,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,creation ,,z ,,told ,,by ,,!ology ,,& ,,by ,,sci5ce4 ,,by ,t4 ,s4 ,,ackl&1 ,m4,a41 ,,=m]ly ,,fell[ ,,( ,,cl>e ,,college1 ,,cambridge2 ,,vic> ,,( ,,wold ,,newton1 ,,york%ire4 ,,sirs1 ,,ye ,,are ,,bre?r53 ,,:y ,,d ,,ye ,,wrong ,,"o ,,to ,,ano!r8 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,case ,,/at$ ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,difficulties ,,9 ,,geology ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,difficulties ,,9 ,,a/ronomy ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,difficulties ,,9 ,,physiology ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,sci5ce ,a ,,help ,,to ,,int]pretation ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,case ,,/at$4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,creation ) :i* ! ,bible comm5ces1 is n a m]e incid5tal app5dage to ,god's ,revelation1 b con/itutes ! f\ndation on :i* ! :ole ( t ,revelation is bas$4 ,sett+ =? z x does ! relation 9 :i* man /&s to ,god z 8 ,mak]1 & to ! _w :i* ,god =m$ = 8 abode1 x =ms a necess>y introduction to all t ,god has se5 fit to reveal to u ) ref]5ce to ,8 disp5sations ( ,provid5ce & ( ,grace4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n uncommonly ass]t$ t ?is hi/ory _c be reconcil$ ) a va/ numb] ( facts :i* mod]n sci5ce has reveal$ to u1 & ) !ories bas$ on obs]v$ facts1 & recomm5d$ by ! unque/ion$ ability ( ! m5 by :om !y h be5 br\ght =w>d4 ,at fir/ sight !re does seem to be "s gr\nd = ?is ass]tion4 ,geology1 = in/ance1 makes u acqua9t$ ) /rata ( rock ( v>i\s k9ds1 arrang$ 9 exact ord]1 & ( an aggregate ?ickness ( _m miles1 :i* are fill$ ) ! rema9s ( a wond]ful s]ies ( plants & animals1 ^! rema9s n be+ promiscu\sly collect$1 b arrang$ 9 an unv>y+ ord]4 ,x seems impossible t all ^! plants & animals c\ld h liv$ & di$1 & be5 imb$d$ 9 ! rocks 9 ?is exact succession1 9 six ( our ord9>y days4 ,a/ronomy directs our att5tion to *anges n[ go+ on 9 ! />ry heav5s :i* occupy ages 9 _! developm5t1 & po9ts to traces 9 ! con/itution ( our own _w :i* seem to indicate t x 0 =m$ by analog\s means4 ,physiology reveals to u ! fact t ! diff]5t v>ieties ( plants & animals n[ 9 exi/5ce are n sep>at$ f ea* o!r by well def9$ l9es ( dem>cation1 b %ade into ea* o!r by almo/ imp]ceptible gradations2 & geological rese>*es %[ t :ile ! exi/+ species ( animals are ! repres5tatives ( ^? :i* liv$ & di$ at a p]iod 9 :i* we c f9d no traces ( man1 !y are n id5tical ) !m1 b t ei!r ! old species mu/ h di$ out1 & be5 replac$ by a fre% creation1 or a consid]able *ange mu/ h tak5 place 9 ! c\rse ( ages4 ,^! facts are held to be incompatible ) ! acc\nt ( creation giv5 by ,moses1 & h5ce x is inf]r$ t a record1 :i* appe>s to be s widely at v>iance ) admitt$ facts1 _c be entitl$ to ! au?ority :i* is claim$ = x1 z a fundam5tal portion ( a ,revelation made by ! ,creator ,himself4 ,?is difficulty is sometimes met by ! ass]tion t ! ,bible 0 n giv5 to u to tea* u ,sci5ce1 b to convey to u c]ta9 in=mation :i* 0 ess5tial to our moral welf>e1 & :i* we c\ld n obta9 by any o!r means2 t ^! discrepancies d n 9 any way int]f]e ) t portion ( ^? tru?s :i* is involv$ 9 ! ,hi/ory ( ,creation1 b t1 h[ev] ! n>rative may be view$ z f> z reg>ds its details1 ! facts t ,god is ! ,creator ( all ?+s visible & invisible1 t ,he is a ,be+ ( inf9ite ,wisdom1 ,p[]1 & ,love1 & t ,he has plac$ man 9 a peculi> relation to ,himself1 rema9 unaffect$4 ,on ?is gr\nd x is (t5 urg$ t we may pass ov] sci5tific inaccuracies z matt]s ( no great importance4 ,!ologians are by no means agre$ z to ! nature & limits ( t inspiration by :i* ,holy ,scripture 0 writt54 ,!re are _m :o ?9k t 9 matt]s purely incid5tal to its ma9 object1 & ly+ )9 ! rea* ( human faculties1 ! sacr$ writ]s 7 left to ! ord9>y s\rces ( in=mation1 & t _m alleg$ difficulties may be remov$ by ?is view4 ,b :atev] may be ?\ght ( ! application ( ?is hypo!sis to "s p>ts ( ! ,bible1 !re are o!rs to :i* x is pla9ly inapplicable1 & ( ^! ! n>rative ( ! ,creation is evid5tly "o4 ,no !ory ( limit$ inspiration c be admitt$ to expla9 any suppos$ inaccuracies 9 t n>rative4 ,x _c be liable to ^? imp]fections :i* are inevitable :5 m5 h to obta9 k by ! ord9>y means1 because !re 7 no ord9>y means by :i* su* in=mation c\ld be obta9$4 ,! mo/ c>efully pres]v$ records1 ! olde/ traditions c\ld n ext5d backw>ds beyond ! mom5t :5 ! fir/ man awoke to consci\s exi/5ce4 ,= e ?+ beyond t po9t ! only s\rce ( k available 0 in=mation d]iv$ f ! ,creator ,himself4 ,x may be t a revelation ( ?is "* 0 made to ,adam 9 ! days ( 8 innoc5ce1 t x 0 c>efully h&$ d[n to 8 desc5dants1 & t ,moses1 "u ! div9e direction1 incorporat$ x into 8 hi/ory2 or x may h be5 directly communicat$ to ,moses by special inspiration--t matt]s n--b a div9e revelation x mu/ h be51 or x is no?+2 ! dream ( a poet1 or ! !ory ( a philosoph]1 if we c believe t su* a philosoph] exi/$ at su* a "t4 ,b if x be inde$ a revelation f ! ,creator ,himself1 we _c imag9e t ,he c\ld fall into any error1 or sanction any misrepres5tation ) ref]5ce ev5 to ! smalle/ detail ( ,8 own "w4 ,if !n !re are really any errors 9 ?is record--any ass]tions :i* ! discov]ies ( sci5ce h prov$ to be untrue1 we _c acc\nt = !m on any !ory ( limit$ inspiration4 ,a s+le prov$ error w\ld be fatal to ! au?ority ( ! :ole n>rative4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 we are n ju/ifi$ 9 expect+ su* an acc\nt ( ! ,creation z w\ld comm5d itself to ! sci5tific intellect ( ! pres5t day4 ,:5 we attempt to =m a judgm5t ^u x4 ,we mu/ look n only to its alleg$ au?or1 b also to ! purposes = :i*1 ! circum/ances "u :i*1 & ! p]sons to :om x 0 giv54 ,9 ^! we may expect to meet ) _m limitations4 ,x 0 n design$ = ! communication ( sci5tific k1 x 0 necess>ily convey$ 9 human language1 & address$ to human intellig5ce1 t language & t intellig5ce be+1 n z !y are n[1 b z !y 71 tak+ ! late/ possible date t c be assign$ to x1 consid]ably m ?an ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,?is la/ consid]ation affects n only ! record itself1 b also our facilities = und]/&+ & =m+ a judgm5t ^u x4 ,we h to cont5d ) difficulties ( int]pretation aris+ f our inability fully to realize ! circum/ances "u :i* x 0 giv51 & to place ourselves 9 ! m5tal position ( its orig9al recipi5ts4 ,ow+ to our want ( ?is p[] x may well happ51 t ?\gh we are 9 possession ( va/ly increas$ k1 we may be f> m liable to fall into error 9 "s directions1 9 ! int]pretation ( x1 ?an ^? to :om x 0 orig9ally address$4 ,an additional difficulty arises f ! circum/ance t our k1 wond]fully z x has be5 increas$ ( late1 is yet v f> f complete1 & is probably 9 _m cases /ill mix$ ) error4 ,h5ce x may v well happ5 t :]e !re is complete h>mony betwe5 ! hi/ory & ! facts1 we may suspect discord ow+ to our misund]/&+ ( ! record1 or our misconception ( ! facts4 ,9 ord] t ! h>mony may be recogniz$ 9 its fulness1 !re mu/ be a p]fect und]/&+ ( ! record1 & a p]fect k ( ! facts4 ,b f bo? ( ^! we are probably at pres5t v f> remov$4 ,if a p]son :o 0 a ?or\gh ma/] ( "s sci5ce und]took to write a treatise = ! purpose ( tea*+ *ildr5 ! rudim5ts ( t sci5ce1 we %\ld expect1 & ! m /rongly if ! au?or 7 a ma/] ( language z well z ( sci5ce1 t 8 "w %\ld conta9 indications ( a ma/]'s h&4 ,we %\ld expect t :ile ! book convey$ cle>ly & simply to ! m9ds ( ^? = :om x 0 writt51 ! tru?s :i* x 0 int5d$ to tea*1 x %\ld also convey to ! m educat$ read] "s intimations ( a deep] k on ! "p ( its au?or4 ,! *oice ( a ^w1 ! turn ( a phrase1 ! ord] 9 :i* facts 7 arrang$1 ! occurr5ce "h & !re ( a s5t5ce :i* an ord9>y read] w\ld pass ov] z unimportant1 w\ld to su* a p]son be indications ( tra9s ( ?\ght f> m pr(\nd ?an ^? :i* appe>$ on ! surface4 ,& ?is recognition w\ld be proportional to two ?+s--! am\nt ( sci5tific k possess$ by ! read]1 & 8 ma/]y ( ! language 9 :i* ! book 0 writt54 ,su*1 !n1 are ! *>act]i/ics :i* we may expect to f9d 9 ! ,record ( ,creation1 if x be inde$1 z we believe1 a revelation f ,god1 made to m5 9 a v l[ /age ( intellectual developm5t4 ,9 ord] t we may be able to =m a satisfactory judgm5t ( x1 x w be well = u to consid] a little 9 detail two classes ( difficulties4 #a4 ,^? :i* belong to ! ,revelation itself1 aris+ f ! limitations to :i* x 0 necess>ily subject 9 its deliv]y4 #b4 ,^? :i* arise f our imp]fect k ( ! language 9 :i* x is writt51 & f our inability to place ourselves 9 ! intellectual position ( ^? to :om x 0 orig9ally giv54 #a4 ,:5 ?is record 0 committ$ to writ+1 language 0 9 a v diff]5t condition f t 9 :i* x is n[4 ,we h an acc\nt ( ! fir/ record$ ex]cise ( ! faculty ( spee* 9 ,g54 ii4 #ai4 ,adam fir/ us$ x to give names to all ! liv+ creatures z !y pass$ 9 review be=e him4 ,9 accordance ) ?is /atem5t x appe>s1 f ! rese>*es ( philologi/s1 t language 9 its e>lie/ /ate 0 entirely1 or almo/ entirely limit$ to words d5ot+ s5sible objects & actions4 ,x seems probable t ^! names 7 d]iv$ f radicals express+ g5]al ideas ,footnote3 ,max ,mull]'s ,lectures on ! ,sci5ce ( ,language1 ,fir/ ,s]ies ,lect4 viii4 ix42 b !re is reason to d\bt :e!r ^! radicals ev] _h a =mal exi/5ce z words--!y seem r to h be5 ! m5tal /ock out ( :i* words 7 produc$4 ,b ! human m9d _h f ! fir/ p[]s = ! ex]cise ( :i* ?is limit$ vocabul>y 0 insuffici5t4 ,ev5 9 ! out] _w !re 0 mu* :i* 0 ! object ( reason & inf]5ce r ?an ( s5se1 :ile ! :ole _w ( consci\sness 0 entirely unprovid$ ) ! means ( expression4 ,to meet ?is difficulty words1 :i* orig9ally d5ot$ objects ( s5se1 7 us$ figuratively to express ideas :i* bore "s resemblance or analogy1 real or fanci$1 to _! orig9al significance4 ,z "t pass$ on ?is difficulty 0 gradually dim9i%$3 synonyms crept into all languages f v>i\s s\rces1 & :5 once adopt$1 !y 7 9 _m cases gradually diff]5tiat$1 ! v>i\s s5ses :i* ! orig9al ^w _h borne 7 portion$ (f among !m1 & increas$ precision 0 ?us obta9$4 ,b 9 ! infancy ( mank9d ! figurative sy/em 0 9 full op]ation4 ,h5ce1 all e>ly docum5ts h a /rong t+e ( ! poetic elem5t4 ,poetry1 /rictly s call$1 probably _h n z yet a sep>ate exi/5ce2 b ! :ole spok5 & writt5 language 0 p]meat$ by t poetic _s :i* delights 9 trac+ subtle analogies1 & 9 express+ ! invisible by means ( ! visible4 ,! translation ( ! ,sanscrit ,hymns1 :i* has rec5tly appe>$ ,footnote3 ,hymns ( ! ,big ,v$a ,sanhita1 translat$ by ,max ,mull]1 vol4 i41 furni%es a mo/ valuable illu/ration ( ?is /ate ( ?\ght & ( language4 ,^! hymns are probably ne>ly coeval ) ! ,p5tateu*4 ,!y 7 ! production ( a diff]5t bran* ( ! human family1 & indicate a diff]5t tone ( ?\ght1 b !y br+ out v cle>ly ! figurative "* ( primitive language1 ab\nd+ 9 fanciful descriptions ( natural ph5om5a1 :i*1 :5 _! metaphorical1 "* 0 =gott51 pass$ by an easy transition into ! graceful my?s & leg5ds ( e>ly ,greece4 ,!n !re 0 a pov]ty 9 ^! primitive vocabul>ies ev5 9 ref]5ce to s5sible objects1 :i* 9 _m cases r5d]$ x necess>y to employ ! same ^w 9 m or less ext5sive significations1 & 9 ! ,semitic languages ! p[] ( inflexion 0 9 "s directions v limit$4 ,?is limitation is mo/ rem>kable 9 ! =ms us$ = ! expression ( "t4 ,"o =m alone 0 available to express ^? modifications :i* are indicat$ by ! imp]fect1 p]fect1 plup]fect1 & aori/ t5ses ( ! classical languages4 ,in/ances ( all ^! s\rces ( unc]ta9ty meet u v e>ly 9 ,g5esis4 ,9 ! v fir/ v]se we h a ^w1 ,hebrew script1 :i* has great latitude ( mean+4 ,x is ei!r ! e>? z a :ole 7v]4 #a71 or ! l& z di/+ui%$ f ! wat] 7v]4 #aj71 or a p>ticul> c\ntry 7ii4 #aa74 ,9 _m cases1 z 9 all ^!1 ! context at once det]m9es ! s5se to be *os52 b !re are o!r cases 9 :i* consid]able difficulty arises4 ,! :ole "q ( ! univ]sality ( ! deluge turns1 9 a great degree1 ^u ! signification :i* is assign$ to ?is same ^w 9 ! six? & foll[+ *apt]s4 ,9 ! second v]se we h ano!r ^w1 ,hebrew script1 :i* is capable ( v>i\s int]pretations4 ,x is us$ ?r\gh\t ! ,bible 9 ! ?ree di/9ct mean+s ( w9d1 brea?1 & _s4 ,:]e we read1 ,& ! ,_s ( ,god mov$ ^u ! face ( ! wat]s1 ! ,jewi% p>aphrase is1 ,& a w9d ( ,god 7i4e4 a great w9d7 mov$1 c4 ,"h !re is no?+ 9 ! context to assi/ u 9 det]m9+ ! s5se to be *os52 b1 z w be se5 9 ! sequel1 mod]n sci5ce indicates t ! ,jewi% int]pretation is unt5able1 & t our translation is1 consequ5tly1 ! correct "o4 ,z an in/ance ( confusion ( "t1 we may ref] to ii4 #ai4 ,9 our translation ?is v]se seems to place ! creation ( animals aft] t ( man2 b 9 xii4 #a1 ! v same =m is translat$ by ! plup]fect1 ,n[ ! ,"l _h said unto ,abram4 ,x ought evid5tly to be translat$ 9 ! same way "h3 ,& out ( ! gr\nd ! ,"l ,god _h =m$1 c4 ,9 ii4 #e1 on ! o!r h&1 ! plup]fect might ) advantage h giv5 place to ano!r =m3 ,= ! ,"l ,god did n cause x to ra94 ,! ph5om5on ref]r$ to appe>s to h be5 local & tempor>y4 ,_h ! plup]fect be5 omitt$ 9 "o case & suppli$ 9 ! o!r two s\rces ( app>5t difficulty w\ld h be5 remov$4 ,x is v cle>1 !n1 t !re c\ld be no approa* to sci5tific accuracy 9 a n>rative writt5 9 su* a language z ?is4 ,su* accuracy is1 9 fact1 atta9able only 9 proportion1 z sci5ce has m\ld$ language = its own purposes4 ,b language is at all times an index ( ! g5]al m5tal condition ( ! p :o use x1 & s ! k & ! ideas ( ! m5 ( ^! primitive times mu/ h be5 extremely limit$ 9 all ^? directions ) :i* we h to d4 ,accord+ly1 we f9d no trace ( any d\bt :e!r ! in=mation ) ref]5ce to ext]nal objects :i* 0 receiv$ ?r\gh ! s5ses 0 9 all cases to be dep5d$ on4 ,!re c be little d\bt t to ^? e>ly obs]v]s ! sky 0 a solid vault1 on ! face ( :i* ! sun1 moon1 & planets mov$ 9 _! appo9t$ c\rses2 ! />s 7 po9ts ( light1 gold5 /uds 9 ! azure canopy2 ! sun & moon 7 j z l>ge z !y appe>$ to be1 & ! e>? 0 a solid immovable plane ( comp>atively small ext5t4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,exodus1 x seems cle> t1 ev5 among a p s f> advanc$ z ! ,egyptians1 all t lay beyond ! m\nta9s :i* b\nd$ _! l& on ! we/ 0 believ$ to belong n to liv+ m51 b to disembodi$ spirits4 ,x 0 ! t]rible c\ntry ?r\gh :i* ! s\ls ( ! dep>t$ made _! ardu\s way to ! ,hall ( ,judgm5t ,footnote3 ,! ,nations ,ar\nd1 pp4 #di1 #ej4 ,accord+ly1 we f9d t ! ,egyptians made no attempt to ext5d ! limits ( _! empire 9 ?is direction1 :ile ! mon>*s ( ! ,mesopotamian region seem to h be5 equally unambiti\s ( conque/ beyond ! m\nta9 ranges :i* b\nd$ ! valley ( ! ,tigris on ! ea/4 ,mesopotamia1 !n1 on ! ea/1 ,egypt on ! we/1 ,arm5ia & ,asia ,m9or on ! nor?1 & ,arabia on ! s\?1 seem1 9 ! view ( ! contempor>ies ( ,moses1 to h be5 ! utmo/ regions ( ! _w4 ,ignorant z !y 7 ( any c\ntries beyond ^!1 !y 71 ( c\rse1 equally ignorant ( ! numb]less v>ieties ( plants & animals t 7 to be f\nd 9 !m1 & ) :i* we are famili>4 ,m9+ 0 n unkn[n1 b ! m9es 7 few & sup]ficial2 !y c\ld n reveal mu* ( ! /ructure ( ! e>?1 & :at little !y did reveal pass$ unnotic$4 ,no?+ 0 kn[n ( ! successive b$s ( rock :i* =m ! cru/ ( ! e>?1 ( ! fossils ) :i* !y ab\nd1 or ( ! gradual *anges to ,:i* !y are /ill subject4 ,if any "o _h told ! m5 ( t g5]ation t ! solid e>? on :i* !y /ood1 or ! ev]la/+ hills :i* surr\nd$ !m1 7 und]go+ sl[ b /eady modifications1 he w\ld h be5 look$ ^u z a madman4 ,a revelation1 !n1 address$ to m5 ^: language1 ^: intellectual p[]s1 & ^: /ock ( ideas 7 ?us limit$1 mu/ ( itself also necess>ily h be5 bo? limit$ & de/itute ( precision4 ,x c\ld only deal ) ?+s ) :i* !y _h "s acqua9tance1 or ( :i* !y c\ld =m "s idea1 :ile1 f ! "* ( ! language1 & ! extreme brevity ( ! record1 ! treatm5t ( ev5 ^! few subjects mu/ h be5 ( a vague & indef9ite "*4 ,traces ( a deep] k !re might be1 b !y w\ld n lie ^u ! surface4 ,!y mu/ be c>efully s\ght =1 & !n !y w\ld be disc]nible only by ^? :o 7 9 possession ( ! key :i* w\ld unlock _! hidd5 secrets4 ,su* are ! limitations "u :i* ! revelation 0 necess>ily giv54 ,we h n[ to consid] our own especial difficulties1 ! ob/acles :i* /& 9 our way :5 we w\ld discov] = ourselves all ! in=mation :i* ! record is capable ( convey+4 ,= if ?is record be1 z we believe1 ! "w ( ! ,great ,ar*itect ( ! ,univ]se1 !n x is probable t its e detail is significant2 t :]ev] x 0 possible words 7 *os5 :i*1 :5 scrut9iz$1 w\ld convey mu* m in=mation ?an appe>$ on ! surface4 ,! great problem = u to solve is1 ,:at are ! difficulties :i* /& 9 our way :5 we w\ld seek ?is k1 & :at are ! means by :i* ^? difficulties may be surm\nt$1 & ! hidd5 treasure display$8 ,our fir/ difficulty arises f a matt] :i*1 view$ 9 ano!r light1 is "o ( our greate/ bless+s4 ,we are famili> ) ! ,record ?r\gh ! m$ium ( our own noble v]sion4 ,probably x is impossible = any translation m exactly to repres5t ! orig9al z x pres5t$ itself 9 ! fir/ in/ance to ! m9ds ( ^? to :om x 0 address$4 ,accord+ly we le>n x 9 our e>lie/ *ildhood2 its maje/ic phrases impr9t !mselves on our memory2 our undevelop$ m9ds seem capable ( tak+ 9 all t x 0 int5d$ to convey1 & s ! impressions =m$ ( x 9 our infancy abide ) u all our days4 ,we are cont5t$ ) !m1 & d n tr\ble ourselves to inquire :e!r !re is n some?+ beyond1 :i* we h n realiz$4 ,all ?is "t we =get t1 excell5t z x is1 x is aft] all only a translation1 & t ! v be/ translation _c repres5t 9 _! fulness ! ideas embodi$ 9 ! orig9al4 ,etymological relations betwe5 words (t5 give a =ce & mean+ to a s5t5ce :i* x is impossible to transfuse into ano!r language1 because ! same relations d n exi/ betwe5 ! words :i* we are con/ra9$ to employ4 ,!n !re is an intimate relation betwe5 m5's ?\ghts & ! language :i* !y habitually use1 s t ^? ?\ghts _c be p]fectly express$ 9 a language ^: "* is diff]5t4 ,aga9 9 e language !re are _m words :i* be> sev]al cognate s5ses1 :i* may be repres5t$ by z _m diff]5t words 9 ! language ( ! translation2 s t if ! be/ ^w is *os51 mu* ( ! fulness ( ! orig9al mu/ be lo/2 :ile x may s happ5 t ! select$ ^w has also a v>iety ( significations1 :i* d n correspond ) ! v>y+ mean+s ( ! orig9al ^w1 & ?us s5ses may be ascrib$ to ! orig9al :i* x w n be>1 because ! read] annexes to ! ^w 9 ! translation a s5se diff]5t f t 9 :i* x corresponds to ! orig9al ^w4 ,to all ^! s\rces ( imp]fection mu/ be add$ ! fact t our translation 0 made at a "t :5 sci5ce 0 n yet suffici5tly develop$ to ex]cise any influ5ce ^u x4 ,!re 0 no?+ to induce ! translators to attempt1 :]e x 0 possible1 to pres]ve any indications ( a deep] mean+1 because !y _h no reason to suspect t any su* deep] mean+ exi/$1 or t any indications ( su* a mean+ 7 to be f\nd4 ,to ! difficulties ( translation mu/ be add$ ! difficulties ( accumulat$ tradition4 ,! *>act]i/ics :i* m>k our own *ildi% intellect are app>5t also 9 ! collective intellect ( ! human race 9 its e>li] & rud] developm5t4 ,!re are two *>act]i/ics ( ! human m9d 9 ?is condition1 :i* h _h a v great effect on ! int]pretation ( ?is portion ( ! ,bible4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is ! impati5ce ( d\bt & unc]ta9ty4 ,! p[] ( recogniz+ ! imp]fection ( our k1 & ! consequ5t necessity ( susp5d+ our judgm5t1 is a p[] :i* is only gradually acquir$ ) ! accumulation ( exp]i5ce4 ,! "y untra9$ m9d f9ds x difficult to realize ! tru? t any in=mation communicat$ to x is n altoge!r )9 ! grasp ( its faculties4 ,x mu/ atta* "s def9ite mean+ to ! words2 x mu/ image to itself "s way 9 :i* great ev5ts 7 br\ght ab\t1 great works 7 accompli%$4 ,x f9ds x difficult to realize a fact z accompli%$1 unless x c also picture to itself "s way 9 :i* x might h be5 effect$4 ,= ?is purpose su* k z x has at its comm& is employ$1 & :]e t fails rec\rse is _h to ! imag9ation to supply ! defici5cy4 ,?us x has be5 ) ourselves 9 our *ildhood1 & ?us x 0 9 ! *ildhood ( ! _w4 ,k 0 inde$ s\ght1 b x 0 n s\ght 9 ! "r way1 & s ! se>* (t5 result$ 9 error1 & ?is error produc$ its effect 9 ! int]pretation ( ! passage 9 "q4 ,! old s*ool ( inquir]s />t$ f c]ta9 ab/ract pr9ciples1 & endeavo>$ to r$uce ! results ( obs]vation to con=mity ) ^? pr9ciples4 ,?is 0 ! case ) a/ronomy4 ,! old a/ronom]s tak+ z axioms ! two assumptions t ev]y?+ connect$ ) ! heav5ly bodies mu/ be p]fect1 & t ! circle is ! only p]fect figure1 easily satisfi$ !mselves t ! orbits ( all ! heav5ly bodies mu/ be circles4 ,h5ce came ! ,cycle on epicycle1 orb on orb1 by :i* !y s\ght to acc\nt = ! ph5om5a :i* !y obs]v$4 ,:5 once ! me?od 0 *ang$1 :5 once x _h occurr$ to ,kepl] t1 z x seem$ to be impossible to acc\nt = ! app>5t motion ( ,m>s by any !ory ( circul> orbits1 x might be wor? :ile to try to asc]ta9 by obs]vation :at its orbit really 01 a few ye>s ( pati5t lab\r suffic$ to solve ! problem4 ,x 0 sci5ce su* z ?is1 !n1 t our =efa!rs br\ght to ! int]pretation ( ! ,mosaic ,record1 & ! consequ5ce 0 t :51 f "t to "t1 facts 7 casually br\ght to light :i* might h l$ ! way to va/ discov]ies1 _! true significance 0 nev] disc]n$2 all t 0 s\ght f !m 0 "s additional support to ! old views4 ,?us sometimes gigantic bones 7 exhum$3 )\t inve/igation1 x 0 at once assum$ t !y 7 human bones1 & !y 7 br\ght =w>d to prove ! tru? ( ! /atem5t1 ,!re 7 also giants 9 ! e>? 9 ^? days4 ,sea-%ells 7 f\nd on m\nta9 sides1 f> f & high above ! sea--!y 7 evid5ces ( ! ,deluge4 ,! second *>act]i/ic ( t /ate ( m9d is its admiration ( ! />tl+ & ! va/4 ,9 ^! alone x recognizes ! tok5s ( unlimit$ p[]4 ,x is unable to appreciate ^? m maje/ic manife/ations ( p[] :i* are disc]n$ by ! enlight5$ eye1 :5 a /up5d\s s*eme is develop$1 gradually & imp]ceptibly1 b )\t pause or hesitation ?r\gh a long succession ( ages2 :5 a multitude ( seem+ly discordant elem5ts are at la/ br\ght toge!r 9 a p]fect "w2 :5 a p[]1 unse5 & unnotic$1 sl[ly b surely ov]rules ! work+ ( t5 ?\s& app>5tly indep5d5t ag5ts1 ?r\gh a ?\s& g5]ations1 & m\lds _! sep>ate works into "o h>moni\s :ole4 ,su* a manife/ation ( p[] z ?is 0 beyond ! grasp ( ! untra9$ m9d2 b to su* intellects !re 0 some?+ irresi/ibly fasc9at+ 9 ! idea ( a _w ris+ into p]fect exi/5ce 9 a mom5t1 ( innum]able ho/s ( liv+ creatures call$ into be+ at a ^w4 ,su* 0 ! mean+ ( ! acc\nt ( creation :i* naturally sugge/$ itself to ! untra9$ m9d1 & !re 0 no?+ 9 sci5ce 9 ^? e>ly days to ?r[ any d\bt ^u x1 & s ?is belief 0 unhesitat+ly & almo/ univ]sally adopt$4 ,"h & !re1 inde$1 "s man ( deep] ?\ght ?an 8 bre?r51 su* z ,/4 ,augu/9e ,footnote3 ,see ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,de ,g5esi ad ,lit]am1 ,lib] ,imp]fectus1 & ,libri ,duodecim1 & also ,confessionum ,lib] xiii41 suspect$ t !re might be m 9 t seem+ly simple record ?an 0 g5]ally ackn[l$g$2 b su* m5 _h no means ( v]ify+ _! conjectures1 & _! numb] 0 v small4 ,= ?ree ?\s& ye>s ! old view 0 practically unque/ion$1 x receiv$ ! tacit sanction ( ! ,*ur*1 x gradually became id5tifi$ 9 ! m9ds ( all ) ! record itself1 & 0 z mu* an article ( fai? z ! v ,cre$4 ,?is 0 ! /ate ( ?+s1 :5 at la/ sci5ce awoke f its long slumb]1 & began = ! fir/ "t to employ its en]gies 9 ! "r direction4 ,v soon discov]ies 7 made :i* />tl$ ! m9ds ( all believ]s 9 ! ,bible4 ,! fir/ %ock :i* ! old belief su/a9$ 0 f ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,cop]nican view ( ! ,sol> ,sy/em4 ,t ! _w 0 ! immovable c5tre ( ! univ]se1 ar\nd :i* sun1 moon1 & planets mov$ 9 _! appo9t$ c\rses1 0 univ]sally held to be ! express tea*+ ( ! ,bible2 & :5 ,galileo v5tur$ to ma9ta9 ! new views 9 ,italy1 ! ,roman ,curia took up ! "q1 & by ! ag5cy ( ! ,inquisition wrung f him a reluctant retractation ( 8 s-call$ h]esy4 ,b x 0 ( no avail4 ,! new doctr9e 0 true1 & x c\ld n be cru%$4 ,fre% evid5ce ( its tru? 0 cont9ually com+ =w>d1 till at la/ x 0 univ]sally receiv$4 ,!n ! def5d]s ( ! ,bible _h rec\rse to ! sugge/ion t z ! ,bible 0 n int5d$ to tea* u sci5ce1 su* errors 7 ( no consequ5ce1 ,b ?is argum5t1 ?\gh p]fectly s\nd ) ref]5ce to su* passages z ,jo%ua x4 #ab-ad1 :]e an ev5t is describ$ z x appe>$ to ^? :o witness$ x1 is n admissible 9 su* a passage z ,psalm xcvi4 #aj1 :]e ! suppos$ immobility ( ! e>? is alleg$ z a pro( ( ,god's sov]eignty1 & is made ! f\ndation ( ! duty ( proclaim+ t sov]eignty among ! hea!n4 ,:5 ! suppos$ pro( 0 f\nd to be a fallacy1 ! /atem5t 9 support ( :i* x 0 alleg$ w\ld be m or less %ak54 ,9 su* a passage1 !n1 ! !ory ( limit$ inspiration is evid5tly unt5able4 ,at la/ ! only s5sible c\rse 0 adopt$4 ,rec\rse 0 _h to ! orig9al1 & x 0 at once app>5t t ! suppos$ difficulty _h no real exi/5ce1 b t !re 0 a v trifl+ inaccuracy 9 ! translation2 = t ! ^w translat$ %all n be mov$ really signifi$ %all n be %ak5 or tott]4 ,! same ^w is us$ 9 ,psalm xvii4 #e1 ,hold up my go+s 9 ,?y pa?s1 t my foot/eps ,,slip ,,n4 ,in/ead1 !n1 ( an error1 we h an exact description ( ! e>?'s motion--a motion s /eady & equable1 t = ?\s&s ( ye>s no s+le individual out ( ! myriads :o 7 cont9ually c>ri$ along by x _h ev] suspect$ its exi/5ce4 ,well _h x be5 = all if ! lesson ?us taught _h be5 deeply laid to he>t4 ,b unhappily x 0 entirely unnotic$4 ,sci5ce pursu$ its way ) increas+ en]gy1 & m facts 7 ye> by ye> br\ght to light :i* seem$ entirely to contradict ! tea*+ ( ! ,bible1 & aga9 al>m & di/ru/ sprung up 9 ! m9ds ( :at1 = want ( a bett] "n1 we may p]haps be all[$ to designate z ! ,!ological ,p>ty4 ,! p[] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome 0 by ?is "t s f> curtail$ t ! old means ( repression 7 no long] available2 b ! old _s surviv$1 & n 9 ,rome only4 ,!re 0 ! same bl9d di/ru/1 ! same mi/ak5 zeal = suppos$ tru?1 ! same indignation :i* naturally arises :5 ?+s :i* we hold preci\s are attack$1 &1 z x seems to u1 )\t any suffici5t reason4 ,!re 0 inde$ mu* to acc\nt = & ev5 to ju/ify ! feel+s ( ang] & al>m :i* 7 excit$1 = ! "t :5 ^! discov]ies began to be br\ght prom95tly =w>d 0 ! latt] half ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,at t "t ! fam\s ,fr5* ,academy 0 do+ its deadly "w1 & ! new discov]ies 7 gladly hail$ by ! infidel philosoph]s ( ,france1 z weapons aga9/ ! ,bible4 ,b ! reception giv5 to ^! discov]ies by ! !ological p>ty1 ?\gh p>tially ju/ifi$ by ! circum/ances ( ! times1 0 nev]!less v mis*iev\s 9 its results4 ,= ?\gh ! new discov]ies 7 hail$ en?usia/ically by ! infidel s*ool1 a v l>ge portion ( ! m5 by :om !y 7 made1 & ( ^? :o 7 conv9c$ ( _! tru?1 7 m5 ( a v diff]5t "*4 ,!y 7 simple e>ne/ seek]s aft] tru? z x is display$ 9 ,god's works4 ,_! belief 9 ! ,bible re/$ 9 mo/ cases on ! au?ority ( o!rs4 ,!y _h n inve/igat$ = !mselves its ext]nal evid5ces2 9 _m cases !y _h nei!r ! ability nor ! opportunity to d s2 nor _h _m ( !m z yet become practically famili> ) t int]nal evid5ce :i* ! fai?ful ,*ri/ian c>ries )9 him1 ?\gh 9 "t !y might h become s1 _h !y n be5 driv5 into infidelity by ! reception :i* 0 giv5 to _! discov]ies4 ,:5 m5 ( ?is "* 7 in=m$ by ^? to :om !y 7 accu/om$ to look up z tea*]s 9 religi\s matt]s1 t ! discov]ies1 ( ! tru? ( :i* !y 7 s firmly conv9c$1 & 9 :i* !y took su* ju/ifiable pride1 7 contradictory to ! tea*+ ( ! ,bible1 !y 7 plac$ 9 a position ( extreme difficulty4 ,= ?is /atem5t 01 9 fact1 a dem& made ^u !m t !y %\ld give up ^! discov]ies z errone\s1 or else r5\nce _! belief 9 ! ,bible4 ,b _! belief 9 ! ,bible re/$ 9 ! ma9 on ! au?ority ( o!rs2 !y felt !mselves incompet5t judges ( ! evid5ce on :i* x re/$1 :ile !y 7 fully acqua9t$ )1 & compet5t judges (1 ! gr\nds on :i* _! own discov]ies 7 bas$4 ,! evid5ce on :i* !y act$ 01 to _! m9ds1 q z conv9c+ z ! ,biblical evid5ce 0 to ! m9ds ( _! antagoni/s4 ,two ?+s1 !n1 7 pron\nc$ incompatible by :at seem$ to be a compet5t au?ority2 !y c\ld n adh]e to bo?1 & ! natural consequ5ce 0 t _! ass5t 0 giv5 to ^? /atem5ts :i* re/$ on evid5ce :i* !y ?or\ghly und]/ood1 & ! ,bible 0 reject$4 ,?us x has come to pass t _m ( our sci5tific m51 if n pr(ess$ unbeliev]s1 h yet le>nt to look ^u ! ,bible ) suspicion & di/ru/4 ,to "s ( !m1 z is evid5t f _! writ+s1 _! position is a matt] ( pr(\nd sorr[4 ,!re h1 inde$1 be5 _m noble exceptions to ?is /ate ( ?+s4 ,_m m5 ^: pre-em95ce 9 sci5tific k & rese>* is admitt$ by all1 h yet clung 9 *ildlike tru/ to ! ,bible4 ,!y h recogniz$ its au?ority1 !y h be5 satisfi$ t ,god's ,^w c\ld n be 9 opposition to ,8 ,"w1 & !y h be5 cont5t to wait 9 unque/ion+ fai? = ! day :5 all t n[ seems d>k & p]plex+ %all be made cle>4 ,b !re h also be5 v _m ) :om ?is has n be5 ! case1 & _! unbelief has n affect$ !mselves alone4 ,! k ( x has _h a deadly effect ^u ?\s&s :o 7 utt]ly incompet5t to =m any judgm5t on ei!r !ological or sci5tific subjects1 b :o gladly welcom$ any?+ :i* w\ld help to ju/ify !m to _! own consci5ces 9 _! refusal to submit !mselves to a law :i*1 9 _! ignorance1 !y deem$ to be h>% & intol]able4 ,!re has also be5 ano!r class ( suff]]s4 ,_m p]sons :o lov$ ! ,bible1 b ^: education1 &1 consequ5tly1 ^: p[]s ( judgm5t 9 ! matt] 7 v limit$1 h receiv$ v great injury f ! d\bt :i* has be5 ?r[n on its au?ority4 ,unable ( !mselves to =m a judgm5t on ! subject1 !y c\ld n be unmov$ by ! op9ion express$ by ^? :om !y reg>d$ z bett] in=m$ ?an !mselves4 ,h5ce _! fai? has receiv$ a %ock always pa9ful & dang]\s1 (t5 p]haps fatal4 ,_m attempts h be5 made to ov]come ! difficulty :i* has ?us aris54 ,:5 geologi/s fir/ began to /udy ! lessons :i* are to be le>nt f fossils1 a sugge/ion 0 made :i*1 ?\gh x 0 soon %[n to be unt5able1 has /ill p]haps a few support]s4 ,x 0 said t ^! fossils 7 n :at !y seem$ to be1 ! rema9s ( creatures :i* once liv$1 b simple /ones1 fa%ion$ f ! fir/ 9 _! pres5t =m by ! w ( ! ,creator4 ,b su* an idea is at v>iance ) all t ei!r ,nature or ,revelation tea*es u conc]n+ ,god4 ,all ^? :o h any famili>ity ) ! subject _c b feel t ! sugge/ion ( su* a solution ( ! difficulty is little %ort ( a sugge/ion t ! ,almighty has /amp$ a lie ^u ! face ( ,8 own ,"w4 ,ano!r propos$ solution1 :i* = a "t seem$ satisfactory1 assum$ sev]al successive creations & de/ructions ( ! _w to h tak5 place 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! fir/ & second v]ses ( ,g5esis4 ,to ^! all ! fossil rema9s 7 ascrib$1 :ile ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s 0 suppos$ to be ! result ( ! op]ations record$ 9 ! rema9d] ( ! *apt]4 ,b z geological k advanc$1 x soon became cle> t !re 7 no breaks 9 ! *a9 ( life2 no po9ts at :i* "o set ( creatures _h di$ out1 :ile ano!r _h n yet aris5 to fill up ! void1 b t all *ange _h be5 gradual & progressive1 & t species /ill liv+ on ! e>? are id5tical ) "s :i* 7 9 exi/5ce :5 ! l[e/ t]ti>y /rata 7 9 process ( =mation--a "t :i* mu/ h be5 _m ?