,illu/ration3 ,,edw>d ,,/ani=d ,,rog]s ,,/ate ,,( ,,new ,,york--,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,agriculture ,fifte5? ,annual ,report--,vol4 #c--,"p ,,ii ,,! ,,grapes ,,( ,,new ,,york ,,by ,u4 ,p4 ,,h$rick ,,assi/$ ,,by ,n4 ,o4 ,,boo? ,o4 ,m4 ,,taylor ,r4 ,,well+ton ,m4 ,j4 ,,dorsey ,report ( ! ,new ,york ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation = ! ,ye> #aijg ,,ii ,,albany ,j4 ,b4 ,,lyon ,,company1 ,,/ate ,,pr9t]s #aijh ,,new ,,york ,,agricultural ,,exp]im5t ,,/ation1 ,,g5eva1 ,n4 ,y41 ,decemb] #ca1 #aijg4 ,to ! ,honorable ,bo>d ( ,control ( ! ,new ,york ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation3 ,,g5tlem54--,i h ! honor to submit h]e) ,"p ,,ii ( ! report ( ?is in/itution = ! ye> #aijg1 to be kn[n z ,! ,grapes ( ,new ,york4 ,x is ! second 9 ! s]ies ( fruit publications :i* is n[ be+ prep>$ "u y\r au?ority4 ,?is volume is ! result ( ye>s ( record$ obs]vations by memb]s ( ! ,/ation /aff1 to :i* has be5 add$ ! collection ( a l>ge am\nt ( in=mation f practical gr[]s ( ! grape4 ,e ef=t has be5 made to insure complet5ess & accuracy ( /atem5t1 & to make ! "w a reliable guide z to all ! v>ieties ( grapes t are likely to meet ! att5tion ( ,new ,york grape-gr[]s4 ,x is believ$ t ?is volume w occupy a useful place 9 grape lit]ature & w be s]viceable to an important indu/ry 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,jordan1 ,director4 ,,preface ,! purpose ( ,! ,grapes ( ,new ,york is to record ! /ate ( developm5t ( ,am]ican grapes4 ,! title implies t ! "w is be+ done = a locality b 9 ?is matt] ,new ,york is repres5tative ( ! :ole c\ntry4 ,! cont5ts are3 ,brief hi/orical n>ratives ( ,old ,_w & ,new ,_w grapes2 an acc\nt ( ! grape regions & ( grape-gr[+ 9 ,new ,york1 ) /ati/ics relat+ to ! grape1 w9e & grape juice indu/ries 9 ?is ,/ate2 a discussion ( ! species ( ,am]ican grapes2 & ! synonymy1 bibliography1 economic /atus1 & full descriptions ( all ( ! important v>ieties ( ,am]ican grapes4 ,9 ! footnotes w be f\nd brief biographical sket*es ( ^? p]sons :o h contribut$ mo/ to ! evolution ( ! grape & to grape-gr[+ 9 ,am]ica & "s hi/orical & descriptive notices ( c]ta9 ?+s p]ta9+ to ! grape :i* d n belong 9 ! text & yet s]ve to give a bett] und]/&+ ( x or o!rwise add to ! complet5ess ( ! book4 ,color-plates are %[n ( v>ieties :i* f v>i\s /&po9ts are consid]$ mo/ important4 ,9 ! brief acc\nt ( ! ,old ,_w grape !re is little t is new4 ,its hi/ory is on record f ! e>lie/ times 9 ! lit]ature ( ne>ly all civiliz$ peoples4 ,a few facts1 select$ "h & !re1 h be5 tak5 to s]ve z an introduction to ! acc\nts ( ! ,new ,_w grapes4 ,s1 too1 ! hi/ory ( ! ,am]ican grape has be5 writt5 by o!rs &1 "h1 only ! ma9 facts h be5 set d[n z record$ 9 ! score or m books deal+ ) ?is fruit4 ,a few excursions h be5 made 9 hi!rto unexplor$ fields4 ,! purpose ( ^! hi/orical sket*es is to give ! read] a prop] p]spective ( ! "w 9 h&4 ,! grape is probably influ5c$ to a great] degree by soil1 climate1 & culture ?an any o!r fruit1 & a discussion ( its /atus _c be complete )\t due consid]ation ( ! environm5t 9 :i* x is gr[+4 ,h5ce !re is includ$ z full an acc\nt ( grape-gr[+ & ( ! grape regions 9 ,new ,york z space p]mits4 ,?is "p ( ! "w may s]ve ! prospective plant] some:at 9 select+ soils & locations b z x is n writt5 ) ?is z a *ief end1 x falls f> %ort ( "s ( ! /&>d treatises on grape culture 9 ?is respect4 ,comp>atively few /ati/ics are giv51 only ^? :i* are necess>y to %[ ! volume ( grape products & ! ext5t ( ! v9ey>ds 9 ! ,/ate & c\ntry at ! pres5t "t4 ,! figures = ! :ole c\ntry are surpass$ by ^? ( no o!r native fruit1 & only by corn & tobacco among all ! dome/icat$ native plants4 ,! botany ( ! grape has be5 ! mo/ p]plex+ problem to deal ) 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is "w4 ,! v>iability ( ! grape is s great1 & ! v>iations are s (t5 t[>d closely relat$ species1 t x is difficult to tell :]e "o species ends & ano!r beg9s4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 has l$ to diff]5ces 9 op9ions4 ,!n1 too1 ! sev]al monograph]s h n _h ! same specim5s to "w )2 m5 d n h ! same p[]s ( discrim9ation2 & ! arrangem5t ( botanical gr\ps1 bas$ ^u ! *>act]s ( ! plants & ! !ory ( desc5t ) adaptive modifications1 is n gov]n$ by def9ite rules2 h5ce botanical divisions are arbitr>y & diff] ) ! judgm5ts ( ! botani/s :o make !m4 ,= ^! reasons we h z _m diff]5t arrangem5ts ( species ( grapes z !re are m5 :o h work$ !m ov]4 ,s9ce ?is "w is n writt5 f ! /&po9t ( ! botani/ b ( ! horticulturi/1 no ef=t has be5 made to revise ! botany ( ! grape4 ,b x has be5 necess>y to select "s arrangem5t ( species 9 ord] to make su* disposition ( ! cultivat$ v>ieties t _! *>act]s & relation%ips c be/ be %[n4 ,9 mak+ a *oice ( ! sev]al rec5t classifications ( ,am]ican grapes1 ?ree ma9 consid]ations h be5 9 m9d3 ,fir/1 t ! arrangem5t %\ld sep>ate ! species 9 ! g5us freely1 ?us decreas+ ! size ( ! gr\ps s t !y may be m easily /udi$4 ,second1 t x %\ld %[ z cle>ly z possible ! relation%ips ( ! v>i\s gr\ps & ( _! developm5t--! evolution ( ! grape4 ,?ird1 t x be an arrangem5t 9 good /&+ ) botani/s & horticulturi/s4 ,aft] hav+ exam9$ all ,am]ican classifications ( grapes & all rec5t ,european ones1 ,bailey's classification1 z set =? 9 8 monograph ( ! ,vitaceae 9 ,gray's ,synoptical ,flora1 9 ! ,evolution ( our ,native ,fruits1 & 9 ! ,cyclop$ia ( ,am]ican ,horticulture1 0 adopt$4 ,! ,grapes ( ,new ,york makes its *ief contribution to ! pomology ( ! c\ntry 9 ! description ( v>ieties4 ,! au?ors h tri$ to /udy v>ieties f e po9t ( view1 n alone nor *iefly1 x mu/ be said1 ) reg>d to _! cultural value2 = mo/ ( ! v>ieties pass out ( cultivation & su* in=mation w\ld be wor?less )9 a few ye>s at mo/4 ,b1 r1 ! ef=t has be5 to det]m9e :at elem5t>y or unit *>act]s ! grape possesses z %[n 9 its botanical & horticultural gr\ps4 ,! ,tw5tie? ,c5tury beg9s ) ! unanim\s judgm5t ( sci5ti/s t ! *>act]s ( plants are indep5d5t entities :i* are ?r[n into v>i\s relation%ips ) ea* o!r 9 individuals & gr\ps ( individuals4 ,?is conception ( unit *>act]s lies at ! f\ndation ( plant improvem5t4 ,we are b beg9n+ ! bre$+ ( ,am]ican grapes & x has seem$ to ! writ] t ! mo/ important "p ( ?is und]tak+ is to discov] & record z f> z possible ^! unit *>act]s ( grapes1 !reby aid+ to furni% a f\ndation = grape-bre$+4 ,! great problem ( plant-bre$+ 9 ! future w be to correlate ! *>act]s kn[n to exi/ 9 ! plant be+ improv$2 we mu/ "k :at ^! are be=e we beg9 to comb9e & re>range !m4 ,! v>ieties are arrang$ alphabetically ?r\gh\t1 ?\gh1 7 pres5t k exact en\gh1 x w\ld be f> bett] to arrange !m 9 natural gr\ps4 ,su* a classification is probably possible1 b x rema9s = future work]s to se>* out ! relation%ips :i* ! /ructures & qualities ( plant & fruit indicate & to gr\p ! v>ieties naturally r ?an alphabetically4 ,:]ev] possible 9 ?is "w1 h[ev]1 ! relation%ips ( v>ieties h be5 indicat$ z fully z k p]mits1 ?us mak+ a />t t[>d natural classification4 ,9 ! li/s ( synonyms giv51 all kn[n names = a v>iety us$ 9 ! ,am]ican lit]ature ( ! grape are br\ght toge!r4 ,^! li/s ought to be useful 9 correct+ & simplify+ ! nom5clature ( ! grape :i*1 l t ( all ( our fruits1 is 9 m or less confusion4 ,x is hop$ t ! "w may become a /&>d guide1 = "s "t to come at lea/1 9 ! id5tification ( v>ieties & 9 nom5clature1 & t x w aid orig9ators ( new grapes & nurs]ym5 9 avoid+ ! duplication ( names4 ,9 matt]s p]ta9+ to nom5clature1 ! revis$ rules ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society h be5 foll[$1 ?\gh 9 a few cases x has n seem$ be/ to make *anges :i* _! /rict obs]vance w\ld h requir$4 ,! necessity = rules is %[n by an exam9ation ( ! synonymy ( any consid]able numb] ( v>ieties z giv5 9 ! body ( ! "w4 ,9 "s cases v>ieties h f t5 to tw5ty names & v (t5 diff]5t v>ieties are f\nd to h ! same "n4 ,?is *aotic condition is confus+ & burd5some & x has be5 "o ( ! aims 9 ! prep>ation ( ! "w to set /raight ! horticultural nom5clature ( ! grape1 ?us less5+ ! difficulty & unc]ta9ty ( id5tification & mak+ ! comp>ative /udy ( v>ieties easi]4 ,x w\ld be impossible1 & n wor? :ile1 c\ld x be done1 to give all ( ! ref]5ces to be f\nd 9 ev5 ! /&>d grape lit]ature4 ,only su* h be5 giv5 z h be5 f\nd useful by ! writ]s or z w\ld s]ve to give ! future /ud5t ( ! lit]ature ( grape v>ieties a work+ basis4 ,a brief hi/ory ( ea* v>iety is giv5 s f> z x c be det]m9$ by correspond5ce & f grape lit]ature4 ,9 ^! hi/orical sket*es ! orig9ator & 8 me?od ( "w ju/ly receive mo/ att5tion4 ,! place1 date & circum/ances ( orig91 ! di/ributor1 & ! pres5t di/ribution ( ! v>iety1 are giv5 :5 kn[n & are ( ab\t equal importance 9 ! plan ( ?is "w4 ,! te*nical descriptions ( grapes are all fir/-h& & made by memb]s ( ! pres5t horticultural dep>tm5t ( ! ,/ation f liv+ plants4 ,b r>ely has x be5 necess>y to g to books = any "o "* ( a v9e or fruit ?\gh ! lead+ au?orities h be5 consult$ 9 ! f9al writ+ ( ! descriptions & modifications made :5 ! weight ( au?ority has be5 aga9/ ! records ( ! ,/ation4 ,"s diff]5ces mu/ be expect$ betwe5 descriptions ( v>ieties made 9 diff]5t ye>s1 diff]5t localities & by diff]5t m54 ,= mo/ "p ! v>ieties describ$ are gr[+ on ! ,/ation gr\nds b e opportunity has be5 tak5 to /udy sev]al specim5s ( ea* v>iety & especially ( ! fruit4 ,9 _m in/ances ! descriptions h be5 submitt$ to ! orig9ators1 introduc]s1 or to "s recogniz$ grape speciali/4 ,a numb] ( consid]ations h gov]n$ ! selection ( v>ieties = full descriptions4 ,^! are3 ,fir/1 ! value ( a v>iety = ! comm]cial or amateur gr[] = any "p ( ! ,/ate z det]m9$ by ! records ( ?is ,/ation1 by reports collect$ f ov] #bjjj grape-gr[]s1 & by publi%$ in=mation f :atev] s\rce4 ,second1 ! probable value ( new sorts z det]m9$ by _! behavior else:]e4 ,?ird1 to %[ comb9ations ( species or v>ieties1 or new *>act]s hi!rto unkn[n 9 fruit or v9e1 or to portray ! range 9 v>iation1 or to sugge/ to ! plant-bre$] a c\rse ( future developm5t4 ,f\r?1 a few sorts h be5 describ$ because ( _! hi/orical value--= ! retrospection ( ! grape-gr[] ( ! pres5t & ! future4 ,x is ne$less to say t _m ( ! v>ieties describ$ are wor?less to ! cultivator4 ,9 all ( ! descriptions ! ef=t has be5 to depict liv+ plants & n ?+s exi/+ only 9 books2 to give a p5 picture ( !m t w %[ all ( _! *>act]s4 ,an attempt has be5 made1 too1 to %[ ! bre$+ ( ! plants1 _! relation%ips2 to %[ :at comb9ation ( *>act]s exi/ 9 ! diff]5t gr\ps ( v>ieties2 to designate1 z f> z possible1 ! pla/ic types2 9 %ort to %[ grapes z v>iable1 pla/ic plants capable ( fur!r improvem5t & n z un*angeable organisms re/rict$ to def9ite =ms4 ,x is hop$ t ! color-plates w be ( great s]vice 9 illu/rat+ ! text4 ,all possible means at ! comm& ( photography & color pr9t+ h be5 us$ to make !m exact reproductions4 ,! specim5s1 too1 h be5 select$ ) ! utmo/ c>e4 ,9 prep>+ ^! illu/rations ! ?\ght has be5 t te*nical descriptions1 h[ev] simply writt51 are n easily und]/ood1 & t ! readie/ means ( comp>ison & id5tification = ! av]age read] w\ld be f\nd 9 ! color-plates4 ,?r\gh ^! & ! accompany+ descriptions x is hop$ t all :o desire may acquire1 ) "t & pati5ce1 a k ( ! botanical *>act]s ( grapes & !reby an und]/&+ ( ! te*nical descriptions4 ,! plates h be5 made "u ! p]sonal sup]vision ( ! writ]4 ,) all c>e possible1 due all[ance mu/ yet be made = ! failure to reproduce nature exactly 9 ! color-plates4 ,! plates are sev]al removes f ! fruit4 ,f\r negatives 7 tak5 ( ea* subject ) a color filt] betwe5 ! l5s & ! fruit4 ,a copp] plate 0 made f ea* negative1 "o = ea* ( ! f\r colors1 r$1 yell[1 black & blue4 ,! color-plates 9 ! book are compos$ ( ^! f\r colors1 comb9$ by ! cam]a1 ! arti/1 ! horticulturi/ & ! pr9t]4 ,) all ( ^! ag5cies betwe5 ! fruit & ! color-plate !y c\ld n be exact reproductions4 ,x mu/ ev] be 9 m9d1 too1 t grapes gr[n 9 diff]5t localities v>y m or less 9 all *>act]s & t ! reproduction c repres5t ! fruit f b "o locality4 ,! specim5s f :i* ! plates 7 made came = mo/ "p f ! ,/ation gr\nds4 ,! illu/rations are life size & z f> z possible f av]age specim5s4 ,ackn[l$gm5ts are due to ,pr(essor ,sp5c] ,a4 ,bea* ( ,ames1 ,i[a1 :o1 :ile 9 *>ge ( ?is ,dep>tm5t previ\s to ,augu/1 #aije1 _h begun ! collection & organization ( in=mation on grapes1 mu* ( :i* has be5 us$ 9 ?is volume2 to ,mr4 ,f4 ,h4 ,hall1 :o z ,/ation ,editor has read ! manuscripts & pro( %eets & giv5 mu* valuable assi/ance 9 organiz+ ! in=mation pres5t$2 to ,zeese-,wilk9son ,co41 ?r\gh ^: zeal & pa9/ak+ skill ! color-plates1 :i* add s mu* to ! beauty & value ( ! book1 h be5 made2 & la/ly to ! grape-gr[]s ( ,new ,york :o h giv5 in=mation :5ev] call$ ^u & :o h g5]\sly furni%$ grapes = descriptive & photographic "w4 ,u4 ,p4 ,,h$rick1 ,horticulturi/1 ,new ,york ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,page4 ,,preface v ,,index ,,to ,,illu/rations xiii ,,*apt] ,i4--,! ,old ,_w ,grape #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,am]ican ,grapes #bf ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,! ,viticulture ( ,new ,york #fh ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,species ( ,am]ican ,grapes #ie ,,*apt] ,v4--,! ,lead+ ,v>ieties ( ,am]ican ,grapes #aeg ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,! ,m9or ,v>ieties ( ,am]ican ,grapes #dcc ,,bibliography ,,& ,,ref]5ces ,,) ,,abbreviations ,,us$ #eca ,,index #ecg ,,index ,,to ,,illu/rations ,,portrait ,,( ,,edw>d ,,/ani=d ,,rog]s ,frontispiece ,,fac+ ,,page ,,agawam #aeh ,,am]ica #afh ,,am9ia #agj ,,augu/ ,,giant #agb ,,bac*us #agd ,,b>ry #agh ,,b]ckmans #ahb ,,black ,,eagle #ahd ,,black ,,hamburg 7,,r$uc$ ,,size7 #ahf ,,brighton #aib ,,brilliant #aid ,,campbell ,,e>ly #aif ,,canada #bjj ,,c>man #bjb ,,catawba #bjd ,,*ampion #baj ,,cl9ton #bad ,,col]a9 #bah ,,concord #bbj ,,cottage #bbb ,,crevel+ #bbd ,,croton #bbf ,,cyn?iana #bbh ,,delaw>e #bcb ,,diamond #bcf ,,diana #bch ,,d[n+ #bdb ,,dracut ,,amb] #bdd ,,dut*ess #bdf ,,e>ly ,,ohio #bdh ,,e>ly ,,victor #bej ,,eaton #beb ,,eclipse #bed ,,elvira #bfj ,,empire ,,/ate #bfb ,,eumelan #bff ,,goe! #bgf ,,g(f #bgh ,,gre9 ,,gold5 #bhb ,,h>t=d #bhd ,,headlight #bhh ,,h]b]t #bib ,,h]cules #bid ,,hidalgo #bif ,,highl& #bih ,,hybrid ,,franc #cjj ,,iona #cjb ,,ironclad #cjf ,,isabella #cjh ,,ives #cab ,,james #cad ,,janesville #caf ,,jeff]son #cah ,,jewel #cbj ,,k5s+ton #cbb ,,lady #cbd ,,lady ,,wa%+ton #cbf ,,l9dley #ccj ,,lucile #ccb ,,lutie #ccd ,,mcpike #ccf ,,manito #cch ,,m>ion #cdj ,,massasoit #cdb ,,m]rimac #cdf ,,mills #cdh ,,miss\ri ,,riesl+ #cej ,,montefiore #ceb ,,moore ,,e>ly #ceb ,,moy] #ced ,,muscat ,,hamburg 7,,r$uc$ ,,size7 #cef ,,nect> #ceh ,,niag>a #cfj ,,noah #cfb ,,norton #cff ,,o!llo #cgd ,,pockl+ton #chj ,,r$ ,,eagle #chd ,,ro*e/] #chh ,,rommel #cib ,,rupe/ris ,,du ,,lot #aad ,,salem #cih ,,s5asqua #djb ,,triumph #dab ,,ul/] #dad ,,v]g5nes #daf ,,vitis ,,ae/ivalis1 %oot ( #ach ,,vitis1 ,,canes ,,( ,,species ,,( #ajj ,,vitis1 ,,fl[]s ,,( #ajd ,,vitis ,,labrusca1 ,,%oot ,,( #aej ,,vitis ,,rip>ia1 ,%oot ( #aah ,,vitis ,,rotundifolia1 ,%oot ( #ajh ,,vitis1 ,,se$s ,,( ,,species ,,( #ajb ,,vitis ,,v9if]a1 ,,%oot ,,( #aed ,,walt] #dbj ,,wild] #dbd ,,w9*ell #dbf ,,woodruff #dbh ,,word5 #dcj ,,wyom+ #dcb ,,wyom+1 ,,%oot ,,( #aeb ,,! ,,grapes ,,( ,,new ,,york ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,old ,,_w ,,grape ,a s+le species ( ! grape is cultivat$ 9 ! ,old ,_w4 ,?is is ,vitis v9if]a1 ! grape ( anci5t & mod]n agriculture1 ! v9e ( ! allegories ( sacr$ record & ( ! my?s1 fables & poetry ( ! ,old ,_w c\ntries4 ,x is ! v9e :i* ,adam & ,eve c>$ =3-- 99 99 99 !y l$ ! v9e ,to w$ 8 elm2 99 99 994 ,milton4 ,x is ! v9e :i* ,noah plant$ aft] ! deluge2 ! v9e ( ,judah & ,israel1 & ( ! promis$ l&4 ,dionysus ( ! ,greeks1 ,bac*us ( ! ,romans1 f\nd ! grape & devot$ 8 life to spread+ x2 = :i* he 0 rais$ to ! rank ( a deity--god ( v9es & v9tages4 ,! hi/ory ( ?is grape is z old z t ( mank9d4 ,x has foll[$ civiliz$ man f place to place ?r\gh\t ! _w & is "o ( ! *ief cultivat$ plants ( temp]ate climates4 ,?is fruit ( sacr$ & pr(ane lit]ature has s impress$ itself ^u ! human m9d t :5 we ?9k or speak ( ! grape1 or v9e1 x is ! ,old ,_w species1 ! v9e ( antiquity1 t pres5ts itself4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,old ,_w grape goes back to prehi/oric times4 ,se$s ( ! grape are f\nd 9 ! rema9s ( ! ,swiss lake dwell+s ( ! ,bronze ,p]iod & entomb$ ) ! mummies ( ,egypt4 ,its pr9t$ hi/ory is z old z t ( man & is int]writt5 ) x4 ,accord+ to ! botani/s1 ! probable habitat ( ,vitis v9if]a is ! region ab\t ! ,caspian ,sea4#a ,f "h x 0 c>ri$ ea/w>d into ,asia & we/w>d into ,europe & ,africa4 ,x is probable t ! ,pho5icians1 ! e>lie/ navigators1 tradesm5 & coloniz]s on ! ,m$it]ranean1 c>ri$ x to ! c\ntries bord]+ on ?is sea4 ,grape culture 0 develop$ 9 ?is region a ?\s& ye>s be=e ,*ri/1 = ,hesiod1 :o wrote at ?is "t1 gave directions = ! c>e ( ! v9e :i* ne$ to be *ang$ b little = pres5t practice 9 ,europe4 ,pl9y1 writ+ a ?\s& ye>s aft]1 quotes ,hesiod z an au?ority on v9e culture4 ,v]gil & ,pl9y1 dur+ ,*ri/'s "t1 gave specific directions = ! c>e ( ! v9e4 ,v]gil describes fifte5 v>ieties :ile ,pl9y gives ev5 full] descriptions ( n9ety-"o v>ieties & di/+ui%es fifty k9ds ( w9e4 ,! au!ntic writt5 hi/ory ( ! grape & ( its culture really beg9s ) ,v]gil4 ,_m o!r writ]s1 ,greeks & ,romans1 _h discuss$ ! v9e1 b none s fully nor s well z ,v]gil 9 8 ,georgics1 ( :i* ! p>ts hav+ to d ) ! v9e may /ill be read ) pr(it by ! grape-gr[]2 z1 = example1 ! foll[+#b 9 :i* he tells h[ to cultivate & tra93-- ,be m9dful1 :5 ?\ ha/ entomb'd ! %oot1 ,) /ore ( e>? ar\nd to fe$ ! root2 ,) iron tee? ( rakes & prongs1 to move ,! cru/$ e>?1 & loos5 x above4 ,!n ex]cise ?y /urdy /e]s to pl[ ,betwe5 ?y v9es1 & tea* ! feeble r[ ,to m\nt on re$s1 & w&s1 &1 upw>d l$1 ,on a%5 poles to raise _! =ky head1 ,on ^! new crut*es let !m le>n to walk1 ',till1 sw]v+ upw>ds ) a /rong] /alk1 ,!y brave ! w9ds1 &1 cl++ to _! guide1 ,on tops ( elms at l5g? triumphant ride4#c ,8 directions = prun+ are equally fitt+ = pres5t practice3-- ,b 9 _! t5d] nonage1 :ile !y spread ,_! spr++ leaves1 & lift _! infant head1 ,& upw>d :ile !y %oot 9 op5 air1 ,indulge _! *ildhood1 & ! nursl+s sp>e2 ,nor ex]cise ?y rage on new-born life2 ,b let ?y h& supply ! prun+ knife1 ,& crop luxuriant /raggl]s1 nor be lo? ,to /rip ! bran*es ( _! leafy gr[?4 ,b :5 ! root$ v9es ) /eady hold ,c clasp _! elms1 !n1 husb&man1 be bold ,to lop ! disob$i5t b\ghs1 t /ray$ ,beyond _! ranks2 let crook$ /eel invade ,! lawless troops1 :i* discipl9e disclaim1 ,& _! surp]flu\s gr[? ) rigor tame4 ,! hi/ory ( ! developm5t ( ! v9e f ,v]gil's "t ?r\gh ! e>ly c5turies ( ! ,*ri/ian ,era & ( ! ,middle ,ages to our own day1 is l>gely ! hi/ory ( agriculture 9 ! s\!rn ,european c\ntries2 = ! v9e dur+ ?is p]iod has be5 ! *ief cultivat$ plant ( ! ,greek & ,lat9 nations4 ,?is hi/ory %\ld furni% mo/ in/ructive lessons 9 grape-gr[+ & 9 grape-bre$+4 ,b int]e/+ & pr(itable z a detail$ acc\nt ( ! developm5t ( ! ,old ,_w grape w\ld be1 ! brief outl9e 9 ! few prec$+ p>agraphs mu/ suffice = ?is "w4 ,! read] :o desires fur!r in=mation may f9d x 9 ! agricultural lit]ature 9 _m languages & dat+ back two ?\s& ye>s4 ,:at are ! *>act]s ( ! ,european grape & h[ does x diff] f ! native grapes ( ,am]ica8 ,! ,old ,_w grape is gr[n = w9e2 ! ,am]ican grapes = ! table4 ,! diff]5ces 9 ! fruit ( ! v9es ( ! two cont95ts are l>gely ! diff]5ces necess>y = ! two di/9ct purposes = :i* !y are gr[n4 ,! v>ieties ( ,vitis v9if]a h a high] sug> & solid cont5t ?an d ^? ( ! ,am]ican species4 ,because ( ?is ri*ness 9 sug> !y n only make bett] w9e b keep mu* long] & c be made into rais9s4 ,! ,am]ican grapes d n keep well & d n make good rais9s4 ,tak5 z a :ole ! ,european v>ieties are bett] flavor$1 possess+ a m delicate & a ri*] v9\s flavor1 a m agreeable aroma1 & !y lack ! acidity & some:at obnoxi\s foxy odor & ta/e ( _m ,am]ican v>ieties4 ,x is true t !re is a disagreeable a/r+5cy 9 "s ,v9if]a grapes & t _m v>ieties are )\t "* ( flavor1 yet1 all & all1 ! species produces by f> ! bett] flavor$ fruit4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,am]ican table grapes are m refre%+2 "o does n tire ( !m s quickly z !y d n cloy ! appetite z d ! ri*] grapes2 & ! unf]m5t$ juice makes a mu* m pleasant dr9k4 ,! *>act]i/ic flavor & aroma ( ! v>ieties ( ,vitis labrusca1 our mo/ commonly cultivat$ native species1 are (t5 describ$ by ! t]ms foxy#d or musky4 ,if n too pron\nc$ ?is fox9ess is (t5 v agreeable ?\gh1 z ) ! flavor 9 _m exotic fruits1 ! lik+ = x mu/ (t5 be acquir$1 & ( c\rse may nev] be acquir$2 yet ! univ]sal condemnation ( ?is ta/e by ! ,fr5* & "s o!r ,europeans is %e] prejudice4 ,! bun*es & b]ries ( ! ,european grape are l>g]1 m attractive 9 appe>ance1 & are borne 9 great] quantity1 v9e = v9e or acre = acre4 ,! pulp & sk9 ( ! b]ries ( ,vitis v9if]a are less objectionable ?an ^? ( any native species & ! pulp sep>ates m easily f ! se$s4 ,! b]ries d n %ell f ! /em ne>ly s quickly1 h5ce ! bun*es %ip bett]4 ,9 comp>+ ! v9es1 ^? ( ! ,old ,_w grape are m compact 9 habit1 make a %ort] & /\t] annual gr[?1 !re=e require less prun+ & tra9+4 ,! roots are fle%i]1 & m fibr\s4 ,! species1 tak5 z a :ole1 is adapt$ to f> m k9ds ( soil1 & to mu* great] diff]5ces 9 environm5t1 & is m easily propagat$ f cutt+s1 ?an mo/ ( ! species ( ,am]ican grapes4 ,! cultivat$ =ms ( ! wild v9es ( ?is c\ntry h few po9ts ( sup]iority ov] _! relative f ! ea/]n hemisph]e1 b ^! few are su* z to make !m n[ & probably ev] ! only grapes possible to cultivate 9 ,am]ica 9 ! comm]cial v9ey>ds ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,inde$1 b = ! =tunate discov]y t ! v9e ( ,vitis v9if]a c\ld be gr[n on ! roots ( any "o ( sev]al species ( ! ,am]ican grapes1 ! v9ey>ds ( ! ,old ,_w grape w\ld h be5 almo/ :olly de/roy$ )9 ! la/ half c5tury because ( "o ( its weaknesses4 ,?is de/ructive ag5t is ! phyllox]a1#e a t9y plant l\se work+ on ! leaf & root ( ! grape1 :i* 9 a few ye>s :olly de/roys ! ,european v9e b does comp>atively little h>m to mo/ ( ! ,am]ican v9es4 ,?ree o!r pe/s are mu* m h>mful 9 ! ,old ,_w v9ey>ds ?an to ! v9es ( ! ,new ,_w2 ^! are black-rot 7,guign>dia bidwellii 7,ell47 ,v4 ,r471 d[ny mildew 7,plasmop>a viticola 7,b4 ,c47 ,b]l4 ,de ,toni71 & p[d]y mildew 7,unc9ula necator 7,s*w47 ,burr474 ,! susceptibility ( ! ,old ,_w grape to ^! p>asites deb>s x f cultivation 9 ea/]n ,am]ica & s effectually t !re is b little hope ( any pure-br$ v>iety ( x ev] be+ gr[n 9 ?is region4 ,am]ican viticulture mu/1 !re=e1 dep5d ^u ! native species = its v>ieties1 ?\gh x may be hop$ t by comb9+ ! good qualities ( ! =eign grape ) ^? ( "o or sev]al ( ! species ( ?is c\ntry1 or by comb9+ & re>rang+ ! be/ *>act]s ( ! native species1 we may 9 "t secure v>ieties equal 9 all respects to ^? ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,! comp>ative resi/ance ( ! ,am]ican species to ! phyllox]a1 ! mildews1 & black-rot has be5 due to natural selection 9 ! conte/ t has be5 wag$ = untold ages betwe5 ho/ & p>asite4 ,! fact t ! native species h be5 able to survive & ?rive is a gu>antee ( ! p]man5ce ( ! resi/ance ?us acquir$4 ,we h said t ! ,old ,_w grape is deb>r$ f cultivation 9 ea/]n ,am]ica4 ,x is wor? :ile consid]+ h[ ?or\gh ! attempts to gr[ x 9 ?is region h be5 & to give a m exact acc\nt ( ! failures & _! causes1 = !re are yet ^? :o are attempt+ its culture ) ! hope t we may sometime gr[ "s (f%oot ( ,vitis v9if]a 9 ! region "u consid]ation4 ,x is probable t ! fir/ ,european grapes plant$ 9 :at is n[ ,am]ican soil1 7 gr[n by ! ,spani% padres at ! old missions 9 ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona & ,cali=nia4 ,e>ly acc\nts ( "s ( ^! missions speak ( grapes :i* mu/ h be5 plant$ be=e settlem5ts 7 made 9 ea/]n ,am]ica4 ,we ne$ take no fur!r acc\nt ( ^! v9ey>ds except to say t 9 ?is region ! ,european grape has always be5 gr[n successfully1 & t "u ! skill$ h&s ( ! mission fa!rs1 ev] notable v9ey>di/s & w9e-mak]s1 ^! e>ly plant+s mu/ h succe$$4 ,! ,engli% 7 ! fir/ to plant ! ,old ,_w grape 9 ! t]ritory 9 :i* ?is species fails because ( ! attacks ( native p>asites4 ,"l ,delaw>e seems to h be5 ! orig9al promot] ( grape-gr[+ 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,9 #afaf he wrote to ! ,london ,company urg+ ! culture ( ! grape z a possible s\rce ( rev5ue = ! new colony4#f ,8 lett] seems to h be5 conv9c+1 = x is on record t ! ,company 9 #afai s5t a numb] ( ,fr5* v9e-dress]s & a collection ( ! be/ v>ieties ( ! grapes ( ,france to ,virg9ia4 ,! ,colonial ,assembly %[$ q z mu* solicitude 9 enc\rag+ ! cultivation ( ! v9e z did ! ,company 9 ,london4 ,! ye> ( ! importation ( v9es & v9e-dress]s1 #afai1 ! ,assembly pass$ an act compell+ e h\sehold] to plant t5 cutt+s & to protect !m f injury & /at$ t ! l&[n]s 7 expect$ to acquire ! art ( dress+ a v9ey>d1 ei!r ?r\gh in/ruction or by obs]vation4 ,! ,company1 to increase ! int]e/ 9 v9e-gr[+1 %[$ m>k$ favors to all :o und]took x ) zeal\sness2 promises ( s]vants1 ! mo/ valuable gifts t c\ld be made to ! coloni/s1 7 frequ5t4 ,"u ! impulse ?us giv5 v9ey>ds 7 plant$ conta9+ z _m z t5 ?\s& v9es4#g ,9 spite ( a ri* soil1 cong5ial climate1 & skill$ v9e-dress]s1 no?+ ( importance came f ! v5ture1 "s ( ! hi/orians ( ! "t attribut+ ! failure to ! massacre ( #afbb2 o!rs to poor managem5t ( ! v9es2 & /ill o!rs to disagreem5ts betwe5 ! ,engli% & _! ,fr5* v9e-dress]s1 :o1 x 0 claim$1 conceal$ _! k because !y work$ z slaves4 ,x is probable t ! latt] explanation 0 fanciful b ! =m] mu/ h be5 real = we are told t ! f>ms & outly+ settlem5ts 7 ab&on$ aft] ! great massacre4 ,b ! colony c\ld h>dly h recov]$ f ! ravages ( ! ,indians be=e ef=ts to =ce ! coloni/s to gr[ grapes 7 aga9 made2 = 9 #afbc ! ,assembly pass$ a law t = e f\r m5 9 ! colony a g>d5 %\ld be laid (f a "p ( :i* 0 to be plant$ to v9es4#h ,9 #afci ! ,assembly aga9 tri$ to enc\rage v9e-gr[+ by legislative enactm5t1 ?is "t ) an act giv+ a premium to successful grape-gr[]s4#i ,lat]1 ab\t #affj1 a premium ( t5 ?\s& p\nds ( tobacco 0 (f]$ 9 ,virg9ia = ea* two tunne ( w9e f grapes rais$ 9 ! colony4 ,%ortly aft]1 "s w9e 0 export$ to ,engl& b :e!r made f wild plants or cultivat$ ones does n appe>4 ,9 spite ( ! enc\ragem5t ( legislative acts1 grape-gr[+ did n fl\ri% 9 ,virg9ia4#aj ,! fact t tobacco 0 a pay+ crop & m easily gr[n ?an ! grape may h _h some?+ to d ) ! failure to gr[ ! latt]4 ,or x may h be5 t ! *eapness ( ,madeira1 a noble /rong dr9k1 z "o ( ! ,colonial hi/orians puts x1 _h a depress+ influ5ce on ! indu/ry4 ,b /ill m likely1 ! =eign plants did n ?rive4 ,enc\ragem5t ( ! home production ( w9e did n cease 9 ,virg9ia = at lea/ "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s2 = 9 #agfi an enactm5t ( ! ,assembly 0 pass$ to enc\rage w9e-mak+ 9 favor ( "o ,&rew ,e/ave1 a ,fr5*man4 ,z a result ( ! act ( ?is "t1 l& 0 pur*as$1 build+s erect$1 & slaves & workm5 ) a complete outfit = w9e-mak+ 7 furni%$ ,e/ave4 ,! act provid$ t if he made )9 six ye>s t5 hog%eads ( m]*antable w9e--l&1 h\ses1 slaves1 ! :ole plant 0 to be giv5 to him4 ,x is /at$ t ?is unusual subsidy is made z a rew>d = s useful an improvem5t4 ,e/ave succe$$ 9 mak+ ! w9e b x 0 poor /uff & he _h difficulty 9 gett+ ! au?orities to turn ov] ! prop]ty :i* 0 to be 8 rew>d4 ,?is 0 f9ally done by an act ( ! ,assembly1 h[ev]1 ! failure to make good w9e be+ attribut$ by all p>ties to ! unfitness ( ! l&4 ,an attempt 0 made to cultivate ! ,european grape 9 ,virg9ia e>ly 9 ! eighte5? c5tury on an ext5sive scale4 ,soon aft] tak+ (fice z gov]nor 9 #agaj1 ,alex&] ,spotswood br\ght ov] a colony ( ,g]mans f ! ,rh9e & settl$ !m 9 ,spottsylvania ,c\nty on ! ,rapidan riv]4 ,! site ( _! village on ?is riv] is n[ m>k$ by a =d1 ,g]mania ,=d1 a "n :i* is a record ( ! settlem5t4 ,t !y grew grapes & made w9e is c]ta91 = ! ,gov]nor's r$ & :ite ,rapidan1 made by 8 ,spottsylvania ,g]mans is sev]al times m5tion$ 9 ! publi%$ j\rnals & lett]s ( ! "t4 ,b ! v5ture did n make a deep nor la/+ impress on ! agriculture ( ! colony4#aa ,sev]al e>ly attempts 7 made 9 ! ,c>ol9as & ,georgia to gr[ ! ,v9if]a grape4 ,x 0 ?\ght1 9 p>ticul>1 t ! ,fr5* ,hugu5ots :o settl$ 9 ^! /ates 9 l>ge numb]s t[>d ! close ( ! sev5te5? c5tury w\ld succe$ 9 grape-gr[+ b ev5 ^! skill$ v9e-gr[]s fail$4 ,_! failures are record$ by ,alex&] ,hewitt 9 #aggi z foll[s3 ,european grapes h be5 transplant$1 & sev]al attempts made to raise w9e2 b s ov]%ad$ are ! v9es plant$ 9 ! woods1 & s foggy is ! season ( ! ye> :5 !y rip51 t !y seldom come to maturity1 b z excell5t grapes h be5 rais$ 9 g>d5s :]e !y are expos$ to ! sun1 we are apt to believe t prop] me?ods h n be5 tak5 = enc\rag+ t bran* ( agriculture1 consid]+ its great importance 9 a national view4 ,9 ,georgia1 ,abraham ,de ,lyon1 enc\rag$ by ! au?orities ( ! colony1 import$ v9es f ,portugal & plant$ !m at ,savannah e>ly 9 ! eighte5? c5tury b 8 attempt1 ?\gh c>ri$ out on a small scale 9 a g>d51 soon fail$4 ,9 ,m>yl&1 if ! records are correct1 a great] degree ( success 0 atta9$ ?an 9 ! /ates to ! s\?4 ,"l ,*>les ,baltimore1 son ( ! grantee ( ! t]ritory1 9 #affb plant$ ?ree hundr$ acres ( l& 9 ,/4 ,m>y's to v9es4 ,x is c]ta9 t he made & sold w9e 9 consid]able quantities & ! old *ronicl]s report t x 0 z good z ! be/ ,burgundy4 ,ef=ts to gr[ ! ,european grape 9 ,m>yl& cont9u$ until z late z #ahbh :5 ! ,m>yl& ,society = ,promot+ ! ,culture ( ! ,v9e 0 incorporat$ by ! ,/ate ,legislature4#ab ,! object ( ! ,society 0 to c>ry on exp]im5ts 9 ! cultivation ( bo? ! ,european & native grapes & to collect & dissem9ate all possible in=mation ^u ?is int]e/+ subject4 ,! organization 0 9 exi/5ce = sev]al ye>s & ?r\gh its ex]tions practically all ( ! native sorts 7 tri$ 9 or ab\t ,baltimore z well z _m se$l+s4 ,besides ! a*ievem5ts ( ! ,society z a body1 _! ,secret>y reports 9 #ahca t1 ?r\gh ! individual ef=ts ( its memb]s1 !re 7 !n "u cultivation ne> ! city ( ,baltimore sev]al v9ey>ds ( f ?ree to t5 acres ea* & a great numb] ( small] ones4 ,?is 0 sev]al ye>s aft] ! introduction ( ! ,catawba & ,isabella = :i* grape-gr[]s 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h l>gely giv5 up ! ,v9if]a sorts4 ,seem+ly 9 e "p ( ! ,union ! grape ( ! ,old ,_w 0 tri$1 n once only1 b "t & aga9 be=e its culture c\ld be giv5 up4 ,! ,sw$es made "s attempts at an e>ly day to gr[ grapes on ! ,delaw>e4 ,que5 ,*ri/9a in/ruct$ ,john ,pr9tz1 gov]nor ( ,new ,sw$51 to enc\rage ! culture ( ! v9e & to give ! indu/ry 8 p]sonal att5tion4 ,lat] :5 ,new ,sw$5 _h become a "p ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,william ,p5n enc\rag$ v9e-gr[+ by import+ cutt+s ( ,fr5* & ,spani% v9es2 & sev]al exp]im5tal v9ey>ds 7 set out 9 ! neighborhood ( ,philadelphia1 b all ef=ts to e/abli% be>+ plantations came to naught4 ,p5n's int]e/ 9 grape-gr[+ seems to h be5 greatly /imulat$ by w9e made by a fri5d ( 8 f native grapes :i* grew ab\t ,g]mant[n4 ,!re are no detail$ acc\nts ( grape-gr[+ by ! ,dut* ( ,new ,york b ! foll[+ tak5 f ! writ+s ( ,jasp] ,dank]s & ,pet] ,sluyt]1 two ,holl&]s :o visit$ ,new ,york 9 #afgi1 soon aft] ! ,engli% took possession ( ,new ,ne!rl&1 indicates t !re _h be5 attempts to cultivate grapes4#ac ,i w5t along ! %ore to ,coney ,isl&1 :i* is sep>at$ f ,long ,isl& only by a creek1 & ar\nd ! po9t1 & came inside n f> f a village call$ ,gravesant1 & aga9 home4 ,we discov]$ on ! roads sev]al k9ds ( grapes /ill on ! v9es1 call$ speck 7pork7 grapes1 :i* are n always good1 & ^! 7 n2 al?\gh !y 7 sweet 9 ! m\? at fir/1 !y made x disagreeable & /9k+4 ,! small blue grapes are bett]1 & _! v9es gr[ 9 good =m4 ,al?\gh !y h sev]al times attempt$ to plant v9ey>ds1 & h n imm$iately succe$$1 !y1 nev]!less1 h n ab&on$ ! hope ( do+ s by & by1 = !re is always "s enc\ragem5t1 al?\gh !y h n1 z yet1 discov]$ ! cause ( ! failure4 ,! speck grape 0 )\t "q ,vitis labrusca & ! small blue grape 0 probably ,vitis rip>ia4 ,?irty ye>s be=e ! visit ( ,dank]s & ,sluyt] ! p ( ,new ,ne!rl& address$ a remon/rance to ! home gov]nm5t reg>d+ c]ta9 abuses 9 ! colony4 ,?is docum5t#ad is head$ ) a *apt] on ! productions ( ,new ,ne!rl& 9 :i* ! wild grapes are m5tion$ & _! cultivation is sugge/$4 ,almo/ ! :ole c\ntry1 z well ! =e/ z ! maize l&s & flats1 is full ( v9es1 b pr9cipally--z if !y _h be5 plant$ !re--ar\nd & along ! banks ( ! brooks1 /reams & riv]s :i* c\rse & fl[ 9 abundance v conv5i5tly & agreeably all ?r\gh ! l&4 ,! grapes are ( _m v>ieties2 "s :ite1 "s blue1 "s v fle%y & fit only to make rais9s (2 "s aga9 are juicy1 "s v l>ge1 o!rs on ! contr>y small2 _! juice is pleasant & "s ( x :ite1 l ,fr5* or ,rh5i% ,w9e2 t ( o!rs1 aga91 a v deep r$1 l ,t5t2 "s ev5 pal]2 ! v9es run f> up ! trees & are %ad$ by _! leaves1 s t ! grapes are sl[ 9 rip5+ & a little s\r1 b 7 cultivation & k appli$ "h1 d\btless z f9e ,w9es w\ld !n be made z 9 any o!r w9e gr[+ c\ntries4 ,nicolls1 ! fir/ ,engli% gov]nor ( ,new ,york1 greatly desir$ to gr[ ! v9e = w9e-mak+4 ,9 #affd he grant$ ,paul ,ri*>ds a monopoly ( ! indu/ry = ! colony /ipulat+ t he c\ld make & sell w9es free ( impo/ & gave him ! "r to tax any p]son plant+ v9es 9 ! colony five %ill+s p] acre4#ae ,ri*>ds liv$ 9 ! city ( ,new ,york b 8 v9ey>d1 z indicat$ 9 ! grant1 0 locat$ on ,long ,isl&4 ,x may be assum$ t ?is 0 ! fir/ attempt to gr[ grapes comm]cially 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,x w\ld seem t ! gov]nor by grant+ a monopoly ( ! grape & w9e indu/ry took ! sure/ means ( kill+ ! infant indu/ry4 ,! ,e>l ( ,bellomont1 a lat] gov]nor ( ! ,colony1 wrote to ,london ) assurances ( a great future ( viticulture 9 ! ,colony4#af ,= ov] a c5tury aft]1 !re 7 spasmodic ef=ts to gr[ ! ,old ,_w grape 9 & ab\t ,new ,york ,city1 & at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,revolution>y ,w> !re 7 a few small v9ey>ds & "s w9e-mak+ on ,manhattan ,isl&4 ,!re 7 _m attempts to gr[ =eign grapes 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,john ,w9?rop1 gov]nor ( ,massa*usetts ,bay ,colony1 _h plant$ a v9ey>d 9 "o ( ! isl&s1 kn[n z ,gov]nor's ,g>d51 9 ,bo/on ,h>bor be=e #afcj4 ,v9e-plant]s 7 s5t to ?is colony 9 #afbi4ag ,!re 7 plantations at ! m\? ( ! ,piscataqua 9 ,ma9e z e>ly or be=e ,w9?rop's plant+s 7 made4 ,9 grant+ a *>t] to ,rhode ,isl& 9 #affc1 ,*>les ,,ii s\ght to enc\rage viticulture 9 t ,/ate by (f]+ lib]al inducem5ts to coloni/s :o w\ld gr[ grapes & make w9e4#ah ,b if grapes 7 gr[n1 or w9e made f ! =eign grape1 no great degree ( success 0 atta9$4 ,w9e 0 made 9 pl5ty f ! wild grapes 9 all ( ! ,new ,engl& colonies s t x 0 n because ( ,puritanical prejudices aga9/ w9e t ! grapes 7 n gr[n4 ,! gl[+ t]ms 9 :i* travel]s return+ to ,engl& spoke ( ! native grapes & ( ! w9e f !m und\bt$ly /imulat$ ^? f\nd+ ! colonies to make e ef=t to introduce ! cultivat$ grape ev5 ?\gh ! cold1 bleak climate & ?9 soils ( ?is nor!rn region 7 inhospitable to a plant :i* ?rives be/ 9 ! sunny s\!rn portions ( ,europe4 ,9 only "o ( ! /ates ea/ ( ! ,rockies is grape-gr[+ record$ to h ga9$ ev5 a foo?old be=e ! introduction ( v>ieties ( native grapes4 ,9 ?is in/ance !re is mu* d\bt z to :e!r ! v>ieties gr[n 7 pure-br$ ,vitis v9if]a4 ,l\isiana1 :ile own$ by ,france1 grew grapes & made w9e 9 su* quantities1 & ! w9e 0 ( su* high quality1 s sev]al ( ! old *ronicl]s say1 t ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t =bade grape-gr[+ 9 ! colony4 ,s9ce ! w9e-mak+ 0 9 ! h&s ( ! ,jesuits :o _h le>n$ ! art 9 ,europe1 & s9ce !re 7 no cultivat$ v>ieties ( native grapes at t "t ( :i* !re is record1 ! presumption among ! e>ly writ]s 0 t ^! v9ey>ds 7 ( ,european grapes4 ,l\isiana1 h[ev]1 0 a va/ & undef9$ region & x is n kn[n :]e ^! (t-m5tion$ v9ey>ds 7 locat$4 ,x is probable 9 ! light ( :at we n[ "k t ^! ,l\isiana ,jesuits made w9e f native grapes ei!r wild or cultivat$4 ,! "t cov]$ s f> is ! two hundr$ ye>s 9 :i* ,am]ica 0 be+ coloniz$4 ,we h se5 t all ( our ,european =efa!rs br\ght ) !m a love ( ! v9e1 or m correctly1 a love ( w9e1 & t ?r\gh\t ! p]iod _m exp]im5ts 7 made 9 all p>ts ( ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates to gr[ v>ieties ( ,vitis v9if]a4 ,! exp]im5ts 7 on a l>ge scale & 9 ! h&s ( exp]t v9e-gr[]s1 z well tra9$ z _! fell[ coloni/s 9 ,s\? ,africa1 ,new ,zeal&1 ,au/ralia & ,s\? ,am]ica1 c\ntries :]e ! coloni/s grew ! ,old ,_w grapes z easily & z well z !y are gr[n 9 ! mo/ favor$ p>ts ( ,europe4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! failures record$ = ^! two hundr$ ye>s 7 n due to lack ( ef=t on ! "p ( ! settl]s4 ,we n[ pass to m rec5t ef=ts1 ev5 m ?or\ghly c>ri$ out1 to gr[ ! grape ( ! ,old ,_w 9 ?is "p ( ! ,new ,_w4 ,! discussion ( ^! lat] attempts _c be full4 ,! read] c readily turn to ! horticultural lit]ature ( ! c5tury j clos$ & f9d mu* full] records ( !m ?an space p]mits 9 ?is "w4 ,"o ( ! fir/ & mo/ notable ( ! v9ey>ds 9 ! eighte5? c5tury 0 t ( ,colonel ,rob]t ,boll+ ( ,buck+ham ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia4 ,an acc\nt ( 8 und]tak+ writt5 by "o ( ! ,boll+ family "s ye>s lat] reads z foll[s3 ,x is n[ b little kn[n t ?is g5tleman _h e>ly turn$ 8 att5tion to ! cultivation ( ! v9e1 & _h actually succe$$ 9 procur+ & plant+ a small v9ey>d ( f\r acres1 ( ,european grapes1 at ,*ell[1 ! seat ( 8 resid5ce3 t he _h s f> accompli%$ 8 object z to h ! satisfaction ( see+ 8 v9es 9 a mo/ fl\ri%+ condition1 & arriv$ at an age :5 !y 7 j beg9n+ to be>2 promis+ all ! success t ! mo/ sangu9e imag9ation c\ld desire1 :51 un=tunately = 8 family1 & p]haps = 8 c\ntry1 he dep>t$ ?is life :ile 9 ! ,conv5tion 9 ,ri*mond1 9 ,july1 #agge4 ,?us all 8 fond anticipations ( be+ enabl$1 9 a %ort "t1 to af=d to 8 c\ntrym5 a practical demon/ration ( ! facility & c]ta9ty ) :i* grapes might be rais$1 & w9e made1 9 ,virg9ia1 7 sudd5ly fru/rat$2 all 8 hopes & prospects bla/$2 & ow+ to ! g5]al want ( in=mation1 9 ! managem5t ( v9es1 among u at t "t2 & ! confusion produc$ by ! w> ( ! revolution1 :i* imm$iately foll[$1 ?is promis+ & fl\ri%+ little v9ey>d 0 totally neglect$ & f9ally p]i%$4#ai ,at ! "t ( ,boll+'s dea? he 0 prep>+ to s5d to press a book on grape-gr[+ entitl$ ,a ,sket* ( ,v9e ,culture4 ,! book 0 nev] pr9t$ b ! manuscript 0 copi$ sev]al times & p>ts ( x 7 pr9t$ contemporane\sly 9 ! ,virg9ia ,gazette1 & subsequ5tly 9 ! ,boll+ ,memoirs & 9 ! ,am]ican ,f>m]4#bj ,boll+'s book 0 l>gely a compilation f ,european s\rces b x conta9$ ! exp]i5ces & obs]vations ( ! au?or 9 cultivat+ ,european grapes 9 ,am]ica & ?\gh n pr9t$1 0 suffici5tly di/ribut$ ?r\gh manuscript copies & ?r\gh ! pap]s & books m5tion$ above1 to give its au?or ! honor ( be+ ! fir/ ,am]ican writ] on grapes4 ,9 an essay on ! cultivation ( ! v9e publi%$ 9 ! fir/ volume ( ! ,transactions ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society#ba pr9t$ 9 ,philadelphia 9 #agga1 a ,mr4 ,edw>d ,antill ( ,%rewsbury1 ,new ,j]sey1 gives explicit directions = grape-gr[+ & w9e-mak+4#bb ,antill describes only =eign v>ieties & leads ! read] to inf]1 ?\gh he does n say s1 t he has gr[n _m v>ieties ( ^! grapes successfully4 ,b nei!r 8 essay1 nor 8 ef=ts at grape-gr[+1 seem$ to h /imulat$ a grape indu/ry wor?y ( note4 ,?is essay ( ,antill's is ! second ,am]ican treatise on ! cultivation ( ! grape & 0 = _m ye>s ! *ief au?ority on grape-gr[+ 9 ,am]ica4 ,x is greatly to be regrett$ t a treatise :i* 0 to be quot$ = fifty ye>s c\ld n h be5 m m]itori\s4 ,! eighty qu>to pages writt5 by ,antill give little real or tru/wor?y in=mation4 ,x is a rambl+ discussion ( ,european grapes1 w9e-mak+1 ! temp]ance "q1 patriotism1 wellf>e ( c\ntry1 & good ( mank9d4 ,he quotes ,columella1 gives me?ods ( cur+ grapes = rais9s1 & w9ds up ) a discussion ( figs4 ,yet a hundr$ ye>s ago x 0 ! *ief "w on grape-gr[+4 ,a ,fr5*man1 ,pet] ,legaux1 f\nd$ a company 9 #agic = ! cultivation ( grapes at ,spr+ ,mill ne> ,philadelphia4 ,9 #ahjj he publi%$ an acc\nt ( 8 v5ture4#bc ,a v9ey>d ( ,european grapes 0 set out & ! prospects seem$ favorable = ! success ( ! und]tak+4 ,b ! grapes began to fail1 diss5sions arose among ! /ock-hold]s1 ! v9ey>ds 7 neglect$ & ! company fail$4 ,legaux speaks ( 8 exp]i5ce 9 grape-gr[+ z foll[s3#bd ,b if ! native grapes ( ,am]ica are n ! mo/ eligible = v9ey>ds1 o!rs are n[ )9 ! rea* ( its inhabitants4 ,"s ye>s s9ce ,i procur$ f ,france ?ree hundr$ plants f ! ?ree k9ds ( grapes 9 ! highe/ e/imation1 ( :i* are made ,burgundy1 ,*ampagne & ,bordeaux w9es4 ,^! ?ree hundr$ plants h 9 t5 ye>s produc$ #ajj1jjj plants2 :i*1 7 ! culture enc\rag$1 w\ld 9 t5 ye>s m1 produce upw>ds ( ?irty millions ( plants2 or en\gh to /ock m ?an #hjjj acres1 at #cfjj plants to ! acre1 set ab\t ?ree feet & a half ap>t4 ,i h also ab\t #cjjj plants rais$ f a s+le plant procur$ a few ye>s s9ce f ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 ( ! k9d :i* produces ! excell5t ,con/antia w9es4 ,! g5tlem5 :o at diff]5t times h done me ! hon\r to ta/e ^! w9es c be> te/imony to _! good quality4 ,al?\gh made 9 ! hotte/ season1 7ab\t ! middle ( ,augu/7 yet !y 7 p]fectly pres]v$ )\t ! addition ( a drop ( br&y or any o!r _s4 ,& 9 ?is w consi/ "o excell5cy ( ! w9es "h recomm5d$ to ! notice ( my fell[ citiz5s2 t be+ made :olly ( ! juice ( grapes1 !y w be light1 :olesome1 & excite an agreeable *e]fulness1 )\t inflam+ ! blood1 or produc+ ! o!r ill effects ( ! /rong br&i$ w9es1 import$ f ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,europe4 ,s9ce #agic1 ,i h conf9$ my att5tion *iefly to ! multiplication ( my v9es1 to supply ! dem& = plants1 & to furni% an ext5d$ v9ey>d "u my own direction1 :5ev] my fell[ citiz5s possess+ pecuni>y means1 %\ld be incl9$ to enc\rage & support ! attempt4 ,out ( ?is v5ture1 h[ev]1 came ! ,alex&] grape1 an (fspr+ ( a native species1 & n1 z ,legaux held1 a =eign v>iety1 :i*1 z we %all see lat]1 0 ! fir/ v>iety to be gr[n on a comm]cial scale 9 ea/]n ,am]ica4 ,johnson1#be writ+ ( ,legaux's "w ) ! grape1 says t 9 #ahja cutt+s 7 s5t f ! ,spr+ ,mill v9ey>ds 9 quantities ( fifte5 hundr$ to ,k5tucky & ,p5nsylvania & small] quantities to ,connecticut1 ,new ,york1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,m>yl&1 ,virg9ia & ,ohio1 & indicates t ^! cutt+s 9 _! turn 7 multipli$ s t _m div]se exp]im5ts ) =eign grapes arose f ,legaux's ef=ts4 ,*ief ( ! exp]im5ts :i* ,legaux's p>tial success 9 v9e-gr[+ /imulat$ 0 c>ri$ on 9 ,k5tucky by ,! ,k5tucky ,v9ey>d ,society ( :i* ,john ,james ,duf\r1 a ,swiss1 0 lead]4#bf ,x 0 to ?is ,company t ,legaux _h s5t ! fifte5 hundr$ cutt+s m5tion$ above z go+ to ,k5tucky4 ,be=e f\nd+ 8 grape colony1 ,duf\r _h made a t\r ( inspection ( all ! v9ey>ds t he c\ld he> ( 9 :at !n con/itut$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,8 acc\nt ( :at he saw1 giv5 9 8 book ,! ,v9e ,dress]'s ,guide1 is ! mo/ accurate /atem5t we h ( grape-gr[+ 9 ,am]ica at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,duf\r's acc\nt1 pages #ah-bd1 runs z foll[s3 ,i w5t to see all ! v9es gr[+ t ,i c\ld he> (1 ev5 z f> z ,kaskaskia1 on ! bord]s ( ! ,mississippi2 because ,i 0 told1 by an inhabitant ( t t[n1 :om ,i met ) at ,philadelphia1 t ! ,jesuits _h !re a v successful v9ey>d1 :5 t c\ntry belong$ to ! ,fr5*1 & 7 aft]w>ds ord]$ by ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t to de/roy x1 = fe> ! culture ( ! grapes %\ld spread 9 ,am]ica & hurt ! w9e trade ( ,france4 ,z ,i _h se5 b disc\rag+ plantations ( v9es on t side ( ! ,alleghany1 & z ! object ( my j\rney to ,am]ica1 0 purposely to le>n :at c\ld be done 9 t l9e ( bus9ess2 ,i 0 desir\s to see if ! we/ w\ld af=d m enc\ragem5t4 ,i resolv$ !re=e on a visit to see if any rema9s ( ! ,jesuits' v9es 7 /ill 9 be+1 & :at sort ( grapes !y 72 suppos+ v naturally1 t if !y _h succe$$ z well z tradition report$1 "s ( !m might possibly be f\nd 9 "s ( ! g>d5s !re4 ,b ,i f\nd only ! spot :]e t v9ey>d _h be5 plant$1 9 a well select$ place1 on ! side ( a hill to ! nor? ea/ ( ! t[n1 "u a cliff4 ,no good grapes1 h[ev] 7 f\nd ei!r !re1 or 9 any ( ! g>d5s ( ! c\ntry4 99 99 99 ,9 my j\rney+ d[n ! ,ohio1 ,i f\nd at ,m>ietta a ,fr5*man1 :o 0 mak+ sev]al b>rels ( w9e e ye>1 out ( grapes t 7 gr[+ wild1 & abundantly1 on ! heads ( ! ,isl&s ( ! ,ohio ,riv]1 kn[n by ! "n ( ,s& grapes1 because !y gr[ be/ on ! gravels2 a few plants ( :i* are n[ gr[+ 9 "o ( our v9ey>ds1 giv5 by ! ,h>monites "u ! "n ( r$ juice4 99 99 99 ,! v>i\s attempts at v9ey>ds t ,i he>d (1 :i* ,i w5t to see1 at ,monticello1 ,presid5t ,jeff]son's place2 :i*1 9 #agii1 ,i p]ceiv$ _h be5 ab&on$1 or left )\t any c>e = ?ree or f\r ye>s be=e1 :i* prov$ evid5tly1 t x _h n be5 pr(itable3 ,at ,spr+ ,mill1 on ! ,s*uylkill1 ne> ,philadelphia1 plant$ by ,mr4 ,,legaux1 a ,fr5* g5tleman1 & aft]w>ds support$ by a weal?y ,society =m$ by subscription1 at t ,city1 = ! express purpose ( try+ to ext5d ! culture ( ! grape4 ,i saw t v9ey>d 9 #agif1 #agii & #ahjf4 ,on ! e/ate ( ,mr4 ,,c>oll1 ( ,c>ollton1 bel[ ,baltimore1 9 ,m>yl&2 :i!r ,i w5t on purpose f ,philadelphia 9 #agif1 !re 0 a small v9ey>d kept by a ,fr5* v9$ress]1 & :]e !y _h tri$ a few sorts ( ! indig5\s grapes4 ,at ! ,s\!rn ,lib]ties ( ,philadelphia1 ,i saw 9 #ahjf1 a plantation ( a l>ge assortm5t ( ! be/ species ( ,fr5* grapes2 :i* a ,fr5* v9$ress] _h br\ght ov] ! ,atlantic4 ,!y 7 at _! #b;d or #c;d ye>s3 !y _h n be5 attack$ by ! sickness3 _! nurse 0 yet full ( hope4--,9 #agif1 ,i saw also1 ne> ! ,susquehannah riv]1 n f> f ,middlet[n1 a v9ey>d t _h be5 plant$ by a ,g]man2 b :o hav+ di$ sometime be=e1 ! v9ey>d _h be5 :olly neglect$4 ,i 0 told1 x _h produc$ "s w9e2 b x _h suff]$ s mu* delapidation1 t ,i c\ld n recognize ! species ( grapes4 ,) full k ( ! failures ( ! pa/ 9 gr[+ grapes1 & aft] 8 di%e>t5+ visits to a score or m ( wor?less v9ey>ds plant$ ) ! grapes ( 8 native c\ntry1 ,duf\r emb>k$ 9 ! ,k5tucky ,v9ey>d ,society ent]prise & gave ! ,old ,_w grapes a ?or\gh trial on an ext5sive scale1 ) an abundance ( capital1 &1 to c>e = ! v9es1 z skill$ labor z c\ld be obta9$ 9 ! v9ey>ds ( ,europe4 ,z 0 ! case ) all pa/ und]tak+s ( ! k9d s ?is "o prov$ a failure4 ,9 ! words ( ,duf\r a sickness took hold ( all our v9es except a few /ocks ( ,cape & ,madeira grapes4 ,! promot]s became di%e>t5$ & ! v9ey>d aft] be+ cultivat$ = sev]al ye>s 0 ab&on$4 ,memb]s ( ! colony1 ?9k+ t a m favorable location might be f\nd else:]e 9 ! valley ( ! ,ohio1 settl$ at ,vevay1 ,indiana1 9 #ahjb4 ,duf\r & sev]al ( 8 relatives 7 grant$ ! privilege ( pur*as+ l&s ) ext5d$ cr$it by an act ( ,congress ,may #a/1 #ahjb4 ,!y pur*as$ #bejj acres at ! location ( ! new colony 9 ,indiana & began anew ! culture ( ! v9e4 ,= a "t !re 0 an elem5t ( prosp]ity 9 ! ent]prise b ! v9es became diseas$ & di$1 only "o sort1 ! ,cape or ,alex&]1 gave returns = ! c>e be/[$ & by #ahce ! ,vevay v9ey>ds ceas$ to exi/4 ,c\ld ,duf\r h =ese5 ! value ( ! native grapes = cultivation & devot$ ! capital & en]gy sp5t on ,european sorts to ! be/ wild plants f ! woods1 grape culture 9 ,am]ica w\ld h be5 put =w>d half a c5tury4 ,o!r exp]im5ts ) ,old ,_w grapes 7 tri$ 9 #ahjc by ! ,h>moni/s1 a religi\s-sociali/ic community f\nd$ 9 ,g]many1 b :i* f9ally settl$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,aft] tempor>y soj\rns 9 o!r settlem5ts1 ! ,h>moni/s f\nd$ a p]man5t colony 9 ,p5nsylvania ne> ,pittsburg4 ,"h !y plant$ t5 acres ( ,european grapes & grew !m ) b tempor>y success1 if any1 = ,duf\r 9 #ahbf visit$ ! colony & says3 ,none ( ! import$ grapes d well !re except ! ,black ,juice1 ( :i* ,i saw b "o plant2 x is too small a be>] to be wor? nurs+4#bg ,aga9 !re 0 disa/] to an ext5sive exp]im5t 9 ! h&s ( skill$ m54 ,besides hav+ tri$ grape culture 9 ,p5nsylvania1 ! ,h>moni/s made plantations at ,new ,h>mony1 ,indiana1 :]e !y settl$ = a "t2 b exact acc\nts ( ?is exp]im5t are want+4 ,"o o!r ( ! _m organiz$ attempts to gr[ ! =eign grapes ne$s m5tion4 ,:5 ! ,napoleonic w>s 7 ov] a numb] ( ,bonap>te's exil$ (fic]s came to ,am]ica4 ,!y 7 impov]i%$1 & 9 ord] to help !m1 z well z to insure _! becom+ p]man5t settl]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! exiles 7 organiz$ by ,am]ican sympa?iz]s into a society = ! cultivation ( ! v9e & ! olive4 ,! society 0 organiz$ 9 ! e>ly fall ( #ahaf 9 ,philadelphia & ! rema9d] ( ! ye> 0 sp5t 9 prospect+ = a suitable location = ! v5ture4 ,! colony f9ally decid$ to settle on ! ,tombigbee riv] 9 ,alabama & petition$ ,congress = a grant ( l& 9 t region4 ,9 ! end ! refugees obta9$ a grant f ,congress ( f\r contigu\s t[n%ips1 ea* six miles squ>e#bh = ! culture ( ! v9e & ! olive4 ,9 #ahag1 an in/allm5t ( "o hundr$ & fifty ,fr5* settl]s left ,philadelphia tak+ ) !m an assortm5t ( grape & olive plants4 ,decemb] #ab1 #ahba1 ,*>les ,vill>s1 "o ( ! company1 report$ to ! ,am]ican gov]nm5t#bi t !re 7 !n 9 ! colony eighty-"o actual plant]s1 #cbg p]sons all told1 ) #aajj acres 9 full cultivation1 includ+ #aj1jjj v9es & t ! company _h sp5t ab\t #afj1jjj 9 ! v5ture4 ,vill>s tells 9 full ( ! ups & d[ns ( ! ,society4 ,x 0 app>5t f ! />t t ! olive c\ld n be gr[n4 ,! hi/ory ( ! v9ey>ds on ! ,tombigbee1 z he tells x1 is b a record ( mis=tune4 ,all ef=ts to cultivate ! =eign v9es result$ only 9 failure4 ,! few v9es t ! v9tn]s made gr[ yield$ a scant crop ( mis]able quality :i* c\ld n be made into w9e because ( rip5+ 9 ! heat ( summ]4 ,! l& 0 n adapt$ to gr[+ grapes4 ,! ,society1 meet+ failure at e turn1 f9ally disb&$ & ! coloni/s 7 scatt]$4 ,= a half c5tury aft]1 !re 7 records 9 ! s\!rn agricultural lit]ature ( ! attempts ( /raggl]s or desc5dants ( ?is colony to gr[ ,european grapes 9 ! ,s\?4 ,yet ^! grapes are n n[ cultivat$ 9 ?is region1 :i* seem+ly has ! climate & ! soil ( ,france4 ,! hi/ory ( ^! ,fr5* settl]s on ! ,tombigbee is a mo/ pa!tic "o4#cj ,_m ( ! lead]s _h be5 (fic]s ( high rank 9 ,napoleon's armies unaccu/om$ to field "w & ! h>d%ips ( a new c\ntry4 ,"h1 9 a r\gh & h>dly explor$ c\ntry1 "p ( :i* 0 ov]fl[$ half ( ! ye>1 visit$ by all ! sicknesses inh]5t to su* a location1 !y pass$ sev]al ye>s 9 _! attempts to gr[ ,european grapes4 ,failure 0 pr$e/9$ because ( natural ob/acles :i* by ?is "t 7 app>5t1 & 0 =e%ad[$ by s _m previ\s unsuccessful attempts t x w\ld seem t ?is culm9at+ trag$y 9 gr[+ ,european grapes c\ld h be5 prev5t$4 ,! c]ta9 failure ( ! attempt makes all ! m pa!tic ! /ory ( ! ,v9e & ,olive ,colony on ! ,tombigbee4#ca ,9 clos+ ! record ( ! ,old ,_w grape 9 ,am]ica a few ( ! lat] individual attempts to gr[ ?is grape mu/ be rec\nt$4 ,?ree g5]ations ( ,pr9ces exp]im5t$ ) ,european grapes at ! fam\s ,l9nan ,botanic ,g>d51 ,flu%+1 ,long ,isl&4 ,wm4 ,r4 ,pr9ce#cb au?or ( ,a ,treatise on ! ,v9e1 devot$ 8 life to promot+ ! culture ( ! grape 9 ,am]ica4 ,he tri$ all ( ! ,european sorts obta9able1 re>$ z he tells u1 f plants import$ direct f ! mo/ celebrat$ collections 9 ,france1 ,g]many1 ,italy1 ! ,crimea1 ,madeira1 etc42 & above two hundr$ v>ieties are ! id5tical k9ds :i* 7 cultivat$ at ! ,royal ,g>d5 ( ! ,luxemb\rg at ,p>is1 an e/abli%m5t =m$ by royal patronage = ! purpose ( conc5trat+ all ! mo/ valuable fruits ( ,france1 & te/+ _! respective m]its4#cc ,aft] ne>ly a half c5tury ( exp]im5tation he gave up ! culture ( =eign grapes & l>gely devot$ ! la/ ye>s ( 8 life to gr[+ & dissem9at+ native v>ieties1 ex]cis+1 probably1 a great] influ5ce on ! culture ( ,am]ican grapes ?an any o!r ( ! _m m5 :o h help$ improve ! grapes ( ?is c\ntry4 ,ni*olas ,longwor?1#cd ( ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio1 exp]im5t$ ) ! ,european grapes = ?irty ye>s4 ,8 exp]i5ce is be/ told 9 8 own words writt5 9 #ahdf3 ,i h tri$ ! =eign grapes ext5sively = w9e at great exp5se = _m ye>s1 & h ab&on$ !m z unfit = our climate4 ,9 ! acclimation ( plants ,i d n believe4 ,! :ite1 ,sweetwat] grape is n m h>dy ) me ?an x 0 ?irty ye>s s9ce1 & does n be> z well4 ,i h tri$ !m 9 all soils & ) all exposures4 ,i obta9$ #e1jjj plants f ,madeira1 #aj1jjj f ,france2 & "o-half ( !m1 consi/+ ( tw5ty v>ieties ( ! mo/ celebrat$ w9e grapes f ! m\nta9s ( ,jura1 9 ! extreme nor!rn#ce "p ( ,france1 :]e ! v9e region ends2 ,i also obta9$ !m f ! vic9ity ( ,p>is1 ,bordeaux1 & f ,g]many4 ,i w5t to ! exp5se ( tr5*+ "o hundr$ feet squ>e on a side hill1 plac+ a lay] ( /one & gravel at ! bottom1 ) a dra9 to c>ry (f ! wat]1 & to put 9 a compo/ ( ri* soil & s& ?ree feet deep1 & plant$ on x a great v>iety ( =eign w9e grapes4 ,all fail$2 & n a s+le plant is left 9 my v9ey>ds4 ,i w\ld advise ! cultivation ( native grapes alone1 & ! rais+ ( new v>ieties f _! se$4#cf ,! ,fr5* ,revolution drove a weal?y & educat$ ,fr5*man1 ,m4 ,p>m5ti]1 to ,new ,york at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,he plant$ ab\t 8 place 9 ,brooklyn a l>ge g>d5 9 :i* !re 7 _m grapes4 ,?is g>d5 aft]w>d became a comm]cial nurs]y f :i* 0 di/ribut$ a consid]able numb] ( ,european grapes4 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,und]hill at ,croton ,po9t on ! ,hudson 0 induc$ to plant a v9ey>d ( ^! b !y soon w5t ! way ( all _! k9d1 leav+ ,mr4 ,und]hill only a consum+ desire to plant grapes4 ,?is desire bore fruit1 z we %all see4 ,:5 ! reign ( t]ror _h ceas$1 ,p>m5ti] return$ to ,france f :5ce he s5t _m grapes to fri5ds 9 ,am]ica4 ,he left a la/+ impress on ! horticulture & viticulture ( ,am]ica1 ?r\gh 8 exp]im5tal ef=ts ) plants & 8 contribution to ,am]ican horticultural lit]ature4 ,! ,und]hills 7! fa!r _h be5 jo9$ by 8 sons ,r4 ,t4 & ,w4 ,a4 ,und]hill7 plant$ a v9ey>d ( ,catawbas & ,isabellas 9 #ahbg4 ,^! v9ey>ds grew until !y cov]$ sev5ty-five acres1 ! product ( :i* 0 m>ket$ 9 ! metropolis & ne>by cities4 ,! grapes f ?is v9ey>d (t5 sold = tw5ty-five c5ts a p\nd & suppli$ ! :ole m>ket ( ! region4 ,! grape indu/ry ( ! ,hudson ,riv] ,valley began ) ,p>m5ti] & ! ,und]hills4 ,ano!r ,fr5*man1 ,alphonse ,l\bat1 plant$ a v9ey>d ( =ty acres at ,utre*t1 ,long ,isl&1 conta9+ ab\t #aej1jjj plants ( =eign v>ieties4 ,"h1 we are told1 he /rove aga9/ mildew & sun-scald = sev]al ye>s1 b _h to yield at la/1 z ! elem5ts 7 too mu* = human ex]tions to ov]come4#cg ,l\bat attempt$ to protect 8 grapes f mildew by cov]+ !m ) pap] bags & 0 probably ! orig9ator ( ! practice ( bagg+ grapes4 ,n infrequ5tly "o may /ill f9d "s v>ieties ( ! ,old ,_w grape gr[n out ( doors ) a fair degree ( success 9 favor$ locations b always by ! amateur & nev] 9 a comm]cial v9ey>d4 ,^! few pages rehe>s+ repeat$ failures )\t a s+le success1 s]ve to %[ ! uselessness ( attempt+ to gr[ =eign grapes 9 ea/]n ,am]ica4 ,_! culture has be5 tri$ by ?\s&s on a small scale & by _m individuals ) exp]i5ce1 k & capital on a l>ge scale4 ,) all1 ! results h be5 ! same2 a ye> or two ( promise1 !n disease1 dead v9es & an ab&on$ v9ey>d4 ,! causes = ^! failures h be5 indicat$4 ,z ,duf\r says1 a sickness takes hold ( ! v9es4 ,phyllox]a1 mildew1 rot--native p>asites to :i* native grapes are comp>atively immune--take hold ( ! =eign sorts & !y die4 ,x is probable1 too1 t our climate1 at ! ,nor? at lea/1 is n well suit$ to ! production ( ! ,old ,_w grape4 ,z a species1 ! ,v9if]a grapes ?rive be/ 9 climates equable 9 bo? temp]ature & humidity4 ,! climate ( ea/]n ,am]ica is n equable2 x alt]nates betwe5 hot & cold1 wet & dry4 ,! range 9 bo? temp]ature & humidity is f> great] ?an 9 ! grape-gr[+ regions ( ,europe1 ,cali=nia1 ,s\? ,africa or ,au/ralia4 ,! fle%y roots ( ,vitis v9if]a are m t5d] to cold ?an are ^? ( ! species ( nor!rn ,unit$ ,/ates & ?is w\ld prev5t its culture becom+ v g5]al 9 _m regions :]e native grapes c be gr[n4 ,x is only 9 ! regions we/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 & m p>ticul>ly 9 ,cali=nia1 t ! v>ieties ( ,v9if]a are successfully gr[n 9 ,am]ica4 ,! great viticultural int]e/s ( ! f> ,we/ are f\nd$ ^u ! success ( ?is "o species4 ,! native grapes c be gr[n b !y _c compete 9 ,cali=nia ) ,vitis v9if]a = any purpose4 ,nev]!less ,am]ican species are indisp5sable 9 ?is we/]n region = /ocks ^u :i* to graft ! ,v9if]a v>ieties1 & x is probable t ! "t is n f> di/ant :5 all ,cali=nia v9es w be ^u ,am]ican roots4 ,)9 ! b\nd>ies ( latitude 9 :i* ,v9if]a v>ieties are gr[n we/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s ! grape %[s wond]ful adaptability2 x is f\nd at all elevations p]mitt+ fruit culture2 x gr[s on practically all soils2 x ?rives "u irrigation or "u dry f>m+2 x is giv5 v>i\s k9ds ( treatm5t1 includ+ total neglect1 & /ill ?rives2 ! numb] ( v>ieties gr[n = w9e1 rais9 & table grapes runs into hundr$s4 ,! truly wond]ful success met ) 9 ! cultivation ( ?is species we/ ( ! great cont95tal divide makes all ! m rem>kable ! fact t 9 no place ea/ ( ! divide w v>ieties ( x ?rive4 ,we n[ pass to a consid]ation ( ! ,am]ican grapes1 _! *>act]s1 ! e>ly notices ( !m1 _! rise1 _! success1 & _! future--a m pleas+ task ?an to record disa/] aft] disa/] 9 gr[+ ! grape ( ! ,old ,_w4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,am]ican ,,grapes ,! grape is preem95tly a ,nor? ,am]ican plant4 ,! g5us ,vitis is a l>ge "o1 f ?irty to fifty species be+ di/+ui%$ = ! _w2 m ?an half ( ^! are f\nd on ?is cont95t4 ,b few o!r plants 9 ,am]ica1 or 9 ! _w1 inhabit su* v>i$ & su* ext5d$ areas4 ,9 ,nor? ,am]ica wild grapes ab\nd on ! w>m1 dry soils ( ,new ,brunswick & ,new ,engl&1 ab\t ! ,great ,lakes 9 ,canada & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & on ! f]tile riv] banks & 9 ! valleys1 ri* woodl&s & ?ickets ( ! ea/]n & s\!rn ,/ates4 ,!y ?rive 9 ! dry woods1 s&y sea-pla9s1 & reef-keys ( ! ,c>ol9as1 ,georgia & ,florida :]e ! v9es ( ! ,scupp]nong (t5 run m ?an a hundr$ feet ov] trees & %rubs1 riot+ 9 natural luxuriance4 ,!y fl\ri% 9 ! m\nta9s & lime/one hills ( ! ,virg9ias1 ,t5nessee & ,k5tucky4 ,!y are n s common 9 ! ,we/1 yet f\nd 9 almo/ all p>ts ( ,miss\ri & ,arkansas1 & f ,nor? ,dakota ?r\gh ,kansas to s\!rn ,texas4 ,"s wild grape is f\nd 9 ea* ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,/ates on pla9 or m\nta91 or 9 riv] *asm or dry canon4 ,sev]al species are f\nd 9 ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona & ,cali=nia1 :]e if !y did n furni% ! ,spani% padres ( ,santa ,fe & ,san ,diego ) fruit = w9e1 !y sugge/$ to !m ! plant+ ( ! fir/ successful v9ey>ds 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,h[ did ! grape spread f ! ,c>ol9as to ,cali=nia & f subtropical ,mexico to ! b>r5 pla9s ( ,c5tral ,canada8 ,:y divide into its manifold =ms 9 ! di/ribution8 ,^! que/ions are ( practical import to ! grape-gr[] & bre$] :o seeks to improve ?is fruit4 ,! k ( ! di/ribution & evolution ( plants obta9$ 9 ! la/ half c5tury is s complete t ^! que/ions pres5t few difficulties to ! naturali/ ( today4 ,9 answ]+ !m no "o w\ld n[ hold t ! num]\s species & _! sub-divisions 7 creat$ sep>ately = ! regions 9 :i* !y gr[4 ,all w\ld take ! gr\nd t ! diff]5t wild =ms come f "o ance/ral species4 ,we c waive ! "q z to :at ! orig9al species 0 & z to :]e x fir/ grew4 ,x is c]ta9 t grapes h n be5 di/ribut$ ov] ,nor? ,am]ica by ! h& ( man4 ,probably !y h be5 gr[+ 9 ! regions :]e !y are n[ f\nd s9ce be=e ! migration ( ! fir/ savages4 ,! ag5ts ( di/ribution h be5 natural ones1 su* z animals1 birds1 & lake & riv] curr5ts4 ,^! h wid5$ ! area ( a species to limits impos$ by ! ho/ile action ( o!r plants & ( animals & by geographical & physical conditions4 ,z a species has encroa*$ ^u a new region1 climate1 soil1 all ( ! conditions ( environm5t1 & ! conte/ ) o!r liv+ ?+s1 h gradually modifi$ its *>act]s until 9 "t x became s *ang$ t x con/itut$ a new species4 ,?is desc5t f an orig9al species ) plants *ang$ by environm5t has giv5 u1 9 ,am]ica1 types ( ! wild grape z widely div]se z ! regions !y inhabit4 ,! species f\nd 9 ! =e/s h develop$ long sl5d] trunks & bran*es 9 _! /ruggle to atta9 sunlight & air4 ,at lea/ two species are dw>f & %rubby1 or infrequ5tly climb+1 two to six feet high1 gr[+ 9 dry s&s1 on rocky hills & m\nta9s :]e roots mu/ cl+ to rocks & p5etrate into int]/ices4 ,/ill ano!r =m runs on ! gr\nd & ov] l[ bu%es & is ne>ly ev]gre51 b 9 ! h]b>ium c h>dly be di/+ui%$ f a grape ^: habit ( gr[? is /rik+ly diff]5t4 ,"s are long-liv$1 gr[+ & be>+ fruit = two or m c5turies1 :ile o!rs rea* no great] age ?an ! ord9>y %rub4 ,"s h enorm\s /ems1 a foot or m 9 diamet]1 gn>l$ & picturesque & support+ a great canopy ( bran* & foliage1#ch :ile o!rs are sl5d] 9 /em & graceful1 almo/ delicate1 9 "* ( v9e4 ,n less rem>kable ?an ! diff]5ces 9 /ructure is ! adaptability ( ! g5us & "s ( ! species to v>i$ climatic conditions4 ,sev]al ( ! wild grapes develop full size & display natural luxuriance & fruit-be>+ qualities only 9 ! ,middle ,/ates1 b may be f\nd on dry1 gravelly1 w9d-swept hills f> to ! nor? or 9 "s hot & humid atmosph]e ( ! ,s\?1 z if to %[ indiff]5ce to wet or dry1 heat or cold4 ,on ! o!r h& !re are _m /rong po9ts ( resemblance betwe5 ! score or m ( species4 ,! organs & *>act]s t d n be> ! /ra9 ( *ang$ environm5t1 nor suff] 9 ! p]petual w>f>e ( nature1 are mu* ! same 9 all ( ! species ( ,vitis4 ,?us ! /ructure ( fl[]s1 fruits & se$s is practically id5tical2 all h nak$-tipp$ t5drils2 leaves & leaf-buds are v simil>2 & ! v>i\s species usually hybridize freely4 ,!y are alike 9 ! unlik5ess ( individual plants 9 any ( ! species2 t is1 all ( ! individuals ( ! g5us are mo/ v>iable & se$s tak5 f ! same v9e may produce plants q unlike "o ano!r & q unlike ! p>5t4 ,^! few facts reg>d+ ! evolution & di/ribution ( ,am]ican grapes lead to two important conclusions3 ,fir/1 ! species are s di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & individuals ( ! species gr[ 9 su* abundance & luxuriance1 z to sugge/ t we %all be able to improve & dome/icate "s "o or m ( !m = all ( ! agricultural regions ( ! c\ntry4 ,= x is prov$ t ne>ly all ( ! wild grapes h horticultural possibilities2 & exp]i5ce ) _m plants tea*es t ! b\nd>ies ( areas inhabit$ by ! wild species ( a giv5 region co9cide ) ^? suit$ to ! production ( ! dome/icat$ plant 9 t region4 ,x is n possible to tell :]e ! grape-gr[+ regions ( ! future are to be locat$2 = species & individuals ( ?is fruit are s common t no "o c say :]e ! grape is mo/ at home 9 ,am]ica4 ,second1 grapes are s v>iable & pla/ic 9 nature t1 7 x n kn[n f exp]i5ce1 x c\ld be assum$ t !y w\ld yield readily to improvem5t4 ,besides be+ v>iable !y hybridize freely & ?us ! plant-bre$] c obta9 desirable />t+ po9ts4 ,!re are indications t "s ( ! *>act]s ( grapes1 at lea/1 foll[ ,m5del's ,law1 & :5 once ^! h be5 det]m9$1 & ! m important unit *>act]s segregat$ & def9$1 x ought to be possible to comb9e & re>range ! *>act]s ( ?is fruit ) "s sy/em & surely ) m c]ta9ty ?an 9 ! pa/4 ,?is brief introduction leads u to ! consid]ation ( ,am]ican grapes z cultivat$ plants4 ,we h se5 t x is an absolute impossibility to gr[ ! ,old ,_w grape 9 ea/]n ,am]ica4 ,! fruit-gr[]s 9 ?is great region are =c$ to plant ! native grapes if any4 ,x requir$ two hundr$ ye>s to e/abli% ?is fact & x is less ?an a hundr$ ye>s s9ce grape-gr[]s h g5]ally ackn[l$g$ x z a fact4 ,:at 0 kn[n ( ,am]ican grapes dur+ ! two hundr$ ye>s wa/$ 9 attempt+ to gr[ ! =eign ,v9if]a8 ,& :at has be5 accompli%$ 9 a c5tury 9 ameliorat+ ! native grapes8 ,! e>lie/ ,european visitors to ! ,atlantic seabo>d delight$ 9 ! wild grapes :i* !y f\nd ev]y:]e & :i* rem9d$ !m ( ! ,old ,_w v9ey>ds4 ,_h !y nev] se5 su* a fruit1 ! wild grapes c\ld n long h escap$ _! att5tion2 = ! ,indians knew & us$ !m z !y did potatoes1 corn1 & tobacco4 ,9 ! n>ratives ( ! e>ly voyages ! grape is (t5 9 ! li/s ( ! res\rces & treasures ( ! new-f\nd cont95t4 ,un=tunately x 0 n consid]$ ( great intr9sic value b only sugge/$ to ! explor]s t ! grape ( ! old home might be gr[n 9 ! new home4 ,c\ld a "p ( ! exagg]at$ e/eem giv5 by ! e>ly ,european travel]s & home-seek]s to sassafras1 g9s5g & o!r su* plants1 h be5 be/[$ ^u ! wild grapes :i* ov]-run ! c\ntry1 viticulture w\ld h tak5 rank ) ! tobacco1 lumb] & ! fi% indu/ries ( ! e>ly settl]s4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ,v9l&1 or m prop]ly ,w9el&1 we f9d ! fir/ record ( ,am]ican grapes4#ci ,bi>ni ,h]iulfsson1 a ,norseman1 :ile mak+ a voyage f ,icel& to ,gre5l&1 #ihf ,a4 ,d41 0 driv5 by a /orm to ! coa/ ( ,new ,engl& b did n t\* l&4 ,leif ! ,lucky1 son ( ,eric ! ,r$1 ab\t #ajjj ,a4 ,d41 visit$ ! c\ntry discov]$ by ,bi>ni4 ,"o ( ,leif's m51 ,tyrk]1 a ,g]man :o 0 born :]e !re is no lack ( ei!r grapes or v9es1 discov]$ grapes1 :]eupon ,leif nam$ ! c\ntry ,w9el&4 ,o!r ,norsem5 9 at lea/ two exp$itions visit$ ,w9el&1 suppos$ to be a "p ( ,rhode ,isl& or ,massa*usetts1 & = c5turies aft]1 ! l& discov]$ by ,leif ! ,lucky 0 kn[n 9 ,icel&ic lit]ature z ,w9el& ! ,good4 ,! fir/ ,european to t\* ! ,new ,_w *ri/5$ x aft] its grapes4 ,! next record we h ( ,am]ican grapes comes f an ,engli%man1 "o ,capta9 ,john ,hawk9s1 :o visit$ ! ,spani% settlem5ts 9 ,florida 9 #aefe4dj ,9 8 acc\nt ( ! colony he speaks ( ! wild grapes1 comp>+ !m1 z did all ! e>ly explor]s1 ) ^? ( ,europe4 ,he indicates fur!r t ! ,spani>ds _h discov]$ ! value ( ! wild grape = dome/ic purposes & says t !y _h made tw5ty hog%eads ( w9e 9 a s+le season4 ,x is almo/ c]ta9 t ?is grape 0 ,vitis rotundifolia1 be/ repres5t$ by ! ,scupp]nong1 :i* is commonly f\nd on ! ,atlantic sea-coa/ f ,m>yl& to ,florida4 ,! fir/ ,engli% coloni/s1 l ! ,norsem51 decl>$ ! new-f\nd _w to be a natural v9ey>d4 ,amadas & ,b>l[e1 s5t out by ,raleigh 9 #aehd1 describ$ ! l&#da s full ( grapes z ! v beat+ & surge ( ! sea ov]fl[$ !m1 ( :i* we f\nd su* pl5ty1 z well !re z 9 all places else1 bo? on ! s& & on ! gre5 soil1 on ! hills z on ! pla9s1 z well z on e little %rub z also climb+ t[>ds ! top ( high c$>s1 t ,i ?9k 9 all ! _w ! l abundance is n to be f\nd4 ,ralph ,lane1 9 a subsequ5t exp$ition ( ,raleigh's1 9 a lett] to ,hakluyt1 pron\nc$ ! grapes ( ,virg9ia to be l>g] ?an ^? ( ,france1 ,spa9 or ,italy4#db ,! region describ$ by ,amadas & ,b>l[e is t ( ! two great s\nds1 ,albem>le & ,pamlico1 on ! coa/ ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a & m specifically ,roanoke ,isl&4 ,x 0 to ?is place t ,raleigh s5t 8 exp$itions1 ) "o ( :i* ,amadas & ,b>l[e 7 connect$1 & e/abli%$ ! e>lie/ colony ( ,engli%m5 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,! fir/ home ( ,europeans 9 ,am]ica 0 9 ,v9l&1 nam$ = its grapes4 ,! fir/ home ( ,engli%m5 0 on ,roanoke ,isl&1 s full ( grapes t ! v sea ov]fl[$ !m4 ,a few ye>s lat]1 ,?omas ,h>iot1 9 a description ( ,virg9ia :i* mu/ h done mu* to decide ! ,engli% z to ! advisability ( e/abli%+ colonies 9 ,am]ica1 gave a detail$ acc\nt ( ! m]*antable commodities ! new c\ntries af=d$4 ,among ^! he m5tions grapes :i* he describes z be+ ( two k9ds t ! soil yields naturally & abundantly1 ( :i* "o 0 small & s\r & ( ! bigness ( ! ,european grape :ile ! o!r 0 ( great] size & m sweet & lusci\s4 ,h>iot concludes 8 description ) ! /atem5t t :5 !y are plant$ & husb&$ z !y ought1 a pr9cipal commodity ( w9e may be rais$4#dc ,( ! lat] acc\nts giv5 ( grapes 9 ,virg9ia & ! ,c>ol9as by ! coloniz]s & adv5tur]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury !re are s _m t x is impossible to pres5t all & difficult to sort out ^? mo/ apt4 ,a few m may be giv53 ,capta9 ,john ,smi?1 soldi]1 coloniz] & ,virg9ian plant]1 writ+ 9 #afjf describes two sorts ( wild grapes4 ,he says3#dd ,( v9es great abundance 9 _m p>ts t climbe ! toppes ( highe/ trees 9 "s places1 b ^! be>e b few grapes4 ,except by ! riv]s & savage habitations1 :]e !y are n ov]%ad[$ f ! sunne1 !y are cov]$ ) fruit1 ?\gh nev] pru9$ nor manur$4 ,( ^? h$ge grapes we made ne]e tw5tie gallons ( w9e1 :i* 0 l our ,fr5* ,britti% w9e1 b c]ta9ely !y w\ld prove good 7 !y well manur$4 ,!re is ano!r sort ( grape ne]e z great z a ,*]ry1 ?is !y ,indians call ,messam9s1 !y be fatte1 & ! juyce ?icke4 ,nei!r do? ! ta/e s well please :5 !y are made 9 w9e4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k t ! fir/ ,engli% coloni/ 9 ! ,new ,_w notic$ t ! v9es 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,indian habitations & along ! edges ( creeks1 riv]s & swamps1 :]e n ov]%ad[$ f ! sun1 7 cov]$ ) fruit4 ,! /atem5t ( ?is fact1 c\pl$ ) ! "o foll[+1 b c]ta9ely !y w\ld prove good 7 !y well manur$1 indicates t ! possibility ( successful cultivation ( ! wild grapes 0 consid]$ at ?is e>ly "t4 ,9 fact1 z we h se51 ,"l ,delaw>e at once s\ght to te/ ! virtues ( ! native grapes by br++ ov] a numb] ( ,fr5* v9e-dress]s1 :o n only plant$ cutt+s import$ f ,europe b proce$$ at once to transplant ! v9e ( ! c\ntry4#de ,a few ye>s lat]1 accord+ to ,bruce1 ,sir ,?omas ,dale e/abli%$ a v9ey>d at ,h5rico n long aft] ! f\ndation ( t settlem5t1 cov]+ an area ( ?ree acres1 9 :i* he plant$ ! v9es ( ! native grape = ! purpose ( te/+ _! adaptability to ! production ( w9es t c\ld be sub/itut$ = ^? ( ,france & ,spa94#df ,francis ,maguel1 :o visit$ ,virg9ia 9 #afji1 /at$ t ! w9e made 9 ! colony rem9d$ him ( ! ,alicante :i* he _h drunk 9 ,spa94#dg ,! fir/ ,secret>y ( ! ,colony1 ,william ,/ra*ey1 0 some:at fulsome 9 8 praise ( ! new f\nd fruit4 ,writ+#dh 9 #afaj1 he says t ! v9es burd5 e bu%1 climb to ! top ( ! highe/ trees & are always full ( clu/]s ( grapes ?\gh nev] prun$ or manur$4 ,he decl>es t ! grapes are z good z ^? to be f\nd betwe5 ,p>is & ,ami5s & t ! w9e made by ! settl]s f ! wild grapes 0 equal to ,fr5* or ,briti% w9e1 be+ /rong & headdy4 ,9 clos+ 8 description he /ates t by art & indu/ry skillful vign]ons c\ld br+ viticulture unto su* p]fection z w enable ! colony to export w9e to ! "m c\ntry4 ,an anonym\s writ] 9 #afdi1 :o sets out to give a full & true relation ( ! pres5t /ate ( ! plantations1 _! heal?1 peace & pl5ty1 etc41 etc41 ?\ght t ! colony ne$$ only "s "o to set an example to ! ord9>y settl]s to induce !m to gr[ grapes4 ,?is writ] says3 ,v9es 9 abundance & v>iety1 d gr[ naturally ov] all ! l&1 b by ! birds & bea/s1 mo/ dev\r$ be=e !y come to p]fection & rip5esse2 b ?is te/ifies & decl>es1 ,t ! ,gr\nd1 & ! ,climate is mo/ prop]1 & ! ,commodity ( ,w9e is n a contemptible ,m]*&ize2 b "s m5 ( wor? & e/ate mu/ give 9 ^! ?+s example to ! inf]ior inhabitants & ord9>y sort ( m51 to %ew !m ! ga9 & ,commodity by x1 :i* !y w n believe b by exp]i5ce be=e _! faces3#di ,a hundr$ ye>s lat]1 accord+ to ,bev]ly1 ! grape 0 sc>cely cultivat$1 ! masses ( ! p be+ cont5t ) ! fruit ( ! wild v9es :i* grew ev]y:]e 9 ! =e/4 ,s f> z is kn[n !re 7 9 ,bev]ly's "t1 #agbb1 no nam$ v>ieties & !re _h be5 no ef=ts to improve ! wild grapes 9 any way4 ,!re are no indications f ! e>ly writ+s to %[ t ! ,virg9ian settl]s ev5 knew h[ to propagate grapes4 ,! reason = ?is neglect is l>gely to be s\ght = 9 ! la/ s5t5ce 9 ! subjo9$ footnote f ,bev]ly4#ej ,?is neglect 0 9 spite ( ! fact t f ! fir/ ! settl]s _h not$ t :5 ! v9es 7 op5 to ! sun ! crop 0 improv$4 ,9 ! nor!rn colonies1 z 9 ,virg9ia1 ab\t ! fir/ object to attract ! att5tion ( ! e>ly settl]s 0 ! wild grape4 ,! grape1 possibly m ?an any o!r natural product ( ! soil1 is m5tion$ 9 ! prelim9>y surveys ( ! ,atlantic ,coa/ z (f]+ reasonable gr\nd = ! expectation t ,am]ican soils w\ld furni% all ( ! supplies necess>y = ! su/5ance & com=t ( settl]s4 ,a few /atem5ts f ! e>ly explor]s & visitors 9 ! ,middle & ,new ,engl& ,/ates w s]ve to %[ h[ pl5tiful wild grapes 7 9 ^! regions & ! e/imation 9 :i* !y 7 held4 ,9 ,delaw>e1 ,beau*amp ,plantag5et1 describ+ a ,uv$ale "u ,websneck1 9 8 acc\nt ( ,new ,albion1 says t x conta9s f\r sorts ( excell5t great v9es runn+ on mulb]ry & sassafras trees2 !re are f\r sorts ( grapes1 ! fir/ is ! ,?\l\se ,muscat1 sweet sc5t$1 ! second ! great fox & ?ick grape1 aft] five mon?s reap$ be+ boil$ & salt$1 & well f9$1 x is a /rong r$ ,x]es2 ! ?ird a light ,cl>et1 ! f\r? a :ite grape creeps on ! l&1 make? a pure gold color :ite w9e2 ,t5is ,pale1 ! ,fr5*man1 ( ^! f\r made eight sorts ( excell5t w9e1 & ( ! ,muscat acute boil$ t ! second draught w fox#ea a reasonable pate f\r mon?s old3 & "h may be ga!r$ & made two hundr$ ton 9 ! v9tage mon?1 & replant$ w m5d4 ,9 ,new ,engl& ! sev5te5? c5tury notices ( ! wild grape are ev5 m num]\s ?an simil> records to ! s\? b !y are brief] & ! nor!rn obs]v] did n recognize ! possibilities ( _! dome/ic use & ( br++ !m "u cultivation4 ,?is seem+ neglect ( ! ,puritans 0 n because ! nor!rn wild grapes are inf]ior to ^? ( ,virg9ia & ! ,c>ol9as1 b m likely because ( ! social & indu/rial conditions ( ! coloni/s4 ,! ri*] plant]s 9 ! ,s\? _h "t = w9e-mak+1 ! only purpose = :i* grapes 7 !n gr[n1 & = gr[+ ! grapes4 ,! ,new ,engl&]s _h to /ruggle = ! necessities ( life4 ,x is significant1 too1 t ! ,s\!rn]s 7 fond ( w9e1 & import$ ,madeira 9 l>ge quantities4 ,9 ,new ,engl&1 rum seems to h be5 pref]r$ to w9e1 & z its manufacture f molasses is v simple & ! latt] 0 to be _h f ! ,we/ ,indies at small co/1 w9e-mak+ & grape-gr[+ receiv$ small att5tion4 ,yet ne>ly all ( ! writ]s on ! res\rces ( ! ,new ,engl& ,colonies m5tion$ grapes4 ,?us ,gov]nor ,edw>d ,w9sl[ writ+ 9 #afba ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* ! ,puritans _h f\nd a home says3 "h are grapes1 :ite & r$1 & v sweet & /rong also4 ,we h se5 t ,w9?rop 0 s impress$ ) ! possibility ( grape-gr[+ 9 ! new colony t he secur$ a grant ( ,gov]nor's ,isl& 9 ,bo/on ,h>bor ^u :i* to plant a v9ey>d4 ,9 ,?omas ,morton's ,new ,engli% ,canaan is f\nd ! be/ acc\nt ( ! wild grapes ( ,new ,engl& z ! ,puritan f\nd !m4 ,he says3#eb ,v9es1 ( ?is k9de ( trees1 !re are t be>e grapes ( ?ree col\rs1 t is to say3 :ite1 black1 & r$4 ,! ,c\ntry is s apt = v9es1 t 7b = ! fire at ! spr+ ( ! ye>e7 ! v9es w\ld s ov] spreade ! l&1 t "o %\ld n be able to passe = !m1 ! fruit is z bigg ( "s z a musket bullet1 & is excell5t 9 ta/e4 ,john ,josselyn 9 ,new ,engl&'s ,r>ities1 speaks ( a grape hav+ a ta/e ( gunp[d]1 a %ort b vivid description ( ,vitis labrusca4#ec ,william ,wood 9 ,new ,engl&'s ,prospect gives /ill ano!r acc\nt ( ! grapes ( ,new ,engl&4#ed ,! ref]5ces giv5 are suffici5t to %[ t ! value ( ! native grapes z a s\rce ( food & = w9e 0 recogniz$ by ! fir/ settl]s 9 practically all ( ! colonies & t _! possibilities z cultivat$ plants 7 consid]$ by "s ( ! coloniz]s4 ,yet = two hundr$ ye>s !re 7 no zeal\s ef=ts made to cultivate ,am]ican grapes4 ,inde$1 !re are f> few] ref]5ces to ! wild grapes ( ! c\ntry 9 ! eighte5? c5tury ?an 9 ! sev5te5?4 ,! reasons = ?is neglect ( a plant :i* c\ld s easily h be5 improv$ by cultivation1 & ?is mu/ h be5 app>5t1 are sev]al4 ,dur+ all ( ?is p]iod ! ,european grape 0 be+ tri$ & all hopes = viticulture 7 c5t]$ ab\t x4 ,aga91 fruit ( any k9d 0 n a common article ( diet ) ,am]icans until ev5 s rec5tly z a g5]ation ago1 & native grapes are dess]t fruits1 n w9e fruits1 & w9e 0 ! purpose = :i* all grapes 7 gr[n until ! ,catawba1 ! ,concord & ! ,delaw>e :ett$ ! appetites ( fruit eat]s = a dess]t grape4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ! amelioration ( ! ,am]ican grapes we c skip ! p]iod f ! e>ly settlem5t ( ! c\ntry1 a p]iod repres5t$ by ! above quotations1 to ! fir/ ye>s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a lapse ( "t 9 :i* !re 7 no /eps =w>d & 9 :i* ev5 in=mation conc]n+ grapes 0 sc>cely increas$4 ,! evolution ( ,am]ican grapes began ) ! op5+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ab\t ! only acc\nts ( grapes dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury wor?y ( note be+ ^? ( ,john ,lawson1 #agad2 ,rob]t ,bev]ly1 #agbb2 ,col4 ,rob]t ,boll+1 #agfe2 ,edw>d ,antill1 #agfi2 & ,pet] ,legaux1 #ahjj4 ,all ( ^! writ]s except+ ,lawson 7 conc]n$ ) ,european grapes1 & _! relations to grape-gr[+ 7 !re=e discuss$ 9 ! *apt] on ! ,old ,_w grape4 ,x rema9s1 h[ev]1 to call att5tion to su* /atem5ts z 7 made by !m ( ,am]ican grapes4 ,john ,lawson1 a ,scot* eng9e]1 sp5t eight ye>s1 beg9n+ 9 #agjj1 explor+ & survey+ ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,a "p ( ?is "t he 0 ,surveyor ,g5]al = ! ,/ate & ?r\gh natural desire & vocation he became famili> ) ! flora ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,9 8 hi/ory ( t ,/ate1 writt5 9 #agad1 he gives an acc\nt ( its natural res\rces 9 :i* ! grapes ( ! region are sev]al times describ$4 ,he di/+ui%es six k9ds1 ?ree ( :i* he m5tions z hav+ be5 remov$ to ! g>d5s4 ,8 fulle/ acc\nt runs z foll[s3#ee ,among ! natural fruits1 ! v9e takes fir/ place1 ( :i* ,i f9d six sorts1 v well kn[n4 ,! fir/ is ! black bun* grapes :i* yield a crimson juice4 ,^! gr[ common & be> pl5tifully1 !y are ( a good reli%1 ?\gh n l>ge1 yet well knit 9 ! clu/]s4 ,!y h a ?icki% sk9 & l>ge /one1 :i* makes !m n yield mu* juice4 ,!re is ano!r sort ( black grapes l ! =m] 9 all respects1 save t _! juice is ( a light fle% color1 incl9+ to a :ite4 ,i once saw a spontane\s :ite bun* grape 9 ,c>ol9a2 b ! cattle br[z+ on ! spr\ts !re( 9 ! spr+1 x di$4 ,( ^? :i* we call fox grapes1 we h f\r sorts2 two :]e( are call$ summ] grapes1 because ripe 9 ,july2 ! o!r two w9t] fruits1 because n ripe till ,septemb] or ,octob]4 ,! summ] fox grapes gr[ n 9 clu/]s or great bun*es1 b are ab\t five or six 9 a bun*1 ab\t ! bigness ( a damson or l>g]4 ,! black sort are frequ5t1 ! :ite n s commonly f\nd4 ,!y always gr[ 9 swamps & l[1 moi/ l&s1 runn+ sometimes v high & be+ %ady1 & !re=e prop] = arb\rs4 ,!y af=d ! l>ge/ leaf ,i ev] saw to my remembrance1 ! back ( :i* is ( a :ite horse fle% color4 ,?is fruit always rip5s 9 ! %ade4 ,i h transplant$ !m into my or*>d & f9d !y ?rive well1 if manur$4 ,a neighbor ( m9e has done ! same2 m9e 7 by slips1 8 f ! roots1 :i* ?rive to admiration1 & be> fruit1 ?\gh n s juicy z ! ,european grape1 b ( a glut9\s nature4 ,h[ev] x is pleasant en\gh to eat4 ,! o!r w9t] fox grapes are mu* ( ! same bigness4 ,^! refuse no gr\nd1 swampy or dry1 b gr[ pl5tifully on ! s& hills along ! sea coa/ & else:]e1 & are great be>]s4 ,i h se5 ne> twelve bu%els ^u "o v9e ( ! black sort4 ,"s ( ^!1 :5 ?or\ghly ripe1 h a v pretty v9\s ta/e & eat v well1 yet are glut9\s4 ,! :ite sort are cle> & transp>5t1 & indiff]5t small /ones4 ,be+ remov$ by ! slip or root1 !y ?rive well 9 our g>d5s1 & make pleasant %ades4 ,9 ano!r "p ( 8 hi/ory1 ,lawson says t 9 #agjh ! ,fr5* ,hugu5ots on ,tr5t ,riv]1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 7 cultivat+ ,european grapes = w9e-mak+4#ef ,aga9 he devotes sev]al pages to ! subject ( grape-gr[+ 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4#eg ,he held t ?is noble vegetable c\ld be br\ght to ! same p]fection z 9 simil> latitudes 9 ,europe4 ,he /ates t ,na?aniel ,johnson _h reject$ all exotic v9es & 0 cultivat+ native sorts f :i* he 0 mak+ excell5t w9e4 ,lawson admoni%es 8 read]s t 9 a new c\ntry ! settl]s are "u ! necessity ( mak+ use ( ! natural products ( ! soil ( :i*1 9 ,c>ol9a1 ! wild grape is mo/ wor?y ( notice4 ,he calls att5tion to ! fact t conditions are s diff]5t 9 ,am]ica t ,european me?ods ( cultivation & c>e _c be foll[$4 ,la/ly he /ates t he _h plant$ se$s f ! :ite grapes ( ,madeira f :i* he hop$ to raise a v9ey>d4 ,lawson is des]v+ ( e/eem z an en]getic pione]1 an accurate hi/orian1 z "o ( ! fir/ ,am]ican naturali/s1 & z an e>ly v9ey>di/ & horticulturi/1 = he exp]im5t$ ) o!r fruits ?an ! grape4 ,poor ,lawson 0 burn$ to dea? by ! ,indians 9 ! prime ( 8 c>e]1 cutt+ %ort exp]im5ts :i* might h mat]ially ha/5$ ! e/abli%m5t ( viticulture 9 ,am]ica4 ,! be/ acc\nt ( ! grapes ( ,virg9ia giv5 9 ! lat] colonial times is t ( ! hi/orian ,rob]t ,bev]ly :o is v explicit 9 8 description ( ! sorts gr[+ wild 9 t ,/ate4 ,he describes !m z foll[s3#eh ,grapes gr[ !re ,virg9ia 9 an incr$ible pl5ty1 & v>iety2 "s ( :i* are v sweet & pleasant to ! ta/e1 o!rs r\gh & h>%1 & p]haps fitt] = w9e or br&y4 ,i h se5 great trees cov]$ ) s+le v9es1 & ^? v9es almo/ hid ) ! grapes4 ,( ^! wild grapes1 besides ^? l>ge ones 9 ! m\nta9s1 m5tion$ by ,batt 9 8 discov]y1 ,i h obs]v$ f\r v diff]5t k9ds1 viz3 ,"o ( ! sorts gr[s among ! s& banks1 ^u ! edges ( ! l[ gr\nds1 & isl&s next ! bay1 & sea1 & also 9 ! swamps & brea*es ( ! upl&s4 ,!y gr[ ?9 9 small bun*es1 & ^u v l[ v9es4 ,^! are noble grapes2 & ?\gh !y are wild 9 ! woods1 are z l>ge z ! ,dut* gooseb]ry4 ,"o species ( !m is :ite1 o!rs purple1 blue & black1 b all mu* alike 9 flavor2 & "s long1 "s r\nd4 ,a second k9d is produc$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole c\ntry1 9 ! swamps & sides ( hills4 ,^! also gr[ ^u small v9es1 & 9 small bun*es2 b are !mselves ! l>ge/ grapes z big z ! ,engli% bullace1 & ( a rank ta/e :5 ripe1 resembl+ ! smell ( a fox1 f :5ce !y are call$ fox grapes4 ,bo? ^! sorts make admirable t>ts1 be+ ( a fle%ly sub/ance1 & p]haps1 if rightly manag$1 might make good rais9s4 ,!re are two species m1 t are common to ! :ole c\ntry1 "s ( :i* are black1 & "s blue on ! outside1 & "s :ite4 ,!y gr[ ^u va/1 l>ge v9es1 & be> v pl5tifully4 ,! nice obs]v] might1 p]haps1 di/+ui% !m into sev]al k9ds1 because !y diff] 9 color1 size & reli%2 b ,i %all divide !m only into two1 viz3 ! e>ly1 & ! late ripe4 ,! e>ly ripe common grape is mu* l>g]1 sweet]1 & bett] ?an ! o!r4 ,( ^! "s are q black1 & o!rs blue1 & "s :ite or yell[2 "s also rip5 ?ree weeks1 or a mon? be=e ! o!r4 ,! di/ance ( _! rip5+1 is f ! latt] end ( ,augu/1 to ! latt] end ( ,octob]4 ,! late ripe common grapes are less ?an any o!r1 nei!r are !y s pleasant to ! ta/e4 ,!y hang commonly to ! latt] end ( ,novemb]1 or till ,*ri/mas2 all t ,i h se5 ( ^! are black4 ,( ! =m] ( ^! two sorts1 ! ,fr5* refugees at ! ,monacan ,t[n made a sort ( cl>et1 ?\gh !y 7 ga!r$ (f ( ! wild v9es 9 ! woods4 ,i 0 told by a v good judge :o ta/$ x1 t x 0 a pleasant1 /rong1 & full-bodi$ w9e4 ,f :i* we may conclude1 t if ! w9e 0 b tol]ably good1 :5 made ( ! wild grape1 :i* is %ad$ by ! woods f ! sun1 x w\ld be mu* bett]1 if produc$ ( ! same grape cultivat$ 9 a regul> v9ey>d4 ,bev]ly c\ld write ) "s au?ority on grapes = he 0 at t "t mu* int]e/$ 9 ! g5]al "q ( grape-gr[+4 ,besides he 0 ( an inquir+ m9d & seems to h be5 an untir+ exp]im5t] ) ! agricultural plants ( 8 own & o!r l&s4 ,*>les ,campbell 9 8 introduction to ! repr9t ( ,bev]ly's ,virg9ia 9 #ahee1 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( a v9ey>d plant$ by ! hi/orian3 ,john ,fonta9e1 son ( a ,hugu5ot refugee1 hav+ come ov] f ,engl& to ,virg9ia1 visit$ ,rob]t ,bev]ly1 ! au?or ( ?is "w1 9 ! ye> #agae1 at 8 resid5ce1 ne> ! head ( ! ,mattapony4 ,"h he cultivat$ sev]al v>ieties ( ! grape1 native & ,fr5*1 9 a v9ey>d ( ab\t ?ree acres1 situat$ ^u ! side ( a hill1 f :i* he made 9 t ye> f\r hundr$ gallons ( w9e4 ,he w5t to v consid]able exp5se 9 ?is ent]prise1 hav+ con/ruct$ vaults ( a w9e-cell>4 ,b ,fonta9e comp>+ 8 me?od ) t us$ 9 ,spa91 deem$ x errone\s1 & t 8 v9ey>d 0 n rightly manag$4 ,! home-made w9e ,fonta9e drank he>tily (1 & f\nd x good1 b he 0 satisfi$ by ! flavor ( x t ,bev]ly did n und]/& h[ to make x prop]ly4 99 99 99 ,he _h laid a sort ( wag] ) "s ( ! neighbor+ plant]s1 he giv+ !m "o gu9ea 9 h&1 & !y promis+ to pay him ea* t5 gu9eas1 if 9 sev5 ye>s he %\ld cultivate a v9ey>d t w\ld yield at "o v9tage sev5 hundr$ gallons ( w9e4 ,bev]ly !reupon paid !m d[n "o hundr$ p\nds1 & ,fonta9e ent]ta9$ no d\bt b t 9 ! next ye> he w\ld w9 ! ?\s& gu9eas4 ,& ,bev]ly won ! gu9eas4 ,boll+ 9 8 ,sket* ( ,v9e ,culture1 #agfe1 m5tions native grapes only z !y indicate to him ! adaptability ( ! c\ntry = ! ,european sorts4 ,yet he sugge/s1 & 0 probably ! fir/ to d s1 ! possibility ( hybridization betwe5 ,am]ican & ! ,european species4 ,he says3 ,w\ld x n be well = u to attempt ! rais+ ( new v>ieties1 by m>ry+ our native ) =eign v9es8 ,he !n gives a plan :]eby ! v9es may be plant$ z to s int]lock _! bran*es z t !y %all be completely bl5d$ toge!r4 ,he says1 !y w !n fe$ f ! blossoms ( ea* o!r1 & :5 ! fruit is ripe1 & if se$s are sav$ f x & s[n 9 nurs]ies1 99 99 99 x is probable t we %all obta9 o!r v>ieties bett] adapt$ to our climates & bett] = w9e & table1 ?an ei!r ( ^? k9ds f :i* !y sprung4 ,beyond ^! brief m5tions ,boll+ does n discuss native grapes1 ?\gh he tells ( ! orig9 ( ! ,bl& grape1 :i* we n[ "k to be a native1 & wrongly says t x grew f ! se$ ( a ,european rais94 ,antill1 9 8 ,essay on ! ,cultivation ( ! ,v9e1 a treatise discuss$ 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 gives no v>ieties ( native grapes1 ?\gh he says t he _h j ent]$ ^u a trial ( !m4 ,8 brief discussion ( ,am]ican v9es is well wor? quot+ 9 full z %[+ ! /atus ( ! species kn[n to ,antill j previ\s to ! ,revolution>y ,w>3#ei ,! reason = my be+ sil5t ab\t v9es t are natives ( ,am]ica1 is1 t ,i "k b little ( !m1 hav+ b j ent]$ ^u a trial ( !m1 :5 my v ill /ate ( heal? =bade me to proce$3 ,f :at little obs]vation ,i h be5 able to make1 ,i look ^u !m to be mu* m untractable ?an ^? ( ,europe1 !y w und]go a h>d /ruggle inde$1 be=e !y w submit to a l[ & humble /ate1 a /ate ( abject slav]y4 ,!y are v h>dy & w /& a frame1 = !y brave ! sev]e/ /orms & w9t] bla/s1 !y %r9k n at sn[1 ice1 hail or ra92 ! w9e !y w make1 ,i imag9e f ! au/]ity ( _! ta/e1 w be /rong & mascul9e4 ,! ,fox-,grape1 ^: b]ries are l>ge & r\nd1 is divid$ into ?ree sorts1 ! :ite1 ! d>k r$ & ! black2 ! b]ries gr[ b ?9 ^u ! bun*es1 :i* are pla9 )\t %\ld]s4 ,!y delight mo/ 9 a ri* s&y lome1 "h !y gr[ v l>ge & ! b]ries are sweete/1 b !y w gr[ 9 any gr\nds1 wet or dry2 ^? t gr[ on high dry gr\nds g5]ally become :ite1 & ! col\r alt]s to a d>k r$ or black1 accord+ to ! l[ness & wetness ( ! gr\nd2 ! situation ,i ?9k mu/ greatly affect ! ,w9e1 9 /r5g?1 goodness & col\r2 ! b]ries are g5]ally ripe ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]1 & :5 fully ripe !y soon fall away2 ?us mu* ,i h obs]v$ z !y gr[ wild4 ,:at alt]ation !y may und]go1 or h[ mu* !y may be improv$ by prop] soils & due cultivation ,i _c say4 ,!re is a small black ,grape1 a size bigg] ?an ! w9t] ,grape1 t is ripe 9 ,septemb]2 x is pleasant to eat1 & makes a v pretty ,w9e1 :i* ,i h drank (1 x 0 f\r ye>s old1 & seem$ to be ! bett] = its age2 ! col\r 0 amb]1 ow+ to ! want ( kn[+ h[ to extract ! t9cture2 ?is ,grape is seldom to be f\nd2 !re is a ,v9e ( !m ne> ,john ,taylor1 ,esq2 at ,middlet[n1 ,monm\?1 & !re are "s ( !m 9 ,mr4 ,liv+/on's ,v9ey>d at ,piscataqua 9 ,new-,j]sey4 ,i ?9k !y are well wor? propagat+4 ,! fro/ or w9t] ,grape is kn[n to e body1 bo? ! bun*es & b]ries are small1 & yield b little juice1 b ! ri*ness ( ! ,w9e may make up = ! smallness ( ! quantity2 ! ta/e ( ! ,grape is au/]e till pretty h>d fro/s come1 & !n x takes a fav\rable turn & becomes v sweet & agreeable2 ?is ,v9e %oots =? great numb]s ( sl5d] bran*es1 & might d v well = ! s\? & s\!a/ sides ( a summ]-h\se or close walk1 if all ! useless & b>r5 bran*es 7 cut away4 ,! ,v9es ( ,am]ica are fit = /rong high espali]s1 b if ,i mi/ake n1 he mu/ wat* !m n>r[ly1 mu/ take away e unnecess>y & unpr(itable bran*1 & trim !m %>p & close1 t means to keep !m )9 b\nds4 ,pet] ,legaux1 9 8 patriotic address ,to ! ,p ( ! ,am]ican ,/ates1#fj :]e9 he admoni%es !m ! culture ( ! v9e is a national duty1 0 int5t1 z we h se51 on mak+ ! ,old ,_w grape gr[ 9 ,am]ica--ev5 if x 7 necess>y to palm (f an ,am]ican sort z an ,old ,_w k9d4 ,he dismisses ,am]ican grapes ) ev5 less att5tion ?an ,antill gave !m1 8 sole notice ( !m be+ embodi$ 9 ! rem>ks t ) skillful managem5t _m ( !m w\ld make good & :olesome w9es & t if ! native grapes ( ,am]ica are n ! mo/ eligible = v9ey>ds1 o!rs are n[ )9 ! rea* ( its inhabitants4 ,indirectly he 01 h[ev]1 ( great s]vice 9 di/ribut+ ! fir/ native v>ieties1 = z ,raf9esque says1 by call+ our ,bl& & ,alex&] grapes ,madeira & ,cape1 he 0 in/rum5tal 9 diffus+ !m among ^? :o w\ld n h notic$ nor b\ght !m if kn[n z native v9es4 ,foll[+ ,legaux's address ( #ahjj sev]al treatises 7 writt5 )9 a few ye>s :i* give u a v cle> idea ( ! /atus ( ! ,am]ican grapes at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,*ief ( ^!1 & probably 9 *ronological ord]1 is a pap] 9 ,! ,dome/ic ,encyclop$ia on ! v9e1 writt5 by ,james ,mease1 ,m4 ,d4#fa ,x appe>s t ,dr4 ,mease wrote 9 #ahjb b ! ,encyclop$ia did n appe> until #ahjd4fb ,embodi$ 9 ! article is an int]e/+ pap] on ! v9es ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates drawn up by ,william ,b>tram at ! reque/ ( ! editor4 ,b>tram's pap] 0 writt5 9 ! spr+ ( #ahjb4 ,mease's discussion ( ! v9e m]its especial att5tion4 ,:ile ! be/ ( ,antill's & ,legaux's obs]vations are made use (1 yet mu* is add$ to !m & ! pap] is f> m reasonable 9 e respect ?an ^? ( ei!r ( ! two previ\s writ]s1 & is :olly lack+ 9 ! o/5tati\s mode/y & circumlocution ( ,antill & ! gr&iloqu5ce & self e/eem ( ,legaux4 ,x may ju/ly be consid]$ ! fir/ rational discussion ( ! culture ( ! grape 9 ,am]ica4 ,mease's pap] des]ves att5tion = ano!r reason4 ,x conta9s ! fir/ public utt]ance condemn+ ! culture ( ! ,old ,_w grape & recomm5d+ ! cultivation ( native grapes4 ,he says3 ,f ! exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 ( ! editor & 8 fri5ds :o h f\nd mu* difficulty 9 naturaliz+ =eign v9es1 he recomm5ds ! cultivation ( ! native grapes ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 p>ticul>ly ! ,vitis sylve/ris1 ,vitis ae/ivalis or small blue or bun* grape2 ,bl&'s1 ,task]'s or ,alex&]'s1 & ! bull-grape ( ,c>ol9a & ,georgia4 ,x appe>s f ! :ole discussion by ,mease & ,b>tram 9 ?is treatise t ! only v>ieties ( native grapes cultivat$ 9 #ahjd 7 ,alex&]'s or ,task]'s grape1 ,bl&'s grape1 ! ,bull grape#fc ( ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 & ! ,raccoon grape4 ,two ye>s lat]1 #ahjf1 ,s4 ,w4 ,johnson#fd & ,b]n>d ,mc,mahon#fe publi%$ acc\nts ( ! cultivation ( ! v9e4 ,johnson m5tions ?ree ,am]ican v>ieties1 ! ,bull or ,bullet grape1 ,bl&'s grape & ! ,alex&]'s or ,task]'s grape4 ,johnson has no?+ to say ( ! desirability ( cultivat+ ! above or o!r native sorts & conf9es 8 discussion l>gely to ,legaux's "w ) ,european grapes4 ,mc,mahon advocates ! introduction ( =eign grapes & says almo/ no?+ ab\t ! native species4 ,z ,am]ican v>ieties he m5tions ^? giv5 by ,johnson1 omitt+ ! ,bull grape4 ,"o ( ! fir/1 if n ! fir/1 ext5sive c5t]s ( native grape-gr[+ 9 ,am]ica 0 ab\t ,york1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,9 #ahah1 ,mr4 ,?omas ,ei*elb]g]1 an ent]pris+ ,g]man v9e-gr[]1 set out f\r acres ( grapes at ?is place & demon/rat$ t grapes c\ld be gr[n successfully4 ,! orig9al v9ey>d 0 increas$ to ab\t tw5ty acres & o!r plantations 7 made until 9 #ahbf !re 7 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( ! bor\gh ( ,york "o hundr$ & fifty acres ( v9ey>ds4 ,! acc\nt ( ^! v9ey>ds /ates fur!r3#ff ,9 ,adam & ,we/morel& ! culture ( ! v9e is also att5d$ to & "o g5tleman 9 ,*e/] has a v9ey>d ( ?irty acres4 ,! grape mo/ commonly gr[n 9 ?is region 0 kn[n to ! gr[]s z ,black or ,york ,madeira & 0 suppos$ to h be5 introduc$ f ! ,isl& ( ,madeira4 ,pr9ce pron\nc$ ! grape to be a native & ! !n commonly gr[n ,alex&]4 ,o!r popul> sorts 9 ?is region 7 ! ,york ,cl>et1 a native resembl+ ,alex&]2 & ,york ,lisbon1 describ$ z hav+ consid]able aff9ity to ,alex&] b hav+ a l>g] & m acid fruit4 ,beside ^! !re 7 sev]al less well kn[n sorts none ( :i* is he>d ( n[4 ,be=e ! indu/ry began to wane ab\t ,york ! ,catawba & ,isabella _h tak5 ! place ( ! fir/ nam$ sorts & ^! ev5tually succumb$ = mo/ "p to grape diseases4 ,9 look+ up ! hi/ory ( v>ieties ( grapes = ?is "w1 a surpris+ly l>ge numb] h be5 trac$ back to ?is e>ly c5t] ( ! indu/ry1 s _m t ,york & ,lanca/] ,c\nties1 ,p5nsylvania1 mu/ be c\nt$ among ! />t+ places ( ,am]ican viticulture4 ,we h se5 t = "s ye>s previ\s to ,johnson & ,mc,mahon !re _h be5 ef=ts to gr[ ,vitis v9if]a 9 _m widely sep>at$ regions4 ,! futility ( attempt+ to gr[ ! ,old ,_w grape became app>5t1 s f> z we may judge f writt5 acc\nts1 to b few m51 h[ev]4 ,to ,dr4 ,james ,mease mu/ be accord$ ! honor ( fir/ p]ceiv+ & sett+ =? 9 pr9t ! fact t ,am]ican viticulture mu/ rise f native grapes4 ,possibly ! second man to voice ! same s5tim5t 0 ,?omas ,jeff]son1 ev] al]t = ! agricultural welf>e ( ! c\ntry1 :o wrote to ,john ,adlum 9 #ahji1 speak+ ( ! ,alex&] grape3#fg ,i ?9k x w be well to pu% ! culture ( t grape )\t los+ "t & ef=ts 9 se>* ( =eign v9es1 :i* x w take c5turies to adapt to our soil & climate4 ,x is probable t ,jeff]son1 :o x appe>s 0 a frequ5t correspond5t ( ,adlum's1 /imulat$ ! latt] to ! publication ( a book on grape culture4 ,?is appe>$ 9 #ahbc1 = ! purpose1 z ! au?or says 9 8 preface1 ( diffus+ "s practical & useful in=mation ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry on ! be/ me?od ( cultivat+ ! native grape & ( mak+ ,w9e4 ,?us ,adlum's#fh ,cultivation ( ! ,v9e 0 ! fir/ ,am]ican book on ,am]ican grapes4 ,! au?or's int5tions1 z indicat$ 9 8 preface1 quot$ above1 7 good2 b 8 book1 z an exposition on native grape culture1 is a failure4 ,! "w is conc]n$ = mo/ "p ) w9e-mak+ & 8 cultural directions are tak5 almo/ :olly1 su* z !y are1 f ,european books4 ,9 ! la/ f\r pages ( ! treatise he describes tw5ty-two v>ieties ( grapes ( :i* p]haps a doz5 are native sorts4 ,9 ?is edition ! ,catawba is describ$ z ! ,tokay b 9 a second edition1 publi%$ 9 #ahbh1 ! "n is *ang$ f ,tokay to ,catawba4 ,adlum 0 "o ( ! fir/ to call att5tion to ! ,catawba & 0 at ! "t its *ief di/ributor4 ,he advocat$ 9 8 book1 & 9 ! pap]s ( ! "t1 ! e/abli%m5t ( an exp]im5tal f>m#fi ^u :i* c\ld be gr[n cutt+s ( ! diff]5t species ( ! native ,v9e to be f\nd 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to asc]ta9 _! gr[?1 soil1 & produce1 & to exhibit to ! ,nation1 a new s\rce ( weal?1 :i* has be5 too long neglect$4 ,adlum did n write f !ory alone = he 0 ! own] & cultivator ( v9ey>ds ne> ,georget[n1 9 ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 :]e he grew bo? native & =eign grapes4 ,! latt] he f9ally disc>d$ ) ! /atem5t t ! way to success 9 ,am]ica is to drop mo/ k9ds ( =eign v9es at once 7except a few = ! table7 & seek = ! be/ k9ds ( our l>ge/ native ,grapes4 ,! be/ in=mation f ,adlum's p5 reg>d+ native grapes & _! culture is to be f\nd 9 ! ,am]ican ,f>m]1 publi%$ 9 ,baltimore4 ,he wrote ma9ly dur+ ! ye>s #ahbd to #ahcj4 ,he 0 nei!r a cle> nor an accurate writ] & 8 imag9ation & en?usiasm _h full sway at all times2 yet1 not)/&+ ^! faults1 he mu/ be c\nt$ z "o ( ! g5iuses ( 8 day1 z devot$ to ! welf>e ( ! c\ntry1 z hav+ almo/ a prophetic vision1 & z actuat$ by ! be/ ( motives4 ,8 /ruggle = a national exp]im5tal v9ey>d1 ! "w ( 8 p51 8 dissem9ation ( ! ,catawba & o!r grapes1 & 8 v9ey>d exp]im5ts1 give ,adlum a high place among ! improv]s ( ,am]ican grapes4 ,john ,james ,duf\r gives ! next glimpse ( ! beg9n+s ( ,am]ican viticulture 9 8 ,v9e ,dress]'s ,guide publi%$ 9 ,c9c9nati 9 #ahbf4 ,x is b a glimpse1 h[ev]1 = ,duf\r 0 a =eign]1 &1 z we h se51 came to ,am]ica to gr[ ! ,old ,_w grape4 ,8 ef=ts at grape-gr[+ furni%$ ! climax to ! two c5turies ( failures 9 gr[+ ,vitis v9if]a 9 ,am]ica b did n b5efit ! new viticulture ( ! c\ntry greatly4#gj ,8 only contribution ( note 0 "o made 9 spite ( himself1 namely ! introduction ( ! ,alex&]1 :i* he incorrectly call$ ,cape1 an ,am]ican grape1 z a comm]cial v>iety1 ,legaux hav+ fir/ br\ght x prom95tly to notice4 ,duf\r w\ld nev] admit t ?is v>iety1 ! only "o to succe$ 9 8 v9ey>ds 9 ,k5tucky & ,indiana1 0 a native grape & says ( x 9 ! preface ( 8 book3 ,i w also try to save ! "* ( our ,cape grapes f be+ made m]ely wild grapes1 because "s are n[ f\nd 9 ! woods2 &1 to put any "o 9 ! way to di/+ui% wild f tame grapes1 ,i w give ! description ( ! botanical *>act]s ( ! blossom ( bo? sorts4 ,9 8 text he fulfills ! promise 9 ! preface & devotes "s pages to save ! "* ( our ,cape grapes4 ,duf\r's visit ( inspection ( ! v9ey>ds ( ! c\ntry 9 #agii has be5 not$ 9 discuss+ ! ,old ,_w grape4 ,9 ?is trip only =eign grapes int]e/$ him & he m5tion$ ! wild species b to condemn !m = cultivation4 ,9 8 book publi%$ tw5ty-sev5 ye>s lat] he %[s no *ange ( op9ion & ?\gh at ?is "t !re 7 a numb] ( m]itori\s native sorts he describes only ,european v>ieties4 ,duf\r 0 a true =eign] & c\ld f9d little ( value 9 ! ,new ,_w t did n come f ! ,old ,_w4 ,raf9esque1 writ+ 9 #ahcj1 9 8 ,am]ican ,manual ( ! ,grape ,v9es1 gives an acc\nt ( =ty-"o species ( native grapes4 ,un=tunately 8 species are f\nd$ ^u ! slighte/ diff]5ces 9 v9e or fruit & 8 obs]vations 7 s poorly made t 8 botanical /udies ( ! grape are n[ :olly discr$it$ by botani/s4 ,he gives an acc\nt ( ! acreage 9 v9ey>ds exi/+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahbe & #ahcj4 ,?is is ! e>lie/ e/imate ( ! v9ey>d acreage ( ! c\ntry & is !re=e a l&m>k 9 ,am]ican viticulture4 ,x is z foll[s3#ga ,9 #ahbe ,i collect$ an acc\nt ( our pr9cipal v9ey>ds & nurs]ies ( v9es4 ,!y 7 !n only #fj ( #a to #bj acres ea*1 altoge!r #fjj acres4 ,:ile n[1 9 #ahcj1 !y am\nt to #bjj ( #c to #dj acres1 or ne>ly #ejjj acres ( v9ey>ds4 ,?us hav+ increas$ t5fold )9 #e ye>s1 at :i* rate !y promise to become a p]man5t & increas+ cultivation4 ,viticulture took its place 9 ! lit]ature ( ,am]ican pomology ) ! adv5t ( ,william ,rob]t ,pr9ce's ,a ,treatise on ! ,v9e4 ,?is "w1 magnific5t comp>$ ) simil> books ( ! "t1 introduces native grapes to ! fruit-gr[]s ( ,am]ica4 ,pr9ce 0 ! f\r? proprietor ( ! same "n ( ! ,pr9ce nurs]ies at ,flu%+1 ,long ,isl&1 & he ) 8 pr$ecessors _h assidu\sly cultivat$ ,european v>ieties ( grapes hop+ to acclimatize !m to ,am]ican conditions4 ,x is n a matt] ( wond] !re=e1 t mu* ( 8 book is devot$ to =eign grapes4 ,8 collection at ,flu%+ consi/$ ( ov] f\r hundr$ & fifty sorts & _m ( ^! he describes4 ,9 spite ( 8 attraction to ! =eign v>ieties1 "s ( :i* _h be5 te/$ 9 8 nurs]y = two or ?ree g5]ations1 ,pr9ce admitt$ ! impossibility ( gr[+ !m successfully & recomm5ds to 8 read]s & patrons ! cultivation ( native v>ieties4 ,9 ! latt] reg>d he says3 99 99 99 aft] all my own exp]im5ts ,i h come to ?is conclusion1 t to e/abli% v9ey>ds ( ! mo/ pr(itable description1 ) a c]ta9ty ( regul> crops 9 localities nor? ( ! highl&s 9 ?is /ate1 native v>ieties alone %\ld be select$2 & ! :ole ( ! ea/]n /ates w ( c\rse be compris$ 9 ?is rem>k4 ,9 8 treatise1 ,pr9ce describ$ ab\t sev5ty v>ieties ( native grapes & sev]al ( ! native species4 ,pr9ce's descriptions ( ^! grapes are compreh5sive & judg+ f ! sorts describ$ by him :i* we n[ h !y are accurate4 ,he grew se$l+s f _m ( !m4 ,he %[$ a k ( ! possibilities ( hybridization ( ,am]ican species ) ,vitis v9if]a4 ,he solicit$ & obta9$ se$s & v9es f all ! settl$ portions ( ! ,union4 ,8 grape correspond5ts 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,am]ica & ( ! _w mu/ h numb]$ hundr$s4 ,pr9ce's en?usiasm & p]sev]ance 9 grape culture atta*$ to him vot>ies 9 all fruit regions & to him m ?an to any o!r man 0 due t fri5dly int]*ange ( k & s5tim5t reg>d+ grapes :i* *>act]iz$ ! half c5tury aft] ! appe>ance ( 8 book4 ,su* co-op]ation z 0 manife/$ 9 grape-gr[+ 9 ! second & ?ird qu>t]s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury has nev] be5 kn[n 9 ! culture ( any o!r species ( plant 9 ?is c\ntry & to x is l>gely due ! progress ( viticulture 9 leaps & b\nds dat+ f ,pr9ce's "t4 ,) ! close ( ! ye> #ahcj1 we may consid] viticulture a firmly e/abli%$ indu/ry 9 ,am]ica ) ! native grapes z a basis4 ,raf9esque's e/imate ( ! acreage at ?is "t is giv5 on a prec$+ page 7#dg74 ,x is wor? :ile consid]+1 v briefly1 ! types ( grapes "u cultivation at ?is /age ( ! indu/ry1 ) "s discussion ( ! orig9 ( ! lead+ v>ieties4 ,! fir/ grape to become g5]ally di/ribut$ z a comm]cial v>iety1 01 z has be5 rem>k$ be=e1 ! ,alex&]1 or ,cape4 ,x came into prom95ce1 ?r\gh ! deception ( ,legaux & ! cr$ulity ( ,duf\r1 z "o ( ! ,v9if]as commonly gr[n at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,x prov$1 h[ev]1 to be an (f%oot ( ! fox grape ( ! woods1 ,vitis labrusca1 & _h be5 gr[n1 long be=e ,legaux palm$ x (f z ! ,cape1 "u ! names ,alex&] & ,task]'s1 ,alex&] because ( its hav+ be5 gr[n by a g>d5] ( ?is "n & ,task]'s ?r\gh its cultivation on a some:at ext5sive scale by a ,mr4 ,task] 9 ,m>yl&4 ,its hi/ory dates back to ! ye>s be=e ! ,revolution>y ,w> & its orig9 0 probably on ! banks ( ! ,s*uylkill 9 ,p5nsylvania1 h5ce ano!r ( its _m synonyms1 ,s*uylkill ,muscadell4 ,( ! sev]al o!r native v>ieties ( ! ,labrusca type cultivat$ 9 #ahcj1 two des]ve att5tion = _! intr9sic & hi/orical value4 ,! ,catawba1 ( unc]ta9 orig91 z we %all see 9 its hi/ory1 & ! ,isabella1 a native ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 are bo? class$ by mo/ viticulturi/s z ( ! fox or ,labrusca type4 ,! two v>ieties 7 di/ribut$ among v9e-gr[]s at ab\t ! same "t b ! ,catawba1 because ( its sup]ior m]its1 soon took ! lead & at ! "t ( :i* we write 0 by f> ! mo/ popul> native grape4 ,^!1 ) ! ,alex&]1 may c]ta9ly be consid]$ ! =]unn]s ( ! cultivat$ grapes ( ! species to :i* !y belong4 ,! ,catawba is /ill 9 sev]al great grape regions ( ! c\ntry ! /&>d comm]cial v>iety4 ,:ile v>ieties ( ,vitis labrusca 7 fir/ cultivat$ 9 ! ,nor?1 x is probable t ,vitis rotundifolia furni%$ ! fir/ dome/icat$ v>ieties = ! ,s\?1 & likely1 too1 be=e ! nor!rn k9ds 7 cultivat$4 ,among ^! are ! :ite & black ,scupp]nongs1 or bullet grapes4 ,vitis rotundifolia1 :ile x refuses to gr[ out ( its habitat1 runs riot f ,m>yl& to ,florida f sea%ore to m\nta9s & 9 _m div]se soils4 ,! ,scupp]nongs#gb are natural (f%oots ( ?is species & are kn[n 9 ! ,s\? 9 leg5d1 tradition & hi/ory4 ,und\bt$ly !y 7 cultivat$ = _! fruit or z ornam5tals 9 g>d5 or v9ey>ds f ! e>lie/ colonial times4 ,x is c]ta9 t w9e 0 made f ! diff]5t wild types ( ,vitis rotundifolia f ! settlem5t ( ,jame/[n & if n br\ght "u cultivation at an e>ly day x 0 because ! b\ntifulness ( ! wild v9es obviat$ ! necessity ( dome/icat+ !m4 ,x 0 ( ?is grape t ,amadas & ,b>l[e wrote 9 #aehd 9 all ! _w ! l abundance is n to be f\nd4 ,! ^w ,scupp]nong#gc is (t5 us$ to designate a gr\p ( grapes r ?an z a v>ietal "n2 =1 !re are ! black ,scupp]nong1 ! :ite or gre5 ,scupp]nong & ! r$ ,scupp]nong1 all mu* alike except 9 color ( fruit & 9 a few m9or *>act]s ( v9e4 ,inde$1 :]e ,vitis rotundifolia gr[s wild1 all ( ! =ms are (t5 includ$ 9 ! t]m ,scupp]nong4 ,! species is (t5 kn[n1 too1 z ! ,muscad9e or ,s\!rn ,muscad9e4 ,:ile ! ,labruscas 7 becom+ e/abli%$ 9 ! ,nor? & ! ,scupp]nongs 9 ! ,s\?1 two o!r species1 "o nor!rn & "o s\!rn1 came into prom95ce ) v>ieties :i* = w9e-mak+ at lea/ 7 f> sup]ior to any o!r native sorts4 ,! s\!rn species is ,vitis ae/ivalis1 be/ repres5t$ !n & n[ by ,norton :ile ! nor!rn species is ,vitis rip>ia & its v>iety "u cultivation 0 ! ,cl9ton1 :i* /ill rema9s "o ( ! be/ repres5tatives ( ! species4#gd ,x is /range t ^! f\r species 7 br\ght "u cultivation only :5 wild =ms ( !m1 s /rik+ 9 value t !y /ill rema9 a hundr$ ye>s lat] /&>d cultivat$ v>ieties1 _h be5 f\nd4 ,vitis labrusca repres5t$ by ,catawba1 ,vitis rotundifolia1 by ,scupp]nong1 ,vitis ae/ivalis1 by ,norton1 & ,vitis rip>ia1 by ,cl9ton1 are1 aft] a c5tury ( improvem5t1 ) sev]al hundr$ v>ieties1 sc>cely excell$ by o!rs ( _! species4 ,yet x is n s mu* ! wond] t grape-bre$]s h s little improv$ ^u ^! fir/ v>ieties1 z t our =efa!rs c\ld all[ !m to gr[ comp>atively neglect$ at _! doors = two c5turies :ile !y wa/$ "t 9 ! attempt to gr[ a =eign grape t _h be5 a failure f ! v />t4 ,o!r species _h also be5 tri$ at ?is "t4 ,^? indefatigable botani/s & horticulturi/s1 ! ,pr9ces1 _h gr[n plants ( :at we n[ "k z ,vitis ae/ivalis l9cecumii ,munson1 ,vitis longii ,pr9ce1 & ,vitis cordifolia ,mi*x41 b )\t f9d+ !m ( value4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ! fir/ nam$ species1 ! ,po/-oak grape1 n[ promises to furni% valuable v>ieties = ! ,s\? & t x has "s *>act]s desirable = ! ,nor? if !y c be comb9$ ) ^? ( our nor!rn species4 ,we h foll[$ ! grape ?r\gh ! settlem5t1 colonization & fir/ /atehood days ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,we h se5 t x _h its "p1 & no mean "o1 9 ^! dramatic p]iods4 ,we h f\nd t ! wild grapes ( ! c\ntry1 valu$ b uncultivat$ = two hundr$ ye>s1 became ?r\gh m]e transplant+ f ! woods into ! v9ey>ds1 )\t ! sl[ modifications :i* ne>ly all o!r plants h _h to und]go1 "o ( our mo/ important fruits4 ,! dome/ication ( f\r species ( ,am]ican grapes has be5 briefly trac$4 ,! beg9n+ ( ,am]ican viticulture has be5 set1 some:at arbitr>ily1 at #ahcj1 ! date ( ! publication ( ,william ,pr9ce's ,treatise on ! ,v9e4 ,x rema9s n[ to discuss ! economic progress ( ! indu/ry we h se5 laun*$4 ,! tw5ty ye>s foll[+ #ahcj comprise a p]iod ( expansion 9 grape-gr[+ unm>k$ by ! introduction ( new types or ( any new v>ieties ( p>ticul> note4 ,dur+ ?is "t a grape & w9e indu/ry ( consid]able magnitude 0 develop$ ab\t ,c9c9nati1 & ! ,ohio ,riv] became kn[n z ! ,rh9e ( ,am]ica--a title long s9ce lo/ & n[ appli$ to ! ,keuka ,lake region 9 ,new ,york4 ,accord+ to ,bu*anan1#ge !re 7 #aeej acres ( grapes 9 ! ,ohio ,valley )9 tw5ty miles ( ,c9c9nati2 betwe5 =ty & fifty acres ne> ,h]mann1 ,miss\ri2 a few v9ey>ds at ,belleville1 ,ill9ois2 & w9e 0 be+ made f ! ,scupp]nong grape 9 ,nor? & ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,! inf]5ce f ,bu*anan is t ! above plantations 7 = ! production ( w9e2 = he specifies t a few v9ey>ds 7 9 cultivation ab\t ,new ,york1 ,philadelphia & ,burl+ton1 ,new ,j]sey1 b m ) a view to supply ! m>ket ) grapes1 ?an to make w9e4 ,! la/ /atem5t is significant = x indicates a *ange 9 ! grape indu/ry :i* really gave life to ! viticulture ( ea/]n ,am]ica4 ,until ab\t #ahej1 grapes 7 consid]$ valuable & 7 cultivat$ only = w9e-mak+4 ,previ\s to ?is "t ! lit]ature on ! grape 0 conc]n$ m ) w9e-mak+ ?an ) cultivation1 v>ieties or any o!r phase ( ! indu/ry4 ,! ,am]ican grapes1 ) few exceptions1 d n make good w9es2 !re 7 few m5 9 ! c\ntry until )9 rec5t ye>s :o und]/ood w9e-mak+2 & ! ,am]ican p d n take k9dly to w9es4 ,x 0 n1 !re=e1 possible to e/abli% viticulture z an indu/ry ( any magnitude 9 ea/]n ,am]ica :5 grapes 7 us$ = w9e alone4 ,x 0 only :5 ! dem& = table grapes 0 creat$ & :5 transportation & m>ket facilities p]mitt$ ! supply ( ! dem& t ! indu/ry took =m & sub/ance4 ,x is a significant fact t 9 ^? regions 9 ! ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates 9 :i* grape-gr[+ has be5 f\nd$ & :i* are *iefly dep5d5t on w9e-mak+1 ! indu/ry has n prosp]$ or has fl\ri%$ b tempor>ily4 ,we h _h ,raf9esque's survey ( ! grape indu/ry ( ! c\ntry 9 #ahcj & ,bu*anan's 9 #ahej4 ,! next record1 & a f> m complete "o ?an ei!r ( ! above1 is f\nd 9 a consul> report made by ,e4 ,m4 ,ersk9e1 ,secret>y ( ! ,briti% ,legation at ,wa%+ton1 to ! ,briti% gov]nm5t 9 #ahei4 ,mr4 ,ersk9e report$ ! acreage z foll[s3#gf ,! banks ( ! ,riv] ,ohio are /udd$ ) v9ey>ds1 betwe5 #a1ejj & #b1jjj acres be+ plant$ 9 ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ,c9c9nati1 ) e prospect ( a va/ increase4 ,at ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 on ! s\!rn %ore ( ,lake ,erie1 !re are #ajj acres "u v9e culture2 at ,h]mann1 on ! ,miss\ri1 #hj miles we/ ( ,/4 ,l\is1 #aej or #bjj acres are cultivat$ almo/ entirely by ,g]mans2 at ,booneville1 high] up ! same riv]2 at ,belleville1 on ! 'roll+ prairies' ( ,ill9ois2 at ,read+1 9 ,p5nsylvania2 9 ,k5tucky1 ,indiana1 ,t5nessee1 ,arkansas1 & g5]ally1 9 at lea/ tw5ty-two out ( ! ?irty-two ,/ates n[ con/itut+ ! ,union1 v9ey>ds ( m or less promise & ext5t h be5 plant$4 99 99 99 ,ab\t #c1jjj acres are cultivat$ z v9ey>ds 9 ! /ate ( ,ohio2 #ejj 9 ,k5tucky2 #a1jjj 9 ,indiana2 #ejj 9 ,miss\ri2 #ejj 9 ,ill9ois2 #ajj 9 ,georgia2 #cjj 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a2 #bjj 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ) e prospect ( a rapid increase 9 all4 ,x is calculat$ t at lea/ #b1jjj1jjj gallons ( w9e are n[ rais$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! av]age value ( :i* may be tak5 at a doll> & a half ! gallon4 ,grape-gr[+ 9 ,new ,york 0 n consid]$ wor?y ( m5tion by ,ersk9e2 & ,bu*anan n9e ye>s be=e report$ only a few v9ey>ds ab\t ,new ,york ,city4 ,9 ! regions ( ?is ,/ate n[ almo/ :olly devot$ to grape-gr[+ a />t _h h>dly be5 made 9 #ahej4 ,yet !re 7 "s comm]cial v9ey>ds at ?is "t4 ,deacon ,elijah ,fay1 ! pione] grape-gr[] 9 :at is n[ ! great ,*autauqua region1 plant$ ! fir/ v9es 9 t di/rict 9 #ahah & ?\gh grape-gr[+ did n become ( importance until ?ree or f\r decades lat] yet ?is plant+ 0 ! f\ndation ^u :i* ,deacon ,fay built until1 l>gely ?r\gh 8 ef=ts & example & ^? ( 8 *ildr51 grapes 7 gr[n ev]y:]e ab\t 8 home4 ,x is d\btful1 h[ev]1 if !re 7 a hundr$ acres ( comm]cial v9ey>ds 9 ?is region :5 ,ersk9e made 8 report 9 #ahei4 ,! fir/ plant+s made ab\t ,keuka ,lake1 n[ call$ ! ,rh9e ( ,am]ica1 7 made by ! ,rev4 ,william ,bo/wick at ,hammondsport ab\t #ahcj4 ,he grew ! ,catawba & ,isabella 9 a small way 9 8 g>d5 & = ye>s 0 ! only grape-gr[] 9 ?is "p ( ,new ,york4 ,! comm]cial indu/ry 9 ?is region 0 n />t$ until #ahec :5 ,&rew ,reis+]1 a ,g]man v9tn]1 plant$ two acres ( ,isabellas & ,catawbas at ,h>monyville 9 ! t[n ( ,pult5ey4 ,f ?is />t viticulture 9 ! ,keuka region grew apace & !re mu/ h be5 f\r or five hundr$ acres ( grapes plant$ :5 ,ersk9e's report 0 made 9 #ahei4 ,! fact t ! region 0 n m5tion$ 9 ?is report may be acc\nt$ = by assum+ t ,ersk9e's figures came f m5 engag$ 9 mak+ w9e & at ?is "t w9e 0 n made 9 l>ge quantities 9 ! ,keuka di/rict4 ,!re _h be5 exp]im5tal v9ey>ds ab\t ,new ,york ,city & along ! ,hudson = a c5tury be=e ! "t ( :i* we are writ+1 b ^!1 z we h se51 be+ l>gely ( =eign grapes1 came to naught4 ,probably native grapes 7 fir/ plant$ !re 9 a comm]cial way by ! ,fr5* ,hugu5ots :o settl$ 9 ,ul/] & ,orange ,c\nties4 ,at any rate !re is record ( a v9ey>d plant$ by a ,fr5*man1 ,john ,jacques1 ne> ,wa%+tonville 9 #ahcg4 ,! v>ieties 7 ,isabella & ,catawba & !re 71 all told1 ab\t half an acre4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ?is v9ey>d is /ill produc+ grapes & t "s ( ! v9es are z vigor\s z 9 _! fir/ maturity4 ,w9e-mak+ z an indu/ry has exi/$ 9 ?is region s9ce ! v9ey>d ( #ahcg came into be>+ b x 0 n until sev]al ye>s lat] t table grapes 7 gr[n = ! m>ket4 ,9 #ahei !re mu/ h be5 two or ?ree hundr$ acres ( grapes 9 comm]cial v9ey>ds 9 ! c\ntry adjac5t to ! ,hudson4 ,add+ five hundr$ acres f ,new ,york to ! #fejj report$ = ! ,unit$ ,/ates by ,ersk9e 9 #ahei we h #gjjj acres = ! :ole c\ntry--a small e/imate1 = sev]al o!r /ates kn[n to h consid]able acreages ( comm]cial v9ey>ds 7 n tak5 into acc\nt 9 ,ersk9e's survey4 ,be=e pass+ to a fur!r consid]ation ( grape /ati/ics we mu/ note two important ev5ts = ,am]ican viticulture :i* took place j previ\s to ! survey :i* we h be5 discuss+4 ,"o ( ^! br\ght ab\t a revolution1--almo/ br\ght into exi/5ce comm]cial grape-gr[+2 ! o!r /imulat$ & laid ! f\ndation ( grape-bre$+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! fir/ 0 ! introduction ( ! ,concord grape2 ! second 0 ! production ( hybrids betwe5 ! ,european & ! native grapes4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,concord w be f\nd 9 ! discussion ( t v>iety 9 ! *apt] on ,v>ieties ( ,am]ican ,grapes4 ,its adv5t is not$ "h t x may be set z a l&m>k 9 ! developm5t ( ,am]ican grape-culture4 ,x is fir/ record$ 9 #aheb by ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society z a se$l+ exhibit$ by ,e4 ,w4 ,bull4 ,! qualities t h made ! ,concord s important 9 comm]cial grape-gr[+ are3 ,adaptability to v>y+ sets ( cultural conditions2 fair %ipp+ qualities2 h>d9ess1 productiv5ess & comp>ative immunity to fungi & insects4 ,its influ5ce on ! grape-gr[+ ( ! c\ntry has be5 great1 too1 because f x h come a consid]able numb] ( ! mo/ valuable v>ieties ( ,am]ican grapes2 z ,word51 ,moore ,e>ly1 ,pockl+ton1 ,m>?a & ,cottage1 all pure-br$ se$l+s & _m cross-br$s4 ,at a meet+ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 ,philadelphia 9 #aheb1 ,dr4 ,william ,w4 ,valk ( ,flu%+1 ,long ,isl&1 exhibit$ sev]al bun*es ( fruit f a se$l+ grape :i* he _h gr[n f se$s ( ,black ,hamburg produc$ f blossoms f]tiliz$ by ,isabella4#gg ,! cross _h be5 made 9 #ahde1 ! fir/ fruit 0 borne 9 #ahej1 & 9 #ahea specim5s ( x 7 exam9$ by ,d[n+ :o wrote1 ,!re c be no d\bt t ?is is ! fir/ g5u9e cross betwe5 ! =eign grapes & our natives4#gh ,! "n ( ! v>iety1 giv5 by ! orig9ator1 is ,ada4 ,dr4 ,valk gave full acc\nts ( 8 hybrid se$l+s 9 ! ,horticulturi/ 9 #ahea1gi & 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #aheb4hj ,he _h previ\sly writt5 on ! subject ( hybridization1 an int]e/+ pap] hav+ be5 contribut$ to ,hovey's ,magaz9e z e>ly z #ahde4ha ,all available in=mation %[s t ,valk's is ! fir/ record$ hybrid betwe5 a native & ! =eign grape4 ,yet ! honor ( su* a production has usually be5 giv5 to ,john ,fisk ,all5 & to ! grape1 ,all5's ,hybrid4 ,= ! conception ( hybridity betwe5 species we c g back to ! beg9n+ ( ! cultivation ( native grapes4 ,ne>ly ?irty ye>s be=e1 ,nuttall1 ! !n fam\s botani/ ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity1 _h recomm5d$ su* hybridization to ,am]ican grape-gr[]s4#hb ,duf\r m5tions its possibilities 9 8 ,v9e ,dress]'s ,guide4#hc ,9 #ahcj1 ,pr9ce discuss$ ! :ole matt] & gave specific directions = hybridiz+4#hd ,inde$ x is n unlikely t ,pr9ce1 :o says he grew t5 ?\s& se$l+ plants f an admixture "u e v>iety ( circum/ance grew ! fir/ su* hybrid b we h no?+ m def9ite z to ?is ?an ! above /atem5t4 ,9 #ahed1 two ye>s foll[+ its report ( ,e4 ,w4 ,bull's new se$l+1 ! ,concord1 ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society %[$ 9 its exhibits ano!r grape sc>cely less wor?y ( note ?an ! ,concord4 ,x 0 a hybrid betwe5 ! ,gold5 ,*asselas & ! ,isabella produc$ by ,john ,fisk ,all5 ( ,salem1 ,massa*usetts4 ,! new v>iety1 ! ,all5's ,hybrid1 m5tion$ 9 a prec$+ p>agraph1 _h "s intr9sic value b1 ( m importance1 0 ! fir/ introduction ( its k9d & />t$ simil> "w :i* gave u _m int]e/+ & "s valuable grapes4 ,soon aft] ! production ( ,all5's ,hybrid1 ,e4 ,s4 ,rog]s ( ,salem1 ,massa*usetts1 & ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts ( ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 began to give grape-gr[]s v>ieties1 ! results ( hybrids betwe5 ,vitis v9if]a & ,vitis labrusca1 s promis+ t = a "t en?usiasm & speculation ran riot4 ,possibly at no o!r p]iod has ! int]e/ 9 grape-gr[+ be5 s ke5 z dur+ ! decade succe$+ ! introduction ( ^! hybrids4 ,x 0 ! gold5 era = ! grape propagators4 ,"o old nurs]yman tells ( c>ry+1 dur+ ?is boom1 ov] a ?\s& doll>s wor? ( root$ grape cutt+s on 8 back f ! nurs]y to ! express (fice4 ,?\gh !re 0 no panic among grape-gr[]s z ! result ( speculation 9 hybrids1 lov]s ( grapes ! c\ntry ov] 7 greatly disappo9t$ 9 ! hybrid v>ieties4 ,! fruit ( _m ( ! hybrids produc$ at ?is "t is ( sup]ior quality & _m ( !m are /ill gr[n by amateurs4 ,b ! v9es ( all fir/ g5]ation hybrids ) ,v9if]a produc$ s f>1 lack h>d9ess1 vigor & usually productiv5ess2 !y are susceptible to fungi & ! phyllox]a & _m ( !m mu/ be cross-poll9at$ to secure fruit4 ,x is only :5 ! blood ( ! native species greatly pr$om9ates1 z 9 ,delaw>e1 ,brighton & ,diamond1 t we h obta9$ sorts ( comm]cial value ?r\gh ! admixture ( =eign blood4 ,b ! int]e/ ar\s$ by ,all5's ,hybrid /ill cont9ues & 9 e "p ( ! c\ntry may be f\nd "s man :o hybridizes grapes ) ! hope t ?r\gh well plann$ crosses or a lucky *ance he may obta9 ! grape ( grapes = ,am]ica4 ,su* attempts1 /imulat$ by ! hybrids ( ! fifties1 h produc$ mo/ ( our ,am]ican v>ieties4 ,! "t betwe5 #ahec1 ! date ( ! introduction ( ! ,concord1 & #ahhj c be s+l$ out z ! p]iod 9 :i* viticulture made its great gr[? 9 ea/]n ,am]ica4 ,! fir/ limit is set because ! ,concord gave comm]cial grape-gr[+ its initial impulse2 ! second limit is put at #ahhj1 because at ab\t t "t grapes & w9e f ,cali=nia began to compete ) ! ea/]n product to su* an ext5t t prices fell & plant+s 7 curtail$4 ,curtailm5t did n beg9 s e>ly z ?is 9 ,new ,york b = ! c\ntry at l>ge ! p]iod ( great expansion end$ at ab\t #ahhj4 ,=tunately we h an accurate /ati/ical report ( ! condition ( grape culture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates at ?is "t4 ,x is f\nd 9 a "w entitl$1 ,a ,report ,^u ! ,/ati/ics ( ,grape ,culture & ,w9e ,production 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = #ahhj4he ,! report 0 compil$ by ,dr4 ,william ,mc,murtrie "u ! direction ( ! ,commission] ( ,agriculture4 ,/ati/ics are giv5 = all ( ! /ates ( ! ,union b a glance at ! tables %[s t by ?is "t viticulture _h become a specializ$ indu/ry & t ! areas devot$ to x are m or less localiz$4 ,! ma9 areas1 ) _! acreage = #ahhj1 may be set =? z foll[s3 ,! ,ea/]n region1 compris+ ! ,/ates ( ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania1 #ad1eij acres4 ,! ,middle region1 ,ohio1 ,indiana & ,ill9ois1 #ag1fcd acres4 ,! ,we/]n region1 ,kansas & ,miss\ri1 #aj1iah acres4 ,! ,s\!rn region1 ,k5tucky1 ,t5nessee1 ,virg9ia1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & ,georgia1 #aj1gjg acres4 ,! ,pacific region1 ,cali=nia1 ,arizona & ,new ,mexico1 #ce1eah acres4 ,outside ( ^! five regions !re 7 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 accord+ to ,mc,murtrie's report1 #ab1caf acres4 ,! total acreage = ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahhj 0 #aja1fhc acres2 ! production ( w9e 0 #bc1dec1hbg gallons4 ,un=tunately ! total production ( grapes is n giv54 ,! foll[+ data are tak5 f ! agricultural /ati/ics ( #ahij & %[ well ! gr[? ( viticulture 9 t5 ye>s ?\gh x is probable t ! figures = #ahhj 7 f> too l[4 ,= ! ,ea/]n region1 #ea1jjj acres2 ! ,middle region1 #db1fcc acres2 ,we/]n region1 #ag1cjf acres2 ,s\!rn region1 #ag1jib acres2 ,pacific region1 #bac1bcj acres2 = ! t]ritory outside ( ^! divisions1 #fj1jjj acres4 ,total area1 #dja1bfa acres4 ,exclud+ ! acreage ( ! ,pacific division we h #ahh1jca acres = ,am]ican grapes1 assum+ t all ( ! grapes gr[n on ! ,pacific ,coa/ belong to ,vitis v9if]a4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t 9 #ahij f\r-fif?s ( ! grapes gr[n 9 ! ,ea/]n region1 ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania1 7 = table use & t 9 r\nd numb]s ! production = ?is purpose am\nt$ to #fj1fhg tons1 requir+ #ejjj c>s = transportation4 ,( grapes sold to w9]ies !re 7 #ae1agb tons4 ,! v>ieties mo/ l>gely gr[n 71 9 ord] nam$1 ,concord1 ,catawba1 ,delaw>e1 & ,niag>a4 ,9 ! ,middle region1 ,ohio1 ,indiana & ,ill9ois1 ab\t half ! grapes gr[n 7 = table use & half = w9e4 ,by f> ! l>ge/ "p ( ! grapes gr[n 9 ?is region 0 9 ,ohio1 only ab\t "o-f\r? ( ! total area be+ 9 ! o!r two /ates4 ,betwe5 #ahhj & #ahij1 viticulture sc>cely held its own 9 ?is division4 ,! decrease 9 ! value ( ! product1 competition ) ,cali=nia1 &1 m p>ticul>ly1 ravages ( insects & fungi 7 ! causes ( ! fall+ (f 9 plant+4 ,9 "s localities _m v9ey>ds 7 de/roy$4 ,! grapes sold = table use 9 ?is region am\nt$ to #ej1ccg tons2 to w9]ies1 #ad1def tons4 ,s1 too1 9 ! ,we/]n region1 ,miss\ri & ,kansas1 b little progress 0 made dur+ ?is t5 ye>s & = ! same reasons1 ?\gh ! deva/ation 9 ,miss\ri 0 caus$ *iefly by black-rot1 :i* begun to be tr\blesome ab\t #ahge4 ,! plant+s 9 ,miss\ri 7 l>gely = w9e-mak+ b 9 ,kansas1 :i* conta9$ #eedb ( ! #ag1cjf acres = ?is region1 ab\t half ( ! crop 0 sold = table use4 ,! grapes = table use 9 ?is region am\nt$ to #cj1gid tons1 = w9]ies1 #hbij tons4 ,! crop 9 ! ,s\!rn region 0 ab\t equally divid$ betwe5 w9e & table grapes1 ! production 9 #ahhi am\nt+ to #a1afe1hcb gallons ( w9e & #ad1eci tons ( table grapes4 ,! new plant+s ab\t equall$ ! acreage de/roy$ s t 9 total area ! region 0 ab\t hold+ its own4 ,! *ief m>ket = ! table grapes 0 9 ! ,nor? :]e !y 7 sold e>ly 9 ! season at prices rang+ f fifte5 to tw5ty-five c5ts a p\nd4 ,we are conc]n$ ) ! ,pacific region 9 t its grape products1 especially its w9es1 compete ) ^? ( ea/]n ,am]ica4 ,! gr[? ( viticulture 9 ! ,pacific region 9 ! decade we are discuss+ 0 little %ort ( m>vel\s4 ,9 #ahhj ! acreage 0 #ce1eah acres & 9 #ahij1 #bac1bcj acres--mu* great] ?an t ( all ! ea/]n regions1 & ! production ( grapes be+ m ?an proportionately great] because ( ! great] productiv5ess ( ! v9es4 ,9 ?is region #dc1dad tons 7 sold = table grapes2 #agc1jcg tons = w9e2 #da1aff tons 7 made into rais9s & #bc1beb tons us$ = dri$ grapes & o!r purposes ?an table grapes4 ,! gr& total = ! region 0 #bhj1hfi tons aga9/ #bja1bgj = all ( ea/]n ,am]ica4 ,^! figures give an idea ( h[ =midable a competitor to ea/]n ,am]ica ,cali=nia _h become by #ahij4 ,! c5sus ( #aijj %[s b little increase 9 ! total production ( ,am]ican grapes4 ,a few figures w %[ ! relative /atus ( viticulture 9 ! sev]al regions 9 #ahij & #aijj4 #ahij #aijj ,tons ( ,tons ( grapes gr[n grapes gr[n ,ea/]n region #ge1hei #adg1daa ,middle region #fd1gic #eh1iag ,we/]n region #ci1jhd #ad1ghd ,s\!rn region #ba1ecd #af1hhf ,cali=nia region #bhj1hfi #cfb1cbc ,all ( ! regions we h be5 discuss+1 9 :i* native grapes are gr[n1 %[ a consid]able fall+ (f 9 production except+ ! ea/]n "o :]e ! increase m ?an c\nt]balances ! decrease 9 ! o!r regions4 ,! c5sus report = #aijj %[s ?ree new /ates 9 ! li/ ( ^? produc+ grapes 9 comm]cial quantities4 ,9 ! decade prec$+1 ,mi*igan came up f an insignificant comm]cial production 9 #ahij to fif? rank 9 #aijj ) #bj1gfe tons4 ,i[a & ,oklahoma1 /ates f :i* grapes 7 n report$ 9 comm]cial quantities 9 #ahij1 produc$ #cgja & #cjee tons 9 #aijj4 ,! %ift+ ( grape areas indicat$ 9 ! above p>agraph 0 caus$ = mo/ "p by ! grape diseases4 ,! mildew & rot _h ru9$ ! grape indu/ry 9 "s ( ! old] regions4 ,! new] regions1 z 9 ,mi*igan1 ei!r enjoy comp>ative immunity f ^! tr\bles or ! v9ey>ds _h n yet be5 attack$ by !m4 ,9 ! case ( ! ea/]n region1 ,new ,york & ,p5nsylvania1 9 ! ,*autauqua di/rict1 along ! %ores ( ,lake ,erie 9 bo? /ates1 :]e ! production increas$ greatly dur+ ?is decade1 ! v9ey>ds are almo/ :olly immune to black-rot & are comp>atively free f ! mildew4 ,9 ! o!r grape di/ricts ( ?is region ^! tr\bles are kept well 9 *eck by spray+4 ,! /ati/ics giv5 9 ! la/ few p>agraphs %[ h[ greatly ! grape-gr[+ ( ea/]n ,am]ica has increas$ 9 ! la/ half c5tury4 ,:5 "o consid]s t at ! "t ,ersk9e made 8 survey 9 #ahei !re 7 b #fajj acres ( grapes 9 ! :ole ( ?is great region & t ! culture ( ! ,european v>ieties 0 impossible1 ! total acreage gr[n 9 #aijj1 namely1 #bcg1iih acres1 makes an a/\nd+ figure4 ,! results a*iev$ seem all ! great] :5 "o consid]s t _m ( ! be/ v>ieties n[ gr[n are ! fir/ & sc>cely any are fur!r remov$ ?an ! second g5]ation f wild plants4 ,x is d\btful if any o!r cultivat$ plants h atta9$ su* importance z our native grapes 9 s %ort a "t f ! wild /ate4 ,yet _! dome/ication has sc>cely begun & few :o gr[ !m realize _! possibilities4 ,,! ,,w9e#hf ,,& ,,grape ,,juice ,,indu/ries4 ,= ov] #bjj ye>s ! grapes gr[n on ?is cont95t 7 almo/ :olly = w9e-mak+4 ,yet ! production ( grapes 0 n suffici5t to su/a9 a w9e indu/ry until ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,:51 ) ! introduction ( new v>ieties ( grapes & ( bett] me?ods ( gr[+ !m1 ! crop became suffici5t 9 volume to support w9e-mak+ z an indu/ry1 its progress 0 *eck$ by ! enorm\s dem& = table grapes1 a dem& n kn[n 9 o!r c\ntries1 & by ! *eapness ( ,cali=nia w9es4 ,fur!rmore ! grapes mo/ commonly cultivat$1 z ! ,concord1 ,word5 & ,niag>a1 d n make good w9es2 & k & facilities = w9e-mak+ h n be5 su* t ! be/ w9es c\ld be made ) v>ieties adapt$ = ! purpose4 ,all ( ^! ob/acles1 to :i* we may add ! fact t ,am]icans are n a w9e-dr9k+ p1 h prev5t$ ! build+ up ( a w9e indu/ry z x exi/s 9 o!r grape-gr[+ c\ntries4 ,al?\gh ! ,unit$ ,/ates /&s second or ?ird 9 ! li/ ( grape-produc+ c\ntries x took l[e/ rank 9 w9e production 9 #aijj1 fall+ bel[ ! small c\ntries ( ,greece & ,switz]l& & su* comp>atively undevelop$ c\ntries z ,*ili & ,arg5t9e4 ,s9ce by f> ! great] proportion ( ,am]ican w9es come f ! ,european grapes ( ! ,pacific coa/1 x c be se5 t w9e made f ,am]ican grapes is b a drop 9 ! bucket 9 ! _w's production4 ,reliable /ati/ics ( viticulture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 n tak5 until #ahij1 b c>eful e/imates1 z we h se51 _h be5 made by sev]al m5 at diff]5t p]iods4 ,^! ) ! la/ two c5sus reports %[ ! output ( w9e 9 ?is c\ntry to be1 9 r\nd numb]s1 z foll[s3 ,gallons #ahej #bej1jjj #ahfj #ejj1jjj #ahgj #e1jjj1jjj #ahhj #ae1jjj1jjj #ahij #bd1jjj1jjj #aijj #cj1jjj1jjj ,accord+ to ! ,am]ican ,w9e ,press1#hg ! lead+ au?ority on w9es 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! v9tage ( #aijg %[s ! foll[+ figures3 ,gallons ,s\!rn ,/ates #a1jjj1jjj ,new ,j]sey #bej1jjj ,new ,york #d1jjj1jjj ,ohio #b1ejj1jjj ,miss\ri #a1ejj1jjj ,cali=nia1 dry #cj1jjj1jjj ,cali=nia1 sweet #aj1jjj1jjj ,we/]n ,/ates #ejj1jjj ,all o!r ,/ates #ejj1jjj ------------ ,total w9e yield #ej1bej1jjj ,subtract+ ! product ( ,cali=nia f ! total we h approximately ! yield ( w9e f native grapes4 ,! manufacture ( *ampagne#hh f native grapes is beg9n+ to be an important adjunct to grape-gr[+ & is ( especial importance 9 ,new ,york :i* is ! *ief seat ( ! new indu/ry4 ,accord+ to /ati/ics f ! ,bureau ( ,/ati/ics ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,comm]ce & ,labor1#hi m ?an two million bottles ( g5u9e *ampagne w9e are n[ produc$ annually 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! figures compil$ by ! ,bureau ( ,/ati/ics %[ t ! manufacture ( *ampagne has quadrupl$ 9 t5 ye>s & t ,new ,york is by f> ! l>ge/ produc] 9 ?is class ( w9es4 ,x is held by ! writ]s ( ! circul> quot$ above1 & a c>eful /udy seems to h be5 made ( ! subject1 t ! ,am]ican product comp>es favorably ) t produc$ 9 o!r c\ntries & t native *ampagnes are /eadily improv+ ) ! increas$ exp]i5ce ( ! ,am]ican produc]4 ,! l>ge/ manufactur]s ( *ampagne are locat$ ab\t ,keuka ,lake1 ,/eub5 ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,ab\t #ge p] ct4 ( ! total output ( ! c\ntry is manufactur$ "h4 ,! process us$ is ! ,fr5* "o ( f]m5tation 9 ! bottle & a numb] ( di/9ct br&s are made :i* 9 color1 ta/e1 sp>kle & purity are rapidly approa*+ ! high quality ( ! celebrat$ ,fr5* *ampagnes4 ,consid]able *ampagne is also made 9 ,orange ,c\nty 9 ! s\!a/]n "p ( ,new ,york1 9 ,nor!rn ,ohio1 9 ,miss\ri1 & a small am\nt f ,european grapes 9 ,cali=nia4 ,! manufacture ( unf]m5t$ grape juice#ij is becom+ an indu/ry 9 ,new ,york & promises to sub/antially increase ! production ( grapes4 ,grape juice is :at its "n purports1 ! juice ( ! grape undilut$1 unsweet5$ & unf]m5t$4 ,a good grade ( grape juice conta9s no pres]vatives1 ! necessity = su* be+ remov$ 9 ! process ( mak+1 ! *ief op]ation ( :i* is /]ilization by heat :]eby ! g]ms ( f]m5tation are kill$4 ,! product is an anci5t "o1 z ! ,greeks1 ,hebrews & ,assyrians us$ x z new w9e2 b ! process ( mak+ an unf]m5t$ grape juice t c\ld be kept = an indef9ite l5g? ( "t is q mod]n1 & is ! outcome ( ! discov]ies ( ! la/ half c5tury reg>d+ ! control ( ! ag5ts ( f]m5tation4 ,! grape juice indu/ry ( ! c\ntry is l>gely conf9$ to ,new ,york & to ! ,*autauqua grape belt 9 ! we/]n "p ( ! ,/ate4 ,ab\t "o-fif? ( ! grape crop ( ?is region 0 turn$ into grape juice 9 #aijg4 ,! output ( ! ,*autauqua region is z foll[s3 #aijd1 #djj1jjj gallons2 #aije1 #fjj1jjj gallons2 #aijf1 #a1jjj1jjj gallons2 #aijg1 #a1ejj1jjj gallons4 ,! ,concord is us$ almo/ entirely 9 ! manufacture ( grape juice ?\gh a few o!r d>k-color$ grapes make a v good product4 ,!re is b little dem& = a light-color$ grape juice b "s is made4 ,s9ce ! ,european grape does n make a good unf]m5t$ juice !re is no fe> among gr[]s ( native grapes ( competition f ,cali=nia or ,europe4 ,! rapid gr[? :i* ?is indu/ry has made is mo/ enc\rag+ to grape-gr[]s = x promises to furni% a p]man5t & pr(itable dem& = good grapes4 ,rais9s#ia are n made f ,am]ican grapes4#ib ,s f> no v>ieties ( ! native species h be5 develop$ ) suffici5t sug> & solid cont5ts to make a rais9 acceptable to ! m>kets4 ,ev5 7 !re v>ieties f :i* rais9s c\ld be made1 x is v d\btful if ! climate ( ea/]n ,am]ica dur+ pick+ & cur+ "t is su* t rais9s c\ld be made 9 competition ) ! product ( ,cali=nia1 n[ ! greate/ ( ! _w's rais9 produc+ regions1 :]e ! climate is almo/ p]fectly adapt$ to ! indu/ry4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,viticulture ,,( ,,new ,,york ,! hi/ory ( ! viticulture ( ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates %[s t ! regions 9 :i* grapes h be5 mo/ l>gely gr[n 9 ! pa/ h come into prom95ce1 _h _! day1 & !n suff]$ a decl9e4 ,! reasons = ! m or less tempor>y "* ( grape regions are becom+ m & m app>5t z our k ( grape-gr[+ increases4 ,! grape1 m ?an mo/ o!r dome/icat$ plants1 is pr(\ndly influ5c$ by climate1 soil1 cultural treatm5t1 & insect & fungus pe/s4 ,9 any region 9 :i* ! grape succe$s at all well1 conditions are m favorable at ! />t ( ! indu/ry ?an lat]2 ?is is especially true z reg>ds soils1 & ! insect & fungus pe/s4 ,9 a discussion ( any phase ( grape culture1 9 a broad s5se1 ! conditions "u :i* ! fruit is gr[n mu/ receive c>eful consid]ation4 ,we !re=e include 9 ?is *apt] a discussion ( ! *>act]s :i* mo/ /rongly influ5ce grapes 9 v9e1 fruit & g5]al adaptability2 also a brief discussion ( ! regions 9 :i* native grapes h be5 successfully gr[n 9 ,am]ica2 &1 m p>ticul>ly1 an acc\nt ( ! viticulture & ! grape regions ( ,new ,york4 ,9 _! wild /ate ! v>i\s species ( native grapes seem adapt$ to a great div]sity ( soils & conditions4 ,b "u successful cultivation v>ieties ( ! sev]al species are conf9$ to some:at re/rict$ regions & ev5 localities4 ,(t5 a grape v>iety w succe$ on "o %ore ( a lake or riv] & n on ! o!r2 on "o slope ( a hill b n ano!r4 ,x is difficult to po9t out ! det]m9ants ( successful grape culture4 ,adaptability c be kn[n positively 9 _m cases only by trial2 = nei!r conditions ( soil1 nor climate1 nor lay ( l& det]m9es ) c]ta9ty ! adaptability ( a giv5 locality4 ,(t5times "o v>iety ( a species may n be successful :ile ano!r is completely s4 ,_m v>ieties rea* p]fection 9 "o region or locality b n 9 ano!r ?\gh ! conditions may seem v simil>4 ,s great is ! influ5ce ( local environm5t1 (t5times1 t a v>iety gr[n 9 "o locality might n be recogniz$ z ! same grape :5 produc$ "u o!r conditions4 ,! *ief natural factors :i* gov]n ! di/ribution ( v>ieties ( grapes are3 ,latitude & altitude2 temp]ature ( air & soil2 wat] supply2 ! *emical & physical prop]ties ( ! soil2 air curr5ts2 & insects & fungi4 ,latitude & altitude v l>gely det]m9e ! annual temp]ature1 ! am\nt & int5sity ( sunlight1 & ! l5g? ( ! gr[+ season--all v important factors 9 gr[+ grapes4 ,species & v>ieties ( grapes are usually adapt$ to regions hav+ ab\t ! same latitude2 nor!rn types d n succe$ 9 ! ,s\? nor ! rev]se4 ,l5g? ( season has m to d ) ! adaptation ( grapes ?an ! degree ( heat or cold1 = "s s\!rn sorts are h>dy 9 v9e 9 ! ,nor? b ! seasons 9 ! nor!rn latitude are n suffici5tly long = ! fruit to mature4 ,on ! o!r h&1 nor!rn v>ieties mature too quickly 9 ! ,s\? & pass ?r\gh maturity to decay ) too great rapidity4 ,! metes & b\nds ( latitude are (t5 set aside 9 grape-gr[+ by local modifications4 ,?us x (t5 happ5s t valleys 9 regions n g5]ally adapt$ to viticulture are s protect$ f cold w9ds1 s op5 to sun%9e1 or are s free f fogs or fro/s z to furni% ideal conditions = grape-gr[+4 ,probably ! *ief factor 9 det]m9+ ! adaptability ( a region to grape culture is temp]ature4 ,ea* ( ! diff]5t species & v>ieties ( grapes requires a c]ta9 am\nt ( w>m? = its be/ developm5t & c endure b a c]ta9 degree ( cold4 ,! temp]ature ( a region is *iefly det]m9$ by latitude1 altitude & proximity to l>ge bodies ( wat]1 ?\gh v>iations 9 ! surface ( ! c\ntry are (t5 important modify+ ag5ts ( temp]ature & especially influ5ce spr+ & fall fro/s4 ,! grape does be/ 9 an equable temp]ature & does n ?rive 9 regions :]e !re is a great daily range4 ,regions & seasons 9 :i* ! temp]ature is comp>atively l[ 9 ! gr[+ mon?s ( ,may1 ,june & ,july & high1 ) mu* sun%9e1 9 ! matur+ mon?s ( ,augu/1 ,septemb] & ,octob]1 produce ! be/ grapes 9 ! latitude ( ,new ,york4 ,an av]age ( f #ee to #fe = ! fir/ nam$ p]iod & ( f #fe to #ge = ! second are ideal temp]ature conditions = ! grape4 ,?is fruit is v s5sitive to moi/ure conditions4 ,n only mu/ ! total ra9fall = ! ye> be tak5 into consid]ation b its di/ribution ?r\gh\t ! seasons mu/ be consid]$4 ,! grape does be/ ) comp>atively little ra9fall4 ,:5 ! ra9fall is ! lea/ possible am\nt = a good gr[? ( v9e ! grape crop w be ! l>ge/1 ( be/ quality & mo/ free f fungi4 ,wet seasons1 & especially wetness dur+ ! mon?s ( matur+1 are disa/r\s to bo? quantity & quality ( grapes4 ,?us1 9 ,new ,york x is n possible1 ) mo/ v>ieties1 to produce good grapes if ! av]age is above six in*es ea* = ! ?ree gr[+ mon?s & five in*es ea* = ! matur+ mon?s4 ,x is f> bett] = ! crop t x be z l[ z f\r in*es = ! fir/ nam$ p]iod & two in*es = ! second p]iod4 ,sup]flu\s moi/ure 9 ! soil favors too great a gr[? ( v9e1 *ecks & weak5s ! root sy/em1 prev5ts prop] sett+ ( fruit1 & favors fungi1 b h9d]s ! multiplication ( phyllox]a4 ,9 p>ticul>1 a comp>atively dry soil is desirable = grapes because ( its influ5ce on ! developm5t ( ! root sy/em4 ,9 dry soils l>ge root sy/ems are develop$ 9 ! se>* = ! wat] t ! plant mu/ h4 ,:5 int5se dr\ghts occur plants t h /ood 9 damp soils h n suffici5t roots to supply ! necess>y wat] to ! a]ial p>ts & ! v9es suff] 9 consequ5ce4 ,"s species & v>ieties are bett] fitt$ = )/&+ an excess ( moi/ure ?an o!rs4 ,! soil ex]cises a great influ5ce 9 det]m9+ ! suitability ( a region = viticulture4 ,sev]al factors act z soil det]m9ants3 7#a7 ,f]tility2 7#b7 physical *>act]s2 7#c7 soil heat4 ,x is necess>y to /udy ea* species1 & ev5 _! v>ieties1 to discov] _! p[]s ( adaptation to diff]5t soils & x is possible to indicate "h ! good & bad qualities ( soils only 9 ! mo/ g5]al way4 ,9 ! discussion ( species & v>ieties ! soil pref]5ces ( ! diff]5t botanical & horticultural gr\ps w be /at$ m fully4 ,great f]tility1 z a natural *>act]i/ic1 is n necess>y 9 grape regions4 ,f]tiliz]s1 & especially ! use ( /able manures & cov] crops1 c be made to supply v l>gely a lack ( f]tility4 ,soils naturally too ri* produce an ov]developm5t ( v9e4 ,"s species1 z ,vitis rupe/ris1 gr[ naturally 9 v poor soils1 ! habitat ( ! latt] be+ dry rav9es & /ony places hav+ comp>atively little organic matt]4 ,! v>ieties ( ,vitis rupe/ris promise well = /ocks ^u :i* to gr[ o!r v>ieties 9 c]ta9 soils4 ,9 ,europe calc>e\s or limy soils are n consid]$ well adapt$ to grape-gr[+1 b 9 ,am]ica we (t5 f9d v good v9ey>ds on su* soils4 ,! physical "* ( a soil has m to d ) ! welf>e ( ! grape ?an f]tility4 ,s& & clay are ! two di/9ct types ( soils usually f\nd 9 g5]al agricultural regions4 ,z "o or ! o!r pr$om9ates soils take _! "*4 ,s f> z gr[? alone is conc]n$ ^! two types ( soil d n influ5ce ! v9es mu* diff]5tly1 b ! fruit 9 quantity & quality is greatly influ5c$ by !m4 ,accord+ z to :e!r s& or clay is 9 excess a soil is loose or compact1 reta9s or gives up wat]1 & is w>m or cool4 ,a compact soil is made s by an excess ( clay or ( v f9e s&4 ,grapes require a light friable soil & compactness is (t5 a s]i\s defect4 ,usually species & v>ieties ) l>ge1 ?ick roots are bett] adapt$ to compact soils ?an ^? ) small root sy/ems1 probably because ! /rong roots h great] p5etrat+ p[] ?an ! weak ones4 ,lightness & p]meability ( ! soil may be influ5c$ by subsoil+ & ?r\gh ! use ( /able manure & cov] crops1 b a h>d soil is g5]ally s ill adapt$ to grape-gr[+ t ?is fruit %\ld n be plant$ on x4 ,! heat-reta9+ prop]ties ( a soil mu/ always be tak5 into acc\nt 9 gr[+ grapes4 ,! great pref]5ce :i* _m v>ieties ( grapes %[ = s&s1 loams1 %ales & gravels1 dep5ds l>gely ^u ! great] am\nt ( heat f\nd 9 su* soils4 ,9 nor!rn regions x is especially ne$ful t ! soil furni% an abundance ( bottom heat = ! grape4 ,! removal ( an excess ( moi/ure is helpful 9 regulat+ soil heat2 &1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 a well-dra9$ soil is w>me/4 ,grapes gr[ m or less well 9 any soil adapt$ to fruit-gr[+4 ,x is n true1 ev51 t ! grape is m p>ticul> z to soils ?an o!r fruits4 ,b ! necessity ( hav+ great quantity & high quality ( fruit 9 pr(itable viticulture makes x v necess>y to take _! pref]5ces z to soil into /rict acc\nt4 ,air curr5ts are ( m9or importance comp>$ ) ! o!r factors discuss$ yet are wor?y ( att5tion4 ,!y are *iefly ( importance 9 grape-gr[+ 9 ! suppression ( fungi4 ,x has long be5 notic$ t 9 regions :]e !re are /rong curr5ts ( air ! dread$ black-rot & ! mildew are n ne>ly s h>mful4 ,w9ds may be b5eficial1 too1 :5 !y br+ w>m air1 :5 moi/ure lad51 :5 !y keep fro/y air 9 motion1 & possibly !y h an effect on "s small insects z ! leaf-hopp]4 ,on ! contr>y !y may be detrim5tal :5 too dry1 /rong or cold4 ,natural or artificial w9dbreaks may greatly modify ! effects ( w9d curr5ts ?\gh _! value is usually ov]e/imat$ z _! b5efits are (t5 (fset by ! undesirable conditions caus$4 ,la/ly1 ! preval5ce or lack ( insects & fungi 9 a region may decide its value = viticulture4 ,9 sev]al in/ances fl\ri%+ viticultural indu/ries h be5 de/roy$ 9 ?is c\ntry by insects or fungi1 or bo?4 ,9 o!r regions ! pres5t supremacy ( comm]cial grape-gr[+ is almo/ :olly due to ! fact t nei!r insects nor fungi are s]i\sly tr\blesome4 ,! adv5t ( spray+ & a bett] k ( ! life hi/ories ( insects & fungi are less5+ ! importance ( ! p>asite factor 9 det]m9+ ! value ( a region = grape-gr[+1 b x is /ill ( high importance4 ,we are n[ prep>$ to take up a discussion ( ! grape regions ( ,new ,york4 ,! /ates 9 :i* ! gr[+ ( ,am]ican grapes takes ! rank ( an indu/ry are1 accord+ to ! c5sus ( #aijj1 9 ord] ( production3 ,new ,york1 ,ohio1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,mi*igan1 ,ill9ois1 ,indiana1 ,kansas1 ,miss\ri1 ,georgia & ,oklahoma4 ,! value ( ! product 9 ! lead+ /ate 0 #b1gfc1gaa2 9 ! la/ nam$ /ate1 #abh1ejj4 ,am]ican viticulture1 s f> z native grapes are conc]n$1 is almo/ :olly conf9$ to twelve /ates4 ,b viticultural int]e/s are /ill fur!r localiz$4 ,9 ,new ,york ! indu/ry is divid$ into f\r great regions1 ! ,*autauqua di/rict1 ! ,c5tral ,lakes di/rict1 ! ,hudson di/rict1 & ! ,niag>a di/rict4 ,9 ,p5nsylvania & ,ohio grape-gr[+ is l>gely conf9$ to ! %ores ( ,lake ,erie2 9 ,mi*igan to a small di/rict ab\t ! t[ns ( ,lawton & ,paw ,paw2 9 ,miss\ri1 ,h]mann is ! repres5tative po9t = grape culture4 ,,! ,,*autauqua ,,di/rict4 ,( ! f\r grape regions ( ,new ,york ! ,*autauqua di/rict is by f> ! mo/ important ?\gh1 except+ ! ,niag>a1 ! mo/ rec5t 9 developm5t4 ,! ,*autauqua grape belt lies along ! s\!a/]n %ore ( ,lake ,erie4 ,x av]ages ab\t ?ree miles 9 wid? & is ab\t fifty miles long4 ,its nor!a/]n b\nd>y is 9 ,erie ,c\nty b n f> f ! l9e divid+ ,erie & ,*autauqua ,c\nties2 its we/]n b\nd>y1 9 ,new ,york1 is ! ,p5nsylvania l9e1 an arbitr>y division1 = ! di/rict passes into ,p5nsylvania4 ,?is n>r[ belt passes ?r\gh ! t[ns ( ,hanov]1 ,%]idan1 ,dunkirk1 ,pomfret1 ,portl&1 ,we/field & ,ripley 9 ,*autauqua ,c\nty4 ,n all1 b mu*1 ( ! l& is suitable = grape-gr[+4 ,! topography1 geology1 & soils ( ?is grape-belt h be5 c>efully mapp$ & /udi$4#icid ,! grape l& is1 z we h se51 a n>r[ /rip ( comp>atively l[ l& :i* bord]s ! %ore ( ,lake ,erie4 ,on ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ?is l[ pla9 is a high hill or esc>pm5t p>allel to ! lake & surm\nt+ ! grape belt ?r\gh\t its entire l5g?4 ,?is esc>pm5t1 ! ,hill1 ranges f #ejj to #gjj feet above ! pla9 & f #ejj to #ajjj feet above ! lake4 ,! pla9 is g5tly roll+ & asc5ds f ! bluff ( ! lake to ! esc>pm5t ) a grade ( f "o to two hundr$ feet to ! mile1 =m+ 9 "s places well-m>k$ foot-hills to ! esc>pm5t prop]4 ,! b$ rock1 accord+ to ,t>r#ie is upp] ,devonian %ales & s& /ones 9 bo? pla9 & esc>pm5t4 ,on ! face ( ! esc>pm5t & on ! table l&s ( "s ( ! foot-hills ! soil is s ?9 t ! pl\gh frequ5tly t\*es b$ rock4 ,?is seldom comes to ! surface on ! pla9 except 9 /ream b$s & 9 %ale ridges1 b is to be f\nd 9 fragm5ts ( great] or less size & 9 m or less abundance ?r\gh\t ! soils ( ! entire di/rict4 ,ev]y:]e on ! pla9 may be se5 anci5t bea* l9es4 ,^! rise usually 9 two well-def9$ t]races b n infrequ5tly !re are f two to five di/9ct t]races betwe5 ! lake & ! esc>pm5t4 ,all conditions po9t to ! !ory t ^! ridges are wave built & !re=e ( lake orig94 ,! pla91 ! gravel ridges1 ! foot-hills & ! high esc>pm5t are ! *ief topographical features ( ! grape belt4 ,! grape soils ( ! di/rict1 z mapp$ by ! ,bureau ( ,soils ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1#if are ,dunkirk clay1 ,dunkirk gravel1 ,dunkirk gravelly loam1 ,dunkirk s&y loam & ,dunkirk %ale loam4 ,! grapes gr[n ^u ! sev]al soils v>y some:at z to quantity p] acre1 z to flavor & sug> cont5t & z to %ipp+ quality4 ,! l>ge/ areas ( ,dunkirk clay are f\nd runn+ back f ! lake ea/ & we/ f ,b>celona1 9 ! neighborhood ( ,van ,bur5 ,po9t & ab\t ,dunkirk4 ,9 ^! regions ! soil is a clay loam f sev]al in*es to a foot deep re/+ ^u a /iff] & m t5aci\s clay4 ,v9ey>ds locat$ on ?is soil are v productive b ! quality is n z high z 9 ! fruit gr[n on ! %ale loam1 ?\gh = mo/ "p sup]ior to t produc$ on ! gravel & s&y loams4 ,dunkirk gravel soils are f\nd on ! ridges at ! foot ( ! esc>pm5t on ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ! di/rict f ,p5nsylvania to ! ea/]n b\nd>y ( ! grape di/rict4 ,?r\gh\t mo/ ( ?is di/ance !re are f "o to ?ree p>allel ridges v>y+ f a few rods to a half mile 9 bread?2 at _m places ! ridges run into ea* o!r or h be5 br\ght toge!r by cultivation4 ,x 0 ^u ?is gravel t v9es 7 fir/ successfully gr[n4 ,grapes ^u ?is soil rip5 a week or m e>li] ?an ^u o!r soils & ^! l&s are !re=e l>gely plant$ ) v9ey>ds to supply ! e>ly m>ket & !y h a l>g] proportion ( e>ly v>ieties ?an v9ey>ds on o!r soils4 ,! ,niag>a is ?\ght to d especially well on ,dunkirk gravel4 ,dunkirk gravelly loam is f\nd runn+ ?r\gh practically ! :ole grape belt at ! base or on ! top ( ! gravel ridges2 if at ! base1 to lakew>d ( ! ridges4 ,x is a s&y loam ) mu* f9e gravel & is und]laid at a dep? ( ?ree feet ) s& & %ale fragm5ts4 ,on ! surface x mu* resembles ! gravel soils hav+ _h consid]able top gravel br\ght !re by wa%+ & by cultivation4 ,! grapes gr[n on ^! soils are v simil> to ^? produc$ on ! gravels ?\gh !re are "s m9or diff]5ces4 ,"s v>ieties produce l>g] b]ries on ?is soil1 & "s sorts1 x is claim$1 a great] am\nt ( wood4 ,! ,dunkirk s&y loams occur 9 l>ge irregul> areas bord]+ ! lake or runn+ f ! lake bluff back to ! esc>pm5t4 ,by f> ! l>ge/ ( ^! areas is f\nd ab\t ,fr$onia & ,dunkirk & runn+ ea/ & we/ ( ^! t[ns4 ,a second area is f\nd 9 ! neighborhood ( ,brocton & ,portl& & especially to ! nor? & we/4 ,!re are small] areas ea/ ( ,b>celona & nor?we/ ( ,ripley4 ,ne>ly all ( ! s&y loam soils are f\nd on undulat+ or roll+ l&4 ,! soil is a br[ni%-yell[ loam f a half foot to a foot 9 dep?4 ,!re are "s deviations f ! type & yet ! true s&y loams c be v easily recogniz$4 ,! soil is ( r heavy texture mak+ good f>m+ l& & produc+ l>ge crops ( grapes ( slightly inf]ior quality4 ,! ,dunkirk %ale loams are f\nd ^u ! hill or esc>pm5t4 ,^! =m ! grape l&s f>!/ remov$ f ! lake4 ,?is soil is comp>atively ?91 n av]ag+ m ?an a half-foot 9 dep? & is h>dly ev] f\nd a foot deep4 ,x is br[n 9 color ) mu* co>se fragm5t>y %ale on ! surface & und]laid ) a consid]able body ( heavy clay4 ,"p ( ! %ale loam l& lies on slopes too /eep & r\gh = cultivation b ! hillside table l&s ( ?is soil are especially well adapt$ to grape-gr[+4 ,! grapes gr[n "h conta9 mu* sug>1 !re=e keep & %ip well1 h a high flavor1 & are especially s\ght = 9 w9e-mak+2 grapes on ^! soils mature e>ly1 h t\gh sk9s1 b are only m$ium-siz$ b]ries4 ,! yields are mu* m v>iable on ?is soil ?an on ! o!rs because ( ! great v>iation 9 ! dep? ( soil4 ,on deep soils ( ?is loam ! yield is all t c\ld be desir$4 ,because ( ! lay ( ! l&1 & ! nature ( ! soil1 !re is mu* wa%+ & cultivation mu/ be done judici\sly4 ,! climate is exceptionally favorable = ! grape-gr[] 9 ! ,*autauqua di/rict4 ,x is1 if any?+1 ( m importance ?an ! l&2 = grape soils are n uncommon1 b a grape climate z ne> p]fection z t ( ?is region is inde$ r>e4 ,! influ5ce ( ! lake 9 modify+ ! temp]ature ( ! region is ! *ief climatic factor4 ,?is influ5ce ne$ n be dwelt ^u "h = x is common k t l>ge bodies ( wat] temp] cold w9t] wea!r1 hold back vegetation 9 spr+1 equalize night & day temp]atures ( summ]1 l5g!n ! gr[+ season & w>d (f autumn fro/s4 ,ea* ( ^! influ5ces is highly favorable to ! gr[? ( ! grape4 ,! esc>pm5t on ! s\!a/]n b\nd>y ( ! belt has a mo/ decid$ influ5ce on ! climate *iefly because x conf9es ! influ5ce ( ! lake to a n>r[ belt4 ,:5 ! esc>pm5t becomes l[1 z at ! two extremities ( ! belt1 grape-gr[+ ceases to be pr(itable4 ,:5 ! di/ance betwe5 ! lake & ! esc>pm5t is great1 ! climatic conditions are n s favorable4 ,! air curr5ts & ra9fall ( ! region are especially favorable4 ,! 9-%ore breeze ( ! day & ! (f-%ore breeze at night keep ! air 9 con/ant motion1 ?us prev5t+ fro/s 9 spr+ & autumn1 & probably cause 9 "p ! great degree ( immunity to black-rot & mildew4 ,un=tunately1 data to det]m9e accurately ! ra9fall ( ! di/rict _c be _h b su* z h be5 tak5 indicate t ! ra9fall is comp>atively light = ! matur+ mon?s ( ,augu/1 ,septemb] & ,octob] & n heavy = ! ?ree prec$+ gr[+ mon?s4 ,resid5ts ( ! grape belt claim t mo/ ( ! heavy %[]s pass ov] ! hills or d[n ! lake4 ,! :ole region is prov]bially free f heavy dews4 ,ra9 & dew are favorable to black-rot & o!r fungi & ! lack ( !m /ill fur!r acc\nts = ! immunity to ^! pe/s 9 ! region4 ,! hi/ory ( ! rise ( grape-gr[+ 9 ,*autauqua ,c\nty =ms an int]e/+ *apt] 9 ! economic developm5t ( ,new ,york4 ,! fir/ v9es 9 ! ,*autauqua di/rict 7 plant$ by ,elijah ,fay#ig 9 #ahah1 ne> ! pres5t t[n ( ,brocton4 ,^! 7 wild v9es ( ,vitis labrusca f ,deacon ,fay's boyhood home 9 ,new ,engl&4 ,! v9es grew luxuriantly b ! fruit 0 n satisfactory & 9 #ahbb ?is wor?y pione] obta9$ at great tr\ble roots ( ,mill]'s ,burgundy1 ,sweetwat] & ,black ,hamburg4 ,b ! second exp]im5t 0 ev5 m disa/r\s ?an ! fir/ z he got no fruit4 ,! real />t 0 made 9 #ahbd :5 ,mr4 ,fay obta9$ v9es ( ,catawba & ,isabella f ,pr9ce ( ,flu%+1 ,long ,isl&4 ,! v9es 7 tra9$ on trellises4 ,! v9ey>d cov]$ a plot two by eight rods 9 ext5t4 ,f a rise ( l& ne> ?is spot "o n[ sees grapes ev]y:]e1 probably a great] acreage ( !m ?an c be se5 f any o!r spot ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,9 #ahcj ,deacon ,fay made t5 gallons ( w9e1 ! fir/ = ! region4 ,9 #ahcd1 ,l9coln ,fay1 a nephew ( ,elijah ,fay1 />t$ ! sale ( grape v9es b n _m v9es 7 sold = comm]cial plant+s until z late z #ahej4 ,9 #ahei !re 7 9 ! t[n ( ,portl& b tw5ty acres ( be>+ grape v9es :]e n[ are ?\s&s4 ,dur+ ! decade t foll[$1 ! ,concord 0 g5]ally introduc$ giv+ ! viticulture ( ! region a great impetus4 ,grapes 7 n yet gr[n = table use to any great ext5t & a l>ge acreage c\ld n be us$ = w9e-mak+4 ,9 #ahei a w9e-cell> 0 built by ,fay1 ,ryckman#ih & ,haywood at ,brocton & = a long :ile ?is company us$ almo/ ! total crop ( ! region4 ,x 0 n until ! e>ly sev5ties t ! grape-gr[]s s\ght o!r m>kets ?an ! w9e-cell>s4 ,9 #ahgj !re 7 ab\t #fjj acres ( v9ey>ds 9 ,*autauqua ,c\nty4 ,! fir/ table-grapes ( ! region 7 pack$ 9 tw5ty-p\nd spl9t baskets4 ,dunkirk 0 ! prim>y m>ket+ place & ! fruit 0 %ipp$ f "h to v>i\s l>ge cities by ?r\gh freight4 ,! transportation facilities 7 n satisfactory & 9 #ahhj ,jonas ,m>t9 ( ,brocton tri$ ! exp]im5t ( %ipp+ a c>load ( grapes to ,philadelphia4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ c>load ( grapes s5t f ,*autauqua ,c\nty4 ,9 #aijf1 #dfij c>loads 7 %ipp$ & #hdd 7 conv]t$ into w9e & grape juice1 repres5t+ all told #b1dhb1hbb4ii ,until #ahhc ! m>kets 7 conf9$ to ne>by cities b 9 ?is ye> a c>load 0 safely s5t to ,spokane1 aft] :i* "t m>kets 7 f\nd f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific & f ! ,gulf to ,upp] ,canada4 ,! fir/ grape-gr[]s' union 0 =m$ 9 #ahhf z ! ,*autauqua ,grape ,gr[]s' ,%ipp+ ,association & its organization m>k$ a new epo* 9 ! grape indu/ry ( ! di/rict4 ,small] & l>g] organizations h s9ce be5 =m$ & at ! pres5t "t ab\t #hj p] ct4 ( ! entire crop is h&l$ by a gr[]s' union kn[n z ! ,*autauqua & ,erie ,grape ,company4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,g4 ,e4 ,ryckman1 9 ! e>ly days ( ! grape indu/ry 9 ?is region ! fruit 0 %ipp$ 9 r\nd pap] baskets hold+ f ?ree to five p\nds2 lat] ^! 7 made ( wood4 ,sometime 9 ! e>ly sev5ties tw5ty-p\nd spl9t baskets1 :i* 7 suppos$ to be return$ to ! own]s1 7 introduc$4 ,^! 7 sup]s$$ by ! twelve-p\nd climax basket2 ! size ( ?is basket 0 soon r$uc$ to t5 p\nds1 !n to n9e1 !n to eight4 ,mean:ile a small five-p\nd basket made on ! same l9es z ! l>g] "o came into use b soon %runk into a f\r-p\nd receptacle4 ,! eight & ! f\r-p\nd climax baskets are n[ g5]ally us$ ?r\gh\t ! region4 ,increas+ quantities are n[ be+ %ipp$ to l>ge cities 9 trays ) slatt$ tops hold+ ab\t =ty p\nds ea*2 ^! grapes are us$ by ! pur*as] = w9e-mak+4 ,! w9e & grape juice indu/ries ( ! region h be5 t\*$ ^u 9 ! g5]al discussion ( ^! indu/ries4 ,an actual canvass made by ?is ,/ation 9 ! w9t] ( #aijf-g %[s !re are 9 ! ,*autauqua grape belt at ?is "t #cj1jjj acres ( grapes4 ,! c5sus report ( #aijj gave ! numb] ( v9es = ! c\nty z #aa1iad1gjf1 :i* at ! usual numb] ( v9es p] acre gives ab\t #bj1jjj acres = ! di/rict4 ,?is figure 0 probably l[1 ?\gh t ( ! ,/ation = #aijg may be some:at high4 ,! acreage is di/ribut$ 9 t[ns approximately z foll[s3 ,portl& #iejj2 ,we/field #egjj2 ,ripley #egjj2 ,pomfret #dfjj2 ,hanov] #aiej2 ,%]idan #aiej2 ,dunkirk #fjj4 ,a correspond5t writes t ! grape %ipm5ts = #aijg indicate a consid]ably l>g] acreage = ! t[ns ( ,hanov] & ,%]idan ?an are "h giv54 ,! av]age yield ( grapes is a little less ?an two tons p] acre = ! region4 ,! value ( v9ey>ds v>ies f #ajj to #djj p] acre4 ,! crop = ! pa/ sev5 ye>s calculat$ by ,! ,grape ,belt#ajj f figures secur$ f ! railroads are z foll[s3 ,season ( #aijj #hjjj c>loads ,season ( #aija #fffi c>loads ,season ( #aijb #ejfb c>loads ,season ( #aijc #bieb c>loads ,season ( #aijd #gdgi c>loads ,season ( #aije #ecfb c>loads ,season ( #aijf #efcd c>loads ,! seem+ decrease 9 c>loads %ipp$ z ! ye>s progress is f> m ?an made up by ! great] use ( ! fruit 9 local w9]ies & grape juice factories4 ,accord+ to figures ga!r$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is "w ab\t #ij p] ct4 ( ! grape acreage ( ! region is set to ,concord foll[$ by #c p] ct4 ( ,niag>a1 #b p] ct4 ( ,word5 & #a p] ct4 ea* = ,moore ,e>ly & ,catawba ) ! rema9+ #c p] ct4 made up ( a doz5 or m sorts among :i* ,delaw>e leads4 ,! %ipp+ season 9 ?is di/rict beg9s e>ly 9 ,septemb] & la/s well into ,novemb] ?\gh late v>ieties1 z ,catawba1 & small lots ( ,concord are held "s weeks long]4 ,improv$ /orage facilities are ye>ly l5g!n+ ! season4 ,sev]al sy/ems ( prun+ & tra9+ are 9 vogue 9 ! di/rict b ! majority ( ! v9ey>ds are prun$ & tra9$ 9 a sy/em peculi> to ,*autauqua ,c\nty4 ,! po/s are f six to eight feet 9 height1 "o to ea* ?ree v9es2 two wires complete ! trellis4 ,! l[] wire is f #bh to #cb in*es f ! gr\nd & ! second f #bb to #cf in*es above ! fir/1 ! di/ance be+ *ang$ z ! v9e comes to maturity4 ,! grapes are tra9$ accord+ to ! upright sy/em & ! v9es are r5ew$ to %ort horizontal arms & b few canes are tak5 out ea* ye>2 ! trunk rea*es only to ! l[] wire4 ,! arms are loosely ti$ to ! l[] wire & ! canes & be>+ %oots to ! wire above4 ,cultivation v>ies greatly b ! be/ gr[]s practice close cultivation & make use ( f]tiliz]s2 ! cov] crop is gr[+ 9 favor4 ,spray+ is n v g5]al z ! region has be5 rem>kably free f pe/s4 ,! *ief insects n[ enc\nt]$ are ! grape-v9e fidia1#aja ! flea-beetle1#ajb ! grape leaf-hopp]#ajc & ! grape b]ry mo?4#ajd ,! sev]al fungal diseases f\nd 9 ?is region are1 ab\t 9 ord] ( importance1 black-rot1 d[ny mildew1 or br[n-rot1 p[d]y mildew1 & an?racnose1 or bird's-eye rot4 ,,! ,,c5tral ,,lakes ,,di/rict ,sev]al important areas ( v9ey>ds are gr\p$ ab\t ! c5tral lakes 9 we/]n ,new ,york4 ,:ile !re are at lea/ ?ree di/9ct localities 9 ?is di/rict1 namely1 ! areas ab\t ! ?ree lakes1 ,keuka1 ,can&aigua1 & ,s5eca1 yet ! soils1 climate1 v>ieties & me?ods ( c>+ = v9ey>ds & product are s ne>ly alike t all may be treat$ z "o di/rict4 ,! v9ey>ds are 9 five c\nties1 ,ont>io1 ,yates1 ,s*uyl]1 ,/eub5 & ,s5eca4 ,! ,keuka area1 9 ,yates & ,/eub5 ,c\nties1 is by f> ! l>ge/2 & ! region is (t5 call$ ! ,keuka grape di/rict4 ,v9ey>ds surr\nd ,keuka ,lake & all b ! nor!rn end ( ,can&aigua ,lake1 b only on ! banks ( ! s\!rn half ( ,s5eca ,lake are grapes gr[n4 ,! some:at ext5sive v9ey>ds ab\t ,naples1 s\? ( ,can&aigua ,lake2 ,ba?1 s\? ( ,keuka ,lake2 & ( ,romulus betwe5 ,s5eca & ,cayuga ,lakes1 belong 9 ! ,c5tral ,lakes di/rict4 ,! geology ( ! ,c5tral or ,f+] ,lakes has be5 /udi$ by _m work]s & ! geological hi/ory ( ^! rem>kable bodies ( wat] is n[ well kn[n4#aje ,x is v g5]ally agre$ t ^! lakes fill1 9 "p1 preglacial valleys & t ! valleys 7 trans=m$ into lakes by glacial action4 ,! bas9s ( ! lakes may h be5 & probably 7 deep5$ by ! erosive action ( glaci]s b x is fairly c]ta9 t !re 7 pre-exi/+ valleys :i* 7 damm$ by glacial deposit4 ,! topography is m or less r\gh & brok54 ,! /eep hillsides ( ! lakes 7 =m$ n only by erosion b by ! tilt+ ( ! l&4 ,beside ^! hillsides ( ! lakes to give "* to ! topography ( ! region1 !re are ranges ( hills & ! rema9s ( "s mora9es1 s t 9 g5]al ! l& is v unev54 ,?is is especially true ( ! p>ts ( x devot$ to grape-gr[+ ?\gh 9 "s grape sections !re are _m /ret*es ( smoo? & regul> v9ey>ds4 ,! soils ( ?is great region v>y mu*1 z is always ! case :5 l& is made by glacial erosion & deposit ( glacial drifts4 ,on a s+le f>m ! soil may be ?ick & f]tile 9 "o "p & ?9 & poor 9 ano!r2 x may consi/ l>gely ( clay 9 "o "p & ( s& & gravel 9 o!rs4 ,! grape soils 9 ! ,c5tral ,lakes region are1 9 p>ticul>1 ( miscellane\s types1 embrac+1 9 "o place or ano!r1 ne>ly all ( ! soils 9 ! ,dunkirk s]ies describ$ 9 ! discussion ( ! ,*autauqua di/rict4 ,probably ! ,dunkirk clay loam1 (t5 v %aly & /ony1 is ! mo/ common ( ! sev]al soils ( ! region4 ,!re are also consid]able areas ( a %aly soil :i* possibly d n belong to ! ,dunkirk types1 n hav+ be5 influ5c$ by wat] action z are true ,dunkirk soils4 ,on ! slopes & hillsides ! l& is sometimes r\gh & /ony ) b a ?9 cov]+ ( soil & ) out-cropp+s ( b$ rock4 ,! influ5ce ( ! v>i\s soils on ! grape has n be5 /udi$ z 9 ! ,*autauqua di/rict b1 z not$1 ! soils 9 ! two di/ricts are 9 _m cases simil> s t ! discussion ( ! influ5ce ( ! sev]al types giv5 = ! ,*autauqua di/rict w apply 9 l>ge "p to ! ,c5tral ,lakes di/rict4 ,! ,c5tral ,lakes h a v p]ceptible influ5ce on ! climate ( ! region4 ,! lakes are deep & cons]ve w>m?4 ,! wat] ( ,s5eca ,lake is s deep1 & consequ5tly w>m1 t x has be5 kn[n to freeze ov] only a few times 9 ! pa/ hundr$ ye>s4 ,! w9t] climate 9 ?is region is mu* less sev]e ?an 9 adjac5t t]ritories4 ,n only does ! wat] modify ! sev]ity ( ! w9t] climate b ! enclos+ highl&s mat]ially assi/ 9 keep+ 9 ! w>m? ( ! valleys4 ,s9ce ! lakes run1 g5]ally speak+1 nor? & s\?1 ! w9ds are deflect$ to ^! directions v l>gely4 ,9 ! summ]1 bo? days & nights are cool] & ! climate m equable ne> ! lakes4 ,^! modifications ( climate are all favorable to grape-gr[+4 ,! fir/ grapes gr[n 9 ?is di/rict1 s f> z records %[1 7 set by ! ,rev4 ,william ,bo/wick at ,hammondsport 9 #ahcj4 ,! v>ieties 7 ,isabella & ,catawba & ^! he succe$$ 9 rais+ to p]fection4 ,f ?is "t onw>d scatt]+ v9es 7 plant$ 9 g>d5s ab\t ! ?ree lakes4 ,ab\t #ahcf ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,pr5tiss1 orig9ator ( ! ,pr5tiss grape1 plant$ a small v9ey>d at ,pult5ey f :i* consid]able fruit 0 s5t to m>ket f "t to "t & ! v9ey>d 0 con/antly enl>g$4 ,9 #ahec a comm]cial v9ey>d 0 set out by ,&rew ,reis+]1 a ,g]man v9e-dress]1 consi/+ ( two acres ( ,isabella & ,catawba at ,h>monyville 9 ! t[n ( ,pult5ey4 ,reis+] tra9$1 prun$ & till$ 8 v9es1 op]ations unhe>d ( be=e 9 ! di/rict1 & 0 rew>d$ ) crops & pr(its :i* /imulat$ grape culture 9 8 & ne>by neighborhoods4 ,9 #ahee ! ,hon4 ,jacob ,l>r[e & ,mr4 ,orl&o ,%eph>d plant$ small v9ey>ds ( ,isabella & ,catawba 9 ,pleasant ,valley ne> ,hammondsport & 7 s successful t 9 #aheh _! v9ey>ds 7 greatly increas$ & o!rs 9 ! valley emb>k$ 9 ! bus9ess ( v9e-culture4 ,viticulture 0 n[ fairly />t$ & ! indu/ry grew apace f #aheh onw>d4 ,9 #ahfj two hundr$ acres ( grapes 7 set 9 ,pleasant ,valley alone & else:]e on ,keuka ,lake l>ge plant+s 7 made4 ,grapes br\ght f fifte5 to ?irty c5ts p] p\nd & a be>+ v9ey>d at ?is "t 0 z good z a gold m9e4 ,plant+s 7 begun 9 ! ,yates ,c\nty portion ( ! ,keuka di/rict 9 #ahee :5 ,mr4 ,w4 ,w4 ,%irl& set a small v9ey>d ( ,isabella 9 ,b5ton t[n%ip4 ,!re seem to be no records z to ! fir/ plant+s ab\t ,s5eca & ,can&aigua ,lakes b all available in=mation indicates t plant+s ab\t ^! two lakes came 9 ! spread+ ( ! indu/ry f ,keuka ,lake4 ,e4 ,a4 ,mc,kay ( ,naples seems to h _h a v9ey>d ( "s ext5t z e>ly z #ahdh f :i* he sold fruit4 ,!re mu/ h be5 v9ey>ds ( consid]able size ab\t ,avon 9 ,liv+/on ,c\nty 9 ! e>ly fifties2 = ,l>r[e1 ,%eph>d & o!rs obta9$ cutt+s at ?is place 9 #ahee = _! v9ey>ds 9 ,pleasant ,valley4 ,:o own$ ^! ,avon v9ey>ds1 & :at _! ext5t 01 does n appe>4 ,! fir/ comm]cial %ipm5t ( any consid]able am\nt beyond ! t[ns ne>by 0 made 9 #ahed :5 ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,pr5tiss %ipp$ a ton ( ,isabella pack$ 9 tubs to ,new ,york ,city4 ,! tubs 7 made by cutt+ apple b>rels 9 half & 7 pack$ half full :5 a ?9 bo>d p>tition 0 put 9 aft] :i* ! tub 0 fill$ & cov]$4 ,! consignm5t rea*$ ! city 9 fair condition & br\ght fifte5 c5ts p] p\nd b a second ton %ipp$ 9 ! same way broke ! m>ket4 ,john ,mead ( ! t[n ( ,b5ton introduc$ ! ,concord 9 ?is region 9 #ahfa & ! same ye> ,h5ry ,rose ( ,p5n ,yan set ! fir/ ,delaw>e to be plant$ comm]cially 9 ! di/rict4 ,! ,concord soon took ! place ( ! ,isabella b c\ld n displace ! ,catawba z x did 9 ! ,*autauqua di/rict4 ,! ,delaw>e grew 9 favor & rapidly assum$ ?ird place 9 ! li/ ( v>ieties ab\t ! ?ree lakes1 a position :i* x /ill ma9ta9s1 ?\gh x is closely foll[$ by ! ,niag>a4 ,by #ahfj grape-gr[+ _h become s g5]al t ! ne$ ( fur!r outlets = ! fruit 0 felt & ! ,pleasant ,valley ,w9e ,company 0 =m$ = ! manufacture ( w9e & br&y4 ,= sev]al ye>s foll[+1 ?is company us$ ab\t "o-?ird ( ! output ( ,pleasant ,valley1 help+ v mat]ially to /eady ! m>ket = ! :ole di/rict4 ,a few ye>s lat] ano!r l>ge company1 ! ,urbana ,w9e ,company1 0 =m$2 & :5 /ill lat] x 0 discov]$ t ! *ampagne made ab\t ,keuka ,lake 0 sup]ior to t made 9 any o!r "p ( ,am]ica & t1 ) exp]i5ce 9 mak+1 x rivall$ ! *ampagne 9 ,france1 w9e-mak+ became an important adjunct to grape-gr[+ 9 ?is di/rict4 ,n[ !re are ab\t tw5ty-five companies mak+ w9e & *ampagne on or ne> ! %ores ( ! ?ree lakes1 ! indu/ry hav+ its c5t] on ,keuka ,lake4 ,w9e-mak+ is /ill 9 its infancy & because ( ! dem& x creates = grapes1 & ! high prices paid by ! w9]ies1 w cont9ue to ex]t a mo/ favorable influ5ce on ! viticulture ( ! di/rict4 ,!re is b little unf]m5t$ grape juice made ab\t ! ,c5tral ,lakes4 ,a valuable asset ( ?is di/rict is its long range ( season4 ,grapes rip5 f "o to two weeks e>li] ab\t ^! lakes ?an !y d 9 ! ,*autauqua belt4 ,?us ! ,concords gr[n "h are well out ( ! way ( ^? gr[n 9 ! ,*autauqua di/rict4 ,! ,catawba1 :i* rip5s late & is a good keep]1 c be kept 9 f9e condition until midw9t] or lat]4 ,! range ( season 9 ?is di/rict1 !n1 is f ! fir/ "p ( ,septemb] until ,febru>y or ev5 ,m>*4 ,?\gh !re h be5 grape-gr[]s' unions = m>ket+ ! fruit ( ?is di/rict at v>i\s times1 mo/ ( x n[ goes ?r\gh ! h&s ( individual buy]s4 ,an exception is ! product ( ! l>ge v9ey>ds ( ,niag>as 9 ,s5eca ,c\nty1 ! fruit ( :i* is m>ket$ ) t ( ! product ( o!r ,niag>a v9ey>ds ( ! ,niag>a di/rict ( we/]n ,new ,york ?r\gh a union ( gr[]s4 ,! grapes 9 ?is di/rict are v>i\sly tra9$ b ! high r5ewal sy/em is us$ *iefly4 ,9 ?is sy/em ! head ( ! trunk is f tw5ty to ?irty in*es f ! gr\nd4 ,usually ! trellis has ?ree wires1 ! l[e/ ab\t tw5ty in*es f ! gr\nd & ! o!rs at di/ances ( eighte5 in*es ap>t4 ,new canes are br\ght out f r5ewal /ubs & once 9 two or ?ree ye>s an attempt is made to br+ !m directly f ! head ( ! ma9 trunk4 ,?is sy/em is p>ticul>ly well adapt$ to ! ,catawba & ,delaw>e s g5]ally gr[n 9 ! lake region4 ,?or\gh cultivation is practic$ & ! fall cov] crop ( oats1 b>ley or clov] is com+ into favor4 ,x is difficult to asc]ta9 ! acreage 9 ?is di/rict4 ,tak+ ! figures ( ! c5sus ( #aijj & ^? ( a canvass made by ?is ,/ation 9 ! w9t] ( #aijf-g ! acreage 9 ! sev]al c\nties is ab\t z foll[s3 ,yates1 #gidj2 ,/eub51 #eegj2 ,ont>io1 #bfcj2 ,s*uyl]1 #ajad2 ,s5eca1 #aedj2 total #ah1fid4 ,^! figures are slightly l>g] ?an ! e/imates ( grape-gr[]s & buy]s b *iefly s because !y take 9 scatt]$ plantations ?r\gh\t ! sev]al c\nties4 ,?us 9 all ( ^! c\nties !re are a surpris+ly l>ge numb] ( ,niag>a v9ey>ds 9 out-(-!-way places1 set dur+ ! ,niag>a boom ( ! eighties4 ,to ?is ,c5tral ,lakes di/rict might also be add$ #ejj acres ( comm]cial v9ey>ds 9 ,liv+/on ,c\nty2 #bej 9 ,cayuga & #bej 9 ,tompk9s ,c\nties4 ,! total valuation ( ! crop 9 ?is di/rict 9 #aijj 0 #idc1ifd4 ,insects are n z tr\blesome 9 ! ,c5tral ,lakes di/rict z 9 ! ,*autauqua di/rict4 ,! grape-v9e fidia1 or root-worm1 "o ( ! wor/ ( ! insect pe/s ( ! grape1 is n yet de/ructive 9 ?is region4 ,! grape leaf-hopp] & ! grape-v9e flea-beetle are possibly ! wor/ ( ! insects infe/+ ! grapes ab\t ^! lakes4 ,b fungi are m tr\blesome ?an 9 ! ,*autauqua di/rict2 probably because ! climatic conditions are m favorable to ! developm5t ( ^! pe/s ab\t ^! small] lakes ?an ne> ,lake ,erie4 ,! five mo/ tr\blesome diseases1 nam$ ab\t 9 ord] ( importance are black-rot1#ajf d[ny mildew1#ajg or br[n-rot1 p[d]y mildew1#ajh an?racnose1#aji or bird's-eye rot & *lorosis1#aaj or yell[-leaf4 ,v9ey>ds are v g5]ally spray$ 9 ?is di/rict & usually ) satisfactory results4 ,grape-gr[]s h le>n$ t c]ta9 v>ieties are mu* m susceptible to "s ( ! diseases ?an o!rs & plant accord+ly4 ,,hudson ,,riv] ,,di/rict4 ,! region along ! ,hudson ,riv] =ms ! ?ird l>ge/ grape di/rict 9 ,new ,york4 ,accord+ to ! c5sus ( #ahij !re 7 #ac1jjj acres ( grapes 9 ?is di/rict b 9 #aijj ! returns gave less ?an half t acreage4 ,! great fall+ (f 0 due to ! tak+ out ( a consid]able numb] ( old v9ey>ds :i* _h be5 plant$ ) too _m v>ieties1 or ) wor?less v>ieties1 or 9 "s o!r respect 7 poorly set plantations4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ! acreage 9 #aijg is great] ?an 9 #aijj b ! indu/ry is 9 a m heal?ful & prosp]\s condition n[ ?an !n4 ,an e/imate ( ! pres5t acreage1 & its di/ribution1 made 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is "w1 gives ! /&+ ( ! di/rict z foll[s by c\nties3 ,columbia1 #hfe acres2 ,dut*ess1 #ddh acres2 ,orange1 #hfe acres2 ,ul/]1 #djba acres2 total1 #faii acres4 ,beside ! above !re are1 ( c\rse1 "s scatt]+ v9ey>ds4 ,!re are only two or ?ree w9e-cell>s 9 ! di/rict & probably #ie p] ct4 ( ! product ( ! v9ey>ds is sold = table grapes or to ^? :o make w9e 9 small quantities4 ,! grape l&s ( ! ,hudson ,riv] ,valley are f\nd v l>gely 9 ! geological division kn[n z ! ,taconic ,prov9ce4#aaa ,?is prov9ce is a broad valley :i* ext5ds f ,p5nsylvania across ,new ,j]sey1 tak+ 9 ,orange & p>ts ( ,ul/] & ,dut*ess & ,columbia ,c\nties1 !n pass+ out ( ! ,/ate4 ,! rocks 9 ?is geological division are %ales1 slates1 s*i/s1 & lime/ones2 & ! soil is d]iv$ f ^! rocks4 ,! grape l&s1 = mo/ "p1 are ^? 9 :i* !re is mu* %ale or slate & 9 m or less co>se fragm5ts1 ! f9] p>ticles be+ clay or gravelly loams4 ,! di/rict is m or less hilly1 "s ( ! v9ey>ds be+ 9 valleys ( a few acres ext5t1 o!rs 9 broad1 g5tly undulat+ pla9s & /ill o!rs on comp>atively /eep hillsides4 ,! climate ( ! ,hudson ,valley *anges rapidly z "o goes up ! ,riv] because ( ! div]sity ( its physical features & ! wide v>iety ( atmosph]ic influ5ces to :i* x is subject4 ,9 ! "p ( ! ,valley 9 :i* grapes are gr[n ! summ] temp]ature is high ow+ to ! position betwe5 ranges ( m\nta9s & to ! s\!rly w9ds :i* prevail at ?is season4 ,9 ! w9t] ! w9ds are nor!rly & ! temp]ature is (t5 l[ mak+ ! culture ( t5d] grapes haz>d\s4 ,! influ5ce ( ! riv]1 really a broad e/u>y 9 ! grape regions1 at all seasons is mo/ favorable = fruit-gr[+4 ,! l[l&s ( ! ,hudson ,valley receive a some:at small am\nt ( ra9fall z comp>$ ) ! re/ ( ,new ,york because :5 moi/ure is be+ c>ri$ inl& f ! ,atlantic x is l>gely precipitat$ by ! m\nta9s & highl&s ( ,new ,engl&4 ,?is is favorable to grape-gr[+4 ,ano!r desirable feature ( ! ra9fall ( ?is ,valley is t ! maximum summ] d[nfall is 9 ,july :]eas 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,/ate x is 9 ,septemb] or ,octob]4 ,?is relatively light ra9fall 9 ! matur+ mon?s is m m>k$ 9 ?is ?an 9 any o!r ( ! grape di/ricts ( ! ,/ate4 ,! record$ hi/ory ( comm]cial viticulture dates back to #ahbg :5 ,mr4 ,rob]t ,und]hill & 8 two sons1 ,r4 ,t4 & ,w4 ,a4 ,und]hill1 plant$ a v9ey>d ( ,catawba & ,isabella at ,croton ,po9t :i* ev5tually cov]$ sev5ty-five acres4 ,= "s ye>s ?is v9ey>d practically suppli$ ! l>ge m>kets ( ! region ) grapes4 ,9 #ahbi1 ,rufus ,b>rett ( ,new ,paltz1 began %ipp+ ,isabella grapes 9 small quantities to ! ,new ,york m>ket4 ,b>rett liv$ 9 a settlem5t ( ,fr5* ,hugu5ots1 :o aft] hav+ exp]im5t$ m or less ) ,european sorts1 e>ly 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury began plant+ native v>ieties4 ,x is probable t ,b>rett obta9$ 8 inspiration = plant+ & k ( v9e-gr[+ f ^! ,fr5*m54 ,9 #ahcg a ,fr5* v9tn]1 ,john ,jacques1 set out a v9ey>d = w9e-mak+ at ,wa%+tonville1 ,orange ,c\nty4 ,! v>ieties set 7 ,catawba & ,isabella1 pur*as$ f ,pr9ce ( ,long ,isl&4 ,"s ( ^! v9es are /ill liv+1 vigor\s & ?rifty at ?ree score ye>s & t54 ,! orig9al plantation consi/$ ( b a half acre b 9 #ahch ?is 0 increas$ to t5 acres4 ,?is is probably ! olde/ v9ey>d ( native grapes 9 ,new ,york4 ,! ?ird ye> f ! plant+ ( ?is v9ey>d w9e 0 made1 & has be5 made at ,wa%+tonville ev] s9ce1 s t ?is community may claim ! olde/ w9]y z well z ! olde/ v9ey>d 9 ! ,/ate4#aab ,william ,t4 ,cornell plant$ a v9ey>d ( ,isabellas ne> ,cl9tonville1 ,ul/] ,c\nty1 9 ! ye> #ahde4 ,mrs4 ,cornell & ,mrs4 ,william ,a4 ,und]hill 7 si/]s1 s t ,cornell's v9es came f ,croton ,po9t4 ,a4 ,j4 ,caywood1 ( ,m>lboro1 0 a bro!r-9-law ( ,mr4 ,cornell4 ,?us ! inspiration ( ?is not$ viticulturi/ to plant grapes1 & to orig9ate new sorts1 may be trac$ directly back to ! ,fr5*man1 ,p>m5ti]1 :o1 z we h se51 furni%$ ! ,und]hills ) _! v9es & gave !m in/ructions = _! c>e4 ,! ,catawba & ,isabella 7 gr[n almo/ entirely until ! introduction ( ! ,delaw>e & ,concord1 aft] :i* ! fir/ nam$ sorts dropp$ out entirely1 be+ subject to mildew & rip5+ late 9 ! season4 ,! ,valley ( ! ,hudson has m reason to be call$ ! bir?place ( ,am]ican viticulture ?an any o!r ( ! grape-gr[+ di/ricts ( ! c\ntry4 ,! grape & w9e indu/ries1 z we h se51 7 e>ly />t$ "h4 ,pr9ce's ,l9nan ,g>d5 at ! m\? ( ! ,valley 0 ! fir/ di/ribut+ ag5cy = ,am]ican grapes4 ,its own]s did m ?an di/ribute grapes1 !y di/ribut$ k & tra9$ m54 ,a4 ,j4 ,caywood ( ,m>lboro1 ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts ( ,newburgh1 ,/eph5 ,und]hill at ,croton ,po9t1 ,dr4 ,a4 ,k4 ,und]hill at ,*>lton1 ,dr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,grant at ,iona1 ,w4 ,d4 ,b>ns ( ,middlehope1 ,dr4 ,william ,m4 ,culburt ( ,newburgh1 7 notable e>ly orig9ators & exp]im5t]s ) grapes & f _! v9ey>ds h come "s ( ! be/ ( our native v>ieties4 ,kniff91 ! ,d[n+s1 & ,buel are o!r famili> names 9 viticulture & horticulture ( ^? :o liv$ on ! ,hudson & :o h help$ to inve/ ! region ) s5tim5t & ) int]e/ = ! grape gr[]4 ,! numb] ( v>ieties gr[n 9 ?is region is f> great] ?an 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,/ate2 z w\ld be expect$ f its hav+ be5 ! bir?place ( s _m & f its ne>ness to l>ge m>kets :]e fancy sorts c be dispos$ ( to advantage4 ,! ,concord leads 9 acreage foll[$ 9 ord] ( acreage by ,delaw>e1 ,niag>a1 ,word51 ,moore ,e>ly1 ,bac*us1 ,pockl+ton1 ,campbell ,e>ly1 ,h>t=d & ,v]g5nes aft] :i* come a great numb] ( less well-kn[n sorts gr[n 9 acre or less quantities4 ,! value ( ! crop 9 ?is di/rict 9 #aijj 0 #bih1cej4 ,dur+ ! e>ly ye>s ( grape-gr[+ along ! ,hudson ! me?ods ( tra9+ 7 ess5tially ^? us$ 9 ,europe4 ,! v9es 7 kept well head$ back & 7 tra9$ to /akes ( v>y+ heights4 ,x did n take long to discov] t = our native grapes ! v9es mu/ be s tra9$ z to give ! fruit & foliage ! greate/ possible am\nt ( sun%9e2 to regulate ! be>+ wood2 to p]mit !m to be> j s mu* & no m fruit2 & to control ! height ( ! ma9 trunk4 ,soon di/9ctive sy/ems = native grapes arose & "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ^! orig9at$ ) ,william ,kniff9 ( ,ul/] ,c\nty4 ,?is sy/em /ill be>s 8 "n & is mo/ g5]ally us$ ei!r z x 0 fir/ practic$ or 9 "s ( its modifications4 ,9 ! ,kniff9 sy/em1 & its modifications1 ! trunk is c>ri$ to ! top wire & ! be>+ %oots are all[$ to droop2 = ?is reason ?is me?od ( tra9+ is (t5 call$ ! droop+ sy/em 9 contra-di/9ction to ! upright sy/ems hi!rto m5tion$ 9 :i* ! be>+ %oots are ti$ to wires above ! canes f :i* !y gr[4 ,! ,hudson ,valley gr[]s claim t ! ,kniff9 sy/em is especially desirable = ! /rong gr[+ sorts l ,concord1 ,word51 & ,niag>a b admit t = ! sl5d] %ort] gr[+ k9ds l ,delaw>e & ,catawba ! upright sy/em is be/4 ,z is always ! case :5 fruit is gr[n ne> to ! m>ket 9 :i* x is sold1 !re is little uni=mity 9 ! packages 9 :i* x is %ipp$ & ! mann] 9 :i* ! fruit is pack$4 ,mo/ ( ! fruit f ! v9ey>ds along ! ,hudson goes to m>ket 9 climax baskets ( ! two /&>d sizes4 ,"s ( ! gr[]s pack two1 or ev5 ?ree v>ieties1 9 "o package = ! purpose ( giv+ a range 9 color & quality4 ,! %ipp+ facilities along ! riv] are unexcell$4 ,mo/ ( ! grapes g by boat d[n ! ,hudson to ,new ,york ,city4 ,9 ?is case ! fruit is load$ late 9 ! ev5+ & rea*es its de/9ation e>ly ! next morn+4 ,! rail connections to ,new ,engl& cities are good & l>ge %ipm5ts g ea/w>d by rail :ile small] quantities g inl& & s\?4 ,! fruit is n m>ket$ ?r\gh unions nor has co-op]ative sell+ be5 tri$1 ! ne>ness to m>ket obviat+ ! necessity ( co-op]ation4 ,! insect pe/s 9 ?is di/rict are nei!r num]\s nor p>ticul>ly de/ructive1 ! grape leaf-hopp] & ! grape-v9e flea-beetle be+ mo/ common4 ,spray+ = insects is n g5]ally practic$4 ,on ! o!r h& ! fungus tr\bles are s]i\s1 ! black-rot hav+ be5 especially de/ructive 9 "s sections4 ,! o!r diseases are mu* ! same z 9 ! di/ricts discuss$4 ,:ile all ( ! fungi ( ! di/rict are am5able to treatm5t yet spray+ has n be5 g5]ally practic$ nor h ! v9es be5 kept z vigor\s & heal?y ?r\gh cultivation & f]tilization z to )/& ! attacks ( ! sev]al fungi4 ,! decreas$ acreage ( grapes along ! ,hudson dur+ ! pa/ decade or two is due 9 "s measure to ! fact t ! grape diseases h n be5 controll$4 ,) bett] k ( ! life-habits ( ! insects & fungi :i* attack v9ey>ds1 & means ( combatt+ ^! pe/s1 viticulture %\ld rega9 ! pre/ige x once held 9 ! ,hudson ,valley4 ,,! ,,niag>a ,,di/rict4 ,! ,niag>a di/rict1 ! smalle/ ( ! sev]al grape areas ( ! ,/ate1 lies along ! ,niag>a riv] & ! s\!rn %ore ( ,lake ,ont>io4 ,9 x are ab\t #dgjj acres di/ribut$ 9 c\nties z foll[s3 ,erie1 #bajj2 ,niag>a1 #abej2 ,orleans1 #cge2 ,monroe1 #gjj2 ,wayne1 #chj4 ,9 ! s\!rn "p ( ,erie ,c\nty ! v9ey>ds are gr[n "u conditions v simil> to ^? we h describ$ 9 ! ,*autauqua di/rict2 ! treatm5t giv5 is mu* ! same2 ! grapes are m>ket$ z are ^? 9 ! di/rict to ! s\? & we/2 & ! ,concord1 z 9 ! l>g] di/rict1 is ! v>iety mo/ l>gely gr[n4 ,b conditions 9 ! nor!rn & ea/]n "p ( ! c\nty m ne>ly approa* ^? along ,niag>a riv] & ! ,ont>io %ore s t ! c\nty is includ$ 9 ! ,niag>a di/rict4 ,9 ,niag>a1 ,orleans1 ,monroe1 & ,wayne ,c\nties ! grape l&s are 9 :at is kn[n z ! ,ont>io pla94 ,?is pla9 has = its we/]n b\nd>y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,niag>a ,riv]2 = its nor!rn b\nd>y ,lake ,ont>io2 to ! s\? !re is a high esc>pm5t1 ! ,niag>a esc>pm5t1 or ! m\nta91 sep>at+ ! ,ont>io pla9 f ! ,erie pla9 :i* is an ea/w>d ext5sion ( ! l[ pla9 on ! s\? %ore ( ,lake ,erie4 ,! ,niag>a esc>pm5t may be se5 well at ,lewi/on f :i* po9t x /ret*es ea/w>d t[>d ,lockport & we/w>d into ,ont>io4 ,! esc>pm5t may be trac$ to ! ea/]n end ( ,lake ,ont>io :]e x disappe>s & ! ,erie & ,ont>io pla9s m]ge into "o4 ,9 ! grape-gr[+ c\nties ! ,ont>io pla9 v>ies f f\r to n9e miles 9 wid?4 ,! pla9 is m or less roll+ ?r\gh\t its entire l5g?2 b 9 few places are ! hills too /eep = fruit-gr[+4 ,! soils are s&y1 gravelly1 or clay loams v>y+ greatly 9 f]tility & 9 adaptability = ! grape4 ,9 p>ts ( ! di/rict ! soils are /ony & %aly4 ,!y belong1 s f> z !y h be5 /udi$1 to ! ,dunkirk s]ies & are !re=e q simil> to ^? ( ! ,*autauqua di/rict4 ,! climate1 too1 is mu* l t ( ! ,*autauqua di/rict4 ,! av]age midw9t] temp]ature is comp>atively high2 ! summ] temp]ature is equable2 & ! precipitation ( ra9 & dew light z comp>$ ) inl& areas4 ,! influ5ce ( ! esc>pm5t is n s m>k$ 9 ! ,niag>a di/rict z 9 ! ,*autauqua belt4 ,a rem>kable feature ( ! climate ( ?is di/rict is t kill+ fro/s r>ely occur be=e ! close ( ,octob]1 giv+ a long matur+ & h>ve/+ season = ! grape4 ,9 ! w9t] ! daily range ( temp]ature is small ow+ n only to ! influ5ce ( ! wat] b to ! fact z well t ?is season is a p]iod ( great cl\d9ess = ! region4 ,9 ,erie ,c\nty mu* ( ! product ( ! s\!rn "p is m>ket$ ) t ( ,*autauqua ,c\nty b to ! nor?1 ,buffalo makes a spl5did local m>ket4 ,sev]al v>ieties are gr[n = ! home m>ket b *iefly ! ,concord & ! ,niag>a4 ,^! are pack$ 9 ! v>i\s /yles ( climax baskets & 9 slatt$ crates--! latt] = ! home mak+ ( w9e4 ,! fruit is c>t$ to ! m>ket by ! gr[]1 or pur*as$ 9 ! field1 9 ! case ( w9e-mak+1 by ! consum]4 ,niag>a ,c\nty is ! home ( ! ,niag>a grape & ?is v>iety is gr[n "h almo/ exclusively4 ,! product is sold v l>gely by ! gr[] 9 ! op5 m>kets ( ,buffalo & ,niag>a ,falls & is pack$ 9 ! sev]al sizes ( climax baskets4 ,9 ! c\nties to ! ea/ ( ,niag>a ! product1 almo/ exclusively ,niag>as1 is sold at ,ro*e/] or neighbor+ t[ns or %ipp$ to ! l>ge ea/]n cities4 ,mu* ( ?is fruit is sold ?r\gh ! ,niag>a ,grape ,m>ket ,company1 a co-op]ative union1 ) headqu>t]s at ,lockport1 ,new ,york4 ,! ,niag>a region is ! newe/ ( ! grape di/ricts ( ! ,/ate4 ,!re 7 few plant+s along ! %ore ( ,ont>io until #ahhf :5 ! ,niag>a grape 0 introduc$ & v9ey>ds 7 put out 9 consid]able numb]s ?r\gh\t ! :ole ext5t ( ! di/rict foll[$ by /ill heavi] plant+s dur+ ! succe$+ sev]al ye>s4 ,x 0 soon demon/rat$ t ! region 0 well adapt$ to grape-gr[+ & especially = ! ,niag>a grape b t !re 7 _m soils & locations :olly unsuitable = v9ey>ds4 ,consequ5tly dur+ ! ye>s t foll[$ ! be>+ ( ! fir/ grapes1 _m v9ey>ds h be5 ab&on$ s t !re are n[ sc>cely z _m acres z at ! close ( ! fir/ p]iod ( expansion ab\t #aijj4 ,! insect & fungus pe/s are mu* ! same z 9 ! ,*autauqua di/rict ?\gh ! dread$ grape-v9e fidia is n yet ne>ly s common1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! black-rot is f> m de/ructive1 probably because ! ,niag>a grape is v susceptible to ?is fungus4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,species ,,( ,,am]ican ,,grapes4 ,,! ,,g5us ,,vitis4 ,! g5us ,vitis 0 =m$ & nam$ by ,t\rne=t1#aac a ,fr5* botani/1 m ?an two hundr$ ye>s ago4 ,9 8 "w1 ,in/itutiones ,rei ,h]b>iae1 publi%$ 9 ,p>is 9 #agjj1 he gives ! foll[+ description ( ?is g5us3 ,! ,vitis is a g5us ( plant ) a 7,a7 fl[] %ap$ l a rose1 ) _m petals plac$ uni=mly 9 a circle1 out ( ! middle ( :i* arises ! pi/il 7,b71 ) /am5s press$ toge!r 7,c71 ! fl[] 7,d1,e1,f7 folds upw>d2 ! pi/il develops into an edible b]ry 7,e71 fle%y1 full ( juice1 & usually ) f\r se$s 7,h1,i71 ! se$s are pe>-%ap$ 7,k74 ,! capital lett]s 9 ! p>5!ses ref] to illu/rations4 ,^! indicate t ,t\rne=t _h a v cle> conception ( ! fl[]+ p>ts ( a grape4 ,he gives tw5ty-"o species "u ?is g5us ( :i* n9e are ,am]ican1 "o1 h[ev]1 be+ our ,virg9ia creep]4 ,t\rne=t's "w is all v indef9ite2 o!rs ( ! species ?an ^? cr$it$ to ,am]ica may be ,am]ican1 & x is q possible t ( ! n9e "s w\ld n be class$ among ! grapes to-day4 ,ea* species is cr$it$ to "s previ\s botani/ & x is evid5t t ,t\rne=t 0 a compil] r ?an an orig9al work] ) grapes4 ,! next botani/ :o contribut$ to our k ( ?is g5us 0 ,l9naeus1 ! great ,sw$i% sy/emati/1 :o1 9 8 ,g5]a ,plant>um1 #aged1 gives ! foll[+ description ( ! fl[] 7,l ,t\rne=t's1 ,l9naeus' book is writt5 9 ,lat9 & ! extracts "h giv5 are free translations73 ,calyx4 ,five-too!d1 small4 ,corolla4 ,petals five1 rudim5t>y1 small1 caduc\s4 ,/am5s4 ,filam5ts five1 subulate1 erect1 spread+1 caduc\s1 an!rs simple4 ,pi/il4 ,ov>y egg-%ap$1 /yle none1 /igma obtuse head$4 ,p]ic>p4 ,b]ry ne>ly r\nd1 l>ge1 "o cell4 ,se$s4 ,five1 plump1 t]m9ate cordate1 base contract$1 p>tially divid$ into two cells4 ,l9naeus 9 8 ,species ,plant>um ( #agec1 gives sev5 species z belong+ to ?is g5us1 ?ree ( :i* are cr$it$ to ,am]ica4 ,"o1 h[ev]1 ,vitis arborea1 is n class$ among ! grapes by pres5t-day botani/s4 ,m>%all1#aad ! fir/ ,am]ican botani/ we h to consid]1 = nei!r ,t\rne=t nor ,l9naeus _h ev] be5 on ?is cont95t1 9 8 ,arbu/rum ,am]icanum1 #aghe1 describes ! g5us ,vitis 9 t]ms s ne>ly id5tical ) ^? ( ,l9naeus z to lead "o to suspect t x is m]ely a translation f ! ,g5]a ,plant>um4 ,m>%all gives five species4 ,"o ( ^! is c]ta9ly n a grape & "o o!r is indet]m9ate4 ,?omas ,walt]1#aae 9 8 ,flora ,c>ol9iana1 #aghh1 gives a brief description ( ! g5us v simil> to ! =ego+ b he also speaks ( ! mascul9e & fem99e =ms ( ! fl[]s1 a po9t t does n seem to h be5 notic$ by any botani/ ( an e>li] date4 ,he speaks ( ! corolla adh]+ at ! top & com+ (f z a cap1 "o ( ! di/+ui%+ *>act]s ( ,vitis4 ,?is latt] po9t _h1 h[ev]1 be5 not$ by ,t\rne=t1 & 8 figures %[ t ?is is :at he means :5 he speaks ( ! fl[] z fold+ upw>d4 ,t\rne=t1 h[ev]1 seems to h be5 "u ! mi/ak5 impression t ,ampelopsis 7,ampelopsis qu9quifolia ,mi*x4 is our common ,am]ican =m7 op5s its fl[]s 9 ! same way1 z he includes ?is "u ,vitis4 ,walt] gives only ?ree species & 8 descriptions ( ^! are v brief4 ,! fir/ ,european botani/ :o made an ext5sive /udy ( ,am]ican plants 9 _! habitats 0 ,&r ,mi*aux1 a ,fr5* botani/ :o travel$ ext5sively 9 ,nor? ,am]ica at ab\t ! close ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,9 8 ,flora ,boreali-,am]icana1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #ahjc1 he gives a brief g5]ic description ( ,vitis :i* includes all ( ! ess5tial *>act]s giv5 by ,walt]4 ,he also que/ions ! male & female *>act]s m5tion$ by ,walt]4#aaf ,mi*aux m5tions five species ( ! ,am]ican grapes4 ,8 descriptions are cle> & e species describ$ c readily be recogniz$ s t !re is no "q among botani/s z to :at species 0 meant 9 any in/ance4 ,an int]e/+ contribution to our k ( ! grapes ( ,nor? ,am]ica is t ( ,william ,b>tram4#aag ,b>tram's opportunities = becom+ famili> ) ^! plants 7 probably great] ?an ^? ( any o!r p]son ( 8 day1 he be+ a resid5t ( ,am]ica1 & 8 fa!r hav+ be5 a botani/1 s t he 0 tra9$ f *ildhood to obs]ve plants4 ,! foll[+ is an extract f an article ( ,b>tram's 9 ! ,dome/ic ,encyclop$ia1 #ahjd3 ,! mo/ obvi\s *>act]s :i* di/+ui% ! grape v9es ( ,am]ica f ^? ( ! old cont95t are3 #a4 ,! b]ries ( all ! ,am]ican species & v>ieties t ,i h se51 approa* ! figure ( an oblate sph]oid2 t is1 ! poles are flatt5$1 & ! transv]se diamet] is long] ?an ! pol>3 h[ev]1 ,i h obs]v$ t ,alex&]'s grape1 & "s ( ! bul or bullet grapes1 approa* ne>] to an oval or ellipsis :i* is ! figure ( all =eign or ,european grapes t ,i h se52 viz4 a prolate sph]oid4 #b4 ,mo/ ( ! ,am]ican species & v>ieties h a glauc\s & yell[i% pubesc5ce on ! "u surface ( _! leaves4 #c4 ,all t ,i h obs]v$ 9 ! nor!rn & ea/]n di/ricts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are polygam\s2 i4 e4 ^? v9es :i* be> fruit 7female7 h h]maphrodite fl[]s 7p5t&ria monogynia72 b ! males h only five /am9a1 )\t any female organ1 & are always b>r54 ,"o %\ld suppose1 f ,,walt] s /rongly m>k+ ?is "* z to induce him to place ! ,vitis 9 ! class ,dioecia1 :5 ,l9naeus & ! o!r ,european botani/s _h plac$ x 9 ,p5t&ria 7he himself be+ an ,european71 t all ! grape v9es ( ! old cont95t are h]maphrodit\s & ,p5t&rian4 ,i "k n f my own obs]vation1 :e!r ! bull-grape ( ,c>ol9a is h]maphrodit\s or dioeci\s1 & !re=e re/ satisfi$ ) ,,walt]',s ass]tion4 ,b>tram gives f\r species4 ,nuttall1#aah 9 8 ,g5]a ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,plants & ,catalogue ( ! ,species1 gives a r /]eotyp$ description ( ! g5us b 9 addition 9 f9e type he gives ! foll[+3 ,leaf simple & cordate1 angul>ly or s9uately lob$1 r>ely digitate or p9nate 7,cissus871 fl[]s num]\s1 9 comp\nd racemes1 n uncommonly produc+ #d1 #f & #g petals1 ) a correspond+ numb] ( /am5s1 calix mo/ly entire1 or obsoletely cr5ate1 a gl&ul\s disk surr\nd+ ! g]m2 t5dril di*otom\s1 sometimes produc+ fl[]s1 !re=e analog\s to a /]ile raceme4 ,x is evid5t t ,nuttall 0 9 d\bt z to ! di/+ui%+ *>act]s betwe5 ,vitis & ! alli$ g5us1 ,cissus4 ,:ile he has ! species ( ! two g5]a 9 ! same position !y w\ld n[ be plac$1 8 ref]5ce to p9nate-leav$ species is some:at mislead+ z no p9nate-leav$ species are kn[n to-day 9 ei!r ,europe or ,am]ica4 ,he uses1 h[ev]1 ! di/+ui%+ "* betwe5 ^! two g5]a t we n[ accept1 t is1 ,vitis has petals t adh]e at ! tops & come (f 9 ! =m ( a cap or calyptrum1 :ile 9 ,cissus ! corolla does n fall (f z a cap4 ,nuttall m5tions six species z belong+ to ?is g5us3 ,vitis labrusca1 ,v4 ae/ivalis1 ,v4 cordifolia1 ,v4 rip>ia1 ,v4 rotundifolia1 & ,v4 palmata1 ) a "q m>k aft] ! la/ species4 ,none is describ$4 ,8 "w is app>5tly a discrim9at+ compilation ( ! "w ( e>li] botani/s4 ,_m o!r botanical work]s wrote on ?is g5us dur+ ! p]iod cov]$ & "s ( !m did v valuable "w 9 describ+ ! v>i\s species b _! "w has n be5 ref]r$ to because x did n add to ! k ( ! g5us z a :ole4 ,! fir/ man to write a monograph on ,am]ican grapes 0 ,raf9esque1#aai :o publi%$ 9 #ahcj a pap] b\nd volume entitl$ ,am]ican ,manual ( ! ,grape ,v9e1 etc4 ,raf9esque1 :o 0 long a resid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 _h an opportunity to acquire k on ! subject ^u :i* he wrote second to none o!r4 ,8 description ( ! g5us is simil> to t ( 8 pr$ecessors & v good2 b "h all simil>ity ends & practically all value4 ,aft] hav+ made =ty-"o species1 ! great] portion ( :i* h names giv5 by himself1 he says3 ,by ! above enum]ation ( our ,grapes ,i h done = ?is g5us :at ,mi*aux did = our ,oaks4 ,ow+ to ! great confusion ( =m] au?ors1 & ! difficulty ( comp>+ ! leaves & fruits ( all ! species1 x is h>dly z p]fect z ,i %\ld wi%4 ,rigid botani/s may p]haps wi% to r$uce ?is species to a m9or numb] or consid] "s z hybrids3 if !y c f9d good p]man5t collective *>act]s1 let !m r$uce our ,grapes & ,oaks to a doz5 species4 ,b ! angul> or /riat$ bran*es1 ! long or %ort petioles1 ! oval1 cordate or r5i=m leaves1 etc41 mu/ always be deem$ ess5tial specific *>act]s1 & sev]al ( my new species1 su* z ,v4 bracteata1 ,v4 angulata1 ,v4 peltata1 ,v4 can9a1 ,v4 bl&a1 ,v4 longifolia1 ,v4 ac]ifolia1 ,v4 am>a1 ,v4 prolif]a1 etc41 mu/ be deem$ v di/9ct4 ,none ( ^? ( :i* he says mu/ be deem$ ess5tial specific *>act]s is n[ s consid]$ & ! species :i* mu/ be deem$ v di/9ct are _m ( !m unrecogniz$ & none ( !m kn[n by ! "n :i* he gave4 ,le ,conte1 ab\t ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury1 did mu* "w 9 ! botany ( grapes1 publi%+ sev]al pap]s 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,academy ( ,natural ,sci5ces ( ,philadelphia4 ,^! 7 9 ! nature ( monographs al?\gh !y 7 n1 s f> z kn[n1 publi%$ sep>ately4 ,he gives twelve species g5]ally tak5 f o!r au?ors4 ,a little lat] ?an ,le ,conte1 ,engelmann ( ,/4 ,l\is1 gave 8 att5tion to ! g5us ,vitis1 cle>+ up a numb] ( disput$ po9ts4 ,8 "w 0 publi%$ 9 v>i\s reports & lat] 9 ! ,bu%b]g ,catalogue & ,grape ,manual4 ,engelmann's /udies are p>ticul>ly valuable 9 t he 0 ! fir/ botani/ work+ ) grapes :o liv$ 9 ! middle we/ & ! t]ritory ov] :i* he rang$ 9 8 botanical exp$itions 0 comp>atively virg94 ,?is 0 ab\t ! "t ( ! recon/itution ( ! ,fr5* v9ey>ds by ! use ( ,am]ican roots z /ocks on :i* to graft _! ,fr5* v9es to enable !m to resi/ phyllox]a4 ,_m ?\s& cutt+s & root$ v9es ( ,am]ican grapes 7 s5t to ,france annually = ?is purpose4 ,! value ( graft+ on resi/ant /ocks _h /imulat$ an int]e/ among ,fr5* sci5ti/s 9 grapes g5]ally & p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,am]ican species4 ,:ile _! aid 9 sep>at+ species 0 b slight1 ow+ to _! di/ance f ! field :]e ! plants 7 gr[+1 yet ! inve/igations ( ,plan*on1 ,mill>det1 & o!rs z to ! comp>ative value ( v>i\s *>act]s 9 sep>at+ species1 7 ( great importance4 ,^! inve/igations 7 utiliz$ by ,engelmann to a consid]able ext5t4 ,ow+ to its simplicity1 & some:at p]haps to ! place ( publication1 8 "w obta9$ favor among grape-gr[]s to a great] ext5t ?an t ( any ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,9 8 e>li] writ+s he gives six species b 9 ! la/ edition ( ! ,bu%b]g ,catalogue ?irte5 are enum]at$4 ,illu/ration3 #a4 ,v4 bicolor #b4 ,v4 cordifolia #c4 ,v4 rotundifolia #d4 ,v4 doaniana #e4 ,v4 longii #f4 ,v4 labrusca #g4 ,v4 rupe/ris #h4 ,v4 rip>ia #i4 ,v4 v9if]a #aj4 ,v4 ae/ivalis ,,canes ,,( ,,species ,,( ,,vitis ,%ortly aft] & p>tly co9cid5t ) ,engelmann1 ,munson1 ( ,texas1 made valuable contributions to our k ( ,am]ican grapes4 ,munson is1 :at none ( 8 pr$ecessors _h be51 a cultivator ( grapes & a bre$] ( new v>ieties z well z a botanical /ud5t ( ! subject4 ,! region 9 :i* he liv$ 0 comp>atively new to botani/s1 & x 0 p>tly1 p]haps1 on ?is acc\nt t he rais$ ! numb] ( species f ! ?irte5 giv5 by ,engelmann to tw5ty-five4 ,at ! pres5t "t x appe>s d\btful if all ( ^! w ultimately be giv5 specific rank4 ,_m ( !m und\bt$ly w1 & o!rs ( !m w be recogniz$ at lea/ z v>ieties4 ,munson is reg>d$ to-day z ! *ief au?ority on grapes ( ! semi-arid & m\nta9\s di/ricts ( ! ,we/ & is "o ( ! lead+ au?orities on ,am]ican viticulture4 ,! la/ man :o has paid special att5tion to ! grapes ( ,nor? ,am]ica is ,bailey1 ( ,cornell4 ,9 8 late/ classification he gives tw5ty-?ree species ( ,am]ican grapes4 ,bailey is ! only ,am]ican botani/ ( exp]i5ce & recogniz$ /&+ 9 g5]al botany :o has paid special att5tion to ! grape4 ,8 monograph ( ! g5us ,vitis :i*1 ) "s *anges1 has appe>$ successively 9 ,gray's ,synoptical ,flora1 ,! ,evolution ( ,our ,native ,fruits1 & ! ,cyclop$ia ( ,am]ican ,horticulture1 is ! mo/ complete "w we h on ?is subject4 ,) 8 p]mission we h foll[$ 8 arrangem5t ( species 9 ,! ,grapes ( ,new ,york4 ,) ?is brief hi/ory ( ! =mation ( ! g5us ,vitis z x n[ /&s we pass to a consid]ation ( ! botanical *>act]s ( ,vitis4 ,f ! "t :5 botani/s fir/ comm5c$ to "w on ! grape !re has be5 a con/ant se>* = taxonomic *>act]s = sep>at+ ! v>i\s species cle>ly & di/9ctly4 ,_m ( ! e>li] descriptions1 :ile !y are correct s f> z !y g1 d n m5tion en\gh *>act]s to enable "o to di/+ui% betwe5 simil> species4 ,x has be5 f\nd t dep5d5ce ^u ! %ape ( ! leaf1 size ( b]ry1 size ( plant1 date ( rip5+1 & simil> *>act]s1 is v unc]ta9 & unsatisfactory & t1 :ile ^! *>act]s are always m5tion$ 9 descriptions z indicat+ ! intr9sic value ( a species1 !y are ( little value f a sy/ematic /&po9t4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 sev]al *>act]s ( ,vitis :i* h great taxonomic importance4 ,"o ( ! fundam5tal *>act]s :i* det]m9e a species is cont9u\s or int]mitt5t t5drils1 fir/ notic$ by ,pr(essor ,a4 ,braun#abj ( ,b]l94 ,vitis labrusca1 ! common ,fox grape1 is peculi> 9 t !re are t5drils1 or an infloresc5ce1 opposite ne>ly e leaf2 ?is arrangem5t is kn[n z cont9u\s t5drils4 ,all o!r species h two leaves ) a t5dril opposite ea* & a ?ird leaf )\t a t5dril2 su* species are said to h int]mitt5t t5drils4 ,cont9uity ( t5drils is a v>iable "* & to asc]ta9 :i* ( ! two =ms is pres5t x is necess>y to h vigor\s1 heal?y1 typical canes4 ,! l[e/ leaves ( canes usually h no opposite t5drils4 ,?is "* is %[n 9 ! color-plates ( ! sev]al species4 ,a closely relat$ "* is t ( ! numb] ( infloresc5ces borne by a species4 ,all species except+ ,vitis labrusca av]age two infloresc5ces to ! cane b ! la/ nam$ species1 at lea/ 9 "s ( its subdivisions1 may be> f ?ree to six infloresc5ces1 ea* ( c\rse 9 ! place ( a t5dril opposite a leaf4 ,pr(essor ,mill>det ( ,bordeaux fir/ call$ att5tion to ! value ( t "p ( ! cane kn[n z ! diaphragm z a means ( di/+ui%+ species4 ,! cane ( ! grape v9e conta9s a l>ge pi?1 & 9 mo/ species ?is pi? is int]rupt$ by woody tissue at ! jo9ts2 ?is woody tissue is ! diaphragm4 ,! pres5ce or abs5ce ( ! diaphragm & its ?ickness are ( taxonomic value4 ,9 ,rotundifolia1 ! s\!rn ,fox grape1 ! diaphragm is abs5t2 9 ,rip>ia1 ! ,riv]bank grape1 x is v ?92 9 ,rupe/ris x is slightly ?ick]2 :ile ,cordifolia1 ,ae/ivalis1 & ,labrusca h ?ick diaphragms4 ,?is "* is /udi$ be/ 9 ! ye>-old canes ( ! grape4 ,! color-plate ( canes %[s ! range 9 ?ickness ( diaphragms z !y occur 9 sev]al species4 ,illu/ration3 ,v4 ,,rupe/ris ,v4 ,,rip>ia ,v4 ,,longii ,v4 ,,*amp9i ,v4 ,,labrusca ,v4 ,,v9if]a ,v4 ,,ae/ivalis ,,b\rqu9iana ,v4 ,,ae/ivalis ,,l9cecumii ,v4 ,,bicolor ,v4 ,,ae/ivalis ,v4 ,,b]l&i]i ,v4 ,,rotundifolia ,v4 ,,doaniana ,v4 ,,labr4 ,v4 ,,v94 ,v4 ,,labr4 ,x ,v4 ,,rip4 ,,se$s ,,( ,,species ,,( ,,vitis ,,natural ,,size ,,& ,,enl>g$ ,! "t ( fl[]+ is ( consid]able value 9 di/+ui%+ species4 ,un=tunately x requires live plants & a c]ta9 "t ( ye> 9 ord] t ?is "* be not$4 ,! fir/ ,am]ican species to fl[] is ,rip>ia4 ,rupe/ris fl[]s %ortly aft]2 next1 ,labrusca2 ,ae/ivalis a little lat]1 al?\gh ! ,l9cecumii v>iety ( ,ae/ivalis blooms slightly be=e ,labrusca2 ,cordifolia is v late 9 com+ into bloom1 & ,c9]ea /ill lat]4 ,v9if]a1 ! ,european grape1 blooms %ortly aft] ,labrusca4 ,! cultivat$ (fspr+ ( all wild grapes reta9 ! bloom+ *>act]s ( ! species f :i* !y are d]iv$4 ,o!r *>act]s t h be5 f\nd ( great value are ^? connect$ ) ! se$4 ,! ability to use ! se$ *>act]s1 h[ev]1 _c readily be acquir$ except by ! use ( an illu/rat$ manual & "s exp]i5ce 9 select+ ! se$s1 z !y are q v>iable on ! same plant4 ,! weight ( ! se$s diff]s 9 diff]5t species1 b v>ies s mu* inside ! species t x is n ( mu* value f a sy/ematic /&po9t4 ,9 g5]al1 x may be said t ! ,labruscas h ! l>ge/ & heavie/ se$ ( our ,am]ican grapes2 ,rip>ia has ! smalle/ se$1 ) ,ae/ivalis occupy+ an int]m$iate position4 ,! size ( ! se$s 9 ,ae/ivalis1 h[ev]1 is m noticeable on acc\nt ( ! small size ( ! fruit4 ,! color-plate illu/rates ! diff]5t *>act]s to be f\nd 9 grape se$s & a /udy ( ?is plate ) ! te*nical descriptions ( ! sev]al species w %[ h[ important se$s become 9 classify+ grapes4 ,att5tion is call$ to ! *>act]s giv5 by ,b>tram z di/+ui%+ ! ,european f ! ,am]ican species4 ,! fir/ diff]5ce t he m5tions is 9 ! %ape ( ! fruit1 t ( ! ,v9if]a be+ m or less oval & t ( ,am]ican species r\ndi% or oblate4 ,rec5t te*nical descriptions ( our ,am]ican species give ! fruit z sph]ical :]e ! %ape is m5tion$ at all4 ,on ! o!r h& x is kn[n t mo/ ( ! cultivat$ v>ieties ( ,european grapes are oval4 ,does ?is mean t all ( our cultivat$ ,am]ican v>ieties :i* %[ oval b]ries1 su* z ,isabella1 ,catawba1 & o!rs1 conta9 ,v9if]a blood8 ,x c\ld n be said )\t c>eful /udy t ?is is true b x is c]ta9ly wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,?is po9t seems to h escap$ ! att5tion ( our lat]-day botani/s4 ,! sexual /atus ( ! grape has always be5 a s\rce ( misund]/&+4 ,! e>li] botani/s spoke ( ,am]ican v9es z dioeci\s1 t is1 be>+ /am9ate & pi/illate fl[]s on sep>ate individuals4 ,9 ?is1 z 0 not$ on page #ih1 !y 7 correct$ by ,b>tram1 9 s f> z ,am]ican species 7 conc]n$1 he /at+ t ! v9es ( ,am]ica 7 polygam\s 7%[+ /am9ate & h]maphrodite plants74 ,b>tram did n presume to speak z to ! sex ( ! fl[]s ( ! ,old ,_w grape4 ,lat] x 0 det]m9$ t ! cultivat$ v>ieties ( ,europe 7 always h]maphrodite & t /am9ate =ms 7 unkn[n4 ,engelmann#aba expla9s ?is s well & ) su* app>5t satisfaction t we _c d bett] ?an quote him "h4 ,all ! true ,grape-v9es be> f]tile fl[]s on "o /ock & /]ile fl[]s on ano!r sep>ate /ock1 & are !re=e call$ polygam\s1 or1 n q correctly1 dioeci\s4 ,! /]ile plants d be> male fl[]s ) abortive pi/ils1 s t :ile !y nev] produce fruit !mselves1 !y may assi/ 9 f]tiliz+ ! o!rs2 ! f]tile fl[]s1 h[ev]1 are h]maphrodites conta9+ bo? organs--/am5s & pi/ils--& are capable ( rip5+ fruit )\t ! assi/ance ( ! male plants4 ,real female fl[]s )\t any /am5s d n seem ev] to h be5 obs]v$4 ,bo? =ms1 ! male & ! h]maphrodite1 or if pref]r$ ^? ) /]ile & ^? ) complete fl[]s1 are f\nd mix$ 9 _! native localities ( ! wild plants1 b ( c\rse only ! f]tile plants h be5 select$ = cultivation1 & ?us x happ5s t to ! cultivator only ^! are kn[n2 & z ! ,grape-v9e ( ! ,old ,_w has be5 9 cultivation = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 x has result$ t ?is h]maphrodite "* ( its fl[]s has be5 mi/ak5 = a botanical peculi>ity1 by :i* x 0 to be di/+ui%$1 n only f our ,am]ican ,grape-v9es1 b also f ! wild grapes ( ! old _w4 ,b plants rais$ f ! se$s ( ?is z well z any o!r true ,grape-v9e1 g5]ally furni% z _m /]ile z f]tile specim5s1 :ile ^? propagat$ by lay]+ or by cutt+s1 ( c\rse1 only cont9ue ! individual "* ( ! "m-plant or /ock4 ,! accompany+ plate %[s v>i\s =ms ( grape fl[]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fl[]s ,,( ,,vitis ,he fur!r says 9 a foot-note3 ,^! f]tile plants1 h[ev]1 are ( two k9ds2 "s are p]fect h]maphrodites1 ) long & /raight /am5s ar\nd ! pi/il1 ! o!rs be> small] /am5s1 %ort] ?an ! pi/il :i* soon b5d d[nw>d & curve "u x2 ^! may be call$ imp]fect h]maphrodites1 approa*+ females1 & !y d n seem to be z fruitful z ! p]fect h]maphrodites1 unless o!rwise f]tiliz$4 ,bea*#abb te/$ _m ( our cultivat$ v>ieties by sack+ ! clu/]s at bloom+ "t & ?us det]m9$ _! capacity to f]tilize !mselves4 ,f ! data ?us secur$ he divides !m into f\r classes3 #a/4 ,^? t are able to f]tilize !mselves s t ! clu/]s are p]fect or v>y+ f p]fect to some:at loose4 #b;d4 ,^? 9 :i* ! clu/]s are m>ketable1 v>y+ f mod]ately compact to loose4 #c;d4 ,clu/]s s loose z to be unm>ketable4 #d?4 ,^? :i* are self-/]ile or %[+ no fruit on cov]$ clu/]s4 ,( #afi v>ieties te/$1 he f\nd #ch belong+ to ! fir/ class1 #ff to ! second class1 #bh to ! ?ird1 & #cg to ! f\r?4 ,lat] x 0 f\nd t ! reason :y c]ta9 v>ieties 7 self-/]ile 0 on acc\nt ( impot5t & abortive poll51 ! p]c5tage ( abortive poll5 gra9s v>y+ ) diff]5t v>ieties & ?is p]c5tage det]m9+ ! degree ( self-/]ility4 ,! upright or depress$ /am5 is n an inv>iable crit]ion ( ! condition ( ! poll5 al?\gh x is usually4 ,!re are a few in/ances 9 :i* upright /am5s be> impot5t poll5 b ^! are v exceptional4 ,munson made simil> te/s ( v9es ( tw5ty-two#abc ,am]ican species ( v9es secur$ f _! habitats4 ,9 e case he f\nd t !y %[$ only two =ms1 ! /am9ate v9es & ! self-/]ile h]maphrodite1 no p]fect h]maphrodites be+ f\nd4 ,:ile ( "s ( ! species ! numb] ( v9es te/$ 0 a half doz5 or less1 9 mo/ in/ances _m v9es 7 te/$ f diff]5t places4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly int]e/+ 9 t x becomes a puzzle z to :]e our p]fectly h]maphrodite cultivat$ =ms c\ld h come f if su* =ms are n pres5t 9 ! wild v9es ( our woods & prairies4 ,! /ructure ( ! b>k is an important di/+ui%+ "* = "s species2 9 p>ticul> z to :e!r x peels (f & :e!r 9 l>ge flakes or 9 n>r[ /rips or %r$s4 ,s1 too1 ! color ( ! b>k is (t5 ( taxonomic importance4 ,! =m & color ( ! leaves are (t5 consid]$1 b ^! *>act]s are v>iable & may be mislead+4 ,! lob+ ( leaves is a fairly uni=m "* 9 mo/ species1 "s hav+ lob$ & o!rs hav+ entire leaves4 ,z to color & texture1 ! upp] surface ( ! leaf 9 "s species is smoo?1 glossy & %9+ & 9 o!rs r\gh & dull ) v>y+ %ades ( gre54 ,! l[] surfaces %[ simil> v>iations ) ! addition ( v>y+ conditions ( pubesc5ce & d[n or ev5 ( cobwebs4 ,9 "y se$l+s ! %ape & surfaces ( ! leaves are apt to be q diff]5t f ^? on ! old plants1 a "* ( sy/ematic importance ) "s species4 ,! fl[]1 z comp>$ ) ?is organ 9 o!r g5]a1 is ( little importance 9 di/+ui%+ ! species ( ,vitis1 !re be+ an unusual simil>ity 9 ! /ructure & appe>ance ( ! fl[]s ( ! sev]al species4 ,! numb] ( species ( ,vitis is v unc]ta92 z1 inde$1 is _! habitat1 except t !y are g5]ally conf9$ to ! temp]ate or subtropical regions4 ,"s writ]s give ! numb] z less ?an fifty b 9 all t]ritories ! numb] seems to dep5d on ! ?or\ghness ) :i* ! region has be5 work$ ov] botanically1 & also on ! judgm5t ( ! botani/ do+ ! "w4 ,gray recogniz$ f\r species z be+ indig5\s to ,am]ica4 ,engelmann 9 8 late/ publication 7,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahhc71 ?irte51 :ile ,munson gives tw5ty-five4 ,bailey 9 ,gray's ,synoptical ,flora1 gives tw5ty-?ree species4 ,plan*on 79 #ahhg7 gives tw5ty-eight species = ! _w4 ,sev5te5 ( ^! are cr$it$ to ,am]ica1 t5 to ,asia1 & "o1 ! ,v9if]a1 ( unkn[n nativity4 ,all ( ^! li/s1 h[ev]1 are kn[n to be incomplete4 ,bessey#abd says t ! grape is n native to ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 & ,plan*on cr$its none to any section s\? ( ! equator4 ,bailey cr$its two to ,au/ralia 9 a "w n int5d$ to cov] m ?an ^? ( ,am]ican int]e/4 ,& a correspond5t#abe f t cont95t writes u giv+ a li/ ( n9ete5 nam$ & botanically describ$ species indig5\s to ,au/ralia4 ,! numb] ( species ( grapes 9 ! _w dep5ds ^u ! arbitr>y limits set = a species & our k ( ! g5us is yet too meag] to set ^! limits ) c]ta9ty4 ,,species ,,( ,,am]ican ,,grapes4 ,,conspectus ,,( ,,nor? ,,am]ican ,,species ,,( ,,vitis4 ,a4 ,sk9 ( mature b]ry sep>at+ freely f ! pulp4 ,b4 ,nodes )\t diaphragms2 t5drils simple #a4 ,v4 rotundifolia4 #b4 ,v4 munsoniana4 ,b4,b4 ,nodes ) diaphragms2 t5drils =k$4 ,c4 ,leaves & %oots glabr\s at maturity & )\t bloom4 ,t5drils int]mitt5t 7,v4 c9]ea & ,v4 arizonica are p>tial exceptions & might be look$ = "u ,c4,c474 ,d4 ,leaves ?91 light1 bright gre51 g5]ally glabr\s bel[ at maturity except p]haps 9 ! axils ( ! ve9s 7,v4 *amp9i an exception7 ) a long or at lea/ a prom95t po9t & usually long & %>p tee? or ! edge ev5 jagg$4 7,v4 bicolor might be look$ = "h47 ,e4 ,leaves broad] ?an long2 petiol> s9us usually wide & %all[4 7,v4 treleasei might be s\ght "h47 #c4 ,v4 rupe/ris4 ,e4,e4 ,leaves ovate 9 outl9e2 petiol> s9us usually m$ium to n>r[4 ,f4 ,diaphragms ?92 "y %oots n r$4#d4 ,v4 monticola4 #e4 ,v4 rip>ia4 #f4 ,v4 treleasei4 #g4 ,v4 longii4 #h4 ,v4 *amp9i4 ,f4,f4 ,diaphragms ?ick2 "y %oots bright r$ #i4 ,v4 rubra4 ,d4,d4 ,leaves ?icki%1 dull color$ or grayi% gre51 (t5 hold+ "s close dull pubesc5ce bel[ at maturity1 %oots & leaves ne>ly always m or less pubesc5t :5 "y2 ! tee? mo/ly %ort2 ! po9t mo/ly rectangul> & conspicu\s4 ,e4 ,plants /rong1 climb+1 ) /\t p]si/5t t5drils4 ,f4 ,"y %oots cyl9drical1 glabr\s or v soon becom+ s #aj4 ,v4 cordifolia4 ,f4,f4 ,"y %oots angl$1 cov]$ ! fir/ ye> ) tom5tum or wool #aa4 ,v4 baileyana4 #ab4 ,v4 b]l&i]i4 #ac4 ,v4 c9]ea4 ,e4,e4 ,plants sc>cely climb+1 t5drils p]i%+ :5 )\t support #ad4 ,v4 arizonica4 ,d4,d4,d4 ,leaves orbicul>1 scallop %ap$2 species ( ! ,pacific ,coa/ #ae4 ,v4 cali=nica4 ,c4,c4 ,leaves ru/y or :ite tom5tose or glauc\s blue bel[1 ?ick or at lea/ firm4 7,v4 c9]ea1 ,v4 arizonica & possibly ,v4 cali=nica might be s\ght "h47 ,d4 ,leaves floccul5t or cobwebby or glauc\s bel[ :5 fully gr[n 7i4 e4 n cov]$ ) a ?ick d5se felt-l tom5tum except sometimes 9 ,v4 doaniana74 ,e4 ,%oots :ite tipp$2 ends ( ! gr[+ %oots & ! "u surface ( ! leaves :iti% or gray #af4 ,v4 girdiana4 #ag4 ,v4 doaniana4 ,e4,e4 ,%oots ru/y tipp$2 ! unfold+ leaves & 7except 9 ,v4 bicolor7 ! "y %oots di/9ctly f]rug9e\s2 mature leaves ei!r ru/y or blui% bel[ or sometimes becom+ gre5 9 ,v4 bicolor #ah4 ,v4 ae/ivalis4 #ai4 ,v4 bicolor4 #bj4 ,v4 c>iba4 ,d4,d4 ,leaves d5sely tom5tose or felt-l b5ea? ?r\gh\t ! season2 cov]+ :ite or ru/y :ite4 ,e4 ,t5drils int]mitt5t #ba4 ,v4 c&icans4 #bb4 ,v4 simpsoni4 ,e4,e4 ,t5drils mo/ly cont9u\s #bc4 ,v4 labrusca4 ,a4,a4 ,sk9 & pulp ( mature b]ry coh]+4 7,old ,_w7#bd4 ,v4 v9if]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%oot ,,( ,,vitis ,,rotundifolia #a4 ,,vitis ,,rotundifolia ,mi*x4#abf #a4 ,trans4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 #agga3cci4 #b4 ,mi*aux1 #b3bca4 #ahjc4 ,muscad9e grape4 #c4 ,b>tram1 ,dom4 ,enc41 #e3bhi1 #bij4 #ahjd4 ,v4 ,,taur9a2 ,v4 vulp9a2 ,bull grape4 #d4 ,muhl5b]g1 #ahac3bg4 ,v4 ,,v]rucosa2 ,v4 rotundifolia2 ,fox grape2 ,bull grape4 #e4 ,pur%1 #a3afi4 #ahad4 ,bull grape2 ,bullet grape4 #f4 ,nuttall1 #a3adc4 #ahah4 #g4 ,elliott1 #b3fhg4 #ahbd4 ,v4 vulp9a2 ,fox grape4 #h4 ,raf9esque1 #ahcj3af4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a2 ,v4 muscad9a2 ,v4 rotundifolia2 ,v4 incisa4 #i4 787 ,ib41 #ahcj3ag4 ,v4 ,,angulata2 ,arkansas2 ,bu%y grape2 ,currant grape2 ,false ,scupp]nong4 #aj4 ,ib41 #ahcj3ag4 ,v4 ,,v]rucosa2 ,w>ty grape4 #aa4 787 ,ib41 #ahcj3ag4 ,v4 ,,peltata2 ,v4 ,floridana4 #ab4 ,le ,conte1 ,proc4 ,phil4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 #f3bgc4 #ahec4 ,v4 vulp9a2 ,v4 ac]ifolia2 ,v4 angulata2 ,v4 v]rucosa2 ,bullace grape2 ,bull grape2 ,muscad9e2 ,scupp]nong4 #ac4 ,well]1 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahec3cjf4 ,,scupp]nong4 #ad4 ,le ,conte1 ,ib41 #aheg3bca4 ,v4 vulp9a2 ,v4 ac]ifolia2 ,v4 angulata2 ,v4 v]rucosa2 ,bullace grape2 ,bull grape2 ,muscad9e2 ,skupp]nong4 #ae4 ,:ite1 ,horticulturi/1 #ab3deg4 #aheg4 ,v4 vulp9a4 #af4 ,rav5el1 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahei3ech4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a2 ,v4 rotundifolia2 ,mu/ang2 ,bullace grape2 ,bullet grape2 ,bull grape4 #ag4 ,buckley1 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahfa3dhd4 ,muscad9e2 ,bullace4 #ah4 ,ko*1 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfh3ha4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a2 ,muscad9e2 ,s\!rn ,fox grape4 #ai4 ,saund]s1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfi3hc1 #he4 fig4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a2 ,bullace grape4 #bj4 ,wylie1 ,j\r4 ( ,hort41 #g3afd4 #ahgj4 ,,scupp]nong2 ,bullace4 #ba4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahga3aaf4 ,,scupp]nong4 #bb4 ,engelmann1 ,mo4 ,ent4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3fb4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a2 ,s\!rn ,fox grape2 ,bullace grape2 ,bullit grape2 ,muscad9e4 #bc4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aj1 #aa1 #ac1 #ad1 #ai4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a2 ,v4 rotundifolia2 ,s\!rn ,fox grape2 ,bullace grape2 ,bullit grape2 ,muscad9e4 #bd4 ,bu%1 ,ib41 #ahhc3bf4 ,v4 vulp9a4 #be4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ach4 ,v4 vulp9a2 ,scupp]nong2 ,muscad9e4 #bf4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ig4 ,scupp]nong2 ,muscad9e4 #bg4 ,ib41 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bh3adj4 #ahhf4 #bh4 ,plan*on1 ,de ,c&olle's ,mon4 ,phan41 #e3cfb4 #ahhg4 ,fox grape2 ,muscad9e2 ,bullace2 ,bullet grape2 ,v4 angulata2 ,v4 vulp9a84 #bi4 ,munson1 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,muscad9e4 #cj4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3ad4 #ahij4 #ca4 ,ib41 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd1 #dge4 #ahij4 ,muscad9e4 #cb4 ,woodwor?1 ,ark4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #c3ic4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a4 #cc4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3ffa4 #ahia4 #cd4 ,bailey1 ,ib41 #ad3cec4 #ahic4 ,scupp]nong4 #ce4 ,munson1 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3bj1 #bb1 #bi4 ,v4 vulp9a2 ,muscad9e2 ,s\!rn ,fox grape4 #cf4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbj4 #ahig4 ,muscad9e2 ,s\!rn ,fox grape2 ,bullace2 ,bullit2 ,bull grape4 #cg4 ,britton & ,br[n1 #b3daa4 #ahig4 ,v4 vulp9a2 ,s\!rn ,fox grape2 ,bullace grape4 #ch4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,g>d41 #bj3fhh4 #ahii4 #ci4 ,ib41 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bai1 #bcb1 #bcd1 #bda1 #bgb4 #aijj4 fig4 ,s\!rn ,muscad9e4 #dj4 ,e>le1 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3gd4 #aijj4 #da4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #dc1 #de4 #db4 ,newman1 ,s4 ,c4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #acb3a4 #aijg4 ,bullis4 ,v9e v>iable 9 vigor1 usually v vigor\s1 climb+ high1 sometimes1 :5 )\t support1 %rubby & only ?ree or f\r feet high2 :5 gr[+ 9 ! %ade (t5 s5d+ d[n a]ial roots4 ,wood h>d1 b>k smoo?1 n scal+ (f except 9 old age1 ) prom95t w>ty l5ticels2 %oots %ort-jo9t$1 angl$1 ) f9e scurfy pubesc5ce2 diaphragms abs5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 simple4 ,leaves bel[ m$ium 9 size1 broadly cordate or r\ndi%2 petiol> s9us r wide1 usually %all[2 m>g9 ) obtuse1 wide tee?2 n lob$2 d5se 9 texture1 r light gre5 color1 glabr\s above1 glabr\s or sometimes pubesc5t along ve9s bel[4 ,clu/] small 7#f-bd b]ries71 loose2 p$uncle %ort2 p$icels %ort1 r ?ick4 ,b]ries l>ge1 globul> or some:at oblate1 black or gre5i%-yell[2 sk9 usually ?ick1 t\gh1 & ) a musky odor2 pulp r t\gh2 rip5+ unev5ly & dropp+ z soon z ripe4 ,se$s two to f\r1 v l>ge to m$ium1 %ap$ some?