3 ,! p]fection ( doctr9e1 l ! p]fection ( moral life1 /&s 9 ne$ ( _m aids2 :5ce x is t !re is no p "u ! direction ( m laws ?an ! ,*ri/ian p1 nor any ,religi\s ,ord] m "u ! obligation ( ,con/itution & ,decrees ?an our own4 ,!y und]take to prove ! advantage ( ?is1 bo? f ! side ( ^? 9 au?ority1 & ( ^? "u au?ority4 ,ari/otle & ,/4 ,?omas1 !y say1 are bo? ( op9ion t z few po9ts z possible %\ld be left to ! private op9ions ( a judge1 & z _m z possible %\ld be det]m9$ by ! cle> def9ition ( law4 ,!y prove x2 = x is easi] to f9d ! few wise m51 ^: wisdom is equal to ! task ( det]m9+ fix$ rules ( guidance1 ?an to f9d ! multitude1 :i* o!rwise is requir$ to pass judgm5t 9 all cont+5cies ( "t & place2 !re is ! sanction ( great] maturity 9 laws :i* h /ood ! te/ ( "t & exp]i5ce1 ?an 9 ! (f-h& decision ( ! pres5t h\r2 !re is less ( a corrupt+ influ5ce on law-giv]s1 :5 !y are def9+ ?+s 9 g5]al & = ! future4 ,:]e=e1 :atev] c be despat*$ by g5]al law is s to be despat*$2 :at _c be provid$ = by su* law is to be left to ! judge1 z ! liv+ rule4 ,"u ?is head come ! p>ticul> decisions to be pass$ 9 giv5 junctures1 :]e( ! g5]al law _c take cognizance4 ,s f> ,ari/otle & ,/4 ,?omas2 & ! ,fa!rs ( #aehf agree ) !m4#bea ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,disputation4 ,,dictation4 #a4 ,_m wise ?+s _h be5 said by ! exp]i5c$ ma/]s ( old on ! subject ( disputation4 ,?us ,rob]t ( ,sorbon1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,college ( ! ,sorbonne1 _h put x d[n 9 "o ( 8 six ess5tial rules = ! s*ol>1 t no?+ is p]fectly kn[n unless ma/icat$ by ! too? ( disputation4#beb ,our ,jesuit critics m5tion incid5tally1 9 "o place1 t _! age is em95tly v]s$ 9 disputation4#bec ,!y are caution+ ! ,pr(essor ( ,scripture aga9/ us+ disputation at all1 le/ he come !reby to rel9qui% 8 own eloqu5t /yle ( comm5t>y4 ,= e *air has its own "*2 & t :i* ! ,ratio ,/udiorum ( #aeii attributes to ! *air ( ,scripture includes1 among a numb] ( qualifications1 ?is "o1 :i* is m5tion$ 9 ! la/ place1 t1 z f> z possible1 ! ,pr(essors be well v]s$ 9 eloqu5ce4#bed ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ! prop] ar5a ( disputation1 !y caution ,pr(essors aga9/ its abuse4 ,tak+ note1 9 "o place1 ( ! discord :i* c arise among le>n$ m51 !y illu/rate _! po9t ) "s in/ances1 tak5 precisely f a disputati\s t5d5cy1 f t exagg]at$ s*ola/icism :i* _h run into dialectic excesses4 ,!y say3 ,= ! di/urbance ( h>mony1 x makes v little diff]5ce :e!r discord arises 9 great ?+s or 9 little4 ,x is n only ! importance ( a "q1 x is also ! _s ( emulation1 t fo/]s cont5tion2 s t sometimes a w> ( words & ! bitt]e/ alt]cation is kept up on a s+le t]m & phrase4 ,=soo?1 :at is m trivial ?an to ask :e!r ,god is 9 imag9>y space8 ,yet :at tragic sc5es does n ?is v "q give rise to6#bee ,excesses ( ?is k9d be+ gu>d$ aga9/1 ! ,fa!rs lay d[n ! !sis t1 :5 employ$ 9 its prop] place1 no ex]cise is m useful ?an disputation4 ,y w see n a few :olly tak5 up ) read+1 writ+1 arrang+1 & pag+ :at !y h writt52 b !y es*ew mo/ c>efully all disputation1 neglect+ x1 look+ ^u x z an idle occupation1 hav+ all _! ,!ology lock$ up1 n s mu* 9 _! memory & intellig5ce1 z 9 _! pap] books4 ,m5 ( au?ority1 !y g on to say1 h always be5 p]suad$ t ,philosophy & ,!ology are le>nt1 n s mu* by he>+1 z by discuss+4 ,=1 9 ?is ex]cise1 y h a mo/ c]ta9 te/ h[ mu* a man und]/&s ( :at he is writ+ ab\t or tea*+2 also h[ mu* solidity !re is 9 "o's own private cogitations1 s9ce x happ5s n unfrequ5tly t :at appe>s brilliant 9 "o's private room is se5 to drag 9 ! mud1 :5 x comes to disputation4#bef ,!n1 too1 :ile we are h>d press$ by our adv]s>y1 we are =c$ to /ra9 e n]ve ( our wits1 &1 :5 o!rs are be>+ d[n heavily ^u u1 we knock out ( our bra9s _m ?+s :i* w\ld nev] h come into our heads1 :ile we /ay$ 9 ! quiet ( leisure & re/$ 9 ! %ade4 ,we he> ?+s :i* o!rs h f\nd out1 & :i* ei!r ?r[ light on d\btful po9ts1 or indicate ! pa? to "s o!r po9t4 ,or1 if :at is said does n comm5d itself to our judgm5t1 we see ?r\gh ! oppon5t's artifice2 we meet him ) m facility1 & e/abli% our own !sis ) m /ability4 ,! auditors1 mean:ile1 c take note ( ! good po9ts "o ,pr(essor makes1 ! /rong po9ts ( ano!r1 &1 aft] ! example ( _! ,doctors1 !y quick5 _! wits = ! fray1 obs]v+ :]e ! argum5ts limp1 :i* are ! di/9ctions t tell1 h[ ! :ole doctr9e ( a ,pr(essor hangs toge!r4 ,9 %ort1 x is well e/abli%$ by ! au?ority ( ! grave/ m51 & by ! te/ ( exp]i5ce1 t "o disputation does m good ?an _m lectures2 n to m5tion ! o!r consid]ation1 t !re is no?+ m calculat$ to r5d] our s*ools illu/ri\s1 ?an mak+ our /ud5ts compet5t to w9 great approbation & applause1 9 public sessions & disputations4#beg ,^! critics express _! m9d ^u ! ne$ :i* exi/s1 ( reviv+ consid]ably ! f]vor & dignity ( ?is ex]cise1 & s re/or+ x to its =m] educational influ5ce4 ,b we c obs]ve = ourselves1 h[ cong5ial an elem5t ! :ole ex]cise mu/ be 9 a sy/em l ?is1 :i* is prem95tly oral--oral exam9ations1 oral & self-reliant def5ce & attack1 free & op5 lectur+1 ) ! influ5ce ( eye1 voice1 & p]son1 to br+ ev]y?+ home1 ev5 ?\gh all ! :ile !re is no "q ( oratory1 b ( m]e tea*+4 ,9 ! e>li] /ages1 too1 ( ! s*ol>'s life1 h[ev] mu* has be5 made ( ! acquirem5t ( /yle1 =g+ ! ^w ) ,gramm>1 z ,rob]t ( ,sorbon _h said1 & poli%+ x ) ,rhetoric1 to make x gl[ on ! writt5 page1 yet f ! v fir/1 also1 no less acc\nt has be5 tak5 ( ! ability to express "o's ?\ght1 ) p]fect pres5ce ( m9d1 )\t dep5d+ ^u note or book4 ,9 ! high] faculties1 ?is holds good m ?an ev]4 ,n[ ! "t has come = matt] ( ! mo/ approv$ k9d4 ,& ! indep5d5t1 self-possess$ deliv]y ( "o's ?\ghts1 ) ! p[] to =ce !m home unto conviction1 or to ma9ta9 !m aga9/ all odds1 appe>s n only z ! scope propos$ 9 ! sy/em1 b also z ! hi/orical result1 effect$ 9 ! public c>e] ( ! ,ord]4 ,fa!r ,laynez1 at ! ,conf]5ce ( ,poissy1 cont5d$ ?us ) ,pet] ,m>tyr & o!rs2 ,possev9o at ,lyons ) ,viret1 us+1 n s mu* ! sev]e syllogi/ic =m1 z copi\s & le>n$ discussion4 ,maldonado 0 d\ble-h&$1 ei!r syllogi/ic or discursive4 ,9 ! ,conf]5ce at ,s$an1 9 #aegb1 he argu$ fir/ 9 dialectic =m2 !n1 on ! dem& ( 8 oppon5ts = a diff]5t k9d ( weapon1 he took ) ! same facility to discursive exposition4 ,edmund ,campian1 9 ,engl&1 on be+ remov$ f ! rack m dead ?an alive1 0 imm$iately br\ght face to face ) ,newell & ,day1 able *ampions z well ( ! ,que5's spiritual supremacy1 z ( ! doctr9e ( ,ju/ification by ,fai? alone4 ,he proce$$ to argue3 ,if fai? alone ju/ifies1 x ju/ifies )\t *>ity2 b )\t *>ity x does n ju/ify2 !re=e fai? alone does n ju/ify4 ,n[ = ! answ]1 cle> & incisive z ! propositions4 ,d5y or di/+ui% major or m9or proposition1 if y want to d5y ! conclusion2 =1 ^? premises /&+1 ! inf]5ce rema9s intact1 s9ce ! syllogism is p]fect 9 =m4 ,& s argum5tations proce$4 ,to revive disputation 9 its be/ /yle1 ! critics devote sev]al pages to a mo/ valuable analysis ( ! conditions & me?od ( ! ex]cise4#beh ,_! sugge/ions are embodi$ 9 ! f9al ,ratio4 ,! ,rectors are to %[ _! lively & active int]e/ 9 ! disputations1 by att5d+ on public & private occasions alike1 & by ! v>i\s arts :i* su* int]e/ w inspire4 ,z argum5t freezes except 9 a cr[d1 ! critics require t ! att5dance ( all be insi/$ on1 :5 ! days & h\rs ( disputation arrive4 ,?is susceptibility ( human nature1 :i* ! ,fa!rs t\* ^u1 :5 !y speak ( disputation freez+ except 9 a conc\rse1 is n )\t an exact c\nt]p>t1 :51 9 ano!r connection1 !y are speak+ ( ! humani/s1 or ,pr(essors ( ! lit]>y classes4 ,!re !y adopt ! view t ! lit]>y sem9>y ( ! ,prov9ce %\ld be 9 ! same great college1 along ) ! faculties ( ,philosophy & ,!ology2 =1 say !y1 among o!r reasons1 ! humani/s w\ld langui% 9 obscurity1 if !y _h n ! philosoph]s & !ologians to be witnesses1 spectators1 & applaud+ auditors ( _! lit]>y a*ievem5ts4 ,& aga9 !y plead sympa!tically1 ! philosoph]s & !ologians1 :5 compos+ ! prefatory essays = _! disputations1 call = ! ta/e ( ! humani/s1 by ^: v]ses & orations1 moreov]1 !y are refre%$ f "t to "t4#bei ,cont9u+ _! rem>ks1 ! ,fa!rs def9e ! limits ( ! weekly disputations to be two h\rs1 n m1 assign+ f\r regul> objectors = t "t4 ,! ,pr(essors1 belong+ to diff]5t faculties1 %\ld invite "o ano!r reciprocally to ! private disputations 9 _! classes1 at lea/ = an h\r or s1 t ! intellectual conte/ may wax w>m by ! meet+ ( ^! ,doctors4 ,o!r ,doctors1 too1 n ( ! faculty1 c be invit$ = ! same purpose4 ,b1 cont9ues ! ,ratio ( #aeii1 9 und]tak+ to pu% ! argum5ts :i* are be+ urg$1 !y %\ld n take ! ?read out ( ! h&s ( an objector1 :o is /ill ably & /r5u\sly foll[+ x up4#bfj ,mean:ile1 ! /ud5ts :o receive ! commission to act z objectors1 on occasions ( "s publicity1 mu/ be ! m qualifi$ memb]s ( ! c\rse2 ! o!rs h ! practice ( _! private ar5a1 until !y c take "p ) dignity 9 a public t\rnam5t4 ,if argum5t freezes except 9 a cr[d1 s1 too1 x palls1 if x nev] comes to a conclusion2 & no useful po9t ( doctr9e is c>ri$ away by ! li/5]s4 ,tru? is lo/ 9 cl\ds1 & !re is no ga9 to good humor4 ,acrimony or melan*oly may well be ! only outcome ( an unf9i%$ or revolv+ argum5tation4 ,x w n revolve1 if ! disputants keep to /rict syllogi/ic =m4 ,b :5 bo? or all p>ties become heat$1 & wit becomes lively1 ! syllogism may suff]1 & !n1 :5 w !y f9i%8 ,to obviate ?is inconv5i5ce1 two p]sons are *>g$ ) ! responsibility ( ! p]=mance1 "o ! ,pr(essor himself1 :o is presid+ ov] 8 own disputation1 ! o!r1 ! ,g5]al ,prefect ( ,/udies1 :o controls ! :ole s]ies ( disputations1 z !y foll[ "o ano!r 9 turn4 ,( ! ,pr(essor x is said1 t he is to consid] ! day ( disputation z no less labori\s & useful ?an t ( 8 own lecture2 & t all ! fruit & life ( ! ex]cise dep5ds ^u him4 ,! e>li] ,ratio lays ev5 m /ress ^u ! private disputations1 :i* are wont to gr[ m frigid ?an ! public ones4 ,he is to assi/ ! two disputants1 s z to be himself app>5tly ! p]son conte/+ 9 ea*2 let him signify 8 approval1 if any?+ specially good is urg$1 excite ! att5tion ( all :5 any fir/-class difficulty is propos$1 ?r[ out a h9t n[ & !n to support ! respond5t or direct ! oppon5t2 call !m back to /rict syllogi/ic =m1 if !y w&] f x2 n always be sil5t1 nor yet be always talk+1 s z to let ! /ud5ts br+ out :at !y "k4 ,:at is br\ght =w>d1 he c am5d or improve2 let him bid ! objector proce$1 s long z 8 argum5t c>ries weight ) x2 c>ry on ! objector's difficulty = him f>!r2 nor connive at x1 if he slips (f to ano!r track4 ,he is n to all[ an argum5t :i* has be5 well answ]$ to be kept up1 nor an answ] t is n solid to be long su/a9$2 b1 :5 ! dispute has be5 suffici5tly exhau/ive1 let him briefly def9e ! matt]1 & expla9 x4#bfa ,! ,g5]al ,prefect ( ,/udies is requir$ to keep ! s]ies ( disputations 9 due =m2 argu+ himself b sp>+ly1 & !reby dis*>g+ ! duty ( g5]al direction ) m dignity4 ,he is n to suff] any difficulty :i* comes "u debate1 to be agitat$ ?is way & t1 s t x rema9s z mu* ( a difficulty aft] z be=e2 b :5 su* an agitat$ "q has be5 suffici5tly moot$1 he w see t an accurate explanation ( x is giv5 by ! ,pr(essor :o is presid+4#bfb ,) ! la/ public act1 or g5]al def5ce ( ,philosophy & ,!ology1 ! =mation ( ! future ,pr(essor closes4 ,?is public def5ce occupies f\r or five h\rs1 9 two sessions4 ,if ! def5dant is n a memb] ( ! ,ord]1 special c>e is tak5 to honor x ) all solemnity1 & ) ! att5dance ( all ! faculties1 ( gue/s invit$1 ,doctors f )\t1 & pr9ces or ! nobility4#bfc ,?is act w be foll[$ by ! solemnity ( conf]r+ ! f9al degree ^u ! ,lic5tiate4 ,:5 ! /ud5t is a ,jesuit1 mu* m is made ( ?or\ghness 9 a se>*+ exam9ation !n1 z at all times previ\sly4 ,he has n[ pass$ ?r\gh a long s]ies ( ye>ly exam9ations1 :i* 7 almo/ always disputations1 & t1 n ) equals1 b ) f\r or five ,pr(essors4#bfd ,s t1 on view+ him at ! close ( 8 =mation1 we are enabl$ to conceive1 ) m di/9ctness1 ! mean+ ( t /&>d1 surpass+ m$iocrity1 :i*1 9 a =m] *apt]1 ,i endeavor$ to def9e4#bfe #b4 ,on turn+ our att5tion n[ to ! ,pr(essor's *air1 & exam9+ 8 mann] ( lectur+1 ( expla9+1 ( tea*+1 :e!r 9 ! field ( ,lett]s1 ,sci5ce1 ,philosophy1 or ,!ology1 we h1 on ! "o side1 to suppose him complete 9 8 =mation1 &1 on ! o!r1 to reg>d ! s*ol> z und]go+ =mation4 ,"h1 !n1 we beg9 ! second "p ( ?is analysis4 ,! /yle ( tea*+ & ( managem5t1 :i* is di/9ctively ! ,jesuit type1 is pres5t$ 9 ! ,ratio ,/udiorum "u its practical & ideal aspect4 ,!re is also a mann] ( in/ruction :i* is n consid]$ an ideal me?od1 h[ev] mu* x may sometimes recomm5d itself z practically exp$i5t4 ,i w t\* ^u ?is latt]1 ! negative side ( ! "q1 fir/1 to be free1 9 ! next *apt]1 = approa*+ ! matt] on its positive & con/ructive side4 ,9 putt+ dictation d[n z n be+ ! ideal =m ( tea*+ 9 ! ,society1 ,i d n speak ( ! prop] use ( dictation4 ,! ,ratio itself leaves room = x4 ,x is ! abuse ( dictation t m]its & receives a protract$ exam9ation ( its value1 at ! h&s ( ! critics4 ,! discussion is ( ! highe/ importance4 ,9 analyz+ a /yle ( in/ruction1 ) :i* !y are n 9 h>mony1 !y br+ out ! ess5tial elem5ts ( all true tea*+4 ,&1 if we approve at all ( _! pr9ciples1 ! impli$ disapproval = ! reject$ =m becomes only aggravat$1 on contemplat+ an exagg]at$ developm5t ( ! same2 t is to say1 :51 in/ead ( dictat+ :at has ! m]it ( be+ "o's own labori\s production1 ! tea*] is se5 to become ! s]vile dep5dant on a text-book pr9t$ by somebody else2 & nei!r does ! tea*] %[ any ( ! qualifications necess>y to h compos$ ! book1 nor does ! s*ol> exp5d ! indu/ry :i* w\ld h be5 necess>y to copy x4 ,b x is left to speak z be/ x may1 is read by ! tea*]1 in/ead ( 8 tea*+1 is read by ! s*ol> z ! talk ( "s ?ird p]son1 & is f\nd1 9 ! la/ issue1 to h spok5 j articulately en\gh = ! pupil to h le>nt a memory lesson1 & p]haps to h ga!r$ in=mation :i* may or may n adh]e to 8 m5tal /ructure4 ,b1 z to any?+ l m5tal tra9+1 or :at is prop]ly education1 ! f9al result ( a long s]ies ( ye>s seems to %[ t1 if !re has be5 any ( x1 possibly ! man :o wrote ! book _h x2 & ) him x has rema9$4 ,s mu/ x always be "u su* conditions4 ,= :5 ! liv+ ,ma/] has contribut$ s little 9 ! way ( live education1 ! s*ol> mu/1 ( necessity1 g away ) some:at less4 ,^! critics say tr5*antly3 ,let no dictation be giv51 unless ! explanation ( v mu* all t is dictat$ has gone be=e1 or accompanies1 or foll[s ! dictation2 :]e ! cu/om does n exi/1 let no dictation be introduc$2 :]e x does1 an ef=t %\ld be made to d away ) x1 z f> z possible4 ,!n !y support _! position by _m quotations f ! ,con/itution ( ,ignatius4#bff ,!y g on to /ate t ?is habit ( dictat+ 0 a ?+ unhe>d ( till )9 ! la/ =ty ye>s2 yet ! auditors 7 n less le>n$ !n ?an n[4 ,9 fact1 b a slight acqua9tance ) ! old univ]sity sy/em ( ,europe w %[ h[ jeal\sly ! empire ( ! spok5 ^w 0 ma9ta9$--! spok5 ^w1 z di/9ct1 n only f read+ :at ! ,doctor _h himself compos$1 b also f consult+ ev5 notes1 :ile actually lectur+4 ,he might h ! text ( ,ari/otle1 or ,pet] ! ,lomb>d1 be=e him2 he might himself h writt5 & publi%$ works2 ! /ud5t might1 ) p]mission1 take d[n notes 9 %or?&1 f :i* 9 "p1 b *iefly f memory1 he w\ld commit ! :ole lecture to writ+1#bfg on 8 return f s*ool4 ,x 0 n m]e want ( facilities t det]m9$ ! sy/em s4 ,b ! objective po9t 01 n to h le>n+ 9 "o's pap]s & b\nd up2 /ill less to h x 9 books1 b\ght = ! le>n+ t is 9 !m1 & left aft]w>ds ) ! le>n+ /ill rema9+ !re4 ,! object 0 to make le>n+ "o's p]sonal possession1 & to pr(ess ! live ma/]y ( x1 ) voice1 eye1 & p]son %[+ h[ live x 04 ,^! ,doctors cont9ue3 ,! common impression 9 m5's m9ds is1 t dictat+ is n lectur+2 also t x is "o ?+ to write aft] ! mann] ( poli%+ (f a treatise1 a diff]5t ?+ to h at h& m]ely "s brief heads & ref]5ces4 ,&1 %\ld ! matt] :i* is dictat$ be f "s au?or1 ! labor ( tak+ x d[n is sup]flu\s4 ,! liv+ voice actuates ! m9d m2 x expresses1 x impresses2 x ar\ses1 susp5ds ! att5tion2 x expla9s4 ,all ^! effects are n[h]e 9 a dead-&-alive dictation4 ,nor d !y give satisfaction1 :o app5d ! explanation aft]w>ds2 = !n bo? times seem to be lo/1 t tak5 up ) dictation & t ) ! explanation4 ,fir/1 :ile ! dictation 0 go+ on1 ! auditors 7 int5t ^u writ+ r ?an und]/&+2 p>ticul>ly z1 be=e ! end ( a s5t5ce is come to1 ! beg9n+ ( x has already slipp$ f ! m9d2 & ! writ+ has to g on1 )\t all[+ any ( t "t to brea!1 :i* is frequ5t en\gh if ! ,pr(essor lectures & expla9s4 ,secondly1 :5 ! "t = explanation comes aft] ! dictation1 ! /ud5ts are tir$2 !y ?9k !y h all _! le>n+ n[1 d[n 9 _! pap]s2 s !y g (f1 or !y yawn1 or !y read ov] _! copy1 to see if any?+ is want+4 ,aft] dictat+1 ! ,pr(essor ?9ks t he has n[ done 8 "p4 ,:at foll[s1 t is1 ! "w ( expla9+1 he gulps d[n1 z be/ he c1--a labori\s "w1 requir+ memory1 promptitude1 facility ( developm5t1 flu5cy ( spee*2 :5ce he w gradually vani% away into a non5tity1 z we see actually tak+ place 9 "s univ]sities4 ,m "t is lo/4 ,=1 :ile he goes ov] 8 dictation to expla9 x1 he has to take up aga9 ?+s :i* 7 cle> en\gh1 9 ord] to foll[ out ! :ole ?read ( 8 matt]4 ,if he _h lectur$1 he w\ld h said ^? ?+s once = all4 ,!n1 s9ce x mu/ be some?+ poli%$ & f9i%$ 9 /yle t a man dictates1 ! poor scribes h to take d[n mu* t is n necess>y4 ,z if !y _h we>i$ !mselves ) ?is g5]al assault on dictation1 ! ,fa!rs g on to relieve _! feel+s by exclaim+3 ,:at an am\nt ( t$ium mean:ile to ^? :o are n writ+1 especially to ,prelates & o!r illu/ri\s p]sons pres5t6 ,mu/ !y be told n to come :ile ! dictation is go+ on1 & to appe> only aft]w>ds :5 ! matt] is be+ expla9$8 ,if s1 !y w be 9 att5dance b>ely half an h\r1 & :at !y w he> w be meagre en\gh2 & ! p]son !y li/5 to w be "o accu/om$ to languid dictation1 "o :o relies on 8 pap]s1 & is b little practis$ 9 ! oral developm5t ( 8 ?\ghts4 ,besides1 ! /ud5ts !mselves ought to get accu/om$ to make ?+s _! own :5 !y he> !m1 & to ex]cise _! own judgm5t 9 select+ :at to write4 ,?us !y w und]/& ?+s bett]1 & be kept m on ! al]t4 ,n to disguise inconv5i5ces1 f :atev] side !y come1 ^! critics take note ( ! difficulties :i* are ?\ght to exi/2 t1 unless ! matt] is dictat$1 ! /ud5ts _c d ju/ice to x1 t ! lectur] is too quick1 or1 out ( ! _m ?+s he says1 !y d n "k h[ to select ! necess>y elem5ts = annotation2 &1 :ile phrase is pil$ ^u phrase1 !y are at a loss1 _! notes are disord]$1 inept1 & sometimes simply wrong4 ,to ?is ! critics promptly make answ]3 ,^? :o are to lecture 9 future are ei!r su* z are n[ beg9n+ _! c>e] ( ,pr(essor%ip1 or su* z are long accu/om$ to dictation4 ,= ^? :o are n[ beg9n+1 previ\s ex]cise is to be recomm5d$ 9 ! mo/ approv$ =m ( lecture1 or prlectio4 ,& !y sket* ! =m4 ,z to ! o!rs :o are long habituat$ to dictat+1 ! critics ask su* ,pr(essors to give ?is =m ( lectur+ ! b5efit ( a trial4 ,if !y despair ( be+ able to adopt x1 let !m g _! own way1 until ano!r g5]ation ( ,pr(essors is ready to take _! places4 ,dictation c also be p]mitt$1 :]e our ,pr(essors h (t5 tri$ to give x up1 b ) ! consequ5ce t ! /ud5ts took fright1 & ab&on$ ! classes4 ,yet1 cont9ue ! ,fa!rs1 !y w\ld n be apt to ab&on ! c\rses1 nor compla9 s mu*1 if all ! ,pr(essors w\ld devote !mselves to brilliant lectur+1#bfh & w\ld put away dictation4 ,=1 if "o dictates & nurses ! lazy folks1 & ano!r does n1 :o d\bts b t slo? w /ill be de>] to ! slo?ful ?an ! labors & ?orns ( /udy8 ,yea1 by dictation !y are made daily m & m lazy1 s z to be always ask+ = m & m "t2 :]eas1 )\t dictation1 !y become daily m prompt1 & ne$ less "t = ev]y?