\s& ye>s prior to ! appe>ance ( man4 ,o!r attempts h be5 made ^u lit]>y gr\nds4 ,hugh ,mill] ,footnote3 ,te/imony ( ! ,rocks4 c>efully work$ out a sugge/ion d]iv$ f a ,g]man s\rce1 t ! hi/ory ( ,creation 0 pres5t$ to ,moses 9 a s]ies ( six visions1 :i* appe>$ to him z s _m days ) int]v5+ nights4 ,m rec5tly ,dr4 ,rorison ,footnote3 ,9 ,answ]s to ,essays & ,reviews4 has ma9ta9$ t ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis is n a hi/ory at all1 b a poem--! ,hymn ( ,creation4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no?+ 9 ! *apt] itself to confirm ei!r ( ^! views4 ,:5 visions are record$ else:]e we are told t !y are visions1 b no su* h9t is giv5 u "h4 ,nor d we f9d 9 ! passage any ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ,hebrew poetry4 ,x is ins]t$ 9 an ,hi/orical docum5t1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( any pro( to ! contr>y1 x is pla9ly itself also to be reg>d$ z ,hi/ory4 ,b !re rema9s yet "o me?od to be attempt$4 ,if !re is reason to believe t ! ,bible is ! ,^w ( ,god1 j z ! univ]se is ,8 ,"w1 !n we may well expect t ea* ( !m w ?r[ light ^u & help u to a "r und]/&+ ( ! o!r4 ,& if !re be "o "p beyond all o!rs 9 :i* ?is may be confid5tly look$ =1 x is t "p 9 :i* ! ,div9e ,ar*itect describes ,8 own "w4 ,we "k h[ difficult x is to und]/& a complicat$ process1 or a complex piece ( ma*9]y1 f a m]e writt5 description2 & h[ our difficulty is less5$ if we h ! opportunity ( inspect+ ! ma*9]y or ! process4 ,j 9 ! same way we may expect to enc\nt] difficulties1 & to =m errone\s conclusions :5 we /udy by itself su* a docum5t z ! hi/ory ( ,creation1 & we may well expect t ^? difficulties w be dim9i%$1 & ^? errors correct$ by an exam9ation ( t mat]ial univ]se1 ! production ( :i* x describes4 ,&1 on ! o!r h&1 if sci5ce--! /udy ( ! univ]se--is f\nd to ?r[ light ^u & to receive light f ! ,bible1 ?is is a fre% pro( t ! ,bible & ! univ]se are f ! same s\rce2 ! au?ority ( ! ,bible is m firmly e/abli%$1 & ! conclusions arriv$ at by m5 ( sci5ce are confirm$4 ,b be=e ?is c be done to any good purpose1 some?+ is requir$ f bo? ! cont5d+ p>ties4 ,! !ological p>ty mu/ be prep>$ to sacrifice _m an old op9ion1 _m a *]i%$ belief4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 to discrim9ate betwe5 ! g5u9e /atem5ts ( ! ,mosaic ,record1 & ! old int]pretations :i* h be5 incorporat$ into & id5tifi$ ) ^? /atem5ts4 ,"s1 p]haps1 may fe> le/1 9 reject+ ^? int]pretations1 !y may be sett+ at n\ght an au?ority to :i* !y ought to submit1 s9ce ^! int]pretations seem to h ! sanction ( ! ,*ur*4 ,b x c h>dly be ma9ta9$ t ^? promises ( ,div9e guidance & protection f error :i* 7 giv5 to ! ,*ur* ext5d$ to su* matt]s z ?is4 ,no "q ( fai? or duty is involv$ 9 ! int]pretation :i* we may give to ! details ( ,creation4 ,if !re are "s p>ts ( ! ,bible 9 :i* ! e>lie/ int]pretation is unque/ionably ! true "o1 !re are also o!r p>ts1 su* z _m ( ! prophecies1 :i* became intelligible only :5 light 0 ?r[n ^u !m by subsequ5t ev5ts4 ,& s x seems to be ) ! ,record ( ,creation3 x c only be rightly und]/ood 9 proportion z we become acqua9t$ ) ! details ( ! matt]s to :i* x ref]s4 ,any int]pretation :i* 0 put ^u x be=e ^? details 7 br\ght to light mu/ ( necessity be liable to error4 ,b some?+ is also requir$ ( ! opposite p>ty4 ,at ! v ?re%old ( ! inve/igation !y mu/ be ask$ to lay aside1 s f> z is possible1 ^? prejudices aga9/ ! ,bible :i* h naturally aris5 9 _! m9ds f ! ob/9acy ) :i* views1 :i* !y knew to be unt5able1 h be5 =c$ ^u _! acceptance z ! und\bt$ tea*+ ( ,god1 s t !y may ent] ^u ! inve/igation ) unbiass$ m9ds4 ,!n !y mu/ be c>eful to di/+ui% betwe5 e/abli%$ facts1 & !ories h[ev] probable4 ,!re is some?+ v fasc9at+ 9 a well con/ruct$ !ory4 ,!ories h aga9 & aga9 done su* good s]vice 9 op5+ ! way1 fir/1 to ! discov]y1 & !n to ! arrangem5t ( facts1 t we are v apt to assign to !m an au?ority f> beyond t to :i* !y are really entitl$4 ,:51 = in/ance1 we h asc]ta9$ t a c]ta9 numb] ( facts are expla9$ by "s p>ticul> !ory1 we are apt to assume prematurely1 t ! same !ory mu/ acc\nt = & be 9 h>mony ) all simil> & relat$ facts2 or1 if we h satisfi$ ourselves t c]ta9 results ,,may h be5 produc$ 9 a p>ticul> way1 we are 9 great dang] ( be+ l$ to conclude t !y ,,mu/ h happ5$ 9 t way4 ,no m]e !ory c h any weight aga9/ a /atem5t re/+ on solid evid5ce1 b :]e ! evid5ce is weak1 or1 :at is practically ! same ?+1 :]e ! k ( t evid5ce is defective1 a probable !ory mu/ c>ry great weight 9 influ5c+ our judgm5t4 ,c>e mu/ !re=e be tak5 to keep !ories 9 _! prop] place4 ,:]e we h to deal ) well-e/abli%$ facts1 any int]pretations to :i* ^? facts may lead u may be tak5 z also e/abli%$1 b int]pretations :i* are sugge/$ by !ories only mu/ be reg>d$ z provisional1 & liable to future modification or rejection1 z our k increases4 ,! ,mosaic ,record itself1 :5 c>efully exam9$1 seems to be peculi>ly op5 to ! process sugge/$4 ,no d\bt !re is yet mu* "w = ,philology to d 9 its int]pretation ,footnote3 ,su* words1 = in/ance1 z ,hebrew script31,hebrew script31 ,hebrew script1 us$ ( diff]5t creative acts1 may imply "s diff]5ce ( :i* we are ignorant4 ,s aga9 ! uses ( ! words ,hebrew script1 ,hebrew script31 & ,hebrew script3 = man1 may h a be>+ on "s ( ^? que/ions :i* n[ seem mo/ p]plex+41 b "o ?+ seems c]ta9--!re is 9 x an abs5ce ( all detail4 ,! facts to :i* x has ref]5ce are /at$ 9 ! briefe/ & mo/ simple mann]1 )\t ! slighte/ ref]5ce to ! means by :i* !y 7 effect$1 or1 ap>t f ! "q ( ! days1 ! "t :i* 0 occupi$ 9 _! accompli%m5t4 ,:5 /ripp$ ( all t is traditional1 & exam9$ /rictly by itself1 ! n>rative seems greatly to resemble "o ( ^? outl9e maps :i* are suppli$ to *ildr5 :o are le>n+ geography1 on :i* only a few prom95t features ( ! c\ntry are laid d[n1 & ! le>n] is left to fill 9 ! details z 8 k advances4 ,only 9 ?is case ! details h already be5 fill$ 9 by ! light ( v imp]fect k1 aid$ by a f]tile imag9ation4 ,^! we mu/ oblit]ate if we w\ld re/ore ! possibility ( a fai?ful del9eation1 & we mu/ be c>eful1 9 future1 to avoid a simil> error4 ,we mu/ put d[n no?+ z c]ta9 :i* has n be5 conclusively %[n to be s4 ,?is la/ caution is specially ne$$ at ! pres5t "t1 =1 pr\d z we are ( our advance 9 sci5ce1 ! am\nt ( :at is c]ta9ly kn[n is probably v mu* less ?an we imag9e4 ,a great deal t 0 receiv$ z c]ta9 a few ye>s ago1 is n[ consid]$ to be d\btful1 or ev5 recogniz$ z a mi/ake & ab&on$4 ,?is is especially ! case ) ,a/ronomy1 :i* seems to be almo/ 9 a /ate ( revolution4 ,dep5d5t1 z x is almo/ entirely1 ^u me*anical & optical aid1 e improvem5t & discov]y 9 ^! dep>tm5ts *anges its position1 br++ to light new facts1 & modify+ ! aspect ( ^? :i* 7 previ\sly kn[n4 ,! v basis ( all a/ronomical calculations1 ! /&>d ( "t1 is n[ no long] reli$ ^u z inv>iable4 ,x is suspect$ ( a *ange result+ f a gradual ret>dation 9 ! rate ( ! e>?'s rotation on its axis1 produc$ by tidal friction4 ,:5 ! b9>y />s 7 discov]$1 ! discov]y 0 hail$ z a pro( ( ! univ]sal preval5ce ( ! law ( gravitation4 ,lat] obs]vations h ?r[n d\bt ^u t conclusion1 z _m pairs are kn[n to exi/1 :i*1 ?\gh !y h :at is t]m$ a common prop] motion1 or are j\rney+ ?r\gh space toge!r1 h no relative motion1 :i* !y mu/ %[1 if !y 7 mov+ "u ! influ5ce ( _! mutual attractions4 ,! suppos$ simplicity ( ! sol> sy/em has giv5 place to extreme complexity4 ,a c5tury ago1 six planets1 t5 satellites1 & a few comets1 7 suppos$ to con/itute ! :ole ret9ue ( ! sun3 n[1 in/ead ( ?is1 we h two gr\ps ( f\r planets ea*1 ! individual memb]s ( ea* gr\p closely resembl+ ea* o!r 9 all po9ts )9 our k1 :ile 9 all ^! po9ts ! gr\ps diff] greatly4 ,betwe5 ^! two gr\ps lies a belt ( v small planets1 ( :i* ! #a/ 0 discov]$ on ! fir/ day ( ! pres5t c5tury1 & ! #abd? ?is ye>1 & ! numb] ( kn[n satellites has increas$ f #aj to #ag4 ,add to ?is ! meteoric gr\ps1 & _! suspect$ connexion ) c]ta9 comets1 & ! p]plex+ que/ions sugge/$ by ! ,sol> ,corona & ! ,zodiacal light1 & x w be se5 t our k is 9 a transitional /ate2 t ) s _m problems unsolv$1 any app>5t contradiction to ! sacr$ record w require a c>eful scrut9y to asc]ta9 t ! gr\nds on :i* x is br\ght =w>d are well e/abli%$4 ,geology1 s f> z our pres5t subject is conc]n$1 /&s ^u a some:at diff]5t foot+4 ,?\gh a mu* y\ng] sci5ce ?an a/ronomy1 x has "o great advantage ov] x2 ! facts ) :i* x has to d are = ! mo/ "p disc]nible by ! unaid$ s5ses1 & x is !re=e indep5d5t ( in/rum5tal help4 ,_m *anges h occurr$ 9 ! views ( ,geologi/s1 b 9 ! ma9 !y h ref]5ce to processes ,footnote3 ,su*1 = in/ance1 is ! modification ( ! views ( geologi/s z to ! relative effects ( disruption & d5udation 9 det]m9+ ! features ( ! e>?'s surface4 r ?an to results1 & x is ! results ) :i* we are *iefly conc]n$4 ,physiologi/s h ent]$ on ! conte/ ) ! ,bible on two diff]5t1 & seem+ly contradictory gr\nds4 ,"s ( !m h ma9ta9$ t ! v>ieties ( mank9d are s di/9ct1 t x is impossible !y c all be desc5d$ f a s+le human pair1 :ile o!rs ass]t t n only all ! v>ieties ( mank9d1 b all ! v>ieties ( liv+ be+s are desc5d$ f a s+le prog5itor4 ,betwe5 ! advocates ( ^! two sy/ems !re mu/ be su* an enorm\s diff]5ce z to ! ext5t to :i* v>iation is possible1 z to ju/ify u 9 assum+ t ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( physiological sci5ce are n yet satisfactorily asc]ta9$4 ,^! are ! ?ree bran*es ( sci5ce :i* come especially into collision ) ! ,mosaic ,record ( ! ,creation4 ,( ^! ,geology is ! mo/ important1 because x is able to br+ =w>d unque/ionable facts :i* are 9 direct opposition to ! tradition>y int]pretation ,a/ronomy & physiology h little to object except !oretical views2 ! hypo!ses ( ,laplace & ,d>w94 ,^!1 h[ev]1 w h to be c>efully consid]$4 ,x w be necess>y = u fir/ to asc]ta9 :e!r !re really exi/s any su* fundam5tal discrepancy betwe5 ! record & asc]ta9$ facts1 or !ories s f> z !y are support$ by facts1 & /& on a probable foot+1 z %\ld r5d] all attempts at h>moniz+ !m va94 ,if ?is is f\nd n to be ! case1 we %all !n be 9 a position to inquire :e!r mod]n discov]ies af=d u any really valuable light1 & c assi/ u to =m a some:at m ext5d$ & accurate idea ( ! processes describ$ by ! sacr$ hi/orian4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,difficulties ,,9 ,,geology4 ,! pr9cipal po9ts on :i* !re is a suppos$ discrepancy betwe5 ! ,mosaic ,record & ! discov]ies ( geologi/s are z foll[s3-- ,,! ,,mosaic ,,record ,,appe>s ,,to ,,ass]t-- ,i4 ,t ! _w 9 all its complet5ess1 z x n[ exi/s1 0 m\ld$ out ( mat]ial 9 a *aotic /ate 9 six ord9>y days4 ,geologi/s h asc]ta9$1 beyond ! possibility ( a d\bt1 t ! process mu/ h occupi$ c\ntless ages4 ,,ii4 ,t ! fir/ appe>ance ( animal life 0 on ! fif? ( ^? six days4 ,geologi/s h discov]$ t animal life 0 9 exi/5ce at ! v e>lie/ p]iod to :i* !y h z yet be5 able to ext5d _! inve/igations4 ,,iii4 ,t all liv+ creatures are divid$ into two classes1 & t ! fir/ ( ^! classes 0 creat$ on ! fif?1 ! second on ! six? day2 & t ea* class1 9 all its divisions1 ) ! exception ( man1 came into exi/5ce simultane\sly4 ,geologi/s trace ! rise & increase ( ea* class ?r\gh a long c\rse ( ages4 ,,iv4 ,t dea? ent]$ into ! _w ?r\gh ! s9 ( man4 ,! v exi/5ce ( fossils implies t x 0 ! law ( all animal life f ! fir/4 ,v4 ,t till ! fall all creatures liv$ exclusively on vegetable food4 ,geologi/s h asc]ta9$ ! exi/5ce ( c>nivor\s creatures f a v remote p]iod4 ,besides ^!1 !re are "s o!r suppos$ difficulties & inaccuracies ( a less important "*1 :i* may be notic$1 9 pass+1 :5 ! true mean+ ( ! record is "u discussion4 ,,section #a4 ,,! ,,days4 ,! "q ( ! days is beyond all d\bt ! mo/ important ( ^? :i* h to be discuss$4 ,on ! "o h&1 ! impression naturally left ^u ! read] ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis is t natural days are meant1 & ?is impression is n remov$ by a cursory inspection ( ! orig9al4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if !re is any "o sci5tific belief :i* re/s on peculi>ly solid gr\nd1 x is ! belief t ! =mation ( ! _w occupi$ a p]iod :i* is beyond ! grasp ( ! mo/ p[]ful imag9ation4 ,!re is1 inde$1 "s reason to ?9k t ! "t claim$ by geologi/s is some:at exagg]at$4 ,_! views are 9 _m cases bas$ on ! assumption t *ange is n[ go+ on1 on ! surface ( ! e>?1 z x did 9 all pa/ "t--t x is ! same 9 "*1 9 int5sity1 & 9 rate4 ,b !re are good reasons = suppos+ t almo/ all ! causes :i* lead to *ange are gradually decreas+ 9 int5sity4 ,! *ief causes by :i* *anges are br\ght ab\t are ! upheaval & subsid5ce ( ! e>?'s surface2 ! de/ructive ag5cies ( w9d1 /orms at sea1 ra9 & fro/2 & ! action ( ! tides4 ,( ^!1 all b ! la/ are directly dep5d5t on ! action ( heat1 & !re is e reason to believe t ! heat ( ! e>? is 9 process ( gradual dissipation4 ,if ?is be ! case1 all ^? ag5cies :i* are dep5d5t on x mu/ ,footnote3 ,x is ?\ght probable t ?is process is complete1 or ne>ly s1 9 ! moon4 ,if ?is be ! case1 x is 9 all probability 9 progress 9 ! case ( ! e>?1 ?\gh1 ow+ to ! mu* great] bulk ( ! latt]1 x occupies a long] p]iod4 --,locky]1 ,lessons 9 ,a/ronomy1 p4 #ic4 be decl9+ 9 int5sity2 b ! rate ( t decrease is unkn[n2 x may be 9 ari?metical1 or x may be 9 geometrical progression4 ,x is1 !n1 by no means impossible t *anges1 :i* n[ only become disc]nible ) ! lapse ( c5turies1 might1 at "s pa/ p]iod ( our globe's hi/ory1 h be5 ! "w ( ye>s only4 ,nor is x at all probable t ! pres5t rate ( *ange1 :i* is assum$ z ! basis ( ! calculation1 is kn[n ) any approa* to accuracy4 ,exact obs]vations are ( v rec5t date2 bo? ! incl9ation & ! means = mak+ !m are ! gr[? ( ! la/ two c5turies1 & ! *anges :i* h to be asc]ta9$ are ( a class peculi>ly liable to modification f a v>iety ( local & tempor>y causes1 s t a v mu* long] p]iod mu/ elapse be=e we c arrive at av]age values :i* may be reli$ on z ev5 approximately accurate4 ,ano!r circum/ance1 :i* seems to m]it m att5tion ?an x has receiv$1 is ! v frequ5t recurr5ce 9 ,greek my?ology ( allusions to creatures :i* h be5 usually reg>d$ z ! creations ( a poetic fancy1 b :i* be> a /rong resemblance to ! ,saurian & o!r mon/]s ( ! ,oolite & ,cretace\s =mations4 ,( c\rse1 x is n impossible t ^! ?+s may h be5 purely poetic imag9+s2 b1 if s1 x is v rem>kable t su* realizations ( ^? imag9+s %\ld be aft]w>ds discov]$4 ,x w\ld seem mu* m probable t ^! leg5ds 7 exagg]at$ traditions ( creatures :i* actually exi/$ :5 ! fir/ coloni/s rea*$ _! new homes1 9 numb]s comp>atively small1 b /ill suffici5t to occasion mu* dang] & al>m to ! e>ly settl]s1 & to cause _! de/roy]s to be reg>d$ z among ! greate/ h]oes ( ! "t & ! greate/ b5efactors ( mank9d4 ,! ,h9doo tradition ( ! tortoise on ^: back /&s ! elephant :i* upholds ! _w1 & ! acc\nt ( ,levia?an 9 ! ,book ( ,job1 seem to po9t 9 ! same direction4 ,footnote3 ,= additional in/ances see ,tylor's ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ,mank9d1 p4 #cjc4 ,b1 aft] all1 ! "q is n "o ( a few ?\s&s ( ye>s m or less1 b ( six common days1 or _m ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,x may help u to arrive at a "r conclusion on ! subject if we endeav\r to asc]ta91 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 :e!r !re are any /rongly-m>k$ indications t ! writ] ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ,g5esis did possess "s accurate in=mation on "s po9ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ,creation :i* he 0 n likely to obta9 by 8 own rese>*es4 ,= ?is purpose we w place 9 p>allel columns ! lead+ facts record$ by ,moses1 & a table ( ! successive =mations ( ! rocks1 abridg$ f ! la/ edition 7#ahga7 ( ,sir ,c4 ,lyell's ,/ud5t's ,geology4 ,?is process w br+ to light c]ta9 co9cid5ces :i* may s]ve z l&m>ks = our inve/igation4 ,! ,days4 ,,! ,,rocks4 #a4 ,creation ( light4 #b4 ,creation ( ! ,atmosph]e4 ,! e>? cov]$ ) wat] ,laur5tian4 #c4-- impli$4 ,cambrian4 ,upheaval ( l&4 ----,silurian4 ,creation ( t]re/rial ,flora4 ,devonian4 ,c>bonif]\s4 #d4 ,! sun & moon made ,lum9>ies4----,p]mian4 ,triassic4 ,triassic4 #e4 ,creation ( birds & reptiles ----,jurassic4 ,cretace\s1 ,eoc5e4 #f4--;,creation ( l& animals4 ----,eoc5e4 ,creation ( man4 ,mioc5e4 ,pleioc5e4 ,po/ ,t]ti>y4 ,,concurr5t ,,ev5ts4 ,laur5tian3 ,upp] ,laur5tian uncon=mably plac$ on ,l[] ,laur5tian1 :i* conta9s ,eozoon ,canad5se4 ,cambrian3 ,traces ( volcanic action4 ,ripple m>ks indicat+ l&4 ,silurian3 ,e>lie/ fi%4 ,devonian3 ,e>lie/ l& plants4 ,c>bonif]\s3 ,! coal measures4 ,peculi>ly abundant vegetation4 ,e>lie/ kn[n reptile4 ,p]mian3 ,foot-pr9ts ( birds & reptiles--) a few rema9s ( ! latt]4 ,jurassic3 ,! fir/ bird1 & ! fir/ mammal4 ,! age ( reptiles4 ,cretace\s3 ,reptiles pass+ away1 mammalia abundant & ( l>ge size4 ,po/ ,t]ti>y3 ,human rema9s f\nd only 9 ! mo/ rec5t deposits4 ,9 ?is table we see c]ta9 po9ts ( /rongly-m>k$ co9cid5ce3-- #a4 ,! olde/ rocks ) :i* we are acqua9t$--! ,l[] ,laur5tian ,footnote3 ,! age ( granite is unc]ta94--,lyell'a ,/ud5t's ,geology1 p4 #edh4--7 =m$ "u wat]1 b _h begun to be elevat$ be=e ! next s]ies1 ! ,upp] ,laur5tian1 7 deposit$4 ,ripple m>ks are f\nd 9 ! ,cambrian gr\p ,footnote3 ,ibid4 p4 #dgj1 indicat+ t ! p>ts :]e !y occur =m$ a sea-bea*1 &1 consequ5tly1 t dry l& 0 9 exi/5ce at t "t4 #b4 ,! e>lie/ fossil l& plants z yet discov]$ are f\nd 9 ! ,devonian s]ies1 & !y gradually increase till1 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s /rata1 !y atta9 ! extreme abundance :i* gave rise to ! coal measures4 #c4 ,! age ( reptiles4 ,! e>lie/ kn[n reptile is f\nd 9 ! ,c>bonif]\s /rata4 ,9 ! ,p]mian & ,triassic gr\ps ! numb]s gradually increase1 till 9 ! ,lias1 ,oolite1 & ,cretace\s sy/ems1 ?is class atta9s a v great developm5t bo? num]ically & 9 ! magnitude ( individual specim5s4 ,dur+ ! same p]iod ! fir/ traces ( birds are f\nd4 ,! fir/ actual fossil bird 0 f\nd 9 ! upp] ,oolite4 #d4 ,! age ( mammalia4 ,! fir/ rema9s--two tee? ( a small m>supial--7 discov]$ 9 ! ,rhaetic b$s ( ! ,upp] ,trias1 & a some:at simil> discov]y has be5 made 9 b$s ( correspond+ p]iods 9 ,devon%ire & ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,dur+ ! subsequ5t p]iods ! numb]s sl[ly increase1 till 9 ! ,t]ti>y /rata ! mammalian becomes ! pr$om9ant type4 #e4 ,! e>lie/ traces ( man--fl9t implem5ts--are f\nd 9 ! ,po/ ,t]ti>y /rata4 ,we h !n 9 ! ,mosaic n>rative five po9ts :i* correspond 9 ord] & "* to five po9ts 9 ! ,geological record2 & ) ref]5ce to two1 at lea/1 ( ^! po9ts1 we _c imag9e any cause = ! co9cid5ce 9 ! %ape ( a =tunate conjecture1 because1 s f> z we c tell1 !re 0 no?+ app>5t on ! face ( ! e>? to sugge/ to ! m9d ( ! writ] ! long pa/ exi/5ce ( su* a /ate ( ?+s z has be5 reveal$ to u by ! discov]y ( ! ,c>bonif]\s & ,reptilian rema9s4 ,x seems !n t ,moses mu/ h be5 9 possession ( in=mation :i* c\ld n be obta9$ f any ord9>y s\rce4 ,b if he 0 ?us acqua9t$ ) ! ord] 9 :i* ! developm5t took place1 !re is no?+ improbable 9 ! supposition t he 0 n altoge!r ignorant ( ! l5g? ( "t :i* t developm5t requir$4 ,let u suppose !n t 8 k did ext5d a little f>!r2 let u suppose him to h be5 aw>e t ea* ( ! ,creations :i* he describes 0 a process occupy+ _m ?\s&s ( ye>s--h[ c\ld he h imp>t$ ?is k to 8 read]s8 ,:at modification c\ld he h introduc$ into 8 n>rative1 :i* )\t *ang+ its g5]al "*1 or detract+ f its extreme simplicity1 %\ld h embodi$ ?is fact8 ,?is am\nts to ! "q3 ,:at words significant ( def9ite p]iods ( "t 7 9 use1 & consequ5tly at ! writ]'s comm&1 at ?is "t8 ,no language is v ri* 9 su* words2 b 9 ! e>ly ,hebrew !y seem to h be5 v scanty4 ,! day1 week1 mon?1 ye>1 & g5]ation 7?is la/ usually imply+ ! "t f ! bir? ( a man to t ( 8 son1 b possibly 9 ,g54 xv4 #af1 a c5tury7 are all t we f9d4 ,^! 9 _! lit]al s5se 7 evid5tly inadequate4 ,nor c\ld ! defici5cy be suppli$ by num]als1 ev5 if ! g5]al /yle ( ! n>rative w\ld h admitt$ _! use1 = we f9d 9 ,g5esis no num]al beyond ! ?\s&4 ,!re 0 no ^w at all 9 e>ly ,hebrew equival5t to our words p]iod & season4 ,:5 su* an idea 0 to be express$1 x 0 done by ! use ( ! ^w day1 ei!r 9 ! s+ul>1 or m commonly 9 ! plural4 ,?us1 ! "t ( h>ve/2 ! season ( ! fir/ ripe fruit1 are lit]ally ! days ( h>ve/1 ! days ( ! fir/ ripe fruit4 ,9 ,isaiah xxxiv4 #h1 ! s+ul> is us$1 & foll[$ by ! ^w ye> 9 ! same indef9ite s5se4 ,x is ! day ( ! ,"l's v5geance1 & ! ye> ( recomp5ses = ! controv]sy ( ,zion4 ,! only me?od !n :i* 0 op5 to ! writ] 0 to make use ( "o ( ! words above m5tion$ 9 an ext5d$ s5se1 j z he us$ ! ^w ,hebrew script 7e>?7 9 sev]al s5ses4 ,b if "o ( !m 0 to be employ$1 ! "o :i* he has *os5 seems ! be/2 n only because its use 9 t way 0 common1 b because ! brevity ( ! "t cov]$ by its natural significance w\ld 9 itself be a h9t ( ! way 9 :i* x 0 us$4 ,t :i* 0 impossible 9 a day might be possible 9 a ye> or a g5]ation4 ,! ext5d$ significance ( ! ^w w\ld become app>5t j 9 proportion z ! "t cov]$ by its natural significance 0 inadequate = ! processes ascrib$ to x4 ,an additional reason may1 p]haps1 be f\nd = ! *oice ( ! ^w day1 9 ! accordance ( its ph5om5a ) "s1 at lea/1 ( ! processes :i* ,moses describes--! dawn1 ! light sl[ly increas+ to ! p]fect day1 & !n fad+ away gradually into night--^! d seem aptly to repres5t ! fir/ scanty appe>ance1 ! gradual increase1 & ! va/ developm5t ( plants1 ( ! reptiles & ( ! mammalia1 & 9 ! case ( ! fir/ two classes1 _! gradual pass+ away4 ,b if ! ^w 0 ?us employ$ 9 a figurative1 & n 9 its natural s5se1 we may expect to f9d "s indications 9 ! context t ?is 0 ! case4 ,su* indications we d f9d4 ,! fact t ! "w ( ,creation 0 di/ribut$ into days1 is1 9 itself1 significant4 ,!re is no reason to believe t 9 ! op9ion ( ! writ] ea* day's "w task$ to ! utmo/ ! p[] ( ! ,creator4 ,moses 0 evid5tly z well aw>e z we are1 t to ,him x w\ld h be5 equally easy1 _h ,he s will$1 to call ev]y?+ into in/ant & p]fect be+ at a s+le ^w4 ,nor 0 ! detail$ description necess>y to e/abli% ! f\ndation ( all religion--! "r ( ! ,creator to ! entire ob$i5ce ( ,8 creature ,= ?is ! %ort recapitulation :i* 7*4 ii4 #d7 prefaces ! m detail$ acc\nt ( man's peculi> relation to 8 ,mak] w\ld h be5 suffici5t4 ,"s purpose1 h[ev]1 !re mu/ h be5 = ?is m p>ticul> acc\nt :i* prec$es ! summ>y4 ,we may trace two probable reasons4 ,x br+s be=e u ! me?od ( ! ,div9e ,work+ 9 ! light ( an ord]ly progress4 ,b beside ?is1 x is ( inf9ite s]vice to u1 9 enabl+ u m ?or\ghly to realize ! ,fa!rly "* & ev] wat*ful c>e ( our ,creator4 ,z f> z t c>e itself 0 conc]n$1 x 0 unimportant :e!r ! "w 0 in/antane\s or progressive2 b x 0 v important to u1 9 s f> z x affect$ our conceptions ( ,god1 & ( our relations to ,him4 ,= all our conceptions ( ,god mu/ re/ ultimately on our self-consci\sness2 we c =m no idea ( ,him except 9 s f> z t idea is analog\s to some?+ :i* comes )9 ! range ( our own exp]i5ce4 ,n[ to u & to our feel+s !re is a v wide diff]5ce betwe5 an act p]=m$ 9 a mom5t1 & a "w ov] :i* we h lov+ly dwelt1 & to :i* we h devot$ our "t1 our lab\r1 & our ?\ght1 = mon?s or ye>s4 ,! "o may pass f our m9d & be =gott5 z quickly z x 0 p]=m$1 b 9 ! o!r we commonly feel an abid+ int]e/4 ,:5 !re=e ! great ,creator is repres5t$ to u z ?us dwell+ ^u ,8 "w1 c>ry+ x on /ep by /ep1 ?r\gh ! long ages1 to its completion1 we f9d x f> less difficult to realize t o!r tru?1 s preci\s to u1 t ,8 c>e & ,8 t5d] m]cies are ov] all ,8 works1 t ! lov+ wat*fulness :i* /ill upholds all1 & provides = all1 is b ! cont9uance ( t c>e :i* 0 display$ 9 ! creation ( all4 ,creation1 ,provid5ce & ,grace are bl5d$ toge!r 9 "o cont9u\s manife/ation ( ! ,div9e ,wisdom1 ,p[]1 & ,love4 ,b = ?is purpose x is ( little importance to u :e!r ,creation is describ$ z tak+ place 9 a mom5t1 or 9 six ord9>y days4 ,if ! division into six days indicates ord]ly progress & wat*ful c>e1 we naturally expect to f9d ! same indications 9 ea* ( ! subord9ate p>ts4 ,to our imp]fect conceptions ea* s+le day's "w w\ld be> t same "* ( va/ in/antane\s action :i* seem$ s undesirable4 ,x w\ld n help u to realize :at x is s important t we %\ld ?or\ghly feel4 ,! v fact !n t ! hi/ory ( ,creation is divid$ into days c>ries ) x a /rong presumption t ^? days are n ord9>y days4 ,9 ! #ad? & foll[+ v]ses1 :5 ,moses is describ+ ! =mation ( ! heav5ly lum9>ies1 he is p>ticul> 9 m5tion+ t "o "p ( _! (fice 0 to rule ov] ! day & ov] ! night1 & to divide ! light f ! d>kness4 ,h5ce x is sometimes inf]r$ t he 0 "u a mi/ake 9 speak+ ( day & night at an e>li] p]iod4 ,b su* a mi/ake seems incr$ible4 ,to suppose t ,moses did n p]ceive t :at he wrote 9 ! #ad? & foll[+ v]ses 0 incompatible ) :at he _h writt5 9 ! #d? & #e? v]ses1 if su* an incompatibility really exi/$1 is to impute to him an am\nt ( ignorance or c>elessness :i* is at v>iance ) ! :ole "* ( 8 writ+s f beg9n+ to end4 ,in/ead ( ?is x w be %[n h]eaft] t1 9 all probability1 8 /atem5ts re/$ on a wide k ( facts4 ,if !n1 "u su* circum/ances1 he uses ! ^w day long be=e he comes to ! =mation ( ! sun1 ! natural inf]5ce is t he did s design$ly--t x 0 8 int5tion t 8 read]s %\ld und]/& t he 0 speak+ ( some?+ v diff]5t f t natural day :i* is regulat$ by sunrise & sunset4 ,! way too 9 :i* he introduces ! m5tion ( ! fir/ & foll[+ days is app>5tly significant1 ?\gh its full mean+ is probably m ?an we c at pres5t und]/&4 ,9 v]4 #e he c>efully def9es light & d>kness z ! equival5ts ( day & night2 b 9 ! next v]se he passes ov] ^! words1 & introduces two new ones1 :i* he has n def9$2 ^! two words be+ z mu* out ( place be=e ! creation ( ! atmosph]e z light & d>kness are suppos$ to h be5 be=e ! ,creation ( ! ,sun4 ,& n only does he introduce two new words1 b he introduces !m 9 a v rem>kable &1 ) our pres5t k1 unacc\ntable mann]4 ,_h he said ,& !re 0 morn+ & !re 0 ev5+1 "o day1 we %\ld h f\nd no difficulty 9 h>moniz+2 8 words ) :at he _h previ\sly said conc]n+ ! evolution ( light4 ,b he fir/ ( all rev]ses ! ord]1 & !n does n supply ! natural t]m9ation to 8 s5t5ce--,& !re 0 ev5+ & !re 0 morn+1--"o night w\ld seem to be ! natural conclusion2 b in/ead ( t we read1 !re 0 ev5+ & !re 0 morn+1 "o day4 ,:atev] f>!r significance !n may be h]eaft] discov]$ 9 ?is rem>kable /atem5t1 "o ?+ at all ev5ts seems cle>1 t x 0 design$ to call att5tion to ! fact t ! day spok5 ( 0 n a natural day4 ,probably c]ta9 /ages 9 ! progress ( ! "w 7 indicat$1 :i* f>!r inve/igations may disclose to u4 ,a few ye>s ago su* /ages seem$ to be disc]nible1 b ! cont9u$ progress ( discov]y has p>tly oblit]at$ ! suppos$ l9es ( dem>cation4 ,/ill fur!r discov]ies may br+ to light o!r divisions4 ,9 ! op5+ ( ! second *apt] we are told t ,god re/$ on ! sev5? day f all ,8 "w1 & ,8 re/ is spok5 ( 9 su* a way z to c>ry our ?\ghts at once to ! ,f\r? ,comm&m5t4 ,9 t comm&m5t ! duty ( hall[+ a sev5? portion ( our "t is bas$ on ! fact t 9 six days ! ,"l made heav5 & e>?1 ! sea & all t 9 !m is1 & re/$ ! sev5? day4 ,b ! analogy entirely fails unless ! days ( ! ,creator's "w bore ! same proportion to ! day ( ,8 re/ :i* man's six days ( lab\r be> to 8 ,sabba?4 ,n[ we are expressly told 9 o!r p>ts ( ,scripture t ! ,div9e ,sabba? is n yet end$ 7,heb4 iii4 iv471 & we are l$ to inf] t x w n end till ,he t sitte? ^u ! ?rone %all say1 ,behold ,i make all ?+s new4 ,if !n ! ,sabba? ( ! ,creator is measur$ by ?\s&s ( ye>s--! :ole duration ( man ^u ! e>?--x foll[s t ! days ( ,8 "w mu/ h be5 ( correspond+ l5g?4 ,"o m indication1 s /rong t 9 itself x seems suffici5t to decide ! "q1 is to be f\nd 9 ! #d? v]se ( ! second *apt]4 ,footnote3 ,x is n unusual ) critics ( ! ,g]man s*ool to ass]t t ?is is an indep5d5t acc\nt ( ! ,creation4 ,b ! ass]tion does n appe> to h any valid f\ndation4 ,! suppos$ gr\nds = x are well discuss$ 9 ! ,speak]'s ,comm5t>y1 vol4 i4 p4 #bc1 & 9 ,aids to ,fai?1 ,essay v41 ,sections #b1 #d1 #e4 ,x has already be5 po9t$ out t ! suppos$ v>iations 9 ord] re/ entirely on ! translation4 ,9 t v]se all t is ascrib$ to ! six days 9 ! prec$+ *apt] is summ$ up z ! "w ( a s+le day4 ,if !n ! ^w is us$ 9 a natural s5se 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 x is cle>ly us$ 9 an ext5d$ s5se 9 ! second *apt]4 ,b if x _h be5 us$ 9 a natural s5se 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 !re w\ld h be5 no ne$ :atev] = its use "h4 ,its place w\ld h be5 tak5--& mo/ appropriately--by ! ^w ,hebrew script1 a week1 ) :i* ,moses 0 famili> 7*4 xxix4 #bh2 ,deut4 xvi4 #aj74 ,its use "h w\ld h connect$ ! weekly division ( "t ) ! ,creation1 & z its pres5ce w\ld h be5 ?us /rongly significant1 its abs5ce is a no less significant indication t ! six days spok5 ( 9 ! prec$+ *apt] are some?+ v diff]5t f six natural days4 ,?ree po9ts1 !re=e1 seem to be cle>3-- #a4 ,h[ev] ! *apt] may be int]pret$1 !re are 9 x co9cid5ces ) asc]ta9$ facts s m>k$ t !y _c possibly be =tuit\s4 ,!y prove !re=e t ,moses 0 9 possession ( "s accurate in=mation on ! subject on :i* he 0 writ+4 ,z we proce$ ) our subject we %all come ^u _m m indications ( ?is1 "s ( !m exce$+ly rem>kable4 ,x is !re=e by no means improbable t he 0 acqua9t$ ) ! fact1 t ! "w :i* he 0 describ+ 0 "o :i* _h occupi$ a long s]ies ( ages4 #b4 ,suppos+ t ,moses 0 acqua9t$ ) all :i* has n[ be5 discov]$ by geologi/s1 & t he 0 desir\s ( imp>t+ t k to 8 read]s1 ! language :i* he has employ$ is ! mo/ appropriate t1 "u ! circum/ances1 he c\ld h *os5 = ! purpose4 #c4 ,! ph5om5a exhibit$ by ! context indicate n only t he _h ?is int5tion1 b t he also int5d$ t su* ( 8 read]s z 7 compet5t to ent]ta9 ! idea1 %\ld h suffici5t indications to guide !m to 8 mean+4 ,:atev] !n may be ! real significance ( ! days--a po9t :i* ! k at pres5t 9 our possession seems insuffici5t to expla9--x seems v cle> t some?