+ l a c(fee-b]ry1 some:at flatt5$1 %all[ly & broadly not*$2 beak v %ort2 *alaza r n>r[1 slightly depress$ ) radiat+ ridges & furr[s2 raphe a n>r[ groove4 ,leaf+1 fl[]+ & rip5+ fruit v late4 7,see ,plate47 ,rotundifolia1 or ! s\!rn ,fox grape1 seems to h attract$ ! att5tion ( travel]s 9 ,am]ica f an e>ly p]iod4 ,! ref]5ces made 9 ! j\rnals ( ! explor]s ( colonial times c frequ5tly be recogniz$ z p]ta9+ to ?is species4 ,rotundifolia seems to h escap$ ! att5tion ( botani/s1 h[ev]1 until ! "t ( ,mi*aux1 :o nam$ & describ$ x4 ,possibly ! reason = its be+ ov]look$ 0 because ( ! supposition t ?is 0 ! species ,l9naeus _h describ$ "u ! "n ,vulp9a4#abg ,! unc]ta9ty z to :o fir/ describ$ ,rotundifolia creat$ a confusion t 0 n def9itely cle>$ up = ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s & 0 responsible = ! fact t half ! botani/s call$ x ,vitis rotundifolia & a ne>ly equal numb] ,vitis vulp9a4 ,raf9esque1 9 #ahcj1 describ$ "s ?ree or f\r species )9 ! b\nds ( :at is n[ kn[n z ,vitis rotundifolia4 ,none ( ^!1 h[ev]1 has be5 accept$ by lat] botani/s4 ,! habitat ( ?is species is s\!rn ,delaw>e1 we/ ?r\gh ,t5nessee1 s\!rn ,ill9ois1 s\!a/]n ,miss\ri1 ,arkansas 7except ! nor?we/]n portions71 to ,grayson ,c\nty1 ,texas1 z a nor!rn & we/]n b\nd>y1 to ! ,atlantic ,ocean & ! ,gulf on ! ea/ & s\?4 ,x becomes r>e z "o approa*es ! we/]n limit b is common 9 _m sections ( ! great region outl9$ above1 be+ mo/ abundant on s&y1 well-dra9$ bottom l&s & along riv] banks & 9 swamps1 ?ick woodl&s & ?ickets4 ,vitis rotundifolia has = ye>s be5 ! favorite grape 9 _m sections ( ! ,s\?4 ,?is is l>gely due1 no d\bt1 to ! fact t !y h be5 usually comp>$ ) ,labrusca or ,labrusca-,v9if]a v>ieties ( nor!rn orig9 :i* are n well adapt$ to s\!rn conditions4 ,) ! introduction ( native v>ieties ( bun* grapes#abh ( m]it1 ! s\!rn species may lose 9 popul>ity4 ,x mu/ be said1 consid]+ ! fact t s\!rn agricultural lit]ature has be5 fill$ ) recomm5dations ( ,rotundifolia grapes = ne>ly a c5tury1 t ! cultivation ( v>ieties ( ?is species is comp>atively limit$4 ,! climate mo/ suitable = ,rotundifolia is t 9 :i* cotton gr[s & x ?rives be/ 9 ! l[] portions ( ! cotton belt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,on acc\nt ( ! late rip5+ ( ! fruit x requires a long season4 ,v9es ( ,rotundifolia h be5 kn[n to )/& a w9t] temp]ature z l[ z #ab degrees bel[ z]o1 b "u ord9>y conditions ?is w\ld und\bt$ly be mu* too sev]e = mo/ ,rotundifolias4 ,!y d n suff] f ! effects ( hot summ]s b w n )/& dr\? & are n well adapt$ to semi-arid conditions4 ,all gr[]s ( v>ieties ( ?is species agree t x does be/ on light s&y or alluvial soils2 & :ile x may gr[ on r heavy clays1 if all o!r conditions are favorable1 its vigor w be less5$4 ,! fruit ( ,rotundifolia is v *>act]i/ic4 ,! sk9 is ?ick1 has a lea!ry appe>ance1 adh]es /rongly to ! und]ly+ fle%1 & is m>k$ ) l5ticel-l russet dots4 ,! fle% is m or less t\gh b ! t\ghness is n localiz$ ar\nd ! se$ z 9 ! case ( ,labrusca4 ,! fruit & mu/ ( all ! v>ieties ( ! species are *>act]iz$ by a /rong1 musky aroma & are lack+ 9 sug> & acid4 ,"s v>ieties yield ov] f\r gallons ( mu/ p] bu%el4 ,w9e-mak]s are divid$ 9 op9ion z to its value = w9e-mak+1 b at pres5t ! mo/ promis+ outlook = ,rotundifolia v>ieties is z w9e grapes4 ,rotundifolia does n produce fruit suitable = ! table *iefly because ! b]ries rip5 unev5ly & :5 ripe drop f ! clu/]4 ,! common me?od ( ga!r+ ! fruit ( ?is species is to %ake ! v9es at int]vals s t ! ripe b]ries w drop on %eets spread bel[ ! v9es4 ,! juice :i* exudes f ! po9t :]e ! /em is brok5 (f causes ! b]ries to become sme>$ & gives !m an unattractive appe>ance4 ,ow+1 h[ev]1 to ! t\gh sk91 ! b]ries d n crack z badly z o!r grapes w\ld "u ! same conditions b /ill !y are n adapt$ to long di/ance %ipm5ts4 ,"u reasonably favorable conditions ! v9es atta9 great age & great size1 & :5 gr[n on arbors1 z !y usually are1 & )\t prun+1 !y cov] a l>ge area4 ,! v9es are plant$ f fifte5 to =ty feet ap>t 9 ! v9ey>d1 & ! fir/ ye> or two are tra9$ to po/s4 ,lat] ! tops ( ^! po/s are connect$ by cross-b>s & an arbor is ?us =m$4 ,prun+ usually consi/s ( remov+ dead wood b a few gr[]s h always tak5 exception to ! cu/om>y non-prun+ me?od ( treat+ ! ,rotundifolia4 ,lately ,newman1 ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 has publi%$ a bullet9#abi 9 :i* he recomm5ds t ! v9es be prun$ & rais$ on a trellis z is cu/om>y ) o!r grapes4 ,he gives figures to %[ t ! damage to ,rotundifolia v9es is due to ! ble$+ t foll[s prun+ & t ?is ble$+ may be obviat$ by prun+ 9 ! fall or e>ly w9t]4 ,! success ( su* a practice w\ld und\bt$ly place ! culture ( ,rotundifolia v>ieties on a bett] comm]cial foot+4 ,rotundifolia is rem>kably resi/ant to ! attacks ( all insects & to fungal diseases4 ,! phyllox]a d n attack its roots & x is consid]$ z resi/ant z any o!r1 if n ! mo/ resi/ant ( all ,am]ican species4 ,x is gr[n f cutt+s only ) difficulty4 ,h[ev]1 "u favorable circum/ances1 & ) skilful h&l+1 ?is is a successful me?od ( propagation4 ,"u unfavorable circum/ances1 or :]e only a few v9es are desir$1 x is bett] to dep5d on lay]s4 ,z a /ock ^u :i* to graft o!r v9es ?is species has n be5 a success4 ,wylie f\nd great difficulty 9 cross+ ,rotundifolia ) o!r species1 & ! crosses did n ?rive "u cultivation4 ,lately ,munson has introduc$ sev]al ,rotundifolia hybrids4 #b4 ,,vitis ,,munsoniana ,simpson4 #a4 787 ,raf9esque1 #ahcj3ag4 ,v4 ,,peltata2 ,v4 ,floridana4 #b4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ig4 ,v4 ,,floridana2 ,florida grape4 #c4 ,ib41 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bh3adj4 #ahhf4 ,v4 ,,floridana2 ,v4 peltata2 ,florida grape4 #d4 ,ib41 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,ev]be>+ grape4 #e4 ,ib41 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd1 #dge4 #ahij4 #f4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3ad4 #ahij4 #g4 ,ib41 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic3aaf4 ,bird grape2 ,ev]be>+ grape4 #h4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3bj4 ,bird grape2 ,mu/ang grape ( ,*apman4 #i4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dba4 #ahig4 ,mu/ang grape ( ,florida2 ,bird grape2 ,ev]be>+ grape4 #aj4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bcb1 #bda4 #aijj4 ,florida ,bird grape4 #aa4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #de4 ,v9e n v vigor\s1 a sl5d] gr[]1 usually runn+ on ! gr\nd or ov] l[ bu%es4 ,canes slightly angul>2 int]nodes %ort2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 simple4 ,leaves small] & ?9n] ?an ,rotundifolia & r m circul> 9 outl9e2 n lob$2 tee? r op5 & spread+2 petiol> s9us ,v-%ap$2 bo? surfaces smoo?1 r light gre54 ,clu/] ) m b]ries b ab\t ! same size z ,rotundifolia4 ,b]ry "o-?ird to "o-half ! diamet]1 ) ?9n] & m t5d] sk92 black1 %9+2 pulp less solid1 m acid & )\t musk9ess4 ,se$s ab\t "o-half ! size ( ,rotundifolia1 simil> 9 o!r respects4 ,leaf+1 fl[]+1 & rip5+ fruit v late4 ,9 #ahcj ,raf9esque describ$1 "u ! "n ,vitis peltata1 or ,vitis floridana1 a v s+ul> species1 lately f\nd 9 ,florida4 ,?is description is brief & includes _m *>act]s ( no taxonomic value4 ,9 #ahhe or #ahhf1 ,mr4 ,j4,h4 ,simpson ( ,manatee1 ,florida1 s5t a specim5 ( a grape gr[+ 9 8 locality to ,munson :i* 0 tak5 to be ,raf9esque's ,vitis peltata4 ,he consequ5tly describ$ x "u ! "n ,vitis floridana b ! species 0 n g5]ally accept$4 ,lat] ,simpson gave x ! "n ,vitis munsoniana4 ,its habitat is c5tral & s\!rn ,florida & ! ,florida ,keys1 & x is said to be ! only grape gr[+ on ^! ,keys4 ,x ext5ds s\? ( ! habitat ( ,rotundifolia & bl5ds into ?is species at _! po9t ( meet+4 ,munsoniana appe>s to be a v>iation ( ,rotundifolia1 fitt$ to subtropical conditions4 ,x is t5d]1 n endur+ a l[] temp]ature ?an z]o4 ,9 ! matt] ( multiplication x diff]s f ,vitis rotundifolia 9 t x c be propagat$ readily f cutt+s4 ,l ,rotundifolia x is resi/ant to phyllox]a4 ,! species is ( no value horticulturally4 #c4 ,,vitis ,,rupe/ris ,s*eele4 #a4 ,s*eele1 ,l9n41 #ba3eia4 #ahdh4 #b4 ,rav5el1 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahei3eci4 ,m\nta9 grape ( ,texas4 #c4 ,buckley1 ,ib41 #ahfa3dhe4 ,rock grape4 #d4 ,pr9ce1 ,g>4 ,mon41 #e3gc4 #ahfc4 ,bu% grape ( ,texas4 #e4 ,engelmann1 ,mo4 ,ent4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3fa4 ,s& grape2 ,sug> grape4 #f4 ,jaeg]1 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3da4 #g4 ,engelmann1 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ad1 #ah4 ,rock grape2 ,s& grape2 ,sug> grape4 #h4 ,bu%1 ,ib41 #ahhc3ba1 #bf4 #i4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3acb4 ,s&-bea* grape2 ,sug> grape4 #aj4 ,campbell1 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3hd4 #aa4 ,munson1 ,ib41 #ahhe3ig1 #ih4 #ab4 ,ib41 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,sug> grape2 ,s& grape2 ,bea* grape4 #ac4 ,plan*on1 ,de ,c&olle's ,mon4 ,phan41 #e3cbc1 #cdf4 #ahhg4 ,s& grape2 ,sug> grape2 ,m\nta9 grape4 #ad4 ,munson1 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd4 #ahij4 #ae4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3g1 #i4 #ahij4 #af4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3fei4 #ahia4 #ag4 ,ib41 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic3aaf4 ,rock grape2 ,s& grape4 #ah4 ,munson1 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3bj1 #bb4 #ai4 ,husmann1 #ahie3aaj1 #ahh4 #bj4 ,britton & ,br[n1 #b3daa4 #ahig4 ,s& grape2 ,sug> grape4 #ba4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dba4 #ahig4 ,s& grape2 ,sug> grape2 ,rock grape2 ,bu% grape2 ,m\nta9 grape4 #bb4 ,bea*1 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecg1 #eeg4 #ahih4 #bc4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bcd1 #bce1 #bci1 #bei4 #aijj4 ,rock grape4 #bd4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #hb4 ,small1 mu* bran*$ %rub or sometimes1 "u favorable circum/ances1 slightly climb+4 ,diaphragm ?9 b slightly ?ick] ?an ,rip>ia2 t5drils few1 or1 if pres5t1 weak1 usually decidu\s4 ,leaves r small2 "y leaves frequ5tly fold$ on midrib2 broadly cordate or r5i=m1 wid] ?an long1 sc>cely ev] slightly lob$1 smoo?1 glabr\s on bo? surfaces at maturity2 petiol> s9us wide1 %all[2 m>g9 r co>sely too!d1 frequ5tly a %>p abrupt po9t at t]m9al4 ,clu/] small4 ,b]ries small1 usually l>g] ?an ,rip>ia1 color black or purple-black4 ,se$s small1 n not*$2 beak %ort1 r blunt2 raphe slightly di/9ct to indi/9ct1 usually %[+ z a n>r[ groove2 *alaza ( m$ium size1 pe>-%ap$1 sometimes di/9ct1 b usually a depression only4 ,leaf+1 blossom+1 & rip5+ e>ly 7blossom+ soon aft] ,rip>ia74 ,rupe/ris seems to h be5 fir/ describ$ & nam$ by ,s*eele 9 #ahdh 9 a contribution on ! flora ( ,texas to ! p]iodical ,l9naea4 ,rav5el1 9 #ahei1 /ates t ?is grape is f\nd 9 ,texas & is !re kn[n z ! ,m\nta9 grape4 ,x 0 m5tion$ & describ$ by ,buckley1 ,engelmann1 & all ( ! lat] botani/s4 7,see ,plate47 ,?is species is an inhabitant ( s\?we/]n ,texas1 ext5d+ ea/w>d & nor?w>d into ,new ,mexico1 s\!rn ,miss\ri1 ,indiana & ,t5nessee to s\!rn ,p5nsylvania & ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,its favorite places are gravelly banks & b>s ( m\nta9 /reams or ! rocky b$s ( dry wat]-c\rses4 ,rupe/ris is usually consid]$ dr\?-resi/ant b ,munson /ates t x is %ort-liv$ 9 ! upl& s&y soils 9 nor!rn ,texas1 :]e1 ow+ to long dr\ghts1 ! l& dries out deeply4 ,"h1 he says1 x is n s successfully resi/ant to dr\? z ,l9cecumii4#acj ,?is species is q v>iable bo? 9 type & gr[?4 ,x 0 introduc$ into ,france at ab\t ! same "t z ,rip>ia1 & ! ,fr5* v9ey>di/s select$ ! mo/ vigor\s & heal?y =ms = graft+ /ock4 ,^! pass "u ! v>i\s names ( ,rupe/ris ,mission1 ,rupe/ris du ,lot1 ,rupe/ris ,ganz91 ,rupe/ris ,m>t91 ,rupe/ris ,/4 ,george1 & o!rs4 ,9 ,france !y are /at$ to h giv5 p>ticul>ly good results on b>e1 rocky soils ) hot1 dry exposures4 ,9 ,cali=nia1 ,husmann#aca /ates1 ,x does n fl\ri% 9 dry locations "h1 & z x suck]s pr(usely & does n take ! graft z readily z ! two =m] classes ,rip>ia & ,ae/ivalis1 x is n l>gely propagat$4 ,x has n be5 suffici5tly cultivat$ 9 ?is c\ntry ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s s t x c be said :at conditions ( soil & climate be/ suit ?is species o!r ?an ! g5]al conclusions t may be drawn f ! conditions pres5t :]e ! species is indig5\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rupe/ris ,,du ,,lot ,! clu/]s ( fruit are small1 ) b]ries ab\t ! size ( a currant & v>y+ f sweet to s\r4 ,! b]ry is *>act]iz$ by mu* pigm5t "u ! sk94 ,! fruit has a sprightly ta/e :olly free f any disagreeable fox9ess4 ,accord+ to ,munson1 x is too unproductive to be pr(itable4 ,! sug> & acid cont5t ( ! mu/ is n kn[n4 ,jaeg] /ates t ,rupe/ris w9e s5t to ,france 0 !re judg$ z decid$ly ! be/ ,am]ican cl>et yet te/$4 ,rupe/ris "u cultivation is said to be v resi/ant to rot & mildew ( ! foliage4 ,x is consid]$ h>dy by ^? famili> ) x 9 ! ,s\?we/1 & ,campbell /ates t x )/ood1 )\t injury1 #cb degrees bel[ z]o at ,delaw>e1 ,ohio4 ,! att5tion ( hybridiz]s 0 attract$ to ?is species ov] ?irty ye>s ago & v>i\s hybrids h be5 produc$ by ,jaeg]1 ,munson1 ,campbell & ,mill>det1 all ( :om consid]$ ,rupe/ris ( great promise = grape-bre$+4 ,! root sy/em ( ,rupe/ris is peculi> 9 t ! roots p5etrate at once deeply into ! gr\nd in/ead ( ext5d+ lat]ally z 9 o!r species4 ,l ^? ( ,rip>ia1 ! roots are sl5d]1 h>d1 & resi/ant to ! phyllox]a4 ,! species is easily propagat$ by cutt+s4 ,accord+ to ,husmann#acb ! v9es b5*-graft readily b are difficult to h&le 9 field graft+4 ,,vitis ,,rupe/ris ,,dissecta ,egg]t4 #a4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbb4 #ahig4 ,v4 ,,rupe/ris1 v>4 ,,dissecta4 ,vitis rupe/ris dissecta 0 nam$ by ,h4 ,egg]t ( ,/4 ,l\is1 ! "n be+ plac$ on h]b>ium specim5s b app>5tly n publi%$ by him4 ,accord+ to ,bailey x diff]s f ! typical =ms ( ! species 9 hav+ m ovate leaves & v long tee?1 & a /rong t5d5cy t[>ds irregul> lob+4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,miss\ri4 #d4 ,,vitis ,,monticola ,buckley4#acc #a4 ,buckley1 ,proc4 ,phil4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 #ahfa3dej4 #b4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahfa3dhe4 ,:ite grape2 ,m\nta9 grape4 #c4 ,engelmann1 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aj1 #ab1 #ad1 #ae1 #af4 ,m\nta9 grape ( ,we/ ,texas4 #d4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3acd4 ,m\nta9 grape4 #e4 ,ib41 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,m\nta9 grape4 #f4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3ac4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,texana4 #g4 ,ib41 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd1 #dge4 #ahij4 #h4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3ehf4 #ahia4 ,sweet ,m\nta9 grape4 #i4 ,ib41 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic3aaf4 #aj4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbb4 #ahig4 ,sweet ,m\nta9 grape4 #aa4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bcj1 #bcb1 #bcd1 #bci1 #bfj4 #aijj4 ,sweet ,m\nta9 grape4 #ab4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #if4 ,v9e ( mod]ate vigor1 climb+1 or1 9 ! abs5ce ( support1 frequ5tly %rubby4 ,canes v sl5d]2 %oots angl$1 m or less pubesc5t2 diaphragms m$ium to r ?92 t5drils m$ium 9 size1 int]mitt5t1 usually bifid1 decidu\s4 ,leaves ) /ipules %ort1 broad2 leaf-blade small & ?91 cordate1 entire1 not*$ or %ortly ?ree-lob$2 petiol> s9us r deep & m$ium to n>r[ 9 wid?1 sometimes ov]lapp+1 r\nd$2 m>g9 broadly & obtusely too!d2 apex usually acum9ate2 upp] surface smoo?1 glossy2 l[] surface grayi%-gre51 m or less pubesc5t :5 "y2 pubesc5ce conf9$ *iefly to ribs & ve9s4 ,clu/]s %ort & broad1 compact1 ) m$ium to %ort p$uncle4 ,b]ries m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 black or gray ) ?9 bloom4 ,se$s l>ge1 usually slightly not*$2 *alaza r n>r[2 raphe a groove4 ,leaf+1 fl[]+1 & rip5+ fruit v late4 ,vitis monticola 0 nam$ & describ$ by ,buckley 9 #ahfa4 ,!re seems to h be5 "s misund]/&+ by lat] botani/s z to exactly :at ,buckley's species ( ?is "n is1 & 9 spite ( :at has be5 writt5 on ! subject1 x seems z ?\gh "s ( ! botani/s are /ill describ+ diff]5t species4 ,! se$1 9 ,engelmann's figure1 resembles t ( ! ,rupe/ris v closely1 :ile z figur$ by ,viala ! se$s resemble ^? ( ,c9]ea or ,cordifolia4 ,monticola inhabits ! lime/one hills ( c5tral & s\?we/]n ,texas4 ,! fruit ( ?is species has a v sweet & some:at peculi> flavor4 ,! v9es c be propagat$ f cutt+s only ) difficulty4 ,! species is adapt$ to a hot1 dry climate & lime/one l&4 ,x is f\nd to be v resi/ant to phyllox]a & is sometimes recomm5d$ z a /ock = ,v9if]a b is n g5]ally consid]$ z valuable 9 ?is respect z ,b]l&i]i4 ,x is )\t value = its fruit & is ( no horticultural importance to ! ea/]n ,am]ican grape-gr[]4 #e4 ,,vitis ,,rip>ia#acd ,mi*x4 #a4 ,t\rne=t1 ,in/4 ,rei ,h]b41 #a3fac4 #agjj4 ,v4 ,,canad5sis ,,ac]is ,,folio4 #b4 787 ,l9naeus1 ,sp4 ,pl41 #agec3bjc4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a4 #c4 787 ,walt]1 #aghh3bdb4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a4 #d4 787 ,willd5[1 #a3aaha4 #agig4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a4 #e4 ,mi*aux1 #b3bca4 #ahjc4 #f4 787 ,b>tram1 ,dom4 ,enc41 #e3bia4 #ahjd4 ,v4 ,,s]ot9a2 ,w9t] grape4 #g4 ,pur%1 #a3afi4 #ahad4 ,v4 odoratissima4 #h4 ,nuttall1 #ahah3adc4 #i4 ,elliott1 #b3fhh4 #ahbd4 ,w9t] grape8 #aj4 ,torrey1 ,fl4 ( ,n4 ,m4 ,/a41 #ahbf3aba4 #aa4 ,raf9esque1 #ahcj3ae4 ,riv] grape2 ,b]muda v9e2 ,mignonette v9e4 #ab4 ,ib41 #ahcj3af4 ,v4 ,,odoratissima4 #ac4 ,pr9ce1 #ahcj3aic4 ,v4 odoratissima2 ,sweet sc5t$4 #ad4 ,torrey1 ,fl4 ( ,n4 ,y41 #a3adg4 #ahdc4 ,w9t] grape4 #ae4 ,le ,conte1 ,trans4 ,phil4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 #f3bgc4 #ahec4 ,v4 dimidiata4 #af4 ,ib41 #f3bgb4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a2 ,v4 ae/ivalis ( "s2 ,v4 cordifolia ( _m2 ,v4 callosa2 ,v4 hyemalis2 ,w9t] grape4 #ag4 ,buckley1 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahfa3dhc4 ,v4 ,,cordifolia1 v>4 ,,rip>ia4 #ah4 ,saund]s1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfi3hb1 #he1 #hg4 ,v4 ,,cordifolia1 v>4 ,,rip>ia4 #ai4 ,engelmann1 ,mo4 ,ent4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3fa4 #bj4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ad1 #ah4 ,riv]side grape4 #ba4 ,bu%1 ,ib41 #ahhc3bc4 #bb4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ig1 #ih4 ,riv]side grape4 #bc4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3aca4 ,riv]side grape4 #bd4 ,ib41 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,riv]side grape4 #be4 ,plan*on1 ,de ,c&olle's ,mon4 ,phan41 #e3cbc1 #ceb4 #ahhg4 ,v4 vulp9a2 ,v4 incisa2 ,v4 int]m$ia2 ,v4 odoratissima2 ,v4 ,virg9iana2 ,v4 ,canad5sis ac]is folio4 #bf4 ,munson1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3i4 #ahij4 #bg4 ,ib41 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd4 #ahij4 #bh4 ,bailey1 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ad3cec4 #ahic4 fig4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a2 ,v4 rip>ia4 #bi4 ,husmann1 #ahie3age4 ,v4 ,,cordifolia4 #cj4 ,ib41 #ahie3ahh4 #ca4 ,britton & ,br[n1 #b3daj4 #ahig4 fig4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a2 ,v4 rip>ia2 ,v4 cordifolia1 v>4 rip>ia2 ,riv]side grape2 ,sweet sc5t$ grape4 #cb4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbb4 #ahig4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a2 ,riv]bank2 ,fro/2 ,v4 rip>ia2 ,v4 s]ot9a2 ,v4 odoratissima2 ,v4 ,ill9o5sis82 ,v4 ,miss\ri5sis82 ,v4 t5uifolia82 ,v4 cordifolia1 v>4 rip>ia2 ,v4 vulp9a1 v>4 rip>ia4 #cc4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bah1 #bai1 #bcj1 #bci1 #bfj4 #aijj4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a2 ,riv]side2 ,v4 rip>ia4 #cd4 ,viala & ,ravaz4 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #ajd4 ,v9e vigor\s to v vigor\s1 climb+4 ,%oots cyl9drical or slightly angl$1 usually smoo?1 sl5d]2 diaphragms ?92 t5drils int]mitt5t1 sl5d]1 usually bifid4 ,leaves ) l>ge /ipules2 leaf-blade m$ium to l>ge1 ?91 entire1 ?ree1 or l[] ones (t5 five-lob$2 s9uses %all[1 angul>2 petiol> s9us broad1 usually r %all[2 m>g9 ) incis$1 %>ply s]rate tee? ( v>iable size2 ( a light gre5 color1 glabr\s above1 usually glabr\s b sometimes slightly pubesc5t on ribs & ve9s bel[4 ,clu/] m$ium to small1 g5]ally compact1 %\ld]$2 p$uncle %ort4 ,b]ries small to m$ium1 black ) a heavy blue bloom4 ,se$s usually two to f\r1 small1 usually slightly not*$1 %ort1 plump1 ) v %ort beak2 *alaza n>r[ly oval1 depress$1 indi/9ct2 raphe usually a groove1 sometimes slightly di/9ct4 ,v v>iable 9 flavor & "t ( rip5+4 7,see ,plate47 ,! fir/ m5tion we h ( ,vitis rip>ia is by ,t\rne=t 9 #agjj1 :o1 )\t fur!r description1 calls x ,vitis canad5sis ac]is folio1 or ,maple-leav$ ,canadian grape4#ace ,l9naeus 9 #agec describ$ mix$ specim5s ( ,cordifolia & ,rip>ia "u ! "n ( ,vitis vulp9a4 ,8 description is z foll[s3#acf ,leaves cordate1 d5tate-s]rate1 glabr\s on bo? sides4 ,walt] & ,willd5[ copy ! description ( ,l9naeus4 ,! fir/ description :i* is cle>1 & ! id5tity ( :i* has nev] be5 que/ion$1 is t ( ,mi*aux 9 #ahjc1 "u ! "n ,rip>ia4 ,he says3 ,leaves unequally & %>ply d5tate1 slightly #c-lob$4 ,petioles1 ve9s & m>g9s pubesc5t4 ,call$ by ,fr5* resid5ts ,vigne des battures4 ,habitat along ! banks & on ! isl&s ( ! ,ohio & ,mississippi riv]s1 etc4 ,b>tram1 9 #ahjd1 "u ! "n ( ,vitis s]ot9a1 or ,w9t] grape1 describes a v9e :i* may be ,rip>ia or may be ,cordifolia z x has "s ( ! *>act]s ( bo?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%oot ,,( ,,vitis ,,rip>ia ,l9naeus' description seems to h ?or\ghly confus$ all ( ! e>li] botani/s4 ,!y 7 9 d\bt1 fir/1 z to :at species 0 int5d$ = ,vulp9a2 second1 z to ! di/+ui%+ *>act]s betwe5 ,rip>ia & ,cordifolia4 ,gray class$ ,rip>ia z a v>iety ( ,cordifolia4 ,engelmann 0 ! fir/ to draw att5tion to ! specific *>act]s :i* sep>at$ ^! two sorts & ^! he gives z foll[s3 #a/4 ,rip>ia has ?9 diaphragms1 ,cordifolia ?ick4 #b;d4 ,rip>ia blooms e>ly1 ,cordifolia late4 #c;d4 ,rip>ia propagates readily f cutt+s1 ,cordifolia only ) difficulty4 #d?4 ,se$s ( ! ,rip>ia h indi/9ct or almo/ indi/9ct1 depress$ *alaza & raphe1 :ile ! *alaza & raphe ( ! ,cordifolia se$s are elevat$ & di/9ct4 ,to ^! ,bu%#acg add$ ! fur!r di/+ui%+ "* t on ! %oots ! small t]m9al leaves ( ! ,cordifolia op5 z soon z =m$1 :ile ^? ( ,rip>ia rema9 fold$ = "s days aft] !y are =m$1 become l>g] & !n exp& gradually4 ,rip>ia is ! mo/ widely di/ribut$ ( any ,am]ican species ( grape4 ,x has be5 f\nd 9 p>ts ( ,canada nor? ( ,quebec & f !nce s\?w>d to ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 ,x is f\nd f ! ,atlantic coa/ we/w>d1 mo/ botani/s say to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 b ,munson gives ! we/]n limit z ,salt ,lake4 ,s9ce ,munson is m famili> ) ! di/rict ly+ we/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s ?an any o!r botani/ :o has paid att5tion to grapes1 he is probably correct4 ,usually x is f\nd on riv] banks1 on isl&s or 9 upl& rav9es4 ,rip>ia has always be5 consid]$ ( great promise 9 ! evolution ( ,am]ican grapes4 ,x c h>dly be said t x has fulfill$ expectations1 !re probably be+ no pure v>iety ( ?is species ( m ?an local importance1 & ! results ( hybridiz+ x ) o!r species h n be5 :olly successful4 ,! reason :y att5tion 0 e>ly turn$ to ,rip>ia 0 because ( ! qualities pres5t$ by ! v9e r ?an ^? ( ! fruit1 p>ticul>ly its h>d9ess & vigor4 ,h[ev]1 bo? ( ^! qualities are q v>iable1 & x is only reasonable to suppose t 9 su* a widely di/ribut$ species1 plants f\nd 9 a c]ta9 region w\ld h adapt$ !mselves to ! conditions !re pres5t2 ?us x %\ld be expect$ t ! nor!rn plants w\ld be m h>dy ?an ^? f ! ,s\? & ! we/]n prairie =ms m capable ( resi/+ dr\? ?an ^? f humid regions2 ?is is f\nd to be ! case4 ,x is consequ5tly impossible to say :at conditions be/ suit ?is species2 x may be said1 h[ev]1 t x is adapt$ to a great v>iety ( soils & locations2 ,rip>ia v9es1 or c]ta9 ones ( !m1 h )/ood a temp]ature ( #dj to #fj degrees bel[ z]o & !y %[ equal ability 9 )/&+ ! injuri\s effects ( high temp]atures 9 ! summ]4 ,on acc\nt ( its habit ( e>ly bloom+1 ! blossoms sometimes suff] f late fro/s 9 ! spr+4 ,:ile ,rip>ia is n a swamp grape & is n f\nd gr[+ "u swampy conditions1 x is fond ( wat]4 ,9 ! semi-arid regions always1 & 9 humid regions usually1 x is f\nd gr[+ along ! banks ( /reams1 9 rav9es1 on ! isl&s ( riv]s1 & 9 wet places4 ,x is n ne>ly s capable ( )/&+ dr\? z ,rupe/ris4 ,rip>ia likes a r ri* soil b 9 ,france has be5 f\nd to d poorly on lime/one l& & calc>e\s m>ls4 ,! ,fr5* tell u1 h[ev]1 t ?is is a *>act]i/ic ( all our ,am]ican grapes & t ! ,rip>ia is m resi/ant to ! injuri\s effects ( an excess ( lime ?an ei!r ,rupe/ris or ,ae/ivalis4 ,z 0 not$ 9 ! botanical description1 ! fruit ( ,rip>ia is usually small1 !re be+ occasional v>ieties ( m$ium size or slightly above4 ,! clu/]s are ( m$ium size &1 if judg$ f ! /&po9t ( numb] ( b]ries1 might frequ5tly be call$ l>ge4 ,! flavor is usually %>ply acid b free f fox9ess or any disagreeable wild ta/e4 ,if eat5 9 quantity1 ! acidity is apt to affect ! lips & end ( ! tongue4 ,:5 ! acidity is some:at ameliorat$1 z 9 ! case ( ?or\ghly ripe or ev5 ov]ripe & %rivel$ fruit1 ! flavor is mu* lik$ by _m p4 ,! fle% is nei!r pulpy nor solid & dissolves 9 ! m\? & sep>ates readily f ! se$4 ,! mu/ ( ,rip>ia is *>act]iz$ by an av]age am\nt ( sug>1 v>y+ consid]ably 9 ! fruit f diff]5t v9es1 & by an excess ( acid4 ,!re is no disagreeable aroma1 or fox9ess1 9 ! juice ( ?is species1 b ! w9es made f pure mu/ ( ,rip>ia grapes1 unless kept = a long "t1 or o!rwise treat$1 are too s\r4 ,on ?is acc\nt _m recomm5d add+ sug> & wat] to ! mu/ to r$uce ! p]c5tage ( acid4 ,rip>ia is v resi/ant to phyllox]a1 ! roots are small 9 size1 h>d & num]\s & bran* freely4 ,! roots fe$ close to ! surface & d n seem to be well adapt$ to =c+ _! way ?r\gh heavy clays or a h>dpan =mation2 b z su* soils are unfavorable = all grapes1 ?is "* is ( little economic importance4 ,rip>ia gr[s readily f cutt+s & makes a good /ock = graft+1 & its union ) o!r species is usually p]man5t4 ,at ! "t :5 ,rip>ias 7 fir/ s5t to ,france to be us$ z a /ock 9 recon/itut+ ! ,fr5* v9ey>ds1 x 0 f\nd t _m ( ! v9es secur$ f ! woods 7 ( too weak gr[? to support ! /rong]-gr[+ ,v9if]as4 ,on ?is acc\nt ! ,fr5* gr[]s select$ ! m vigor\s =ms ( ! ,rip>ias s5t !m to :i* !y gave v>ietal names1 z ,rip>ia ,gloire1 ,rip>ia ,gr& ,glabre1 ,rip>ia ,scribn]1 ,rip>ia ,m>t9 & o!rs4 ,) ^! select$ ,rip>ias ! graft does n outgr[ ! /ock4 ,rip>ia is less resi/ant to rot ?an ,ae/ivalis b some:at m resi/ant ?an ,labrusca4 ,! foliage is r>ely attack$ by mildew4 ,"o ( ! *ief fail+s ( ?is species is ! susceptibility ( ! leaves to ! attack ( ! leaf-hopp]4 ,?is defect is q s]i\s 9 "s grape-gr[+ regions4 ,! ,rip>ias are g5]ally late 9 rip5+ & x is f\nd t ! fruit is bett] 9 quality 9 long seasons & t x %\ld be left on ! v9es z late z possible4 ,!re are "s e>ly rip5+ v>ieties ( ?is species1 h[ev]4 ,,vitis ,,rip>ia ,,pr,,cox ,engelmann4 #a4 ,price1 #ahcj3aid4 ,v4 ,,odoratissima2 ,june ,grape4 #b4 ,engelmann1 ,mo4 ,ent4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3fa4 #c4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ah4 ,,june ,,grape4 #d4 ,bailey1 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ad3cec4 #ahic4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a1 v>4 ,,pr,,cox2 ,june ,grape2 ,v4 rip>ia1 v>4 prcox4 #e4 ,ib41 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbb4 #ahig4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a1 v>4 ,,pr,,cox2 ,june ,grape4 ,! fir/ record ( ,rip>ia ,prcox is a /atem5t by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj t ,nuttall _h told him t ! ,june ,grape gr[+ on ! ,mississippi 0 ! true ,vitis odoratissima 7a sweet sc5t$ ,rip>ia :i* lat] botani/s h n recogniz$ z a di/9ct species74 ,9 #ahgb ,engelmann ref]s to x1 say+ t x gr[s on rocky riv] banks 9 ! vic9ity ( ,/4 ,l\is & t x is br\ght to m>ket 9 ,july4 ,he says fur!r 9 ! ,bu%b]g ,catalogue t f ! fir/ ( ,july on1 ripe fruit is to be f\nd ?r\gh ,augu/ & ,septemb]4 ,bailey /ates 9 ! ,am]ican ,g>d5+ t ,engelmann 9 8 h]b>ium _h giv5 ?is v>iety ! "n prcox b did n "k :e!r x _h be5 publi%$ or n4 ,! v>iety diff]s f ! typical =m ( ,rip>ia only 9 ! rip5+ season & possibly 9 ! b]ries av]ag+ small]4 ,! e>ly rip5+ season might make x ( horticultural importance z a bre$+ /ock al?\gh 9 o!r respects ! fruit *>act]s are n su* z w\ld recomm5d x4 #f4 ,,vitis ,,treleasei ,munson4#ach #a4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbc4 #ahig4 #b4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bcj1 #bci4 #aijj4 ,smoo? ,canyon ,grape4 ,plant %rubby & mu* bran*$1 climb+ little1 ! small & mo/ly %ort 7g5]ally %ort] ?an ! leaves7 t5drils decidu\s ! fir/ ye> unless f9d+ support1 int]nodes %ort1 ! diaphragms twice ?ick] 7ab\t #a-af in*7 ?an 9 ,v4 rip>ia & %all[-biconcave2 /ipules less ?an "o qu>t] z l>ge z 9 ,v4 rip>ia2 leaves l>ge & gre51 v broad-ovate or ev5 r5i=m-ovate 7(t5 wid] ?an long1 ?91 glabr\s & %9+ on bo? surfaces1 ! basal s9us v broad & op5 mak+ no di/9ct angle ) ! petiole1 ! m>g9 unequally not*-too!d 7n jagg$ z 9 ,v4 rip>ia7 & indi/9ctly ?ree-lob$1 ! apex mu* %ort] ?an 9 ,v4 rip>ia2 99 99 99 clu/] small 7#b to #c in*es long72 ! b]ries #a_/c in* or less ?ick1 black ) a ?9 bloom1 rip5+ ?ree weeks lat] ?an ,v4 rip>ia :5 gr[n 9 ! same place1 ?9-sk9n$2 pulp juicy & sweet2 se$s small4 99 99 99 ,little kn[n1 & possibly a dry c\ntry =m ( ,v4 rip>ia4 ,9 habit x sugge/s ,v4 arizonica v>4 glabra1 f :i* x is di/+ui%$1 among o!r ?+s1 by its decid$ly e>li] fl[]+ & l>g] leaves ) co>s] tee? & less po9t$ apex4 ,accord+ to ,munson ,vitis treleasei inhabits rav9es & gul*es ( we/]n ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona & s\!rn ,utah4 ,?is species 0 nam$ by ,munson b ! only description we h be5 able to f9d is t ( ,bailey giv5 above 9 :i* we h *ang$ 8 vulp9a to rip>ia4 ,! species is ( no importance horticulturally4 #g4 ,,vitis ,,longii ,pr9ce4#aci #a4 ,pr9ce1 #ahcj3ahd4 ,long's ,arkansas4 #b4 ,engelmann1 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ah4 ,,long',s2 ,v4 ,solonis4 #c4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3acb4 ,v4 ,,nuevo ,,mexicana2 ,wooly ,rip>ia4 #d4 ,ib41 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,v4 ,,novo ,,mexicana2 ,munson's ,rip>ia4 #e4 ,ib41 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,,solonis4 #f4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3i4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,,solonis4 #g4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3ffj4 #ahia4 ,v4 ,,solonis4 #h4 ,ib41 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic3aaf4 ,v4 ,,solonis2 ,bu% grape4 #i4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3bj1 #bb1 #bd4 ,v4 ,,solonis2 ,s& grape2 ,bea* grape2 ,bu% grape4 #aj4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbc4 #ahig4 ,v4 ,solonis2 ,v4 ,nuevo ,mexicana2 ,long's4 #aa4 ,bea*1 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecg1 #eeg4 #ahih4 ,v4 ,,solonis4 #ab4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bah1 #bcj4 #aijj4 ,v4 ,solonis2 ,gul* grape2 ,bu% grape4 ,vitis longii is a vigor\s =m ( ! ,rip>ia type ) pubesc5t "y gr[?1 diff]+ f ! typical ,rip>ia 9 hav+ m circul>1 less lob$ leaves & m incis$ tee?4 ,its leaves are frequ5tly pubesc5t b5ea?4 ,ano!r =m ) d5tate m>g9 ( leaf has be5 kn[n "u ! "n ( ,nuevo ,mexicana or ,novo ,mexicana4 ,! ref]5ces to ^! two =ms are inextricably confus$4 ,engelmann ref]s to ?is grape :i* he says he f\nd gr[+ 9 ! botanic g>d5 ( ,b]l9 "u ! "n ( ,vitis solonis4 ,aft] c>eful inve/igation he decid$ t ?is "n 0 a corruption ( ,vitis longii1 or ,long's grape1 :i* _h be5 br\ght f ! headwat]s ( ! ,arkansas riv] by ,major ,long's exp$ition into t !n unkn[n c\ntry 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,_m botani/s consid] ?is a hybrid ( two or m o!r species1 ,rip>ia1 ,rupe/ris1 ,c&icans & ,cordifolia be+ (f]$ z probable p>5ts4 ,its habitat is nor!rn ,texas we/w>d into ,new ,mexico1 ea/w>d into ,oklahoma & nor?w>d into ,kansas & s\!a/]n ,colorado4 ,vitis longii 0 fir/ describ$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj4 ,! fruit is small & s\r & x appe>s to be ( no horticultural promise4 ,,vitis ,,longii ,,microsp]ma ,bailey4 #a4 ,munson1 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,v4 ,,novo ,,mexicana ,,v>42 ,munson's ,rip>ia4 #b4 ,munson1 ,rev4 ,vit41 #c3afj4--4 ,v4 ,,solonis1 v>4 ,,microsp]ma 7cit$ by #c74 #c4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbc4 #ahig4 ,v4 ,,longii1 v>4 ,,microsp]ma2 ,v4 ,solonis1 v>4 microsp]ma4 ,vitis longii microsp]ma is a small se$$1 vigor\s =m ( ,vitis longii gr[+ on ! ,r$ ,riv] 9 nor? ,texas4 ,x is said to be m resi/ant to dr\ght ?an ! normal =m4 #h4 ,,vitis ,,*amp9i ,plan*4#adj #a4 ,plan*on1 ,j\rn4 ,la ,vigne am]41 #f3bb4 #ahhb 7cit$ by #d74 #b4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3acg4 #c4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3aja4 #d4 ,plan*on1 ,de ,c&olle's ,mon4 ,phan41 #e3cbc1 #cbg1 #cbh4 #ahhg4 ,*amp9 grape4 #e4 ,munson1 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd1 #dge4 #ahij4 #f4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3aa4 #ahij4 #g4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3ffa4 #ahia4 ,*amp9 grape4 #h4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3bj1 #bb1 #be4 #i4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbc4 #ahig4 #aj4 ,bea*1 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecf1 #eeg4 #ahih4 #aa4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bcb1 #bcd1 #bce1 #bdj1 #bfh4 #aijj4 fig4 ,adobe ,l& grape4 #ab4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3ade4 ,v9e r vigor\s1 climb+ 7sometimes semi-erect74 ,%oots ?9ly pubesc5t1 some:at angl$1 g5]ally cyl9drical :5 mature2 diaphragms ?92 t5drils int]mitt5t1 /rong1 bifid or trifid4 ,leaves small to r l>ge1 slightly r5i=m or broadly cordate1 usually entire b frequ5tly %ortly ?ree-lob$2 petiol> s9us wide to m$ium2 d>k gre51 glabr\s above ) ?9 cobwebby tom5tum bel[1 becom+ m or less glabr\s :5 mature4 ,clu/]s ( small or m$ium size2 p$uncle m$ium 9 l5g?4 ,b]ries l>ge1 black1 slight if any bloom1 v p]si/5t1 ( sweet flavor & t5d] pulp4 ,se$s closely resembl+ ,c&icans4 ,blooms j be=e ,labrusca4 ,v>iable 9 rip5+ season4 ,*amp9i 0 nam$ & describ$ 9 #ahhb by ,plan*on4 ,he /ates t x is probably a hybrid betwe5 ,vitis c&icans & ,vitis rupe/ris & t x is n di/9ctly def9$ & ( a uni=m "*1 b %[s 9 its v>iable =ms diff]5t comb9ations ( ! *>act]s ( ^! two species4 ,!re seems to be "s d\bt among o!r botani/s z to ! p>5tage ( ,*amp9i & x is v>i\sly cr$it$ to ,c&icans1 ,rupe/ris1 ,monticola & ,b]l&i]i4 ,?is species is f\nd gr[+ 9 ! lime/one hills ( s\?we/]n ,texas1 cov]+ ab\t ! same area z ,b]l&i]i4 ,accord+ to ,munson x is less common 9 ! bottoms & is n s pl5tiful z ! latt] species4 ,associat$ ) x 9 diff]5t p>ts ( its habitat are ! f\r species m5tion$ above z possible p>5ts4 ,*amp9i is p>ticul>ly well adapt$ to hot dry regions & w )/& consid]able lime 9 ! soil4 ,! species is susceptible to mildew & black-rot4 ,x c be readily gr[n f cutt+s & grafts well 9 ! v9ey>d1 ?\gh ! diff]5t =ms are q v>iable 9 ^! respects4 ,at "o "t ?is species 0 consid]$ ( great promise z a /ock = ,v9if]a = hot1 dry regions b z x has prov$ inf]ior to ,b]l&i]i 9 its capacity to )/& limy soils & phyllox]a1 & z x is n m vigor\s1 x has be5 g5]ally dropp$4 ,! b]ries are l>ge & ( pure flavor1 & z ! v9e is vigor\s1 x may prove ( value z a s\rce ( cultivat$ v>ieties = ! ,s\?we/ b x is ( little or no value to ! ea/]n gr[]4 #i4 ,,vitis ,,rubra ,mi*x4 #a4 ,vahl1#ada ,symb4 ,bot41 #c3db4 #agid4 ,v4 ,,palmata4 #b4 ,willd5[1 #a3aahj4 #agig4 ,v4 ,,palmata4 #c4 ,muhl5b]g1 #ahac3bg4 ,v4 ,,palmata4 #d4 ,pur%1 #a3agj4 #ahad4 ,v4 ,,palmata4 #e4 ,nuttall1 #a3adc4 #ahah4 ,v4 ,,palmata4 #f4 ,raf9esque1 #ahcj3ah4 ,v4 ,,palmata2 ,palmate grape4 #g4 ,ib41 #ahcj3ah4 ,v4 ,,virg9iana2 ,virg9ia grape4 #h4 ,floy-,l9dley1 #ahcc3aeb4 ,v4 ,,palmata2 ,palmat$ leav$4 #i4 787 ,le ,conte1 ,proc4 ,phil4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 #f3bgd4 #ahec4 ,v4 ,,palmata2 ,v4 ,virg9iana2 ,bl&'s grape4 #aj4 787 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #aheg3bca4 ,v4 ,,palmata2 ,palmate-leav$ v9e2 ,bl&'s grape2 ,v4 ,virg9iana4 #aa4 ,engelmann1 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ad1 #ag4 ,v4 ,,palmata2 ,v4 rubra2 ,r$ grape ( ! ,mississippi ,valley4 #ab4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3acc4 ,v4 ,,palmata2 ,v4 rubra4 #ac4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ig4 ,v4 ,,palmata2 ,palmate-leav$ grape2 ,v4 rubra4 #ad4 ,ib41 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,v4 palmata2 ,egg]t's grape4 #ae4 ,plan*on1 ,de ,c&olle's ,mon4 ,phan41 #e3ceb4 #ahhg4 ,v4 ,,rip>ia1 v>4 ,,palmata2 ,v4 ,virg9i5sis2 ,v4 ,virg9iana4 #af4 ,ib41 ,ib41 #e3ced4 #ahhg4 ,v4 palmata4 #ag4 ,s>g5t1 ,g>4 & ,=41 #b3cdj4 #ahhi4 fig4 ,v4 ,,palmata2 ,v4 rubra4 #ah4 ,munson1 ,ib41 #c3dgd1 #dge4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,,palmata4 #ai4 ,munson1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3ac4 #ahij4 ,v4 palmata4 #bj4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3ehf4 #ahia4 #ba4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbc4 #ahig4 ,v4 ,,palmata2 ,v4 monosp]ma2 ,v4 rubra2 ,v4 rip>ia1 v>4 palmata2 ,r$ grape2 ,cat grape4 #bb4 ,britton & ,br[n1 #b3daj4 #ahig4 fig4 ,v4 ,,palmata2 ,miss\ri grape4 #bc4 ,bailey1 ,ev4 ,nat4 ,fr41 #ahih3aje4 ,v4 ,,palmata2 ,r$ grape2 ,cat grape4 #bd4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bcj1 #bci4 #aijj4 ,v4 palmata2 ,cat ,bird grape4 #be4 ,bailey1 ,cyc4 ,am4 ,hort41 #d3aieb4 #aijb4 ,v4 monosp]ma2 ,r$ grape4 #bf4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #aac4 ,v9e sl5d]1 ( only mod]ate vigor1 climb+ v high4 ,%oots smoo?1 angl$1 long-jo9t$1 bright r$2 diaphragms ?ick to m$ium2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 long1 usually bifid4 ,leaves ) %ort1 broad /ipules2 leaf-blade broadly cordate 9 outl9e1 r>ely entire1 frequ5tly v deeply ?ree or ev5 five-lob$1 lobes long1 acum9ate2 m>g9 ) broad1 %all[1 s]rate tee?2 petiol> s9us r broad & %all[2 upp] surface dull d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface frequ5tly some:at pubesc5t on ribs & ve9s2 petioles r$4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 loose1 seldom comp\nd2 long p$uncle4 ,b]ries small1 black1 )\t bloom1 n juicy4 ,se$s "o or two1 l>ge1 plump1 r\nd$1 ) v %ort beak1 slightly not*$2 *alaza n>r[1 r indi/9ct2 raphe indi/9ct4 ,vitis rubra & ,vahl's ,vitis palmata are badly confus$4 ,! species 0 fir/ describ$ by ,vahl 9 #agid1 f plants cultivat$ 9 ! ,j>d9 des ,plantes 9 ,p>is & suppos$ to h be5 s5t by "s mission>y f ! ,mississippi ,valley4 ,x 0 s nam$ on acc\nt ( its t5d5cy to five-lob$ leaves4 ,vahl errone\sly gives its habitat z ,virg9ia4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 ,mi*aux discov]$1 on ! banks ( ! ,mississippi & adjac5t /reams1 a grape :i* he call$ ,vitis rubra1 on acc\nt ( its *>act]i/ic bright r$ %oots4 ,! descriptions ( ^! two v>ieties 7 copi$ f "t to "t by o!r botani/s1 b ) no additional details ( any importance until ,engelmann1 9 #ahhc1 made ! claim t !y 7 id5tical4 ,!re is no "q z to ! id5tity ( ,mi*aux's ,rubra1 b "s botani/s "q :e!r ,palmata is a synonym4 ,we h tak5 ,mi*aux's "n z ! "o to :i* !re is no "q1 al?\gh ,engelmann 0 s c>eful a work] t x is highly probable t he is correct 9 consid]+ ! two species synonym\s4 ,munson consid]s ! species z probably a multiple hybrid ( ,cordifolia ) ,rip>ia1 ) possibly a trace ( ,cissus blood1 indicat$ 9 ! fruit1 se$ & leaf4 ,!re seems to be b little evid5ce to support ?is supposition4 ,plan*on says x is pr9cipally on ! evid5ce ( ,mill>det t he admits ?is z a sep>ate species & t p]haps x w\ld be bett] to consid] x a v>iety ( ,rip>ia closely alli$ to ,vahl's ,palmata4 ,vitis rubra is an inhabitant ( s&y1 ri*1 moi/1 alluvial riv] bottoms 9 ,miss\ri & ,ill9ois1 to ,l\isiana & ,texas1 9 :i* region x is q re/rict$ & app>5tly n pl5tiful4 ,b little is kn[n ( ! horticultural *>act]s ( ,vitis rubra4 ,9 spite ( its hav+ be5 class$ ) ,rip>ia1 x appe>s to resemble m closely ,vitis cordifolia1 hav+ ! ?ick diaphragms & late bloom+ *>act]s ( ! latt] species1 b ! se$s resemble ^? ( ,rip>ia4 ,rubra gr[s readily f cutt+s & ! roots are said to be v resi/ant to phyllox]a4 ,x is n suffici5tly vigor\s1 h[ev]1 to be recomm5d$ z a /ock4 ,x is sometimes cultivat$ z an ornam5tal b is ( no horticultural importance beyond ?is4 #aj4 ,,vitis ,,cordifolia ,mi*x4 #a4 787 ,l9naeus1 ,sp4 ,pl41 #agec3bjc4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a4 #b4 787 ,m>%all1 #aghe3afe4 ,v4 ,,labrusca4 #c4 787 ,walt]1 #aghh3bdb4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a4 #d4 787 ,willd5[1 #a3aaha4 #agig4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a4 #e4 ,mi*aux1 #b3bca4 #ahjc4 #f4 787 ,b>tram1 ,dom4 ,enc41 #e3bia4 #ahjd4 ,v4 ,,s]ot9a4 #g4 787 ,muhl5b]g1 #ahac3bg4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a2 ,v4 cordifolia2 ,w9t] grape4 #h4 ,pur%1 #a3afi4 #ahad4 ,v4 incisa2 ,v4 vulp9a2 ,w9t] grape2 ,*ick5 grape4 #i4 ,nuttall1 #a3adc4 #ahah4 #aj4 ,elliott1 #b3fhh4 #ahbd4 #aa4 ,raf9esque1 #ahcj3ae4 ,v4 vulp9a2 ,fro/ grape2 ,w9t] grape2 ,fox grape4 #ab4 ,pr9ce1 #ahcj3aid4 ,w9t] grape2 ,*ick5 grape2 ,fro/ grape2 ,v4 s]ot9a2 ,v4 incisa2 ,v4 vulp9a4 #ac4 ,torrey1 ,fl4 ( ,n4 ,y41 #a3adg4 #ahdc4 ,w9t] grape2 ,fro/ grape4 #ad4 ,le ,conte1 ,proc4 ,phil4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 #f3bgc4 #ahec4 ,v4 ,,pull>ia2 ,*ick5 grape4 #ae4 ,d>l+ton1 ,fl4 ,ce/41 #ahec3ej4 ,*ick5 grape2 ,w9t] grape2 ,he>t-leav$ ,vitis4 #af4 ,buckley1 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahfa3dhc4 ,w9t] grape2 ,fox grape4 #ag4 787 ,saund]s1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfi3hb1 #he1 #hg4 #ah4 ,engelmann1 ,mo4 ,ent4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3fj4 ,w9t] grape2 ,fro/ grape2 ,*ick5 grape4 #ai4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ad1 #ag4 ,fro/ grape4 #bj4 ,bu%41 ,ib41 #ahhc3bd4 #ba4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ig1 #ih4 #bb4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3acc4 ,fro/ grape2 ,s\r or ,pung5t ,w9t] grape4 #bc4 ,plan*on1 ,de ,c&olle's ,mon4 ,phan41 #e3cbc1 #cej4 #ahhg4 ,v4 vulp9a1 v>4 cordifolia2 ,v4 vulp9a2 ,v4 ,virg9iana4 #bd4 ,munson1 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd4 #ahij4 #be4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3ab4 #ahij4 #bf4 ,britton & ,br[n1 #b3daj4 #ahig4 ,fro/ grape2 ,*ick5 grape2 ,possum grape2 ,w9t] grape4 #bg4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbd4 #ahig4 ,true ,fro/ grape2 ,*ick5 grape2 ,raccoon grape2 ,v4 pull>ia2 ,v4 vulp9a1 v>4 cordifolia4 #bh4 ,bea*1 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3eeg4 #ahih4 #bi4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bah1 #bca1 #bdj4 #aijj4 ,s\r ,w9t] grape2 ,fro/ grape4 #cj4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #gf4 ,v9e v vigor\s1 climb+4 ,%oots r sl5d]2 int]nodes long1 slightly angul>1 usually glabr\s1 sometimes slightly pubesc5t2 diaphragms ?ick2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 long1 usually bifid4 ,leaves ) %ort1 broad /ipules2 leaf-blade m$ium to l>ge1 cordate1 entire or sometimes indi/9ctly ?ree-lob$2 petiol> s9us deep1 usually n>r[1 acute2 m>g9 ) r co>se angul> tee?2 po9t ( leaf acum9ate2 upp] surface r light gre51 glossy1 glabr\s2 glabr\s or sp>+ly pubesc5t bel[4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 loose1 ) long p$uncle4 ,b]ries num]\s & small1 black1 %9+1 little or no bloom4 ,se$s m$ium 9 size1 r broad1 beak r %ort2 *alaza oval or r\ndi%1 elevat$1 v di/9ct2 raphe a di/9ct1 cord-l ridge4 ,fruit usually s\r & a/r+5t & frequ5tly consi/+ ( little besides sk9s & se$s4 ,leaf+1 fl[]+ & rip5+ fruit v late4 ,ow+ to ! fact t ,cordifolia & ,rip>ia h be5 badly confus$ 9 ! pa/1 ! limits ( ! habitat ( ?is species are difficult to det]m9e4 ,pur% gives ! nor!rn limit z ,canada1 & ,buckley speaks ( its be+ f\nd at ,lake ,w9nipeg1 b all o!r1 & "s probably bett] in=m$1 au?orities give ! nor!rn limit z ,new ,york or ! ,great ,lakes4 ,! ea/]n limit is ! ,atlantic ,ocean & ! s\!rn limit ! ,gulf ( ,mexico4 ,x ext5ds we/w>d1 accord+ to ,engelmann1 to ! we/]n limits ( ! wood$ portion ( ! ,mississippi ,valley 9 ! ,nor?1 &1 accord+ to ,munson1 to ! ,brazos ,riv]1 ,texas1 9 ! ,s\?4 ,x is f\nd along creeks & riv] banks sometimes mix$ ) ,rip>ia1 hav+ ab\t ! same soil adaptations z t species4 ,x is a v common species 9 ! ,middle ,/ates & is frequ5tly f\nd gr[+ on lime/one soils b1 accord+ to ,viala1 is n indig5\s to su* soils4 ,x might be said t ?is species 0 fir/ describ$ by ,l9naeus 9 #agec "u ! "n ,vulp9a1 z 8 description 0 f mix$ specim5s ( ,cordifolia & ,rip>ia4 ,! fir/ description1 h[ev]1 ( :i* !re is no "q is t ( ,mi*aux 9 #ahjc4 ,f ?is "t on !re are _m descriptions "u v>i\s names & mu* disagreem5t z to ! limits ( ! species & its relation to ,rip>ia4 ,engelmann 9 #ahgb /ates t ,rip>ia is g5]ally a small] plant ?an ,cordifolia & t ! fruit rip5s e>li] & is pleasant] ta/+4 ,x 0 /ill consid]$ by _m botani/s t ^! diff]5ces 7 too slight to sep>ate ! =ms z diff]5t species1 b 9 #ahhc1 ,engelmann fur!r enum]at$ o!r diff]5ces :i* are giv5 "u ! description ( ,vitis rip>ia4 ,s9ce ?is "t1 ! specific diff]5ce ( ! two =ms has nev] be5 que/ion$4 ,cordifolia makes a good /ock = graft+1 be+ vigor\s & =m+ a good union ) mo/ ( our cultivat$ grapes4 ,x is seldom us$ = ?is purpose1 h[ev]1 on acc\nt ( ! difficulty ( propagat+ x by means ( cutt+s4 ,= ! same reason v9es ( x are seldom f\nd 9 cultivation4 ,x is probably ( no importance horticulturally4 ,,vitis ,,cordifolia ,,foetida ,engelm4 #a4 ,engelmann1 ,am4 ,nat41 #b3cba4 #ahfh4 ,v4 ,,cordifolia1 v>4 ,,foetida4 #b4 ,ib41 ,mo4 ,ent4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3fj4 #c4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbd4 #ahig4 ,v4 ,,cordifolia1 v>4 ,,foetida4 ,app>5tly ! fir/ record ( ,vitis cordifolia foetida is ,engelmann's m5tion ( x 9 ! ,am]ican ,naturali/ ( #ahfh4 ,9 #ahgb he speaks z ?\gh ?is is ! common ,mississippi ,valley =m1 = he says3 ,9 ?is valley at lea/ ! fruit has a /rongly & ev5 fetidly-aromatic ta/e4 ,! v>iety app>5tly is simil> to ! typical ,cordifolia 9 e respect except+ ! aromatic fruit4 ,,vitis ,,cordifolia ,,semp]vir5s ,munson4 #a4 ,munson1 ,rev4 ,vit41 #e3afe4 f4 #ec4 7cit$ by #b74 #b4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbd4 #ahig4 ,v4 ,,cordifolia1 v>4 ,,semp]vir5s4 #c4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3gh4 fig4 ( leaf4 ,vitis cordifolia semp]vir5s is a s\?-,florida =m ( ,cordifolia nam$ & fir/ describ$ by ,munson 9 ! ,revue ,viticole4 ,x diff]s f typical ,cordifolia 9 hav+ leaves :i* are ?ick]1 n>r[]1 m oblong1 ) a long lanceolate po9t1 completely glabr\s & m or less glossy on bo? surfaces4 ,^! leaves rema9 on ! v9es v late 9 ! season4 ,?is v>iety is said to be v resi/ant to an excess ( lime 9 ! soil4 ,,vitis ,,cordifolia ,,hell]i ,bailey4 #a4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbd4 #ahig4 ,v4 ,,cordifolia1 v>4 ,,hell]i4 #b4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3gi4 ,v4 ,,cordifolia ,,v>4 ,vitis cordifolia hell]i is fir/ m5tion$ by ,bailey 9 #ahig4 ,x diff]s f ! ord9>y =ms ( ,cordifolia 9 hav+ m circul> leaves )\t ! lanceolate po9t4 ,viala & ,ravaz /ate t su* =ms are f\nd 9 clay soils4 ,bailey ref]s to x z an upl& s\?-,texas =m f\nd at altitudes ( f #afjj to #bjjj feet4 #aa4 ,,vitis ,,baileyana ,munson4 #a4 ,munson1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3ad4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,,virg9iana4 #b4 ,ib41 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd1 #dge4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,,virg9iana4 #c4 ,ib41 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic3aaf4 ,possum grape4 #d4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3bj4 ,v4 ,virg9iana4 #e4 ,britton & ,br[n1 #b3daa4 #ahig4 ,v4 ,virg9iana4 #f4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbd4 #ahig4 ,possum grape4 #g4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bca1 #bdj4 #aijj4 ,possum grape4 ,v9e climb+1 b ( only m$ium vigor 7less vigor\s ?an ,cordifolia74 ,canes sl5d]1 ) %ort int]nodes1 & ) v _m %ort side %oots2 %oots angul>1 d5sely :iti% or ru/y pubesc5t or woolly along ! angles2 mature canes r\nd1 ne>ly smoo?2 diaphragms ?ick2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 usually trifid4 ,leaves ) blade long1 cordate1 frequ5tly small] ?an ,cordifolia1 %ortly b di/9ctly ?ree-lob$ 7lobes mo/ly po9t$ & mu* spread+71 bright gre51 b n %9+1 above1 gray bel[1 slightly pubesc5t at maturity only on ve9s2 apex %ort1 acum9ate1 acute or blunt2 tee? comp>atively small & not*$-l1 regul>1 n prom95tly acute4 ,clu/]s l>ge2 p$uncle long2 p$icel sl5d]1 %ort1 mak+ ! bun* v compact4 ,b]ries v small1 black ) little or no bloom1 int5sely acid until v ripe or fro/$4 ,se$s small to v small1 slightly not*$ on top2 *alaza depress$1 oblong-oval2 raphe broad1 slightly di/9ct4 ,leaf+1 fl[]+ & rip5+ fruit v late4 ,?is species seems to h be5 fir/ describ$ by ,munson 9 #ahij "u ! "n ( ,vitis virg9iana4 ,9 #ahic he issu$ a leaflet *ang+ ! "n to ,vitis baileyana4 ,x is an upl& species gr[+ 9 ! m\nta9 valleys 7#hjj feet & upw>d7 ( s\?we/]n ,virg9ia1 ,we/ ,virg9ia1 we/]n ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,t5nessee1 nor!rn ,georgia & ! upl&s ( we/]n c5tral ,georgia4 ,baileyana c be propagat$ f cutt+s only ) difficulty4 ,x is ( no importance horticulturally4 #ab4 ,,vitis ,,b]l&i]i ,plan*4 #a4 ,plan*on1 ,compt4 ,r5d4 ,acad4 ,sci4 ,p>is1 #ia3dbe4 #ahhj4 7cit$ by #e74 #b4 ,j\rn4 ,la ,vigne am]41 #ahhj3cah4 7cit$ by #e47 #c4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bc3be4 #ahha4 ,v4 ae/ivalis1 v>4 monticola2 ,v4 monticola se$l+2 ,v4 cordifolia coriacea4 #d4 787 ,engelmann1 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ae4 ,v4 ,,monticola4 #e4 ,plan*on1 ,de ,c&olle's ,mon4 ,phan41 #e3cbc1 #cda4 #ahhg4 ,v4 monticola4 #f4 ,an4 ,hort41 #ahhi3aja4 #g4 ,munson1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3ad4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,monticola1 ,mil4 #h4 ,ib41 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd1 #dge4 #ahij4 #i4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3fei4 #ahia4 #aj4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3bj1 #bb1 #bi4 ,v4 monticola1 ,engelm4 #aa4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbe4 #ahig4 ,m\nta9 grape2 ,spani% grape2 ,fall grape2 ,w9t] grape4 #ab4 ,bea*1 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecf1 #eeg4 #ahih4 #ac4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bca1 #bcd1 #bce1 #bdj1 #bfa4 #aijj4 fig4 ,little ,m\nta9 grape4 #ad4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #fa4 ,v9e mod]ately vigor\s1 climb+2 %oots m or less angl$ & pubesc5t2 pubesc5ce rema9+ only 9 pat*es on mature wood2 canes mo/ly ) %ort int]nodes2 diaphragms ?ick2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 long1 /rong1 bifid or trifid4 ,leaves ) small /ipules2 leaf-blade r l>ge1 broadly cordate1 not*$ or %ortly ?ree-lob$2 petiol> s9us r op51 ,v- or ,u-%ap$1 m>g9 ) broad b r %all[ tee?1 r d>k1 glossy gre5 above1 grayi% pubesc5ce bel[ :5 "y2 becom+ glabr\s & ev5 glossy except on ribs & ve9s1 :5 mature4 ,clu/]s l>ge1 compact1 comp\nd1 ) long p$uncle4 ,b]ries small1 black1 ) ?9 bloom1 juicy1 r t>t b pleasant ta/+ :5 ?or\ghly ripe4 ,se$s few1 m$ium to small1 %ort1 plump1 oval or r\ndi% ) %ort beak2 *alaza oval or r\ndi%1 di/9ct2 raphe n>r[1 slightly di/9ct to indi/9ct4 ,leaf+1 fl[]+ & rip5+ fruit v late4 ,?is species 0 describ$ "u ! "n ,vitis b]l&i]i by ,plan*on 9 #ahhj4 ,! description 0 made f h]b>ium specim5s collect$ by ! ,swiss botani/1 ,b]l&i]1#adb 9 ,texas 9 #ahcd1 & also f liv+ plants :i* _h be5 %ipp$ into ,france4 ,plan*on /ates t ?is is ! ,monticola ( ,engelmann1 b n ! ,monticola ( ,buckley4 ,buckley's description is admitt$ly unsatisfactory b x does n seem t ,plan*on is ju/ifi$ 9 say+ t ,engelmann 0 mi/ak5 :5 ! latt] probably _h bett] opportunities = det]m9+ ,buckley's mean+ ?an ,plan*on4 ,b]l&i]i is a native ( ! lime/one hills ( s\?we/ ,texas & adjac5t ,mexico4 ,accord+ to ,munson1 x gr[s 9 ! same region ) ,v4 monticola b is less re/rict$ locally1 gr[+ f ! tops ( ! hills all along d[n & along ! creek bottoms ( ^? regions4 ,its great virtue is t x )/&s a soil l>gely compos$ ( lime4 ,x is sup]ior to all o!r ,am]ican species 9 ?is respect4 ,?is & its mod]ate degree ( vigor 7n q s vigor\s z ,c9]ea1 accord+ to ,munson7 has recomm5d$ x to ! ,fr5* gr[]s z a /ock = _! calc>e\s soils4 ,! roots are /rong1 ?ick & v resi/ant to phyllox]a4 ,x is propagat$ by cutt+s ) comp>ative ease1 b its v>ieties are v>iable 9 ?is respect1 "s n root+ at all easily4 ,:ile ! fruit ( ?is species %[s a l>ge clu/]1 ! b]ries are small & s\r1 & ,b]l&i]i is n reg>d$ z hav+ any promise = culture 9 ,am]ica4 #ac4 ,,vitis ,,c9]ea ,engelm4#adc #a4 ,engelmann1 ,gray's ,man41 ,edition #e4 #ahfg3fgi4 ,v4 ,,ae/ivalis1 v>4 ,,c9]ea4 #b4 787 ,ib41 ,am4 ,nat41 #b3cba4 #ahfh4 ,v4 ,,ae/ivalis1 v>4 ,,canesc5s4 #c4 ,ib41 ,mo4 ,ent4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3fa4 ,v4 ,,ae/ivalis1 v>4 ,,c9]ea4 #d4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ad1 #af4 ,d[ny grape ( ,mississippi ,valley4 #e4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3acc4 #f4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ig1 #ih4 ,a%y-leav$ grape2 ,sweet ,w9t] grape4 #g4 ,ib41 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,a%y grape2 ,sweet ,w9t] grape4 #h4 ,plan*on1 ,de ,c&olle's ,mon4 ,phan41 #e3cbc1 #cdc4 #ahhg4 #i4 ,munson1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3ad4 #ahij4 #aj4 ,ib41 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd1 #dge4 #ahij4 #aa4 ,britton & ,br[n1 #b3dji4 #ahig4 ,v4 ae/ivalis1 v>4 canesc5s2 ,v4 ae/ivalis1 v>4 c9]ea2 ,d[ny grape4 #ab4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbe4 #ahig4 ,sweet ,w9t] grape4 #ac4 ,bea*1 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecf1 #eeg4 #ahih4 #ad4 ,munson ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bah1 #bca1 #bdj4 #aijj4 ,sweet ,w9t] grape2 ,a%y grape4 #ae4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #hj4 ,v9e vigor\s1 climb+2 %oots m or less angl$1 cov]$ ) grayi% pubesc5ce :i* p]si/s into w9t]2 diaphragms ?ick to v ?ick2 int]nodes m$ium to long2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 long & /rong1 bifid4 ,leaves l>ge1 cordate1 seldom lob$ b frequ5tly not*$2 frequ5tly resembl+ a l9d5 leaf2 petiol> s9us m$ium 9 dep? & wid?1 r\nd$2 m>g9 %all[ly b %>ply too!d2 upp] surface cobwebby :5 "y1 becom+ glabr\s & dull :5 mature2 l[] surface & petiole cov]$ ) grayi% cobwebby pubesc5ce4 ,clu/] l>ge1 r loose2 p$uncle long2 p$icel sl5d]4 ,b]ries small1 black1 ) little if any bloom4 ,se$s small1 plump1 %ort beak2 *alaza r\nd or oval1 di/9ct2 raphe ridge-l1 di/9ct to slightly di/9ct4 ,rip5+ v late1 becom+ sweet aft] fro/4 ,c9]ea is v closely alli$ to ,ae/ivalis & 0 = a long "t consid]$ a "p ( t species4 ,9 #ahfg ,engelmann describ$ x "u ! "n ,vitis ae/ivalis1 v>4 c9]ea1 b 9 #ahhc he made x a species & x has be5 g5]ally reg>d$ by botani/s t ! po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! two =ms are su* t ! ,c9]ea des]ves specific recognition4 ,its habitat is ,new ,york1 we/ to ,nebraska & ,kansas ) ab\t #dj degrees z a nor!rn limit1 s\?w>d to ! ,gulf4 ,c9]ea gr[s along /reams mo/ly 9 limy soils1 & is seldom f\nd 9 v dry l&4 ,x cov]s ab\t ! same range z ,cordifolia except+ t x gr[s ne>] ! ,gulf & ext5ds across ! ,rio ,gr&e into ,mexico4 ,! species is v late 9 bloom+1 lat] ev5 ?an ,cordifolia4 ,x c be propagat$ f cutt+s only ) difficulty4 ,x is probably ( no importance horticulturally unless x be = wet l&s4 ,,vitis ,,c9]ea ,,floridana ,munson4 #a4 ,munson1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3ad4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,,c9]ea1 v>4 ,,floridana4 #b4 ,munson1 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,,c9]ea1 v>4 ,,floridana4 #c4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbe4 #ahig4 ,v4 ,,c9]ea1 v>4 ,,floridana4 ,vitis c9]ea floridana 0 nam$ by ,munson 9 #ahij4 ,x diff]s f ! regul> =m ( ,c9]ea 9 hav+ ! gr[+ tips & sometimes ! ve9s on ! "u side ( ! leaves m or less cov]$ ) ru/y tom5tum4 ,! clu/] is also long]-p$uncl$ & m comp\nd4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,florida & ,arkansas4 ,,vitis ,,c9]ea ,,canesc5s ,bailey4 #a4 ,engelmann1 ,am4 ,nat41 #b3cba4 #ahfh4 ,v4 ,,ae/ivalis1 v>4 ,,canesc5s4 #b4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbe4 #ahig4 ,v4 ,,c9]ea1 v>4 ,,canesc5s4 ,vitis c9]ea canesc5s 0 fir/ m5tion$ by ,engelmann 9 #ahfh "u ! "n ,vitis ae/ivalis1 v>4 canesc5s4 ,he does n describe x fur!r ?an to say t x approa*es ,cordifolia4 ,bailey's det]m9ation ( its position 0 made f ,engelmann's h]b>ium specim5s4 ,he says3 ,a =m ) r\nd$ or he>t-l leaves1 ! upp] half ( ! leaf lack+ ! triangul> & #c-lob$ %ape ( ! type4 ,?is v>iety has be5 f\nd 9 ,miss\ri1 ,ill9ois & ,texas4 #ad4 ,,vitis ,,arizonica ,engelm4 #a4 ,engelmann1 ,am4 ,nat41 #b3cba4 #ahfh4 #b4 ,p>ry1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahgj3daf4 ,v4 ,,arizon5sis4 #c4 ,engelmann1 ,mo4 ,ent4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3fb4 #d4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aj1 #ab1 #ad1 #af4 ,arizona grape4 #e4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3acb4 ,arizona grape4 #f4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ig4 ,arizona grape4 #g4 ,plan*on1 ,de ,c&olle's ,mon4 ,phan41 #e3cbc1 #cdb4 #ahhg4 ,v4 ,cali=nica2 ,v4 ,arizon5sis2 ,v4 rip>ia4 #h4 ,munson1 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,arizona grape4 #i4 ,ib41 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd4 #ahij4 #aj4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3aj4 #ahij4 #aa4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3ffj4 #ahia4 ,canyon grape4 #ab4 ,ib41 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic3aaf4 ,gul* grape4 #ac4 ,munson1 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3bj4 ,canon grape4 #ad4 ,husmann1 #ahie3d1 #ahi4 #ae4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbe4 #ahig4 ,canon grape4 #af4 ,bea*1 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecf1 #eeg4 #ahih4 #ag4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bcj1 #bci4 #aijj4 ,d[ny ,canyon grape4 #ah4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3ajb4 ,v9e weak 9 gr[?1 %rubby or climb+ mod]ately1 num]\s angul> bran*lets2 diaphragms ?ick4 ,leaves mo/ly small1 cordate1 ) r op5 r\nd$ petiol> s9us1 entire or indi/9ctly ?ree-lob$ 7sometimes di/9ctly lob$ on "y plants71 co>sely & regul>ly too!d2 ?ick1 rigid1 slightly rugose above1 :5 "y1 :ite-woolly bel[1 becom+ ne>ly glabr\s ) age4 ,clu/]s small1 comp\nd2 p$uncle sl5d]1 ( m$ium l5g?4 ,b]ries black1 small to m$ium 9 size2 pleasant 9 ta/e4 ,se$s two to ?ree ( m$ium size2 *alaza oval 9 %ape1 slightly di/9ct2 raphe flat1 usually inconspicu\s1 r>ely prom95t4 ,arizonica 0 nam$ & fir/ describ$ by ,engelmann 9 #ahfh4 ,x 0 lat] describ$ by ,p>ry1 botani/ ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 f specim5s s5t to him by ,dr4 ,*>les ,sm>t1 an army surgeon /ation$ 9 s\!rn ,arizona1 9 #ahfg4 ,p>ry says t ,engelmann consid]$ x a di/9ct species & _h provisionally nam$ x ,vitis arizon5sis4 ,z to ! "n1 ?is is evid5tly an error 9 quot+ ,engelmann4 ,its habitat is ,we/]n ,texas1 ,new ,mexico1 ,arizona1 ,*ihuahua 7,mexico71 & ,s\? ,utah4 ,?is grape is adapt$ only to ! arid di/ricts ( ! ,we/4 ,:5 rais$ 9 humid climates x is subject to ! attacks ( mildew & black-rot4 ,z might be expect$ f its habitat1 x endures int5se dr\?s4 ,x gr[s well on lime/one1 pebbly1 or alluvial soils4 ,x has a consid]able degree ( resi/ance to phyllox]a1 gr[s readily f cutt+s1 & accord+ to ,munson1 c )/& z]o temp]ature )\t injury4 ,z ! ,european grapes c be rais$ 9 its native c\ntry1 x is n !re reg>d$ z valuable1 al?\gh ! fruit is said to be ri* 9 sug> & to be ( pure flavor4 ,x has be5 us$ 9 ,cali=nia z a /ock1 b is n reg>d$ 9 any section v favorably & its use has nev] become ext5sive probably ow+ to its lack ( vigor4 ,x suck]s less ?an ,rupe/ris4 ,arizonica blossoms ab\t ! "t ( ,labrusca4 ,x is ( no value to ! grape-gr[]s ( ! ,ea/ & probably ( none to ^? ( ! ,we/4 ,,vitis ,,arizonica ,,glabra ,munson4 #a4 ,munson1 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,,arizonica1 v>4 ,,glabra4 #b4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3aj4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,,arizonica1 v>4 ,,glabra4 #c4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3ffj4 #ahia4 ,v4 ,,arizonica1 v>4 ,,glabra4 #d4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3bj4 ,v4 ,,arizonica1 v>4 ,,glabra4 #e4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbf4 #ahig4 ,v4 ,,arizonica1 v>4 ,,glabra4 ,vitis arizonica glabra 0 nam$ by ,munson 9 #ahij4 ,x diff]s f ! regul> =m 9 hav+ glossy1 glabr\s leaves :i* are mo/ly l>g] & ?9n]4 ,! v>iety is f\nd 9 ! region f ,albuqu]que1 ,new ,mexico to ,truxton1 ,arizona1 & nor?w>d into s\!rn ,utah4 #ae4 ,,vitis ,,cali=nica ,b5?4#add #a4 ,b5?am1 ,bot4 ,sulph4 ,voy41 #ahdd3aj4 #b4 ,buckley1 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahfa3dgi1 #dhc4 ,cali=nia grape4 #c4 ,engelmann1 ,mo4 ,ent4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3fb4 #d4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ad1 #ae4 ,cali=nia grape4 #e4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3acg4 #f4 ,plan*on1 ,de ,c&olle's ,mon4 ,phan41 #e3cbc1 #cci4 #ahhg4 #g4 ,munson1 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,cali=nia grape4 #h4 ,hammond1 ,g>4 & ,=41 #b3ci4 #ahhi4 ,wild grape4 #i4 ,munson1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3aj4 #ahij4 #aj4 ,ib41 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd1 #dge4 #ahij4 #aa4 ,ib41 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic3aaf4 #ab4 ,husmann1 #ahie3d1 #ahi4 #ac4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbf4 #ahig4 #ad4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bcj1 #bci4 #aijj4 ,nor? ,cali=nia grape4 #ae4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #ej4 ,v9e vigor\s1 climb+1 b %rubby if left )\t support2 %oots cyl9drical or slightly angl$2 diaphragms ( m$ium ?ickness to r ?92 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid or trifid4 ,leaves ) /ipules m$ium to small2 leaf broadly cordate2 petiol> s9us v>iable1 usually wide & op51 usually entire1 sometimes slightly tri-lob$2 tee? v>iable 9 size1 blunt2 smoo? above & v>y+ bel[ f glabr\s to mu* :iti% pubesc5ce4 ,clu/]s small to m$ium1 usually compact2 p$uncle mo/ly long & sl5d]4 ,b]ries small1 black ) r abundant bloom4 ,se$s small to m$ium1 plump1 slightly not*$1 if at all2 *alaza oblong-oval2 raphe slightly di/9ct or invisible4 ,cali=nica 0 nam$ & describ$ by ,b5?am 9 #ahdd4 ,x 0 lat] m5tion$ by ,newb]ry1 ,torrey & o!rs4 ,z ^! descriptions 7 all made ei!r f h]b>ium specim5s or by botani/s travel+ ?r\gh ! region1 !y are n s def9ite z ^? made lat]4 ,! habitat ( ,cali=nica is ! nor!rn half ( ,cali=nia along /reams we/ ( ! ,si]ra ,nevada m\nta9s & nor? into ,rogue ,riv] ,valley 9 s\!rn ,oregon1 its nor!rn limit4 ,?is species is int]e/+ 9 t x is a native ( a region ( ,nor? ,am]ica n orig9ally infe/$ ) phyllox]a1 b 9 :i* phyllox]a has s9ce be5 introduc$4 ,z might be suspect$1 x has little m resi/ance to ?is insect ?an ,v9if]a & less ?an any o!r ,am]ican species4 ,! roots are ?ick & fle%y1 resembl+ ,v9if]a4 ,! fruit1 :ile pleasant1 is too small to be ( cultural value4 ,x is too t5d] = plant+ 9 ! op5 gr\nd :]e ! !rmomet] drops mu* bel[ freez+4 ,cali=nia gr[]s /ate t x does n fl\ri% 9 dry %all[ soils4 ,x is v susceptible to attacks ( mildew1 to :i* x usually succumbs :5 plant$ ea/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,cali=nica gr[s readily f cutt+s4 ,x is sometimes us$ 9 its native c\ntry z an ornam5tal on acc\nt ( its highly color$ autumn foliage b is o!rwise ( no value4 #af4 ,,vitis ,,girdiana ,munson4 #a4 ,munson1 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,cali=nia grape4 #b4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3aj4 #ahij4 #c4 ,ib41 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd4 #ahij4 #d4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3ffj4 #ahia4 ,valley grape4 #e4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbf4 #ahig4 ,valley grape4 #f4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bcj1 #bci4 #aijj4 ,s\? ,cali=nia grape4 #g4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3ej4 ,v4 ,,cali=nica1 v>4 ,,girdiana4 ,v9e vigor\s1 climb+2 %oots sc>cely angl$1 m or less cov]$ ) grayi% pubesc5ce2 diaphragms m$ium to ?ick2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid or trifid4 ,leaves ) m$ium to small /ipules2 blade broadly cordate1 r ?91 entire or obscurely ?ree-lob$ 7sometimes di/9ctly ?ree-lob$ on "y %oots72 petiol> s9us usually n>r[1 r deep2 m>g9 ) _m small & acute tee?2 "u surface cov]$ ) ?ick grayi% p]si/5t pubesc5ce4 ,clu/] m$ium to l>ge1 comp\nd1 r loose2 p$uncle ( m$ium l5g?1 sl5d]4 ,b]ries small1 black1 ) ?9 bloom2 sk9 ?9 b t\gh2 m$ium to late 9 rip5+4 ,sweet :5 ripe ) a %>p pung5cy 9 ! sk94 ,se$s simil> to ^? ( ,vitis cali=nica4 ,girdiana 0 sep>at$ f ,vitis cali=nica by ,munson 9 #ahhg4 ,x is closely alli$ to1 & is by _m botani/s /ill consid]$ a v>iety ( ,cali=nica4 ,wild hybrids ) ,vitis v9if]a are frequ5tly f\nd 9 regions :]e x is indig5\s4 ,girdiana inhabits s\!rn ,cali=nia 9 ! region we/ & nor? ( ,yuma & ! valleys ( s\!rn ,cali=nia s\?w>d into ,mexico4 ,its nor!rn limit is approximately ! ,mojave des]t4 ,! individuals ( ! species are v num]\s1 cov]+ %rubs & trees 9 ! regions :]e x gr[s4 ,! species is v susceptible to mildew & black-rot1 & l ,cali=nica is n resi/ant to phyllox]a4 ,girdiana is m s5sitive to cold ?an ,v9if]a4 ,analyses %[ t ! fruit ( ! species is defici5t 9 sug> & acid4 ,girdiana is b little kn[n b c]ta9ly is ( no value to ! grape-gr[]s ( ! ,ea/ or ,nor? & probably ( none to ^? ( ! ,s\?we/4 #ag4 ,,vitis ,,doaniana ,munson4 #a4 ,an4 ,hort41 #ahhi3aja4 #b4 ,munson1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3i4 #ahij4 #c4 ,ib41 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd4 #ahij4 #d4 ,ib41 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic3aaf4 ,doan's grape4 #e4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3bj1 #bb1 #bd4 ,doan's grape4 #f4 ,se>s1 ,g>4 & ,=41 #i3ded4 #ahif4 #g4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbg4 #ahig4 #h4 ,bea*1 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecf1 #eeg4 #ahih4 #i4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bcb1 #bcd1 #bce1 #bdj1 #bfh4 #aijj4 fig4 ,texas ,panh&le ,l>ge ,grape4 #aj4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3aed4 ,v9e vigor\s1 climb+ or %rubby if left )\t support2 wood on mature canes cyl9drical or slightly angl$2 diaphragm ?92 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid1 r weak4 ,leaves m$ium 9 size1 broadly cordate1 not*$ or lob$ & ) a triangul> apex2 petiol> s9us m$ium 9 dep?1 usually n>r[2 m>g9s ) r l>ge1 not*$-l tee?2 upp] surface ( a peculi> blui%-gre51 frequ5tly some:at rugose ) m or less tom5tum2 l[] surface usually ) a d5se :iti% pubesc5ce :i* %[s also on %oots4 ,clu/] m$ium to small4 ,b]ries v>iable 9 size1 av]age m$ium1 black ) a ?ick bloom4 ,se$s some:at resembl+ ,labrusca b ) %ort] beak & m di/9ct *alaza2 has *>act]i/ic groove ext5d+ f *alaza to beak4 ,doaniana is q v>iable1 "s specim5s be+ ne>ly glabr\s at maturity :ile o!rs are d5sely cov]$ ) :ite pubesc5ce4 ,munson has sep>at$ ! species into two =ms :i* he calls ! e>ly ,doaniana & ! late ,doaniana4 ,! species 0 describ$ & nam$ by ,munson 9 #ahij4 ,x is f\nd *iefly 9 nor?we/ ,texas b x ranges f ,oklahoma to beyond ! ,pecos ,riv] 9 ,new ,mexico4 ,x is consid]$ by ,bailey & ,viala to be a probable hybrid ) ,vitis c&icans z "o ( ! p>5ts4 ,doaniana is exce$+ly h>dy1 )/&+ great cold z well z great heat4 ,x app>5tly pref]s r light soils z x is indig5\s to s&banks along riv]s & ! b$s ( s&y rav9es4 ,munson /ates t 9 cultivation x does well 9 any b v limy soils4 ,! fruit is ( comp>atively good quality b ! sk9 possesses "s ( ! pung5cy ( ,c&icans4 ,! b]ries are q p]si/5t1 hang+ to ! p$icel "s "t aft] ripe4 ,! v9es are n productive4 ,! "* ( ! mu/ is app>5tly unkn[n4 ,! roots are h>d1 p5etrate deeply into ! soil1 & are resi/ant to phyllox]a ?\gh some:at v>iable 9 ?is respect4 ,doaniana gr[s readily f cutt+s & grafts well 9 ! v9ey>d4 ,! species blossoms ) or j be=e ,labrusca4 ,x is ( d\btful value to ! s\!rn grape-gr[]s & is ( no value 9 ! ,nor?4 #ah4 ,,vitis ,,ae/ivalis ,mi*x4 #a4 787 ,m>%all1 #aghe3afe4 ,v4 ,,v9if]a ,,am]icana2 ,am]ican grape v9e4 #b4 787 ,walt]1 #aghh3bdb4 ,v4 ,,labrusca4 #c4 ,mi*aux1 #b3bcj4 #ahjc4 #d4 ,b>tram1 ,dom4 ,enc41 #e3bhi4 #ahjd4 ,v4 ,,sylve/ris2 ,v4 occid5talis2 ,common ,blue grape2 ,bun* grape4 #e4 ,muhl5b]g1 #ahac3bg4 ,v4 ,,int]m$ia2 ,v4 ae/ivalis2 ,summ] grape4 #f4 ,pur%1 #a3afi4 #ahad4 ,v4 vulp9a2 ,v4 labrusca2 ,summ] grape4 #g4 ,nuttall1 #a3adc4 #ahah4 #h4 ,elliott1 #b3fhh4 #ahbd4 #i4 ,torrey1 ,fl4 ( ,n4 ,m4 ,/a41 #ahbf3aba4 #aj4 ,raf9esque1 #ahcj3i4 ,v4 ,,bracteata2 ,v4 labrusca2 ,v4 ae/ivalis2 ,s\r grape4 #aa4 ,pr9ce1 #ahcj3aii4 ,v4 int]m$ia2 ,v4 sylve/ris2 ,v4 occid5talis2 ,summ] grape2 ,little grape2 ,bun* grape2 ,blue grape4 #ab4 ,torrey1 ,fl4 ( ,n4 ,y41 #a3adf4 #ahdc4 ,v4 int]m$ia2 ,summ] grape4 #ac4 ,d>l+ton1 #ahec3ej4 ,little grape2 ,summ] grape4 #ad4 ,le ,conte1 ,phil4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 #f3bgb4 #ahec4 ,v4 ,,araneosus4 #ae4 ,ib41 ,ib41 #f3bga4 #ahec4 ,v4 ,,bracteata2 ,v4 ae/ivalis2 ,duck-%ot grape2 ,swamp grape4 #af4 ,buckley1 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahfa3dha1 #dhb4 ,fro/ grape2 ,*ick5 grape4 #ag4 ,/ayman1 ,g>4 ,mon41 #aa3cg1 #ch1 #dj4 #ahfi4 ,summ] grape4 #ah4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3d1 #g1 #aac4 #ahfi4 #ai4 ,engelmann1 ,mo4 ,ent4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3fa4 ,summ] grape4 #bj4 ,engelmann1 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ad1 #af4 ,summ] grape4 #ba4 ,bu%1 ,ib41 #ahhc3bb4 #bb4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3acd4 ,summ] grape4 #bc4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ig1 #ih4 ,summ] grape4 #bd4 ,plan*on1 ,de ,c&olle's ,mon4 ,phan41 #e3cbc1 #ccd4 #ahhg4 ,summ] grape2 ,*ick5 grape2 ,little grape4 #be4 ,munson1 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd4 #ahij4 #bf4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3aa4 #ahij4 #bg4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3bj1 #bb1 #bg1 #bh4 ,summ] grape4 #bh4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbg4 #ahig4 ,summ] grape2 ,bun* grape2 ,pigeon grape2 ,v4 sylve/ris2 ,v4 occid5talis2 ,v4 ,am]icana2 ,v4 ,nortoni2 ,v4 labrusca1 v>4 ae/ivalis2 ,v4 bracteata2 ,v4 araneosus4 #bi4 ,britton & ,br[n1 #b3dji4 #ahig4 ,summ] grape2 ,small grape4 #cj4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bca1 #bcd1 #bff4 #aijj4 #ca4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #ei4 ,v9e v vigor\s2 %oots slightly pubesc5t or smoo? :5 "y2 diaphragms m$ium to r ?ick2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 usually bifid4 ,leaves ) %ort1 broad /ipules2 leaf-blade m$ium to v l>ge1 r ?9 :5 "y b becom+ r ?ick2 petiol> s9us deep1 usually n>r[1 frequ5tly ov]lapp+2 m>g9 r>ely entire1 usually ?ree- to five-lob$2 tee? d5tate1 %all[1 m$ium wide2 upp] surface r d>k gre52 l[] surface ) m or less r$di% or ru/y pubesc5ce :i*1 9 mature leaves1 usually %[s 9 pat*es on ! ribs & ve9s2 petioles frequ5tly pubesc5t4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 usually long1 n mu* bran*$1 ) long p$uncle4 ,b]ries small to m$ium1 ) mod]ate am\nt ( bloom1 usually some:at a/r+5t4 ,se$s two to ?ree1 ( m$ium size to above1 plump1 usually smoo?1 n not*$2 *alaza oval1 di/9ct2 raphe a di/9ct cord-l ridge4 ,leaf+ & rip5+ fruit late to v late4 7,see ,plate47 ,vitis ae/ivalis is v>iable1 p>ticul>ly 9 its leaf *>act]s1 su* z quantity ( pubesc5ce1 size1 %ape & ?ickness ( leaf4 ,^? :o are mo/ famili> ) x are ( ! op9ion t 9 a g5]al way ! leaves increase 9 ?ickness s\?w>d & t ! pubesc5ce dim9i%es 9 quantity & becomes /iff] on dry1 poor soils4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%oot ,,( ,,vitis ,,ae/ivalis ,ae/ivalis 0 probably describ$ by "s ( ! botani/s be=e ,mi*aux's day b1 if s1 none ( ! descriptions is suffici5tly def9ite & compreh5sive to be recogniz$ ) c]ta9ty4 ,mi*aux 0 ! fir/ to describe x "u ! "n ( ,ae/ivalis4 ,x seems to h be5 g5]ally kn[n1 z ,b>tram describ$ x a %ort "t lat] "u ! "n ( ,vitis sylve/ris ) ,vitis occid5talis z a synonym4 ,he says3 ,?is is ! mo/ common grape4 ,ow+ to ! great v>iation 9 ! diff]5t =ms ( ! species z x 0 !n und]/ood1 _m ( ! lat] botani/s gave descriptions ( x :i* did n agree4 ,?is unc]ta9ty & ! difficulty ( giv+ a description :i* w\ld fit all ( ! =ms has be5 reliev$ 9 a measure2 fir/1 by ! new species :i* h be5 creat$1 su* z ,bicolor1 ,monticola & ,c9]ea1 f :at w\ld h once be5 reg>d$ z ,ae/ivalis2 & second1 by ! description & g5]al acceptance ( well-kn[n v>ietal =ms1 su* z ,l9cecumii & ,b\rqu9iana4 ,! division ( ! orig9al species has also r$uc$ ! habitat mat]ially1 conf9+ x to ! s\!a/]n portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates f s\!rn ,new ,york to ,florida & we/w>d to ! ,mississippi ,riv]4 ,ae/ivalis gr[s 9 ?ickets & op5+s 9 ! woods & %[s no su* fondness = /reams z ,rip>ia or = ?ick timb] z ,labrusca1 b is g5]ally conf9$ to upl&s4 ,"u favorable circum/ances ! v9es gr[ to be v l>ge4 ,ae/ivalis is preem95tly a w9e grape4 ,! fruit usually has a t>t1 acrid ta/e1 due to ! pres5ce ( a high p]c5tage ( acid1 b !re is also a l>ge am\nt ( sug>1 ! scale %[+ t juice f ?is species has a mu* high] p]c5tage ( sug> ?an ! sweet] ta/+ ,labruscas4 ,! w9e made f v>ieties ( ,ae/ivalis is v ri* 9 color+ matt]1 & is us$ by "s ,european v9tn]s to mix ) ! mu/ ( ,european sorts 9 ord] to give ! comb9$ product a high] color4 ,! b]ries are de/itute ( pulp1 h a comp>atively ?91 t\gh sk91 & a peculi> spicy flavor4 ,! b]ries hang to ! bun* aft] becom+ ripe mu* bett] ?an d ^? ( ,labrusca4 ,! species ?rives 9 a light] & %all[] soil ?an ,labrusca & appe>s to endure dr\? bett]1 al?\gh n equal+ 9 ?is respect ei!r ,rip>ia or ,rupe/ris4 ,a s\!rn or s\!a/]n exposure gives bett] results = ,ae/ivalis or ,ae/ivalis hybrid v9es ?an a nor!rn "o4 ,! ,fr5* gr[]s report t ,ae/ivalis is v liable to *lorosis on soils :i* conta9 mu* lime4 ,! leaves are nev] injur$ by ! sun1 & !y resi/ ! attacks ( insects1 su* z leaf-hopp]s1 bett] ?an any o!r ,am]ican species "u cultivation4 ,ae/ivalis is r>ely injur$ by rot or mildew1 accord+ to ,am]ican exp]i5ce1 b ,fr5* gr[]s speak ( its be+ susceptible to bo?4 ,! h>d roots ( ,ae/ivalis enable x to resi/ phyllox]a1 & v>ieties ) any great am\nt ( ! blood ( ?is species are seldom s]i\sly injur$ by ?is insect4 ,an objection to ,ae/ivalis1 f a horticultural /&po9t1 is t x does n root well f cutt+s4 ,_m au?orities speak ( x z n root+ at all f cutt+s1 b ?is is an ov]/atem5t ( ! facts1 z _m ( ! wild & cultivat$ v>ieties are occasionally propagat$ 9 ?is mann]1 & "s s\!rn nurs]ies1 locat$ 9 p>ticul>ly favorable situations1 make a practice ( propagat+ x by ?is me?od4 ,x is d\btful1 h[ev]1 if x c\ld be successfully propagat$ f cutt+s 9 ,new ,york4 ,v>ieties ( ?is species be> graft+ well1 especially 9 ! v9ey>d4 ,ae/ivalis blooms j aft] ,labrusca4 ,z might be inf]r$ f its habitat1 mo/ cultivat$ v>ieties ( ?is species require a long] season to mature _! fruit ?an t ( ,new ,york4 ,on ?is acc\nt x is probable t ,bicolor1 once kn[n z a nor!rn =m ( ,ae/ivalis1 is m promis+ horticulturally = ! ,nor? ?an ! true ,ae/ivalis ( ! ,s\!a/4 ,,vitis ,,ae/ivalis ,,l9cecumii#ade ,munson4 #a4 787 ,raf9esque1 #ahcj3i4 ,v4 ,,multiloba2 ,dissect$ v9e4 #b4 787 ,pr9ce1 #ahcj3ahc4 ,v4 ,,div]sifolia4 #c4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahdg3aii4 ,,po/ ,,oak ,,grape4 #d4 ,buckley1 ,ib41 #ahfa3dhe4 ,v4 ,,l9secomii2 ,po/-oak grape2 ,p9e-wood grape4 #e4 ,ib41 ,proc4 ,phil4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 #ahfa3dej4 ,v4 ,,l9secomii4 #f4 ,engelmann1 ,mo4 ,ent4 ,rpt41 #ahgd3gd4 #g4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3af1 #bc4 ,po/-oak grape4 #h4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ace4 ,v4 ,,l9cecumii2 ,po/-oak4 #i4 ,plan*on1 ,de ,c&olle's ,mon4 ,phan4 #e3cbc1 #cch4 #ahhg4 ,v4 ,,l9cecumii2 ,po/-oak grape2 ,v9e ,wood grape2 ,v4 ae/ivalis1 v>4 ,l9cecumii2 ,v4 incisifolia2 ,v4 multiloba8 #aj4 ,munson1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3ab4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,,l9cecumii4 #aa4 ,ib41 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,,l9cecumii4 #ab4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3ehe4 #ahia4 ,v4 ,,l9cecumii2 ,po/-oak grape4 #ac4 ,ib41 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic3aaf4 ,v4 ,,l9cecumii2 ,po/ ,oak grape4 #ad4 ,mc,cluer1 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3beg4 #ahic4 ,v4 ,,l9cecumii2 ,po/-oak grape4 #ae4 ,munson1 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3bj1 #bb1 #bg4 fig4 ,v4 ,,l9cecumii2 ,texas ,po/-oak grape4 #af4 ,husmann1 #ahie3aaj4 ,v4 ,,l9cecumii2 ,summ] grape2 ,po/ ,oak grape4 #ag4 ,munson1 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ef3faj4 #ahig4 ,v4 ,,l9cecumii2 ,po/-oak grape4 #ah4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3fb4 #ahii4 ,v4 ,,l9cecumii2 ,texas ,po/ ,oak grape4 #ai4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bah1 #bca1 #bcd1 #bce1 #bdj1 #bfa1 #bfd4 #aijj4 fig4 ,v4 ,,l9cecumii2 ,po/-oak grape4 #bj4 ,bailey1 ,cyc4 ,am4 ,hort41 #d3aied4 #aijb4 ,v4 div]sifolia2 ,po/-oak2 ,p9e-wood2 ,turkey grape4 #ba4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #eg4 ,v4 ,,l9cecumii2 ,po/ ,oak4 ,v9e vigor\s1 sometimes climb+ high ^u trees1 sometimes =m+ a bu%y clump f two to six feet high2 canes cyl9drical1 mu* ru/y wool on %oots2 t5drils int]mitt5t4 ,leaves v l>ge1 almo/ z wide z long2 entire or ?ree-1 five-1 or r>ely sev5-lob$2 lobes frequ5tly divid$2 s9uses1 includ+ petiol> s9us1 deep2 smoo? above1 & ) m or less ru/y pubesc5ce bel[4 7,! nor?-,texas1 s\?we/]n ,miss\ri & nor!rn ,arkansas =m %[s little or no pubesc5ce b has f9e prickly sp9es at base ( %oots & %[s mu* blue bloom on %oots1 canes & ! "u side ( ! leaves47 ,fruit small to l>ge1 usually l>g] ?an typical ,ae/ivalis1 usually black ) heavy bloom4 ,se$s l>g] ?an ,ae/ivalis1 pe>-%ap$2 *alaza r\ndi%4 ,l9cecumii seems to h be5 fir/ describ$ by ,raf9esque1 9 #ahcj "u ! "n ,vitis multiloba4 ,8 description fits fairly well1 & z ! s\rce f :i* ! v9es 7 secur$ is )9 ! habitat ( ! species1 !re appe>s b little d\bt z to its correctness4 ,9 ! same ye> ,pr9ce gives a v brief description ( a grape f ,texas "u ! "n ,vitis div]sifolia :i* is probably ?is grape4 ,! fir/ description ( ! v>iety 7or species7 9 su* detail t x c\ld n be mi/ak5 0 t ( ,buckley 9 #ahfa1 z ,vitis l9secomii4 ,x inhabits ! ea/]n half ( ,texas1 we/]n ,l\isiana1 ,indian ,t]ritory1 ,arkansas & s\!rn ,miss\ri on high s&y l&1 frequ5tly climb+ po/-oak trees1 h5ce ! "n1 ,po/-oak grape1 by :i* x is locally kn[n4 ,l9cecumii has attract$ consid]able att5tion ?r\gh ! "w ( ,h4 ,jaeg] & ,t4 ,v4 ,munson 9 dome/icat+ x1 bo? ( :om consid]$ x "o ( ! mo/1 if n ! mo/1 promis+ =m f :i* to secure cultivat$ v>ieties = ! ,s\?we/4 ,! qualities :i* recomm5d$ x to !m are3 ,fir/1 its vigor2 second1 its capacity to )/& rot & mildew2 ?ird1 its h>d9ess & capacity to endure hot & dry summ]s )\t injury2 & f\r?1 ! l>ge clu/] & b]ry :i* 7 f\nd on c]ta9 ( ! wild v9es4 ,x requires a long] season to mature ?an t ( ,new ,york & is1 consequ5tly1 ( b little int]e/ to grape-gr[]s 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,! fruit is *>act]i/ic because ( its d5se bloom1 firm1 yet t5d] texture & ! peculi> s-call$ ,po/-oak flavor4 ,! cultivat$ v>ieties h giv5 satisfaction 9 _m sections ( ! c5tral we/]n & s\!rn /ates4 ,l ,ae/ivalis1 x is difficult to propagate f cutt+s4 ,! nor?-,texas glauc\s =m ( ?is v>iety m5tion$ 9 ! te*nical description above is ! ,vitis ae/ivalis glauca ( ,bailey4 ,?is is ! type ( ,l9cecumii t ,munson has us$ 9 8 bre$+ "w4 ,,vitis ,,ae/ivalis ,,b\rqu9iana ,bailey4#adf #a4 ,g>b]1 ,g>4 ,mon41 #a3ge4 #ahei4 #b4 ,engelmann1 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3af4 7,,v>ieties ,,( ,,s\!rn ,,orig974 #c4 ,bu%1 ,ib41 #ahhc3bc4 ,,s\!rn ,,ae/ivalis4 #d4 ,an4 ,hort41 #ahhi3aja4 ,v4 ,,b\rqu9a4 #e4 ,munson1 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd1 #dge4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,,b\rqu9iana2 ,s\!rn ,ae/ivalis4 #f4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3ab4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,,b\rqu9iana4 #g4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3ehd4 #ahia4 ,v4 ,,b\rqu9iana2 ,s\!rn ,ae/ivalis4 #h4 ,pop5oe & ,mason1 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dd3aag4 #ahic4 ,v4 ,,b\rqu9iana4 #i4 ,munson1 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3bj1 #bb1 #bg4 ,v4 ,,b\rqu9iana2 ,s\!rn ,ae/ivalis4 #aj4 ,husmann1 #ahie3f1 #h4 ,v4 ,,b\rqu9iana4 #aa4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,feb4 #h1 #ahif3aj4 ,v4 ,,b\rqu9iana2 ,s\!rn ,ae/ivalis4 #ab4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbh4 #ahig4 #ac4 ,ib41 ,ev4 ,nat4 ,fr41 #ahih3ha1 #hc1 #aad4 #ad4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,g>d41 #bj3afhh4 #ahii4 ,v4 ,,b\rqu9iana4 #ae4 ,ib41 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bca1 #bdj1 #bfa4 #aijj4 ,v4 ,,b\rqu9iana2 ,s\!rn ,ae/ivalis4 #af4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3agh4 ,v4 ,,b\rqu9iana4 ,b\rqu9iana greatly resembles ,ae/ivalis & diff]s *iefly f ?is species 9 hav+ ?9n] leaves & 9 t ! %oots & "u side ( ! leaves are only slightly r$di%-br[n 9 color & ! pubesc5ce usually disappe>s at maturity2 ?is pubesc5ce is mo/ly ( an a%y or dun color4 ,! leaves on "s ( ! v9es are m deeply lob$ ?an is at all common 9 ,ae/ivalis4 ,! fruit is consid]ably l>g] ?an t ( ,ae/ivalis1 sweet] & m juicy4 ,! botanical v>iety1 ,b\rqu9iana1 is kn[n only 9 cultivation4 ,x is m5tion$ by ,g>b] 9 #ahei & by ,engelmann 9 #ahhc4 ,speak+ ( ,ae/ivalis ! latt] says3 ,un=tunately ! typical =ms _c be propagat$ by cutt+s & !re are a numb] ( v>ieties :i*1 orig9at+ f a s\!rn home1 are n q h>dy "h b on ! o!r h& h ! advantage ( be+ readily propagat$ by slips 9 "s favorable localities4 99 99 99 ,un=tunately no wild plant f :i* ^! v>ieties might h sprung is yet kn[n b mu/ be look$ = 9 ! m\nta9s & hills ( ! ,c>ol9as & ,georgia & only :5 f\nd 9 a wild /ate c we correctly judge ( _! botanical /atus4 ,! "n ,b\rqu9iana 0 giv5 by ,munson1 :o ranks ! gr\p z a species4 ,he includes !re9 _m s\!rn v>ieties ! mo/ important ( :i* are3 ,h]bemont1 ,b]tr&1 ,cunn+ham1 & ,l5oir1 ^! he gr\ps 9 ! ,h]bemont section2 & ,dev]eaux1 ,l\isiana & ,w>r51 he puts 9 ! ,dev]eaux section4 ,munson has trac$ ! hi/ory ( ?is int]e/+ gr\p & /ates t x 0 br\ght f s\!rn ,france to ,am]ica ov] #aej ye>s ago by ! ,b\rqu9 family ( ,savannah1 ,georgia4 ,_m botani/s h be5 ( ! op9ion t ,b\rqu9iana is a hybrid4 ,engelmann says3 ,i w only /ate "h t a slight suspicion exi/s ( _! be+ hybrids betwe5 ,v4 ae/ivalis & "s =m ( v9if]a ?\gh ! se$s are entirely ^? ( ! =m] & also ! resi/ance to phyllox]a4 ,mill>det consid]s ,b\rqu9iana to be a mix$ hybrid ( ,ae/ivalis1 ,c9]ea & ,v9if]a4 ,! hybrid supposition is c]ta9ly corroborat$ to a degree at lea/ by ! *>act]s be+ m or less int]m$iate betwe5 ! p>5t species & also by ! fact t up to date no wild =m ( ,b\rqu9iana has be5 f\nd4 ,munson's d]ivation ( ! orig9 has n be5 accept$ by ei!r ,fr5* or ,am]ican botani/s4 ,9 ?is connection ,bailey says3 ,x is unassumable t a native grape di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! ,m$it]ranean region c\ld h escap$ = c5turies ! critical se>* ( ,european botani/s & ! k ( hundr$s ( g5]ations ( vign]ons to be discov]$ at la/ transplant$ 9 ! new _w4 ,bu% says3 ,?is rem9ds u =cibly ( ! ',p$ro ,xim5es' 7call$ also ,:ite ,gre5 ,riesl+71 :i* 0 believ$ to h be5 br\ght to ,spa9 f ! banks ( ! ,moselle by ! man ^: "n x be>s4 ,c\nt ,od>t1 a celebrat$ ampelograph1 wittily said3 ,if he 7,xim5es7 took any he took ,,all1 = no su* v9e gr[s n[ nor? ( ! ,pyr5ees4' ,?us we also ?9k3 ,if ,mr4 ,b\rqu9 took any ( ! above grapes he took ,,all1 = no ,h]bemont or ,l5oir c n[ be f\nd native 9 ,europe4 ,! only nor!rn v>iety ( grape ( any importance t is suppos$ to h ,b\rqu9iana blood is ! ,delaw>e1#adg & 9 ?is case only a fraction ( ,b\rqu9iana blood is presumably pres5t4 ,b\rqu9iana c be propagat$ f cutt+s m easily ?an ! typical ,ae/ivalis b n s readily z ,labrusca1 ,rip>ia or ,v9if]a4 ,_m ( ! v>ieties ( ,b\rqu9iana %[ a m>k$ susceptibility to mildew & black-rot2 9 fact1 ! :ole ,h]bemont gr\p is mu* inf]ior 9 ?is respect to ! ,norton gr\p ( ,ae/ivalis4 ,! roots are some:at h>d1 bran* r freely & are q resi/ant to phyllox]a4 #ai4 ,,vitis ,,bicolor ,le ,conte4#adh #a4 ,le ,conte1 ,proc4 ,phil4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 #f3bgb4 #ahec4 ,v4 ae/ivalis 7,d>l+ton74 #b4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #aheg3bcj4 ,two-color$-leav$ v9e4 #c4 ,munson1 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,v4 ,,arg5tifolia2 ,blue grape4 #d4 ,an4 ,hort41 #ahhi3aja4 #e4 ,munson1 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd4 #ahij4 #f4 ,munson1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3ab4 #ahij4 #g4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3ehe4 #ahia4 ,blue grape2 ,nor!rn ,summ] grape4 #h4 ,ib41 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic3aaf4 ,blue grape2 ,nor!rn ae/ivalis4 #i4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbh4 #ahig4 ,blue grape2 ,nor!rn ,summ] grape4 #aj4 ,britton & ,br[n1 #b3dji4 #ahig4 ,blue grape2 ,w9t] grape2 ,v4 ae/ivalis1 v>4 bicolor4 #aa4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bca1 #bcd1 #bdj1 #bff4 #aijj4 ,blue grape4 #ab4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #ei4 ,v9e vigor\s1 climb+2 %oots cyl9drical or slightly angl$1 ) r long int]nodes1 g5]ally p]fectly glabr\s1 usually %[+ mu* blue bloom1 sometimes sp9y at base2 diaphragms m$ium to ?ick2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 long1 usually bifid4 ,leaves ) %ort1 broad /ipules2 leaf-blade m$ium to v l>ge2 r\ndi%-cordate1 usually ?ree-1 sometimes on old] gr[? %all[ly five-lob$1 r>ely entire2 petiol> s9us v>iable 9 dep?1 usually r n>r[2 m>g9 irregul>ly d5tate2 tee? acum9ate2 glabr\s above1 usually glabr\s bel[ & %[+ mu* blue bloom :i* sometimes disappe>s late 9 ! season2 "y leaves sometimes slightly pubesc5t2 petioles v long4 ,clu/] ( m$ium size1 compact1 usually simple2 p$uncle long4 ,b]ries small to m$ium1 black ) mu* blue bloom1 r acid b pleasant ta/+ :5 ripe4 ,se$s small1 plump1 broadly oval1 v %ort beak2 *alaza oval1 rais$1 di/9ct2 raphe di/9ct1 %[+ z a cord-l ridge4 ,bicolor is readily di/+ui%$ f ,ae/ivalis by ! abs5ce ( ! r$di% pubesc5ce1 & by ! bloom on ! "u side ( ! leaves & is di/+ui%$ f ! glauc\s =m ( ,l9cecumii by ! small] fruit & se$s4 ,! species blooms slightly lat] ?an ,ae/ivalis & ,l9cecumii4 ,x 0 nam$ & describ$ by ,le ,conte 9 #ahec & has be5 g5]ally recogniz$ z a di/9ct species by lat] botani/s4 ,! habitat ( ,bicolor is to ! nor? ( t ( ,ae/ivalis1 occupy+ ! nor!a/]n1 :]eas ,ae/ivalis occupies ! s\!a/]n qu>t] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,l ,ae/ivalis x is n conf9$ to /reams & riv]-banks b frequ5tly gr[s on high] l& also4 ,x is f\nd 9 nor? ,miss\ri1 ,ill9ois1 s\?we/]n ,wiscons91 ,indiana1 s\!rn ,mi*igan1 ,ohio1 ,k5tucky1 ,p5nsylvania1 ,new ,york1 s\?we/]n ,ont>io1 ,new ,j]sey & ,m>yl&1 & is by "s botani/s report$ z f> s\? z we/]n ,nor? ,c>ol9a & we/ ,t5nessee4 ,! horticultural *>act]s ( ,bicolor are mu* ! same z ^? ( ,ae/ivalis4 ,ab\t ! only po9ts ( diff]5ce are t x is mu* h>di] 7"s ( ! ,wiscons9 v9es /& a temp]ature z l[ z #bj degrees bel[ z]o72 x is said to be slightly less resi/ant to mildew & m resi/ant to phyllox]a4 ,l ,ae/ivalis1 ,bicolor does n ?rive on limy soils & x is difficult to propagate f cutt+s4 ,! horticultural possibilities ( ,bicolor are probably mu* ! same z ^? ( ,ae/ivalis1 ?\gh _m believe x to be m promis+ = ! ,nor?4 ,x is z yet cultivat$ b little4 ,its *ief defect = dome/ication is ! small size ( ! fruit4 #bj4 ,,vitis ,,c>ib,a ,de ,c&olle4#adi #a4 ,de ,c&olle1 ,prodr41 #a3fcd4 #ahbd 7cit$ by ,watson74 #b4 ,*apman1 ,fl4 ,s\4 ,/ates1--3#ga4 7cit$ by ,watson74 #c4 ,buckley1 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahfa3dhc4 #d4 ,engelmann1 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aj1 #ab1 #ad1 #ae4 #e4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3acf4 ,caloosa4 #f4 787 ,ib41 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,pr(4 ,curtis' grape4 #g4 ,plan*on1 ,de ,c&olle's ,mon4 ,phan41 #e3cbc1 #ccj4 #ahhg4 #h4 ,munson1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3ad4 #ahij4 #i4 ,ib41 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd4 #ahij4 #aj4 ,ib41 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic3aaf4 #aa4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbh4 #ahig4 #ab4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #eb4 ,v9e sl5d]1 climb+2 %oots m or less woolly1 or r>ely ne>ly glabr\s2 diaphragms m$ium to ?ick2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 r>ely cont9u\s1 bifid or frequ5tly trifid4 ,leaves cordate1 usually entire :5 mature1 frequ5tly acum9ate po9t$2 tee? %all[1 wide1 mucronate1 slightly rugose above1 ?ick :iti% or ru/y pubesc5ce bel[2 /ipules small4 ,clu/]s l>ge1 long1 ) long1 sl5d] p$uncle4 ,b]ries small to v small1 purple or black ) ?9 bloom1 int5sely acid until v ripe4 ,se$s usually b "o or two to ! b]ry1 small to v small 7,engelmann /ates t ! ,florida =ms give l>g] se$s ?an ^? f ! ,we/ ,indies71 not*$2 *alaza m or less circul>1 depress$1 usually di/9ct2 raphe a groove or slightly di/9ct4 ,v v>iable4 ,c>iba 0 fir/ describ$ by ,de ,c&olle & lat] by _m o!r botani/s b ! species is n yet well kn[n ow+ to its habitat4 ,c>iba is an inhabitant ( ! ,we/ ,indies1 middle & s\!rn ,florida1 ,l\isiana1 ea/]n ,mexico1 ,yucatan1 & v>i\s portions ( tropical ,am]ica4 ,x is said to gr[ l>gely on l[l&s4 ,! species is ( no practical int]e/ z x does n ?rive & soon dies 9 temp]ate climates4 ,its horticultural *>act]s are unkn[n4 #ba4 ,,vitis ,,c&icans ,engelm4 #a4 ,engelmann1 ,gray's ,pl4 ,l9dh41 #b3aff4 #ahde4 #b4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahdg3aih4 ,,mu/ang ,,grape4 #c4 ,engelmann1 ,gray's ,pl4 ,wright41 #a3cb4 #aheb4 #d4 ,vanz&t1 ,g>4 ,mon41 #a3aff4 #ahei4 ,,mu/ang ,,grape4 #e4 ,affleck1 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bf3ih4 #ahfj4 ,,mu/ang ,,grape4 #f4 ,buckley1 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahfa3dhb4 ,v4 ,,mu/ang5sis2 ,mu/ang grape4 #g4 ,engelmann1 ,am4 ,nat41 #b3cba4 #ahfh4 ,mu/ang grape4 #h4 ,ko*1 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfh3hb4 ,v4 ,,mu/ang5sis2 ,mu/ang grape4 #i4 ,engelmann1 ,mo4 ,ent4 ,rpt41 #ahgd3gf4 ,v4 ,mu/ang5sis2 ,mu/ang grape4 #aj4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ad1 #ae4 ,v4 ,mu/ang5sis2 ,mu/ang grape4 #aa4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3 #acg4 ,v4 ,mu/ang5sis4 #ab4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ig1 #ih4 ,mu/ang grape4 #ac4 ,plan*on1 ,de ,c&olle's ,mon4 ,phan41 #ahhg3cbc1 #cbf4 ,v4 ,mu/ang5sis2 ,mu/ang grape4 #ad4 ,munson1 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,mu/ang grape4 #ae4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3aj4 #ahij4 #af4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3bj1 #bb1 #be4 ,mu/ang grape4 #ag4 ,ib41 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ef3faj4 #ahig4 ,,mu/ang4 #ah4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbh4 #ahig4 ,mu/ang grape4 #ai4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bcb1 #bcd1 #bdj1 #bfg4 #aijj4 ,mu/ang grape4 #bj4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #ed4 ,v9e v vigor\s1 climb+2 %oots & petioles d5sely woolly1 :iti% or ru/y2 diaphragm ?ick2 t5drils int]mitt5t 7accord+ to ,munson1 r>ely f\r cont9u\s74 ,leaves ) m$ium to l>ge /ipules2 blade small to m$ium1 broadly cordate to r5i=m ovate1 frequ5tly resembl+ ^? ( a popl>1 entire or 9 "y %oots & on "y v9es & spr\ts usually deeply f ?ree- to five-1 or ev5 sev5-lob$2 tee? %all[1 s9uate2 petiol> s9us %all[1 wide1 sometimes lack+2 dull1 slightly rugose above1 d5se :iti% pubesc5ce bel[4 ,clu/]s small4 ,b]ries m$ium to l>ge1 black1 purple1 gre51 or ev5 :iti%1 ?9 blue bloom or bloomless4 ,se$s usually ?ree or f\r1 l>ge1 %ort1 plump1 blunt1 not*$2 *alaza oval1 depress$1 indi/9ct2 raphe a broad groove4 ,c&icans 0 describ$ & nam$ by ,engelmann 9 8 acc\nt ( c]ta9 plants s5t f ,texas by ,l9dheim]4 ,9 #ahfa x 0 describ$ by ,buckley :o seems to h be5 unaw>e ( ! species hav+ be5 previ\sly nam$4 ,! habitat ( ?is grape ext5ds f s\!rn ,oklahoma1 z a nor!rn limit1 s\?we/]ly into ,mexico4 ,! we/]n b\nd>y is ! ,pecos ,riv]4 ,x is f\nd on dry1 alluvial1 s&y or lime/one bottoms or on lime/one bluff l&s & is said to be especially abundant along upl& rav9es4 ,c&icans gr[s well on lime/one l&s endur+ z mu* z #fj p] ct4 ( c>bonate ( lime 9 ! soil4 ,! species blooms %ortly be=e ,labrusca & a week lat] ?an ,rip>ia4 ,x requires ! long hot summ]s ( its native c\ntry & w /& extreme dr\? b is n h>dy to cold1 t5 or fifte5 degrees bel[ z]o kill+ ! v9e outright unless protect$2 & a less] degree ( cold injur+ x sev]ely4 ,! b]ries1 :i* are l>ge = wild v9es1 h ?9 sk9s "u :i* !re is a pigm5t :i* gives !m1 :5 fir/ ripe1 a fi]y1 pung5t ta/e b :i* p>tly disappe>s ) maturity4 ,! b]ries are v p]si/5t1 cl++ to ! p$icel long aft] ripe4 ,c&icans is difficult to propagate f cutt+s4 ,its roots resi/ phyllox]a fairly well4 ,x makes a good /ock = ,v9if]a v9es 9 its native c\ntry b ow+ to ! difficulty ( propagation is seldom us$ = t purpose4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( ,texas x 0 mu* us$ = ! mak+ ( w9e b z x is defici5t 9 sug>1 & z ! mu/ reta9s ! acrid1 pung5t flavor1 x does n seem to be well adapt$ = ?is purpose4 ,x is n reg>d$ z hav+ great promise = s\!rn horticulture & c]ta9ly has none = ! ,nor?4 ,,vitis ,,c&icans ,,coriacea ,bailey4 #a4 ,%uttlewor? ,mss41 ,h]b4 ,boiss4 #b4 ,*apman1 ,fl4 ,s\4 ,/ates1--3#ga 7cit$ by ,watson1 ,plan*on & ,bailey74 ,v4 ,,c>ibea1 v>4 ,,coriacea4 #c4 ,engelmann1 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ae4 ,v4 ,,c&icans1 ,florida =m4 #d4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3acf4 ,v4 ,,c>ibea2 ,caloosa4 #e4 ,plan*on1 ,de ,c&olle's ,mon4 ,phan41 #e3cbc1 #cde4 #ahhg4 ,v4 ,,coriacea4 #f4 ,munson1 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,v4 ,,coriacea2 ,lea!r-,leaf grape4 #g4 ,ib41 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,,coriacea4 #h4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3aj1 #aa4 #ahij4 ,v4 ,,coriacea4 #i4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3ffa4 #ahia4 ,v4 coriacea2 ,lea!r-leaf grape4 #aj4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbi4 #ahig4 ,lea!r-leaf grape2 ,calloosa grape4 #aa4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bcb1 #bdj4 #aijj4 ,v4 ,,coriacea2 ,lea!r-,leaf grape4 #ab4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #eb4 ,v4 ,,coriacea4 ,coriacea is a ,florida v>iety ( ,c&icans1 diff]+ f ! ,texas =m1 9 hav+ a %ort]1 some:at small] & comp>atively ?ick] se$2 small /ipules2 q v>iable leaves1 int]m$iate 9 %ape betwe5 ,labrusca & ,c&icans2 & an abs5ce ( ! fi]y flavor4 ,! blossom+ p]iod is two or ?ree weeks lat] ?an ! ,texas =m4 ,?is =m ( ,c&icans 0 nam$ & describ$ by ,%uttlewor? 9 a manuscript n[ 9 ! ,h]b>ium ,boissi] at ,g5eva1 ,switz]l&4 ,botani/s seem divid$ z :e!r to reg>d x z a sep>ate species or z a botanical v>iety4 ,its habitat is c5tral & s\!rn ,florida4 ,coriacea is m t5d] ?an ! regul> =ms ( ,vitis c&icans & ?is alone w\ld make x wor?less to ! nor!rn cultivator ev5 7 x o!rwise valuable4 #bb4 ,,vitis ,,simpsoni ,munson4 #a4 ,munson1 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,simpson's grape4 #b4 ,ib41 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd1 #dge4 #ahij4 #c4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3ab4 #ahij4 #d4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3ehf1 #ffa4 #ahia4 #e4 ,ib41 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic3aaf4 ,palmetto-leav$ grape4 #f4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbi4 #ahig4 #g4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bcb1 #bcd1 #bdj1 #bfg4 #aijj4 fig4 ,simpson's grape4 #h4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3afg4 ,v9e v vigor\s1 climb+2 %oots cyl9drical ) mu* br[ni% pubesc5ce2 diaphragms v ?ick2 t5drils int]mitt5t4 ,leaves ) /ipules %ort & broad2 leaf-blade r ?91 l>ge1 broadly cordate1 usually consid]ably lob$2 petiol> s9us ( m$ium wid? & dep?2 m>g9 co>sely too!d2 upp] surface slightly rugose & ( a d>k-gre52 l[] surface ) ru/y :ite pubesc5ce sometimes becom+ almo/ a blue gre52 ! %ape ( leaf & am\nt ( pubesc5ce v>y widely4 ,clu/]s l>ge1 loose2 p$uncle long2 p$icel ?ick4 ,b]ries small to m$ium1 m t5d] 9 pulp & less a/r+5t ?an ,vitis ae/ivalis1 black ) mod]ate am\nt ( bloom4 ,leaf+1 bloom+1 & rip5+ fruit late4 ,vitis simpsoni 0 nam$ & briefly describ$ by ,munson 9 #ahhg4 ,9 #ahia he /at$ t ! species is a hybrid ( ,vitis coriacea 7"h consid]$ a v>iety ( ,vitis c&icans7 cross$ ) ,vitis c9]ea4 ,bailey /ates t x is probably a hybrid ( ,ae/ivalis cross$ ) ,coriacea4 ,"s =ms ( ,simpsoni are said to be v difficult to di/+ui% f ,vitis labrusca4 ,simpsoni pref]s w>m1 s&y soils & is f\nd 9 c5tral & s\!rn ,florida4 ,x roots f cutt+s ) great difficulty2 x is t5d] & w n )/& cold w9t]s4 ,:ile x is v resi/ant to phyllox]a & also to mildew & black-rot1 its leaves are said to be mu* attack$ by leaf-roll]s4 ,! blossom+ p]iod is j aft] ,ae/ivalis4 ,! b]ries are ( good flavor & might be ( "s value = ! c\ntry along ! ,gulf ,coa/ b x is ( no value = ! ,nor?4 #bc4 ,,vitis ,,labrusca#aej ,l9n4#aea #a4 ,l9naeus1 ,sp4 ,pl41 #a3bjc4 #agec4 ,v4 sylve/ris ,virg9iana2 ,v4 v9if]a sylve/ris am]icana4 #b4 ,m>%all1 #aghe3afe4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a2 ,fox grape v9e4 #c4 ,walt]1 #aghh3bdb4 ,v4 ,,taur9a4 #d4 ,mi*aux1 #b3bcj4 #ahjc4 ,v4 taur9a4 #e4 ,b>tram1 ,dom4 ,enc41 #e3bhi4 #ahjd4 ,v4 ,,vulp9a2 ,fox grape4 #f4 ,muhl5b]g1 #ahac3bg4 ,fox grape4 #g4 ,pur%1 #a3afi4 #ahad4 ,v4 taur9a4 #h4 ,nuttall1 #a3adc4 #ahah4 #i4 ,elliott1 #b3fhi4 #ahbd4 ,v4 taur9a4 #aj4 ,torrey1 ,fl4 ( ,n4 ,m4 ,/a41 #ahbf3abj4 #aa4 ,raf9esque1 #ahcj3aj4 ,v4 ,,latifolia2 ,v4 taur9a2 ,v4 ,labrusca2 ,fox grape4 #ab4 ,ib41 #ahcj3aa4 ,v4 ,,luteola2 ,v>iable grape4 #ac4 ,pr9ce1 #ahcj3ahj4 ,v4 ,,labrusca1 v>4 ,,nigra2 ,black ,fox2 ,purple ,fox2 ,v4 taur9a2 ,v4 vulp9a4 #ad4 ,ib41 #ahcj3aha4 ,v4 ,,labrusca1 v>4 ,,alba2 ,:ite ,fox4 #ae4 ,ib41 #ahcj3ahb4 ,v4 ,,labrusca1 v>4 ,,rosea2 ,r$ ,fox4 #af4 ,torrey1 ,fl4 ( ,n4 ,y41 #a3adf4 #ahdc4 ,fox grape4 #ag4 ,d>l+ton1 ,fl4 ,ce/41 #ahec3ej4 ,fox grape ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 n ( ,va4 #ah4 ,le ,conte1 ,proc4 ,phil4 ,acad4 ,nat4 ,sci41 #ahec3bgj4 ,v4 sylve/ris2 ,fox grape2 ,v4 occid5talis2 ,v4 vulp9a2 ,v4 latifolia2 ,v4 can9a2 ,v4 luteola2 ,v4 rugosa2 ,v4 f]rug9ea2 ,v4 labruscoides2 ,v4 bl&a2 ,v4 prolif]a2 ,v4 obovata4 #ai4 ,ib41 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #aheg3bbh4 ,fox grape2 ,v4 sylve/ris2 ,v4 occid5talis2 ,v4 vulp9a2 ,v4 latifolia2 ,v4 can9a2 ,v4 luteola2 ,v4 rugosa2 ,v4 f]rug9ea2 ,v4 labruscoides2 ,v4 prolifica2 ,v4 obovata4 #bj4 ,buckley1 ,ib41 #ahfa3dha4 ,fro/ grape4 ,fox grape ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates4 #ba4 ,/ayman1 ,g>4 ,mon41 #aa3cg1 #ch1 #ci1 #dj4 #ahfi4 ,nor!rn ,fox ,grape4 #bb4 ,engelmann1 ,mo4 ,ent4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3fa4 ,fox grape2 ,nor!rn ,fox grape4 #bc4 ,ib41 ,bu%4 ,cat441 #ahhc3i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #ai4 ,fox grape2 ,nor!rn ,fox grape4 #bd4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3acf4 ,fox grape4 #be4 ,ib41 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ig1 #ih1 #aja4 #bf4 ,plan*on1 ,de ,c&olle's ,mon4 ,phan41 #e3cbb1 #cbd4 #ahhg4 ,fox grape2 ,nor!rn ,fox grape2 ,v4 v9if]a sylve/ris am]icana2 ,v4 latifolia2 ,v4 can9a2 ,v4 luteola4 #bg4 ,munson1 ,soc4 ,prom4 ,ag4 ,sci4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ei4 ,fox grape4 #bh4 ,pe>son1 ,g>4 & ,=41 #b3ehd4 #ahhi4 #bi4 ,munson1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,pom4 ,bul41 #c3aa4 #ahij4 #cj4 ,ib41 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dgd4 #ahij4 #ca4 ,britton & ,br[n1 #b3djh4 #ahig4 ,nor!rn ,fox grape2 ,plum grape4 #cb4 ,bailey1 ,gray's ,syn4 ,fl41 #a3dbi4 #ahig4 ,fox grape2 ,skunk grape2 ,v4 vulp9a2 ,v4 bl&i4 #cc4 ,munson1 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bcb1 #bdj4 #ahii4 ,nor!rn ,fox grape4 #cd4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #de4 ,v9e mod]ately vigor\s1 /ocky1 climb+2 %oots cyl9drical1 d5sely pubesc5t2 diaphragms m$ium to r ?ick2 t5drils cont9u\s1 /rong1 bifid or trifid4 ,leaves ) long1 cordate /ipules1 leaf-blade l>ge1 ?ick1 broadly cordate or r\ndi%2 entire to ?ree-lob$1 frequ5tly not*$2 s9uses r\nd$2 petiol> s9us v>iable 9 dep? & wid?1 ,v-%ap$2 m>g9 ) r %all[1 acute po9t$1 scallop$ tee?2 upp] surface m or less rugose1 d>k gre51 on "y leaves pubesc5t1 becom+ glabr\s :5 mature2 l[] surface cov]$ ) d5se pubesc5ce1 m or less :iti% on "y leaves1 becom+ ru/y or dun-color$ :5 mature4 ,clu/]s small to m$ium1 m or less comp\nd1 usually %\ld]$1 compact2 p$icels ?ick2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium4 ,b]ries m$ium to l>ge2 sk9 ?ick1 cov]$ ) consid]able bloom1 /rong musky or foxy aroma4 ,se$s two to f\r1 l>ge1 di/9ctly not*$1 beak %ort2 *alaza oval 9 %ape1 indi/9ct1 %[+ m]ely z a depression2 raphe1 a groove4 7,see ,plate47 ,illu/ration3 ,,%oot ,,( ,,vitus ,,labrusca ,vitis labrusca1 ! nor!rn ,fox grape1 is m5tion$ 9 _m ( ! e>ly writ+s ( ?is c\ntry1 p>ticul>ly 9 ^? describ+ ,new ,engl&4 ,x 0 probably describ$ by o!r botani/s be=e ,l9naeus b if s _! descriptions are s meag] t x _c be def9itely recogniz$4 ,l9naeus 9 #agec1 "u ,vitis labrusca1 says3 ,leaves cordate1 slightly tri-lob$1 d5tate1 d[ny bel[4 ,m>%all 9 #aghe "u ! "n ,vitis vulp9a1 or ,fox grape1 says3 ,?is 9 mann] ( gr[? ha? mu* ! appe>ance ( ! o!r k9ds4 ,! leaves are g5]ally l>g]1 & smoo?1 b :iti% und]nea?4 ,! fruit or grapes are ab\t ! size ( a common *]ry & h a /rong sc5t1 a little approa*+ to t ( a ,fox1 :5ce ! "n ( ,fox-grape4 ,!re are also v>ieties ( ?is1 "s ) :iti% or r$di% fruit :i* is g5]ally mo/ e/eem$1 & o!rs ) black1 ( :i* are our l>ge/ grapes4 ,f ! "t ( ,m>%all on all ( ! botani/s give m or less complete descriptions ( ?is species & except = ! brief misund]/&+ at fir/ z to ! "n1 its id5tity has nev] be5 que/ion$4 ,at "o "t x 0 suppos$ to gr[ 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley b ,engelmann demon/rat$ t :at 7 tak5 = ,labrusca v9es 9 ,miss\ri 7 9 reality /rongly pubesc5t =ms ( ,ae/ivalis4 ,labrusca is indig5\s to ! ea/]n "p ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 includ+ ! region betwe5 ! ,atlantic ,ocean & ! ,alleghany ,m\nta9s4 ,x is sometimes f\nd 9 ! valleys & along ! we/]n slopes ( ! ,alleghanies4 ,_m botani/s say x is nev] f\nd 9 ! ,mississippi ,valley2 ,munson reports specim5s1 h[ev]1 f ,indiana & ,t5nessee4 ,9 ! fir/-nam$ area x ranges f ,ma9e to ,georgia4 ,x has ! mo/ re/rict$ habitat ( any ,am]ican species ( horticultural importance1 be+ mu* exce$$ 9 ext5t ( t]ritory by ,vitis rotundifolia1 ,vitis ae/ivalis1 & ,vitis rip>ia4 ,labrusca has furni%$ m cultivat$ v>ieties1 ei!r pure-bre$s or hybrids1 ?an all o!r ,am]ican species toge!r4 ,! reason = ?is is p>tly1 no d\bt1 due to ! fact t x is native to ! portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates fir/ settl$ & is ! mo/ common grape 9 ! region :]e agriculture fir/ advanc$ to ! condition :]e fruits 7 desir$4 ,?is does n :olly acc\nt = its prom95ce1 h[ev]1 :i* mu/ be s\ght else:]e4 ,9 its wild /ate ,labrusca is probably ! mo/ attractive to ! eye ( any ( our ,am]ican grapes on acc\nt ( ! size ( its fruit1 & ?is und\bt$ly turn$ ! att5tion ( ^? :o 7 e>ly int]e/$ 9 ! possibilities ( ,am]ican grape-gr[+ to ?is species r ?an to any o!r4 ,! s\!rn ,labrusca is q diff]5t f ! nor!rn =m & probably dem&s diff]5t conditions = its successful gr[?2 9 ! ,nor? at lea/ two types ( ! species may be di/+ui%$4 ,v9es are f\nd 9 ! woods ( ,new ,engl&1 :i* resemble ,concord v closely 9 bo? v9e & fruit1 except+ t ! grapes are mu* small] 9 size & m se$y4 ,!re is also ! l>ge-fruit$1 foxy ,labrusca1 usually ) r$di% b]ries1 repres5t$ by su* cultivat$ v>ieties z ,nor!rn ,muscad9e1 ,dracut ,amb]1 ,lutie & o!rs4 ,labrusca is peculi> among/ ,am]ican grapes 9 %[+ black-1 :ite- & r$-fruit$ =ms ( wild v9es gr[+ 9 ! woods4 ,because ( ?is v>iability x is impossible to give ! exact climatic & soil conditions be/ adapt$ to ! species4 ,x is reasonable to suppose1 h[ev]1 t ! ideal conditions = ?is or any o!r species are n widely diff]5t f ^? prevail+ :]e ! species is indig5\s4 ,9 ! case ( ,labrusca ?is means t x is be/ adapt$ to humid climates & t ! temp]ature desir$ v>ies accord+ to :e!r ! v>iety comes f ! s\!rn or nor!rn =m ( ! species4 ,! root sy/em ( ,labrusca does n p5etrate ! soil deeply1#aeb b x is said to succe$ bett] 9 deep & clayey soils ?an ,ae/ivalis4#aec ,9 ! ,s\!rn & ,middle ,/ates x does bett] on ea/]n & nor!a/]n slopes4 ,z w\ld be suspect$ f its orig9al m>%y home1 x endures an excess ( wat] 9 ! soil1 & on ! o!r h& requires m wat] = successful gr[+ ?an ,ae/ivalis or ,rip>ia4 ,9 spite ( its ability to )/& clayey soils1 x seems to pref] loose1 w>m1 well-dra9$ s&y l&s to all o!rs4 ,! ,fr5* gr[]s report t all v>ieties ( ?is species %[ a m>k$ antipa?y to a lime/one soil1 ! v9es soon becom+ affect$ ) *lorosis :5 plant$ 9 soils ( ?is nature4 ,9 corroboration ( ?is ,/ayman reports t x is n f\nd gr[+ native 9 clayey1 lime/one soils4 ,! ,labruscas succe$ v well 9 ! ,nor? & fairly well 9 ! middle ,we/1 z f> s\? z ,arkansas1 :]e !y are rais$ on acc\nt ( _! fruit qualities b "h ! v9es are n ne>ly s vigor\s & heal?y z are ^? ( o!r species4 ,9 ,alabama !y are report$ to be g5]ally unsatisfactory1 & 9 ,texas ! v9es are %ort-liv$1 unheal?y1 & g5]ally unsatisfactory1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! dry regions4 ,!re are "s exceptions to ?is1 z1 = in/ance1 9 ! ,pi$mont region ( ! ,c>ol9as1 :]e1 ow+ to elevation or o!r causes1 ! climate ( a s\!rn region is semi-nor!rn 9 its "*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%oot ,,( ,,wyom+ ,! fruit ( ,labrusca is l>ge & usually h&somely color$4 ,! sk9 is ?ick1 cov]+ a lay] ( adh]+ fle%1 :i* gives ! impression ( its be+ ?ick] ?an x actually is2 x is v>iable 9 t5d]ness1 sometimes t\gh1 b 9 _m ( our cultivat$ v>ieties x is s t5d] z to be a detrim5t 9 t x is incl9$ to crack on ! v9es 9 case ( ra9 at rip5+ "t1 & ! b]ries to cru% 9 transportation4 ,! sk9 ( ?is species usually has a peculi> aroma1 g5]ally spok5 ( z foxy1 & a slightly acid1 a/r+5t ta/e4 ,b5ea? ! sk9 !re is a lay] ( juicy pulp1 q sweet & nev] %[+ mu* acidity 9 ripe fruit4 ,! c5t] ( ! b]ry is occupi$ by r d5se pulp1 m or less /r+y1 ) consid]able acid close to ! se$s4 ,_m p object to ! foxy aroma ( ?is species1 b1 nev]!less1 ! mo/ popul> ,am]ican v>ieties are m or less foxy4 ,analyses h %[n t ,labrusca fruit is g5]ally *>act]iz$ by a l[ p]c5tage ( sug> & acid1 ! v sweet ta/+ fox grapes n %[+ z high a sug> cont5t z "s ( ! disagreeably t>t ,ae/ivalis & ,rip>ia sorts4 ,?is1 9 addition to ! fox9ess :i* furni%es an excess ( aroma 9 ! w9e1 has prev5t$ ,labrusca v>ieties f becom+ favorites ) ! w9e-mak]s4 ,mu/ f ^! v>ieties is adapt$ only = ! mak+ ( dry w9es1 & :5 mak+ w9es ( any o!r class x is necess>y to add sug> & wat]1 ! quantities be+ gov]n$ by ! f9al product desir$4 ,9 addition to ! /rong po9ts already enum]at$1 x may be said t ,labrusca submits well to v9ey>d culture1 is fairly vigor\s & g5]ally q productive4 ,x gr[s readily f cutt+s & 9 po9t ( h>d9ess is int]m$iate betwe5 ,rip>ia1 ! h>die/ ( our ,am]ican species1 & ,ae/ivalis4 ,! roots are s(t & fle%y 7= an ,am]ican grape7 & 9 "s localities q subject to attacks ( phyllox]a4 ,none ( ! v>ieties ( ,labrusca h ev] be5 popul> 9 ,france on ?is acc\nt4 ,9 ! wild v9es ! fruit is incl9$ to drop f ! v9e :5 ripe4 ,?is defect is kn[n z %att]+ or %ell+ among grape-gr[]s & x is a s]i\s weakness 9 c]ta9 v>ieties ( ,labrusca4 ,x is said to be m s5sitive 9 its wild /ate to mildew & rot ?an any o!r ,am]ican species#aed b ! evid5ce on ?is po9t does n seem to be :olly conclusive4 ,9 ! ,s\? & 9 "s p>ts ( ! middle ,we/ ! leaves ( all v>ieties ( ,labrusca sunburn & %rivel 9 ! latt] "p ( ! summ]4 ,! v9es d n endure dr\? z well z ,ae/ivalis or ,rip>ia & n ne>ly s well z ,rupe/ris4 ,pe>son#aee reports t ! ,labruscas c be spray$ ) copp] sulphate mixtures ) mu* less dang] to ! leaves ?an c ,ae/ivalis4 #bd4 ,,vitis ,,v9if]a ,l9n4 #a4 ,l9naeus1 ,sp4 ,pl41 #a3bjb4 #agec4 #b4 ,spee*ly1 #agia3a4 #c4 ,willd5[1 ,sp4 ,pl41 #a3aahj4 #agig4 #d4 ,b>tram1 ,dom4 ,enc41 #e3bhi4 #ahjd4 #e4 ,raf9esque1 #ahcj3g4 ,w9e ,grape4 #f4 ,d>l+ton1 ,fl4 ,ce/41 #ahec3di4 ,w9e grape2 ,=eign grape4 #g4 ,buckley1 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahfa3dhj4 ,european grape4 #h4 ,/ayman1 ,g>4 ,mon41 #aa3ch4 #ahfi4 ,european grape4 #i4 ,bu%1 ,grape ,cult41 #a3adj4 #ahfi4 ,european grape4 #aj4 ,engelmann1 ,mo4 ,ent4 ,rpt41 #ahgd3gd4 #aa4 ,moore1 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge3cf4 #ab4 ,engelmann1 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #ai4 #ac4 ,munson1 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3acg4 #ad4 ,de ,c&olle1 ,or4 ,cult4 ,pl41 #ahhe3aia4 #ae4 ,ond]donk1 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3feb4 #af4 ,plan*on1 ,de ,c&olle's ,mon4 ,phan41 #e3cbd1 #cee4 #ahhg4 #ag4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhi3ajg1 #aji4 #ah4 ,husmann1 #ahie3bi1 #ahg4 #ai4 ,munson1 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ef3faj4 #ahig4 #bj4 ,ib41 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bca1 #bcc1 #bdj4 #aijj4 ,asiatic ,w9e grape4 #ba4 ,bailey1 ,cyc4 ,am4 ,hort41 #d3aief4 #aijb4 fig4 ( leaves4 ,w9e grape2 ,european grape4 #bb4 ,viala & ,ravaz1 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3db1 #aae4 ,q v>iable 9 vigor1 n s high climb+ z mo/ ,am]ican species4 ,t5drils int]mitt5t4 ,leaves r\nd$-cordate1 r ?91 r-smoo?1 & :5 "y1 %9+1 frequ5tly m or less deeply ?ree-1 five-1 or ev5 sev5-lob$2 usually glabr\s b 9 "s v>ieties ! leaves & "y %oots are hairy & ev5 d[ny :5 "y2 lobes r\nd$ or po9t$2 tee? v>iable2 petiol> s9us deep1 n>r[1 usually ov]lapp+4 ,fruit1 ( cultivat$ v>ieties at lea/1 v v>iable 9 size & color4 ,b]ries ( cultivat$ v>ieties usually oval ?