+4#bfi ,! f9al ,ratio ( #aeii embodies ^! sugge/ions1 )\t be+ absolute 9 exclud+ all dictation1 = :i* x sugge/s ! =m mo/ useful & 9 accord ) ! _s ( true lectur+4 ,x deprecates ! dictation ( :at may be f\nd 9 au?ors )9 rea* ( ! /ud5ts4 ,let ! ,pr(essor ref] 8 he>]s to ^? au?ors :o h be5 copi\s & accurate 9 _! treatm5t ( any matt]4 ,z to :at ! critics ( #aehf recomm5d1 t1 if dictation be giv51 ! lecture %\ld ext5d to five qu>t]s ( an h\r1 ! ,ratio says no?+ ab\t x4#bgj ,possev9o1 9 8 ,biblio!ca ,selecta1 has a *apt] on ?is "q1 ,:e!r m5tal culture suff]s by ! dictation ( lectures8 ,he answ]s 9 ! affirmative1 & he speaks on ! subject ) 8 usual erudition4 ,he ref]s to ! ,py?agorean ac\/ic disciples1 :o 7 nev] copyi/s1 & n ev5 talk]s1 until1 by a prolong$ sil5ce = ye>s1 !y _h ?\ght en\gh to be able to talk well1 to put que/ions1 & make comm5ts4 ,he quotes ! cynicism ( ,diog5es1 ab\t writ+ at ! exp5se ( true ex]cise4 ,he notes ! plan ( ,x5iades ! ,cor9?ian1 :o gave a writt5 comp5dium to ! "y p1 b "o s %ort t !y _h to h ! be/ "p ( _! le>n+ 9 _! heads4 ,! ,socratic me?od 0 em95tly "o ( liv+ spee*4 ,&1 z to ,ari/otle's p]ipatetic s*ool1 :i* 0 conduct$ :ile walk+ ab\t ! ,lyceum1 t 0 c]ta9ly nei!r 9 practice nor 9 pr9ciple favorable to writ+4 ,com+ to speak expressly ( dictation & cit+ a pleasant old rhyme3-- ,quod si *>ta cadat1 secum sapi5tia vadat1#bga ,possev9o goes on to plead = ! *e/s ( ! /ud5ts1 & says t ! ink is ! price ( _! blood1 & ! end ( _! /udies becomes ! end ( _! lives4 ,h5ce "o s+ul> result ( x all is1 t s*ol>s ev5 employ amanu5ses to g to s*ool in/ead ( !mselves1 & br+ back 9 writ+ :at 0 said4 ,b all t money1 says ,possev9o1 c\ld h be5 res]v$ = ! buy+ ( books1 to supplem5t real /udy4 ,!n he en=ces :at he has said ) a piece ( univ]sity hi/ory1 :]e9 p]haps no "o ( 8 "t 0 bett] v]s$4 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 two & a half c5turies be=e1 _h legislat$ aga9/ dictat+1 & aga9/ ! ,doctors :o us$ x1 & :o 7 dubb$ ,nom9atores ad p5nam4 ,"o c5tury be=e1 ! ,c>d9al ,legate _h aga9 =mulat$ a law on ! subject4 ,& f9ally ! ,jesuits1 ( :om a great numb] are *iefly engag$ 9 ?is pr(ession1 taught by exp]i5ce ! evils ( t sy/em1 h long und]/ood ! necessity1 n m]ely ( mod]at+ x1 b simply do+ away ) x4 ,:]e=e ! ,fa!rs 9 ! univ]sities ( ,portugal h already publi%$ a "p ( ,natural ,philosophy1 :]eby writ+ is disp5s$ )1 room is left = quick5+ g5ius1 & mu* mat]ial /or$ up to br+ into ! ar5a ( discussion4#bgb ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,=mation ,,( ,,! ,,s*ol>4 ,,symmetry ,,( ,,! ,,c\rses4 ,,! ,,prelection4 ,,books4 ,:at is develop$ to p]fection c make o!r ?+s l unto itself2 x is prolific4 ,s ! ,ari/otelian pr9ciple has x3 ,p]fectum e/1 quod g5]at simile sibi4 ,?is is ! outcome & te/ ( p]fection4 ,hav+ foll[$ ! ,ma/]1 !re=e1 till he 0 complete 9 8 own =mation1 we h n[ turn$ to look 9 ano!r direction1 & see him react+ ^u ^? :om he is to =m4 ,?\gh mu* has be5 said already implicitly or o!rwise1 on ! me?od & pr9ciples ( ?is reactive process1 yet some?+ rema9s1 especially ) reg>d to ! l[] faculties1 ! lit]>y c\rses4 ,9 ?is *apt]1 we may consid] ! attitude :i* ! ,pr(essors take1 s+ly & z a body1 t[>ds ! /ud5ts & t[>ds _! own c\rses2 & !n _! *ief mann] ( imp>t+ k1 or :at is call$ 9 ! ,ratio ! prlectio4 ,9 ! next *apt] we c survey ! pr9cipal class ex]cises1 & ! me?od ( s*ool managem5t1 ?r\gh\t ! l[] grades4 ,&1 9 ! *apt] aft] t1 ,i %all sket* ! sy/em ( grades f ! l[e/ to ! highe/4 #a4 ,"o ( ! fir/ mo/ g5]al rules lays x d[n t ! au?ority1 9 ^: h&s is ! appo9tm5t ( ,pr(essors1 %\ld =esee f> ahead :at ,pr(essors he c h = e faculty1 not+ especially ^? :o seem to be m adapt$ = ! "w1 :o are le>n$1 dilig5t1 & assidu\s1 & :o are zeal\s = ! advancem5t ( _! /ud5ts1 z well 9 _! lectures 7or lessons7 z 9 o!r lit]>y ex]cises4#bgc ,!y are to procure ! advancem5t ( ea* ( _! s*ol>s 9 p>ticul>1 says ,ignatius4#bgd ,! ,pr(essor is n to %[ himself m famili> ) "o /ud5t ?an ) ano!r2 he is to disreg>d no "o1 to fo/] ! /udies ( ! poor equally ) ! ri*4#bge ,^! are ! regul> & ord9>y ,pr(essors1 :o take acc\nt ( _! /ud5ts 9 p>ticul>4#bgf ,!re c also be 9 a univ]sity "o or m ( ano!r k9d1 :o1 ) m solemnity ?an ! ord9>y lectur]s1 treat ,philosophy1 ,ma!matical ,sci5ces1 or any o!r bran*1 aft] ! mann] ( public ,pr(essors4#bgg ,9 ! l[]1 or lit]>y c\rses ! ,ma/]s mu/ be good & skill$1 :o s]i\sly1 & ) all ! att5tion ( _! m9d1 "w = ! advancem5t ( _! s*ol>s1 z well 9 :at conc]ns le>n+1 z 9 ! matt] ( morals4 ,!y w h to take c>e t besides ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e1 :i* is s integral a "p ( our ,in/itute1 !y also give frequ5t exhortations1 suit$ to ! capacity ( ! boys1 & n devis$ = empty o/5tation2 let !m endeavor to in/il solid affections ( piety & love = ! ?+s ( ,god1 & a hatr$ = s94#bgh ,:at is meant by good & skill$ ,ma/]s 9 ^! c\rses1 we h already se5 f ,j\vancy's sket* ( ! accompli%m5ts prop] to a tea*] ( ,lit]ature4#bgi ,if any?+ rema9$ to be said on ?is topic1 x w\ld only be to note & reject false /&>ds1 by :i* ! position or effici5cy ( ,pr(essors might possibly1 b incorrectly1 be measur$4 ,?us1 "s five ye>s ago1 t is to say1 ?ree hundr$ ye>s lat] ?an ! draw+ up ( ! ,ratio1 ,i f9d two su* false /&>ds di/9ctly repudiat$2 "o is ! idea ( ga!r+ 9 j en\gh ( doctr9e be=eh& to be able1 :5 occasion calls = x1 to develop ! atta9m5ts ( a ,pr(essor2 ano!r is t :i* w\ld look only to ! environm5t ar\nd1 & w\ld measure ! intellectual =mation ( m51 & ! supply ( le>n+1 by ! e/imate commonly =m$ ( ! article1 & ! actual dem& = x4 #b4 ,if we reg>d n individual ,pr(essors1 b ! :ole moral body or faculty ( !m1 !re are two *>act]i/ics :i* x may be difficult to f9d1 or at lea/ to ensure1 outside ( an organization su* z ! ,society ( ,jesus4 ,"o is ! v /rict unity ( educational matt] pres5t$ to ! /udi\s _w4 ,! o!r is ! degree ( cord9ation & subord9ation ( c\rses pr(ess$4 ,a ^w ^u ea*4 ,! unity ( matt] 9 "q1 z design$ = ! purposes ( education1 is prescrib$ on ! /r5g? ( a d\ble maxim2 fir/1 t ! sift+ ( _m op9ions1 by ! v>i$ & multipli$ activity ( _m m9ds1 leaves a residue ( matt]1 q solid en\gh to support a compact & reliable sy/em ( tea*+2 secondly1 t1 9 po9t ( fact1 su* matt]1 :i* ,i h call$ a residue1 is no?+ else ?an ! basis ( tru?1 div9e & et]nal2 s9ce1 9 cle>+ away ! gr\nd1 all ! crit]ia ( ea* ord]1 ! natural & sup]natural1 h be5 fai?fully & assidu\sly reg>d$4 ,h]eupon1 intellectual concord is felt to be ! result 9 ! entire tea*+ body4 ,( ?is concord ! critics say1 t x is ! condition & cause ( a wid] & pr(\nd] le>n+ 9 ! faculties at l>ge4 ,ea* ,pr(essor is engag$1 n 9 till+ "s pat* ( 8 own1 b 9 contribut+ 8 indu/ry to ! g5]al field ( all4 ,:]e is ! ga91 !y ask1 if :at "o e/abli%es1 ano!r upsets1 n z if he _h always excogitat$ some?+ bett]1 b = fe> he %\ld be ?\ght to pr(it by ! fruits ( ano!r's g5ius8 ,sometimes x really makes no diff]5ce :e!r "o or o!r t5et is held2 b1 if we are b5t on receiv+ no support f ano!r1 !n1 = all our labor1 we get no o!r fruit b diss5sion4#bhj ,i presume !re is n a univ]sity any:]e b w be> witness1 by its int]nal hi/ory1 to ! ju/ice ( ?is rem>k4 ,nor d ^! ,fa!rs appreh5d t reputation = real sci5ce w suff] by su* concord1 s9ce reputation = sci5ce does n come f op9ions contradict+ "o ano!r1 b f _! hav+ agre$4 ,!y express no l(ty e/eem = ! notoriety :i* may be _h1 by fight+ no less ) fri5ds ?an ) foes1 & res]v+ admiration = only :at is at a respectable di/ance1 & turn+ up "o's nose at :at is ne>4#bha ,?is pung5t rem>k seems to be a new & p$agogical application ( ! old prov]b1 ,nihil vic9ia mole/ius1 ,no?+ m annoy+ ?an "o's neighbors6 ,!y hold t1 ^u a basis ( concord1 !re is always room & lib]ty = ! ex]cise ( tal5t2 fir/1 9 ^? que/ions :i* are manife/ly indiff]5t2 secondly1 9 ?9k+ out new di/9ctions & reasons1 :]eby tru?s already c]ta9 may be made m secure /ill2 ?irdly1 9 attack+ ! same1 ei!r :5 publicly disput+1 or also :5 actually tea*+1 if :at !y acutely urge aga9/ a position1 !y m acutely refute2 f\r?ly1 9 propos+ new op9ions & que/ions1 b aft] !y h s\ght ! approval ( ! responsible au?orities1 le/ ! labor be sp5t amiss4 ,! mo/ le>n$ m5 h always be5 p]suad$ t !re is m subtlety %[n1 m applause m]it$ & com=t enjoy$1 9 pursu+ ! l9es ( approv$ & receiv$ ?\ght1 ?an 9 a g5]al lic5se & novelty ( op9ion4#bhb ,b ^! critics ?r[ out an idea ( !irs1 :i* q possibly w n meet ) univ]sal acceptance4 ,!y say1 ,x is n e "o :o c build up a ,!ology = himself4 ,! rem>k !y add is graceful1 t a mode/ g5ius does n c\rt e k9d ( lib]ty1 b t :i* is n divorc$ f virtue4 ,^! pr9ciples expla9 = u ! unity ( educational matt]1 z pres5t$ to ! /udi\s _w4 ,! same m>%all+ & husb&+ ( =ce1 :i* effectuates ?is result1 op]ates ano!r1 ak9 to ! =m]4 ,x is ! mo/ def9ite cord9ation & subord9ation ( c\rses1 ) a mutual und]/&+ betwe5 ,pr(essors & faculties4 ,:]e grades exi/1 ei!r 9 _! p]fect =m1 z 9 ! five /ages ( ! classical or lit]>y c\rse1 or 9 a %ape approximat+ to t1 z 9 ! ?ree /ages ( ! philosophical tri5nium1 su* subord9ation is easily secur$4 ,b1 also1 else:]e ! conditions ( p]fectly def9ite outl9es are laid d[n = c\rses1 :i* h any po9ts ( mutual contact4 ,?is may be illu/rat$ by "s rules ( ! ,ratio4 ,! two ,pr(essors ( ,dogmatic ,!ology are to consid] !mselves disp5s$ f comm5t+ on que/ions prop] to ,sacr$ ,scripture1 f treat+ philosophical matt]s1 f evolv+ cases ( ,moral ,!ology4 ,! ,pr(essor ( ,moral ,!ology is to despat* ) ! briefe/ def9itions ! matt] :i* belongs to dogma4 ,! ,pr(essor ( ,holy ,scripture is desir$ n to g at l5g? into po9ts ( controv]t$ ,!ology4 ,! ,pr(essor ( ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory ne$ n treat canons or dogma4 ,! ,pr(essor ( ,canon ,law w n t\* ,!ology or ,public ,"r1 any m ?an 8 "t p]mits1 & ! necess>y und]/&+ ( ,canon ,law requires4 ,! same res]ve is practis$ betwe5 ,!ology 9 g5]al1 & ,philosophy4 ,?us a ,pr(essor ( ,moral ,!ology despat*es p]haps 9 t5 m9utes ! def9ition ( ,natural ,law1 ^u :i* he kn[s two days are sp5t by ! ,pr(essor ( ,moral ,philosophy4 ,half a c5tury lat]1 ?is "q ( cord9ation receiv$ a /ill full] treatm5t at ! h&s ( ! ,g5]al ,francis ,piccolom9i4 ,aft] requir+ t philosoph]s & !ologians alike f9i% consci5ti\sly all ! matt] assign$ = ea* ye>1 he w n all[ t ! example ( au?ors :o h mix$ up subjects1 or h foll[$ out _! que/ions into m]e m9uti1 c be cit$ z ( any weight ) our ,pr(essors4 ,=1 :atev] is to be ?\ght ( !m1 ?is me?od is n opportune = practical tea*+ 9 ! s*ools4 ,! ,g5]al sc\ts ! idea ( explor+ ! treasure-h\se ( possibilities1 to f9d out new que/ions2 = !re is reason to fe> t :ile folks se>* ab\t = tru?s n asc]ta9$1 !y w cat* at *im]as & %ad[s4#bhc ,h5ce1 z ! ,ratio prescribes1 op9ions :i* are useless1 obsolete1 absurd1 manife/ly false1 are n to receive treatm5t4 ,! ,pr(essors are to run rapidly ?r\gh que/ions :i* are easy4 ,9 ,holy ,scripture1 difficult passages are n to be dwelt on indef9itely1 nor too mu* "t to be giv5 to *ronological computations1 or topological surveys ( ! ,holy ,l&4 ,9 fac+ ! objection1 t all ?is entails a great exp5diture ( ?\ght & matt]1 :5 ,pr(essors mu/ despat* 9 su* %ort c\rses :at might well be treat$ 9 long] t]ms1 ! prelim9>y ,ratio draws a %>p l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 o!r univ]sities & ^? conduct$ by ,jesuits4 ,:atev] is ! cu/om 9 o!r univ]sities1 our me?od is v diff]5t f !irs1 s t no less progress c be made 9 our s*ools dur+ f\r ye>s1 ?an 9 o!rs dur+ five2 because our ,pr(essors are = ! mo/ "p m labori\s2 we h m num]\s ex]cises2 our ,society1 z /&+ 9 ne$ ( _m workm51 requires t p]fection ( sci5ce :i* is necess>y = its m51 n t otiose me?od ( o!rs1 :o1 hav+ no motive ( ?is k9d to make !m exp$iti\s1 divide up into _m lectures :at c\ld well be treat$ 9 few]2 _! vacations too are = ! mo/ "p long] & m frequ5t4#bhd ,ex ungue leonem1 ,y c tell a lion by 8 paw4 ,let x appe> t ! brevity :i* y /udy is necessitat$ by y\r limits ( "t2 let disc]nm5t be conspicu\s 9 y\r selection ( matt]1 :e!r to treat summ>ily or to treat copi\sly2 let ! alt]nate c\rses supplem5t "o ano!r1 s t :at _h to be skimm$ ov] 9 "o quadri5nium is dilat$ ^u m at l>ge 9 y\r next2 !n1 say ! ,fa!rs1 ! au?ority :i* ! ,pr(essors enjoy ) ecclesia/ical dignit>ies w n suff] ! detrim5t anticipat$ by "s1 :5 we give cond5s$ & accurate treatm5t 9 a %ort] "t ( :at is usually spread out ?r\gh a long]4#bhe ,! paw %[s ! lion4 #c4 ,we may proce$ n[ to ! typical =m ( ,jesuit in/ruction4 ,x is call$ prlectio4 ,?is ^w is l>gely ! equival5t ( lectur+1 9 ! high] faculties2 ( explanation1 9 ! l[]4 ,9 ei!r case1 h[ev]1 x is some?+ specific4 ,= ?is reason1 & because ,i %all h to use ! ^w (t51 ,i may be all[$ to put x 9 an ,engli% dress1 & speak ( prelection4 ,its =m1 z a lecture 9 ! high] faculties1 is conceiv$ ?us3 ,! :ole proposition1 :i* is advanc$1 is to be deliv]$ consecutively1 )\t int]pos+ any /oppages4 ,!n x %\ld be repeat$ 9 ! same words2 & ?is w be tak5 by ! /ud5ts z a sign t x is to be writt5 d[n2 & ! deliv]y ( x %\ld be m>k$ by su* inflections1 & proce$ at su* a pace1 especially 9 its obscure & f9] po9ts1 t ! /ud5ts may readily di/+ui% betwe5 :at is to be writt5 & :at is n4 ,n[1 :ile ! proposition is ?us be+ tak5 d[n1 ! lectur] ought n to advance new ideas1 b %\ld dally ) ! same1 ei!r expla9+ x 9 m phrases or cle>] ones1 or adduc+ an example or similitude1 or amplify+ ! topic1 or draw+ out ! same logical sequ5ce 9 ano!r ord]1 s z to make x /& out m di/9ctly1 or ?r[+ out a reason or two1 :i*1 h[ev]1 x is n necess>y = !m to note4 ,inde$1 if ! ,pr(essor br+s 8 own pap]s into ! s*ool1 he might h 9 !m "s select phrases1 brief b n obscure1 9 :i* he sums up 9 few words ! gi/ ( ! propositions4 ,long] developm5t !y w receive only 9 ! explanation1 :i* is !n to be giv54#bhf ,9 t1 ! ,pr(essor w endeavor to prove 8 !sis1 n s mu* by ! numb] ( argum5ts1 z by _! weight4 ,he %\ld n be excessive 9 adduc+ au?orities4 ,& x belongs to 8 dignity1 z a ,ma/]1 sc>cely ev] to quote an au?or :om he has n himself read4#bhg ,9 ! grade ( ,rhetoric1 :i* is ! highe/ ( ! lit]>y or classical c\rse1 ! prelection is d\ble2 "o is ^u ! art ( eloqu5ce1 :]e9 precepts are expla9$2 ! o!r is ^u an au?or1 & has = its object ! developm5t ( /yle4 ,tak+ up an au?or su* z ,cic]o1 ! ,pr(essor w1 9 ! fir/ place1 make cle> ! s5se ( ! passage4 ,secondly1 ! arti/ic /ructure is to be analyz$ & demon/rat$3 ! ,ratio "h details ! elem5ts ( ?is analysis4 ,?irdly1 o!r passages :i* are simil> 9 ?\ght or expression are to be adduc$2 o!r orators & poets1 :e!r 9 ! classics or 9 ! v]nacul>1 are to be cit$ z employ+ ! same pr9ciples ( art1 9 p]suad+ or n>rat+4 ,f\r?ly1 if ! matt] all[s ( x1 ! ?\ghts express$ by ! au?or are to be confirm$ by :at wise m5 h said on ! same subject4 ,fif?ly1 :atev] else w conduce to ornam5t+ ! passage is "h 9 place1 f hi/ory1 my?ology1 erudition ( e k9d4 ,f9ally1 ! words are to be weigh$ s+ly2 _! propriety ( use1 _! beauty1 v>iety1 rhy?m to be comm5t$ ^u4 ,! :ole ( ?is treatm5t1 h[ev]1 does n come )9 ! limits ( ea* & e lesson4#bhh ,! erudition = ?is grade is def9$ to comprise ! hi/ory & mann]s ( nations1 ! au?ority ( v>i\s writ]s1 & all le>n+1 b sp>+ly1 to suit ! capacity ( ! s*ol>s4#bhi ,! prelection on ! precepts or rules1 ! p[] ( :i*1 says ! ,ratio1 is v great = ! purposes ( oratory1 comprises six po9ts4 ,cic]o is ! rhetorician :o supplies ! precepts2 b ,qu9tilian & ,ari/otle may also be us$4 ,fir/1 ! mean+ ( ! rule is to be expla9$4 ,secondly1 ^u ! same rule1 ! rhetoricians are to be collat$4 ,?irdly1 "s reason = ! rule is to be exp\nd$4 ,f\r?ly1 "s /rik+ passages f prose writ]s1 & also f poets1 are to be adduc$ 9 exemplification ( ! rule4 ,fif?ly1 if any?+ 9 ! way ( v>i$ erudition makes to ! purpose1 x is to be add$4 ,la/ly1 an indication %\ld be giv5 h[ ?is pr9ciple ( art c be turn$ to use by ourselves2 ! /yle 9 :i* ?is is done mu/ be m>k$ by ! mo/ absolute *oice & f9i% ( diction possible4#bij ,9 ! grade ( ,humanity1 :i* is imm$iately bel[ ,rhetoric1 ! prelection is to be lightly adorn$ f "t to "t ) ! ornam5ts ( erudition1 z f> z ! passage requires4 ,! ,ma/] %\ld r expatiate to ! fulle/ ext5t ^u ! g5ius ( ! ,lat9 tongue1 on ! =ce & etymology ( words z %[n by approv$ au?ors1 on ! use & v>iety ( phrases1 ) a view to imitation4 ,"h1 z 9 o!r rules ( ?is k9d1 we may notice ! degree ( progress made 9 ! native tongues dur+ two c5turies & a half4 ,:ile ! ,ratio ( #aeii adds ^! words3 ,nor let him ?9k x out ( 8 way to br+ =w>d some?+ f ! v]nacul>1 if x pres5ts any?+ specially idiomatic = r5d]+ ! idea1 or (f]s "s rem>kable con/ruction2 ! revis$ ,ratio ( #ahcb sub/itutes ^! words3 ,let him expatiate on a comp>ison betwe5 ! g5ius ( bo? tongues1 ) a view to imitation4 ,:5 he is expla9+ a prose au?or1 he %\ld inve/igate ! precepts ( art1 z exemplifi$ !re94 ,la/ly1 if he ?9ks fit1 he c give a v]sion1 b a mo/ elegant "o1 ( ! :ole passage into ! "m tongue4#bia ,greek has its own =m ( prelection4 ,z to ! prose writ] j m5tion$1 ! mann] ( treat+ an hi/orical writ] 9 ,humanity1 :i* is o!rwise call$ ! class ( ,poetry1 w s]ve by ! way to illu/rate ! diff]5ce betwe5 :at is recogniz$ z ! /aple ( /udies 9 a class1 & :at comes 9 z subsidi>y--a mo/ ess5tial di/9ction1 *>act]iz+ ?is sy/em ( lit]>y tea*+4 ,! critics ( #aehf adv]t to x cle>ly4 ,aft] %[+ ! importance ( includ+ ! /udy ( hi/orians 9 ! c\rse ( ,poetry1 !y say3 ,?is w n be too on]\s to ! ,preceptor2 = ! /yle ( hi/ory is pla9] & m lucid1 s z n to ne$ great /udy2 & x w\ld be en\gh to expla9 ! c\rse ( ev5ts1 z !y are n>rat$ by ! au?or1 s t he ne$ n consult o!r au?ors :o h writt5 on ! same matt]4 ,! prelection ( ! hi/orian ought to be easy2 aft] r5d]+ a s5t5ce ( ! au?or1 ! words may be lightly comm5t$ ^u1 & only su* z h "s obscurity hang+ ab\t !m4 ,! hi/orians ( :om !re is "q "h1 are ,cs>1 ,sallu/1 ,q4 ,curtius1 ,ju/91 ,tacitus1 ,livy4#bib ,9 bo? classes ( ,rhetoric & ,humanities1 n ev]y?+ indiscrim9ately is to be dictat$ & tak5 d[n1 b only c]ta9 int]pretations ( difficult passages1 :i* are n readily obvi\s to e "o1 or :i* ! ,ma/] has elaborat$ z ! outcome ( 8 p]sonal /udy2 besides1 "s r /rik+ rem>ks on v>i\s passages ( ! au?or "u exam9ation1 su* annotations z ! comm5tators give1 :o edit books ( v>i\s read+s4 ,?is w befit ! ,ma/]'s dignity1 & w be useful = ! "y m5 to "k4#bic ,! grades ( ,gramm> h respectively _! own =ms ( prelection1 giv5 9 detail by ! f9al ,ratio4 ,x w be en\gh = u to sket* ! g5]al =m ( ! e>li] critics4#bid ,accord+ z x is a gramm> or an au?or t is be+ expla9$1 a v diff]5t me?od ( prelection is to be foll[$4 ,9 ! gramm>1 we acquire a fund ( precepts2 9 an au?or1 a /ore ( words & phrases4 ,:]e=e1 9 ! books ( gramm>1 ! boys mu/ und]/& p]fectly ! ?