+ v diff]5t f natural days is int5d$4 ,& ?is is a suffici5t answ] to ! objection :i* is f\nd$ on t int]pretation4 ,t !re w\ld be v _m po9ts :i* z yet we are unable fully to und]/&1 has be5 already %[n to be n only possible b probable2 & among !m x appe>s ?is "q ( ! true mean+ ( ! days mu/ be left = ! pres5t4 ,:5 we come to consid] subsequ5tly ! great numb] ( po9ts 9 :i* h>mony betwe5 ! n>rative & discov]$ facts is br\ght out on inve/igation1 ,footnote3 ,*ap4 v4 we may well be cont5t to leave _m po9ts unexpla9$ till our k is greatly increas$4 ,,section #b4 ,,fir/ ,,traces ,,( ,,life4 ,! second objection has ref]5ce to ! relative antiquity ( ! v>i\s =ms ( life1 ( :i* we f9d traces 9 ! successive /rata ( ! rocks4 ,if x be assum$ t ! app>5t co9cid5ces :i* h be5 po9t$ out betwe5 ! ,mosaic n>rative & ! geological records are real1 & t ! traditional int]pretation is ! true "o1 !n we ought to f9d-- #a4 ,no traces at all ( animal life bel[ ! ,trias4 #b4 ,no traces ( mammalia bel[ ! ,cretace\s =mation4 ,b ! exam9ation ( ! rocks leads to a v diff]5t result4 ,traces ( life h be5 f\nd1 probably 9 ! ,laur5tian1 c]ta9ly 9 ! ,cambrian rocks4 ,! e>lie/ kn[n fi% is ! ,pt]aspis1 :i* has be5 discov]$ 9 ! upp] ,silurian =mation at ,le9tw>d9e1 9 ,%rop%ire4 ,! fir/ memb] ( ! reptilian ord]1 ,ar*egesaurus1 occurs 9 ! coal measures2 & ! fir/ traces ( a mammalian--two tee?--occur at ! junction ( ! ,lias & ,trias4 ,9 e case1 !n1 we meet ) traces ( life at a p]iod long ant]ior to t at :i* we %\ld naturally expect !m4 ,9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! real weight ( ?is objection we h>e to inve/igate two po9ts3-- #a4 ,:at are ! animals to :i* ! ,mosaic ,record ref]s8 #b4 ,:at does x really tell u ab\t ! creation ( ^? animals8 #a4 ,x is commonly assum$ t all liv+ creatures are compreh5d$ "u ! t]ms us$ 9 describ+ ! "w ( ! fif? & six? days4 ,b a m c>eful exam9ation %[s t !re is no real gr\nd = ?is assumption4 ,! fir/ po9t :i* pres5ts itself is ! omission ( ! ,hebrew ^w = fi%1 ,hebrew script1 9 ! acc\nt ( ! fif? day--an omission ! m m>k$1 because ! ^w does occur 9 vv4 #bf1 #bh1 9 :i* dom9ion ov] all liv+ creatures is grant$ to man4 ,! two words :i* are us$ 9 v]4 #ba are ,hebrew script f ,hebrew script1 to /ret* out1 to ext5d1 & ,hebrew script1 f ,hebrew script1 id5tical ) ,hebrew script1 to trample ) ! feet4 ,! description !n po9ts u to animals ( great size1 especially l5g?1 :i* trample ) ! feet4 ,great sea- mon/]s1 ,ges5ius calls !m4 ,^! words cle>ly indicate ! ,saurian & alli$ tribes ( reptiles2 & :5 we turn to ! rocks we f9d ! rema9s ( ^! creatures occurr+ 9 great numb]s1 precisely at ! po9t :i* ,moses assigns to !m4 ,aga91 9 ! acc\nt ( ! six? day1 ?ree classes ( animals are m5tion$2 b we h no means :atev] ( asc]ta9+ :at k9ds ( animals 7 compreh5d$ 9 ^! ?ree classes1 or :e!r !y includ$ all ! mammalia !n kn[n to ! ,jews2 mu* less !n are we ju/ifi$ 9 inf]r+ t !y compreh5d all mammalia t 7 !n1 or ev] _h be5 9 exi/5ce4 ,b x may p]haps appe> /range1 t ! acc\nt ( ! ,creation ( liv+ be+s %\ld be ( su* limit$ ext5t1 embrac+ only reptiles1 birds1 & mammals4 ,a little consid]ation1 h[ev]1 w remove ?is app>5t /rang5ess4 ,we %\ld1 p]haps1 naturally expect to h "s notice ( ! fir/ appe>ance ( animal life2 b f ! circum/ances "u :i* ,moses wrote su* a notice 0 simply impossible4 ,! l[e/ & simple/ =m ( life ) :i* we are n[ acqua9t$ is ! ,amoeba ,pr9ceps1 a m9ute p>ticle ( jelly-l sub/ance1 call$ s>code--sc>cely l>g] ?an a small gra9 ( s&--& ) no di/9ction ( organs or limbs4 ,footnote3 ,c>p5t]1 ,! ,microscope & its ,revelations1 p4 #dbh4 ,! olde/ kn[n fossil1 ,eozoon ,canad5se1 is ( a class b little above ?is--! =am9if]a2 we may !re=e deem x probable t life began ) "s =m n v unlike ! ,amoeba4 ,h[ c\ld ! =mation ( su* a creature h be5 describ$ to ! contempor>ies ( ,moses8 ,!y c\ld h _h no idea ( its exi/5ce4 ,to describe ! fir/ beg9n+s ( life !n1 01 "u ! circum/ances1 an absolute impossibility4 ,b if a "p only ( ! long s]ies ( animal life c\ld possibly be notic$1 ! det]m9ation ( ! po9t at :i* he %\ld fir/ speak ( x w\ld be left to ! writ]1 guid$ z he w\ld be by consid]ations ( ! object = :i*1 & ! p]sons = :om1 he wrote1 :i* we mu/ necess>ily 9 our position be unable duly to e/imate4 ,all t we are entitl$ to expect is t ! acc\nt1 s f> z x ext5ds1 %\ld be 9 accordance ) facts4 ,! next po9t to be asc]ta9$ is1 ,does ! ,mosaic ,record intimate t ! creations ( reptiles on ! fif?1 & ( mammals on ! six? days 7 entirely new creations1 i4e4 t no creatures ( ^! classes _h exi/$ be=e8 ,!re is no direct ass]tion to ?is effect2 x is only an inf]5ce1 ?\gh a natural "o1 :5 we consid] ! circum/ances "u :i* x 0 drawn4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we turn to ! orig9al we f9d ! #bj? v]se word$ 9 a way :i* seems design$ to avoid ! sugge/ion ( su* an inf]5ce4 ,lit]ally translat$ x is1 ,let ! wat]s sw>m sw>ms1 ! s\l ( life4 ,su* creatures !n may h exi/$ be=e1 b n 9 sw>ms4 ,& 9 ! acc\nt ( ! six? day1 z has be5 already notic$1 ?ree =ms ( mammalia are specifi$1 & we h no k z to ! v>ieties includ$ 9 ^! ?ree =ms4 ,nor is !re "h any intimation t x 0 ! fir/ creation ( su* animals4 ,! great] "p ( ! e>li] fossils belong to ! ,m>supialia & ,m\otremata1 & we h no reason to believe t ^! classes h exi/$ 9 hi/oric times 9 ,europe1 ,asia1 or ,africa4 ,!y are n[ conf9$ 7) ! exception ( ! opossums1 :i* are ,am]ican7 to ,au/ralia4 ,!y 7 !re=e entirely unkn[n to ! ,jews1 & 9 consequ5ce necess>ily omitt$ 9 a docum5t int5d$ = _! use4 ,:at has be5 said ) ref]5ce to reptiles is also applicable to birds4 ,! fir/ traces ( !m are f\nd 9 ! orni?i*nites ( ! new r$ s&/one1 & ! fir/ fossil--,ar*aeopt]yx1 9 ! ,sol5h(5 /rata1 belong+ to ! ,oolite4 ,f ! nature ( ! case ! rema9s are necess>ily scanty1 s9ce birds w\ld be less expos$ ?an o!r animals to ^? casualties :i* w\ld lead to _! pres]vation z fossils1 b en\gh traces h be5 f\nd to %[ t 9 ! p]iod correspond+ to ! fif? day !y 7 v num]\s1 & atta9$ 9 _m in/ances to a gigantic /ature4 ,a height ( f t5 to twelve feet 0 n uncommon4 ,:51 !re=e1 we notice t ! fif? & six? days correspond to two p]iods1 9 ! fir/ ( :i* reptiles & birds1 & 9 ! second mammalia1 7 ! prom95t types1 ! words ( ! sacr$ hi/orian seem to h an adequate int]pretation 9 t fact4 ,!re is no contradiction betwe5 ! two records4 ,moses describes b a v few ( ! facts :i* geology has br\ght to light1 b ^? few facts are 9 exact accordance ) ! results ( indep5d5t obs]vation4 ,! acts ( ,creation ( :i* ,moses speaks correspond to rem>kable developm5ts ( ! ord]s ( animals to :i* he ref]s4 ,to h notic$ ! "t ( ! appe>ance ( ! fir/ individual memb] ( ea* class1 z di/+ui%$ f ! "t :5 t class occupi$ ! =emo/ place 9 ! ranks ( creation1 w\ld h be5 inconsi/5t ) ! simplicity & brevity ( ! n>rative1 :ile x w\ld h be5 un9telligible to ^? = :om ! n>rative 0 int5d$1 s9ce ^! primeval types _h pass$ out ( exi/5ce ages be=e ! creation ( man4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 notewor?y1 t ! fir/ appe>ances ( ! sev]al ord]s foll[ precisely ! same arrangem5t z ! times ( _! greate/ developm5t4 ,,section #c4 ,,simultane\s ,,creation4 ,?is objection may be v briefly dispos$ (1 ?\gh x appe>s to be "o :i* has made a v deep impression on ,mr4 ,d>w94 ,footnote3 ,orig9 ( ,species1 p #a1 c4 ,x is entirely an inf]5ce drawn f ! old int]pretation ( ! six days4 ,:ile t int]pretation 0 receiv$ x foll[$1 z a necess>y consequ5ce1 t ! creation ( all k9ds ( plants on ! ?ird day1 & ( reptiles1 birds1 & mammalia on ! fif? & six? days respectively1 mu/ h be5 simultane\s4 ,b if t int]pretation is prov$ to be unt5able1 ! inf]5ce drawn f x falls to ! gr\nd4 ,! language ( ! n>rative seems to po9t 9 an opposite direction4 ,!re is "o in/ance 9 ! *apt] 9 :i* ! words us$ seem to po9t to an in/antane\s result4 ,& ,god said ',let light be' & ,light 01 ?\gh 9 ?is case ! words probably h a fur!r significance1 :i* has be5 br\ght out by ! discov]y ( ! nature ( light4 ,b 9 ^! ?ree cases ! comm& is fir/ record$1 ) 79 two cases7 ! addition & x 0 s1 & !n ! n>rative goes on to speak ( ! fulfilm5t ( ! comm&1 z if ! comm& & its fulfilm5t 7 di/9ct ?+s4 ,,section #d4 ,,dea?4 ,,c>nivor\s ,,animals4 ,^! two objections may advantage\sly be consid]$ toge!r1 s9ce ! fif? is 9 a great measure1 ?\gh n entirely1 dep5d5t ^u ! f\r?4 ,= if dea?1 9 ! common s5se ( ! ^w1 0 unkn[n till ! fall ( ,adam1 x foll[s z a necess>y consequ5ce t no c>nivor\s creatures c\ld h exi/$ be=e t "t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x may be consid]$ z ! natural dea? ( l>ge classes ( animals to be dev\r$ by ! c>nivora2 s t if !re 7 no c>nivor\s animals prior to ! ,fall1 "o ( ! av5ues to dea?1 at all ev5ts1 _h n be5 op5$4 ,!re is really no gr\nd at all = ! fir/ ( ^! objections 9 ! actual hi/ory ( ,creation4 ,x is only :5 ! ?reat held out to ,adam 7ii4 #ag7 is view$ 9 ! light ( ,/4 ,paul's comm5t ^u x 7,rom4 v4 #ab2 viii4 #bj7 t ! supposition c be ent]ta9$4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! real f\ndation ( ! difficulty4 ,b1 fir/ ( all1 !re is no reason to suppose t ,/4 ,paul's words ref] to any dea? b t ( man4 ,n[1 x may well h be51 t al?\gh man1 hav+ a body exactly analog\s to ^? ( ! animals1 w\ld naturally h be5 subject1 l !m1 to ! ord9>y laws ( decay & dea?1 yet 9 ! case ( a creature :o possess$ s mu* :i* rais$ him above ! level ( ! l[] animals1 !re may h be5 "s provision made :i* %\ld exempt him f ?is necessity4 ,t ?is 0 ! case appe>s probable f ! m5tion made 9 ! n>rative ( ! ,tree ( ,life4 ,we h no intimation :e!r ! action ( ! fruit ( ?is tree 0 physical or sacram5tal1 b t1 9 "o way or o!r1 x _h ! p[] to pres]ve man f physical dea? seems almo/ c]ta9 f ! way 9 :i* x is spok5 ( aft] ! ,fall 7iii4 #bb-bd74 ,b ! m5tion ( ! ,tree ( ,life leads to ! inf]5ce t ! case ( ,adam 0 entirely exceptional4 ,9 ! next place1 x does n seem probable t t dissolution ( ! body :i* 0 ! natural lot ( all o!r animals 0 ! :ole1 or ev5 ! *ief "p1 ( ! evil consequ5ce ( ,adam's fall4 ,t x 0 includ$ 9 ! p5alty seems probable1 b x only con/itut$ a comp>atively unimportant "p ( t p5alty4 ,! ?reat 01 ,9 ,,! ,,day t ?\ eate/ !re( ?\ %alt surely die1 & we _c d\bt t ! ,div9e words 7 exactly fulfill$1 ?\gh ,adam's natural dea? did n take place = _m hundr$ ye>s4 ,b ! guilty creatures1 cov]+ _! nak$ness ) fig-leaves1 cr\*+ among ! trees ( ! g>d5 9 ! va9 hope ( hid+ !mselves f ! face ( _! ,mak]1 :o 7 to transmit an inh]itance ( s9 & %ame & mis]y to _! yet unborn po/]ity1 7 surely v diff]5t be+s f ^? :om ! ,creator b a %ort "t be=e _h pron\nc$ v good4 ,! true life ( ! s\l 0 gone2 ! image ( ,god defac$4 ,?is 0 ! real1 ! t]rible dea?4 ,if dea? 9 its full s5se means no?+ m ?an ! dissolution ( ! body1 our ,"l's words1 ,he t live? & believe? 9 ,me %all nev] die1 h fail$ ( _! fulfilm5t4 ,t promise has be5 9 =ce = m ?an eighte5 c5turies1 & yet no case has occurr$ ( a ,*ri/ian1 h[ev] holy he may h be51 or h[ev] /rong 8 fai?1 :o has escap$ ! univ]sal doom4 ,! ,*ur* ( ! ,patri>*s c\ld po9t to an ,eno*1 ! ,jewi% ,*ur* to an ,elijah1 :o 7 exempt$ f ! univ]sal p5alty2 b ,*ri/ianity c po9t to no su* exemption1 nor does %e ne$ x4 ,to h] memb]s1 to die is to sleep 9 ,jesus2 to be abs5t f ! body is to be pres5t ) ! ,"l1 = ! p5alty ( dea? is cancell$4 ,?\gh1 !n1 x seems by no means improbable t ,adam1 if he _h n fall51 w\ld h be5 exempt f ! dissolution ( ! body1 yet ?is is n absolutely c]ta91 & ev5 if x 7 c]ta91 8 case w\ld be an exceptional "o3 no inf]5ce z to ! immortality ( ! animal creation c\ld h be5 drawn f x4 ,! supposition t all animals prior to ! fall liv$ entirely on vegetable food re/s p>tly on ?is gr\ndless inf]5ce1 & p>tly on ! ,div9e ,words record$ 9 v]se #cj3 ,& to e bea/ ( ! field1 & to e f[l ( ! air1 h ,i giv5 e gre5 h]b = meat4 ,b x is important to notice t ^! words are n record$ z address$ to ! animals1 l ! comm& to be fruitful & multiply4 ,_h ?is be5 ! case1 any omission to m5tion ! fle% ( o!r animals1 might h be5 look$ ^u z significant4 ,in/ead ( ?is !y are address$ to ,adam1 & !y foll[ o!r words 9 :i* ! same ?+s are assign$ to ,adam = 8 food4 ,!y come !n 9 ! =m ( a limitation to ! rights grant$ to ,adam1 r ?an ( a def9ition ( ! rights ( ! l[] animals4 ,adam 0 to h ! free use ( e gre5 h]b1 b he 0 n to acc\nt himself ! exclusive own] ( x4 ,! bea/ ( ! field & ! f[l ( ! air 7 to be co-proprietors ) him2 !y 7 to h ! use ( x z freely z himself2 b t !y 7 to be re/rict$ to ! use ( vegetable food n[h]e appe>s4 ,accord+ly we "k t c>nivor\s creatures h exi/$ f ! fir/1 & t ?\gh to a sup]ficial obs]v] ?is may appe> a cruel arrangem5t1 yet 9 reality x is a mo/ m]ciful provision1 by :i* ag$1 weak1 or maim$ animals are pres]v$ f ! agonies ( dea? by />vation4 ,we may conclude !n t !re is no real contradiction betwe5 ! conclusions at :i* ,geologi/s h arriv$1 & ! words actually made use ( by ,moses1 b t all su* suppos$ contradictions h aris5 f mean+s be+ atta*$ to ^? words1 :i*1 ?\gh possible or ev5 probable1 7 n ! only possible mean+s4 ,:5 ! difficulty has be5 sugge/$1 & ! words h 9 consequ5ce be5 m closely exam9$1 x appe>s t !y are capable ( an int]pretation 9 /rict h>mony ) e fact :i* ,geologi/s h z yet discov]$1 & t 9 _m cases !re are n want+ indications t ! writ] int5d$ !m to be ?us und]/ood4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,difficulties ,,9 ,,a/ronomy4 ,^! objections1 s f> z !y are bas$ or suppos$ to be bas$ on asc]ta9$ facts1 are v few & insignificant4 ,! *ief ( !m are z foll[s3-- #a4 ,moses describes light1 & ! division ( night & day z exi/+ be=e ! ,creation ( ! ,sun4 #b4 ,moses describes ! firmam5t z a solid vault4 #c4 ,moses speaks ( ! />s z creat$ on ! f\r? day1 only two days be=e ,adam1 :]eas a/ronom]s h ass]t$ t _m ( !m are s di/ant t ! light by :i* we see !m mu/ h be5 on its way ages be=e ,adam 0 creat$4 ,t "p ( ! fir/ objection :i* ref]s to ! exi/5ce ( light prior to ! creation ( ! ,sun1 appe>s s extremely *ildi% t x might h be5 ?\ght unnecess>y to notice x1 _h x n be5 solemnly prop\nd$ 9 su* a "w z ,essays & ,reviews4 ,footnote3 ,page #bai ,anyone :o is 9 possession ( a telescope ( b mod]ate p[] may satisfy himself ( its futility on any />light night4 ,he has only to turn 8 telescope to "o or two ( ! m conspicu\s nebulae2 ! ,great ,nebula 9 ,orion1 = in/ance1 or ! ,r+ ,nebula 9 ,lyra1 & 8 eye w receive light :i* has n come f any ,sun1 = x is a well- asc]ta9$ fact t ^! nebulae are no?+ b va/ masses ( inc&esc5t gas4 ,& ?is objection is s+ul>ly inappropriate 9 ! m\? ( ! oppon5ts ( ! ,mosaic ,record1 inasmu* z ! ,nebul> hypo!sis is ) !m ! fav\rite me?od ( acc\nt+ = ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s4 ,! view :i* !y br+ =w>d z an alt]native to ! ,mosaic acc\nt assumes ! v /ate ( ?+s :i*1 :51 alleg$ by ,moses1 !y d5\nce z impossible4 ,! o!r "p ( ?is objection1 :i* ref]s to ! division ( day & night1 w be m advantage\sly discuss$ :5 we come to consid] ! actual acc\nts ( ! fir/ & f\r? days' "w4 ,x w !n appe> probable t ! /atem5ts :i* ,moses has made on ?is subject1 in/ead ( be+ indications ( ignorance1 are ! result ( a pr(\nd k ( ! subject on :i* he 0 writ+4 ,next1 x is alleg$ t ,moses describes ! firmam5t z a solid vault4,footnote3 ,essays & ,reviews1 p4 #bbj4 ,! "w ( ! second day ( creation is to erect ! vault ( heav51 :i* is repres5t$ z support+ an ocean ( wat] above x4 ,t ! ,greek & ,lat9 translations 9 ?is place d seem to imply ! idea ( solidity seems indisputable2 & f ! ,lat9 ! ^w firmam5t has pass$ into our own language4 ,b !re is no reason to ?9k t ! ,hebrew ^w has any su* mean+4 ,x is d]iv$ f a root signify+ to beat out--to ext5d4 ,footnote3 ,may n ?is root1 ,hebrew script1 h "s connexion ) ,hebrew script1 to be light1 f :i* is d]iv$ ! ,aramaic ,raca ( ,matt4 v4 #bb8 ,! v]b is (t5 appli$ to ! beat+ out ( metals1 b n always4 ,x is a new doctr9e 9 etymology1 t ! mean+ ( a v]bal n\n is to be d$uc$ f ! n\ns :i* (t5 supply objects to its root1 in/ead ( f ! mean+ ( ! root itself4 ,b ev5 if x c be %[n t ! ^w did orig9ally involve su* a mean+1 t w\ld be no?+ to ! purpose4 ,x w\ld only be 9 ! same case ) a va/ numb] ( o!r words1 :i*1 ?\gh etymologically untrue1 are habitually us$ )\t inconv5i5ce1 because !y d convey to ! m9ds ( o!rs ! idea :i* we int5d to convey1 _! etymology be+ lo/ sight (4 ,probably1 ! v p]sons :o br+ =w>d ! objection d sometimes use ! ^w firmam5t1 ?\gh !y "k ! error :i* is involv$ 9 x4 ,nor w\ld !y be any m accurate if !y sub/itut$ = x ! ,saxon ^w heav51 s9ce t also involves a sci5tific inaccuracy4 ,! ^w us$ by ,moses 0 ! commonly recogniz$ "n = ! object ( :i* he 0 writ+2 & no objection to 8 use ( x c be ma9ta9$1 unless x c be %[n t 9 us+ x he reject$ "s o!r ^w equally intelligible to all1 & :i* 0 at ! same "t etymologically correct4 ,b !re is no gr\nd = ! assumption t any su* ^w exi/$ 9 ! "t ( ,moses or at any subsequ5t p]iod4 ,! ?ird objection1 ( c\rse1 ceases to h any =ce if ! days ( creation are no long] reg>d$ z natural days4 ,b ! objection is 9 itself1 ap>t f ?is condition1 ( no consequ5ce :atev]4 ,=1 9 ! fir/ place1 x is by no means c]ta91 or ev5 probable1 t ! />s ref]r$ to 9 ! f\r? day's "w are ! fix$ />s4 ,! ,hebrew has no ^w = planets z di/+ui%$ f ! fix$ />s1 al?\gh1 z we "k = c]ta91 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! planets & ! fix$ />s 0 recogniz$ f a v e>ly p]iod4 ,9 e case1 !n1 ! context mu/ det]m9e ! s5se to be giv5 to ! ^w4 ,9 ?is case1 ! fact t ^! />s are m5tion$ 9 connexion ) ! sun & moon1 comb9$ ) our k t ! planets1 l ! moon1 are dep5d5t ^u ! sun = _! light1 w\ld lead u to inf] t !y are meant4 ,b ev5 if ! fix$ />s 7 meant1 ! objection w\ld be no long] t5able4 ,x re/s on c]ta9 e/imates z to ! suppos$ di/ances ( ! fix$ />s & /> clu/]s1 :i* 7 =m$ by ! late ,sir ,w4 ,h]s*el f :at he designat$ ! space- p5etrat+ p[] ( 8 telescopes4 ,/>t+ ) ! assumption t ! />s 7 ( tol]ably uni=m size & brilliancy1 & t ! diff]5ce 9 app>5t brightness 0 ! result1 & !re=e a measure ( _! di/ances1 he proce$$ to apply ! same process to ! /> clu/]s1 :i*1 ev5 9 a fair telescope1 pres5t only ! appe>ance ( fa9t nebul\s spots ( light1 b are resolv$ into clu/]s ( />s by m p[]ful in/rum5ts4 ,9 _m cases1 he f\nd t a c]ta9 proportion exi/$ betwe5 ! telescopic p[] by :i* a clu/] 0 fir/ r5d]$ visible1 & t requir$ = its resolution1 & by ?is means he =m$ :at he consid]$ a probable e/imate ( its di/ance4 ,o!r clu/]s !re 7 :i* only became visible 9 8 mo/ p[]ful telescopes1 & :i*1 !re=e1 he c\ld nev] succe$ 9 resolv+4 ,^! he plac$ at a /ill great] di/ance1 & f ?is e/imate he d$uc$ ! conclusion t _! light mu/ h be5 9 "s cases z mu* z #fj1jjj ye>s 9 rea*+ ! e>?4 ,b ! :ole f\ndation on :i* ?is long *a9 ( inf]5ce re/$ has n[ be5 %[n to be evanesc5t4 ,9 ! fir/ place _m ( 8 irresolvable nebulae h be5 prov$ by ! spectroscope to be true nebulae--masses ( lum9\s gas1 & n /> clu/]s at all2 &1 9 ! next place1 ! actual di/ances ( a few ( ! fix$ />s h be5 approximately asc]ta9$1 & x is prov$ beyond all d\bt t ! diff]5t degree ( brightness exhibit$ by diff]5t />s is no te/ at all ( _! di/ance4 ,( all ! />s 9 our hemisph]e ^: di/ance has ?us be5 measur$1 ! ne>e/ to u is "o :i* c only j be disc]n$ by a practis$ eye on a fav\rable night1 #fa ,cygni1 :il/ ! mo/ brilliant /> visible 9 ,engl&1 ,sirius1 is at a consid]ably great] di/ance4 ,! mo/ compet5t judges e/imate ! magnitude ( ,sirius z ab\t "o ?\s& times t ( ! sun ,footnote3 ,mr4 ,proctor 9 ,good ,words1 ,febru>y1 #ahgb44 ,9 addition to ?is1 _m />s ( v diff]5t magnitudes are f\nd to be relat$ to ea* o!r 9 su* a way z to %[ t !y are 9 actual1 & n m]ely 9 optical proximity4 ,! clu/]s :i* 7 =m]ly suppos$ to consi/ ( l>ge />s at enorm\s di/ances f u1 are n[1 ^u v solid gr\nds1 believ$ to be =m$ ( mu* small] />s1 at mu* m mod]ate di/ances1 s t x is v improbable t !re is any object visible 9 ! heav5s ^: light has tak5 s mu* z #fjjj ye>s1 in/ead ( #fj1jjj ye>s to rea* u4 ,,! ,,nebul> ,,!ory4 ,we come n[ to ! consid]ation ( ! ,nebul> ,!ory ( ,laplace1 9 s f> z x is oppos$ to ! ,mosaic acc\nt4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t1 aft] all1 ?is is only a !ory4 ,ev5 if x c\ld be satisfactorily e/abli%$1 x w\ld only po9t out a way 9 :i* ?is _w ,,might h be5 =m$4 ,t x c\ld n h be5 =m$ 9 any o!r way is an indep5d5t proposition1 9 support ( :i* no s+le argum5t has ev] yet be5 br\ght =w>d4 ,!re may be a great] or less probability t ! e>? 0 =m$ 9 ?is p>ticul> way1 t probability dep5d+ on ! ext5t to :i* ! !ory acc\nts = obs]v$ facts4 ,?is x does 9 _m cases1 & x has 9 consequ5ce be5 accept$ ,,z ,a ,,:ole by _m sci5tific m51 z a sub/itute = ! ,scriptural acc\nt4 ,z w be se5 h]eaft]1 !re are /rong reasons = admitt+ x z a supplem5t to ! brief acc\nt giv5 by ,moses2 b our bus9ess n[ is to asc]ta91 :e!r x has any j claim to be receiv$ in/ead ( t acc\nt4 ,! !ory seems to h be5 sugge/$ by c]ta9 speculations ( ,sir ,w4 ,h]s*el4 ,9 8 telescopic exam9ation ( ! ,nebulae & /> clu/]s1 he f\nd t 9 a great numb] ( cases1 :5 a nebula 0 r5d]$ visible by a c]ta9 am\nt ( telescopic p[]1 x w\ld be resolv$ into sep>ate />s by a telescope ( a little high] p[]4 ,b !re 7 "s nebulae1 visible 9 v small telescopes1 or ev5 disc]nible ) ! nak$ eye1 su* z ^? 9 ,orion & ,&rom$a1 :i* c\ld n be resolv$ ev5 by 8 great f\r-foot reflector1 ! l>ge/ telescope t _h !n be5 con/ruct$4 ,& ^! nebulae exhibit$ a great v>iety ( =ms4 ,"s ( !m 7 va/ %apeless masses ( fa9t light2 o!rs1 :i* he designat$ planet>y nebulae1 exhibit$ a regul> =m--a circul> disc m or less cle>ly def9$1 (t5 brighte/ 9 ! c5tre4 ,o!rs seem$ to be int]m$iate betwe5 ^! two classes4 ,h5ce he 0 l$ to ! idea t ^! 7 worlds 9 ! process ( =mation1 & t _! v>y+ =ms indicat$ v>y+ /ages ( t process4 ,?is sugge/ion 0 eag]ly adopt$ by ! memb]s ( ! ,fr5* ,academy1 :o 7 at t "t on ! look-out = any?+ :i* !y ?\ght w\ld help !m to acc\nt = ! exi/5ce ( ! _w1 :ile !y refus$ to ackn[l$ge a ,creator4 ,x 0 tak5 up by "o ( _! numb]--,laplace--a man :o /ood 9 ! v =emo/ rank z a ma!matician & physical a/ronom]1 & m\ld$ into %ape by him4,footnote3 ,!re is a v full acc\nt ( ,laplace's hypo!sis1 extract$ f ! works ( ,pontec\lant1 9 ,pr(essor ,ni*ol's ,sy/em ( ! ,_w1 pp4 #fi--hf4 ,he assum$1 t ! ,sol> ,sy/em exi/$ at ! v e>lie/ p]iod z a %apeless nebula1 a va/ undef9$ mass ( fire- mi/2 t at "s "t or o!r ! sep>ate p>ticles ( ?is fire-mi/ began to move t[>ds _! c5tre ( gravity1 "u ! influ5ce ( _! mutual attractions1 & ?us assum$ a sph]ical %ape2 t by "s means or o!r a motion ( rotation 0 orig9at$ 9 ?is sph]ical mass1 :i* increas$ 9 rapidity z ! process ( cond5sation advanc$4 ,! effect ( ?is rotation w\ld be a flatt5+ ( ! sph]e2 ! equatorial diamet] w\ld increase :ile ! pol> diamet]1 or axis ( rotation1 dim9i%$2 & :5 ! c5trifugal =ce ?us produc$ _h rea*$ a c]ta9 po9t1 a r+ w\ld deta* itself f ! equator1 b w\ld cont9ue to revolve ab\t ! common c5tre4 ,he suppos$ t a succession ( r+s 7 ?us ?r[n (f1 :i* f9ally broke up & accumulat$ into "o or m sph]ical masses1 =m+ ! planets & _! satellites1 :ile ! rema9d] ( ! orig9al sph]e 0 cond5s$ into ! sun4 ,! planets & _! satellites w\ld cont9ue to revolve ab\t ! c5tre z ! r+ f :i* !y 7 =m$ _h done1 :ile ! diff]5t orig9al velocities ( ! p>ticles ( :i* !y 7 =m$1 "s hav+ be5 9 ! out]1 "s 9 ! inn] "p ( ! r+1 w\ld cause !m also to rotate on _! axis4 ,z ! cond5sation advanc$1 ! heat :i* _h orig9ally exi/$ 9 ! fire-mi/ w\ld be cond5s$ also1 s t all ! masses :5 =m$ w\ld be 9 an inc&esc5t /ate1 b ! planets & _! satellites be+ comp>atively small w\ld soon cool d[n1 :ile ! sun1 ow+ to its greatly sup]ior bulk1 /ill reta9s its heat4 ,!re is no d\bt mu* to be said 9 fav\r ( ?is !ory1 :i* may be m advantage\sly consid]$ h]eaft]1 :5 we %all h to consid] x z supplem5t>y to ! ,mosaic acc\nt4 ,at pres5t we are only conc]n$ ) x z x claims to /& alone1 & to be accept$ z a sub/itute = t acc\nt4 ,view$ 9 ?is light1 z a sub/itute = a ,creator1 z %[+ u h[ ! univ]se might h come into exi/5ce spontane\sly1 x utt]ly breaks d[n 9 ?ree po9ts4 #a4 ,x gives u no acc\nt :atev] ( ! orig9 ( matt]1 b assumes t x 0 already 9 exi/5ce at ! "t f :i* ! !ory takes its po9t ( dep>ture4 ,b "s acc\nt ( x mu/ be giv54 ,ei!r x 0 creat$ by "s high] p[]1 or x 0 et]nal2 = ! idea ( its be+ self-orig9at$ is manife/ly unt5able4 ,if x 0 creat$1 !re is an end ( ! !ory--! act ( creation assumes ! exi/5ce ( a ,creator2 & ! only "q left is1 :e!r t ,creator did m or less4 ,b ! v object ( ! !ory 0 to disp5se ) ! exi/5ce ( a ,creator4 ,?is alt]native1 !n1 x mu/ reject1 & !re is no?+ left b to fall back ^u ! o!r1 & to assume t x exi/$ f all et]nity4 ,b x is c]ta9ly n less difficult to u to conceive ! possibility ( in]t matt] be+ self-exi/5t & et]nal1 ?an x is to recognize ! exi/5ce ( an et]nal & all-p[]ful ,_s4 ,our own consci\sness helps u to realize ! possibility ( ! exi/5ce ( an ,et]nal ,m9d1 & ( ! ex]cise ( p[] by t m9d2 b we h no?+ to help u to a conception ( self-exi/5t matt]4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ! idea ( et]nity precludes f its v nature ! idea ( possible *ange4 ,if !re is *ange !re mu/ be ! di/9ction ( be=e & aft]1 & s ( ! succession ( exi/5ce1 :i* involves ! idea ( "t4 ,t :i* is subject to *ange1 & ?is !ory assumes a *ange 9 ! condition ( matt]1 _c be et]nal4 #b4 ,! next fail+ po9t is1 t ?is !ory assumes a *ange1 ( ! orig9 ( :i* x c give no acc\nt4 ,! assumption is1 t matt] :i* _h exi/$ f all et]nity1 or = an indef9ite "t1 9 a /ate ( p]fect re/1 sudd5ly began to move t[>ds its c5tre ( gravity4 ,a body1 or a sy/em ( p>ticles1 c rema9 at re/ only "u "o ( two conditions4 ,ei!r x mu/ be act$ on by no =ce at all1 or all ! =ces by :i* x is act$ on mu/ be 9 p]fect equilibrium4 ,if matt] exi/$ "u ! fir/ ( ^! conditions1 :5ce did ! =ce sudd5ly emanate8 ,=ce _c be self-orig9at$ any m ?an matt]4 ,b if ! o!r alt]native be adopt$1 h[ 0 ! equilibrium di/urb$8 ,x is a fundam5tal axiom ( me*anics t a body 7or sy/em ( bodies7 at re/ w cont9ue at re/ till x be act$ ^u by "s ext]nal =ce4 ,b ! !ory supplies no su* ext]nal =ce1 = x c\ld only orig9ate 9 t :i* ! !ory ignores--! w & p[] ( "s intellig5t ,be+4 #c4 ,! ?ird defect is1 t ! !ory does n give any satisfactory acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ! motions ( rotation & revolution4 ,laplace does n attempt ?is4 ,he simply assumes t a motion ( rotation 0 set up someh[2 b _m ( 8 foll[]s1 p]ceiv+ t ! !ory broke d[n "h--?\gh !y pass$ ! o!r two defects unnotic$--h attempt$ to supply ! defici5cy 9 ?is po9t4 ,"s h attempt$ to acc\nt = ?is motion by analogy4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t x 0 ( ! same nature1 & produc$ by ! same causes1 z ! vortex :i* is =m$ :5 a vessel full ( fluid is empti$ ?r\gh an orifice 9 its bottom4 ,pontec\lant1 9 8 acc\nt ( ! !ory1 ent]s m into detail4 ,he assumes t 9 ! process ( agglom]ation l>ge bodies ( matt] imp+$ obliquely on ! already =m$ mass1 & s imp>t$ to x a motion ( rotation4 ,a consid]ation ( ! me*anical conditions ( ! problem w %[ ! uns\ndness ( ,pontec\lant's views4 ,x is ( c\rse assum$ t ! =ces by :i* ?is rotation is said to h be5 produc$ are id5tical 9 _! "* ) ^? ) :i* we are famili>1 = ! introduction ( any =ce peculi> to t "t w\ld be equival5t to an admission ( a direct+ p[]4 ,! foll[+ propositions !n seem unque/ionable3-- #a4 ,! nebula mu/ be consid]$ z a sy/em ( p>ticles act$ on by _! mutual attractions1 & by no o!r =ce4 #b4 ,:5 two p>ticles ( matt]1 a & b1 attract ea* o!r1 x is a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( me*anics1 7commonly kn[n z ! ,?ird ,law ( ,motion7 t :atev] am\nt ( mom5tum is produc$ 9 a1 an equal & opposite mom5tum mu/ be produc$ 9 b4 ,h5ce if ! mutual action rema9 undi/urb$1 ! two p>ticles w approa* ea* o!r & f9ally meet4 ,on _! union1 ! two mom5ta be+ equal & opposite w neutralize ea* o!r1 & !re w be no t5d5cy to produce motion ( any k9d4 #c4 ,! same law w hold good ) ref]5ce to any numb] ( p>ticles1 & !re=e ) ref]5ce to ! suppos$ nebula4 ,e s+le p>ticle w produce a c]ta9 mom5tum 9 ea* ( ! o!r p>ticles1 & at ! same "t w h impress$ ^u x by ea* ( ! o!r p>ticles an equal & opposite mom5tum4 ,h5ce :5 all ! p>ticles are collect$ into a s+le mass1 ea* individual mom5tum w be balanc$ by an equal & opposite "o1 & !re c be no resultant motion4 ,! analogy f fluids fl[+ ?r\gh an orifice fails1 because-- #a4 ,! p>ticles ( ! fluid are act$ on by =ces o!r ?an _! mutual attractions1 & 9 _m cases affect+ !m unequally1 e4 g41 friction aga9/ ! sides ( ! conta9+ vessel & ! orifice4 #b4 ,because ! orifice is n a po9t1 b a f9ite area1 & consequ5tly ! p>ticles ( ! fluid are act$ on by =ces :i* d n pass ?r\gh ! same po9t4 ,consid]$ !n z a sub/itute = ! action ( an intellig5t ,creator1 ,laplace's !ory utt]ly breaks d[n 9 ?ree po9ts1 :i*1 z !y w h to be ref]r$ to h]eaft]1 x is well to recapitulate4 #a4 ,x does n acc\nt = ! orig9 ( matt]4 #b4 ,x does n acc\nt = ! em]g5ce ( ! =ce ( attraction4 #c4 ,x does n give a satisfactory acc\nt = ! motion ( rotation4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,difficulties ,,9 ,,physiology4 ,! ?ird sci5ce :i* is suppos$ to come into collision ) ! ,mosaic ,record is ,physiology4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 we meet ) no objections :i* re/ ^u asc]ta9$ facts1 z 9 ! case ( geology4 ,we h only to d ) !ories4 ,all t c be br\ght =w>d is m]ely matt] ( op9ion or !ory--su* !ory re/+ inde$ on a f\ndation ( asc]ta9$ facts--b be+ 9 itself a m]e inf]5ce m or less probable f ^? facts4 ,ev5 if x 7 prov$ to be a true acc\nt ( ! causation ( ^? facts1 x w\ld be by no means c]ta9 t o!r facts1 h[ev] simil>1 might n h _h a totally diff]5t orig94 ,at "o "t x 0 v confid5tly ass]t$1 by _m em95t physiologi/s1 t ! diff]5ces betwe5 v>i\s bran*es ( ! human race 7 s great1 t x 0 impossible t all %\ld h desc5d$ f ! same orig9al /ock4 ,probably ?is op9ion is /ill ma9ta9$ 9 "s qu>t]s1 b ( late ye>s views ( a diametrically opposite "* h be5 br\ght =w>d1 & v ably advocat$4 ,9 proportion z ^! views are admitt$ to h 9 !m an elem5t ( tru?1 ! importance ( ! old] objection is dim9i%$4 ,x w !re=e be unnecess>y to dwell ^u x4 ,?is new view is1 t n only all bran*es ( ! human race1 b all liv+ be+s n[ exi/+1 or t h ev] exi/$ on ! face ( ! e>?1 are desc5d$ by ! process ( evolution1 c>ri$ on "u :at are designat$ z natural laws f "s "o v>iety1 or small numb] ( v>ieties ( liv+ creatures ( ! l[e/ type4 ,?is !ory1 l t ( ,laplace1 _h its orig9 among ! ,fr5* ,academicians1 at ! close ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,its au?or 0 ,la ,m>ck4 ,accord+ to 8 view ! simple/ =m ( animal life1 ! monad1 0 spontane\sly develop$ by "s unkn[n process4 ,f ?is monad high] =ms ( animal life 7 produc$1 & ! c\rse ( developm5t 0 cont9u$ till x f9ally culm9at$ 9 man4 ,b x does n appe> t ,la ,m>ck sugge/$ any means by :i* ! v>i\s /ages ( developm5t 7 br\ght ab\t1 & ! view attract$ little att5tion4 ,"s ?irty ye>s ago x 0 reviv$ by an anonym\s writ]1 9 a "w call$ ,ve/iges ( ,creation4 ,9 ?is "w ! idea ( spontane\s g5]ation 0 repudiat$4 ,! orig9al monad 0 suppos$ to h d]iv$ its exi/5ce f an act ( ,creative ,p[]1 & to h be5 !n left to "w out its own developm5t1 by virtue ( p[]s orig9ally implant$ 9 x4 ,all its v>iations & advances 7 suppos$ to be ! result ( ! w & ef=ts ( ! creature act+ ?r\gh _m g5]ations4 ,?us ! desire & attempt to walk end$ 9 ! developm5t ( legs1 :ile w+s 7 ! f9al result ( its ef=ts to fly4 ,x 0 felt1 h[ev]1 t ?is 0 by no means a satisfactory acc\nt ( ! /ate ( ?