\gh _m v>ieties are globul> fruit$4 ,se$s v>iable 9 size & %ape1 usually not*$ at upp] end & *>act]iz$ always by bottle-neck$1 elongat$ beak2 a r broad1 usually r\gh1 slightly di/9ct *alaza situat$ r high up on ! se$2 raphe indi/9ct4 ,fl[]s soon aft] ,labrusca4 ,! roots are l>ge1 s(t & spongy4 ,a v v>iable species4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%oot ,,( ,,vitis ,,v9if]a ,botani/s h nev] agre$ z to :e!r ,vitis v9if]a is a s+le species or a comb9ation ( two or m species :i* has be5 cultivat$ = s long t x is impossible to discov] ! orig9al =ms4 ,! "n1 ,vitis v9if]a1 is usually cr$it$ to ,l9naeus ?\gh x 0 us$ = ?is grape be=e ,l9naeus' "t by ,bauh9 & possibly by o!rs4 ,! description ( ,l9naeus accompany+ ! "n is v %ort1 z foll[s3 ,leaves s9uately lob$1 glabr\s4 ,_m ( ! e>li] botani/s1 ,t\rne=t = "o1 describ$ num]\s v>ieties z ?\gh !y 7 species4 ,z a natural coroll>y ( ! unc]ta9ty ( ! botanical /atus ( ,vitis v9if]a ! orig9al habitat ( ! species is n positively kn[n4 ,de ,c&olle1 z not$ 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is "w1 consid]$ ! region ab\t ! ,caspian ,sea z ! probable habitat ( ! ,old ,_w grape4 ,!re is b little d\bt t ! orig9al home ( ,vitis v9if]a is "s place 9 we/]n ,asia4 ,!re is /rong corroborative evid5ce ( ?is 9 ! fact t ! climatic conditions "u :i* ! species fl\ri%es are su* z are !re f\nd4 ,! fir/ *apt] 9 ,! ,grapes ( ,new ,york has be5 devot$ to ?is1 ! ,old ,_w grape1 & = a discussion ( ! horticultural *>act]s ( ! species & ( ! ef=ts to cultivate x 9 ,am]ica1 ! read] is ref]r$ to t *apt]4 ,nei!r ,am]ican nor ,european writ]s agree z to ! exact climate desir$ by ,v9if]a = ! reason1 probably1 t all ( ! v>ieties 9 ?is v>iable species d n desire ! same conditions4 ,!re are c]ta9 phases ( climate1 h[ev]1 t are well agre$ ^u1 z foll[s3 ,! species requires a w>m1 dry climate1 & is m s5sitive to *ange ( temp]ature ?an our ,am]ican species4 ,/ayman1 :o _h _h consid]able exp]i5ce 9 rais+ ,v9if]a grapes 9 diff]5t places1 says3 ,v9if]a w n endure mu* ra9 or gr[ on wet l&4 ,x is only 9 a dry climate & on high roll+ situations t x w succe$1 :]e !re is n m ?an #ca in*es ( an annual ra9fall & = ! gr[+ & matur+ season #ae in*es4 ,s f> z soil alone is conc]n$1 ! ,fr5* gr[]s tell u t x c be gr[n successfully 9 a wide v>iety ( soils1 be+ mu* less p>ticul> 9 ?is respect ?an our ,am]ican species4 ,!y /ate t x w )/& & gr[ successfully 9 soils s /rongly impregnat$ ) lime t any ( ! ,am]ican sorts w\ld succumb to *lorosis4 ,!re are c]ta9 *>act]s connect$ ) ! fruit ( ?is species :i* are peculi> to x & are n f\nd 9 any ( our ,am]ican sorts4 ,fir/1 ! sk91 :i* is atta*$ v closely to ! fle% & :i* is nev] a/r+5t or acid1 is ( good flavor & c be eat5 ) ! fruit4 ,second1 ! fle% is firm1 yet t5d]1 & uni=m ?r\gh\t1 diff]+ 9 ?is respect f any ( our ,am]ican sorts1 :i* frequ5tly %[ a sweet1 wat]y & t5d] pulp close to ! sk9 ) a t\gh & m or less acid core at ! c5t]4 ,?ird1 ! flavor is peculi>ly sprightly1 a quality kn[n z v9\s1 because x *>act]izes ?is species4 ,x may be said 9 ?is connection1 h[ev]1 t _m ,am]icans1 accu/om$ to ,am]ican grapes1 pref] ! flavor ( our native sorts to ! v9\s flavor ( ! ,old ,_w grape4 ,europeans inv>iably1 & ,am]icans :o live 9 ,v9if]a rais+ sections1 usually1 deem ! ,v9if]a flavor greatly sup]ior4 ,f\r?1 a /rong adh]5ce ( ! b]ry to ! p$icel1 ! fruit nev] %att]+ or %ell+ f ! clu/]4 ,v>ieties ( ,v9if]a h be5 select$ = ! mak+ ( w9e ?r\gh s _m c5turies t ?is species has become ! fir/ & great w9e-mak+ grape4 ,:atev] ! future may hold 9 /ore = ,am]ican grapes1 !re is no "q b t at pres5t ! ,v9if]as are f> sup]ior to any native ,am]icans = w9e-mak+ purposes1 bo? z to quality 9 g5]al & ! numb] ( k9ds ( w9e :i* c be made4 ,! weak po9ts ( ,v9if]a are3 ,fir/1 an inability to )/& ! cold ( our w9t]s4 ,! diff]5t v>ieties ( ,v9if]a und\bt$ly v>y consid]ably z to ! exact am\nt ( cold !y w /& )\t injury4 ,all ( !m tri$ at ?is ,/ation freeze to ! gr\nd ev5 9 ! milde/ w9t]s4 ,second1 foliage p>ticul>ly susceptible to ! attack ( mildew & fruit susceptible to ! attack ( black-rot4 ,?ird1 !y g5]ally require a rip5+ season mu* long] ?an our climate af=ds4 ,f\r?1 ! roots are s(t & spongy & v liable to ! attack ( phyllox]a1 ?\gh !y app>5tly p5etrate m readily 9 d5se clays & h>d dry soils ?an any ( our ,am]ican species4 ,9 ! v>i\s hybrids t h be5 made betwe5 ,am]ican & ,v9if]a v>ieties x is usually f\nd t ! desirable qualities ( ,v9if]a are tak5 9 ab\t ! same proportion z ! undesirable ones4 ,! fruit is improv$ 9 ! hybrid b ! v9e is weak5$4 ,quality is pur*as$ at ! exp5se ( h>d9ess & disease-resi/+ p[]4 ,v9if]a may be gr[n v readily f cutt+s4 ,?is is ( little cultural importance1 h[ev]1 z bo? 9 ,europe & ,am]ica v>ieties ( ! species are usually graft$ on phyllox]a-resi/ant /ock4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,lead+ ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,am]ican ,,grapes ,,adirondac4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bg3dij4 #ahfa4 #b4 ,horticulturi/1 #ag3id1 #acb1 #eah4 #ahfb4 fig4 #c4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bh3ddg1 #edj4 #ahfb4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfb3afj4 #e4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfc3abg4 #f4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #cj3be1 #fb1 #adj1 #aej1 #bjh4 #ahfd4 #g4 ,mead1 #ahfg3afd4 #h4 ,full]1 #ahfg3baf4 #i4 ,?omas1 #ahfg3cii4 #aj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfg3dd4 #aa4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3aae4 #ahfi4 #ab4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #af3bdi4 #ahgd4 #ac4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3fg4 #ad4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3ef4 #ae4 ,montreal ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3hb4 #af4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aj3dic4 #ahia4 ,adirondac is an old v>iety n[ ne>ly or q obsolete4 ,x is probably a se$l+ ( ,isabella :i* x greatly resembles 9 v9e & fruit *>act]s4 ,x is ( ! ,labrusca type1 belong+ to ! s\!rn gr\p ( ?is species1 & l mo/ ( ! s\!rn ,labruscas lacks 9 h>d9ess & vigor ?\gh x surpasses its p>5t 9 ! fir/ quality4 ,! v9e makes a sl[1 weak gr[? & is p>ticul>ly susceptible to fungi4 ,! quality ( ! fruit is v good1 juicy & v9\s1 ) ! slight foxy flavor peculi> to ,isabella4 ,its e>l9ess1 a week or t5 days e>li] ?an ,concord1 is "o ( its *ief po9ts ( m]it4 ,! ,adirondac did n atta9 favor because ( ! _m faults ( ! v9e & 9 ! "t ( its cultivation 0 seldom f\nd except 9 ! v9ey>d ( ! amateur4 ,! claim is (t5 made = ?is v>iety t x is ne>] ! ,black ,hamburg 9 quality ?an any o!r ,am]ican grape4 ,adirondac 0 fir/ exhibit$ by ,j4 ,w4 ,bailey ( ,plattsburg1 ,new ,york1 at ! ,montreal ,horticultural ,society ,exhibition 9 ,montreal 9 #ahfa4 ,! orig9al v9e 0 f\nd 9 #aheb by ,j4 ,g4 ,)]bee 9 8 g>d5 a %ort di/ance f ! %ore ( ,lake ,*ampla9 9 ! t[n ( ,port ,h5ry1 ,essex ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,! v>iety 0 introduc$ by ,bailey4 ,on acc\nt ( its resemblance 9 v9e to ,isabella x is suppos$ by _m to be a se$l+ ( t v>iety4 ,adirondac 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahfg & 0 dropp$ f x 9 #ahhc4 ,v9e v>iable 9 vigor & productiv5ess1 injur$ 9 sev]e w9t]s1 subject to attacks ( mildew 9 unfavorable seasons4 ,foliage d>k gre51 ?ick4 ,fl[]s semi-f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season or e>li]2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit v>iable 9 season ( rip5+1 usually 9 edible condition ab\t t5 days be=e ,delaw>e1 does n always keep well4 ,clu/]s above m$ium to small1 usually r compact1 seldom %\ld]$4 ,b]ries n uni=m 9 size av]ag+ bel[ ,concord1 r\ndi% to slightly oval on acc\nt ( compactness ( clu/]1 d>k purpli%-black1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness4 ,fle% unusually t5d] & melt+1 sweet1 mild1 good to v good b ) an aft] flavor :i* is n altoge!r agreeable4 ,se$s r l>ge1 few 9 numb]4 ,mu/ #hb-a_/b-hc4 ,,advance4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3id4 #b4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahge3chf4 #c4 ,n4 ,j4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3aa4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3fg1 #aeb4 #e4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #cj3ajh4 #ahic4 ,advance is an unimportant v>iety n[ to be f\nd only 9 ! v9ey>ds ( exp]im5t]s4 ,at ! "t ( its introduction 7#ahgb7 x 0 ( mu* int]e/ z a hybrid betwe5 ,rip>ia1 ,labrusca & ,v9if]a1 ,cl9ton be+ "o p>5t & ,duke ( ,mag5ta1 a grape resembl+ ,black ,hamburg1 ! o!r4 ,9 quality ( fruit x is an improvem5t ov] ,cl9ton b un=tunately1 z ) s _m prim>y hybrids ( our native species ) ,vitis v9if]a1 ! v9e is t5d] & susceptible to fungi4 ,?is v>iety 0 produc$ by ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts ( ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 & 0 fir/ exhibit$ at ! grape %[ 9 ,new ,york ,city 9 #ahgj4 ,v9e vigor\s1 productive1 n v h>dy1 subject to attacks ( mildew4 ,canes long1 cov]$ ) consid]able blue bloom4 ,leaves r l>ge1 ?91 d>k gre54 ,fruit rip5s 9 mid-season1 appe>s to keep well4 ,clu/]s above m$ium size1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 ! %\ld] be+ connect$ to ! clu/] by a r long /em1 m$ium 9 compactness & ) _m abortive fruits4 ,b]ries m$ium to l>ge1 oval1 d>k purpli%-black1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,fle% some:at t5d]1 flavor sweet & spicy ) consid]able resemblance to t ( ,cl9ton1 quality good4 ,,agawam4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bc3hf4 #aheg4 7,rog]s' hybrids47 #b4 ,ib41 #bg3ajd1 #dhi1 #ecc4 #ahfa4 #c4 ,horticulturi/1 #ag3bf1 #eaj4 #ahfb4 fig4 #d4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfc3acj1 #edi4 fig4 #e4 ,horticulturi/1 #bj3ha4 #ahfe4 #f4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #ca3fh1 #ajf1 #ccc4 #ahfe4 #g4 ,husmann1 #ahff3abd4 #h4 ,full]1 #ahfg3bcj4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfg3dd4 #aj4 ,horticulturi/1 #bd3abf4 #ahfi4 #aa4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3dc1 #aec1 #aha1 #bfb1 #cbe4 #ahfi4 #ab4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #e3bfc4 #ahfi4 fig4 #ac4 ,b>ry1 #ahgb3dba4 #ad4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge3chg4 fig4 #ae4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3fi4 fig4 #af4 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dij4 #ahij4 #ag4 ,c4 ,hort41 #ag3aia4 #ahid4 col4 pl4 #ah4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ae3dcc4 #ahif4 #ai4 ,ib41 #ag3ebf1 #edh1 #eeb1 #eec4 #ahih4 #bj4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahii3ia4 #ba4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3cg1 #dc1 #dd1 #df1 #dg1 #ee4 #ahii4 ,r&all 7#bj74aef ,,rog]s' ,,no4 #ae 7#b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i74 ,rog]s' ,no4 #ae 7#aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae74 ,illu/ration3 ,,agawam ,agawam is ! mo/ l>gely gr[n ( ,rog]s' hybrids bo? 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & 9 ,new ,york1 ! qualities comm5d+ x be+ l>ge size ( bun* & b]ry1 ri*1 sweet1 aromatic flavor1 attractive appe>ance1 excell5t keep+ qualities1 vigor ( v9e1 & capacity = self-f]tilization4 ,x has ! di/9ction ( be+ ! only self-f]tile v>iety among ,rog]s' nam$ hybrids4 ,= a grape hav+ its proportion ( ,european p>5tage ! v9e is vigor\s1 h>dy & productive1 ?\gh n equal to _m pure-br$ ,am]ican sorts 9 ^! respects4 ,9 sev]e w9t]s x is prec>i\sly h>dy 9 ,new ,york4 ,its *ief defects 9 fruit are a some:at ?ick & t\gh sk91 co>se solid texture ( pulp1 &1 = ! ,european palate1 its decid$ly foxy flavor4 ,! v9e is susceptible to ! mildews & 9 _m localities does n yield well4 ,9 "s m>kets ,agawam is highly e/eem$ & 9 mak+ c]ta9 w9es x is mu* s\ght = 9 bl5d+ because ( ! flavor x imp>ts4 ,al?\gh x rip5s soon aft] ,concord x c be kept mu* long] & really improves 9 flavor ! fir/ few weeks aft] pick+4 ,x may be kept 9 good condition 9 common /orage until ,janu>y4 ,n uncommonly x %rivels on ! /em mak+ a rais94 ,x seems to pref] some:at heavy soils1 do+ bett] on clay ?an on s& or gravel4 ,! ,agawam is (t5 sold 9 ! m>kets z ,salem :i* x resembles & by :i* x is surpass$ 9 quality4 ,= an acc\nt ( ! p>5tage & orig9 ( ,agawam see ,rog]s' ,hybrids ( :i* ?is is ,no4 #ae4 ,x 0 fir/ m5tion$ z a v>iety ab\t #ahfa4 ,9 #ahfi ,rog]s gave ! fruit ! "n ,agawam f ! ,indian "n ( a t[n 9 ,hampd5 ,c\nty1 ,massa*usetts4 ,x has become "o ( ! mo/1 if n ! mo/1 popul> ( ,rog]s' hybrids & is 9 "s sections rais$ to a consid]able ext5t z a m>ket sort4 ,x is propagat$ & sold to-day by practically all nurs]ym54 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahfg & is /ill reta9$ !re4 ,v9e vigor\s1 usually h>dy1 m$ium to productive1 subject to mildew4 ,canes ( av]age l5g?1 m$ium 9 numb]1 r ?ick1 mod]ately d>k br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 some:at flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort to m$ium2 diaphragm ne>ly ?ick2 pi? ( av]age size2 %oots t+$ ) gre51 glabr\s2 t5drils int]mitt5t to cont9u\s1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds op5 9 mid-season1 ( av]age size1 long1 some:at ?ick1 conical to ne>ly obtuse4 ,"y leaves t+$ ) c>m9e on l[] side & along m>g9 ( upp] side1 prevail+ color pale gre54 ,leaves ( av]age size1 ?ick2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 mod]ately smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 slightly pubesc5t1 floccul5t2 leaf n lob$1 t]m9us some:at acute2 petiol> s9us deep1 n>r[1 (t5 ov]lapp+2 lat]al s9us v %all[ :5 pres5t2 tee? %all[1 wide4 ,fl[]s occasionally on plan ( six1 ne>ly self-f]tile1 op5 m$ium late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s soon aft] ,concord1 keeps until mid-w9t]4 ,clu/]s v>iable av]ag+ m$ium to l>ge1 %ort1 r broad1 tap]+ to some:at cyl9drical1 sometimes s+le-%\ld]$1 some:at loose2 p$uncle m$ium to %ort1 ne>ly ?ick2 p$icel ( av]age l5g?1 usually ?ick1 cov]$ ) few w>ts1 mu* enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t2 bru% v %ort1 pale gre54 ,b]ries ne>ly l>ge1 r\ndi% to slightly oval1 d>k & dull purpli%-r$ some:at resembl+ ,catawba1 cov]$ ) lilac bloom1 v p]si/5t4 ,sk9 ?ick1 t\gh1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 some:at a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 t\gh1 slightly /r+y1 r solid1 foxy1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s some:at adh]5t1 two to five av]ag+ f\r1 l>ge1 r n>r[1 long1 (t5 ) slightly enl>g$ neck1 blunt1 br[ni%2 raphe usually di/9ct1 %[s z a ridge 9 ! bottom ( a broad groove2 *alaza r l>ge1 di/9ctly above c5t]1 n obscure4 ,,alex&]4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,dom4 ,enc41 #ahjd3bia4 #b4 ,mc,mahon1 #ahjf3bce4 #c4 ,johnson1 #ahjf3afd4 #d4 ,adlum1 #ahbc3aci4 #e4 ,ib41 #ahbc3adj4 #f4 ,duf\r1 #ahbf3e1 #i1 #bd1 #ee1 #aaf1 #bjg1 #bdg1 #bee4 #g4 ,adlum1 #ahbh3agc4 #h4 ,ib41 #ahbh3agd4 #i4 ,pr9ce1 #ahcj3agc1 #baf1 #bai4 #aj4 ,ib41 #ahcj3agd4 #aa4 ,ib41 #ahcj3bjj4 #ab4 ,d[n+1 #ahde3bec4 #ac4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahdg3dfb4 #ad4 ,ib41 #ahdg3dfh4 #ae4 ,ib41 #ahef3dcd4 #af4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3fh4 ,alex&]'s 7#g1 #ae74 ,alex&ria 7#ae74 ,black ,grape 7#af74 ,buck ,grape 7#aa74 ,,cape 7#f1 #ae74 ,cape grape 7#ab1 #ac1 #af74 ,cape ( ,good ,hope grape 7#i1 #aj74 ,,clifton',s ,,con/antia 7#d1 #h1 #aj74 ,clifton's ,con/antia 7#ab1 #af74 ,columbian 7#aa74 ,con/antia 7#f1 #af74 ,madeira ( ,york1 ,pa4 7#ab74 ,ro?rock ( ,pr9ce 7#af74 ,,s*uylkill ,,muscadel 7#e1 #g1 #ac74 ,s*uylkill ,muscadel 7#i1 #ab1 #ad1 #ae1 #af74 ,s*uylkill ,muscad9e 7#ab74 ,spr+ ,mill ,con/antia 7#i1 #ab1 #af74 ,task]'s grape 7#a1 #b1 #c1 #g1 #i1 #ab1 #af74 ,vevay 7#ac1 #ae1 #af74 ,,w9ne 7#aa74 ,w9ne 7#ab1 #af74 ,york ,lisbon 7#af74 ,alex&] is n[ a grape ( ! pa/ b no o!r ( our ,am]ican v>ieties bett] des]ves hi/orical record4 ,we h se5 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s h[ important a "p x _h 9 ! evolution ( our native grapes1 be+ "o ( ! fir/ wild grapes to be dome/icat$4 ,! ,alex&] 0 a co>se grape ) s mu* fox9ess ( flavor t x did n please ! e>ly gr[]s1 :o _h be5 accu/om$ to ,european sorts1 z a table-grape1 b x made a v good w9e ( ! cl>et type & 0 gr[n = ?is purpose until displac$ by ! ,catawba4 ,x 0 w9e made f ?is v>iety t ,?omas ,jeff]son#aeg pron\nc$ wor?y ( ! be/ v9ey>ds ( ,france4 ,! e>ly writ]s diff] s 9 _! e/imates ( ! good & bad qualities ( ?is grape t x is h>d to give its true *>act]s at ?is late date4 ,! e>ly hi/ory ( ,alex&] is really ! hi/ory ( two v>ieties3 ! ,s*uylkill ,muscadel & ! ,clifton ,con/antia4 ,! fir/ ( ^! v>ieties 01 accord+ to ,b>tram1 f\nd gr[+ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,philadelphia on ! hills bord]+ ! ,s*uylkill ,riv] 9 ! neighborhood ( an old v9ey>d ( ,european grapes4 ,! f9d]1 ,john ,alex&]1 0 g>d5] to ,gov]nor ,p5n ( ,p5nsylvania1 into ^: g>d5 he introduc$ x a few ye>s be=e ! ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,x 0 lat] kn[n z ,task]'s grape f a ,mr4 ,task] ( ,m>yl& :o cultivat$ x l>gely4 ,! ,clifton ,con/antia1 accord+ to ,adlum1 orig9at$ ) ,william ,clifton ( ,s\?w>k1 ,philadelphia1 :o /ates t x 0 a *ance se$l+ 9 8 g>d54 ,adlum says t ! two v>ieties _h be5 confus$1 t !y are mu* alike 9 ! gr[? ( ! v9e & ! color ( ! grape b ! ,s*uylkill has r ! l>ge/ b]ries & is sweet]1 & g5]ally has a small %\ld] or bran* ) f\r or five grapes on x gr[+ out f ! top ( ! bun*4 ,pr9ce also describes ! v>ieties z sep>ate1 b he says !y are g5]ally cultivat$ & consid]$ z synonym\s4 ,lat] writ]s consid] ! two grapes id5tical4 ,pet] ,legaux1 ! promot] ( a v9ey>d company at ,spr+ ,mill1 ab\t f\rte5 miles f ,philadelphia1 secur$ "s v9es ( ! ,clifton ,con/antia f ,clifton & lat] introduc$ x "u ! "n ( ,cape grape /at+ t he _h secur$ x f ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,:e!r he did ?is purposely & ) int5t to defraud or :e!r he _h accid5tally mix$ ! cutt+s secur$ f ,clifton ) "s ( a l>ge numb] ( cutt+s :i* _h come f abroad w nev] be kn[n4 ,:5 reproa*$ = 8 deception he d5i$ t ?is v>iety 0 a native & cont9u$ to ass]t t he _h secur$ x f ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,9 ?is he 0 /rongly support$ by ,duf\r :o says3 ,i w also try to save ! "* ( our ,cape grapes f be+ m]ely wild grapes1 because "s are n[ f\nd 9 ! woods4 ,legaux's adv]tisem5t ( ?is v>iety _h ! effect ( mak+ x kn[n at lea/ & x is ! op9ion ( writ]s ( t day t _m 7 induc$ to try ?is grape "u ! supposition t x 0 f ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope :o w\ld h scorn$ x _h !y suppos$ x to be a native4 ,x came to be consid]ably plant$ 9 all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 0 e>ly introduc$ into ! ,we/ & prec$$ ! ,catawba z ! popul> grape ar\nd ,c9c9nati4 ,x 0 f\nd wor?less 9 ,new ,engl& & ,new ,york1 ! season n be+ long en\gh to mature ! fruit4 ,) ! introduction & dissem9ation ( ,catawba x 0 gradually dropp$ f cultivation1 ! ,catawba be+ sup]ior 9 quality1 m resi/ant to rot & mildew & slightly e>li]4 ,x is n[ unkn[n & x is d\btful if !re are any liv+ v9es 9 cultivation4 ,alex&] is g5]ally consid]$ a v>iety ( ,labrusca b !re is mu* evid5ce to %[ t x is a hybrid ( ,labrusca & ,v9if]a4 ,?is 0 ! op9ion ( "s ( ! e>li] writ]s b lat] x 0 discr$it$4 ,b>tram gives z "o ( ! di/+ui%+ *>act]s ( ,v9if]a & ,am]ican v9es t ! fir/ %[ oval b]ries :ile ! latt] d n1 b he makes an exception ( ,alex&]4 ,:y ?is %\ld be an exception does n seem app>5t unless x be cr$it$ to hybridity4 ,fur!rmore1 ! season ( ,alex&]1 :i* is v late1 w\ld also indicate =eign blood2 a grape native ( ! vic9ity ( ,philadelphia w\ld suppos$ly be able to rip5 itself 9 t locality1 a ?+ t ! ,alex&] seldom did p]fectly1 & x is spok5 ( 9 s\!rn ,indiana z be+ v late4 ,its place ( orig9 79 ! vic9ity ( an old v9ey>d ( ,european k9ds7 w\ld indicate t !re 0 an opportunity = hybridization to take place4 ,! descriptions /rongly sugge/ "s ( ! co>s]-textur$ ( ,rog]s' hybrids4 ,?is solution1 if x be accept$1 w\ld acc\nt = ! diff]5ce ( op9ion z to its orig94 ,b>tram & ,pr9ce c\ld see en\gh ( ! *>act]s ( ! native 9 a hybrid s t !y c\ld be deceiv$ into claim+ x z a native1 & ,duf\r on ! o!r h& c\ld see en\gh ( ! ,v9if]a *>act]s s t he felt !re 0 no "q z to its be+ ( =eign orig94 ,d[n+ gives :at is probably ! mo/ complete description ( ?is v>iety we n[ h1 al?\gh x 0 made f fruit rais$ "s di/ance f>!r nor? ?an :]e ! v>iety matures prop]ly4 ,he says3 ,x is q sweet :5 ripe & makes a v fair w9e b x is q too pulpy & co>se = table use4 ,! bun*es are m compact & ! leaves mu* m d[ny ?an ^? ( ! ,isabella4 ,bun*es r compact1 n %\ld]$4 ,b]ries ( m$ium size1 oval4 ,sk9 ?ick1 q black4 ,fle% ) a v firm pulp1 b juicy1 & q sweet & musky1 :5 fully ripe1 :i* is n till ! la/ ( ,octob]4 ,duf\r speaks ( ! b]ries rip5+ unev5ly1 requir+ ! gre5 ones to be pick$ out be=e s5d+ to ! w9e press4 ,,alex&] ,,w9t]4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fac4 #ahib4 #b4 ,ib41 #ad3bge4 #ahie4 #c4 ,ib41 #ag3ebf1 #edh1 #eec4 #ahih4 ,alex&] ,w9t] is *iefly valuable because ( ! l5g? ( "t x w keep4 ,z its "n implies x is a w9t] grape4 ,! flavor is mo/ excell5t & :5 well gr[n ! appe>ance ( bun* & grape is attractive4 ,ano!r desirable quality is t ! av]age numb] ( se$s to ! b]ry is small1 be+ only two4 ,! great defect ( ! v>iety is t1 ev5 ) cross-poll9ization1 p]fect clu/]s d n =m4 ,!re are _m gre5 b]ries1 & :5 ripe !re are always "s small se$less b]ries indicat+ imp]fect f]tilization4 ,v9e & foliage indicate ,labrusca p>5tage b ! fruit sugge/s an admixture ( ,v9if]a4 ,al?\gh r>ely f\nd 9 ! g>d5s & v9ey>ds ( ,new ,york1 ,alex&] ,w9t] is well wor? a place 9 ! g>d5 ( ! amateur & ( ! grape-bre$] because ( its excell5t keep+ qualities4 ,alex&] ,w9t] 0 orig9at$ by ,s4 ,r4 ,alex&]1 ,bellefonta9e1 ,ohio1 f a lot ( mix$ se$ plant$ 9 #ahhd4 ,x 0 receiv$ at ?is ,/ation 9 #ahib4 ,x seems n to h be5 te/$ else:]e & is n g5]ally h&l$ by nurs]ym54 ,v9e vigor\s1 injur$ 9 sev]e w9t]s1 productive4 ,foliage irregul>ly r\ndi%1 d>k gre54 ,fl[]s op5 9 mid-season or e>li]2 /am5s reflex$4 ,x _c be reli$ ^u to set p]fect clu/]s :5 /&+ alone & ev5 :5 gr[+ 9 a mix$ v9ey>d fails to set fruit well4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,salem1 keeps a long "t 9 edible condition4 ,clu/]s above m$ium to small1 v heavily %\ld]$1 loose1 conta9 _m small se$less fruits4 ,b]ries v>iable 9 size1 ! fully develop$ fruits av]ag+ m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi%1 dull1 light & d>k r$1 cov]$ ) ?9 lilac bloom or at times ) fa9t t+e ( grayi%-blue1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 cov]$ ) scatt]+ d>k-color$ dots1 r ?ick b t5d]4 ,fle% t5d]1 v9\s1 ) indications ( ,v9if]a p>5tage1 sweeti% to agreeably t>t1 flavor pleas+1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s l>ge1 few 9 numb]2 raphe sometimes %[s z a rais$ cord4 7,i7 ,,alice4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3hd4 ,alice is "o ( two ,new ,york se$l+s ( ?is "n (f]$ grape-gr[]s1 nei!r ( :i* is wor? a p]man5t place 9 viticulture4 ,?is grape is a :ite se$l+ ( ,m>?a1 & mu* resembles t v>iety4 ,x 0 orig9at$ by ,j4 ,a4 ,putnam1 ,fr$onia1 ,new ,york1 :o writes t ! v9e 0 fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahij4 ,on acc\nt ( its close resemblance to ,m>?a x 0 g5]ally consid]$ unwor?y ( p]petuation & is n[ practically obsolete4 7,,ii7 ,,alice4 7,labrusca1 ,ae/ivalis81 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #df3cf4 #ahhg4 fig4 #b4 ,ib41 #dg3afa4 #ahhh4 #c4 ,am]4 ,g>d41 #i3g4 #ahhh4 fig4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fac4 #ahib4 #e4 ,am]4 ,g>d41 #af3dbc4 #ahie4 fig4 #f4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahie3bcc4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ad3bge4 #ahie4 #h4 ,m9n4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahif3acd4 fig4 #i4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ef3ffb1 #fgi4 #ahig4 #aj4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebf1 #edh1 #eec4 #ahih4 ,a brief record ( ! orig91 hi/ory & gross *>act]s ( ,alice is h]e) giv54 ,! grape is ( little value 9 ,new ,york4 ,?is v>iety 0 f\nd gr[+ ne> an old /one wall by ,w>d ,d4 ,gunn ( ,cl9tondale1 ,ul/] ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 & 0 transplant$ into 8 v9ey>d 9 ! spr+ ( #ahhd4 ,x 0 introduc$ by ,f4 ,e4 ,"y ( ,ro*e/]4 ,?is is a ,labrusca1 ) a few *>act]s t indicate ,ae/ivalis & ,v9if]a blood4 ,v9e vigor\s to m$ium1 h>dy1 produces fair crops4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge1 sometimes /rongly rugose1 ) l[] surface heavily pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s self-f]tile or ne>ly s1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,concord or slightly e>li]1 ! diff]5t clu/]s v>y+ 9 season ( rip5+1 %ips well & keeps 9 good condition f> into ! w9t]4 ,clu/]s int]m$iate 9 size1 usually ) a small s+le %\ld]1 m$ium to compact4 ,b]ries above m$ium to small1 r\ndi% al?\gh frequ5tly /rongly compress$ on acc\nt ( compactness ( clu/]1 r dull1 pale r$1 some:at light] ?an ,catawba1 cov]$ ) ?9 lilac bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 v ?ick4 ,fle% t5d]1 v9\s1 some:at foxy1 sweet at sk9 to agreeably t>t at c5t]1 good 9 quality1 resembl+ ,diana or ,catawba4 ,! se$s1 :i* are few 9 numb]1 (t5 %[ a r\gh granul>1 w>ty surface ar\nd ! *alaza4 ,,all5',s ,,hybrid4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bj3dgd4 #ahed4 #b4 ,ib41 #ba3ahb4 #ahee4 #c4 ,essex ,in/4 ,proc41 #a3aie4 #ahef4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bf3ff4 #ahfj4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfb3ij4 #f4 ,/rong1 #ahff3ccj4 #g4 ,mead1 #ahfg3agf1 #ahg1 #aid4 fig4 #h4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ac3cbj4 #aijj4 #i4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3dj4 #aija4 ,a half c5tury ago ,all5's ,hybrid 0 ! v9e ( promise 9 ,am]ica4 ,x 0 ! fir/ nam$ hybrid betwe5 ,vitis labrusca & ,vitis v9if]a to be dissem9at$ & z su* awak5$ ! slumb]+ hopes ( ! horticulturi/s ( a cont95t4 ,am]ican grape-gr[]s _h all b giv5 up ! expectation ( ev] gr[+ ! ,european grape 9 ! ,new ,_w :5 ,all5 ann\nc$ ?is hybrid4 ,auspici\s hope6 ,grape-gr[]s ev]y:]e hybridiz$ grapes & ! gr[+ ( ! v9e receiv$ an impetus surpass$ only by t ( ! introduction ( ! ,concord4 ,botani/s & horticulturi/s _h d\bt$ ! possibility & ! practicability ( cross+ ! ,old ,_w grape ) ! ,new ,_w species1 :5 ?is v>iety remov$ ! d\bt & l$ !m to hope t we 7 to h v>ieties ( grapes 9 ,am]ica possess+ _m ( ! covet$ *>act]s ( ! grapes ( ,europe4 ,aft] its introduction ! v>iety 0 te/$ :]ev] grapes 7 gr[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada1--& = a g5]ation4 ,its high quality1 entirely free f :at 0 !n consid]$ objectionable fox9ess1 h&some appe>ance1 ) "s o!r qualities ( its ,v9if]a p>5t1 at fir/ indicat$ t x 0 a mo/ valuable acquisition2 b x soon develop$ ! t5d]ness ( v9e & susceptibility to fungi & insects :i* h come to be ! di/+ui%+ m>ks ( ! prim>y hybrids ( native species & ! ,european grape4 ,its cultivation has long s9ce ceas$ & x has n[ a place only 9 ! hi/ory ( ,am]ican grape-gr[+4 ,x has be5 "o ( ! p>5ts ( a numb] ( o!r grapes1 *ief ( :i* is ,lady ,wa%+ton1 produc$ f a cross betwe5 ,all5's ,hybrid & ,concord4 ,! grape is lo/ to cultivation b ! "n %\ld be p]petuat$ z commemorat+ "o ( ! great ev5ts 9 ,am]ican viticulture4 ,all5's ,hybrid 0 orig9at$ by ,john ,fiske ,all5 ( ,salem1 ,massa*usetts4 ,9 ! w9t] ( #ahdc-dd he f]tiliz$ ! blossoms ( an ,isabella v9e gr[+ 9 a gre5h\se ) poll5 f ,*asselas de ,fonta9bleau4 ,se$s 7 produc$ & plant$ ! next ye> ! v9es ( :i* began to fruit 9 #ahec & #ahed4 ,"o ( ^! se$l+s ( great] m]it ?an ! o!rs 0 sav$ & nam$ ,all5's ,hybrid2 ! o!rs 7 de/roy$4 ,! v9e is n h>dy1 & requires w9t] protection1 b is vigor\s & productive1 rip5+ q e>ly1 & 9 %elt]$ situations is a desirable v>iety4 ,bun* m$ium to l>ge1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 sometimes depress$2 sk9 ?91 :ite1 *ang+ to pale yell[ :5 fully ripe2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 ri*1 ) a delicate slightly v9\s flavor1 & "o ( ! be/ 9 quality4#aeh ,,amb] ,,que54 7,v9if]a1 ,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgj3cc4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahgc3aja4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3gj4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #h3cdb4 #ahhi4 #e4 ,ib41 #ag3edh1 #eeb4 #ahih4 #f4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3db1 #dd1 #df1 #gf4 #ahii4 #g4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3dj4 #aija4 ,amb] ,que5 is int]e/+ *iefly z hav+ sprung f ?ree species1 ,vitis v9if]a1 ,vitis labrusca & ,vitis rip>ia1 & z %[+ ! *>act]s ( all 9 "s degree4 ,! fruit /rongly indicates ! ,v9if]a p>5tage1 ! cont9u\s t5drils ,labrusca1 & ! v9e1 9 vigor ( gr[? & sev]al botanical *>act]s1 %[s its desc5t f ,rip>ia4 ,! v>iety has nev] be5 mu* gr[n1 & :5 cultivat$ c\ld be be/ *>act]iz$ by its faults--( n sett+ fruit well1 susceptibility to mildew & black-rot & ( unproductiv5ess4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 reasonably successful 9 especially favorable localities4 ,! v>iety 0 fir/ exhibit$ at a meet+ ( ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahgj4 ,x 0 orig9at$ by ,n4 ,b4 ,:ite1 ,norwood1 ,massa*usetts1 f se$ ( ,m>ion f]tiliz$ ) ,black ,hamburg4 ,bu% que/ions ?is p>5tage ow+ to ! fact t ,amb] ,que5 frequ5tly %[s cont9u\s t5drils4 ,9 ! v9ey>d ( ?is ,/ation1 h[ev]1 ,m>ion %[s cont9u\s z well z int]mitt5t t5drils1 indicat+ t x w\ld be q possible = ! ,amb] ,que5 to h inh]it$ its ab]rant t5drils f t s\rce4 ,v9e a /rong gr[]1 usually h>dy1 produces light crops except 9 favor$ locations1 bo? leaves & fruit subject to attacks ( fungal diseases4 ,leaves above m$ium size1 r\ndi%1 r ?ick4 ,fl[]s /]ile or ne>ly s1 practically incapable ( sett+ fruit :5 self-f]tiliz$1 op5 ab\t 9 mid-season & bloom a long "t2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit v>iable 9 season ( rip5+1 sometimes be=e1 at o!r times aft] ,concord1 usually requires m ?an "o pick+ to secure ! fruit at its be/1 does n keep well z ! b]ries soon )]4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size b n l>ge1 usually loose & op5 b sometimes compact4 ,b]ries n uni=m 9 size1 r\ndi% to oval1 d>k r$ cov]$ ) m or less lilac bloom1 some:at resembl+ ,catawba 9 color1 n v firm z ! b]ries soon %rivel1 p]si/5t4 ,fle% v juicy1 s(t & t5d]1 mildly sweet at sk9 to acid at c5t]1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s v>iable 9 size1 frequ5tly ) enl>g$ neck2 *alaza di/9ctly above c5t]4 ,,ambrosia4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aj3did4 #ahia4 #b4 ,ib41 #aa3fad4 #ahib4 #c4 ,ib41 #ag3ebf1 #ede1 #edg1 #eec4 #ahih4 ,ambrosia is a ,new ,york se$l+ :i*1 ?\gh introduc$ ne>ly tw5ty ye>s ago1 has n f\nd favor ) grape-gr[]s4 ,9 quality1 :ile h>dly wor?y ( its "n1 x ranks high & = ?is reason may be wor? a place 9 ! v9ey>d ( ! amateur4 ,on ! ,/ation gr\nds x %ells badly1 diff]+ 9 ?is respect f its suppos$ p>5t ,salem4 ,! v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,alfr$ ,rose ( ,p5n ,yan1 ,new ,york1 f se$ ( ,salem1 plant$ 9 #ahhd4 ,x 0 receiv$ = te/+ by ?is ,/ation 9 #ahhh4 ,!re are no records ( its hav+ be5 te/$ else:]e4 ,v9e vigor\s1 heal?y1 usually h>dy1 mod]ately productive4 ,leaves int]m$iate 9 size2 l[] surface heavily t+$ ) bronze4 ,fl[]s occasionally on plan ( six1 f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season or e>li]2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord or ,delaw>e1 appe>s to keep well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to m$ium1 broadly & irregul>ly tap]+1 sometimes blunt at ends1 usually n %\ld]$ or %\ld] :5 pres5t small & %ort1 compact to m$ium4 ,b]ries l>ge to above m$ium1 slightly oblate1 attractive gre5 *ang+ to a yell[ t+e1 cov]$ ) a m or less gray bloom1 drop f clu/]s easily4 ,fle% r transp>5t & t5d]1 mild1 sweeti% f sk9 to c5t]1 pleasant-flavor$ b some:at v>iable 9 flavor & quality1 rank+ f m$ium to v good4 ,se$s sep>ate readily f ! pulp1 q l>ge2 raphe (t5 %[s z a p>tly subm]g$ cord4 ,,am]ica4 7,l9cecumii1 ,rupe/ris47 #a4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fad4 #ahib4 #b4 ,an4 ,hort41 #ahib3agf4 #c4 ,husmann1 #ahie3aaf1 #abe4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ad3bgf4 #ahie4 #e4 ,ib41 #ag3ebf1 #edh1 #eec1 #ahih4 #f4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aadi1 #aaeb4 #ahih4 fig4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahii3bi4 #h4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3dc1 #de1 #df1 #dg4 #ahii4 #i4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ac3cbj4 #aijj4 #aj4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bfc1 #bgd4 #aijj4 fig4 #aa4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fj3fad4 #aija4 #ab4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijd3cje4 ,am]ica is illu/rat$ & describ$ 9 ,! ,grapes ( ,new ,york *iefly because ( its possible value 9 bre$+ "w4 ,x may also be wor? gr[+ 9 a limit$ way 9 ?is ,/ate = w9e-mak+ z x is reput$ by all :o h tri$ x to be "o ( ! be/ native grapes = a d>k r$ w9e & to make a v good port4 ,! notable qualities ( ! v>iety z x gr[s at ,g5eva are3 ,vigor ( gr[?1 heal? ( foliage1 p]si/5ce ( b]ries1 high sug> cont5t & ! peculi> flavor ( ! fruit1 lik$ by "s & n by o!rs4 ,at lea/ x c be said t ! ta/e ( ,am]ica is new to nor!rn grape-gr[]s2 &1 s9ce x :olly lacks ! foxy ta/e & aroma ( ,labrusca1 x (f]s possibilities = bre$+ v>ieties lack+ ! di/+ui%+ flavor ( ,concord & ,niag>a4 ,?is v>iety w\ld probably be some:at objectionable 9 nor!rn m>kets z a table fruit because ( ! highly color$ juice1 :i* /a9s ! h&s & ! lips4 ,! flavor is decid$ly t ( ,vitis rupe/ris4 ,its orig9ator claims = ,am]ica great resi/ance to heat & cold2 & our exp]i5ce1 ?\gh limit$1 confirms ! claim4 ,s1 too1 x is said to be a suitable /ock ^u :i* to graft ,v9if]a v>ieties to resi/ phyllox]a1 a matt] conc]n+ :i* our exp]i5ce 9 ?is region (f]s no?+1 ?\gh ! p>5tage /rongly sugge/s su* resi/ance to be ! case4 ,! vigor ( ! v9e & ! luxuriance ( ! foliage1 probably /ill m m>k$ f>!r s\?1 _c b make x an excell5t sort = arbors4 ,b ! fact mu/ be emphasiz$ t ,am]ica is preem95tly ( int]e/ to ! nor!rn grape-gr[] because x gives him an opportunity to make use 9 bre$+ "w1 ( ! qualities ( ,rupe/ris & ,l9cecumii1 s\!rn species comb9$ 9 ?is v>iety & ?riv+ 9 ! comb9ation 9 nor!rn conditions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am]ica ,! grape describ$ "h 0 orig9at$ by ,munson f se$ ( ,jaeg] ,no4 #dc poll9at$ by a male ,rupe/ris4 ,x 0 receiv$ at ?is ,/ation 9 #ahib :i* 0 practically ! date ( its introduction4 ,am]ica has be5 widely te/$ by exp]im5t /ations & ! reports ( its behavior are g5]ally favorable4 ,v9e vigor\s to v vigor\s1 usually h>dy1 produces heavy crops4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 ( m$ium size1 d>k r$di%-br[n1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom2 nodes enl>g$1 /rongly flatt5$2 int]nodes ( av]age l5g?2 diaphragm m$ium 9 ?ickness2 pi? r l>ge2 %oots glabr\s1 cov]$ ) blue bloom2 t5drils int]mitt5t2 long1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds op5 9 mid-season1 m$ium to small1 ( av]age l5g?1 r ?ick1 conical to obtuse4 ,"y leaves t+$ on bo? sides1 mak+ ! prevail+ color rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves heal?y1 inf]ior 9 size1 r ?92 upp] surface attractive m$ium gre51 glossy1 smoo?2 l[] surface light gre51 hairy2 ve9s indi/9ct2 lobes lack+ or fa9tly %[+1 t]m9al lobe acute2 petiol> s9us mod]ately deep & wide2 tee? ( av]age dep? & wid?4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 usually on plan ( six1 op5 late2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,concord or lat]1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s ne>ly l>ge1 above m$ium l5g?1 broad1 tap]+1 some:at cyl9drical1 irregul>1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 av]ag+ two or ?ree bun*es p] %oot1 usually compact2 p$uncle ( m$ium l5g?1 r ?ick2 p$icel %ort1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) few1 small1 inconspicu\s w>ts2 bru% %ort1 ?ick1 ) r$di% t+e4 ,b]ries m$ium to small1 v>iable 9 size1 r\ndi%1 attractive black or purpli%-black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 some:at s(t4 ,sk9 ?91 v t5d]1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s an unusually l>ge am\nt ( purpli%-r$ pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% dull :ite ) fa9t r$di% t+e1 transluc5t1 n v juicy1 t5d]1 n /r+y1 melt+1 spicy1 v9\s1 sweet1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily1 two to five1 av]age f\r1 above m$ium size1 long1 ( mod]ate wid?1 po9t$1 yell[i%-br[n2 raphe prom95t1 cord-l2 *alaza l>ge1 slightly above c5t]1 irregul>ly circul>1 di/9ct4 ,!re is a second v>iety "u ! "n ,am]ica1 z ,ricketts ye>s ago introduc$ an ,am]ica :i* has probably pass$ f cultivation4 ,,ame?y/4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 ,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijc3hb4 ,ame?y/ is "o ( ,munson's hybrids z yet unkn[n to ! grape-gr[]s ( ,new ,york4 ,x is a mo/ excell5t table grape1 com+ aft] ! ,delaw>e :i* x mu* resembles 9 habit ( gr[? & 9 fruit4 ,x is a /rong] gr[] ?an ,delaw>e1 has prov$ to be z h>dy1 is seem+ly n attack$ readily by black-rot1 b l ! ,delaw>e is susceptible to mildew4 ,9 quality x ranks ) ,delago1 ,brilliant1 ,goe!1 ,l9dley & ,delaw>e1 all p>5ts "o or two g5]ations remov$4 ,accord+ to ,munson x makes a good :ite w9e4 ,x is at lea/ an amateur's grape1 to be s\ght because ( high quality4 ,x 0 orig9at$ by ,t4 ,v4 ,munson ( ,d5ison1 ,texas1 be+ fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahih4 ,x is a cross ( ,delago & ,brilliant & 0 introduc$ 9 #aijb4 ,v9e mod]ately vigor\s1 h>dy1 m$ium to productive1 susceptible to attacks ( mildew4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 numb] & ?ickness1 light & d>k br[n deep5+ 9 color at ! nodes4 ,leaves m$ium to ne>ly l>ge1 light gre52 l[] surface pale gre51 pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s ne>ly f]tile to slightly /]ile1 op5 r late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s aft] ,delaw>e1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 int]m$iate 9 l5g? & wid?1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 compact4 ,b]ries above m$ium to small1 r\ndi% to oval1 /rongly n>r[+ t[>d ! p$icel on acc\nt ( compactness ( clu/]1 r attractive d>k r$1 cov]$ ) lilac bloom1 usually p]si/5t4 ,sk9 ?ick1 ( av]age t\ghness4 ,fle% r t\gh1 solid1 v9\s1 sweeti% at sk9 to agreeably t>t at c5t] some:at resembl+ ,brilliant1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s int]m$iate 9 size & l5g?1 (t5 ) enl>g$ neck4 ,,am9ia4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #ca3ccc4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfe3dj4 #c4 ,n4 ,y4 ,agr4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgj3bgf4 #d4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge3cda4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3gj4 #f4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3beb4 #ahic4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebf1 #edh1 #eec4 #ahih4 #h4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3db1 #dd1 #df1 #dh1 #ed4 #ahii4 #i4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ac3cbj4 #aijj4 ,,rog]s' ,,no4 #ci 7#a1 #b1 #c1 #d74 ,rog]s' ,no4 #ci 7#e74 ,am9ia is des]v+ ! recognition ( a color-plate & a full description 9 ?is "w because 9 quality x is "o ( ! be/ e>ly grapes = ,new ,york4 ,besides be+ e>ly & ( good quality x keeps well4 ,x rip5s ) or a little aft] ,moore ,e>ly & ,h>t=d1 produc+ b]ries ( high quality & attractive appe>ance b ! bun*es are small1 v>iable 9 size1 n well =m$ z a rule1 & ! b]ries rip5 unev5ly4 ,! v9e is vigor\s1 n z h>dy z might be wi%$ = 9 ,new ,york1 nor z productive z a comm]cial v>iety mu/ be1 & %[s ! weaknesses *>act]i/ic ( all ( ,rog]s' hybrids4 ,illu/ration3 ,,am9ia ,= an acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ! ,am9ia see page #cij "u ,rog]s' ,hybrids4 ,9 #ahfg ,bu% secur$ v9es ( ,rog]s' ,no4 #ci f sev]al diff]5t s\rces4 ,:5 ^! came into be>+ he f\nd he _h ?ree diff]5t v>ieties4 ,! orig9al v9e ( ,rog]s' ,no4 #ci hav+ be5 de/roy$ x 0 impossible to det]m9e :i* 0 ! correct "o4 ,bu% select$ ! be/ ( ^! & to avoid fur!r confusion1 ) ! cons5t ( ,rog]s1 nam$ x ,am9ia4 ,b 9 spite ( ,bu%'s c>e !re are /ill at lea/ two diff]5t v>ieties cultivat$ "u ?is "n4 ,al?\gh ! ,am9ia is f\nd 9 _m v>ietal v9ey>ds1 an exam9ation ( ov] =ty ( ! lead+ grape nurs]ym5's catalogs %[s only ?ree :o (f] v9es = sale4 ,v9e vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 lack+ some:at 9 productiv5ess4 ,canes slightly r\gh1 long1 m$ium 9 numb]1 ?icki%1 d>k br[n to r$di% t+e2 nodes enl>g$1 usually n flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to long2 diaphragm some:at ?ick2 pi? l>ge2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 long to m$ium1 trifid to bifid1 p]si/5t4 ,leaf-buds op5 9 mid-season1 ab\t m$ium 9 size & l5g?1 above av]age ?ickness1 prom95t1 obtuse to conical4 ,"y leaves color$ on bo? sides1 prevail+ color r bright c>m9e4 ,leaves l>ge1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface m$ium gre51 r dull1 ne>ly smoo?2 l[] surface light gre51 slightly pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes usually ?ree1 t]m9al lobe acute2 petiol> s9us r deep1 n>r[1 (t5 clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us usually lack+2 lat]al s9us ne>ly %all[1 n>r[2 tee? some:at %all[1 incl9$ to wide4 ,fl[]s op5 9 mid-season1 /]ile2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s e>ly1 j aft] ,h>t=d1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 ( av]age l5g?1 broad1 irregul>1 some:at conical1 sometimes ) a long %\ld]1 r loose2 p$uncle long1 ?ick2 p$icel longi%1 n sl5d]1 broad at po9t ( atta*m5t1 cov]$ ) few w>ts2 bru% %ort1 ?ick1 br[ni%-r$4 ,b]ries range f l>ge to small1 decid$ly v>iable1 r\ndi%1 dull black1 cov]$ ) blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 r ?ick1 some:at t5d]1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( purpli%-r$ pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 mod]ately t5d]1 r solid & co>se1 foxy1 sweet at sk9 b some:at acid at c5t]2 quality good4 ,se$s adh]5t1 "o to six1 av]age ?ree & f\r1 v l>ge1 long1 fair wid?1 %>ply po9t$1 light br[n ) yell[ t+e2 raphe obscure2 *alaza l>ge1 above c5t]1 irregul>ly circul> to oval1 di/9ct4 ,,anto9ette4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,n4 ,j4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3aj4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #dh3hja4 #ahhi4 fig4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3hf4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ae3bid4 #ahif4 #e4 ,ib41 #ag3ebf1 #ede1 #edg1 #eec4 #ahih4 #f4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bce4 #aijb4 ,anto9ette is a :ite se$l+ ( ,concord :i*1 on ! ,/ation gr\nds1 & 9 ! ,/ate at l>ge1 has n %[n suffici5t m]it to w>rant its recomm5dation4 ,x is v simil> to ! sev]al o!r :ite se$l+s ( ,concord1 all ( :i* h a decid$ v>ietal resemblance & :i*1 except 9 color ( fruit1 h ! g5]al *>act]s ( ,concord4 ,t4 ,b4 ,m9]1 ( ,new ,j]sey1 produc$ ,anto9ette f ,concord se$ ov] ?irty ye>s ago4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 usually h>dy1 fairly productive4 ,canes m$ium to %ort1 usually r\gh5$4 ,leaves ( av]age size & ?ickness ) l[] surface heavily pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s op5 9 mid-season or e>li]1 f]tile2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,concord or slightly e>li]1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 cyl9drical to tap]+1 usually n %\ld]$1 v>iable 9 compactness4 ,b]ries l>ge to bel[ m$ium1 r\ndi%1 d>k dull gre5 or :iti%1 (t5 ) a t+e ( yell[1 cov]$ ) heavy gray bloom1 incl9$ to drop f p$icel1 n firm4 ,sk9 usually cov]$ ) small scatt]+ d>k dots1 ?91 v>iable 9 t\ghness4 ,fle% r t\gh1 sweeti% next ! sk91 t>t at c5t]1 slightly foxy1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate f ! pulp ) difficulty1 n num]\s1 r l>ge1 d>k br[n4 ,,augu/ ,,giant4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3ie4 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3gb4 #c4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3beb4 #ahic4 #d4 ,col4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bi3ah4 #ahid4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3hf4 #f4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #g3acd1 #acf4 #ahie4 ,! orig9ator ( ,augu/ ,giant has manag$ to secure a hybrid ( ,vitis labrusca & ,vitis v9if]a 9 :i* ! fruit *>act]s are decid$ly ^? ( ! latt] species4 ,9 appe>ance ( b]ry & 9 ta/e1 :5 well gr[n1 ,augu/ ,giant greatly resembles ,black ,hamburg4 ,! v9e is unusually vigor\s &1 consid]+ its p>5tage1 is q h>dy4 ,! foliage is ?ick & luxuriant1 ?\gh some:at subject to mildew4 ,! vigor ( v9e1 beauty ( foliage1 & ! high quality ( ! fruit make ! v>iety a desirable "o = ! amateur1 especially :]e an ornam5tal v9e is want$4 ,! v>iety ne$s to be gr[n :]e ! fruit c h a long & favorable matur+ season4 ,augu/ ,giant 0 orig9at$ by ,n4 ,b4 ,:ite ( ,norwood1 ,massa*usetts1 9 #ahfa f se$ ( an e>ly1 l>ge-b]ri$ r$ grape ( ! ,labrusca type1 poll9at$ by ,black ,hamburg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,augu/ ,,giant ,v9e v vigor\s1 usually h>dy1 n a heavy be>]1 some:at subject to mildew4 ,canes m$ium to long1 num]\s1 ?ick1 light to d>k br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 slightly flatt5$2 int]nodes bel[ av]age l5g?2 diaphragm r ?ick2 pi? l>ge to m$ium2 %oots slightly pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 m$ium to long1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds op5 9 mid-season1 ( av]age size1 %ort1 r ?ick1 conical to obtuse4 ,"y leaves t+$ ) c>m9e on l[] side ext5d+ beyond bord] ( upp] side4 ,leaves m$ium to v l>ge1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 glossy1 smoo?1 slightly rugose on old] leaves2 l[] surface pale gre5 to indi/9ct bronze1 pubesc5t2 ve9s r indi/9ct2 lobes usually ?ree1 t]m9al lobe acute2 petiol> s9us m$ium to deep1 n>r[1 frequ5tly clos$ & ov]lapp+2 lat]al s9us %all[ to a m]e not*2 tee? %all[1 n>r[4 ,fl[]s op5 9 mid-season1 /]ile2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t a week lat] ?an ,moore ,e>ly1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s ( av]age size or sometimes l>g]1 m$ium to %ort1 r broad1 irregul>ly tap]+1 n uni=m1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 loose to ne>ly compact2 p$uncle long to m$ium 9 l5g?1 some:at ?ick2 p$icel longi%1 ?ick1 wide at atta*m5t to b]ry1 cov]$ ) num]\s l>ge w>ts2 bru% %ort1 ?ick1 gre5i% or ) br[n t+e4 ,b]ries resemble ,black ,hamburg 9 g5]al appe>ance b some:at v>iable1 av]ag+ l>ge1 oval to r\ndi%1 d>k purpli%-r$ or black1 dull1 cov]$ ) ?ick blue bloom1 hang well to p$icel1 firm4 ,sk9 ( av]age ?ickness1 t\gh1 adh]es slightly to pulp1 conta9s a small am\nt ( bright r$ pigm5t1 /rongly a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 some:at t\gh1 /r+y1 agreeably t>t at sk9 b acid at c5t]1 good 9 quality1 resembl+ ,black ,hamburg4 ,se$s adh]5t1 "o to f\r1 av]ag+ ?ree1 l>ge1 r broad1 long1 plump1 some:at blunt1 light br[n2 raphe usually obscure2 *alaza some:at l>ge1 above c5t]1 irregul>ly circul>1 di/9ct4 ,,autu*on4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,d[n+1 #ahfi3ecj4 #b4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3cbe1 #ccd1 #cfh4 #ahfi4 fig4 #c4 ,horticulturi/1 #bd3ai1 #ahfi4 #d4 ,ib41 #be3gd4 #ahgj4 #e4 ,grape ,cult41 #b3bfe4 #ahgj4 #f4 ,b>ry1 #ahgb3dbd4 #g4 ,horticulturi/1 #bg3ad4 #ahgb4 #h4 ,montreal ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3aei4 #i4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ga4 fig4 #aj4 ,m9n4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhd3bdi4 #aa4 ,c4 ,c54 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt41 #ahia3acd4 #ab4 ,trait g54 de vit41 #e3bjj4 #aijc4 ,,arnold',s ,,no4 #e 7#c74 ,arnold's ,no4 #e 7#a1 #b1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #ab74 ,autu*on 0 introduc$ ab\t #ahgj ) great clat4 ,x 0 h]ald$ z ! be/ :ite grape 9 ,am]ica--a v]itable treasure4 ,lat] x 0 gr[n & some:at widely te/$ 9 ,france4 ,b 9 nei!r c\ntry has x come up to expectations4 ,9 ,am]ica x has prov$ to be some:at t5d] to cold1 an unreliable be>] & subject to rot & mildew4 ,9 ,france x %[s ! same weaknesses & is n z resi/ant to phyllox]a z are o!r & bett] ,am]ican sorts4 ,! quality ( ,autu*on is excell5t1 be+ t ( its ,european p>5t ) ! agreeable sprightl9ess ( its ,am]ican ance/or4 ,accord+ to ! reports reg>d+ x f ,france x makes a w9e rem>kably :ite1 v9\s & fre%1 slightly musky & agreeable1 & ( a beautiful yell[ color4#aei ,autu*on 0 orig9at$ by ,*>les ,arnold ( ,p>is1 ,canada1 f se$ plant$ 9 #ahei1 ,! p>5ts are ,cl9ton poll9at$ by ,gold5 ,*asselas4 ,x is n 9 ! ,/ation collection1 & ! foll[+ description is tak5 f ! ,bu%b]g ,catalogue4#afj ,leaves d>k gre51 v deep lob$ & %>p po9t$ s]ratures2 ! unripe wood is v d>k purple1 ne>ly black4 ,bun*es v long1 n heavily %\ld]$1 r loose2 b]ries m$ium size1 r\nd1 :ite 7gre571 ) a mod]ately firm1 b readily melt+ fle%1 & an agreeable sprightly flavor1 resembl+ ! ,:ite ,*asselas4 ,sk9 ?91 )\t a/r+5cy4 ,rip5s ) ! ,delaw>e4 ,,bac*us4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgi 7cit$ by #b74 #b4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bb3agf4 #ahhj4 #c4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhj3bch4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3gb4 fig4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3cbf4 #ahij4 #f4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3beb4 #ahic4 #g4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3afg4 #ahif4 #h4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ei3g4 #aijj4 ,bac*us is a w9e grape deem$ wor?y by its orig9ator to be> ! "n ( ! god ( w9e4 ,x is an (fspr+ ( ,cl9ton :i* x mu* resembles 9 v9e & leaf *>act]s b surpasses 9 quality ( fruit & 9 productiv5ess4 ,9 ,new ,york ,bac*us has v g5]ally sup]s$$ ,cl9ton ?\gh nei!r is ext5sively gr[n4 ,x is vigor\s1 productive1 h>dy1 free f mildew & adapt$ to a v>iety ( soils2 x requires a long season = full maturity & _c !re=e be well gr[n 9 nor!rn locations ?\gh ! seasons 9 ! grape regions ( ,new ,york are usually suffici5tly long4 ,! w9e-mak]s ( ! ,/ate m5tion x z "o ( ! mo/ desirable grapes = a d>k r$ w9e4 ,:ile x is g5]ally too t>t = a dess]t grape1 yet if left on ! v9e until fro/1 z late z x c hang1 x becomes a good late table grape4 ,bac*us is "o ( ! be/1 if n ! be/1 cultivat$ types ( ,rip>ia1 or ( ! ,cl9ton gr\p ( ,rip>ia4 ,its special po9ts ( m]it f a broad /&po9t are3 ,resi/ance to cold1 resi/ance to phyllox]a1 value = w9e-mak+1 fre$om f fungi & insects1 productiv5ess1 ease ( multiplication1 & capacity to be> grafts4 ,= ! above qualities x (f]s exceptional opportunities to ! plant-bre$]4 ,its mo/ prom95t limitations are3 ,poor quality = table use1 inability to )/& dry soils or dr\ghts & non-adaptability to soils conta9+ mu* lime4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bac*us ,!re is no "q ab\t ! orig9 ( ,bac*us4 ,x is a se$l+ ( ,cl9ton :i*1 z m5tion$ above1 x greatly resembles 9 e "*4 ,! v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts ( ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 & 0 fir/ exhibit$ by him be=e ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahgi4 ,x is well kn[n 9 ea/]n ,unit$ ,/ates &1 z 9 ,new ,york1 is highly ?\ght ( z a w9e grape4 ,v9e v vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 productive4 ,canes av]age 9 l5g?1 num]\s1 ( m$ium size1 r light to d>k br[n ) "s bloom at nodes :i* are some:at enl>g$ & flatt5$2 int]nodes int]m$iate 9 l5g?2 diaphragm bel[ av]age ?ickness2 pi? l>ge to m$ium2 %oots ne>ly glabr\s2 t5drils cont9u\s1 ( mean l5g?1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds op5 e>ly1 ( av]age size1 r %ort1 ?ick1 obtuse to conical4 ,"y leaves fa9tly t+$ ) c>m9e on l[] side only1 prevail+ color pale gre5 ) fa9t c>m9e t+e4 ,leaves m$ium to small1 ?92 upp] surface d>k gre51 glossy1 smoo?2 l[] surface dull gre51 n pubesc5t2 ve9s indi/9ct2 lobes ?ree 9 numb]1 t]m9al lobe acum9ate2 petiol> s9us m$ium to %all[1 n>r[ sometimes ne>ly ov]lapp+2 basal s9us lack+2 lat]al s9us %all[1 wide2 tee? ( av]age dep? & wid?4 ,fl[]s op5 e>ly1 /]ile2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s late & keeps well1 hang+ a long "t on ! v9e4 ,clu/]s small to m$ium1 bel[ av]age l5g?1 r sl5d]1 uni=m1 cyl9drical1 (t5 s+le-%\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle almo/ %ort1 int]m$iate 9 size2 p$icel %ort to m$ium1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) a few small w>ts2 bru% %ort1 w9e-color$4 ,b]ries v>iable 9 size1 bel[ m$ium to small1 r\ndi%1 black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) a mod]ate am\nt ( blue bloom1 hang well to p$icels1 firm4 ,sk9 ?91 ( av]age t\ghness1 adh]es only slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s mu* w9e-color$ pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% d>k gre51 transluc5t1 f9e-gra9$1 some:at t\gh1 v9\s1 sweet at sk9 to t>t ne> se$s1 ) slight ,rip>ia spic9ess1 ( m$ium quality1 improv+ z ! season advances4 ,se$s cl+ to pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age two1 (t5 _m abortive1 above m$ium size1 r %ort & wide1 usually plump1 %>ply po9t$1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza above c5t]1 pe>-%ap$1 di/9ct4 ,mu/ regi/]s #ie-aaj4 ,,bailey4 7,l9cecumii1 ,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ej3bba1 #bbb4 #ahia4 fig4 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aei4 #c4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ad3bgf4 #ahie4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebf1 #edh1 #eec4 #ahih4 #e4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aadi1 #aaec4 #ahih4 fig4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahii3bi4 #g4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bge4 #aijj4 #h4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fj3fad4 #aija4 ,9 ! ,bailey are comb9$ *>act]s ( ?ree species1 ,v9if]a1 ,labrusca & ,l9cecumii--*>act]s atta9$ 9 ?ree widely sep>at$ regions1 ,europe1 ,massa*usetts1 & ,texas4 ,moreov] ! *>act]s ( ,v9if]a & ,labrusca h be5 transmitt$ to ,bailey ?r\gh ,triumph1 9 :i* v>iety !y are z well comb9$ z 9 any o!r hybrid ( ! two species4 ,! ,l9cecumii p>5t1 ,big ,b]ry1 is at ! head ( ,munson's ,big ,b]ry ,family ( hybrids2 br\ght 9 f ! wild1 x is "o ( ! be/ repres5tatives ( its species4 ,bailey1 !re=e1 has royal blood & if p>5tage c\nts 9 grapes1 x %\ld prove valuable4 ,un=tunately ,new ,york1 at lea/ ! ,/ation v9ey>d1 is a little too f> nor? = ! fruit to mature well4 ,9 cold w9t]s ! v9e is liable to w9t] injury4 ,9 seasons :5 ! grapes h matur$ ! appe>ance & quality ( ! fruit h be5 su* z to recomm5d x4 ,its vigor ( v9e & productiv5ess give x additional value1 & if n to be recomm5d$ = comm]cial plant+s 9 ?is ,/ate1 x c surely be nam$ z valuable = bre$+ purposes4 ,! "n ( ! v>iety 0 be/[$ ^u x by its orig9ator 9 honor ( ,l4 ,h4 ,bailey1 kn[n by all grape-gr[]s = 8 s]vices to viticulture4 ,bailey 0 orig9at$ by ,munson f se$s ( a wild ,po/-oak grape call$ ,big ,b]ry1 f]tiliz$ ) poll5 ( ,triumph4 ,! se$ 0 plant$ 9 #ahhg & ! orig9al v9e came into fruit+ 9 #ahhi-ij4 ,! v>iety is n[ v g5]ally dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t ! ,ea/1 & ! reports ( its behavior1 9 ! ,nor? at lea/1 g5]ally accord ) t f ?is ,/ation giv5 above4 ,v9e vigor\s1 injur$ 9 sev]e w9t]s1 produces good crops ( fruit4 ,canes d>k r$di%-br[n1 ( good l5g?1 ( m$ium size & numb]4 ,leaves av]age 9 size1 light gre51 dull to slightly glossy1 ) v di/9ct ve9s on l[] surface :i* is cobwebby4 ,fl[]s op5 late1 f]tile2 upright /am5s4 ,fruit rip5s unev5ly almo/ z late z ,catawba1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s r l>ge & long1 n v broad1 (t5 blunt at ends1 cyl9drical to irregul>ly tap]+1 usually n %\ld]$ b sometimes ) a small1 %ort %\ld]1 compact4 ,b]ries p]si/5t1 m$ium to l>ge1 v>y 9 %ape f r\ndi% to ovate on acc\nt ( compactness ( clu/]s1 *ange 9 color f purpli%-black to black1 cov]$ ) a heavy blue bloom4 ,sk9 m$ium to ?91 /rongly a/r+5t1 t\gh1 adh]es some:at to ! pulp1 conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( purpli%-r$ pigm5t4 ,fle% mod]ately juicy & t5d]1 co>se1 v9\s1 good 9 quality1 releases ! se$s r easily4 ,se$s num]\s1 m$ium to above 9 size1 mod]ately broad1 above m$ium to m$ium l5g?1 blunt1 br[ni%2 raphe buri$ 9 a %all[1 n>r[ groove2 *alaza l>ge1 above c5t]1 circul> to oval1 di/9ct4 ,,bann]4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 ,b\rqu9iana87 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,yr4 ,bk41 #aijf3cfa4 col4 pl4 ,bann] is "o ( ! new] (f]+s = pomological honors4 ,! ,/ation 0 n able to secure v9es until #aijf & ^! h n yet fruit$4 ,s f> z is kn[n x is n gr[n else:]e 9 ! ,/ate4 ,s9ce ! v>iety has be5 well spok5 ( by horticulturi/s :o h se5 x1 & s9ce x has be5 deem$ wor?y a place among ! promis+ new fruits illu/rat$ & describ$ 9 ! ,ye> ,book ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture = #aijf1 ! v>iety is discuss$ "h4 ,! te*nical description ( x is quot$ f ! above ref]5ce4 ,! v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,joseph ,ba*man ( ,altus1 ,arkansas1 f se$ ( ,l9dley poll9at$ by ,delaw>e4 ,! se$ 0 plant$ 9 #ahih4 ,! orig9ator /ates t he suspects a ,/>k-,/> v9e gr[+ alongside also furni%$ poll5 z ! ,l9dley blossoms 7 unprotect$4 ,clu/] l>ge1 broad conical1 heavily %\ld]$1 v compact2 /em %ort2 b]ries globul>1 ( m$ium size1 adh]+ t5aci\sly to ! small gre5 p$uncles2 sk9 mod]ately ?ick1 & r t\gh2 amb] r$ & glossy1 b cov]$ ) a pr(use bloom2 fle% transluc5t1 juicy1 & r meaty2 se$s few1 v small1 br[n2 flavor refre%+ subacid to sweet & aromatic2 quality good to v good4 ,season late ,augu/ & e>ly ,septemb] 9 ,frankl9 c\nty1 ,arkansas1 t5 days or two weeks lat] ?an ,delaw>e4 ,,b>ry4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfd3acf4 #b4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfe3dj4 #c4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #cd3cde4 #ahfh4 #d4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #e3aa4 #ahfi4 fig4 #e4 ,horticulturi/1 #bd3abf4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfi3db4 #g4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3ahb1 #cbf4 #ahfi4 #h4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3gd4 fig4 #i4 ,mi*4 ,bd4 ,agr4 ,rpt41 #bd3acc4 #ahhe4 #aj4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3beb4 #ahic4 #aa4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #eb3fga4 #ahic4 #ab4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3aia4 #ahif4 #ac4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebf1 #edh1 #edi1 #eeb1 #eec4 #ahih4 #ad4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aadi1 #aaec4 #ahih4 #ae4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ah3cgj1 #cie4 #ahii4 ,,rog]s' ,,no4 #dc 7#a1 #b1 #c1 #d74 ,rog]s' ,no4 #dc 7#e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #aa1 #ab74 ,b>ry1 fir/ kn[n z ,rog]s' ,no4 #dc1 0 d$icat$ 9 #ahfi1 by ,rog]s1 to ,patrick ,b>ry1 di/+ui%$ nurs]yman1 pomologi/ & viticulturi/4 ,happily ! v>iety is su* t x %\ld long honor ! "n x be>s4 ,! ,b>ry is "o ( our be/ black grapes1 resembl+ 9 b]ry & some:at 9 flavor & keep+ quality its ,european p>5t1 ,black ,hamburg4 ,! flavor is delicate & sweet1 ! fle% t5d]1 ) ?9 sk9 & unobjectionable se$s4 ,! appe>ance ( b]ry & bun* is attractive4 ,! fruit keeps spl5didly1 & z ?is is writt51 on ! tw5ty-n9? ( ,febru>y1 leap-ye>1 !re are be=e ! writ] bun*es ( ! ,b>ry1 kept 9 common /orage )\t wrapp+ or o!r special c>e1 :i* are 9 p]fect condition4 ,! v9e is vigor\s1 h>dy1 & productive1 b susceptible to mildew4 ,! rip5+ season is usually said to be t ( ! ,concord b1 :ile x may color ) ! ,concord x requires a long] "t to rip5 ?or\ghly & x is n at its be/1 or ev5 good1 unless prop]ly matur$4 ,= ! table1 = w9t] keep+1 & = an amateur grape 9 g5]al ! ,b>ry may be highly recomm5d$4 ,= an acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ,b>ry see page #cij "u ,rog]s' ,hybrids4 ,x is fir/ m5tion$ sep>ately f ! re/ ( ,rog]s' hybrids 9 #ahfd1 ?\gh n nam$ until #ahfi4 ,b>ry 0 plac$ on ! li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahfi :]e x is /ill reta9$4 ,x is kn[n & gr[n 9 ! g>d5 ?r\gh\t ! grape regions ( ea/]n ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b>ry ,v9e vigor\s1 usually h>dy1 productive1 some:at susceptible to mildew4 ,canes long to v long1 num]\s1 usually ?ick1 d>k br[n to slightly r$di%-br[n cov]$ ) a small am\nt ( blue bloom2 nodes n enl>g$1 v slightly flatt5$2 int]nodes int]m$iate 9 l5g?2 diaphragm ( av]age ?ickness2 pi? m$ium to above 9 size2 %oots ne>ly glabr\s2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 fair l5g?1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds op5 e>ly1 ( av]age size1 %ort1 ( m$ium ?ickness1 obtuse to conical4 ,"y leaves heavily t+$ ) c>m9e on l[] surface1 fa9tly t+$ along m>g9 ( upp] surface1 prevail+ color bright c>m9e4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface light gre51 slightly glossy1 ne>ly smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 some:at pubesc5t2 ve9s r indi/9ct2 lobes v>y f none to ?ree1 t]m9us acute2 petiol> s9us deep1 n>r[1 sometimes clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us usually lack+2 lat]al s9us %all[ & n>r[2 tee? %all[ to m$ium1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s op5 9 mid-season1 /]ile2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,concord or lat]1 keeps v late4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 m$ium to %ort1 v broad1 slightly tap]+ to ne>ly cyl9drical1 upp] "p ( clu/] (t5 subdivides into sev]al p>ts mak+ comp\nd clu/]s1 frequ5tly d\ble-%\ld]$1 usually compact2 p$uncle %ort1 m$ium to r /\t2 p$icel above av]age l5g?1 mod]ately ?ick1 cov]$ ) few small w>ts1 enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t ) fruit4 ,b]ries l>ge1 oval to sph]ical1 d>k purpli%-black to black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 adh]e well to p$icel4 ,sk9 r ?91 t\gh1 adh]es /rongly to pulp1 conta9s b little pigm5t1 n v a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 t5d] :5 rip5$ "u favorable conditions1 /r+y1 v9\s1 pleasant-flavor$1 sweet next ! sk91 agreeably t>t at c5t]1 above av]age quality4 ,se$s slightly adh]5t1 "o to five1 av]age ?ree1 ne>ly l>ge to m$ium1 usually long1 ( mean bread?1 deeply not*$1 r blunt b (t5 ) slightly enl>g$ neck1 br[ni%2 raphe usually obscure1 sometimes %[+ z a fa9t ridge 9 a broad groove2 *alaza ne>ly small1 pe>-%ap$ or circul>1 above c5t]1 di/9ct4 ,,beacon4 7,l9cecumii1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ac3cab1 #cba4 #ahij4 #b4 ,an4 ,hort41 #ahib3agf4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aei4 #d4 ,husmann1 #ahie3abf4 #e4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ee3eib4 #ahif4 #f4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aadi1 #aaec4 #ahih4 fig4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebf1 #edh4 #ahih4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahii3bi4 #i4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3dh1 #gf4 #ahii4 #aj4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bge4 #aijj4 fig4 #aa4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3dj1 #ea1 #ec4 #aija4 fig4 ,,big ,b ,,con 7#g74 ,beacon is ano!r ( ,munson's hybrids1 a cross betwe5 ,labrusca & ,l9cecumii4 ,x 0 receiv$ at ?is ,/ation 9 #ahib & has borne fruit _m times s9ce s t !re has be5 abundant opportunity to see grapes & v9e4 ,! v>iety is n especially well adapt$ to ,new ,york z ! fruit is dull 9 color1 lack+ 9 quality1 & %ells some:at badly4 ,! v9e is v vigor\s1 be>+ a h&some1 compact mass ( foliage :i* reta9s its color & fre%ness ?r\gh\t dr\?s & ! heat ( summ]4 ,9 ,new ,york x mu/ compete ) ,concord 9 comm]cial v9ey>ds & s9ce x does n equal t v>iety1 tak+ its "* z a :ole1 x _c be recomm5d$ z a m>ket grape4 ,its quality & appe>ance are su* t x w nev] be l>gely gr[n by ! amateur 9 ! ,nor?4 ,! v>iety1 h[ev]1 is ( mu* int]e/ & ( possible value to ! grape-bre$]4 ,munson produc$ ,beacon 9 #ahhg f se$ ( ,big ,b]ry 7a v>iety ( ,l9cecumii7 poll9at$ by ,concord1 secur+ ! fir/ fruit 9 #ahhi4 ,! v>iety has be5 g5]ally dissem9at$ among grape speciali/s & exp]im5t /ations & is n[ well kn[n by grape-gr[]s 9 g5]al4 ,v9e a m$ium to v /rong gr[]1 n always h>dy1 productive4 ,canes %ort1 m$ium to r sl5d]1 light br[n4 ,leaves heal?y1 v>iable 9 size1 r ?ick1 incl9$ to d>k gre51 sometimes rugose1 ) ve9s %[+ indi/9ctly ?r\gh ! slight pubesc5ce ( ! l[] surface4 ,fl[]s op5 9 mid-season1 on plan ( five or six1 ne>ly f]tile4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,concord or lat] & keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s are attractive 9 g5]al appe>ance1 ( good size1 r long1 m$ium to slightly sl5d]1 cyl9drical to some:at tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 compact to m$ium4 ,b]ries m$ium b v>iable 9 size1 r\ndi%1 purpli%-black to black1 dull 9 appe>ance1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 incl9$ to %ell 9 "s localities1 mod]ately firm4 ,sk9 m$ium to ?91 t\gh1 adh]es /rongly to pulp1 conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( purpli%-r$ pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% mod]ately t5d]1 slightly aromatic1 spicy1 v9\s1 mildly subacid to agreeably t>t1 (t5 ) a noticeable ,concord flavor1 ab\t z good z ,concord 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 l>ge to above m$ium1 ( av]age l5g?1 broad1 blunt to m$ium1 slightly not*$2 raphe obscure2 *alaza above c5t]1 irregul>ly circul> to slightly oval4 ,,beauty4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 ,b\rqu9iana87 #a4 ,d[n+1 #ahha3afe app4 #b4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3afc4 #c4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3dc4 #d4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ad3he4 #ahij4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3hi4 #f4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aadi1 #aaec4 #ahih4 ,! grape :i* be>s ! "n ,beauty is an ,ae/ivalis hybrid ) ,labrusca1 "o ( ,jacob ,rommel's se$l+s4 ,x _h ! honor1 accord+ to ! ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1#afa ( receiv+ at ! ,exposition at ,bordeaux1 ,france1 9 #ahhj1 ! praise ( hav+ produc$ ! be/ ,am]ican :ite w9e on exhibition4 ,accord+ to ! above au?ority ,rommel /opp$ its propagation & dissem9ation because ( its susceptibility to fungi4 ,! v>iety is n[ practically lo/ to cultivation & 0 nev] l>gely gr[n 9 ,new ,york4 ,beauty is a cross betwe5 ,delaw>e & ,maxatawney orig9at$ by ,jacob ,rommel ( ,morrison1 ,miss\ri1 ov] ?irty ye>s ago4 ,bu% que/ions ! p>5tage z giv5 by ,rommel & ?9ks x m likely ,catawba & ,maxatawney4 ,rommel's ,beauty %\ld n be confus$ ) ! ,beauty ( ,m9nesota1 a grape f ! ,/ate = :i* x 0 nam$1 :i* has be5 disc>d$ because ( poor quality4 ,v9e fairly vigor\s1 usually heal?y & h>dy1 produces m$ium to good crops4 ,canes long to m$ium1 num]\s1 d>k r$di%-br[n (t5 ) a /rong a%y-gray t+e1 surface cov]$ ) slight blue bloom4 ,leaves m$ium to r l>ge1 d>k gre52 l[] surface cov]$ ) consid]able pubesc5ce4 ,/am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s betwe5 ,delaw>e & ,catawba1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s int]m$iate 9 size1 /rongly tap]+1 (t5 n %\ld]$1 r compact4 ,b]ries small to m$ium r\ndi% to slightly oval1 dull d>k r$ some:at d>k] ?an ,catawba1 cov]$ ) a l>ge am\nt ( d>k lilac bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,fle% t5d]1 slightly foxy1 sweet1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,*alaza v di/9ct4 ,,bell4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca1 ,b\rqu9iana1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #de3gcc4 #ahhf4 fig4 #b4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic3aah4 #c4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfc4 #ahic4 #d4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #cj3ajf4 #ahic4 #e4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bij4 #ahie4 #f4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3afh4 #ahif4 #g4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #gc3aha1 #ahb4 #ahig4 #h4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aadi1 #aaec4 #ahih4 #i4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3adb4 #ahih4 #aj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahii3ca4 #aa4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3dj1 #eb1 #ec4 #aija4 ,munson's ,no4 #ba 7#a1 #b1 #d74 ,,willie ,,bell 7#d1 #i74 ,bell is /ill ano!r ( ,munson's hybrids1 its p>5ts be+ ,elvira cross$ ) ,delaw>e4 ,its *>act]s are *iefly ^? ( ,elvira & 9 p>ticul> x has ! ,elvira flavor1 :i* is some:at aga9/ x = a table grape4 ,z to its value = w9e-mak+ !re are no records ?\gh x may be assum$ t x has ! same value = ?is purpose z ! ,elvira1 :i* x s greatly resembles 9 flavor4 ,f its behavior "h1 ?is ,/ation does n recomm5d ,bell = ,new ,york4 ,munson produc$ ,bell 9 #ahha f se$ ( ,elvira poll9at$ by ,delaw>e4 ,aft] hav+ te/$ x ?or\ghly ! orig9ator dissem9at$ x & cont9ues to (f] x 9 8 catalog2 pro( ( its value = "s ( ! grape regions4 ,v9e a /rong gr[]1 h>dy1 usually produces full crops al?\gh a %y be>] 9 "s localities4 ,leaves vigor\s1 heal?y1 m$ium to v l>ge4 ,fl[]s op5 be=e mid-season1 ne>ly f]tile2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s 9 mid-season or lat]1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s int]m$iate 9 size & l5g?1 frequ5tly %\ld]$1 compact to m$ium4 ,b]ries m$ium to small1 r\ndi%1 dull gre5 sometimes ) yell[ t+e1 cov]$ ) r heavy gray bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 ?91 v t5d]1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp4 ,fle% mod]ately juicy & t5d]1 sweeti% at sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 ranks ab\t ! same z ,elvira 9 quality4 ,,b]ckmans4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca1 ,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahga3aad4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahgg3dc4 #c4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bc3cjh4 #ahha4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ge4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahhi3bd4 #f4 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aj3h4 #ahij4 #g4 ,ark4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ci3bg4 #ahif4 #h4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ef3hbc4 #ahig4 #i4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebf1 #ede1 #edg1 #eec4 #ahih4 #aj4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aadi1 #aaec4 #ahih4 #aa4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3cg1 #dc1 #dd1 #df1 #dh4 #ahii4 #ab4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bde4 #aijb4 ,,delaw>e ,,& ,,cl9ton ,,no4 #a 7#a74 ,9 ,b]ckmans1 g5]ally speak+1 we h ! fruit ( ,delaw>e on ! v9e ( ,cl9ton4 ,b]ckmans 0 dissem9at$ ne>ly =ty ye>s ago & ?\gh ! fruit is seem+ly bett] adapt$ = ! m>ket ?an ,delaw>e1 & ! v9e mu* m vigor\s1 z h>dy & z productive z its bett] kn[n p>5t1 yet ! v>iety is seldom gr[n o!r ?an z an amateur grape4 ,! b]ry & bun* resemble ,delaw>e 9 %ape2 ! fruit is ( ! same color2 bun* & b]ry are l>g]1 b ! v9e is n q z productive2 ! fle% is firm]1 mak+ x a bett] %ipp] & x keeps bett]2 ! quality is n s good1 ! fle% lack+ t5d]ness1 sweetness & ri*ness 9 comp>ison ) ,delaw>e4 ,! v9e ( ,b]ckmans is mu* m vigor\s & is less subject to mildew ?an t ( ,delaw>e1 b !re are _m reports t x suff]s f leaf-hopp]s & ! rose bug1 insects :i* seem inord9ately fond ( its foliage4 ,! v9e *>act]s are n z good z ^? ( ,cl9ton4 ,! v>iety seems illy adapt$ to "s soils & 9 p>ticul> does n color well if n suit$ 9 ?is respect4 ,9 spite ( its _m good qualities1 popul> v]dict has decre$ t ,b]ckmans is b an amateur's grape4 ,! "n commemorates ! viticultural labors ( ,p4 ,j4 ,b]ckmans1 a contempor>y & fri5d ( ,dr4 ,a4 ,p4 ,wylie ( ,*e/]1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 :o orig9at$ ! v>iety & *ri/5$ x ,b]ckmans4 ,b]ckmans 0 produc$ by ,dr4 ,a4 ,p4 ,wylie#afb ( ,*e/]1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 f ,delaw>e se$ f]tiliz$ by ,cl9ton4 ,! se$ 0 plant$ 9 #ahfh & ! plant bore its fir/ fruit 9 #ahgj1 ! v>iety be+ introduc$ "s ye>s lat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b]ckmans ,v9e simil> to ,cl9ton 9 gr[? & foliage1 vigor\s to v vigor\s1 h>dy1 produces av]age to good crops4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 r sl5d]1 light to d>k br[n2 nodes prom95t1 flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort2 diaphragm bel[ m$ium ?ickness2 pi? m$ium to above 9 size2 %oots n pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 long1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds int]m$iate 9 size1 %ort1 ( av]age ?ickness1 conical to ne>ly obtuse1 op5 v e>ly4 ,"y leaves decid$ly pale gre5 ) fa9te/ trace ( c>m9e1 prevail+ color gre5 on bo? sides4 ,leaves m$ium to small1 ?92 upp] surface light gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 n pubesc5t2 ve9s inconspicu\s2 lobes v>y f none to ?ree1 t]m9al lobe acute2 petiol> s9us m$ium to %all[1 wide2 basal s9us usually lack+2 lat]al s9us %all[2 tee? int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?4 ,fl[]s op5 r e>ly1 f]tile2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,delaw>e & keeps unusually well4 ,clu/]s attractive1 mu* l ,delaw>e 9 %ape & size b slightly long] & m (t5 %\ld]$1 compact to m$ium1 av]ag+ slightly loos] ?an ei!r p>5t2 p$uncle r %ort1 sl5d]2 p$icel longi%1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) b few w>ts2 bru% %ort1 light gre54 ,b]ries int]m$iate 9 size1 slightly l>g] ?an ,delaw>e1 r\ndi% to slightly oval1 resemble ,delaw>e 9 color b some:at d>k] :5 well rip5$1 cov]$ ) lilac bloom1 p]si/5t1 ( av]age firmness4 ,sk9 ?91 some:at t\gh1 slightly adh]+ to pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 ne>ly a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale yell[i%-gre51 transluc5t1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 incl9$ to melt+1 v9\s1 sweet to agreeably t>t1 sprightly1 v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age ?ree1 slightly bel[ m$ium 9 size1 r broad & blunt1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( av]age size1 slightly above c5t]1 irregul>ly oval1 di/9ct4 ,,b]tr&4 7,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ag4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #de3fec1 #ffj4 #ahhf4 fig4 #c4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bh3cje4 #ahhf4 fig4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ij4 fig4 #e4 ,texas ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,feb4 #h1 #ahif3aa4 #f4 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3gh4 #aijj4 ,,blue ,,se$l+ 7#a1 #c74 ,blue ,se$l+ 7#d1 #e74 ,b]tr& is a s\!rn v>iety1 almo/ )\t "q an (fspr+ ( ,h]bemont1 & s f> z c be judg$ f ! descriptions ( o!rs1 we n hav+ se5 ! fruit1 n ne>ly equal to its p>5t4 ,! v>iety is h>dy only z f> nor? z ,m>yl& & ev5 9 t ,/ate mu/ be plant$ 9 %elt]$ situations4 ,judge ,j4 ,b4 ,jones1 ,h]ndon1 ,burke ,c\nty1 ,georgia1 f\nd ,b]tr& z an accid5tal se$l+1 :i* _h g]m9at$ 9 ! spr+ ( #ahgh4 ,judge ,jones gives ! species z be+ ,cordifolia b ,b]ckmans says x looks l an ,ae/ivalis2 x is n[ g5]ally class$ 9 ! ,b\rqu9iana gr\p4 ,! foll[+ description ( ?is v>iety is compil$ f v>i\s s\rces3 ,v9e vigor\s4 ,clu/] above m$ium to r l>ge1 usually conical1 mo/ (t5 %\ld]$1 mod]ately compact2 p$uncle long4 ,b]ries bel[ m$ium 9 size1 r\nd1 black ) blue bloom2 fle% melt+1 juicy1 v high flavor$4 ,sk9 ?91 t\gh4 ,rip5s late4 ,se$s few4 ,v productive 9 ! ,s\?4 ,( value only = w9e4 ,,black ,,defiance4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfh3aj4 7,no "n giv547 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ge4 #c4 ,okla4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ad3f4 #ahie4 #d4 ,husmann1 #ahie3ca4 #e4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3cg1 #dc1 #gf4 #ahii4 #f4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3da4 #aija4 ,und]hill's #h-h ,hybrid 7#b74 ,black ,defiance is "o ( ,/eph5 ,und]hill's ,v9if]a-,labrusca hybrids1 at "o "t q popul> z a late table grape1 b n[ sup]s$$ by ?rifti] v>ieties4 ,x rip5s too late to be ( mu* value 9 ,new ,york4 ,:5 phyllox]a _h driv5 ,fr5* grape-gr[]s to look to ,am]ica = v>ieties ( grapes1 & be=e graft+ on resi/ant /ocks 0 practic$ 9 t c\ntry1 ,black ,defiance 0 look$ ^u ) mu* favor 9 ,france :]e x succe$$ v well4 ,! fruit is di/+ui%$ by ! size1 lu/r\s blackness & h&some bloom ( ! b]ry4 ,x is n[ r>ely cultivat$ 9 ,new ,york hav+ be5 replac$ by v>ieties m c]ta9 to mature 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,/eph5 ,und]hill ( ,croton-on-,hudson1 ,new ,york1 produc$ ,black ,defiance f se$ ( ,concord f]tiliz$ by ,black ,pr9ce4 ,x fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahff4 ,! v>iety 0 introduc$ )\t ! orig9ator's cons5t4 ,black ,defiance is describ$ z foll[s3#afc ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,eagle ,gr[? m$ium1 %oots smoo?2 leaves l>ge1 m or less ?ree-lob$1 ) unev5 m>g92 bun*es l>ge1 oblong ) l>ge base1 frequ5tly bran*$2 b]ries black1 decid$ly acid1 pulp r firm1 ripe ,july #bbnd2 defoliat$ on ,octob] #f1 #ahif4 ,n good = table use4 ,,black ,,eagle4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfh3aj4 7,no "n giv547 #b4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge-f3bb4 #c4 ,ib41 #ahgf-g3cb4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ge4 fig4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ab3fah4 #ahic4 #f4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3afh4 #ahif4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebg1 #edh1 #eec1 #eei4 #ahih4 #h4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aadi1 #aaec4 #ahih4 #i4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3cg1 #db1 #dd1 #df1 #dh1 #gf4 #ahii4 #aj4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ah3cgj1 #chf1 #cif4 #ahii4 #aa4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bdj4 #aijb4 ,und]hill's #h-ab 7#d74 ,black ,eagle is a full bro!r ( ,black ,defiance :i* x mu* resembles b surpasses = ,new ,york because x is fully ?ree weeks e>li] 9 rip5+4 ,on our gr\nds its season is ab\t ) ,concord4 ,! quality ( ,black ,eagle is ( ! be/1 b ! v9e lacks 9 vigor1 h>d9ess & productiv5ess & ! fruit is susceptible to black-rot4 ,z ! color-plate %[s1 bun* & b]ry are l>ge & attractive2 bun*es weigh+ ne>ly two p\nds h be5 gr[n = exhibition purposes & probably !re are few if any %[i] hybrid grapes ?an ?is :5 at its be/4 ,! leaf is t ( ,vitis v9if]a1 deeply lob$1 ( a beautiful gre51 & ) firm texture1 mak+ ) ?rifty v9es "o ( ! mo/ attractive grape plants to be f\nd 9 our v9ey>ds4 ,! v>iety is self-/]ile4 ,black ,eagle has :olly fail$ z a comm]cial v>iety & its sev]al weaknesses w prev5t amateurs f gr[+ x l>gely1 yet x is f> too good a grape to give up altoge!r & lov]s ( grapes %\ld keep x 9 cultivation4 ,! v>iety orig9at$ ) ,/eph5 ,w4 ,und]hill1 ,croton-on-,hudson1 ,new ,york1 f se$ ( ,concord poll9at$ by ,black ,pr9ce4 ,x fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahff4 ,! v>iety 0 s5t out by ,und]hill = te/+ & 0 introduc$ )\t ! orig9ator's cons5t4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 n productive4 ,canes r r\gh1 m$ium to long1 ( av]age numb]1 ?ick1 approa*+ d>k r$di%-br[n1 cov]$ ) slight blue bloom2 nodes /rongly enl>g$1 slightly flatt5$2 int]nodes above m$ium l5g?2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? ( av]age size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 long1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds int]m$iate 9 size1 %ort1 r ?ick1 po9t$ to conical1 op5 v late4 ,"y leaves t+$ ) c>m9e on ! "u surface & along m>g9 ( upp] surface mak+ ! prevail+ color a light rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves ( av]age size1 m$ium to ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 slightly glossy1 smoo? to rugose2 l[] surface pale grayi%-gre51 some:at pubesc5t2 ve9s n di/9ct2 lobes five 9 numb]1 t]m9al lobe acute2 petiol> s9us deep to n>r[1 (t5 clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us v wide & deep2 lat]al s9us wide at bottom n>r[+ t[>ds top1 deep2 tee? int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?4 ,fl[]s op5 9 mid-season or lat]1 fully self-/]ile2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s 9 mid-season1 keeps well if pick$ be=e ov]ripe4 ,clu/]s ( l>ge to av]age size1 r long1 tap]+1 v>y+ f s+le-to d\ble-%\ld]$1 loose to compact2 p$uncle longi%1 r ?ick2 p$icel long to m$ium1 some:at sl5d]1 cov]$ ) v few w>ts1 enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% %ort1 pale gre54 ,b]ries v>iable 9 size av]ag+ l>ge1 slightly oval1 black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) a mod]ate am\nt ( blue bloom1 d n %att]1 some:at s(t4 ,sk9 ?91 r t5d]1 adh]es /rongly to pulp1 ) slight am\nt ( w9e-color$ pigm5t1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 some:at t5d]1 v9\s1 n foxy1 sweet at sk9 to agreeably t>t at c5t]1 quality good4 ,se$s sep>ate easily1 "o to f\r1 av]age two or ?ree1 r l>ge & broad1 ne>ly long4 ,,black ,,hamburg4 7,v9if]a47 #a4 ,spee*ly1 #agia3aa1agi4 #b4 ,london ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahcj3ge4 #c4 ,ho>e1 #ahdj3adb4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #i3bde4 #ahdc4 #e4 ,ib41 #ac3dc4 #ahdg4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #aheb3ed4 7,= culture "u glass47 #g4 ,horticulturi/1 #ae3abe4 #ahfj4 #h4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bf3aaj4 #ahfj4 #i4 ,c4 ,hort41 #aa3ei4 #ahhh4 ,admiral 7#d74 ,black ,gibralt] 7#d74 ,black ,hamburgh 7#b74 ,black ,portugal ( "s 7#d74 ,black ,t5]iffe 7#d74 ,blue ,troll+] 7#d74 ,bocksaug5 7#d74 ,bomm]] 7#d74 ,br[n ,hamburgh 7#d74 ,dut* ,hamburgh 7#d74 ,flei% ,traube 7#d74 ,frak5?al] 7#d74 ,frank5dale 7#d74 ,frank5?al] gros noir 7#d74 ,gelbholzig] ,troll+] 7#d74 ,gibralt] 7#d74 ,hampton ,c\rt ,v9e 7#d1 #h74 ,hudl] 7#d74 ,langu$oc 7#d74 ,lugiana n]a 7#d74 ,malvasi] ( "s 7#d74 ,mohr5dutte 7#d74 ,pale ,wood$ ,troll+] 7#d74 ,purple ,hamburgh 7#d74 ,r$ ,hamburgh 7#d1 ( "s #b74 ,ri*mond ,villa ,hamburgh 7#h74 ,salisbury ,violet 7#d74 ,s*w>zeblau] ,troll+] 7#d74 ,s*w>z] ,gut$el ( "s 7#d74 ,s*w>zwels*] 7#d74 ,troll] 7#d74 ,troll+] 7#d74 ,val5t9es 7#d74 ,victoria 7#d74 ,w>n]'s 7#b1 #d74 ,,w>n]',s ,,black ,,hamburgh 7#b74 ,w>n]'s ,black ,hamburgh 7#d74 ,w>n]'s ,hamburgh 7#h74 ,weis%olzig] ,troll+] 7#d74 ,wels*] 7#d74 ,illu/ration3 ,,black ,,hamburg 7,r$uc$ ,size7 ,black ,hamburg is a v>iety ( ,vitis v9if]a1 impossible to gr[ out ( doors 9 ea/]n ,am]ica1 b illu/rat$ & describ$ "h because x is "o ( ! p>5ts ( _m hybrids ) ,am]ican species & because x repres5ts1 9 fruit *>act]s at lea/1 ab\t all t is desirable 9 a good grape4 ,s9ce x is a /&>d ( excell5ce :i* ,am]ican bre$]s ( table grapes h long s\ght to atta91 we may "n its po9ts ( sup]iority ov] ! table grapes n[ gr[n 9 our v9ey>ds4 #a/4 ,bun* & b]ry are l>ge1 well =m$1 & uni=m4 #bnd4 ,! fruits h a high] sug> & solid cont5t ?an mo/ ,am]ican grapes & keep bett]1 %ip bett]1 make bett] w9e & w make rais9s4 #c;d4 ,! flavor1 to mo/ palates1 is ri*]1 m delicate1 & lacks ! acidity ( "s ,am]ican grapes & ! fox9ess ( o!rs4 #d?4 ,! pulp & sk9 ( ,black ,hamburg are m t5d] ?an ! v>ieties ( ! species ( ?is c\ntry & ! se$s are readily sep>at$ f ! pulp4 #e?4 ,! b]ries d n %ell f ! /em readily4 #f?4 ,! v9es are m compact 9 habit1 make a %ort] & /\t] annual gr[?1 & h5ce require less prun+ & tra9+4 #g?4 ,! fruit is borne 9 great] quantity1 v9e = v9e or acre = acre4 ,add$ to ! above qualities :i* make x desirable z a p>5t :5 crosses are made betwe5 ! grapes ( ?is c\ntry & ,vitis v9if]a1 are comp>ative h>d9ess among its k9d1 a %ort seasonal cycle ( vegetation giv+ e>ly maturity to fruit1 ability to /& m h>d%ips ?an mo/ ( its species1 & especially ability to mature its fruit ) z small am\nt ( sol> heat z any ( its species4 ,its weaknesses :5 plant$ out ( doors 9 ea/]n ,am]ica are ^? ( its species1 :i* :olly prev5t its successful cultivation 9 ! v9ey>ds ( ?is region & make x ( int]e/ & value only 9 bre$+ & z an ideal t[>d :i* to bre$4 ,! orig9 ( ,black ,hamburg is app>5tly unkn[n4 ,x 0 s5t f ,hamburg1 ,g]many1 to ,engl& sometime 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury & x 0 9 ! latt] c\ntry t x 0 giv5 ! sev]al v>iations ( ! "n ,hamburg4 ,9 ! nor? ( ,europe x is kn[n z ,frank5dale or ,frank5?al4 ,black ,hamburg is gr[n 9 ,europe *iefly z a =c+ grape4 ,x is d\btful if all ! synonyms ref] to "o se$ v>iety1 b if n ! same1 !y are s simil> z to be difficult if n impossible to di/+ui% f ea* o!r4 ,v9e vigor\s1 t5d]1 productive4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 r ?ick to m$ium1 light br[n b d>k] at nodes1 cov]$ ) fa9t pubesc5ce2 nodes enl>g$1 slightly flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort to m$ium2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? l>ge2 %oots slightly pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 frequ5tly sev]al nodes ) no t5drils1 long1 bifid to trifid1 dehisce e>ly4 ,leaf-buds l>ge to m$ium1 r long1 some:at ?ick1 conical to obtuse4 ,leaves good size1 ?92 upp] surface light gre51 r dull1 ( av]age smoo?ness2 l[] surface slightly light] ?an upp] surface1 ) small am\nt ( pubesc5ce1 hairy2 ve9s mod]ately di/9ct2 lobes v>y f none to five1 t]m9al lobe ne>ly acute2 petiol> s9us (t5 /rongly urn-%ap$1 ( av]age dep?1 ne>ly n>r[1 sometimes clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us %all[ to n>r[2 lat]al s9us r deep to n>r[1 (t5 not*$2 tee? v irregul> 9 dep? & wid?4 ,fruit rip5s e>ly 9 ,octob]1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s l>ge1 long to m$ium1 r broad1 cyl9drical to tap]+1 incl9$ to irregul>1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 ne>ly compact2 p$uncle m$ium to %ort1 some:at ?ick2 p$icel long1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) small1 num]\s1 prom95t w>ts2 bru% %ort1 ?ick1 t+$ ) r$4 ,b]ries r l>ge1 oval to ne>ly r\ndi%1 d>k purple to ne>ly black1 slightly glossy1 cov]$ ) fa9t blue or lilac bloom1 d n drop f p$icel1 mod]ate 9 firmness4 ,sk9 ?91 t5d]1 adh]es to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 v9\s1 sprightly1 r sweet & refre%+1 v good to be/4 ,se$s sep>ate easily1 "o to f\r av]ag+ two or ?ree1 above m$ium size1 long1 r n>r[1 %>ply po9t$1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza int]m$iate 9 size1 decid$ly above c5t]1 di/9ct1 circul> to oval4 ,,black ,,hawk4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfe3aig4 #b4 ,full]1 #ahfg3bcf4 #c4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #i3adg1 #bad4 #ahfg4 #d4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfh3age4 #e4 ,d[n+1 #ahfi3eca4 #f4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3ad1 #ae4 #ahfi4 #g4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgh3dhb4 #h4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ge4 #i4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3cg1 #db1 #dd1 #df4 #ahii4 ,mill]'s ,no4 #d 7#a1 #f74 ,black ,hawk is a se$l+ ( ,concord :i* x greatly resembles b all 9 all does n ne>ly equal4 ,x is *iefly rem>kable because ( its v d>k gre5 foliage :i* at a little di/ance seems almo/ black4 ,x is r>ely or almo/ nev] cultivat$ 9 ,new ,york4 ,samuel ,mill] ( ,calmdale1 ,lebanon ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 9 ! fifties produc$ ,black ,hawk f ,concord se$ s5t to him by ,e4 ,w4 ,bull4 ,! /ock 0 b\ght & ! v>iety introduc$ by a ,mr4 ,knox ( ,pittsburg4 ,! foll[+ description 0 compil$ f v>i\s s\rces3 ,v9e h>dy1 resembles ,concord except = foliage be+ mu* d>k]4 ,bun* m$ium to sometimes l>ge2 b]ry m$ium to above1 ne>ly r\nd1 black1 ( t5d] fle% b h>dly good 9 quality2 sometimes %att]s4 ,rip5s ) ,concord or slightly be=e4 ,self-/]ile4 ,r late 9 bloom+4 ,,black ,,imp]ial4 7,labrusca1 ,b\rqu9iana1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahia3abg4 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ic4 #c4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3da4 #aija4 ,black ,imp]ial is "o ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,/ayman's grapes4 ,x has high quality & is h&some 9 appe>ance b is s susceptible to fungi z to be almo/ wor?less & has n[ pass$ f cultivation4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,/ayman ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 produc$ ,black ,imp]ial f se$ ( ,dut*ess "s "t 9 ! eighties4 ,! v>iety 0 fir/ call$ ,black's ,imp]ial4 ,!re 0 ano!r v>iety prec$+ ?is :i* is m5tion$ by ,pr9ce#afd & ,full]#afe 9 ! sixties by ! "n ( ,black ,imp]ial4 ,! foll[+ description is tak5 l>gely f t ( ! orig9ator3 ,v9e usually mod]ately vigor\s & productive4 ,clu/] l>ge1 %\ld]$1 compact4 ,b]ries ( m$ium size1 black1 t5d]1 juicy2 flavor sweet1 v9\s2 quality good to v good4 ,fl[]s self-f]tile4 ,q subject to mildew & black-rot4 ,,black ,,pe>l4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca87 #a4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge3dei4 #b4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgf-g3ij4 #c4 ,ib41 #ahhb-c3di4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ge4 #e4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhd3bae4 #f4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3cg1 #dc1 #de1 #df4 #ahii4 ,,s*raidt',s ,,se$l+ 7#a1 #b74 ,s*raidt's ,se$l+ 7#c1 #d74 ,viticulturi/s agree t ,black ,pe>l is b an improv$ ,cl9ton1 not)/&+ ! orig9ator's /atem5t t x came f se$ ( ,delaw>e4 ,un=tunately ! v9e is n 9 ! ,/ation v9ey>d & our e/imate ( its v9e *>act]s is tak5 f ! descriptions ( o!rs4 ,accord+ to ! ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1#aff ,! v9e is a vigor\s heal?y gr[] simil> 9 appe>ance ( gr[? & foliage to ,elvira & ,noah4 ,! bun*es & b]ries1 z !y h be5 s5t to ?is ,/ation1 are l>g] ?an ,cl9ton & ( bett] quality ?\gh ( small value z a table fruit4 ,x seems well agre$ among w9e-mak]s t ,black ,pe>l makes an exceptionally good r$ w9e equall+ or surpass+ any o!r ( our nor!rn v>ieties = ?is purpose4 ,)\t d\bt1 f ! _m te/imonials z to its value = w9e-mak+1 x c be highly recomm5d$ = ?is purpose & z a good />t+ po9t f :i* to bre$ w9e grapes4 ,s f>1 ?