+s expla9$2 !y ne$ n att5d scrupul\sly to ! words !re1 ) a view to =m+ /yle4 ,b1 9 ! lett]s ( ,cic]o1 & o!r texts ( ! k9d1 x is n s mu* ! sub/ance ( ! s5t5ces1 z ! words & phrases t are ( *ief consequ5ce2 ! significance & =ce ( 8 ?\ghts are to be res]v$ = ! high] classes1 :5 ! /ud5ts are no long] m]e boys4 ,9 ! classes ( ,gramm> !n1 let ! ,ma/] foll[ ?is me?od ( expla9+ ,cic]o1 or any o!r au?or4 ,fir/1 he w sket*1 9 ! briefe/ way1 ! mean+ ( ! au?or1 & ! connection betwe5 :at has gone be=e & :at is n[ to be expla9$4 ,!n he w give a v]sion ( ! p]iod lit]ally1 pres]v+ to ! utmo/ ! collocation ( words1 z !y /& 9 ! au?or2 & also ! figures employ$4 ,z to ! collocation or arrangem5t ( ! words1 ?is is ( su* consequ5ce t sometimes1 if a s+le ^w is put out ( its place1 ! :ole ?\ght seems to lose its =ce & fall flat4 ,h]e91 too1 is p]ceiv$ t rhy?mic fl[ ( ! /yle1 :i* ( itself1 ev5 if o!r ornam5ts are want+1 pleases ! e> wond]fully & gratifies ! m9d4 ,?irdly1 ! :ole p]iod is to be resolv$ analytically into its /ructural elem5ts1 s t ! boys und]/& di/9ctly :at e ^w gov]ns2 & _! att5tion %\ld be direct$ to "s useful po9ts ( good ,lat9ity4 ,z to ?is /ructural analysis1 ,i may be all[$ ! pass+ rem>k1 :i* is famili> to e judge ( a classical education1 t ! discipl9>y value ( lit]>y /udies rea*es "h its highe/ degree ( m5tal ex]cise2 & t ! two classical tongues1 ,lat9 & ,greek1 are altoge!r em95t z supply+ mat]ials = ?is ex]cise1 9 _! own native /ructure2 :i*1 9 ! ,lat91 is an ar*itectural build1 *>act]i/ic ( ! reason+ ,roman m9d2 &1 9 ! ,greek1 is a subtle delicacy ( conception & trac]y1 reflect+ ! art1 ! grace & v]satility ( ,a!ns & ! ,ionian ,isles4 ,aft] ?is1 ea* ^w is to be exam9$1 z to :at x signifies1 & to :at uses x may be appli$2 ! boy is to und]/&1 z f> z may be1 ! orig9al & prop] idea & =ce ( e ^w1 n m]ely its g5]al significance1 z 9 a %ad[y outl9e2 he %\ld "k1 too1 ! phrases 9 8 native tongue1 :i* correspond ) precision & propriety to ! ,lat94 ,! metaphors & ! figurative use ( words1 especially z f\nd 9 ,cic]o1 are to be expla9$ to ! boys 9 an extremely pla9 mann]1#bie & by examples drawn f ! pla9e/ objects4 ,unless ?is use ( words is und]/ood1 ! true & g5u9e k ( ! tongue is s]i\sly ob/ruct$4 ,!n1 pick+ out ! m elegant turns ( /yle1 ! ,ma/] w dictate !m to ! s*ol>s1 & aft]w>ds require ! use & imitation ( ^! phrases 9 _! !mes4 ,la/ly1 he w g back & translate ! words ( ! au?or ov] aga91 z he did at ! beg9n+2 &1 if ne$ be1 d s a ?ird & a f\r? "t4 ,z to writ+1 dur+ all ?is1 let him =bid !m absolutely to take d[n a s+le lett]1 except :5 told4 ,:at he does dictate to !m1 he is to f9i% )9 ! "t ( ! prelection1 & n prolong ?is "t = ! sake ( ! writ+4 ,x happ5s n[ & !n t1 ) mu* labor1 wa/e ( "t1 & to no good purpose :atev]1 ! boys take d[n1 & pres]ve ) dilig5ce1 a set ( notes :i* h n be5 ?\ght out v judici\sly nor be5 arrang$ v c>efully1--notes simply trivial1 common1 badly pat*$ toge!r1 sometimes worse ?an wor?less2 & ^! notes !y commit to pap]1 9 wret*$ h&writ+1 full ( mi/akes & errors4 ,!re=e1 let ! dictation be only ( a few po9ts1 & ^? extremely select4 ,! ,ma/]s are to be on _! gu>d1 le/ private tutors at ! boys' homes expla9 new lessons to !m4 ,^! tutors h m]ely to repeat ) ! boys :at has be5 he>d 9 class4 ,o!rwise1 ! fruit ( ! good explanation :i* is receiv$ at s*ool is lo/ at home4 ,repetition is n[ 9 ord]4 ,two pr9ciples gov]n ?is ex]cise4 ,fir/1 :at has (t5 be5 repeat$ s9ks deep] into ! m9d4#bif ,secondly1 ! indu/ry ( y\?s flags "u no?+ s mu* z satiety4#big ,z soon1 !re=e1 z ! prelection is ov]1 ! ,pr(essor is to require at once an acc\nt ( all t he has said1 & he is to see t ! :ole l9e ( 8 explanation is foll[$ 9 ! repetition4 ,z if ?is seem$ to imply t only ! be/ s*ol>s 7 to be call$ ^u1 ! critics g on to note t n all ( :at has be5 expla9$ %\ld be repeat$ by "o only1 b t z _m z possible %\ld be practis$ e day4 ,! ,ma/] %\ld n foll[ ! ord] 9 :i* ! boys are seat$1 b take !m "h & !re4 ,h[ev]1 ! fir/ to be call$ on are ^? m advanc$2 !n1 ! dull]1 or p]haps lazi] ones1 & ^! %\ld r be ask$ (t5]1 to be kept up to ! m>k4#bih ,! f9al ,ratio notes t ! daily lesson %\ld n exce$ f\r l9es 9 ! l[e/ class ( ,gramm>2 sev5 9 ,middle ,gramm>4 ,!re is1 z ,i h already obs]v$1 a prelection prop] to grammatical rules2 also to ,greek1 :e!r x be 9 ! gramm> or 9 an au?or4 ,proportion 9 wid? & dep? ( matt] is adju/$ to ea* grade4 ,a c>eful dictation 9 ! v]nacul> is to be giv51 :i*1 :5 r5d]$ into ,lat9 or ,greek1 w exemplify ! precepts expla9$1 or ! use ( ! phrases already dictat$4 ,& "o "p ( ! s*ool ex]cises1 f ! l[e/ class up to ,rhetoric1 is a conc]tatio betwe5 rivals1 :i* is a lively discussion ei!r ^u matt]s expla9$ 9 ! prelections1 or ^u "o ano!r's compositions4 ,9 ?is field ( debate1 z is natural1 ! activity ( ! /ud5ts gr[s1 bo? 9 ! ext5t ( ! field to be cov]$1 & 9 ! dep? ( erudition requir$1 accord+ z ! grades are m\nt$4 ,& x is c>ri$ out ( ! class-room into select societies1 call$ academies1 ! memb]s :]e(1 :e!r gramm>ians or littrateurs1 conduct _! debates1 give _! own prelections or repeat a *oice "o ( _! ,pr(essor's1 aw>d a place 9 ! ar*ives to "s specially m]itori\s production2 & !y conduct all ^! ex]cises 9 exact keep+ ) _! actual prelections & /udies4 ,nor d !y yield an in* 9 gravity or dignity to ! great academy ( !ologians & philosoph]s4#bii ,z to ! native tongue1 "o ( ! e>lie/ sy/ems ( /udies 9 ! ,society1 prior to ! g5]al ,ratio by ab\t =ty ye>s1 lays d[n = ! middle class ( ,gramm>1 t on ,mondays & ,w$nesdays ! boys w receive ! !mes 9 ,bohemian & ,g]man = _! epi/ol>y ex]cises4#cjj ,?is docum5t is probably f ! p5 ( ,pet] ,canisius1 soon aft] ! colleges 7 f\nd$ at ,prague1 ,+ol/adt & ,cologne4 ,9 a directive memorial ( #afjb1 drawn up = ,may5ce by ,fa!r ,f]d9& ,alb]1 a po/script is add$ to ! effect1 ,let ex]cise 9 ! ,g]man tongue be fur!r$4#cja ,j\vancy lays d[n ! practice 9 ?is mann]3 ,aft] ! correction & dictation ( ! writt5 ex]cises1 ! ,lat9 au?or is r5d]$ into ! "m tongue1 or a conc]tatio is held4 ,^! two ex]cises c be held on alt]nate days1 if !re is n en\gh ( "t e day = bo?4 ,9 r5d]+ ! au?or into ! v]nacul>1 y w obs]ve ?ree ?+s3 fir/1 ! idiom ( ! v]nacul>1 & its agreem5t 9 con/ruction ) ! ,lat91 or else its disagreem5t1 s t ! s*ol>s le>n ea* tongue by ! o!r2 secondly1 ! prop] turns & elegance ( ! ,lat9 /yle2 f9ally1 ! ?\ghts ( ! au?or1 z hav+ a moral be>+1 & z calculat$ to =m & m\ld ! judgm5t ( ! boys2 also ! ways ( m51 ! puni%m5ts ( ! wick$1 ! maxims ( sages4 ,"s "p ( an hi/orical au?or %\ld be giv5 sometimes = _! writt5 ex]cise1 to translate into ! "m tongue2 or x may be add$1 z an app5dix1 to a %ort] !me4 ,let ! boys hold a discussion among !mselves ^u ! m]its ( ! translation2 !y c write 9 t n>rative /yle1 to w9 ! be/ places 9 class2 z also1 at ! close ( ! ye>1 = ! premiums4 ,h[ev]1 ! :ole "t ( class is n to be tak5 up by su* translations1 z happ5s sometimes ) neglig5t ,ma/]s1 :o %irk ! labor ( ! prelection1 & ( ! correction ( !mes4 ,:ile ! boys dispute among !mselves on ! precepts ( gramm>1 poetry1 or eloqu5ce1 "o /&s aga9/ _m1 or sev]al aga9/ sev]al4 ,! subject1 "t1 & mann] ( ! conc]tatio is to be def9$ be=eh&2 umpires & judges are to be appo9t$1 prizes = ! victors1 p5alties = ! vanqui%$4 ,! o!rs1 :o are m]ely li/5+ dur+ ! conte/1 w %[ 9 writ+ :at fruit !y h d]iv$ f x1 or w be ask$ que/ions !reupon4#cjb ,9 ! foll[+ article1#cjc ! same writ] gives sev]al specim5s ( a prelection 9 ,cic]o1 ,virgil1 ,phdrus1 z adapt$ to ! diff]5t classes4 ,!y are only passages4 ,! :ole ( ?is sy/em goes by passages1 tak5 consecutively1 until a :ole piece has be5 ma/]$ by ! /ud5ts4 ,= x is 9 ! prior p]fection ( detail t p]fection 9 a l>g] compass is atta9$4 ,& we may also note t x is only 9 ! orig9al productions ( p]fect ,ma/]s 9 /yle1 t detail c ev] be adequately /udi$4 ,! und]/&+ & enjoym5t ( an entire ma/]piece1 tak5 z a :ole1 is by e law ( nature & ( art an easy resultant ( und]/&+ ! p>ts4 ,if any writ]s on p$agogy h ?\ght t no /ud5t c\ld und]/& & take pleasure 9 an orig9al classic1 & !re=e h advocat$ ! read+ ( translations z a means ( receiv+ ! lit]>y impressions1 ,i fe> t we ne$ only po9t to ! /yle ( lit]>y writ+ :i* seems to h result$ f do+ ?+s 9 ?is second-h& fa%ion--if inde$ x is ev5 second-h&4 ,=1 aft] all1 /yle itself nev] appe>s 9 a translation2 only ! ?\ghts are translat$4 ,?\ghts are ! s\l ( /yle2 its expression 0 ! body2 ea* fitt$ ! o!r 9 ! classic orig9al2 &1 9 an em95t mutual fitness1 an em95t /yle 0 be+ /udi$4 ,! be/ translation ( a classic piece has nev] done m ?an produce a b>e equival5t4 ,:]e=e1 if ) ! /rik+ orig9al no ?or\gh "w has be5 done1 x is m ?an probable t1 9 ! results1 no?+ orig9al & /rik+ w ev] be done4 ,?is sy/em ( prelection1 :i* 9 addition to ! p]fection ( its te*nique1 requir$ erudition f e bran* ( le>n+1#cjd made ( ! ,pr(essor any?+ b a te*nical p$agogue4 ,voltaire notic$ x1 speak+ ( 8 own ,pr(essor4 ,no?+ w efface f my he>t1 he wrote to ,pre de la ,t\r1 ,rector ( ! ,collge ,l\is-le-,gr&1 ! memory ( ,fa!r ,pore1 :o is equally de> to all t /udi$ "u him4 ,nev] did man make /udy & virtue m amiable4 ,! h\rs ( 8 lessons 7 delici\s h\rs to u4 ,& ,i %\ld h wi%$ t x 0 ! cu/om at ,p>is1 z x us$ to be at ,a!ns1 t "o1 at any age1 c\ld li/5 to su* lectures4 ,i %\ld (t5 g to he> !m4 ,i h _h ! good =tune to be =m$ by m ?an "o ,jesuit ( ! "* ( ,pre ,pore1 & ,i "k t he has successors wor?y ( him4#cje ,! productions ( su* ,pr(essors repl5i%$ ! lit]ature ( ! classics1 z we may see 9 ! great editions1 or biblio!c classic1 publi%$ dur+ ! pres5t c5tury4 ,fa!r ,de la ,c]da ( ,tol$o1 9 8 ?ree folio volumes on ,virgil1 9 #afag1 gave to lit]ature an encyclopdia ( political & moral obs]vations1 includ+ geography1 hi/ory1 & ! natural sci5ces4#cjf ,8 te*nical "w 0 n inf]ior2 = 8 ,grammatical ,in/itutions became 9 #afac1 by an exclusive privilege1 ! /&>d ( all ! public s*ools 9 ,spa94 ,fa!r ,ni*olas ,abram1 ^: ,epitome ( ,greek ,precepts 9 ,lat9 ,v]se w5t ?r\gh fifty editions 9 tw5ty-two ye>s1 publi%$ 9 #afcb1 :ile ,pr(essor at ! ,college ( ,pont--,m\sson1 two volumes octavo on ,virgil1 :i* 7 !n republi%$ con/antly at ,r\51 ,p>is1 ,t\l\se1 ,poiti]s1 ,lyons1 etc4#cjg ,und]tak+ ! same labor1 9 behalf ( ,cic]o1 he issu$ two volumes folio1 by :i* ,john ,george ,grvius pr(it$ 9 8 edition ( ,cic]o1 ,am/]dam1 #afii2 z well z ! editor ( ,cambridge1 ^: "w appe>$ 9 #afii1 #agaj1 & #agag4cjh ,fa!r ,de la ,rue's 7,c>olus ,ruu7 ,delph9 ,virgil is a famili> "w 9 ,france1 ,holl&1 ,engl&2 s1 too1 ,de ,m]\ville's ,delph9 edition ( ,cic]o1 :i* 0 (t5 reproduc$ at ,cambridge1 ,london1 ,dubl91 etc4 ,! same we see ) reg>d to ,sanadon on ,horace1 ,brumoy's great "w on ! ,greek ,drama1 ,r5 ,rap9's v>i\s critical & poetical works2 & s ( ! re/4 ,( ,pre ,rap9's ?irty-five works1 !re are few :i* 7 n translat$ into v>i\s ,european languages2 & ,ox=d1 ,london1 ,cambridge1 h be5 among ! mo/ active c5tres ( republication1 or translation into ,engli%4#cji #d4 ,?is *apt]1 :i* has ext5d$ beyond ! usual limits1 _c close bett] ?an ) a ^w on books1 a matt] intimately connect$ ) its subject4 ,! ,fa!rs ( #aehf set d[n "s pr9ciples ) reg>d to ! prop] supply & use ( books1 z well z ! expurgation ( ! classical /&>d works2#caj & accord+ly ! ,ratio ( #aeii orda9s t ! /ud5ts are nei!r to be )\t useful books1 nor to ab\nd 9 useless ones4#caa ,a multitude is consid]$ useless1 because x oppresses ! m9d1 & int]f]es ) ! conv5i5t prep>ation ( ! lesson4 ,( books by m rec5t au?ors few are to be all[$1 & ^? v c>efully select$4 ,yet1 a v>iety ( au?ors gives a ri*] ve9 to ! boys1 & makes imitation easi]4#cab ,"h ! ,fa!rs proce$ to give directions = ! composition ( an entirely new k9d ( "w1 :i* w\ld be ( great use 9 ! colleges4 ,x is exactly ! species s well kn[n 9 our days "u ! v>i\s titles ( ,precepts ( ,rhetoric1 ,art ( ,composition1 etc4 ,z ! developm5t ( p$agogical lit]ature1 :i* we took note ( 9 a =m] *apt]1#cac _h already made "s progress1 ! critics say3 ,"s "o mo/ v]s$ 9 all ^! matt]s %\ld be deput$ to ga!r :atev] is be/ 9 ?is l9e1 & to compile 9 "o treatise1 writt5 9 an elegant /yle1 all t he has select$1 ab\t ! art ( writ+ epigrams1 elegies1 odes1 eclogues1 sylv 7t is1 mat]ials1 objects71 com$ies1 trag$ies1 epopoei1 a brief me?od ( *ronology2 expla9+ also :at is ! hi/orical 7or n>rative7 /yle1 ! poetic1 ! epi/ol>y1 ! diff]5t k9ds ( speak+1 & o!r su* matt]s1 all to be illu/rat$ by examples4#cad ,else:]e !y call = a simil> "w ( a high] ord]1 on ! ,art ( ,oratory4 ,! s\rces :i* !y designate = su* a compilation are ! num]\s publications ( our ,pr(essors ( ,rhetoric1 z well on ! art itself1 z on classical orations4#cae ,^! comp5dia1 or text-books1 7 a new idea 9 education4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,classical ,,lit]atures4 ,,s*ool ,,managem5t ,,& ,,control4 ,! subject ( ,lit]>y ,ex]cises & ,s*ool ,managem5t is treat$ 9 su* a mann] by ! critics ( #aehf1 t ju/ice c\ld be done to x1 only by transcrib+1 ^w = ^w1 ! sev]al *apt]s ( ! prelim9>y ,ratio4 ,z t is impossible1 )9 ! limits ( space rema9+1 ,i %all endeavor to trace ! outl9e4 #a4 ,!re is "o fundam5tal po9t1 h[ev]1 :i* %\ld be t\*$ on1 to meet a lat5t qu]y 9 ! m9d4 ,x ref]s to ! k9d ( education project$ ?r\gh\t4 ,x is evid5tly n a special tra9+ :i* is contemplat$2 n ! tra9+ ( speciali/s1 or te*nical /ud5ts4 ,all ?r\gh ! sy/em1 ! field ( p$agogical activity is t ( a g5]al culture2 &1 !re=e1 prop]ly an education4 ,! result aim$ at is a g5]al "o1 t ( develop+ 9 ! "y m9d all fundam5tal qualities2 ( adju/+ x1 by ! e>ly developm5t ( all natural fitnesses1 to any special "w ( ?\ght & labor 9 ! mature life ( ! future4 ,x w\ld lay a solid sub/ructure1 9 ! :ole m9d & "*1 = any sup]/ructure ( sci5ce1 pr(essional & special2 also = ! entire build+ up ( moral life1 civil & religi\s4 ,t su* a g5]al culture %\ld g be=e ! special seems to be obvi\s4 ,to supplant x by ! special1 or ev5 to abridge ! process1 is n only to sacrifice ! g5]al culture2 x has a m s]i\s effect ?an t4 ,by a false economy1 x cramps1 curtails1 & r$uces to ! smalle/ proportions :atev] possibilities exi/$ ( g5]al & special qualifications 9 ! y\?ful m9d4 ,)\t a broad1 radical =mation bel[1 ! amplitude ( organic gr[? above mu/ necess>ily fall %ort2 ! roots und]nea? n hav+ %ot out1 ! developm5t above is want+ 9 vigor1 to ramify accord+ to its environm5t1 & use its opportunities4 ,9 a boy's m9d1 !re is ne$$ a suppl5ess ( g5]al p[]s1 z only ! "y m9d c be made supple1 :ile at ! same "t x is prem95tly apt to be g5]al4 ,x is :at ,s5eca calls curiosum +5ium1 an inquisitive g5ius1 op5 to ev]y?+1 & pry+ to op5 ev]y?+4 ,memory is !n at its fl\ri%+ /age1 ready to be cultivat$ ?r\gh\t ! ext5t ( a pot5tial va/ness1 :i* w nev] aga9 be exp]i5c$ 9 life4 ,if cultivat$ ri*ly 9 its season1 x w be capable aft]w>ds ( e k9d ( ready yield1 accord+ to its acquir$ t5acity1 & accord+ to ! ri*ness ( ! se$ deposit$ 9 x4 ,! imag9ation1 too1 is at ! /age ( impressionable & vital expansion1 & is ke5ly s5sitive to ! lights & %ades ( objective life4 ,^! are ei!r br\ght "u its obs]vation1 or1 bett] /ill1 are pictur$ = x 9 beautiful lit]ature2 s9ce ! f9e fancy ( great m9ds pa9ts nature1 z nature h]self is n f\nd dress$ at e "o's door4 ,! op5+ judgm5t also is receptive ( ! ?\ghts & wisdom1 :i* o!r m9ds h ?\ght out & h&$ d[n1 encas+ x1 z !y did s1 9 a /yle wor?y ( _! own vigor1 & pres5t+ x z ! h]itage ( ! pa/ to ! pres5t1 ( ! wise old age ( ! _w to its y\?1 :i* may be wis] /ill4 ,& ?us 9 ea* individual y\?1 ! judgm5t be+ t5d]ly nurs$1 & le>n+ rip5+ ) age1 :at 0 be=e 9 ! memory passes gradually into ! :ole "* & compet5cy ( ! man4 ,9 ! sy/em :i* we are consid]+1 ! in/rum5t employ$ = work+ ^! effects is a lit]ature 9 ! h&s ( a compet5t tea*]2 x is a great lit]ature1 & a d\ble "o4 ,! great lit]atures ( ,rome & ,greece h always be5 consid]$ adequate in/rum5ts ( univ]sal culture4 ,"u a lit]>y aspect1 ! eloqu5ce & poetry ( ,greece _h be5 ! mi/ress ( ,roman excell5ce4 ,"u a philological aspect1 ! ,lat9 tongue has be5 ! pr9cipal basis ( our mod]n languages1 z =m$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,9 bo? ( !m1 ! v>i$ elem5ts ( ri*e/ ?\ght are br\ght into contact ) ! undevelop$1 b develop+ nature ( ! y\?2 glimpses ( human life1 individual1 social1 & political1 favor 8 inquir+ eyes1 & lead him to feel ! f9e/ spr+s ( human s5tim5t4 ,bett] /ill1 he feels ^! spr+s z t\*$ by ! greate/ ma/]s ( expression2 & he conceives ?\ght z r5d]$ 9 a /yle wor?y ( ! greate/ ?9k]s2 & t1 9 languages1 "o ( !m ! mo/ delicately organiz$1 ! o!r p]haps ! mo/ sy/ematically elaborat$1 ( all tongues liv+ or ext9ct4 ,&1 besides1 ^! two lit]atures come d[n to u1 be>+ 9 _! own "r :at no o!r tongues c convey4 ,n z translations1 :i*1 9 _! be/ =m1 exhibit only a respectable degree ( m5dicancy1 & repres5t o!r m5's liv+ ?\ghts 9 a dec5t misfit1 ^! two lit]atures come d[n to u be>+ 9 _! own "r all ! hi/oric memories ( antiquity1 z well sacr$ z pr(ane2 all ! ma/]pieces ( eloqu5ce & poetry1 belong+ to no less ?an two out ( ! v few great epo*s1 ^? ( ,p]icles & ,augu/us2 all human philosophy1 f ,socrates1 ,plato1 & ,ari/otle1 d[n to ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 &1 fur!r d[n1 to ,leibnitz & ,newton1 bo? ( !m m5 ( classical lett]s2 9 f9e1 all ! traditions1 ! ,fai?1 & ,div9ity ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,to ^! consid]ations we may add "o m *>act]i/ic ( ! classical lit]atures1 z in/rum5ts 9 ! class-room1 & we %all h se5 en\gh on our pres5t topic1 to und]/& ! !ory :i* und]lies ! ,ratio ,/udiorum4 ,^! tongues are dead4 ,!y are n ! language ( common life4 ,!y are n pick$ up by in/9ct1 & )\t reflection4 ,ev]y?+ has to be le>n$ by sy/em1 rule1 & =mula4 ,! relations ( gramm> & logic mu/ be att5d$ to ) delib]ation4 ,?\ght & judgm5t are con/antly ex]cis$ 9 assign+ ! exact equival5ts ( ! "m tongue = e phrase ( ! orig9al4 ,! co9cid5ce ( con/ruction is too little1 ! community ( idiomatic ?\ght too remote1 = ! boy's m9d to cat* at ! idea1 by =ce ( t pre/abli%$ h>mony :i* exi/s among mo/ mod]n tongues4 ,only ! law ( ?\ght & logic guides him1 ) ! assi/ance ( a tea*] to lead ! way1 & reassure 8 /ruggl+ conception4 ,& :51 9 ! la/ in/ance1 ! boy comes to write & to speak ! language s le>n$1 & quick5s x1 ?\gh dead1 ) ! v life ( actual spee* :i* makes mod]n languages live1 we h ! supreme te/ & pro( ( successful toil1 t :i* consi/s 9 ! p[] to reproduce4 ,we h also ! v specific advantage1 9 ?is case1 t ! toil has be5 ( ! mo/ valuable k9d2 x has be5 p]sonal labor1 sp5t 9 ! fre%ness ( life on complete self-culture4 ,= t great law ( all success 9 life1 p]sonal labor1 has be5 honor$ 9 ! mo/ remun]ative way1 by cultivat+ memory1 ex]cis+ judgm5t1 & acquir+ 9 ! same ?