+s1 & s ! "w1 ?\gh x produc$ a great s5sation at ! "t1 has n[ be5 almo/ entirely =gott54 ,latt]ly1 h[ev]1 ! !ory has f\nd a f> m able advocate 9 ! p]son ( ,mr4 ,d>w91 ) ^: "n x has be5 popul>ly id5tifi$4 ,by 8 indefatigable lab\rs a va/ v>iety ( facts h be5 collect$ & skilfully arrang$1 to %[ t all ! v>ieties ( life may be satisfactorily acc\nt$ = by ! cont9u$ action1 ?r\gh a long c\rse ( ages1 ( c]ta9 natural causes1 ) ! results ( :i* we are famili>1 & ( :i* int5tional use is cont9ually made by man4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 does n d5y ! exi/5ce ( a ,creator1 b ! t5d5cy ( 8 argum5ts is to prove t ,8 int]f]5ce 0 limit$ to ! s+le act ( orig9al ,creation2 & t f ! mom5t ( its creation ! _w has be5 a sort ( automatic ma*9e1 produc+ its results )\t any int]f]5ce f any high] p[]4 ,! !ory tak5 z a :ole comes into contact ) ! ,mosaic ,record 9 ?ree po9ts3-- #a4 ,z x assumes ! possibility t life may be self-orig9at$4 #b4 ,z x indicates a mode ( proc$ure diff]5t f t giv5 by ,moses4 #c4 ,z x requires unlimit$ "t4 ,( ^! ! la/ is already dispos$ (1 :5 ! n>rative is %[n to be capable ( an int]pretation 9 accordance ) x4 ,! fir/ requires only a brief notice2 b ! second mu/ be c>efully inve/igat$1 to sep>ate asc]ta9$ tru? f inf]5ces :i* h no suffici5t f\ndation4 ,! !ory ( spontane\s g5]ation re/s almo/ entirely ^u assumptions4 ,its only semblance ( support f facts is d]iv$ f c]ta9 exp]im5ts ( a v unsatisfactory "*1 :i* are said to h result$ 9 ! production ( "s ( ! l[e/ =ms ( animal life4 ,^! exp]im5ts h be5 by no means uni=mly successful4 ,"o or two exp]im5t]s h ?\ght t !y h succe$$1 b n uni=mly1 :ile ! same process1 repeat$ by m5 ^: sci5tific & manipulative p[]s are univ]sally recogniz$1 has nev] once result$ 9 any seem+ developm5t ( life4 ,ev5 if1 h[ev]1 !y _h be5 uni=mly successful1 !re w\ld h be5 great reason to d\bt :e!r ! app>5t success 0 n really a failure--a failure 9 ! precautions necess>y to exclude all g]ms ( life f ! matt] exp]im5t$ ^u4 ,= ! l[] =ms ( life are excessively m9ute2 & _! g]ms--eggs1 se$s1 or spores--mu/ be f> small]4 ,x is kn[n t ^! are con/antly float+ 9 ! atmosph]e1 ?\gh1 ow+ to _! extreme m9ut5ess1 ! fact c only be asc]ta9$ by ! mo/ skilful inve/igation4 ,& ! l[] =ms ( animalcules h a s+ul> t5acity ( life2 !y c pass unh>m$ ?r\gh processes :i* w\ld be fatal to creatures ( high] organization4 ,"o v>iety is kn[n to survive entire desiccation2 ano!r lives ^u /ry*n9e2 o!rs be> )\t injury great extremes ( heat & cold2 & if ?is is ! case ) ! mature creatures1 x is probable t ! g]m possesses /ill /rong] p[]s ( vitality4 ,if "o ac>us c live ^u /ry*n9e1 !n x is n impossible t m9]al acids %\ld be h>mless to o!rs2 ! g]ms might be c>ri$ ?r\gh sulphuric acid 9 air )\t com+ into contact ) ! acid1 z air w\ld pass ?r\gh 9 bubbles1 9 ! c5tre ( :i* !y might be susp5d$2 or if l ! diatomaceae1 !y 7 coat$ ) silex1 !y might come into contact ) x & resi/ its action4 ,?us "o ( ! precautions commonly tak5 is n c]ta9 9 its action1 & ! same might be %[n to be true ( ! o!rs4 ,! !ory ( spontane\s g5]ation is1 9 fact1 g5]ally repudiat$ by ,evolutioni/s1 & _c !re=e be tak5 z a />t+-po9t4 ,we come !n to ! !ory ( ,evolution ) :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9's "n is associat$4 ,?is !ory ass]ts t all ! v>ieties ( animal life n[ exi/+ on ! e>?1 h[ev] widely !y may diff] f ea* o!r1 are 9 reality d]iv$ f "o1 or a v few orig9al types2 & t 9 ?is g5]al /atem5t ! human race is to be includ$4 ,?is !ory re/s ^u ! foll[+ admitt$ facts4 #a4 ,!re are n1 z 0 at "o "t commonly suppos$1 broad & di/9ct l9es ( dem>cation betwe5 ! diff]5t v>ieties ( animals & plants4 ,our increas+ k ( zoology has br\ght to light ! fact t "o species %ades (f into ano!r by almo/ imp]ceptible gradations4 ,z we g back 9 ! fossil records ( animal life 9 ! pa/1 we f9d t ! species n[ exi/+1 :ile !y are closely alli$ to correspond5t species ( an e>li] p]iod1 are sc>cely ev] id5tical ) !m1 & t ! few cases ( id5tity :i* d occur1 are limit$ to ! mo/ rec5t rocks4 ,ei!r !n ! old species mu/ h p]i%$1 & new ones1 simil> b n id5tical1 mu/ h be5 creat$ to take _! places1 or !re mu/ h be5 a process ( gradual *ange1 by :i* ! pres5t species h be5 d]iv$ f _! pr$ecessors4 ,9 "o or two cases fossils h be5 f\nd :i* comb9e1 to "s ext5t1 =ms :i* are n[ f\nd 9 di/9ct species1 z if ! process ( v>iation _h proce$$ 9 di/9ct l9es f a common s\rce4 #b4 ,no two animals ( any class are exactly alike 9 all po9ts4 ,ea* has its individual peculi>ities1 & 9 "s cases ^! peculi>ities are /rongly m>k$4 #c4 ,man has be5 enabl$1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 to make use ( ^! individual peculi>ities1 & by means ( !m to produce great v>ieties 9 ! bre$s ( dome/icat$ animals4 ,?is has be5 sometimes done unconsci\sly ?r\gh a selection influ5c$ by o!r motives1 & !n ! process has be5 v sl[2 b latt]ly int5tionally1 ) a view to ! production ( improv$ bre$s1 & :5ev] ?is has be5 ! case1 *anges ( consid]able ext5t h be5 rapidly produc$4 ,by c>efully select+ ! animals to be pair$1 any desir$ modification c g5]ally be produc$ 9 ! c\rse ( a few g5]ations4 ,?is is exemplifi$ 9 ! num]\s & increas+ v>ieties ( ! bre$s ( almo/ all dome/ic animals & birds4 ,! !ory ( ,evolution !n sugge/s t ! same processes :i* are employ$ by ! cattle-bre$] h be5 9 op]ation ?r\gh untold ages4 ,= ! int5tion & c>e ( ! human ag5t1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 sub/itutes two pr9ciples2 "o designat$ z ,natural ,selection1 ! o!r z ,sexual ,selection4 ,= _! full developm5t he claims unlimit$ "t4 ,! gr\nd on :i* ! ,process ( ,natural ,selection is ma9ta9$ is z foll[s3-- ,x has be5 already notic$ t no two individuals ( ! same k9d are exactly alike 9 all respects2 ea* individual has "s peculi>ities1 g5]ally v trifl+1 b suffici5t to di/+ui% x f all o!r individuals4 ,"s ( ^! peculi>ities w probably be su* z to be ( "s s]vice to ! individual 9 ! /ruggle ( life2 !y w assi/ x 9 procur+ food1 or 9 resi/+ or escap+ f its natural enemies1 :ile on ! o!r h& ! peculi>ities ( o!r individuals w be prejudicial to !m 9 ^! ways4 ,! consequ5ce w be t a l>g] proportion ( ^? hav+ fav\rable peculi>ities w survive & propagate _! k9d2 _! (fspr+ w inh]it ! peculi>ities ( _! p>5ts1 & reproduce !m 9 v>i\s degrees4 ,! same process w !n be repeat$1 & ?us f g5]ation to g5]ation ! peculi>ity w be increas$1 till at la/ x is suffici5t to m>k out1 fir/ a new v>iety1 !n a new species1 & s on4 ,?is process !n1 cont9u$ ?r\gh a long c\rse ( ages1 0 at "o "t consid]$ by ,mr4 ,d>w9 suffici5t to acc\nt = all ! v>ieties ( liv+ creatures n[ exi/+1 or t h exi/$ 9 pa/ ages4 ,b he has m rec5tly satisfi$ himself ,footnote3 ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 i p4 #aeb4 t !re are _m ph5om5a :i* are n satisfactorily acc\nt$ = by ?is pr9ciple1 s9ce _m ( ! specific diff]5ces ( animals are f\nd to exi/ 9 matt]s :i*1 _c directly promote _! success 9 ! /ruggle ( life4 ,su*1 = in/ance1 are ! brilliant col\rs :i* are f\nd1 especially among ! males1 9 _m species ( birds4 ,^! he proposes to expla9 by ! supplem5t>y !ory ( ,sexual ,selection4 ,8 sugge/ion is t ^! peculi>ities are 9 "s way attractive to animals ( ! opposite sex1 s t ! individuals 9 :i* !y are mo/ /rongly develop$ are m successful ?an o!rs 9 obta9+ mates1 & t 9 ?is way ! peculi>ity is gradually fix$ & increas$4 ,by ^! two processes1 !n1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 supposes t all ! diff]5ces n[ exi/+ among animals h be5 produc$ & p]petuat$2 & n only t1 b t man also is ! result ( simil> processes1 act+ ?r\gh a v long p]iod2 t ! prog5y ( c]ta9 an?ropomorph\s apes h1 by sl[ degrees1 ris5 9 ! scale ( be+ above _! prog5itors2 t all our faculties1 intellectual & moral z well z physical1 diff] f ^? possess$ by l[] animals 9 ,,degree only1 & n 9 ,,k9d1 ,footnote3 ,desc5t ( ,man1 *aps1 ii4-v4 s t man has arriv$ at 8 pres5t /ate by :at may be t]m$ purely natural processes1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( any ext]nal p[]4 ,9 consid]+ ^! !ories1 our att5tion mu/ fir/ be direct$ to "s defects :i* appe> to weak5 ! :ole c\rse ( ! argum5t2 & !n we may consid] ! peculi> difficulties 9 ! way ( ! processes ( natural & sexual selection2 & ! gr\nds = ! belief t man is 9 possession ( some?+ entirely diff]5t 9 ,,k9d f any faculty or p[] possess$ by any l[] animals1 :i* c\ld n !re=e be d]iv$ by inh]itance & improvem5t4 ,! fir/ ?+ :i* /rikes u 9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's works is t1 f "t to "t1 he betrays a sort ( lat5t consci\sness t 8 !ory is insuffici5t2 t ! processes to :i* he ascribes su* va/ results are n q adequate to ! purpose1 b t !y ne$ 9 "s way to be supplem5t$4 ,e n[ & !n rec\rse is _h to "s law--"s unkn[n cause--:i* mu/ co-op]ate 9 ! production ( ! results he is consid]+4 ,9 spite ( ! app>5t c>e :i* he has tak5 to gu>d aga9/ x1 he is cont9ually betray$ into a confusion betwe5 ! two s5ses 9 :i* ! ^w law is employ$4 ,9 its prop] significance1 law is an expression ( ! w ( an intellig5t sup]ior1 en=c$ by adequate p[]4 ,9 ?is s5se ! law may be consid]$ z an effici5t cause4 ,! comb9ation ( w & p[] is an adequate cause = any result :atev]4 ,b ,mr4 ,d>w9 expressly excludes ?is s5se ( ! ^w1 9 a s5t5ce :i* seems to involve a self-contradiction4 ,i mean by nature only ! aggregate action & product ( _m natural laws1 & by law only ! asc]ta9$ sequ5ce ( ev5ts4 ,footnote3 ,plants & ,animals "u ,dome/ication1 vol4 i4 p4 #f4 ,law1 9 ?is s5se1 !n1 is simply ! /atem5t ( obs]v$ facts1 & z su* c h no action at all4 ,x ass]ts t c]ta9 ph5om5a d uni=mly foll[ ea* o!r 9 an asc]ta9$ ord]2 b x gives u no in=mation :atev] z to ! cause ( ^? ev5ts1 or ! reason :y !y d ?us succe$ ea* o!r4 ,b1 tak+ law 9 ?is la/ s5se1 by 8 own def9ition1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 does1 nev]!less1 cont9ually br+ =w>d c]ta9 laws z acc\nt+ = c]ta9 results4 ,?us1 we h ! laws ( ,correlation ( ,gr[?1 ,footnote3 ,orig9 ( ,species1 ed4 #ahgb1 p4 #aad4 ,inh]itance limit$ to ,males1 ,footnote3 ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 i4 pp4 #bef1 #beg4 & a ,pr9ciple ( ,comp5sation4 ,footnote3 ,orig9 ( ,species1 p4 #aag4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,d>w91 !re=e1 br+s =w>d ^! laws z effici5t causes1 he n only tacitly admits ! inadequacy ( 8 !ory to acc\nt = ! ph5om5a 9 "q1 b he also endeav\rs to supply ! defect by ano!r cause1 :i*1 by 8 own def9ition1 is no cause at all4 ,& fur!r1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 calls 9 ! action ( unkn[n ag5cies4 ,footnote3 ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 i4 p4 #aed4 ,b x may be said1 ,is n ?is ! case ) all sci5ces1 at lea/ 9 _! e>li] /ages8 ,are !re n frequ5tly1 or always1 _m ph5om5a :i* at fir/ seem inexplicable1 b :i* are gradually acc\nt$ = z k increases8 ,if1 !n1 ?is is no objection 9 sci5tific pursuits g5]ally1 :y %\ld x be s "h8 ,?is reason+ w\ld be p]fectly valid if ,d>w9ism 7 reg>d$ simply z a sci5tific inve/igation4 ,b x is "u consid]ation n[ on v diff]5t r\nds4 ,:atev] ,mr4 ,d>w9's own views may be1 ! !ory is br\ght =w>d by o!rs1 n z a m]e int]e/+ speculation1 b z antagoni/ic to a record ^: au?ority is atte/$ by evid5ce ( ! v highe/ class4 ,x claims to discr$it t record1 & to be receiv$ z a sub/itute = x4 ,b t record1 h[ev] x may be int]pret$1 does give u adequate causes = all t x pr(esses to acc\nt =1 9 ! w & op]ation ( an ,almighty ,creator4 ,! !ory1 !re=e1 :i* pr(esses to supplant x1 mu/ at lea/ /& ^u an equal gr\nd--x mu/ give an adequate acc\nt ( ev]y?+4 ,!re mu/ be no unv]ifi$ laws4 ,to fall back ^u su* laws is 9 reality to fall back on ! work+ ( t v p[] ^: op]ation is =mally d5i$4 ,footnote3 ,see ,fo/]'s ,essays1 ,essay i4 ,lett] #e4 ,! next po9t to be notic$ is a great confusion betwe5 assumptions & prov$ facts4 ,?is is especially prom95t 9 t "p ( 8 la/ "w :i* is devot$ to sexual selection4 ,?us1 9 "o case x is tak5 = grant$1 t v>i\s *>act]i/ics ( ! males s]ve only to allure or excite ! female4 ,footnote3 ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 i4 p4 #beh4 ,h5ce 7because brilliant col\rs ( insects h probably n be5 acquir$ ,,= ,,! ,,purpose ( protection71 ,i am l$ to suppose t ! females g5]ally pref]1 or are mo/ excit$ by ! m brilliant males4 ,footnote3 ,ibid4 p4 #cii4 ,nev]!less1 :5 we see _m males pursu+ ! same female1 we c h>dly believe t ! pair+ is left to bl9d *ance2 t ! female ex]ts no *oice1 & is n influ5c$ by ! gorge\s col\rs1 or o!r ornam5ts ) :i* ! male alone is decorat$ ,footnote3 ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 i p4 #dba4 ,su* s5t5ces are ( cont9ual occurr5ce1 & d duty 9 ! argum5t z if !y express$ asc]ta9$ facts4 ,& n only ?is1 b 9 ! v "p ( ! "w :i* is devot$ to e/abli%+ ! adequacy ( sexual selection to produce c]ta9 effects1 t adequacy is assum$ f ! v beg9n+4 ,?us1 we read1 ,t ^! *>act]s are ! result ( sexual selection is cle>1 ,footnote3 ,ibid4 p4 #beh4 be=e we h got six pages into an argum5t :i* occupies a volume & a half4 ,?is is surely a /rong in/ance ( :at is commonly call$ begg+ ! "q4 ,ano!r in/ance ( confusion ( ideas is to be f\nd 9 ! assumption ( design :i* occasionally occurs4 ,?us1 we read1 ,9 "s o!r rem>kable cases beauty has be5 ga9$ = ! sake ( protection1 ?r\gh ! imitation ( o!r beautiful species4 ,footnote3 ,ibid4 p4 #cic4 ,f ^! consid]ations ,mr4 ,bates inf]r$1 t ! butt]flies :i* imitate ! protect$ species1 _h acquir$ _! pres5t m>vell\sly deceptive appe>ance ?r\gh v>iation & natural selection1 9 ord] to be mi/ak5 = ! protect$ k9ds4 ,footnote3 ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 i4 p4 #daa4 ,9 ^! cases !re is an assumption ( purpose & design1 :i*1 necess>ily implies a design]1 j z law1 treat$ z an effici5t cause1 implies a law-giv]4 ,x may inde$ be t ?is is only an inaccurate way ( express+ some?+ else2 b !n1 su* modes ( expression are usually ! result ( a want ( cle> p]ception ( ! ideas to be express$2 &1 9 ?is case1 su* expressions mu/ dim9i% ! weight to be assign$ to ,mr4 ,d>w9's judgm5t4 ,we come n[ to ! consid]ation ( ! fir/ ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's suppos$ ag5cies--,natural ,selection1 or1 ,survival ( ! fitte/4 ,! results produc$ by ?is process mu/ be ascrib$ to "o ( two causes3 ei!r !y are ! "w ( a ,sup]9t5d+ ,provid5ce1 wat*+ ov] & direct+ e sep>ate detail2 or !y are ! result ( pure *ance & accid5t4 ,!re is no?+ int]m$iate betwe5 ^! two causes4 ,natural law--ap>t f design & a design]--is1 z we h se51 a non5tity--a m]e expression ( obs]v$ facts1 = :i* x c give no acc\nt :atev]4 ,mr4 ,d>w9's argum5t is expressly direct$ to exclude ! int]f]5ce ( a sup]9t5d+ ,provid5ce4 ,*ance is ! only cause :i* he c br+ =w>d4 ,! v fir/ "q1 !n1 :i* arises is1 ,:at is !re ^u :i* *ance may op]ate8 ,:at are ! conditions f :i* ! probabilities may be calculat$8 ,mr4 ,d>w9 assumes1 & no d\bt correctly1 t m9ute v>iations are cont9ually tak+ place4 ,b z ^! v>iations are ! result ( accid5t ,footnote3 ,if !y are n ! result ( accid5t1 we aga9 see design & ne$ a design]4 !y w take place 9 v>i\s directions2 "s ( !m w h a b5eficial1 "s ( !m a noxi\s t5d5cy4 ,z1 moreov]1 !y are suppos$ to be v small at ea* /ep1 ! diff]5ce ( advantage 9 ! case ( diff]5t individuals mu/ be also v small1 & w n be likely to produce any consid]able diff]5ce 9 ! *ances ( pair+4 ,b 9 ord] t any v>iation may be p]petuat$ & increas$1 ! pair+ ( simil>ly affect$ individuals is necess>y4 ,p>5ts1 9 :i* ! v>iations took opposite directions1 w\ld probably h (fspr+ ( ! normal type1 ! opposite v>iations neutraliz+ ea* o!r4 ,& ?is mu/ be repeat$ aga9 & aga92 & ) e repetition ( ! process requir$1 ! probabilities aga9/ x w\ld rapidly increase4 ,?us1 suppos+ t 9 ! fir/ g5]ation ! proportion ( fav\rable conditions 7 su*1 t ( ^? animals t pair$ !re 7 f\r ( ea* sex t _h !m to ?ree t want$ !m1 ! *ances t any giv5 pair 7 alike 9 possess+ !m w\ld be repres5t$ by ! product #d_/g x #d_/g1 or #af_/di4 ,h5ce1 ! *ances w\ld be r m ?an two to "o aga9/ x4 ,9 ! next g5]ation x w\ld be #bef_/bdja1 or m ?an eight to "o1 & s on4 ,footnote3 ,?is is giv5 m]ely z an illu/ration ( ! nature ( ! calculation4 ,9 any actual case ! conditions w\ld be inf9itely m complex1 b ! calculation1 if x c\ld be made at all1 mu/ be made on ?is pr9ciple4 ,b next1 we h n to d ) "o s]ies ( *anges only1 b ) a va/ numb] ( diff]5t s]ies go+ on 9 diff]5t directions1 if we are to h a l>ge v>iety ( animals produc$ f a common /ock4 ,all ! probabilities aga9/ ! sep>ate v>iations mu/ be comb9$1 n by addition1 b by multiplication1 s t ! probabilities aga9/ ! production ( all ^! sep>ate =ms become enorm\s4 ,aga9/ all ?is improbability ,mr4 ,d>w9 br+s =w>d ! suppos$ advantages :i* ^! v>iations give to _! possessors4 ,b "h aga9 a new elem5t is introduc$ into ! calculation4 ,x is assum$1 9 ! v /atem5t ( ! "q1 t ! process ( adaptation has already tak5 place2 ! orig9al /ock mu/ h be5 adapt$ to ! circum/ances "u :i* !y exi/$1 or 9 _! case ! :ole !ory fails4 ,if1 !n1 a fre% adaptation is want$1 x mu/ be because a *ange 9 ext]nal circum/ances mu/ h tak5 place4 ,9 ord] t a new v>iety may be e/abli%$ !re mu/ be a concurr5ce betwe5 ! *ange ( ext]nal circum/ances & ! *ange 9 ! animals4 ,"h we get a new1 & a l>ge factor = our multiplication4 ,?is argum5t may be1 p]haps1 made cle>] by an illu/ration4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 has writt5 a v int]e/+ book on ! f]tilization ( or*ids by means ( insects4 ,accord+ to 8 view all insects are desc5d$ f "o common type1 & all or*ids are also desc5d$ f "o p>5t2 b we meet ) insects & or*ids 9 pairs1 ea* p]fectly adapt$ to ! o!r4 ,we w suppose t a *ange takes place 9 a p>ticul> or*id1 t ! nect>y rec$es to a great] di/ance f ! po9t to :i* ! insect c p5etrate1 & s an advantage is giv5 to ^? insects 9 :i* ! hau/ellum is ( a l5g? above ! av]age4 ,?is may h a slight t5d5cy to increase ! numb] ( su* insects2 b !n x w h an opposite t5d5cy 9 ! case ( ! or*id4 ,x _c1 ( c\rse1 be suppos$ t ! v>iation1 :i* is only p>tial 9 ! insect1 is univ]sal 9 ! plant4 ,! un*ang$ insects w !re=e be conf9$ to ! un*ang$ fl[]s1 :ile ! *ang$ insects w be indiff]5t on ! subject1 z !y w be able to rea* ! nect>y 9 any case4 ,h5ce1 an advantage w be giv5 to ! un*ang$ fl[]1 :i* w be m likely to be f]tiliz$1 & ! two l9es ( v>iation w move 9 opposite directions4 ,b next1 ! v>iation 9 ! insects & ! fl[]s mu/ take place at ! same "t & ! same place1 or no result w foll[ to ! insect1 :ile ! new v>iety ( or*id mu/ p]i% = want ( an insect to f]tilize x4 ,x is ?is :i* makes ! supposition ( unlimit$ "t almo/ useless1 because j 9 proportion z ! "t is increas$ ! probability ( two indep5d5t ev5ts happ5+ simultane\sly is dim9i%$4 ,b ev5 suppos+ ?is difficulty out ( ! way1 we meet ) an imm$iate repetition ( x4 ,! insect d]ives an advantage f its increas$ hau/ellum1 b :at advantage does ! plant d]ive f its retir+ nect>y8 ,h[ does t help x 9 ! /ruggle ( life8 ,b if x produces no b5eficial result1 ! v>iation accord+ to ! !ory mu/ drop4 ,h5ce we %\ld arrive at an insect suit$ = a new =m ( ! fl[]1 b no fl[] suit$ to ! new =m ( ! insect4 ,if1 !n1 we reject ! idea ( sup]9t5d5ce & design1 we h on ! "o h& an enorm\s antec$5t improbability1 :ile on ! o!r h& we h only a v small p[] by :i* a direction may be giv5 to ! c\rse ( ev5ts1 s9ce by ! hypo!sis 9 any "o g5]ation ! *ange1 & consequ5tly ! sup]ior advantage1 is exce$+ly small1 & !re is a /rong t5d5cy 9 relat$ *anges1 z 9 ! case ( ! or*id & insect1 to move 9 opposite directions4 ,b next1 9 ! v>ieties ( animals ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 !re is a c]ta9 connexion betwe5 ! diff]5ces ( indep5d5t organs1 = :i* ?is !ory does n help u to acc\nt4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 accord+ to ?is !ory ! can9e & ! fel9e races are desc5d$ f a common ance/or4 ,b !re are sev]al po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 a cat & a dog4 ,!re are ! diff]5ces 9 ! =m ( jaws1 9 ! d5tition2 9 ! muscles by :i* ! jaws are mov$1 & 9 ! feet & claws4 ,all animals ( ! cat tribe agree 9 all ^! respects1 s d all animals ( ! dog tribe4 ,we nev] f9d a cat's head comb9$ ) ! feet ( a dog4 ,:y is ?is8 ,mr4 ,d>w9 attempts to acc\nt = x by 8 suppos$ law ( correlation ( gr[?1 b1 z has be5 already %[n1 any su* law1 be+ by ,mr4 ,d>w9's def9ition ! obs]v$ sequ5ce ( ev5ts & no?+ m1 is utt]ly useless1 :5 x is br\ght =w>d z a cause = ^? ev5ts4 ,on ?is po9t ! !ory completely breaks d[n4 #c4 ,! !ory does n acc\nt = any *anges :i* are n imm$iately b5eficial4 ,footnote3 ,9 ! ,orig9 ( ,species 7,ed4 #ahgb7 ,mr4 ,d>w9 makes an admission :i* is virtually a giv+-up ( 8 :ole !ory4 ,he says1 ,9 _m o!r cases modifications are probably ! direct result ( ! laws ( v>iation or ( gr[?1 indep5d5tly ( any good hav+ be5 ?us ga9$2 b ev5 su* /ructures h (t51 z we may feel assur$1 be5 subsequ5tly tak5 advantage (1 pp4 #afe1 #aff4 ,"h1 !n1 we h a prep>ation = future circum/ances1 :i* surely implies design4 ,if any rudim5t>y advance is made 9 ! organism1 if1 = in/ance1 ! rudim5ts ( a new bone1 or jo9t1 or organ ( s5se are develop$1 ! nasc5t organ mu/1 accord+ to ! hypo!sis ( m9ute *anges1 be useless 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,h5ce x w\ld conf] no advantage 9 ! /ruggle ( life2 !re w\ld be no t5d5cy t[>ds its pres]vation & gr[?4 ,?is becomes a v important consid]ation1 :5 c]ta9 important diff]5ces 9 animal /ructure & habits are to be acc\nt$ =4 ,h[1 = in/ance1 c\ld ! mamm>y gl&s be develop$ 9 ovip>\s creatures8 ,mr4 ,d>w9 reg>ds !m z orig9at+ 9 cutane\s gl&s1 develop$ 9 ! p\* ( ! m>supials4 ,b 8 gr\nds = ?is /atem5t are v meagre4 ,to a great ext5t !y re/ on :at an ,am]ican ,naturali/ believes he has se52 & besides1 ! orni?orhyncus1 :i* has no p\*1 & :i* is l[] 9 ! scale ( life ?an ! m>supials1 by ,mr4 ,d>w9's own admission 7,o4 ,s41 p4 #aij71 possesses ! gl&s4 ,mr4 ,miv>t's "q 7,d>w91 ,o4 ,s41 p4 #ahi7 is a v p]t95t "o4 ,ano!r po9t :i* ?is view fails to expla91 is ! det]m9ation ( ! l9e ( developm5t 9 p>ticul> directions at diff]5t p]iods4 ,at "o "t x is mo/ m>k$ 9 fi%es1 at ano!r 9 reptiles1 at ano!r 9 mammals4 ,h[ is ?is to be acc\nt$ =8 #d4 ,! exp]i5ce ( cattle-bre$]s does n w>rant ! assumption t ! pr9ciple ( natural selection has m ?an a limit$ op]ation4 ,no case has z yet be5 br\ght =w>d 9 :i* v>ieties h be5 produc$ :i* 7 n capable ( int]bre$+4 ,ap>t f _! exp]i5ce !re is n a p>ticle ( evid5ce 9 fav\r ( ! ass]tion t races :i* _c be made to bre$ toge!r c be desc5d$ f a common /ock4 ,! unlimit$ application ( ?is pr9ciple is !re=e a pure assumption4 #e4 ,to ?is mu/ be add$ ! circum/ance t no au!nticat$ in/ance ( v>iation by natural selection c be br\ght =w>d4 ,x is true t ?is is n a v important argum5t1 because our k ( ^? classes ( animals 9 :i* natural selection c\ld act is ev5 n[ v incomplete2 & our k ( _! pa/ hi/ory is /ill m limit$1 s t we are n 9 a condition to prove a negative4 ,b 9 su* a case z ?is ! onus ( pro( %\ld surely lie on ! o!r side4 ,x is = ^? :o w\ld ass]t ! !ory to br+ =w>d positive pro( ( x4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o po9t 9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's view ( dome/icat$ animals :i* tells aga9/ 8 !ory4 ,! cat rema9s un*ang$1 because f its vagrant habits man has no control ov] its pair+ ,footnote3 ,d>w9's ,animals & ,plants1 vol4 ii4 p4 #bcf44 ,n[ consid]+ ! v>iety ( conditions "u :i* cats exi/1 "h is surely a great op5+ = natural selection4 ,b x has produc$ no results4 ,we come n[ to ! !ory ( ,sexual ,selection1 :i* is to acc\nt = ^? peculi>ities & di/9ctions :i* c h no b5eficial effect 9 ! /ruggle ( life1 & :i* are acc\nt$ = on ! supposition t !y r5d] _! possessors m agreeable to ! opposite sex1 & s facilitate pair+1 s t ^? animals :i* possess !m 9 a rem>kable degree w\ld h ! greate/ *ance ( cont9u+ _! race4 ,! case on :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 ma9ly re/s 8 argum5t is t ( birds1 9 :i* ! males are frequ5tly di/+ui%$ by exquisite col\rs & v graceful m>k+s1 & 9 :i* also ! proce$+s ( ! sexes c1 9 _m cases1 be m easily wat*$4 ,x is 9 ma9ta9+ ?is !ory t ,mr4 ,d>w9 has su* frequ5t rec\rse to :at may be call$ ! argum5tum ad ignorantiam4 ,if su* & su* organs or ornam5ts 7 n design$ = ?is or t p>ticul> object1 !n we d n "k ( :at use !y are4 ,footnote3 ,= in/ance1 ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 ii4 pp4 #bhd4 #cii4 ,?is maybe v true1 b x proves no?+1 unless we assume t we are or ought to be acqua9t$ )1 ! use & object ( ev]y?+ 9 nature4 ,& x involves ano!r & a v wide "q4 ,!re are c]ta9 ta/es :i* seem to be inh]5t 9 our nature1 & !re are c]ta9 ext]nal objects :i* af=d gratification to ^? ta/es4 ,mu/ we view ?is co9cid5ce z m]ely accid5tal8 or is x a "p ( ! design ( ! _w t x %\ld m9i/] n only to our ne$s1 b also to our enjoym5ts8 ,mr4 ,d>w9 does n reject ! idea ( an ,au?or & ,design] ( ,nature1 is he !n prep>$ to ass]t t beauty did n =m a "p ( ! design z well z utility8 ,footnote3 ,9 ! ,orig9 ( ,species1 p #aei1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 does seem to ass]t ?is2 b he says 9 conclusion1 ,h[ ! s5se ( beauty 9 its simple/ =m--t is1 ! reception ( a peculi> k9d ( pleasure f c]ta9 col\rs1 =ms1 & s\nds--0 fir/ develop$ 9 ! m9d ( man & ( ! l[] animals is a v obscure subject1 p4 #afb4 ,to ,mr4 ,d>w91 ) 8 pres5t views1 x may well be obscure2 b x pres5ts no obscurity at all to ^? :o believe t ! univ]se 9 all its details 0 design$1 & its =mation sup]9t5d$1 by a lov+ ,fa!r1 ^: w 0 t x %\ld n only supply ! ne$s1 b also m9i/] to ! enjoym5t ( all ,8 creatures1 nor to ^? :o 9 e =m ( beauty1 physical1 intellectual1 or moral1 behold a f>-(f reflexion ( ! glory ( ! ,invisible ,creator4 ,if he is n prep>$ to ass]t ?is1 he mu/ admit ! possibility t _m ?+s exi/ ^: sole object is to m9i/] to t s5se ( beauty :i* is probably possess$ by o!r be+s besides ourselves4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 admits t _m o!r causes1 beside ! suppos$ pref]5ce on ! "p ( "o sex = c]ta9 mat]ial adornm5ts possess$ by ! o!r1 influ5ce ! pair+ ( animals4 ,9 a v l>ge numb] ( cases ! female is q passive 9 ! matt]4 ,! "q is decid$ by a battle betwe5 ! males1 & ! female seems1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 to become ! mate ( ! conqu]or4 ,9 _m o!r cases pair+ seems to be ! result ( accid5t2 ! two sexes pair z !y happ5 to meet ea* o!r4 ,! great po9ts on :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 re/s 8 argum5t are t 9 "s cases1 on ! approa* ( bre$+-"t1 c]ta9 ornam5tal app5dages become m highly develop$ or m brilliantly col\r$1 ,footnote3 ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 ii4 p4 #hj4 & t 9 _m cases ! males1 :5 c\rt+ ! females1 are obs]v$ to display _! ornam5ts be=e !m4 ,footnote3 ,ibid4 vol4 ii4 p4 #hf1 et seq4 b !n !re are o!r facts1 :i* ,mr4 ,d>w94 also notices1 :i* detract m ?an he seems will+ to all[1 f ! relevancy ( ^! facts4 ,! developm5t ( ornam5ts at bre$+-"t sometimes takes place 9 bo? sexes1 indicat+ "s lat5t connexion ) ! reproductive organs2 ?us ! comb ( ! dome/ic h5 becomes a bright r$1 z well z t ( ! cock4 ,x w\ld appe> !n t ! object ( ! *ange is n to r5d] ! cock m attractive to ! h5s1 = h[ c\ld x s]ve ! h5s 7if ! *oice lies ) !m7 to be made m attractive to ! cocks8 ,!n aga9 an old h5 :o is pa/ lay+1 (t5 assumes1 to a consid]able ext5t1 ! plumage ( ! cock4 ,:5 ^! ornam5ts are ! exclusive possession ( ! male1 !y are (t5 display$ = o!r purposes ?an ! gratification ( ! female4 ,! possessors seem to be consci\s ( _! beauty1 & to take a pleasure 9 display+ x to any spectators4 ,v great beauty & brilliancy ( col\r is (t5 f\nd 9 cases 9 :i* x c h no?