\gh gr[n = m ?an ?irty ye>s1 its culture is conf9$ to ! isl&s 9 ,lake ,erie devot$ to grape-gr[+ & ! v>iety c h>dly be said to be kn[n 9 ,new ,york4 ,x is probably too late = mo/ p>ts ( ,new ,york z x rip5s ) ,catawba4 ,black ,pe>l 0 orig9at$ by ,casp] ,s*raidt ( ,put-9-bay1 ,ohio1 ov] ?irty ye>s ago4 ,! orig9ator /ates t x is a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e b ?is has g5]ally be5 discr$it$1 z ! v9e is evid5tly ( ! ,rip>ia type4 ,bu% says x is probably a se$l+ ( ,cl9ton or ,taylor4 ,v9e a /rong gr[]1 does n w9t]-kill1 usually a good yield]1 susceptible to attacks ( mildew4 ,canes are long1 num]\s1 & ( av]age ?ickness4 ,leaves are int]m$iate 9 size4 ,fl[]s op5 9 mid-season or be=e1 /]ile or ne>ly s2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,catawba1 keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s small to m$ium1 l>g] ?an ,cl9ton1 m$ium to r sl5d]1 tap]+ to cyl9drical1 (t5 s+le-%\ld]$1 int]m$iate to compact4 ,b]ries bel[ m$ium to v small1 r\ndi%1 oblate or frequ5tly compress$ on acc\nt ( compactness ( clu/]1 black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) a mod]ate am\nt ( blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ?91 t5d]1 adh]es /rongly to ! pulp1 conta9s an unusually l>ge am\nt ( purpli%-r$ pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% mod]ately juicy1 usually ) a decid$ r$ t+e1 ne>ly t5d]1 slightly spicy1 t>t1 m$ium to bel[ 9 flavor & quality4 ,se$s1 :i* adh]e b little to ! pulp1 are m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 %ort to m$ium1 broad1 slightly not*$1 blunt1 d>k br[n2 raphe obscure2 *alaza c5tral1 oval to circul>1 di/9ct4 ,,brant4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,d[n+1 #ahfi3ecb4 #b4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #f3ia4 #ahfi4 fig4 #c4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3eec4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3gg4 fig4 #e4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dd3aai4 #ahic4 #f4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aadi1 #aaed4 #ahih4 ,arnold's ,no4 #h4 7#a1 #b1 #d74 ,brant & ,canada are full bro!rs & s ne> alike t ! two are (t5 conf\nd$ ) ea* o!r4 ,nei!r has ev] become popul> 9 ,nor? ,am]ica because ( _! susceptibility to fungi4 ,z ,rip>ia & ,v9if]a hybrids1 ! be/ ( ,arnold's se$l+s f crosses ( ^! two species1 !y are ( int]e/ & ( possible value 9 grape-bre$+4 ,s9ce ,brant & ,canada are s ne>ly alike a discussion ( "o w suffice = bo? & ?is is res]v$ = ,canada1 ! bett] kn[n & m valuable ( ! two v>ieties4 ,*>les ,arnold ( ,p>is1 ,canada1 produc$ ?is v>iety sometime 9 ! sixties4 ,x is a se$l+ ( ,cl9ton poll9at$ by ,black ,/4 ,pet]s4 ,! foll[+ description ( x is tak5 f ,d[n+'s ,fruits & ,fruit-,trees ( ,am]ica3#afg ,v9e /rong1 heal?y gr[]4 ,foliage ( a d>k r$di% gre51 deeply lob$4 ,smoo? on bo? sides4 ,bun* & b]ry m$ium1 black4 ,fle% free f pulp1 v juicy1 sweet1 &1 :5 p]fectly ripe1 ri* & aromatic4 ,rip5s e>ly4 ,,brighton4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3edh4 #b4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #af3cdd4 #ahgd4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahha3bd4 #d4 ,d[n+1 #ahha3afe app4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3gh4 fig4 #f4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #de3fbb4 #ahhf4 #g4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3beh4 #ahic4 #h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebg1 #edj1 #edc1 #ede1 #edf1 #edh1 #edi1 #eeb1 #eec1 #eei4 #ahih4 #i4 ,ib41 #ah3cfg1 #cga1 #chf1 #cif4 #ahii4 #aj4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3cg1 #db1 #dd1 #de1 #dh1 #ed4 #ahii4 #aa4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3afd4 #ahii4 #ab4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahii3ia4 #ac4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijj3cfd4 #ad4 ,c4 ,hort41 #bg3cde1 #cib4 #aijd4 ,trask 7#ab74 ,brighton is "o ( ! few ,labrusca-,v9if]a hybrids :i* h atta9$ prom95ce 9 comm]cial v9ey>ds4 ,x has ! di/9ction1 too1 ( be+ "o ( ! fir/1 if n ! fir/1 second>y or att5uat$ hybrid ( ,labrusca ) ,v9if]a1 i4 e41 ! (fspr+ ( a hybrid cross$ ) "o ( ! orig9al p>5ts or ) a v>iety ( ! same species4 ,! p>5ts ( ,brighton 7 ,diana ,hamburg1 a hybrid ( ,v9if]a cross$ ) ,labrusca1 & ,concord1 a pure-br$ ,labrusca4 ,z we h se51 ! fir/ or prim>y hybrids ( ,v9if]a ) ,labrusca h giv5 grapes ( high quality1 b lack+ 9 vigor1 9 resi/ance to fungi & phyllox]a1 & = mo/ "p inf]tile 9 bloom4 ,! second>y hybrids h n %[n ! weaknesses ( ! prim>y hybrids 9 ne>ly s m>k$ a degree b h giv51 9 _m in/ances1 z 9 ,brighton1 ,diamond & probably ,delaw>e1 v>ieties ( ne>ly z high quality4 ,x is n[ g5]ally recogniz$ by viticulturi/s t ! second>y hybrids ) ,v9if]a promise mu* m ?an d ! prim>y ones & x is no mean di/9ction t ,brighton has ( be+ ! fir/ second>y hybrid br\ght ab\t by ! h& ( man4 ,brighton ranks z "o ( ! lead+ amateur grapes 9 ,new ,york & is among ! t5 or twelve *ief comm]cial sorts ( ! ,/ate4 ,its good po9ts are3 ,high quality1 h&some appe>ance1 c]ta9ty ( rip5+1 be+ e>li] ?an ,concord1 vigor\s gr[?1 productiv5ess1 adaptability to v>i\s soils1 &1 = a hybrid1 ability to )/& fungi4 ,x is ?us se5 t ! infusion ( =eign blood has giv5 ! fruit ( ,brighton "s ( ! excell5cies ( ,vitis v9if]a :ile ! prepond]ance ( ,vitis labrusca blood has pres]v$ ! vigor & h>d9ess ( ! native species4 ,brighton has two s]i\s defects :i* no d\bt h kept x f tak+ high] rank z a comm]cial v>iety3 ,x det]iorates 9 quality v quickly aft] maturity s t x _c be kept = m ?an a few days at its be/1 h5ce _c be well %ipp$ to di/ant m>kets2 & x is self-/]ile to a m m>k$ degree ?an any o!r ( our commonly gr[n grapes4 ,to h x at its be/ ! fruit %\ld be ?9n$4 ,?is grape is a signal example ( a v>iety result+ f c>eful & skilful "w 9 grape-bre$+4 ,its orig9ator1 ,jacob ,moore1#afh possess$ ( a high degree ( intellig5ce & an unusually ke5 s5se ( ! lat5t possibilities 9 plants1 ) unwe>i$ p]sev]ance sp5t ye>s 9 ! attempt to produce grapes comb9+ ! good *>act]s ( ! ,old & ! ,new ,_w grapes4 ,z a result ( 8 zeal & pati5ce we h ,brighton & ,diamond1 ! mo/ valuable grapes ( _! class4 ,jacob ,moore's demon/ration ( ! value ( ! second>y hybrid1 & ^! two grapes1 mu/ s]ve to commemorate a life sp5t 9 self d5ial1 impos$ pov]ty & comp>ative obscurity t horticulture might be enri*$4 ,brighton is a se$l+ ( ,diana ,hamburg poll9at$ by ,concord1 rais$ by ! late ,jacob ,moore at ,brighton1 ,new ,york4 ,! orig9al v9e fruit$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahgj & fruit 0 fir/ exhibit$ at ! meet+ ( ! ,new ,york ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahgb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,brighton ,v9e vigor\s & h>dy1 produc+ av]age to good crops1 (t5 subject to mildew4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 ?ick1 r light br[n2 nodes slightly enl>g$1 usually flatt5$2 int]nodes long to m$ium2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? ne>ly l>ge2 %oots glabr\s1 slightly pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 long1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds ( av]age size1 %ort1 /\t1 conical to po9t$1 sometimes slightly compress$1 op5 mod]ately e>ly4 ,"y leaves lightly t+$ ) rose-c>m9e on l[] surface1 /rongly t+$ along m>g9 ( upp] surface4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 dull1 mod]ately smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 slightly pubesc5t2 ve9s n di/9ct2 lobes ?ree :5 pres5t1 t]m9al lobe acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us ne>ly int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?2 lat]al s9us %all[ to m$ium 9 dep? & wid?2 tee? ( av]age dep?1 n>r[4 ,fl[]s op5 some:at late1 sometimes on plan ( six1 /]ile2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s some:at unev5ly ab\t mid-season1 keeps fairly well = a %ort "t b det]iorates rapidly aft] rip5+4 ,clu/]s v l>ge to m$ium1 usually long1 broadi%1 tap]+1 (t5 heavily %\ld]$1 loose to compact2 p$uncle q long2 p$icel ( av]age l5g?1 some:at ?ick1 cov]$ ) few indi/9ct w>ts1 broad at po9t ( atta*m5t to b]ry2 bru% pale gre5 ) br[n t+e1 ?ick1 %ort4 ,b]ries irregul>1 m$ium to r l>ge 9 size1 r\ndi% to slightly oval1 light & d>k r$1 some:at glossy1 cov]$ ) d>k lilac bloom1 h&some1 p]si/5t1 n firm4 ,sk9 ?icki%1 v t5d]1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 r transp>5t1 t5d]1 slightly /r+y1 melt+1 aromatic1 v9\s1 sweet or agreeably t>t to c5t] ( b]ry1 v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily1 numb] "o to five1 av]age ?ree or f\r1 above mean size1 r broad & %>ply po9t$1 light br[n ) yell[ t+e2 raphe %[s z a n>r[ obscure groove2 *alaza l>ge1 above c5t]1 irregul>ly circul>1 di/9ct4 ,,brilliant4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 ,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,an4 ,hort41 #ahhi3aja4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #di3fjb4 #ahij4 fig4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahia3aea1 #aei4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahia3cb4 #e4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3afb4 #ahia4 #f4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bei4 #ahic4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ab3fah4 #ahic4 #h4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3if4 fig4 #i4 ,husmann1 #ahie3abd4 #aj4 ,c4 ,hort41 #ah3c1 #d1 #eh4 #ahie4 fig4 #aa4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bij4 #ahie4 #ab4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3agj1 #aga1 fig41 #aie4 #ahif4 #ac4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #gc3ahc4 #ahig4 #ad4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #eh3bb4 #ahii4 #ae4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3dc1 #dh4 #ahii4 #af4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ah3cif4 #ahii4 #ag4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bge4 #aijj4 ,9 ,brilliant1 "o ( ,munson's grapes1 f ,l9dley cross$ ) ,delaw>e1 we h a f9e r$ grape 9 :i* ! *>act]s ( ! two p>5ts are s ne>ly equally comb9$ t x _c be said :i* x mo/ resembles4 ,9 clu/] & size ( b]ry1 ,brilliant resembles ,l9dley2 9 color & quality ( fruit x is ab\t ! same z ,delaw>e1 diff]+ f x *iefly 9 hav+ m a/r+5cy 9 ! sk9 & !re=e n q equal to ,delaw>e z a table grape4 ,! v9e is /rong & h>dy2 season ab\t ) ,delaw>e4 ,brilliant does n crack or %ell & !re=e %ips well1 & has v good keep+ qualities1 especially on ! v9e1 :]e x w (t5 hang = weeks4 ,! defects :i* h kept x f becom+ "o ( ! /&>d comm]cial sorts 9 ,new ,york are3 ,m>k$ susceptibility to fungi b n m susceptible ?an ,delaw>e2 v>iable 9 size ( clu/]2 unev5 9 rip5+2 & lack ( productiv5ess4 ,brilliant is well kn[n by amateur grape-gr[]s 9 ,new ,york & is gr[n some:at = ! m>ket4 ,all 9 all x is probably ! be/ kn[n & mo/ widely gr[n ( ,munson's v>ieties 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,9 favorable situations1 ?is v>iety may always be expect$ to please ! amateur1 & ! comm]cial gr[] w (t5 f9d x a pr(itable sort4 ,! se$ :i* produc$ ,brilliant 0 plant$ by ,munson 9 #ahhc & ! v>iety 0 introduc$ by him 9 #ahhg4 ,x has be5 widely te/$ by exp]im5t]s & grape-gr[]s & is highly spok5 (1 :e!r 9 ! ,ea/1 ,we/1 ,nor? or ,s\?4 ,v9e v>iable 9 gr[? av]ag+ vigor\s1 usually h>dy1 n always productive4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 ?ick1 d>ki%-br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 usually flatt5$2 int]nodes long to m$ium2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? l>ge1 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 long1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds some:at l>ge1 %ort1 ?ick1 obtuse to conical1 op5 late4 ,"y leaves heavily t+$ on bo? sides ) mahogany-r$ *ang+ to light c>m9e4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 dull1 rugose2 l[] surface grayi%-gre51 d[ny2 ve9s well def9$2 entire or obscurely ?ree-lob$ ) t]m9al lobe blunt to acute2 petiol> s9us deep1 n>r[1 ,v-%ap$2 basal & lat]al s9uses obscure & %all[ :5 pres5t2 tee? int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?4 ,fl[]s op5 m$ium late1 f]tile2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s unev5ly1 9 season ab\t ) ,delaw>e1 keeps a long "t4 ,clu/]s av]age l>g] ?an ,delaw>e1 int]m$iate 9 l5g? & bread?1 (t5 blunt1 cyl9drical to some:at conical1 usually slightly %\ld]$1 m$ium to compact2 p$uncle r ?ick2 p$icel m$ium to %ort1 ?ick1 cov]$ ) few small w>ts1 wide at po9t ( atta*m5t to b]ry2 bru% %ort1 ?ick1 pale gre5 ) r$di%-br[n t+e4 ,b]ries av]age l>g] ?an ,delaw>e1 r\ndi% to v slightly oval1 attractive d>k r$1 n s brilliant z ,delaw>e b m s ?an ,brighton1 r glossy1 cov]$ ) abundant lilac bloom1 adh]e /rongly to p$icel1 firm4 ,sk9 r ?9 & t\gh1 adh]es consid]ably to pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 r transp>5t1 juicy1 slightly /r+y1 incl9$ to t5d]ness :5 fully ripe1 f9e-gra9$1 v9\s1 sweeti% at sk9 b t>t next ! se$s1 good b n equal to ,delaw>e4 ,se$s cl+ some:at to pulp1 "o to f\r 9 numb]1 av]age ?ree1 r l>ge & broad1 slightly elongat$1 plump1 light br[n2 raphe obscure2 *alaza l>ge1 slightly above c5t]1 irregul>ly circul> to slightly oval1 di/9ct4 ,illu/ration3 ,,brilliant ,,br[n4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ab3fai4 #ahic4 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3if4 #c4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ad3bgg4 #ahie4 #d4 ,ib41 #ag3ebg1 #edh1 #eed4 #ahih4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahii3ij4 #f4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ei3gbb4 #aijj4 #g4 ,ib41 #fe3iad4 #aijf4 #h4 ,ib41 #fe3icg4 #aijf4 #i4 ,ib41 #ff3bd4 #aijg4 ,,br[n',s ,,e>ly 7#g1 #i74 ,,br[n ,,se$l+ 7#e1 #f1 #h74 ,wm4 ,b4 ,br[n ( ,newburgh gives ! hi/ory ( ! grape be>+ 8 "n z foll[s3#afi ,br[n's se$l+ came up 9 my y>d at ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 ab\t fifte5 ye>s ago ?is /atem5t 0 made 9 #ahii ne> an ,isabella v9e4 ,!re 0 n & nev] _h be5 any o!r v9e 9 ! y>d at t "t4 ,! /atem5t is fur!r made t ,*>les ,d[n+ exam9$ ! v9e sev]al times & said !re 0 no d\bt b t x 0 a se$l+ ( ! ,isabella4 ,br[n 0 exhibit$ at ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,fair 9 #ahib & 0 giv5 a fir/ prize4 ,x 0 aga9 exhibit$ at ! ,_w's ,columbian ,exposition 9 #ahic & 0 aw>d$ a diploma & honorable m5tion4 ,! orig9ator /ates t ! v>iety has be5 exhibit$ 9 at lea/ tw5ty-five fairs & has always receiv$ fir/ prize4 ,s9ce #ahib ,br[n has be5 sev]al times describ$ ) favorable m5tion 9 ! horticultural press4 ,?is v>iety 0 di/ribut$ 9 #aijg to ! subscrib]s ( ! ,rural ,new ,york] z ,br[n's ,e>ly4 ,9 spite ( ! encomiums ( fairs & newspap]s dur+ ! pa/ fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s1 ,br[n has n receiv$ favorable recognition f ! grape-gr[]s ( ,new ,york4 ,z ! v>iety gr[s on ! ,/ation gr\nds ! quality is only good1 n high1 & ! b]ries %att] badly4 ,v9e vigor\s to m$ium1 h>dy1 v productive4 ,canes m$ium to %ort1 int]m$iate 9 numb]1 m$ium to sl5d]1 mod]ately d>k br[n4 ,leaves ( av]age size & ?ickness1 heal?y1 r light gre51 slightly glossy2 ve9s well def9$1 di/9ctly %[+ ?r\gh ! ?ick bronze pubesc5ce ( ! l[] surface4 ,fl[]s op5 m$ium e>ly1 ne>ly f]tile2 /am5s upright4 ,t5drils cont9u\s2 diaphragm bel[ m$ium to ?94 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,h>t=d or a little e>li]1 appe>s to keep fairly well1 incl9$ to %att]4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 av]ag+ m$ium to small1 ( mean l5g?1 sl5d] to m$ium1 cyl9drical to slightly tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 loose to m$ium 9 compactness4 ,b]ries int]m$iate 9 size1 r\ndi% to slightly oval1 black1 cov]$ ) r ?ick blue bloom1 incl9$ to %att] f clu/] soon aft] rip5+1 ( av]age firmness4 ,sk9 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness & t\ghness1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s a small am\nt ( w9e-color$ pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% juicy1 r t\gh1 f9e-gra9$1 foxy1 mild next ! sk9 to slightly t>t at c5t]1 good 9 quality b n equal to ! be/ v>ieties4 ,se$s int]m$iate 9 size1 m$ium to %ort1 r blunt1 light br[n2 raphe buri$ 9 a %all[ groove2 *alaza small1 c5tral to slightly above c5t]1 circul>1 mod]ately di/9ct4 ,,campbell ,,e>ly4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahib-c3dh4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #eb3hbi4 #ahic4 fig4 #c4 ,ib41 #ec3fff4 #ahid4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ih4 fig4 7,frontispiece74 #e4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ee3dai1 #feh4 #ahif4 fig4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahig3aa1 #dh4 #g4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #eg3ahb1 #fdb4 #ahih4 #h4 ,ib41 #eh3edf1 #ghf4 #ahii4 #i4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,sp4 ,bul41 #bg3i4 #aijd4 ,,campbell 7#i74 ,probably no ,am]ican grape has ev] be5 m favorably receiv$ ?an ,campbell ,e>ly1 or aft] introduction has be5 dissem9at$ m rapidly4 ,! fact t x came f a grape-bre$] :o _h already giv5 viticulture sev]al valuable v>ieties1 ) ! /atem5t t ?is 0 ! result ( ye>s ( exp]im5t+ & ! greate/ triumph ( a life devot$ to improv+ grapes1 gave w>rant = ! en?usiasm ) :i* x 0 receiv$4 ,nor did fir/ impressions belie ! (t-made /atem5t t ,campbell ,e>ly repres5t$ a ph5om5al advancem5t 9 grape culture4 ,bun*1 b]ry & v9e seem$ to indicate t ?is 0 ! be/ black ,am]ican grape "u cultivation4 ,ne>ly two decades h pass$ s9ce ,campbell ,e>ly 0 introduc$1 & ?\gh admitt$ by all to be a good grape1 yet x has h>dly met ! expectations ( ! grape-gr[]s :o f almo/ e /ate & t]ritory welcom$ ! newcom]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,campbell ,,e>ly ,! preem95tly m]itori\s qualities ( ,campbell ,e>ly are3 ,high quality :5 mature2 fre$om f fox9ess & f acidity ab\t ! se$s2 small se$s :i* easily "p f ! fle%2 e>l9ess ( maturity1 rip5+ ne>ly a =tnight be=e ,concord2 l>ge size & attractive appe>ance ( bun* & b]ry 7! color-plate does n d ! ,campbell ,e>ly ju/ice z to size ( b]ry & bun*72 comp>ative h>d9ess ( ! v9e2 & good %ipp+ & keep+ qualities4 ,campbell ,e>ly falls %ort *iefly 9 n be+ adapt$ to z _m soils & conditions z are "s ( ! v>ieties ) :i* x mu/ compete & 9 all b localities well adapt$ to x ! v>iety lacks productiv5ess4 ,9 o!r words x is some:at lack+ 9 t ela/icity ( con/itution s *>act]i/ic ( ,concord4 ,its reputation = quality has suff]$1 & to ! detrim5t ( ! v>iety1 because x atta9s its full color be=e x is ripe & is !re=e (t5 m>ket$ 9 an unripe condition4 ,! fruit is q v>iable 9 size z gr[n "u diff]5t conditions & some:at s z gr[n 9 ! same v9ey>d1 rang+ 9 size ( bun* f v l>ge to small1 diff]+ some:at 9 %ape & ) "s compact & ) "s loose clu/]s4 ,! color ( ! b]ry is n z attractive z t ( ,concord z x has less ( ! waxy bloom :i* makes ! la/ nam$ sort s h&some4 ,b ! weaknesses attribut$ to ,campbell ,e>ly d n :olly expla9 :y s good a v>iety has seem+ly fail$ to meet expectations4 ,c x be t ! fault is ) ! ,am]ican grape-gr[] m ?an ) ! grape8 ,am]ican gr[]s are n yet will+ to give v>ieties ( grapes ! p>ticul> c>e t ea* may ne$ = its be/ developm5t1 b seem+ly pref] to gr[ ^? sorts :i* are cosmopolitan z to environm5t & :i* w ?rive "u a g5]al treatm5t4 ,x _c be t ! consum]s ( ?is fruit c>e = less ?an a doz5 ( ! sev]al hundr$ ,am]ican grapes2 or t "u ! v>i$ conditions ( half a cont95t ov] :i* gr[ a score ( species ( wild grapes b a meag] half doz5 v>ieties c be gr[n = comm]cial purposes4 ,if our grape-gr[]s 7 will+ to give ! ,campbell ,e>ly1 & a score ( o!r sorts ( sup]ior m]it1 ! special c>e t ,european v9ey>di/s give ! hundr$s ( v>ieties !y successfully gr[1 our viticulture w\ld n long rema9 conf9$ to ! culture ( a few grapes ( m$iocre quality4 ,! "n commemorates ! s]vices to viticulture ( ! orig9ator ( ! v>iety1 ,geo4 ,w4 ,campbell#agj ( ,delaw>e1 ,ohio1 :o devot$ a long & active life to ! improvem5t ( ! grape4 ,! v>iety is a se$l+ ( ,moore ,e>ly poll9at$ by ano!r production ( ,campbell's1 :i* 0 a se$l+ ( ,belvid]e poll9at$ by ,muscat ,hamburg4 ,campbell ,e>ly bore = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahib1 & 0 soon aft] introduc$ by ,george ,s4 ,josselyn ( ,fr$onia1 ,new ,york4 ,x is n[ kn[n & gr[n ?r\gh\t ! grape regions ( ea/]n ,am]ica4 ,v9e vigor\s to m$ium1 h>dy1 productive to v productive4 ,canes ( av]age l5g? & numb]1 some:at ?ick1 d>k r$di%-br[n1 surface (t5 r\gh5$ ) small w>ts2 nodes int]m$iate 9 size1 flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to %ort2 diaphragm ( mean ?ickness2 pi? ( av]age size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 r %ort1 trifid to bifid4 ,leaf-buds int]m$iate 9 size1 incl9$ to long1 sl5d] to m$ium1 po9t$ to conical1 op5 e>ly4 ,"y leaves heavily t+$ on l[] surface & along m>g9 ( upp] surface ) bright c>m9e4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge1 ?ick to m$ium2 upp] surface gre51 slightly glossy1 int]m$iate 9 smoo?ness2 l[] surface bronze to pale gre51 heavily pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes (t5 ?ree 9 numb] b usually entire1 t]m9al lobe acute2 petiol> s9us r %all[1 m$ium to wide2 basal s9us usually pubesc5t2 lat]al s9us v>y+ f m$ium wide to a m]e not*1 frequ5tly d5tate2 tee? %all[ to m$ium1 n>r[4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit v>iable 9 season1 ext5d+ ?r\gh a long p]iod1 becomes m>ketable some:at e>li] ?an ,word51 keeps & %ips unusually well4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size rang+ f v l>ge to m$ium1 r long & broad1 tap]+ to cyl9drical1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 usually two bun*es p] %oot1 compact to slightly loose2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 ?ick2 p$icel bel[ av]age 9 l5g? & ?ickness1 cov]$ ) small num]\s w>ts2 bru% long1 light w9e color4 ,b]ries some:at v>iable 9 size1 usually l>ge1 r\ndi% to slightly oval1 d>k purpli%-black1 r dull z ! season advances1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 mod]ately firm4 ,sk9 m$ium to ?91 t\gh1 does n crack1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s a small am\nt ( d>k r$ pigm5t1 some:at a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 juicy1 v>y+ f r t\gh to ne>ly s(t1 slightly co>se1 n foxy1 some:at v9\s1 ne>ly sweet f sk9 to c5t]1 quality good & improves by hang+ on ! v9es1 sup]ior to ,concord4 ,se$s sep>ate readily f ! fle%1 "o to f\r1 av]age ?ree1 ( m$ium size & l5g?1 r broad1 light br[n1 (t5 ) yell[i% tips2 raphe obscure2 *alaza int]m$iate 9 size1 slightly above c5t]1 oval1 obscure4 ,,canada4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,horticulturi/1 #bb3cfc1 #cfe4 #ahfg4 fig4 #b4 ,rec4 ( ,hort41 #ahfh3dd4 #c4 ,d[n+1 #ahfi3ecc4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3gi4 fig4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aj3did4 #ahia4 #f4 ,ib41 #ag3ebg1 #edh1 #eed1 #eei4 #ahih4 #g4 ,trait g54 de vit41 #e3ahb4 #aijc4 ,,arnold',s ,,no4 #af 7#a1 #b1 #e74 ,arnold's ,no4 #ah 7#c1 #d1 #g74 ,canada is ju/ly consid]$ ! mo/ desirable ( ,arnold's sev]al hybrids ( ,rip>ia & ,v9if]a & is well kn[n 9 ,europe z well z 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 ,france :5 ,am]ican v>ieties 7 be+ l>gely us$ 9 ! recon/ruction ( ! v9ey>ds de/roy$ by phyllox]a1 ,canada 0 "o ( ! prime favorites1 because ( its %ort p]iod = fruit developm5t & maturity & ! comp>atively high quality ( ! w9e :i* c\ld be made f x4 ,9 ,am]ica x has nev] ga9$ great popul>ity on acc\nt ( its susceptibility to fungal diseases4 ,9 ?is respect z 9 "s o!rs1 x %[s ,v9if]a m ?an ,rip>ia p>5tage2 ?us 9 %ape1 color & texture ( foliage1 9 ! flavor ( ! fruit1 & 9 ! se$s !re are decid$ indications ( ,v9if]a :ile ! v9e1 especially 9 ! sl5d]ness ( ! %oots1 & ! bun* & b]ry1 %[s ,rip>ia4 ,if1 z is surmis$1 !re is "s ,labrusca 9 ,cl9ton1 ! ,rip>ia p>5t ( ,canada1 !re are no disc]nible traces ( ! fir/ nam$ species 9 ?is v>iety4 ,canada & ,brant1 its full bro!r1 are (t5 confus$ ) ea* o!r b !re are num]\s m9or diff]5ces 9 buds1 foliage1 canes1 9 ! %ape ( ! bun*1 9 ! se$s & 9 ! "t ( rip5+ :i* a read+ ( ! descriptions ( ! two v>ieties w reveal4 ,canada has little value z a dess]t fruit b makes a v good r$ w9e1 hav+1 accord+ to ! ,fr5*1 a mo/ agreeable b\quet1 b 9 ,am]ica x is surpass$ by o!r w9e grapes 9 s _m *>act]s t x c probably nev] atta9 a place 9 ?is c\ntry = o!r ?an bre$+ purposes4 ,! grape to :i* ,arnold#aga gave ! "n ,canada is a se$l+ ( ,cl9ton1 a ,labrusca-,rip>ia hybrid1 f]tiliz$ by ,black ,/4 ,pet]s1 a v>iety ( ,vitis v9if]a4 ,arnold plant$ ! se$ :i* produc$ ,canada & its bro!r ,brant ab\t #ahfj4 ,dur+ ! decade t foll[$ ! v>iety 0 s5t out z ,arnold ,no4 #af1 b z x became m widely di/ribut$ ! "n 0 *ang$ to ,canada4 ,v9e m$ium to v vigor\s1 h>dy1 n always heal?y1 usually productive4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 v>iable 9 size b av]ag+ sl5d]1 ne>ly a%-gray at int]nodes to r$di%-br[n at nodes1 cov]$ ) a slight blue bloom2 nodes enl>g$1 n flatt5$2 int]nodes above m$ium to %ort2 diaphragm ( av]age ?ickness1 r l>ge2 %oots /rongly pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 ne>ly %ort1 trifid to bifid4 ,leaf-buds int]m$iate 9 size1 %ort1 ( av]age ?ickness1 conical to obtuse1 op5 r late4 ,"y leaves pale gre5 ) fa9te/ trace ( c>m9e1 prevail+ color gre5 on upp] & l[] sides4 ,leaves int]m$iate 9 size1 m$ium to ?92 upp] surface light gre51 ne>ly smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 hairy2 ve9s obscure2 lobes five 9 numb]1 (t5 obscure1 t]m9al lobe acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us deep1 m$ium to n>r[2 basal s9us v>iable 9 dep? & wid?2 lat]al s9us usually deep & n>r[ :5 well def9$2 tee? deep1 wide4 ,fl[]s occasionally on plan ( six1 some:at f]tile to p>tly /]ile1 op5 mod]ately e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s 9 mid-season or lat]1 keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s int]m$iate 9 size1 long to m$ium1 r sl5d]1 uni=m1 (t5 /rongly cyl9drical1 sometimes s+le-%\ld]$1 v compact2 p$uncle %ort1 sl5d]2 p$icel long1 sl5d]1 ne>ly smoo?2 bru% %ort1 light br[n4 ,b]ries n uni=m1 av]age m$ium to small1 r\ndi% :5 n compress$ by compactness ( clu/]1 attractive purpli%-black to black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) heavy d>k blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ?91 does n crack1 r t\gh1 adh]es b slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s a slight am\nt ( pigm5t1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% r d>k gre51 v juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 some:at t5d] :5 fully ripe1 spicy1 pleasant v9\s flavor1 ne>ly sweet to agreeably t>t1 rank+ m$ium to above 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate readily f pulp1 "o to ?ree1 av]age two1 int]m$iate 9 size & bread?1 ( av]age l5g?1 blunt1 light br[n2 raphe completely obscure2 *alaza int]m$iate 9 size1 slightly above c5t]1 oval1 di/9ct1 some:at obscure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,canada ,,can&aigua4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 ,can&aigua has n be5 g5]ally di/ribut$ & w\ld n be m5tion$ "h 7 x n = its exceptional keep+ qualities4 ,to te/ ! keep+ qualities ( grapes 9 common /orage1 #bfe v>ieties 7 put 9 ! fruit h\se at ?is ,/ation 9 ! fall ( #aijg4 ,! te/ end$ ,april #af1 #aijh1 :5 x 0 f\nd t ,can&aigua 0 9 ! be/ condition ( all v>ieties4 ,its quality is v good at pick+ "t b seems1 if any?+1 to improve 9 /orage1 & x 0 z good at ! end ( ! te/ z at ! beg9n+4 ,its v9e *>act]s are ^? ( ,labrusca-,v9if]a hybrids & su*1 z ! v>iety gr[s on ! ,/ation gr\nds1 z make x ! equal ( ! av]age cultivat$ hybrid ( ^! two species4 ,! *>act]s ( ! fruit1 too1 %[ pla9ly an admixture ( ,v9if]a & ,labrusca s comb9$ z to make ! grapes v simil> to ! be/ ( su* hybrids4 ,! v>iety is q wor?y ( trial4 ,can&aigua is a *ance se$l+ f\nd by ,e4 ,l4 ,van ,worm] ( ,can&aigua1 ,new ,york1 gr[+ among wild grapes4 ,its high quality & h&some appe>ance attract$ 8 att5tion & ! v9e 0 put "u cultivation1 aft] :i* its long-keep+ qualities 7 discov]$4 ,v9es 7 s5t to ?is ,/ation = te/+ 9 #ahig4 ,all ( its *>act]s indicate t x is a hybrid betwe5 ,labrusca & ,v9if]a4 ,v9e vigor\s1 d\btfully h>dy1 m$ium to productive4 ,t5drils semi-cont9u\s to semi-int]mitt5t1 bifid1 dehisce e>ly4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 ?94 ,fl[]s /]ile or sometimes p>tly f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s aft] mid-season1 keeps unusually well4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 usually heavily s+le-%\ld]$1 loose to m$ium4 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 slightly oval to r\ndi%1 black1 cov]$ ) a fair am\nt ( blue bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,fle% firm1 sweet & ri*1 good 9 quality1 improv+ z ! season advances4 ,se$s (t5 long1 ) enl>g$ neck2 raphe %[s z a p>tially obscur$ cord 9 a m$ium deep groove2 *alaza above c5t]1 di/9ctly pe>-%ap$4 ,,capta94 7,l9cecumii1 ,rupe/ris1 ,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fj3fcg4 #aija4 #b4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijd3cjf4 #c4 ,munson ,cat41 #aijf-g3af4 ,capta9 has n made a good %[+ 9 ! ,/ation v9ey>d & we h no reports ( x f o!r p>ts ( ! ,/ate4 ,! clu/]s are l>ge & long b v loose & unattractive 9 appe>ance1 & ! fruit ranks l[ 9 quality4 ,we are =c$ to conclude1 judg+ f ! sev]al seasons ! v>iety has fruit$ on ^! gr\nds1 t x is ( little value 9 ,new ,york4 ,! bre$+ ( ,capta9 is su* t x c\ld h>dly be expect$ to ?rive 9 ?is latitude4 ,capta9 0 produc$ by ,t4 ,v4 ,munson f se$ ( ,am]ica f]tiliz$ ) ,r4 ,w4 ,munson4 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 mod]ately productive4 ,canes long to m$ium1 num]\s1 cov]$ ) r ?ick blue bloom2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid & trifid4 ,leaves v l>ge to m$ium1 ?ick1 n pubesc5t b v hairy along ribs4 ,fl[]s semi-f]tile1 op5 r late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s lat] ?an ,concord1 does n keep long al?\gh x %ips well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to above m$ium1 long1 sl5d]1 sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 v loose4 ,b]ries v l>ge to bel[ m$ium1 incl9$ to r\ndi%1 black1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( purpli%-r$ pigm5t4 ,fle% m$ium juicy1 co>se1 t5d]1 lacks "*1 t>t f sk9 to c5t]1 fair 9 quality4 ,se$s num]\s1 sep>ate easily f ! pulp4 ,,c>man4 ,l9cecumii1 ,v9if]a1 ,labrusca1 ,b\rqu9iana8 #a4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bh3cjd4 #ahhf4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ej3bba1 fig41 #fdc1 #fij4 #ahia4 #c4 ,ib41 #ea3adg1 #fjg1 #ggd4 #ahib4 fig4 #d4 ,husmann1 #ahie3abg4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahig3bj4 #f4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3edh1 #eed4 #ahih4 #g4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aadi1 #aaed4 #ahih4 fig4 #h4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ch1 #dc1 #de1 #di4 #ahii4 #i4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ei3fgd1 #fij1 #geb1 #ggj1 #hjb1 #hai4 #aijj4 #aj4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3da1 #ea1 #eb1 #ed4 #aija4 ,! ,c>man is ano!r grape hav+ ! *>act]s ( ?ree species--,vitis l9cecumii1 ,v4 labrusca & ,v4 v9if]a--& h5ce ( int]e/ to grape improv]s at lea/4 ,9 ! tw5ty-?ree ye>s x has be5 kn[n 9 ,new ,york x has n become popul> ) grape-gr[]s *iefly because x rip5s too late = ?is region & :5 ripe does n atta9 ! high quality ascrib$ to x else:]e4 ,its mo/ valuable "* is t ( long keep+1 :e!r :ile hang+ on ! v9e or aft] h>ve/+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c>man ,t4 ,v4 ,munson ( ,d5ison1 ,texas1 rais$ ,c>man f se$ ( a wild ,po/-oak grape tak5 f ! woods1 poll9at$ ) mix$ poll5 ( ,triumph & ,h]bemont4 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 #ahib & plac$ on ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog li/ 9 #ahig4 ,! v>iety 0 nam$ 9 honor ( ,e4 ,s4 ,c>man1 = _m ye>s editor ( ! ,rural ,new ,york]1 & a plant-bre$] ( note4 ,v9e v vigor\s to m$ium1 h>dy1 lack+ 9 productiv5ess4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 ?ick1 br[n to r$di%-br[n2 nodes b slightly enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes long to m$ium2 diaphragm some:at ?ick2 pi? above m$ium size2 %oots v pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 long1 trifid4 ,leaf-buds r l>ge1 ne>ly %ort1 ?ick1 conical to obtuse1 op5 r late4 ,"y leaves slightly t+$ ) rose on upp] & l[] sides4 ,leaves 9 good condition until injur$ by fro/1 l>ge1 ?ick2 upp] surface light to d>k gre51 some:at glossy1 old] leaves rugose2 l[] surface pale gre51 pubesc5t2 ve9s indi/9ct2 t]m9al lobe acute to obtuse2 petiol> s9us deep to n>r[2 basal s9us (t5 abs5t or %all[2 lat]al s9us m$ium to %all[ :5 pres5t2 tee? int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?4 ,fl[]s on plan ( five or six1 f]tile or ne>ly s1 op5 v late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s j be=e ,catawba1 an excell5t keep]4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 ( av]age l5g? & bread?1 tap]+ to cyl9drical1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 usually compact2 p$uncle above m$ium l5g? & ?ickness2 p$icel %ort1 sl5d]1 smoo? ) v slight swell+ at po9t ( atta*m5t to b]ry2 bru% %ort1 sl5d]1 w9e-color$4 ,b]ries inf]ior 9 size1 r\ndi% to slightly oblate1 d>k purpli%-black to black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) a fair am\nt ( blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 r ?91 t\gh1 ne>ly free f pulp1 conta9s little or no pigm5t1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% yell[i%-gre51 n juicy1 some:at t5d] :5 fully ripe1 has "s ,po/-oak flavor1 v9\s1 spicy1 sweeti% at sk9 to t>t next ! se$s1 good to v good4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age two or ?ree1 small1 ( mean l5g? & bread?1 blunt1 br[ni%2 raphe sometimes cord-l2 *alaza int]m$iate 9 size1 slightly above c5t]1 oval to pe>-%ap$1 di/9ct4 ,,catawba4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,adlum1 #ahbc3aji1 #aci4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahbh3agc4 #c4 ,ib41 #ahbh3agf4 #d4 ,pr9ce1 #ahcj3age4 #e4 ,ib41 #ahcj3ahj4 #f4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahde3cab1 #ich1 #ici4 #g4 ,ib41 #ahdg3dfb1 #dfc1 #dfd1 #dfe1 #dff1 #dfg1 #dfi4 #h4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #ae3eac4 #ahdi4 #i4 ,we/4 ,hort4 ,rev41 #a3ae4 #ahej4 #aj4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahea3dh1 #di1 #ea4 #aa4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #aheb3ed4 #ab4 ,bu*anan1 #aheb3bc1 #ga1 #if1 #ajf4 #ac4 ,elliott1 #ahed3bdd4 #ad4 ,hoop]1 #aheg3bgd4 #ae4 ,horticulturi/1 #af3abj4 #ahfa4 #af4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bh3ejf4 #ahfb4 #ag4 ,ib41 #bi3gc4 #ahfc4 #ac4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #e3gc1 #gd1 #ahd4 #ahfc4 #ai4 ,n4 ,y4 ,ag4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfd3db4 #bj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfg3dc4 #ba4 ,full]1 #ahfg3bbj1 #bda1 #bdh4 #bb4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #i3bad4 #ahfg4 #bc4 ,horticulturi/1 #bc3bih4 #ahfh4 fig4 ( leaf4 #bd4 ,d[n+1 #ahfi3ecc4 #be4 ,b>ry1 #ahgb3dba4 #bf4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #ad3afg4 #ahgb4 #bg4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge-f3gb1 #gc4 #bh4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3hj4 fig4 #bi4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3aah4 #cj4 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3eha4 #ahia4 #ca4 ,g>4 & ,=41 #h3dhg4 #ahie4 #cb4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ae3dcb4 #ahif4 #cc4 ,ib41 #ag3ebg1 #edj1 #edc1 #edd1 #edh1 #eeb4 #ahih4 #cd4 ,ev4 ,nat4 ,fruits1 #ahih3ec4 #ce4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ah3cfg1 #cgd1 #chf1 #cif4 #ahii4 #cf4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ch1 #dc1 #dd1 #de4 #ahii4 #cg4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bce4 #aijb4 #ch4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fa3gbb4 #aijb4 #ci4 ,trait g54 de vit41 #f3bhb4 #aijc4 ,arkansas 7#ac74 ,catawba ,tokay 7#d1 #ac1 #ah1 #bd1 #ci74 ,*]okee 7#ae74 ,fan*] 78#bd1 #ci74 ,kell]'s ,:ite 7#ci74 ,lebanon ,se$l+ 7#ac1 #ah74 ,l9coln 7#i74 ,mammo? ,catawba 7#ci74 ,mead's ,se$l+ 7#ci74 ,m]c]on 7#ci74 ,,mi*igan 7#af1 #ag74 ,mi*igan 7#bd1 #ci74 ,,muncy 7#c74 ,,muncy ,,pale ,,r$ 7#e74 ,muncy1 pale r$8 7#d74 ,omega 7#ci74 ,r$ ,muncy 7#d81 #ac1 #ah1 #bd1 #bh1 #ci74 ,rose ( ,t5nessee 7#ah74 ,s>atoga 78#bd1 #ci74 ,s+leton 7#ac1 #ah1 #bh18ci74 ,tekomah 7#ci74 ,,tokay 7#a74 ,tokay 7#d1 #bh1 #ci74 ,virg9ia ,amb] 7#ah74 ,:ite ,catawba 7#ci74 ,f _m po9ts ( view ! ,catawba is ! mo/ int]e/+ ( our ,am]ican grapes4 ,! ela/icity ( con/itution :i* enables x to adapt itself to _m environm5ts & !re=e to succe$ 9 a va/ region2 its possible exi/5ce = c5turies 9 ! wild /ate1 = ! records ( a c5tury h n divulg$ ! secret ( its orig91 ( its ance/ry1 or ( its introduction2 its high quality & attractive appe>ance :i* give x intr9sic value z a table grape & = mak+ w9e2 ! fact t x 0 our fir/ great ,am]ican grape & t aft] a c5tury x is /ill "o ( ! f\r lead+ v>ieties ( grapes cultivat$ 9 ea/]n ,am]ica & t aft] ?is lapse ( "t x is ! *ief ( all nor!rn v>ieties = w9e-mak+2 all ^! make ,catawba ( prime int]e/ to ! gr[] ( ,am]ican grapes4 ,! ,catawba1 too1 has _h ! r>e di/9ction ( hav+ a poet1 ,longfell[1 s+ its praises3 ,v good 9 its way is ! ,v]z5ay ,or ! ,sill]y1 s(t & creamy1 ,b ,catawba w9e has a ta/e m div9e1 ,m dulcet1 delici\s & dreamy4 ,!re gr[s no v9e1 by ! haunt$ ,rh9e1 ,by ! ,danube or ,guadalquiv]1 ,nor isl& or cape1 t be>s su* a grape ,z gr[s by ! beautiful ,riv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,catawba ,9 ,*apt] ,,ii1 ,am]ican ,grapes1 we h se5 h[ important a "p ! ,catawba play$ 9 ! fir/ grape regions ( ?is c\ntry4 ,x is /ill ! lead+ grape along ! %ores ( ,lake ,erie 9 nor!rn ,ohio1 & ab\t ! ,c5tral ,lakes ( ,new ,york4 ,9 ! latt] region imm5se areas are devot$ to ?is v>iety1 ! product go+ to ! g5]al m>ket & to ! w9e-cell>s :]e x is ! *ief sort us$ 9 ! mak+ ( *ampagne4 ,its *>act]s are su* t x is n too mu* to say t did x b rip5 two weeks e>li] 9 ! o!r grape regions ( ,new ,york1 ! ,*autauqua1 ,hudson & ,ont>io regions1 ! ,catawba w\ld rival ! ,concord4 ,because ( late rip5+ 9 ,new ,york ?is v>iety is at its be/ only ab\t ! ,c5tral ,lakes & on l& ext5d+ back f ! wat] to an altitude ( "o hundr$ feet above ! lake surface2 "h z f9e ,catawbas are gr[n z any:]e 9 ! _w4 ,z to soil1 x ?rives 9 s&1 gravel or clay provid$ !re be an abundance ( food & humus1 good dra9age & pl5ty ( bottom heat4 ,( all ! comm]cial grapes gr[n 9 ,new ,york ,catawba is ! be/ keep]1 la/+ until ,m>* or lat]4 ,because ( its f9e quality x (t5 br+s a high] price ?an o!r v>ieties & its reputation z a dess]t grape w\ld be /ill bett] 7 x n too (t5 pick$ be=e fully ripe & !re=e s\r & unpalatable4 ,! ,catawba is ! /&>d r$ grape 9 ! m>kets1 & o!r r$ v>ieties are (t5 sold "u its "n4 ,x makes a good light-color$ w9e1 :i* z has be5 said1 is l>gely us$ z a base = *ampagne4 ,! v9e is vigor\s1 h>dy & productive b ! foliage & fruit are susceptible to fungi & ?is con/itutes ! *ief defect ( ! v>iety & acc\nts = ! decl9e & ! pass+ out ( ,catawba 9 _m ( ! grape regions ( ! pa/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & its unpopul>ity 9 "s ( ! grape regions ( ! pres5t4 ,9 its botanical *>act]s1 9 its adaptation1 & 9 its susceptibilities x sugge/s ,vitis v9if]a cross$ ) ,vitis labrusca1 a possibility to be discuss$ 9 a lat] p>agraph4 ,! *>act]s ( ,catawba seem readily transmissible to its (fspr+ &1 beside hav+ a numb] ( pure-br$ desc5dants :i* m or less resemble x1 x is "o ( ! p>5ts ( a /ill great] numb] ( cross-bre$s :i*1 z a rule1 inh]it _m ( its *>act]s4 ,z ) ,catawba1 mo/ ( its prog5y %[ ,v9if]a *>act]s2 z int]mitt5t t5drils1 ! ,v9if]a color ( foliage1 a v9\s flavor :olly or ne>ly free f fox9ess1 & ! susceptibilities ( ,labrusca-,v9if]a hybrids to c]ta9 insects1 fungi1 & environm5tal conditions4 ,catawba 0 introduc$ by ,john ,adlum ( ! ,di/rict ( ,columbia ab\t #ahbc4 ,adlum secur$ cutt+s ( ?is v>iety f a ,mrs4 ,s*oll ( ,cl>ksburgh1 ,montgom]y ,c\nty1 ,m>yl&1 9 ! spr+ ( #ahai4 ,?is v9e _h be5 plant$ by ,mrs4 ,s*oll's husb&1 :o _h s9ce di$4 ,he _h always call$ x ,catawba1 b ! family did n "k f :at s\rce x _h be5 secur$4 ,ow+ to ! /atem5t ( a ,g]man prie/ t x 0 ! same z ! ,tokay ( ,hung>y1 ,mr4 ,adlum call$ x by t "n4 ,"s ye>s lat]1 :5 he f\nd ?is to be a mi/ake1 he *ang$ ! "n back to ,catawba4 ,adlum f\nd ! same v>iety on a trellis on l& belong+ to a ,mr4 ,j4 ,john/on1 ne> ,fr$]ickt[n1 ,m>yl&4 ,he also f\nd a simil> v>iety on a f>m ( 8 9 ,lycom+ ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 :i* he introduc$ "u ! "n ( ,muncy4 ,lat] ^! two v>ieties 7 judg$ to be id5tical4 ,nei!r ,adlum nor ,pr9ce 0 able to trace ! orig9 ( ,catawba1 ?\gh bo? 7 among ! *ief viticulturi/s ( _! day1 7 in/rum5tal 9 di/ribut+ ?is v>iety1 & _h correspond5ts 9 all p>ts ( ! ,union4 ,9 #ahej1 ,s4 ,mo%] ( ,saloma ,spr+s1 ,k5tucky1 wrote an article 9 ! ,we/]n ,horticultural ,review1 giv+ an acc\nt ( ! f9d+ ( ! orig9al v9e by ,dr4 ,solomon ,bea*1 9 #ahba1 on ! f>m ( ,william ,murry1 ab\t t5 miles f ,a%eville1 ,buncombe ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,! ,murrys in=m$ ,bea* t ! grape 0 an old v>iety 9 ! neighborhood & t cutt+s & roots _h be5 s5t to v>i\s places4 ,?is /ory 0 lat] confirm$ by ,rav5el1 :o talk$ ) a son ( ! orig9al ,murry & 0 told t ,g5]al ,davy1 9 #ahjg1 !n ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ator f ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 _h secur$ "s ( ! v9es & _h c>ri$ "s ( !m to ,wa%+ton4 ,?is w\ld acc\nt = its fall+ into ! h&s ( ,adlum4 ,x mu/ be said1 h[ev]1 t x appe>s /range t none ( ! _m correspond5ts ( ,adlum or ,pr9ce1 "s ( :om liv$ n v f> f :]e ! ,catawba 0 suppos$ to h be5 f\nd1 _h he>d ( ?is v>iety4 ,t ! ,murrys _h a v9e gr[+ on _! f>m ( peculi> excell5ce1 is probable2 t x 0 ,catawba is by no means c]ta94 ,all t c be said is t ! orig9 ( ,catawba is n positively kn[n4 ,catawba 0 introduc$ into ! grape region ar\nd ,c9c9nati by ,longwor? 9 #ahbe4 ,! favorable reports ( ! v>iety f ?is region und\bt$ly did mu* to secure its e>ly & wide di/ribution4 ,9 mo/ sections x 0 comp>$ ) ! ,alex&] or ,cape grape1 & prov$ itself easily ! sup]ior 9 bo? v9e & fruit *>act]s4 ,up to ! "t ( ! introduction ( ,concord1 ,catawba 0 ! mo/ popul> ,am]ican grape cultivat$4 ,aft] t "t1 ! e>li] season & sup]ior v9e ( ! =m] v>iety enabl$ x to supplant ,catawba 9 _m sections4 ,! ,catawba 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ 9 ! fir/ ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #aheb4 ,! species to :i* ,catawba belongs is unc]ta94 ,x is g5]ally class$ z ,labrusca1 b practically all ( ^? :o h rais$ l>ge numb]s ( se$l+s ( ! v>iety are ( ! op9ion t x has "s ,v9if]a blood 9 its composition4 ,! g5]al appe>ance ( ! v9e w\ld indicate ,labrusca1 b ! v9\s flavor ( ! fruit1 ! susceptibility to mildew1 ! appe>ance ( occasional se$s1 & ! "* ( ! se$l+s1 _m ( :i* resemble ,v9if]a m ?an ! p>5t1 all indicate t !re is a /ra9 ( ,v9if]a pres5t4 ,v9e vigor\s to m$ium1 h>dy1 productive1 subject to mildew 9 unfavorable seasons4 ,canes ( av]age l5g?1 num]\s1 r ?ick1 mod]ately d>k br[n ) slight a%-gray t+e2 nodes enl>g$1 sometimes slightly flatt5$2 int]nodes ( mean l5g?2 diaphragm r ?92 pi? r l>ge2 %oots slightly pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 ( fair l5g?1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds int]m$iate 9 size & ?ickness1 %ort1 conical to ne>ly obtuse1 op5 mod]ately late4 ,"y leaves t+$ rose c>m9e on upp] & l[] sides4 ,leaves l>ge1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface r light gre51 dull1 mod]ately smoo?2 l[] surface grayi%-:ite1 heavily pubesc5t2 ve9s well def9$2 lobes sometimes ?ree1 t]m9al lobe acute2 petiol> s9us deep1 n>r[ to m$ium2 basal s9us (t5 lack+2 lat]al s9us ( av]age dep?1 n>r[2 tee? r %all[1 n>r[4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 r late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit late1 "o ( ! be/ keep]s1 la/+ until ,m>* or lat]4 ,clu/]s l>ge to m$ium1 r long1 usually broad1 ne>ly cyl9drical to tap]+1 s+le-%\ld]$ to sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 r loose to compact2 p$uncle ( av]age l5g?1 r sl5d]2 p$icel v>iable 9 l5g?1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 cov]$ ) b few small1 inconspicu\s w>ts1 consid]ably swoll5 at po9t ( atta*m5t to b]ry2 bru% %ort1 pale gre54 ,b]ries int]m$iate 9 size1 oval to r\ndi%1 dull purpli%-r$1 cov]$ ) a mod]ate am\nt ( lilac bloom1 n incl9$ to drop f p$icel1 firm4 ,sk9 r ?ick1 v>iable 9 t\ghness1 slightly adh]es to pulp1 ) no pigm5t1 some:at a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 slightly t\gh to s(t1 dep5d+ ^u age1 v9\s1 (t5 sprightly ) "s fox9ess1 sweet & ri*1 v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f fle%1 frequ5tly abortive1 av]age two1 m$ium size1 broad1 (t5 ) a %ort prom95t neck1 di/9ctly not*$1 blunt1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza l>ge1 above c5t]1 oval to ne>ly r\ndi%1 r di/9ct4 ,,cayuga4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #de3bfe4 #ahhf4 fig4 #b4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fag4 #ahib4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ajj4 #d4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3da1 #ed4 #aija4 fig4 ,%>on 7#c74 ,cayuga is probably a desc5dant ( ,isabella ?r\gh ,adirondac4 ,x resembles its p>5t 9 bo? its good qualities & its faults4 ,! fir/ are beauty1 quality & e>l9ess ( fruit2 ! second lack ( vigor1 susceptibility to fungi & lack ( h>d9ess4 ,al?\gh kn[n s9ce #ahhf1 ! ,cayuga 0 nev] widely di/ribut$ 9 ,new ,york & is n[ r>ely f\nd4 ,! v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,d4 ,s4 ,m>v91 ,wat]t[n1 ,new ,york1 f se$ ( ,adirondac4 ,m>v91 9 a p]sonal lett]1 says t ! usually imput$ p>5tage ( ,eumelan cross$ ) ,adirondac is a mi/ake1 & ref]s to ano!r v>iety4 ,bu% gives ,%>on z a synonym ( ,cayuga b ?is appe>s to be an error4 ,v9e n vigor\s1 lacks 9 h>d9ess1 an unc]ta9 be>]1 unproductive4 ,t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid4 ,leaves m$ium to small1 incl9$ to d>k gre51 ?ick4 ,fl[]s v>y f ne>ly f]tile to almo/ /]ile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s z e>ly z ,*ampion4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 usually %ort & n %\ld]$1 n uni=m 9 compactness4 ,b]ries m$ium to l>ge b "s ye>s (t5 small & se$less1 mu* l ,isabella 9 %ape1 unattractive 9 color1 rang+ f dull r$di%-purple to blacki%1 cov]$ ) blue bloom4 ,fle% t5d]1 v9\s1 mild f sk9 to c5t]1 v>iable 9 flavor & quality1 rank+ f fair to v good4 ,! se$-coat is (t5 r\gh & w>ty4 ,,c5t5nial4 7,labrusca1 ,ae/ivalis1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3ff4 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ha4 #c4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3ccj4 #ahij4 #d4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfc4 #ahic4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aja4 fig4 #f4 ,mass4 ,hat*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #cg3ab1 #ae4 #ahif4 #g4 ,ark4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ci3bh4 #ahif4 #h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebg1 #edh1 #eeb4 #ahih4 #i4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aadi1 #aaed4 #ahih4 #aj4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ch1 #de1 #df4 #ahii4 #aa4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3da4 #aija4 #ab4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bdg4 #aijb4 ,,cont95tal 7#a7 b incorrectly4 ,c5t5nial is n[ sc>cely he>d ( ?\gh at ! "t ( its introduction1 %ortly aft] ! ,c5t5nial ( #ahgf1 x 0 look$ ^u z a valuable acquisition4 ,its *ief m]itori\s attributes are high quality & attractive appe>ance2 :ile its faults1 :i* greatly outweigh its m]its1 are lack ( vigor1 susceptibility to fungi1 & lack ( h>d9ess4 ,c5t5nial is mu* l ,delaw>e & is surpass$ by x 9 ne>ly all respects4 ,! v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,d4 ,s4 ,m>v91 ( ,wat]t[n1 ,new ,york4 ,x is a cross betwe5 a ,labrusca se$l+ ( ,m>v9's & a se$l+ ( ,eumelan4 ,x 0 fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahge1 & 0 introduc$ 9 #ahhb by ! orig9ator4 ,v9es 7 receiv$ by ?is ,/ation 9 #ahhc4 ,! t5d]ness & lat5ess ( rip5+ ( ,c5t5nial1 z well z its botanical *>act]s1 indicate ,v9if]a blood4 ,! foll[+ description is a compilation f sev]al s\rces3 ,v9e vigor\s1 some:at t5d]1 fairly productive4 ,leaves r\nd$1 slightly ?ree-lob$1 smoo?4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 compact1 tap]+ or cyl9drical1 sometimes slightly %\ld]$4 ,b]ries m$ium to small1 pale r$ or amb] color ) ?9 :ite bloom1 adh]e firmly to p$icel4 ,sk9 r ?ick1 t\gh4 ,fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 resembl+ ,delaw>e 9 flavor1 good to v good4 ,ab\t ! same season z ,concord4 ,,*all5ge4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #d3gb4 #ahfh4 #b4 ,ib41 #g3ajb4 #ahgj4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3hb4 #d4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bei4 #ahic4 #e4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ch1 #dc1 #de1 #df4 #ahii4 #f4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3da4 #aija4 #g4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bch4 #aijb4 ,"s ye>s ago ,*all5ge 0 consid]$ an excell5t dess]t grape1 be+ ( good quality1 h>dy1 & fairly heal?y4 ,small plantations ( x /ill exi/ 9 ,new ,york1 b x is rapidly pass+ out ( cultivation4 ,*all5ge 0 orig9at$ ab\t #ahfj by ,ar*] ,moore1 ( ,hammonton1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,he suppos$ x to h come f se$ ( ,concord f]tiliz$ by ,royal ,muscad9e4 ,! v>iety 0 introduc$ by ,william ,f4 ,bassett ( ! same place4 ,we d n h a v9e ( ,*all5ge gr[+ on ! ,/ation gr\nds1 & ! description writt5 bel[ is compil$ f v>i\s s\rces4 ,v9e v vigor\s2 %oots sl5d]1 long4 ,leaf ( m$ium size1 d>k gre54 ,clu/]s r l>ge1 compact1 tap]+1 usually %\ld]$4 ,b]ries m$ium 9 size1 r\nd1 pale r$ to r$di%-purple 9 color ) v ?9 bloom & inconspicu\s dots1 juicy1 slightly acid2 quality m$ium to good2 n sep>at+ readily f ! se$s4 ,season %ortly aft] ,concord4 ,,*ampion4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahga3fi4 #b4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an41 #ahga3hc4 #c4 ,horticulturi/1 #cj3aea4 #ahge4 #d4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge3hh1 #bie4 #e4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bj3dg4 #ahgh4 #f4 ,montreal ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgi3ic4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahgi4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3cf4 #i4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3hb4 #aj4 ,ib41 #ahhc3ach4 #aa4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3agb4 #ahif4 #ab4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebg1 #ebh1 #edh1 #eeb1 #eed4 #ahih4 #ac4 ,miss4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3aa4 #ahii4 #ad4 ,budd-,hans51 #b3cgd4 #aijb4 ,beaconsfield 7#f1 #h1 #i1 #aa74 ,*ampion 7#aj74 ,,e>ly ,,*ampion 7#e74 ,e>ly ,*ampion 7#i1 #aa74 ,tallman8 7#e74 ,,tallman ,,se$l+ 7#a1 #b74 ,,talman',s ,,se$l+ 7#aj74 ,talman's ,se$l+ 7#i1 #aa74 ,talman's ,se$l+ 7#d74 ,talman 7#aj74 ,*ampion is /ill a favorite e>ly grape ) "s comm]cial gr[]s aft] hav+ be5 gr[n = a g5]ation1 ?\gh its poor quality %\ld h driv5 x f cultivation ye>s ago4 ,*ampion & ,h>t=d are rivals z e>ly m>ket grapes & = ! di/9ction ( be+ ! poore/ 9 quality ( all commonly cultivat$ grapes4 ,! v>iety "u consid]ation is s\r] & less agreeable to ! ta/e ?an _m wild grapes4 ,! *>act]s :i* h kept x 9 cultivation are e>l9ess1 good %ipp+ qualities1 ?\gh x does n keep well1 productiv5ess1 attractive appe>ance1 & a vigor\s h>dy v9e4 ,! h>d9ess ( ! v9e & its %ort season ( fruit developm5t & maturity make x a good v>iety = nor!rn & cold climates4 ,?is grape is be/1 9 appe>ance ( fruit1 9 quality1 & 9 ! quantity produc$1 on a comp>atively light s&y soil4 ,z grape consum]s become m appreciative ( quality1 ,*ampion w be gr[n less & less4 ,! orig9 ( ,*ampion is unkn[n4 ,x 0 fir/ gr[n ab\t #ahgj 9 ,new ,york4 ,9 #ahga ,elliott ackn[l$g$ receipt ( specim5s ( ?is v>iety f ,william ,*orlton ( ,/at5 ,isl&4 ,x 0 at t "t g5]ally kn[n z ,tallman or ,tallman's ,se$l+4 ,at ab\t ! same "t x 0 be+ propagat$ & sold by ,r4 ,j4 ,donnelly & ,j4 ,i4 ,/one ( ,*>lotte1 ,monroe ,c\nty1 z ,*ampion4 ,al?\gh _m ef=ts h be5 made1 no "o has succe$$ 9 trac+ ! v>iety to ! orig9al v9e4 ,at "o "t x 0 /at$ to h orig9at$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,new ,orleans1 ,l\isiana1 b lat] ! s\!rn ,*ampion 0 f\nd to be a diff]5t v>iety4 ,?is v>iety 0 e>ly introduc$ into ,canada :]e x 0 kn[n z ,beaconsfield1 ow+ to its be+ fir/ plant$ 9 t c\ntry 9 a l>ge v9ey>d own$ by a g5tleman ( t "n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ampion ,v9e vigor\s to v vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive to v productive4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g? & numb]1 ( av]age size1 r d>k br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to bel[ 9 l5g?2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? ne>ly l>ge2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 incl9$ to long1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds ( m$ium size1 %ort1 r ?ick1 obtuse to conical1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves /rongly t+$ on l[] side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) c>m9e1 mak+ ! prevail+ color rose c>m9e4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 upp] surface d>k gre51 dull1 rugose2 l[] surface dull gray (t5 ) trace ( bronze1 slightly d[ny2 ve9s indi/9ct2 lobes usually ?ree1 (t5 obscurely five1 t]m9al lobe acute2 petiol> s9us deep to m$ium1 ( av]age wid?2 tee? ( fair dep?1 %all[4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 m$ium e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s e>ly1 ?ree weeks or m be=e ,concord & ab\t a week be=e ,h>t=d1 %ips well b does n keep well1 z its season is v %ort4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 ( mean l5g? & bread?1 blunt1 cyl9drical to slightly tap]+1 usually n %\ld]$1 m$ium to compact2 p$uncle %ort1 r ?ick2 p$icel incl9$ to %ort1 cov]$ ) small inconspicu\s w>ts2 bru% :iti% t+$ ) br[n4 ,b]ries m$ium to above 9 size1 r\ndi%1 dull black cov]$ ) a mod]ate am\nt ( blue bloom1 n always p]si/5t1 some:at s(t4 ,sk9 ?ick1 t5d]1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s a fair am\nt ( light purpli% pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% light gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 foxy1 r sweet next ! sk91 agreeably t>t at c5t]1 poor 9 quality4 ,se$s slightly adh]5t1 "o to five1 av]age ?ree1 l>ge1 some:at broad & long1 blunt1 light br[n2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( fair size1 slightly above c5t]1 circul>1 obscure4 ,,*autauqua4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fah4 #ahib4 #b4 ,ib41 #ac3fjb4 #ahid4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ajb4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebh1 #edh1 #eed4 #ahih4 ,9 appe>ance ,*autauqua is v simil> to ,concord1 its p>5t1 b x rip5s a few days e>li] & is ( slightly bett] quality ?\gh x does n diff] 9 ^! respects suffici5tly to make x m ?an an easily recogniz$ /ra9 ( ,concord4 ,inasmu* z x orig9at$1 & = fifte5 ye>s has be5 kn[n1 9 ! region :]e ! ,concord reigns supreme1 & has n yet come into prom95ce1 x is fair to assume t x has "s weakness & t ! p>5t w rema9 dom9ant4 ,*autauqua is a volunte] se$l+ ( ,concord f\nd 9 a ,concord v9ey>d ne> ,brocton1 ,*autauqua ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 by ,h4 ,t4 ,ba%tite :o s5t v9es ( x to ?is ,/ation 9 #ahib4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 n productive4 ,t5drils cont9u\s1 mo/ly trifid4 ,leaves l>ge1 irregul>ly r\ndi%1 d>k gre52 l[] surface t+$ ) bronze4 ,fl[]s semi-f]tile to ne>ly f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season or e>li]2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s 9 mid-season or a few days e>li]4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 r broad1 sometimes s+le-%\ld]$1 int]m$iate 9 compactness4 ,b]ries unusually l>ge1 r\ndi% to slightly oval1 d>k purpli%-black1 cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 %att] badly4 ,sk9 ?91 v a/r+5t4 ,fle% r t\gh1 v9\s1 sweet at sk9 to acid at c5t]1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,! pulp sep>ates readily f ! few broad & plump se$s4 ,,clev5]4 7,labrusca1 ,rip>ia1 ,ae/ivalis87 #a4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aj3did4 #ahia4 #b4 ,ib41 #aa3fah4 #ahib4 #c4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #eb3cha4 #ahic4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ajc4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebh1 #edh1 #eed4 #ahih4 ,!re are two ,clev5]s discuss$ 9 ,am]ican viticultural lit]ature1 ! orig9 & hi/ory ( bo? ( :i* are briefly set =? bel[4 ,9 ^! g5]al obs]vations we ne$ to consid] b ! nor!rn "o ( ! two grapes4 ,?is v>iety has long be5 gr[n 9 ,new ,j]sey & 9 ,new ,york & 9 bo? ,/ates is highly e/eem$ z a w9e grape1 ! result+ w9e be+ well flavor$ & ( a d>k inky-r$ color4 ,! fruit is rem>kable 9 color+ v e>ly & 9 rip5+ v late4 ,! v9e is h>dy1 v vigor\s1 succe$s 9 v>i\s soils & s9ce x be>s grafts well x seems an excell5t sort ^u :i* to graft v>ieties :i* d n ?rive on _! own roots4 ,x is self-/]ile & mu/ be plant$ ) "s o!r v>iety to set fruit well4 ,cl9ton makes an excell5t poll5iz] because x blooms at ! same "t1 & because two w9e grapes may be ?us gr[n toge!r4 ,9 spite ( its good qualities1 ,clev5] is h>dly hold+ its own 9 ! comm]cial v9ey>ds ( ! ,/ate & x is n a desirable fruit = ! amateur :o wants a table grape4 ,! ,clev5] "h describ$ has be5 rais$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,egg ,h>bor1 ,new ,j]sey1 = ab\t =ty ye>s1 b its place & "t ( orig9 are unkn[n4 ,x is g5]ally consid]$ to be a ,rip>ia b ! cont9u\s t5drils & o!r botanical *>act]s indicate a /rong admixture ( ,labrusca blood & possibly ,ae/ivalis or ,bicolor z ! %oots & canes %[ consid]able bloom4 ,! o!r v>iety "u ! "n ,clev5] is a s\!rn grape /rongly resembl+ ,rul&] or ,l\isiana4 ,op9ions diff] z to :e!r x be ( ,ae/ivalis or ,b\rqu9iana blood4 ,?is v>iety is unkn[n 9 ,new ,york & ( its orig9 & hi/ory !re is no in=mation4 ,v9e a rampant gr[]1 h>dy1 m$ium to productive1 some:at subject to attacks ( leaf-hopp]s4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 r ?ick1 d>k r$di%-br[n1 cov]$ ) a slight am\nt ( bloom2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid4 ,foliage v heal?y2 leaves unusually l>ge1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 d>k gre5 ) well def9$ ribs %[+ ?r\gh ! ?9 pubesc5ce ( ! "u surface4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 v e>ly2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s late1 & appe>s to keep well4 ,clu/]s d n always fill well1 small to m$ium1 r %ort & sl5d]1 irregul>ly tap]+1 (t5 ) a m$ium-siz$ s+le %\ld]1 v>iable 9 compactness4 ,b]ries small to m$ium1 r\ndi% to slightly flatt5$1 black1 r glossy1 cov]$ ) blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 r t\gh1 ?9ni% & incl9$ to crack1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s an unusually l>ge am\nt ( d>k purpli%-r$ pigm5t4 ,fle% r$di%-gre51 mod]ately juicy1 r t5d] & s(t1 f9e-gra9$1 v slightly aromatic1 spicy1 nei!r s sprightly nor s high-flavor$ z o!r v>ieties ( ! same season1 n good en\gh 9 flavor & quality 9 g5]al = dess]t purposes4 ,se$s sep>ate r easily f ! pulp1 int]m$iate 9 size & l5g?1 m$ium to above 9 wid?1 not*$1 ne>ly %>p-po9t$1 d>k br[n2 raphe %[s z a v small cord2 *alaza l>ge1 at c5t] or slightly above1 irregul>ly oval1 di/9ct4 ,,cl9ton4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,adlum1 #ahbc3adj4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahbh3agf4 #c4 ,pr9ce1 #ahcj3agi4 #d4 ,raf9esque1 #ahcj3aa4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,ag4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahda3chh4 #f4 ,horticulturi/1 #b3aba1 #cda4 #ahdg4 #g4 ,ib41 #h3abj4 #ahec4 fig4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfj3hb4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfb3ij4 #aj4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #e3cce4 #ahfc4 #aa4 ,/rong1 #ahff3ccb4 #ab4 ,husmann1 #ahff3ej1 #ajb4 #ac4 ,full]1 #ahfg3bai4 #ad4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfi3he4 fig4 #ae4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3hb4 #af4 ,c4 ,hort41 #aa3dc4 #ahhh4 #ag4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ajc1 #ajd4 fig4 #ah4 ,ev4 ,nat4 ,fruits1 #ahih3ge4 #ai4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebh1 #edj1 #edd1 #edh1 #eed1 #eei4 #ahih4 #bj4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ei3g1 #cjf4 #aijj4 ,,wor?+ton 7#a1 #b1 #c1 #d74 ,wor?+ton 7#ae1 #ag74 ,cl9ton is n[ b little gr[n1 its place hav+ be5 tak5 by bett] v>ieties ( its type4 ,x has hi/orical int]e/ if n intr9sic value1 = x play$ an important "p 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,am]ican viticulture4 ,mo/ viticulturi/s h ascrib$ to ,cl9ton ! di/9ction ( be+ ! fir/ cultivat$ v>iety ( ,vitis rip>ia b )\t "q ?is honor belongs to ! ,wor?+ton ( ,adlum & ,pr9ce1 ) a /rong probability t ,cl9ton may be ,wor?+ton r5am$4 ,b x 0 z ,cl9ton t ,vitis rip>ia 0 dissem9at$ = g5]al culture & x is ! "n ,cl9ton t /&s at ! p>5tal head ( ! long li/ ( grapes n[ "u cultivation f ?is species2 & s1 9 spite ( its be+ ! usurp] ( ,wor?+ton's honor1 & :e!r or n x be ! old] v>iety "u an assum$ "n1 x is probably be/ t ,cl9ton cont9ue to be consid]$ ! fir/ ( its race4 ,cl9ton came into prom95ce1 & br\ght ! species to :i* x belongs to ! notice ( grape-gr[]s1 because ( its vigor1 h>d9ess & fruitfulness2 &1 lat]1 its popul>ity 0 add$ to because ( its immunity to phyllox]a4 ,! v9e is s vigor\s t its gr[? is rank & because ( ?is & ! /raggl+ habit ( gr[? x is v difficult to keep "u control on trellises & 9 mo/ situations ne$s a great deal ( room4 ,x c be gr[n 9 z high a latitude z any ( our native grapes b x blooms s e>ly 9 ! spr+ t ! blossoms are (t5 caught by late fro/s 9 nor!rn climates4 ,! immunity ( ,cl9ton to phyllox]a l$ to its be+ plant$ v l>gely 9 ,france "s ye>s ago b x has n[ be5 disc>d$ = bett] direct produc]s 9 t c\ntry4 ,! defects ( ! v>iety are3 ,! fruit is too small & s\r & ! se$s & sk9s too prom95t = a m>ket grape & ! w9e is n ( high quality1 be+ too rauc\s1 ?\gh ! h>%ness disappe>s some:at ) age4 ,! fruit colors e>ly 9 ! season b does n rip5 until late & !re=e suff]s greatly f birds4 ,a slight t\* ( fro/ is suppos$ to improve its flavor4 ,?is v>iety is s s5sitive to calc>e\s soils t :]e lime or *alk ab\nds ! v9es (t5 die out aft] a few ye>s4 ,cl9ton be>s grafts well1 mak+ a quick & firm union ) ,labruscas & ,v9if]as1 & roots v freely f cutt+s4 ,?is v>iety has be5 mu* us$ 9 grape-bre$+ & its blood c be trac$ 9 _m valuable v>ieties1 among :i* are mo/ ( ! desirable w9e grapes = ! ,nor?4 ,! (fspr+ ( ,cl9ton are usually v h>dy & ?is1 tak5 ) o!r desirable *>act]s1 makes x an exceptionally good />t+-po9t = bre$+ grapes = nor!rn latitudes4 ,its se$l+s (t5 %[ int]mitt5t *>act]s & o!rwise indicate a /rong /ra9 ( ,labrusca4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cl9ton ,cl9ton began to attract att5tion 9 ,new ,york ab\t #ahdj4 ,j4 ,w4 ,bissell1 ( ,ro*e/]1 9 ! ,horticulturi/ ( ,janu>y1 #ahdh1 writes t ! v9e f :i* cutt+s 7 tak5 0 f\nd by ,l4 ,b4 ,langwor?y1 9 ! g>d5 ( a ,mr4 ,peebles above ,wat]=d on ! ,hudson4 ,! "n ,cl9ton 0 giv5 by ,langwor?y1 :o introduc$ x to ! trade ar\nd ,ro*e/] ab\t #ahce4 ,!re 7 o!r cultivat$ v>ieties gr[+ 9 ! ,peebles g>d5 & ! ,cl9ton 0 n suppos$ to be a se$l+4 ,al?\gh ?is acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ! ,cl9ton 0 publi%$ 9 ! !n mo/ popul> horticultural publication 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !re 7 no d5ials nor corrections made 9 any ( ! succe$+ numb]s4 ,9 #ahfc !re appe>$ 9 ! ,elmira ,adv]tis] an acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ?is v>iety 9 :i* x 0 /at$ t ! se$ f :i* ?is v>iety _h sprung 0 plant$ by ,hugh ,:ite1 !n a memb] ( ,congress1 9 8 fa!r's g>d5 9 ,:itesboro1 9 #ahai4 ,two ye>s lat]1 s ! /ory runs1 :5 he 0 a junior 9 ,hamilton ,college1 ,cl9ton1 ,new ,york1 ,:ite transplant$ ! v9e ea/ ( ! h\se ( ,dr4 ,noyes1 ) :om he !n bo>d$4 ,!re 7 no d5ials ( ?is report1 probably on acc\nt ( ! fact t ! introduc] at ,ro*e/] 0 dead2 & ! acc\nt & ,:itesboro z ! place ( orig9 7 lat] g5]ally accept$ by horticultural writ]s4 ,9 #aheb ! ,ohio ,pomological ,society det]m9$ t ! ,wor?+ton & ! ,cl9ton grapes 7 id5tical4 ,lat] ?is 0 g5]ally accept$ by viticulturi/s z be+ correct4 ,! ,wor?+ton is an old sort kn[n to ,adlum & ,pr9ce1 & 0 said by ! latt] to h orig9at$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,annapolis1 ,m>yl&4 ,cl9ton 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahfb1 :]e x has s9ce be5 reta9$4 ,cl9ton is usually consid]$ a ,rip>ia1 z mo/ ( ! botanical *>act]s indicate ?is species4 ,h[ev]1 occasional canes ) cont9u\s t5drils are *>act]i/ic ( ,labrusca4 ,v9e a rank gr[]1 heal?y1 h>dy1 productive4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 sl5d] to m$ium1 br[n to r$di%-br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 slightly flatt5$2 int]nodes ( av]age l5g?2 diaphragm ?ick to m$ium2 pi? l>ge2 %oots smoo?2 t5drils usually int]mitt5t b sometimes cont9u\s1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds r l>ge & %ort1 ?ick1 obtuse to conical1 op5 e>ly4 ,"y leaves v fa9tly t+$ ) c>m9e on l[] side only4 ,leaves hang until v late 9 ! season1 m$ium to small1 ?92 upp] surface d>k gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 n pubesc5t2 ve9s indi/9ct2 petiol> s9us deep1 m$ium to n>r[1 (t5 urn-%ap$2 basal & lat]al s9uses %all[ to m$ium :5 pres5t2 tee? ( av]age dep?1 r wide4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit colors e>ly b is n edible until aft] mid-season4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 ( fair l5g?1 sl5d]1 cyl9drical1 uni=m1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle m$ium to %ort1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 p$icel ne>ly %ort1 v sl5d]1 almo/ smoo?2 bru% t+$ ) r$4 ,b]ries small to m$ium1 r\ndi% to slightly oval1 d>k purpli%-black to black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) r ?ick blue bloom1 adh]e well to p$icel1 firm4 ,sk9 v ?91 t\gh1 ne>ly free f pulp1 conta9s consid]able w9e-color$ pigm5t1 some:at a/r+5t4 ,fle% d>ki% gre51 v juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 slightly t\gh & solid1 ) "s ,rip>ia flavor1 spicy1 v9\s1 too t>t = dess]t use4 ,se$s adh]5t1 av]age two 9 numb]1 int]m$iate 9 size1 %ort1 blunt1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( av]age size1 above c5t]1 pe>-%ap$ to long oval1 di/9ct4 ,mu/1 #ic-ih4 ,,cloeta4 7,l9cecumii1 ,rupe/ris1 ,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fj3fcg4 #aija4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijc3hc4 #c4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijd3cjf4 ,cloeta comes f ,t4 ,v4 ,munson & is ( ! same p>5tage z ,capta94 ,munson says ( x3#agb ,probably ! be/ ( all ,am]ican black grapes4 ,b x does n su/a9 ?is high /&>d on ! ,/ation gr\nds nor w\ld x d s1 we ?9k1 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,nor?4 ,munson fur!r /ates t x requires hot1 dry wea!r to acquire high quality & ?is expla9s :y x does n succe$ 9 ?is latitude z x does 9 ,texas4 ,! v>iety 0 produc$ f se$ ( ,am]ica poll9at$ by ,r4 ,w4 ,munson & 0 introduc$ by ! orig9ator 9 #aijb4 ,v9e v vigor\s1 h>dy1 produces fair to good crops1 susceptible to attacks ( mildew4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 cov]$ ) consid]able blue bloom2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid4 ,leaves small to above m$ium1 r ?ick4 ,fl[]s bloom 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s aft] mid-season1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 n uni=m1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 int]m$iate 9 compactness4 ,b]ries m$ium to small1 oval to r\ndi%1 black1 cov]$ ) a fair am\nt ( blue bloom1 v p]si/5t1 n firm4 ,sk9 v ?9 & t5d]1 conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( w9e-color$ pigm5t4 ,fle% some:at t\gh & solid1 sweet at sk9 to acid at c5t]1 spicy1 m$ium to above 9 quality4 ,! num]\s small se$s are usually n not*$4 ,,col]a94 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #dg3gei4 #ahhh4 fig4 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aje4 #c4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ec3faf4 #ahid4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ad3bgh4 #ahie4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebh1 #edh1 #eed4 #ahih4 #f4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #eh3bc4 #ahii4 #g4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3afe4 #ahii4 ,col]a9 is "o ( ! num]\s :ite se$l+s ( ,concord & "o ( ! few ( ^! se$l+s ( suffici5t m]it to be kept 9 cultivation4 ,x has ! *>act]i/ic foliage & habit ( gr[? ( its p>5t b is e>li] by at lea/ a week1 is ( mu* high] quality & lacks some:at ! fox9ess ( mo/ ,labruscas4 ,col]a9 is sprightly & v9\s & nei!r se$s nor sk9s are z objectionable z 9 ! p>5t v>iety2 ! fruit hangs well to ! v9e & keeps z well z mo/ ( ! v>ieties ( its class b ow+ to its t5d] pulp does n %ip well4 ,x is report$ to be m or less unproductive 9 "s localities4 ,:ile ,col]a9 has n atta9$ comm]cial importance1 x is recogniz$ z well wor?y a place 9 home v9ey>ds1 & = ?is reason & because x is "o ( ! be/ if n ! be/ ( ! :ite se$l+s ( ,concord x is giv5 ! honor ( a color-plate & full description 9 ,! ,grapes ( ,new ,york4 ,david ,bundy ( ,col]a91 ,belmont ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 produc$ ,col]a9 f se$ ( ,concord plant$ 9 #ahhj4 ,! v>iety 0 soon aft] introduc$ by ! ,col]a9 ,grape ,company ( ,col]a91 ,ohio4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 usually h>dy1 heal?y1 n always productive4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g? & numb]1 sl5d]1 d>k r$di%-br[n2 nodes ( av]age size1 flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to bel[2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? r l>ge2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 r %ort1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds small1 %ort1 sl5d]1 po9t$ to ne>ly conical1 op5 mod]ately late4 ,"y leaves lightly t+$ on l[] side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) a fa9t trace ( c>m9e4 ,leaves ( av]age size1 ne>ly ?ick2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 mod]ately smoo?2 l[] surface slightly bronze1 d[ny2 ve9s r di/9ct2 leaf n lob$1 t]m9us acute2 petiol> s9us %all[ to m$ium1 usually wide2 basal & lat]al s9uses v %all[ :5 pres5t2 tee? %all[1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5+ 9 mid-season or e>li]2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s a week or m e>li] ?an ,concord1 keeps fairly well b does n %ip well4 ,clu/]s attractive1 av]ag+ m$ium 9 size & l5g?1 some:at sl5d]1 blunt1 tap]+ to ne>ly cyl9drical1 irregul>1 usually /rongly %\ld]$1 mod]ately compact2 p$uncle m$ium 9 l5g? & ?ickness2 p$icel int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 incl9$ to sl5d]1 ne>ly smoo?2 bru% ( av]age l5g?1 gre54 ,b]ries usually bel[ ,niag>a 9 size b some:at v>iable1 r\ndi% to slightly oval1 light gre51 slightly glossy1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 usually r p]si/5t4 ,sk9 unusually ?91 t5d]1 adh]es to pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d] & s(t :5 fully ripe1 some:at foxy1 v9\s1 sweet1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 few 9 numb]1 usually "o to ?ree1 av]ag+ two1 r small & broad1 not*$1 %ort to m$ium1 ne>ly plump1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( av]age size1 slightly above c5t]1 circul> to ne>ly oval1 %[+ only z a depression4 ,,columbian ,,imp]ial4 7,labrusca1 ,rip>ia47 #a4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic-d3cj4 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aje4 #c4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahid-e3fg1 #gj4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ah3cgd1 #chg1 #cie4 #ahii4 #e4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ch1 #dc1 #dd1 #de1 #di4 #ahii4 #f4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3aff1 #afi4 #ahii4 #g4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahii3eg4 #h4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3db4 #aija4 ,,columbian 7#c1 #f74 ,imp]ial 7#c74 ,,jumbo 7#a74 ,jumbo 7#b1 #c74 ,columbian ,imp]ial is a %[y1 r$di%-black1 ,labrusca-,rip>ia hybrid *iefly rem>kable = ! great size ( its b]ries2 ?\gh ! v9e is s exceptionally heal?y & vigor\s z to give x prom95ce = ^! *>act]s4 ,! v>iety has rem>kably ?ick1 lea!ry leaves :i* seem almo/ pro( aga9/ ei!r insects or fungi4 ,! quality ( ! fruit1 h[ev]1 is v inf]ior & ! clu/]s are unev5 z to ! numb] ( b]ries & ^! %ell (f readily4 ,! only possible value ( ! v>iety is = exhibition purposes & = bre$+ to secure ! desirable *>act]s nam$ above4 ,columbian ,imp]ial is a frequ5t adornm5t ( ! salesbook ( ! fruit tree ag5ts & ! panegyrics heap$ ^u x by mis9=m$ or unscrupul\s salesm5 h giv5 x a r wide di/ribution 9 ! g>d5s ( ! amateur :]e x has no place :atev]4 ,! p>5tage ( ,columbian ,imp]ial is unkn[n4 ,! fruit 0 orig9at$ by ,j4 ,s4 ,mc,kinley1 ,morgan1 ,ori5t ,p4 ,o41 ,ohio1 9 #ahhe4 ,x 0 introduc$ by ! ,columbian ,grape ,company1 ( ,k+/on1 ,ohio1 "u ! "n ,columbian1 also by ,j4 ,r4 ,johnson ( ,dallas1 ,texas1 "u ! "n ,columbian ,imp]ial4 ,suppos$ by _m to be ( ,labrusca-,rip>ia blood4 ,! ,labrusca %[s pla9ly2 ! ,rip>ia little1 if at all4 ,v9e vigor\s to v vigor\s1 heal?y1 h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 ?ick to m$ium1 d>k r$di%-br[n1 unusually heavily pubesc5t & sp9y2 t5drils cont9u\s1 long1 bifid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,col]a9 ,leaves heal?y1 v>iable 9 size1 gre51 v ?ick2 l[] surface ( "y leaves pale gre5 %ad+ into bronze on old] leaves ) little1 if any1 pubesc5ce4 ,fl[]s1 /rongly self-f]tile2 upright /am5s4 ,fruit rip5s late4 ,clu/]s m$ium 9 size1 sometimes %\ld]$1 & ( av]age compactness4 ,b]ries l>ge1 r\ndi% to slightly oval1 dull r$di%-black cov]$ ) ?9 lilac or fa9t blue bloom1 n v p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ?ick1 t\gh1 conta9s no pigm5t4 ,fle% mod]ately juicy1 t\gh1 ne>ly sweet at sk9 to decid$ly acid at c5t]1 ) no pron\nc$ aroma1 fair to good 9 quality4 ,se$s adh]e to ! pulp1 l>ge to m$ium1 plump1 broad to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 r blunt4 ,,concord4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #ah3dij1 #ebb4 #aheb4 #b4 ,ib41 #ai3ebd1 #edb4 #ahec4 #c4 ,horticulturi/1 #i3abd1 #ahh1 #bcf1 #cii1 #eae4 #ahed4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bj3fc1 fig41 #dca1 #eec4 #ahed4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahed4 #f4 ,ib41 #aheh3bcc4 #g4 ,grant1 #ahfd3g1 #ab4 #h4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #aa3ci4 #ahfi4 #i4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3dg4 #aj4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3hc1 #hd1 fig41 #adg4 #aa4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahia3cce4 #ab4 ,meehan's ,mon41 #d3dg4 #ahid4 #ac4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebh1 #edj1 #edc1 #edd1 #edh1 #eeb4 #ahih4 #ad4 ,ev4 ,nat4 ,fruits1 #ahih3gb4 #ae4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijj3cfj4 #af4 ,trait g54 de vit41 #f3agh4 #aijc4 ,,bull',s ,,se$l+ 7#a74 ,! ,concord is kn[n by all4 ,! mo/ widely gr[n ( ! grapes ( ?is cont95t1 x also repres5ts ! dom9ant type ( our native species & ) its (fspr+1 pure-br$ & cross-br$1 furni%es sev5ty-five p] ct4 or m ( ! grapes ( ea/]n ,am]ica4 ,9 ,new ,york1 approximately sev5ty-five p] ct4 ( all ! grapes gr[n are ,concords alone4 ,! preem95tly m]itori\s "* ( ,concord1 :i* has enabl$ x to take fir/ place 9 ,am]ican viticulture1 is ! ela/icity ( its con/itution :]eby x adapts itself to v>y+ conditions2 ?us ! ,concord is gr[n ) m or less pr(it 9 e grape-gr[+ ,/ate 9 ! ,union & to an ext5t n possible ) any o!r grape4 ,x succe$s on a great] numb] ( soils ?an any o!r v>iety4 ,9 ! ,*autauqua grape region !re are six di/9ct types ( soil ^u :i* grapes are gr[n & ! ,concord is ! lead+ grape on ea* ( !m4 ,a second "* :i* comm5ds ,concord z a comm]cial v>iety is its high degree ( fruitfulness1 z x gives l>ge crops ye> 9 & ye> out4 ,add$ to ! above po9ts ( sup]iority are h>d9ess2 ability to )/& ! ravages ( bo? diseases & insects2 comp>ative e>l9ess & !re=e c]ta9ty ( maturity 9 nor!rn regions2 fair size ( bun* & b]ry1 good color1 & an abundance ( bloom1 mak+ a mo/ h&some grape4 ,! ,concord leaves out & blossoms some:at late 9 ! spr+ & does n !re=e (t5 suff] f spr+ fro/s & ! fruit is n easily injur$ by late fro/s & hangs well on ! v9e4 ,! ,concord is n1 h[ev]1 )\t faults4 ,its quality is n high1 ! grapes lack ri*ness1 delicacy ( flavor & aroma1 & h a foxy ta/e disagreeable to _m2 on ! o!r h&1 ! fruit is sprightly & refre%+ & does n cloy ! appetite z d ri*] grapes4 ,! se$s & sk9 ( ,concord are objectionable1 ! se$s be+ l>ge & abundant & difficult to sep>ate f ! fle% & ! sk9 is t\gh & unpleasantly a/r+5t4 ,! ,concord does n keep nor %ip well z comp>$ ) grapes hav+ ,v9if]a blood & x rapidly loses flavor aft] rip5+2 ! sk9 is incl9$ to crack & ! b]ries to %ell f ! /ems aft] pick+4 ,concord is b slightly resi/ant to phyllox]a & 9 calc>e\s soils is subject to *lorosis4 ,x requires a ri* soil & ?rives be/ on a virg9 soil2 ?us1 9 ! ,*autauqua region ( ?is ,/ate1 mu* conc]n is n[ felt because ( ! fail+ v9ey>ds1 mo/ ( :i* %\ld n z yet h rea*$ _! prime4 ,:ile ,concord is gr[n 9 ! ,s\?1 x is ess5tially a nor!rn grape1 becom+ susceptible to fungi 9 s\!rn climates & suff]+ f phyllox]a 9 dry1 w>m soils4 ,concord is a table grape &1 to use an (t quot$ expression co9$ by ,horace ,greeley1 x is ! grape = ! millions4 ,x c be produc$ s *eaply t no o!r grape c compete ) x 9 ! m>kets4 ,! dom9ance ( ,concord is n :olly desirable = viticulture1 z by keep+ out bett] v>ieties1 ! consum] is prev5t$ f obta9+ grapes high 9 quality2 & by giv+ ! gr[] a feel+ ( suffici5cy 9 hav+ ?is sort1 o!r v>ieties d n receive ! consid]ation !y des]ve4 ,! v>iety is us$ some:at = mak+ r$ w9es & a :ite w9e z a base = *ampagne b x is a poor w9e grape1 z mu* sug> mu/ be add$ to atta9 ! am\nt ( alcohol necess>y = a good w9e & ! foxy ta/e is n a pleasant flavor4 ,grape juice is made almo/ entirely f ,concords & dur+ ! pa/ few ye>s _m c>loads ( grapes h be5 us$ 9 ! ,*autauqua region = ?is purpose4 ,illu/ration3 ,,concord ,! botanical *>act]s ( ,concord indicate t x is a pure-br$ ,labrusca2 ?us ! se$ ) obscure raphe & *alaza1 ! pubesc5ce on ! "u surface ( ! leaf1 ! fle% *>act]s ( ! fruit1 ! cont9u\s t5drils1 ! diaphragm1 all belong to ,vitis labrusca4 ,!re are ^?1 h[ev]1 :o ma9ta9 t x is possibly a ,labrusca-,v9if]a hybrid1 bas+ _! claim ^u ! upright /am5s1 ! *>act]s ( "s ( ! se$l+s1 & ! op9ion express$ by ,bull t a ,catawba v9e gr[+ ne> by _h f]tiliz$ ! se$ f :i* ,concord 0 rais$4 ,concord is a virile v>iety1 hav+ begott5 a great numb] ( valuable (fspr+1 bo? z pure-bre$s & z cross-bre$s4 ,to ^! x has seem+ly transmitt$ its *>act]s to a high degree4 ,! read] :o takes ! pa9s to look !m up w f9d t _m ( ^!1 ev5 ( ! pure-bre$s1 are :ite & t !y are usually ( high] quality ?an ! p>5t1 indicat+ a :ite ance/or ( ,concord 9 :i* high quality 0 possibly correlat$ ) ! light color4 ,! se$ ( a wild grape 0 plant$ 9 ! fall ( #ahdc by ,e4 ,w4 ,bull#agc ( ,concord1 ,massa*usetts1 f :i* fruit 0 borne 9 #ahdi4 ,! wild grape f :i* ! se$ came _h be5 transplant$ f beside a field f5ce to ! g>d5 9 :i* !re 0 at lea/ ano!r grape1 ! ,catawba1 & ! wild v9e 0 op5 to cross-poll9ation4 ,"o ( ^! se$l+s 0 nam$ ,concord & ! v>iety 0 exhibit$ be=e ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society 9 ! fall ( #aheb4 ,! new grape 0 introduc$ 9 ! spr+ ( #ahed by ,hovey ,co41 ( ,bo/on4 ,f ! "t ( its introduction ! gr[? ( ?is v>iety 9 popul>ity 0 ph5om5al4 ,9 #ahed1 ! ye> ( its introduction1 x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog z "o ( ! new v>ieties :i* promise well4 ,9 #aheh x 0 plac$ on ! regul> li/ ( recomm5d$ sorts :]e x has s9ce be5 reta9$4 ,husmann /ates1 9 ! w9t] ( #ahee1 t he secur$ buds at ,h]mann1 ,miss\ri1 f ,s\l>d ( ,gal5a1 ,ill9ois4 ,9 o!r words1 its culture _h spread halfway across ! cont95t 9 ! brief p]iod ( a ye>4 ,be=e #ahfj1 v9ey>ds ( ,concord _h be5 plant$ 9 ,*autauqua ,c\nty1 ?is ,/ate4 ,9 #ahfe x 0 aw>d$ a prize by ! ,am]ican ,in/itute kn[n z ! ,greeley prize1 f its donor1 ,horace ,greeley1 z ! be/ grape = g5]al cultivation4 ,v9e vigor\s to v vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 usually productive ( heavy crops4 ,canes above m$ium l5g?1 ( av]age numb]1 above mean ?ickness1 r d>k r$di%-br[n to br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to long2 diaphragm r ?ick2 pi? l>ge to m$ium2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 long1 bifid1 sometimes trifid4 ,leaf-buds m$ium to ne>ly l>ge1 %ort1 bel[ av]age ?ickness1 conical to po9t$1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves lightly t+$ on l[] side & along m>g9 ( upp] side1 prevail+ color rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 slightly glossy1 r smoo?2 l[] surface light bronze1 heavily pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes ?ree :5 pres5t1 t]m9al lobe acute2 petiol> s9us v>iable av]ag+ m$ium 9 dep? & wid?2 basal s9us usually lack+2 lat]al s9us obscure & frequ5tly not*$2 tee? %all[1 m$ium to n>r[4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season or e>li]2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t mid-season1 keeps f "o to two mon?s4 ,clu/]s r uni=m1 l>ge to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 wide1 broadly tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 m$ium to r compact2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 ?ick2 p$icel ( av]age l5g?1 ?ick1 ne>ly smoo?2 bru% int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 pale gre54 ,b]ries m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi%1 slightly glossy1 black cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 n always p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ( av]age ?ickness1 mod]ately t\gh1 slightly adh]5t to pulp1 conta9s a small am\nt ( w9e-color$ pigm5t1 some:at a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 r f9e-gra9$1 some:at t\gh & solid1 slightly foxy1 sweet at sk91 incl9$ to t>tness next ! se$s1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s r adh]5t1 "o to f\r 9 numb]1 av]age ?ree1 ne>ly l>ge1 broad1 di/9ctly not*$1 plump1 blunt1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( fair size1 slightly above c5t]1 oval1 ne>ly obscure4 ,mu/ #gj-hj4 ,,cottage4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #d3cbg1 #ccd4 #ahfh4 #b4 ,horticulturi/1 #bf3bb4 #ahga4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahgi4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3cf4 #e4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #eb3fee4 #ahic4 #f4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bec4 #ahic4 #g4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ajh4 #h4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahie3aca4 #i4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebh1 #ede1 #edg1 #eed4 #ahih4 #aj4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3afi4 #ahii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cottage ,9 v9e & fruit ,cottage greatly resembles its p>5t1 ,concord1 hav+1 h[ev]1 rem>kably l>ge1 ?ick1 lea!ry leaves well %[n 9 ! color-plate4 ,x is not$1 too1 = its /rong1 bran*+ root sy/em4 ,) good foliage & good roots x is n surpris+ t x is a vigor\s1 ?rifty gr[]--if any?+ surpass+ its p>5t 9 vigor ( gr[?4 ,! canes are s r\gh z to be almo/ sp9y indicat+1 seem+ly1 outbur/s ( gr[?-=ce4 ,! ,cottage is ( bett] quality ?an its p>5t hav+ f> less fox9ess & a ri*]1 m delicate flavor4 ,x is giv5 cr$it1 too1 ( be+ a bett] %ipp] & a bett] keep] & is f "o to two weeks e>li]4 ,its good qualities are (fset1 h[ev]1 by ! fact t x lacks 9 soil adaptability1 is comp>atively unproductive1 & rip5s unev5ly4 ,x blooms mu* e>li] ?an ,concord4 ,cottage is recomm5d$ z an e>ly grape ( ! ,concord type = ! g>d5 & a /&>d v>iety = nor!rn localities4 ,! v>iety is widely di/ribut$ 9 v>ietal v9ey>ds4 ,cottage is ano!r ( ,e4 ,w4 ,bull's se$l+s1 hav+ be5 produc$ by him f se$ ( ,concord4 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 #ahfi & 9 #ahgi x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog1 :]e x has s9ce be5 reta9$4 ,v9e vigor\s1 heal?y1 h>dy1 produces av]age crops4 ,canes (t5 r\gh & hairy1 long to m$ium1 num]\s1 ( fair ?ickness1 r d>k br[n1 nodes slightly enl>g$1 n usually flatt5$2 int]nodes int]m$iate 9 l5g?2 diaphragm ?9ni%2 pi? ( av]age size2 %oots v pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 ( mean l5g?1 usually bifid4 ,leaf-buds small to m$ium1 %ort1 ( fair ?ickness1 conical to po9t$1 op5 mod]ately e>ly4 ,"y leaves t+$ on l[] side & fa9tly at ! m>g9 ) r$1 mak+ ! prevail+ color pale gre5 ) light c>m9e t+e4 ,leaves l>ge1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 glossy1 smoo? to slightly rugose2 l[] surface t+$ ) heavy bronze1 ) "s pubesc5ce2 ve9s di/9ct2 leaf usually n lob$1 ) t]m9us acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us usually deep & wide2 tee? %all[1 wide4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 m$ium e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s "o or two weeks e>li] ?an ,concord1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s above m$ium to small1 bel[ av]age l5g?1 mod]ately broad1 cyl9drical to slightly tap]+1 sometimes s+le-%\ld]$1 r compact2 p$uncle some:at long1 int]m$iate 9 size2 p$icel %ort1 ?ick1 cov]$ ) few1 inconspicu\s1 small w>ts1 wide at po9t ( atta*m5t to b]ry2 bru% d>k r$4 ,b]ries ( av]age size1 r\ndi%1 dull black1 n glossy1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 drop badly f p$icel1 firm4 ,sk9 r ?ick1 some:at t5d]1 slightly adh]5t to pulp1 conta9s consid]able d>k purpli%-r$ pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% juicy1 t\gh1 r solid1 foxy1 agreeably sweet next ! sk91 t>t at se$s1 good to m$ium4 ,se$s sep>ate some:at readily f pulp1 num]\s1 "o to f\r1 (t5 f\r1 above m$ium 9 size1 r broad1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 blunt1 light br[n2 raphe does n %[2 *alaza r l>ge1 usually at c5t]1 irregul>ly circul>1 obscure4 ,,crevel+4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aheh3bbe4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahfj3gi4 #c4 ,horticulturi/1 #ae3ech4 #ahfj4 fig4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bg3ajc4 #ahfa4 #e4 ,horticulturi/1 #ag3ada4 #ahfb4 #f4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bi3gb4 #ahfc4 #g4 ,mead1 #ahfg3afc4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfg3de4 #i4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #d3fj4 #ahfh4 #aj4 ,d[n+1 #ahfi3ecf4 #aa4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #h3adc4 #ahgj4 #ab4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #ac3bad1 #bgi4 #ahga4 #ac4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ij4 #ad4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebh1 #edj1 #edd1 #edh1 #eed4 #ahih4 #ae4 ,ib41 #ah3cgd1 #chg1 #cie4 #ahii4 #af4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bdj4 #aijb4 ,bloom 7#b1 #c1 #e1 #ac74 ,bloomburg 7#aj74 ,,catawissa 7#e74 ,catawissa 7#b1 #f1 #ac74 ,catawissa ,bloom 7#aj74 ,columbia ,bloom 7#b1 #d74 ,columbia ,c\nty 7#aj74 ,,laura ,,bev]ly 7#i1 #ab74 ,laura ,bev]ly8 7#aj74 ,crevel+ 0 long a favorite e>ly black grape = ! g>d51 :]e1 if plant$ 9 good soil & kept well tra9$1 x produces f9e clu/]s ( l>ge1 h&some1 v good grapes ( ! ,isabella type4 ,"u any b ! be/ ( c>e1 h[ev]1 x is unproductive & sets loose1 /raggl+ bun*es4 ,! wood is s(t1 long-jo9t$1 r$di% 9 color1 ) a l>ge pi? & produc+ b few lat]als4 ,x is m>k$ly self-/]ile4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,crevel+ is unc]ta94 ,x 0 fir/ introduc$ to ! public ab\t #aheg by ,f4 ,f4 ,m]c]on ( ,catawissa1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,x is said to h be5 9 cultivation 9 ,columbia ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 "s ye>s previ\s to ! date giv54 ,! "n ,crevel+ came f a family ( t "n1 :o cultivat$ ! v>iety & may possibly h orig9at$ x4 ,x 0 plac$ ^u ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahfg & dropp$ f _! li/ 9 #ahii4 ,x is /ill widely cultivat$ 9 v>ietal v9ey>ds4 ,v9e vigor\s1 n q h>dy1 usually n v productive4 ,canes long1 above m$ium 9 numb]1 r ?ick1 d>k r$di%-br[n2 nodes slightly enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to long2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? l>ge2 %oots glabr\s2 t5drils usually cont9u\s1 long1 trifid to bifid4 ,leaf-buds r l>ge1 %ort1 ?ick1 obtuse1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves t+$ on upp] & l[] sides ) rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves bel[ m$ium to l>ge1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 dull1 slightly rugose2 l[] surface pale gre51 r pubesc5t2 ve9s some:at prom95t2 lobes usually ?ree1 sometimes obscurely five1 t]m9al lobe acute to blunt2 petiol> s9us deep to n>r[1 clos$ & sometimes ov]lapp+2 basal s9us v %all[ :5 pres5t2 lat]al s9us r %all[1 n>r[2 tee? %all[1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s sometimes on plan ( six1 /]ile1 op5 9 mid-season or e>li]2 /am5s reflex$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,crevel+ ,fruit rip5s a few days lat] ?an ,h>t=d1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s resemble ,isabella 9 g5]al appe>ance1 good size1 m$ium to long1 r broad1 irregul>ly tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$ ! %\ld] (t5 be+ connect$ to ! clu/] by a long /em1 loose2 p$uncle long1 r sl5d]1 (t5 ) a di/9ct r$di% t+e2 p$icel v>iable 9 l5g?1 ?ick1 usually ) no w>ts1 wide at po9t ( atta*m5t to b]ry2 bru% int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 ?ick1 d>k w9e-color4 ,b]ries m$ium to l>ge1 oval1 dull black1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 r firm4 ,sk9 ?ick1 t\gh1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 ) a mod]ate am\nt ( w9e-color$ pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 v /r+y1 t5d]1 co>se1 some:at foxy1 sweet at sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate r easily1 "o to five 9 numb]1 av]age two or ?ree1 above m$ium 9 size1 broad1 slightly not*$1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 blunt1 light br[n2 raphe %[s z a n>r[ groove2 *alaza ( fair size1 at c5t] or slightly above1 oval1 obscure4 ,,croton4 7,v9if]a1 ,labrusca1 ,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #e3bbc1 #bbd4 #ahfi4 fig4 #b4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an41 #ahgj3ia1 #ib4 fig4 #c4 ,horticulturi/1 #be3bge4 #ahgj4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahga3af4 #e4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3edf4 fig4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3eg4 #g4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3hg4 fig4 #h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebh1 #ede1 #edg1 #eed4 #ahih4 #i4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3db1 #ea4 #aija4 ,! ,croton is a fea/ bo? to ! eye & ! palate4 ,! accompany+ color-plate does n d x ju/ice z gr[n at its be/1 z x %[s a loose1 /raggl+ bun*1 a *>act]i/ic ( ! v>iety only :5 poorly gr[n4 ,un=tunately x has ! fault ( be+ difficult to gr[ well1 be+ adapt$ to b few soils & prov+ unfruitful1 weak 9 gr[?1 prec>i\sly t5d]1 & some:at subject to mildew & rot 9 unfavorable situations4 ,b :5 well gr[n ! cons5sus ( op9ion among viticulturi/s is t x has few sup]iors among :ite grapes4 ,x has a sweet1 delicate ,v9if]a flavor1 ) melt+ fle% :i* readily sep>ates f ! few se$s4 ,! fruit hangs on ! v9es until fro/1 & keeps well into ! w9t]4 ,! ,croton is among gre5 grapes :at its p>5t1 ! ,delaw>e1 is among r$ grapes4 ,9 spite ( its high quality x has nev] become widely di/ribut$1 fail+ utt]ly z a comm]cial v>iety1 quality c\nt+ = b little 9 grape m>kets4 ,if ?is delici\s fruit is to be sav$ to cultivation x mu/ be by ! h&s ( ! amateur4 ,croton came f ,/eph5 ,w4 ,und]hill#agd ( ,croton ,po9t1 ,new ,york1 f se$ ( ,delaw>e poll9at$ by ,*asselas de ,fonta9bleau4 ,! se$ 0 plant$ 9 ! spr+ ( #ahfc & ! v9e fruit$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahfe4 ,! grape 0 fir/ exhibit$ at ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society meet+ 9 #ahfh4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahga b 0 dropp$ 9 #ahhc1 *iefly on acc\nt ( its susceptibility to fungal diseases4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 (t5 some:at t5d]1 usually productive1 subject to disease 9 unfavorable locations4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 ?ick1 r d>k r$di%-br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 usually n flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to %ort2 diaphragm v ?ick2 pi? l>ge2 %oots glabr\s2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 long1 bifid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,croton ,leaf-buds l>ge1 prom95t1 long1 ( av]age ?ickness1 conical1 op5 late4 ,"y leaves t+$ on l[] side & at m>g9 ( upp] side ) fa9t c>m9e4 ,foliage rema9s until late 9 ! season2 leaves ( m$ium size1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 ne>ly smoo? to rugose2 l[] surface pale gre51 slightly cobwebby or hairy2 ve9s indi/9ct2 lobes five 9 numb]1 t]m9al lobe blunt to acute2 basal s9us ( av]age dep?1 r n>r[2 lat]al s9us incl9$ to deep & ne>ly n>r[2 petiol> s9us m$ium deep1 n>r[1 (t5 clos$ & ov]lapp+2 tee? incl9$ to %all[1 wide4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s 9 mid-season or lat]1 keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s n uni=m1 v l>ge to m$ium1 longi%1 r sl5d]1 irregul>ly tap]+1 (t5 ) an unusually heavy s+le %\ld]1 v loose to m$ium2 p$uncle long1 ?ick2 p$icel some:at long1 ?ick1 cov]$ ) few1 small1 inconspicu\s w>ts2 bru% int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 gre5i%4 ,b]ries irregul> 9 size av]ag+ ab\t m$ium1 r\ndi% to slightly elongat$1 light gre51 *ang+ to yell[i%-gre51 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 slightly s(t4 ,sk9 ?91 r t\gh1 adh]es v slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t4 ,fle% gre51 some:at transp>5t1 v juicy1 melt+1 v9\s1 pleasant flavor1 agreeably sweet1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate v easily f ! fle%1 "o to ?ree1 above m$ium 9 size1 slightly elongat$1 fair bread?1 not*$1 r %>ply po9t$1 light br[n2 raphe obscure2 *alaza small1 above c5t]1 irregul>ly circul> to oval1 indi/9ct4 ,,cunn+ham4 7,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,pr9ce1 #ahcj3aia4 #b4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahde3ici4 #c4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #c3hc4 #ahfa4 #d4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #c3cja4 #ahfh4 #e4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3cd1 #ge4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3hg1 #hh4 fig4 #g4 ,texas ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,feb4 #h1 #ahif3aa4 #h4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aadi1 #aaee4 #ahih4 #i4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ch1 #dc1 #de1 #df1 #ej1 #ed4 #ahii4 #aj4 ,trait g54 de vit41 #f3bfh4 #aijc4 ,long 7#d1 #f1 #g1 #i74 ,long ,no4 #b 7#i74 ,pr9ce ,edw>d 7#a74 ,! ,cunn+ham is n kn[n 9 ,new ,york & 9 fact has be5 cultivat$ b little 9 ,am]ica1 b 9 ,france at "o "t x 0 "o ( ! be/ kn[n ,am]ican grapes1 bo? z a direct produc] & z a /ock = ,european v>ieties4 ,x is n n[ l>gely gr[n 9 ,france1 h[ev]1 hav+ be5 sup]s$$ by bett] ,am]ican v>ieties = ! uses = :i* x 0 =m]ly cultivat$4 ,x 0 mu* s\ght = by ! ,fr5* z a /ock = l>ge ,v9if]a cions1 ! size ( ! v9e giv+ an opportunity = mak+ a good graft4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 ,cunn+ham is n l>gely gr[n z !re are sev]al o!r v>ieties ( its class sup]ior to x 9 quality ( fruit & 9 v9e *>act]s z well4 ,x seems ev]y:]e to h be5 an exce$+ly caprici\s gr[] & v p>ticul> z to soil & climate4 ,x is said to make a deep yell[ w9e ( v good quality4 ,x has little or no value z a table grape4 ,cunn+ham orig9at$ 9 ! g>d5 ( ,jacob ,cunn+ham ( ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 ab\t ! ye> #ahab4 ,cutt+s ( ?is v9e 7 s5t by ,dr4 ,d4 ,n4 ,norton ( ,ri*mond to ,pr9ce 9 #ahbi4 ,pr9ce introduc$ x to ! public4 ,its botanical *>act]s m>k x z an (f%oot ( ! ,h]bemont gr\p ( ,b\rqu9iana4 ,! foll[+ description is a compilation f sev]al s\rces3 ,v9e v vigor\s1 spread+1 r productive1 some:at suceptible to mildew4 ,canes l>ge & long1 ) /iff r$di% hairs at base2 %oots %[+ consid]able bloom2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 usually trifid4 ,leaves l>ge1 r ?ick1 r\ndi%1 entire or slightly lob$2 smoo? & d>k gre5 above1 yell[i%-gre5 bel[ & slightly pubesc5t2 petiol> s9us n>r[1 frequ5tly ov]lapp+4 ,clu/]s ( m$ium size1 long1 sometimes %\ld]$1 v compact2 p$uncle %ort1 /rong2 p$icel long1 sl5d]4 ,b]ries small1 purpli%-black ) ?91 grayi% bloom4 ,sk9 ?91 t\gh ) consid]able und]ly+ pigm5t4 ,fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sprightly or some:at acidly sweet4 ,se$s two to five1 r oval2 beak %ort2 *alaza di/9ct2 raphe %[+ z a ridge4 ,,cyn?iana4 7,ae/ivalis1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfc3edh4 #b4 ,husmann1 #ahff3ajc4 #c4 ,ib41 #ahff3ajd4 #d4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #aa3adi4 #ahfi4 #e4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3bj1 #bci4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,ib41 #c3b4 #ahga4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahha3bd4 #h4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3hh4 fig4 #i4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahia3abg1 #aca4 #aj4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bec4 #ahic4 #aa4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ch1 #dc1 #de1 #df1 #ej4 #ahii4 #ab4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bdf4 #aijb4 #ac4 ,trait g54 de vit41 #f3bgd4 #aijc4 ,,arkansas 7#c74 ,arkansas 7#h74 ,norton 7#ac74 ,norton ,virg9ia 7#ac74 ,norton's ,virg9ia ,se$l+ 7#ac74 ,r$ ,riv] 7#b1 #e1 #f1 #h1 #ac74 ,vitis ,nortoni 7#ac74 ,cyn?iana is ano!r s\!rn grape impossible to gr[ 9 ! ,nor? & !re=e ( b g5]al int]e/ = ?is "w4 ,!re has long be5 a heat$ controv]sy z to :e!r ?is v>iety diff]s f ,norton4 ,! botanical diff]5ces betwe5 ! two v>ieties are n great] ?an might be attribut$ to environm5t1 soil1 climate & culture2 b side by side ! two grapes rip5 at diff]5t times1 & ! quality ( ! fruit1 & m p>ticul>ly ( ! w9e1 is su* t ! v>ieties mu/ be consid]$ z di/9ct4 ,! di/9ction %\ld be ma9ta9$ = ,cyn?iana is ! bett] grape ( ! two4 ,x has be5 mu* gr[n 9 ,france = its intr9sic value & 9 ! recon/ruction ( v9ey>ds de/roy$ by phyllox]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cyn?iana ,z ! hi/ory giv5 bel[ %[s1 ! v>iety is an old "o b x1 ) ,norton1 0 condemn$ by ! e>ly v9ey>di/s because x c\ld be propagat$ f cutt+s only ) ! greate/ difficulty4 ,l mo/ ( its species1 ,cyn?iana is some:at p>ticul> z to soil & location1 pref]r+ s&y or gravelly loams & n ?riv+ on clays or lime/ones4 ,:ile v resi/ant to phyllox]a1 x is n n[ mu* us$ z a resi/ant /ock because ( ! sup]iority ( v>ieties ( ,rupe/ris & because x is n easily propagat$4 ,x is v resi/ant to cryptogamic diseases1 mildew1 black-rot & an?racnose1 & is a /rong1 vigor\s gr[]4 ,its cycle ( vegetation is long1 ! buds bur/+ =? e>ly & ! fruit matur+ v late4 ,x has no value z a table grape b accord+ to ! ,bu%b]g ,catalogue#age x is ! be/ ,am]ican grape = r$ w9e4 ,s1 too1 accord+ to ,viala1#agf ! w9e f ,cyn?iana is ! be/ ( all ! r$ w9es produc$ f ,am]ican v9es4 ,x is said by ,fr5* w9e-mak]s#agg to conta9 an excess ( all ! elem5ts :i* con/itute ! be/ ord9>y w9es1 color1 tann91 acidity1 & b\quet1 & !re=e to make a spl5did base = bl5d+ ) w9e f v>ieties lack+ 9 ! above elem5ts4 ,cyn?iana 0 receiv$1 "s "t 9 ! fifties by ,pr9ce ( ,flu%+1 ,long ,isl&1 f ,arkansas :]e x is said to h be5 f\nd gr[+ 9 ! woods4 ,x 0 s5t by ,pr9ce to ,husmann at ,h]mann1 ,miss\ri1 :]e x did s well & 0 s highly spok5 ( by ,husmann & 8 neighbors t x soon became kn[n to grape-gr[]s4 ,x 0 plac$ ^u ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahha1 :]e x /ill rema9s4 ,l ,norton1 ,cyn?iana is (t5 consid]$ pure ,ae/ivalis1 al?\gh a /ra9 ( "s o!r blood1 probably ,labrusca1 is app>5t4 ,because ( ! simil>ity ( ?is v>iety & ,norton ! "o is (t5 gr[n z ! o!r4 ,v9e vigor\s1 heal?y1 h>dy1 usually a good yield]4 ,canes m$ium to ne>ly long1 num]\s1 ( av]age size1 d>k br[n to r$di%-br[n1 sometimes ) fa9t a%-gray t+e1 surface cov]$ ) ?ick blue bloom2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort to m$ium2 diaphragm r ?92 pi? ( m$ium size2 %oots slightly glabr\s2 t5drils int]mitt5t to cont9u\s1 above m$ium 9 l5g?1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds small1 %ort1 sl5d]1 po9t$ to conical4 ,leaves v>iable 9 size1 ?ick1 firm2 upp] surface d>k gre51 dull1 rugose2 l[] surface slightly t+$ ) blue1 fa9tly pubesc5t1 cobwebby2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes v>iable 9 numb]1 t]m9al lobe acute2 petiol> s9us deep1 n>r[1 clos$ & sometimes ov]lapp+2 basal s9us %all[2 lat]al s9us r %all[ & n>r[2 tee? %all[1 ( av]age wid?2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s v late & keeps well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 r long1 int]m$iate 9 bread?1 tap]+ to cyl9drical1 n v uni=m1 (t5 s+le-%\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle above m$ium l5g?1 small2 p$icel r %ort & sl5d]1 cov]$ ) num]\s w>ts1 enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to b]ry2 bru% %ort1 ?ick1 w9e-color$4 ,b]ries small1 r\ndi%1 black1 cov]$ ) a mod]ate am\nt ( blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ?91 t\gh1 r adh]5t to ! pulp1 conta9s a slight am\nt ( purple pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% d>ki% gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 t\gh & solid1 spicy1 r t>t1 poor 9 quality z a dess]t grape4 ,se$s sep>ate ) difficulty f ! pulp1 "o to six1 av]age ?ree1 small1 ( mean bread?1 %ort1 blunt1 d>k br[n2 raphe di/9ct1 cord-l2 *alaza small1 slightly above c5t]1 circul>1 di/9ct4 ,mu/ #ih-aah4 ,,daisy4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,kan4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhf3ahg4 #b4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aj3die4 #ahia4 #c4 ,ib41 #ac3fjb4 #ahid4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aaa4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebh1 #edh1 #eed4 #ahih4 ,daisy is an unimportant se$l+ ( ,goe!4 ,! only reason = its di/ribution 0 its delicate1 spicy1 pleasant flavor4 ,x is probably n wor? p]petuat+4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,/ayman1 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 is suppos$ to h orig9at$ ,daisy f se$ ( ,goe!4 ,on acc\nt ( ! fruit *>act]s1 ,bu% que/ions ! p>5tage b z x gr[s at ?is ,/ation ! reput$ p>5tage appe>s to be q probably correct4 ,v9e int]m$iate 9 vigor1 n h>dy nor productive1 an unc]ta9 be>]4 ,t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid to sometimes trifid4 ,leaves small to m$ium1 light gre52 l[] surface slightly pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s ne>ly self-/]ile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,concord or soon aft]1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s ( m$ium size1 r loose4 ,b]ries m$ium to small1 di/9ctly oval1 some:at d>k] r$ ?an ,agawam1 cov]$ ) ?9 lilac bloom1 p]si/5t1 n firm4 ,fle% s(t & t5d]1 v9\s1 sweet1 ( pleasant flavor1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s few1 m$ium 9 l5g?1 usually ) a slightly enl>g$ neck2 *alaza above c5t]1 (t5 ) radiat+ ridges4 ,,delaw>e4 7,labrusca1 ,b\rqu9iana1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,horticulturi/1 #h3dib4 #ahec4 fig4 #b4 ,ib41 #i3ih4 #ahed4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahef3bad4 #d4 ,horticulturi/1 #ab3efb4 #aheg4 #e4 ,d[n+1 #aheg3ccf4 fig4 #f4 ,horticulturi/1 #ac3eh1 #agi4 #aheh4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #aheh3bcc4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aheh3fe4 #i4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #a3ge1 #afd4 #ahei4 #aj4 ,ib41 #b3ac1 #bf1 #aag1 #agf4 #ahfj4 #aa4 ,horticulturi/1 #af3af1 #ba1 #cc1 #aai4 #ahfa4 #ab4 ,full]1 #ahfg3bba4 #ac4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3dh4 #ad4 ,ib41 #ahgc3fd4 #ae4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhb-c3bh4 #af4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ia4 fig4 #ag4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3aci4 #ah4 ,am]4 ,g>d41 #ab3ehd4 #ahia4 #ai4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bei4 #ahic4 #bj4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ae3dcj1 #dca1 #dcb1 #dcc4 #ahif4 #ba4 ,ib41 #ag3ebh1 #edj1 #edc1 #edd1 #ede1 #edg1 #eed4 #ahih4 #bb4 ,am]4 ,g>d41 #bj3fbb4 #ahii4 #bc4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3afi4 #ahii4 #bd4 ,am]4 ,g>d41 #bb3dha4 #aija4 #be4 ,trait g54 de vit41 #f3ahf4 #aijc4 ,fr5* ,grape 7#aj1 #ad74 ,gray ,delaw>e 7#be74 ,hea? 7#e74 ,italian w9e grape 7#e1 #h1 #ac1 #ad1 #af74 ,ladies ,*oice 7#h1 #aa74 ,p[ell 7#a1 #ad74 ,r$ ,riesl+1 incorr4 7#e74 ,rose ,color$ ,delaw>e 7#be74 ,ruff 7#i1 #ad74 ,tram9]1 incorr4 7#e74 ,w9e ,grape 7#aa74 ,delaw>e is ! ,am]ican grape p> excell5ce4 ,its introduction rais$ ! /&>d ( quality 9 our viticulture to t ( ! ,old ,_w1 = !re is no v>iety ( ,vitis v9if]a m ri*ly or m delicately flavor$ or ) a m agreeable aroma ?an ! ,delaw>e4 ,?is v>iety is rightly us$ :]ev] ,am]ican grapes are gr[n z ! /&>d :]eby to gauge ! quality ( o!r grapes4 ,add$ to high quality x is end[$ ) a con/itution :i* enables x to )/& climatic conditions to :i* all b ! mo/ h>dy v>ieties w succumb1 & s ela/ic z to adapt x to _m soils & conditions1 & to be> "u mo/ situations an abundant crop4 ,all ( ?is makes x1 next to ! ,concord1 ! mo/ popul> grape = g>d51 v9ey>d & w9e-press1 n[ gr[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,z ) ! ,concord1 its introduction gave ,am]ican grape-gr[+ a great impetus & x is a "q :e!r or n1 ) its high quality1 x has n _h a m b5eficial effect on ! viticulture ( ! c\ntry ?an ! ,concord4 ,beside ! qualities nam$ above = ! ,delaw>e1 x matures suffici5tly e>ly to make its crops c]ta91 is attractive 9 appe>ance1 keeps well on ! v9e & 9 ! package1 %ips well & is m immune ?an o!r comm]cial v>ieties to black-rot4 ,its faults are3 ,! small size ( ! v9e1 sl[ness ( gr[?1 susceptibility ( ! foliage to mildew1 its caprici\sness 9 c]ta9 soils1 & ! small size ( ! b]ries4 ,! fir/ two faults make x necess>y to plant ! v9es m closely ?an o!r comm]cial v>ieties /&4 ,x succe$s be/ 9 deep1 ri*1 well-dra9$1 w>m soils b ev5 on ^! x mu/ receive good cultivation1 close prun+1 & 9 "s cases ! fruit mu/ be ?9n$4 ,x is1 too1 a necessity1 :]e mildew is abundant1 to spray ) bordeaux mixture :i* keeps ! disease well 9 *eck4 ,birds are v fond ( ?is v>iety & x suff]s 9 p>ticul> f ! depr$ations ( rob9s4 ,delaw>e is ! be/ ,am]ican table grape & z su* comm&s a premium 9 all ( ! m>kets1 sell+ (t5times = d\ble ! price ( ,concord4 ,x is also mu* s\ght = by w9e-mak]s bo? = ,delaw>e w9e & = bl5d+ 9 mak+ *ampagne or o!r w9es ( high quality4 ,x is gr[n ,nor? & ,s\? & we/w>d to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s1 & is n[ prov+ especially pr(itable 9 _m s\!rn locations z an e>ly grape to %ip to nor!rn m>kets4 ,! ,delaw>e is an especially desirable grape to cultivate 9 small g>d5s because ( its delici\s & h&some fruit1 its compact habit ( gr[?1 & :5 9 heal?1 its ample & lu/r\s gre51 delicately =m$ leaves :i* make x "o ( ! mo/ ornam5tal ( ! grapes4#agh ,delaw>e is ! p>5t ( an int]e/+ b n p>ticul>ly valuable prog5y2 none ( ! pure-br$ (fspr+ ne>ly equal ! p>5t ?\gh _m ( !m inh]it its f9e color & high quality4 ,among its cross-br$ (fspr+ are "s notable v>ieties1 all ( :i* are describ$ 9 _! prop] places 9 ?is "w4 ,an int]e/+ fact reg>d+ ! pure-br$ prog5y ( ,delaw>e is t1 s f> z we h records1 x seems to h giv5 v few black grapes ?\gh !re are (t5 :ite or rose-color$ se$l+s among !m4 ,ev5 9 its cross-br$ (fspr+1 r$1 or "s t9t ( x greatly pr$om9ates1 indicat+ p[] 9 ! transmission ( color & sugge/+ ! value ( ?is v>iety 9 bre$+ r$ grapes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,delaw>e ,! ,delaw>e grape 0 fir/ br\ght to notice by ,abram ,?ompson1 editor ( ! ,delaw>e ,gazette ( ,delaw>e1 ,ohio4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahdi he saw fruit ( ?is v>iety :i* _h be5 br\ght into t[n f "o ( ! neighbor+ f>ms4 ,an inve/igation disclos$ t ! v>iety 0 be+ rais$ on ! f>ms ( a ,mr4 ,w>=d & ( a ,mr4 ,hea?1 ne> ! banks ( ! ,scioto ,riv]1 a few miles f ! t[n ( ,delaw>e1 & t ,w>=d _h br\ght ! v>iety f ! ,/ate ( ,new ,j]sey m ?an tw5ty ye>s be=e4 ,x 0 kn[n 9 ?is neighborhood "u ! "n ( ,hea?1 or ,p[ell4 ,?ompson s5t fruit ( ! v>iety to ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+ :o gave x ! "n ,delaw>e1 aft] ! t[n f :i* ! samples _h be5 s5t4 ,?ompson also br\ght x to ! notice ( ! ,ohio ,pomological ,society 9 ! autumn ( #ahea4 ,x 0 f\nd t ! ,delaw>e v9es secur$ by ,w>=d c\ld be trac$ back to ! g>d5 ( ,paul ,h4 ,provo/1 a ,swiss ( ,fr5*t[n1 ,k+swood ,t[n%ip1 ,hunt]don ,c\nty1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,provo/1 at ?is "t1 0 dead1 & def9ite in=mation 0 v difficult to secure z to :]e he _h obta9$ 8 v9es4 ,"o acc\nt 0 t !y _h be5 receiv$ f a bro!r resid+ 9 ,italy1 & 9 def]5ce to ?is /ory1 ! v>iety 0 locally kn[n z ! ,italian w9e grape4 ,ano!r /ory 0 to ! effect t !y _h be5 br\ght to ,provo/'s place by a ,g]man :o _h be5 9 ?is c\ntry only a %ort "t b :o _h sp5t ?is int]val ) ,h>e ,p[ell ( ,philadelphia4 ,:e!r ! ,g]man secur$ ! v9es f ! ,old ,c\ntry or f ,p[ell is unc]ta94 ,!re 0 a report t !y _h be5 secur$ f ,p[ell & t he 9 turn _h receiv$ !m f ,bl& ( ,virg9ia4 ,all ( ! /ories z to h[ ! v9es came into ,provo/'s g>d5 lack support+ evid5ce & "s 7 ( ! op9ion t x _h gr[n 9 ! g>d5 z a se$l+4 ,! ,delaw>e at once attract$ great att5tion & ! horticultural j\rnals 7 full ( conflict+ acc\nts ( its hi/ory & ( w>m discussions z to its botany4 ,9 #ahef x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog z a new v>iety :i* promises well2 two ye>s lat] x 0 plac$ on ! li/ ( recomm5d$ sorts4 ,!re is /ill a diff]5ce ( op9ion z to ! botany ( ?is v>iety4 ,! !ory advanc$ by _m :5 x 0 fir/ introduc$1 t x is a pure ,v9if]a1 has be5 ab&on$4 ,mill>det & o!rs consid]$ ! ,delaw>e a hybrid betwe5 ,v9if]a1 ,labrusca1 ,c9]ea & ,ae/ivalis4 ,munson holds t x is ( ,labrusca-,b\rqu9iana orig9 ) a probable slight admixture ( ,v9if]a4 ,he fur!r /ates t he consid]s ,els9burgh probably "o ( ! p>5ts4 ,hi/orically ?is is corroborat$ by ! fact t ,els+burgh orig9at$ 9 ,new ,j]sey n f> f :]e ,provo/ liv$4 ,v9e n a /rong gr[]1 h>dy except 9 unfavorable locations1 fairly productive1 some:at subject to leaf-hopp]s & mildew4 ,canes m$ium to bel[ 9 l5g?1 num]\s1 sl5d]1 r light to m$ium d>k br[n2 nodes slightly enl>g$1 n flatt5$2 int]nodes r %ort2 diaphragm int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 pi? small2 %oots glabr\s2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 some:at %ort1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds r small1 ( av]age l5g?1 sl5d]1 po9t$ to conical1 prom95t1 op5 e>ly4 ,"y leaves t+$ on l[] side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) a fa9t gold5 hue b ! prevail+ color is light rose-c>m9e4 ,foliage n always heal?y2 leaves m$ium to small1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 upp] surface d>k gre51 dull1 smoo?i%2 l[] surface pale gre51 slightly pubesc5t2 ve9s inconspicu\s2 lobes ?ree to five 9 numb]1 t]m9al lobe acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us ( av]age dep?1 n>r[ to m$ium2 basal s9us %all[ & n>r[ :5 pres5t2 lat]al s9us mod]ately deep1 n>r[2 tee? %all[1 ( fair wid?4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 some:at late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s a few days e>li] ?an ,concord1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 ( av]age l5g?1 sl5d]1 r blunt1 (t5 cyl9drical1 regul>1 usually %\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle m$ium to %ort1 sl5d]2 p$icel %ort1 sl5d]1 smoo?2 bru% int]m$iate 9 size1 light br[n4 ,b]ries uni=m 9 size & %ape1 small to m$ium1 r\ndi%1 light r$1 cov]$ ) ?9 lilac bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ?91 mod]ately t\gh1 adh]es some:at to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% light gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 t5d]1 aromatic1 v9\s1 sprightly & refre%+1 sweet to agreeably t>t f sk9 to c5t]1 be/ 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age two1 int]m$iate 9 size1 r broad1 not*$1 %ort1 blunt1 light br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( m$ium size1 above c5t]1 circul>4 ,mu/ #ajj-aah4 ,,delawba4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 ,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahia3abf4 #b4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahia3cic4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aad1 #aae4 fig4 #d4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3db4 #aija4 ,( ,delawba we c say b little1 n hav+ v9es ( x on ! ,/ation gr\nds4 ,x is an (fspr+ ( ,delaw>e cross$ ) ,catawba1 z ! "n indicates1 & 0 introduc$ ) ! expectation t x w\ld take ! place ( "o or ! o!r or bo? ( its p>5ts4 ,h[ev]1 x has made no impress ^u ! viticulture ( ?is ,/ate ?