\ghtful1 reflective mann] two languages toge!r1 ,lat9 & ! "m tongue1 ,greek & ! "m tongue1 ea* sy/ematically help+ ! o!rs by analogy & contra/4 ,&1 )al1 :at is m cong5ial to ! "y ?an lett]s1 language1 talk8 ,z to ! work+ ( ?is ,jesuit sy/em1 x is v mu* ( a commonplace1 9 p$agogic hi/ory1 t a h&some /yle 0 aim$ at1 & a h&some /yle 0 ! outcome4 ,! ,scotti% ,pr(essor1 :om ,i quot$ on a =m] occasion1 /ates v exactly ! value ( ?is result4 ,speak+ ( ! ,/ructure ( ,s5t5ces1 he says3 ,logic & ,rhetoric h "h1 z 9 _m cases1 a /rict connection2 & he t is le>n+ to arrange 8 s5t5ces ) ord]1 is le>n+ to ?9k ) accuracy & ord]2 an obs]vation :i* alone w\ld ju/ify all ! c>e & att5tion we h be/[$ on ?is subject4#caf ,&1 9 ano!r connection1 he quotes1 ) ! approval :i* x m]its1 ! ,roman rhetorician's say+3 ,curam v]borum1 r]um volo esse sollicitud9em1 ,i w\ld h a suffici5t c>e be giv5 to ! diction1 b ! ?\ghts mu/ be ! object ( scrupul\s att5tion4#cag ,?is latt] pr9ciple1 ( diction fir/ & matt] aft]w>ds1 z translat$ into a process ( educational developm5t1 assigns1 9 ! ,ratio1 five grades1 or sev5 ye>s1 m or less1 to be sp5t on ! acquirem5t ( /yle1 *iefly z to its body1 or1 if y l1 its =m2 !n two great c\rses ( ,sci5ce1 natural & reveal$1 or ,philosophy & ,!ology1 = ! acquirem5t ( ! same /yle1 *iefly z to its s\l1 or1 if y wi% s to call x1 ! sub/ratum ( matt]4 ,f bo? toge!r issues ! ?or\ghly cultur$ man2 z ! well-kn[n phrase has x3 ,le /yle c'e/ l'homme1 ,a /yle is ! man himself4 ,&1 if we h j _h occasion to take notice t two ( ! great lit]>y epo*s ( ! _w's hi/ory1 ^? ( ,p]icles & ,augu/us1 are made pres5t to u by ! classical lit]atures1 x is a subject ( hi/orical v]ification t a ?ird great lit]>y epo*1 ! age ( ,l\is ,,xiv1 0 creat$ "u ! influ5ce ( ?is sy/em4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! critics ( #aehf discuss ! "q ( ,greek %[s ! practical eye !y kept on ! requirem5ts ( actual life1 & ! conditions ( concrete surr\nd+s4#cah ,_! conclusions are embodi$ 9 a rule ( ! ,director or ,prefect ( ,/udies3 ,he %\ld n grant an immunity1 p>ticul>ly = any l5g? ( "t1 f ei!r v]sification or ,greek1 except = a grave reason4#cai ,^u ?is !me !re is a faceti\s t\* 9 ! report ( ! ,upp] ,g]man ,prov9ce1 :i* 0 s5t to ,fa!r ,aquaviva "s ?ree ye>s aft] ! f9al ,ratio 0 publi%$4 ,! deputies say3 ,"s ask = an exemption f ,greek & v]sification1 9 behalf ( ! old] monks & nobles4 ,b z ! rule itself ins9uates t an exception c be made1 = a suffici5tly grave cause1 !re is no ne$ ( a *ange4 ,if we are facile 9 ! matt]1 :e!r ) monks or nobles1 we %all end by elim9at+ ,greek altoge!r4 ,b1 if "o is se5 to be altoge!r inept & incapable1 ! impossibility ( ! ?+ exempts him2 =1 if ,god himself does n enjo9 impossibilities1 :y1 nei!r %\ld we impose ,greek on su* disciples4 ,fa!r ,aquaviva replies1 ,t is correct4#cbj #b4 ,"u ! head ( ,ex]cises1 ! prelim9>y ,ratio treats elaborately & m9utely ! lit]>y direction ( a class4 ,! subjects are or?ography1 & all t p]ta9s to x2 ! prelection1 z expla9$ be=e2 ! repetitions1 daily !mes1 & ! me?od ( daily correction2 ! recitation ( lessons by he>t2 p>s+2 & ! speak+ ( ,lat94 ,j\vancy gives ! ord] ( ! daily class ex]cises4 ,& he makes ?is reflection3 ,few ?+s are to be taught 9 ea* class1 b accurately1 s t !y rema9 9 ! m9ds ( ! boys2 ! tea*] is to rememb] t ^! "y intellects are l vases ) a n>r[ orifice1 :i* wa/e ! liquid1 if x is p\r$ 9 copi\sly1 b take x all1 if x comes 9 by drops4#cba ,!re are1 besides1 a numb] ( aids to ,s*ool ,managem5t4 ,^! are ! division ( ! class into p>ties ( t5 apiece1 or decuri2 ! exposition1 once or twice a mon?1 ( "s passage by a /ud5t1 9 ! pres5ce ( invit$ fri5ds2 conte/s betwe5 rivals or p>ties2 ! deliv]y ( an orig9al piece or else an oratorical conte/1 e week2 ! exhibition or deliv]y ( orig9al poems2 ! annual di/ribution ( premiums2 ! use ( ! /age1 :5 ! boys c produce "s specim5 ( _! /udies1 _! deliv]y & p[]s ( memory4 ,! composition ( ! trag$y & m9or drama devolves1 z we saw be=e1 ^u ! ,pr(essors ( ,rhetoric & ,poetry4 ,a g5]al condition 9 ! managem5t ( a class is absolute sil5ce & att5tion4 ,besides1 x belongs to ! college programme to insure application1 n only 9 s*ool to class ex]cises1 b out ( s*ool to private /udy1 especially :5 holidays int]v5e4 ,! usual weekly relaxations sc>cely rise to ! rank ( holidays4 ,= ! am\nt ( "t to be assign$ 9 private /udy to composition & o!r "w is "p ( ! daily ord]1 :e!r ! /ud5ts be alumni1 day-s*ol>s1 or convictores1 bo>d]s4 ,all mu/ h en\gh to occupy !m1 t ! boys be det]r$ f roam+ ab\t to _! hurt4 ,! same applies to ! ord9>y int]vals betwe5 s*ool h\rs1 p>ticul>ly1 say ! ,fa!rs1 on ! days 9 summ]1 :5 !re is mu* "t 9 ! e>ly aft]noon1 be=e classes are resum$2 & we he> ! c\rt-y>d res\nd+ ) cries & noisy pa/imes1 h\r aft] h\r4#cbb ,boys 7 ! same g5us !n z n[4 ,x took all ! efficacy ( a b5ign firmness to control t elem5t :i* tries ! exp]i5ce ( e age4 ,! ,g]man ,fa!rs draw a graphic picture ( ^! sixte5? c5tury boys4 ,!y are comm5t+ on ! rule :i* requires ! ,prefect ( ,/udies at ! end ( s*ool to be on ! gr\nd & sup]vise4 ,!y write ?us to ,fa!r ,aquaviva3 ,_m object to ?is2 b x seems reasonable4 ,=1 if somebody is n on h&1 "s "o :om ! s*ol>s rev]e1 !n l a h]d1#cbc all 9 a heap1 !y w fill ! :ole place ) _! yells & upro>1 _! tussl+1 laught]1 & jo/l+4 ,n[1 x is necess>y to require ! obs]vance ( decorum on ! "p ( our s*ol>s2 s9ce1 if we leave room any:]e = unmann]l9ess1 x w get at once into ! s*ool-rooms & ru9 ev]y?+4#cbd ,9 ?is s5se1 a c]ta9 small numb] ( rules 9 ! ,ratio1 only fifte5 9 numb]1 & v %ort1 are directly pres5t$ to ! /ud5ts = _! obs]vance4 ,none ( our /ud5ts %all come to college ) arms1 poni>ds1 knives1 or any?+ else t is prohibit$1 accord+ to ! circum/ances ( "t or place4 ,swords & dagg]s 7 "p ( a g5tleman's p]sonal equipm5t 9 ^? times4 ,!y mu/ ab/a9 entirely f swe>+1 injuri\s language or actions1 detraction1 lies1 =bidd5 games1 f places1 too1 t are dang]\s1 or are =bidd5 by ! ,prefect ( ,s*ools2 9 f9e1 f ev]y?+ :i* is adv]se to purity ( morals4 ,o!r rules foll[1 equally radical = ^? times1 & recon/ructive ( education = ! future4#cbe ,=1 9 ^! days ( ours1 we are n accu/om$ to see /ud5ts walk 9 & out ( a lecture room z !y *oose4 ,& _m o!r inconv5i5ces ( ! sixte5? c5tury are n usual ) u4 ,b ! reason is1 t we come ?ree hundr$ ye>s lat] ?an ^? times1 & are enjoy+ ! fruits ( o!r p's labors4 ,an asc5d5cy ( p]sonal tact & address1 conspicu\s 9 ! ,jesuit tea*]s1 is usually comm5t$ ^u & ref]r$ to "s cause or o!r1 9 !mselves or 9 ! g5]al organization ( ! ,society4 ,omitt+ t1 ,i pref] to designate "o secret ( control1 :i* is full ( significance1 ?\gh n s likely to arre/ att5tion4 ,x is an ins5sible me?od ( organization1 mak+ its way among ! y\?s !mselves1 & subs]v+ ! purpose ( g5]al collegiate control4 ,!re 71 9 all1 f\r classes ( auditors1 m+l$ toge!r1 & int]m+l+ _! influ5ces4 ,t ( ! /ronge/ ( c\rse prepond]at$4 ,!re 7 ,jesuits !mselves 9 ! high] c\rses4 ,!re 7 bo>d]s1 convictores1 :o rema9$ = t51 or r elev5 mon?s ( ! ye>1 entirely "u ! control & direction ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,among ^! 7 :ole h\ses ( ,religi\s or ,ecclesia/ics4 ,besides1 !re 7 alumni1 day s*ol>s1 t great body ( /ud5ts orig9ally contemplat$ 9 ! ,con/itution ( ,ignatius4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 ow+ to _! divid$ life1 p>tly at s*ool1 p>tly at home1 7 n f\nd to repres5t1 z a rule1 ! fulle/ effects ( ! education4 ,f9ally1 !re 7 ext]ni1 ext]nal /ud5ts1 su* z n be+ ent]$ on ! books1 /ill att5d$ lectures2 & to ?is category we mu/ ref] su* g5]al ga!r+s z ^? sev]al ?\s& he>]s1 :o 7 9 att5dance = h\rs1 be=e ! "t1 at ,fa!r ,maldonado's lectures 9 ,p>is1 & made him g out into ! op5 air to satisfy all4 ,n[1 besides ! bond ( affection :i* atta*$ s*ol>s to ! ,pr(essors1 !re 0 ano!r bond1 t ( _! "* z ,sodali/s4 ,?is "* d5ot$ memb]%ip 9 ! ,sodality ( ! ,bless$ ,virg9 ,m>y1 a religi\s association :i* is mo/ highly comm5d$ 9 ! ,ratio ,/udiorum1 & :i* ga!r$ into itself all t 0 excell5t 9 ! body ( /ud5ts4 ,! lit]>y & sci5tific academies 7 recruit$ only f ! ,sodality4 ,?us1 by a d\ble process1 an ari/ocracy ( virtue & tal5t 0 creat$ among ! /ud5ts !mselves1 t5d+ n only to ! ma9t5ance ( ord]1 b to ! active developm5t ( all ^? qualities :i* an educational sy/em mo/ desires4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,exam9ations ,,& ,,graduation4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,grades ,,& ,,c\rses4 #a4 ,all exam9ations1 z project$ by ! ,ratio ,/udiorum1 are conduct$ by ^w ( m\?4 ,writ+ ent]s ! exam9ations1 only :5 ! writt5 ^w itself is ! subject ( inve/igation4 ,?us1 9 ! grades ( ! lit]>y c\rse1 ! composition ( ! /ud5t1 f its elem5t>y qualities ( spell+1 punctuation1 gramm>1 up to ! mo/ v>i$ =ms & species ( /yle1 comes "u exam9ation = advanc+ to ! next grade4 ,b ev5 !n1 aft] ea* ( ! ?ree exam9]s has inspect$ c>efully ! writt5 composition1 & consult$ ! ,ma/]'s reports ( ! individual's progress dur+ ! ye>1 !y call 9 ! writ]1 submit 8 pap] to him1 & subject him to an oral inve/igation ^u x4 ,aft] t1 !y proce$ to ! o!r bran*es1 all by ^w ( m\?4 ,9 ! high] c\rses1 :]e /yle is no long] a matt] ( /udy1 writ+ nev] appe>s 9 exam9ations4 ,writt5 diss]tations1 special lectures1 lit]>y pieces ( all k9ds1 compos$ = c]ta9 occasions1 are m]ely a "p !nce=? ( ! ex]cises incid5t to ^? c\rses4 ,to speak "h only ( ,gramm> & ! ,humanities1 ea* new-com]1 on pres5tation ( ! cr$5tials requir$1 is exam9$ by ! ,director or ,prefect ( ,/udies1 :o places him 9 ! class1 & ) ! ,pr(essor1 adapt$ to ! boy's qualifications2 9 su* a mann]1 h[ev]1 t ! "y p]son be r wor?y ( ! class above1 ?an unwor?y ( ! class 9 :i* he is plac$4#cbf ,x is ! rem>k ( ! e>li] critics1 t sev]ity mu/ be practis$ 9 exam9ations1 s9ce x is m injuri\s = boys to asc5d a grade1 :5 n fit1 ?an1 if really fit1 to be kept :]e !y are2 &1 9 addition to t1 if !y are advanc$ :5 n qualifi$1 !y create no slight di/urbance 9 ! upp] class4#cbg ,into ! l[e/ grade1 nei!r y\?s advanc$ 9 age1 nor boys ( v t5d] ye>s1 are to be admitt$4 ,! plea t p>5ts m]ely want ! *ildr5 to be 9 good h&s is n a suffici5t reason = tak+ !m2 ! only exception is = "y boys :o are really f> advanc$ = _! ye>s4 ,^! conditions ( age1 & suffici5t prep>ation = ent]+ ! classical c\rse1 illu/rate v di/9ctly sev]al features ( ! policy :i* ! ,society pursu$4 ,fa!r ,joseph ,calasanzio1 a prie/ ( great zeal1 petition$ ! ,rector ( ! ,roman ,college1 :i* 0 fl\ri%+ ) m ?an two ?\s& /ud5ts1 to op5 "s s*ools = ! unprovid$ *ildr5 ( ,rome4 ,!re is a ,lat9 ^w co9$ f ! fir/ f\r lett]s ( ! alphabet1 = designat+ ?is elem5t>y class ( s*ol>s1 :o are n yet qualifi$ = lit]ature4 ,! ^w is abec$>ii4 ,! t]m is employ$ bo? 9 ! ,con/itution ( ,loyola & 9 ! ,ratio4 ,! ,rector decl9$4 ,fa!r ,joseph appli$ to ! ,g5]al ,claudius ,aquaviva4 ,he too decl9$2 he ref]r$ to ! ,con/itution ( ! ,society1 :i* _h be5 di/9ctly & 9 all its p>ts approv$ by ! ,popes4 ,unable to h 8 idea c>ri$ out by ! ,jesuits1 ,fa!r ,joseph op5$ 8 fir/ ,pi\s ,s*ool 9 ,rome1 :i* 0 soon frequ5t$ by #abjj little boys1 abec$>ii4 ,aft] ! f\nd]'s dea? 9 #afdh1 8 "w spread into ! va/ sy/em ( ,scuole ,pie4 ,9 our times1 ! revis$ ,ratio ( #ahcb recognizes ! elem5t ( ,prep>atory ,dep>tm5ts4 ,x m]ely requires t !y be entirely "u ! same jurisdiction z ! ,college prop]4#cbh ,ano!r feature ( ! policy :i* ^! conditions illu/rate & :i* !y also fur!r1 is t ( _! t5d+ to discrim9ate betwe5 ! "r k9d ( s*ol>s & o!rs1 ^: circum/ances w deb> !m f ev] rea*+ ! ultimate end ( high] culture4 ,:]e circum/ances are n propiti\s1 nei!r is ! culture altoge!r desirable4 ,= :at is m injuri\s to society at l>ge ?an to h "y p hurt 9 two ways1 positively & negatively2 positively1 by plac+ !m 9 a false environm5t ( culture1 :i* _c be !irs 9 future life2 negatively1 by tak+ up ) su* culture all ! "t & labor :i* might usefully be sp5t 9 receiv+ a pla9] education1 & rea* its t]m 9 any commone/ walk ( life8 ,besides1 ! lib]al education itself suff]s prejudice2 = x is mis9t]pret$2 s9ce x comes to be e/imat$ !n by results & by circum/ances :i* d n app]ta9 to x4 ,e sy/em %\ld be set on its own basis1 & be built up subject to its own conditions4 ,! absolut5ess ( ,loyola's ,con/itution ?r\gh\t1 & ( ! ,ratio ,/udiorum 9 p>ticul>1 ?r[s ?is policy into relief at e turn4 ,aft] ! boy's admission into a class1 he advances !nce=w>d1 ei!r ) ! :ole class1 at ! g5]al & solemn promotion e ye>1 or1 if he excels1 z ! reports & ! ,ma/] w det]m9e1 he is n to be deta9$ 9 t grade1 b may asc5d1 at any "t ( ! ye>1 aft] a fitt+ exam9ation4 ,a numb] ( conditions1 h>d to realize1 make ?is special promotion b>ely possible f ! grade ( ,fir/ ,gramm> to ,humanity1 or f ,humanity to ,rhetoric4#cbi ,on ! o!r h&1 if any "o is f\nd to be utt]ly incapable ( ent]+ ! next grade1 no acc\nt is to be tak5 ( any petitions4 #b4 ,9 ! philosophical & !ological c\rses1 bo? ( :i* t]m9ate 9 ! conf]r+ ( degrees1 ! sy/em ( exam9ations = all /ud5ts1 :o are n memb]s ( ! ,society1 ref]s only to ^? degrees1 at ! "t :5 application is made = !m4 ,= ! philosophical degree1 ! fir/ prelim9>y is an h\r's disputation ) ?ree exam9]s1 on ! matt] ( ! :ole c\rse1 & t 9 pres5ce ( ! o!r /ud5ts4 ,! result be+ satisfactory1 p]mission w !n be grant$ to prep>e = a public def5ce ( all ,philosophy4 ,?is is ! me?od = ! solemn =m ( graduation1 :i*1 9 ! old /yle1 conf]s ^u ! successful /ud5t1 aft] ?ree ye>s ( ,natural ,sci5ces1 or ,philosophy1 ! title ( ,ma/] ( ,arts4 ,at ?is po9t />t ! ?ree pr(essional l9es ( ,m$ic9e1 ,jurisprud5ce1 ,!ology4 ,! la/-nam$ faculty ends 9 mu* ! same mann] z t ( ,philosophy1 b ) a mu* great] amplitude ( public acts or def5ce1 & !n f9ally ) a def5ce ( all ,philosophy & ,!ology toge!r4 ,?is entitles ! def5dant to ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,div9ity1 :i* is conf]r$ 9 ! mo/ solemn mann]4 ,!re is a p$agogical hi/ory connect$ ) ! pres5t subject1 :i* x may be well to sket* 9 two /ages1 fir/1 t ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & secondly1 t ( ! n9ete5?4 ,ignatius ( ,loyola _h legislat$ 9 8 ,con/itution to ?is effect3 ,9 ! /udy ( ,arts1 c\rses %all be arrang$ 9 :i* ! ,natural ,sci5ces %all be taught2 &1 = ^!1 less ?an ?ree ye>s w n suffice2 besides :i*1 ano!r half-ye> %all be assign$ ! /ud5ts1 = repeat+ ! matt]s !y h he>d1 = hold+ public acts ( def5ce1 & = receiv+ ! degree ( ,ma/]4 ,! :ole c\rse1 !re=e1 %all be ?ree ye>s & a half1 up to ! reception ( ! degree4#ccj ,aga91 ,ignatius _h legislat$ = ,div9ity3 ,! c\rse ( ,!ology %all be six ye>s 9 l5g?2 all ! matt]s t h to be read w be treat$ 9 ! fir/ f\r2 9 ! o!r two1 besides mak+ a repetition1 ^? :o are to be promot$ to ! degree ( ,doctor w make ! usual acts ( def5ce4#cca ,hav+ ?is legislation be=e !m1 ) ! exp]i5ce ( =ty ye>s to illu/rate its work+1 ! critics ( #aehf are confront$1 at ! same "t1 ) a set ( hi/orical facts1 :i* seem n to be 9 h>mony ) ! legislation4 ,:ile ,loyola's sy/em 0 obvi\sly ! organization ( education1 ! facts1 :i* !y notice1 %[ a concomitant process go+ on1 9 an inv]se s5se1 t[>ds ! dissolution ( sy/em4 ,?is1 no d\bt1 0 ow+ to ! di/urb$ condition ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,mak+ an ef=t to br+ ! ,ratio & ! facts m into h>mony1 ! critics reason 9 ?is mann]3-- ,x is h>d to expect ev]y:]e t ext]nal /ud5ts w be cont5t to hold _! acts ( public def5ce1 only aft] _! c\rse ( ,philosophy or ,!ology2 & t1 dur+ ! half-ye>1 or ! two ye>s specifi$ beyond4 ,=1 9 ,italy1 sc>cely any are promot$ to ! degrees by our faculties1 except our own alumni1 or convictores1 :o _c wait s long z t 9 expectancy1 & :o w readily slip away to ,m$ic9e or ,jurisprud5ce2 nay1 !y are ali5at$ f u1 & are (f5d$ at ?is sev]ity1 see+ t1 9 ! o!r univ]sities ( ,italy1 !y c mo/ easily obta9 ! degree if !y want x4 ,9 ,g]many1 too1 su* int]vals ( protract$ wait+ are sc>cely tol]at$2 & !y r ?9k !y h done some?+1 if !y h gone ?r\gh a f\r-ye> c\rse 9 ,!ology4 ,& x w\ld seem prop] to grant !m a relaxation !re2 o!rwise1 ! m5 are det]r$ f seek+ ! ,doctorate2 s t ,g]many w h b few ,ca?olic ,doctors 9 ! future2 :]eas1 x ab\nds 9 non-ca?olic ,doctors1 ^: promotion is to be _h any day4 ,9 ,france1 too1 ! philosoph]s d n wait beyond ! close ( ! tri5nium to be made ,ma/]s ( ,arts2 !y c\ld n put up ) delay1 = !y are hurry+ on to ,law4 ,! same is ! condition ( ?+s ) ! ,g]man philosoph]s1 = o!r reasons4 ,!re=e ! ,rev]5d ,fa!r ,g5]al might consid] :e!r he w disp5se ) ! obs]vance ( ! ,con/itution 9 ! ,italian & ,transalp9e ,prov9ces2 ! m s1 z ! ,con/itution itself says t x is to be obs]v$1 z f> z may be4#ccb ,9 accordance ) ?is1 ! ,ratio ,/udiorum is n absolute 9 its g5]al legislation1 & leaves room = ! special conditions ( diff]5t c\ntries4 ,a mo/ di/9ct conception ( ! mean+ & process ( conf]r+ degrees may be _h1 by consult+ ! typical con/itution ( an exclusively ,jesuit univ]sity1 z exhibit$ 9 ! ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica4#ccc ,! ?ird "p ( ?is docum5t treats exclusively ( ! ,v>iety ( ,academic ,degrees & ! ,conditions = ,ea*4 ,& x beg9s by say+3 ,z x is exp$i5t to conf] ,academic degrees on ^? :o are f\nd wor?y ( ! same1 s ! utmo/ caution is to be practis$1 le/1 at any "t1 !y be conf]r$ on su* z w\ld only br+ ! "n ( ! ,academy into discr$it1 & ! degrees !mselves into contempt4 ,:]e=e no degree is ev] to be conf]r$ ^u any "o1 :o has n und]gone all ! te/s :i* ! cu/oms ( univ]sities require4 ,pass+ on f ! sixte5? c5tury to our "t1 an important gap has to be cross$ 9 ! educational hi/ory ( ! ,ord]4 ,x is t ( ! ,suppression1 dur+ ab\t =ty ye>s at ! end ( ! la/ c5tury & ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t4 ,^! blank pages signify ! total loss ( prop]ty & position1 ) a sev]ance 9 _m places ( ! educational traditions = almo/ sixty ye>s1 & ! entire de/ruction ( !m 9 _m o!r p>ts4 ,besides1 l goods d]elict1 ! :ole sy/em ( education :i*1 by means ( ! ,society1 _h pass$ out ( a limit$ numb] ( m$ival univ]sities1 & _h be5 accommodat$ ) a home gratuit\sly 9 ov] sev5 hundr$ cities & t[ns ( a doz5 nationalities1 0 f\nd by ! ,ord]1 at its resurrection1 to be l>gely 9 ! h&s ( ,/ate au?orities1 or1 at lea/1 n indep5d5t ( ,/ate control4 ,re/or$1 b hav+ _h to /ruggle into exi/5ce1 "u alt]$ & unfavorable circum/ances1 ?is p$agogical sy/em may be view$ ) int]e/1 z x /&s t[>ds ! close ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,= ?is purpose ,i may be all[$ to glance at x1 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! _w1 "u ! precise aspect :i* ,i h j be5 reg>d+1 t ( endeavor+ to complete its "w ( education ) ,academic degrees4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 x has ! same fre$om ( action z any o!r sy/em ( high] education1 ) none ( ! special support :i* is giv5 to organizations end[$ by ! ,/ate4 ,9 _m p>ts ( ! cont95t ( ,europe1 ! prop]ty ( ! ,ord] is 9 an habitual or *ronic /ate ( confiscation1 & ! memb]s1 z educators1 are legally outlaw$4 ,education c sc>cely ?rive :5 on ! w+4 ,9 ,au/ria1 :]e ! ,society is fully recogniz$1 its tea*]s are1 by a cross-move1 practically deb>r$ f ,/ate recognition4 ,to pass on _! /ud5ts = ,/ate degrees1 x is requir$ t !y !mselves be c]tifi$ ,/ate tea*]s4 ,to become su* tea*]s1 !y mu/ h foll[$ 9 actual att5dance1 & dur+ f\r ye>s1 ! special c\rse ( ,gramm>1 ,hi/ory1 etc41 9 :i* _! c]tificate aft]w>ds w be recogniz$4 ,mean:ile1 z ,jesuits1 !y h gone ?r\gh ! c\rses :i* ,i h sket*$ 9 ! pages ( ?is essay2 & !y are c]ta9ly1 by ?is "t1 n to be conf\nd$ ) "y p]sons1 :o are m]ely prospect+ "s limit$ field ( p$agogic activity1 z ! scope ( _! lives4 ,h5ce1 at ?is mo/ en]getic & ripe p]iod ( _! lives1 !y mu/ wa/e f\r ye>s1 z if !y 7 "y normal s*ol>s1 9 foll[+ out "s "o or two l9es ( p$agogical =mation2 & t1 m]ely to h _! ^w admitt$ :5 !y pass _! /ud5ts on = ! ,/ate degrees4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 & ! dep5d5cies ( ! ,briti% ,empire !re are no su* h>ass+ re/rictions4 ,! conditions = matriculation1 & = ! subsequ5t s]ies ( exam9ations1 9 su* univ]sities z ^? ( ,london1 ,calcutta1 or ,laval1 are q 9 keep+ ) ! ,am]ican ideas ( social lib]ality2 h[ev] high & exact+ o!rwise may be ! /&>d requisite = success1 ei!r 9 ! pass-exam9ations or 9 ! ,honors4 ,nor1 if special matriculation is aga9 requir$ 9 c]ta9 ,engli% univ]sities1 be=e ent]+ _! c\rses ( ,m$ic9e1 does t impose any special h>d%ip4 ,h5ce1 ,/4 ,francis ,xavi]'s1 ,calcutta1 ranks among ! highe/ ( :at are call$ ! ,*ri/ian s*ools ( ,india4 ,to make matt]s cle>]1 ,i %all take two in/ances1 "o f ,great ,brita9 itself1 ! o!r f ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada4 ,/onyhur/ w illu/rate ! work+ ( ! ,/ate sy/em1 z com+ 9 contact ) ! ,ratio ,/udiorum4 ,! matriculation exam9ations at ! ,london ,univ]sity create no special difficulty1 al?