+ :atev] to d ) ! relation betwe5 ! sexes4 ,?us1 a va/ numb] ( cat]pill>s are rem>kable = _! beauty2 b 9 _! immature /ate x c h no relation to sexual selection2 & if x may1 or r mu/1 h a diff]5t object 9 "o case1 :at gr\nd h we = assum+ t x may n h a diff]5t object 9 ! o!r8 ,aga91 we are n 9 a position to =m any op9ion z to ! causes :i* really influ5ce ! pair+ ( animals :5 *oice is ex]cis$4 ,we h no c]ta9 k ^u ! important "q :e!r ! ideal ( beauty1 if possess$ by ! l[] animals at all1 is 9 all1 or ev5 9 _m cases1 9 accordance ) our own4 ,we1 = in/ance1 admire a male humm+-bird2 :at c]ta9ty h we t he is equally beautiful 9 ! eyes ( 8 mate8 ,9 cases :]e we h reason to believe t delib]ate selection has tak5 place1 we d n "k t t selection 0 influ5c$ by only "o condition--t ( beauty4 ,!re may h be5 a ?\s& causes at "w ( :i* we "k no?+4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 br+s =w>d an in/ance 9 :i* ! own] ( a numb] ( peah5s wi%$ !m to bre$ ) a peacock ( a p>ticul> v>iety1 :ile !y %[$ a delib]ate pref]5ce = ano!r bird2 & he supposes t _! pref]5ce 0 decid$ by ! plumage4 ,b !re might h be5 ano!r cause--at lea/ ! circum/ances z relat$ by him seem to sugge/ x--:i* w\ld give a v diff]5t turn to ! affair4 ,! fav\r$ peacock1 spok5 ( z old1 ,footnote3 ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 ii4 p4 #aai4 0 probably an old fri5d ( ! h5s1 :ile 8 unsuccessful rival seems to h be5 a new introduction4 ,! pref]5ce %[n by ! h5s w\ld 9 ?is case be fully acc\nt$ =1 )\t suppos+ !m to h exhibit$ any *oice 9 ! matt] ( plumage4 ,!n !re are a va/ numb] ( peculi>ities :i* are c]ta9ly n ornam5tal 9 our eyes1 b :i* are conf9$ to ! male sex4 ,!y are1 s f> z we c tell1 ( no s]vice :atev] 9 ! /ruggle ( life4 ,) ref]5ce to ^! ,mr4 ,d>w9's argum5t seems to be ?is1--,!y c s]ve no o!r purpose ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 !re=e !y mu/ be attractive to ! female--!re=e !y mu/ be acquir$ by sexual selection4 ,su* argum5ts z ^! _c c>ry mu* weight4 ,footnote3 ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol ii p #bhd4 ,on ! :ole1 we c h>dly come to any o!r conclusion ?an t ! !ory ( sexual selection is n prov$4 ,9 _m cases x is kn[n t su* selection is n ! result ( *oice2 9 o!r cases1 :]e *oice seems probable1 we h no gr\nd = believ+ t ext]nal appe>ance is ! sole gr\nd ( t *oice4 ,x may ex]cise "s influ5ce1 b t is all4 ,ev5 if admitt$1 !re are _m ?+s :i* _c be acc\nt$ = by x )\t v extravagant assumptions4 ,x _c !n be admitt$ z cov]+ ! l>ge classes ( ph5om5a left unacc\nt$ = by ! !ory ( natural selection4 ,s f> z ! l[] animals are conc]n$1 ! results to :i* an exam9ation ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's views has l$ u may be summ$ up 9 ! foll[+ propositions3-- #a4 ,t ! two causes1 natural & sexual selection1 h probably ex]cis$ "s influ5ce 9 ! modification ( animal =ms2 b t ! laws ( probability preclude our ent]ta9+ ! belief t ^! causes c h _h1 by !mselves1 & ap>t f a sup]9t5d+ p[]1 any?+ beyond a v limit$ op]ation4 #b4 ,t 9 cases :]e !re h be5 relat$ *anges 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! same organism1 or 9 diff]5t organisms1 ! inadequacy ( ^! two causes is virtually admitt$ by ! introduction ( c]ta9 suppos$ laws2 & t ^! laws1 be+ def9$ by ,mr4 ,d>w9 to be no m ?an ! asc]ta9$ sequ5ce ( ev5ts1 _c be reg>d$ z effici5t causes1 & s _c supply ! defect4 #c4 ,t !re are p>ticul> po9ts 9 ! *a9 ( life1 9 :i* ! transition f "o =m to ano!r is s great1 & s incapable ( graduation1 t x is impossible to suppose t ^! two causes c h be5 adequate to produce x4 ,( ?is a notable in/ance is to be f\nd 9 ! transition f ovip>\s animals to ! mammalia4 ,we come n[ to ! consid]ation ( ! orig9 ( man1 :i* ,mr4 ,d>w91 9 8 la/ "w1 ascribes also to natural & sexual selection4 ,8 view is1 t man is desc5d$ f "s family ( an?ropomorph\s apes1 & t all ^? enorm\s diff]5ces :i*1 z he admits1 exi/ betwe5 ! highe/ ape & ! mo/ degrad$ memb] ( ! human race1 are diff]5ces ( degree only1 & n ( k9d2 t all our intellectual weal?1 & all our moral laws1 are simply ! developm5t ( faculties & ideas :i* 7 possess$ 9 a rud] =m by ! creatures f :om man is desc5d$4 ,s f> z man's physical con/itution is conc]n$1 !re is und\bt$ly some?+ to be said 9 fav\r ( ?is view4 ,= man's bodily frame is compos$ ( ! same elem5ts1 & m\ld$ ^u ! same g5]al plan z t ( ! high] apes1 &1 :at is /ill m rem>kable1 x reta9s1 9 a rudim5t>y =m1 c]ta9 muscles & organs :i* are fully develop$ & answ] important purposes 9 _m ( ! quadrumana4 ,( ^! ! tail is a rem>kable in/ance4 ,b :5 ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! physical peculi>ities ( man1 & ^? ( 8 suppos$ prog5itors are exam9$1 ! !ory ( natural selection collapses entirely1 = ! developm5t has tak5 ! =m :i* w\ld be mo/ disadvantage\s 9 ! /ruggle ( life4 ,?is is v cle>ly put by ! ,duke ( ,argyll4,footnote3 ,rec5t ,speculations on ,primeval ,man1 9 ,good ,words1 ,april1 #ahfh4 ,! unclo!d & unprotect$ condition ( ! human body1 its comp>ative sl[ness ( foot2 ! abs5ce ( tee? adapt$ = preh5sion or = def5ce2 ! same want ( p[] = simil> purposes 9 ! h&s & f+]s2 ! bluntness ( ! s5se ( smell1 s z to r5d] x useless = ! detection ( prey :i* is conceal$2--all ^! are features :i* /& 9 fix$ & h>moni\s relation to ! m5tal p[]s ( man4 ,b1 ap>t f ^!1 !y w\ld place him at an imm5se disadvantage 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,?is1 !re=e1 is n ! direction 9 :i* ! bl9d =ces ( selection c\ld ev] "w 4444 ,man mu/ h _h human proportions ( m9d be=e he c\ld af=d to lose be/ial proportions ( body4 ,b x is 9 ! intellectual & spiritual "p ( man's nature t ! greate/ difficulty 9 ! way ( ! application ( ^! !ories arises4 ,! /ronge/ argum5t ( all aga9/ !m is "o :i* is incapable ( pro(1 s9ce x arises n f facts ar\nd u1 b f our own self-consci\sness--our realization ( our own p[]s--& s1 to ea* individual man x mu/ v>y 9 app>5t /r5g?1 9 proportion z he realizes :at he is1 & :at x is 9 8 p[] to become4 ,! v outcry t has be5 rais$ aga9/ ,mr4 ,d>w9's proposition is a pro( ( ?is4 ,! !ory ( ! desc5t ( man1 z he prop\nds x1 0 felt to be an outrage ^u ! univ]sal in/9cts ( humanity4 ,b1 because ?is objection re/s ^u su* a f\ndation1 x is incapable ( be+ duly weigh$ & inve/igat$ z an argum5t1 & we proce$ !re=e to su* consid]ations z are )9 our rea*4 ,fir/ ( all x is desirable to dispose ( "o ( ! /ock argum5ts 9 fav\r ( ! !ory4 ,t argum5t is1 t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! l[e/ type ( savage & ! highe/ type ( civiliz$ man--betwe5 a ,fuegian or an ,au/ralian on ! "o h&1 & a ,newton1 a ,%akspe>e1 or a ,humboldt1 on ! o!r1--is q z great z t betwe5 ! high] =ms ( ape & ! l[e/ =ms ( humanity4 ,b 9 ?is argum5t !re is a fatal confusion ( ideas4 ,! capacity = acquisition is conf\nd$ ) ! opportunity = acquisition4 ,t ! savage is 9 possession ( b v few ideas does n prove t he is incapable ( m2 x may equally well arise f ! fact t he _h _h no opportunity ( acquir+ m4 ,! only way to te/ ! "q is by putt+ a savagoe f 8 e>lie/ infancy1 "u ! same fav\rable circum/ances z ! *ild ( civilisation4 ,:5ev] ?is exp]im5t has be5 tri$1 & our mission>ies h _h _m opportunities ( try+ x1 ! diff]5ce has ei!r n appe>$ at all1 or has prov$ to be v trifl+4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 himself seems to h be5 v mu* surpris$ at :at he saw 9 "s natives ( ,t]ra del ,fuego1 :o 7 = a "t 8 companions on bo>d ! ,beagle4 ,! ,fuegians rank among/ ! l[e/ b>b>ians1 b ,i 0 cont9ually /ruck ) surprise h[ closely ! ?ree natives on bo>d ,h4,m4,s4 ',beagle1' :o _h liv$ "s ye>s 9 ,engl&1 & c\ld talk a little ,engli%1 resembl$ u 9 disposition1 & 9 mo/ ( our m5tal faculties4 ,footnote3 ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 i4 p #cd ,& ^! ,fuegians _h n be5 educat$ f _! infancy1 !y _h only come to ,engl& lat] 9 life1 & 7 ?us "u an incalculable disadvantage4 ,_h !y be5 heirs to su* an intellectual inh]itance z fell to ! lot ( ,mr4 ,d>w91 !re is no?+ extravagant 9 ! supposition t !y might h prov$ !mselves equal to him 9 ! ability to make use ( x4 ,! comp>ison !n proves to be q illusory2 b x draws our att5tion to a fact :i* is ( v high importance 9 our inve/igation ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 man & all o!r animals4 ,man alone seems to be capable ( lay+ up :at may be t]m$ an ext]nal /ore ( intellectual weal?4 ,o!r animals 9 ! /ate ( nature make1 s f> z we "k1 no intellectual advances4 ,! bee con/ructs its cell1 ! bird builds its ne/ precisely z its prog5itors did 9 ! e>lie/ dawn ( hi/ory4 ,!re is a possibility t "s advance1 ?\gh a v small "o1 may be made by animals br\ght "u ! control ( man4 ,x is said1 = in/ance1 t a "y po9t] dog w sometimes po9t at game )\t any tra9+4 ,b 9 ?is case ! acquir$ k is cong5ital1 & is !re=e to be reg>d$ z a developm5t br\ght ab\t by sup]9t5d$ selection4 ,b ) man none ( ! acquir$ k is innate4 ,x is a treasure entirely ext]nal to himself until he has appropriat$ x by /udy ( "s k9d or o!r4 ,!re is no reason to believe t any advance 9 intellectual p[] has be5 made by man1 9 8 collective capacity1 s9ce 8 fir/ appe>ance on e>?4 ,v>i\s individuals h v>y+ p[]s1 b ^! diff]5ces are no result ( developm5t1 s9ce !y may (t5 be f\nd among memb]s ( ! same family1 :o h be5 subject$ to ! same discipl9e1 & enjoy$ ! same educational advantages4 ,x foll[s t ! gulf betwe5 ! ape & ! l[e/ type ( humanity is almo/ if n q z great z betwe5 ! ape & ! highe/ type4 ,! savage does n 9 any way help to bridge ov] t gulf4 ,b x is said t ! moral & intellectual faculties :i* man possesses1 & :i* he looks ^u z ! great badge ( 8 sup]iority1 are 9 tru? only diff]5t 9 degree & n 9 k9d f ^? possess$ by ! l[] animals4 ,b ! gr\nds on :i* ?is ass]tion is bas$ are wond]ful 9 _! t5uity4 ,dogs are possess$ ( self-consci\sness because !y sometimes emit s\nds 9 _! sleep f :i* x is conclud$ t !y dream4 ,footnote3 ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 i4 p4 #fb4 ,c we feel sure t an old dog1 ) an excell5t memory1 & "s p[] ( imag9ation1 z %[n by 8 dreams1 nev] reflects on 8 pa/ pleasures 9 ! *ace8 ,& ?is w\ld be a =m ( self- consci\sness4 ,our duty to our neighb\r is entirely ! result ( social in/9ct1 ,footnote3 ,desc5t ( ,man1 vol4 i4 pp4 #gj- #ajf4 & our duty to our ,god ! developm5t ( a belief :i* has its orig9 9 dreams4 ,footnote3 ,ibid1 p4 #ff4 ,x is impossible = u satisfactorily to meet ^! ass]tions ) a direct negative1 ,footnote3 ,!re are "s :o ?9k t ?is /atem5t may be directly refut$4 ,_! views w be f\nd 9 ! ,,qu>t]ly ,,reveiw1 ,july1 #ahga4 = ?is simple reason1 t we h no means :atev] ( kn[+ :at ideas are pres5t 9 ! m9ds ( ! l[] animals1 or ev5 :at communications pass betwe5 !m4 ,= any?+ we c tell to ! contr>y1 ! b>k ( a dog may be z articulate to 8 fell[-dogs z our spee* is to our fell[-m51 :ile on ! o!r h& to ! dog our spee* may be z in>ticulate z 8 b>k is to u4 ,b our total ignorance ( ! m5tal /ate ( animals :i* h be5 ! companions ( man f ! v e>lie/ ages1 our utt] inability to hold any conv]sation ) !m1 is 9 itself a pro( ( ! wide gulf t sep>ates !m f u4 ,put two m5 ( ! mo/ widely sep>at$ races on a des]t isle toge!r1 & a v little "t w elapse be=e !y are able to hold "s communication ) ea* o!r4 ,if !n ! diff]5ce betwe5 man & ! l[] animals 7 a diff]5ce ( ! same k9d z t betwe5 ! civiliz$ man & ! savage1 ?\gh great] 9 degree1 surely 9 s _m ?\s& ye>s some?+ might h be5 done to op5 a way = intellectual communication2 "s developm5t ( ! faculties ( ! l[] creatures w\ld h be5 p]ceiv$1 "s means ( int]*ang+ ideas w\ld h be5 discov]$4 ,if ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h _h = 8 companions on bo>d ! ,beagle1 in/ead ( ?ree ,fuegians1 z _m ,gorillas or ,*impanzees1 w\ld he1 at ! end ( ! voyage1 h be5 able to report any approximation1 at all to ,european m5tal *>act]i/ics1 or ev5 to ^? ( ! l[e/ savage8 ,b if ! diff]5ce be only "o ( degree1 "s approximation ought to h tak5 place4 ,z !n we c h no direct k ( ! moral & intellectual p[]s ( animals1 we c only judge ( !m f _! actions1 & o!r ext]nal signs4 ,"o great m>k ( diff]5ce has already be5 notic$4 ,man has1 o!r animals h n1 ! p[] ( lay+ up an ext]nal treasure ( intellectual acquirem5ts4 ,!n !re are c]ta9 arts :i* seem to be indisp5sable to man 9 8 l[e/ /ate--no savage is s l[ t he is utt]ly de/itute ( !m--no animal makes any pret5ce to !m4 ,su* are ! design+1 con/ruction1 & use ( tools4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 ass]ts t 9 c]ta9 cases--v r>e ones--apes h be5 kn[n to use /ones to break op5 nuts2 b ! m]e use ( a /one is a v diff]5t ?+ f ! conception & delib]ate =mation ( a tool1 h[ev] rude4 ,!n !re is ! k9dl+ ( fire1 & ! use ( x = ! purpose ( cook+2 & la/ly1 ! prep>ation & ! we>+ ( clo!s4 ,! tools or ! clo!s may be ( ! rude/ k9d1 ! tools may be =m$ f a fl9t1 & ! clo!s f b>k or sk91 b 9 ! prep>ation ( ea* !re are signs ( intellectual p[]1 ( :i* we f9d no indications :atev] 9 ! l[] animals4 ,ano!r important diff]5ce betwe5 man & all o!r animals lies 9 ! fact1 t :atev] an animal does x does p]fectly f ! fir/1 b x makes no improvem5ts4 ,a bird's fir/ ne/ is p]fect4 ,) man ! case is ! rev]se1 x is only by _m trials1 _m failures1 t he atta9s to skill 9 any op]ation1 b !n he goes =w>d4 ,arts improve f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,?is seems to %[ t ! faculties ( man diff] f ^? ( animals 9 k9d1 & n 9 degree only4 ,! "q also arises1 if man has be5 produc$ f an an?ropomorph\s ape by a process ( natural developm5t1 h[ is x t ! same process has n gone on 9 o!r l9es8 ,! dog1 ! horse1 & ! elephant are at lea/ equal 9 intellig5ce & sagacity to ! highe/ kn[n apes4 ,su* a developm5t f !m _c h proce$$ ?r\gh ! l9e ( ! apes4 ,if ^! diff]5t ord]s are at all connect$ x mu/ be ?r\gh "s remote common ance/or4 ,:y !n has ?is developm5t come to an abrupt t]m9ation 9 "s cases & n 9 all8 ,x may inde$ be said t ! dog & ! horse are indebt$ = _! intellig5ce to ! inh]it$ results ( long int]c\rse ) man1 b ?is _c be ! case ) ! elephant1 :i* is nev] kn[n to bre$ 9 captivity4 ,nor is !re any reason to believe t ! pres5t intellig5ce ( ! elephant is rec5tly develop$4 ,:y !n has x be5 arre/$ 9 its c\rse8 ,:e!r or n we assume ! !ory ( developm5t to be :olly or p>tially correct 9 ref]5ce to ! l[] animals1 we mu/ admit t x is true ( man1 b 9 a s5se totally diff]5t f t :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 sugge/s4 ,! developm5t ( :i* he is ! advocate is a developm5t ( race1 9 :i* ! advance made by ea* individual g5]ation is exce$+ly small1 :ile ! diff]5ce 9 remote g5]ations1 ! accumulat$ advance ( successive g5]ations1 is great4 ,9 man1 on ! contr>y1 !re is no reason :atev] to believe t !re has be5 any advance at all 9 ! race f ! v e>lie/ p]iods--t ei!r 9 physical p[] or intellectual ability ! pres5t g5]ation ( m51 tak5 z a :ole1 are 9 any way sup]ior to _! mo/ remote ance/ors4 ,! developm5t ( :i* man is especially capable is ! developm5t ( ! individual1 t developm5t be+ n physical1 b intellectual & moral1 & be+ 9 a great degree dep5d5t on ! w & p]sev]ance ( ! individual1 & v little on ext]nal circum/ances4 ,! result ( ^! individual developm5ts has be5 ! accumulation ( a va/ fund ( weal?1 useful arts1 sci5ces1 lit]ature1 :i* =m ! common possession ( ! :ole race1 b d n necess>ily imply ! slighte/ advance 9 any p>ticul> individual--t advance be+ dep5d5t1 n on ! possession ( ^? treasures1 b on ! use made ( !m4 ,9 ! case ( man !n developm5t does c]ta9ly exi/1 b x takes a l9e totally di/9ct f t :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 advocates1 & ?us =ms ano!r broad l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 man & ! mo/ advanc$ ( ! l[] animals4 ,x appe>s !n t ! faculties ( man diff] g5]ically f ^? ( ! animals4 ,a new ord] ( ?+s seems to h comm5c$ ) ! appe>ance ( man on ! e>?--an ord] 9 :i* ! highe/ place 0 to be ma9ta9$ by intellectual in/ead ( physical p[]4 ,no m]e process ( evolution !n w acc\nt = man's orig94 ,8 physical nature may h be5 =m$ 9 t way2 b we _c believe t 8 intellectual & moral nature 7 develop$ f any l[] creatures4 ,only "s special ,creative int]f]5ce c acc\nt = 8 exi/5ce4 ,s f> !n z x t5ds to negative ! cont9u$ op]ation ( ! ,creator1 ! !ory ( evolution is unt5able4 ,l t ( ,laplace1 x fails to give an adequate cause = exi/+ ph5om5a4 ,b x seems probable1 z w be se5 9 ! next *apt]1 t bo? !ories h 9 !m mu* ( tru?4 ,!y _c po9t out ! cause ( ! univ]se1 b !y may give u a m or less accurate view ( ! mann] 9 :i* t cause op]at$4 ,! facts br\ght =w>d by geologi/s h be5 %[n n to be incompatible ) int]pretations :i* ! ,mosaic ,record readily admits1 ?\gh !y conflict ) exi/+ notions ^u c]ta9 po9ts4 ,9 no "o !n ( ! ?ree sci5ces :i* h be5 suppos$ to be specially antagoni/ic to t record1 is !re any?+ to be f\nd :i* c be ma9ta9$ z a reasonable gr\nd = d\bt+ t t record is1 :at x has always be5 held to be by ! ,*ur*1 a direct ,revelation f ! ,creator4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,sci5ce ,a ,,help ,,to ,,int]pretation4 ,x is n[ cle> t !re is no?+ 9 ! ,mosaic ,record itself1 :i* is contradict$ by any sci5tific discov]y1 & t all ! alleg$ difficulties arise ei!r f int]pretations prematurely adopt$1 or f !ories :i*1 :5 c>efully exam9$1 are f\nd to be defective1 b :i* may nev]!less conta9 9 !m a l>ge elem5t ( tru?4 ,b if sci5tific discov]ies are available = ! refutation ( errone\s int]pretations1 ! probability is t :5 rightly und]/ood !y w help u to arrive at ! true mean+1 s9ce ! ,works ( ,god are1 beyond all o!r ?+s1 likely to ?r[ light on t portion ( ,8 ,^w 9 :i* ^? ,works are describ$4 ,nor are ! !ories to be pass$ ov]--! great] ! am\nt ( tru? :i* !y embody ! great] w be ! likelihood t !y w receive help f1 z well z ?r[ light ^u1 su* a record2 & ?us we %all h additional evid5ce t ! ,^w1 ! ,"w1 & ! ,intellect1 :i* has scrut9iz$ & int]pret$ ! ,"w1 are all d]iv$ f ! same s\rce4 ,we proce$1 !re=e1 to inquire :e!r ^! facts & !ories d 9 any way elucidate ! concise /atem5ts ( ,scripture1 s t we may be enabl$ to arrive at a some:at cle>] idea ( ! mean+ ( ?is mo/ anci5t docum5t1 & be enabl$ to ent]ta9 some:at m di/9ct views ( ! mann] 9 :i* ! ,div9e ,ar*itect saw fit to accompli% ,8 ,"w4 ,9 pursu+ ?is inve/igation two po9ts mu/ be c>efully kept 9 m9d2 ! fir/ is ! di/9ction betwe5 !ory & conjecture on ! "o h&1 & well asc]ta9$ facts on ! o!r4 ,we %all h mu* to d ) !ory1 & ) conjectural int]pretations ( obs]v$ facts4 ,^! c nev] /& on ! same foot+ z ! facts !mselves1 b c only be reg>d$ z inve/$ ) great] or less probability4 ,if x is f\nd t ^! !ories d expla9 _m obs]v$ facts1 t !y h>monize )1 & z x 7 dovetail into any propos$ int]pretation ( :i* ! words ( ,moses are capable2 & /ill m if t int]pretation actually completes ! defective po9ts ( ! !ories1 & supplies an adequate cause = facts hi!rto inexplicable--!n ! presumption is a v /rong "o t ! int]pretation ?us support$ is at all ev5ts an approximation to ! true "o4 ,! second po9t to be c>efully kept 9 m9d is ! v imp]fect /ate ( sci5tific k ev5 at ! pres5t "t4 ,z f> z ! matt] 9 h& is conc]n$1 ! facts :i* are asc]ta9$ beyond all possibility ( d\bt1 are v few4 ,new means ( inve/igation h v rec5tly be5 discov]$1 & z a consequ5ce new s\rces ( in=mation h be5 po9t$ out1 new fields ( rese>* h be5 laid op54 ,tw5ty ye>s ago ! spectroscope 0 a ?+ undreamt (--n[ a/ronom]s reckon x z ( equal value ) ! telescope1 :ile *emi/s f9d x indisp5sable to _! rese>*es4 ,:o %all say t ! next tw5ty ye>s may n witness "s inv5tion ( equal importance1 :i* %all ?r[ ^u u a fre% flood ( light f "s unexpect$ qu>t]8 ,if !n ! pr9ciple :i* has hi!rto be5 ma9ta9$ is correct1 t all our difficulties arise f int]pretations bas$ ^u insuffici5t k1 b ma9ta9$ z if ( equal au?ority ) ! record itself1 !re is a great dang] le/ aft] a "t ! same difficulty %\ld recur--t ! discov]y ( fre% facts may discr$it int]pretations bas$ ^u our pres5t k4 ,any int]pretation !re=e to :i* we may be l$ by ! sci5tific views at pres5t ent]ta9$1 mu/ be reg>d$ z only provisional & t5tative1 liable at any "t to be ei!r confirm$1 am5d$1 or reject$1 z fre% discov]ies may be made4 ,be=e we ent] ^u a detail$ exam9ation ( ! records ( ! sev]al days1 !re are two prelim9>y po9ts to :i* att5tion mu/ be direct$4 ,we %all h to make frequ5t ref]5ce to law4 ,x w be well t ! s5se 9 :i* ! t]m is us$ %\ld be made cle>4 ,! acc\nt ( ! ,fir/ ,day's ,"w w lead to ! rec5t !ory ( ! ,correlation ( ,=ces4 ,z ?is is probably a new subject to _m1 "s previ\s explanation ( x w be necess>y4 ,,section #a4 ,,( ,,law4 ,footnote3 ,?is subject is fully treat$ 9 ! ,duke ( ,argyll's ,reign ( ,law4 ,law1 9 its orig9al & prop] s5se1 is ! expression to an inf]ior ( ! w ( a sup]ior1 :i* ! inf]ior has x 9 8 p[] to obey or to resi/1 b resi/ance to :i* entails a p5alty m or less sev]e1 9 proportion to ! moral turpitude1 or ! injuri\s consequ5ces ( ! act ( disob$i5ce4 ,9 ?is its /rict s5se ! law c only exi/ 9 connection ) be+s possess$ ( reason to und]/& x1 ( p[] to obey x1 & ( free w to det]m9e :e!r !y w obey x or n4 ,:5 ^! ?ree conditions are abs5t law c h no exi/5ce4 ,b ! result ( p]fect law1 p]fectly obey$1 w\ld be p]fect ord]4 ,h5ce ! obs]vation ( p]fect ord] leads1 by a rev]s$ process1 to ! supposition ( "s law ( :i* t ord] is ! result4 ,h5ce arose 9 ! fir/ in/ance ! t]m natural laws1 or laws ( nature4 ,ev5ts 7 f\nd to foll[ ea* o!r 9 a uni=m way1 & ?is uni=mity 0 ?us s\ght to be acc\nt$ =4 ,probably 9 ! m9ds ( ^? by :om ! ^w 0 ?us appli$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance ,nature 0 n ! m]e ab/raction x is n[1 b an unse5 p[]--,deity or subord9ate to ,deity-- work+ consci\sly & ) design4 ,footnote3 ,mr4 ,d>w91 especially 9 ! ,orig9 ( ,species1 seems cont9ually to betray ! exi/5ce ( ?is feel+ 9 8 own m9d4 ,?\gh he f "t to "t rem9ds u t by ,nature he means no?+ b ! aggregate ( sequ5ces ( ev5ts1 or laws1 he yet frequ5tly speaks ( ,nature 9 a way :i* is applicable only to an intellig5t work]4 ,b ?is feel+ has disappe>$1 & n[ we are told t natural law is ! obs]v$ sequ5ce ( ev5ts4 ,9 ?is case1 !n1 ! true mean+ ( ! ^w is entirely lo/--x is no long] possible to speak ( law z ! cause ( any ev5t4 ,b ! old s5se 9 :i* ! ^w 0 appli$ to natural ph5om5a _h 9 x f> m ( tru? ?an ! mod]n "o4 ,x 0 ! imp]fect expression ( ! great tru? t ,god is a ,god ( ord]--t !re is a uni=m proc$ure 9 ,8 works1 because 9 ,him !re is no *ange1 no caprice4 ,& x is ( great importance to u t we %\ld realize ?is tru?1 because we are dep5d5t ^u ! laws ( nature e mom5t ( our lives4 ,e consci\s act is p]=m$ "u ! conviction t ! natural =ces :i* t act calls =? w op]ate 9 a c]ta9 prescrib$ mann]4 ,b ?is conviction1 ?\gh x re/ricts u to ! limits ( ! possible1 does n fur!r imp$e ! fre$om ( our w4 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t we c *oose :at action we w p]=m1 :at =ces we w call =? = t purpose1 & :at direction we w give !m4 ,sometimes we c arrange our =ces s t !y w cont9ue to act = a consid]able "t )\t any int]v5tion f u2 9 o!r cases cont9u$ int]f]5ce is necess>y4 ,b 9 all ^! cases !re is no int]ruption ( ! law by :i* ! work+ ( ^! =ces is regulat$4 ,we h !n a limit$ control ov] ^! =ces1 & yet !y are un*angeable 9 !mselves1 & 9 _! mode ( action4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we /rive to asc5d f our own works to ^? ( ,god1 we c no long] reg>d ^! =ces z absolutely un*angeable4 ,if !y are practically s1 x is because x is ,8 ,w t !y %\ld be s4 ,x is ?is ,w !n :i* has its expression 9 ! s-call$ laws ( nature4 ,! t]m n[ assumes a s5se ak9 to1 ?\gh n id5tical )1 its orig9al e?ical s5se4 ,x is no long] a rule impos$ by a sup]ior on an inf]ior1 b ! rule by :i* ! ,supreme ,be+ sees fit to ord] ,8 own ,"w4 ,:ile h[ev] we admit ! possibility ( law ( ?is k9d be+ *ang$1 we h no reason to believe t 9 ! univ]se ) :i* we h to d any su* *ange has ev] tak5 place4 ,b ?is does n preclude ! possibility ( ,div9e int]f]5ce 9 ! processes ei!r ( ,creation or ( ,provid5ce4 ,new =ces may f "t to "t be suppli$1 new directions may be giv5 to exi/+ =ces1 )\t any v>iation 9 ! laws by :i* ! action ( ^? =ces is regulat$4 ,& if we believe t ,creation 0 a progressive act1 x is r probable ?an o!rwise t su* int]f]5ces %\ld take place4 ,= a long p]iod p]haps ! uni=mity ( ! "w might lead u to =get ! ,be+ :o 0 work+2 b times w\ld arrive :5 def9ite /ages ( ! "w 7 accompli%$1 :5 high] developm5ts ( be+ 7 r5d]$ possible1 & 9 ! introduction ( ^? high] developm5ts a some?+ w\ld be se5 :i* c\ld n be ! result ( ! processes ) :i* we _h already become acqua9t$4 ,su* int]f]5ce w\ld n 9 any way ju/ify ! supposition t ! designs ( ! ,au?or ( ,nature 7 *ang$1 or t ,8 orig9al plan _h prov$ defective4 ,! m natural inf]5ce w\ld be t !y 7 a "p ( ! plan f ! fir/1 b t ! "t = !m 0 n !n come4 ,x w be se5 9 ! sequel t 9 all probability _m ( ! special acts ( ,creation1 m5tion$ 9 ! ,mosaic ,record1 are int]f]5ces ( ?is k9d2 t = long p]iods ( "t matt]s advanc$ 9 a uni=m mann]2 t ! sequ5ce ( ev5ts 0 su* z our own exp]i5ce w\ld lead u to anticipate2 b t ^! p]iods 7 sep>at$ f "o ano!r by ! introduction ( new =ces & new results4 ,( ! =m] we may speak !n z c>ri$ on "u ! op]ation ( natural laws2 ! o!r may be describ$ z special int]f]5ces n antagoni/ic1 b supplem5t>y1 to natural laws1 & =m+ "p ( ! orig9al design4 ,,section #b4 ,,! ,,correlation ,,( ,,=ces4 ,footnote3 ,= full] in=mation on ?is subject1 ,grove's ,correlation ( ! ,physical ,=ces1 or ,tyndall's ,lectures on ,heat consid]$ z a ,mode ( ,motion1 may be consult$4 ,x has long be5 kn[n t heat & light are closely connect$ toge!r4 ,! accumulation ( a c]ta9 am\nt ( heat is always accompani$ by ! appe>ance ( light4 ,b :5 x 0 f\nd t ! light c\ld be sep>at$ f ! heat by v>i\s means1 x seem$ possible t ! two ph5om5a 7 simply associat$4 ,x is n[1 h[ev]1 asc]ta9$ t light & heat are id5tical 9 _! nature1 & t a va/ numb] ( o!r ph5om5a-- electricity1 galvanism1 magnetism1 *emical action1 & gravitation1 z well z light & heat1 are diff]5t manife/ations ( "o & ! same ?+1 :i* is call$ =ce or en]gy4 ,9 a great numb] ( cases x is possible = u1 by ! use ( appropriate means & app>atus1 to trans=m ^! manife/ations1 s z to make ! same =ce assume a v>iety ( =ms4 ,?us motion sudd5ly arre/$ becomes heat4 ,a rifle-ball :5 x /rikes ! t>get becomes v hot4 ,! heat produc$ by ! concussion aga9/ an iron %ield is f\nd suffici5t to ignite ! p[d] 9 "s ( ! newly inv5t$ projectiles4 ,! be/ illu/ration1 h[ev]1 is to be obta9$ f galvanism4 ,by means ( ! ,voltaic batt]y we set free a c]ta9 am\nt ( =ce1 & we c employ x at pleasure to produce an int5se light 9 ! electric lamp1 or to melt metals :i* resi/ ! greate/ heat ( our furnaces2 x w conv]t a b> ( iron into a magnet1 or decompose wat] into its con/itu5ts1 oxyg5 & hydrog51 or sep>ate a metal f its comb9ation ) oxyg54 ,b 9 all ^! processes no new =ce is produc$--! =ce set free is un*angeable 9 itself1 & we _c increase its am\nt4 ,ow+ to ! imp]fection ( our in/rum5ts & our skill a "p ( x w always escape f our control1 & be lo/ to u1 b n de/roy$4 ,:51 h[ev]1 due all[ance is made = ?is loss1 ! results produc$ are always 9 exact proportion to ! am\nt ( =ce orig9ally set free4 ,?us1 if we employ x to decompose wat]1 ! am\nt ( wat] decompos$ always be>s an exact proportion to ! am\nt ( metal :i* has be5 oxidiz$ 9 ! cells ( ! batt]y4 ,?is =ce p]vades ev]y?+ :i* comes )9 ! cognizance ( our s5ses4 ,x exi/s 9 :at are t]m$ ! elem5t>y sub/ances ( :i* ! cru/ ( ! e>? is compos$4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( x seems to be requir$ to ma9ta9 !m 9 ! =ms 9 :i* we "k !m2 = 9 _m cases1 :5 two ( !m are made to comb9e1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( =ce is set free1 :i* commonly makes its appe>ance z heat4 ,?is seems to indicate t a less am\nt ( =ce suffices to ma9ta9 ! comp\nd body ?an 0 requisite = its sep>ate elem5ts4 ,?us1 :5 oxyg5 & hydrog5 are comb9$ to =m wat] int5se heat is produc$4 ,if we wi% to dissolve ! union1 & re/ore ! oxyg5 & hydrog5 to a gase\s /ate1 we mu/ re/ore ! =ce :i* has be5 lo/4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 mu/ be done by means ( electricity1 z heat produces a diff]5t *ange--conv]t+ ! wat] into vap\r1 b n dissolv+ ! union betwe5 its elem5ts4 ,=ce1 9 ! %ape ( heat1 det]m9es ! condition 9 :i* all inorganic bodies exi/4 ,9 mo/ cases we c make any giv5 elem5t assume ! =m ( a solid1 a fluid1 or a vap\r1 by ! addition or subtraction ( heat4 ,?us if a p\nd ( ice at #cb degrees be expos$ to heat1 x w gradually melt--b ! wat] produc$ w rema9 un*ang$ 9 temp]ature till ! la/ p>ticle ( ice is melt$--!n x w beg9 to rise 9 temp]ature2 &1 if ! supply ( heat be uni=m1 x w rea* a temp]ature ( #agb degrees 9 exactly ! same "t z 0 occupi$ 9 melt+ ! ice4 ,?us !n ! =ce :i* 0 appli$ to ! ice z heat passes into "s o!r =m s long z ! ice is be+ melt$--x is no long] p]ceptible by ! s5ses--we only see its effect 9 ! *ange f ! solid to ! fluid =m4 ,& ?is result is br\ght ab\t by a def9ite quantity ( =ce4 ,ea* ( ! inorganic mat]ials ( :i* ! cru/ ( ! e>? is compos$ seems ?us to require 9 its composition a def9ite am\nt ( =ce4 ,! life ( vegetables is develop$ 9 ! =mation ( fre% comp\nds ( inorganic matt] & =ce4 ,no vegetable c ?rive )\t sunlight1 ei!r direct or diffus$4 ,?is supplies ! =ce :i* ! plant comb9es ) c>bon1 hydrog51 & o!r elem5ts to =m woody fibre1 />*1 oils1 & o!r vegetable products4 ,:5 we k9dle a fire1 we dissolve ! union :i* has ?us be5 =m$--! c>bon & hydrog5 ent] into simpl] comb9ations :i* require less =ce to ma9ta9 !m1 & ! sup]flu\s =ce supplies u ) light & heat4 ,! life ( animals is develop$ by a process exactly ! rev]se ( vegetable life4 ,x is ma9ta9$ by ! de/ruction ( ! comp\nds :i* ! vegetable _h =m$4 ,^! comp\nds are tak5 into ! body z food1 & aft] und]go+ c]ta9 modifications & arrangem5ts are f9ally decompos$4 ,( ! =ce ?us set free a "p makes its appe>ance z heat1 ma9ta9+ an ev5 temp]ature 9 ! body1 & ano!r "p supplies ! p[] by virtue ( :i* ! muscles1 c41 act4 ,no manife/ation ( animal life is possible except by =ce ?us set free4 ,x seems all b c]ta9 t we _c ?9k a s+le ?