\gh x has be5 te/$ "h & !re 9 ! sev]al grape regions dur+ ! pa/ t5 ye>s4 ,! fruit resembles ,catawba1 ?\gh n z attractive1 ! b]ries av]ag+ small]1 b x rip5s almo/ z e>ly z ,delaw>e1 a great po9t 9 its favor4 ,! v9e1 too1 is m l ,catawba ?an ! ,delaw>e1 be+ m vigor\s & productive ?an ! latt]4 ,! reports ( ?is v>iety indicate t x is v promis+ b x seems n to be mak+ headway z ei!r a fancy or a comm]cial fruit probably because ( *>act]s lack+ 9 ! fruit4 ,dr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,*i%olm ( ,spr+ ,hill1 ,t5nessee1 produc$ ! ,delawba "s "t ab\t #ahhj f se$ ( ,delaw>e f]tiliz$ by ,catawba4 ,! v>iety 0 introduc$ 9 #ahie1 aft] hav+ receiv$ high encomiums f v>i\s horticultural au?orities4 ,! foll[+ is a compil$ description3 ,v9e usually vigor\s & productive1 resembl+ ,catawba v closely1 bloom+ ) ,concord4 ,clu/] above m$ium to l>ge1 mod]ately compact1 cyl9drical or slightly tap]+1 sometimes slightly %\ld]$4 ,b]ries v>iable 9 size1 rang+ f above m$ium to bel[1 ( amb] color ) lilac bloom2 sk9 q t\gh4 ,n attractive 9 appe>ance4 ,x is self-f]tile & rip5s its b]ries ev5ly4 ,quality good to v good4 ,rip5s %ortly aft] ,delaw>e4 ,,dev]eaux4#agi 7,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #i3cgc4 #ahdc4 #b4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahec3bii4 #c4 ,horticulturi/1 #ab3deh4 #aheg4 #d4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #b3bfe4 #ahfj4 #e4 ,d[n+1 #ahfi3eca4 #f4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3ag1 #cbf4 #ahfi4 #g4 787 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aah4 #h4 ,ib41 #ahid3aaf4 #i4 787 ,texas ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,feb4 #h1 #ahif3aa4 ,,black ,,july 7#e74 ,black ,july 7#h1 #i74 ,blue ,grape 7#e1 #h1 #i74 ,dev]eux 7#e74 ,h>t 7#d1 #e1 #h74 ,husson 7#e1 #h1 #i74 ,l5oir 7#i1 incorr4 #e1 #h74 ,,l9coln 7#d1 #g74 ,l9coln 7#e18 #h1 #i74 ,mc,lean 7#d1 #e1 #h1 #i74 ,%]ry 7#e1 #h1 #i74 ,sumpt] 7#e1 #i74 ,?urmond 7#e1 #h1 #i74 ,tuley 7#e1 #h1 #i74 ,! ,dev]eaux is an old s\!rn grape n[ ne>ly obsolete because ( its caprici\sness z to location4 ,:5 x c be gr[n x is ( high quality & makes a v good w9e4 ,! v>iety is ( only hi/orical & botanical int]e/4 ,9 ,france ! ,dev]eaux 0 at "o "t consid]$ a valuable w9e grape4 ,an article 9 ! ,horticulturi/#ahj = #aheg /ates t ! ,dev]eaux 0 f\nd 9 ! woods ov] =ty ye>s be=e t date by ,samuel ,m4 ,dev]eaux1 :o liv$ ne> ,sp>ta1 ,georgia4 ,x has be5 consid]ably confus$ ) v>ieties :i* resemble x4 ,! "n ,l9coln1 9 p>ticul>1 is a que/ionable synonym :i* ,dr4 ,curtis ( ,hillsboro1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 a lett] to ! ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahfj1aha /ates 0 f\nd ne> ! junction ( ! ,s\? ,=k & ,catawba ,riv]s by ,dr4 ,william ,mc,lean4 ,x 0 kn[n locally "u ! names ( ,mc,lean & ,h>t4 ,lat] x 0 s5t to ,longwor?1 :o gave x ! "n ,l9coln4 ,! descriptions ( ?is v>iety f v>i\s s\rces are conflict+4 ,t giv5 bel[ is copi$ f ! ,bu%b]g ,catalogue4#ahb ,bun* long1 loose1 slightly %\ld]$2 b]ry black1 bel[ m$ium1 r\nd2 sk9 f9e1 t5d]2 fle% meaty1 juicy )\t pulp1 & v9\s2 quality be/4 ,v9e a /rong gr[]1 &1 :5 free f mildew1 mod]ately productive2 wood long-jo9t$1 purpli% br[n at fir/1 ( deep] purpli% r$ :5 ripe2 ) bi-=k$1 int]mitt5t t5drils--^!1 z also ! leaf /alk1 are t+$ on _! base ) a purpli% br[n hue1 l ! "y canes2 ! buds are cov]$ ) a russet d[n1 unfold+ ) t rosy complexion peculi> to ! "y1 d[ny leaves ( mo/ ,ae/ivalis4 ,! develop$ foliage is ( m$ium size1 entire 7n lob$71 consid]ably wr9kl$1 turgid1 ) some:at abundant hair tufts on ! l[] ve9s4 ,,diamond4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bf3ccf4 #ahhd4 #b4 ,ib41 #bh3ccc4 #ahhf4 #c4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhg-h3he4 #d4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhi3cbh4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3ccb4 #ahij4 #f4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3afa4 #ahia4 #g4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ej3fia1 #ghg4 #ahia4 #h4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dd3aah1 #abg4 #ahic4 #i4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ec3faf1 #fde1 fig41 #fdf4 #ahid4 #aj4 ,g>4 & ,=41 #h3if1 #cgg1 #dhg4 #ahie4 #aa4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ae3dcb1 #dcc4 #ahif4 #ab4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3age1 #agf4 #ahif4 fig4 #ac4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahig3ai4 #ad4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebi1 #ech1 #edj1 #edc1 #edd1 #edg1 #edi1 #eed4 #ahih4 #ae4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3aci4 #ahih4 #af4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ch1 #dd1 #de1 #ej4 #ahii4 #ag4 ,c4 ,hort41 #be3abe1 #aij4 #aijb4 fig4 ,,diamond1 ,moore 7#ac74 ,,moore',s ,,diamond 7#a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #i47 ,moore's ,diamond 7#ae1 #ag74 ,illu/ration3 ,,diamond ,diamond is surpass$ 9 quality & beauty by few o!r grapes4 ,:5 to its desirable fruit *>act]s are add$ its e>l9ess1 h>d9ess1 productiv5ess & vigor x is surpass$ by no o!r gre5 grape4 ,niag>a is m productive & !re=e m pr(itable 9 mo/ localities b 9 _m ess5tial *>act]s x falls %ort ( ,diamond & ! diff]5ce 9 productiv5ess is n m>k$4 ,we usually accord ,niag>a fir/ place among gre5 grapes b ,diamond rivals x = ! honor4 ,! =m] atta9$ high rank n only ?r\gh m]it b by mu* adv]tisem5t :ile ,diamond has made its way by m]it alone4 ,if we consid] ! wants ( ! amateur & ( ! w9e-mak] z well z ^? ( ! comm]cial v9ey>di/1 unque/ionably ,diamond mu/ be accord$ a high place among ! be/ all-ar\nd grapes4 ,diamond is a dilut$ hybrid betwe5 ,vitis labrusca & ,vitis v9if]a2 ! t\* ( ! exotic grape giv5 by ! ,v9if]a p>5ts has be5 j suffici5t to give x ! ri*ness 9 flavor ( ! ,old ,_w grape & n ov]come ! refre%+ sprightl9ess ( our native fox grapes4 ,x is )\t ! insipid sweetness ( ! fir/ or ! fox9ess ( ! latt]4 ,! ,v9if]a *>act]s are :olly recessive 9 v9e & foliage1 ! plant resembl+ v closely its ,am]ican p>5t1 ,concord4 ,diamond is n z highly e/eem$ z a comm]cial v>iety z x des]ves to be1 = beside be+ ( high quality ! fruit packs1 c>ries & keeps well4 ,7 x kn[n by consum]s ! dem& = x w\ld be su* t x w\ld comm& a fancy price & !reby m ?an make up = its lack 9 fruitfulness1 b ?r\gh ! un=tunate condition ( ,am]ican fruit m>kets x is1 m (t5 ?an n1 sold z ,niag>a & has n !re=e e/abli%$ ! reputation x %\ld h 9 ! m>kets4 ,diamond is 9 dem& among w9e-mak]s & especially = ! mak+ ( *ampagnes4 ,= ! amateur x has few sup]iors1 ! *ief drawback = ! small g>d5 be+ t rob9s pref] x to mo/ o!r v>ieties & greatly r$uce ! crop4 ,diamond is well e/abli%$ 9 ,canada & c be gr[n 9 z great a range ( latitude z ! ,concord4 ,! v9e is z free f ! attacks ( fungi z ! ,concord b ! fruit is a little m susceptible to cryptogamic diseases & especially to black-rot1 ?\gh n attack$ by fungi s mu* z ,niag>a4 ,! late ,jacob ,moore ( ,brighton1 ,new ,york1 orig9at$ ,diamond ab\t #ahgj f ,concord se$ f]tiliz$ by ,iona4 ,x 0 introduc$ ab\t #ahhe4 ,x has ga9$ 9 favor some:at sl[ly1 & 0 n plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog until #ahig4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive 9 mo/ locations4 ,canes m$ium to %ort1 n v num]\s1 ( av]age ?ickness1 br[ni% or ) a slight r$di% t+e2 nodes slightly enl>g$1 n flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to %ort2 diaphragm int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 pi? ( m$ium size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds small1 %ort1 po9t$ to conical1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves t+$ on l[] side & along ! edges ) r$4 ,leaves ( av]age size1 ?ick2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 ne>ly smoo?2 l[] surface light bronze1 d[ny2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes usually ?ree 9 numb]1 indi/9ct2 petiol> s9us v %all[2 tee? %all[1 ( mean wid?4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 e>ly to some:at late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit usually rip5s slightly e>li] ?an ,niag>a1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 m$ium to %ort1 r broad1 some:at blunt1 cyl9drical to slightly tap]+1 (t5 s+le-%\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 mod]ately ?ick2 p$icel %ort & ?ick1 cov]$ ) a few1 inconspicu\s w>ts1 wide at po9t ( atta*m5t to b]ry2 bru% sl5d]1 ( av]age l5g?1 pale gre54 ,b]ries above m$ium to m$ium size1 r\ndi% to /rongly ovate on acc\nt ( compactness1 gre5 ) t+e ( yell[ on rip] b]ries b less yell[ ?an ,niag>a1 glossy1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 r firm4 ,sk9 ?91 t\ghi%1 adh]es some:at to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 r transp>5t1 juicy1 t5d]1 incl9$ to melt+1 f9e-gra9$1 slightly aromatic1 sprightly1 ne>ly sweet next ! sk9 to agreeably t>t at c5t]1 quality v good4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age two or ?ree1 int]m$iate 9 size1 r broad & long1 mod]ately %>p-po9t$1 yell[i%-br[n2 raphe %[s z a n>r[ obscure groove2 *alaza small1 slightly above c5t]1 oval1 r obscure4 ,,diana4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 ,ae/ivalis87 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #aj3bdb4 #ahdd4 #b4 ,horticulturi/1 #d3bbd1 #ece4 #ahdi4 #c4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #af3bh1 #cjf1 #edf4 #ahej4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahed4 #e4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bg3f1 #bfb1 #dij1 #ebc1 #eca4 #ahfa4 #f4 ,my ,v9ey>d at ,lakeview1 #ahff3gh4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,ag4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahff3hjc1 #hha4 #h4 ,horticulturi/1 #bb3cef4 #ahfg4 #i4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #e3ae1 #big4 #ahfi4 #aj4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgc3fj4 #aa4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3cg1 #aai1 #abc1 #acf1 #aec4 #ab4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 ,pt4 #a3if4 #ahhc4 #ac4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ic4 fig4 #ad4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3edj1 #edc1 #edd1 #ede1 #edg1 #eed4 #ahih4 #ae4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3acg4 #ahih4 #af4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ch1 #dc1 #de4 #ahii4 #ag4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fa3gai1 fig41 #gbb4 #aijb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,diana ,:5 introduc$ ,diana promis$ to be ! popul> grape ( ! ,nor? & especially ( ,new ,engl&4 ,its _m good qualities w>rant$ ! high hopes ( ^? :o fir/ grew x b "t reveal$ s _m defects t ! v>iety nev] became widely di/ribut$ al?\gh few grapes surpass x1 or ev5 equal x1 9 high quality & h&some appe>ance :5 at its be/4 ,diana is a se$l+ ( ,catawba & 0 hail$ z sup]ior to its p>5t 9 quality1 appe>ance & e>l9ess4 ,x 0 ! la/ nam$ "* t especially comm5d$ x to nor!rn grape-gr[]s4 ,catawba c be gr[n 9 ,new ,york only 9 ! mo/ favor$ locations & h>dly at all 9 ,new ,engl& ev5 9 its s\!rn p>ts4 ,x fails 9 ! ,nor? because ! seasons are too %ort = ! fruit to mature4 ,diana is ab\t two weeks e>li] ?an ,catawba & x 0 !re=e ?\ght t ! (fspr+1 lack+ ! defect ( ! p>5t1 w\ld take ! rank 9 ! ,nor? t ! old] v>iety held 9 ! ,s\?4 ,diana be>s a /rong resemblance to ,catawba1 diff]+ *iefly 9 hav+ a light] color1 a delicate pale r$ or rose1 & 9 be+ less pulpy & m juicy4 ,usually ! bun*es1 too1 are m compact1 ^? ( ,catawba z gr[n 9 ! ,nor? be+ z a rule loose & sometimes /raggl+4 ,! flavor resembles t ( ,catawba b :5 well gr[n & fully ripe x is m delicate & has less ( ! wild ta/e4 ,! grapes keep exceptionally well4 ,b its great po9t ( sup]iority ov] ,catawba is its e>l9ess2 x rip5s f t5 days to a =tnight e>li]1 mak+ possible1 z said above1 its culture f> to ! nor?4 ,! defects ( ,diana are z m>k$ z its good qualities4 ,x is prec>i\sly t5d] 9 cold w9t]s & 9 regions :]e ,concord goes )\t protection ,diana mu/ be favor$4 ,! grapes rip5 unev5ly1 _m be+ gre5 :5 o!rs are mature1 & b]ries & foliage are bo? susceptible to fungi4 ,la/ly x is 9 _m localities a %y be>] & is almo/ always caprici\s4 ,dur+ ! fir/ few ye>s 9 be>+1 ! fruit ( ,diana is v imp]fect 9 flavor & defici5t 9 size1 true ( _m grapes b p>ticul>ly s ( ?is "o4 ,! be/ qualities ( ,diana are n br\ght out until ! v9es are sev5 or eight ye>s ( age4 ,p]haps no grape bett] illu/rates ! importance ( local influ5ces & ( k ( ! peculi>ities ( v>ieties ?an ,diana4 ,all grapes h _! likes & dislikes b ?is "o is caprici\s beyond mo/ o!rs4 ,x wants1 = in/ance1 comp>atively poor1 dry1 gravelly soil )\t any consid]able am\nt ( humus or nitrog54 ,on clays1 loams1 or ri* soils1 ! v9es make a rank gr[? & ! fruits are few1 late & ( poor quality4 ,s1 too1 x ne$s to be long prun$1 & to h all surplus bun*es remov$ leav+ a comp>atively small crop to mature1 & ^! %\ld hang until fro/4 ,to ! fact t ,diana is s easily influ5c$ mu/ be attribut$ ! great div]sity ( op9ion z to its wor?1 "s hold+ x to be a mo/ excell5t v>iety :ile 9 a ne>by v9ey>d x is consid]$ wor?less4 ,9 favorable situations ,diana may be expect$ to make a mo/ satisfactory grape = ! amateur & :]e x does especially well x w prove a pr(itable v>iety = ! local m>ket4 ,its spl5did keep+ qualities make x a v desirable grape = late w9t]4 ,x is ev5 bett] 9 ?is respect ?an ,catawba1 "o ( ! be/ keep]s4 ,:ile ! pulp ( ,diana has ! meaty /ructure :i* adapts x = long keep+ its pulp9ess is n objectionable z 9 "s grapes & its ?ick sk9 has a ri*1 spicy flavor4 ,w9e made f ,diana is said to be second to none f our native grapes1 equall+ or surpass+ t made f ,catawba4 ,to ,mrs4 ,diana ,crehore ( ,milton1 ,massa*usetts1 is due ! honor ( hav+ orig9at$ ,diana4 ,! v>iety 0 produc$ f se$ ( ! ,catawba op5 to cross-poll9ation1 plant$ ab\t #ahcd4 ,x 0 exhibit$ be=e ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahdc4 ,! ,pomological ,congress at _! second meet+ 9 #ahej plac$ ,diana on _! li/ z a new v>iety :i* promises well1 & 9 #ahed x 0 includ$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society li/ ( sorts recomm5d$ = g5]al cultivation4 ,! dem& = ?is grape 0 s ke5 t 9 #ahej x 0 sold = #ae a v9e4 ,! species ( ,diana is usually giv5 z ,labrusca b ! ,v9if]a-l b]ries & ! int]mitt5t t5drils indicate ,v9if]a & ! bloom on ! %oots sugge/s a /ra9 ( ei!r ,bicolor or ,ae/ivalis4 ,v9e vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 produces light to m$ium crops1 some:at susceptible to attacks ( leaf-hopp]s & fungi4 ,canes pubesc5t1 long1 ( av]age numb]1 ?ick to m$ium1 light br[n to r$di%-br[n1 cov]$ ) ?9 blue bloom2 nodes enl>g$1 slightly flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to long2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? m$ium to l>ge2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 long1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds l>ge1 ( av]age l5g?1 ?icki%1 obtuse to conical1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves color$ on l[] side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) fa9t c>m9e1 ! small] leaves usually heavily coat$ ) ?ick silv]y d[n4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge1 incl9$ to ?ick2 upp] surface v>iable 9 color rang+ f light to d>k gre51 usually r dull1 ne>ly smoo? to slightly rugose2 l[] surface pale gre51 heavily pubesc5t2 lobes v>y f ?ree to five1 t]m9al lobe acute2 petiol> s9us mod]ately deep1 wide to m$ium1 (t5 clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us %all[1 n wide2 lat]al s9us n deep1 m$ium to n>r[2 tee? %all[1 int]m$iate 9 wid?4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s e>li] ?an ,catawba1 keeps unusually well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 r broad1 tap]+ to slightly cyl9drical1 occasionally %\ld]$1 ! %\ld] be+ atta*$ to ! clu/] by a r long /em1 compact to m$ium2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 sl5d]2 p$icel above av]age l5g?1 cov]$ ) small scatt]+ w>ts2 bru% ( fair l5g?1 r sl5d]1 pale gre54 ,b]ries some:at irregul> 9 size1 above m$ium to small1 r\ndi% to slightly ovate 9 compact clu/]s1 r light r$ cov]$ ) ?9 lilac bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 v ?ick1 t\gh1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 ) b little a/r+5cy4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 t\gh1 f9e-gra9$1 v9\s1 ) a little fox9ess1 sweet at sk9 to agreeably t>t at c5t]1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s d n sep>ate readily f ! pulp unless fruit is fully ripe1 "o to ?ree1 av]age two1 int]m$iate 9 size1 bread? & l5g?1 light br[n2 raphe buri$ 9 a r wide1 %all[ groove2 *alaza l>ge1 above c5t]1 circul>1 di/9ct4 ,mu/ #hh-ij4 ,,diana ,,hamburg4 7,v9if]a1 ,labrusca1 ,ae/ivalis87 #a4 ,n4 ,y4 ,ag4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfd3ch4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #ca3aje1 #cca1 #cfd4 #ahfe4 #c4 ,?omas1 #ahfg3djc4 #d4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #b3cbh1 #cbi4 #ahfg4 fig4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,ag4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfh3bbd4 #f4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ij4 ,diana ,hamburg has long s9ce pass$ f cultivation & 0 nev] widely gr[n4 ,its p>5tage is indicat$ 9 its "n4 ,x is wor? discussion "h only because x is an illu/ration ( :at c be done 9 grape-bre$+ & because x 0 "o ( ! p>5ts ( sev]al bett] kn[n sorts *ief ( :i* is ,brighton4 ,! fruit ( ,diana ,hamburg is t ( ! ,european p>5t1 :ile ! v9e is m ne>ly t ( ,diana 9 appe>ance b q t ( ,black ,hamburg 9 con/itution1 be+ v susceptible to disease1 some:at t5d]1 unproductive 9 our climate & rip5+ its fruit late4 ,diana ,hamburg 0 ! fir/ ( ,jacob ,moore's productions1 hav+ be5 rais$ f se$ ( ,diana f]tiliz$ by poll5 ( ,black ,hamburg ab\t #ahfj4 ,x 0 fir/ exhibit$ at ! ,new ,york ,agricultural ,society meet+ 9 ,septemb]1 #ahfd4 ,= a few ye>s x attract$ "s att5tion b soon pass$ f cultivation4 ,! foll[+ description is compil$ f v>i\s s\rces3 ,v9e vigor\s :5 n diseas$2 canes %ort-jo9t$4 ,leaves ( m$ium size1 some:at concave4 ,fruit-clu/]s l>ge1 compact1 %\ld]$4 ,b]ries above m$ium1 slightly oval1 d>k r$1 t5d]1 free f pulp4 ,except 9 color1 :i* %[s a m r$di% t+e1 x v closely resembles ,black ,hamburg4 ,! v9e is t5d] & v susceptible to mildew4 ,,don ,,juan4 7,v9if]a1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,horticulturi/1 #bi3cbi4 #ahgd4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge3aad4 #c4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahge3chf4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ib4 #e4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #cf3de4 #ahia4 ,9 spite ( _m good *>act]s1 z high quality1 attractive appe>ance1 & a v9e above ! av]age 9 vigor & h>d9ess1 ,don ,juan has n become e/abli%$ 9 ,am]ican viticulture4 ,x has be5 te/$ by grape collectors = =ty ye>s & is n[ pass+ f ev5 ! collections4 ,its *ief fault 9 ?is ,/ate is t x rip5s too late4 ,don ,juan 0 orig9at$ by ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts ( ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 ov] ?irty ye>s ago f se$ ( ,iona poll9at$ by ,g5]al ,m>mora4 ,! orig9ator claim$ t ,don ,juan 0 a bett] grape ?an its p>5t1 ,iona1 b x has fall5 f> %ort ( ?is 9 ! v9ey>ds ( ! ,/ate4 ,! connection ( ! "n ) ! grape is n app>5t4 ,v9e int]m$iate 9 vigor1 appe>s h>dy & productive4 ,canes %ort1 r brittle1 slightly r\gh5$2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid4 ,leaves m$ium to ?91 n v l>ge1 light gre54 ,fruit rip5s r late1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 r broad1 %\ld]$1 /rongly tap]+1 v loose4 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 di/9ctly oval1 d>k r$1 cov]$ ) d>k lilac or slightly blue bloom1 /rongly p]si/5t1 some:at s(t4 ,fle% t5d] & ne>ly melt+1 v9\s1 resembles ,black ,hamburg some:at 9 flavor1 good 9 quality4 ,,d[n+4 7,v9if]a1 ,ae/ivalis1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an41 #ahga3gi4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge3aac4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ib4 #d4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bf3cff4 #ahhd4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ag4 #f4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3afj4 #ahia4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fai4 #ahib4 #h4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3agf4 #ahif4 #i4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3afi4 #ahii4 #aj4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,yr4 ,bk41 #aija3chh4 col4 pl4 ,,*as4 ,,d[n+ 7#a74 ,*>les ,d[n+ 7#c1 #aj74 ,,ricketts' ,,no4 #a 7#b74 ,ricketts' ,no4 #a 7#aj74 ,little kn[n 9 cultivation1 al?\gh x has be5 gr[n s9ce #ahgj & has _h ! recomm5dations ( our mo/ exp]t horticulturi/s1 ,d[n+ is well wor?y a place 9 ! g>d5 ( grape-gr[]s at lea/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,d[n+ ,its high quality1 h&some appe>ance1 & excell5ce z a keep]1 make x desirable 9 all regions :]e ! climate is suffici5tly temp]ate to all[ x to )/& ! w9t] & to develop 9 full its admirable fruit *>act]s4 ,add$ to ! above qualities are fair vigor & heal? ( v9e1 :ile ) its defects mu/ be m5tion$ late rip5+ & susceptibility to mildew 9 unfavorable seasons4 ,:5 gr[n 9 mo/ p>ts ( ,new ,york ! v9e ( ,d[n+ %\ld be laid d[n 9 ! w9t] or receive o!r protection4 ,9 mo/ seasons1 too1 unremitt+ w>f>e mu/ be kept up ) bordeaux mixture to *eck mildew4 ,9 appe>ance ( bun* & b]ry ,d[n+ is "o ( ! mo/ di/9ct ( our v>ieties1 ! clu/]s be+ l>ge & well =m$ & ! b]ries hav+ ! long oval %ape ( a ,malaga ) a delicate light bloom4 ,! fle%1 too1 %[s ,vitis v9if]a 9 texture z well z quality :ile nei!r se$s nor sk9s are z objectionable z 9 ! be/ ( our pure-br$ ,am]ican v>ieties4 ,few amateurs realize ! ri*ness ( our cultivat$ grape-flora or ! g>d5 w\ld be suppli$ by o!r v>ieties ?an ,concord1 ,niag>a & ,delaw>e & ( ^! ,d[n+ w\ld be "o4 ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts ( ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 orig9at$ ,d[n+ "s "t ab\t #ahfe4 ,x is "o ( ! fir/ ( ,ricketts' hybrids & 0 fir/ kn[n z ,ricketts' ,no4 #a4 ,! p>5tage is v>i\sly giv5 z ,isabella f]tiliz$ by ,muscat ,hamburg1 ,croton f]tiliz$ by ,black ,hamburg1 & ,israella f]tiliz$ by ,muscat ,hamburg4#ahc ,! la/ comb9ation is t giv5 by ,j4 ,g4 ,burr[s ( ,fi%kill1 ,new ,york1 :o 0 connect$ ) ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts 9 8 "w & :o introduc$ ,d[n+ 9 #ahhc2 h5ce x is probably correct4 ,ricketts ?\ght highly ( ?is v>iety & gave x ! "n ( ,am]ica's great pomologi/1 ,*>les ,d[n+4 ,v9e v>iable 9 vigor1 usually w9t]-kills some:at1 n v productive1 especially :]e x w9t]-kills4 ,canes %ort1 few1 r sl5d]1 ne>ly d>k gre5 to slightly a%-gray t+e1 surface cov]$ ) ?9 blue bloom1 (t5 r\gh5$ ) few small w>ts2 nodes mu* enl>g$1 /rongly flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to %ort2 diaphragm r ?ick2 pi? l>ge to m$ium2 %oots glabr\s2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 ( av]age l5g?1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds int]m$iate 9 size & ?ickness1 %ort1 obtuse to ne>ly conical1 op5 v late4 ,leaves m$ium to small1 r\ndi%1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 slightly glossy1 rugose2 l[] surface r deep gre5 ) almo/ no pubesc5ce2 ve9s some:at di/9ct2 lobes none to five1 t]m9al lobe acute2 petiol> s9us ( m$ium dep?1 v n>r[1 clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us usually lack+ b %all[ & n>r[ :5 pres5t2 lat]al s9us %all[ to m$ium1 n>r[2 tee? above av]age 9 wid? & dep?4 ,fl[]s op5 late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s a little lat] ?an ,concord1 (t5 keeps until spr+4 ,clu/]s l>ge1 long1 r sl5d]1 cyl9drical to slightly tap]+1 uni=m1 sometimes loosely %\ld]$1 v>iable 9 compactness2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 incl9$ to ?ick2 p$icel int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) num]\s w>ts2 bru% long1 sl5d]1 gre5i%4 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 di/9ctly oval1 d>k purpli%-black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) light blue bloom1 /rongly p]si/5t1 almo/ firm4 ,sk9 v ?ick1 t5d]1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s almo/ no pigm5t1 )\t a/r+5cy4 ,fle% gre5i% or ) slight yell[ t+e1 transluc5t1 v juicy1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 v9\s1 mild1 v good 9 quality4 ,! few se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to ?ree1 av]age two1 int]m$iate 9 size & bread?1 /rongly not*$1 r long1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( mean size1 surface frequ5tly r\gh5$1 above c5t]1 circul> to oval1 v>iable 9 di/9ctness4 ,,dracut ,,amb]4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahei3dh1 #ff4 #b4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #c3bf4 #ahfa4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahhc3bf4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fbj4 #ahib4 #e4 ,i[a ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic3afa4 #f4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aag4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3edh1 #eed4 #ahih4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahii3bh4 ,e>ly ,amb] 7#f74 ,dracut ,amb] receives ! att5tion giv5 x "h *iefly because x is a repres5tative v>iety ( ! nor!rn ,labrusca & ( ! r$ type ( ,labrusca4 ,! fruit has no p>ticul> m]it1 its ?ick sk91 co>se pulp1 se$s & rank foxy ta/e all be+ objectionable4 ,b ! v9e is v h>dy & productive1 & ! fruit rip5s e>ly mak+ x valuable 9 ! nor!rn limits ( viticulture & 9 o!r locations :]e a vigor\s1 h>dy e>ly grape is want$4 ,x is ( no value = ! m>ket or = w9e-mak+ & !re=e ( use only = ! home 9 ! f> ,nor?1 ?\gh ! fact t x does n keep well is /ill fur!r aga9/ x = ?is purpose4 ,! v>iety is ( int]e/ to ! bre$] :o desires a r$ ,labrusca ( ! nor!rn type4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dracut ,,amb] ,asa ,clem5t ( ,dracut1 ,massa*usetts1 orig9at$ ,dracut ,amb] f se$ ( a native r$di% ,labrusca t grew ne> a ,catawba v9e4 ,! se$ 0 plant$ ab\t #ahee & ,mr4 ,clem5t call$ ! result+ v9e ! ,amb] grape4 ,lat] ! new v>iety 0 introduc$ by ,jacob ,w4 ,mann+ "u ! "n ,dracut ,amb]4 ,catawba is suppos$ by ,clem5t to h be5 ! male p>5t1 b ?is is :olly conjectural & d\btful z ! botanical & horticultural *>act]s are ^? ( a nor!rn ,labrusca4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahhc & 0 dropp$1 probably inadv]t5tly1 9 #ahig1 z x 0 replac$ 9 #ahii & has s9ce rema9$4 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive1 some:at susceptible to attacks ( leaf-hopp]s4 ,canes long1 r num]\s1 m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 d>ki%-br[n2 nodes slightly enl>g$1 usually flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to bel[ 9 l5g?2 diaphragm ( av]age ?ickness2 pi? above m$ium size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 long1 bifid to sometimes trifid4 ,leaf-buds decid$ly v>iable 9 size1 l5g?1 & ?ickness1 prom95t1 obtuse to conical4 ,"y leaves t+$ on l[] side ) bright c>m9e & v /rongly color$ along m>g9 ( upp] side ) c>m9e4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 r ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 dull1 smoo?i%2 l[] surface pale gre5 or grayi%1 fa9tly cobwebby2 ve9s indi/9ct2 lobes ?ree or sometimes five 9 numb] ) t]m9al lobe obtuse to acute2 petiol> s9us mod]ately deep1 r n>r[ to m$ium2 basal s9us %all[ to n>r[2 lat]al s9us usually %all[1 m$ium to r wide2 tee? %all[1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s sometimes on plan ( six1 slightly /]ile to f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s v>iable 9 l5g?4 ,fruit rip5s e>li] ?an ,concord1 does n keep well1 z ! b]ries soon %rivel4 ,clu/]s n especially satisfactory 9 g5]al appe>ance1 v>iable 9 size1 %ort to m$ium1 r broad1 some:at cyl9drical1 irregul>1 r>ely %\ld]$1 compact to m$ium2 p$uncle %ort1 sl5d]2 p$icel ne>ly %ort1 ( av]age ?ickness1 cov]$ ) num]\s w>ts1 enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to b]ry2 bru% r long1 light yell[i%-gre54 ,b]ries m$ium to l>ge1 v>iable 9 %ape rang+ f oval to r\ndi%1 dull pale r$ or d>k amb]1 cov]$ ) ?9 lilac or fa9t blue bloom1 (t5 incl9$ to drop :5 ov]ripe1 s(t4 ,sk9 unusually ?ick1 some:at t5d]1 adh]es slightly to pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 juicy1 r f9e-gra9$ & t\gh1 v foxy1 mod]ately sweet to decid$ly acid at c5t]1 inf]ior 9 quality4 ,se$s adh]5t1 two to five 9 numb] av]ag+ ?ree1 l>ge to bel[ m$ium1 broad to m$ium1 light br[n2 raphe %[s only z a groove2 *alaza int]m$iate 9 size1 oval1 above c5t]1 r di/9ct & 9 a depression4 ,,dut*ess4#ahd 7,v9if]a1 ,labrusca1 ,b\rqu9iana8 ,ae/ivalis87 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgg3cf4 #b4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bb3agf4 #ahhj4 #c4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhj3bci4 #d4 ,d[n+1 #ahha3aff app4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahha3bd4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3abd4 #g4 ,ib41 #ahhe3ajc1 #ajg4 #h4 ,kan4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahia3abf4 #i4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ad3hg4 #ahij4 #aj4 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aj3i4 #ahij4 #aa4 ,g>4 & ,=41 #e3eab4 #ahib4 #ab4 ,c4 ,hort41 #ag3bec1 #bfg4 #ahid4 #ac4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aag1 #aah4 fig4 #ad4 ,husmann1 #ahie3cb1 #ie1 #ajb4 #ae4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3agf1 #aie4 #ahif4 #af4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ae3dcb4 #ahif4 #ag4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebi1 #ech1 #eda1 #edd1 #edh1 #edi1 #eeb4 #ahih4 #ah4 ,miss4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3ab4 #ahii4 #ai4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ch1 #dc1 #de1 #df1 #gf4 #ahii4 #bj4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #dd3ia4 #ahii4 #ba4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijj3cfe4 ,dut*ess is a v>iety = ! amateur1 always to be s\ght = because ( its delici\s flavor1 its h&some appe>ance1 & its long-keep+ qualities4 ,x has nev] be5 l>gely gr[n 9 comm]cial v9ey>ds because ! v9e is t5d] to cold & caprici\s z to soil & o!r conditions4 ,moreov] ! b]ries d n rip5 q ev5ly & b]ries & foliage are v susceptible to fungi4 ,9 soils to :i* x is n adapt$ b]ries & bun*es are small & ! latt] are loose & /raggl+4 ,b 9 spite ( its defects ,dut*ess %\ld n be disc>d$ by ! grape-lov] = !re are few grapes bett] = ! table & t w take its place z a pure-flavor$1 refre%+1 juicy grape4 ,x is sweet & ri* & yet does n cloy ! appetite2 ! fle% is transluc5t1 sp>kl+1 f9e-gra9$ & t5d]2 ! se$s are small1 few & "p readily f ! pulp2 ! sk9 is ?9 yet t\gh en\gh = good keep+ b n s mu* s z to be objectionable 9 eat+4 ,! bun*es are l>ge & compact :5 well gr[n & ! b]ries1 ?\gh b m$ium siz$1 are attractive because ( _! transluc5cy1 ! t\* ( amb] :5 fully ripe1 & ! di/9ctive dots s well %[n 9 ! color-plate4 ,dut*ess does n want an extremely ri* soil nor close prun+ & ! bun*es %\ld be ?9n$ & z soon z ripe ought to be pick$ z !re is a t5d5cy to crack :5 ov]ripe or expos$ to ! wet4 ,dut*ess is self-f]tile & !re=e desirable :]e only a few v9es are want$1 obviat+ ! tr\ble ( mix$ plant+ = cross-poll9ation4 ,! clu/]s are especially f9e :5 bagg$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,dut*ess ,dut*ess is ano!r v>iety f ,a4 ,j4 ,caywood#ahe ( ,m>lboro1 ,new ,york1 f se$ ( a :ite ,concord se$l+ poll9at$ by mix$ poll5 ( ,delaw>e & ,walt] plant$ 9 #ahfh4 ,! :ite fruit$ mat]nal v9e 0 an (fspr+ ( ,concord poll9at$ by ,montgom]y4 ,dut*ess 0 introduc$ by its orig9ator ab\t #ahhj4 ,! v>iety 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahha :]e x has s9ce be5 reta9$4 ,v9e vigor\s to weak1 dep5d+ ^u am\nt ( w9t] injury1 (t5 n h>dy1 an unc]ta9 be>]1 susceptible to mildew 9 "s localities4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g? & numb]1 m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 mod]ately d>k br[n1 cov]$ ) a slight am\nt ( bloom1 surface usually some:at r\gh5$2 nodes slightly enl>g$ & flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort to v %ort2 diaphragm unusually ?ick2 pi? bel[ av]age size2 %oots slightly pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 %ort1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds l>ge to m$ium1 %ort1 ?ick to m$ium1 conical to obtuse4 ,"y leaves fa9tly t+$ on l[] side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) light rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves above m$ium to bel[1 irregul> 9 outl9e1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface light gre51 slightly glossy1 mod]ately smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 pubesc5t2 ve9s n di/9ct2 leaf usually n lob$1 ) t]m9us slightly acute2 petiol> s9us ( av]age dep?1 m$ium to n>r[2 basal s9us %all[ :5 pres5t2 lat]al s9us v>ies f m$ium 9 dep? to a m]e not*2 tee? int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?4 ,fl[]s f]tile or ne>ly s1 op5 some:at late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s 9 mid-season1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to m$ium1 long1 r sl5d]1 bel[ av]age wid?1 n v uni=m1 slightly tap]+ to cyl9drical1 ) prom95t s+le %\ld]1 m$ium to compact2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 n v ?ick2 p$icel inf]ior 9 l5g?1 q sl5d]1 ne>ly smoo?1 enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% amb]-color$4 ,b]ries ( m$ium size1 r\ndi% to oval1 pale yell[i%-gre5 v]g+ on amb]1 "s b]ries %[+ a decid$ bronze t+e1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 spr9kl$ ) small d>k dots1 r ?91 t\gh1 adh]es to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 )\t a/r+5cy4 ,fle% v pale gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 v9\s1 sweet1 ( pleasant flavor1 quality high2 on heavy clay soils ! quality is n fully develop$4 ,! se$s1 :i* are t5d] & easily cru%$1 sep>ate readily f ! pulp1 "o to two or occasionally ?ree1 r small1 wide1 %ort to m$ium1 plump1 mod]ately %>p-po9t$1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( av]age size1 r\ndi%1 above c5t]1 di/9ct4 ,,e>ly ,,daisy4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,pa4 ,/a4 ,rpt41 #ahib3aba4 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aai4 #c4 ,am]4 ,g>d41 #ae3cib1 #dde4 #ahid4 #d4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijd3bbh4 #e4 ,c4 ,c54 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt41 #aije3ajg1 #ajh4 ,! v>iety has be5 tri$ ?or\ghly 9 v>i\s grape regions & ?\gh x seem+ly has no s]i\s faults1 on ! o!r h& its good qualities are n su* z to make x m ?an commonplace4 ,its e>l9ess ought to comm5d x some:at z ! rip5+ p]iod is eight or t5 days e>li] ?an ,*ampion or ,moore ,e>ly1 mak+ x "o ( ! v e>lie/ v>ieties4 ,= a grape matur+ at its season x bo? keeps & %ips well4 ,x w\ld seem to be z desirable1 or m s1 ?an ,h>t=d or ,*ampion4 ,e>ly ,daisy 0 orig9at$ by ,mr4 ,john ,kready ( ,m\nt ,joy1 ,p5nsylvania1 9 #ahgd1 z a *ance se$l+ 9 8 g>d54 ,x is suppos$ by _m1 f its g5]al *>act]s1 to be a se$l+ ( ,h>t=d4 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 produces fair crops4 ,t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid4 ,leaves m$ium to small1 light gre52 l[] surface slightly pubesc5t1 cobwebby4 ,fl[]s ne>ly /]ile4 ,fruit rip5s z e>ly or e>li] ?an ,h>t=d & is a good %ipp] & keep] = an e>ly grape4 ,clu/]s small to m$ium1 (t5 blunt at ends1 slightly cyl9drical1 sometimes s+le-%\ld]$1 compact4 ,b]ries ( m$ium size1 r\ndi%1 r dull black1 cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 t\gh1 conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( purpli%-r$ pigm5t4 ,fle% t\gh1 solid1 slightly aromatic1 r t>t at sk9 to acid at c5t]1 inf]ior 9 flavor & quality4 ,se$s num]\s1 ( av]age size4 ,n good en\gh = dess]t purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,ohio ,,e>ly ,,dawn4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 ,ae/ivalis47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge3fg4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahha3dc4 #c4 ,d[n+1 #ahha3aff1 app4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3id4 #e4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #cj3ajh4 #ahic4 ,e>ly ,dawn is a black ,labrusca-,v9if]a hybrid ( f9e quality & attractive appe>ance b s lack+ 9 necess>y v9e *>act]s 9 ,new ,york z to be practically wor?less4 ,al?\gh x orig9at$ 9 ,new ,york x 0 nev] widely gr[n 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,x is n[1 s f> z records %[1 ne>ly obsolete4 ,dr4 ,wm4 ,a4 ,m4 ,culb]t ( ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 is ! orig9ator ( ,e>ly ,dawn1 ! date ( its orig9 be+ "s "t ab\t #ahgj4 ,x is report$ to h come f se$ ( ,israella f]tiliz$ by ,black ,hamburg4 ,v9e a fair to /rong gr[]1 n v h>dy1 m$ium to v productive4 ,canes r long1 cov]$ ) ?9 blue bloom2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves m$ium to small2 l[] surface v pubesc5t & slightly hairy4 ,fl[]s /]ile or ne>ly s1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t two weeks e>li] ?an ,concord1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 ne>ly cyl9drical1 irregul> 9 outl9e1 v>y f n %\ld]$ to a heavy s+le %\ld] or sometimes ) a d\ble %\ld]1 m$ium 9 compactness4 ,b]ries r small1 r\ndi%1 attractive purpli%-black1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,fle% v juicy1 t5d]1 slightly v9\s1 sprightly1 agreeably t>t1 v>iable 9 flavor & quality1 rang+ f fair to v good4 ,se$s n num]\s1 broad1 plump4 ,,e>ly ,,ohio4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,an4 ,hort41 #ahib3agf4 #b4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ab3fai4 #ahic4 #c4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ec3fde4 #ahid4 fig4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aai1 #abj4 fig4 #e4 ,wis4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ac3bbf4 #ahif4 fig4 #f4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ef3fbg1 fig41 #fcj1 #hbc4 #ahig4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebi1 #edh1 #eed4 #ahih4 ,e>ly ,ohio is rem>kable1 *iefly1 9 be+ "o ( ! e>lie/ comm]cial grapes4 ,! fruit resembles t ( ,concord1 ( :i* x is probably a se$l+4 ,! claims made = ?is v>iety t x is h>dy1 vigor\s & productive1 h n be5 borne out on ! ,/ation gr\nds2 b on ! contr>y ! v9e is some:at t5d]1 is n a /rong gr[]1 & does n be> l>ge crops4 ,! quality is v poor4 ,n[ t ! ,s\? is s5d+ _m grapes ( high quality to nor!rn m>kets at ! "t ,e>ly ,ohio & o!r grapes ( its season are rip5+ x is d\btful if a grape hav+ only e>l9ess to comm5d x %\ld h a place 9 our viticulture4 ,not)/&+ its defects ,e>ly ,ohio is gr[n some:at commonly 9 ,new ,york ?\gh its culture is on ! wane4 ,! orig9al se$l+ ( ,e>ly ,ohio 0 f\nd 9 ! ye> #ahhb 9 ! v9ey>d ( ,r4 ,a4 ,hunt1 at ,euclid1 ,ohio1 betwe5 r[s ( ,delaw>e & ,concord4 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 #ahib by ! ,c4 ,s4 ,curtice ,company1 ( ,portl&1 ,new ,york4 ,v9e m$ium to weak1 (t5 t5d]1 usually produces m$ium crops4 ,canes %ort to v %ort1 few 9 numb]1 r sl5d]1 br[ni% ) a slight r$di% t+e2 nodes some:at enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? int]m$iate 9 size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 usually %ort1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds r small & %ort1 incl9$ to sl5d]1 po9t$ to conical1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves lightly t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves int]m$iate 9 size1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 smoo?i%2 l[] surface v>ies f pale gre5 to slight bronze1 pubesc5t2 ve9s fairly di/9ct2 lobes v>y f none to ?ree1 ) t]m9al lobe acute2 petiol> s9us m$ium to %all[1 r wide2 basal s9us usually abs5t2 lat]al s9us ne>ly %all[1 wide to r n>r[2 tee? %all[ to sometimes m$ium1 some:at n>r[4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s two or ?ree weeks e>li] ?an ,concord1 "s seasons a few days e>li] ?an ,moore ,e>ly1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s m$ium 9 size1 int]m$iate to long1 bel[ av]age 9 ?ickness1 tap]+1 frequ5tly n %\ld]$1 mod]ately compact2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 ( fair ?ickness2 p$icel int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 m$ium to r sl5d]1 cov]$ ) few1 small w>ts2 bru% above av]age l5g?1 sl5d]1 t+$ ) r$4 ,b]ries n v uni=m 9 size1 av]ag+ m$ium1 r\ndi%1 purpli%-black1 slightly glossy1 cov]$ ) r heavy blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness & t\ghness1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s a mod]ate am\nt ( r$di% pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 juicy1 some:at t\gh1 slightly aromatic1 sweet at sk9 b slightly acid at c5t]1 inf]ior 9 quality4 ,se$s d n sep>ate easily unless fully ripe1 "o to f\r1 av]age ?ree1 int]m$iate 9 size1 l5g?1 & bread?1 not*$1 light br[n ) yell[i%-br[n tips2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( fair size1 slightly above c5t]1 circul> to oval1 r obscure4 ,,e>ly ,,victor4 7,labrusca1 ,b\rqu9iana87 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgg3dd4 #b4 ,d[n+1 #ahha3aff1 app4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3cd4 #d4 ,n4 ,j4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3ac4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3if4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahhc3bf4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ajc1 #aje4 #h4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #de3fbb1 #fec4 #ahhf4 #i4 ,kan4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhf3ahg4 #aj4 ,c4 ,hort41 #aa3bhg4 #ahhh4 #aa4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhi3cfa1 #cgc4 #ab4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #cf3dj4 #ahia4 #ac4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aba4 #ad4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agj4 #ahii4 #ae4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ah3cie4 #ahii4 #af4 ,c4 ,hort41 #bc3bag4 #aijj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,e>ly ,,victor ,e>ly ,victor is especially wor?y ( notice because x is highe/ 9 quality ( ! v e>ly black grapes4 ,:5 "o ta/es ?is v>iety at ! beg9n+ ( ! grape season1 he has no palate = ,h>t=d1 ,*ampion1 ,ives1 ,janesville1 or ev5 ,moore ,e>ly1 & he w be consci\s ( defects 9 ! flavor ( _m ( ! lat] grapes :i* are suppos$ to h high quality4 ,e>ly ,victor is especially pleas+ to ^? :o want a pure-flavor$ grape & object to ! fox9ess ( our native v>ieties s m>k$ 9 ,h>t=d & ,*ampion b almo/ :olly lack+ 9 ?is v>iety4 ,7 x b a few days e>li] & bun* & b]ry a little l>g] & m attractive1 ,e>ly ,victor might be ! grape p> excell5ce = home & m>ket to beg9 ! grape season4 ,! v9es are h>dy1 heal?y1 vigor\s1 & productive1 ) gr[? & foliage greatly resembl+ ,h>t=d1 :i* is probably "o ( its p>5ts1 ,delaw>e be+ ! o!r4 ,! bun*es are small & compact & some:at v>iable 9 %ape2 ! b]ries are ab\t ! size & %ape ( ^? ( ,delaw>e4 ,its season is t ( ,moore ,e>ly & ,h>t=d1 or a little lat]1 ?\gh1 l _m black grapes1 x colors be=e x is ripe & is (t5 pick$ mu* too gre54 ,un=tunately ! fruit is susceptible to black-rot & a little incl9$ to %rivel aft] rip5+4 ,al?\gh introduc$ into ,am]ican viticulture 9 #ahha1 ,e>ly ,victor is /ill little kn[n & des]ves f> m g5]al recognition bo? by ! amateur & ! comm]cial grape-gr[]4 ,john ,burr1#ahf ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 orig9at$ ,e>ly ,victor ab\t #ahga & s5t x out = te/+ 9 #ahha4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahhc & is /ill reta9$4 ,e>ly ,victor is said to be a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e poll9at$ by ,h>t=d4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is m]e surmise1 z no?+ is kn[n positively z to its p>5tage1 & ! /atem5t 0 made frequ5tly by ! ,kansas ,horticultural ,society1 ( :i* ,burr 0 a memb]1 t x 0 a se$l+ ( ,concord4 ,x 0 introduc$1 probably ab\t #ahhg1 by ,/ayman ,black ( ,leav5wor?4 ,v9e vigor\s1 heal?y1 h>dy1 productive4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 r sl5d]1 d>k br[n to slightly r$di%-br[n1 surface pubesc5t2 nodes enl>g$1 usually n flatt5$2 int]nodes long to m$ium2 diaphragm ne>ly ?92 pi? int]m$iate 9 size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 ( av]age l5g?1 bifid to sometimes trifid4 ,leaf-buds ( av]age size1 %ort to m$ium1 r ?ick1 (t5 /rongly compress$1 ne>ly obtuse to conical1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves t+$ lightly on upp] & l[] sides ) rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves m$ium to above 9 size1 r ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 mod]ately smoo?2 l[] surface ne>ly :iti%1 heavily pubesc5t2 ve9s well def9$2 lobes ?ree to five 9 numb]1 t]m9al lobe acute2 petiol> s9us int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?2 basal s9us %all[ & mod]ately wide :5 pres5t2 lat]al s9us m$ium to above 9 dep?1 n>r[ to m$ium 9 wid?2 tee? ( av]age dep? & wid?4 ,fl[]s ne>ly f]tile to some:at /]ile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,moore ,e>ly or a little lat]1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 bel[ av]age l5g?1 v>iable 9 %ape1 cyl9drical to tap]+1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle int]m$iate 9 l5g? & ?ickness2 p$icel m$ium to %ort1 cov]$ ) num]\s small w>ts2 bru% w9e-color$ or p9ki%-r$4 ,b]ries small to m$ium1 r\ndi% to slightly oblate1 d>k purpli%-black1 r dull1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 n v firm4 ,sk9 r ?91 m$ium to t\gh1 adh]es b slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s mu* r$ pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%-:ite1 ne>ly opaque1 f9e-gra9$1 ( m$ium t\ghness1 aromatic1 slightly v9\s1 n foxy1 sweet at sk9 b slightly acid at c5t]1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s d n sep>ate easily f ! pulp unless ! fruit is ?or\ghly ripe1 "o to f\r1 av]age ?ree1 ( m$ium size1 broad1 not*$1 bel[ mean l5g?1 usually some:at blunt1 d>k br[n2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( fair size1 slightly above c5t]1 circul>1 some:at obscure4 ,,eaton4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgi3afa4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahhj3bca4 #c4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bg3cce4 #ahhe4 #d4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3fcc4 #e4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #dh3fci1 #fda4 #ahhi4 fig4 #f4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3cbf4 #ahij4 #g4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #cf3db4 #ahia4 #h4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bed4 #ahic4 #i4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3abc4 #aj4 ,mass4 ,hat* ,/a4 ,bul41 #cg3aa1 #ad4 #ahif4 #aa4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebi1 #edh1 #eeb1 #eei4 #ahih4 #ab4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ci1 #db1 #dd1 #de1 #ej1 #ed1 #gf4 #ahii4 ,,eaton',s ,,se$l+ 7#a1 #b74 ,illu/ration3 ,,eaton ,eaton is a pure-br$ se$l+ ( ,concord :i* x surpasses 9 appe>ance b does n equal 9 flavor4 ,9 appe>ance ( bun* x is "o ( ! h&some/ ( our native grapes b z a table grape x ranks l[4 ,its fle% is t\gh & /r+y &1 ?\gh sweet at ! sk91 is acid at ! se$s4 ,x has ! same fox9ess t *>act]izes ,concord b ) m juice & less ri*ness ?an its p>5t s t x is well describ$ z a dilut$ ,concord4 ,! sk9 is v simil> to t ( ,concord1 nei!r ?ick] nor ?9n]1 & ! fruit packs1 %ips & keeps ab\t ! same1 ?\gh if any ?+ less well because ( ! great] am\nt ( juice4 ,! season is a few days e>li] ?an ,concord4 ,! v9e is heal?y1 vigor\s1 h>dy & productive & v simil> 9 all botanical *>act]s to its p>5t4 ,! grapes rip5 unev5ly1 ! fl[]s are self-/]ile & 9 "s locations x is a %y be>]4 ,eaton has be5 gr[n = ne>ly =ty ye>s & has n f\nd favor ) ei!r ! gr[] or ! consum] & is be+ less & less gr[n1 rema9+ 9 our viticulture only z a h&some exhibition grape & an int]e/+ se$l+ ( ,concord4 ,?is mammo? ,concord1 ! ,eaton1 orig9at$ ) ,calv9 ,eaton ( ,concord1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ab\t #ahfh f se$ ( ,concord4 ,mr4 ,eaton /ates t ?is 0 ! be/ v9e out ( a lot ( two ?\s& se$l+s4 ,! new v>iety 0 pur*as$ by ,john ,b4 ,moore ,son ( ,concord1 ,massa*usetts1 9 #ahhb1 & 0 introduc$ by !m 9 #ahhe4 ,ow+ to ,mr4 ,moore's dea? x soon pass$ into ! h&s ( ! ,t4 ,s4 ,hubb>d ,company1 ( ,fr$onia1 ,new ,york4 ,x at once attract$ mu* att5tion on acc\nt ( its f9e appe>ance & = a "t 0 v popul>1 its popul>ity decl9+ *iefly because ( ! poor quality ( ! fruit4 ,v9e vigor\s1 heal?y1 h>dy1 usually productive4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g? & numb]1 ?ick to m$ium1 light br[n *ang+ to d>k] br[n at ! nodes1 cov]$ ) a small am\nt ( blue bloom2 nodes enl>g$1 slightly flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort to m$ium2 diaphragm ( av]age ?ickness2 pi? l>ge to m$ium2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 r long1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 %ort1 ( ne>ly mean ?ickness1 conical to po9t$1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves lightly t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) c>m9e4 ,leaves heal?y1 l>ge1 (t5 r\ndi%1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 ( av]age smoo?ness2 l[] surface t+$ ) bronze1 heavily pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes ?ree :5 pres5t1 ) t]m9al lobe acute2 petiol> s9us m$ium to %all[1 r wide2 basal s9us usually lack+2 lat]al s9us %all[1 n>r[1 (t5 not*$2 tee? %all[ to m$ium1 n v wide4 ,fl[]s p>tly f]tile to some:at /]ile1 op5 e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s slightly be=e ,concord1 keeps & %ips only fairly well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to m$ium1 %ort to above m$ium1 (t5 v broad1 blunt1 slightly tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$ b sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 compact to m$ium2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 ?ick2 p$icel m$ium to r long1 ?ick1 ne>ly smoo?1 wide at po9t ( atta*m5t to b]ry2 bru% sl5d]1 pale gre54 ,b]ries r uni=m 9 size1 av]ag+ l>ge1 r\ndi%1 black1 n glossy1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 r t\gh1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s mu* purpli%-r$ pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 juicy1 r t\gh1 slightly /r+y & foxy1 ne>ly sweet at sk9 b q acid at c5t]1 fair 9 quality1 rank+ bel[ ,concord4 ,se$s r adh]5t1 "o to f\r 9 numb]1 av]age two or ?ree1 above mean size1 incl9$ to broad1 not*$1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 plump1 some:at blunt1 light br[n2 raphe buri$ 9 a r wide1 %all[ groove2 *alaza ne>ly l>ge1 slightly above c5t]1 irregul>ly circul> to oval1 obscure4 7,i7 ,,eclipse4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahii3baf4 #b4 ,ib41 #aijd3bbh4 #c4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fe3heb4 #aijf4 #d4 ,ib41 #ff3bd1 #cdd1 #dab4 #aijg4 ,,riehl',s ,,new ,,e>ly ,,grape 7#c74 ,,riehl',s ,,no4 #aj 7#a1 #b74 ,riehl's ,no4 #aj 7#d74 ,!re are two grapes be>+ ! "n ,eclipse1 ! orig9 & hi/ory ( bo? ( :i* are briefly set =? bel[4 ,( ! two1 ,riehl's ,eclipse alone is deem$ wor?y ( g5]al discussion1 ! o!r1 a gre5 v>iety ( ?is "n1 hav+ pass$ out ( cultivation if x 7 ev] gr[n 9 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,eclipse ,! grape "u consid]ation1 kn[n = "s ye>s z ,riehl's ,no4 #aj1 is a comp>atively new c&idate = pomological honors1 n hav+ be5 nam$ & introduc$ z ,eclipse until #aijf4 ,x has n be5 gr[n l>gely 9 ,new ,york & ! ,ea/ & we c !re=e say b little ( x o!r ?an to describe x z x gr[s on ! ,/ation gr\nds & to /ate t 9 ! ,we/1 ,ill9ois 9 p>ticul>1 x is mo/ highly recomm5d$4 ,at ,g5eva ! ,eclipse is v l ! ,concord1 "o ( its gr&p>5ts1 x be+ a se$l+ ( ,niag>a1 diff]+ *iefly 9 be+ e>li] & ( bett] quality4 ,bun*es & b]ries are a little small] ?an ,concord4 ,! v9es are h>dy1 heal?y & productive1 promis+ well = comm]cial plantations4 ,9 ,ill9ois x is said to hang on ! v9es long aft] x is ripe )\t det]ioration & n to crack 9 wet wea!r4 ,! color-plate & ! description giv5 bel[ %[ ! ,eclipse z x gr[s at ?is ,/ation & if ! grape-gr[] wi%es a v>iety answ]+ to ! g5]al *>act]s s depict$1 ! ,eclipse is c]ta9ly wor?y a trial 9 ,new ,york4 ,e4 ,a4 ,riehl ( ,alton1 ,ill9ois1 is ! orig9ator ( ,eclipse1 ! date ( its orig9 be+ ab\t #ahij4 ,he /ates t ?is is "o ( ! se$l+s f a lot ( ,niag>a se$ :i* 0 probably cross-poll9at$ by o!r v>ieties4 ,! v>iety 0 introduc$ 9 #aijf by ! ,/>k ,bro!rs ,nurs]ies & ,or*>ds ,company1 ,l\isiana1 ,miss\ri4 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive4 ,canes m$ium to above 9 l5g? & numb]1 int]m$iate 9 size1 r d>k r$di%-br[n2 nodes slightly enl>g$2 int]nodes ( av]age l5g?2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? l>ge to m$ium2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 some:at long1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds m$ium to ne>ly small1 %ort1 incl9$ to sl5d]1 po9t$ to conical1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves color$ on l[] side only1 prevail+ color pale gre5 ) slight rose-c>m9e t+e4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface d>k gre51 int]m$iate 9 smoo?ness2 l[] surface :iti% ) slight bronze t+e1 heavily pubesc5t1 ve9s well def9$2 lobes none to ?ree ) t]m9al lobe acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us deep1 m$ium to n>r[2 basal s9us usually lack+2 lat]al s9us ( av]age dep?1 r n>r[1 (t5 not*$2 tee? m$ium to %all[1 ne>ly n>r[4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s slightly e>li] ?an ,concord1 keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s int]m$iate 9 size1 bel[ av]age l5g?1 m$ium to r broad1 tap]+ to cyl9drical1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 mod]ately compact2 p$uncle ne>ly %ort1 ?ick to m$ium2 p$icel %ort1 some:at ?ick1 cov]$ ) num]\s small w>ts2 bru% long1 pale gre54 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 slightly oval1 r dull black1 cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 t5d]1 adh]es b slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s a small am\nt ( w9e-color$ pigm5t1 some:at a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 t5d]1 r f9e-gra9$1 foxy1 sweet next ! sk9 to agreeably t>t at c5t]1 resembles ,concord v closely 9 flavor1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate v easily f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age two or ?ree1 ( mean size1 some:at %ort1 broad to m$ium1 di/9ctly not*$1 r blunt1 br[ni%2 raphe buri$ 9 a deep groove2 *alaza ( av]age size1 slightly above c5t] to ne>ly c5tral1 circul> to ne>ly pe>-%ap$1 di/9ct4 7,,ii7 ,,eclipse4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhi3cgb4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahib3bfi4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3abc4 #d4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3aci4 #ahih4 #e4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ci4 #ahii4 ,?is ,eclipse 0 produc$ by ,john ,burr ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 ab\t #ahhj1 f mix$ se$4 ,x attract$ "s att5tion 9 ! ,middle ,we/1 :]e ! fruit 0 exhibit$ at v>i\s meet+s b fail$ to atta9 favor 9 ! v9ey>d4 ,x is n[ practically obsolete4 ,v9e vigor\s1 injur$ 9 sev]e w9t]s1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess1 some:at susceptible to mildew4 ,canes long to m$ium1 ( av]age numb]1 ?ick2 int]nodes long2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t1 bifid to sometimes trifid4 ,leaves n heal?y1 l>ge to m$ium1 ( av]age gre5ness2 l[] surface grayi%-:ite4 ,fl[]s p>tly /]ile2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s a little lat] ?an ,diamond1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 ( av]age l5g?1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 m$ium to broad1 compact to m$ium4 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 r\ndi% to oblate1 light gre5 (t5 ) t+e ( yell[1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 ?91 ( av]age t\ghness1 cov]$ ) scatt]+1 small1 r$di%-br[n dots4 ,fle% t5d]1 v9\s1 sprightly1 less sweet ?an ,niag>a1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age ?ree1 above m$ium 9 size1 int]m$iate 9 l5g? & wid?2 raphe obscure4 ,,eldorado4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3cc4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #de3fbb4 #ahhf4 #c4 ,ib41 #ea3fha1 #gbf4 #ahib4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fba4 #ahib4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3abc4 #f4 ,col ,/a4 ,bul41 #bi3bb4 #ahid4 #g4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ef3hbb4 #ahig4 #h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecj1 #eda1 #edd1 #edh1 #eed4 #ahih4 #i4 ,ib41 #ah3cge1 #chg1 #cif4 #ahii4 #aj4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijb3bbd4 ,eldorado is "o ( ! be/ flavor$ ( all e>ly gre5 grapes b un=tunately x has defects :i* h kept x f becom+ popul> & x is n[ rapidly pass+ f cultivation4 ,x is delicately flavor$1 ) a v di/9ct aroma & ta/e2 ! fle% is t5d]1 melt+ & sweet f sk9 to se$s1 all qualities r>ely f\nd 9 an e>ly grape4 ,! season is ab\t t ( ,moore ,e>ly1 a "t :5 !re are few o!r really good :ite grapes4 ,eldorado is a full si/] ( ,lady ,wa%+ton & is if any?+ bett] flavor$ ?an t mo/ excell5t v>iety4 ,^! two grapes are second>y hybrids ( ,labrusca & ,v9if]a1 ,concord be+ ! native p>5t4 ,! v9es inh]it mo/ ( ! good qualities ( ,concord b ,eldorado does n inh]it ,concord's ability to set fruit well2 ev5 ) cross-poll9ation x sometimes fails to be> & is n wor? gr[+ unless plant$ 9 a mix$ v9ey>d4 ,! clu/]s are s (t5 small & /raggl+ "u ! be/ possible conditions t ! v>iety _c be highly recomm5d$ to ! amateur yet its delightful flavor & its e>l9ess may comm5d x to "s4 ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts ( ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 produc$ ,eldorado "s "t ab\t #ahgj f se$ ( ,concord f]tiliz$ by ,all5's ,hybrid4 ,x 0 introduc$ by ! orig9ator ab\t #ahha & is /ill (f]$ = sale by a few nurs]ym54 ,eldorado has be5 some:at commonly gr[n 9 g>d5s & collections 9 ! ,ea/ b does n succe$ 9 ! ,we/4 ,v9e usually a /rong gr[]1 h>dy except 9 sev]e w9t]s1 an unc]ta9 be>]4 ,canes long1 n v num]\s2 t5drils int]mitt5t to r>ely cont9u\s1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves bel[ m$ium to l>ge1 irregul>ly r\ndi%1 d>k gre51 rugose on old] leaves2 l[] surface t+$ ) bronze1 pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 m$ium late2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s e>li] ?an ,concord1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s d n always set p]fectly & are q v>iable 9 size1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 n uni=m 9 compactness4 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 r\ndi%1 yell[i%-gre5 *ang+ to a gold5 yell[1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom4 ,fle% t5d]1 slightly foxy1 sweet f sk9 to c5t]1 mild1 high flavor$1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s int]m$iate 9 size & l5g?1 blunt4 ,,els9burgh4 7,v9if]a1 ,ae/ivalis47 #a4 ,am]4 ,f>m]1 #i3bba4 #ahbg4 #b4 ,pr9ce1 #ahcj3agf4 #c4 ,d[n+1 #ahde3bee4 #d4 ,elliott1 #ahed3bde4 #e4 ,horticulturi/1 #ab3deh4 #aheg4 #f4 ,ph91 #ahfb3bed4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfb3ij4 #h4 ,husmann1 #ahff3abj4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3ch4 #aj4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3id4 #aa4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ac3fjc4 #ahid4 #ab4 ,ib41 #ag3ecj1 #edh1 #eed4 #ahih4 ,blue ,els+burg 7#b74 ,els5burgh 7#b74 ,els9boro 7#d1 #aj1 #aa74 ,,els+burg 7#g74 ,els9burg 7#f74 ,,els9bor\gh 7#f74 ,els9bor\gh 7#b1 #c1 #d74 ,miss\ri ,bird's ,eye 7#h74 ,sm>t's ,els9burgh 7#c1 #d74 ,sm>t's ,els+bor\gh 7#b1 #aj1 #aa74 ,els9burgh dates back ne>ly a c5tury & is n[ r>ely cultivat$1 hav+ long s9ce be5 replac$ by bett] v>ieties4 ,x is c]ta9ly n kn[n 9 ,new ,york n[ & x is d\btful if x 0 ev] mu* gr[n z x fruits v sp>+ly 9 ! ,nor? & is b half h>dy 9 ! latitude ( ?is ,/ate4 ,9 quality x is "o ( ! be/ ( ! ,ae/ivalis grapes1 hav+ a pure1 ri*1 v9\s1 spicy flavor )\t a trace ( fox9ess4 ,x w\ld und\bt$ly add v>iety to any amateur's v9ey>d & might prove ( value 9 grape-bre$+1 o!rwise x is n wor? gr[+2 x und\bt$ly makes a v good r$ w9e4 ,! orig9 ( ,els9burgh is v unc]ta94 ,x 0 nam$ aft] ! t[n%ip1 ,els9bor\gh1 ,salem ,c\nty1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,9 ?is neighborhood x 0 mu* rais$ at an e>ly day4 ,f "h x 0 s5t to v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,:e!r x orig9at$ 9 ?is section or :e!r x 0 introduc$ at a /ill e>li] date f else:]e is unkn[n4 ,x 0 br\ght into notice by a ,dr4 ,hul+s4 ,al?\gh ,els9burgh has long s9ce ceas$ to be ( importance1 x is /ill (f]$ = sale by an occasional nurs]yman4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ 9 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahfb & remov$ 9 #ahia4 ,els9burgh is ( especial int]e/ z be+ ! probable p>5t ( ,delaw>e4 ,! v>iety %[s ,b\rqu9iana or ,ae/ivalis 9 flavor & texture ( fruit1 9 texture & pubesc5ce ( leaf1 & ! bloom on "y canes2 its t5d]ness & susceptibility to mildew sugge/ ,v9if]a4 ,v9e weak to mod]ately vigor\s1 n v h>dy1 produces light crops4 ,canes %ort to m$ium1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) ?9 blue bloom2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves small to m$ium1 v>iable 9 color2 l[] surface hairy & slightly pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s ne>ly f]tile1 op5 v late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s e>ly 9 ,octob]4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 loose to m$ium4 ,b]ries small1 r\ndi%1 black1 cov]$ ) blue bloom1 conta9 b little pulp4 ,fle% v9\s1 sweet1 quality good4 ,se$s few1 small4 ,,elvic&4 7,c&icans1 ,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,an4 ,hort41 #ahib3agf4 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3abc4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahig3ai4 #d4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aadi1 #aaef4 #ahih4 #e4 ,ib41 #ef3bgf4 #aijj4 ,introduc$ "s tw5ty ye>s ago1 ,elvic& has n f\nd a place 9 ! viticulture ( ! ,nor?4 ,x is int]e/+ because ( its p>5tage1 hav+ 9 x ! blood ( ?ree species3 ,rip>ia1 ,labrusca & ,c&icans1 & might prove valuable 9 bre$+ "w1 z />t+ a new & some:at di/9ct gr\p ( grapes4 ,!re has be5 mu* compla9t ( ?is v>iety be+ unproductive b ,munson /ates t ?is is due to %ort prun+ & t x w be> heavily ) v long prun+4 ,x is too late 9 season = ,new ,york4 ,! v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,t4 ,v4 ,munson ( ,d5ison1 ,texas1 f se$ ( ,elvira accid5tally f]tiliz$ by poll5 ( ,vitis c&icans4 ,x 0 introduc$ by ! orig9ator 9 #ahic1 & 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ 9 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahig1 :]e x has s9ce be5 reta9$4 ,x 0 dropp$ f ! orig9ator's catalog eight ye>s ago4 ,v9e vigor\s & h>dy4 ,%oots & "u side ( leaves %[+ mu* :ite cottony pubesc5ce4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 %all[ly ?ree-lob$4 ,fl[]s self-f]tile4 ,clu/]s small1 r op54 ,b]ries ( m$ium size1 r\nd1 d>k purple1 some:at sweet to subacid ) slight ,c&icans flavor4 ,se$s l>ge4 ,season late4 ,n a table grape4 ,,elvira4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgc3ec4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge3dj1 #fg4 #c4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhj3bcg4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3ch4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahha3bd4 #f4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3ge4 #g4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ig4 col4 pl4 & fig4 #h4 ,husmann1 #ahie3hc1 #ic1 #age4 #i4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecj1 #edh1 #eee1 #eei4 #ahih4 #aj4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bgj4 #aijj4 #aa4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijb3hb4 #ab4 ,ib41 #aijf3fe1 #ff1 #fg4 ,?\gh x has nev] atta9$ great popul>ity 9 ,new ,york or 9 ! ,nor?1 ,elvira1 soon aft] its introduction 9 ,miss\ri ab\t ?irty-five ye>s ago1 0 c>ri$ to ! v p9nacle ( popul>ity z a w9e grape4 ,! qualities :i* comm5d$ x 7 its great productiv5ess1 9 :i* "* x is h>dly surpass$ 9 favorable locations by any o!r ( our native grapes2 its e>l9ess1 rip5+ 9 ! ,nor? ) ,concord2 its exce$+ly good heal?1 be+ almo/ free f cryptogamic diseases & hav+ almo/ no t\* ( black-rot 9 ! av]age season ev5 9 ! ,s\?we/2 its great vigor z %[n by a /rong /ocky gr[? & ample foliage2 &1 la/ly1 almo/ p]fect h>d9ess ev5 z f> nor? z ,canada4 ,its good qualities are (fset by "o or two defects :i* h caus$ x to lose 9 popul>ity z "t has gone by until n[ x is n z widely gr[n z "s ( its se$l+s4 ,! mo/ noticeable ( its defects is its ?9 sk9 :i* bur/s easily1 ?us :olly deb>r+ x f di/ant m>kets4 ,beside ?is1 its flavor & appe>ance1 z x gr[s "h1 are n suffici5tly good to make x a table grape & x c be us$ only = w9e = :i* purpose x is mu* valu$1 ?\gh its habit ( crack+ 9 ! bun* is sometimes mu* aga9/ x z a w9e grape4 ,! w9e made f ,elvira is light1 conta9+ comp>atively little alcohol1 & by ^? w9e-mak]s :o d n dislike a slight fox9ess 9 flavor1 x is consid]$ v good1 improv+ ) age & be+ well adapt$ = bl5d+ ) m highly flavor$ w9es4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! recon/ruction p]iod 9 ,france1 ,elvira 0 us$ m or less z a resi/ant /ock & some:at z a direct produc] b )9 a few ye>s x 0 condemn$ & ab&on$ = ei!r purpose & is n[ kn[n 9 ,france#ahg only 9 v>ietal v9ey>ds4 ,elvira is a se$l+ ( ,taylor1 a ,rip>ia-,labrusca hybrid1 & %[s well ! peculi>ities & g5]al *>act]s ( ! gr\p ( :i* ,taylor is suppos$ to be ! p>5t4 ,( ! num]\s hybrid ,rip>ia grapes1 ,elvira seems to h giv5 ! be/ coign ( vantage = bre$+ "w & is ! p>5t ( a numb] ( wor?y pure-br$ & cross-br$ v>ieties4 ,:ile x is to ! species to :i* ,elvira belongs t we mu/ look = our h>die/ grapes1 ?is v>iety & mo/ ( its prog5y are n suit$ to nor!rn conditions1 n because ( t5d]ness to cold1 b because !y mu/ h a long season = maturity & to atta9 _! be/ quality4 ,rip>ia is l>gely us$ z a resi/ant /ock 9 combat+ phyllox]a1 & ,elvira & o!r simil> hybrid (fspr+ are almo/ pro( aga9/ ?is pe/4 ,elvira 0 orig9at$ by ,jacob ,rommel ( ,morrison1 ,miss\ri1 f se$ ( ,taylor :i* "s say 0 poll9at$ by ,m>?a4 ,x 0 plant$ 9 #ahfc & fruit$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahfi4 ,bu% ,son ,meissn] introduc$ ! v>iety 9 #ahgd4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahha :]e x is /ill reta9$4 ,its great popul>ity 9 ,miss\ri 0 l>gely due to ! en]gy ) :i* x 0 adv]tis$ by c]ta9 prom95t viticulturi/s1 !y hav+ be5 mo/ favorably impress$ ) x because ( its )/&+ ! sev]e cold ( ! w9t] ( #ahgc )\t protection4 ,husmann1 9 p>ticul>1 spoke ( ,elvira 9 ! highe/ t]ms & recomm5d$ its cultivation4 ,its popul>ity spread f ,miss\ri to ! isl&s & ! ,ohio %ore ( ,lake ,erie b sc>cely rea*$ ,new ,york4 ,9 all ( ^! regions its culture is n[ on ! wane4 ,illu/ration3 ,,elvira ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 produces v heavy crops1 m productive ?an ,concord4 ,canes ( av]age l5g?1 num]\s1 m$ium to bel[ 9 ?ickness1 r d>k br[n1 deep5+ 9 color at ! enl>g$ & flatt5$ nodes2 int]nodes %ort to m$ium2 diaphragm r ?92 pi? int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 %oots slightly pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 ( av]age l5g?1 trifid to bifid4 ,leaf-buds ne>ly m$ium 9 size1 %ort to m$ium 9 l5g?1 ?ick1 conical to ne>ly obtuse1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves t+$ fa9tly ) c>m9e on ! l[] side only4 ,leaves r l>ge1 m$ium to some:at ?92 upp] surface light gre51 old] leaves dull b y\ng] leaves glossy1 smoo? to m$ium2 l[] surface pale gre51 slightly pubesc5t1 hairy4 ,ve9s r di/9ct2 lobes none to ?ree ) t]m9us acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us deep to m$ium1 incl9$ to n>r[1 sometimes clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us usually lack+2 lat]al s9us %all[1 (t5 not*$2 tee? m$ium to r deep1 some:at wide4 ,fl[]s f]tile or ne>ly s1 op5 mod]ately e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s int]m$iate 9 size1 above m$ium to %ort1 ( av]age bread?1 cyl9drical1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 r ?ick2 p$icel n long1 ( av]age ?ickness1 ne>ly smoo?2 bru% %ort1 gre5i%-yell[ ) br[ni% t+e4 ,b]ries av]age m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi% to slightly oblate1 (t5 mis%ap5 on acc\nt ( compactness1 gre5i% ) yell[ t+e1 r dull1 cov]$ ) a fair am\nt ( gray bloom1 n always p]si/5t1 r firm4 ,sk9 v ?91 t5d]1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 some:at a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 slightly foxy1 sweet1 n acid at ! c5t]1 some:at flat 9 flavor1 ( fair quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age ?ree1 m$ium to ne>ly l>ge1 m$ium to broad1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 blunt1 (t5 plump1 m$ium to d>k br[n2 raphe obscure or ne>ly s2 *alaza ( av]age size1 slightly above c5t]1 pe>-%ap$1 r di/9ct4 ,mu/ #hh4 ,,empire ,,/ate4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3ff4 #b4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhb3bbg4 #c4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhb3df4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ii4 #e4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bf3bgb1 #cfd4 #ahhd4 #f4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ca3aaj4 #ahhf4 #g4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #df3bj1 #die4 #ahhg4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ig1 #abe4 #i4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhg-h3he1 #afi4 #aj4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhi3cgj4 #aa4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahhi3bd4 #ab4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ac3fjc4 #ahid4 #ac4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3abe4 #ad4 ,col4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bi3bb4 #ahid4 #ae4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahid-e3aa4 #af4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3ahj4 #ahif4 #ag4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecj1 #eda1 #edd1 #edh1 #eeb4 #ahih4 ,empire ,/ate competes ) ,niag>a1 ,diamond & ,pockl+ton = supremacy among gre5 grapes 9 comm]cial v9ey>ds1 probably tak+ f\r? place ! c\ntry ov]4 ,! v>iety is equally vigor\s 9 gr[?1 j z free f pr$ace\s p>asites1 :e!r fungi or insects1 & ^u v9es ( ! same age x is z productive b is a little less h>dy & ! grapes are n z attractive 9 appe>ance z ! o!r v>ieties nam$4 ,9 p>ticul> ! clu/]s are small 9 "s localities1 a defect :i* c be ov]come only by sev]e prun+ or by ?9n+4 ,! quality is v good1 mu* bett] ?an ,niag>a1 some:at bett] ?an ,pockl+ton & ne>ly z good z ,diamond4 ,x approa*es ! flavor ( ! ,old ,_w grapes1 its slight wild ta/e sugge/+ "o ( ! ,muscats r ?an ! fox9ess ( ! ,niag>a4 ,empire ,/ate is e/eem$ = ! table :]ev] kn[n & is 9 dem& = w9e-mak+1 ! w9e f x be+ mo/ excell5t = *ampagne accord+ to reports f ! ,keuka *ampagne-mak]s4 ,empire ,/ate rip5s a little e>li] ?an ,niag>a1 hangs long ^u ! v9e & keeps well aft] pick+ & )\t los+ flavor4 ,! v>iety is q di/9ct 9 its horticultural z well z its botanical *>act]s4 ,?is some:at rem>kable :ite grape 0 orig9at$ by ,james ,h4 ,ricketts ( ,newburgh1 ,new ,york4 ,! v>iety 0 fruit$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahgi4 ,! orig9ator says t x came f se$ ( ,h>t=d poll9at$ by ,cl9ton b ?is p>5tage has be5 que/ion$ by _m viticulturi/s z x does n %[ *>act]s ( ei!r ( ! reput$ p>5ts4 ,a v g5]al supposition is t ! v>iety is a hybrid betwe5 ,cl9ton & "s v>iety ( ,v9if]a1 ! *>act]s ( ! fruit 9 p>ticul> indicat+ su* bre$+4 ,empire ,/ate 0 b\ght f ! orig9ator by ,george ,a4 ,/one ( ,ro*e/] = #d1jjj1 a record price = an ,am]ican grape4 ,x 0 introduc$ ab\t #ahhd & 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahhi1 :]e x /ill rema9s4 ,v9e a fair to good gr[]1 usually heal?y1 9 "s locations appe>s some:at t5d]1 mod]ately productive to productive4 ,canes %ort1 m$ium to few1 ne>ly sl5d]1 br[ni%2 nodes slightly enl>g$1 n flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort to m$ium2 diaphragm ( av]age ?ickness2 pi? ( m$ium size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds small to m$ium1 ( av]age l5g?1 r sl5d]1 po9t$ to conical1 op5 mod]ately late4 ,"y leaves t+$ ) fa9t trace ( r$ on "u side1 prevail+ color gre5i%4 ,leaves small to m$ium1 ( fair ?ickness2 upp] surface light gre51 slightly glossy1 smoo? to some:at rugose2 l[] surface t+$ ) bronze1 heavily pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes ?ree to five :5 pres5t1 ) t]m9al lobe acum9ate2 petiol> s9us m$ium to deep1 n>r[1 (t5 clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us v>iable 9 dep? & wid?2 lat]al s9us deep1 n>r[ to m$ium1 (t5 di/9ctly enl>g$ at base2 tee? m$ium to deep1 above av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 mod]ately late2 /am5s upright4 ,illu/ration3 ,,empire ,,/ate ,fruit some:at v>iable 9 season ( rip5+ av]ag+ a few days e>li] ?an ,niag>a1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to bel[ m$ium1 long1 r sl5d]1 cyl9drical to slightly tap]+1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 m$ium to compact2 p$uncle v>iable1 (t5 *>act]i/ically long1 r ?ick2 p$icel n uni=m 9 l5g?1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) num]\s small w>ts2 bru% %ort1 light gre54 ,b]ries v>iable 9 size av]ag+ m$ium to bel[1 incl9$ to r\ndi%1 pale yell[i%-gre51 cov]$ ) "s gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 mod]ately firm4 ,sk9 m$ium to ?ick1 v>iable 9 t\ghness1 adh]es b slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 ) slight a/r+5cy4 ,fle% pale yell[i%-gre51 transluc5t1 v juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 r t5d]1 sweet next ! sk9 b some:at acid at c5t]1 agreeably flavor$1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s adh]e slightly to ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age two1 small1 broad1 not*$1 r %ort1 blunt1 plump1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza small1 r\ndi% to ovate1 slightly above c5t]1 di/9ct4 ,,essex4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfd3abg1 #acf4 #b4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfe3dj4 #c4 ,/rong1 #ahff3cda4 #d4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #c3adf4 #ahfh4 #e4 ,horticulturi/1 #bd3abf4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfi3db4 #g4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3aha4 #ahfi4 #h4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bed4 #ahic4 #i4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecj1 #edh1 #eee4 #ahih4 ,,rog]s' ,,no4 #da 7#a1 #b1 #c1 #d74 ,rog]s' ,no4 #da 7#e1 #f1 #g74 ,:5 well gr[n ,essex is s simil> to ,b>ry1 ,wild] & ,h]b]t1 all be+ ,rog]s' hybrids1 t x is d\btful if x is wor? cultivation m especially z x is n z easily gr[n z ! above sorts4 ,its fruit is almo/ id5tical ) ,b>ry1 ?\gh ! bun*es d n equal t v>iety 9 size1 b ! v9e is n z desirable1 be+ only half-h>dy1 n productive1 ) /]ile fl[]s & n sett+ fruit well ev5 9 mix$ v9ey>ds4 ,= an acc\nt ( ! orig9 & p>5tage ( ,essex see ,rog]s' ,hybrids4 ,essex1 !n kn[n z ,rog]s' ,no4 #da1 is fir/ m5tion$ sep>ately f ! o!r hybrids ab\t #ahfe4 ,!re appe>s to h be5 "s confusion 9 ! numb]s1 z "s ( ! e>ly describ]s speak ( ! grape z r$1 o!rs black4 ,! "n ,essex 0 giv5 by ,mr4 ,rog]s 9 #ahfi1 9 honor ( ,essex ,c\nty1 ,massa*usetts4 ,! same ye> x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog1 :]e x 0 reta9$ until #ahie1 :5 x 0 dropp$4 ,x is /ill to be f\nd 9 _m v>ietal v9ey>ds b is n[ (f]$ = sale by b few nurs]ym54 ,v9e vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 produces good crops4 ,canes vigor\s1 int]m$iate 9 numb] & ?ickness2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t1 trifid to bifid4 ,leaves m$ium to above 9 size1 irregul>ly r\ndi%2 l[] surface ?9ly pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s /]ile or ne>ly s1 op5 9 mid-season or slightly lat]2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord or slightly lat]1 an excell5t keep]1 9 good condition "s seasons until ,febru>y4 ,clu/]s m$ium to ne>ly l>ge1 broad ) a r small1 %ort1 s+le %\ld]1 usually compact4 ,b]ries l>ge to above m$ium1 r\ndi% to oval1 frequ5tly compress$1 d>k purpli%-black1 cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 n firm4 ,fle% mod]ately t5d] & s(t1 v9\s1 sweet next ! sk9 to acid at c5t]1 agreeable 9 flavor1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s l>ge1 long1 (t5 ) enl>g$ neck2 *alaza small1 frequ5tly ) %all[1 radiat+ furr[s1 /rongly above c5t]4 ,,e/]4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,an4 ,hort41 #ahhi3aja4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ea3fhf1 #hfc4 #ahib4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3abe4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ad3bgi4 #ahie4 #e4 ,ib41 #ag3ecj1 #edh1 #eee4 #ahih4 #f4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aid3eg4 #aija4 #g4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bci4 #aijb4 ,e/] is a :ite se$l+ ( ,concord1 :e!r pure-br$ or cross-br$ is n kn[n1 :i* resembles its p>5t 9 v9e & 9 flavor ( fruit4 ,x has sev]al defects :i* make x less valuable ?an _m o!r bett] kn[n :ite grapes & is !re=e n recomm5d$ = ,new ,york4 ,its defects appe> 9 ! description giv5 bel[4 ,! v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,e4 ,w4 ,bull ( ,concord1 ,massa*usetts1 f se$ ( ,concord4 ,x 0 introduc$ by ,george ,s4 ,josselyn ( ,fr$onia1 ,new ,york1 9 #ahhi4 ,bull nam$ ?is v>iety 9 honor ( 8 "m :o spell$ h] "n ,e/]1 9 ! old ,new ,engl& way1 & n ,e/h] z commonly f\nd 9 grape lit]ature4 ,v9e v>iable 9 vigor & productiv5ess1 usually h>dy4 ,canes %ort to m$ium1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) consid]able pubesc5ce2 t5drils cont9u\s1 r>ely int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves small1 light gre52 l[] surface t+$ ) bronze1 pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s ne>ly f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord1 n a good keep]4 ,clu/]s m$ium to above 9 size & compactness4 ,b]ries m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi%1 pale yell[i%-:ite1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 incl9$ to drop consid]ably f p$icel4 ,sk9 cov]$ ) scatt]+ br[n dots1 ?91 some:at t5d]1 incl9$ to crack4 ,fle% mod]ately t5d] & v9\s1 sweet1 v>iable 9 flavor & quality rang+ f fair to v good4 ,,etta4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3cc4 #b4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3dc4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ih4 fig4 #d4 ,kan4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahij3bc1 app4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aj3dif4 #ahia4 #f4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfc4 #ahic4 #g4 ,ark4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ci3cj4 #ahif4 #h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecj1 #ede1 #edg1 #eee1 #eei4 #ahih4 #i4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aadi1 #aaef4 #ahih4 #aj4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #agg3dd4 #ahii4 #aa4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3dc4 #aija4 #ab4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bdd4 #aijb4 ,elvira ,se$l+ ,no4 #c 7#c74 ,,rommel',s ,,etta 7#d1 #ab74 ,rommel's ,no4 #c 7#a74 ,9 appe>ance1 ta/e & texture ( fle% ,etta is v simil> to ,elvira ( :i* x is a se$l+4 ,! small yell[i% clu/]s :i* *>act]ize ,elvira are almo/ exactly reproduc$ 9 ,etta diff]+ *iefly 9 (t5 hav+ a %\ld] q z l>ge z ! ma9 bun* itself1 & 9 hav+1 = mo/ palates1 a bett] flavor1 lack+ ! slight fox9ess ( ,elvira4 ,! v9e is v vigor\s1 h>dy1 & productive to a fault4 ,! fruit rip5s late1 at ! "t ( ,catawba1 & too late to make ! v>iety ( value = ,new ,york4 ,etta is n a good table grape &1 z ) its p>5t1 makes only a fair grade ( :ite w9e b ?is c be produc$ 9 su* quantity z to give ! v>iety value 9 produc+ a w9e = bl5d+ ) m highly flavor$ products4 ,! t5d5cy ( ,elvira to crack & ov]be> caus$ ! orig9ator ( t v>iety1 ,jacob ,rommel ( ,morrison1 ,miss\ri1 to try = a grape )\t ^! faults & ! result 0 ,etta f se$ ( ,elvira4 ,x 0 fir/ exhibit$ 9 #ahgi z ,elvira ,se$l+ ,no4 #c & 0 aw>d$ ! premium z a se$l+ w9e grape at ! ,mississippi ,valley ,horticultural ,society meet+ 9 ,/4 ,l\is 9 #ahhj4 ,x has nev] become popul> 9 ! ,ea/1 probably on acc\nt ( its late rip5+4 ,9 ,miss\ri ,etta is g5]ally consid]$ to be1 all *>act]s tak5 into acc\nt1 a bett] grape ?an ,elvira1 fall+ bel[ x 9 b "o p>ticul>1 resi/ance to black-rot4 ,v9e vigor\s to v vigor\s1 h>dy except 9 sev]e w9t]s1 productive4 ,canes long1 r num]\s1 ab\t av]age size1 ne>ly light to m$ium d>k br[n2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid4 ,leaves heal?y1 above m$ium to l>ge1 ?icki%2 upp] surface d>k gre51 slightly glossy1 ne>ly smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 some:at cobwebby2 ve9s r di/9ct4 ,fl[]s f]tile or ne>ly s1 op5 m$ium e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s late1 two or ?ree weeks aft] ,concord1 keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 r %ort & broad1 irregul>ly cyl9drical1 usually ) a %ort1 m$ium-siz$ s+le %\ld] b sometimes s heavily %\ld]$ z to =m a d\ble bun*1 v compact4 ,b]ries m$ium to small1 r\ndi% to frequ5tly compress$ on acc\nt ( compactness ( clu/]1 r pale gre51 sometimes ) a fa9t yell[ t+e1 dull1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 %att] consid]ably :5 ov]ripe1 firm4 ,sk9 ?91 t5d]1 conta9s no pigm5t4 ,fle% juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 some:at t\gh & /r+y1 slightly foxy1 nei!r ri* nor high-flavor$1 sweet at sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 mild1 int]m$iate 9 flavor & quality4 ,se$s sep>ate f ! pulp q easily1 m$ium to above 9 size & wid?1 long to m$ium1 some:at plump & blunt1 br[ni%2 raphe buri$ 9 a broad1 %all[ groove2 *alaza ( m$ium size1 oval1 ne>ly c5tral1 mod]ately di/9ct4 ,,eumelan4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 ,ae/ivalis47 #a4 ,rec4 ( ,hort41 #ahff3ch4 #b4 ,mead1 #ahfg3bbj4 #c4 ,full]1 #ahfg3bda4 #d4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #h3add1 #bii4 #ahgj4 #e4 ,b>ry1 #ahgb3dah4 #f4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3edc1 #eee4 #g4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge3cic4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahge3bd4 #i4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ii4 fig4 #aj4 ,wis4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3agd4 #aa4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #cf3dc4 #ahia4 #ab4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3acd4 #ahih4 #ac4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecj1 #ede1 #edf1 #edh1 #edi1 #eeb4 #ahih4 #ad4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bga4 #aijj4 ,,wa%+ton 7#a74 ,wa%+ton 7#c74 ,eumelan 0 introduc$ ab\t =ty ye>s ago1 ) ! g5]al op9ion among ! lead+ viticulturi/s ( ! "t t x 0 "o ( ! be/ black grapes t _h be5 br\ght to ! notice ( grape-gr[]s4 ,x seems n[1 z "o /udies its *>act]s1 to %[ an association ( z great a numb] ( valuable good qualities & z few objectionable ones z almo/ any o!r ( our black grapes1 yet ! v>iety is n[ b little gr[n4 ,briefly summ>iz$1 its good qualities are3 ,v9es above ! av]age 9 vigor1 h>d9ess & productiv5ess1 rem>kable = _! %ort-jo9t$ wood2 clu/]s & b]ries well-=m$1 ( good size & ! latt] a h&some black ) f9e bloom1 mak+ a v attractive clu/] ( grapes2 fle% t5d]1 seem+ly dissolv+ into w9e-l juice "u slight pressure2 ! flavor is pure )\t a trace ( fox9ess1 ri*1 sweet1 & v9\s1 mak+ a v delici\s & refre%+ fruit1 ?\gh ! l>ge se$s are some:at objectionable4 ,eumelan makes a v good r$ w9e4 ,! season ( rip5+ is su* t ! v>iety may be call$ e>ly1 yet x keeps mu* bett] ?an mo/ ( ! o!r grapes matur+ ) x & becomes1 !re=e1 a mid-season & late grape z well z an e>ly "o4 ,x nei!r cracks nor %ells badly1 & %ips v well4 ,illu/ration3 ,,eumelan ,x is m difficult to "n its defects4 ,s f> z we c discov]1 ^! are susceptibility to mildew1 /]ile fl[]s1 & difficulty 9 propagation4 ,unque/ionably ! latt] "* has greatly h9d]$ its culture1 z ! v9es c be _h only at extra exp5se & nurs]ym5 are loa? to gr[ x at all4 ,eumelan c at lea/ be recomm5d$ to amateur gr[]s & = ! g>d5 & x is well wor? fur!r trial by grape-gr[]s4 ,eumelan is a *ance se$l+ :i* grew f se$ ab\t #ahdg 9 ! y>d ( a ,mr4 ,?orne at ,fi%kill ,l&+1 ,new ,york4 ,ab\t #ahfj x fell into ! h&s ( ,dr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,grant ( ,iona ,isl& & 0 introduc$ by him 9 #ahfg4 ,by "s x is suppos$ to be a se$l+ ( ,isabella4 ,bu% gives ! species z ,ae/ivalis4 ,munson /ates1 h[ev]1 t he c see no?+ 9 x b ,labrusca & ,v9if]a4 ,labrusca seems to be indicat$ v pla9ly by ! texture ( ! fruit & by ! se$s1 ,v9if]a possibly by a g5]al appe>ance ( ! v9e difficult to def9e & also by ! t5d5cy to mildew4 ,besides ?is1 h[ev]1 !re are ! blui% bloom on %oots & canes1 ! pigm5t b5ea? ! sk91 ! spicy ta/e 9 ! b]ries1 & ! difficulty ( propagation f cutt+s1 all ( :i* are difficult to acc\nt = except by recogniz+ ! pres5ce ( ,ae/ivalis or ,bicolor blood4 ,v9e vigor\s to m$ium1 h>dy1 m$ium to productive1 incl9$ to mildew4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 num]\s1 ( av]age ?ickness1 cov]$ ) consid]able blue bloom2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort to m$ium2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? ab\t m$ium size2 %oots glabr\s2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 r long1 trifid to bifid4 ,leaf-buds l>ge1 long1 r ?ick1 conspicu\s1 obtuse to conical1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves heavily t+$ on "u side & lightly t+$ along m>g9 ( upp] side ) bright c>m9e4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface r d>k gre51 glossy1 smoo? to m$ium2 l[] surface pale gre51 n pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes usually ?ree 9 numb] ) t]m9al lobe acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us m$ium to deep1 v>iable 9 wid?2 basal s9us usually lack+2 lat]al s9us %all[ to m$ium1 r n>r[ or (t5 a m]e not*2 tee? incl9$ to %all[1 usually above m$ium 9 wid?4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s be=e mid-season1 keeps frequ5tly until late w9t]4 ,clu/]s ( av]age size1 long to m$ium1 r sl5d]1 slightly tap]+ to cyl9drical1 (t5 ) a long1 loose1 s+le %\ld]1 v>iable 9 compactness2 p$uncle m$ium to long1 ( av]age size2 p$icel some:at %ort1 r sl5d]1 cov]$ ) few small w>ts1 wide at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% %ort1 /ubby1 pale gre54 ,b]ries m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi% to frequ5tly compress$1 black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 t\gh1 r adh]5t to ! pulp1 conta9s a mod]ate am\nt ( w9e-color$ pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% some:at d>k gre51 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 ne>ly t5d]1 /r+y1 n foxy1 r spicy & aromatic ) ,ae/ivalis flavor1 sweet1 ranks good or high] 9 quality4 ,se$s adh]e slightly to ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age ?ree1 above m$ium to l>ge1 r wide1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 some:at blunt1 plump1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza oval to circul>1 slightly above c5t]1 r di/9ct4 ,mu/ #ic-ajj4 7,i7 ,,eureka4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bg3f4 #ahfa4 #b4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #f3cga4 #ahfd4 #c4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #cc3bje4 #ahfg4 #d4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an41 #ahga3hj4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ih4 ,,bogue',s ,,eureka 7#b74 ,no good descriptions ( ?is v>iety are extant1 & x does n appe> to h be5 widely te/$4 ,eureka resembles ! ,isabella v closely 9 bo? fruit & v9e4 ,! fruit rip5s ab\t two weeks e>li]1 is some:at m t5d] 9 pulp1 m compact 9 ! bun*1 & ) ! v9e ( great] vigor4 ,eureka 0 orig9at$ by ,s4 ,folsom ( ,attica1 ,wyom+ ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 "s "t 9 ! fifties1 & 0 introduc$ a few ye>s lat] by ,bogue ,son1 nurs]ym51 ( ,g5esee ,c\nty4 ,x is said to be a se$l+ ( ,isabella1 resembl+ ! p>5t v closely1 except = be+ e>li] 9 rip5+4 ,x is n[ practically out ( cultivation1 & 0 nev] sup]ior to its reput$ p>5t 9 desirable *>act]s4 7,,ii7 ,,eureka4 7,b\rqu9iana1 ,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhi3cgb4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahij3aef4 #c4 ,ib41 #ahia3abh4 #d4 ,ib41 #ahib3bfh4 #e4 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ac3he4 #ahib4 #f4 ,husmann1 #ahie3cc4 ,! second v>iety to receive ! "n ,eureka is said to be a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e rais$ by ,dr4 ,/ayman "s "t ab\t #ahhj4 ,x does n appe> ev] to h be5 dissem9at$ except to a few ( ,dr4 ,/ayman's p]sonal fri5ds4 ,x is v r>e 9 v>ietal v9ey>ds & h>dly kn[n to nurs]ym54 ,! v>iety z x gr[s 9 ,new ,york is surpass$ by its p>5t 9 practically all desirable horticultural *>act]s4 ,v9e a /rong gr[]1 usually r t5d]1 produces m$ium to good crops4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 sl5d]2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves m$ium to above 9 size1 v>iable 9 color2 l[] surface pale gre52 pubesc5ce (t5 di/ribut$ 9 flecks4 ,fruit rip5s soon aft] ,concord1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s above m$ium to m$ium 9 size & l5g?1 s+le-%\ld]$ to sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 ( av]age compactness4 ,b]ries int]m$iate 9 size1 r\ndi%1 attractive d>k r$1 cov]$ ) heavy lilac or slightly blue bloom1 incl9$ to %ell some:at f p$icel4 ,sk9 ?91 r t5d]1 incl9$ to crack4 ,fle% mod]ately juicy & t\gh1 aromatic1 ne>ly sweet next ! sk9 to acid at c5t]1 v9\s1 desirable 9 flavor1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s small to m$ium1 ( av]age wid? & l5g?1 ne>ly %>p-po9t$4 ,,excelsior4 7,v9if]a1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhj3bcg4 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ajj4 #c4 ,miss4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #c3cf4 #ahij4 #d4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaej1 #aaef4 #ahih4 ,accord+ to ! orig9ator1 ,james ,h4 ,ricketts1 ,excelsior 0 ! f9e/ grape 9 8 collection4 ,! grapes are delici\s1 hav+ ! flavor ( ,black ,hamburg2 ! fle% *>act]s are good1 ! pulp be+ melt+ & juicy yet hold+ toge!r & hav+ sug> en\gh to give keep+ quality2 nei!r se$s nor sk9s are objectionable2 ! grapes are h&some 9 appe>ance2 b un=tunately ! v>iety rip5s too late to make x ( mu* value 9 ,new ,york4 ,at be/ x is suitable only = ! amateur &1 z ) all ( ! v>ieties :i* ,ricketts s5t out1 x is adapt$ to few localities & mu/ h ! be/ c>e 9 all respects4 ,excelsior came f se$ ( ,iona f]tiliz$ ) poll5 ( "s unkn[n ,v9if]a4 ,! v>iety 0 introduc$ 9 ! autumn ( #ahhb4 ,excelsior is to-day r r>e 9 v>ietal v9ey>ds & is app>5tly n (f]$ = sale by any nurs]ym54 ,v9e mod]ately vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 m$ium to productive4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 r ?ick2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid4 ,leaves l>ge to bel[ m$ium1 sometimes rugose2 l[] surface pubesc5t4 ,fruit rip5s lat] ?an ,concord1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s unusually l>ge1 long1 broad1 frequ5tly ) a heavy d\ble %\ld]1 loose4 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 oval to ne>ly r\ndi%1 d>k r$ cov]$ ) ?9 lilac bloom1 v p]si/5t1 r s(t4 ,sk9 ?ick1 t\gh1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp4 ,fle% v juicy1 r s(t1 granul>1 sweet & sprightly1 high 9 flavor1 good to be/ 9 quality1 closely resembl+ ,black ,hamburg 9 _m *>act]s4 ,se$s m$ium 9 size1 r blunt1 sometimes ) a %ort enl>g$ neck4 ,,fai?4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3afd4 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ajj4 #c4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3dc4 #d4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #de3fbb1 #fdj4 #ahhf4 #e4 ,ind4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhi3he4 #f4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fbc4 #ahib4 #g4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfc4 #ahic4 #h4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3ahj4 #ahif4 #i4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecj1 #edh1 #eee4 #ahih4 ,?\gh spok5 ( z a desirable grape 9 _m o!r regions ,fai? is ( little or no value 9 ,new ,york4 ,x is v unattractive 9 appe>ance z x gr[s 9 ?is ,/ate1 bo? 9 clu/] & 9 b]ry1 ! clu/]s be+ small & v>iable & ! b]ries small & ( unattractive color4 ,! quality ( ! fruit is n high & !re are _m o!r :ite sorts :i* surpass x z a table grape1 m especially ,diamond :i* rip5s at ! same "t4 ,if x has any preem95tly good "* = ?is region x is productiv5ess b ?is _c (fset its m$iocre *>act]s4 ,ano!r fault is t ! blossoms put =? s e>ly t !y (t5 suff] f spr+ fro/s4 ,fai? is ( ! same bre$+ & f ! same orig9ator1 ,jacob ,rommel ( ,morrison1 ,miss\ri1 z ,etta1 bo? hav+ come f se$ ( ,elvira4 ,?is se$l+ 0 introduc$ to ! public ab\t #ahha & ?\gh an excell5t grape x is h>dly ! equal ( ,etta & has nev] be5 able to compete ) t v>iety4 ,x 0 nam$ 9 honor ( ,jacob ,fai?1 a prom95t ,miss\ri viticulturi/4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 h>dy except 9 sev]e w9t]s1 usually heal?y1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess4 ,canes long to m$ium1 num]\s2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 d>k gre52 l[] surface grayi%-gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s /]ile to p>tly f]tile1 op5 m$ium e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,diamond or slightly e>li]1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s above m$ium to small1 v>iable 9 l5g?1 usually sl5d]1 (t5 heavily s+le-%\ld]$1 loose4 ,b]ries q small1 r\ndi%1 dull gre51 frequ5tly ) yell[ t+e *ang+ to pale amb]1 cov]$ ) abundant gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 r s(t4 ,fle% mod]ately juicy1 ne>ly t5d]1 agreeably flavor$1 sweet next ! sk9 to some:at t>t at c5t]1 fair to good 9 quality4 ,se$s num]\s1 ( av]age size1 broad4 ,,f]n ,,munson4 7,l9cecumii1 ,v9if]a1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fbc4 #ahib4 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3abg4 #c4 ,husmann1 #ahie3acj4 #d4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #gc3ahb1 #ahd4 #ahig4 #e4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahig3bjf4 #f4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3acd4 #ahih4 #g4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaej1 #aaeg4 #ahih4 #h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecj1 #edh1 #eee4 #ahih4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahii3bi4 #aj4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bgg4 #aijj4 #aa4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bdg4 #aijb4 #ab4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijd3cjb1 #cje4 ,admirable 7#aa74 ,,f]n 7#b1 #e74 ,f]n ,munson 7#b74 ,hilg>de 7#d74 ,munson's ,no4 #gf 7#d74 ,f]n ,munson is n adapt$ to nor!rn regions1 =ty degrees nor? latitude be+ its limit ( adaptation accord+ to ,munson1#ahh its orig9ator4 ,nev]!less :5 x has rip5$ 9 ,new ,york ! fruit has %[n "s v good *>act]s1 z attractive appe>ance1 agreeable quality1 & unobjectionable se$s & sk94 ,! v9es are vigor\s & productive b ! foliage is n rem>kably heal?y 9 ! ,/ation v9ey>d ?\gh x has be5 v abundant4 ,?is v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,t4 ,v4 ,munson ( ,d5ison1 ,texas1 f se$ ( ,po/-oak :i* has be5 v>i\sly /at$ to h be5 poll9at$ by ,triumph1 mix$ poll5 ( ,triumph & ,h]bemont1 & by ,catawba4 ,:i* ( ^! is correct we _c say4 ,! se$ 0 plant$ 9 #ahhe & ! v>iety 0 introduc$ by ! orig9ator 9 #ahic4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahii1 :]e x /ill rema9s4 ,dick5s1 ( ,kansas1 /ates t ?is v>iety 0 =m]ly dissem9at$ "u ! "n ( ,admirable b ?is appe>s to be a mi/ake z ,admirable is inv>iably giv5 z hav+ recurv$ /am5s :ile ! /am5s ( ,f]n ,munson are erect4 ,v9e vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 usually produces z good or sometimes bett] crops ?an ,concord4 ,canes long1 m$ium or above 9 numb]1 m$ium to ?ick1 r d>k br[n ) fa9t r$ t+e2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid4 ,leaves l>ge & ?ick2 upp] surface rugose & (t5 heavily wr9kl$2 l[] surface dull1 pale gre5 ) slight bronze t+e1 fa9tly pubesc5t2 ve9s q obscure4 ,fl[]s semi-f]tile1 op5 v late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s lat] ?an ,concord1 appe>s to keep well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 n v long1 v>iable 9 wid?1 irregul>ly tap]+ to r cyl9drical1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 v>iable 9 compactness1 (t5 ) _m abortive fruits4 ,b]ries m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi% to slightly flatt5$1 d>k purpli%-black1 r glossy1 cov]$ ) ?9 blue bloom1 /rongly p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ?91 t\gh1 conta9s a small am\nt ( w9e-color$ pigm5t1 r a/r+5t4 ,fle% juicy1 t\gh & solid1 becom+ t5d] z x rea*es maturity1 f9e-gra9$1 v9\s1 briskly sub-acid to acid1 rank+ good 9 quality :5 prop]ly rip5$4 ,se$s adh]e some:at to ! pulp1 m$ium 9 size1 r broad1 ( av]age l5g?2 raphe %[s z a small cord2 *alaza c5tral to slightly above c5t]1 obscure4 ,,flor5ce4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 ,b\rqu9iana87 #a4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3abg4 ,! fact t ! ,flor5ce "h describ$ has be5 disc>d$ by all v9ey>di/s is presumptive evid5ce t ! v>iety has little intr9sic value & ?is proves to be ! case 9 ,new ,york4 ,nei!r fruit nor v9e *>act]s are su* t ! ,/ation c recomm5d x4 ,x is d\btful if ! v>iety is long] wor?y ( pres]vation4 ,flor5ce is "o ( ! productions ( ,a4 ,j4 ,caywood ( ,m>lboro1 ,new ,york1 f se$ ( ,niag>a poll9at$ by ,dut*ess4 ,b little is kn[n ( its "t ( orig9 or ( its introduction4 ,x is v r>e 9 v>ietal v9ey>ds & n kn[n to nurs]ym54 ,canes m$ium to above 9 l5g?1 (t5 some:at sl5d]1 slightly r\gh5$ & pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid4 ,/am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s slightly e>li] ?an ,niag>a1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s above m$ium 9 size1 r long to m$ium1 sometimes slightly s+le-%\ld]$1 loose4 ,b]ries l>ge to above m$ium1 r\ndi%1 gre5 (t5 ) t+e ( yell[1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 ne>ly p]si/5t4 ,fle% slightly t\gh & solid1 aromatic1 agreeably sweet next ! sk9 to r t>t at c5t]1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s few1 int]m$iate 9 size & l5g?1 plump4 ,,ga]tn]4 7,v9if]a1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfc3edh4 #b4 ,horticulturi/1 #bd3abf4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #e3bfc4 #ahfi4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3abg4 #e4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3ahj4 #ahif4 #f4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3acg4 #ahih4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecj1 #edh1 #eee1 #eei4 #ahih4 ,,rog]s' ,,no4 #ad 7#a74 ,rog]s' ,no4 #ad 7#b1 #c1 #d1 #e74 ,:5 at its be/ ,ga]tn] is probably surpass$ 9 appe>ance & 9 quality by no o!r "o ( ,rog]s' hybrids4 ,fruit & clu/]s are l>ge & h&somely color$ mak+ a %[y grape :i* attracts att5tion :]ev] %[n & :i* sells 9 fancy fruit /ores at ! highe/ price4 ,! plant is vigor\s1 productive1 & z h>dy z any ( ! prim>y hybrids betwe5 ,labrusca & ,v9if]a4 ,9 view ( its good qualities ,ga]tn] has n receiv$ ! att5tion x des]ves f ei!r ! amateur or ! comm]cial grape-gr[]1 probably because x is m caprici\s z to soils ?an "s o!rs ( its relat$ hybrids & t to h x 9 p]fection x mu/ h ! v be/ c>e4 ,z a m>ket grape x has ! faults ( rip5+ some:at unev5ly & ( %ipp+ r poorly because ( a ?9 t5d] sk94 ,z ) ne>ly all ( ! hybrids ( its k9d x keeps well & ?is1 ) ! desirable qualities above not$1 makes x a spl5did grape = ! home v9ey>d :]e 9 favorable situations x may be expect$ to be> annual crops ( mo/ excell5t grapes4 ,ga]tn] is (t5 comp>$ ) ,massasoit1 ! two v>ieties be+ v simil> 9 fruit *>act]s1 b ,ga]tn] is ( di/9ctly bett] quality ?an ,massasoit4 ,ga]tn] 0 orig9at$ by ,e4 ,s4 ,rog]s ( ,salem1 ,massa*usetts1 & ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! v>iety w be f\nd "u ,rog]s' ,hybrids4 ,x 0 fir/ m5tion$ sep>ately f ! o!r se$l+s ( ,rog]s ab\t #ahfe "u ! "n ,rog]s' ,no4 #ad4 ,9 #ahfi1 at ! reque/ ( ! ,lake ,%ore ,grape ,association1 ,rog]s gave names to c]ta9 ( 8 productions :i* _h previ\sly be5 kn[n by numb]s only4 ,"o ( ! v>ieties !n nam$ 0 ,ga]tn]1 9 honor ( ! ,g]man botani/ ( ?is "n4 ,x has nev] be5 z popul> z "s ( ! o!r ,rog]s' hybrids & is to-day (f]$ = sale by b few nurs]ym54 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 usually h>dy except 9 sev]e w9t]s1 produces fair to good crops4 ,canes r long2 int]m$iate 9 numb]1 m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 v>y 9 color f d>k r$di%-br[n to a%-gray t+e1 surface cov]$ ) ?9 blue bloom2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves m$ium to above 9 size1 (t5 r r\ndi%2 upp] surface mod]ately d>k gre51 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 l[] surface pale gre51 pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 mod]ately late2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord1 matures unev5ly1 keeps only fairly well4 ,clu/]s above m$ium to m$ium 9 size1 %ort to m$ium1 cyl9drical to slightly tap]+1 usually ) a fair-siz$ s+le %\ld] b sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 r loose1 ) _m abortive fruits4 ,b]ries l>ge to bel[ m$ium1 r\ndi% to sometimes slightly oval1 light to d>k r$1 r glossy1 cov]$ ) a mod]ate am\nt ( lilac bloom1 p]si/5t1 int]m$iate 9 firmness4 ,sk9 m$ium to ?91 incl9$ to t5d]1 conta9s no pigm5t4 ,fle% v pale gre51 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 some:at t\gh1 slightly /r+y1 agreeably v9\s1 sweet at sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate f ! pulp r easily1 l>ge to above m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 broad to m$ium1 di/9ctly not*$1 sometimes ) a v %ort enl>g$ neck1 br[ni%2 raphe obscur$ 9 a deep groove2 *alaza ( av]age size1 above c5t] to ne>ly c5tral1 oval to r\ndi%1 some:at obscure4 ,,g5eva4 7,v9if]a1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,an4 ,hort41 #ahhi3aja4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #dh3di1 #ej1 fig41 #afe4 #ahhi4 #c4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ce3ahj4 #ahij4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3ccj4 #ahij4 #e4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ej3fia4 #ahia4 #f4 ,ib41 #ea3fjg1 #fee4 #ahib4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fbc4 #ahib4 #h4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #eb3ga1 #abb1 #fee4 #ahic4 #i4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3abh4 #aj4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecj1 #edh1 #eee4 #ahih4 #aa4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agj4 #ahii4 ,jacob ,moore's ,g5eva is ano!r second>y hybrid betwe5 ,labrusca & ,v9if]a 9 :i* ! ,labrusca blood pr$om9ates4 ,9 quality x is some:at bel[ any ( ! o!r grapes put out by ,moore & is surpass$ by s _m o!r grapes ( its season t x has nev] become popul> ?