\gh ! high] classes ( ! lit]>y curriculum may be reg>d$ z "u a /ra91 9 ! d\ble ef=t to satisfy ! ,ratio1 & to matriculate at t univ]sity4 ,aft] matriculation1 ! process is consid]ably smoo!r4 ,to take ! classical or ma!matical ,honors1 9 ! ,b4 ,a4 or ,m4 ,a4 exam9ations1 is altoge!r 9 h>mony ) ! usual c\rse ( ! ,jesuit sy/em4 ,at once1 aft] ! ,b4 ,a4 ,honors1 a good place on ! ,indian ,civil ,s]vice li/ is )9 easy rea*4 ,&1 9 g5]al1 *anges made by ! ,civil ,s]vice ,commission]s h all be5 9 ! direction ( adapt+ _! competitive exam9ations to ! ord9>y s*ool curriculum4 ,9 prep>ation = ! milit>y academies ( ,woolwi* & ,s&hur/1 /ud5ts foll[ ! regul> s*ool c\rse at ,/onyhur/1 to )9 two ye>s or s ( ! "t = entrance2 & !n !y m]ely take up _! special c\rse1 design$ = ! milit>y cadet%ip4 ,! same is n[ possible ) reg>d to ! navy1 s9ce ! age = ent]+ t s]vice has be5 some:at rais$4 ,&1 to m5tion "o ( ! c\rses :i* are altoge!r prop] to ! ,jesuit sy/em1 t ( ,philosophy1 ! usual lectures ( ! two ye>s' philosophical curriculum h only to be supplem5t$ ) a few special lectures1 & ! /ud5ts are ready = ! philosophical pap]s ( ! ,b4 ,a4 exam9ation1 9 ! ,london ,univ]sity4 ,montreal exhibits ! relations ( ,jesuit & ,/ate sy/ems 9 a ,ca?olic c\ntry4 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,laval is at ! same "t *>t]$ by ! ,/ate & by ! ,pope4 ,! ,jesuit ,pr(essors 9 ! ,college at ,montreal conduct _! own /udies1 exam9e _! /ud5ts1 & m]ely s5d !m ) c]tificates to receive degrees at ! ,univ]sity4 ,f ?is hi/ory x appe>s1 t1 ?\gh ! curriculum ( ,div9ity 9 ! ,jesuit sy/em ne$ h und]gone no great *ange dur+ ?ree c5turies1 beyond ! usual self-accommodation ( ! c\rses to new & press+ que/ions1 its curriculum ( ,philosophy has be5 mat]ially affect$1 ) ref]5ce to ! g5]al _w ( /ud5ts4 ,?is1 z =ese5 9 ! ,ratio ,/udiorum ( #aehf1 & z ref]r$ to aga9 9 ! revis$ ,ratio ( #ahcb1 causes a d\ble arrangem5t to be made4 ,fir/1 :]ev] memb]s ( ! ,ord] are pursu+ _! /udies1 ! philosophical tri5nium is1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 9 full op]ation1 & is prolong$ ) individuals into a f\r? ye>1 = review+ ! subjects & prosecut+ !m fur!r2 & ?is sem9>y c\rse1 if connect$ ) a public college1 rema9s op5 z ev] to ! outside _w4 ,secondly1 to meet ! requirem5ts ( ext]nal /ud5ts1 :o d n desire ! full tri5nium1 ! ,prov9cial w see t a c\rse ( ,philosophy be e/abli%$ accord+ to ! cu/oms & necessities ( ! c\ntry4#ccd ,h5ce a bi5nium1 or two-ye> c\rse1 is commonly e/abli%$2 &1 accord+ to ! ne$s or desires ( ! locality1 x is conduct$ ei!r 9 ,lat9 or 9 ! v]nacul>4 #c4 ,n[ we may review succ9ctly ! diff]5t c\rses z conduct$ by ! ye>1 & z di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! week4 ,,! ,,lit]>y ,,curriculum4 ,! grad+ is bas$ ^u ! pr9ciples ( a classical education4 ,o!r bran*es ent] a classical c\rse1 z complet+ ! /aple /udies4 ,b1 on _! own m]its1 !y receive a special di/ribution ( _! own4 ,! ,prefect ( ! l[] /udies is in/ruct$ to di/ribute ,hi/ory1 ,geography1 ! elem5ts ( ,ma!matics1 & :atev] else is usually treat$ 9 ^! classes1 9 su* a mann] t ea* ,ma/] c satisfactorily & conv5i5tly f9i% ! matt] assign$ to him4 ,?is is to be done aft] consult+ ! ,prov9cial au?ority1 :i* assures /ability 9 ! mann] ( organiz+ ^! bran*es4#cce ,z to ! "m tongue1 ! /udy ( :i* is b\nd up intimately ) ! classic lit]atures1 a g5]al direction is giv5 once = all to ! ,pr(essors ( ^! grades3 ,9 le>n+ ! "m tongue1 v mu* ! same me?od w be foll[$ z 9 ! /udy ( ,lat94 ,&1 9 ! =m ( prelection to be us$1 !y are to adopt ! me?od specifi$ z peculi> to ! hi/orian & ! poet1 :i* is m summ>y ?an ! prelection ( ! c5tral prose au?or3 ,mu* ! same me?od w be foll[$ 9 giv+ ! prelection on classic au?ors 9 ! v]nacul>4#ccf ,,l[] ,,gramm>4 ,! grade ( ?is class is ! p]fect k ( ! rudim5ts1 & an incipi5t k ( syntax4 ,9 ,greek3 read+1 writ+1 & a c]ta9 portion ( ! gramm>4 ,! au?ors us$ = prelection w be "s easy selections f ,cic]o1 besides fables ( ,phdrus & lives ( ,nepos4 ,,middle ,,gramm>4 ,! grade is ! k1 ?\gh n entire1 ( all gramm>2 ano!r portion ( ! ,greek gramm>2 &1 = ! prelection1 only ! select epi/les1 n>rations1 descriptions1 & ! l f ,cic]o1 ) ! ,comm5t>ies ( ,cs>1 & "s ( ! easie/ poems ( ,ovid4 ,9 ,greek3 ! fables ( sop1 select & expurgat$ dialogues ( ,lucian1 ! ,table ( ,cebes4 ,,upp] ,,gramm>4 ,! grade is ! complete k ( gramm>1 includ+ all ! exceptions & idioms 9 syntax1 figures ( rhetoric1 & ! art ( v]sification4 ,9 ,greek3 ! eight p>ts ( spee*1 or all ! rudim5ts4 ,= ! lessons3 9 prose1 ! mo/ difficult epi/les ( ,cic]o1 ! books ,de ,amicitia1 ,de ,s5ectute1 & o!rs ( ! k9d1 or ev5 "s ( ! easi] orations2 9 poetry1 "s select elegies & epi/les ( ,ovid1 also selections f ,catullus1 ,tibullus1 ,prop]tius1 & ! eclogues ( ,virgil1 or "s ( ,virgil's easi] books4 ,9 ,greek3 ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 ,x5ophon1 & ! l4 ,,humanity4 ,! grade is to prep>e1 z x 71 ! gr\nd = eloqu5ce1 :i* is done 9 ?ree ways1 by a k ( ! language1 "s erudition1 & a sket* ( ! precepts p]ta9+ to ,rhetoric4 ,= a comm& ( ! language1 :i* consi/s *iefly 9 acquir+ propriety ( expression & flu5cy1 ! "o prose au?or employ$ 9 daily prelections is ,cic]o2 z hi/orical writ]s1 ,cs>1 ,sallu/1 ,livy1 ,curtius1 & o!rs ( ! k9d2 ! poets us$ are1 fir/ ( all1 ,virgil2 also select odes ( ,horace1 ) ! elegies1 epigrams1 & o!r productions ( illu/ri\s poets1 expurgat$2 9 l mann]1 orators1 hi/orians1 & poets1 9 ! v]nacul>4 ,! erudition convey$ %\ld be slight1 & only to /imulate & recreate ! m9d1 n to imp$e progress 9 le>n+ ! tongue4 ,! precepts w be ! g5]al rules ( expression & /yle1 & ! special rules on ! m9or k9ds ( composition1 epi/les1 n>rations1 descriptions1 bo? 9 v]se & prose4 ,9 ,greek3 ! art ( v]sification1 & "s notions ( ! dialects2 also a cle> und]/&+ ( au?ors1 & "s composition 9 ,greek4 ,! ,greek prose au?ors w be ,sa9ts ,*ryso/om & ,basil1 epi/les ( ,plato & ,synesius1 "s selections f ,plut>*2 ! poets1 ,hom]1 ,phocylides1 ,!ognis1 ,/4 ,gregory ,nazianz51 ,synesius1 & o!rs l !m4 ,,rhetoric4 ,! grade ( ?is class _c easily be def9$4 ,= x tra9s to p]fect eloqu5ce1 :i* comprises two great faculties1 ! oratorical & poetical1 ! =m] *iefly be+ ! object ( culture2 nor does x reg>d only ! practical1 b ! beautiful also4 ,= ! precepts1 ,cic]o may be supplem5t$ ) ,qu9tilian & ,ari/otle4 ,! /yle1 :i* may be assi/$ by draw+ on ! mo/ approv$ hi/orians & poets1 is to be =m$ on ,cic]o2 all ( 8 works are mo/ fitt$ = ?is purpose1 b only 8 spee*es %\ld be made ! subject ( prelection1 t ! precepts ( ! art may be se5 9 practice4 ,z to ! v]nacul>1 ! /yle %\ld be =m$ on ! be/ au?ors4 ,! erudition w be d]iv$ f ! hi/ory & mann]s ( nations1 f ! au?ority ( writ]s & all le>n+2 b mod]ately1 z befits ! capacity ( ! /ud5ts4 ,9 ,greek1 ! full] k ( au?ors & ( dialects is to be acquir$4 ,! ,greek au?ors1 :e!r orators1 hi/orians1 or poets1 are to be anci5t & classic3 ,demo/h5es1 ,plato1 ,?ucydides1 ,hom]1 ,hesiod1 ,p9d>1 & o!rs ( ! k9d1 includ+ ,sa9ts ,nazianz51 ,basil1 & ,*ryso/om4 ,! compil]s ( ! prelim9>y ,ratio ?r[ out "s v useful h9ts1 relative to ! "w & scope ( ?is class4 ,!y say1 = in/ance1 t ! /ud5ts ( ,rhetoric are to be assi/$ ) almo/ a daily exposition ( "s poet1 to d]ive !nce ! v>iety & ri*ness ( poetic imitation & diction4 ,aga91 no?+ dialectic is to be made ! subject ( prelection 9 ?is class1 s9ce rhetoricians are to be kept z f> away z possible f ! /yle1 inv5tion1 & _s ( dialectics4 ,two or ?ree ye>s are spok5 ( z sp5t 9 ?is grade4#ccg ,at any rate1 all our day-s*ol>s or bo>d]s#cch %\ld sp5d "o ye> 9 ,rhetoric be=e !y ent] on ,philosophy2 ?is %\ld be br\ght home to _! p>5ts4 ,! o!rs1 :o att5d our c\rses f outside1#cci %\ld be p]suad$ to d ! same4#cdj ,if !y /ill insi/ ^u ent]+ ! philosophical curriculum at too e>ly an age1 special means are sugge/$ to disc\nt5ance su* a practice4 ,all ^! five grades are evid5tly s connect$ z n to ov]lap "o ano!r4 ,nei!r are !y to be multipli$1 except 9 ! s5se ( all[+ m ?an a s+le division1 :5 s*ol>s are v num]\s4 ,if all ! grades _c be ma9ta9$ 9 any place1 ! high] ones1 z f> z possible1 are to be kept1 ! l[] be+ disp5s$ )4#cda ,,! ,,philosophical ,,curriculum4 ,) ! side bran*es suffici5tly le>n$1 ) ! boy's native tal5ts /imulat$ or cultivat$1 z ! ,ratio frequ5tly expresses itself1#cdb & 8 memory enri*$ ) ! fulle/ mat]ials = /yle 9 two languages1 ,lat9 & ! v]nacul>1 :ile ,greek has subsidiz$ 8 culture1 ! /ud5t ent]s on ! /udy ( ,philosophy1 us+ s*ola/ic ,lat9 z ! vehicle ( expression4 ,?is in/rum5t = ! expression ( philosophical ?\ght possesses ! qualities ( subtlety1 ke5ness1 & precision1 :i* ! dialectic practice ( all univ]sities _h t5d$ to develop 9 x1 f ! twelf? c5tury onw>ds4 ,) ! addition ( ,cic]o's fulness & ri*ness1 :i* ! colleges cultivat$ ) s mu* ardor1 ! s*ola/ic ,lat9 ( m5 l ,mol9a1 ,ripalda1 ,lib]atore1 ,franzel91 & s _m o!rs1 has fl\ri%$ to a degree ( lit]>y excell5ce4 ,ma!matics runs p>allel ) ! c\rse ( ,philosophy1 & ^u t bran* ( sci5ce !re is a r eloqu5t passage 9 ! ,ratio ( #aehf4cdc ,physics 0 always includ$ 9 ! ,ari/otelian philosophy4 ,! c>e] ( ,mod]n ,physics 0 !n 9 ! future4 ,b1 z 9 ,ma!matics pure & appli$1 ! c\rses 7 always advanc$ to ! =emo/ rank1 & 9 ,ari?metic & ,geometry we notice t1 z e>ly z #affg1 a s+le public c\rse1 "u ! direction ( ,jesuits at ,ca51 numb]$ f\r hundr$ /ud5ts1#cdd s1 9 ! middle ( ! next c5tury1 ! eighte5?1 we f9d physical cab9ets 9 regul> use1 & exp]im5tal lectures giv5 to ! classes by ! ,pr(essors ( ,physics4#cde ,! basis ( ! /udy is ?us laid d[n 9 ! rules ( ! revis$ ,ratio3 ,! ,pr(essor is to expose !ories1 sy/ems1 & hypo!ses1 s z to make x cle> :at degree ( c]titude or probability belongs to ea*4 ,s9ce ?is faculty makes new progress e day1 ! ,pr(essor mu/ consid] x "p ( 8 duty to "k ! m rec5t discov]ies1 s t 9 8 prelections he may advance ) ! sci5ce itself4#cdf ,! g5]al assemblies _h legislat$ on ?is subject1 z ,i indicat$ be=e2 assign+ its prop] place 9 ,philosophy to :at !y call$ ! m pleasant or ! light] =m ( ,physics4 ,inde$1 ,philosophy itself 9 ! c\rse ( ?ree c5turies came to feel _m new ne$s & submitt$ to new l9es ( treatm5t4 ,fir/ ,ye>4 ,,logic ,,& ,,g5]al ,,metaphysics4 ,"o ,pr(essor3 eight h\rs a week4 ,introductory sket* ( ,philosophy4 ,dialectics or ,m9or ,logic3 ideas1 judgm5t1 reason+4 ,logic ,prop]3 ,! crit]ia ( tru?2 species ( k1 & g5]al rules ( criticism & h]m5eutics4 ,g5]al ,metaphysics or ,ontology3 ,! notions ( be+ & ! categories4 ,,ma!matics4 ,"o ,pr(essor3 six h\rs a week4 ,all t prep>es = ! ,physics ( ! foll[+ ye>1 viz41 algebra1 geometry1 plane & sph]ical trigonometry1 & conic sections4 ,?is rapid c\rse1 9 s %ort a "t1 supposes t ! matt] is n entirely new1 b has be5 /udi$ already 9 ! lit]>y c\rse4 ,second ,ye> & "p ( ! ,?ird4 ,,special ,,metaphysics4 ,"o ,pr(essor3 f\r h\rs a week4 ,fir/1 ,cosmology3 ,! orig9 ( ! _w1 ! elem5ts ( bodies1 ! p]fection ( ! _w1 its nature & laws1 sup]natural effects & _! crit]ia1 z exam9$ by philosophical pr9ciples4 ,secondly1 ,psy*ology3 ,! ess5ce ( ! human s\l1 & its faculties3 s5sation1 imag9ation1 memory1 ! nature ( intellig5ce & reason1 appetite1 w1 fre$om2 ! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 s\l & body2 ! simplicity1 spirituality1 & immortality ( ! s\l2 ! union ( s\l & body1 ! nature & orig9 ( ideas2 ! vital pr9ciple ( brutes4 ,?irdly1 ,natural ,!ology3 ,god1 ,8 exi/5ce & attributes1 etc41 z view$ by ! light ( human reason4 ,,physics4 ,"o ,pr(essor3 n9e h\rs a week4 ,me*anics1 dynamics2 ! prop]ties ( bodies1 hydro/atics1 hydraulics1 a]o/atics1 pneumatics2 ! elem5ts ( a/ronomy2 light1 caloric1 electricity1 magnetism1 meteorology4 ,:at is n complet$ 9 ?is ye> is cont9u$ 9 ! next1 ) ! elem5ts ( natural hi/ory4 ,mu* ( ?is c\rse may h be5 se5 9 ! lit]>y curriculum4 ,! matt]s are n to be treat$ s exclusively f a rational /&po9t1 z to leave b>ely any "t = exp]im5ts2 nor are exp]im5ts s to occupy ! "t1 t x looks l a m]ely exp]im5tal sci5ce4 ,,*emi/ry4 ,"o ,pr(essor3 ?ree h\rs a week4 ,inorganic & organic4 ,?ird ,ye>4 ,,metaphysics4 ,"o ,pr(essor3 f\r h\rs a week4 ,:at rema9s ( ! c\rse j describ$1 "u ! second ye>4 ,,moral ,,philosophy4 ,"o ,pr(essor3 f\r h\rs a week4 ,! end ( man1 ! morality ( human actions1 natural law1 natural rights & duties2 ! pr9ciples ( public "r4 ,,physics4 ,"o ,pr(essor3 two h\rs a week4 ,geology1 a/ronomy1 physiology4 ,"p ( ! c\rse above c be res]v$ = ?is ye>4 ,,ma!matics4 ,"o ,pr(essor3 ?ree h\rs a week4 ,analytical geometry & diff]5tial calculus4 ,9 ^! c\rses ( ,natural ,sci5ce1 if ! matt] is n altoge!r new1 z hav+ be5 /udi$ 9 ! l[] faculties1 ! philosophical attitude ( !oretic criticism is q specific ?r\gh\t ?is curriculum4 ,,! ,,!ological ,,curriculum4 ,z ! ,jesuit !ologians ( ,cologne ann\nc$ 9 _! programme ( #aegh t1 :ile !y foll[$ ,/4 ,?omas1 yet nei!r all ! matt]s1 nor ^? alone :i* he treat$1 7 to be h&l$ by !m2 s1 9 e age1 ! /&>d adopt$ has be5 adh]$ to1 ) ! same practical eye to ! ne$s ( ! times4 ,! reason is ! same z ^? !ologians assign$2 because1 !y said1 ,e age has def9ite fields ( conflict1 :i* r5d] x necess>y t ,!ology be enl>g$ ) a v>iety ( newly disput$ que/ions1 &1 9 fact1 t x assume a new =m4#cdg ,9 ! arrangem5t ( ,s*ola/ic ,!ology ! ,ratio sugge/s ! foll[+ =m3-- ,s*ola/ic ,!ology4 ,,f\r ,,ye>s4 ,two ,pr(essors3 ea* f\r h\rs a week4 ,"o c\rse4 ,religion & ! ,*ur*2 ,god 9 ,unity & ,tr9ity2 ,8 attributes1 pr$e/9ation3 ,god z ,creator2 ! ,angels2 ! creation ( ,man & 8 fall2 ! ,inc>nation2 ,?ree ( ! ,sev5 ,sacram5ts4 ,! o!r c\rse4 ,human acts1 virtues1 & vices2 ! !ological virtues2 ! c>d9al virtues2 "r & ju/ice2 religion2 grace2 ! ,sacram5ts 9 g5]al2 ! re/ ( ! ,sev5 ,sacram5ts4 ,moral ,!ology4 ,,two ,,ye>s4 ,"o ,pr(essor3 five & a half h\rs a week4 ,! scope ( ?is c\rse is to =m ,m9i/]s ( ! ,sacram5ts4 ,"o ye>4 ,human acts1 consci5ce1 laws1 s9s1 ! ,comm&m5ts1 except+ ! sev5?4 ,! o!r ye>4 ,! sev5? ,comm&m5t1 :i* includes contracts2 ! ,sacram5ts1 c5sures1 ! /ates & duties ( life4 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory4 ,,two ,,ye>s4 ,"o ,pr(essor3 two h\rs a week4 ,! que/ions1 necess>y & opportune1 9 ! hi/ory ( ea* c5tury4 ,canon ,law4 ,,two ,,ye>s4 ,"o ,pr(essor3 two h\rs a week4 ,"o ye>4 ,p]sons1 judgm5ts1 p5alties4 ,! o!r ye>4 ,?