\ght )\t ! decomposition ( an equival5t am\nt ( ! bra94 ,x mu/ n1 h[ev]1 be conclud$ t =ce & life are id5tical4 ,=ce seems to be only ! in/rum5t ( :i* ! high] pr9ciple ( life makes use 9 its manife/ations4 ,=ce !n p]vades ! :ole univ]se s f> z x is cognizable by our s5ses4 ,b we _c conceive ( =ce z act+1 )\t at ! same "t conceiv+ ( some?+ on :i* t =ce acts4 ,t some?+1 :atev] x may be1 we designate matt]4 ,we h n ! slighte/ idea ( :at matt] really is--no man has ev] yet succe$$ 9 sep>at+ x f its comb9ation ) =ce4 ,ev5 if success 7 possible1 :i* seems v improbable1 x is n likely t matt] by itself w\ld be disc]nible by any ( our s5ses4 ,we "k t two ( !m1 sight & he>+1 enable u to p]ceive c]ta9 k9ds ( motion1 i4 e4 manife/ations ( =ce1 & ?is is 9 all probability ! case ) ! re/ ( !m4 ,! exi/5ce ( matt] !n is n kn[n by sci5tific pro( b by inf]5ce4 ,our belief 9 x arises f some?+ 9 ! con/itution ( our m9ds :i* makes x a necess>y inf]5ce4 ,!re is "o m po9t 9 ref]5ce to =ce :i* mu/ be notic$4 ,x is inde/ructible1 b x is capable ( :at is t]m$ degradation4 ,x may exi/ 9 v>i\s int5sities & quantities1 & a small quantity ( =ce ( a high] int5sity may be *ang$ into a l>g] quantity ( =ce at a l[] int5sity4 ,9 ! in/ance above giv5 ( ! union ( oxyg5 & hydrog51 heat is giv5 out1 b heat does n suffice to dissolve t union4 ,! =ce mu/ be suppli$ 9 ! m int5se =m ( ,voltaic ,electricity4 ,b to rev]se ?is process seems impossible = u4 ,z1 h[ev]1 ?is is cle>ly expla9$ 9 a previ\s volume ( ?is s]ies1 ,footnote3 ,c we ,believe 9 ,miracles8 p4 #aeb4 x is n necess>y to dwell ^u x at l5g?4 ,we may conclude !n t ! :ole mat]ial univ]se is built up ( matt] & =ce 9 v>i\s comb9ations1 b we c =m no conception ( :at ^! two ?+s are 9 !mselves2 !y are only kn[n to u by ! effects produc$ by _! union 9 v>i\s proportions4 ,,section #c4 ,,! ,,beg9n+4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! heav5 & ! e>?4 ,& ! e>? 0 desolate & void1 & d>kness ^u ! face ( ! deep4 ,^! words c>ry u back to a "t indef9itely remote4 ,et]nity & ,inf9ity are ideas :i* we _c grasp1 & yet we _c avoid !m4 ,if we /ret* our imag9ation to conceive ( ! mo/ di/ant possible p]iod ( "t--! f>!/ po9t ( space-- /ill we feel t !re mu/ h be5 some?+ be=e ! "o1 t !re mu/ be some?+ beyond ! o!r2 & yet we _c conceive ( t :i* has no beg9n+1 or no b\nd>ies4 ,! fir/ v]se m>ks out = u z x 7 a def9ite portion ( ?is limitless ocean4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 is ! po9t f :i* "t beg9s to run--! heav5s & ! e>?1 ! visible univ]se beyond :i* our inve/igations _c ext5d4 ,:e!r o!r manife/ations ( ,god h tak5 place 9 ,et]nity1 or o!r sy/ems ( worlds n[ exi/ 9 inf9ity1 we are n told4 ,! heav5s & ! e>? !n are to be consid]$ z compris+ ! visible univ]se1 sun1 moon1 & />s1 & _! concomitants1 :i* ! eye surveys1 or :i* sci5tific rese>* br+s to our k4 ,all are compreh5d$ 9 ?is "o gr\p by ,moses1 & rec5t spectroscopic inve/igations tea* u t "o g5]al "* p]vades ! :ole4 ,e /> ^: light is p[]ful en\gh to be analyz$1 is n[ kn[n to compreh5d 9 its mat]ials a great] or less numb] ( ^? elem5t>y sub/ances ( :i* ! e>? & ! sun are compos$4 ,:e!r any ( ^! worlds 7 call$ into p]fect exi/5ce at once1 or :e!r !y all pass$ ?r\gh v>i\s /ages ( developm5t1 we are n told1 t 9 "s ( !m ! process ( developm5t is only comm5c+1 :ile 9 o!rs v>i\s /ages ( x are 9 progress1 is1 z w be se5 pres5tly1 highly probable4 ,b ! n>rative takes no f>!r notice ( any?+ beyond our own gr\p ( worlds1 & proce$s to describe ! condition ( ! e>? 7probably includ+ ! :ole sol> sy/em7 at ! "t at :i* x comm5ces4 ,its words imply su* a /ate ( ?+s z corresponds to :at has be5 said 9 ! prec$+ section ( matt]1 ap>t f =ce4 ,no bett] words c\ld probably h be5 *os5 = ! purpose4 ,! only ^w :i* seems to convey any def9ite idea is 9 ! foll[+ clause1 :]e wat] is m5tion$4 ,until =ce 0 9 op]ation wat] c\ld n exi/4 ,probably ,/4 ,augu/9e's int]pretation is ! correct "o--! confus$ mass is call$ alt]nately e>? & wat]1 because ?\gh x 0 z yet nei!r "o ?+ nor ! o!r1 x conta9$ ! elem5ts ( bo?4 ,& ! ^w wat] express$ its pla/ic "*4 7,de ,g5esi ad ,lit]am ,lib] ,imp]fectus1 ,section #ac1 #ad47 ,"o o!r important po9t 9 ^! words is1 t !y negative ! et]nal exi/5ce ( matt]4 ,! second v]se describes x z exi/+1 because x _h be5 call$ into exi/5ce at ! bidd+ ( an ,almighty ,creator1 z describ$ 9 ! fir/ v]se4 ,,section #d4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,day4 ,& ! ,_s ( ,god 707 brood+ ^u ! face ( ! wat]4 ,& ,god said1 ',let light be' & light 04 ,& ,god saw ! light t x 0 good1 & ,god divid$ ! light f ! d>kness4 ,& ,god call$ ! light ,day1 & ! d>kness ,he call$ ,night4 ,& !re 0 ev5+ & !re 0 morn+1 "o day4 ,! fir/ clause seems to belong r to ! p]iod ( action ?an to ! prec$5t indef9ite p]iod ( *aos1 & may !re=e be tak5 z m>k+ ! transition f ! beg9n+ to ! fir/ day1 bett] ?an z belong+ to t beg9n+ itself4 ,! ,jewi% int]pretation ( ! clause is unt5able 9 ! light ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,correlation ( ! ,physical ,=ces4 ,till =ce 0 evolv$ !re c\ld be nei!r air nor motion1 & s no w9d4 ,! words ( c\rse be> on _! face an ass]tion ( ! action ( ! et]nal ,_s 9 ! "w ( ,creation2 b :5 we exam9e ! position :i* !y occupy1 x seems highly probable t !y h beyond ?is a mu* m def9ite signification4 ,9 !m a sort ( localiz$ action is ascrib$ to ! ,_s--a some?+ v diff]5t f ! idea convey$ by ! (t5-repeat$ phrase1 ,& ,god said4 ,:at t some?+ may be x is h>d = u to conceive1 h>d] /ill to express1 b ! foll[+ consid]ations may p]haps ?r[ "s glimm]+ ( light ^u ! matt]3-- #a4 ,!re mu/ be "s po9t 9 :i* ! ,creator comes into contact1 z x 71 ) ,8 creature--a po9t at :i* ,8 ,w fir/ clo!s itself 9 ! =m ( a physical fact--! po9t to :i* all second causes lead up1 & at :i* !y lose !mselves 9 ! "o fir/ cause1 ! ,w ( ,god4 ,n[ ?is is :at all sy/ems ( philosophy require z _! />t+-po9t1 b x is entirely out ( _! unaid$ rea*4 ,b ^! words supply t indisp5sable desid]atum4 #b4 ,^! words come 9 imm$iate connexion ) ! evolution ( light4 ,light is ?r\gh\t ! ,bible intimately connect$ ) ! ,deity4 ,x is ,8 *os5 emblem4 ,god is light4 ,x is ,8 abode4 ,he dwelle? 9 ! light inaccessible4 ,x is ! symbol ( ,8 pres5ce1 & ! means by :i* ,creation is quick5$4 ,9 ,him 0 life2 & ! life 0 ! light ( m54 #c4 ,light1 z we n[ "k1 is only "o =m ( ! =ce by :i* ! univ]se is upheld4 ,b ! ph5om5a ( light lead u to inf] ! exi/5ce ( :at we call ,e!r1 :i* is suppos$ to be a p]fectly ela/ic fluid1 impond]able1 & 9 fact exempt f almo/ all ! conditions to :i* matt]1 z we "k x1 is subject1 except t ,,possibly x (f]s resi/ance to bodies mov+ 9 x4 ,footnote3 ,encke's comet %[s signs ( ret>dation1 z if mov+ 9 a resi/+ m$ium2 b x is possible t t resi/ance may n arise f ! e!r1 b f ! nebul\s envelope ( ! sun4 ,?is fluid mu/ p]vade ! :ole univ]se1 s9ce x br+s to u ! light ( ! mo/ di/ant /> or nebula4 ,z x is ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* light is convey$1 & z light is n[ kn[n to be id5tifi$ ) =ce ( all k9ds1 x seems by no means improbable t x is ! m$ium ?r\gh :i* all =ce acts4 ,^! words1 !n1 seem to sugge/ ! idea t ! brood+ ( ! ,_s may h "s connexion ) ! =mation ( t e!r :i* is indisp5sable to ! manife/ation ( light1 & probably to ! op]ations ( all =ce2 & t1 if s1 ! e!r may also be ! po9t at :i*1 & ! m$ium ?r\gh :i*1 ,_s acts ^u ,matt]4 ,on ! "o h&1 ! facts t =ce1 z us$1 is con/antly 9 process ( degradation1 & t x is also con/antly p\r$ =? into space f ! ,sun & ,planets 9 ! %ape ( heat1 & s lo/ to our sy/em1 seem to indicate t fre% supplies ( x are cont9ually ne$$2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! supply ( t ne$ seems to be impli$ 9 ! words1 ,by ,him all ?+s consi/4 ,uphold+ all ?+s by ! ^w ( ,8 ,p[]4 ,if ?is be s1 we h a po9t up to :i* natural laws may possibly be trac$1 b at :i* !y m]ge 9 ! action ( ! ,w ( ,god1 :i* is beyond our inve/igation4 ,"h1 !n1 is a solution ( t great difficulty1 :i* ^? :o are mo/ famili> ) ! laws ( nature h felt 9 reconcil+ ! exi/5ce ( ^? laws ) a p>ticul> ,provid5ce & ) ! efficacy ( ,pray]1 s9ce we h "h ! po9t at :i* all =ces & all laws beg9 to act1 & at :i*1 !re=e1 ! am\nt ( ! =ce1 & ! direction ( its action1 are capable ( unlimit$ modification1 )\t any alt]ation (1 or int]f]5ce )1 ! laws by :i* t action is regulat$1 & consequ5tly )\t ! dang] ( introduc+ confusion into ! ,univ]se4 ,& ,god said1 ',let light be' & light 04 ,x has already be5 po9t$ out t ^! words diff] f ^? us$ 9 describ+ any o!r creative act4 ,!y are ! only ones :i* seem to imply an in/antane\s fulfilm5t ( ! comm&4 ,ano!r matt] :i* has long s9ce be5 obs]v$1 is _! exact h>mony ) :at sci5ce tea*es u respect+ ! nature ( light4 ,light is n a mat]ial sub/ance1 b a mode ( motion4 ,x consi/s ( v small undulations propagat$ ) inconceivable velocity4 ,h5ce ( x1 & ( x alone1 x c\ld n be correctly said t x 0 creat$4 ,to say t ,god made light w\ld be inexact4 ,! words :i* are us$ exactly suit ! circum/ances ( ! case4 ,b ! discov]y ( ! correlation ( =ces has giv5 to ^! words a mu* m ext5d$ significance1 :ile at ! same "t x furni%es a satisfactory reason = _! occurr5ce at ?is p>ticul> po9t4 ,s long z !y 7 suppos$ to ref] to light simply1 !y seem$ out ( place4 ,light 0 n app>5tly ne$$ till !re 7 organisms to ^: exi/5ce x 0 ess5tial4 ,b we n[ "k t to call =? light1 0 to call =ce 9 all its modifications into action4 ,x has be5 se5 t matt] & =ce are ! two elem5ts out ( :i* ev]y?+ t is disc]nible by our s5ses is built up4 ,! =mation ( matt] has already be5 describ$ 9 ! orig9al act ( creation4 ,b till =ce also 0 evolv$1 matt] mu/ ( necessity rema9 9 t *aotic /ate to :i* v]se #b ref]s4 ,to matt] is n[ add$ t :i* 0 requir$ to enable ! progressive "w ( ,creation to be c>ri$ on4 ,! fir/ result ( ?is w\ld probably be t ! =ce ( gravitation w\ld beg9 to act1 :ile1 f :at ! telescope reveals to u1 we may conjecture1 t at ! same "t ! :ole incoh]5t mass w\ld be p]meat$ ) light & heat1 & "s1 at all ev5ts1 ( ^? elem5t>y sub/ances ) :i* *emi/ry makes u acqua9t$ w\ld be develop$1 & ! :ole mass1 act$ ^u by ! mutual attraction ( its sev]al p>ticles1 w\ld beg9 to move t[>ds1 & accumulate ab\t its c5tre ( gravity4 ,x has be5 %[n t ,laplace's ,nebul> ,hypo!sis1 :5 sub/itut$ = ! action ( a ,creator1 broke d[n 9 ?ree important po9ts4 ,( ^! ! fir/ two 71 t x fail$ to give any acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( matt]1 & ( ! fir/ comm5cem5t ( ! action ( ,gravitation4 ,^! two defects are completely suppli$ by ! fir/ ?ree v]ses ( ,g5esis4 ,we may probably see 9 ! ,great ,nebula 9 ,orion an illu/ration ( ! condition ( ! sol> sy/em :5 light fir/ made its appe>ance4 ,x is v probable t t nebula has only v rec5tly become visible4 ,galileo exam9$ ,orion v c>efully ) 8 newly inv5t$ telescope1 b makes no m5tion ( x4 ,footnote3 ,webb's ,cele/ial ,objects1 p4 #bee1 note4 ,at pres5t x is visible to ! unaid$ eye ev5 9 ,engl&1 :]e ! atmosph]ic conditions & its l[ altitude are alike unfav\rable4 ,9 ,italy1 :]e ! atmosph]e is rem>kably pure1 & ! m]idian altitude is great] by #g #a_/b degrees1 x mu/ be a conspicu\s object1 & _h x be5 s at ! "t :5 ,galileo 0 obs]v+ ! con/ellation1 x c\ld h>dly h fail$ to attract 8 att5tion4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 notic$ 9 #afah4 ,x is a va/1 %apeless mass1 hav+ its b\nd>ies 9 "s p>ts tol]ably well def9$1 :ile 9 o!r directions x fades away imp]ceptibly2 its light is v fa9t1 & :5 exam9$ by ! spectroscope is f\nd to proce$ f a gase\s s\rce4 ,pr(essor ,sec*i has trac$ x ?r\gh an ext5t ( #e degrees4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ t at su* a di/ance ! semi-diamet] ( ! e>?'s orbit subt5ds an angle less ?an #a in*1 "s idea ( ! enorm\s ext5t ( ?is mass ( gas may be =m$4 ,draw+s ( x h be5 made f "t to "t by our mo/ di/+ui%$ a/ronom]s1 :i* are f\nd to diff] consid]ably4 ,great all[ance mu/1 ( c\rse1 be made = diff]5ces 9 ! telescopic p[] employ$1 & 9 ! visual p[]s ( ! sev]al obs]v]s1 b ! diff]5ces 9 ! draw+s seem too great to be expla9$ by ^? s\rces ( inaccuracy alone1 & actual *ange 9 ! nebula is !re=e /rongly suspect$4 ,ano!r nebula ( simil> "*1 9 :i* *anges are suspect$1 is t :i* surr\nds ! /> ,a 9 ! con/ellation ,argo4 ,?is is be+ v c>efully wat*$ ?r\gh ! great telescope rec5tly erect$ at ,melb\rne1 & f ! obs]vations made !re1 x is probable t fre% light may soon be ?r[n on ! subject4 ,! next act record$ is1 t ,god divid$ ! light f ! d>kness4 ,?is is "o ( ^? passages :i* we are v apt to pass ov] z unimportant1 )\t giv+ ourselves any tr\ble to asc]ta9 :at !y mean1 or ask+ if !y may n give valuable in=mation1 or supply "s important h9ts4 ,x is evid5t1 h[ev]1 t 9 ^! words "s act ( ! ,creator is impli$1 b :5 we inquire :at t act 01 ! answ] does n lie imm$iately on ! surface4 ,d>kness is simply ! abs5ce ( light4 ,x _c !re=e be said t ,god divid$ ! light f ! d>kness 9 ! same s5se 9 :i* x is said t a %eph]d divide? 8 %eep f ! goats4 ,betwe5 light & d>kness t division exi/s 9 ! v nature ( ?+s1 & x c\ld n !re=e be said to be made by a def9ite act4 ,nor aga91 is !re any %>p well-def9$ b\nd>y set betwe5 light & d>kness1 s t we c say1 ,"h light beg9s1 "h d>kness ends4 ,! v opposite is ! case1 ! "o bl5ds imp]ceptibly into ! o!r4 ,?is !n _c be ! mean+ ( ! words4 ,b ! next v]se guides u to ! real mean+4 ,& ,god call$ ! light ,day1 & ! d>kness ,he call$ ,night4 ,! division ( light f d>kness !n is ! alt]nation ( night & day4 ,:5 ,god divid$ ! light f ! d>kness ,he made provision = t alt]nation4 ,b we "k t t alt]nation is ! result ( ! e>?'s rotation ^u its axis1 s t ! divid+ ! light f ! d>kness evid5tly implies ! communication to ! accumulat$ mass ( ! motion ( rotation4 ,x does n cle>ly appe> 9 ! acc\nt ( ! fir/ day1 :e!r ?is alt]nation ( day & night took effect imm$iately4 ,c]ta9ly ! introduction ( x "h does n prove t x did s foll[4 ,= !re 0 no way 9 :i* ! fact ( ! e>?'s rotation c\ld be directly communicat$ to ^? = :om ! n>rative 0 prim>ily int5d$4 ,!y 7 ignorant ( ! sph]ical =m ( ! e>?1 & s c\ld n h atta*$ any idea :atev] to a /atem5t t x revolv$ ab\t its axis4 ,! only way !n 9 :i* ,moses c\ld speak ( t rotation 0 9 connexion ) "s ph5om5on result+ f x4 ,! only su* ph5om5on ) :i* ! ,jews 7 acqua9t$ 0 ! alt]nation ( day & night4 ,!re 0 !re=e no way 9 :i* ,moses c\ld record ! fact except ) ref]5ce to ?is ultimate effect4 ,x does n foll[ t t effect 0 imm$iate4 ,beside ! rotation ( ! e>?1 ano!r condition is requir$4 ,! light mu/ come f a s+le s\rce1 & s :5 ! act is record$ by :i* t condition is effect$1 ! division ( light & d>kness is aga9 notic$4 ,! sun & ! moon are set 9 ! firmam5t ( heav5 to divide ! light f ! d>kness4 ,b t division 0 pot5tially effect$ :5 ! motion ( rotation 0 giv54 ,! ?ird defect notic$ 9 ! ,nebul> ,hypo!sis 01 t x did n acc\nt = ?is motion ( rotation4 ,?is defect1 !n1 l ! two prec$+ ones1 is suppli$ by ! ,mosaic ,record1 & ! hypo!sis ?us supplem5t$ becomes complete4 ,x is capable ( giv+ a satisfactory acc\nt ( ! ph5om5a to :i* x applies4 ,b z x is only a !ory1 & only po9ts out a way 9 :i* ! univ]se might h be5 con/ruct$1 x does n 9 itself exclude ! possibility t "s o!r plan might 9 fact h be5 adopt$1 & we h n[ to exam9e into ! reasons = suppos+ t x 0 ! me?od :i* 0 actually employ$4 ,^! divide !mselves into two classes3--^? :i* r5d] x probable t simil> processes are n[ 9 progress2 & ^? :i* r5d] x probable t ! sol> sy/em has pass$ ?r\gh su* a process4 ,x has already be5 po9t$ out t ! great nebulae 9 ,orion & ,argo seem to repres5t ! condition ( our sy/em on ! fir/ appe>ance ( light1 & t *anges are /rongly suspect$ to be tak+ place 9 bo?2 b we _c expect to trace any s+le nebula ?r\gh ! /ages ( its developm5t1 s9ce t developm5t mu/ occupy untold ages4 ,all we c d is to inquire if !re are o!r nebulas :i* seem to be 9 m advanc$ /ages4 ,x mu/ at once be recogniz$1 t if ?is be "o ( ! processes n[ go+ on1 x is n ! only "o4 ,!re are _m nebulas :i* h assum$ =ms = :i* ! law ( gravitation1 z we "k x1 w n enable u to acc\nt--su* z ! ,r+ ,nebula 9 ,lyra1 ! ,dumb-bell ,nebula 9 ,vulpecula1 or ! d\ble ,horse%oe 9 ,scutum ,sobieski4 ,b "s nebulas c be f\nd :i* arrange !mselves s z to illu/rate ! /ages ?r\gh :i* we may suppose our _w to h pass$4 ,^! are *iefly to be f\nd among ! planet>y nebulse1 :i* 9 a small telescope exhibit a fa9t circul> disc1 b 9 l>g] in/rum5ts frequ5tly %[ consid]able v>ieties ( /ructure4 ,"s ( !m pres5t ! appe>ance ( a cond5sation ( light 9 ! c5tre1 :i* gradually fades (f2 9 o!rs !re is a bright r+ surr\nd+ ! c5tral spot1 b sep>at$ f x by a d>k] space4 ,! ,nebula ,&rom$a #difdg1 ,footnote3 ,! numb]s are ^? giv5 by ,sir ,j4 ,h]sohel4 z se5 9 ,mr4 ,lassel's f\r-foot reflector appe>s z a lum9\s spot1 surr\nd$ by two lum9\s r+s1 :i*1 9 ! m p[]ful in/rum5t ( ,"l ,bosse1 comb9e into a spiral4 ,its spectrum is gase\s1 ) "o l9e indicat+ "s elem5t unkn[n to u4 ,9 ano!r nebula1 ,draco #dcgc1 !re is a d\ble spectrum1 ! "o gase\s1 indicat+ ! pres5ce ( hydrog51 nitrog51 & b>ium2 ! o!r1 app>5tly f ! nucleus1 cont9u\s1 & s repres5t+ a solid or fluid mass1 b s fa9t t ! l9es belong+ to p>ticul> elem5ts _c be di/+ui%$4 ,footnote3 ,hugg+1 ,philosophical ,transactions1 #ahfd4 ,bridanus #hdf1 & ,&rom$a #aaf1 are probably simil> nebulee occupy+ diff]5t positions ) ref]5ce to u4 ,!y bo? give a cont9u\s spectrum4 ,! "o 9 ,bridanus is describ$ z an elev5? magnitude />1 /&+ 9 ! c5tre ( a circul> nebula1 itself plac$ c5trally on a l>g] & fa9t] circle ( hazy light4 ,footnote3 ,lassell1 quot$ 9 ,webb's ,cele/ial ,objects1 p4 #bbg4 ,! nebula 9 ,&rom$a assumes a l5ticul> =m2 t 9 ,bridanus w\ld probably pres5t ! same appe>ance if we saw x edge-ways4 ,! =m] has probably increas$ 9 brilliancy 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies4 ,mr4 ,webb rem>ks ( x1 ,x is s pla9 to ! nak$ eye t x is /range ! anci5ts sc>cely m5tion x4 ,footnote3 ,webb's ,cele/ial ,objects1 p4 #ahj4 ,9 ^! two nebulas we may p]haps see ! mass ready to break up into sep>ate worlds1 ! l5ticul> =m be+ a natural result ( extremely rapid rotation4 ,prom ! fact t ,&rom$a #aaf gives a cont9u\s spectrum1 ,dr4 ,hugg9s incl9es to ! belief t x is an unresolv$ /> clu/]4 ,b ! reasons :i* l$ ,sir ,w4 ,h]s*el to conclude t ! nebula 9 ,orion 0 gase\s1 7a conclusion :i*1 ?\gh = a "t discr$it$ by ! suppos$ resolution ( ! nebula 9 ,"l ,kosse's telescope1 0 ultimately f\nd to be correct71 are equally applicable "h4 ,9 g5]al a c]ta9 proportion exi/s betwe5 ! telescopic p[] requisite to r5d] a /> clu/] visible z a nebul\s spot1 & t :i* w resolve x into />s2 b ?is nebula1 l t 9 ,orion1 ?\gh visible to ! nak$ eye1 _c be resolv$ by ! mo/ p[]ful in/rum5ts yet made4 ,& ! nebula 9 ,draco #dcgc1 seems to pres5t an int]m$iate /age betwe5 ! purely gase\s nebula & ?is "o4 ,! fa9t cont9u\s spectrum is probably ! result ( incipi5t c5tral cond5sation4 ,?is nebula1 if rec5t obs]vations by ,mr4 ,gill1 ( ,ab]de51 are confirm$ ,footnote3 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,review1 #ahga1 p4 #dbf41 is mu* ne>] to u ?an any ( ! fix$ />s4 ,we come n[ to ! reasons d]iv$ f ! ,sol> ,sy/em itself1 & ( ^! !re are sev]al1 "s ( !m ( consid]able weight4 ,! fir/ is to be f\nd 9 ! uni=m direction ( almo/ all ! motions ( ! sy/em4 ,!y are f we/ to ea/4 ,! sun rotates ^u 8 axis1 ! planets revolve ab\t ! sun & rotate ^u _! axes1 & ! satellites1 ) "o exception1 revolve ab\t _! prim>ies1 &1 s f> z is kn[n1 rotate ^u _! axes 9 ! same direction1 f we/ to ea/1 & ! motions take place v ne>ly 9 ! same plane--! ecliptic4 ,?is seems to po9t to ! conclusion t ^! motions h a common orig91 z w\ld be ! case if all ^! bodies at "o "t exi/$ z a s+le mass :i* revolv$ 9 ! same direction4 ,! "o exception is to be f\nd 9 ! satellites ( ,uranus1 ^: motion is retrograde4 ,b !re are c]ta9 ph5om5a1 :i* lead to ! conclusion1 t1 on ! outskirts ( our sy/em1 !re has at "s "t or o!r be5 an action ( a di/urb+ =ce1 ( :i*1 except f ^! results1 we "k no?+4 ,footnote3 ,bode's ,law ( ,planet>y ,di/ances1 ,:at holds good z f> z ,uranus1 breaks d[n 9 ! case ( ,neptune4 ,bo? ,lev]ri] & ,adams 7 to "s ext5t misl$ by ?is law4 ,! new planet %\ld accord+ to _! calculations1 bas$ on ?is law1 h be5 ( great] magnitude & at a great] di/ance ?an ,neptune4 ,! pol> axis ( ,uranus1 in/ead ( be+ ne>ly p]p5dicul> to ! ecliptic1 z 9 ! case ( all ! o!r planets 7except ,v5us71 is ne>ly co9cid5t ) x4 ,v5us occupies an int]m$iate position1 ! incl9ation ( its equator to its orbit be+ #di degrees #eh'4 ,!re is also /rong reason = believ+ t ! sun is /ill a nebul\s />1 t ! :ole ( ! orig9al nebula is n yet ga!r$ up 9 ! va/ globe :i* at ord9>y times is all t we c see4 ,?is aspect ( ! case1 h[ev]1 w come m fully "u our notice :5 we come to ! "w ( ! f\r? day4 ,! figure ( ! e>?1 :i* is t naturally assum$ by a pla/ic mass revolv+ ab\t its axis1 & ! traces :i* x reta9s ( a =m] /ate ( int5se heat1 are bo? 9 accordance ) ?is !ory4 ,:5 ^! facts are duly weigh$1 !re seems to be a reasonable probability t ?is process is ! "o :i* 0 actually employ$ 9 ! =mation ( ! sol> sy/em4 ,! rem>kable mann] 9 :i* ! !ory adapts itself to ! ,mosaic acc\nt1 & ! fact t t acc\nt records special int]f]5ces ( ! ,creator exactly at ! po9ts :]e ! !ory %[s t su* int]f]5ces w\ld be necess>y1 give rise to a v /rong presumption 9 its fav\r4 ,we h 9 x also a cle> illu/ration ( ! comb9ation ( g5]al laws ( nature ) special int]f]5ces ( ,creative ,p[]--! law ( gravitation 0 call$ into action1 & ! "w w\ld proce$ /eadily "u t law = a consid]able p]iod1 till matt]s 7 ripe = a f>!r /age 9 ! progress1 & !n ! special int]f]5ce w\ld take place1 9 ?is in/ance ! imp>t+ ! motion ( rotation1 & ! "w w\ld aga9 proce$ "u ! natural law4 ,all ?is :ile1 h[ev]1 ! "w w\ld be "o1 & p]=m$ by "o p[]1 ! only diff]5ce be+ 9 ! direct or indirect action ( t p[]4 ,! only po9t an ref]5ce to ! fir/ day :i* rema9s to be inquir$ into is ! ext5t to :i* ! "w _h proce$$ at its close4 ,z ! comm5cem5t ( ! second day's "w implies t at t "t ! e>? _h an indep5d5t exi/5ce1 we may conclude t ! fir/ day's "w compreh5d$ ! ca/+ (f ( ! sev]al successive r+s1 & ! cond5sation ( ^? r+s1 or "s ( !m1 into ! correspond+ planets & satellites4 ,^! w\ld probably /ill reta9 _! int5se heat1 9 virtue ( :i* !y w\ld be lum9\s4 ,_m ( ! multiple />s may n improbably pres5t to u mu* ! same appe>ance z ! sol> sy/em !n pres5t$4 ,9 _m cases we h "o l>ge />1 ) "o or m v m9ute att5dants4 ,su* a /> is ,orionis1 a tol]ably conspicu\s />1 :i* has two companions invisible to ! nak$ eye1 b visible ) mod]ate telescopic p[]4 7,a telescope ( #b4a in*es ap]ture1 by ,cooke1 %[s !m well47 ,five m companions are visible 9 a #d-;in* telescope4 ,9 ! l>ge telescope at ,h>v>d no less ?an #ce m9ute />s h be5 se5 9 app>5t connexion ) ! brilliant /> ,vega4 ,9 all ^! cases x is true t ! di/ances & p]iods ( ! companion />s are v mu* great] ?an 9 ! case ( ! e>?2 b !n our telescopes w only enable u to disc]n ! m di/ant companions4 ,any small companion />s hold+ positions correspond+ to ^? ( ! f\r int]ior planets1 w\ld be lo/ 9 ! light ( ! prim>y />2 & if1 z is suspect$1 all ! heav5ly bodies are subject to "s resi/ance1 h[ev] small1 f ! m$ium 9 :i* !y move1 ?is resi/ance w\ld 9 ! c\rse ( ages dim9i% ! mean di/ance1 & ) x ! p]iodic "t ( ! companion />s4 ,! latt] "p ( ! #e? v]se has already be5 consid]$1 & !re is no ne$ to recur to x at ?is po9t4 ,at ! close ( ! hi/ory we %all be 9 a bett] position to asc]ta9 if any light has be5 ?r[n on t my/]i\s subject4 ,,section #e4 ,,! ,,second ,,day4 ,& ,god said1 ,let !re be a firmam5t 9 ! mid/ ( ! wat]s1 & let x divide ! wat]s f ! wat]s4 ,& ,god made ! firmam5t1 & divid$ ! wat]s :i* 7 "u ! firmam5t f ! wat]s :i* 7 above ! firmam5t1 & x 0 s4 ,& ,god call$ ! firmam5t ,heav51 & !re 0 ev5+ & !re 0 morn+1 a second day ,! "w ( ! second & ?ird days evid5tly has its sc5e on ! e>? alone4 ,at its comm5cem5t ! e>? appe>s to h become di/9ctly sep>at$ f ! gradually cond5s+ mass ( ! sol> sy/em1 & to h assum$ its sph]ical =m4 ,x _h1 9 fact1 acquir$ an indep5d5t exi/5ce2 b x 0 /ill 9 a *aotic /ate4 ,its elem5ts1 :i* 7 h]eaft] to assume ! ?ree =ms ( solid1 fluid1 & gas1 seem to h be5 /ill bl5d$ toge!r4 ,( ! ?ree /ates1 fluidity seems to h be5 t to :i* ! mass mo/ ne>ly approa*$4 ,?is seems to be indicat$ by ! application ( ! t]m1 wat]s1 to ! two p>ts into :i* x is n[ divid$2 = ! ,hebrew has no g5]al ^w = fluid1 s t ! only me?od ( express+ x 0 by ! use ( ?is ^w wat] 9 an ext5d$ signification2 & all sci5tific inve/igations po9t to ! same conclusion4 ,! heat1 z yet1 mu/ h be5 s int5se t no rocks or metals ) :i* we are acqua9t$ c\ld h rema9$ 9 a solid =m4 ,! sort+ out & fir/ arrangem5t ( ! mat]ials ( ! e>?1 ) probably ! f>!r developm5t ( a l>ge portion ( !m by ! introduction ( a new elem5t1 seems to h be5 ! "w ( ! second day4 ,:5 we proce$ to exam9e ! n>rative m closely1 two important que/ions sugge/ !mselves3--l4 ,:at special int]f]5ce ( ,creative ,p[] does x indicate8 #b4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! division betwe5 ! wat]s :i* 7 above ! firmam5t & ! wat]s :i* 7 "u ! firmam5t8 #a4 ,:at special int]f]5ce ( ,creative ,p[] took place on ! second day8 ,till )9 ! la/ t5 ye>s1 x w\ld h be5 difficult to give a satisfactory answ] to ?is "q2 = if all ! elem5ts 7 already 9 exi/5ce at ! comm5cem5t ( ! second day1 _! arrangem5t w\ld1 z x seems1 h be5 br\ght ab\t by ! ord9>y op]ation ( natural laws :i* 7 already e/abli%$4 ,! cool+ & cond5sation ( a portion ( ! elem5ts w\ld h be5 effect$ by ! radiation ( _! heat1 & ! portions ?us cond5s$ w\ld1 "u ! influ5ce ( gravitation1 h arrang$ !mselves 9 imm$iate proximity to ! c5tre ( gravity1 =m+ a solid or fluid nucleus1 r\nd :i* ^? portions :i* /ill rema9$ 9 a gase\s /ate w\ld h =m$ an atmosph]ic envelope4 ,b "h aga9 ! spectroscope comes to our aid4 ,9 _m ( ! nebulae :i* give 9 x ! bright l9es indicative ( gas1 hydrog5 & nitrog5 are ! *ief gases discov]$4 ,^! mu/ be 9 an inc&esc5t /ate1 or !y w\ld n be visible at all4 ,b hydrog5 _c1 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ?+s1 rema9 9 ?is condition 9 contact ) oxyg52 x mu/ in/antly comb9e ) x1 t comb9ation be+ att5d$ ) int5se heat1 & result+ 9 ! production ( wat]4 ,! introduction ( oxyg51 !n1 mu/ involve a v important crisis 9 ! process ( developm5t2 b t introduction mu/ h prec$$ ! =mation ( atmosph]ic air & wat]4 ,prior to ! second day oxyg5 mu/ ei!r h be5 non-exi/5t1 or x mu/ h exi/$ 9 a =m & "u conditions v diff]5t f ^? "u :i* x exi/s n[4 ,free oxyg5 _c be 9 exi/5ce 9 ! sun or 9 any cele/ial object 9 :i* ! spectroscope indicates ! exi/5ce ( inc&esc5t hydrog54 ,! special act ( ! second day w\ld appe> to h consi/$ 9 ! developm5t ( oxyg51 or ! call+ x f a quiesc5t /ate into active op]ation4 ,b ! effects ( ! new elem5t ?us call$ into op]ation w\ld n be limit$ to ! production ( air & wat]4 ,x is e/imat$ t oxyg5 con/itutes1 by weight1 ne>ly half ( ! solid cru/ ( ! e>?4 ,x =ms a "p ( e rock & ( e metallic ore4 ,! second day1 !n1 mu/ h be5 a p]iod ( int5se *emical action1 result+ f ! introduction ( ?is p[]ful ag5t4 ,b 7#b7 :at is ! mean+ ( ! division ( ! wat]s :i* are above ! firmam5t f ! wat]s :i* 7 "u ! firmam5t8 ,at pres5t all ! wat] conta9$ 9 ! atmosph]e1 9 ! %ape ( vap\r & cl\ds1 is s insignificant 9 comp>ison ) t va/ volume ( wat] :i* n only fills ! ocean1 b also p]meates ! solid e>?1 t su* a notice ( x seems unacc\ntable4 ,mr4 ,goodw91 inde$1 ma9ta9s t !re 0 an anci5t belief1 n only t ! firmam5t 0 a solid vault1 b t on x !re re/$ ano!r ocean1 at lea/ z copi\s z t ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,footnote3 ,essays & ,reviews1 p4 #bbj ,9 support ( ?is ass]tion he br+s =w>d ! phrase1 ,! w9d[s ( heav5 7 op5$ 7,g51 ,,vii4 #aa7 & o!r simil> expressions4 ,b su* phrases z ?is evid5tly belong to ! same class z ! fanciful names s (t5 giv5 to ! cl\ds 9 ! hymns ( ! ,rig ,v$a4 ,bo? expressions evid5tly po9t to a "t :5 figurative language1 if no long] a necessity1 0 at all ev5ts a common & fav\rite =m ( spee*1 & 0 und]/ood by all4 ,dr4 ,:ewell ,footnote3 ,plurality ( ,worlds1 *ap4 x4 ,section #e4 has put =w>d ! curi\s notion t :5 ! creation ( ! int]ior planets 0 complet$1 !re rema9$ a sup]fluity ( wat]1 :i* 0 ga!r$ up into ! f\r ext]ior planets4 ,b ! only fact 9 fav\r ( su* an hypo!sis is ! close correspond5ce betwe5 ! app>5t d5sity ( ^! planets & t ( wat]4 ,n[1 z w be se5 imm$iately1 !re is /rong reason to believe t ! true d5sity ( ^! planets is mu* great] ?an _! app>5t diamet]s w\ld seem to indicate2 s t ! "o solit>y gr\nd on :i* ! sugge/ion re/s vani%es :5 x is exam9$4 ,ap>t f ?is1 h[ev]1 ! sugge/ion t !re w\ld be any sup]flu\s mat]ial :5 ! "w ( creation 0 f9i%$1 is a v /range "o4 ,nei!r ( ^! views1 !n1 c be accept$ z giv+ a satisfactory mean+ to ! text4 ,a/ronomical inve/igations h[ev]1 :i* h be5 c>ri$ on ) great dilig5ce dur+ ! la/ f\r w9t]s1 & :i* are /ill be+ cont9u$ ) unremitt+ int]e/1 h br\ght to light ph5om5a :i* seem to be 9 rem>kable correspond5ce ) ! /ate ( ?