\gh x has mu* to recomm5d x4 ,?us x is vigor\s1 ?\gh n q h>dy1 only fairly productive1 ) ample foliage :i* is v heal?y4 ,! b]ries & clu/]s are attractive4 ,! color is m ne>ly transp>5t ?an any o!r ( our grapes & !re is s little bloom t ! grapes are a beautiful lu/r\s gre5 (t5 becom+ iridesc5t 9 sunlight4 ,x is pure 9 flavor b some:at insipid4 ,! b]ries cl+ well to ! /em & ! fruit keeps exceptionally well4 ,g5eva 0 orig9at$ by ,jacob ,moore1 ,brighton1 ,monroe ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 f se$ plant$ 9 #ahgd ( a hybrid v9e f]tiliz$ by ,iona4 ,! mat]nal v9e 0 f se$ ( a wild ,labrusca f]tiliz$ ) ,muscat ,alex&ria4 ,! v>iety 0 introduc$ by ! ,r4 ,g4 ,*ase ,company1 ( ,g5eva4 ,x is /ill q commonly f\nd 9 v>ietal v9ey>ds & is li/$ by a few grape nurs]ym54 ,g5eva seems to h succe$$ some:at bett] to ! s\? ( ,new ,york & is notably bett] 9 quality :5 gr[n 9 l[] latitudes4 ,v9e mod]ately vigor\s to vigor\s1 n v h>dy1 heal?y1 produces small] crops ?an ,concord4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g? & numb]1 cov]$ ) slight blue bloom2 t5drils int]mitt5t to cont9u\s1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves m$ium 9 size1 light gre52 l[] surface grayi%-:ite1 pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s ne>ly /]ile to p>tly f]tile1 op5 m$ium late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s soon aft] ,niag>a1 %ips well & keeps into ! w9t]4 ,clu/]s m$ium to above 9 size1 ( av]age wid?1 (t5 blunt at ends1 usually n %\ld]$1 int]m$iate 9 compactness1 ) _m abortive fruits4 ,b]ries m$ium to l>ge1 slightly oval or obovate1 dull gre5 *ang+ to a fa9t yell[ t+e1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom4 ,fle% pale gre51 t5d] & s(t1 v9\s1 ne>ly sweet at sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 fair to good 9 quality b n equal to "s o!r :ite grapes ( ! same season4 ,se$s int]m$iate 9 size & l5g?4 ,,gl5feld4#ahi 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fbd4 #ahib4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahig3ai4 #c4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecj1 #edh1 #eee4 #ahih4 ,gr[n 9 ! ,/ation v9ey>d s9ce #ahhi1 ,gl5feld has made a some:at favorable impression because ( its excell5t quality b x seems n to h be5 well receiv$ ?r\gh\t ! ,/ate & x is d\btful if x has m ?an a local reputation ab\t ! place ( its orig94 ,x is equal$ or surpass$1 h[ev]1 by _m o!r v>ieties ( its season 9 v9e *>act]s & !re is !re=e little ne$ t x %\ld be long] p]petuat$1 ?\gh x may be wor?y a place 9 ! g>d54 ,gl5feld 0 f\nd on ! place ( ,george ,j4 ,magee ( ,watk9s1 ,new ,york4 ,mr4 ,magee reports t ! v9e 0 on ! place :5 he pur*as$ x & ! =m] own] knew no?+ ( x4 ,! v>iety 0 locally suppos$ to be a se$l+ ( ,concord4 ,x 0 s5t to ?is ,/ation = te/+ 9 #ahhi4 ,= "s reason x 0 plac$ ^u ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog = #ahig4 ,su* action 0 h>dly ju/ifi$1 z ! v>iety _h nev] be5 te/$ except 9 "o or two neighborhoods1 & x 0 tak5 (f at ! next meet+4 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy except 9 sev]e w9t]s1 produces good crops4 ,canes long1 num]\s to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves (t5 v l>ge1 v>iable 9 color1 m$ium to ?ick2 l[] surface t+$ ) bronze1 /rongly pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s ne>ly f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season or e>li]2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s e>ly 9 ,octob]1 keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to bel[ m$ium1 v>iable 9 %ape1 usually ) a m$ium-siz$ s+le %\ld]1 n uni=m 9 compactness4 ,b]ries ne>ly l>ge to bel[ m$ium1 r\ndi%1 unique 9 color be+ a r dull olive gre5 cov]$ ) a%-gray bloom1 some:at incl9$ to %att]4 ,fle% t5d]1 v9\s1 ) an agreeable flavor1 sweet at sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 broad4 ,,goe!4 7,v9if]a1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfj3hf4 #b4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfa3fh4 #c4 ,horticulturi/1 #ah3ih1 #ii4 #ahfc4 #d4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfg3afj4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfg3dd4 #f4 ,horticulturi/1 #bd3abf4 #ahfi4 #g4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #e3bfa4 #ahfi4 #h4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3dc1 #aej1 #ahj1 #bci1 #bda1 fig41 #bdb1 #bif4 #ahfi4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3ch1 #afb4 #aj4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aja1 fig41 #ajb4 #aa4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaej1 #aaeg4 #ahih4 #ab4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ci1 #dc1 #dd1 #de1 #ej1 #ed4 #ahii4 #ac4 ,miss4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3ad4 #ahii4 ,,rog]s' ,,no4 #a 7#a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e74 ,rog]s' ,no4 #a 7#f1 #g1 #h1 #aj74 ,( all ,rog]s' hybrids ,goe! %[s mo/ ( ! ,v9if]a *>act]s1 resembl+ 9 appe>ance to a m>k$ degree ! ,:ite ,malaga ( ,european fame & n fall+ f> %ort ( ! be/ ,old ,_w grape 9 quality4 ,?is is :5 x is well gr[n2 b "h lies ! fault ) ,goe!1 = x is mo/ difficult to gr[ well especially 9 ! ,nor? :]e ! seasons are usually n long en\gh = its full maturity4 ,:5 x does rip5 9 nor!rn latitudes x is unsurpass$ 9 flavor by any o!r ( ! grapes ( its class4 ,! v9e is h>dy 9 ,new ,york2 vigor\s to a fault1 = 9 v ri* soils x makes too great a gr[?2 x does be/ 9 s&s or gravels2 x is fairly immune to mildew1 rot & o!r diseases2 & :]e x succe$s (t5 be>s s freely t ?9n+ becomes a necessity4 ,add$ to its high quality1 :i* makes x a spl5did table grape1 ,goe! keeps well1 la/+ long into ! w9t]4 ,x is excell5t = w9e ?\gh x is too difficult to gr[ to make x pr(itable = ?is purpose4 ,un=tunately ?is v>iety rip5s s late t x _c be recomm5d$ = ,new ,york4 ,! accompany+ color-plate does n d ! v>iety full ju/ice z good specim5s c\ld n be obta9$ = illu/ration 9 ! unfavorable season ( #aijg4 ,nei!r size1 nor %ape ( clu/]1 nor color ( fruit are q z we %\ld l to h !m %[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,goe! ,e4 ,s4 ,rog]s ( ,salem1 ,massa*usetts1 produc$ ,goe! z "o ( 8 fam\s ,labrusca-,v9if]a hybrids & = its e>ly hi/ory ! read] is ref]r$ to ,rog]s' ,hybrids4 ,x is fir/ m5tion$ sep>ately f o!rs ( ^! productions 9 #aheh "u ! "n ,rog]s' ,no4 #a4 ,x 0 plac$ ^u ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahfg1 :]e x /ill rema9s4 ,9 #ahfi ,mr4 ,rog]s nam$ ! grape ,goe! aft] ! great ,g]man poet & naturali/4 ,:ile highly e/eem$ 9 ! ,nor?1 x succe$s bett] & is !re=e m commonly gr[n 9 ! ,middle & ,s\? ,atlantic ,/ates & 9 ! valleys ( ! ,ohio & ( ! l[] ,miss\ri4 ,v9e vigor\s to m$ium1 h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess1 some:at subject to mildew 9 unfavorable locations4 ,canes above m$ium to %ort1 ( av]age numb] & ?ickness1 r d>k br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 slightly flatt5$2 int]nodes v %ort2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? bel[ m$ium 9 size2 %oots /rongly pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s ) t5d5cy to int]mitt5t1 r long1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds int]m$iate 9 size1 l5g? & ?ickness1 conical to ne>ly obtuse1 op5 v late4 ,"y leaves t+$ lightly on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves v>iable 9 size1 irregul>ly r\ndi%1 m$ium to some:at ?92 upp] surface light gre51 glossy1 ( av]age smoo?ness2 l[] surface pale gre5 to bronze1 pubesc5t1 ve9s v di/9ct2 leaf usually n lob$1 ) t]m9us broadly acute2 petiol> s9us ( av]age dep?1 n>r[1 clos$ & frequ5tly ov]lapp+2 basal s9us usually lack+2 lat]al s9us %all[1 (t5 a m]e not*2 tee? %all[ to m$ium1 r n>r[4 ,fl[]s p>tly f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s consid]ably lat] ?an ,concord1 keeps unusually well4 ,clu/]s int]m$iate 9 size1 %ort to m$ium1 r broad1 widely tap]+1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 usually two bun*es to a %oot1 int]m$iate 9 compactness2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 ( av]age ?ickness2 p$icel ne>ly long1 ?ick1 cov]$ ) num]\s1 conspicu\s w>ts1 wide at po9t ( atta*m5t to b]ry2 bru% long1 sl5d] to /\t1 pale gre5 to yell[i%-br[n4 ,b]ries v l>ge to above m$ium1 oval to ne>ly r\ndi%1 pale r$1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray or slightly lilac bloom1 p]si/5t1 ( av]age firmness4 ,sk9 ?91 t5d] to m$ium1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 fa9tly a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 incl9$ to t5d]ness1 r co>se1 ne>ly sweet at sk9 b decid$ly t>t at c5t]1 ) "s ,v9if]a sprightl9ess1 rank+ good to v good 9 quality1 does n rea* its be/ flavor 9 _m localities 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,se$s sep>ate f ! pulp ) difficulty unless fully ripe1 "o to ?ree1 av]age two1 l>ge1 long1 ( av]age ?ickness1 v slightly not*$1 incl9$ to bluntness1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( fair size1 decid$ly above c5t]1 pe>-%ap$1 di/9ct4 ,mu/ #gh4 ,,g(f4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 ,ae/ivalis47 ,dur+ ! qu>t] c5tury ! ,new ,york ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation has be5 9 exi/5ce1 ! bre$+ ( grapes has be5 "o ( ! *ief l9es ( horticultural "w4 ,pr(essor ,e4 ,s4 ,g(f1 ! fir/ ,/ation horticulturi/1 began ?is "w z e>ly z #ahhe & produc$ a numb] ( se$l+ grapes :i* 7 numb]$ b n nam$4 ,9 cont9u+ ?is "w1 ,pr(essor ,s4 ,a4 ,bea*1 successor to ,pr(essor ,g(f1 plant$ se$ f "s ( ! orig9al se$l+s & f "o ( ^! came a some:at rem>kable grape to :i* we h giv5 ! "n ,g(f4 ,?is new v>iety fir/ bore fruit 9 #ahih & at once attract$ att5tion4 ,9 #aija x 0 aw>d$ a silv] m$al z a m]itori\s se$l+ at ! ,pan-,am]ican ,exposition4 ,specim5s ( x s5t to sev]al viticultural exp]ts 7 highly spok5 ( & 9 ! ye>s x has be5 9 fruit on ! ,/ation gr\nds x has made a mo/ excell5t record4 ,un=tunately ! p$igree ( ?is grape c nev] be kn[n4 ,n only 7 ! p>5ts ( ! orig9al se$l+ unkn[n1 b ! imm$iate p>5t 0 op5 to cross-poll9ation 9 a v9ey>d ( _m v>ieties4 ,all :o h exam9$ ! fruit & v9es ( ,g(f are well agre$ t ! v>iety %[s v di/9ctly ,labrusca & ,v9if]a *>act]s & "s ma9ta9 t !re are indications ( ,ae/ivalis z well4 ,z to ! proportion ( ^! ?ree species1 if all be pres5t1 no "o w\ld c>e to haz>d a guess4 ,! g5]al appe>ance ( ,g(f is well %[n 9 ! accompany+ color-plate ?\gh ! cyl9drical %ape & enl>g$ l[] end ( ! bun* are m pron\nc$ ?an 9 typical specim5s4 ,because ( ! peculi> %ape ( bo? bun* & b]ry ! fruit _c be call$ h&some ?\gh ! color is suffici5tly attractive4 ,! quality ( ,g(f is ( ! highe/1 be+ h>dly surpass$ by any ( ! commonly gr[n grapes ( ?is c\ntry4 ,! flavor is sweet1 ri* & v9\s & ! pulp1 :ile firm1 is t5d] & readily p>ts f ! se$s4 ,9 g5]al ! flavor is t ( a ,labrusca-,v9if]a hybrid ?\gh !re is a spic9ess 9 x t sugge/s an admixture ( ,ae/ivalis2 ! fle% *>act]s are bett] ?an ^? ( ! av]age hybrid ( ! two fir/ nam$ species1 be+ less pulpy & co>se4 ,probably ! mo/ valuable "* ( ,g(f is ! long keep+ quality ( ! fruit 9 :i* respect x f> surpasses ! sev]al comm]cial v>ieties ( ?is ,/ate & equals ! be/ keep+ ,am]ican grapes kn[n4 ,9 a te/ dur+ ! w9t] ( #aijg-jh ( ! keep+ qualities ( #bee v>ieties ( grapes f ! ,/ation v9ey>ds1 kept 9 eight-p\nd baskets 9 common /orage1 unwrapp$1 ,g(f 0 "o ( ! f\r be/ keep]s1 ,can&aigua1 ,wild] & ,v]g5nes be+ ! o!r ?ree4 ,^! f\r v>ieties kept 9 v good condition until ,april #af1 & "u circum/ances n altoge!r favorable4 ,illu/ration3 ,,g(f ,! v9e *>act]s ( ,g(f are exceptionally good on ! ,/ation gr\nds4 ,! v9es are vigor\s1 h>dy1 v productive1 & ! foliage is heal?y4 ,all ( ! above *>act]s are develop$ to an ext5t seldom f\nd 9 a v>iety %[+ ! specific blood indicat$ 9 ! ,g(f4 ,9 ^! respects1 tak+ all ( !m1 ?is v>iety surpasses any ( ,rog]s' hybrids1 grapes ) :i* x c be be/ comp>$4 ,! v>iety is n[ di/ribut$ = te/+ 9 ! v>i\s grape regions ( ! ,/ate & if ! reports ( its behavior are satisfactory1 x w be g5]ally di/ribut$ )9 a few ye>s4 ,v9e vigor\s to v vigor\s1 h>dy1 v productive4 ,canes m$ium to long1 num]\s1 (t5 r ?ick1 d>k br[n ) slight r$di% t+e2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes int]m$iate 9 l5g?2 diaphragm ?ick to m$ium2 pi? ( av]age size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 sometimes int]mitt5t1 long1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds int]m$iate 9 size & ?ickness1 %ort to m$ium1 plump1 conical to r\ndly obtuse1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves t+$ on l[] side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) light rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves heal?y1 m$ium to l>ge1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface light gre52 smoo? to rugose1 dull2 l[] surface pale gre51 slightly cobwebby2 ve9s fairly di/9ct2 lobes ?ree to five 9 numb] ) t]m9al lobe obtuse to acute2 petiol> s9us deep1 n>r[2 basal s9us m$ium to %all[1 r wide2 lat]al s9us deep1 wide2 tee? %all[1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season or lat]1 sometimes on plan ( six2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s a little lat] ?an ,concord1 keeps unusually well4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 long to m$ium1 frequ5tly v sl5d]1 cyl9drical1 surface ( clu/] (t5 irregul> ) blunt end l>g] ?an ! "p above1 usually n %\ld]$1 or ) a small s+le %\ld]1 compact2 p$uncle usually %ort1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 p$icel r %ort1 ( av]age ?ickness1 cov]$ ) few1 if any w>ts1 wide at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% %ort1 sl5d]1 pale gre5 ) fa9t br[n t+e4 ,b]ries v>iable 9 size1 av]ag+ ab\t ! size ( ,concord1 frequ5tly mis%ap51 /rongly flatt5$1 n uni=m1 d>k r$di%-purple1 cov]$ ) heavy lilac or blui% bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ?ick1 int]m$iate 9 t\ghness1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 ) bright r$ pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 t5d]1 a little co>se1 some:at v9\s1 sweet f sk9 to c5t]1 v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to five1 av]age ?ree1 int]m$iate 9 size1 v>iable 9 bread?1 ( m$ium l5g?1 r %>p-po9t$1 light br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( fair size1 above c5t]1 di/9ct4 ,,gold ,,co94 7,ae/ivalis1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3afb4 #ahia4 #b4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfd4 #ahic4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3abh4 #d4 ,husmann1 #ahie3abi4 #e4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #gc3ahc4 #ahig4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahii3bh4 #g4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bfg1 #bgg4 #aijj4 #h4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fa3gbb4 #aijb4 ,gold ,co9 is at ! head ( ,munson's ,gold ,co9 ,family#aij hav+ be5 produc$ by cross+ ,norton & ,m>?a4 ,un=tunately ! v>iety is only ( g5]al int]e/ 9 ,new ,york z x does n succe$ s f> nor?1 ! summ] seasons be+ too %ort4 ,:]e x succe$s x is a h&some m>ket v>iety ( v good quality & makes an excell5t :ite w9e4 ,! v9es are productive & are report$ to be unusually free f attacks ( fungal diseases4 ,z indicat$ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph1 ?is v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,t4 ,v4 ,munson ( ,d5ison1 ,texas4 ,x sprung f se$ ( ,cyn?iana or ,norton#aia poll9at$ by ,m>?a :i* 0 plant$ 9 #ahhc & 0 introduc$ by ! orig9ator 9 #ahid4 ,gold ,co9 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahii4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 h>dy1 produces heavy crops4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g? & numb]1 r sl5d]2 t5drils cont9u\s & sometimes int]mitt5t1 trifid to bifid4 ,leaves m$ium to above 9 size1 mod]ately light gre51 slightly rugose2 l[] surface pale gre51 t+$ ) bronze1 heavily pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s ne>ly f]tile2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s aft] mid-season1 keeps long 9 good condition4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 n v long1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 v>iable 9 compactness4 ,b]ries l>ge to bel[ m$ium1 r\ndi% to slightly oval1 yell[i%-gre5 ) a di/9ct trace ( r$di%-amb]1 cov]$ ) a m$ium am\nt ( gray bloom1 usually p]si/5t4 ,sk9 cov]$ ) small scatt]+ br[n dots1 ?91 incl9$ to t\ghness4 ,fle% some:at t\gh1 fa9tly aromatic1 t>t f sk9 to c5t]1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 some:at num]\s1 above m$ium to m$ium 9 size1 n not*$2 raphe %[s z a di/9ct cord4 ,,gold5 ,,drop4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 ,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,montreal ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhj3aab4 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ajb4 fig4 #c4 ,b>ry1 #ahhc3ddg4 #d4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #bh3ag4 #ahhc4 #e4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3dd1 #ea4 #aija4 ,gold5 ,drop is an e>ly :ite grape n[ ne>ly lo/ to cultivation b once some:at popul> because ( its high quality4 ,its h>d9ess & e>l9ess might make x a valuable grape = nor!rn latitudes :]e m commonly cultivat$ v>ieties d n mature ) c]ta9ty4 ,x is some:at susceptible to fungal diseases1 mildew especially1 & ne$s m ?an ord9>y c>e4 ,?is v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,c4 ,g4 ,pr+le ( ,*>lotte1 ,v]mont1 f se$ ( ,adirondac f]tiliz$ ) ,delaw>e1 plant$ 9 #ahfi & introduc$ by ,b4 ,k4 ,bliss ( ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahhj4 ,x has nev] be5 popul> b is /ill sold by an occasional nurs]yman4 ,v9e vigor\s to weak1 n productive1 incl9$ to mildew4 ,canes long to m$ium1 num]\s1 d>k br[n2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t1 bifid4 ,leaves int]m$iate 9 size1 light gre52 l[] surface pale gre51 v slightly pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s /]ile or ne>ly s1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s %ortly be=e ,niag>a1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s small1 ( m$ium l5g?1 sl5d]1 r cyl9drical1 loose4 ,b]ries m$ium to small1 r\ndi% to slightly oval1 light gre5 ) dull yell[i%-r$ t+e 9 ! sun1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,fle% t5d] & s(t1 n foxy1 sweet1 v mild1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s m$ium to small1 %ort4 ,,gre5 ,,e>ly4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijb3bbc4 #b4 ,ib41 #aije3bif4 ,gre5 ,e>ly is a :ite grape com+ 9 season ) ,w9*ell :i* surpasses x 9 mo/ *>act]s1 quality 9 p>ticul>4 ,?is v>iety is n to be confus$ ) ,*as4 ,a4 ,gre51 also a :ite grape1 :i* 0 orig9at$ by ,f4 ,w4 ,l\don ( ,janesville1 ,wiscons91 & 0 introduc$ by ,*as4 ,a4 ,gre5 ( ,ro*e/]4 ,we h n be5 able to get a complete description ( ! latt] v>iety4 ,gre5 ,e>ly 0 f\nd gr[+ by ! side ( a dit* ne> a ,concord v9ey>d1 on l& belong+ to ,o4 ,j4 ,gre5e ( ,portl&1 ,*autauqua ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,! v9e 0 transplant$ into a nurs]y 9 #ahhg4 ,! p>5tage ( ! v>iety is unkn[n b x is cr$it$ to ,concord ow+ to its resemblance to t v>iety4 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 ! late n9eties by ,j4 ,h4 ,gre5e ( ,portl&1 ,new ,york1 & ,h4 ,w4 ,bl[]s ( ,we/field1 ,new ,york4 ,v9e m$ium to v vigor\s1 usually h>dy1 productive4 ,canes v>iable 9 l5g? & ?ickness1 d>k-r$di% br[n2 t5drils cont9u\s1 sometimes int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves v>iable 9 size1 m$ium gre52 l[] surface pale gre51 pubesc5t2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,moore ,e>ly or ) ,concord 9 "s locations1 does n keep long & is only a fair %ipp]4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 l5g? & bread?1 sometimes s+le-%\ld]$1 v>iable 9 compactness4 ,b]ries above m$ium to ne>ly small1 oval to slightly r\ndi%1 light gre5 t+$ ) yell[1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 mod]ately p]si/5t1 r s(t4 ,sk9 ne>ly ?91 t5d]1 incl9$ to crack4 ,fle% slightly t\gh & aromatic1 almo/ sweet at sk9 to acid at c5t]1 fair flavor & quality4 ,se$s m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 int]m$iate 9 l5g? & bread?1 %>p-po9t$4 ,,gre9 ,,gold54 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3cc4 #b4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3afb1 #afd4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ajc4 #d4 ,kan4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhi-ij3bj4 app4 #e4 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3bij1 #dij1 #eii4 #ahij4 #f4 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aj3aj4 #ahij4 #g4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfd4 #ahic4 #h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ae3bid4 #ahif4 #i4 ,ib41 #ag3eca1 #edh1 #eee4 #ahih4 ,gre9's ,no4 #b 7#c74 ,gre9 ,gold5 ranks ) ,miss\ri ,riesl+ z ! be/ ( ,ni*olas ,gre9's sev]al se$l+s ( ,taylor1 bo? be+ improvem5ts ov] ! p>5t v>iety4 ,x is v simil> to ,miss\ri ,riesl+ b is1 on ! ,/ation gr\nds1 & 9 g5]al1 a mu* /rong] gr[]4 ,= a v>iety ( ! ,taylor gr\p1 bo? clu/] & b]ry are l>ge & uni=m1 :i*1 ) ! attractive gold5 color ( ! b]ries1 make x a mo/ h&some fruit4 ,b z ! v>iety gr[s 9 ,new ,york ! flavor is n at all pleas+1 be+ an unusual comm+l+ ( sweetness & acidity q disagreeable to mo/ palates2 & s :ile its habit ( gr[?1 h>d9ess1 heal? ( v9e & productiv5ess are su* z w\ld make ! v>iety acceptable ! quality ( ! fruit condemns x = table use4 ,9 fact ! la/ rem>k applies 9 a great] or less degree to all ( ! v>ieties ( ! ,taylor gr\p = ?is ,/ate--!y fall s f> %ort 9 quality t !y c nev] be ( value z m>ket or table grapes4 ,all are suitable = w9e & ,gre9 ,gold5 9 p>ticul> is said to make a v good :ite w9e4 ,! fruit ( ?is v>iety cracks badly 9 wet wea!r & does n keep nor %ip well1 sk9 & fle% be+ v t5d]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gre9 ,,gold5 ,ni*olas ,gre9 ( ,h]mann1 ,miss\ri1 produc$ ,gre9 ,gold5 ov] ?irty ye>s ago4 ,x is g5]ally suppos$ to be f se$ ( ,taylor4 ,gre9 /ates t he plant$ se$ ( ! ,european ,riesl+ & ( ,taylor at ! same "t1 & t ! ,taylor did n g]m9ate b t ! ,european ,riesl+ did1 "o ( ! se$l+s be+ ,gre9 ,gold54 ,z ! ,gre9 ,gold5 %[s ,rip>ia v pla9ly1 ) no trace ( ,v9if]a1 x is g5]ally suppos$ t ! se$s 7 mix$ & t ,gre9 ,gold5 is a ,taylor se$l+4 ,! v>iety has be5 & /ill is a comm]cial sort 9 ! w9e di/ricts ( ! middle ,we/4 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive4 ,canes long to m$ium1 num]\s1 some:at sl5d]1 r d>k r$di%-br[n2 nodes slightly enl>g$1 usually flatt5$2 int]nodes long to m$ium2 diaphragm ( av]age ?ickness2 pi? int]m$iate 9 size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 ( fair l5g?1 trifid to sometimes bifid4 ,leaf-buds ( av]age size1 %ort to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 conical to po9t$1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves fa9tly t+$ on l[] side only ) fa9te/ rose c>m9e4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 dull1 mod]ately smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 slightly pubesc5t2 ve9s n conspicu\s2 lobes none to ?ree ) t]m9us acute2 petiol> s9us deep1 m$ium to n>r[2 basal s9us usually lack+2 lat]al s9us %all[1 wide1 frequ5tly obscure2 tee? m$ium to deep1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,niag>a1 does n keep nor %ip well4 ,clu/]s l>ge1 long to m$ium1 some:at broad1 tap]+1 irregul>1 (t5 heavily s+le-%\ld]$1 loose to mod]ately compact2 p$uncle above av]age l5g?1 ?icki%2 p$icel int]m$iate 9 l5g? & ?ickness1 cov]$ ) few1 inconspicu\s w>ts2 bru% sl5d]1 m$ium 9 l5g?1 pale gre54 ,b]ries uni=m 9 size1 r l>ge1 r\ndi%1 attractive light gre5 (t5 ) t+e ( gold5 yell[ or p9ki%-yell[1 glossy1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 int]m$iate 9 firmness4 ,sk9 v ?91 t5d]1 (t5 incl9$ to crack1 does n adh]e to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 v juicy1 t5d]1 v9\s1 slightly sweet next ! sk9 b decid$ly acid at c5t]1 m$ium to good 9 quality1 bett] ?an ,elvira4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp :5 mature1 two to f\r 9 numb]1 av]age two & ?ree1 above m$ium 9 size1 broad1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 plump1 light to d>k br[n2 raphe %[s z a small b prom95t cord2 *alaza r l>ge1 at c5t] or slightly above1 oval1 usually di/9ct4 ,,h>t=d4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #ah3aad4 #aheb4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahef3cf1 #afe4 #c4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bd3aca4 #aheh4 #d4 ,horticulturi/1 #ac3abb1 #aff4 #aheh4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfb3ij4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfb3acf1 #adj4 #g4 ,ib41 #ahha3aag1 #aai1 #abc1 #acf1 #ach1 #aec1 #aed1 #aeh1 #afb1 #afh4 #h4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ajc4 #i4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3cbg4 #ahij4 #aj4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3ace4 #ahih4 #aa4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3eca1 #eda1 #edd1 #edh1 #eeb1 #eee4 #ahih4 #ab4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ci1 #db1 #dd1 #df4 #ahii4 ,,h>t=d ,,prolific 7#a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #h74 ,/eele's ,se$l+ 7#d74 ,= _m ye>s ,h>t=d 0 look$ ^u z "o ( ! /&>d e>ly black grapes1 if n ! /&>d4 ,x is n[ be+ v l>gely sup]s$$1 & greatly to ! bett]m5t ( viticulture1 by o!r grapes ( its season ( bett] quality1 ?\gh x is /ill q commonly gr[n 9 ,new ,york at lea/4 ,x is probable t = _m ye>s !re w be locations 9 :i* ,h>t=d may be pr(itably cultivat$ 7"s 9 :i* x alone w be wor? gr[+71 & purposes = :i* x may be recomm5d$4 ,! _m good *>act]s ( ! v9e make x a desirable grape = bre$+ "w4 ,! v9e ( ,h>t=d c be well *>act]iz$ by its good qualities b ! fruit is be/ describ$ ?r\gh its faults4 ,! plants are vigor\s1 prolific1 heal?y1 & ! fruit is borne e>ly 9 ! season1 rip5+ f a week to two weeks 9 advance ( ! ,concord4 ,aft] ,concord ! ,h>t=d is "o ( ! mo/ fruitful ( ,am]ican grapes4 ,! canes are rem>kable = _! /\tness & = ! crooks at ! jo9ts4 ,! bun*es are n unattractive 7! color-plate fails to d !m ju/ice z to size & color71 b ! quality ( ! fruit is l[1 ev5 = an e>ly grape :]e ! highe/ quality is h>dly expect$4 ,! fle% is pulpy & unpleasant to eat :ile ! flavor is bo? too insipid & too foxy to be good4 ,because ( its poor quality1 n[ t !re are s _m really good e>ly grapes1 ,h>t=d %\ld be disc>d$4 ,b !re is ano!r reason = ceas+ its culture4 ,! b]ries %ell badly ei!r on ! v9e or :5 pack$ = %ipp+1 s t ! fruit nei!r %ips1 packs1 nor keeps well4 ,! competition ( ! s\!rn /ates f :i* lat] & bett] v>ieties c be %ipp$ to nor!rn cities to compete ) ,h>t=d is /ill ano!r reason = ! pass+ ( ?is v>iety f comm]cial cultivation4 ,/ill o!r faults are t x colors a long :ile be=e x is ripe2 & x is only p>tly self-f]tile s t 9 seasons :5 !re is bad wea!r dur+ bloom+ "t ! clu/]s are usually loose & /raggl+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h>t=d ,! orig9al v9e ( ,h>t=d 0 a *ance se$l+ 9 ! g>d5 ( ,paphro ,/eele ( ,we/ ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut4 ,x fruit$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahdi4 ,?is se$l+ 0 suppos$ by ^? famili> ) ! surr\nd+s at ! "t to be a cross ( ,isabella & ! wild fox grape4 ,x 0 nam$ ,h>t=d ,prolific by ! ,h>t=d ,c\nty ,horticultural ,society4 ,! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society plac$ x 9 _! fruit catalog 9 #ahfb & x has nev] be5 remov$4 ,! ^w ,prolific appe>s to h be5 dropp$ f ?is "n by common cons5t ab\t #ahij4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 injur$ 9 sev]e w9t]s1 v productive z an e>ly grape4 ,does n require z close prun+ z _m o!r v>ieties4 ,canes above m$ium 9 l5g?1 int]m$iate 9 numb]1 n ?ick1 d>k br[n1 cov]$ ) consid]able pubesc5ce2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to %ort2 diaphragm m$ium to bel[ 9 ?ickness2 pi? ( av]age size2 %oots v pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 long1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds ( av]age size1 %ort1 ?ick to m$ium1 obtuse to conical4 ,leaves ne>ly l>ge1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 dull1 rugose2 l[] surface pale gre51 (t5 ) trace ( bronze1 ?9ly pubesc5t2 ve9s indi/9ct2 lobes v>iable ) t]m9us blunt to acute2 petiol> s9us m$ium to deep1 n>r[2 basal s9us usually lack+2 lat]al s9us %all[1 n>r[1 (t5 a m]e not*2 tee? %all[1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s e>ly1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s above av]age size1 ne>ly long1 sl5d] except :5 %\ld]$1 slightly tap]+1 irregul>1 (t5 ) a long1 l>ge1 s+le %\ld]1 loose2 p$uncle long to m$ium1 ( fair size2 p$icel %ort1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 cov]$ ) few small w>ts2 bru% gre5i% ) dull t+e ( r$di%-br[n4 ,b]ries regul> 9 size av]ag+ above m$ium1 r\ndi% to oval1 black1 n glossy1 cov]$ ) blue bloom1 drop badly f p$icel1 ( av]age firmness4 ,sk9 ?ick1 t\gh1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s mu* purpli%-r$ pigm5t1 some:at a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 juicy1 t\ghi%1 /r+y & foxy1 r sweet at sk9 b some:at t>t at c5t]1 resembles ,concord b ranks bel[ t v>iety 9 flavor & quality4 ,se$s sep>ate r easily1 "o to f\r1 av]age ?ree or f\r1 int]m$iate 9 size1 almo/ broad1 ( fair l5g?1 d>k br[n2 raphe obscure2 *alaza int]m$iate 9 size1 at c5t] or slightly above1 irregul>ly circul>1 r di/9ct4 ,mu/ #ga4 ,,hayes4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #ba3cdj4 #ahhj4 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ajf4 fig4 #c4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 ,pt4 #a1 #ahhd3bb1 #bc4 #d4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe-f3afi4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahhi3bd4 #f4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3cca4 #ahij4 #g4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ec3faf1 #fde4 #ahid4 #h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3eca1 #eda1 #edh1 #eeb4 #ahih4 ,f4 ,b4 ,,hayes 7#g74 ,,francis ,b4 ,,hayes 7#c1 #d74 ,francis ,b4 ,hayes 7#b1 #f74 ,moore's ,no4 #ca 7#b74 ,9 #ahhj ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society aw>d$ a fir/ class c]tificate ( m]it to ,hayes & x 0 v favorably spok5 ( by _m exp]t grape-gr[]s 9 ,new ,engl& & ! ,ea/4 ,^! recomm5dations br\ght x prom95tly be=e grape-gr[]s & = a "t x 0 a some:at popul> v>iety1 b z x became bett] kn[n sev]al defects became app>5t & its popul>ity wan$4 ,! v9e is h>dy & vigor\s b ! gr[? is sl[ & 9 ,new ,york at lea/ ! v>iety is a %y or prec>i\s be>] & bo? bun*es & b]ries are too small & v>iable to make x an attractive grape4 ,besides x comes at a "t1 a week or t5 days e>li] ?an ,concord1 :5 !re are _m o!r really good gre5 grapes4 ,excell5t ?\gh x is 9 quality1 x is h>dly wor? giv+ a place 9 ?is ,/ate = any purpose4 ,! foliage is t5d] to ! heat ( summ] & ! v>iety is n !re=e adapt$ to s\!rn or we/]n localities4 ,john ,b4 ,moore ( ,concord1 ,massa*usetts1 is ! orig9ator ( ,hayes4 ,x is said to be a se$l+ ( ,concord & "o ( ! same lot ( se$l+s z ,moore ,e>ly4 ,x 0 fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahgb & 0 exhibit$ at ,bo/on two ye>s lat]4 ,! v>iety 0 n introduc$1 h[ev]1 until ! fall ( #ahhd4 ,x is a some:at rem>kable se$l+ ( ,concord = x %[s no fox9ess ( flavor & has t5d]1 delicate fle%1 :i* tak5 toge!r make x ( high quality4 ,hayes illu/rates well ! fact m5tion$ "u ,concord t ! light color$ se$l+s ( t v>iety are usually ( high quality4 ,! int]mitt5t t5drils & c]ta9 *>act]s ( ! se$s indicate t !re is "s species pres5t besides ,labrusca1 probably ,v9if]a4 ,v9e v>iable 9 vigor & productiv5ess1 usually h>dy & heal?y4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 num]\s1 r sl5d]2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves n uni=m 9 size1 ne>ly d>k gre52 l[] surface consid]ably pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s almo/ /]ile1 op5 m$ium late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s f a week to t5 days e>li] ?an ,concord1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size & l5g?1 (t5 s+le-%\ld]$1 n uni=m 9 compactness4 ,b]ries above m$ium to small1 r\ndi%1 gre5i%-yell[ to slightly gold5 yell[1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 ?91 t5d]1 cov]$ ) few small r$di%-br[n dots4 ,fle% f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 v9\s1 sweet at sk9 to agreeably t>t at c5t]1 r mild1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s few1 ( av]age size1 m$ium to %ort1 (t5 plump4 ,,headlight4 7,v9if]a1 ,labrusca1 ,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fj3fcg4 #aija4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijc3hb4 #c4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,yr4 ,bk41 #aijc3bgf4 col4 pl4 #d4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijd3cja1 #cjf4 ,headlight is "o ( ! mo/ promis+ ( ,munson's _m valuable grapes4 ,possibly x is m valuable = s\!rn v9ey>ds ?an = nor!rn ones1 yet x is wor?y ( trial 9 ! ,nor?4 ,its m]itori\s *>act]s are3 ,productiv5ess1 outyield+ ,delaw>e ) :i* x w\ld compete 9 ,new ,york2 disease-resi/ant foliage & v9es little affect$ by mildew & r>ely attack$ by black-rot ev5 9 ! ,s\?2 m ?an av]age vigor ( v9e1 ?\gh x has fall5 %ort ( expectations 9 ?is respect 9 ! ,/ation v9ey>d2 high quality ( ! fruit1 be+ almo/ ! equal ( ,delaw>e 9 flavor & hav+ t5d] melt+ pulp :i* readily p>ts f ! se$s2 & e>l9ess1 rip5+ be=e ,delaw>e & hang+ on ! v9es or keep+ aft] be+ pick$ = "s "t )\t det]ioration 9 ei!r quality or appe>ance4 ,?\gh a s\!rn grape x has prov$ p]fectly h>dy "h & 7 x n t x mu/ compete 9 ! ,nor? ) _m o!r good grapes1 ,delaw>e 9 p>ticul>1 x might take high place 9 nor!rn viticulture4 ,ev5 ) su* competition x is well wor? a trial 9 ei!r ! amateur or comm]cial v9ey>ds ( ,new ,york4 ,x w\ld seem t = ! ,s\? its resi/ance to disease %\ld make x a valuable comm]cial v>iety4 ,! orig9ator ( ,headlight1 ,t4 ,v4 ,munson1 /ates 9 a p]sonal lett] t x came f ,moy] se$ f]tiliz$ by ,brilliant4 ,! se$ f :i* ! v>iety came 0 plant$ 9 #ahie & ! new grape 0 introduc$ 9 #aija by ! produc]4 ,:ile ,headlight is z yet comp>atively little kn[n1 x is be+ te/$ 9 _m ( ! grape regions ( ! c\ntry & its value %\ld soon be kn[n4 ,su* reports ( its behavior z h be5 made are 9 ! ma9 v favorable4 ,v9e at ?is ,/ation m$ium to weak1 h>dy1 v productive4 ,canes %ort to m$ium1 few 9 numb]1 sl5d]1 d>k br[n to r$di%-br[n ) small am\nt ( bloom at nodes1 :i* are enl>g$ & usually n flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? bel[ m$ium to ne>ly small2 %oots m or less pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 %ort1 bifid1 v p]si/5t4 ,leaf-buds small & %ort1 incl9$ to sl5d]1 po9t$ to conical1 op5 late4 ,"y leaves heavily t+$ on "u side & lightly on ! upp] side ) bright c>m9e4 ,leaves m$ium to small1 ?ick2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 smoo?i%2 l[] surface pale gre51 ) "s pubesc5ce2 ve9s obscure2 lobes none to ?ree ) t]m9us obtuse to acute2 petiol> s9us int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?2 basal s9us usually lack+2 lat]al s9us %all[1 n>r[2 tee? %all[1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s be=e ,delaw>e1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s small1 %ort1 ( av]age bread?1 tap]+1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 sl5d]2 p$icel %ort1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) a few small1 inconspicu\s w>ts2 bru% yell[i%-br[n4 ,b]ries m$ium to v small1 r\ndi%1 d>k r$ to almo/ purpli%-black1 n glossy1 cov]$ lightly ) blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 v firm4 ,sk9 ( av]age ?ickness1 t\gh1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s m or less light-r$ pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 v juicy1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 v9\s1 sweet f sk9 to c5t]1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to ?ree1 av]age two1 bel[ m$ium 9 size1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 light br[n2 raphe obscure2 *alaza above c5t]1 circul>1 di/9ct4 ,,h]bemont4 7,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,am]4 ,f>m]1 #f3cfi4 #ahbe4 #b4 ,ib41 #aj3baa1 #cbd4 #ahbh4 #c4 ,pr9ce1 #ahcj3aed4 #d4 ,ib41 #ahcj3aed1 #cci4 #e4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #i3cgc4 #ahdc4 #f4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahde3icg1 #idj4 #g4 ,d[n+1 #ahde3beh4 #h4 ,horticulturi/1 #a3ih4 #ahdf4 #i4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahdg3dfd1 #dfe1 #dfi4 #aj4 ,horticulturi/1 #ab3dei4 #aheg4 #aa4 ,d[n+1 #aheg3cci4 #ab4 ,horticulturi/1 #bj3dj4 #ahfe4 #ac4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfg3dd4 #ad4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3ag1 #ei1 #fi1 #ih1 #agc1 #agi1 #beg1 fig41 #beh1 #bfj1 #bif1 #cjb4 #ahfi4 #ae4 ,ib41 #b3gf1 #aha1 #aie1 #bff4 #ahgj4 #af4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3ci4 #ag4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ajd1 #aje4 fig4 #ah4 ,husmann1 #ahie3ahc4 #ai4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3aha1 fig41 #ahb1 #aie4 #ahif4 #bj4 ,tex4 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,feb4 #h1 #ahif3aa4 #ba4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaej1 #aaeg4 #ahih4 #bb4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ci1 #dc1 #de1 #df1 #ej4 #ahii4 #bc4 ,trait g54 de vit41 #f3bef4 #aijc4 ,bottsi 7#bj18bc74 ,br[n ,fr5* 7#bj1 #bc74 ,dunn 7#bj74 ,,h]bemont ,,madeira 7#d1 #e1 #f74 ,h]bemont's ,madeira 7#aj1 #aa1 #ad1 #ag1 #ai1 #bj1 #bc74 ,hunt 7#a74 ,kay's ,se$l+ 7#bj74 ,mc,kee 7#bj1 #bc74 ,neal grape 7#aa1 #bc74 ,neil grape 7#ag1 #ai1 #bc74 ,,w>r5 7#b1 #g1 #aj74 ,w>r5 7#b1 #d1 #f1 #aa1 #ad1 #ag1 #ai1 #bj1 #bc74 ,w>r5d5 7#f74 ,,w>r5ton 7#a1 #b1 #c1 #e74 ,w>r5ton 7#d1 #aj1 #aa1 #ad1 #ag1 #ai1 #bj1 #bc74 ,:ite ,h]bemont 7#bj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,headlight ,9 ! ,s\? ,h]bemont has ! same relative rank among cultivat$ grapes t ! ,concord holds 9 ! ,nor?4 ,! v>iety is injur$ by cold bel[ z]o or !reab\ts & _c be gr[n nor? ( ! ,ohio ,riv] & fails some:at 9 ,miss\ri & ,arkansas because ( its t5d]ness4 ,x requires1 too1 a long season = p]fect maturity4 ,h]bemont is also fa/idi\s z to soil & its cultivation is some:at limit$ by ?is factor4 ,x requires a well-dra9$ w>m soil & "o :i* is abundantly suppli$ ) humus2 ?\gh ! v>iety (t5 ?rives on ! comp>atively poor hill-l& ( ! ,s\?4 ,despite ^! limitations1 ?is v>iety is gr[n 9 an imm5se t]ritory1 ext5d+ f ,virg9ia & ,t5nessee to ! ,gulf & we/w>d ?r\gh ,texas4 ,! synonyms giv5 above are _m ( !m allusions to ! localities 9 :i* x has be5 gr[n1 :ile mo/ ( ! o!rs p]ta9 to its orig91 b all %[ to "s ext5t ! wide dissem9ation ( ?is grape & indicate 9 a measure its m]it4 ,h]bemont is kn[n & widely gr[n 9 ,europe z well z 9 ! s\!rn ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 s\?we/]n ,france :]e ! dem&s ( ! v>iety seem to be p>ticul>ly well fulfill$1 x is firmly e/abli%$ & is highly reg>d$ z a direct produc]4 ,9 nor!rn & c5tral ,france1 h[ev]1 ! w9t]s are too cold & ! seasons too %ort = its pr(itable culture4 ,its use z a /ock 9 ,france is limit$ = x has be5 f\nd to be b m$ium 9 its resi/ance to phyllox]a2 does n gr[ well f cutt+s & is !re=e propagat$ ) difficulty2 ! wood does n be> grafts well & is work$ ) difficulty 9 ei!r field or b5* graft+2 & la/ly ! ,fr5* f9d x v subject to *lorosis1 especially 9 calc>e\s soils4 ,! v9e is1 accord+ to all acc\nts1 a rem>kably vigor\s1 rapid & heal?y gr[]1 be+ h>dly surpass$ 9 ^! *>act]s by any ( our native grapes4 ,! wood is /rong1 abundant & v h>d1 ! latt] a s]i\s difficulty 9 graft+4 ,! fruits are attractive because ( ! size ( ! bun* & ! glossy black ( ! b]ries1 :i* are small z comp>$ ) nor!rn grapes4 ,fruit is borne abundantly & ) c]ta9ty ye> 9 & ye> out 9 suitable localities4 ,! fle% *>act]s ( ! fruit are good = a small grape1 nei!r fle%1 sk9 nor se$s be+ especially objectionable 9 eat+2 ! pulp is t5d] & juicy2 ri*1 sweet & highly flavor$1 ! comb9ation ( fle% & flavor *>act]s giv+ a grape ( high quality4 ,h]bemont is greatly e/eem$ z a table grape & is said to make a v good light r$ w9e4 ,! ample1 lu/r\s gre5 foliage makes ! v>iety "o ( ! attractive ornam5tal plants ( ! ,s\?4 ,h]bemont has be5 mu* us$ 9 grape-bre$+ & to advantage1 = probably no o!r species (f]s z _m desirable *>act]s = ! ,s\? & ,s\?we/ z ! "o to :i* ?is v>iety belongs & be/ repres5ts4 ,!re are n[ sev]al pure-br$ se$l+s ( ,h]bemont "u cultivation & a great] numb] 9 :i* x is "o ( ! p>5ts4 ,( ! =m] ,black ,h]bemont & ! ,ond]donk are good repres5tatives & ,jaeg]1 ,delici\s1 ,mu5*1 ,v9ita1 ,p]ry1 ,mrs4 ,munson & ,neva ,munson1 all f ,munson ( ,texas1 are ,h]bemont cross-bre$s4 ,! hi/ory ( ,h]bemont1 z x mu/ be writt5 f su* in=mation z c n[ be obta9$1 is sc>cely m ?an a collection ( my?ical /ories4 ,! v>iety is kn[n to h be5 9 cultivation 9 ,georgia be=e ! ,revolution>y ,w>1 :5 x 0 g5]ally kn[n "u ! "n ( ,w>r5ton or ,w>r54 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ! la/ c5tury x came to ! h&s ( ,ni*olas ,h]bemont ( ,columbia1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 :o gave x ! "n ,madeira "u a tempor>y supposition t x came f ! isl& ( t "n4 ,?is "n 0 g5]ally *ang$ to ,h]bemont's ,madeira4 ,h]bemont made ! v>iety kn[n to ! public1 s5d+ x to ,william ,r4 ,pr9ce ( ,flu%+1 ,long ,isl&1 & ,ni*olas ,longwor? ( ,c9c9nati1 ! two mo/ prom95t viticulturi/s ( t "t :o1 9 turn1 aid$ 9 its di/ribution4 ,!re h be5 _m contradictory acc\nts ( ! orig9 ( ! grape1 cr$it+ x to ,georgia1 ! ,c>ol9as1 or ,europe4 ,none is support$ by suffici5t evid5ce to make x cr$itable & mo/ ( !m arose at s late a date t x 0 impossible = ! writ]s to "k any?+ ab\t ! facts ( ! case except by he>say evid5ce4 ,! e>ly idea ( _m t x is a ,v9if]a 0 soon dropp$4 ,lat] ?is v>iety & o!rs ( its class 7 kn[n z s\!rn ,ae/ivalis2 h[ev]1 x 0 admitt$ t !y 7 unlike o!r s\!rn ,ae/ivalis4 ,munson gave ^! grapes ! "n ,b\rqu9iana1 a "n t has be5 accept$ z a conv5i5t designation = ! gr\p by "s :o d n accept 8 acc\nt ( its orig94 ,! ,h]bemont & ,l5oir are ! two v>ieties commonly ref]r$ to z typical ( ?is s-call$ species4 ,! hi/ory ( ! culture ( ,h]bemont 9 ! ,nor? has be5 ! same ev]y:]e4 ,x 0 e>ly introduc$ ar\nd ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio1 & ,h]mann1 ,miss\ri1 & = a "t ! gr[]s _h high hopes ( its value4 ,x w9t]-kill$ slightly b !y ov]came ?is by cov]+ ! v9es2 !n ! v>iety %[$ itself susceptible to rot & its culture 0 soon dropp$4 ,9 #ahfg ! ,h]bemont 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog & x has nev] be5 remov$4 ,we h no v9es ( ,h]bemont gr[+ 9 ! ,/ation v9ey>d & ! foll[+ description has be5 collect$ f a v>iety ( s\rces4 ,v9e vigor\s to v vigor\s4 ,canes r long & /rong1 bright gre51 ) m or less purple1 ) consid]able blui%-:ite bloom2 int]nodes %ort2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 ( m$ium size1 bifid or trifid4 ,leaves l>ge1 r\ndi%1 sometimes entire1 or ?ree- to sev5-lob$1 ne>ly glabr\s above & bel[2 upp] surface cle> gre52 l[] surface light] gre51 slightly glauc\s2 ve9s prom95t & cov]$ ) r abundant hair4 ,fl[]s self-f]tile4 ,fruit rip5s v late4 ,clu/]s l>ge1 long1 tap]+ to cyl9drical1 prom95tly %\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle long & /rong2 p$icels some:at %ort ) few r l>ge w>ts2 bru% p9ki%4 ,b]ries r\nd1 bel[ m$ium 9 size1 uni=m1 r$di%-black or br[n ) abundant blue bloom4 ,sk9 ?91 r t\gh1 ) consid]able pigm5t bel[4 ,fle% t5d]1 v juicy2 juice colorless or slightly p9k2 r sweet1 sprightly to slightly acid4 ,se$s two to f\r1 usually two1 small1 r$di%-br[n1 slightly glossy2 *alaza r\nd1 prom95t2 raphe di/9ct4 ,,h]b]t4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #ca3ajf4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,horticulturi/1 #bd3abf4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3ahj1 #ahb4 #ahfi4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfi3db4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3cb1 #dc1 #aba1 #abc1 #acf4 #f4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aji4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fbe4 #ahib4 #h4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfj4 #ahic4 #i4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3eca1 #edh1 #edi1 #eee4 #ahih4 ,,rog]s' ,,no4 #dd 7#a74 ,rog]s' ,no4 #dd 7#b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g74 ,al?\gh ,rog]s' hybrids h n made a great impression ^u ! comm]cial grape culture ( ! c\ntry1 all w agree t !y are h>dly surpass$ = ! home v9ey>d &1 among !m1 at lea/ none ( ! black v>ieties is sup]ior = ?is purpose to ,h]b]t4 ,b>ry equals x & possibly surpasses x to ! ta/e ( mo/ grape connoisseurs 9 delicacy ( flavor b ,h]b]t is ! h&som] fruit1 is a little e>li] & if any?+ its v9e *>act]s are some:at bett]4 ,:5 at its be/1 ,h]b]t1 & ,b>ry too1 ne>ly equal ,black ,hamburg 9 ! *>act]s t con/itute high quality4 ,!y lack ! ri*ness ( ! ,old ,_w v>iety b !y are m sprightly & refre%+ & d n cloy ! appetite z does ! ,v9if]a v>iety4 ,9 all t con/itutes a f9e table grape ,h]b]t is ab\t z ne> p]fection z we h yet rea*$ 9 ! evolution ( ,am]ican grapes4 ,z is ! case ) mo/ black grapes ! fruit colors long be=e x is ripe & :5 ?us pick$ !re is an a/r+5cy 9 its ta/e t :olly disappe>s :5 ! fruit is fully ripe4 ,= a ,v9if]a-,labrusca hybrid ! ,h]b]t is vigor\s1 h>dy & fruitful rank+ 9 ^! respects above _m pure-br$ ,labruscas4 ,:ile ! fruit rip5s ) ,concord x keeps long aft] & is a v good w9t] grape4 ,x keeps1 packs & %ips well4 ,x is unable to f]tilize itself & mu/ be set ne> o!r v>ieties4 ,h]b]t is well des]v+ att5tion f comm]cial gr[]s :o supply a discrim9at+ m>ket & its _m good qualities w give x a high place 9 ! e/eem ( grape connoisseurs4 ,= an acc\nt ( ! orig9 & e>ly hi/ory ( ,h]b]t ! read] is ref]r$ to ,rog]s' ,hybrids4 ,! ,h]b]t is fir/ m5tion$ sep>ately f ! re/ ( ,rog]s' se$l+s 9 #ahfe1 "u ! designation ,rog]s' ,no4 #dd4 ,9 #ahfi ,rog]s gave names to sev]al ( 8 se$l+s & ! ,rog]s' ,no4 #dd receiv$ ! "n ,h]b]t4 ,! same ye> x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog4 ,x has nev] be5 cultivat$ ext5sively b has always be5 a favorite ) amateur gr[]s4 ,! diff]5ces 9 ! descriptions furni%$ by diff]5t gr[]s leads "o to suspect t !re are two or m v>ieties pass+ "u ?is "n4 ,v9e m$ium to v vigor\s1 injur$ 9 sev]e w9t]s1 productive4 ,canes v long1 num]\s1 unusually ?ick1 d>k br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 some:at flatt5$2 int]nodes long to m$ium2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? m$ium to l>ge2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 long1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds above m$ium 9 size1 %orti%1 plump1 obtuse1 op5 e>ly4 ,"y leaves /rongly t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) bright c>m9e4 ,leaves v l>ge to m$ium1 r\ndi%1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface d>k gre51 dull1 smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre5 ) "s pubesc5ce2 ve9s num]\s & q prom95t2 leaf n lob$1 ) t]m9us obtuse2 petiol> s9us v deep1 n>r[1 clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal & lat]al s9uses lack+2 tee? %all[ to m$ium4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s reflex$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h]b]t ,fruit comes 9 season ) ,concord1 keeps unusually well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 v>iable 9 l5g?1 r broad1 slightly tap]+1 two or ?ree clu/]s p] %oot1 (t5 heavily s+le-%\ld]$1 loose to m$ium2 p$uncle ( av]age l5g?1 ?ick2 p$icel int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 ?ick1 cov]$ ) small russet w>ts2 bru% yell[i%-gre54 ,b]ries irregul> 9 size b usually above m$ium1 r\ndi% to slightly flatt5$1 r dull black1 cov]$ ) ?ick blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 mod]ately firm4 ,sk9 v>iable 9 ?ickness & t\ghness1 adh]es some:at to ! pulp1 conta9s a small am\nt ( w9e-color$ pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% light gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 ) a little fox9ess or musk9ess1 ne>ly sweet at sk9 b q acid at c5t]1 quality good to v good4 ,se$s sep>ate f ! pulp ) difficulty1 ?ree to six 9 numb]1 av]age ?ree1 l>ge1 broadi%1 not*$1 q long1 ) swoll5 neck1 blunt1 light br[n ) yell[i% tips2 raphe obscure2 *alaza int]m$iate 9 size1 decid$ly above c5t]1 circul> to pe>-%ap$1 di/9ct4 ,,h]cules4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fbe4 #ahib4 #b4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic3hi4 #c4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ab3fbj4 #ahic4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ace4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3eca1 #edh1 #eee4 #ahih4 ,h]cules is *>act]iz$ by its extremely l>ge b]ries1 ! size be+ z great1 if n great]1 ?an t ( any ( our native grapes1 & approa*+ t ( ! l>ge/ ,old ,_w grapes4 ,! fruit is h&somely color$ & ! clu/]1 :5 at its be/1 is l>ge & well-=m$ ) a /rik+ resemblance to ,black ,hamburg4 ,! flavor1 :ile n ( ! be/1 is good4 ,b l>ge size1 h&some appe>ance1 & good flavor _c make up = ! sev]al defects ( ! v>iety4 ,! fruit drops & cracks badly & ! pulp is too t\gh & adh]es too firmly to ! se$ = a dess]t grape4 ,^! faults are s m>k$ z to make ,h]cules almo/ wor?less except = bre$+ purposes4 ,add$ to ! desirable *>act]s ( ! fruit giv5 above1 ! v9es are h>dy1 vigor\s & productive s t ?is v>iety (f]s an unusual array ( valuable qualities = ! grape-bre$]4 ,at "o "t x 0 claim$ t ,h]cules 0 a se$l+ ( a ,cali=nia grape b lat] x 0 said to h come f se$ ( "o ( ,rog]s' hybrids4 ,?is op9ion 0 bas$ solely ^u ! *>act]s ( ! plant1 z ! orig9ator1 ! late ,g4 ,a4 ,ens5b]g] ( ,bloom+ton1 ,ill9ois1 gave no satisfactory acc\nt ( ! p>5tage ( ! grape4 ,h]cules 0 exhibit$ at ! ,columbian ,exposition at ,*icago1 :]e1 on acc\nt ( its l>ge size & %[y appe>ance1 x attract$ mu* att5tion4 ,x is un=tunate t ! p>5tage ( ?is grape is n kn[n z x is likely to be us$ n a little 9 ! grape-bre$+ ( ! future 9 produc+ l>ge-fruit$ v>ieties4 ,v9e vigor\s to v vigor\s1 h>dy except 9 extreme w9t]s1 v productive4 ,canes long to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 numb] & ?ickness1 br[n or d>k r$di%-br[n2 nodes slightly enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to long2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? l>ge to m$ium2 %oots slightly pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 ( av]age l5g?1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds m$ium 9 size1 %ort1 ?icki%1 po9t$ to conical1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves lightly t+$ on l[] side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) rose c>m9e4 ,leaves l>ge1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 upp] surface light gre51 slightly glossy1 smoo?i%2 l[] surface grayi%-gre51 pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes none to ?ree1 ) t]m9us acute2 petiol> s9us deep to m$ium1 int]m$iate to n>r[2 basal s9us usually abs5t2 lat]al s9us %all[ to a m]e not*2 tee? m$ium to %all[1 int]m$iate 9 wid?4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit comes 9 season ab\t ) ,concord1 some:at subject to rot1 keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s attractive1 some:at resembl+ ,black ,hamburg1 v l>ge to m$ium1 ( av]age l5g?1 broad to m$ium1 slightly tap]+ to ne>ly cyl9drical bel[ ! s+le %\ld]1 "o to ?ree clu/]s p] %oot1 m$ium to r compact2 p$uncle %ort & ?ick2 p$icel incl9$ to %ortness1 ?icki%1 mu* enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to ! fruit2 bru% ( av]age l5g?1 pale gre54 ,b]ries unusually l>ge b some:at v>iable1 r\ndi%1 black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) m or less blue bloom1 n p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 cracks badly 9 "s seasons1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness & t\ghness1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s "s w9e-color$ pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% decid$ gre51 slightly transluc5t1 juicy1 v t\gh1 co>se1 /r+y1 some:at foxy1 sweet ne> sk9 b acid at c5t]1 fair to good 9 quality4 ,se$s v adh]5t to ! pulp1 "o to five 9 numb]1 av]age ?ree1 l>ge to m$ium1 above usual l5g?1 broad to m$ium1 deeply not*$1 blunt1 br[ni%2 raphe buri$ 9 a broad1 deep groove2 *alaza small1 pla9ly above c5t]1 circul> to oval1 di/9ct4 ,,h]mann4 7,ae/ivalis1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfh3afh4 #b4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3ag1 #ajd1 fig41 #aje1 #bci1 #bfj1 #cbf1 #ccj4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ajg4 fig4 #d4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3da4 #e4 ,ib41 #ahia3abh4 #f4 ,husmann1 #ahie3agd4 #g4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaej1 #aaeg4 #ahih4 #h4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ci1 #dc1 #de4 #ahii4 #i4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bdf4 #aijb4 ,h]mann is a s\!rn grape1 a true ,ae/ivalis 9 all *>act]s1 & is n adapt$ to ! ,nor?4 ,:5 ! v>iety 0 introduc$1 fifty or m ye>s ago1 x 0 consid]$ a valuable addition to ! li/ ( w9e grapes b x has n gr[n 9 favor nor popul>ity nor be5 ext5sively plant$ 9 any ( ! grape regions ( ! ,s\?4 ,x is said to be vigor\s1 h>dy & productive2 to defy all attacks ( phyllox]a2 & to make a v sup]ior w9e4 ,b ! b]ries are v small1 rip5 v late1 9 "s localities crack badly & 9 o!rs rot4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h]cules ,! v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,f4 ,lang5do]f] ( ,h]mann1 ,miss\ri1 f se$ ( ,norton plant$ 9 #ahfj4 ,! fir/ fruit 0 borne 9 #ahfc4 ,at "o "t x 0 consid]ably plant$ 9 ,miss\ri z a w9e grape b x did n become popul> nor spread f v>ietal v9ey>ds to any ext5t on acc\nt ( its lack ( quality = ei!r ! table or w9e4 ,x is ( int]e/ *iefly z a se$l+ ( ,norton & = its v good v9e *>act]s4 ,! foll[+ description has be5 tak5 f a numb] ( s\rces1 *iefly f ! ,bu%b]g ,catalogue3 ,v9e vigor\s1 some:at t5d]1 resembl+ ,norton 9 foliage except t ! leaves are ( a light] color & some:at m deeply lob$4 ,/am5s erect4 ,clu/]s long & n>r[1 r compact1 r>ely %\ld]$4 ,b]ries small1 r\nd1 black ) blue bloom2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 & ( ! *>act]i/ic spicy ,ae/ivalis flavor4 ,mu/ heavy & v fragrant1 br[ni%-yell[ mak+ a w9e ! color ( ,br[n ,%]ry or ,madeira1 ( great body & f9e flavor2 regi/]s #id-aje4 ,,hicks4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahih3df4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahii3hi4 #c4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijd3bbh4 #d4 ,i[a ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijd3 #bbh1 #bdj1 #bda4 #e4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,sp4 ,bul41 #cj3aa4 #aije4 ,hicks has prov$ itself a rem>kably good grape 9 ! v9ey>d ( ?is ,/ation1 & 7 x n = ! fact t ! fruit is almo/ id5tical ) t ( ,concord1 rip5+ ) x or b a little e>li]1 !re c]ta9ly w\ld be a place = x 9 ! viticulture ( ! ,/ate4 ,! fact t x 0 introduc$ "s ye>s ago & has n f\nd great favor ) gr[]s is assumptive evid5ce t x _c make headway aga9/ ,concord ) :i* x mu/ compete4 ,on ! ,/ation gr\nds x is m prolific ?an ,concord & its v9es are ( /rong] gr[?4 ,! v>iety is well wor?y a trial4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,hicks is app>5tly unkn[n4 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 #ahih by ,h5ry ,wallis ( ,well/on1 ,miss\ri1 :o /ates t x is a *ance se$l+ s5t f ,cali=nia ab\t #ahgj to ,ri*>d ,b]ry1 a well-kn[n nurs]yman ( ,/4 ,l\is ,c\nty1 ,miss\ri4 ,aft] ,b]ry's dea? x pass$ into ! h&s ( ,wallis1 :o nam$ x ,hicks4 ,x is suppos$ f its *>act]s to be ( ,concord p>5tage4 ,v9e vigor\s to v vigor\s1 h>dy1 v productive4 ,canes m$ium to long1 num]\s1 ( av]age ?ickness1 mod]ately d>k br[n to r$di%-br[n1 surface cov]$ ) ?9 blue bloom2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves l>ge1 m$ium to ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 slightly glossy1 ( av]age smoo?ness2 l[] surface :iti%1 *ang+ to a r heavy bronze1 /rongly pubesc5t2 ve9s well def9$4 ,fl[]s f]tile or ne>ly s1 op5 e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,concord or slightly e>li]1 keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to m$ium1 long to m$ium1 broad1 tap]+1 (t5 s+le-%\ld]$1 m$ium 9 compactness4 ,b]ries l>ge1 r\ndi%1 d>k purpli%-black to black1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 incl9$ to %att] some:at :5 ov]ripe1 firm4 ,sk9 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 t5d]1 conta9s a small am\nt ( v d>k w9e-color$ pigm5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 juicy1 r t\gh1 f9e-gra9$1 fa9tly foxy1 sweet at sk9 to acid at c5t]1 mild :5 fully ripe1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s some:at adh]5t1 above m$ium 9 size1 %ort1 broad1 blunt1 br[ni%2 raphe buri$ 9 a r broad groove2 *alaza ( av]age size1 slightly above c5t]1 oval to circul>4 ,,hidalgo4 7,v9if]a1 ,labrusca1 ,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fj3fcg4 #aija4 #b4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijd3cjf4 ,hidalgo is a comp>atively rec5t addition to ! li/ ( grapes = table use4 ,:ile x has n be5 tri$ g5]ally1 & is n widely kn[n z yet1 x is accord$ a color-plate & a full description 9 ?is "w *iefly because ( its rem>kably f9e quality4 ,x is ri* & sweet1 delicately flavor$1 yet sprightly1 & ) color1 size & =m ( b]ry & bun* s well comb9$ z to make x a s+ul>ly h&some fruit4 ,! sk9 is ?9 b firm & ! v>iety keeps well & %ips well4 ,! v9e *>act]s = ?is ,/ate are n well kn[n4 ,on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation x is d\btfully h>dy1 v>iable 9 vigor1 & n always fruitful4 ,:ile ,hidalgo may n prove ( value = ! comm]cial v9ey>d1 9 favorable situations x may be expect$ to give a supply ( *oice fruit = ! amateur4 ,! p>5tage ( ,hidalgo z giv5 by its orig9ator1 ,t4 ,v4 ,munson1 is ,delaw>e1 ,goe! & ,l9dley4 ,! v>iety 0 introduc$ by ! orig9ator 9 #aijb & is n[ be+ te/$ 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,! reports t come f ^? :o h se5 or gr[n ,hidalgo agree 9 ! ma9 ) ! *>act]ization giv5 above & bespeak = x a high degree ( popul>ity1 at lea/ z a table grape = ! g>d5 & possibly = ! v9ey>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hidalgo ,v9e v>iable 9 vigor1 n always h>dy1 some:at unc]ta9 9 be>+4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g? & numb]1 above av]age ?ickness1 d>k r$di%-br[n2 nodes enl>g$ & flatt5$2 int]nodes ( fair l5g?2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? m$ium to bel[ 9 size2 %oots slightly pubesc5t to ne>ly glabr\s2 t5drils int]mitt5t to cont9u\s1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds r small & %ort1 m$ium to sl5d]1 conical to po9t$1 op5 late4 ,"y leaves fa9tly t+$ on ! "u side only ) rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge1 (t5 irregul>ly r\ndi%1 ?ick2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 m$ium to slightly rugose2 l[] surface pale gre5 to bronze1 heavily pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes ?ree :5 pres5t ) angle at t]m9us v>iable2 petiol> s9us n uni=m 9 dep?1 n>r[1 sometimes clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us usually none2 lat]al s9us %all[1 n>r[1 (t5 a m]e not*2 tee? v %all[1 n>r[ to m$ium4 ,fl[]s semi-f]tile1 op5 aft] mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s l>ge b small] ?an ,niag>a1 long to m$ium1 incl9$ to sl5d]1 cyl9drical to slightly tap]+1 (t5 blunt1 usually n %\ld]$1 "o to two bun*es p] %oot1 m$ium to compact2 p$uncle long & sl5d]2 p$icel long1 mod]ately sl5d]1 cov]$ ) num]\s small w>ts2 bru% ( av]age size1 n ?ick1 yell[i%-gre5 ) br[n t+e4 ,b]ries above m$ium 9 size1 incl9$ to oval1 attractive gre5i%-yell[1 r glossy1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ?9 to m$ium1 t\gh1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%-:ite1 some:at transp>5t1 juicy1 t5d] & melt+1 aromatic1 sweet f sk9 to c5t]1 v good to be/4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 two to f\r 9 numb]1 av]age two1 above m$ium 9 size1 int]m$iate 9 l5g? & bread?1 plump1 light br[n2 raphe obscure2 *alaza l>ge1 slightly above c5t]1 irregul>ly circul>1 di/9ct4 ,,highl&4 7,v9if]a1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #af3cge4 #ahgd4 #b4 ,horticulturi/1 #bi3cbi4 #ahgd4 #c4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #ba3adi4 #ahgi4 #d4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #bg3bi4 #ahhb4 #e4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhb-c3df4 #f4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aji4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fbf4 #ahib4 #h4 ,ib41 #ag3eca1 #edh1 #eeb4 #ahih4 #i4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bda4 #aijb4 ,,ricketts' ,,no4 #cg 7#b74 ,ricketts' ,no4 #cg 7#a1 #f74 ,highl& has be5 on trial 9 ,new ,york = at lea/ ?irty ye>s b has n become widely di/ribut$1 ?\gh few v>ieties ( black grapes surpass x or equal x 9 appe>ance or 9 quality4 ,! *ief tr\ble has be5 t ! v>iety is too late = ,new ,york1 rip5+ )1 or a little lat] ?an ,catawba4 ,:5 giv5 good c>e & "u favorable conditions ! bun*es are unusually l>ge & h&some 9 appe>ance1 sometimes atta9+ a weight ( two p\nds & hav+ beautiful blui%-black b]ries ) some?+ ( ! f9e flavor & t5d] texture ( ! ,jura ,muscat1 "o ( its p>5ts4 ,! fle% is solid1 & :ile ! sk9 is ?91 yet x is firm & ! fruit keeps & %ips well4 ,! v9e is fairly vigor\s b d\btfully h>dy & productive to a fault4 ,9 all localities :]e ! climate is suffici5tly temp]ate & ! season suffici5tly long = v9e & fruit ( ,highl& to develop p]fectly1 x is "o ( ! *oice/ ( grapes = ! amateur4 ,?is f9e grape 0 orig9at$ at ab\t ! close ( ! ,civil ,w> by ,james ,h4 ,ricketts ( ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 f se$ ( ,concord f]tiliz$ by ,jura ,muscat4 ,x 0 introduc$ by ,messrs4 ,a%] ,hance ,sons1 :o b\ght x ( ! orig9ator4 ,x is v common 9 v>ietal v9ey>ds b x has n become popul> z a comm]cial sort2 x is a popul> grape = exhibitions :]e1 :5 well gr[n1 x is h>dly surpass$ 9 appe>ance by any o!r ,am]ican grape4 ,v9e v>iable 9 vigor1 productive1 heal?y1 (t5 incl9$ to ov]be>4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 m$ium to ?ick1 light & d>k br[n1 (t5 ) a dull1 a%-gray t+e1 cov]$ ) ?9 bloom2 nodes /rongly enl>g$1 n flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to v long2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? l>ge to m$ium2 %oots usually pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 ( av]age l5g?1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds l>ge to m$ium1 r %ort & ?ick1 obtuse to conical4 ,leaves l>ge1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 upp] surface (t5 d>k gre51 dull1 m$ium to rugose2 l[] surface grayi%-gre51 pubesc5t2 ve9s r indi/9ct2 lobes none to five1 ) t]m9al lobe acute to obtuse2 petiol> s9us r deep1 v>iable 9 wid?2 basal s9us %all[1 n>r[2 lat]al s9us ( av]age dep? & wid?1 sometimes a m]e not*2 tee? r deep & wide4 ,fl[]s f]tile or ne>ly s1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,catawba or aft]1 keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s l>ge1 r long & broad1 tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$ b sometimes ) a d\ble %\ld]1 usually two bun*es p] %oot1 int]m$iate 9 compactness2 p$uncle ( av]age l5g? & ?ickness2 p$icel long to m$ium1 mod]ately ?ick1 ne>ly smoo?2 bru% bel[ av]age l5g?1 gre5 ) yell[i%-br[n t+e4 ,b]ries l>ge1 r\ndi%-oval1 d>k purpli%-black to blui%-black1 r dull1 cov]$ ) d>k lilac or slightly blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 mod]ately firm4 ,sk9 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 t\gh1 ne>ly free f ! pulp1 conta9s little1 if any1 pigm5t1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 juicy1 some:at t5d]1 slightly v9\s1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate r easily f ! pulp1 "o to six1 av]age ?ree1 above m$ium to l>ge1 ne>ly long1 int]m$iate 9 bread?1 slightly not*$ ) a "o-sid$ t5d5cy1 rip] se$s br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( av]age size1 above c5t]1 v>iable 9 %ape1 n di/9ct4 ,illu/ration3 ,,highl& ,,hos=d4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,c4 ,hort41 #aa3bhg4 #ahhh4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #di3gcg1 fig41 #gci1 #hef4 #ahij4 #c4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahib3bfd4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ach4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahid3ge4 #f4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3aga4 #ahii4 #g4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3de4 #aija4 ,,hos=d',s ,,mammo? ,,se$l+ 7#b74 ,,hos=d',s ,,se$l+ 7#a74 ,hos=d is an (fspr+ ( ,concord1 diff]+ f ! p>5t *iefly 9 ! great] size ( bun* & b]ry & 9 be+ less fruitful4 ,! v>iety is surpass$ by ,word5 & ,eaton1 ( ! same type1 & is probably n wor? cultivation4 ,x is claim$ by "s t ?is v>iety is id5tical ) ,eaton4 ,x is true t ,hos=d has a m>k$ resemblance to ,eaton b !re are noticeable diff]5ces 9 bo? v9e & fruit *>act]s & ! pure se$l+s ( ! two v>ieties are entirely diff]5t1 ^? ( ,eaton be+ mu* d>k] 9 color & m vigor\s4 ,hos=d 0 s5t out sev]al ye>s be=e ,eaton4 ,! v9e ( ?is v>iety looks v mu* l ,concord except t ! ind5tations along ! m>g9s ( ! leaves are deep]4 ,z a rule ! black se$l+s ( ,concord :i* h be5 introduc$ are l>g] 9 clu/] & b]ry ?an ! p>5t & ei!r n z high 9 quality or no high]1 diff]+ mat]ially f ,concord's light-color$ se$l+s1 :i* are usually small] 9 bun* & b]ry1 or at lea/ n l>g]1 & ( di/9ctly bett] quality4 ,hos=d is a typical black se$l+ 9 ! above respects4 ,?is v>iety orig9at$ 9 ! g>d5 ( ,george ,hos=d ( ,ionia1 ,mi*igan4 ,x 0 f\nd by ! own] ab\t #ahgf z a *ance se$l+ gr[+ betwe5 two ,concord v9es4 ,v9e n v vigor\s1 ne>ly h>dy1 unproductive4 ,canes %ort1 few 9 numb]1 r sl5d]2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 l[] surface grayi%-:ite to bronze1 heavily pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s semi-f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s %ortly be=e ,concord1 does n keep v well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 tap]+1 slightly %\ld]$1 mod]ately compact4 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 r\ndi% to slightly oval1 dull black cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 m$ium to ?ick1 t5d]4 ,fle% v pale gre51 unusually juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 r t5d]1 v9\s1 sweet1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s n num]\s1 ne>ly l>ge1 v broad1 blunt1 plump4 ,,hybrid ,,franc4 7,v9if]a1 ,rupe/ris47 #a4 ,am4 ,v9es1 #aijc3aij4 ,,franc',s ,,hybrid 7#a74 ,hybrid ,franc is illu/rat$ & describ$ 9 full 9 ,! ,grapes ( ,new ,york because x is ! be/ kn[n cross betwe5 ,rupe/ris & ,v9if]a4 ,x is "o ( ! few v>ieties us$ 9 ,europe z a resi/ant /ock n[ recomm5d$ = a direct produc]4 ,! v9e *>act]s are seem+ly all good1--h>dy1 vigor\s & v productive4 ,! fruit is fit only = w9e be+ too acid = a table grape4 ,! color+ matt] 9 ! fruit is v int5se & x might be us$ = giv+ color to w9es4 ,hybrid ,franc is ( mu* int]e/ to ! grape-bre$]1 & exp]im5ts ) x z a p>5t are desirable = ,new ,york4 ,! v>iety is ( ,fr5* orig94 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive4 ,canes v>iable 9 l5g?1 num]\s1 ?ick to m$ium1 light br[n1 cov]$ ) slight blue bloom2 nodes enl>g$1 r\ndi%2 int]nodes v %ort2 diaphragm ?92 pi? unusually l>ge2 %oots glabr\s2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 (t5 r long1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds l>ge to m$ium1 %ort1 above av]age ?ickness1 obtuse to conical1 op5 mod]ately late4 ,"y leaves t+$ on upp] & l[] sides ) c>m9e2 ! tips ( ! buds 9 op5+ %[ /rongly ! leaf s]rations4 ,leaves v small to m$ium1 r ?92 upp] surface light gre51 decid$ly glossy1 smoo?2 l[] surface gre5i%1 %[+ ,rip>ia *>act]s1 q hairy along ribs & l>g] ve9s2 lobes usually ?ree to five ) t]m9al lobe acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us int]m$iate 9 dep?1 n>r[ to m$ium1 sometimes clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us ( av]age dep? & wid?2 lat]al s9us m$ium 9 dep? to a m]e not*2 tee? int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?4 ,fl[]s semi-f]tile1 op5 e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s be=e mid-season1 does n always keep well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 %ort1 int]m$iate 9 bread?1 tap]+ to cyl9drical1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 av]age ?ree bun*es p] %oot1 m$ium to compact2 p$uncle bel[ m$ium l5g?1 r sl5d]2 p$icel long1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) few1 small1 inconspicu\s w>ts2 bru% %ort1 w9e-color$4 ,b]ries bel[ m$ium to small1 uni=m1 slightly oblate to r\ndi%1 black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) ?ick1 blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ?91 t5d]1 does n adh]e to ! pulp1 conta9s a v d>k w9e-color$ pigm5t1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 (t5 ) a slight r$di% t+e1 transluc5t1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 some:at t5d]1 spicy1 t>t to acid1 fair 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to five1 av]age ?ree & f\r1 m$ium to small1 r %ort1 int]m$iate 9 bread?1 light br[n2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( av]age size1 slightly above c5t]1 oval to pe>-%ap$1 di/9ct4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hybrid ,,franc ,,ideal4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 ,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,kan4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhf3ahg4 #b4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahij3aee4 #c4 ,ib41 #ahia3abh4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3adj4 #e4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahig3af4 #f4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3acg4 #ahih4 #g4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ci1 #db1 #dd1 #df1 #ee4 #ahii4 #h4 ,budd-,hans51 #b3chj4 #aijb4 ,burr ,no4 #i 7#a74 ,ideal is a h&some se$l+ ( ! ,delaw>e1 f :i* x diff]s *iefly 9 be+ mu* l>g] 9 bun* & b]ry1 atta9+ 9 bo? ( ^! *>act]s ne>ly ! size ( ,catawba4 ,9 ,kansas & ,miss\ri x is mo/ highly recomm5d$1 n only = ! high quality ( ! fruit1 rank+ ) ,delaw>e 9 quality1 b because ( vigor\s1 heal?y1 productive v9es4 ,b 9 ,new ,york1 on ! ,/ation gr\nds at lea/1 ! v9es are prec>i\sly h>dy & n suffici5tly fruitful1 heal?y nor vigor\s to w>rant a v high recomm5dation = ! v>iety4 ,7 ! v>iety ( rec5t introduction x might be recomm5d$ = trial b x has be5 gr[n = m ?an tw5ty ye>s & has1 !re=e1 be5 well tri$ & has n prov$ ( g5]al value4 ,x may be wor? plant+ = home use4 ,orig9at$ by ,john ,burr ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 ov] ?irty ye>s ago f se$ ( ,delaw>e1 ! att5tion ( ! public 0 attract$ to ,ideal ab\t #ahij1 fir/ by gl[+ descriptions ( ! v>iety f ! orig9ator & 8 fri5d & co-work]1 ,dr4 ,/ayman1 & lat] by reports f v>i\s p]sons :o _h te/$ ! v>iety4 ,x does n appe> to h ev] be5 regul>ly introduc$ b 0 s5t to v>i\s p]sons = te/+ by :om x 0 di/ribut$4 ,x is n[ f\nd only 9 ! occasional v>iety v9ey>d & app>5tly n (f]$ = sale by any nurs]ym54 ,ideal is bett] kn[n1 & possibly succe$s bett] 9 ! ,we/ ?an 9 ! ,ea/4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 productive1 b yield+ small] crops ?an ,concord2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 r sl5d]4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge1 v>iable 9 color2 l[] surface pale gre51 slightly pubesc5t & cobwebby4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,delaw>e1 keeps only fairly well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to above m$ium1 long to m$ium1 (t5 r broad & heavily %\ld]$1 int]m$iate 9 compactness4 ,b]ries l>ge1 r\ndi%1 attractive d>k r$1 cov]$ ) abundant lilac bloom1 (t5 ) t+e ( blue1 usually p]si/5t1 firm4 ,fle% gre5i%1 mod]ately t5d]1 aromatic1 ne>ly sweet next ! sk9 to acid at c5t]1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s adh]5t1 l>ge1 plump4 ,,imp]ial4 7,v9if]a1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,horticulturi/1 #bi3cbh4 #ahgd4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge3aad4 #c4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahia3de4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3adj4 ,no4 #ic ,a 7#a74 ,al?\gh introduc$ ne>ly =ty ye>s ago1 ,imp]ial is /ill little kn[n & does n appe> to h especial value4 ,p]haps its mo/ valuable "* is h>d9ess z x is reput$ to be z h>dy z ,concord :i*1 = a grape hav+ its proportion ( ,v9if]a blood1 is ! exception4 ,9 appe>ance & quality ,imp]ial is v good & 7 its v9e *>act]s bett]1 & 7 !re n s _m excell5t gre5 grapes ( its season ) :i* x mu/ compete1 ! v>iety w\ld be m g5]ally cultivat$4 ,imp]ial is a se$l+ ( ,iona f]tiliz$ by ,s>belle ,muscat & 0 rais$ by ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts ( ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 ov] ?irty ye>s ago4 ,! foll[+ description has be5 compil$ f v>i\s s\rces3 ,v9e vigor\s1 heal?y1 h>dy4 ,leaves l>ge1 attractive gre54 ,fruit rip5s late4 ,clu/]s l>ge1 symmetrical1 slightly %\ld]$1 r compact4 ,b]ries l>ge1 gre5i%-:ite1 cov]$ ) consid]able bloom4 ,fle% t5d]1 juicy1 v9\s1 sprightly1 n high 9 flavor b agreeable1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s small1 n num]\s4 ,,iona4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,horticulturi/1 #ah3cac4 #ahfc4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bi3dbj4 #ahfc4 #c4 ,grant1 ,descript4 ,cat41 #ahfd3h1 #i1 #ah1 #ai1 #ba1 #cb4 #d4 ,grant1 ,grape ,v9es1 #ahfd3a1 #b1 #c1 #e1 #aa1 #ab4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfg3dd4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfg3aje4 #g4 ,i[a ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfg3ajh4 #h4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #e3ae1 #ahg1 #bih1 #bii4 #ahfi4 #i4 ,horticulturi/1 #be3ahf4 #ahgj4 #aj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahga3fi4 #aa4 ,horticulturi/1 #bi3bj1 #bde4 #ahgd4 #ab4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge3cee4 #ac4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3ci4 #ad4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3bbb4 #ae4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ca3abj4 #ahhf4 #af4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3cbh4 #ahij4 #ag4 ,col4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bi3ba4 #ahid4 #ah4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3adj4 #ai4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3eca1 #edh1 #eeb1 #eee1 #eei4 #ahih4 #bj4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3acg4 #ahih4 #ba4 ,miss4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3ae4 #ahii4 #bb4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ci1 #dc1 #dd1 #de1 #ea1 #gf4 #ahii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,iona ,iona is probably surpass$ 9 delicacy & sprightl9ess ( flavor1 9 keep+ quality1 & = mak+ c]ta9 w9es1 z *ampagne1 by few1 if any1 o!r ,am]ican grapes4 ,9 spite ( ^! sev]al good qualities x has nev] be5 v g5]ally gr[n1 *iefly = ! reason t x requires m c>e ?an comm]cial grape-gr[]s are will+ to give grapes1 ?\gh1 beside requir+ ! be/ ( c>e1 its cultivation is h9d]$ by sev]al s]i\s faults4 ,iona rivals ,delaw>e z ! /&>d 9 quality ( ,am]ican grapes1 ?\gh if flavor alone be consid]$1 grape connoisseurs g5]ally agree t x surpasses ,delaw>e & is ! f9e/ flavor$ ( all our grapes4 ,9 flavor ,iona has a r>e comb9ation ( sweetness & acidity1 pure1 delicate & v9\s4 ,! fle% is transp>5t1 melt+1 t5d]1 juicy1 & ( uni=m consi/5ce q to ! c5t]4 ,! se$s are few & small & "p readily f ! fle%4 ,! color is a peculi> d>k-r$ w9e ) a t9t ( ame?y/1 some:at v>iable & n always attractive4 ,! bun*1 at its be/1 is l>ge b r loose ) b]ries v>y+ some:at 9 size & rip5+ unev5ly4 ,x _c be call$ a p>ticul>ly h&some grape4 ,! fruit does n decay readily & may be kept 9 a good fruit room until late w9t] )\t loss ( flavor & ) ! b]ries adh]+ to ! bun*4 ,beside be+ a mo/ excell5t table grape1 x is mu* s\ght = by w9e-mak]s = *ampagne & = mak+ f9ely-flavor$ :ite w9es4 ,! v9e *>act]s ( ,iona are n ne>ly z good z ^? ( ! fruit4 ,to d well x mu/ h a soil exactly suit$ to its wants4 ,seem+ly x does be/ 9 deep1 dry1 s&y or gravelly clays & _c be gr[n 9 damp1 ri*1 black soils on ! "o h& nor poor s&s or gravels on ! o!r4 ,v]gil's l9es z to ! treatm5t ( soils = v9es are especially applicable to ! ,iona4 ,a free loose e>? is :at ! v9es dem&1 ,:]e w9d & fro/ h help'd ! lab'r]'s h&1 ,& /urdy peasants deep h /irr'd ! l&4 ,?is v>iety does especially well :5 tra9$ aga9/ walls or build+s1 atta9+ "u su* conditions r>e p]fection4 ,x is n h>dy 9 any b favor$ localities 9 ,new ,york & 9 _m p>ts ( ! ,/ate mu/ h c>eful w9t] protection4 ,! v9es are n vigor\s & are incl9$ to ov]be>1 to rem$y :i* x mu/ h close prun+1 or be graft$ on a /rong gr[+ /ock4 ,9 localities :]e mildew & rot ?rive ,iona is badly attack$ by ^! diseases4 ,! v9es be> e>ly & ! fruit rip5s at mid-season or %ortly aft]4 ,iona is a grape = ! amateur & = ! c>eful v9ey>di/4 ,few v>ieties are m desirable or satisfactory = ! g>d5 :5 plant$ 9 soils to :i* x is adapt$1 :5 giv5 good c>e1 prop]ly protect$ f cold1 & ! v9es re/ra9$ f ov]be>+4 ,iona 0 orig9at$ by ,dr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,grant#aib ( ,iona ,isl&1 ,we/*e/] ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 & ! "n commemorates ! sc5e ( ! viticultural labors ( "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ,am]ican viticulture4 ,grant /ates t ,iona is f se$ ( ,diana plant$ 9 #ahee1 ! plant f :i* fruit$ = ! fir/ "t f\r ye>s lat]4 ,caywood1 h[ev]1 says t ,grant in=m$ him t x 0 f\nd gr[+ z a *ance se$l+ "u a ,catawba v9e4 ,s9ce ,diana is a se$l+ ( ,catawba !re is too little diff]5ce 9 ! "* ( ! old] v>ieties to enable "o to tell f :i* ,iona came4 ,?is v>iety#aic 0 aw>d$ ! ,greeley prize ( #ajj1 (f]$ by ,horace ,greeley dur+ ! ,civil ,w> = a grape adapt$ to g5]al cultivation 9 ! ,ea/]n & ,middle ,/ates4 ,! requirem5ts :i* a v>iety _h to possess to secure ?is prize 7 c]ta9ly suffici5tly high2 x 0 ask$ t ! v9e %\ld be z h>dy1 heal?y & vigor\s z ! /ronge/ ,am]ican v9e & ! fruit ( a quality equal to ! be/ ,european4 ,su* a grape w\ld be a boon to ,european z well z to ,am]ican grape-gr[]s4 ,?\gh ! prize w5t to ,iona x mu/ n be ?\ght t x meets ^! requirem5ts4 ,iona 0 introduc$ by ! orig9ator 9 #ahfd4 ,x 0 ov]prais$1 ext5sively adv]tis$1 & = "s "t ! prices ( v9es 7 kept at an exorbitant figure f :i* !re 0 a reaction detrim5tal to ! v>iety4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahfg4 ,probably no ,am]ican v>iety has be5 ! subject ( m cau/ic discussions ?an ?is "o & x is only )9 ! la/ few ye>s t its m]its c\ld be imp>tially e/imat$4 ,iona 0 ext5sively tri$ 9 all ! grape regions ( ,am]ica b has be5 g5]ally dropp$ z a comm]cial grape4 ,x is /ill to be f\nd 9 all v>ietal v9ey>ds1 9 occasional comm]cial plant+s & some:at commonly 9 g>d5s4 ,v9e m$ium to weak1 prec>i\sly h>dy1 unproductive1 (t5 susceptible to attacks ( mildew4 ,canes %ort to m$ium1 ( av]age numb] & size1 light br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 r\ndi%2 int]nodes %ort2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? ne>ly int]m$iate 9 size2 %oots %[ "s pubesc5ce2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 ( av]age l5g?1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds ab\t m$ium 9 size1 %ort to m$ium1 ?ick1 conical to po9t$1 op5 v late4 ,"y leaves t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) c>m9e2 (t5 heavily coat$ ) ?ick1 :iti% pubesc5ce4 ,leaves ( av]age size1 ?ick2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 smoo? to m$ium2 l[] surface grayi%-gre51 heavily pubesc5t1 some:at cobwebby2 ve9s indi/9ct2 lobes ?ree to five ) t]m9al lobe acute2 petiol> s9us int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?2 basal s9us %all[1 m$ium to wide2 lat]al s9us %all[1 wide2 tee? n deep1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s ne>ly f]tile1 op5 late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s lat] ?an ,concord1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s above m$ium to small1 sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 some:at sl5d]1 slightly tap]+ to conical1 m$ium to loose2 p$uncle %ort & sl5d]2 p$icel int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 sl5d]1 ne>ly smoo?1 enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% ( av]age l5g?1 n ?ick1 pale gre54 ,b]ries int]m$iate 9 size1 uni=m1 oval to ne>ly r\ndi%1 dull1 light & d>k r$1 cov]$ ) ?9 lilac bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ( m$ium ?ickness1 t\gh1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d] & melt+1 v9\s1 v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily1 "o to f\r 9 numb]1 av]age ?ree1 small & broad1 plump1 br[ni%2 raphe usually obscure b sometimes di/9ct2 *alaza small1 ne>ly c5tral1 circul>1 di/9ct4 ,mu/ #hh-ajj4 ,,ironclad4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhb-c3aca4 #b4 ,g>4 & ,=41 #e3eig4 #ahib4 #c4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bed4 #ahic4 #d4 ,g>4 & ,=41 #g3eji4 #ahid4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3adj4 ,a% 7#a1 #d1 #e74 ,diog5es 7#e74 ,,pe>son',s ,,ironclad 7#d74 ,pe>son's ,ironclad 7#e74 ,scott 7#d1 #e74 ,ironclad is ( int]e/ because ( its hi/ory1 & because ( its possible value = bre$+ purposes4 ,if ! hi/ory giv5 bel[ is correct1 ?is v>iety is "o ( ! olde/ ( our cultivat$ grapes4 ,f ! acc\nts ( ^? :o h gr[n x1 ,ironclad is z free f mildew & rot1 9 fruit at lea/1 z any ( our cultivat$ native grapes4 ,x is also v resi/ant to phyllox]a & has be5 us$ some:at 9 ,france & ,spa9 z a resi/ant /ock = ,v9if]a4 ,x is also extremely vigor\s & h>dy & is v productive4 ,! fruit is n ( suffici5tly high quality nor attractive en\gh 9 appe>ance to make a good table grape b x is said to make v excell5t w9e1 ! juice hav+ color & body en\gh to make x ( value = add+ color to light] color$ mu/s4 ,ironclad is a v caprici\s be>] & especially s on rampant gr[+ v9es1 "o ( ! faults ( ! v>iety be+ t x makes too rank a gr[?4 ,! hi/ory ( ?is grape1 z giv5 by ,a4 ,w4 ,pe>son ( ,v9el&1 ,new ,j]sey1 is z foll[s3 ,9 #ahgc ,pe>son secur$ f ,colonel ,scott1 !n presid5t ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad ,company1 cutt+s ( a v9e gr[+ on ! latt]'s gr\nds1 ne> ,d>by ab\t sev5 miles we/ ( ,philadelphia4 ,scott's g>d5] report$ ! v9e to be free f rot & ,pe>son1 :o _h nam$ ! v>iety ,scott1 *ang$ ! "n to ,ironclad :5 he f\nd ! g>d5]'s report z to rot v]ifi$4 ,on inve/igation ,pe>son f\nd t ! v>iety 0 ov] two hundr$ ye>s old1 & t x _h be5 cultivat$ locally "u ! "n ( ,a%1 f a =m] own] ( ! ,scott place & an ance/or ( ,pe>son4 ,?is acc\nt is n fully corroborat$ by e>ly horticultural writ]s b appe>s to be suffici5tly accurate to give ! v>iety hi/orical int]e/4 ,ironclad is said to be a hybrid betwe5 ,labrusca & ,rip>ia & its botanical *>act]s ju/ify su* a supposition4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ironclad ,v9e a rank gr[]1 h>dy1 productive4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 ?ick to sl5d]1 d>k r$di%-br[n2 nodes ( av]age size1 flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to long2 diaphragm ?92 pi? l>ge to m$ium2 %oots glabr\s2 t5drils cont9u\s1 ( fair l5g?1 bifid to sometimes trifid4 ,leaf-buds small1 %ort1 sl5d] to m$ium1 conical to po9t$4 ,leaves ( m$ium size1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 upp] surface d>k gre51 some:at glossy1 smoo?i%2 l[] surface pale gre51 slightly pubesc5t2 ve9s r di/9ct2 lobes none to ?ree ) t]m9al lobe acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?2 basal s9us usually lack+2 lat]al s9us %all[1 usually wide2 tee? int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?4 ,fl[]s op5 e>ly2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord b colors e>ly1 appe>s to keep well4 ,clu/]s small & %ort1 slightly tap]+1 sometimes s+le-%\ld]$1 v>iable 9 compactness2 p$uncle %ort1 incl9$ to sl5d]2 p$icel %ort1 sl5d] to m$ium1 cov]$ ) num]\s inconspicu\s w>ts2 bru% %ort1 ( av]age ?ickness1 d>k w9e color4 ,b]ries irregul> 9 size1 av]ag+ small1 r\ndi% to slightly oblate1 jet-black1 glossy1 cov]$ slightly ) blue bloom1 usually p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 t\gh1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( d>k purpli%-r$ pigm5t1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 ) di/9ct t+e ( r$1 r transp>5t1 mod]ately juicy1 some:at t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 spicy1 sweet to agreeably t>t at c5t]1 n good en\gh 9 quality = dess]t purposes4 ,se$s sep>ate f ! pulp some:at easily1 "o to f\r 9 numb]1 av]age two1 int]m$iate 9 size & bread?1 %ort to m$ium1 %>p-po9t$1 d>k br[ni%2 raphe buri$ 9 a %all[1 n>r[ groove2 *alaza l>ge ) surface r\gh5$ & w>ty1 c5tral to slightly above1 irregul>ly pe>-%ap$1 di/9ct4 ,,isabella4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,am]4 ,f>m]1 #e3bda4 #ahbc4 #b4 ,ib41 #i3bba1 #bid1 #cji1 #cbe4 #ahbg4 #c4 ,s\4 ,agr41 #b3eeb4 #ahbi4 #d4 ,pr9ce1 #ahcj3afe4 #e4 ,spoon]1 #ahdf3ac1 #bi1 #di4 #f4 ,horticulturi/1 #f3daj1 #dab4 #ahea4 #g4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahea3dh-ea4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #aheb3ed4 #i4 ,horticulturi/1 #ae3gc4 #ahfj4 #aj4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #b3aef1 #bfe4 #ahfj4 #aa4 ,ib41 #e3gc1 #gd4 #ahfc4 #ab4 ,n4 ,y4 ,agr4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfd3db1 #de1 #ada4 #ac4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #ca3ajg1 #aeg4 #ahfe4 #ad4 ,husmann1 #ahff3ah1 #gi1 #abb4 #ae4 ,d[n+1 #ahfi3edb4 #af4 ,grape ,cult41 #b3gf4 #ahgj4 #ag4 ,ib41 #c3fg1 #ajc4 #ahga4 #ah4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #ad3aje1 #afg1 #bif4 #ahgb4 #ai4 ,horticulturi/1 #bi3bj1 #bde4 #ahgd4 #bj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3eg1 #abd1 #abh4 #ba4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aaj4 #bb4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ej3dah1 #dhb4 #ahia4 #bc4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bee4 #ahic4 #bd4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dd3aaf4 #ahic4 #be4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ae3dcb1 #dcc4 #ahif4 #bf4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3eca1 #eda1 #edd1 #edh1 #eeb4 #ahih4 #bg4 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3hc4 #aijj4 #bh4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ei3gai1 #gbb4 #aijj4 fig4 #bi4 ,trait g54 de vit41 #e3bjc4 #aijc4 ,alex&] 7#bi74 ,black ,cape 7#bi74 ,cape 7#bi74 ,captraube 7#bi74 ,*ampania 7#bi74 ,*]okee8 7#aa74 ,*ri/ie's ,improv$ ,isabella 7#ae1 #ba1 #bi74 ,conckl+'s ,wild+ 7#aa74 ,con/antia 7#bi74 ,,dor*e/] 7#a74 ,framboisi] 7#bi74 ,g>b]'s ,r$-,fox 7#bi74 ,gibb's grape 7#d1 #aa1 #ah74 ,hanov] 7s\!rn7 7#aa74 ,h5sell's ,long ,isl& 7#aa74 ,isabella 7#a74 ,isabelle d',am]ique 7#bi74 ,lespeyre 7#b1 #aj1 #aa1 #ah74 ,new ,hanov] 7#aa74 ,paign's ,isabella 7#ae1 #ba1 #bi74 ,payne's ,e>ly 7#aa1 #ae1 #ba1 #bi74 ,rais9 de ,cassis 7#bi74 ,rais9 du ,cap 7#bi74 ,rais9 ,fraise 7#bi74 ,rais9 ,framboise 7#bi74 ,sa9te-,hel5e 7#bi74 ,saluda 7#aa74 ,sanbornton8 7#ae1 #ba1 #bi74 ,s*uylkill8 7#bi74 ,uva ,fragola 7#bi74 ,v]net 7#f1 #aa1 #ah74 ,woodw>d 7#ae1 #ba1 #bi74 ,isabella is n[ ( little m ?an hi/orical int]e/ yet = a half c5tury aft] its introduction1 ab\t #ahaf1 x & ,catawba 7 ! ma9/ays ( ,am]ican viticulture4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( grape-gr[+ 9 ?is c\ntry ,isabella 0 ! grape ( ! ,nor? ,atlantic & ,new ,engl& ,/ates :ile ! v9ey>ds ( ! ,s\? 7 plant$ ) ,catawba1 ! latt] requir+ too long a season & be+ too susceptible to fungal diseases = a nor!rn grape4 ,isabella has be5 almo/ :olly replac$ 9 ! ,nor? by ,concord1 because ! latt] is e>li]1 h>di] & m productive1 & ! old] v>iety c n[ h>dly be f\nd except 9 ! collections ( exp]im5t]s & amateurs4 ,9 appe>ance ,isabella is q z attractive z any ( ! black grapes1 hav+ l>ge1 well-=m$ clu/]s & a deep black color ) ?ick bloom4 ,! flavor is good b ! ?ick sk9 & musk9ess 9 ta/e are objectionable4 ,! fruit keeps & %ips well & seldom rattles or cracks b ! v>iety is surpass$ 9 v9e *>act]s by _m o!r /&>d k9ds1 notably ,concord1 :i*1 z /at$ above1 has tak5 its place4 ,! lu/r\s gre51 ample foliage :i* rema9s late 9 ! season1 & ! vigor ( ,isabella1 make x an attractive ornam5tal1 well adapt$ = gr[+ on arbors1 por*es & trellises4 ,individual v9es ( ?is v>iety gr[+ 9 ,new ,york1 ! ,middle ,/ates1 & ,new ,engl&1 realize m ?an any o!r grape t ideal ( peace & pl5ty = :i* ! grape has be5 ! symbol s9ce ! v9es ( ,judah & ( ,israel4 ,:ile x is ( small comm]cial importance1 ,isabella is /ill wor?y a place 9 ! g>d5 & z an ornam5tal4 ,! orig9 ( ,isabella is n c]ta9ly kn[n4 ,x 0 secur$ by ,william ,pr9ce ( ,flu%+1 ,long ,isl&1 f ,mrs4 ,isabella ,gibbs1 ! wife ( ,geo4 ,gibbs1 a m]*ant !n liv+ 9 ,brooklyn1 ,new ,york4 ,pr9ce /ates t he fir/ saw ?is grape 9 #ahaf & 0 s /ruck ) its appe>ance t he consid]$ x wor?y ( a "n & introduction to ! public4 ,x 0 consequ5tly nam$ 9 honor ( ,mrs4 ,gibbs & introduc$ %ortly aft] #ahaf4 ,9 answ] to a reque/ f ,pr9ce z to ! place ( its orig91 ,mrs4 ,gibbs report$ t x _h come orig9ally f ! vic9ity ( ,dor*e/]1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,?is acc\nt ( its orig9 0 publi%$ at ! "t 9 sev]al agricultural p]iodicals & lat] 9 ,pr9ce's ,treatise on ! ,v9e4 ,! :ole "q 0 ?or\ghly discuss$ 9 ! agricultural press ( t day b )\t a satisfactory solution ( ! place ( its nativity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,isabella ,ni*olas ,h]bemont#aid :o s\ght ! hi/ory ( ! v>iety 9 ! neighborhood ( ,dor*e/]1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 d\bt$ its hav+ orig9at$ !re1 z he f\nd x kn[n only z a cultivat$ sort ) a tradition ( its hav+ be5 introduc$ ye>s be=e by a g5tleman !n dead4 ,!re 7 v>i\s acc\nts publi%$ ( its hav+ orig9at$ 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,virg9ia1 ,delaw>e & ,europe1 none ( :i* are wor?y ( any cr$5ce4 ,all t c be said is t x orig9at$ "s "t 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 probably 9 "o ( ! ,c>ol9as & t x 0 cultivat$ 9 _m widely sep>at$ neighborhoods prior to #ahjj4 ,9 #aheb ,isabella 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog1 = g5]al cultivation4 ,9 #ahfd1 on acc\nt ( its susceptibility to mildew x 0 transf]r$ to a li/ = cultivation 9 special localities4 ,x 0 soon1 h[ev]1 re/or$ to ! orig9al li/ :]e x /ill rema9s4 ,aft] ! introduction ( ,concord1 z not$ above1 ! popul>ity ( ,isabella wan$ b x is /ill to be f\nd 9 _m sections z "o ( ! less plant$ ( ! m>ket sorts & is 9 practically all v>ietal v9ey>ds4 ,x 0 introduc$ into ,europe be=e #ahcj :]e x 0 q ext5sively cultivat$ = ! manufacture ( a l[ grade w9e1 & x is q probable t ! phyllox]a1 :i* lat] became su* a pe/1 0 introduc$ on roots ( ! ,isabella4 ,isabella is g5]ally class$ z a pure ,labrusca b !re are _m :o ?9k !re is a /ra9 ( ,v9if]a pres5t4 ,?is is indicat$ by ! %ape ( ! b]ries1 c]ta9 *>act]s ( ! se$s1 ! susceptibility ( ! v9e to mildew & ( ! fruit to black-rot4 ,! *>act]s ( ,isabella c be trac$ 9 a great numb] ( (fspr+ ?\gh comp>atively few ( !m h outliv$ ! p>5t 9 usefulness4 ,pure-br$ prog5y ( ! ,isabella diff] b little f ! p>5t & are class$ z /ra9s ( ! orig9al r ?an z new v>ieties4 ,hybrids ( x ) pure ,v9if]a are usually wor?less1 lack+ 9 vigor & h>d9ess1 & s mu* m s ?an 9 ! case ( hybrids ( ,v9if]a & kn[n pure ,am]ican grapes z to fur!r sugge/ ,v9if]a blood 9 ,isabella4 ,su* hybrids1 too1 usually be> a /rong] resemblance to ! ,old ,_w grape ?an (fspr+ ( pure-br$ p>5ts ( ! two species4 ,v9e vigor\s to m$ium1 usually h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess1 b sometimes produc+ heavy crops1 some:at subject to mildew 9 c]ta9 locations4 ,canes %ort to above m$ium1 num]\s1 cov]$ ) heavy pubesc5ce1 ?ick1 light to d>k br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 /rongly flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort to m$ium2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? int]m$iate to bel[ 9 size2 %oots cov]$ ) heavy pubesc5ce2 t5drils cont9u\s1 long1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds small1 %ort1 ?icki%1 conical1 op5 v late4 ,"y leaves t+$ on l[] side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) light rose c>m9e4 ,leaves int]m$iate 9 size1 (t5 r\ndi%1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 smoo? to m$ium1 glossy2 l[] surface :iti%-gre51 heavily pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes ?ree :5 pres5t ) t]m9al lobe obtuse to acute2 petiol> s9us %all[ to m$ium1 n>r[1 (t5 clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us usually none2 lat]al s9us %all[1 n>r[1 frequ5tly not*$2 tee? %all[1 m$ium to wide4 ,fl[]s usually /rongly self-f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit usually rip5s ) ,catawba or e>li]1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 ne>ly cyl9drical to conical1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 v>iable 9 compactness2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 ?ick2 p$icel v>iable 9 l5g?1 sl5d]1 almo/ smoo?1 mu* enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% long1 yell[i%-gre54 ,b]ries v>iable 9 size1 m$ium to l>ge1 oval1 deep black1 color long be=e ripe1 cov]$ ) consid]able blue bloom1 usually p]si/5t1 s(t4 ,sk9 ?ick to m$ium1 v t\gh1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 sometimes ) yell[i% t+e1 transluc5t1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d] b meaty1 some:at /r+y1 incl9$ to fox9ess1 sweet to agreeably t>t at c5t]1 slightly a/r+5t :5 n mature1 ranks good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate f ! pulp ) "s difficulty unless fully ripe1 "o to ?ree 9 numb]1 av]age two1 l>ge to m$ium1 broad1 di/9ctly not*$1 above m$ium to %ort1 br[ni% ) yell[ tips2 raphe obscure2 *alaza small1 above c5t]1 circul>1 r di/9ct4 ,mu/ #fj-gi4 ,,isabella ,,se$l+4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fcf4 #ahib4 #b4 ,ib41 #ac3fjd4 #ahid4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ada4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3eca1 #edh1 #eee1 #eei4 #ahih4 ,isabella ,se$l+ is an e>ly1 vigor\s1 productive (fspr+ ( ,isabella4 ,9 fruit *>act]s x greatly resembles its p>5t b is mu* e>li]1 rip5+ %ortly aft] ,moore ,e>ly1 & has a m compact bun*4 ,l its p>5t1 ! fruit is ( good quality & keeps rem>kably well = s e>ly a grape4 ,x is n[ gr[n 9 ,new ,york m ?an ,isabella & :ile n ( any consid]able comm]cial importance1 is f> m des]v+ att5tion z a m>ket grape ?an "s ( ! poorly flavor$ k9ds m g5]ally gr[n4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties "u ?is "n4 ,two are m5tion$ by ,w>d]2 "o ( ,ohio & "o ( ,new ,york orig94 ,! ,isabella ,se$l+ "h describ$ 0 orig9at$ by ,g4 ,a4 ,ens5b]g]1 ,sr41 ( ,bloom+ton1 ,ill9ois1 :o s5t x to ?is ,/ation = te/+ 9 #ahhi4 ,full details ( ! orig9 & hi/ory ( ?is grape are n kn[n1 ,mr4 ,ens5b]g] hav+ di$ soon aft] its dissem9ation1 )\t leav+ a record ( 8 "w4 ,v9e vigor\s to v vigor\s1 usually h>dy1 heal?y1 productive4 ,canes long to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 numb]1 ?icki%1 d>k br[n1 (t5 ) a t+e ( r$1 surface cov]$ ) ?9 bloom2 t5drils int]mitt5t to cont9u\s1 bifid4 ,leaves heal?y1 m$ium to l>ge1 r ?ick2 upp] surface m$ium gre51 dull1 ( av]age smoo?ness2 l[] surface pale gre5 or grayi%-gre51 occasionally ) t+e ( bronze1 pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct4 ,fl[]s ne>ly f]tile2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s e>ly b lat] ?an ,moore ,e>ly1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to m$ium1 long1 sl5d] to m$ium1 cyl9drical to slightly tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 loose to m$ium b m compact ?an ,isabella4 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 di/9ctly oval1 (t5 pe>-%ap$1 dull black1 cov]$ ) a mod]ate am\nt ( blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 r s(t4 ,sk9 m$ium to ?ick1 int]m$iate 9 t\ghness1 conta9s "s r$ pigm5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 juicy1 some:at t5d]1 slightly co>se1 v9\s1 sweet next ! sk9 to acid at c5t]1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s num]\s1 sep>ate r easily f ! pulp1 incl9$ to l>ge1 ( m$ium l5g?1 broad1 not*$1 plump1 d>k br[n2 raphe buri$ 9 a groove ( av]age wid?2 *alaza l>ge1 above c5t]1 circul> to slightly oval1 some:at obscure4 ,,israella4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,horticulturi/1 #ah3cac1 #cad4 #ahfc4 #b4 ,grant1 ,descript4 ,cat41 #ahfd3e1 #h1 #ah1 #ai1 #ba1 #cb4 #c4 ,grant1 ,grape ,v9es1 #ahfd3a1 #b1 #ac4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #cc3gj1 #adh1 #ccg4 #ahfg4 #e4 ,full]1 #ahfg3bbe4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfg3dd4 #g4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #cd3f1 #ajc1 #ach1 #adj1 #cji1 #cej4 #ahfh4 #h4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3db1 #aaf1 #bfb1 #cjb1 #cbf4 #ahfi4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3dj4 #aj4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aaa4 #aa4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaej1 #aaeh4 #ahih4 #ab4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3de4 #aija4 ,israella came f ,dr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,grant contemporane\sly ) ,iona1 & 0 h]ald$ f> & wide z ! e>lie/ good grape 9 cultivation4 ,= sev]al ye>s aft] its introduction x 0 widely tri$ & almo/ ev]y:]e disc>d$ because ( ! poor quality & unattractive appe>ance ( ! fruit & lack ( vigor1 h>d9ess & productiv5ess ( ! v9e4 ,dr4 ,grant grew ! ,israella f se$ ( ,isabella plant$ 9 #ahee4 ,9 #ahei or #ahfj1 ,pet] ,b4 ,mead1 !n editor ( ! ,horticulturi/1 select$ ?is v>iety f sev]al ?\s& se$l+s ( ! same p>5tage & nam$ x 9 honor ( ,dr4 ,grant's wife4 ,! fir/ fruit 0 borne 9 #ahei4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahfg & 0 dropp$ f _! li/ 9 #ahha4 ,x has be5 gradually dropp$ f cultivation al?\gh x is /ill to be f\nd 9 _m v>ietal v9ey>ds & is li/$ = sale by an occasional nurs]yman4 ,v9e int]m$iate 9 vigor1 usually h>dy1 h>dly productive4 ,canes ( av]age l5g?1 n num]\s1 sl5d]1 m$ium to d>k br[n2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 m$ium to rugose2 l[] surface pale gre5 to grayi%-gre51 fa9tly pubesc5t4 ,/am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s a little lat] ?an ,concord1 appe>s to keep well4 ,clu/]s above av]age size1 int]m$iate 9 l5g? & bread?1 /rongly tap]+1 (t5 s+le-%\ld]$1 usually compact1 frequ5tly ) _m abortive fruits4 ,b]ries small to m$ium1 r\ndi% to oval1 black or purpli%-black1 n glossy1 cov]$ ) a fair am\nt ( bloom1 incl9$ to drop some:at f ! p$icel1 n firm4 ,sk9 ?ick1 t\gh1 conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( purpli%-r$ pigm5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 juicy1 t5d]1 /r+y1 mild1 sweet f sk9 to c5t]1 appe>s to lack "*1 n s good 9 flavor or quality z ,concord1 ranks no m ?an fair 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 broad to m$ium1 decid$ly not*$1 blunt1 light br[n1 se$-coat (t5 cov]$ ) num]\s grayi% w>ts2 raphe buri$ 9 a %all[1 wide groove2 *alaza small1 at c5t] or above1 irregul>ly circul>1 obscure4 ,,ives4 7,labrusca1 ,ae/ivalis87 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahef3dcc4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aheh3agf4 #c4 ,horticulturi/1 #ba3cbg4 #ahff4 #d4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3aj1 #ab1 #db1 #hj1 #aaf4 #ahfi4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfi3db4 #f4 ,grape ,cult41 #b3aga1 fig41 #agb1 #big4 #ahgj4 #g4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge3djc4 fig4 #h4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aaa1 #aab4 fig4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #bb3aff4 #ahhi4 #aj4 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aj3aj4 #ahij4 #aa4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #cj3ajj1 #ajh4 #ahic4 #ab4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ci1 #db1 #de1 #df1 #ed1 #gf4 #ahii4 #ac4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bhi1 #bia4 #ahie4 #ad4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3ahb4 #ahif4 #ae4 ,trait g54 de vit41 #f3ahc4 #aijc4 ,ives' ,madeira 7#f1 #h1 #ae74 ,ives' ,madeira ,se$l+ 7#c74 ,ives' ,se$l+ 7#a1 #c1 #d1 #g74 ,ives' ,se$l+ 7#f1 #h1 #ad1 #ae74 ,ives' ,se$l+ ,madeira 7#ae74 ,kittr$ge 7#c1 #f1 #h1 #ae74 ,illu/ration3 ,,ives ,a numb] ( ye>s ago ,ives atta9$ a high reputation z a grape = ! mak+ ( r$ w9es & 0 held to be surpass$ only by ,norton = ?is purpose4 ,x is h>dy1 heal?y1 vigor\s1 & fruitful1 b poor 9 quality z a table grape1 n rank+ above ,h>t=d1 ) :i* x sometimes competes 9 ! m>ket ?