+s4 ,sacr$ ,scripture4 ,,two ,,ye>s4 ,"o ,pr(essor3 f\r h\rs a week4 ,g5]al prolegom5a4 ,a book f ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t alt]nately4 ,hebrew4 ,,"o ,,ye>4 ,"o ,pr(essor3 two h\rs a week4 ,supplem5t$ ) "o h\r a week on ,syriac1 ,arabic1 ,*aldaic1 dur+ f\r ye>s4 ,,g5]al ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,"t4 ,! compil]s ( ! prelim9>y ,ratio made an ef=t to draw up a uni=m sy/em = ! di/ribution ( "t 9 ! v>i\s c\ntries4 ,b ! f9al ,ratio pref]r$ to leave ! matt] ?us3 ,s9ce ! v>iety ( c\ntries1 times1 & p]sons is apt to introduce v>iety 9 ! ord] to be obs]v$1 & 9 ! di/ribution ( h\rs = /udy1 repetitions1 disputations1 & o!r ex]cises1 z also 9 vacations1 ! prop] au?ority w report to ! ,g5]al :atev] he ?9ks m exp$i5t 9 8 ,prov9ce1 = ! bett] advancem5t ( /udies1 t a def9ite arrangem5t may be come to1 :i* w meet all exig5cies2 keep+1 h[ev]1 z ne> z possible to ! common ord] ( our /udies4#cdh ,accord+ly1 a rule ( ! ,g5]al ,prefect ( ,/udies prescribes t he lay d[n n only an ord] ( /udies1 repetitions1 disputations to be obs]v$ by memb]s ( ! ,society1 by our s*ol>s1 & by ext]nal /ud5ts at l>ge1 "u ! direction ( _! ,pr(essors2 b also t he di/ribute all _! "t1 to ! effect t !y sp5d ! h\rs ( private /udy well4#cdi ,i %all give ?ree sket*es ( actual arrangem5ts = ! conduct ( ! lit]>y or second>y curriculum2 & "o normal arrangem5t = ! two dep>tm5ts ( sup]ior education 9 ,philosophy & ,!ology4 ,! ?ree s*$ules = ! second>y c\rse are tak5 f ! ,engli% speak+ _w4 ,t numb]$ 7,i71 if pres5t$ 9 full1 w\ld read v mu* l ! usual arrangem5t ( an ,am]ican college4 ,x is ! me?od m or less adopt$ by ! ,jesuit colleges :i* c5tre ar\nd ! ,/4 ,l\is ,univ]sity 9 ! ,we/]n ,/ates4 ,! s*$ule numb]$ 7,,ii7 repres5ts ! sy/em ( ,georget[n ,college1 & ( o!rs 9 ! ,ea/]n ,/ates2 x looks l a close adaptation ( ! sy/em z pres5t$ 9 ^! pages4 ,numb] 7,,iii7 is ! me?od ( ,/onyhur/ ,college1 ,engl&2 & to x may be ref]r$ ! ,canadian sy/em1 & t ( ,h9du/an4 ,! h\rs indicat$ 9 ?is s*$ule include ! set "t = /udies1 besides ! h\rs ( class4 ,! set /udy "t1 9 a bo>d+ college1 may be tak5 to av]age f\r & a half h\rs a day2 o!r h\rs may be add$ !reto1 f free /udy "t1 or h\rs ( sup]flu\s recreation4 ,! ,/onyhur/ arrangem5t is int]e/+1 z be+ t ( a faculty two hundr$ & n9ety-n9e ye>s old1 )\t any int]mission 9 its c>e]4 ,its orig9al home 0 ,/4 ,om]'s1 ,france1 :]e ,fa!r ,p>sons f\nd$ ! college 9 #aeib4 ,at ! suppression ( ! ,ord] 9 ,france1 #agfb1 ! college mov$ to ,bruges 9 ,belgium2 !nce1 9 #aggc1 to ,lige2 :5ce1 "u ! /ress ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 x took refuge 9 ,engl&1 & op5$ its c\rses at ,/onyhur/1 ,lanca%ire1 9 #agid4 ,! s*$ule = ! philosophical tri5nium 7,sup]ior ,in/ruction1 ,b7 is tak5 f ,wood/ock ,college & ,/4 ,l\is ,univ]sity2 t ( ! !ological c\rse 7,sup]ior ,in/ruction1 ,c7 f ,wood/ock4 ,9 ^! s*$ules1 z well z 9 t n exhibit$ "h = ! sem9>y c\rse ( ,lit]ature 7,sup]ior ,in/ruction1 ,a71 no mat]ial diff]5ce w\ld be f\nd to exi/ betwe5 "o h\se ( /udies & ano!r 9 ! ,society4 ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,h\rs ,,p] ,,week4 ,,second>y ,,in/ruction4--,lit]>y4 ,i4 ,,ii4 ,grades ,i4-,,iv4 ,v4-,,vi4 ,,vii4 ,i4-,,iv4 ,v4-,,vi4 ,,vii4 ,f\r ,two ,"o ,f\r ,two ,"o ,ye>s4 ,ye>s4 ,ye>4 ,ye>s4 ,ye>s4 ,ye>4 ,age ( ,/ud5t #ac-af4 #ag-ah4 #ai4 #ac-af4 #ag-ah4 #ai4 ,,subjects4 ,classics #i4 #i4 44 #ac-a_/b4 #ac-a_/b4 44 ,ma!matics #d4 #d4 #d4 #e-a_/b4 #e-a_/b4 44 ,engli% & #ab4 #i4 #f4 #h4 #e4 44 ,accessories ,natural ,sci5ces 44 #c4 44 44 #c4 #aj4 ,philosophy 44 44 #aj4 44 44 #ab4 ,,iii4 ,grades ,i4-,,iv4 ,v4-,,vii4 ,philosophical curriculum4 ,f\r ,?ree ,ye>s4 ,ye>s4 ,age ( ,/ud5t #aa-ae4 #af-ah4 44 ,,subjects4 ,classics #ah4 #ah4 44 ,ma!matics #h-a_/b4 #h-a_/b4 44 ,engli% #f4 #f4 44 ,fr5* #e4 44 44 ,hi/ory & ,geography #c4 44 44 ,natural ,sci5ces 44 #c-f4 44 ,philosophy 44 44 ,two ,ye> ,c\rse1 z bel[ 7b74 ,,sup]ior ,,in/ruction4--7,a7 ,lit]>y4 ,,sem9>y ,,c\rse4 ,lit]ature ,two ,ye>s ,= ,memb]s ( ! ,ord]4 ,,sup]ior ,,in/ruction4--7,b7 ,philosophical4 ,,tri5nial ,,c\rse4 ,ye>s ,i4 ,,ii4 ,,iii4 ,,subjects ,,( ,,c\rses4 ,philosophy3 ,logic1 #h #e ,ontology4 7,disputation74 ,cosmology1 #d #c ,psy*ology4 7,disputation74 ,psy*ology1 #d #c ,natural ,!ology4 7,disputation74 ,moral ,philosophy #d #c 7,disputation74 ,ma!matics3 ,algebra1 ,geometry1 ,trigonometry4 #f4 ,analytical ,geometry1 ,calculus4 #c4 ,me*anics #i 7,?ree ,mon?s74 ,physics #i 7,sev5 ,mon?s74 ,*emi/ry #c 7,t5 ,mon?s74 ,geology1 ,a/ronomy1 ,physiology4 #b4 ,specialties ,outside ( ?is ,tri5nium4 ,,bi5nial ,,c\rse4 7a7 ,two ,ye> ,curriculum1 includ$ 9 ! ,tri5nium4 7b7 ,simil> ,curriculum1 conduct$ sep>ately 9 ,engli%4 ,,sup]ior ,,in/ruction4--7,c7 ,!ological4 ,,sex5nial ,,c\rse4 ,ye>s ,i4 ,,ii4 ,,iii4 ,,iv4 ,v4 ,,vi4 ,,subjects ,,( ,,c\rses4 _/----------------- ,s*ola/ic #h #e #h #e #h #e #h #e ,bi5nium ( ,g5]al ,!ology4 7,disp474 7,disp474 7,disp474 7,disp47 ,repetition1 ,philosophical & ,moral ,!ology1 #e-a_/b #e-a_/b #a_/b #a_/b ,!ological2 & ,special ,ecclesia/ical #b #b 44 44 ,sem9>y ,"w4 ,hi/ory4 ,canon ,law4 44 44 #b #b ,sacr$ 44 44 #d #d ,scripture4 ,hebrew4 #b 44 44 44 ,syriac1 ,arabic1 ,*ald4 44 #a #a #a ,specialties4 ,outside ( ?is ,sex5nium4 ,,sup]ior ,,in/ruction4--7,d7 ,law4 ,conduct$ by a ,faculty n ( ! ,ord]4 ,,sup]ior ,,in/ruction4--7,e7 ,m$ic9e4 ,conduct$ by a ,faculty n ( ! ,ord]4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,conclusion4 ,x w n h escap$ ! att5tive read]1 t almo/ all ! hi/ory1 p$agogic or o!rwise1 :i* has be5 sket*$ 9 ?is essay1 falls )9 ! l9es ( :at has be5 call$ ! ,c\nt]-,re=mation2 & "s portion ( x belongs to :at is /yl$1 9 ! pres5t c5tury1 ! ,c\nt]-,revolution4 ,= ?is reason1 if ! facts record$ seem at all new1 he w disc]n ! reason4 ,!y h la9 outside ( "o ( ! beat5 pa?s 9 hi/ory4 ,beyond ! facts ( evolution1 z !y may h appe>$ 9 ^! pages1 ,i d n pret5d to h f\nd a place = ?is sy/em 9 any plan ( p$agogic developm5t4 ,nor d ,i lay claim to ! f>-sight$ness :i* may disc]n any po/hum\s developm5t1 z ! legacy ( ?is sy/em to ! _w ( education4 ,politically1 its place has (t5 be5 assign$ to x summ>ily by ma9 =ce4 ,b1 p$agogically1 too1 ! day may come1 :5 ga!r$ to ! o!r rema9s :i* m\ld] 9 ! pa/1 x c look d[n f a grade & place ( its own 9 evolution1 & look out1 l o!rs1 on a prog5y m favor$ ?an itself1 ! fair "m ( fair] *ildr52 ev5 z ! old univ]sity sy/em ( m$ival ,europe1 p>ticul>ly t ( ! great ,univ]sity ( ,p>is1 c look d[n f its sil5t & solemn place 9 hi/ory1 z ! direct prog5itor ( ! ,ratio ,/udiorum4 ,we1 too1 h be5 taught by o!rs1 said ,possev9o 9 #aeib4 ,inde$1 z is evid5t1 ! la/ ?+ :i* ! sy/em ev] seems to dream (1 :i* nev]1 9 fact1 crosses ! pa? ( its intellectual vision1 is t x is play+ ! rle1 p]*ance1 ( a p$agogic adv5tur]1 or c\rt+ notice by "s new & /rik+ dep>ture4 ,no d\bt1 9 its integrity1 x is s+ul>ly ! sy/em ( ! ,jesuits1 &1 9 a multitude ( practical elem5ts1 x embodies ! elaborate exp]i5ce ( "o practical organization ( m54 ,b1 none ! less1 if we look d[n = its f\ndations1 we pass ?r\gh ! ,r5aissance ( ,lett]s1 & f9d ! traditions ( s*ola/ic ,europe2 & fur!r d[n /ill1 9 ! /ratification ( hi/ory1 we come to ! pr9ciples ( education z def9$ by ,ari/otle1 ,plato1 & ,socrates4 ,z to its ult]ior evolution1 ,i may designate two =ms :i* ! sy/em has be5 invit$ to assume4 ,r1 ,i may po9t to an epo* 9 its hi/ory1 at :i* g5]al & univ]sal education divid$ (f into two l9es2 &1 by "o or o!r way1 almo/ all ! second>y & sup]ior education1 :i* prevails among/ u1 rea*es our pres5t "t4 ,! pr9ciples adopt$ on "o side1 h[ev] extravagant !y may h be5 at _! fir/ adoption & 9 all ! gl[ & f]vor ( a new dep>ture1 w c]ta9ly recomm5d !mselves to "s4 ,! o!r 0 practically1 if x has n z yet be5 =mally1 adopt$ by ! ,ord] z a cont9uation ( its old me?od1 & z a revision 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury ( :at itself _h laid d[n 9 ! fifte5?4 ,i w quote1 to expla9 "o ( ! movem5ts1 a writ]1 ,m4 ,drevon1 :om ,i cit$ once be=e1#cej *iefly because he is q rec5t1 & also because he is entirely out ( sympa?y ) ! sy/em ( ! ,jesuits4 ,= ! o!r1 ,i w quote "o ( ! late/ ,g5]als ( ! ,society ( ,jesus1 ,fa!r ,john ,roo?aan4 ,:5 ! ,jesuit colleges1 m ?an n9ety 9 numb]1 7 abruptly clos$ 9 ,france1 !n1 says ! fir/ writ]1 ! dep>ture ( ! ,jesuits 0 ! occasion ( a noisy demon/ration aga9/ ! in/ruction :i* _h be5 imp>t$ 9 ! colleges4 ,a multitude ( books#cea 7 at once se5 p\r+ into ! m>ket1 pres5t+ plans = a new sy/em ( education1 :i* %\ld be m 9 keep+ ) ! progress ( ,sci5ce & ,philosophy4 ,m5 ( ! grave/ au?ority1 l ! ,presid5t ,rol&1 did n disda9 to occupy !mselves ) ^! matt]s1 & to ent] into details3 ',! mom5t 0 come1' cri$ "o ( !m1 'to set up furnaces1 to add bell[s !reto1 & initiate s*ol>s into ! doctr9e ( gases4'#ceb ,! reaction 0 s mu* ! m viol5t1 z spirits _h be5 ! long] suppress$4 ,x w5t ev5 beyond ! j measure1 z happ5s almo/ always 9 su* circum/ances2 s t1 says a contempor>y writ]1#cec *ildr51 prop]ly in/ruct$1 ought to h become1 at ! age ( fifte51 agriculturi/s suffici5tly well qualifi$1 intellig5t naturali/s1 prud5t economi/s1 %rewd bus9ess m51 enlight5$ politicians1 pr(\nd metaphysicians1 prodigi\s geometricians1 )\t prejudice to writ+ & draw+1 to univ]sal geography1 & anci5t z well z mod]n hi/ory2 )\t prejudice to ! ,fr5* language1 ,engli% also & ,g]man & a little ,lat92 & aga9 )\t prejudice to music & h]aldry1 to danc+ & f5c+1 to horseman%ip1 &1 above all1 to swimm+4 ,b p _h n long to wait be=e deplor+ su* excess4 ,all ?is agitation prov$ un=tunately /]ile2 & z ,i h j said1 on ! eve ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution1 second>y education _h n tak5 a /ep =w>d dur+ fifty ye>s4444 ,x came to a new bir? 9 #ahjh1 & f\nd itself v mu* :]e x _h be51 be=e ?is long sleep4 ,napoleon decl>$ t ! new me?od ( ! ,univ]sity 0 v l t ( ! anci5t ,univ]sity ( ,p>is2 only t ! c\rses 'left some?+ to desire ) reg>d to draw+1 mod]n languages1 geography1 hi/ory1 & especially ma!matical & physical sci5ces4' ,?is 0 progress1 no d\bt1 & x is well to grant x4 ,b ,napoleon is mi/ak51 :5 he pret5ds t ! new ,univ]sity is a *ild ( ! anci5t "o4 ,x is prem95tly a *ild ( ! ,jesuits4 ,=1 z we h rem>k$1 ! ,jesuits1 at ! beg9n+1 took great c>e to make no innovations4 ,!y accept$1 z !y f\nd !m1 ! old me?ods1 introduc$ little by little _! own mode ( proc$ure1 an alt]ation mo/ calculat$ to assure _! influ5ce & _! success4 ,! gr& old ,univ]sity :i* w5t d[n to ! second rank1 s to say1 9 public education1 submitt$ to ! influ5ce ( its dete/$ & triumphant rivals1 &1 9 spite ( itself1 x all[$ itself to be p]meat$ by _! me?ods4 ,h5ce1 9 #ahjh1 at ! mom5t :5 ,napoleon dreams t he is re/abli%+ ! ,univ]sity1 ! ideal ( public in/ruction 0 a mixture ( ! old univ]sity traditions & ! empiric me?ods ( ! ,jesuits4#ced ,x does n come )9 ! scope ( ?is writ] to indicate h[1 f ?is hi/orical po9t ( div]g5ce1 ! mod]n practical me?od ( in/ruction came to be fully organiz$4 ,ea* sy/em w5t its own way4 ,i pass on to ! o!r l9e1 or r back to ! ,jesuit ,ratio2 & ,i w m]ely po9t out :at process ( adju/m5t x !n und]w5t4 ,9 #ahcb1 ,fa!r ,roo?aan1 ,g5]al ( ! ,society1 address$ an encyclical lett] to ! ,ord]4 ,to give an ab/ract ( x1 he says3 ,9 ! v fir/ assembly aft] ! re/oration ( ! ,society1 a petition _h be5 receiv$ f ! ,prov9ces1 & daily exp]i5ce s9ce !n has %[n x to be m & m necess>y1 t ! ,sy/em ( ,/udies %\ld be accommodat$ to ! exig5cies ( ! times4 ,aft] a consultation1 involv+ mu* labor & accurate /udy1 a =m ( revis$ ,ratio has be5 drawn up1 :i* is n[ (f]$ = use & practice1 9 ord] t aft] be+ am5d$ aga9 if necess>y1 or else enl>g$1 x may receive ! sanction ( a univ]sal law4 ,! und]tak+ 0 approa*$ ) ! greate/ rev]5ce = a ,sy/em :i* _h be5 approv$ by two c5turies ( successful op]ation1 & :i* _h be5 extoll$1 n unfrequ5tly1 by ! v enemies ( ! ,ord]4 ,( ! novelties :i* _h be5 introduc$ into ! me?od ( educat+ y\?1 dur+ ! la/ fifty ye>s or m1 0 x =soo? possible t all c\ld be approv$ & adopt$ 9 our s*ools8 ,new me?ods & new =ms inv5t$ day aft] day1 a new arrangem5t ( matt] & ( "t1 (t5 self-contradictory & mutually repugnant--h[ c\ld all ?is be tak5 z a rule = our /udies8 ,9 ! high] s*ools or 9 ! treatm5t ( ! grav] /udies1 x is a subject ( lam5tation ) prud5t m5 t !re is no solidity b mu* %[1--an ill-arrang$ mass ( sup]flu\s k1 v little exact reason+--2 t ! sci5ces1 if y except ,physics & ,ma!matics1 h n made any true progress1 b are 9 g5]al confusion1 s t :]e ! f9al results ( tru? are to be f\nd sc>cely appe>s4 ,! /udy ( ,logic & sev]e ,dialectics is almo/ 9 contempt1 :5ce errors come to be deeply root$ 9 ! m9ds ( m5 :o are n o!rwise illit]ate2 & ^! errors1 by "s fatality or o!r1 are made mu* (1 z if !y 7 asc]ta9$ tru?s1 & !y are laud$ to ! skies1 because no?+ is treat$ ) /rictness & accuracy1 no acc\nt is made ( def9itions & di/9ctness ( reason+4 ,?us1 ta/+ lightly ( philosophical matt]s1 "y m5 g =? utt]ly def5celess aga9/ sophi/ry1 s9ce !y _c ev5 see ! diff]5ce betwe5 a sophism & an argum5t4 ,9 ! l[] s*ools1 ! object kept 9 view is to h boys le>n z _m ?+s z possible1 & le>n !m 9 ! %orte/ "t1 & ) ! lea/ ex]tion possible4 ,excell5t6 ,b t v>iety ( s _m ?+s & s _m c\rses1 all lightly sipp$ ( by y\?1 enables !m to conceive a high op9ion ( h[ mu* !y "k1 & sometimes swells ! cr[d ( ! half-in/ruct$1 ! mo/ p]nici\s ( all classes to ! ,sci5ces & ! ,/ate alike4 ,z to kn[+ any?+ truly & solidly1 !re is none ( x4 ,some?+ ( ev]y?+3 no?+ 9 ! end4#cee ,runn+ ?r\gh ! c\rses ( lett]s 9 no "t1 t5d] 9 age1 ) m9ds z yet untra9$1 !y take up ! grave/ /udies ( ,philosophy & ! ,high] ,sci5ces2 &1 possess+ !mselves !re9 ( sc>cely any real fruit1 !y are only captivat$ by ! enjoym5t ( great] lib]ty2 !y run headlong into vice1 & are soon to become tea*]s !mselves ( a type1 :i*1 to put x z g5tly z possible1 ,i w call immature4 ,z to ! me?ods1 ev] easi] & easi]1 :i* are be+ excogitat$1 :atev] conv5i5ce may be f\nd 9 !m1 !re is ?is grave inconv5i5ce2 fir/1 t :at is acquir$ )\t labor adh]es b lightly to ! m9d1 & :at is summ>ily ga!r$ 9 is summ>ily =gott52 secondly1 & ?is1 ?\gh n adv]t$ to by _m1 is a mu* m s]i\s injury1 almo/ ! pr9cipal fruit ( a boy's tra9+ is sacrific$1 :i* is1 accu/om+ himself f an e>ly age to s]i\s application ( m9d1 & to t delib]ate ex]tion :i* is requir$ = h>d "w4 ,9 "s po9ts1 h[ev]1 :i* d n conc]n ! sub/ance ( education1 ! necessities ( our times require u to modify ! practice ( our pr$ecessors4 ,& to consult ! requirem5ts ( su* necessities1 f> f be+ ali5 to our pr9ciples1 is altoge!r 9 keep+ ) ! ,in/itute4 ,9 ! sup]ior c\rses1 h[ _m que/ions are !re :i* =m]ly nev] ent]$ into controv]sy1 :i* n[ are vehem5tly assault$1 & mu/ be e/abli%$ by solid argum5ts1 le/ ! v f\ndations ( tru? be sapp$6 ,!re=e ! que/ions :i* are alive call = special discussion1 solution1 refutation4 ,9 ,physics & ,ma!matics we mu/ n prove false to ! traditions ( ! ,society1 by neglect+ ^! c\rses :i* h n[ m\nt$ to a rank ( ! highe/ honor4 ,if _m h abus$ ^! sci5ces to ! detrim5t ( religion1 we %\ld be s mu* ! f>!r f rel9qui%+ !m on t acc\nt4 ,r1 on t acc\nt1 %\ld ! memb]s ( ! ,ord] apply !mselves ) ! m ardor to ^! pursuits & snat* ! weapons f ! h&s ( ! foe1 & ) ! same arms1 :i* !y abuse to attack ! tru?1 come =w>d 9 its def5ce4 ,= tru? is always consi/5t ) itself1 & 9 all ! sci5ces x /&s erect1 ev] "o & ! same2 nor is x possible t :at is true 9 ,physics & ,ma!matics %\ld contradict tru? ( a high] ord]4 ,f9ally1 9 ! me?od ( conduct+ ! l[] /udies1 "s accessory bran*es %\ld h "t provid$ = !m1 especially ! v]nacul> tongues & lit]atures4 ,b ! /udy ( ,lat9 & ,greek lett]s mu/ always rema9 intact & be ! *ief object ( att5tion4 ,z !y h always be5 ! pr9cipal s\rces1 exhibit+ ! mo/ p]fect models ( lit]>y beauty 9 precept & /yle1 s are !y /ill4 ,&1 if !y 7 kept m be=e ! eyes & m9d1 we %\ld n see issu+ f ! press1 day aft] day1 s _m productions ( tal5t$ m51 ) a diction & /yle no less novel & s+ul>1 ?an are ! ?\ghts & op9ions to :i* !y give expression4 ,! commonalty reg>d !m ) admir+ awe & /upor2 b m5 ( k & correct ta/e look ) commis]ation & grief on ^! unmi/akable signs ( an eloqu5ce1 no less deprav$ ?an ! morals ( ! times4 ,! adaptation ( ! ,ratio ,/udiorum1 !re=e1 means t we consult ! necessities ( ! age s f> z n 9 ! lea/ to sacrifice ! solid & correct education ( y\?4#cef ,?is is ! sub/ance ( a docum5t n unwor?y ( ! lett]s & ord9ances 9 behalf ( education1 issu$ by a long l9e ( exp]i5c$ & le>n$ judges 9 ! art ( tra9+ y\?4 ,! modifications made 9 ! old ,ratio h be5 few2 & ,i h tak5 note ( !m 9 ! prec$+ analysis4 ,s !n ! edifice ( ! pa/ /&s1 ) ! late/ modifications introduc$ into its faade by ! _s ( ! pres5t4 ,z ! monum5tal /ructures :i* /ud ! soil ( ,europe1 & are set amid royal p>ks or ri* fields ( wav+ gra91 h be5 tributes ( devotion f pr9ces ( ! *ur* or pr9ces ( ! l&1 & are n only ! memorials ( k+s or peoples1 b are especially ! ar*itectural record ( c5turies2 s a sy/em recogniz$ 9 hi/ory z great1 elevat$ 9 ! ord] ( highe/ human a*ievem5t1 t ( educat+ humanity1 & re/+ on ! basis ( olde/ traditions & ! wisdom ( ! remote/ pa/1 has n be5 ! "w ( an ord9>y individual1 nor ( a day4 ,ma/]s 9 _! art1 & c5turies 9 _! duration1 h comb9$ to build x up1 a monum5t ( ! practice & !ory ( g5]ations4 ,) devot$ zeal & prud5ce1 secul> communities1 & ev5 pagans 9 times f> gone by1 _h br\ght ! /ones1 & contribut$ ti!s to ! erection ( ! fabric4 ,b x is only too well kn[n t ,ecclesia/ics & ,religi\s m5 h be5 ! ar*itects ( ! monum5t z x /&s4 ,& !y did n build bett] ?an !y knew2 = _! /ructure is precisely "o ( k1 *iefly ( div9e k1 rais$ into a consi/5t !ory1 & honor$ by ! mo/ practical use4 ,s ! v fir/ s5t5ce 9 ! ,ratio ,/udiorum1 speak+ ( ! abundant practical fruit to be ga!r$ f ?is manifold labor ( ! s*ools1 m5tions t fruit z be+ ! k & love ( ! ,creator4 ,i may be p]mitt$ !n to close ?is "w by quot+ _! own poetry1 :i* is inscrib$ on a /atue ( ,*ri/4 ,! /atue ov]looks a p>k 9 front ( x1 & ! fields h>d by1 & ! ri* g>d5 ( /udi\s y\?1 )9 ! college walls alongside4 ,?us "o inscription reads3-- ,,tibi ,,haec ,,arva ,,rid5t ,,atque ,,agg]e ,,complanato ,,hae ,,floribus ,,nit5t ,,areolae ,,et ,,pubes ,,undique ,,accita ,,virtutibus ,,sci5tiis ,,que ,,adolescit4#ceg ,& aga9 ! granite reads3-- ,,quas ,,circum ,,c]nis ,,*ri/o ,,urnae ,,floribus ,,halant ,,ne ,,c>pe ,,ince/o ,,pollice ,,quisque ,,fuas4#ceh ,,bibliographical ,,app5dix1 ,,indicat+ ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,s\rces ,,& ,,o!r ,,works1 ,,m ,,easy ,,( ,,access4 ,,pa*tl]1 ,g4 ,m41 ,s4 ,j43 ,ratio atque ,in/itutio ,/udiorum1 #aehf2 ,ratio ,/udiorum1 #aeii1 #ahcb2 & o!r p$agogical docum5ts3--,compris$ 9 ,,monum5ta ,,g]mani ,p,,dagogica1 vols4 ii1 v1 ix 7to be foll[$ by o!rs72 ,b]l91 ,a4 ,h(mann ,co41 #ahhg4 ,,j\vancy1 ,,jos41 ,s4 ,j43 ,ratio ,disc5di et ,doc5di pro ,magi/ris ,s*ol>um ,inf]iorum1 #a vol4 #abmo2 ,avignon1 ,fr4 ,segu91 #ahbe4 ,,sac*9i1 ,,franc41 ,s4 ,j43 ,p>nesis ad ,magi/ros ,s*ol>um ,inf]iorum ,soc4 ,jes42 ,protrepticon ad ,magi/ros ,s*ol>um ,inf]iorum ,soc4 ,jes4---- ,,judde1 ,,claude1 ,s4 ,j43 ,in/ruction p\r les ,jeunes ,pr(esseurs qui enseign5t les ,humanits3--,compris$ 9 ,,manuel ,,des ,,jeunes ,,pr(esseurs1 #a vol4 #ahmo2 ,p>is1 ,p\ssielgue-,rus&1 #ahdb4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cr,,t9eau-,,joly1 ,,monsieur ,m4 ,j43 ,hi/oire ,religieuse1 ,politique et ,littraire de la ,compagnie de ,jsus1 #f vols4 #abmo2 #c;d edit42 ,p>is1 ,v4 ,p\ssielgue-,rus&1 #ahea4 ,,mayn>d1 ,,monsieur ,l',,abb3 ,! ,/udies & ,tea*+ ( ! ,society ( ,jesus1 #a vol4 #hvo2 ,baltimore1 ,john ,murphy ,co41 #ahee4 ,,! ,,jesuits3 ,_! ,f\ndation & ,hi/ory1 by ,b4 ,n41 #b vols4 #hvo2 ,b5zig] ,bros41 ,new ,york1 #ahgi4 ,,g5elli1 ,,*ri/oph]1 ,s4 ,j43 ,life ( ,/4 ,ignatius ( ,loyola1 #a vol4 #hvo2 ,b5zig] ,bros41 ,new ,york4 ,,de ,,ro*emonteix1 ,,camille1 ,s4 ,j43 ,un ,collge de ,jsuites aux ,,xviie4 et ,,xviiie4 sicles1 ,le ,collge ,h5ri ,,iv4 de la ,fl*e1 #d vols4 9 #hvo2 ,le ,mans1 ,legui*eux1 #ahhi4 ,,daniel1 ,,*>les1 ,s4 ,j43 ,les ,jsuites ,in/ituteurs de la ,jeunesse ,franaise1 au ,,xviie4 et au ,,xviiie4 sicle1 #a vol4 #abmo2 ,p>is1 ,victor ,palm1 #ahhj4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,de ,,back]1 ,,augu/91 ,s4 ,j43 ,biblio?que des criva9s de la ,compagnie de ,jsus1 ou ,notices ,bibliographiques #ao de ,t\s les ,ouvrages ,publis p> les ,membres c41 #bo des ,apologies1 des ,controv]ses ,religieuses1 des ,critiques ,littraires et ,sci5tifiques ,suscites leur sujet2 #c l>ge folios 7see above1 page #acd72 ,lige1 *ez l',auteur1 ,a4 ,de ,back]2 ,p>is1 *ez l',auteur1 ,c4 ,somm]vogel1 #ahfi4 ,only #bjj copies 7 /ruck (f2 x is embodi$ & amplifi$ 9 ! foll[+1 n[ 9 process ( publication3-- ,,somm]vogel1 ,,c>los1 ,s4 ,j43 ,biblio?que de la ,compagnie de ,jsus3--,premire p>tie1 ,bibliographie2 seconde p>tie1 ,hi/oire4 ,bibliographie1 tom4 i1 ,abad-,b\j>t1 9 #dto1 d\ble colonne1 #aibh col42 ,bruxelles1 ,osc> ,s*ep5s1 #af1 rue ,treur5b]g2 ,p>is1 ,alphonse ,pic>d1 #hb1 rue ,bonap>te1 #ahij4 ,,wetz] ,,und ,,welte',s ,,kir*5lexicon3 #b;d edit41 by ,c>d9al ,h]g5roe!r & ,dr4 ,f4 ,kaul52 vol4 vi1 ,jesuit51 col4 #acgd-adbd2 ,freiburg1 ,b5jam9 ,h]d]1 #ahhi4 ,typography by ,j4 ,s4 ,cu%+ ,co41 ,bo/on1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,presswork by ,b]wick ,smi?1 ,bo/on1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,,index4 ,abram1 ,fa!r ,ni*olas1 #bde ,academies ( ! ,jesuits1 #gf ,alb]1 ,fa!r ,f]d9&1 #bdb ,all51 ,c>d9al1 #eg ,alv>ez1 ,gramm> (1 #afg ,&]l$y1 ,fa!r ,an?ony1 #abh ,aquaviva1 ,fa!r ,claudius1 #eb1 #ei1 #gj1 #hb2 ! fif? ,g5]al ( ! ,ord]1 #abf2 creates a commission to draw up a me?od ( /udies1 #add2 provisional rules (1 #adh ,aqu9as1 ,/4 ,?omas1 #aa1 #de2 ! /&>d 9 !ology1 #adh ,arg5to1 ,fa!r ,john1 #ga1 #gf ,ari/otle1 use (1 #aff ,a/ronomical obs]vations ( ! ,jesuits1 #agb ,augu/9e1 #i ,azor1 ,john1 #add ,bacon1 ,"l1 #df1 #ic2 8 debt to ,possev9o1 #id ,bad]1 ,fa!r ,george1 #ajd1 #ajg ,bayonne1 ! ,college (1 #if ,beckx1 ,fa!r1 #abh ,bell>m9e1 lit]>y productiv5ess (1 #ace ,belles-lettres1 #hb2 ! ,jesuits prem95t 9 ! /udy (1 #ahi ,b]*mans1 ,john1 #aac ,blair's ,rhetoric1 #acb1 #beb ,bo>d+ colleges1 #ajj ,bobadilla1 ,ni*olas1 #cc1 #dc ,bonald1 ,visc\nt de1 #g ,bonav5ture1 ,/41 #aa ,borgia1 ,francis1 #bd2 succe$s ,laynez1 #ff1 #aaj2 f\nds ! ,roman college1 #aaa2 ! ?ird ,g5]al ( ! ,ord]1 #abd ,borromeo1 ,/4 ,*>les1 #gc ,bossuet1 #ff ,b\rdal\e1 #ajf1 #afe ,broecka]t1 ,fa!r1 #afg ,br\et1 ,pasqui]1 #cc ,buff]1 ,fa!r1 ,practical ,hi/ory (1 #afh ,buys1 ,fa!r1 #gc1 #add ,calasanzio1 ,fa!r ,joseph1 8 ,pi\s ,s*ool1 #bfj ,calcutta1 ,jesuit s*ool at1 #bfh ,campano1 ,fa!r1 #ff ,campian1 ,edmund1 #eg1 #bab ,canisius1 ,fa!r ,pet]1 #ij2 ! ,cate*ism (1 #acd1 #bdb ,c>affa1 ,g5]al ,v9c5t1 #ha1 #abh ,ca?