+s spok5 ( 9 ! text4 ,x has already be5 notic$ t ! eight great] planets at pres5t kn[n to u are divid$ into two gr\ps ( f\r by ! int]v5+ belt ( m9or planets4 ,^! two gr\ps h totally di/9ct *>act]i/ics4 ,9 d5sity1 magnitude1 & l5g?1 ( day ! memb]s ( ea* gr\p diff] little f ea* o!r1 :ile ! two gr\ps diff] v widely4 ,! moon is ! only satellite z yet kn[n 9 ! inn] gr\p4 ,! planets ( ! out] gr\p are att5d$ by at lea/ sev5te5 satellites4 ,( ^! out] planets ,jupit]1 f 8 great brilliancy1 specially attracts obs]vation1 :ile f 8 comp>ative proximity to ! e>? we are enabl$ to exam9e him mu* m satisfactorily ?an we c ,saturn1 ,uranus1 or ,neptune4 ,two facts ) ref]5ce to him h long be5 well kn[n1 ! "o1 t ! pol> compression 9 8 case is mu* great] ?an x is 9 any ( ! int]ior planets1 s t :5 se5 ?r\gh a telescope ( v mod]ate p[] 8 disc is evid5tly elliptical1 :ile ! compression ( ! int]ior planets c only be detect$ by ! mo/ delicate micrometrical measurem5ts--! o!r1 t 8 app>5t surface is always cross$ by sev]al alt]nat+ belts ( light & %ade1 :i* ?\gh subject to con/ant *anges ( detail1 always pres]ve ! same g5]al "*4 ,until rec5tly ! g5]ally receiv$ !ory 0 t ^! belts consi/$ ( cl\ds1 rais$ by ! heat ( ! sun1 & arrang$ 9 zones "u ! influ5ce ( w9ds simil> 9 "* to1 & produc$ by ! same causes z1 ! trade-w9ds :i* bl[ ov] our own oceans4 ,?is view1 h[ev]1 has be5 %[n by ,mr4 ,proctor to be unt5able4 ,footnote3 ,see a pap] by ,mr4 ,proctor 9 ! ,mon?ly ,packet = ,octob]1 #ahgj4 ,ab\t =ty ye>s ago1 a v rem>kable ph5om5on 0 obs]v$ simultane\sly1 b indep5d5tly1 by ?ree a/ronom]s1 ,admiral ,smy?1 ,mr4 ,maclean1 & ,mr4 ,pe>son1 :o 7 wat*+ a transit ( ,jupit]'s second satellite f /ations sev]al miles ap>t4 ,admiral ,smy?'s acc\nt ( x is z foll[s3--,on ,?ursday1 ! #bf? ( ,june1 #ahbh1 ! moon be+ ne>ly full1 & ! ev5+ extremely f9e1 ,i 0 wat*+ ! second satellite ( ,jupit] z x gradually approa*$ to transit ! disc ( ! planet4 ,my in/rum5t 0 an excell5t refractor ( #c #c_/d in*es ap]ture1 & five feet focal l5g?1 ) a p[] ( "o hundr$4 ,! satellite appe>$ 9 contact at ab\t half-pa/ t51 & = "s m9utes rema9$ on ! edge ( ! limb1 pres5t+ an appe>ance n unlike t ( ! lun> m\nta9s :i* come into view dur+ ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! moon1 until x f9ally disappe>$ on ! body ( ! planet4 ,at lea/ twelve or ?irte5 m9utes mu/ h elaps$ :51 accid5tally turn+ to ,jupit] aga91 ,i p]ceiv$ ! same satellite outside ! disc4 ,x 0 9 ! same position z to be+ above a l9e ) ! l[] belt1 :]e x rema9$ di/9ctly visible = at lea/ f\r m9utes1 & !n sudd5ly vani%$4 ,a some:at simil> ph5om5on1 b ( %ort] duration1 0 witness$ by ,messrs4 ,gorton & ,wray1 dur+ an occultation ( ! same satellite1 ,april #bf1 #ahfc4 ,9 ?is case ! satellite reappe>$ aft] pass+ beh9d ! app>5t disc ( ! planet4 ,s lately z #ahfh ?is ph5om5on 0 reg>d$ z inexplicable4 ,footnote3 ,webb's ,cele/ial ,objects1 p4 #ada4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #ahfh-i ! att5tion ( a/ronom]s 0 call$ to ! fact t rapid & ext5sive *anges 7 tak+ place 9 ! appe>ance ( ,jupit]'s belts1 & !y h consequ5tly be5 wat*$ f t "t ) unremitt+ att5tion by a/ronom]s furni%$ ) telescopes ( ! be/ quality4 ,! results ( ^! obs]vations are giv5 9 two v int]e/+ pap]s1 communicat$ to ! ,popul> ,sci5ce ,review1 by ,mr4 ,webb4 ,footnote3 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,review = ,april1 #ahgj1 & ,july1 #ahga4 ,v curi\s m>k+s & v>iations 9 ! dep? ( %ade h be5 se51 accompani$ by equally curi\s *anges ( col\r4 ,mr4 ,br[n+ comp>es ^! *anges to ^? :i* are se5 :5 a cl\d ( /eam ( v>y+ dep? & d5sity is illum9at$ f beh9d by a /rong light1 z :5 we look ?r\gh ! /eam escap+ f ! safety-valve ( a locomotive at a gas-lamp imm$iately beh9d x4 ,?is appe>s to be ! true explanation ( ! ph5om5on4 ,footnote3 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,review1 #ahga1 p4 #cjg4 ,^! belts are probably due to va/ masses ( /eam1 p\r$ =? ) great =ce f ! body ( ! planet4 ,z ! atmosph]e ( ,jupit] is probably ( enorm\s dep?1 ! rotatory velocity ( its upp] portions w\ld be mu* great] ?an t ( ! surface ( ! planet1 h5ce ! /eam w\ld arrange itself 9 belts p>allel to ! equator ( ! planet4 ,b ?is view leads u to wond]ful conclusions ) ref]5ce to ! condition ( ! planet4 ,processes ( ! mo/ amaz+ "* are tak+ place b5ea? t cl\dy envelope1 :i* =ms ! visible surface ( ! planet z se5 by ! t]re/rial obs]v]4 ,! real globe ( ! planet w\ld seem to be int5sely heat$1 p]haps molt51 ?r\gh ! fi]c5ess ( ! heat :i* p]vades x4 ,masses ( vap\r /ream+ cont9ually upw>d f ! surface ( ?is fi]y globe w\ld be ga!r$ at once into zones because ( _! rapid *ange ( di/ance f ! c5tre4 ,t :i* is :olly un9telligible :5 we reg>d ! surface ( ,jupit] z swept l our e>? by pol> & equatorial w9ds1 is readily int]pret$ :5 we recognize ! exi/5ce ( rapidly upru%+ /reams ( vap\r4 ,footnote3 ,mr4 ,proctor 9 ,mon?ly ,packet1 ,octob]1 #ahgj4 ,suppos+ !n t ! atmosph]e ( ,jupit] is ( v great dep?1 & ?us lad5 ) masses ( wat]y vap\r1 ! effect ( a sudd5 curr5t ( heat$1 b comp>atively dry1 air or gas w\ld be ! imm$iate absorption ( ! :ole or a l>ge portion ( ! vap\r1 & ! consequ5t transp>5cy ( ! portion ( ! atmosph]e affect$ by x4 ,we see ?is result cont9ually on a small scale 9 our own atmosph]e1 :5 a heavy cl\d comes 9 contact ) a w>m air curr5t1 & rapidly melts away1 ,_m ( ! rapid *anges :i* h be5 witness$ 9 ,jupit]'s appe>ance are readily expla9$ if ?is view is admitt$4 ,suppos+ su* a ?+ to h happ5$ ne> ! edge ( ! disc1 ! ph5om5on record$ by ,admiral ,smy? is at once satisfactorily expla9$4 ,:5 ! satellite appe>$ to pass on to ! disc1 & to be lo/ 9 ! light ( ! planet1 x w\ld = "s "t1 proportional to ! dep? ( ,jupit]'s atmosph]e1 h beh9d x a backgr\nd ( cl\ds only1 x w\ld n h ent]$ ^u ! actual disc ( ! planet4 ,if !n ^! cl\ds 7 sudd5ly absorb$1 ! atmosph]e beh9d ! satellite w\ld become transp>5t & invisible1 ! backgr\nd w\ld be gone1 & ! satellite w\ld reappe>4 ,9 ! case ( ! occultation witness$ by ,messrs4 ,gorton & ,wray1 ! satellite w\ld at fir/ be hidd5 by cl\d only1 & w\ld reappe> if ! cl\d 7 remov$4 ,su* seems to be ! true explanation ( ^! hi!rto my/]i\s ph5om5a4 ,t !y c\ld n h result$ f any alt]ation 9 ! motions ( ! planet or ! satellite is evid5t4 ,su* an alt]ation w\ld h be5 in/antly detect$1 s9ce ! places ( bo? ! planet & ! satellites are comput$ ye>s 9 advance1 & any su* *ange w\ld at once h ?r[n out all ^! computations4 ,assum+ t ?is is ! true solution ( ! my/]y1 we are enabl$ to =m an approximate e/imate ( ! ext5t ( ! atmosph]e ( ,jupit]4 ,! "t betwe5 ! fir/ & second disappe>ances does n seem to h be5 accurately not$4 ,admiral ,smy?'s acc\nt makes x #af or #ag m9utes2 b if we e/imate x at #ae m9utes only1 & if we fur!r assume t ! second disappe>ance 0 ^u ! actual disc ( ,jupit]1 & n ^u a l[] /ratum ( cl\ds1 we %all be safe f any risk ( exagg]ation4 ,! probability seems to be t ! second disappe>ance 0 caus$ n by ! disc1 b by ! =mation ( a fre% body ( cl\d1 z x 0 n gradual1 z 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 b sudd54 ,we %all !n only h an e/imate :i* _c be great]1 b may be mu* less1 ?an ! true value4 ,! mean di/ance ( ! second satellite f ! c5tre ( ,jupit] is 9 r\nd numb]s #dbe1jjj miles1 & consequ5tly ! circumf]5ce ( its orbit is #b1fga1jjj miles4 ,! satellite travels ?r\gh ?is orbit 9 ab\t #hf h\rs1 :i* gives a hor>y velocity ( #ca1djj miles1 or #ghej miles 9 #ae m9utes4 ,?is !n is ! lea/ possible dep? ( ! atmosph]e ( ,jupit]4 ,footnote3 ,= ! direction ( ! motion ( ! satellite w\ld be at "r angles to ! l9e ( sight4 ,! :ole diamet] ( ,jupit]1 atmosph]e & all1 is #he1cij miles4 ,d$uct f ?is #ae1gjj miles = ! atmosph]e1 & we h = ! diamet] ( ! solid nucleus r less ?an #gj1jjj miles4 ,! height ( ! atmosph]e is !re=e n less ?an ?ree-f\rte5?s ( ! radius ( ! planet1 & may be mu* great]4 ,! ext5t ( ! atmosph]e1 comb9$ ) ! rapidity ( rotation1 acc\nts satisfactorily = ! great app>5t pol> compression ( ! planet4 ,ano!r inf]5ce is t ! d5sity ( ! planet mu/ exce$ ! ord9>y e/imate 9 ! proportion ( two to "o4 ,b next1 ! atmosph]e ( ,jupit] is probably ( v great d5sity4 ,dr4 ,hugg9s /ates t he has obs]v$ 9 ! spectrum ( ,jupit] ?ree or f\r /rong l9es1 "o ( !m co9cid5t ) a /rong l9e 9 ! e>?'s atmosph]e4 ,footnote3 ,lecture at ,man*e/]1 ,novemb] #af1 #ahgj4 ,/rong l9es m>k increas$ d5sity 9 ! absorb5t m$ium1 & l9es hi!rto unobs]v$ indicate new elem5ts4 ,x is !re=e probable t ! atmosph]e ( ,jupit] is n only mu* m d5se ?an t ( ! e>?1 b also conta9s "s elem5ts--:i* are abs5t f ! latt]4 ,:5 ) ?is fact we connect ! v great ext5t ( ! atmosph]e1 x w be evid5t t ! pressure at ! surface ( ! planet w be enorm\s1 & f ?is we c =m an e/imate ( ! int5sity ( ! =ces :i* mu/ be at "w 9 ! int]ior ( ! planet1 to project jets ( vap\r ?r\gh su* an atmosph]e to s great a height4 ,! l9k :i* connects ,jupit] ) ! e>?1 9 ! second /age ( its exi/5ce1 is ! m5tion by ,moses ( ! wat]s :i* 7 above ! firmam5t4 ,view$ 9 ! light ( ! pres5t condition ( ! e>? su* a notice seems unacc\ntable4 ,b if ! e>? at t "t 7 9 a condition simil> to t 9 :i* ,jupit] appe>s to be n[1 ! wat] 9 ! atmosph]e or above ! firmam5t w\ld be a v important elem5t 9 any description t might be giv5 ( x4 ,x is 9 fact mo/ probable t all ! wat] 79 ! /rict s5se ( ! ^w7 !n 9 exi/5ce w\ld be 9 a /ate ( vap\r1 & t ! wat]s :i* 7 "u ! firmam5t 7 ! molt5 mat]ials :i* aft]w>ds =m$ rocks & ores1 s9ce1 z has be5 already notic$1 ! ^w is ! only "o :i* c\ld be employ$ to describe fluids 9 g5]al4 ,we may n[ try to =m "s idea ( ! probable /ate ( ! e>? at ?is p]iod4 ,its c5tre w\ld be occupi$ by a fus$ mass1 9 :i* 7 bl5d$ all ! m intractable solid con/itu5ts ( ! pres5t _w4 ,?is w\ld be surr\nd$ by an atmosph]e ( v great height & d5sity1 conta9+ n only all ! pres5t con/itu5ts ( air1 b also all1 or ne>ly all1 ! wat]1 & all ! m volatile ( ! metals & o!r elem5ts4 ,c>bonic acid1 to a v l>ge ext5t1 w\ld probably be pres5t1 & a v consid]able proportion ( ! oxyg5 :i* n[ exi/s 9 comb9ation ) v>i\s bases1 & =ms by weight s l>ge a proportion ( ! solid cru/ ( ! _w4 ,ow+ to ! int5se heat1 *emical comb9ations w\ld readily be =m$ betwe5 ! +r$i5ts ( ! fus$ mass & ! o!r elem5ts :i* exi/$ 9 ! =m ( vap\r1 & ?us ! e>lie/ ( ! va/ v>iety ( exi/+ m9]als w\ld be elaborat$4 ,! volumes ( /eam :i* float$ 9 ! upp] regions ( ! atmosph]e w\ld rapidly "p ) _! heat by radiation into space1 & w\ld desc5d t[>ds ! surface ( ! e>? 9 ! =m ( ra94 ,at fir/ probably1 & = a long "t1 !y w\ld n rea* ! surface1 b z !y approa*$ x w\ld be aga9 conv]t$ into vap\r1 & re-asc5d to pass aga9 & aga9 ?r\gh ! same process4 ,b by ?is means ! int5se heat ( ! nucleus w\ld be gradually convey$ away1 till ! cool+ rea*$ a po9t at :i* "s ( ! sup]ficial mat]ials w\ld assume a solid =m4 ,x is by no means c]ta9 :at is ! true prim>y rock--= a long "t x 0 almo/ univ]sally assum$ to be granite1 s9ce granite is uni=mly f\nd und]ly+ ! olde/ s$im5t>y rocks t are kn[n4 ,b z ^! rocks h be5 =c$ f _! orig9al position & tilt$ up1 ! und]ly+ /ratum may probably be ( lat] date ?an ! upp] ones1 s9ce x 0 ! elevat+ ag5t4 ,s t we c h no c]ta9 k on ?is po9t1 s9ce ! e>lie/ s$im5t>y /rata1 :]ev] !y reta9 _! orig9al position1 mu/ be at a dep? f> bel[ ! rea* ( man4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ,sir ,c4 ,kyell's view ( ! conditions requisite = ! =mation ( granite are correct1 ^! conditions ,footnote3 ,/ud5t's ,geology1 *ap4 xxxi4--heat1 moi/ure1 & enorm\s pressure--w\ld all be pres5t at ! surface ( ! nucleus4 ,"s k9d ( solid floor mu/ h be5 =m$ be=e ! next /age c\ld be rea*$1 at :i* x w\ld be possible = wat] to exi/ 9 a fluid /ate4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 w\ld be possible at a mu* high] temp]ature ?an at pres5t1 ow+ to ! enorm\s atmosph]ic pressure4 ,x is possible n[1 by artificial means1 to raise wat]1 ne>ly if n q1 to a r$ heat1 )\t ! =mation ( /eam1 & ! pressure ( ! atmosph]e 9 ! case suppos$ w\ld1 9 all probability1 be mu* great] ?an any :i* we c n[ apply "u ! conditions necess>y = heat+ ! wat]4 ,x is probable t at ?is po9t ! close ( ! second day mu/ be plac$3 b ! indications ( ! n>rative d n enable u to fix x ) any degree ( c]ta9ty4 ,z1 h[ev]1 f ?is po9t a new s]ies ( processes w\ld comm5ce1 & ^? processes are 9 intimate connexion ) ! fir/ ( ! two developm5ts ascrib$ to ! ?ird day1 ! p]iod :5 wat] c\ld fir/ ma9ta9 a fluid =m on ! e>?'s surface1 seems to pres5t ! mo/ probable l9e ( dem>cation4 ,,section #f4 ,,! ,,?ird ,,day4 ,& ,god said1 ,let ! wat]s "u ! ,heav5 be ga!r$ toge!r 9 "o place1 & let ! dry l& appe>2 & x 0 s4 ,& ,god call$ ! dry l& ,e>?1 & ! ga!r+ toge!r ( ! wat]s call$ ,he ,seas1 & ,god saw t x 0 good4 ,& ,god said1 ,let ! e>? spr\t spr\ts1 ! h]b se$+ se$1 & ! fruit-tree yield+ fruit aft] 8 k9d1 ^: se$ is 9 x1 ,footnote3 ,x seems pref]able to itself "h4 ,! same ,hebrew ^w /&s = bo?1 b if ! fruit-tree be tak5 z ! antec$5t1 :i* x mu/ be if we translate itself1 !re seems no mean+ 9 ! /atem5t4 ,if we read x1 ! pron\n w ref] to ! fruit--! tree ^: se$ is 9 its fruit--:i* gives an intelligible s5se4 ^u ! e>?1 & x 0 s4 ,& ! e>? caus$ to g =? spr\ts1 ! h]b se$+ se$1 & ! fruit-tree yield+ fruit ^: se$ is 9 x1 aft] 8 k9d1 & ,god saw t x 0 good4 ,& !re 0 ev5+1 & !re 0 morn+1 a ?ird day4 ,! record ( ! ?ird day is a v important "o1 because x is ! fir/ po9t at :i* ! ,mosaic ,record comes 9 contact ) t o!r record :i* is writt5 9 ! rocks4 ,up to ?is "t we h only be5 able to comp>e ! /atem5ts ( ,moses ) conjectural views ( ! e>lie/ condition ( ! e>?1 :i*1 ?\gh !y may be highly probable1 are at be/ only conjectures4 ,b f ?is po9t we h to deal ) a numb] ( asc]ta9$ facts--c]ta9 l&m>ks /& out :i* enable u to fix ! correspond5t p>ts ( ! two n>ratives1 & guide u to ! id5tification & int]pretation ( _! m9or details4 ,! fir/ ( ^! l&m>ks is ! appe>ance ( ! dry l&1 or1 9 geological language1 ! comm5cem5t ( ! process ( upheaval4 ,at ! close ( ! second day ! e>? 01 9 all probability1 z we h se51 a globe int]nally molt51 b hav+ a solid cru/ :i* 0 uni=mly cov]$ ) a lay] ( wat]1 & surr\nd$ by an atmosph]e :i*1 ?\gh x _h p>t$ ) "s ( its +r$i5ts1 0 /ill v mu* m complex1 m d5se1 & m ext5sive ?an x is at pres5t4 ,! newly cond5s$ wat]s w\ld re/ on ! surface ( ! primeval rock1 :atev] t rock might be4 ,! int]nal heat conduct$ ?r\gh x w\ld keep ! wat]s 9 a /ate ( int5se ebullition1 & at ! same "t _! surface w\ld be agitat$ by viol5t atmosph]ic curr5ts z ! heat$ air asc5d$1 & 0 replac$ by cool] air f ! out] regions ( ! atmosph]e4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ! wat] w\ld dissolve or we> d[n portions ( ! newly-=m$ rock on :i* x re/$4 ,at ! same "t ! /eam1 :i* w\ld be cont9ually ris+ f ! boil+ ocean1 w\ld desc5d f ! upp] regions ( ! atmosph]e 9 ! =m ( ra91 & br+ ) x 9 solution consid]able quantities ( ^? elem5ts :i* /ill exi/$ 9 ! =m ( vap\r1 j z ra9 n[ br+s d[n ammonia & c>bonic acid :i* x has absorb$ 9 its passage ?r\gh ! atmosph]e4 ,new comb9ations w\ld ?us be =m$ betwe5 ! mat]ials dissolv$ or abrad$ by ! ocean & ^? br\ght d[n by ! ra94 ,:5 ^! comb9ations _h rea*$ a c]ta9 am\nt !y w\ld be deposit$ 9 ! =m ( mud ^u ! b$ ( ! ocean1 & ?us ! e>lie/ s$im5t>y rocks w\ld be =m$4 ,z ! temp]ature gradually decreas$1 ! "* ( ^! comb9ations w\ld probably be *ang$1 & at ! same "t ! atmosph]e w\ld be dim9i%$ 9 volume & d5sity1 & become m pure by ! absorption ( a l>ge portion ( its orig9al con/itu5ts1 :i* w\ld h be5 incorporat$ into v>i\s m9]als4 ,! e>lie/ s$im5t>y rock ) :i* we are acqua9t$ at pres5t is :at is kn[n z ! ,laur5tian =mation4 ,footnote3 ,! :ole ( ! geological details 9 ?is section are tak5 f ,sir ,c4 ,lyell's ,geology = ,/ud5ts4 ,x occupies an area ( #bjj1jjj squ>e miles nor? ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce2 & is also trac$ into ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! we/]n highl&s ( ,scotl& & "s ( ! adjac5t isles4 ,x is divid$ into two sections--! ,upp] & ,l[] ,laur5tian4 ,x is n c]ta9 t x is really ! olde/ rock2 = z e s$im5t>y rock is =m$ ( ! debris ( prec$+ rocks1 x is v possible t all ! expos$ portions ( "s old] rocks may h be5 decompos$ & worn away2 b x is ! olde/ yet kn[n4 ,! ?ickness ( ! l[] portion is e/imat$ at #bj1jjj feet1 or ne>ly f\r miles1 :ile ! ,upp] ,laur5tian b$s are #aj1jjj feet ?ick4 ,at ?is po9t we meet ) ! fir/ traces ( t process ( upheaval & subsid5ce :i* has ev] s9ce be5 go+ on 9 ! e>?4 ,! ,l[] ,laur5tian rocks _h be5 displac$ f _! orig9al horizontal position be=e ! ,upp] ,laur5tian 7 deposit$ ^u !m4 ,?is process ( upheaval ( "s p>ts ( ! e>?1 accompani$ ) subsid5ce 9 o!r p>ts1 is "o :i* _c be acc\nt$ = by any natural laws ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,x is 9 all probability ! result ( a s]ies ( *anges :i* are tak+ place 9 ! int]ior ( ! e>?1 b ( :i* we "k no?+ at all4 ,x is 9 ! comm5cem5t ( ?is s]ies ( *anges t we trace t direct int]f]5ce ( ! ,creator--:i* is indicat$ by ! comm&1 ,let ! wat]s "u ! firmam5t be ga!r$ toge!r into "o place1 & let ! dry l& appe>4 ,we h n1 h[ev]1 any means ( asc]ta9+ h[ long a p]iod elaps$ be=e ! process ( upheaval rea*$ ! po9t at :i* ! l& w\ld rise above ! surface ( ! ocean4 ,! ,l[] ,laur5tian rocks are rem>kable 9 ano!r way4 ,!re is little d\bt t traces ( life1 ! e>lie/ yet kn[n1 occur 9 !m4 ,!y include a b$ ( lime/one v>y+ 9 ?ickness f #gjj to #aejj feet4 ,9 all probability lime/one1 :]ev] x occurs1 is an animal product1 ?\gh 9 _m cases all traces ( its organization h be5 lo/ by exposure to heat4 ,?is p>ticul> b$ appe>s to h be5 =m$ by a v l[ly creature1 :i* 9 organization 0 ak9 to ! =am9if]a1 ( :i* l>ge quantities are n[ kn[n to exi/ at ! bottom ( ! ,atlantic4 ,x diff]$ f !m1 h[ev]1 9 "o respect--! individuals 7 connect$ toge!r1 z is ! case n[ ) _m v>ieties ( ! coral animal4 ,no notice ( ?is fir/ appe>ance ( life is f\nd 9 ! ,mosaic ,record1 nor1 = reasons already giv51 0 x possible t any m5tion ( x %\ld be made4 ,! rocks :i* come next to ! ,laur5tian 9 ! ord] ( "t are ^? kn[n z ! ,cambrian4 ,!y are s call$ because !y con/itute a l>ge portion ( ! m\nta9s ( ,nor? ,wales1 & x 0 !re t _! *>act]i/ics 7 fir/ c>efully /udi$ by ,pr(essor ,s$gwick4 ,9 "o ( ! /rata ( ?is =mation--! ,h>le* ,grit--:at are kn[n z ripple-m>ks are f\nd1 prov+ t p>ts ( ^! rocks at ! "t ( _! deposition =m$ a sea-bea*1 & t consequ5tly at ?is "t1 at ! late/1 ! dry l& _h em]g$ f ! ocean4 ,9 ^! rocks !re are also decid$ traces ( ,volcanic ,action1 :i* seem to indicate ! exi/5ce ( a ,volcano simil> to ! rec5t ,graham's ,isl&4 ,at ?is po9t a consid]able advance 9 animal life is f\nd4 ,! fossils comprise sev]al corals1 v>ieties ( mollusca1 & a class ( cru/aceans peculi> to ! v e>ly rocks--! trilobites4 ,on ! ,cambrian rocks re/ ! =mations kn[n z ,silurian1 f ! fact t !y 7 fir/ ?or\ghly exam9$ 9 ,s\? ,wales 7,siluria7 by ,sir ,e4 ,mur*ison4 ,9 ^! rocks _m fre% v>ieties ( inv]tebrate fossils are f\nd1 & ! v]tebrata make _! fir/ appe>ance1 num]\s rema9s ( fi%es hav+ be5 discov]$4 ,! e>lie/ specim5 0 f\nd 9 ! ,l[] ,ludl[ b$s at ,le9tw>d9e1 :ile ! ,upp] ,ludl[ =mation conta9s an ext5sive b$ compos$ almo/ entirely ( fi%-bones4 ,imm$iately above ?is b$ are f\nd :at seem to be traces ( l&-plants1 9 ! %ape ( ! spores ( a cryptogam\s plant4 ,! ,silurian rocks are succe$$ by rocks :i* pres5t two di/9ct *>act]s1 b are probably contemporane\s1 ! ,devonian & ! old ,r$ ,s&/one4 ,! =m] seem to h be5 deposit$ 9 ! b$ ( ! sea1 :ile ! latt] is a fre%-wat] =mation4 ,9 ^! decid$ rema9s ( l& plants are f\nd1 ( :i* ab\t #bjj species h at pres5t be5 discov]$4 ,! old ,r$ ,s&/one is also peculi>ly ri* 9 fossil fi%4 ,! fir/ signs ( coal appe> 9 ?is s]ies ( rocks1 b on a v small scale4 ,we n[ come to :at are kn[n z ! ,c>bonif]\s rocks1 ( :i* ! l[] s]ies is kn[n z ! m\nta9 lime/one1 & above x come ! coal measures1 conta9+ num]\s b$s ( coal1 sometimes ( great ?ickness4 ,^! b$s h result$ entirely f ! decomposition1 "u peculi> circum/ances1 ( an enorm\s developm5t ( t]re/rial vegetation4 ,!y seem to h orig9at$ 9 va/ swamps1 subject to occasional flood+1 & to alt]nate movem5ts ( upheaval & subsid5ce4 ,on ^! swamps !re mu/ h exi/$ = ages a vegetation ( ^: luxuriance ! ri*e/ tropical jungles ( ! pres5t "t c give u no idea4 ,!y tell ! tale ( a "t :5 ! temp]ature ( ! e>?1 0 uni=mly high 7s9ce coal fields are f\nd 9 high nor!rn latitudes71 :5 ! atmosph]e 0 *>g$ ) moi/ure1 & probably conta9$ a l>ge proportion ( c>bonic acid4 ,9 ! coal measures we come ^u ! fir/ traces ( l& animals4 ,sev]al rema9s ( reptiles h be5 f\nd1 z well z footpr9ts left on ! s(t mud or s& ( a riv]bank or sea- bea*4 ,!re seems to be no d\bt t !y 7 left by lung- brea?+ animals4 ,! c>bonif]\s /rata =m ! second ( our l&m>ks4 ,!y seem to po9t to ! fulfilm5t ( ! comm& t ! e>?1 %\ld br+ =? vegetation4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o po9t :i* requires "s notice4 ,! ,mosaic acc\nt1 z we read x 9 our ,engli% ,bibles1 seems to be limit$ to phan]ogam\s plants-- grass1 ! h]b yield+ se$1 & ! fruit-tree yield+ fruit4 ,n[1 x is a well-kn[n fact t ! great mass ( ! vegetation1 ! rema9s ( :i* con/itute coal1 consi/$ ( cryptogamic plants1 :i* d n produce se$1 prop]ly s call$1 b only spores2 ! di/9ction be+ t ! spore conta9s ! g]m & no?+ m1 :ile 9 ! se$ ! g]m is provid$ ) a /ore ( nutrim5t to assi/ 9 ! e>li] /ages ( ! developm5t ( ! plant4 ,:at appe>s to be a f>!r discrepancy1 ! abs5ce ( any traces ( ! grasses1 leads 9 reality to ! solution ( ! difficulty4 ,! ^w :i* is translat$ grass ,hebrew script means 9 reality1 any fre% spr\t4 ,n[ x is rem>kable t ,moses specifies ?ree k9ds ( vegetation1 ) reg>d to two ( :i* x is not$ t !y produce se$1 :ile no?+ is said ( ! se$ ( ! rema9+ class4 ,grass too1 is really a h]b be>+ se$1 &1 z su* w\ld be includ$ 9 ! second class1 & !re w\ld h be5 no occasion1 to m5tion x sep>ately4 ,x w\ld appe> !n t ! fir/ class consi/$ ( se$less plants1 i4 e4 ( ! cryptogamia4 ,?is conclusion is /r5g!n$ :5 we turn to v]ses #bi & #cj4 ,if ! ^w ,hebrew script 7 correctly translat$ grass1 we %\ld c]ta9ly expect to f9d x 9 ^? v]ses1 s9ce ! grasses contribute m to ! food ( bo? man & bea/1 ?an all ! o!r h]bace\s plants put toge!r4 ,?is omission !n1 is an indication t ! ^w1 z us$ 9 ?is *apt]1 d5otes a class ( plants :i* are n commonly employ$ = food1 & ?is condition also is fulfill$ 9 ! cryptogamia4 ,!re are !n f\r special po9ts 9 ?is p]iod1 ( :i* two seem to correspond ) ! ,mosaic record1 :ile ! o!r two are unnotic$ 9 x4 ,! two po9ts ( correspond5ce are ! upheaval ( ! dry l&1 & ! preval5ce ( a v abundant & luxuriant ,flora4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! fif? & six? days1 ! words us$ ) ref]5ce to l& plants seem to d5ote a p]iod ( rem>kable developm5t1 r ?an ! fir/ appe>ance4 ,! two po9ts unnotic$ are ! beg9n+s ( animal & vegetable life4 ,9 ! case ( animal life ! omission has already be5 acc\nt$ =4 ,! beg9n+ ( vegetable life 0 probably contemporane\s ) t ( animal life1 = ea* is necess>y to ! o!r1 s9ce ! food ( ! animal mu/ be prep>$ by ! vegetable1 & aft] be+ us$ by ! =m] returns to a /ate 9 :i* x is fitt$ = ! n\ri%m5t ( ! latt]4 ,z animal life comm5c$ 9 ! ocean1 s 9 all probability did vegetable life1 ?\gh no c]ta9 traces ( x are f\nd 9 ! e>lie/ rocks2 b ?is is easily acc\nt$ = by ! v p]i%able "* ( ! simpl] =ms ( algae4 ,l ! e>lie/ animals1 ! fir/ algae 7 probably microscopic plants1 & ! omission ( any m5tion ( !m 0 !re=e inevitable4 ,"o *>act]i/ic ( cryptogamic vegetation is important = its be>+ on ! "w ( ! f\r? day4 ,almo/ all ! phan]ogamic plants are dep5d5t = _! developm5t ^u ! direct light & heat ( ! sun4 ,depriv$ ( ^! !y ei!r p]i% entirely1 or make an unheal?y gr[?1 & produce little or no fruit4 ,b ! cryptogamia1 9 g5]al1 ?rive be/ :5 !y are protect$ f ! direct rays ( ! sun4 ,!y n\ri% 9 a diffus$ light1 & ) abundant atmosph]ic moi/ure4 ,& s we f9d !m at ?is "t do+ :at seems a v important "w 9 ! progress ( ! _w4 ,by tak+ up & decompos+ ! excess ( c>bonic acid :i* at ?is "t probably exi/$ 9 ! atmosph]e1 !y at once purifi$ t atmosph]e1 & r5d]$ x fit = ! respiration ( m highly organiz$ creatures1 & laid up 9 ! e>? an invaluable /ore ( fuel = ! future use ( man4 ,! o!r ord]s ( vegetation seem to h exi/$ 9 v small proportions at ?is "t1 & only 9 _! l[] =ms4 ,z ! conditions ( ! e>? *ang$1 ! cryptogamia seem$ to h dw9dl$ away1 :ile high] =ms ( vegetation ass]t$ _! supremacy4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 improbable t a special developm5t at a mu* lat] p]iod is indicat$ by ! m5tion 9 ! second *apt] ( ! =mation ( ! g>d5 ( ,ed54 ,,section #g4 ,,! ,,f\r? ,,day4 ,& ,god said1 ,let !re be lum9>ies 9 ! firmam5t ( heav5 to divide betwe5 ! day & ! night1 & let !m be = signs & = seasons1 & = days & = ye>s4 ,& let !m be = lum9>ies 9 ! firmam5t ( heav5 to give light ^u ! e>?2 & x 0 s4 ,& ,god made ! two lum9>ies1 ! great ones2 ! lum9>y1 ! great "o1 to rule ov] ! day1 & ! lum9>y1 ! small "o1 to rule ov] ! night1 & also ! />s4 ,& ,god gave !m 9 ! firmam5t ( heav5 to give light ^u ! e>?4 ,& to rule ov] ! day & ov] ! night1 & to divide betwe5 ! light & betwe5 ! d>kness2 & ,god saw t x 0 good4 ,& !re 0 ev5+1 & !re 0 morn+1 a f\r? day4 ,?is day's "w diff]s f t ( ! prec$+ & succe$+ days1 9 ! fact t its sph]e 0 )\t ! e>?1 :i* 0 only indirectly influ5c$ by x1 & consequ5tly ! geological records give u no direct in=mation ^u ! subject1 ?\gh 9 two po9ts !y tally ) ! ,mosaical acc\nt4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! deposits ( coal1 :i* prec$$ ?is p]iod1 indicate a "t :5 a ne>ly uni=m temp]ature1 & t a high "o1 prevail$ ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,! coal b$s are f\nd n only 9 tropical regions1 b 9 v high latitudes4 ,n only is ! vegetation ( :i* ^! coalfields are ! result1 analog\s to t :i* is n[ f\nd 9 w>m climates only--7?is might be ! case1 & yet we %\ld n be ju/ifi$ 9 draw+ ! inf]5ce t ! actual species ( plants 7 tropical1 = x (t5 happ5s t diff]5t species ( ! same g5us1 hav+ consid]able ext]nal resemblance1 are v diff]5t 9 _! habits1 "s requir+ tropical heat1 :ile o!rs fl\ri% only 9 temp]ate climates7--b ! m>k$ feature is ! a/oni%+ luxuriance ( ?is vegetation1 :i* c\ld only h be5 develop$ "u ! mo/ fav\rable circum/ances ( w>m? & moi/ure4 ,n[ ! heat :i* any p>ticul> portion ( ! e>?'s surface receives f ! sun dep5ds entirely ^u ! latitude4 h5ce x is impossible t a uni=m high temp]ature c\ld exi/ 9 a _w :i* d]iv$ its heat :olly or *iefly f t s\rce4 ,:e!r ! high temp]ature :i* prevail$ on ! e>? dur+ ! deposition ( ! coal measures 0 d]iv$ f int]nal heat x is impossible to say2 x is evid5t t ! temp]ature ( ! e>?'s surface has be5 9 pa/ times1 & p]haps is n[1 modifi$ by causes :i* no sci5tific rese>* has be5 enabl$ to detect ,footnote3 ,s9ce ! sun's secul> motion has be5 kn[n1 a/ronom]s h sugge/$ t ! sol> sy/em has be5 c>ri$ ?r\gh portions ( space hav+ v>iable temp]atures4 ,geologi/s1 h[ev]1 d n seem incl9$ to accept ?is z a suffici5t reason = ! ph5om5a obs]v$44 ,b we may safely conclude t dur+ ! ?ird day ! e>? did n d]ive its heat f ! sun4 ,! second po9t1 ! b>r5ness ( ! geological records ( ?is p]iod1 w be notic$ h]eaft]4 ,! record ( ! f\r? day's "w admits ( two int]pretations1 x may describe ?+s m]ely z !y appe>$1 or z !y actually occurr$4 #a4 ,x is possible t ! ev5ts ( ! f\r? day may be describ$ ph5om5ally--t up to ?is p]iod ! /ate ( ?+s on ! e>? _h be5 to a great ext5t simil> to t :i* we h reason to believe is /ill exi/+ 9 ! planet ,jupit]- t ! atmosph]e 0 s *>g$ ) vap\r t no direct rays f ! heav5ly bodies c\ld p5etrate x2 b t at ?is "t1 ow+ to ! decl9+ heat1 a great "p ( ! aque\s con/itu5ts ( ?is vap\r _h be5 precipitat$ 9 ! =m ( ra91 :ile o!r vap\rs _h ent]$ into *emical comb9ations ) o!r elem5ts to =m ! v>i\s m9]als ( ! e>?'s surface1 & ! atmosph]e _h become fir/ transluc5t1 & !n transp>5t4 ,:ile ?is process 0 go+ on1 no direct light f ! sun1 suppos+ x to be already 9 exi/5ce1 c\ld p5etrate ! veil4 ,diffus$ light only c\ld rea* ! e>?'s surface1 b :5 ! atmosph]e became cle> ! sun1 moon1 & />s w\ld become visible4 ,aga9/ ?is view sev]al objections may be br\ght4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 z has be5 already notic$1 we _c treat ! acc\nt ( ! ,creation z d]iv$ f ord9>y human s\rces4 ,ei!r x is a revelation f ! ,creator or x is no?+4 ,n[ we c readily admit t a man1 speak+ ( an ev5t :i* lie _h witness$1 b did n und]/&1 w\ld describe x z x appe>$ to him1 b we _c admit ?is supposition :5 ! "w is describ$ by ! ,great ,artific] ,himself4 ,9 ! next place1 ! temp]ature ( ! e>?'s surface mu/ 9 ?is case h be5 affect$ by ! sun1 & mu/ !re=e h be5 m or less dep5d5t ^u latitude--& 9 ! ?ird place ! di/9ction betwe5 day & night mu/ h come into op]ation1 :]eas ! n>rative implies t x 0 yet incomplete4 #b4 ,! o!r possible int]pretation is1 t at ?is p]iod ! conc5tration ( light & heat 9 ! sun 0 s f> complet$ t he became ! lum9>y ( ! sy/em1 :i* _h hi!rto d]iv$ its light & heat f o!r s\rces4 ,probably1 = a long "t1 ! int]nal heat ( ! planets may h be5 s great t !y 7 a light to !mselves4 ,?is /ate ( ?+s1 h[ev]1 mu/ h come to an end be=e animal or vegetable life c\ld h exi/$ on _! surface1 b o!r ways exi/1 & are 9 op]ation 9 o!r p>ts ( ! univ]se1 by :i* light & heat might h be5 suppli$ indep5d5tly ( ! sun4 ,t light :i* is n[ ga!r$ up 9 ! sun might = a long "t h exi/$ z a nebul\s r+1 simil> to ! well-kn[n ,r+ ,nebula 9 ,lyra4 ,any planets exi/+ )9 su* a r+ w\ld probably d]ive f x suffici5t light & heat4 ,or ! nebul\s matt]1 9 a lum9\s /ate1 :ile sl[ly advanc+ to conc5tration1 might z yet h be5 s diffus$ z to fill a space 9 :i* ! e>?'s orbit 0 includ$4 ,9 ei!r case ! e>? w\ld h receiv$ a uni=m diffus$ light1 )\t any alt]nations ( night & day4 ,x is ( c\rse impossible t we %\ld be able to say :e!r !re are any worlds 9 :i* su* a /ate ( ?+s prevails at pres5t4 ,up to ?is "t1 ) "o possible exception1 ,footnote3 ,sirius is accompani$ by a #aj mag4 />1 ^: exi/5ce 0 suspect$ 7l t ( ,neptune71 long be=e its discov]y by ,alvan ,cl>k 9 #ahfa1 f ! irregul> movem5ts ( its prim>y4 ,b ?\gh x appe>s s small1 its di/urb+ effects c only be acc\nt$ = on ! supposition t its mass is at lea/ half t ( ,sirius1 9 :i* case its light mu/ be v fa9t1 possibly :olly reflect$4 7,webb's ,cele/ial ,objects1 p4 #bjb47 ! only worlds :i* ! telescope has reveal$ to u1 beyond ! limits ( our own sy/em1 are self-lum9\s4 ,no reflect$ light is /rong en\gh to make its exi/5ce p]ceptible at su* enorm\s di/ances 9 ! mo/ p[]ful telescope :i* has yet be5 con/ruct$4 ,!re are "s facts connect$ ) our own sy/em :i* make x appe> n improbable t up to ! "t ( :i* we are speak+ ! light :i* is n[ ga!r$ up 9 ! sun 0 diffus$ ov] a space 9 :i* at all ev5ts ! e>?'s orbit 0 includ$4 ,x is n[ a recogniz$ fact t all ! light ( ! sy/em is n z yet :olly conc5trat$ 9 ! sun1 z we g5]ally recognize x1 b t to "s ext5t ! sun is /ill a nebul\s />4 ,"u ord9>y circum/ances we see only t circul> disc1 :i* we usually recognize z ! sun4 ,its surpass+ brightness ov]p[]s e ?+ else1 :e!r we view x ) ! unaid$ eye or ?r\gh ! telescope4 ,b :5 ! actual disc is hidd5 f u by ! moon 9 a total eclipse1 o!r regions ( light surr\nd+ ! disc1 make _! appe>ance1 & 9 !m ! mo/ wond]ful processes are cont9ually go+ on4 ,! simultane\s discov]ies ( ,messrs4 ,locky] & ,janss51 9 #ahfh1 h enabl$ "s ( ^! processes to be cont9u\sly wat*$ :5 ! sun is n eclips$1 b o!rs c z yet only be se5 dur+ ! few m9utes 7nev] am\nt+ to sev57 :i* a total eclipse la/s1 s t z yet we "k v little ( !m4 ,imm$iately surr\nd+ ! disc ( ! sun1 :i* is visible to ! nak$ eye1 is a brilliant r+ ( light1 kn[n n[ z ! *romosph]e or si]ra4 ,?is is ! region :i* till #ahfh c\ld be se5 only dur+ total eclipses1 b c n[ be wat*$ at all times by means ( ! spectroscope4 ,9 x symptoms ( int5se action are f "t to "t witness$4 ,= _m ye>s pa/1 :5ev] a total eclipse occurr$1 !re 7 obs]v$ on ! edge ( ?is r+ c]ta9 r$ prom95ces4 ,! spectroscope has reveal$ _! nature4 ,!y consi/ *iefly ( enorm\s volumes ( hydrog51 eject$ f ! surface ( ! sun ) a velocity almo/ inconceivable1 & at ! same "t revolv+ ab\t _! axis aft] ! fa%ion ( a cyclone4 ,footnote3 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,review1 ,janu>y1 #ahgb1 p4 #aej2 ,look4 ,by]'s ,lecture on ! ,sun1 at ,man*e/]1 #ahga4 ,a v rem>kable in/ance ( ?is 0 obs]v$ 9 ,am]ica 9 ,septemb] #ahga1 by ,pr(essor ,"y4 ,a mass ( inc&esc5t hydrog5 0 propell$ to a height ( #bjj1jjj miles above ! visible disc2 ( ^! ! la/ #ajj1jjj miles 7 pass$ ?r\gh 9 #aj m9utes4 ,su* ev5ts1 ?\gh n commonly on s va/ a scale1 are cont9ually occurr+ on ! surface ( ! sun1 & !y seem to be 9 close connexion ) ! magnetic ph5om5a occurr+ on ! e>?4 ,beyond ! *romosph]e lies ! corona4 ,! spectroscope has n yet r5d]$ ?is visible at all times1 & consequ5tly we are dep5d5t ^u ! in=mation to be obta9$ dur+ ! few m9utes ( total eclipses1 :5 alone x is visible4 ,consequ5tly dur+ rec5t sol> eclipses ?is has be5 ! po9t to :i* ! att5tion ( a/ronom]s has be5 especially devot$4 ,! eclipse ( ,decemb]1 #ahgj1 decid$ "o po9t1 t ! corona 0 a truly sol> ph5om5on1 & n1 z "s a/ronom]s imag9$1 an optical ph5om5on1 produc$ by our own atmosph]e4 ,! corona pres5ts ! appe>ance ( nebul\s light1 fad+ z x becomes m remote f ! sun1 ( v irregul> outl9e1 at "s po9ts n ext5d+ m ?an #ae'1 at o!rs z mu* z #fj' or #gj' f ! sun's disc1 or1 9 o!r words1 rea*+ to di/ances f ! sun's surface v>y+ f #djj1jjj to #a1hjj1jjj miles4 ,m important in=mation has be5 obta9$ f ! eclipse ( ,decemb] #ab1ahga4 ,x is n[ asc]ta9$ t ! corona comprises n only gase\s elem5ts1 especially hydrog51 b also solid or fluid p>ticles1 capable ( giv+ a cont9u\s ?\gh v fa9t spectrum ) d>k l9es1 indicat+ ! exi/5ce ( matt] capable ( reflect+ light4 ,! "* ( ! coronal spectrum v mu* resembles t ( ! ,nebula 9 ,draco1 ,no4 #dcgc4 ,! asc]ta9$ ext5t ( ! corona exce$s a million ( miles above ! surface ( ! sun1 & x seems probable t ! ,zodiacal light is only a fa9t] ext5sion ( x4 ,footnote3 ,popul> ,sci5ce ,review1 ,april1 #ahgb1 pp4 #acf-adf4 ,on a cle> ev5+ 9 ! e>ly spr+ mon?s1 z soon z twilight is completely end$1 a conical /reak ( light may be sometimes se51 aris+' f ! we/]n horizon1 & ext5d+ ?r\gh an arc ( #fj or #gj degrees1 ne>ly 9 ! direction ( ! ,ecliptic1 & f9ally t]m9at+ 9 a po9t4 ,?is is ! ,zodiacal light4 ,9 tropical climates x is se5 mu* m frequ5tly1 ,footnote3 ,humboldt1 ,kosmos1 vol4 i4 p4 #abf 7,bohu's edition74 & is mu* m brilliant ?an 9 ,engl&4 ,?is !n is probably an envelope ( /ill fa9t] light ?an ! corona4 ,x mu/ ext5d beyond ! orbit ( ,v5us1 z ! maximum elongation ( ,v5us is #dg degrees1 :ile ! ,zodiacal light has be5 trac$ = #gj degrees1 & probably f>!r4 ,x is v possible t ! e>? is occasionally involv$ 9 x1 & t f x we d]ive t diffus$ light :i*1 ?\gh fa9t1 is v s]viceable to u on a />less ev5+1 & ( :i* no o!r acc\nt has z yet be5 giv54 ,! light we receive 9 ?is way is (t5 z p[]ful z t :i* we %\ld receive f ! />s if !y 7 n hidd5 by cl\ds4 ,^! ph5om5a seem to po9t to ! conclusion t ! cond5sation ( light 9 ! sun has be5 a v gradual process1 :i* is ev5 yet incomplete4 ,if we suppose t at ! "t ( ! =mation ( ! coal measures x 0 n f> advanc$1 b t a diffus$ light ext5d$ beyond ! orbit ( ! e>?1 simil> 9 "s respects to ! pres5t ,zodiacal light1 b equal 9 int5sity to ! light :i* we n[ see 9 ! corona1 ! ph5om5a ( ! ?ird day w be satisfactorily acc\nt$ =4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 /ill an enorm\s am\nt ( my/]y connect$ ) ! sun4 ,x is ! c5tre f :i* an inconceivable am\nt ( =ce 9 ! %ape ( light1 heat1 act9ism1 & probably o!r manife/ations1 is h\rly p\r$ =?4 ,if ! :ole ( t =ce 7 divid$ into two ?\s& million p>ts1 ! portion receiv$ by ! e>? w\ld be repres5t$ by "o ( ^? p>ts1 & ! :ole am\nt receiv$ by all ! planets w\ld fall %ort ( twelve ( !m4 ,all ! re/ is radiat$ away into space1 & s f> z we "k at pres5t lo/ to ! sy/em4 ,! "q !n arises1 ,h[ is ?is enorm\s exp5diture suppli$8 ,v>i\s s\rces ( heat h be5 sugge/$1 b none ( !m seem satisfactory4 ,"o conceivable s\rce !re is1 b t lies out ( ! doma9 ( sci5ce4 ,!n aga91 metals1 :i* only our mo/ p[]ful furnaces w ev5 melt1 exi/ 9 ! sun's atmosph]e 9 ! /ate ( vap\r4 ,:at mu/ be ! int5sity ( ! heat :i* und]lies t metallic atmosph]e8 & :at c be ! solid or fluid sub/ances :i*1 f ! cont9uity ( ! spectrum1 we "k mu/ exi/ !re8 ,we turn n[ to ! ,mosaic ,record to see :at light x ?r[s ^u & receives f ?is inve/igation4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be notic$ is t ! ^w us$ by ,moses = ! sun & moon is n ! same z t employ$ to d5ote light4 ,x prop]ly signifies a light-hold]1 su* z a c&le/ick1 & h>monizes ) ! view t ! sun 9 8 orig9al /ate 0 n lum9\s1 b 0 made a lum9>y by ! cond5sation ( light previ\sly exi/5t "u o!r conditions4 ,9 ! next place1 ?\gh ! app>5t dim5sions ( ! sun & moon are ! same1 ,moses correctly describes ! "o z ! great light1 ! o!r z ! little light1 ?us indicat+ a k to :i* ! a/ronom]s ( 8 day _h probably n atta9$4 ,! relation betwe5 ! acc\nts ( ! fir/ & f\r? day's "w becomes cle> if we assume t ! sun 0 n made a lum9>y till ! f\r? day4 ,! division ( night & day dep5ds ^u two ?+s1 ! rotation ( ! e>? ^u its axis1 & ! conc5tration ( light 9 ! sun4 ,h5ce :5 ! rotation ( ! e>? comm5c$ t division 0 pot5tially provid$ =1 b ! provision w\ld n take effect until ! second condition 0 fulfill$ by ! conc5tration ( light 9 ! sun4 ,! indications giv5 by ! coal measures po9t1 z we h se51 to ! same conclusion4 ,! only rema9+ "q is ,:at 0 go+ on 9 ! e>? at ! same "t8 ,our mat]ials = answ]+ ?is "q are b scanty4 ,s great an alt]ation 9 ! s\rces ( light & heat mu/ h involv$ great physical *anges on ! e>?'s surface1 & !re is reason to believe t great me*anical =ces 7 at "w produc+ va/ *anges 9 ! relations ( l& & wat]4 ,x has long be5 ! op9ion ( ! mo/ em95t geologi/s t ! coalfields ( ,lanca%ire & ,york%ire 7 once unit$1 ! upp] coal measures & ! ov]ly+ ,mill/one ,grit & ,tor$ale ,bocks hav+ be5 subsequ5tly remov$ by d5udation2 b :at is rem>kable is ! anci5t date n[ assign$ to ?is d5udation1 = x seems t a ?ickness ( no less ?an #aj1jjj feet ( ! coal measures _h be5 c>ri$ away be=e ! deposition ( ev5 ! l[] ,p]mian ,rocks1 :i* 7 ?r[n d[n ^u ! already di/urb$ truncat$ edges ( ! coal /rata4 ,footnote3 ,lyell1 ,geology = ,/ud5ts1 p4 #cgg4 ,& ?is is b a s+le in/ance4 ,dur+ ! int]val betwe5 ! deposition ( ! coal measures1 :i* seem to belong to ! ?ird1 & ! ,saurian rema9s :i* m>k ! fif? day1 we h ! ,p]mian & ,triassic ,rocks1 ( :i* ! ,magnesian4 ,lime/one & ! new ,r$ ,s&/one are ! mo/ important repres5tatives 9 ,engl&4 ,till a v rec5t p]iod x 0 ?\ght t ^! rocks belong$ to a p]iod rem>kably de/itute ( animal life1 v few fossils hav+ be5 f\nd 9 !m4 ,rec5tly1 h[ev]1 "s v ri* deposits h be5 f\nd 9 ! ,tyrol1 belong+ to ?is p]iod1 b !y are only local4 ,( ! ,p]mian =mation ,sir ,c4 ,lyell says1 ,n "o ( ! species 7( fossils7 is common to rocks new] ?an ! ,palaeozoic4 ,footnote3 ,geology = ,/ud5ts1 p4 #cfi4 ,?is 0 n !n a "t = ! orig9ation ( new =ms ( life4 ,9 ! ,trias1 h[ev]1 ! new developm5t ( life1 :i* 0 to atta9 its full dim5sions on ! fif? day1 beg9s to op5 ^u u4 ,! e>lie/ ,saurian fossils are f\nd1 & ! rocks /ill pres5t u ) impressions ( ! feet ( reptiles & birds1 :i* walk$ ov] ! s(t sea%ore1 & left footpr9ts1 :i* 7 fir/ dri$ & h>d5$ by ! sun & w9d1 & !n fill$ up ) fre% s& by ! return+ tide1 b nev] entirely coalesc$ ) ! new mat]ial4 ,at ! close ( ?is p]iod ! fir/ traces ( mammalian life occur1 9 ! %ape ( tee?1 :i* are suppos$ to h belong$ to "s small ,m>supial quadrup$s1 & 9 ,am]ica ! :ole l[] jaws ( ?ree su* animals h be5 discov]$2 b no o!r rema9s h z yet be5 trac$4 ,! ,trias !n seems to m>k ! b\nd>y betwe5 ! f\r? & fif? days4 ,! f\r? day seems to h be5 on ! e>? a p]iod ( great *ange1 n only 9 physical conditions1 b also 9 ! =ms ( life4 ,9 ! latt] po9t ( view1 h[ev]1 x seems to h be5 m>k$ by ! pass+-away ( old =ms mu* m ?an by ! orig9ation ( new ones1 & h5ce ! b>r5ness ( ! ,geological ,records is 9 exact accordance ) ! sil5ce ( ! ,mosaic ,record z to any new developm5ts4 ,,section #h4 ,,! ,,fif? ,,day ,& ,god said4 ,let ! wat]s sw>m sw>ms1 ! s\l ( life1 & let f[l fly above ! e>? 9 ! face ( ! firmam5t ( heav54 ,& ,god creat$ ! mon/]s1 ! great ones1 & e s\l ( life t creepe?1 ) :i* ! wat]s sw>m$1 aft] _! k9d1 & e w+$ f[l aft] 8 k9d2 & ,god saw t x 0 good4 ,& ,god bless$ !m1 say+1 ,be fruitful & multiply1 & fill ! wat]s 9 ! sea1 & let f[l multiply on ! e>?4 ,& !re 0 ev5+1 & !re 0 morn+1 a fif? day4 ,! fif? & six? days ( ,creation are ^? to :i* ! !ory ( developm5t *iefly ref]s4 ,x w1 !re=e1 be bett] to def] ! consid]ation ( its be>+ on ! n>rative till ! relation ( t n>rative to ,geological facts has be5 consid]$1 s9ce x c only be ?or\ghly weigh$ :5 tak5 9 connexion ) ! facts :i* belong to ! two days4 ,! beg9n+ ( ! fif? day may be assign$ to a po9t ne> :]e ! ,trias is succe$$ by ! ,lias4 ,z ! ,trias is draw+ to its close1 ! class ( reptiles1 ^: fir/ kn[n appe>ance belongs to ! c>bonif]\s epo* ( ! ?ird day1 beg9s to %[ signs ( advance4 ,! fir/ true ,saurians are f\nd 9 ! ,trias3 ! great developm5t takes place 9 ! ,lias & ,oolite1 :ile 9 ! *alk l>ge quantities ( k9dr$ rema9s are f\nd1 :i*1 h[ev]1 are n id5tical ) ! species f\nd 9 ! e>li] gr\ps4 ,( ^! "s 7 probably almo/ entirely aquatic1 z _! limbs take ! =m ( paddles2 o!rs 7 purely t]re/rial1 a l>ge proportion 7 amphibi\s1 & "s1 z ! pt]odactylus1 bore ! same relation to ! re/ ( _! class z ! bats be> to ! o!r mammalia1 be+ furni%$ ) membran\s w+s1 support$ ^u a special developm5t ( ! ant]ior limbs4 ,"o important *>act]i/ic ( ! race at ?is "t 0 ! great size ( _m ( its memb]s3 ?irty feet is by no means an uncommon l5g?4 ,?is m>ks ! fitness ( ! "n giv5 to ! class by ,moses4 ,v few actual rema9s ( birds h be5 f\nd2 b ?is is n surpris+1 s9ce birds w\ld r>ely be expos$ to ! conditions :i* 7 ess5tial to ! fossilization ( _! rema9s4 ,! e>lie/ kn[n fossil bird is ! ,ar*aeopt]yx1 ! rema9s ( :i* 7 f\nd 9 #ahfb 9 ! ,sol5h(5 ,slates1 :i* belong to ! ,oolite =mation4 ,?\gh ! actual rema9s ( birds are v few1 traces ( _! footpr9ts h be5 f\nd 9 _m places1 f ! ,new ,r$ ,s&/one upw>ds1 & ^! traces prove n only t !y 7 v num]\s1 b also t !y atta9$ to a gigantic size1 z _! feet 7 sometimes f twelve to fifte5 in*es 9 l5g?1 & _! /ride ext5d$ f six to eight feet4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod1 !n1 ^! two classes mu/ h be5 ! dom9ant races ( ! e>?4 ,z ! precursors ( ^! classes made _! appe>ance at a mu* e>li] p]iod1 s ! epo* ( birds & reptiles witness$ ! beg9n+ & gradual advance ( ! class :i* 0 to succe$ !m 9 ! =emo/ place--! mammalia4 ,g5]ally1 h[ev]1 ! mammalian rema9s ( ?is p]iod belong to :at are consid]$ ! l[] classes--! monotremata & m>supialia4 ,! close ( ?is p]iod mu/ h be5 a "t ( great di/urbance 9 ! ,nor!rn ,hemisph]e1 s9ce ! *alk :i* runs ?r\gh a great "p ( ,nor!rn ,europe1 & frequ5tly atta9s a ?ickness ( #ajjj feet1 mu/ h be5 deposit$ at ! bottom ( a deep sea1 & subsequ5tly elevat$4 ,,section #i4 ,,! ,,six? ,,day4 #a4 ,! ,mammalia4 ,& ,god said1 ,let ! e>? cause to g =? ! s\l ( life1 cattle1 & creep+ ?+1 & ! bea/ ( ! e>? 7wild animals7 aft] 8 k9d2 & x 0 s4 ,& ,god made ! bea/ ( ! e>? aft] 8 k9d1 & cattle aft] _! k9d1 & e creep+ ?+ ( ! gr\nd aft] 8 k9d2 & ,god saw t x 0 good4 ,9 ^! two v]ses !re are "o or two po9ts :i* call = notice4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! creatures m5tion$ are divid$ into ?ree classes1 ( :i* two1 cattle & ! bea/ ( ! e>?1 are tol]ably cle> 9 _! g5]al significance1 ?\gh _! ext5t is n det]m9$4 ,! ?ird is d5ot$ by a ^w :i* _h already be5 employ$ to describe ! "w ( ! fif? day1 & is translat$ 9 our v]sion creep+ ?+4 ,! probability seems to be t x has ref]5ce to su* classes ( animals z ! small] rod5tia1 & ! mu/elidas1 ^: motions may be appropriately describ$ by ! ^w creep+4 ,t x d5otes f\r-foot$ creatures has already be5 po9t$ out4 ,! next po9t is1 t 9 ea* case ! s+ul> is us$2 9 ! case ( ! dome/ic animals ?is fact is lo/ to ! ,engli% read] by ! use ( ! collective n\n cattle4 ,( c\rse x is a common usage1 to d5ote a class ( animals by a s+ul> n\n us$ g5]ically1 b ! /atem5ts ( ! passage w\ld also be ju/ifi$ if "o pair only ( ea* ( ! ?ree types specifi$ 7 call$ into exi/5ce at fir/4 ,x is also to be notic$ t :ile ! ^w ,hebrew script1 ! e>? is us$ to def9e ! wild bea/2 ano!r ^w1 ,hebrew script ! gr\nd1 is appli$ to ! creep+ ?+4 ,!re is probably a reason = ?is1 ?\gh x may n at pres5t be app>5t4 ,:5 we turn to ! ,geological record1 we f9d t ! p]iod ( ! *alk 0 foll[$ by ! deposition ( ! t]ti>y /rata4 ,dur+ ! upheaval ( ! *alk ^! /rata seem to h be5 gradually laid d[n 9 its holl[s1 & ar\nd its edges4 ,!y ext5d f ! ,london clay upw>d to ! crag =mations :i* appe> on ! ,ea/]n coa/ ( ,engl& at int]vals f ,bridl+ton to ,suffolk4 ,9 ^! /rata we see signs ( an approa* to ! exi/+ /ate ( ?+s4 ,z we asc5d ?r\gh !m1 a gradually increas+ numb] ( ! fossil %ells are f\nd to be specifically id5tical ) ^? :i* at pres5t inhabit ! ocean4 ,ano!r *>act]i/ic ( ?is p]iod is ! abundance ( fossil rema9s ( mammalia2 b 9 ?is case1 al?\gh ! rema9s are evid5tly1 9 _m cases1 ^? ( creatures ne>ly alli$ to ^? n[ exi/+1 !y are n id5tical1 v great modifications bo? ( bulk & ( m9or /ructural details hav+ tak5 place4 ,"o v important po9t ( diff]5ce is ! va/ly sup]ior bulk ( ^! anci5t animals3 a good illu/ration ( :i* may be se5 9 ! skeletons ( ! mammo? & ( ! mod]n elephant1 :i* are plac$ ne> ea* o!r 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,_m ( ^! animals appe> n to h become ext9ct till long aft] ! appe>ance ( man4 ,! fir/ appe>ance ( mammalia1 z has be5 already notic$1 mu/ h be5 long be=e ?is1 z ! e>lie/ fossils yet f\nd are at ! l[] limit ( ! ,lias4 ,!y belong1 h[ev]1 to ! g5us ,m>supialia1 ( :i*1 z f> z we "k1 no repres5tatives 7 9 exi/5ce 9 any "p ( ! _w kn[n to ,moses1 s t ev5 on ! supposition t he int5d$ to give an acc\nt ( ! fir/ appe>ance ( ! classes ( animals :i* he m5tions1 ! omission ( ^! w\ld h be5 inevitable4 ,8 words1 h[ev]1 appe> to po9t to a "t :5 ! mammalia occupi$ ! lead+ place1 j z ! reptiles _h occupi$ ! lead+ place at a previ\s epo*4 ,& 8 words are fully borne out by ! records ( ! rocks4 ,at ! close ( ! t]ti>y p]iod great *anges once m took place 9 ! ,nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,!re 0 a great & ext5sive subsid5ce1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* a l>ge portion ( ,nor!rn & ,middle ,europe mu/ h be5 "u wat]1 ! m\nta9 summits only appe>+ z deta*$ isl&s4 ,at ! same "t1 f causes utt]ly unkn[n to u1 !re 0 a great depression ( temp]ature1 ! result ( :i* 01 t all1 or ne>ly all ! l&1 9 ^? regions :i* 7 n subm]g$1 0 cov]$ ) glaci]s1 mu* z ,gre5l& is n[1 & f ^! glaci]s va/ iceb]gs mu/ f "t to "t h be5 deta*$ by ! sea & float$ (f1 c>ry+ ) !m fragm5ts ( rock1 "s fre%ly brok51 "s r\nd$ by long attrition1 :i* 7 deposit$ on ! !n subm]g$ l&s z ! ice melt$1 & are n[ f\nd z b\ld]s1 sometimes ly+ on ! surface1 at o!rs disp]s$ ?r\gh b$s ( clay & s& =m$ "u wat] f ! debris worn d[n by ! glaci]s4 ,a subsequ5t movem5t ( elevation u%]$ 9 ! /ate ( ?+s :i* exi/s on ! e>? at ! pres5t "t4 #b4 ,man4 ,& ,god said1 ,let ,u make man 7,adam7 9 ,our image aft] ,our lik5ess2 & he %all h dom9ion ov] ! fi% ( ! sea1 & ov] ! f[l ( ! heav51 & ov] ! cattle1 & ov] all ! e>?1 & ov] e creep+ ?+ t creepe? ^u ! e>?4 ,& ,god creat$ man 7! ,adam7 9 ,8 image1 9 ! image ( ,god creat$ ,he him2 male & female ,he creat$ !m4 ,& ,god bless$ !m1 & ,god said to !m1 ,be fruitful & multiply1 & fill ! e>? & subdue x2 & rule ov] ! fi% ( ! sea1 & ! f[l ( ! heav51 & ov] e animal t creepe? ^u ! e>?4 ,& ,god said1 ,behold1 ,i h giv5 y e h]b se$+ se$1 :i* is ^u ! face ( all ! e>?1 & e tree :i* has 9 x ! fruit ( a tree se$+ se$2 to y x %all be = food4 ,& to e animal ( ! e>?1 & to e f[l ( ! heav51 & to e ?+ t creepe? ^u ! e>?1 9 :i* is ! s\l ( life1 e gre5 h]b is = meat2 & x 0 s4 ,& ,god saw e ?+--:i* ,he _h made1 & behold x 0 good exce$+ly4 ,& !re 0 ev5+ & !re 0 morn+1 ! six? day4 ,! t]ms 9 :i* ! ,creation ( man is spok5 ( are su* z to *all5ge p>ticul> att5tion & to induce u to expect some?+ v diff]5t f :at occurr$ on any previ\s occasion4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 m ag5ts ?an "o are introduc$ by ! use ( ! plural =m ( ! v]b1 & ?us at ! v comm5cem5t ( man's c>e] !re is an intimation ( t my/]i\s fact ( ! ,tr9ity 9 ,unity :i* 0 to h s important an influ5ce ^u 8 future de/9y4 ,!n we are told t man 0 to be =m$ 9 ! ,image ( ,god1 a /atem5t :i* probably is ( v wide import4 ,x has be5 v>i\sly int]pret$ z hav+ ref]5ce to ! spiritual1 moral1 & intellectual nature ( man2 to ! fact t ! nature ( man 0 aft]w>ds to be assum$ by ! ,second ,p]son ( ! ,tr9ity2 to ! delegat$ empire ( ?is _w :i* man 0 to hold4 ,!re are two expressions ( ,/4 ,paul3 t man is ! image & glory ( ,god 7#a ,cor4 xi4 #g71 & t ! invisible ?+s ( ,him f ! creation ( ! _w are cle>ly se51 be+ und]/ood by ! ?+s t are made1 ev5 ,8 et]nal ,p[] & ,godhead 7,rom4 i4 #bj71 :i* seem to indicate t ?is record has a significance :i* z yet we c only p>tially und]/&4 ,!n ! /ory ( man's creation is repeat$ 9 ! second *apt]1 & :ile ! o!r ev5ts record$ 9 ! fir/ *apt] are v briefly summ>iz$1 t ( man is v mu* amplifi$4 ,?is does riot necess>ily indicate an indep5d5t acc\nt1 z is sometimes ass]t$2 at ! f\r? v]se ( ! second *apt] a di/9ct portion ( revelation comm5ces--! special deal+ ( ,god ) man1 & ?is c\ld n be intelligible )\t an am\nt ( detail ) ref]5ce to man's orig91 :i* w\ld h be5 out ( place 9 ! %ort acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ! _w by :i* x is prec$$4 ,9 ?is acc\nt ! creation ( ,adam & ,eve is record$ z two sep>ate ev5ts1 ! latt] ( :i* is describ$ 9 t]ms ( deep my/]y1 ( :i* all t we c say is t !y po9t to t /ill deep] my/]y--! bir? ( ! ,bride-- ! ,lamb's ,wife f ! pi]c$ side ( ! ,lamb4 ,b 9 ! case ( ,adam !re is a rem>kable diff]5ce f any?+ t has gone be=e4 ,two di/9ct acts ( creation are record$2 "o ( :i* places man be=e u 9 8 physical relation to ! l[] animals1 :ile ! o!r treats ( him 9 8 spiritual relation to 8 ,mak]4 ,! ,"l ,god =m$ man 7! ,adam7 du/ f ! gr\nd 7adamah71 & brea!d into 8 no/rils ! brea? ( lives2 & man became a s\l ( life4 ,! inspiration ( ! brea? ( lives di/+ui%es ! creation ( man f t ( all o!r creatures4 ,! ,geological records h>monize exactly ) ! ,bible z to ! date ( man's appe>ance on ! e>?4 ,x is t[>ds ! close ( ! age ( gigantic mammalia1 t ! e>lie/ rema9s ( man's workman%ip make _! appe>ance 9 ! %ape ( tools & weapons rudely fa%ion$ f /one4 ,p>ts ( human skeletons h also be5 occasionally f\nd1 b !y are exce$+ly r>e4 ,weapons & bones are alike conf9$ to sup]ficial1 & comp>atively v rec5t =mations4 ,f su* traces z h be5 f\nd !re is no reason to believe t any physical *anges ( importance h tak5 place 9 man's body s9ce 8 fir/ appe>ance on ! e>?4 ,! diff]5ces :i* d exi/ are ( ! same k9d z1 & n great] ?an1 ! diff]5ces :i* exi/ betwe5 individuals at pres5t4 ,! gift ( dom9ion ov] ! l[] animals seems to indicate some?+ diff]5t f t :i* gives "o animal sup]iority ov] ano!r1 & accord+ly we f9d t x is n by physical p[] t t dom9ion is ex]cis$2 b t 9 mo/ ( 8 physical faculties man is inf]ior to ! v animals :i* he holds 9 subjection4 ,x is p>tly 9 virtue ( 8 intellectual sup]iority1 & p>tly p]haps by means ( an in/9ctive recognition on ! "p ( ! animals ( man's high] nature 7,g54 ix4 #b7 t t supremacy is ma9ta9$4 ,,section #aj4 ,,developm5t4 ,we h n[ to consid] ! "q ( developm5t1 9 ref]5ce to ! ,mosaic ,record ( ! la/ two days1 & to ! kn[n facts to :i* t record has relation4 ,! acc\nt ( ! ?ird day's "w has also a be>+ on ! subject1 b z ! same consid]ations w to a great ext5t apply to animals & to plants1 x w n be necess>y to make any special ref]5ce to x4 ,! facts 9 fav\r ( ! !ory ( developm5t are ^!3--#a4 ,! diff]5t classes ( plants & animals are n sep>at$ by broad l9es ( dem>cation1 b %ade ins5sibly into ea* o!r4 #b4 ,! *>act]i/ics ( ! same species are n con/ant2 ! lion1 = in/ance1 ! horse1 ! elephant1 & ! hy5a ( ! pres5t day diff] 9 _m m9or po9ts f ! correspond+ animals ( ! ,t]ti>y p]iod1 s t unless !re 0 a possibility ( spontane\s *ange1 we mu/ assume successive creations ( animals1 ) only trivial diff]5ces4 #c4 ,9 all animals !re are m9ute individual diff]5ces1 & if "u any circum/ances ^! diff]5ces _h a t5d5cy to accumulate1 !y might 9 ! c\rse ( "t result 9 great /ructural modifications4 #d4 ,man has be5 able to take advantage ( ?is fact & by c>eful selection to m\ld ! bre$s ( dome/ic animals to a c]ta9 ext5t 9 accordance ) 8 own wi%es4 ,! !ory ( developm5t assumes t = ! c>e ( man o!r =ces might be sub/itut$1 :i* 9 a long c\rse ( ages might result 9 *anges ( f> great] ext5t ?an ^? produc$ by human ag5cy4 ,! =ces assign$ are natural selection & sexual selection4 ,! difficulties 9 ! way ( ?is hypo!sis h be5 already consid]$1 & only require to be briefly re-/at$4 #a4 ,z reg>ds modifications ( organs already exi/+1 ! two alleg$ causes are insuffici5t to acc\nt = ! results :i* we witness1 s9ce 9 ea* individual case ! concurr5ce ( _m cont+5t causes1 cont9u$ ?r\gh a long s]ies ( ages1 is requir$ to produce ! result4 ,b ! probabilities aga9/ su*1 a concurr5ce 9 any "o case are enorm\s1 & aga9/ _! concurr5ce 9 a l>ge numb] ( cases ! *ances are practically inf9ite4 #b4 ,t su* causes d n at all acc\nt = cases 9 :i* an entirely new organ is develop$1 su* z mamm>y gl&s--or = ! case ( man1 9 :i* intellectual sup]iority is accompani$ by a loss ( physical p[]4 #c4 ,t f ! nature ( ! case x is impossible = u to asc]ta9 t natural or sexual selection has ev] act$ to produce a s+le modification1 h[ev] small1 & t ! results ( man's sup]9t5d5ce h n z yet pass$ beyond c]ta9 n>r[ limits1 s t !re is no ju/ification = ! assumption t su* modifications are capable ( be+ c>ri$ to an unlimit$ ext5t4 ,we see t 9 ! only case 9 :i* *ange is kn[n to h be5 br\ght ab\t1 x has be5 ! result ( *oice & design4 ,if !n !re is a probability t *oice & design may h be5 ex]cis$ by a p[] high] ?an man1 !re is no long] any reason to d\bt b t results mu* great] ?an any to :i* man c atta9 may h be5 br\ght ab\t by ! same means4 ,& 9 fact ! advocates ( ! !ory ( developm5t d virtually admit ! exi/5ce & action ( su* a p[]1 :5ev] !y h rec\rse to assum$ laws to acc\nt = ph5om5a = :i* _! nak$ !ory c give no reason4 ,=1 z has be5 %[n1 law1 if x is to be assign$ z an effici5t cause1 & n m]ely z ! /atem5t ( obs]v$ facts1 c only be reg>d$ z ! express$ & en=c$ w ( a high] p[]4 ,& !re 0 no reason :y ^? m9ute v>iations !mselves1 :i* are ! basis ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's hypo!sis1 %\ld be consid]$ casual4 ,in/ead !n ( natural selection1 or sexual selection1 let u suppose t ! selection took place "u ! sup]9t5d+ c>e ( ! ,creator1 & 0 direct$ t[>ds ! c>ry+ out ( ,8 designs1 & !n we %all h no reason to d\bt b t all results :i* consi/$ only 9 ! modification ( exi/+ organs may h be5 obta9$ by ! op]ation ( ^? laws :i* we t]m natural1 because !y express modes ( op]ation ) :i* we are s famili> t we look ^u !m z automatic4 ,b !re are o!r results = :i* no natural laws ) :i* we are acqua9t$ w ?us acc\nt4 ,j z no me*anical laws )9 our k w acc\nt = ! rotation ( ! e>?1 s no physiological laws yet discov]$ w acc\nt = ! *anges :5 totally new ord]s ( be+ came on ! /age--:5 ! c\rse ( life took1 z x 71 a new po9t ( dep>ture4 ,b x is precisely at ^! po9ts t ! ,mosaic ,record po9ts to a special int]f]5ce on ! "p ( ! ,creator4 ,h[ t int]f]5ce took place we are n in=m$4 ,v possibly x may h be5 ! result ( o!r laws :i* lie :olly out ( ! rea* ( our p[]s ( obs]vation4 ,b :atev] may h be5 its "*1 x does n 9 any way imply *ange or defect 9 ! orig9al plan1 unless we "k1 7:at we d n "k1 & _c asc]ta97 t su* int]f]5ce =m$ no "p ( ! orig9al design4 ,ev]y?+ be>s ! m>ks ( progressive developm5t1 & !re is no?+ improbable1 b r ! rev]se1 9 ! supposition t su* a plan %\ld include special /eps ( advance to be made :5 ! prep>ation = !m 0 complet$4 ,! ,mosaic ,record tells u no?+ ab\t ! me?od by :i* ,god creat$ ! diff]5t v>ieties ( plants & animals4 ,all t we read !re is j z applicable to a process ( evolution1 z to any o!r me?od :i* we may be able to imag9e4 ,b x is rem>kable t :at ,moses does say is j :at is requir$ to make ,mr4 ,d>w9's !ory possible4 ,s f> !n z ! l[] ord]s ( creation are conc]n$1 ! hypo!sis ( developm5t1 modifi$ by ! admission ( uni=m sup]9t5d5ce & occasional special int]f]5ces on ! "p ( ! ,creator1 may be accept$ z be+ ! mo/ satisfactory explanation t c be giv51 9 ! pres5t /ate ( physiological sci5ce1 ( ! ,scriptural ,n>rative4 ,b we h yet to consid] ?is hypo!sis z appli$ to man 9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's late/ "w4 ,we naturally recoil f ! ?\ght t we h sprung f "s l[] race ( animals--t we are only ! desc5dants ( "s race ( an?ropoid apes4 ,s long z x is ass]t$ t we are no m ?an ?is1 we may well be reluctant to admit ! sugge/ion4 ,b if x be admitt$ t to a physical nature =m$ l ! bodies ( ! l[] animals1 a special spiritual gift may h be5 sup]add$1 ! difficulty vani%es4 ,all ,mr4 ,d>w9's argum5ts ) ref]5ce to physical resemblances may !n be admitt$1 & we may all[ t he has giv5 a probable explanation ( ! me?od by :i* ! ,"l ,god =m$ ! ,adam1 du/ f ! gr\nd :ile we ma9ta9 t ! intellectual & moral faculties ( man are d]iv$ f a s\rce :i* lies beyond ! inve/igations ( sci5ce4 ,! conclusions to be drawn f ?is inve/igation may be briefly summ$ up z foll[s3-- #a4 ,!re is e reason to conclude t ! process ( ,creation 0 c>ri$ on1 9 great "p1 "u ! op]ation ( ! sy/em ( natural laws :i* we /ill see act+ 9 ! _w ar\nd u3 su* laws be+ s f> z we are conc]n$ only an expression ( an obs]v$ uni=mity 9 ! action ( t ,be+ by :om ! ,univ]se 0 creat$ & is upheld4 #b4 ,t inasmu* z ! developm5t ( a new /ate ( ?+s diff]s f ! ma9t5ance ( a condition already exi/+1 ! work+ ( ^! laws 0 necess>ily f "t to "t supplem5t$ by special int]f]5ces ( ! ,creator1 b t su* int]f]5ces =m$ p>ts ( ! orig9al design1 & are n indications ( any?+ 9 ! %ape ( *ange or failure4 #c4 ,t _m ( ! ev5ts record$ 9 ! ,mosaic ,record are ( ! nature ( su* special int]f]5ces1 :ile o!rs po9t to rem>kable developm5ts ( p>ticul> =ms ( organic life4 #d4 ,t ^! int]f]5ces ?us record$ occur at ! exact po9ts at :i* natural laws1 s f> z sci5ce has yet be5 able to asc]ta9 !m1 are inadequate to produce ! ph5om5a :i* !n took place1 & t ! developm5ts are prov$ by geology to h tak5 place at ! po9ts indicat$4 #e4 ,t ! six days into :i* ! "w is divid$ by ,moses d correspond to ! probable ord] ( developm5t--t 9 ?ree ( !m1 ! ?ird1 fif?1 & six?1 ?is correspond5ce is m>k$ by facts asc]ta9$ by ,geology--t ! f\r?1 9 :i* no t]re/rial ph5om5on is record$1 corresponds to a v long p]iod 9 ! ,geological record 9 :i* no indications ( any new developm5t are f\nd--:ile ! fir/ & second indicate a /ate ( ?+s :i* ! nebul> hypo!sis r5d]s highly probable1 b ( :i* no positive in=mation is )9 ! rea* ( sci5ce4 ,admitt+ !n t !re is some?+ 9 ! way 9 :i* ! days are spok5 ( :i* we are at pres5t unable to und]/&1 we may yet confid5tly ass]t t su* a record c\ld n h be5 ! product ( man's ?\ght at ! p]iod at :i* x 0 writt54 ,x is utt]ly impossible t x %\ld h be5 ! result ( a s]ies ( =tunate conjectures )\t any f\ndation to re/ ^u1 & sci5tific f\ndation !re 0 none1 = !re is e reason to believe t ! sci5ces :i* might p]*ance n[ supply "s f\ndation are entirely ! gr[? ( ! la/ ?ree c5turies4 ,!re is !n only "o conclusion t we c draw1 t x is a revelation f ! ,creator ,himself1 & t if !re is any?+ 9 x :i* seems inexplicable or errone\s1 t appe>ance arises f our own ignorance ( facts1 & n f any error on ! "p ( ! ,au?or4