>9e ,,ii41 #abi ,c5turione1 ,fa!r ,aloysius1 #abh ,c]da1 ,de la1 ,fa!r1 #bde ,*alotais1 ,la1 #dd ,*ri/ian s*ools1 #c ,cic]o us$ z a text-book1 #aff ,class h\rs1 #aif ,classical lit]ature 9 ! s*eme ( ,jesuit education1 #bej ,clavius1 ,fa!r ,*ri/oph]1 #agj ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 #dc ,clem5t ,,xiv4 dissolves ! ,ord]1 #abi ,coduri1 ,john1 #cc1 #ec ,coimbra1 univ]sity at1 #aji ,colleges1 ,jesuit1 numb] (1 #gj et seq42 rise (1 9 ,spa91 #aaj ,confessional1 !1 9 educational in/itutions1 #ajb ,coton1 ,fa!r1 #ff ,cret9eau-,joly1 ,m41 #ci ,d',alemb]t1 #d ,daniel1 ,fa!r ,*>les1 #df1 #ic ,daniel1 ,g41 #afi ,de ,back]s1 #fg1 #fi2 8 diction>y ( ,jesuit au?ors1 #acd ,desc>tes1 #ib ,dictation1 h[ practis$ 9 ! ,jesuit sem9>ies1 #bag et seq42 objections to1 by ,possev9o1 #bbc ,disputation1 ! place (1 9 ! ,jesuit sy/em1 #aih1 #bji et seq42 syllogi/ic or discursive1 #bab2 num]\s att5dance ^u requir$1 #bac2 sup]9t5d5ce (1 #bae ,div9ity1 c\rses 91 #aia et seq4 ,doctr9e1 uni=mity (1 among ! ,jesuits1 #adb ,dom5*1 ,fa!r ,j]ome1 #aaj ,drevon1 ,m41 #bhg ,dupanl\p1 #ii ,educational sy/em ( ! ,jesuits1 ! tributes ( ,ranke & ,d',alemb]t to1 #d2 ! ,revolution ! sequel ( ! ov]?r[ (1 #f2 explanation ( its rise1 #ad2 k9%ip betwe5 x & ! ,p>is univ]sity1 #cb2 def9$1 #dc2 developm5t (1 #eb2 z =mulat$ 9 ! ,con/itution1 #ef et seq42 ,laynez's rule conc]n+ ! sy/em ( colleges1 #ei2 no tuition fees1 #ff1 #aag2 sy/em & me?od (1 #fg2 numb] ( colleges1 #gj2 numb] ( /ud5ts1 #ga et seq42 ramifications (1 #gd et seq42 scope & me?od (1 #hb et seq42 classification (1 #hg2 grades 91 #hi2 subord9ate elem5ts 91 #hi et seq42 moral scope (1 #ih et seq42 vacations1 #ajd2 asc5d5cy ( ! ma/]s1 #ajg2 law & m$ic9e 91 #aaf2 ! /udy ( ma!matics 91 #abg2 ! developm5t ( geography1 hi/ory1 & physics1 #abg2 ! ,ratio ,/udiorum1 #adc et seq42 ! practice & ord] ( /udies1 #aeb2 result (1 ! =mation ( pr(essors1 #aef2 ! lit]>y curriculum1 #aeh2 pr(ici5cy 9 belles-lettres1 #aei2 ! /udy ( hi/ory1 #afh2 ( geography1 #afi2 ( ma!matics1 #agj2 mann] ( in/ruction1 #agf2 philosophy /udi$ aft] ! lit]>y c\rses1 #agh2 ma/]s advance ) _! s*ol>s1 #ahj2 ! rectors1 #ahf2 ! /udy ( div9ity1 #aia et seq42 c\rses 9 div9ity1 #aig2 ?or\ghness (1 #bje2 ! use ( disputation1 #bjh et seq42 ! place ( dictation 91 #bag et seq42 co-ord9ation ( ! c\rses 91 #bbg2 ! prelection1 #bcc2 /udy ( ! classical lit]atures1 #bej et seq42 s*ool managem5t1 #bee et seq42 ! l[e/ grade1 #bfj2 sy/em ( exam9ations1 #bfb et seq42 academic degrees1 #bfe2 lit]>y curriculum1 #bgj2 philosophical curriculum1 #bgd2 !ological curriculum1 #bgh2 di/ribution ( "t1 #bgi2 orig9 & evolution ( ! sy/em1 #bhf ,expurgat+ au?ors1 #ajc ,frib\rg1 ,jesuit univ]sity suppress$ at1 #acj ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 lett] (1 to ,voltaire1 #gi1 #abi ,g5]als ( ! ,ord]1 #abd et seq4 ,geography1 me?od ( tea*+1 #afi ,g]many1 ,loyola1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,jesuit ord] 91 #aad ,g]man college 9 ,rome1 #aag ,goa1 sem9>y at1 #gd1 #aji ,gonzaga1 ,aloysius1 #aac ,gonzales1 ,gasp>1 #add ,gramm>1 #agi2 prelection 9 ! grade (1 #bcg2 me?od ( tea*+ ! classical languages 91 #bch2 ! daily lesson 91 #bda ,gregory ,,xiii41 papal sem9>ies f\nd$ by1 #gc ,grotius1 #gi ,guisani1 ,an?ony1 #add ,huebn]1 ,b>on von1 #g ,humanity1 ! c\rse 91 #hc et seq41 #aeh1 #ahh2 ! prelection 9 ! grade (1 #bcg ,+ol/adt1 univ]sity at1 #aae ,janss51 #aah ,jesus1 ,society (1 bir?day (1 #cc1 #cd2 receives its bull ( confirmation1 #ea2 con/itution (1 #ed et seq42 n admitt$ to ,g]many at ! pres5t day1 #abc ,j\vancy1 #bi1 #abg2 8 ,ratio ,disc5di et ,doc5di1 #afb1 #bdb ,kessel1 ,fa!r1 #fj ,kleutg51 ,fa!r1 ,ars ,doc5di (1 #afg ,knox1 ,john1 #add ,ko/ka1 ,/anislaus1 #aac ,lat9 composition1 elegant comm& (1 by ! ,jesuits1 #ahh ,laval1 univ]sity (1 #bfi ,law & m$ic9e /udi$ 9 ! ,jesuit univ]sities1 #aaf ,laynez1 ,james1 #bh1 #cc1 #ed2 elect$ successor to ,loyola1 #ee1 #ei1 #abd ,le ,jay1 ,claude1 #cc ,lefvre1 ,pet]1 #cc1 #aaj et seq4 ,l5ormant1 ,*>les1 #ajj ,lit]>y productiv5ess ( ! ,jesuits1 #acd ,lit]>y curriculum ( ! ,jesuits at pres5t1 #bgj et seq4 ,loyola1 ,/4 ,ignatius (1 #h2 beg9s 8 education1 #ae2 /ory ( 8 life1 #ai et seq42 becomes a ma/] ( arts1 #cc2 8 self-discipl9e1 #cf2 at ,rome1 #dj1 #ec2 promulgates ! con/itution ( 8 ,ord]1 #ee2 dea? (1 #ee1 #aai2 8 educational sy/em1 #ef2 8 c>e = ,g]many1 #aad2 f\nds a ,g]man college 9 ,rome1 #aag2 8 educational policy successful1 #aah ,mai/re1 ,c\nt de1 #f ,maldonado1 a d\ble-head$ disputant1 #bab ,moriana1 #aab1 #afh ,ma!matics 9 ! ,jesuit sy/em ( education1 #agj et seq4 ,m]curian1 ,fa!r ,ev]>d1 ! f\r? ,g5]al ( ! ,ord]1 #abf ,montague1 college (1 ,loyola at1 #ca ,montmor5cy1 ,fa!r1 #fe ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 !1 #ge ,moral education1 !1 prescrib$ by ,loyola1 #ajb ,nadal1 ,j]ome1 #abj ,ne!rl&s1 ,jesuit s*ools 91 #e ,nickel1 ,fa!r ,gosw91 #abh ,olave1 ,m>t91 #abj ,oliva1 ,g5]al ,paul1 #gc1 #abh ,pa*tl]1 ,fa!r1 #fc1 #gf ,papal ,sem9>ies f\nd$ by ,gregory ,,xiii41 #gc ,p>ma1 ,duke (1 #fi ,p>is ,univ]sity1 !1 #ac2 ,loyola at1 #be ,p>sons1 ,rob]t1 #eg ,pascual1 ,john ,sacri/a1 #ba ,p$agogics 9 ! ,ratio ,/udiorum1 #adg ,pelti]1 ,fa!r ,john1 #aaa ,p]ry1 #fg ,petau1 ,fa!r ,d5is1 #afg ,philosophy1 c\rse (1 :at x includes1 #agc ,philosophical ,curriculum1 !1 at ! pres5t "t1 #bge et seq4 ,piccolom9i1 ,fa!r ,francis1 #abh1 #bca ,polanco1 ,john1 #aae1 #abj ,pore1 ,pre1 ,voltaire's preceptor1 #acb1 #bde ,playf]1 ,dr41 #id ,plato1 #ih ,possev9o1 ,fa!r ,an?ony1 ,bacon's =]unn]1 #id1 #ajc1 #ajg ,prlectio1 ! typical =m ( ,jesuit in/ruction1 #bcb et seq4 ,pr(essors =m$ by ! ,jesuit sy/em1 #aef et seq42 lit]>y productions expect$ f1 #ahh2 9 ! ,jesuit ,sem9>ies1 cord9ation betwe51 #bcj ,prov9cial ,lett]s ( ,pascal1 #aje ,qu9tilian1 use (1 #aff ,ranke1 ,von ,leopold1 #d1 #aad1 #aah ,rap91 ,pre1 #acb2 works (1 #bdf ,ratio ,/udiorum1 !1 #h1 #cb1 #eb1 #ef1 #hf1 #hi1 #adc2 =mation (1 by ,aquaviva1 #add et seq41 #aea1 #aeb2 f9al =m (1 #aed1 #ahc1 #bcj1 #bce ,rectors ( colleges1 duties (1 #ahf ,repetition1 9 ! s*eme ( ,jesuit education1 #aih2 9 ! ,gramm> ,grade1 #bdj ,revolution1 ! ,fr5*1 #f ,rhetoric1 in/ruction 91 #hi1 #agh et seq42 d\ble prelection 91 #bcd ,ribad5eira1 #bi1 #ed1 #hg1 #hi1 #ajb ,riccioli1 ,fa!r1 #afi ,rob]tson1 #gi ,ro*emonteix1 ,fa!r1 #hj1 #hh ,rodriguez1 ,simon1 #cc ,roman ,college1 !1 #ajc2 f\nd$ by ,lefvre1 #aaa2 o!r colleges foll[+ its c\rse1 #aab ,roo?aan1 ,fa!r1 #bhi ,rossignol1 #ace ,rue1 ,fa!r de la1 au?or ( ! ,delph9 ,virgil1 #bdf ,sac*9i1 #ed1 #agg ,sa9t-,yves1 college (1 #hj ,salm]on1 ,alphonsus1 #cc ,sec*i1 ,fa!r1 #fg ,s*all1 ,adam1 #afi ,s*e9]1 ,fa!r1 #afi ,s*ola/ics1 ,jesuit1 expect$ to tea*1 #agf ,s*ools1 ! ca!dral1 #i2 ( /udy1 ( ! ,jesuits1 #abg ,s*ool managem5t1 #bee et seq4 ,sirmond1 ,james1 #afg ,sodalities1 !1 #ajc1 #beh ,somm]vogel1 #fg1 #acd ,s\?well1 ,fa!r ,na?aniel1 #acc ,sorbon1 ,rob]t (1 #bjh1 #baa ,spiritual ,ex]cises1 !1 #bg ,/onyhur/1 #bfh ,/rada1 ,damian1 #afh ,/rada1 ,fa!r ,francis1 #aia ,/rassmey]1 #fg ,/udies1 ,practice & ,ord] (1 9 ,jesuit sem9>ies1 #aeb ,su>ez1 ,francis1 #aab1 #bjc ,text-books ( ! ,jesuits1 #aca ,!ological in/ruction1 me?od (1 #bjb et seq4 ,!ological curriculum at ! pres5t "t1 #bgh et seq4 ,!ology1 s*ola/ic1 ,jesuit au?ors 91 #bjc ,tirabos*i1 #afe ,t(fia1 ,vittoria1 #aab ,tucci1 ,/eph51 #add ,tyre1 ,james1 #add ,univ]sity sy/em1 rise ( !1 #aj ,urban ,,viii41 #db ,vacations 9 ! ,jesuit sy/em1 #ajd ,v]bie/1 ,f]d9&1 #afi ,v]nacul>1 ! /udy (1 #afd1 #bdb ,vi5na & ,+ol/adt1 ! ,jesuits fir/ c5tres 9 ,g]many1 #aae ,villanova1 ,francis1 #bd1 #aaj ,visconti1 ,ignatius1 #c1 #abh ,vitelles*i1 ,mutius1 #gj1 #ajh2 ! six? g5]al ( ! ord]1 #abf1 #aca ,voltaire1 tribute (1 to ! morality ( ! ,jesuits1 #aje1 #acb2 & ,pre ,pore1 #bdd ,xavi]1 ,francis1 #cc1 #cg1 #fi1 #aji ,zacc>ia1 lit]>y productiv5ess (1 #acd ,ziegl]1 ,fa!r1 #agj ,,footnotes3 #a ,*ri/ian ,s*ools & ,s*ol>s1 by ,a4 ,t4 ,drane2 #ahha2 la/ *apt]4 #b ,on ! ,fur!r+ ( ,humane ,/udies2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 p4 #abi4 #c ,hi/ory ( ! ,papacy1 vol4 i1 book v1 #c2 ,jesuit ,s*ools 9 ,g]many4 #d ,sur la de/ruction des ,jsuites1 p> un auteur ds9tress1 p4 #ai4 #e ,imago ,primi ,sculi1 lib4 vi1 ,societas ,fl&ro-,belgica1 cap4 iii1 #a1 p4 #ggb4 #f ,crt9eau-,joly1 ,hi/oire de la ,compagnie de ,jsus1 tom4 iv1 *4 #c1 p4 #baj2 #cme edit4 #ahea4 #g ,hi/oire de l',univ]sit de ,p>is1 p> ,*>les ,j\rda91 liv4 i1 *4 #a2 quot$ ) o!r te/imonies1 9 ! le>n$ "w1 ,un ,collge de ,jsuites aux xvii & xviii sicles1 ,le ,collge ,h5ri iv de la ,fl*e1 p> le ,p4 ,camille de ,ro*emonteix1 #ahhi2 tom4 i1 *4 #a1 p4 #c4 #h ,ex]citia ,spiritualia4 #i ,ranke1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,papacy1 vol4 i1 book ii1 #g4 #aj ,g5elli1 ,life ( ,/4 ,ignatius ,loyola1 p4 #cea4 #aa ,imago ,primi ,sculi1 lib4 iv1 cap4 ix1 pp4 #eba-b2 ,de ,calumniis4 #ab ,j\vancy1 ,epitome ,hi/4 ,s4 ,j41 p4 #afh1 ad annum #aeea4 #ac ,advancem5t ( ,le>n+1 book i2 ,philadelphia edit4 #ahda1 vol4 i1 p4 #afg4 #ad ,mon? ( ,july1 tom4 vii2 auct4 ,j4 ,p41 xviii1 pp4 #ddc-d4 #ae ,g5elli1 ,life ( ,/4 ,ignatius ,loyola1 "p i1 *4 #h4 #af ,boll&i/s1 z above1 nn4 #cac-d2 ibid41 ,su>ez1 ,nigronius1 & o!rs4 #ag ,g5elli1 ,life ( ,/4 ,ignatius ,loyola1 "p ii1 *4 #ac4 #ah ,bulla canoniz4 ,s4 ,ign4 de ,loyola1 #bb4 #ai ,boll&i/s1 nn4 #cac-d2 #cag4 #bj ,boll&i/s1 ,july1 tom4 vii1 auct4 ,j4 ,p41 xxvii1 xxviii4 #ba ,nigronius2 ,boll&i/s1 n4 #cag4 #bb ,apocalypse1 *4 xviii1 #ac4 #bc ,advancem5t ( ,le>n+1 book i1 p4 #agf2 ,phila4 edit4 #bd ,pre ,*>les ,daniel ,s4 ,j41 ,des tudes ,classiques dans la ,socit ,*rti5ne1 *4 #h1 ,la ,concile de ,tr5te2 #ahec4 #be ,boll&i/s1 auct4 ,j4 ,p41 nn4 #bic-g4 #bf ,boll&i/s1 n4 #bib4 #bg ,gagli>di4 #bh ,hi/4 ,s4 ,j41 #b;da p>s1 ,la9ius2 ad annum #aefd1 n4 #bbj1 p4 #cdj4 #bi ,*iefly f ,p4 ,enrico ,vasco1 ,s4 ,j41 ,il ,ratio ,/udiorum ,addattato ecc1 vol4 i1 cap4 vii1 n4 #cc1 a private memoir1 #ahea4 #cj ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 ii1 p4 #ga2 ,ratio ,/udiorum1 etc41 by ,g4 ,m4 ,pa*tl]1 ,s4 ,j42 ,b]l91 #ahhg4 #ca ,ibid4 ,pa*tl]1 p4 #ccd seq4 #cb ,ibid4 ,pa*tl]1 p4 #ccg seq4 #cc ,g5elli1 "p ii1 *4 #h4 #cd ,j\vancy1 ,epitome ,hi/4 ,s4 ,j41 ,anno ,*ri/i1 #aedg4 #ce ,vasco1 vol4 i1 cap4 vii1 n4 #cc seq4 #cf ,orl&9i1 ,boll&i/s1 n4 #hdc4 #cg ,boll&i/s1 n4 #hci4 #ch ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 p4 #gb4 #ci ,con/itutiones ,s4 ,j41 p>s iv1 decl>ationes 9 prooemium4 #dj ,sac*9i1 p>s iii1 lib4 i1 nn4 #cf-db4 #da ,sac*9i1 p>s iii1 ,borgia2 lib4 i1 nn4 #cf seq4 #db ,sac*9i1 p>s v1 ,claudius ,aquaviva1 tom4 prior2 lib4 iv1 n4 #ha4 #dc ,re*]*es sur la ,compagnie de ,jsus en ,france au temps du ,pre ,coton1 p> le ,p4 ,prat1 tom4 ii1 p4 #bif4 #dd ,con/itutiones ,s4 ,j41 p>s iv1 cap4 vii1 n4 #c4 #de ,biblio?que des criva9s de la ,compagnie de ,jsus1 ,preface1 #ahfi4 #df ,crt9eau-,joly2 ,hi/oire ,religieuse1 ,politique et ,littraire de la ,compagnie de ,jsus1 tom4 ii1 *4 iv1 p4 #agf2 troisime dit4 #ahea4 #dg ,de ,in/itutione ,juv5tutis2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 p4 #fa4 #dh ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii2 ,pa*tl]1 p4 xx4 #di ,!y are catalogu$ by ,ro*emonteix1 ,collge ,h5ri ,,iv1 tom4 ii1 *4 i1 p4 #eg1 note4 #ej ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix2 ,pa*tl]1 p4 #aib1 n4 #c4 #ea ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 pp4 #aaj-b4 #eb ,ar*4 ,rh5i ,sup41 quot$ by ,pa*tl]2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 p4 #aaj2 see also ! lett] ( ! ,g5]al ,john ,paul ,oliva1 ibid4 p4 #ajf4 #ec ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii2 ,pa*tl]1 p4 xx4 #ed ,vol4 ix1 pp4 #cbb-chi4 #ee ,mayn>d2 ,! ,/udies & ,tea*+ ( ! ,society ( ,jesus1 at ! ,"t ( its ,suppression1 #agej-aggc2 ,baltimore edit4 #ahhe1 *4 #b2 ,! ,jesuits 9 ,g]many1 pp4 #aab-c4 #ef #aggg1 #ah novembre1 ,o,euvres de ,voltaire1 vol4 xcv1 p4 #bjg2 edit4 #ahcb4 #eg ,lettre ,voltaire1 #g juillet1 #aggj2 ,o,euvres de ,voltaire1 tom4 xii1 p4 #die2 edit4 #ahag4 #eh ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #ceh-i4 #ei ,le ,collge ,h5ri ,,iv1 tom4 ii1 *4 #a1 p4 #bj4 #fj ,f]n& ,butel1 ,docteur en ,droit1 etc42 ,l'ducation des ,jsuites autrefois et auj\rd'hui1 ,un ,collge ,breton1 *4 #a1 p4 #ea2 p4 #ai2 p4 #bh2 ,p>is1 ,firm9-,didot1 #ahij4 #fa ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 p4 #fe4 #fb ,con/itutiones1 p>s iv1 c4 #g1 n4 #a4 #fc ,=mul accept&orum ,collegiorum1 etc41 summ>ium2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 ,pa*tl]1 p4 #cch4 #fd ,ibid4 #fe ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 ,pa*tl]1 p4 #gf1 #e4 ,_! curriculum 0 enl>g$ 9 #ahbi2 ibid41 p4 #aaj1 #f4 #ff ,ratio ,/udiorum #aeii2 ,reg4 ,prov4 #ba1 #d4 ,pa*tl]1 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 p4 #beh4 #fg ,con/itutiones1 ibid4 #fh ,con/itutiones1 p>s iv1 c4 #ab4 #fi ,con/itutiones1 p>s iv1 c4 #e1 n4 #a4 #gj ,con/itutiones1 p>s iv1 c4 #i1 n4 #c4 #ga ,ibid41 c4 #e1 n4 #a1 ,c4 #gb ,*4 xi4 bel[4 #gc ,con/itutiones1 p>s iv1 c4 #f1 n4 #b4 #gd ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 p4 #caa4 #ge ,ibid41 p4 #caj1 note4 #gf ,ribad5eira1 ,boll&i/s1 ,july1 tom4 vii1 nn4 #cce seq4 #gg ,le ,collge ,h5ri ,,iv41 tom4 iii1 pp4 #e-g4 #gh ,comp>e ! ord9ance ( ,fa!r ,oliv] ,man>e1 #aehc1 n4 #aad2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bfi4 #gi ,con/itutiones1 p>s iv1 c4 #ac1 n4 #d4 #hj ,boll&i/s1 ibid41 #cgf-g4 #ha ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 ,pa*tl]1 p4 #afi4 #hb ,l'ducation des ,jsuites autrefois1 etc41 p> ,dr4 ,f4 ,butel1 *4 #a1 pp4 #bb-h4 ,?is au?or sket*es agreeably ! means t\*$ ^u 9 ! text1 & 8 ref]5ces are useful4 #hc ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 ,pa*tl]1 p4 #bfa4 ,addita qudam ,ex]citiis ,litt]>iis ,humani/>um1 #aehj2 prior to ! complet$ ,ratio ,/udiorum4 #hd ,ibid41 p4 #bfb4 #he ,lettre xc4 #hf ,comp>e ,*ateaubri&'s ,g5ius ( ,*ri/ianity1 "p iv1 book vi1 ,recapitulation2 translation by ,dr4 ,*as4 ,i4 ,:ite2 ,baltimore1 #ahhd1 p4 #fcg seq4 #hg ,p>is1 ,victor ,palm1 #ahhj4 #hh ,works2 ,philadelphia edit4 #ahei1 vol4 i1 p4 #bdd4 #hi ,biblio!ca ,selecta 9 qua agitur de ,ratione ,/udiorum1 9 ,hi/oria1 9 ,discipl9is1 9 ,salute ,omnium procur&a4 ,de ,back] 9 8 ,biblio?que des criva9s de la ,compagnie de ,jsus gives ! li/ ( republications1 ei!r 9 :ole or 9 "p4 ,somm]vogel's new "w1 royal qu>to1 ,biblio?que de la ,compagnie de ,jsus1 #ahij1 has rea*$ ?us f> only to ! lett] ,b2 h5ce ,possev9o is n yet ent]$4 #ij ,ibid41 p4 #ahg4 #ia ,ibid41 p4 #acf4 #ib ,*4 #aj1 ( book #a1 ,ratio ,collegiorum et ,s*ol>um1 etc41 end ( *apt]2 ,roman edit4 #ic ,hi/oire d'un ,collge ,municipal aux ,,xvie1 ,,xviie1 et ,,xviiie sicles 444 ,bayonne avant #aghi4 ,?se pres5te la ,facult des ,lettres de ,t\l\se1 p> ,j4 ,m4 ,drevon1 c5seur des tudes au ,lyce d',ag51 #ahij4 ,ab\t #ejj pages4 #id ,pp4 #afj-bcd4 #ie ,p4 #dbi4 #if ,dante1 ,p>ad4 viii4 #ig ,de ,la ,haute ducation ,intellectuelle1 liv4 iv1 * #d4 ,comp>e ,vasco1 vol4 i1 n4 #bd4 #ih ,essais sur l',in/ruction ,publique1 p> ,*>les ,l5ormant1 membre de l',in/itut2 quot$ by ,ro*emonteix1 ,le ,collge ,h5ri ,,iv1 tom4 ii1 *4 #a1 p4 #di1 9 8 v in/ructive discussion on ! ,jesuit int]nat1 or p5sionnat4 #ii ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 ,pa*tl]1 p4 #gh4 #ajj ,con/41 "p iv1 *4 #c1 decl4 ,b4 #aja ,turpissimis signis4 #ajb ,biblio!ca ,selecta1 lib4 i1 *4 #dd2 ,quasnam tet5d]it insidias humani g5]is ho/is1 etc4 #ajc ,ribad5eira1 ,boll&i/s1 nn4 #cgc seq4 #ajd ,biblio!ca ,selecta1 lib4 i1 *4 #dj4 #aje ,ratio ,/udiorum ( #aeii & #ahcb1 ,reg4 ,prov4 #cg4 ,! high] c\rses are all[$ a midsumm] vacation ( betwe5 "o & two mon?s2 9 ! l[] or lit]>y c\rse1 ,rhetoric is all[$ "o mon?1 ! o!rs classes less4 ,besides c]ta9 fea/-days dur+ ! ye>1 e week mu/ h "o day free1 :i*1 9 ! high] c\rses1 is ! :ole day1 b1 9 ! l[]1 is only ! latt] "p ( x4 #ajf #afjb2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 ,pa*tl]1 p4 #dfg4 #ajg ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 ,pa*tl]1 p4 #daa4 #ajh ,boll&i/s1 n4 #cgd4 #aji ,lettre #g fvri]1 #agdf2 ,o,euvres1 tom4 viii1 p4 #aabh2 edit4 #ahag4 #aaj ,crt9eau-,joly1 ,hi/oire de la ,compagnie de ,jsus1 tom4 iv1 *4 #c1 p4 #bji2 edit4 #ahea4 ,?is *apt] & ! foll[+ "o1 *4 #d1 9 ,crt9eau-,joly1 pp4 #aeh-big1 conta9 ! mo/ v>i$ in=mation on our subject1 reg>d+ pr(essors1 writ]s1 s*ol>s1 etc4 #aaa ,epi/ola de ,in/itutione ,juv5tutis1 et ,/udiis ,litt]>um ,promov5dis1 #afci2 ,mon4 ,g]m4 ,pd41 vol4 ix1 ,pa*tl]1 p4 #fb4 #aab ,p>adise ,lo/1 book iv4 #aac ,notice sur le ,p5sionnat1 etc4 ,frib\rg en ,suisse1 #ahci1 pp4 #ef seq4 #aad #aehe2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 ,pa*tl]1 p4 #daa4 #aae ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 ,pa*tl]1 p4 #ei4 #aaf ,man>e1 ,comm5t>ius4 #aag ,crt9eau-,joly1 tom4 i1 *4 #c1 p4 #aej4 #aah ,comp>e ,cret9eau-,joly1 tom4 i1 *4 #f2 tom4 iv1 *s4 #c1 #d4 #aai ,! m heavily ! /ra9 ( w> bore ^u ,g]many1 ! m assidu\sly 7 ! succors s5t 92 no "p ( ! field 0 m "u ,loyola's eye4 #abj ,hi/ory ( ! ,papacy1 vol4 i1 book v1 #c2 ,! ,fir/ ,jesuit ,s*ools 9 ,g]many2 ,fo/]'s translation1 p4 #dag4 #aba ,comp>e ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 ,pa*tl]1 ,nr4 #gb2 ,nr4 #ia2 ,nr4 #ib1 etc4 #abb ,?is v in/ructive correspond5ce may be se5 sket*$ 9 ,g5elli's ,life ( ,/4 ,ignatius ( ,loyola1 "p ii1 *4 #h1 pp4 #cdb seq4 #ahhi4 #abc ,*4 #f1 above1 p4 #hd4 #abd ,con/41 p>s iv1 c4 #g1 decl4 ,e4 #abe ,comp>e ,mon4 ,g]m4 ,pd41 vol4 ii1 ,pa*tl]1 ,nr4 #ch1 ! !ological faculty ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,wrzburg1 p4 #cjc1 n4 #g2 ,mon4 ,g]m4 ,pd41 vol4 ix1 ,pa*tl]1 ,nr4 #fg1 p4 #afb1 & ,nr4 #fh1 p4 #agh1 ! !ological & philosophical faculties ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,tri]1 etc4 #abf ,comp>e ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 ,pa*tl]1 p4 #ch1 note ab\t ,p]ugia4 #abg ,ibid41 p4 #ea1 note ab\t ,val5cia4 #abh ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 p4 #cfi1 ,lett] to ,fa!r ,kessel4 #abi ,comp>e ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 ,pa*tl]1 ,pap/li*e ,privilegi51 pp4 #a-h4 #acj ,boll&i/s1 ,j4 ,p41 n4 #fab4 #aca ,! p$agogic legislation1 f ?is date onw>ds1 is to be f\nd 9 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 ,pa*tl]1 pp4 #gj-abe4 #acb ,pa*tl]1 ibid41 p #ge4 #acc ,pa*tl]1 ibid41 pp4 #abf-acb4 #acd ,european ,civilization1 *4 #df4 #ace ,national ,education1 "p ii1 vol4 ii1 p4 #fei2 p4 #gd2 ,new ,york1 #ahgb4 #acf ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 ,pa*tl]1 p4 #eg4 #acg ,blair's ,lectures on ,rhetoric & ,belles ,lettres1 ,lecture #bf4 #ach ,lecture #ce4 #aci ,eulogy pron\nc$ by ! ,c>d9al ,maury on 8 pr$ecessor 9 ! ,in/itute ( ,france1 ! ,jesuit ,de ,radonvilli]s1 #ahjg4--,orateurs ,sacrs1 ,migne1 tom4 lxvii1 column #aafa4 #adj ,a classification ( em95t /ud5ts may be f\nd 9 ,crt9eau-,joly1 tom4 iv1 *4 #c1 p4 #bjg4 #ada ,biblio?que de la ,compagnie de ,jsus1 n\velle dition1 p> ,c>los ,somm]vogel ,s4 ,j41 ,/rasb\rgeois1 tom4 i1 f ,abad to ,b\j>t2 l>ge qu>to edition1 #ahij4 #adb ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana1 etc42 ,traductions2 ,somm]vogel1 sub voce1 ,bell>m9e1 columns #aahg-abjd4 #adc ,9 ! matt] ( g5]al philology alone comp>e ! monograph1 ,die ,spra*kunde und die ,mission51 von ,joseph ,dahlmann ,s4 ,j41 #ae ,janu>y1 #ahia1 fiftie? supplem5t to ! ,/imm5 aus ,m>ia-,laa*1 #aba pages4 #add ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 ,pa*tl]1 p4 #bi4 #ade ,ibid41 vol4 v1 p4 #i seq4 #adf ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #ab seq4 #adg ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #bf seq4 #adh ,disputatio acris oriebatur4 #adi ,ibid41 ,nr4 #h1 p4 #fe4 #aej ,vol4 v1 pp4 #fg-bag4 #aea ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #ae seq4 #aeb ,z an in/ance ( ! m9ute criticism br\ght to be> ^u x 9 ,g]many1 consult ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #bah seq4 ,simil> animadv]sions are to be und]/ood z com+ f o!r qu>t]s4 #aec ,sup]*]ies littraires dvoiles iii1 #ddf1 f2 ,somm]vogel1 ,dictionnaire des ,ouvrages ,anonymes et ,pseudonymes1 etc41 ,s4 ,j41 sub voce1 ,ratio4 #aed ,quot$ by ,*4 ,daniel1 ,s4 ,j41 ,les ,jsuites ,in/ituteurs de la ,jeunesse1 etc41 la/ *4 p4 #big4 #aee ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 ,nr4 #aa1 p4 #bbg4 #aef ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #beb1 ,ratio ,/udiorum ( #aeii1 ,reg4 ,prov4 #ai1 #aa4 #aeg ,comp>e ,"l ,bacon1 ,! ,advancem5t ( ,le>n+1 book ii1 p4 #ahf1 #a/ column2 ,philadelphia edit4 #ahdf4 #aeh ,*apt] vi1 above1 p4 #hc4 #aei ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #abi1 ,ratio ,/udiorum ( #aehf1 c4 ,/ud4 ,philos4 #afj ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #dia1 n4 #cb4 #afa ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #aed1 n4 #f1 ,humanitatis ,doctores quos et quales1 etc4 #afb ,vitelles*i1 #afci1 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 p4 #fj1 n4 #d4 #afc ,ratio ,/ud41 ,reg4 ,prov4 #ai2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #bdb4 #afd ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 pp4 #hd1 #ic4 #afe ,ibid41 vol4 ii1 p4 #aja4 #aff ,rt4 ,/4 #aeii1 ,reg4 ,pr(1 ,rhet4 #f2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #djd4 #afg ,somm]vogel fills tw5ty-f\r columns ) a p>tial enum]ation ( ! editions ( ,alv>ez2 ,biblio?que de la ,compagnie de ,jsus1 #ahij1 sub voce1 ,alv>ez4 #afh ,comp>e ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 p4 #bfi1 n4 #aad2 ,man>e's ,ord9ance = ,g]many4 #afi ,ration>ium ,temporum1 ,p>is1 #afcb4 #agj ,daniel1 ,les ,jsuites ,in/ituteurs1 etc41 *4 #aj1 p4 #baf4 #aga ,geographi et ,hydrographi ,re=mat ,libri xii1 ,bologna1 #affa1 9 folio4 #agb ,see ! pleasant sket* 9 ,daniel's ,les ,jsuites ,in/ituteurs1 etc41 *s4 #b-e2 also ,mayn>d's ,! ,jesuits1 _! ,/udies & ,tea*+1 *4 #d1 ,sci5tific ,condition ( ! ,jesuits1 etc4 #agc ,rome1 #aehc1 #hvo1 pp4 #bai4 #agd ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #ada1 ,de ,ma!maticis4 #age ,reg4 ,prov4 n4 #bj4 #agf ,fir/ edition 9 #afig4 #agg ,de l'glise ,gallicane1 liv4 i1 *4 #h1 p4 #df2 edit4 #ahba4 #agh ,! m$al is 9 ! ,coleman ,museum ( ! ,georget[n ,univ]sity1 :]e ,de ,vico1 ) ,se/9i1 0 a/ronom] = "s "t4 #agi ,= an hi/orical sket* ( ,bav>ian ,jesuits1 "u ! aspect ( sci5tific em95ce1 see ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 pp4 #dde-f1 :]e ,fa!r ,pa*tl] gives ! ,prospectus ( a new sci5tific & lit]>y review1 to be issu$ 9 ,bav>ia1 #aggb4 ,! ,suppression =e/all$ x4 #ahj ,hi/oire des ,ma!matiques1 t4 iv1 p4 #cdg2 quot$ by ,crt9eau-,joly1 t4 iv1 c4 #d1 p4 #bhc1 :o conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( lit]ature ^u ?is subject4 ,accord+ to late rese>*es1 made by ,,mm4 ,c4 ,&r & ,g4 ,rayet1 a/ronom]s ( ! obs]vatory ( ,p>is1 ! numb] ( obs]vatories e/abli%$ 9 ! :ole _w1 t[>ds ! close ( ! la/ c5tury1 0 #acj4 ,( ?is numb]1 #cb 7 f\nd$ by ,jesuits1 or 7 "u _! direction4--,victor ,van ,tri*t1 ,la ,biblio?que des criva9s de la ,compagnie de ,jsus1 etc41 app5dice #a;er1 p4 #bba2 #ahgf4 #aha ,con/itutiones1 p>s iv1 c4 #ac1 n4 #d4 #ahb ,boll&i/s1 ,j4 ,p41 n4 #hga4 #ahc ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #aea seq4 #ahd ,ratio ,/41 ,reg4 ,prov4 #bh2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #bfj4 #ahe ,ibid41 vol4 ix1 p4 #ei4 #ahf ,ibid41 vol4 v1 ,rt4 ,/4 #aehf1 ,humanitatis ,magi/ri1 n4 #e1 p4 #aec4 #ahg ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 p4 #dae4 #ahh ,ibid41 vol4 v1 n44 #c1 p4 #aeb4 #ahi ,ibid41 vol4 v1 n4 #d1 p4 #aeb4 #aij ,ibid41 vol4 v1 p4 #bfj2 ,reg4 ,prov4 #bd1 #be4 #aia ,ibid41 vol4 ix1 p4 #fj2 lett] ( ! ye> #afci4 #aib ,ibid41 vol4 v1 p4 #aed4 #aic ,ibid1 vol4 ix1 p4 #acj1 n4 #b4 #aid ,ibid41 n4 #f4 #aie ,ibid41 vol4 v1 p4 #ceb4 #aif ,ibid41 vol4 v1 p4 #adi4 #aig ,ibid41 p4 #aec4 #aih ,rt4 ,/41 ,reg4 ,rect4 #c2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #bfh4 #aii ,ibid41 n4 #ah1 p4 #bgb4 #bjj ,reg4 ,prov4 #cc2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 p4 #bfb4 #bja ,ibid41 vol4 ix1 p4 #aca4 #bjb ,j\vancy1 ,ratio ,disc5di2 c4 ,ordo ,/ud5di4 #bjc ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #add4 #bjd ,ibid4 #bje ,ibid41 vol4 ii1 p4 #abf2 ,reg4 ,prov4 n4 #ej4 #bjf ,rt4 ,/4 #aehf2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #aej4 #bjg ,=mula ,accept&orum ,collegiorum1 b2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 p4 #cci4 #bjh ,hi/4 ,s4 ,j41 ,sac*9i1 p>s ii1 ,la9ius1 lib4 viii1 n4 #bai1 ad annum #aefd4 #bji ,rt4 ,/4 #aehf1 ibid4 #baj ,rt4 ,/4 #aeii1 ,reg4 ,prov4 #bg2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #bfj4 #baa ,*apt] xi1 above1 p4 #aee4 #bab ,/atut5 d] philos4 ,fak4 ,+ol/adt1 #afdi2 ,de ,auditoribus2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 p4 #bhd4 #bac ,qui non 9 ,academia1 s$ privatim 9 aliquo ,auditorio aut ,mona/]io audi]unt philosophiam4 #bad ,nisi prob5t se omnes mat]ias publice audivisse 9 aliqua ,academia probata3 ,wrzburg] ,promotionsgebrau*e1 #affb2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 p4 #chg4 #bae ,rhetius ,s4 ,j4 fr ,re=m d] !ol4 ,fak4 zu ,kln1 ,novemb]1 #aegj2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 p4 #bag4 #baf ,rt4 ,/41 ,reg4 ,prov4 #bh2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #bfj4 #bag ,ibid41 vol4 v1 p4 #acc1 n4 #aj1 ,/udium ,philos4 #bah ,biblio?4 ,selecta2 de ,cultura ,+5iorum1 cap4 #bg4 #bai ,prvid]e4 #bbj ,prleg]e4 #bba ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #dej1 n4 #d4 #bbb ,ibid41 p4 #dfj1 n4 #i4 #bbc ,rt4 ,/4 #aehf1 ,/udium ,philos4 n4 #ab2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #acd4 ,comp>e also ! ,g]man ,prov9ce1 :]e1 9 #aehf1 f\r h\rs are r$uc$ to ?ree1 ibid41 vol4 ii1 p4 #bhc4 #bbd ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 p4 #aed4 #bbe ,ibid41 vol4 v1 p4 #ajh1 ,de ,privato ,/udio ,s*ola/icorum2 ibid4 p4 #acc1 n4 #aa1 ,/udium ,philos4 #bbf ,ut concionabundi4 #bbg ,rt4 ,/41 ,reg4 comm4 ,pr(4 sup4 fac41 n4 #aa2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #bij4 #bbh ,rt4 ,/4 #aeii1 ,reg4 ,pr(4 ,phil4 n4 #af2 #ahcb1 n4 #i1 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 pp4 #cdj1 #ccb4 #bbi ,rt4 ,/4 #aehf1 ,repetitiones1 n4 #c2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #ii4 #bcj ,*apt] vii1 above1 ,! ,moral ,scope1 p4 #aja4 #bca ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #bfh2 ,reg4 ,rect4 n4 #f4 #bcb ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 p4 #def2 ,in/itutio pro bi5nio1 n4 #ad4 #bcc ,prcl>a aliqua mat]ia4 #bcd ,ibid41 p4 #ded4 #bce ,reg4 comm4 ,pr(4 sup4 fac41 n4 #i2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 p4 #bhh4 #bcf ,con/itutiones1 p>s iv1 c4 #f1 ,h4 #bcg ,rt4 ,/4 #aehf1 ,repetitiones1 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #ii4 #bch ,con/itutiones1 p>s iv1 c4 #ad1 ,b4 #bci ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 p4 #bde4 #bdj ,ibid41 vol4 v1 p4 #fh4 #bda ,consult ! five volumes ( ,nom5clator ,litt]>ius ,rec5tioris ,!ologi ,ca?olic1 by ,h4 ,hurt]1 ,s4 ,j41 #ahga-ahhf4 #bdb ,rt4 ,/41 ,reg4 comm4 ,pr(4 sup4 fac41 n4 #ab2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #bij2 comp>e also ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 ,ordnung ,e9] ,selb/4 ,univ4 d] ,ges4 ,j4 #afeh1 p>s ii1 c4 #d1 p4 #cee2 ,de ,repetitonibus et ,disputationibus ,s*ola/icorum ,s4 ,j4 #bdc ,ibid41 n4 #ad4 #bdd ,ibid41 n4 #bj4 #bde ,ibid41 n4 #ac4 #bdf ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 p4 #ie2 ,congr4 g54 #aa4 #bdg ,reg4 ,pr(4 ,s4 ,script41 n4 #ai1 #bj2 also ,/atut5 d] philos4 ,fak4 ,+ol/adt1 #afdi1 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 p4 #bia4 #bdh ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 pp4 #cei-cha4 #bdi ,rt4 ,/4 #aehf1 ,disputationes2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #ajc4 #bej ,ibid4 #bea ,ibid41 vol4 v1 ,comm5t>iolus1 p4 #de seq4 #beb ,nihil p]fecte scitur1 nisi d5te disputationis f]iatur2 see ! ,life & ,labors ( ,/4 ,?omas ( ,aqu91 by ,b$e ,vaughan1 #ahga1 vol4 i1 *4 #af1 p4 #chh4 ,! two *apt]s on ,p>is1 9 ?is le>n$ "w1 are replete ) in=mation p]t95t to our subject4 #bec ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #ga1 n4 #e2 ,de ,scripturis4 #bed ,reg4 ,prov41 n4 #e2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #bcd4 #bee ,comm5t>iolus1 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #ec4 #bef ,cum non r>o1 qu spl5desc]e vid5tur 9 cubiculo1 sordeant 9 ,s*ola/icis conc]tationibus4 #beg ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 ,disputationes1 n4 #h1 p4 #ajb4 #beh ,ibid4 #bei ,ibid41 p4 #adg1 ,sep>&ane s9t ,sem9>ia1 etc4 #bfj ,reg4 comm4 ,pr(4 sup4 fac41 n4 #af2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #bib4 #bfa ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #bib2 ,rt4 ,/4 #aeii1 ,reg4 comm4 ,pr(4 sup4 fac41 n4 #ah2 ,rt4 ,/4 #aehf1 ,disputationes1 ibid41 p4 #ajf4 #bfb ,ibid41 p4 #ajb1 n4 #g1 p4 #bgf1 n4 #f4 #bfc ,rt4 ,/41 ,reg4 ,pr(4 ,/ud41 nn4 #ab1 #ba2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 pp4 #bgh1 #bhb4 #bfd ,ibid41 ,reg4 ,prov41 n4 #ai1 p4 #bdd4 #bfe ,*apt] xi1 above1 p4 #aeg4 #bff ,de ,ratione et ,modo ,prleg5di2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #hb4 #bfg ,ad lit]am legibilem4 #bfh ,ad prleg5dum egregie4 #bfi ,rt4 ,/4 #aehf1 ,de ,ratione ac ,modo ,prleg5di2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 pp4 #ha-e4 #bgj ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 ,reg4 comm4 ,pr(4 sup4 fac41 nn4 #i1 #aj1 p4 #bhh4 #bga ,:y1 if ! pap] drops1 ! wisdom too mu/ be (f6 #bgb ,possev9us1 ,biblio?4 ,selecta1 lib4 i1 de cultura +5iorum1 cc4 #be-f1 edit4 ,v5et4 #afjc1 pp4 #ba-b4 ,he ref]s to ! publication ( ! ,conimbric5ses1 a consolidat$ "w ( ! faculty ( ,coimbra1 j z ! ,wirceburg5ses1 lat] on1 & at pres5t1 "u ,fa!r ,cornely1 ! writ]s ( ! ,cursus ,scriptur ,sacr are publi%+ _! works z a corporate :ole4 #bgc ,rt4 ,/4 #aeii1 ,reg4 ,prov41 n4 #d2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #bcd4 #bgd ,con/itutiones1 p>s iv1 c4 #ac1 n4 #c2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 p4 #ee4 #bge ,reg4 comm4 ,pr(4 sup4 fac41 n4 #bj2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #bib4 #bgf ,con/itutiones1 ibid41 ,c4 #bgg ,ibid4 #bgh ,vitelles*i1 #afci2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 p4 #ei4 #bgi ,*apt] xi1 above1 p4 #afb4 #bhj ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 ,comm5t>iolus1 p4 #dc4 #bha ,ibid4 #bhb ,ibid41 p4 #da4 #bhc ,ord9atio pro ,/ud4 ,sup41 #afea2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 p4 #hh4 #bhd ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 ,utrum ,qu9qu5nium1 etc41 p4 #gf4 #bhe ,ibid4 #bhf ,modus ,prleg5di1 n4 #aj2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #hd4 #bhg ,rt4 ,/4 #aeii1 ,reg4 comm4 ,pr(4 sup4 fac41 nn4 #g1 #h2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #bhh4 #bhh ,rt4 ,/41 ,reg4 ,pr(4 ,rhet41 n4 #h2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #djf4 #bhi ,ibid41 n4 #a4 #bij ,ibid41 nn4 #f1 #g4 #bia ,reg4 ,pr(4 ,hum41 n4 #e2 ibid41 p4 #dbj4 #bib ,rt4 ,/4 #ahef1 ,classis ,hum42 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #aie4 #bic ,ibid41 ,class4 ,rhet41 n4 #f1 p4 #aih4 #bid ,ibid41 ,ex]citationes lat4 et grc41 n4 #b2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #aff4 #bie ,maxime rudi ,m9]va4 #bif ,rt4 ,/41 ,reg4 ,prf4 /ud4 inf41 n4 #h1 #d2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #ced4 #big ,ibid41 ,reg4 comm4 ,pr(4 cl4 inf41 n4 #bd2 ibid41 p4 #chh4 #bih ,ex]citationes lat4 et grc41 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #afg4 #bii ,rt4 ,/41 ,special rules ( ! respective classes1 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 pp4 #cih-ddh4 ,rules ( ! ,academies1 ibid41 pp4 #dfj-dhj4 #cjj ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 p4 #aff1 ,s*ulregeln um #aefj-fa4 #cja ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 p4 #ade4 #cjb ,j\vancy1 ,ratio ,doc5di2 c4 ,de int]pretatione v]nacula1 etc4 #cjc ,modus explic& prlectionis4 #cjd ,eruditio ex omni doctr9a1 ,reg4 ,pr(4 ,rhet41 n4 #a1 ex omni eruditione1 ibid41 n4 #h4 #cje ,lettre #g fvri]1 #agdf1 ,o,euvres1 t4 viii1 p4 #aabg2 edit4 #ahag4 #cjf ,de ,back]1 ,biblio?que des criva9s de la ,compagnie1 sub voce1 ,c]da4 #cjg ,somm]vogel1 ,biblio?que de la ,compagnie1 sub voce1 ,abram4 #cjh ,somm]vogel1 ibid4 #cji ,de ,back]1 sub voce1 ,rap94 #caj ,rt4 ,/4 #aehf1 c4 #h1 ,de ,libris2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #agh4 #caa ,reg4 ,prf4 ,/ud41 n4 #bi2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 p4 #bhd4 #cab ,ibid41 p4 #agi4 #cac ,*4 xi1 above1 p4 #afd seq4 #cad ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #ahj4 #cae ,rt4 ,/4 #aehf1 ,class4 ,rhet41 pp4 #aig-h4 #caf ,blair's ,lectures on ,rhetoric & ,belles-,lettres2 lecture ,,xii1 at ! end4 #cag ,ibid41 lecture ,,xix1 ,on ,=m+ ,/yle1 at ! end4 #cah ,rt4 ,/4 #aehf2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 pp4 #afj-d4 #cai ,reg4 ,prf4 /ud4 inf41 n4 #ca2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #cfd4 #cbj ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #dia4 #cba ,ratio ,doc5di1 c4 ii1 ,de discipulorum eruditione1 art4 #c4 #cbb ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 ,ex]cit4 lat4 et grc41 n4 #h1 p4 #agj4 #cbc ,sicut porcelli int] se commixti4 #cbd ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #dic4 #cbe ,reg4 ,ext]norum ,auditorum ,soc41 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #deh4 #cbf ,rt4 ,/41 ,reg4 ,prf4 /ud4 inf41 #aa2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #ceh4 #cbg ,rt4 ,/4 #aehf1 ,ratio promov5di1 etc41 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #agg4 #cbh ,reg4 ,prf4 /ud4 inf41 n4 #h1 #ab4 #cbi ,rt4 ,/41 ,reg4 ,prf4 /ud4 inf41 n4 #ac2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #cfj4 #ccj ,con/itutiones1 p>s iv1 c4 #ae1 n4 #b2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 p4 #fj4 #cca ,ibid41 n4 #c4 #ccb ,rt4 ,/4 #aehf1 ,de ,gradibus1 etc41 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #aaj4 #ccc ,vol4 ix1 pp4 #cei-chg4 #ccd ,rt4 ,/41 ,reg4 ,prov41 #ag1 #b4 #cce ,rt4 ,/4 #ahcb1 ,reg4 ,prf4 /ud4 inf41 n4 #h1 #aa4 #ccf ,ibid41 nn4 #ab1 #b2 #bh1 #b4 #ccg ,ibid4 #cch ,alumni sive convictores4 #cci ,ext]ni4 #cdj ,reg4 ,rect41 n4 #ab4 #cda ,reg4 ,prov41 n4 #ba1 #d4 #cdb ,excitetur +5ium2 excolatur +5ium4 #cdc ,de ,ma!maticis2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #ada4 #cdd ,crt9eau-,joly1 ,hi/oire de la ,compagnie1 tom4 iv1 *4 #c1 p4 #bjb4 #cde ,comp>e ! ord9ance = ! upp] ,g]man ,prov9ce1 #agfc1 n4 #g2 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ix1 p4 #dda4 #cdf ,rt4 ,/4 #ahcb1 ,pro ,physica1 nn4 #cd-e4 #cdg ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 ii1 p4 #bde4 #cdh ,rt4 ,/41 ,reg4 ,prov41 n4 #ci4 #cdi ,reg4 ,prf4 ,/ud41 n4 #bg4 #cej ,*apt] vi1 above1 p4 #if4 #cea ,by ,m4 ,d',alemb]t1 ,m4 ,l',abb de ,condillac1 & o!rs4 #ceb ,l',abb ,proy>t1 ,de ,l'ducation ,publique4 #cec ,id41 ibid4 #ced ,hi/oire d'un ,collge ,municipal1 etc41 ,bayonne2 p> ,j4 ,m4 ,drevon1 #ahhi2 la/ *apt]1 ,r=me et conclusion1 pp4 #ddc seq4 #cee ,ex omnibus aliquid3 9 toto nihil4 #cef ,epi/ola ,p4 ,roo?aan1 #ahcb1 ,monum5ta ,g]mani ,pdagogica1 vol4 v1 p4 #bbh seq4 #ceg ,= ,!e ^! mead[s smile1 &1 on ! hill-top smoo!d away1 ^! b$s b$eck !mselves ) fl[]s1 & ! y\? f e clime unfolds1 9 virtue & 9 sci5ce1 ! hopes ( ,*ri/ian manhood4 #ceh ,! urns ?\ see'/ ar\nd brea! ! fragrance ( _! fl[]s to ,*ri/4 ,pluck !m n1 ) h& unhall[$1 :osoe'er ?\ be4 ,transcrib]s' ,notes3 ,punctuation1 hyph5ation1 & spell+ 7 made consi/5t :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ?is book2 o!rwise !y 7 n *ang$4 ,simple typographical errors 7 correct$2 occasional unbalanc$ quotation m>ks reta9$4 ,ambigu\s hyph5s at ! ends ( l9es 7 reta9$4 ,index n *eck$ = prop] alphabetization or correct page ref]5ces4 ,! abbreviation ,s4 ,j4 has be5 regul>iz$ "h to always include a space1 z t seems to be h[ x mo/ly 0 pr9t$4 ,page #aag3 et eximium fac9us 0 pr9t$ t way4 ,page #aga3 ma!maticans 0 pr9t$ t way4 ,footnote #ahj 7ref]5c$ on page #agb73 ,ma!matiques 0 pr9t$ t way4 ,page #bjd3 ,repetitonibus 0 pr9t$ t way4 ,page #bje3 ,footnote an*or #bdh 7orig9ally #c7 0 miss+ f sev]al editions ( ?is book & has be5 add$ at a likely position by ! ,transcrib]4