\gh wrongfully1 z x is a mu* lat] grape4 ,ives colors long be=e x is ripe & is (t5 s5t to m>ket be=e suffici5tly matur$1 at :i* /age ( developm5t x is b>ely edible4 ,ev5 :5 ripe x has a foxy odor objectionable to ne>ly all2 moreov]1 its fle% is t\gh & pulpy4 ,! bun*es are compact ) well-=m$1 jet-black grapes1 :i* make x an attractive fruit4 ,x is easily propagat$ & is adapt$ to any good grape soil4 ,x is s rampant 9 gr[? t x is difficult to manage 9 ! v9ey>d4 ,! good *>act]s ( ! v9e1 z well z "o or two ( ! fruit1 indicate t ,ives might be desirable = bre$+ purposes1 b its special value is = ! mak+ ( r$ w9es ( ! cl>et type1 9 :i* x is said to h a f9e r$ color b a foxy ta/e & odor :i*1 h[ev]1 improve ) age4 ,ives is h>dly z widely gr[n z =m]ly1 hav+ be5 mo/ popul> at ! "t :5 ! ,catawba along ! ,ohio ,riv] 0 succumb+ to fungal diseases & a m heal?y & productive grape 0 want$4 ,x has nev] be5 v l>gely gr[n else:]e4 ,ives 0 gr[n by ,h5ry ,ives f se$ plant$ 9 #ahdj 9 8 g>d5 9 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio4 ,x 0 exhibit$ 9 #ahdd be=e ! ,c9c9nati ,horticultural ,society4 ,ives insi/$ t x came f se$ ( ,madeira grapes :i* _h be5 s5t him f abroad4 ,z ! v>iety is evid5tly l>gely1 if n :olly ,labrusca1 x has always be5 suppos$ t 8 ,madeira se$l+s became accid5tally mix$ ) a *ance se$l+4 ,because ( "s ( its *>act]s ! p>5tage ( ,ives has be5 v>i\sly cr$it$ to ,isabella1 ,alex&]1 ,h>t=d & o!rs1 b no?+ is positively kn[n z to ?is phase ( its orig94 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ 9 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahfi :]e x is /ill reta9$4 ,ives 0 aw>d$ 9 #ahfh ! premium (f]$ by ! ,longwor? ,w9e ,h\se ( ,c9c9nati = ! be/ w9e grape = ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x is /ill cultivat$ to a consid]able ext5t al?\gh n ne>ly s popul> z =ty ye>s ago4 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 productive to v productive4 ,canes long to m$ium1 ( av]age numb]1 ?ick1 d>k br[n to r$di%-br[n1 surface cov]$ ) ?9 blue bloom2 nodes enl>g$1 slightly flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? m$ium to bel[ 9 size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 ( av]age l5g?1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds m$ium to l>ge1 %ort1 ?ick1 obtuse to conical1 sometimes /rongly compress$4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface d>k gre51 dull1 m$ium to slightly rugose2 l[] surface v pale gre51 pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes ?ree to five :5 pres5t1 ) t]m9al lobe acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us deep1 n>r[1 sometimes clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us %all[1 m$ium 9 wid?2 lat]al s9us ( av]age dep?1 r n>r[2 tee? %all[ to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 wid?4 ,/am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord or slightly lat]1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s ( fair size1 int]m$iate 9 l5g? & bread?1 tap]+ to ne>ly cyl9drical1 ?ree or f\r bun*es p] %oot1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 compact to m$ium1 (t5 ) num]\s abortive b]ries2 p$uncle long to m$ium1 ( av]age ?ickness2 p$icel above m$ium 9 l5g?1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) num]\s1 small w>ts2 bru% %ort1 sl5d]1 pale gre5 ) r$di%-br[n t+e4 ,b]ries int]m$iate 9 size1 oval to r\ndi%1 jet-black1 cov]$ ) a mod]ate am\nt ( blue bloom1 v p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ( m$ium ?ickness1 t\gh1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s a fair am\nt ( w9e-color$ pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 v t\gh1 foxy1 sweet at sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 h>dly good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate ) difficulty f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age ?ree1 bel[ m$ium to small1 (t5 abortive1 m$ium to broad1 r %ort1 usually blunt & plump1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza a small circul> depression1 ne>ly c5tral1 usually obscure4 ,mu/ #hj4 ,,jaeg]4 7,l9cecumii1 ,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahij3aag4 #b4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #cj3ajg4 #ahic4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3acg1 fig41 #ach4 #d4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ee3eia4 #ahif4 #e4 ,ark4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ci3ca4 #ahif4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahig3bj4 #g4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaej1 #aaeh4 #ahih4 #h4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ci1 #dc1 #de1 #gf4 #ahii4 #i4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bgg4 #ahii4 #aj4 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3hc4 #aijj4 ,,h]mann ,,jaeg] 7#a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #g1 #i1 #aj74 ,jaeg] 7#c74 ,,jaeg]1 ,h]mann 7#f74 ,munson ,no4 #ha 7#b74 ,jaeg] is a l>ge-clu/]$1 small-b]ri$ grape f ,munson ( ,texas4#aie ,x is said to be v successful 9 ! ,s\? & ,s\?we/ bo? z a table & a w9e grape4 ,its m]itori\s qualities are vigor\s1 productive v9es ) foliage free f mildew & rot1 & well-flavor$1 t5d]-fle%$ b]ries ) ?9 t\gh sk9s4 ,x requires too long a season = maturity = successful cultivation 9 ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,,james ,munson grew ,jaeg] f se$ ( a select$ wild ,po/-oak v9e poll9at$ by ,h]bemont4 ,! se$ 0 plant$ 9 #ahhe & ! v>iety 0 introduc$ by ! orig9ator 9 #ahij4 ,! culture ( ,jaeg] seems to be sl[ly spread+4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahig & is /ill reta9$ !re4 ,v9e vigor\s1 d\btfully h>dy1 an unc]ta9 be>] 9 ,new ,york on acc\nt ( w9t] injury b yield+ good crops f>!r s\?4 ,canes v>iable 9 l5g?1 int]m$iate 9 numb] & ?ickness1 cov]$ ) consid]able blue bloom2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves l>ge1 n uni=m 9 color2 l[] surface grayi%-gre51 slightly pubesc5t2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s soon aft] ,concord1 matures ev5ly1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 /rongly compact4 ,b]ries bel[ m$ium to small1 r\ndi%1 frequ5tly compress$ on acc\nt ( compactness ( clu/]1 attractive black1 cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 ?91 t\gh4 ,fle% m$ium juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 spicy1 some:at t>t f sk9 to c5t]1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate v easily f ! pulp1 n num]\s1 long1 int]m$iate 9 size1 sometimes ) enl>g$ neck4 ,,james4 7,rotundifolia47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhi3acf4 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3agh4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahii3cj4 #d4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3de4 #aija4 #e4 ,n4 ,c4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ahg3fa4 #aijc4 #f4 ,s4 ,c4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #acb3af1 #ah4 #aijg4 ,james is ! only v>iety ( ,rotundifolia possible to illu/rate 9 ?is "w4 ,! accompany+ color-plate1 :ile n :olly satisfactory1 yet %[s *>act]i/ic fruit & foliage some:at r$uc$ 9 size4 ,james is "o ( ! l>ge/ ( ! ,rotundifolia grapes & probably ! be/ g5]al purpose v>iety ( ?is species4 ,x _c be gr[n nor? ( ,m>yl&4 ,! v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,j4 ,van ,l9dley ( ,pitt ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,x 0 introduc$ ab\t #ahij & 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahii4 ,x is n kn[n 9 ! ,nor? b is cultivat$ m or less ?r\gh\t ! habitat ( ,vitis rotundifolia 9 ! ,s\?4 ,! foll[+ description ( ! v>iety is a compilation3 ,v9e vigor\s1 heal?y1 productive4 ,fl[]s op5 v late2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s late1 hangs on ! v9es = ?ree weeks1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s small1 conta9+ f f\r to twelve b]ries1 irregul>1 loose4 ,b]ries l>ge1 ?ree-f\r?s to "o & "o-qu>t] in*es 9 diamet]1 r\ndi%1 black or blue-black4 ,sk9 v ?94 ,pulp juicy1 sweet1 good to be/ 9 quality4 ,,janesville4 7,labrusca1 ,rip>ia47 #a4 ,rec4 ( ,hort41 #ahfh3de4 #b4 ,horticulturi/1 #bd3eb1 #bjc4 #ahfi4 fig4 #c4 ,montreal ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgi3fe4 #d4 ,wis4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha-b3ada4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahhc3bf4 #f4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #de3fbb4 #ahhf4 #g4 ,wis4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #e3afa4 #ahhh4 #h4 ,mass4 ,hat* ,/a4 ,bul41 #b3bj4 #ahhh4 #i4 ,wis4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhi3aag4 #aj4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aj3dif4 #ahia4 #aa4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3adc4 #ab4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #g3ace1 #ach4 #ahie4 #ac4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3eca1 #ede1 #edg1 #eee4 #ahih4 ,end[$ ) a con/itution :i* enables x to )/& a degree ( cold to :i* mo/ o!r v>ieties ( grapes w\ld succumb1 ,janesville has made a place = itself 9 f> nor!rn localities4 ,moreov]1 x rip5s v e>ly1 be+ "o ( ! fir/ to color ?\gh n ripe until "s "t aft] fully color$2 & e>l9ess is ano!r requisite = a nor!rn location4 ,! v9e1 too1 is g5]ally heal?y1 vigor\s & productive4 ,b ! fruit is wor?less :]e bett] sorts c be gr[n4 ,! clu/]s & b]ries are small1 or ( only m$ium size1 :ile ! grapes are pulpy1 t\gh1 se$y1 ) a ?ick sk9 & a disagreeable acid ta/e4 ,janesville has s _m good v9e *>act]s t x may be ( value = bre$+ purposes4 ,x is fit = cultivation only 9 nor!rn localities :]e bett] grapes _c be gr[n or :]e fruit = a *eap r$ w9e is want$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,janesville ,janesville 0 gr[n by ,f4 ,w4 ,l\don1 ( ,janesville1 ,wiscons91 f se$ secur$ at ! ,rock ,c\nty ,fair 9 #aheh4 ,x fruit$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahfa & 0 introduc$ sev]al ye>s lat] by ,c4 ,h4 ,gre5man ( ,milton1 ,wiscons91 :o _h b\ght ! v>iety f ! orig9ator = #ajjj4 ,x 0 nam$ by ! ,wiscons9 ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahfh4 ,janesville 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ 9 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahhc & is /ill reta9$4 ,x is said by _m to be a cross ( ,h>t=d & ,cl9ton b ?is is a surmise & no?+ is positively kn[n z to its p>5tage4 ,its botanical *>act]s are pla9ly ^? ( a ,labrusca-,rip>ia cross b ) :at admixture ( ! two species _c be told4 ,! e>ly bloom+ season1 & sometimes int]mitt5t t5drils1 indicate ,vitis rip>ia1 :ile foliage & fruit %[ bo? ?is species & ,vitis labrusca4 ,v9e vigor\s to v vigor\s1 heal?y1 h>dy1 productive to v productive4 ,canes sp9y1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 num]\s1 m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 d>k br[n2 nodes flatt5$2 int]nodes long to m$ium2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? int]m$iate 9 size2 %oots ?9ly pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t to cont9u\s1 long1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 %ort1 ?ick1 conical1 prom95t1 op5 e>ly4 ,"y leaves t+$ on "u side & fa9tly along m>g9 ( upp] side ) rose c>m9e4 ,leaves small to m$ium1 some:at ?92 upp] surface v>iable 9 color1 glossy & smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 slightly pubesc5t2 ve9s indi/9ct2 leaf usually n lob$ ) t]m9us acute2 petiol> s9us int]m$iate 9 dep?1 n>r[1 (t5 clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal & lat]al s9uses lack+2 tee? %all[1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 v e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s slightly e>li] ?an ,concord al?\gh x colors mu* e>li]1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 %ort1 ( av]age bread?1 cyl9drical to tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle %ort1 sl5d]2 p$icel %ort1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) small scatt]+ w>ts2 bru% d>k w9e color4 ,b]ries int]m$iate 9 size1 r\ndi% to slightly oval1 dull black1 cov]$ ) r heavy blue bloom1 usually p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ?ick1 m$ium to ne>ly t\gh1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s consid]able d>k w9e-color$ pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale r$di%-gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 v t\gh1 r co>se1 v9\s1 sweet next ! sk9 b q acid at ! c5t]1 fair 9 quality4 ,se$s adh]e to ! pulp1 "o to six1 av]age ?ree1 above m$ium 9 size1 broad1 (t5 angul>1 r blunt1 d>k br[n2 raphe obscure2 *alaza l>ge1 ovate1 mod]ately di/9ct4 ,,jeff]son4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #ba3cfb4 #ahgi4 #b4 ,ib41 #bb3adb1 #agf1 #aia4 #ahhj4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3cc1 #dd4 #d4 ,d[n+1 #ahha3afg app4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahha3bd4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3hc1 #ajc1 #aje4 #g4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe-f3aga4 #h4 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3agh1 #bij4 #ahij4 #i4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3adc4 fig4 #aj4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3eca1 #edh1 #eeb4 #ahih4 #aa4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3acg4 #ahih4 #ab4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bci4 #aijb4 ,jeff]son is ! (fspr+ ( ,concord cross$ ) ,iona1 resembl+ 9 vigor1 productiv5ess & heal?9ess ! ,concord1 ?\gh n equal to x2 & 9 color & quality ( fruit ! ,iona4 ,x falls consid]ably %ort ( be+ an ,iona fruit on a ,concord v9e1 h[ev]1 :i* w\ld h made x "o ( ! mo/ valuable ( ,am]ican grapes4 ,! v9e produces its fruit two weeks lat] ?an ,concord & is n ne>ly z h>dy1 faults t deb> x f tak+ high rank z a comm]cial grape 9 ,new ,york4 ,9 its botanical *>act]s & 9 immunity f diseases x is almo/ id5tical ) ,concord4 ,=tunately ! v9es yield readily to lay+ d[n = w9t] protection s t ev5 9 comm]cial plantations x is n difficult to cov] ! v9es & s prev5t w9t] injury4 ,! fruit ( ,jeff]son is h&som] ?an t ( ,iona & ( almo/ equal quality4 ,! accompany+ color-plate %[s ! l>ge1 well-=m$1 compact bun*1 ) b]ries ( uni=m size & color1 :i*1 tak5 toge!r1 make x "o ( ! mo/ attractive ( r$ grapes4 ,! fle% is firm1 yet t5d] & juicy ) a ri*1 v9\s flavor & a delicate aroma :i* p]si/s ev5 aft] ! b]ries h dri$ into rais9s4 ,! fruit %ips & keeps well1 ! b]ries adh]+ to ! clu/] & ! fruit reta9+ its fre%ness into late w9t]4 ,! v9e *>act]s1 ) ! exceptions ( late be>+ & t5d]ness to cold1 are 9 ! ma9 good4 ,jeff]son is widely di/ribut$ & is well kn[n by viticulturi/s 9 ea/]n ,am]ica4 ,x is n p>ticul> z to localities1 if ! season be long & ! climate temp]ate1 & ?rives 9 ne>ly all grape soils ?\gh x does n fl\ri% 9 a soil /rongly impregnat$ ) lime4 ,?is v>iety is des]v+ great] recognition z a comm]cial grape ?an x n[ receives4 ,9 a discrim9at+ m>ket x %\ld comm& a suffici5tly high price to make x a pr(itable v>iety to gr[ 9 ?is ,/ate despite its ne$ ( protection4 ,few grapes1 & probably no r$ grape1 are m desirable inhabitants ( ! g>d5 ?an ,jeff]son2 x n only furni%es an abundance ( ! be/ long-keep+ fruit1 b is also v ornam5tal ?r\gh\t ! season4 ,?is v>iety is "o ( ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts'#aif grapes f se$ ( ,concord poll9at$ ) ,iona4 ,x fruit$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahgd & 0 introduc$ ab\t #ahhj4 ,9 #ahha x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog & has nev] be5 remov$4 ,( all ! rem>kable se$l+s rais$ by ,ricketts ! ,jeff]son is be/ kn[n & mo/ widely dissem9at$4 ,! v>iety won = its orig9ator ! ,wild] silv] m$al & z gr[n by him seldom fail$ to take premiums at exhibitions :]e %[n4 ,x is greatly to be regrett$ t ! v>iety does n h all ( ! *>act]s requisite to adapt x to culture 9 comm]cial v9ey>ds4 ,v9e normally vigor\s1 heal?y1 n always h>dy1 m$ium 9 productiv5ess4 ,canes %ort1 num]\s1 ab\t m$ium 9 ?ickness1 light to d>k br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 r\ndi%2 int]nodes %ort2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? m$ium to bel[ 9 size2 %oots heavily pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 m$ium to %ort1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds small1 %ort1 sl5d]1 po9t$ to conical1 op5 v late4 ,"y leaves t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) rose c>m9e4 ,leaves heal?y1 above m$ium to small1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface light gre51 m$ium to rugose on old] leaves2 l[] surface v pale gre51 /rongly pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 leaf usually n lob$ ) t]m9us acute2 petiol> s9us ( mean dep?1 n>r[ to wide1 sometimes clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us usually abs5t2 lat]al s9us %all[1 (t5 a m]e not*2 tee? regul>1 %all[1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s ne>ly fully self-f]tile1 op5 late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s late1 usually ab\t ) ,catawba1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 l5g? & wid?1 cyl9drical to slightly tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 b sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 m$ium to compact2 p$uncle %ort1 sl5d]2 p$icel m$ium to %ort1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) a few1 small1 inconspicu\s w>ts1 enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% r long1 sl5d]1 pale yell[i%-gre54 ,b]ries m$ium 9 size1 oval to ne>ly r\ndi%1 light & d>k r$1 glossy1 cov]$ ) a mod]ate am\nt ( lilac bloom1 p]si/5t1 v firm4 ,sk9 some:at ?ick1 t\gh1 ne>ly free f pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% light yell[i%-gre51 transluc5t1 v juicy1 co>se-gra9$1 t5d]1 v9\s1 sweet at sk9 to agreeably t>t at c5t]1 good to be/ 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age ?ree1 int]m$iate 9 size1 broad1 m$ium to %ort1 blunt1 usually plump1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( m$ium size1 slightly above c5t]1 circul> to pe>-%ap$1 di/9ct4 ,,jessica4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bd3cci4 #ahhb4 #b4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #bi3ai4 #ahhd4 #c4 ,c4 ,c54 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt41 #ahia3ace4 #d4 ,col4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bi3bb4 #ahid4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3add4 #f4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3eca1 #edh1 #eeb4 #ahih4 #g4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3aga4 #ahii4 #h4 ,ont4 ,fr4 ,exp4 ,/as4 ,rpt41 #h3aj1 fig41 #dh4 #aija4 #i4 ,c4 ,hort41 #bd3ddg4 #aija4 fig4 ,jessica is an e>ly1 h>dy gre5 grape f ,canada4 ,9 flavor x is v good = s e>ly a v>iety1 be+ sweet1 ri* yet sprightly & almo/ free f fox9ess4 ,b ! fruit lacks 9 attractiv5ess & keep+ quality1 & %ells badly :5 ov]ripe4 ,! clu/]s & b]ries are small1 & ! color is too gre5 & ! clu/] too loose = a good grape4 ,jessica may be comm5d$ = e>l9ess & h>d9ess & is !re=e desirable1 if at all1 9 nor!rn regions4 ,william ,h4 ,read ( ,port ,dalh\sie1 ,ont>io1 grew ,jessica f se$ plant$ "s "t betwe5 #ahgj & #ahhj4 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 #ahhd by ,d4 ,w4 ,beadle ( ,/4 ,ca?>9es1 ,ont>io4 ,jessica has be5 q ?or\ghly te/$ 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates b has nev] become popul> & is to be f\nd only 9 v>ietal v9ey>ds4 ,! p>5tage ( ! v>iety is unkn[n b x is g5]ally consid]$ to be ( mix$ ,labrusca & ,v9if]a blood1 ! t5drils1 foliage1 fruit *>act]s & ! weaknesses ( ! grape all %[+ a ,v9if]a hybrid4 ,v9e m$ium 9 vigor1 usually heal?y1 h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess4 ,canes m$ium to long1 num]\s1 ?icki%1 mod]ately d>k br[n ) r$ t+e *ang+ to a%-gray on "s canes2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t1 bifid or trifid4 ,leaves small to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 upp] surface m$ium to d>k gre51 glossy1 (t5 some:at rugose2 l[] surface pale gre51 v pubesc5t2 ve9s indi/9ct4 ,fl[]s ne>ly f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jewell ,fruit rip5s among ! e>lie/ ( ! :ite grapes1 keeps only fairly well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 n long1 sl5d]1 tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 int]m$iate 9 compactness4 ,b]ries small to m$ium1 r\ndi%1 light gre51 (t5 t+$ ) yell[1 cov]$ ) ?9 grayi%-:ite bloom1 r p]si/5t unless ov]ripe1 mod]ately s(t4 ,sk9 r ?91 ( av]age t\ghness1 adh]es b slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 fa9tly a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 almo/ transp>5t1 juicy1 t5d]1 s(t1 sprightly1 sweet1 good to above 9 flavor & quality4 ,se$s adh]e some:at to ! pulp1 ab\t av]age 9 size & l5g?1 m$ium to broad1 not*$1 br[ni%2 raphe buri$ 9 a n>r[ groove2 *alaza small1 above c5t]1 circul>1 ne>ly di/9ct4 ,,jewel4 7,labrusca1 ,b\rqu9iana1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3gh4 #b4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3bhj4 #c4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe-f3abh4 #d4 ,kan4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhf3ahg4 #e4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhf-g3bje4 #f4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #df3fjg4 #ahhg4 fig4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ih4 #h4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhh-i3ajg4 #i4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhi3cgc4 #aj4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fbg4 #ahic4 #aa4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3add4 #ab4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3eca1 #edh1 #eee4 #ahih4 #ac4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ci1 #db1 #df1 #ea1 #gf4 #ahii4 ,,burr',s ,,e>ly 7#a1 #b74 ,burr ,no4 #a 7#d74 ,jewell 7#b74 ,jewel has mu* to recomm5d x1 yet x has be5 gr[n s9ce #ahgd )\t hav+ become widely di/ribut$ or well kn[n4 ,its /rong *>act]s are e>l9ess & high quality1 ?\gh z comp>$ ) ,delaw>e1 its p>5t1 x is n lack+ 9 vigor1 heal?1 or h>d9ess1 ! v9e *>act]s t contribute mo/ to a desirable v>iety4 ,= a grape ( ?is p>5tage1 x is rem>kably free f fungal diseases4 ,9 =m & size ( bun* & b]ry x closely resembles ,delaw>e b is a deep black 9 color4 ,! fle% *>act]s & flavor are mu* l ^? ( ,delaw>e1 ! pulp be+ t5d]1 yet firm1 & ! flavor hav+ ! same ri*1 sprightly1 v9\s ta/e f\nd 9 ! p>5t1 ?\gh x c h>dly be said to equal ! ,delaw>e 9 ! *>act]s :i* make high quality4 ,! se$s are few & small4 ,! sk9 is ?9 b t\gh1 & ! fruit1 consid]+ ! t5d]ness ( ! fle%1 %ips rem>kably well4 ,x keeps long & does n %ell1 & ?\gh an e>ly grape1 w hang until fro/ if ! rob9s1 "o ( ! wor/ pe/s ( ! grape-gr[]1 c be kept f !m4 ,jewel is a mo/ excell5t little grape1 almo/ wor?y ! place among black grapes t ,delaw>e has among r$ ones4 ,9 p>ticul> x is recomm5d$ = its e>l9ess & = ^? localities to ! ,nor? :]e /&>d v>ieties1 z ,concord1 d n rip54 ,our li/ ( e>ly grapes is l>ge1 b mo/ ( !m are poor 9 quality1 :ile ,jewel is des]v+ 9 ?is respect to /& well t[>d ! head ( ! li/4 ,john ,burr ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 grew ,jewel f se$ ( ,delaw>e plant$ ab\t #ahgd4 ,! blossoms be+ op5 to cross-poll9ation1 ! male p>5t is unkn[n4 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 #ahhg by ,/ayman ,black ( ,leav5wor?4 ,jewel has be5 q widely te/$ 9 v>ietal v9ey>ds b has nev] become popul> & 9 ! ,ea/1 9 p>ticul>1 is h>dly kn[n4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 heal?y1 h>dy except 9 expos$ locations1 m$ium to productive4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g? & numb]1 sl5d]1 light to d>k r$di%-br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to %ort2 diaphragm ?icki%2 pi? m$ium to bel[ 9 size2 %oots ?9ly pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 ( av]age l5g?1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds ( m$ium size1 %ort1 ?ick1 conical1 op5 e>ly4 ,"y leaves heavily t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves scant1 int]m$iate 9 size1 ?ick2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 m$ium to rugose2 l[] surface t+$ ) bronze1 heavily pubesc5t2 ve9s well def9$2 lobes ?ree :5 pres5t1 ) t]m9us acute2 petiol> s9us ( av]age dep?1 n>r[ to m$ium2 basal s9us usually lack+2 lat]al s9us %all[1 wide2 tee? %all[1 ( ord9>y wid?4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 9 mid-season or some:at e>li]2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,moore ,e>ly1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 sl5d] to m$ium1 tap]+ to cyl9drical1 s+le-%\ld]$1 m$ium to compact2 p$uncle inf]ior 9 l5g?1 ( av]age size2 p$icel %ort to m$ium1 sl5d]2 bru% %ort1 w9e-color$4 ,b]ries m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi% to oval1 d>k purpli%-black1 dull1 cov]$ ) heavy1 blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 mod]ately firm4 ,sk9 incl9$ to ?91 t\gh1 adh]es to ! pulp1 conta9s d>k1 w9e-color$ pigm5t1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 usually t5d]1 sprightly1 v9\s1 sweet f sk9 to c5t]1 n foxy1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s d n sep>ate readily f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age two1 int]m$iate 9 size & bread?1 frequ5tly "o-sid$1 blunt1 light br[n2 raphe hidd5 9 a deep groove2 *alaza small1 above c5t]1 circul> to oval1 di/9ct4 ,,k5s+ton4 7,v9if]a1 ,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,c4 ,c54 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt41 #ahia3ace4 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3add4 #c4 ,c4 ,c54 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt41 #ahig3fc4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ah3cie4 #ahii4 ,k5s+ton is *iefly int]e/+ z a cross betwe5 ,rip>ia & ,v9if]a1 ?\gh x has sev]al v m]itori\s fruit & v9e *>act]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,k5s+ton ,x resembles ,cl9ton1 its ,rip>ia p>5t1 9 vigor1 h>d9ess1 gr[?1 & productiv5ess ( v9e & 9 ! botanical *>act]s ( v9e & foliage2 b ! fruit has _m ( ! *>act]s ( ! ,european p>5t1 ,buckl& ,sweetwat]4 ,! grape is a h&some yell[i%-gre5 ) l>ge oval b]ries 9 a some:at loose clu/] ( m$ium size4 ,z x gr[s on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation1 ! clu/]s conta9 _m undevelop$ b]ries & are n z uni=m 9 size & %ape z might be desirable4 ,:ile ! quality is n equal to t ( ,buckl& ,sweetwat]1 x is mu* bett] ?an ,cl9ton1 rank+ among good to be/ grapes4 ,! fle% is t5d] & juicy1 ?\gh slightly /r+y1 ) a ri*1 sweet1 v9\s flavor4 ,! se$s are m>k$ly ^? ( ,v9if]a4 ,! h>d9ess ( ! v9e & ! high quality ( ! fruit %\ld make ,k5s+ton a favorite gre5 grape 9 nor!rn g>d5s4 ,x is d\btful if its good *>act]s are suffici5t 9 numb] or degree to make x ( value = comm]cial v9ey>ds4 ,?is v>iety 0 produc$ by ,william ,saund]s ( ,london1 ,ont>io1 f se$ ( ,cl9ton poll9at$ by ,buckl& ,sweetwat]4 ,x 0 s5t out = te/+ sometime betwe5 #ahgj & #ahhj & s9ce t "t has be5 c>efully tri$ at ! ,canadian ,exp]im5t ,/ation & ?is ,/ation1 & ) v favorable results4 ,= "s reason x seems n to h be5 v g5]ally introduc$ into cultivation & nurs]ym5 sc>cely h&le x ?\gh x ought to be f\nd 9 g>d5s & 9 nor!rn v9ey>ds at lea/4 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 usually productive b sometimes an unc]ta9 be>]1 some:at susceptible to attacks ( mildew & leaf-hopp]s4 ,canes m$ium to long1 ( av]age numb]1 some:at sl5d]1 light br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort to m$ium2 diaphragm int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 pi? ( m$ium size2 %oots ?9ly pubesc5t2 t5drils p]si/5t1 int]mitt5t to cont9u\s1 r long1 bifid to sometimes trifid4 ,leaf-buds m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 v>iable 9 l5g?1 sl5d]1 conical to po9t$1 op5 v late4 ,"y leaves t+$ ) fa9t rose-c>m9e on l[] side only2 upp] side heavily pubesc5t1 prevail+ color pale gre5 ) fa9te/ trace ( c>m9e4 ,leaves small to m$ium1 ?92 upp] surface light gre51 glossy1 smoo? to m$ium2 l[] surface pale gre51 pubesc5t1 some:at hairy2 lobes none to ?ree ) t]m9us obtuse to acute2 petiol> s9us ( av]age dep?1 mod]ately n>r[2 basal s9us %all[ :5 pres5t2 lat]al s9us %all[1 usually a not*2 tee? deep & wide4 ,fl[]s /rongly self-f]tile1 op5 m$ium e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord1 does n keep v long 9 good condition4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 int]m$iate 9 l5g? & bread?1 cyl9drical to tap]+1 (t5 heavily s+le-%\ld]$1 sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 loose to m$ium1 frequ5tly ) _m undevelop$ b]ries2 p$uncle long to m$ium1 sl5d]2 p$icel long & sl5d]1 cov]$ ) num]\s small1 inconspicu\s w>ts1 wide at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% %ort1 pale gre54 ,b]ries v>iable 9 size1 di/9ctly oval1 attractive gre5 *ang+ to yell[i%-gre5 z ! fruit matures1 glossy1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 mod]ately firm4 ,sk9 ?91 some:at t\gh1 adh]es to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 fa9tly a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transp>5t1 juicy1 t5d]1 /r+y1 v9\s1 sweet1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp :5 fully ripe b frequ5tly leave "s fle% atta*$ to ! se$1 two to f\r1 av]age ?ree1 heavily wr9kl$1 l>ge & long1 broad to m$ium1 some:at %>p po9t$1 yell[i%-br[n2 raphe buri$ 9 a %all[ groove2 *alaza ( av]age size1 above c5t]1 v irregul> 9 %ape1 r di/9ct4 ,,k+4 7,labrusca87 #a4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aije3fjb4 #b4 ,ib41 #aijf3bae4 ,k+ has n fruit$ on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation1 b "o ( ! au?ors ( ?is "w 0 a committeeman f ! ,mi*igan ,horticultural ,society to "n & describe ! v>iety z x grew on ! gr\nds ( ! orig9ator4 ,! foll[+ 0 ! e/imate ( x made at t "t3 ,! ,k+ is m vigor\s & prolific ?an ! ,concord1 "t ( rip5+ & l5g? ( season ! same1 clu/]s are "o-f\r? l>g]1 grapes are m p]si/5t 9 p$icels1 pulp is m t5d]1 flavor ne>ly ! same1 b m sprightly1 se$s few] 9 numb]1 wood h>d] & ( %ort] jo9ts & ! p$icels are l>g]4 ,?is v>iety 0 f\nd gr[+ 9 ! ,concord v9ey>d ( ,w4 ,k4 ,munson1 ,gr& ,rapids1 ,mi*igan1 9 #ahib4 ,! v9e 0 set = a ,concord1 & is ei!r a bud-sport ( t v>iety or is "s o!r sort t became accid5tally mix$ ) ! ,concord v9es4 ,mr4 ,munson believes x to be ! =m]4 ,k+ is ?\ght by "s to be ,eaton on acc\nt ( its close resemblance to t v>iety b ! grape-gr[]s :o h exam9$ x1 g5]ally hold x to be di/9ct4 ,x is 9 all respects a typical black (fspr+ ( ,concord1 :e!r sup]ior rema9s to be det]m9$4 ,x has be5 widely dissem9at$ & its place 9 viticulture %\ld soon be kn[n4 ,9 seek+ ! orig9 ( ! grapes describ$ 9 ?is "w1 an ef=t has be5 made to det]m9e :e!r any c\ld be said ) c]ta9ty to h aris5 f bud-sports4 ,k+ is ! be/ au!nticat$ bud-sport among ! grapes "h li/$ & yet !re is1 z ! above hi/ory %[s1 "s d\bt z to its hav+ orig9at$ 9 ?is way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lady ,! description ( ,k+ giv5 bel[ 0 made f v9es & fruit f ,ellwang] ,b>ry's v9ey>ds1 ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york4 ,v9e vigor\s to v vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive4 ,canes m$ium to above 9 l5g?1 int]m$iate 9 numb] & ?ickness1 m$ium to d>k r$di%-br[n2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t1 trifid to bifid4 ,leaves unusually l>ge1 ?ick2 upp] surface m$ium gre51 dull1 ( av]age smoo?ness2 l[] surface grayi%-:ite *ang+ to slight bronze1 consid]ably pubesc5t2 ve9s fairly di/9ct4 ,fruit rip5s betwe5 ,word5 & ,concord1 appe>s to keep well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to above m$ium1 above av]age l5g?1 broad to m$ium1 irregul>ly tap]+ to slightly cyl9drical1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 compact to m$ium4 ,b]ries unusually l>ge av]ag+ slightly bel[ ,mc,pike 9 size1 r\ndi%1 r$di%-black to black z ! fruit fully matures1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 m$ium to ?ick1 t\gh1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s a mod]ate am\nt ( r$di% pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 v juicy1 some:at t\gh1 /r+y & ) "s fox9ess1 sweet at sk9 to agreeably t>t at c5t]1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s adh]5t1 n num]\s1 above av]age 9 size1 %ort1 broad1 slightly not*$ if at all1 blunt to m$ium1 plump1 light br[n2 raphe hidd5 9 a %all[ groove2 *alaza l>ge1 at c5t] or above1 obscure4 ,,lady4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,horticulturi/1 #bi3dh4 #ahgd4 #b4 ,ib41 #cj3hd1 fig41 #cfg4 #ahge4 #c4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge3bie1 #daa4 fig4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ah3dj1 #ace1 #acf1 #adc1 #afb4 #ahha4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahha3bd4 #f4 ,n4 ,j4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3ab4 #g4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aad4 #h4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3ha4 #aj4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #de3bcd1 #fbb4 #ahhf4 #ab4 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3agh1 #bad1 #dij1 #eii4 #ahij4 #ac4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfd4 #ahic4 #ad4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecb1 #edh1 #eeb4 #ahih4 ,lady is g5]ally accr$it$ ) be+ ! highe/ 9 quality ( all ! se$l+s ( ,concord &1 add$ to its high quality1 x is e>ly1 fairly vigor\s1 h>dy1 & ne>ly z free f fungal diseases z its p>5t4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 )\t faults1 "o ( :i*1 a ?91 t5d] sk9 :i* cracks badly1 :olly deb>s x f ev] mak+ a comm]cial v>iety = o!r ?an ne>by m>kets4 ,! v9e is mu* l t ( ,concord1 ?\gh n z vigor\s nor z productive1 b rip5+ its fruit fully two weeks e>li]4 ,! fruit is mu* sup]ior to ,concord 9 quality1 be+ ri*]1 sweet]1 & hav+ less fox9ess4 ,x hangs on ! v9es well b det]iorates rapidly aft] pick+4 ,! t]m ironclad us$ by grape-gr[]s to express h>d9ess & fre$om f diseases1 is probably z applicable to ,lady z to any o!r ( our ,labrusca grapes4 ,! foliage is d5se & ( a deep glossy gre5 color1 nei!r scald+ "u a hot sun1 nor freez+ until heavy fro/s1 mak+ x an attractive ornam5t 9 ! g>d54 ,x is des]v$ly popul> z an amateur grape & %\ld be plant$ m = ne>by m>kets4 ,x may be expect$ to succe$ :]ev] ,concord is gr[n1 & because ( its e>ly rip5+ is especially adapt$ to nor!rn latitudes :]e ,concord does n always mature4 ,?\gh x rip5s e>ly x />ts its buds late & blossoms late1 !reby (t5 escap+ late spr+ fro/s4 ,:5 ,lady 0 fir/ he>d (1 x 0 9 ! h&s ( a ,mr4 ,imlay ( ,musk+um ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,he _h receiv$ x z a premium f an agricultural pap] ) o!rs1 all repres5t$ to be pure ,concord se$l+s4 ,?is 0 dur+ ! ,civil ,w>4 ,lat] ! v>iety 0 sold to ,george ,w4 ,campbell ( ,delaw>e1 ,ohio1 :o introduc$ x 9 #ahgd4 ,lady 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahha :]e x is /ill reta9$4 ,! ,lady is ano!r example ( a gre5 se$l+ ( ,concord :i* excels its p>5t 9 quality4 ,among sev]al ( su* se$l+s1 ?is v>iety is "o ( ! highe/ 9 quality4 ,v9e weak to mod]ately vigor\s1 h>dy1 m$ium 9 productiv5ess1 heal?y4 ,canes %ort1 m$ium 9 numb]1 sl5d]1 d>k r$di%-br[n2 nodes ( fair size1 flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? int]m$iate 9 size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 ( av]age l5g?1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds small1 %ort1 po9t$ to conical4 ,leaves m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface light gre51 glossy1 m$ium to some:at rugose2 l[] surface pale gre52 pubesc5t2 ve9s r indi/9ct2 lobes none to five1 ) t]m9al lobe acum9ate2 petiol> s9us %all[ to m$ium1 wide2 basal s9us ( av]age wid?2 lat]al s9us v>iable 9 dep? & wid?2 tee? m$ium to %all[1 int]m$iate 9 wid?4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,w9*ell1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s n uni=m1 small to above m$ium1 %ort1 sl5d]1 cyl9drical1 sometimes s+le-%\ld]$1 compact to /raggl+2 p$uncle m$ium to %ort1 ( av]age size2 p$icel int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 ?ick & smoo?1 wide at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% sl5d]1 long1 gre5i%-:ite4 ,b]ries v>iable 9 size1 l>ge to bel[ m$ium1 r\ndi%1 light gre51 (t5 ) t+e ( yell[1 glossy1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 cov]$ ) small1 scatt]+1 d>k dots1 incl9$ to crack1 ?91 t5d]1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%-:ite1 transluc5t1 juicy1 t5d]1 aromatic1 agreeably sweet f sk9 to c5t]1 v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate f ! pulp r easily1 few 9 numb]1 int]m$iate 9 size & l5g?1 m$ium to broad1 blunt1 light br[n2 raphe obscure2 *alaza l>ge1 above c5t]1 circul> to oval1 n di/9ct4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lady ,,wa%+ton ,,lady ,,wa%+ton4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #ai3ccf4 #ahgg4 #b4 ,ib41 #bj3dg4 #ahgh4 #c4 ,ib41 #ba3adg4 #ahgi4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3cc1 #df4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahha3bd4 #f4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bf3ad1 #ccd4 #ahhd4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #e3afg1 #afh4 #ahhf4 #h4 ,ib41 #i3cca4 #ahij4 #i4 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aj3aa4 #ahij4 #aj4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3afd4 #ahia4 #aa4 ,col4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bi3bb4 #ahid4 #ab4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3adg4 #ac4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecb1 #eda1 #edd1 #ede1 #edg1 #eeb4 #ahih4 ,7 !re n s _m really f9e gre5 grapes1 & 7 !y s\ght = by grape-buy]s1 m might be said comm5datory ( ,lady ,wa%+ton4 ,x is 9 _m respects a mo/ excell5t grape b x falls %ort 9 quality = a gre5 grape & does n excel greatly 9 v9e *>act]s2 x _c !re=e be highly recomm5d$ to grape-gr[]s except to give v>iety 9 ! v9ey>d & = locations :]e x does preem95tly well4 ,! fruit makes an excell5t appe>ance1 keeps well & %ips well1 & is fairly t5d]1 juicy & sweet1 ) a delicate aroma4 ,! v9e is v luxuriant1--too mu* s1--h>dy = a grape ) ,v9if]a blood1 & heal?y1 ?\gh slightly susceptible to mildew4 ,z an exhibition grape few gre5 v>ieties %[ bett] :5 gr[n ) all possible c>e & 9 a favorable location1 = ! v>iety is some:at caprici\s z to soils & locations4 ,x appe>s to be a desirable v>iety = home use4 ,9 ! ,we/ & ,s\?we/ x is said to succe$ bett] ?an mo/ o!rs ( ,ricketts' grapes4 ,lady ,wa%+ton is ano!r ( ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts' f9e se$l+s1 ?is v>iety hav+ come f se$ ( ,concord f]tiliz$ by ,all5's ,hybrid4 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 #ahgh1 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahha1 & is /ill reta9$ !re4 ,! v9e *>act]s ( ,lady ,wa%+ton are mo/ly ^? ( ,vitis labrusca b ! fruit pla9ly %[s ! admixture ( ,v9if]a4 ,v9e usually m vigor\s ?an ,concord1 sometimes su/a9s w9t] injury1 productive1 susceptible to mildew4 ,canes long1 few1 ?ick1 mod]ately d>k br[n2 nodes greatly enl>g$1 v>iable 9 %ape2 int]nodes m$ium to long2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? l>ge to m$ium2 %oots /rongly pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 long1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds l>ge to m$ium1 %ort1 ?ick1 op5 late4 ,"y leaves lightly t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) light rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge1 r ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 old] leaves /rongly rugose1 glossy2 l[] surface pale gre51 /rongly pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 leaf n lob$1 ) t]m9us acute2 petiol> s9us m$ium to deep1 n>r[1 frequ5tly clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us usually none2 lat]al s9us %all[1 (t5 a m]e not*2 tee? %all[ to m$ium1 r n>r[4 ,fl[]s fully self-f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s aft] mid-season1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to m$ium1 broad to m$ium1 irregul>ly cyl9drical1 s+le-%\ld]$ to frequ5tly d\ble-%\ld]$1 loose to m$ium2 p$uncle long1 sl5d] to m$ium2 p$icel incl9$ to %ort1 n ?ick1 cov]$ ) num]\s conspicu\s w>ts1 di/9ctly enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% v %ort1 gre5i%4 ,b]ries v>iable 9 size1 r\ndi% to oblate1 d>k gre5 *ang+ to yell[i%-amb]1 glossy1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 ( m$ium firmness4 ,sk9 ?91 t5d]1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transp>5t1 juicy & t5d]1 some:at /r+y1 aromatic1 sweet1 ranks above ,concord 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate fairly well f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age ?ree1 int]m$iate 9 size & l5g?1 broad to m$ium1 br[n ) yell[i% t+e2 raphe obscure2 *alaza int]m$iate 9 size1 above c5t]1 irregul>ly circul>1 obscure4 ,,l5oir4 7,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,am]4 ,f>m]1 #aa3bcg1 #dab4 #ahbi-cj4 #b4 ,d[n+1 #ahde3bef4 #c4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahdg3dfi4 #d4 ,horticulturi/1 #ab3dfj4 #aheg4 #e4 ,ib41 #ad3dhg4 #ahei4 #f4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahei3ce4 #g4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #e3gd4 #ahfc4 #h4 ,ib41 #e3gc4 #ahfc4 #i4 ,full]1 #ahfg3bbf4 #aj4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3feb4 #aa4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahhi3bd4 #ab4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3adh4 fig4 #ac4 ,husmann1 #ahie3hc1 #ahc4 #ad4 ,ib41 #ahie3aba1 #abb4 #ae4 ,tex4 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,feb4 #h1 #ahif3aj1 #aa4 #af4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaej1 #aaei4 #ahih4 #ag4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,yr4 ,bk41 #ahih3eeg4 #ah4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bdf4 #aijb4 #ai4 ,trait g54 de vit41 #f3cgd4 #aijc4 ,alabama 7#ai74 ,ar*]8 7#h74 ,black ,s\vignon 7#g7 b incorr4 ,black ,el ,paso 7#ae74 ,black ,july 7#g74 ,black ,l5oir 7#ai74 ,,black ,,spani% 7#ad74 ,black ,spani% 7#h1 #ab1 #ae1 #ai74 ,blue ,fr5* 7#ae1 #ai74 ,blue ,grape ( ! ,s\? 7#g74 ,burgundy 7#ab1 #ae1 #ai74 ,cig> ,box ,grape 7#ai74 ,cl>5ce 78#b1 #g74 ,dev]eaux ( ,g>d5+ = ! ,s\? 7#d74 ,dev]eaux 7#ai74 ,dev]eux 7#e1 #g18i74 ,e>ly ,black 7#d74 ,,el ,,paso 7#f74 ,el ,paso 7#ab1 #ai74 ,h>ris8 7#g1 #i74 ,,jack 7#h74 ,jack 7#ab1 #ae1 #ai74 ,jacques 7#ab1 #ae1 #af1 #ai74 ,,jacquez 7#ai74 ,jacquez 7#ae74 ,jac 7#ai74 ,jacquet 7#ai74 ,july ,%]ry 7#d74 ,l5oir 7#ad1 #ai74 ,long8 7#i74 ,longwor?'s ,ohio 7#ai74 ,l\isville ,se$l+8 7#i74 ,mac,candless 7#ai74 ,ohio 7#h1 #ai74 ,ohio ,cig> ,box8 7#i74 ,oldh\se8 7#g74 ,pungo ( ,n4 ,c48 7#g74 ,seg> ,box 7#h1 #ai74 ,%]ry ( ! ,s\? 7#g74 ,spr+/e9 7#g74 ,/4 ,g5evieve8 7#i74 ,sumpt] 78#b1 #d1 #g74 ,?urmond 7#d1 #e1 #g18i74 ,w>r5 7#h74 ,wylie8 7#i74 ,l5oir is a s\!rn grape1 too t5d] & too late 9 rip5+ = ev5 ! ,middle ,/ates4 ,?is v>iety has be5 l>gely us$ 9 ,france1 bo? z a resi/ant /ock & z a direct produc]1 b = "s ye>s has be5 los+ favor = ei!r purpose4 ,x has also be5 gr[n m or less 9 ,cali=nia z a resi/ant /ock4 ,x is highly valu$ = its d>k r$ w9e1 is consid]$ a v good table grape1 is v resi/ant to phyllox]a1 & )/&s dr\?s well4 ,! orig9 ( ,l5oir is unkn[n4 ,x 0 9 cultivation 9 ! ,s\? z long ago z ! e>ly "p ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,ni*olas ,h]bemont#aig /ates 9 #ahbi t its "n 0 giv5 x f a man nam$ ,l5oir :o cultivat$ x ne> ,/ateburg1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 ! vic9ity ( ! ,santee ,riv]4 ,!re are traditions ( its be+ import$ f ,europe1 ( its be+ f\nd by ,l5oir alongside a h$ge1 & s on1 b none ( !m seem 9 any way au?oritative4 ,all t c be said is t ,l5oir orig9at$ probably 9 "o ( ! ,c>ol9as or ,georgia "s "t 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,?is v>iety 0 tri$ at an e>ly day 9 ! nor!rn & middle /ates1 by ,longwor? at ,c9c9nati1 by ! ,g]mans 9 ,miss\ri1 & 9 o!r places4 ,on acc\nt ( its be+ only semi-h>dy & some:at susceptible to rot1 its cultivation 0 soon ab&on$4 ,x 0 e>ly introduc$ into ,texas & cultivat$ 9 ! vic9ity ( ,el ,paso1 f :i* x d]iv$ "o ( its synonyms4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahhi & is /ill reta9$4 ,l5oir diff]s f ,h]bemont1 ) :i* x is (t5 confus$1 9 hav+ wood ( a d>k] color1 l>g] & d>k] leaves & slight diff]5ces 9 ! fruit4 ,! foll[+ description is tak5 f v>i\s acc\nts ( ! v>iety3 ,v9e vigor\s1 ?rifty1 semi-h>dy1 usually q productive4 ,canes r num]\s ) "s bloom at ! nodes2 t5drils int]mitt5t4 ,leaves f two to sev5-lob$1 usually five1 & ( a *>act]i/ic blui%-gre5 color above & a m pale gre5 bel[4 ,clu/]s q v>iable1 m$ium to v l>ge1 tap]+1 usually %\ld]$4 ,b]ries small to m$ium1 r\nd1 ( a d>k blui%-purple1 ne>ly black1 ) lilac bloom4 ,sk9 r ?ick1 t\gh4 ,fle% slightly juicy1 t5d]1 subacidly sweet1 v ri* 9 color+ matt]4 ,,l9dley4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfb3bae4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfg3dd4 #c4 ,horticulturi/1 #bd3abf1 #cab4 #ahfi4 #d4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3bba4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3dj4 #f4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhb3ge4 #g4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aag4 fig4 #h4 ,g>4 & ,=41 #e3edg4 #ahib4 #i4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3cbi4 #ahij4 #aj4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfj4 #ahic4 #aa4 ,c4 ,hort41 #ag3bed1 #dje4 #ahid4 #ab4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3acg4 #ahih4 #ac4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecb1 #eda1 #edc1 #ede1 #edf1 #edh1 #eeb1 #eeh4 #ahih4 #ad4 ,miss4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3ae4 #ahii4 #ae4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agb4 #ahii4 #af4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bbc1 #bga4 #aijj4 #ag4 ,c4 ,hort41 #bf3ea1 #if1 #bih1 fig41 #bii4 #aijc4 ,,rog]s' ,,no4 #i 7#a1 #b74 ,rog]s' ,no4 #i 7#c1 #g1 #i1 #aa1 #ag74 ,to ,l9dley1 less productive ?an sev]al o!rs ( its class1 b :5 cross-f]tiliz$ usually be>+ a crop ( excell5t grapes1 is due mu* ( ! popul>ity ( ,rog]s' hybrids4 ,by common cons5t x is ! be/ ( ! r$ grapes orig9at$ by ,rog]s 9 8 crosses betwe5 ,labrusca & ,v9if]a4 ,un=tunately ! color-plate does n d ! v>iety ju/ice4 ,bo? b]ry & bun* %\ld be %[n a little l>g]1 ev5 = av]age-siz$ specim5s4 ,:5 well gr[n ,l9dley is a v h&some grape4 ,! bun*es are ( only m$ium size & are some:at loose b ! b]ries are well-=m$1 ( uni=m size1 & ( an attractive d>k r$ color4 ,! fle% is firm1 f9e-gra9$1 juicy & t5d] )\t pulp9ess & ) a peculi>ly ri* aromatic flavor4 ,! sk9 is ?ick & r t\gh b is n objectionable 9 fully ripe fruit4 ,! fruit keeps well & %ips well & ! b]ries nei!r crack nor %att]4 ,! v9e is vigor\s1 comp>atively h>dy = a ,v9if]a hybrid1 fairly heal?y1 b z ) mo/ ( its k9d1 susceptible to mildew4 ,! *ief defects ( ,l9dley are its self-/]ility & prec>i\sness 9 be>+1 & its lack ( adaptation to _m soils4 ,l9dley has long be5 a favorite grape 9 ! g>d5 & %\ld cont9ue to be su*1 & might well be gr[n 9 comm]cial plantations z a fancy product4 ,= an acc\nt ( ! orig9 & p>5tage ( ,l9dley see ,rog]s' ,hybrids4 ,rog]s' ,no4 #i1 or ,l9dley1 is fir/ m5tion$ sep>ately f ! o!rs ( ,rog]s' hybrids ab\t #ahfb4 ,9 #ahfi ,rog]s gave ?is grape ! "n ,l9dley 9 honor ( ,john ,l9dley1 ! ,engli% botani/4 ,! v>iety has be5 us$ by a numb] ( bre$]s1 ,munson 9 p>ticul>1 z a p>5t = improv$ pure-br$ or cross-br$ (fspr+4 ,l9dley 0 plac$ on ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog li/ 9 #ahfg & has n be5 remov$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l9dley ,v9e vigor\s to rank1 usually h>dy b sometimes injur$ 9 expos$ locations1 n a heavy yield]1 some:at susceptible to mildew1 (t5 subject to attacks ( leaf-hopp]s4 ,canes v long1 int]m$iate 9 numb]1 ( m$ium ?ickness1 d>k r$di%-br[n1 cov]$ ) ?9 blue bloom2 nodes enl>g$1 usually flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to long1 ?ick2 pi? ( m$ium size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 m$ium to long1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds l>ge1 ( av]age l5g?1 above m$ium 9 ?ickness1 obtuse to conical1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves heavily t+$ on upp] & "u sides ) mahogany-r$4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge1 ?icki%2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 slightly rugose2 l[] surface grayi%-:ite1 pubesc5t2 obscurely ?ree-lob$ ) t]m9us acute2 petiol> s9us deep1 n>r[1 (t5 clos$ & ov]lapp+2 tee? %all[1 int]m$iate 9 wid?4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s 9 mid-season1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s m$ium 9 size1 long1 incl9$ to broad1 tap]+ to ne>ly cyl9drical1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 ! %\ld] be+ connect$ to ! bun* by a r long /em1 some:at loose2 p$uncle m$ium to long1 ?ick2 p$icel %ort to m$ium1 sl5d]1 ne>ly smoo?1 /rongly enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% %ort1 /ubby1 pale gre54 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 r\ndi% to slightly oval1 d>k brick-r$1 cov]$ ) lilac or fa9t blue bloom1 d n usually drop f ! p$icel1 ( av]age firmness4 ,sk9 v>iable 9 ?ickness1 t\gh1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 /rongly a/r+5t4 ,fle% v pale gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 ne>ly t5d]1 v9\s1 sweet at sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 good to be/ 9 quality4 ,se$s d n sep>ate easily f ! pulp unless fully ripe1 two to five1 av]age ?ree1 int]m$iate 9 size & l5g?1 di/9ctly not*$1 br[ni%2 raphe buri$ 9 a deep1 broad groove2 *alaza small1 ne>ly c5tral1 oval to pe>-%ap$4 ,mu/ #hj4 ,,l\isiana4 7,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,husmann1 #ahff3aaj4 #b4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #c3cja4 #ahfh4 #c4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3bb1 #db1 #ajj1 #bdd1 #cbf4 #ahfi4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aah4 #e4 ,husmann1 #ahie3ahc4 #f4 ,texas ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,feb4 #h1 #ahif3aj1 #aa4 #g4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3df4 #aija4 ,amoreaux 7#f74 ,burgund] 7#a74 ,clev5]8 7#f74 ,r$ ,elb5 7#f74 ,rul&] 7#f74 ,/4 ,g5evieve 7#f74 7,n4 ,b4 ,ref]5ce numb] #f is to a r$ grape4 ,l\isiana is black47 ,! grape "h discuss$ is ( cultural value 9 ! ,s\? & is ( int]e/ f ! /&po9t ( grape-bre$+ &1 hi/orically1 to nor!rn grape-gr[]s4 ,l\isiana fir/ came to notice 9 ,miss\ri4 ,x 0 receiv$ ab\t #ahfj or be=e by ,fr$]ick ,mu5* ( ,m>?asville1 ,w>r5 ,c\nty1 ,miss\ri1 f a ,mr4 ,!>d ( ,new ,orleans1 ,l\isiana1 "u ! "n ,:ite & ,r$ ,burgundy4 ,bo? suppos$ v>ieties prov$ to be alike4 ,!>d in=m$ ,mu5* t ! v>ieties _h be5 import$ f ,france ab\t ! fir/ ( ! c5tury by 8 7,!>d's7 fa!r4 ,!re has be5 mu* diff]5ce ( op9ion z to :e!r ?is imput$ orig9 is correct or n4 ,munson classes x ) ! ,dev]eaux section ( ! ,b\rqu9iana4 ,x is und\bt$ly closely relat$ to ,h]bemont1 ,l5oir1 & o!rs ( t class4 ,! v>iety has be5 mu* confus$ ) ,rul&] & "s are ( ! op9ion t ! two v>ieties are id5tical4 ,^? :o cultivat$ x e>lie/ & mo/ ext5sively 71 h[ev]1 ( ! op9ion t !y 7 v simil> b di/9ct4 ,! v9e is too t5d] 9 ! ,nor? = cultivation & !re are compla9ts f "s sections 9 ! ,s\? ( ! fruit rott+ badly4 ,! foll[+ description is tak5 f v>i\s s\rces3 ,v9e v vigor\s1 /ocky1 %ort-jo9t$2 leaves cordate1 n lob$4 ,clu/] m$ium to small1 %\ld]$1 compact4 ,b]ry small1 r\nd1 black ) blue bloom1 )\t pulp1 juicy1 spicy1 sweet4 ,,lucile4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ah3cie4 #ahii4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fj3afg4 #aija4 #c4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3df4 #aija4 #d4 ,budd-,hans51 #b3chd4 #aijb4 ,lucile is ( int]e/ & ( value because ( its truly rem>kable v9e *>act]s4 ,9 vigor1 heal?1 h>d9ess & productiv5ess x is n surpass$ by any ( ! cultivat$ native grapes4 ,x is probably a se$l+ ( ,wyom+ b ! v9e is mu* m vigor\s ?an ev5 t v>iety1 :i* is consid]$ a v /rong gr[]4 ,yet ) all ( its great gr[? ,lucile rip5s its wood almo/ p]fectly4 ,x is v productive1 z mu* s z any o!r ( our native grapes1 (t5 be>+ f\r bun*es to ! %oot1 its crops exce$+ ^? ( ,concord4 ,x has nev] be5 kn[n to w9t]kill 9 ! grape regions ( ,new ,york & is probably z h>dy z any o!r ( our ,labruscas4 ,its fruit & foliage are v ne>ly immune to ! fungal diseases ( ! grape4 ,un=tunately ! fruit *>act]s ( ,lucile are n z desirable z ! v9e *>act]s4 ,! size1 =m1 & color ( bun*es & b]ries are all good1 mak+ a v attractive fruit1 b x has an obnoxi\s1 foxy ta/e & odor objectionable to ^? :o "k good grapes ?\gh ev5 9 flavor x is bett] ?an its suppos$ p>5t & is on a p> ) "s ( ! o!r v>ieties ( its season4 ,a fur!r objection to ! b]ries is t !y are bo? pulpy & se$y4 ,x is e>li] ?an ,concord1 com+ ab\t ) ,word5 or prec$+ x a few days4 ,= s e>ly a v>iety ! fruit keeps v well & 9 spite ( its some:at ?9 sk9 %ips v well4 ,x is n at all caprici\s z to soils1 seem+ly ?riv+ 9 all good grape soils4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lucile ,lucile may be recomm5d$ :]e an extra h>dy grape is desir$1 = localities :]e ! season is %ort1 & z a v>iety = bre$+ purposes1 %\ld x prove capable ( transmitt+ its v9e *>act]s1 & = ^? :o d n object to fox9ess ( ta/e & aroma 9 grapes4 ,j4 ,a4 ,putnam ( ,fr$onia1 ,*autauqua ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 is ! produc] ( ,lucile4 ,! v9e fruit$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahij1 x be+ !n two ye>s old1 & 0 introduc$ by ,lewis ,roes* ( ,fr$onia 9 #ahii4 ,x is suppos$ to be a se$l+ ( ,wyom+ :i* x resembles v mu* 9 bo? fruit & v9e *>act]s & surpasses 9 bo?4 ,x is a typical r$ ,labrusca 9 all ( its *>act]s4 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 v productive1 yield+ z good or bett] crops ?an ,concord4 ,canes m$ium to long1 r num]\s1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 light br[n2 nodes /rongly enl>g$1 usually flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to %ort2 diaphragm mod]ately ?ick2 pi? ab\t m$ium 9 size2 %oots slightly pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 ( av]age l5g?1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds bel[ m$ium to small1 %ort1 mod]ately ?ick1 po9t$ to conical1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves heavily t+$ on l[] side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) bright c>m9e4 ,leaves heal?y1 m$ium to l>ge1 ( av]age ?ickness1 firm2 upp] surface light gre51 glossy1 mod]ately smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre5 or ) t+e ( bronze1 pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 leaf usually n lob$1 ) t]m9us acute2 petiol> s9us %all[1 n>r[ to m$ium1 sometimes clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us usually abs5t2 lat]al s9us a m]e not* :5 pres5t2 tee? v %all[1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s e>li] ?an ,concord or 9 "s seasons ab\t ) ,word51 keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 above av]age l5g?1 sl5d]1 cyl9drical to tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 v compact2 p$uncle int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 l>ge2 p$icel %ort1 ?ick1 cov]$ ) few1 small1 inconspicu\s w>ts2 bru% light br[n4 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 r\ndi% to some:at oval :5 /rongly compact$1 d>k r$1 dull] ?an ,wyom+1 cov]$ ) ?9 lilac bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 m$ium to ?91 some:at t5d]1 conta9s a small am\nt ( light r$ pigm5t & "s a/r+5cy4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 r t\gh1 sometimes /r+y1 foxy1 sweet next ! sk9 to slightly t>t at c5t]1 fair to good 9 quality1 n equal to ,concord b sup]ior to ,wyom+4 ,se$s sep>ate ) difficulty f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age ?ree1 small1 broad1 %ort to m$ium1 blunt1 d>k br[n2 raphe obscure2 *alaza int]m$iate 9 size1 slightly above c5t]1 oval1 di/9ct4 ,,lutie4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bf3cjg4 #ahhd4 #b4 ,ib41 #bg3cjd4 #ahhe4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3he4 #d4 ,ib41 #ahhi3abj1 #acf4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ac3fje4 #ahid4 #f4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aej4 #g4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3aib4 #ahif4 #h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecb1 #ede1 #edg1 #eee4 #ahih4 #i4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agb4 #ahii4 #aj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahii3bi4 #aa4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bcf4 #aijb4 ,z ) ! prec$+ v>iety1 ,lutie is *iefly valuable = its v9e *>act]s4 ,x is vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 & fruitful1 ?\gh sc>cely equal+ ,lucile 9 any ( ^! *>act]s4 ,pomologi/s diff] widely z to ! m]its ( ! fruit1 "s claim+ high qualities = x & o!rs decl>+ t x is no bett] ?an ! av]age wild ,labrusca4 ,! diff]5ce 9 op9ion is p>tly due to a peculi>ity ( ! fruit4 ,if eat5 fre% f ! v9es1 ! quality1 :ile f> f be+ ( ! be/1 is n :olly bad1 b aft] be+ pick$ = sev]al days x develops s mu* fox9ess ( flavor & aroma t x is sc>cely edible4 ,z ,lutie gr[s on ! ,/ation gr\nds its fruit has little m]it1 ?\gh some:at attractive 9 appe>ance1 & ! v>iety c be recomm5d$ only = vigor1 h>d9ess1 resi/ance to disease & fruitfulness4 ,x is giv5 ! prom95ce ( an illu/ration 9 ,! ,grapes ( ,new ,york out ( respect = ! op9ions ( o!rs r ?an = its m]its z x gr[s "h4 ,x makes a bett] %[+ 9 o!r grape regions4 ,lutie is a *ance se$l+ f\nd on ! gr\nds ( ,dr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,*i%olm ( ,spr+ ,hill1 ne> ,na%ville1 ,davidson ,c\nty1 ,t5nessee4 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 #ahhe by ,messrs4 ,coleman1 ,webb] & ,newson ( ,na%ville4 ,lutie 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahii :]e x has s9ce be5 reta9$4 ,its gross *>act]s are mu* ! same z ^? ( ,dracut ,amb]1 ,lucile1 ,wyom+1 & ,woodruff1 all typical r$ ,labruscas & wor?y ( cultivation only :]e bett]-flavor$ v>ieties _c be gr[n4 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 productive4 ,canes %ort1 ( av]age numb]1 sl5d]1 d>k r$di%-br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 r\ndi%2 int]nodes %ort2 diaphragm ?92 pi? incl9$ to small2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 %ort to m$ium1 bifid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lutie ,leaf-buds small1 %ort to m$ium1 sl5d]1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves t+$ on l[] side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) bright c>m9e4 ,leaves m$ium to small1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface d>k gre51 (t5 rugose2 l[] surface bronze to :iti%-gre51 pubesc5t2 ve9s some:at di/9ct2 leaf usually n lob$1 ) t]m9us acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us mod]ately deep1 m$ium to sometimes wide2 basal s9us lack+2 lat]al s9us r %all[ & n>r[ :5 pres5t2 tee? %all[1 n>r[4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 some:at e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s e>li] ?an ,concord1 "s seasons ab\t ) ,word51 does n keep nor %ip well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 %ort & broad1 blunt at end1 cyl9drical to sometimes conical1 usually n %\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 r ?ick2 p$icel %ort1 ( av]age ?ickness1 cov]$ ) small1 scatt]+1 inconspicu\s w>ts2 bru% sl5d]1 ( av]age l5g?1 pale gre54 ,b]ries l>ge to bel[ m$ium1 r\ndi%1 light to d>k r$1 dull1 cov]$ ) ?91 :iti% or lilac bloom1 drop badly f p$icel1 ne>ly firm4 ,sk9 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness some:at t5d]1 adh]es to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 mod]ately juicy1 some:at t\gh1 /rongly foxy1 sweet next ! sk9 to slightly t>t at c5t]1 fair to possibly good 9 quality4 ,se$s adh]e to ! pulp unless ! fruit is fully ripe1 "o to f\r1 av]age two1 usually above m$ium size1 broad1 (t5 r %ort & blunt1 d>k br[n2 raphe buri$ 9 a small1 r indi/9ct groove2 *alaza l>ge1 at c5t] or slightly above1 irregul>ly circul>1 r di/9ct4 ,mc,p,i,k,e4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ee3fbb1 fig41 #fbg4 #ahif4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahig3ac4 #c4 ,nat4 ,nurs41 #g3aai4 #ahii4 #d4 ,ib41 #h3ic4 #aijj4 #e4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fj3agj1 #bbf1 #bij1 #fad1 #gaj4 #aija4 ,mc,pike is notewor?y *iefly because ( ! l>ge size ( ! b]ries1 ?\gh ! bun*es1 too1 av]age l>ge4 ,! accompany+ illu/ration %[s ! size ( ! b]ry accurately b ! bun*1 z %[n "h1 is too small4#aih ,mc,pike 9 v9e & fruit *>act]s is v simil> to its p>5t1 ,word51 diff]+ 9 hav+ few] b l>g] b]ries p] bun*1 grapes n z high 9 flavor1 & few] & small] se$s4 ,because ( a ?91 t5d] sk9 ! b]ries crack some:at1 %ell m or less1 & ! v9es are less productive ?an ^? ( ,word54 ,! faults j nam$ seem to deb> x pretty effectually f becom+ a comm]cial grape 9 ,new ,york & x is n high en\gh 9 quality & is lack+ 9 too _m o!r fruit *>act]s to make x ( value = ! amateur4 ,x %\ld be said1 h[ev]1 t ! v>iety has n be5 l>gely te/$ 9 ,new ,york & fur!r exp]i5ce ) x is ne$$ to fully det]m9e its value 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,?is v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,h4 ,g4 ,mc,pike ( ,m\nt ,look\t ,p>k1 ,alton1 ,ill9ois1 f se$ ( ,word5 plant$ 9 #ahij4 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 #ahig by ,silas ,wilson ( ,atlantic1 ,i[a4 ,mc,pike is a typical black desc5dant ( ,concord1 be>+ a /rong resemblance 9 its gross *>act]s to ,eaton1 ,hos=d1 ,*autauqua1 ,k+1 & its p>5t1 ,word54 ,v9e vigor\s to m$ium1 h>dy1 productive to v productive4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 numb] & ?ickness1 dull d>k r$di%-br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes v %ort2 diaphragm ?ick to m$ium2 pi? l>ge2 %oots ?9ly pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 ( av]age l5g?1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds ab\t av]age size1 %ort1 ?ick to m$ium1 obtuse to conical1 compress$4 ,leaves l>ge1 ?ick2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 m$ium to slightly rugose2 l[] surface grayi%-:ite to bronze1 heavily pubesc5t2 ve9s fairly di/9ct2 leaf n lob$1 ) t]m9us acute to obtuse2 petiol> s9us deep to m$ium1 r wide2 basal & lat]al s9uses lack+2 tee? int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?4 ,fl[]s f]tile or ne>ly s4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord or e>li]1 appe>s to keep well4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 m$ium to %ort1 r broad1 irregul>ly tap]+ ) slight t5d5cy to cyl9drical1 (t5 blunt at ends1 usually n %\ld]$1 two to ?ree bun*es p] %oot1 ( av]age compactness2 p$uncle m$ium to above 9 l5g?1 ?ick2 p$icel long to m$ium1 ?ick1 q brittle1 ne>ly smoo?2 bru% long1 sl5d]1 gre5i% ) br[n t+e4 ,b]ries unusually l>ge1 r\ndi%1 purpli%-black to black1 cov]$ ) blue bloom1 firm4 ,sk9 ( m$ium ?ickness1 v>iable 9 t\ghness1 sometimes cracks1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( purpli%-r$ pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 v juicy1 r t5d]1 /r+y1 v9\s1 ne>ly sweet at sk9 to r acid at c5t]1 fair to good 9 quality4 ,se$s mod]ately adh]5t to ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age two1 m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 %ort1 broad1 blunt1 r plump1 light br[n2 raphe buri$ 9 a wide1 %all[ groove2 *alaza r l>ge1 at c5t] or slightly above1 some:at obscure4 ,,magnate4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahia3acj4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahib3bgj4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aea4 #d4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3ada4 #ahih4 #e4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3df4 #aija4 ,illu/ration3 ,mc,p,i,k,e ,magnate is a gre5 se$l+ ( ,concord &1 l sev]al o!rs ( ,concord's light-color$ (fspr+1 z ,lady & ,m>?a1 x is bett] 9 quality ?an ! p>5t ?\gh ! fle% *>act]s are n z good4 ,x does n comp>e favorably ) ! be/ gre5 grapes ( its season1 ei!r 9 appe>ance or quality & is n recomm5d$ = ,new ,york4 ,! v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ei!r ,john ,burr1 or ,dr4 ,/ayman ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 f se$ ( ,concord4 ,x 0 introduc$ by ,/ayman ,black 9 #ahia b has n be5 widely gr[n4 ,x is bett] kn[n 9 ! ,we/ ?an 9 ! ,ea/4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 h>dy except 9 sev]e w9t]s1 m$ium to productive4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 numb] & size2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves n always heal?y1 l>ge to m$ium1 v>iable 9 color2 l[] surface grayi%-:ite1 pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s ne>ly f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season or e>li]2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 sometimes r broad1 occasionally ) a m$ium-siz$ s+le %\ld]1 usually compact & ) _m abortive fruits4 ,b]ries v>iable 9 size1 r\ndi%1 pale gre5 ) trace ( yell[1 cov]$ ) a m$ium am\nt ( gray bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 slightly t\gh1 v9\s1 some:at musky1 ne>ly sweet at sk9 to acid at c5t]1 fair to good 9 quality4 ,se$s bel[ m$ium to small1 %ort1 broad1 plump4 ,,manito4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 ,b\rqu9iana1 ,l9cecumii1 ,rupe/ris47 #a4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bgi4 #aijj4 #b4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3df4 #aija4 #c4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fj3fad4 #aija4 #d4 ,ib41 #fb3gij4 #aijc4 #e4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijd3cje4 #f4 ,c4 ,c54 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt41 #aije3ajg4 ,manito is "o ( ,munson's grapes recomm5d$ = bo? ! ,nor? & ! ,s\?4 ,x is rem>kable 9 hav+ = its imm$iate ance/ors five species1 ,l9cecumii1 ,rupe/ris1 ,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 & ,b\rqu9iana4 ,z ,manito gr[s at ?is ,/ation1 its v9e *>act]s are all good & ! fruit is passably s4 ,accord+ to ! orig9ator1 ! v>iety endures extremes ( climate v well & has /ood ! cold ( ! ,new ,york w9t] & ! heat ( summ] )\t any p]ceptible injury4 ,! fruit is n suffici5tly h&some nor ( high en\gh quality to recomm5d ! v>iety highly = ?is ,/ate1 b x keeps well1 %ips well1 is said to make good w9e1 & is wor?y a trial 9 exp]im5tal v9ey>ds at lea/4 ,a po9t ( m]it is e>l9ess1 z x rip5s j be=e ,moore ,e>ly4 ,! v>iety 0 produc$ f se$ ( ,am]ica poll9at$ by ,brilliant4 ,! se$ ( ,manito 0 plant$ 9 #ahie & ! v>iety 0 introduc$ by ! orig9ator 9 #ahii4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 h>dy1 m$ium to productive4 ,canes long1 r num]\s & ?ick1 d>k r$di%-br[n1 surface cov]$ ) blue bloom1 nodes enl>g$1 (t5 flatt5$2 int]nodes int]m$iate 9 l5g?2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? l>ge to m$ium2 %oots ?9ly pubesc5t2 t5drils m$ium to above 9 l5g?1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds l>ge1 ( av]age l5g?1 ?icki%1 conical to obtuse1 op5 v late4 ,"y leaves t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves m$ium to bel[1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface d>k gre51 glossy1 smoo? to m$ium2 l[] surface dull] ?an upp] surface1 ?9ly pubesc5t2 ve9s mod]ately di/9ct2 lobes usually ?ree 9 numb]1 ) t]m9al lobe v>iable2 petiol> s9us m$ium to deep1 incl9$ to n>r[2 basal s9us usually lack+2 lat]al s9us %all[1 n>r[1 (t5 a m]e not*2 tee? ( av]age dep?1 wide4 ,fl[]s semi-f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season or lat]2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,moore ,e>ly1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to bel[ m$ium1 (t5 q long1 sl5d] to m$ium1 cyl9drical1 sometimes ) enl>g$ end1 usually n %\ld]$1 loose2 p$uncle int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 sl5d]2 p$icel %ort1 sl5d]1 ne>ly smoo?2 bru% light gre5 ) fa9t r$di% t+e4 ,b]ries int]m$iate 9 size1 r\ndi% to slightly oval1 dull purpli%-black1 cov]$ ) a m$ium am\nt ( blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 mod]ately firm4 ,sk9 ?91 t5d]1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( w9e-color$ pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 ) slight p9k t+e1 transluc5t1 mod]ately juicy1 t5d] & almo/ melt+1 n v aromatic1 sweet next ! sk9 to agreeably t>t at c5t]1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age two1 surface (t5 r\gh & w>ty1 int]m$iate 9 size1 l5g? & bread?1 d>ki% br[n2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( fair size1 oval to r pe>-%ap$1 (t5 indi/9ct4 ,,m>ie ,,l\ise4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3fcd4 #b4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aea4 #c4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ae3bie4 #ahif4 #d4 ,ib41 #ag3ecb1 #edh1 #eee4 #ahih4 #e4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3ada4 #ahih4 #f4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3df4 #aija4 ,! p>5tage ( ,m>ie ,l\ise is unkn[n b x seems to be a typical gre5 se$l+ ( ,concord &1 z te/$ at ?is ,/ation1 is ( no especial m]it4 ,x is surpass$ by ,diamond1 ,lady1 ,m>?a1 & ne>ly a score ( o!r gre5 grapes4 ,! v9e *>act]s "h are n satisfactory4 ,x is only mod]ately productive & = "s ye>s has be5 affect$ ) *lorosis4 ,illu/ration3 ,,manito ,m>ie ,l\ise 0 orig9at$ by ,!ophile ,hub] ( ,ill9ois ,city1 ,ill9ois1 ab\t #ahhj4 ,besides ! *>act]s ( ! v>iety1 ! "w ( ! orig9ator w\ld indicate t x is a ,concord se$l+4 ,!re are no records ( its ev] hav+ be5 widely dissem9at$4 ,v9e int]m$iate 9 vigor1 n h>dy nor productive4 ,canes %ort1 n num]\s1 d>k br[n2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid4 ,leaves small to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness & smoo?ness2 l[] surface t+$ ) bronze1 heavily pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s ne>ly f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,word51 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s small to m$ium1 %ort1 sl5d]1 cyl9drical1 usually ) a small s+le %\ld]1 r loose4 ,b]ries small to m$ium1 r\ndi% to oval1 pale gre5 ) t+e ( yell[1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 %att] badly1 n v firm4 ,sk9 ?91 ( m$ium t\ghness4 ,fle% pale gre51 t5d]1 sprightly1 some:at v9\s1 sweet at sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 n num]\s1 small1 %ort & broad1 plump4 7,i7 ,,m>ion4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,horticulturi/1 #ac3ac4 #aheh4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bf3ajj4 #ahfj4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfj3hc4 #d4 ,full]1 #ahfg3bdd4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3abj4 #f4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ad3hi4 #ahij4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aj3dig4 #ahia4 #h4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bee4 #ahic4 #i4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecb1 #ede1 #edf1 #edh1 #eee1 #eei4 #ahih4 ,black ,g]man 7#b74 ,,m>ion ,,port 7#b1 #d74 ,m>ion is an old v>iety ( unkn[n p>5tage b s closely resembl+ ,cl9ton 9 bo? botanical & horticultural *>act]s z to be cle>ly ( ! type ( t v>iety4 ,9 _m grape regions x is held t ?is v>iety surpasses ,cl9ton z bo? a table & a w9e grape4 ,! gr[? ( ,m>ion is vigor\s1 ! v9e is h>dy b h>dly suffici5tly productive1 & is susceptible to mildew & to leaf-hopp]s4 ,! fruit is pleasantly sweet & spicy ?\gh n ( high en\gh quality = a table grape1 b mak+1 accord+ to ! foll[+1 f a ,fr5* au?ority1 a v good d>k r$ w9e4#aii ,) reg>d to int5se color+1 )\t any foxy ta/e1 no?+ equals ! w9e made ( ! ,m>ion grape2 "o-tw5tie? "p is suffici5t to give to wat] ev5 a sup]ior w9e color2 ! some:at violet %ade is easily trans=m$ into a lively r$ by add+ "s acid w9e or a v small quantity ( t>t>ic acid4 ,! fruit colors e>ly 9 ! season b rip5s v late1 hang+ well on ! v9es & improv+ ) a light t\* ( fro/4 ,m>ion is n mu* gr[n 9 ,new ,york z a w9e grape1 ?\gh x might prove ( value because ( its color+ prop]ties = ! mak+ ( "s w9es4 ,?is v>iety 0 br\ght to notice by a ,mr4 ,%eph]d ( ,m>ion1 ,ohio1 ov] fifty ye>s ago4 ,x 0 fir/ kn[n z ,black ,g]man b ?is "n 0 *ang$ to ,m>ion ,port4 ,at ab\t ! same "t1 ,ni*olas ,longwor? receiv$ a v>iety resembl+ ! ,isabella f ,m>ion1 ,ohio1 probably also f ,%eph]d1 :i* he dissem9at$ "u ! "n ,m>ion4 ,ow+ to ! simil>ity ( ! names1 ! two v>ieties became badly confus$4 ,! true ,m>ion1 :i* _m believ$ to be id5tical ) ,york ,madeira1 0 soon dropp$ f cultivation & ! ,m>ion ,port assum$ ! "n ( ,m>ion4 ,%eph]d did n "k :]e ! ,m>ion ,port _h orig9at$ b /at$ t x _h come orig9ally f ,p5nsylvania4 ,x is q possible t x is "s old v>iety re9troduc$ "u ?is "n4 ,! species ( ! v>iety is usually giv5 z ,rip>ia b z ! t5drils are (t5 cont9u\s1 !re is evid5tly an admixture ( ,labrusca blood4 ,v9e vigor\s1 usually h>dy1 m$ium to productive1 susceptible to injury f leaf-hopp]s4 ,canes v long1 int]m$iate 9 numb] & ?ickness1 d>k r$di%-br[n1 surface cov]$ ) blue bloom2 nodes slightly enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes v long to m$ium2 diaphragm ?92 pi? ( av]age size2 %oots glabr\s1 y\ng] %oots t+$ ) r$di%-purple2 t5drils cont9u\s1 sometimes int]mitt5t1 long1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds ne>ly m$ium 9 size & ?ickness1 %ort1 conical1 (t5 /rongly compress$1 op5 e>ly2 "y leaves t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) c>m9e4 ,leaves unusually l>ge1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface d>k gre51 glossy2 l[] surface pale gre51 some:at cobwebby to ne>ly smoo?2 ve9s well def9$2 leaf n lob$ ) t]m9us acum9ate2 petiol> s9us v deep1 n>r[1 (t5 clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal & lat]al s9uses lack+2 tee? %all[1 r wide4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 v e>ly2 /am5s reflex$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>ion ,fruit rip5s 9 mid-season1 keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to bel[1 %ort & sl5d]1 cyl9drical to tap]+1 s+le-%\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle %ort1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 p$icel %ort1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) few1 inconspicu\s w>ts2 bru% v %ort1 w9e-color$4 ,b]ries m$ium to small1 r\ndi%1 black1 slightly glossy1 cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 m$ium to ?91 r t\gh1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s mu* d>k w9e-color$ pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% d>k gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 t\gh1 sprightly1 spicy1 agreeably t>t b free f a/r+5cy1 no m ?an fair 9 quality4 ,se$s adh]e some:at to ! pulp1 "o to five1 av]age f\r1 above m$ium 9 size1 broad1 %ort1 usually n not*$1 v plump1 br[ni%2 raphe buri$ 9 a n>r[1 %all[ groove2 *alaza small1 ne>ly c5tral1 oval1 obscure4 7,,ii7 ,,m>ion4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahef3dcc4 #b4 ,d[n+1 #aheg3cda4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfj3hc4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bf3ajj4 #ahfj4 #e4 787 ,g>4 ,mon41 #c3eb4 #ahfa4 #f4 ,full]1 #ahfg3bdd4 #g4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ec3gic4 #ahid4 ,,g]man ,,grape 7#g74 ,?is v>iety mu* resembles ,isabella & 0 said by "s to be id5tical ) x4 ,x is probably ! same z ,york ,mad]ia4 ,d[n+#bjj discusses x z foll[s3 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,s5t to ,mr4 ,longwor? f ,m>ion1 ,ohio1 & by him dissem9at$4 ,x mu* resembles ! ,isabella 9 %ape & size ( b]ry & =m ( bun*1 b m uni=m 9 its rip5+ & m delicate 9 flavor1 rip5+ ab\t ! same "t4 ,gr[? heal?y1 mak+ firm & %ort-jo9t$ wood1 ) /rong1 r$ t5drils2 a good be>]4 ,bun*es l>ge1 regul>1 seldom %\ld]$4 ,b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 incl9+ to oval1 d>k purple ) a bloom1 juice abundant1 pulp ?91 n suffici5tly te/$ = w9e1 a promis+ v>iety4 ,,m>?a4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #cj3bf4 #ahfd4 #b4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfe3aif4 #c4 ,full]1 #ahfg3bbg4 #d4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #cd3bcf4 #ahfh4 #e4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3aj1 #ad1 #ae1 #db1 #abi1 fig41 #acj4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfi3db4 #g4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aai4 fig4 #h4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ad3hi4 #ahij4 #i4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfe4 #ahic4 #aj4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3dj1 #db1 #dd1 #df4 #ahii4 #aa4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ah3cif4 #ahii4 ,mill] ,no4 #a 7#b1 #e74 ,m>?a 0 at "o "t ! mo/ popul> ( ! gre5 grapes b ! introduction ( _m o!r gre5 v>ieties ( sup]ior fruit & v9e *>act]s has gradually r$uc$ its popul>ity until x is n[ b little gr[n4 ,x is a se$l+ ( ,concord & resembles its p>5t greatly1 diff]+ f x *iefly 9 ! foll[+ p>ticul>s3 ,fruit gre51 a week or m e>li]1 bun* & b]ries small]1 quality f> bett]1 be+ sweet]1 m delicate1 & ) less fox9ess & less pulp4 ,ab\t ! only diff]5ce 9 ! v9es is a light] %ade ( gre5 9 ,m>?a & less robu/ness1 ) blossoms op5+ a few days e>li] ?an ,concord4 ,m>?a is (t5 sold 9 ! m>kets z ,niag>a1 ?\gh ! resemblance betwe5 ! two is n /rong1 ! ,niag>a be+ l>g] 9 bun* & b]ry & n z high 9 quality4 ,"o ( ! defects ( ,m>?a1 & ! *ief cause ( its go+ out ( favor1 is t x does n keep nor %ip well4 ,a v good :ite w9e is made f ,m>?a4 ,! v>iety is /ill be+ plant$ 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,s\?1 b is g5]ally ab&on$ 9 ! ,nor?4 ,samuel ,mill]1 !n ( ,calmdale1 ,lebanon ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 grew ,m>?a f se$ ( ,concord s5t him by ,e4 ,w4 ,bull4 ,! v>iety 0 introduc$ ab\t #ahfh by ,j4 ,knox ( ,pittsburg1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog li/ 9 #ahfi & dropp$ f t li/ 9 #ahii4 ,v9e v>iable 9 vigor1 h>dy1 int]m$iate 9 productiv5ess1 some:at susceptible to attacks ( mildew 9 unfavorable seasons4 ,canes m$ium to long1 ( av]age numb] & size1 r d>k r$di%-br[n1 surface cov]$ ) ?9 bloom1 slightly r\gh5$2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t1 bifid4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 r ?ick2 upp] surface light gre51 int]m$iate 9 smoo?ness2 l[] surface light bronze1 heavily pubesc5t2 ve9s well def9$4 ,fl[]s self-f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s some:at e>li] ?an ,concord1 does n keep nor %ip well4 ,clu/]s m$ium 9 size1 (t5 bel[ av]age l5g?1 int]m$iate 9 wid?1 tap]+ to cyl9drical1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 incl9$ to be loose4 ,b]ries m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%1 light gre5 ) t+e ( yell[1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 m$ium 9 firmness4 ,sk9 ?91 v t5d]1 does n usually crack1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 ) sc>cely any a/r+5cy4 ,fle% pale yell[i%-gre51 juicy1 mod]ately t\gh1 f9e-gra9$1 slightly foxy1 sweet at sk9 to some:at t>t at c5t]1 mild1 good to v good 9 quality b n z good z ,lady4 ,se$s few 9 numb]1 r adh]5t1 int]m$iate 9 size & l5g?1 broad1 r blunt1 d>k br[n2 raphe obscure2 *alaza small1 slightly above c5t]1 oval1 frequ5tly %[s z a m]e depression4 ,mu/ #he-ij4 ,illu/ration3 ,,massasoit ,,massasoit4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfb3adh1 #aeb4 #b4 ,horticulturi/1 #ah3ii4 #ahfc4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfg3dd4 #d4 ,horticulturi/1 #bd3abf4 #ahfi4 #e4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3ahj1 #cbf4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,ind4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #cc3cd4 #ahij4 #g4 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3bad1 #bee1 #dij4 #ahij4 #h4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3afd4 #ahia4 #i4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aj3dig4 #ahia4 #aj4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aed4 #aa4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecc1 #edh1 #eee4 #ahih4 ,,rog]s' ,,no4 #c 7#a1 #b1 #c74 ,rog]s' ,no4 #c 7#d1 #e1 #f1 #aj74 ,massasoit is di/+ui%$ z be+ ! e>lie/ ( ,rog]s' hybrids ?\gh x is n1 z "s viticulturi/s say1 z e>ly z ,h>t=d1 rip5+ r ) ,delaw>e or a little lat]4 ,x has ! peculi>ity or defect ( be+ at its be/ be=e full maturity1 & ( develop+ aft] rip5+ a degree ( fox9ess :i* impairs its quality4 ,9 %ape & size ( b]ry1 & sometimes 9 bun*1 !re is a /rik+ resemblance to ,isabella1 ano!r sugge/ion ( ,v9if]a 9 ! latt] sort1 b ! color is t ( ,catawba4 ,! texture ( ! fruit is especially good1 firm b t5d] & juicy1 :ile ! flavor1 z ) all ( ,rog]s' grapes1 is ri* & sweet1 ?\gh 9 ! case ( ,massasoit1 h>dly z good z o!rs ( ^! hybrids4 ,! v9e is vigor\s1 h>dy & productive b v subject to mildew & rot4 ,massasoit is well wor? a place 9 ! home v9ey>d1 & z an e>ly grape1 ( f9e quality = ! local m>ket4 ,= an acc\nt ( ! e>ly hi/ory & p>5tage ( ,massasoit ! read] is ref]r$ to ,rog]s' ,hybrids4 ,! v>iety attract$ consid]able att5tion ev5 :ile x 0 kn[n only z ,rog]s' ,no4 #c & 0 plac$ on ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society's li/ ( recomm5d$ sorts z e>ly z #ahfg4 ,9 #ahfi x 0 nam$ by ,rog]s aft] ,massasoit1 ! ,indian *ief :o 0 s intimately connect$ ) ! e>ly hi/ory ( ,massa*usetts4 ,v9e vigor\s to v vigor\s1 h>dy 9 all b unusually cold w9t]s1 (t5 v productive1 v subject to rot & mildew4 ,canes long1 int]m$iate 9 numb]1 ?ick1 incl9$ to d>k br[n ) slight r$di% t+e2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes long to m$ium2 diaphragm ( av]age ?ickness2 pi? l>ge2 %oots ?9ly pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 long1 trifid to bifid4 ,leaf-buds l>ge to m$ium1 long1 unusually ?ick1 obtuse to conical1 heavily coat$ ) br[ni% pubesc5ce4 ,"y leaves t+$ on upp] & "u sides ) rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves v>iable 9 size1 m$ium to ?91 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 smoo? to m$ium2 l[] surface pale gre51 slightly pubesc5t2 ve9s well def9$2 lobes ?ree to sometimes obscurely five ) t]m9us acute2 petiol> s9us deep1 n>r[ to m$ium2 basal s9us %all[1 n>r[1 (t5 obscure2 tee? v %all[1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 mod]ately late2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,delaw>e1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 ( m$ium l5g?1 (t5 r broad1 cyl9drical to tap]+1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 v>iable 9 compactness2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 ?ick2 p$icel ( av]age l5g?1 sl5d] to m$ium1 cov]$ ) few1 indi/9ct w>ts1 enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% ( fair l5g?1 pale gre54 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 r\ndi% to oval1 d>k br[ni%-r$1 dull1 cov]$ ) lilac bloom1 v p]si/5t1 mod]ately firm4 ,sk9 ?91 t5d]1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 some:at s(t1 /r+y1 foxy1 sweet next ! sk9 b acid at c5t]1 good to v good 9 quality1 some:at resembl+ ,salem4 ,se$s slightly adh]5t1 "o to five1 av]age ?ree1 l>ge to m$ium1 some:at broad1 di/9ctly not*$1 above m$ium 9 l5g?1 plump1 blunt2 raphe buri$ 9 a deep1 broad groove2 *alaza small1 slightly above c5t]1 circul> to ne>ly oval1 (t5 %[+ only z a depression4 ,,maxatawney4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,horticulturi/1 #ae3acd1 #aia1 #ech4 #ahfj4 #b4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #c3cda4 #ahfa4 col4 pl4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfb3ace1 #aeb4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfb3ij4 #e4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3aj1 #db1 #ada1 #adi1 #bif1 #cfh4 #ahfi4 #f4 ,ib41 #b3gf1 #he1 fig41 #hf1 #big4 #ahgj4 #g4 ,bu% ,cat41 #ahhc3abj1 #aba4 fig4 #h4 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aj3aa4 #ahij4 #i4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fcj4 #ahib4 #aj4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3ahd4 #ahif4 #aa4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecc1 #edh1 #eef4 #ahih4 ,at "o "t v popul>1 grape-gr[]s n[ seldom he> ( ,maxatawney4 ,at be/ x is n a nor!rn grape1 rip5+ its fruit 9 ,new ,york only occasionally1 & is mu* subject to fungal diseases4 ,x is an int]e/+ v>iety hi/orically z be+ "o ( ! fir/ good gre5 grapes & z %[+ almo/ unmi/akable ,v9if]a *>act]s1 probably ano!r example ( ! =tuit\s hybridization :i* gave u s _m valuable v>ieties be=e artificial hybridization ( ,v9if]a ) native grapes _h be5 tri$4 ,9 #ahdc1 a man liv+ 9 ,eagleville1 ,montgom]y ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 receiv$ sev]al bun*es ( grapes f a fri5d 9 ,maxatawney1 ,b]ks ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,! se$s ( ^! grapes 7 plant$ & ! foll[+ spr+ "o se$ grew4 ,?is 0 ! orig9al v9e ( :at 0 lat] nam$ ,maxatawney4 ,x attract$ no m ?an local att5tion until ab\t #ahfj :51 ?r\gh ! ef=ts ( ,pet] ,crans ( ,philadelphia1 x receiv$ sev]al favorable notices 9 ! horticultural press & cutt+s 7 dissem9at$ = te/+4 ,! man :o _h orig9at$ ! v>iety1 = fe> ( be+ besieg$ by amateur grape cultivators1 nev] all[$ 8 "n to become kn[n4 ,maxatawney 0 plac$ on ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society li/ ( sorts recomm5d$ = cultivation 9 #ahfb1 b 0 dropp$ 9 #ahig4 ,f ! fir/ x has be5 recogniz$ t ,maxatawney %[s ,v9if]a blood4 ,"s h ev5 gone s f> z to say t x is a d]ivative1 9 "p1 f ,malaga4 ,x does n appe>1 h[ev]1 t su* precis5ess is ju/ifi$4 ,! v9e %[s ! cont9u\s t5drils & ! ?ick1 pubesc5t leaf ( ,labrusca4 ,9 ! lob+ ( ! leaves1 ! susceptibility to mildew1 ! oval b]ries1 ! v9\s flavor1 & ! appe>ance ( occasional se$s1 "o c detect ! *>act]s ( ,v9if]a4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess4 ,canes m$ium to above 9 l5g?1 ( av]age numb]1 sl5d] to m$ium2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge1 d>k gre51 ?ick2 l[] surface grayi%-:ite ) t+e ( bronze1 heavily pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s /]ile or ne>ly s1 "s blossoms imp]fectly self-f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s aft] ,concord1 9 "s seasons fully z late z ,catawba1 keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s small to above m$ium1 (t5 %ort & sl5d]1 cyl9drical1 occasionally ) a small s+le %\ld]1 r op5 to fairly compact4 ,b]ries v>iable 9 size1 oval1 n uni=m 9 color1 pale r$ or dull gre5i% ) amb] t+e1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 m$ium 9 ?ickness1 (t5 v t\gh1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% slightly t5d]1 foxy1 sweet at sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s few1 sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 l>ge1 ( m$ium l5g?1 v broad1 blunt4 ,mu/ #gf4 ,,m]rimac4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfj3hf4 #b4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #f3bc1 #adj1 #bgf1 #bgg4 fig4 #ahfd4 #c4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfe3dj4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,ag4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfe3cci4 fig4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfg3dd4 #f4 ,full]1 #ahfg3bbi1 #bcj4 #g4 ,horticulturi/1 #bd3abf4 #ahfi4 #h4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #e3bfc4 #ahfi4 #i4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3aha1 #bci1 #cbg4 #ahfi4 #aj4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge3cig4 fig4 #aa4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aba4 #ab4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #g3acc4 #ahhe4 #ac4 ,ark4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ci3cb4 #ahif4 #ad4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3ahd4 #ahif4 #ae4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaej1 #aaei4 #ahih4 #af4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecc4 #eda1 #edd1 #edh1 #eef4 #ahih4 ,,rog]s' ,,no4 #ai 7#a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f74 ,rog]s' ,no4 #ai 7#g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ac74 ,m]rimac is accr$it$ by "s grape-gr[]s z ! be/ black grape among ,rog]s' hybrids1 b an analysis ( ! *>act]s ( ! sev]al black v>ieties produc$ by ,rog]s seems to %[ t x is surpass$ at lea/ by ,wild] & ,h]b]t & possibly by ,b>ry4 ,! attributes ( ,m]rimac are s ne>ly ^? giv5 = ! sev]al o!rs ( ^! grapes hi!rto describ$1 t !re ne$ be no g5]al discussion ( x "h o!r ?an to /ate its *ief po9ts ( diff]5ce4 ,x is /rong] 9 gr[?1 slightly m productive1 possibly h>di]1 & m exempt f fungal diseases ?an ! av]age ( ,rog]s' hybrids4 ,its season is ab\t t ( ,concord1 a little e>li] ?an t ( mo/ ( its k9dr$ hybrids4 ,x is n z high 9 quality1 & its fle%1 sk9 & se$ *>act]s are su* t x is n z pleasant to eat z ! black v>ieties nam$ above4 ,m]rimac is wor?y a place 9 collections & 9 ! g>d5s = ! sake ( v>iety4 ,= a full acc\nt ( ! p>5tage & details ( ! orig9 ( ! v>iety see ,rog]s' ,hybrids4 ,m]rimac 0 fir/ kn[n z ,no4 #ai1 & 0 consid]$ by ^? to :om ,rog]s s5t 8 grapes ( peculi> excell5ce1 & 0 grant$ a premium by ! ,essex ,agricultural ,society 9 #ahei4 ,9 #ahfg1 ,m]rimac1 ) five o!rs ( ,rog]s' numb]$ v>ieties1 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog1 :]e x is /ill reta9$4 ,9 #ahfi1 ,rog]s gave ?is v>iety ! "n ,m]rimac aft] ! hi/oric ,new ,engl& riv]4 ,v9e vigor\s1 usually h>dy b subject to injury 9 sev]e seasons1 mod]ately productive to productive4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g? & numb]1 m$ium to sl5d]1 d>k br[n1 surface slightly r\gh5$2 nodes some:at enl>g$1 usually flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to %ort2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? ( av]age ?ickness2 %oots ne>ly glabr\s2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 %ort1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds int]m$iate 9 size1 %ort to m$ium1 ?ick1 obtuse to conical1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves t+$ on l[] side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 ?92 upp] surface v light gre51 glossy1 ne>ly smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 slightly pubesc5t & cobwebby2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes usually ?ree ) t]m9al lobe obtuse2 petiol> s9us m$ium to deep1 n>r[1 sometimes clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us usually lack+2 lat]al s9us %all[1 n>r[2 tee? %all[ to m$ium1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s reflex$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m]rimac ,fruit rip5s ) or lat] ?an ,concord1 %ips & keeps well4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 (t5 broad1 tap]+ to cyl9drical1 v>iable 9 compactness2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 ( av]age ?ickness2 p$icel int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) num]\s1 small1 inconspicu\s w>ts2 bru% w9e-color$4 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 r\ndi%1 black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ?ick1 t\gh1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s a small am\nt ( w9e-color$ pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% light gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 mod]ately f9e-gra9$1 m$ium t5d]1 /r+y1 ) little or no aroma1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s r adh]5t1 "o to five1 av]age f\r1 some:at l>ge & broad1 long to m$ium1 frequ5tly ) enl>g$ neck1 br[ni%2 raphe sometimes %[s z a n>r[ cord2 *alaza ( av]age size1 pla9ly above c5t]1 di/9ct4 ,,mills4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,horticulturi/1 #cj3ic4 #ahge4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #dg3add1 #adf4 fig4 #ahhh4 #c4 ,c4 ,hort41 #aa3ajb1 #ajc4 fig4 #ahhh4 #d4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhh-i3ajg4 #e4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ad3hi4 #ahij4 #f4 ,ib41 #bh3afj4 #ahia4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ab3fba4 #ahic4 #h4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ec3f4 #ahid4 #i4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aee4 #aj4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ed3gae1 #ggi1 #gie4 #ahie4 #aa4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahig3ai4 #ab4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecc1 #edh1 #eef1 #eei4 #ahih4 #ac4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agc4 #ahii4 #ad4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3df1 #ea4 #aija4 ,probably none ( ! commonly cultivat$ grapes v>ies m "u diff]5t cultural conditions ?an ,mills4 ,x is *iefly f ?is fact t viticulturi/s are s div]se 9 _! op9ions ( x1 "s claim+ t x is among our be/ grapes & o!rs pron\nc+ x almo/ wor?less4 ,mills gr[n 9 ! v9ey>ds ( ?is ,/ation is "o ( ! half doz5 be/ out ( #bgj v>ieties 9 its fruit *>act]s4 ,! bun*es & b]ries are l>ge & well-=m$1 ! b]ries be+ a h&some black ) blui% bloom & adh]+ s firmly to ! /em t ! fruit may be left until ,april )\t %ell+4 ,! b]ries are firm & solid1 ) ! sk9 adh]5t to ! pulp almo/ z 9 ! ,v9if]as1 & ) ! same texture ( fle% z 9 ,black ,hamburg4 ,! fle%1 despite ! solidity1 is juicy & p>ts readily f ! se$s4 ,its flavor is ri*1 sweet1 v9\s1 ) a trace ( musk9ess4 ,! grapes are h>dly surpass$ 9 keep+ quality & seldom if ev] crack or %att]4 ,! season is a little e>li] ?an ,concord4 ,b :5 we h describ$ its fruit *>act]s1 practically all t c be is said 9 its favor4 ,! v9es are ( only m$ium vigor1 are n h>dy1 are fruitful only "u ! mo/ favorable conditions1 & are v subject to mildew4 ,9 ,new ,york nei!r wood nor roots rip5 well 9 ! av]age season & ! v>iety is a mo/ difficult "o = nurs]ym5 to h&le4 ,t x succe$s only on c]ta9 soils is kn[n b data are n at h& to det]m9e :at conditions ( soil suit x be/4 ,! soil on :i* ! v9es ( ?is ,/ation are gr[+ is a r heavy1 ri* clay & ,mills makes a v fair gr[? "h4 ,! v>iety is ( d\btful comm]cial value1 unless x be = a special m>ket1 b = ! g>d5 or ! amateur viticulturi/ x is und\bt$ly "o ( ! be/ if adapt$ to ! soil & location4 ,x is possible t ! comm]cial gr[] may be able to graft x to advantage on "s v>iety ) bett] v9e *>act]s4 ,william ,h4 ,mills ( ,hamilton1 ,ont>io1 produc$ ! ,mills grape ab\t #ahgj f se$ ( ,muscat ,hamburg f]tiliz$ by ,crevel+4 ,x 0 n introduc$ to ! public1 h[ev]1 until #ahhh1 :5 x 0 (f]$ = sale by ,ellwang] ,b>ry ( ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york4 ,mills 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahig b 0 dropp$ f ! li/ two ye>s lat]4 ,! v>iety has be5 widely te/$ b z yet has n become ( comm]cial importance 9 any ( ! grape regions ( ! c\ntry4 ,v9e m$ium to above 9 vigor1 n h>dy1 productive unless injur$ by ! w9t]1 some:at subject to mildew4 ,canes long1 ( m$ium size1 r ?ick1 light br[n2 nodes slightly enl>g$ & flatt5$1 int]nodes m$ium to l>ge2 diaphragm r ?ick2 pi? q l>ge2 %oots slightly pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 ( av]age l5g?1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds small to m$ium1 %ort1 some:at sl5d]1 conical to po9t$1 op5 v late4 ,"y leaves t+$ ) c>m9e slightly on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side1 :i* is heavily coat$ ) :iti% pubesc5ce4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 dull1 m$ium to rugose2 l[] surface pale gre51 cobwebby2 lobes ?ree to five ) t]m9us acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?2 basal & lat]al s9uses q deep & wide2 tee? deep1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s ne>ly f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s some:at lat] ?an ,concord1 an unusually good %ipp] & keep]4 ,clu/]s l>ge to m$ium1 long1 sl5d] to m$ium1 cyl9drical to slightly tap]+1 (t5 s+le-%\ld]$ b sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle %ort1 ?ick2 p$icel int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 m$ium to sl5d]1 cov]$ ) num]\s1 small w>ts1 mu* enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% mod]ately long1 w9e-color$4 ,b]ries l>ge1 oval to r\ndi%1 v d>k r$ to jet-black :5 fully ripe1 cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 v p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ?ick & some:at t\gh1 /rongly adh]5t to ! pulp1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% light gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 n t\gh b meaty1 ) a ri*1 sprightly flavor1 v9\s1 sweet1 v good to be/4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to ?ree1 av]age two1 m$ium to l>ge1 v>iable 9 l5g? & bluntness1 br[ni%1 frequ5tly ) enl>g$ neck2 raphe obscure2 *alaza small1 above c5t]1 irregul>ly oval to pe>-%ap$1 di/9ct4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mills ,,miss\ri ,,riesl+4#bja 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3cc1 #adi4 #b4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3gf4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ajc1 #acb4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahhi3bd4 #e4 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3bij1 #eii4 #ahij4 #f4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ad3hi4 #ahij4 #g4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfe4 #ahic4 #h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ac3fje4 #ahid4 #i4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3e1 #aef4 #aj4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecc1 #edh1 #eef1 #ahih4 #aa4 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3hf4 #aijj4 ,,riesl+ 7#c74 ,gre9's ,no4 #a 7#c1 #i74 ,un=tunately ! ,s\!rn ,rip>ia se$l+s1 ,miss\ri ,riesl+1 ,elvira1 ,noah1 ,gre9 ,gold51 & o!rs1 d n atta9 p]fection 9 ,new ,york4 ,! v9es are suffici5tly h>dy1 vigor\s1 productive1 & heal?y1 z a rule1 b ! fruit is lack+ 9 quality & n acceptable = table use nor :olly desirable 9 w9e-mak+4 ,x is only 9 ! long seasons & "u ! sunny skies ( ! ,s\? t ! v>ieties ( ?is gr\p ( ,rip>ias are well gr[n4 ,z "o ( ^! grapes1 ,miss\ri ,riesl+ is n adapt$ to ,new ,york2 z x gr[s "h x is n ( high quality & does n mature4 ,! v>iety is illu/rat$ & describ$ n because ( intr9sic value 9 ?is region b z ( int]e/ z repres5t+ a some:at di/9ct & important gr\p ( native grapes4 ,x is a beautiful fruit :5 well gr[n & has _m good qualities z a w9e grape1 & %\ld x prove adapt$ to "s favor$ nook or corn] ( ! ,/ate1 its culture w\ld probably prove pr(itable4 ,miss\ri ,riesl+ 0 orig9at$ by ,ni*olas ,gre9 ab\t #ahgj1 probably f se$ ( ,taylor4 ,gre9 plant$ se$s ( ! ,european ,riesl+ & ( ,taylor at ! same "t & he always suppos$ t none ( ! ,taylor se$s grew & t ! ,miss\ri ,riesl+ 0 a se$l+ ( ! ,riesl+ ( ,g]many4 ,s9ce ! ,miss\ri ,riesl+ is evid5tly ( ,rip>ia-,labrusca l9eage & %[s no ,v9if]a :atev]1 x is to be presum$ t ,gre9's labels 7 confus$4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahhi & is /ill reta9$ !re4 ,v9e v>iable 9 vigor1 usually h>dy1 m$ium to productive4 ,canes v long1 num]\s1 ?ick1 d>k br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 n flatt5$2 int]nodes long2 diaphragm bel[ av]age ?ickness2 pi? m$ium to above 9 size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 long1 trifid to bifid4 ,leaf-buds m$ium 9 size1 %ort1 ?ick1 obtuse to conical1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves slightly t+$ on "u side only ) fa9t br[ni%-c>m9e4 ,leaves l>ge1 ?ick to m$ium2 upp] surface d>k gre51 glossy1 ne>ly smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes usually five ) t]m9al lobe acum9ate2 petiol> s9us deep1 n>r[ to m$ium2 basal s9us %all[ & wide2 lat]al s9us deep1 above av]age wid?2 tee? deep to m$ium1 wide4 ,fl[]s f]tile to semi-f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit usually rip5s lat] ?an ,concord & a little be=e ,catawba1 does n keep nor %ip well4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 m$ium to %ort1 ( av]age wid?1 sometimes cyl9drical1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 v>iable 9 compactness2 p$uncle m$ium to long1 sl5d]2 p$icel above av]age l5g?1 cov]$ ) few small w>ts2 bru% gre5 ) t+e ( yell[4 ,b]ries int]m$iate 9 size1 r\ndi% to oval1 pale or yell[i%-gre5 *ang+ to light r$ or ) t+e ( p9k :5 fully ripe1 n glossy1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 spr9kl$ ) small br[n dots1 ?91 t\gh1 adh]es to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 mod]ately juicy1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 lack+ some:at 9 aroma1 sweet at sk9 to agreeably t>t at c5t]1 mild1 ( fair quality4 ,se$s adh]5t1 "o to f\r1 av]age two1 ) surface some:at r\gh5$1 int]m$iate 9 size & bread?1 m$ium to long1 n blunt1 d>k br[n2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( fair size1 above c5t]1 ovate1 v di/9ct4 ,,monroe4 7,labrusca1 ,b\rqu9iana87 #a4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bb3agf4 #ahhj4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3dj1 #dc4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3abb4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3cbg4 #ahij4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aef4 #f4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3ace4 #ahih4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecc1 #edf1 #edg1 #eeb4 #ahih4 #h4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agc4 #ahii4 ,x is n[ ab\t ?irty ye>s s9ce ,monroe 0 (f]$ to ! grape-gr[]s ( ?is ,/ate1 & z a ,new ,york se$l+1 yet x c n[ sc>cely be f\nd "u cultivation4 ,x has fail$ because x is lack+ 9 quality & because its v9e *>act]s are n suffici5tly good to attract ei!r ! comm]cial or ! amateur grape-gr[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,miss\ri ,,riesl+ ,?is v>iety 0 rais$ by ,ellwang] ,b>ry ( ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 f mix$ se$ ( ,delaw>e1 ,diana1 ,concord1 & ,rebecca1 & 0 fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahfg4 ,patrick ,b>ry at "o "t /at$ t x 0 a cross ( ,delaw>e & ,concord4 ,?is1 :ile evid5tly a surmise1 appe>s q probable4 ,x 0 te/$ by ! orig9ators = _m ye>s & 0 f9ally introduc$ 9 #ahhj b 0 dropp$ "s ye>s ago f ! li/ ( recomm5d$ sorts 9 ,ellwang] ,b>ry's catalog4 ,v9e vigor\s to m$ium1 h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess1 some:at susceptible to attacks ( mildew & rot4 ,canes m$ium to long1 (t5 num]\s1 m$ium to sl5d]1 cov]$ ) consid]able blue bloom2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid4 ,leaves int]m$iate 9 size & color2 l[] surface pale gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s soon aft] ,h>t=d1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s above m$ium to m$ium 9 size & l5g?1 (t5 broad & cyl9drical1 r blunt at ends1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 ! %\ld] be+ atta*$ to ! bun* by a long /em1 ne>ly compact1 sometimes ) a numb] ( abortive fruits4 ,b]ries m$ium to above 9 size1 r\ndi%1 black or purpli%-black1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 ?ick1 t\gh1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( purpli%-r$ pigm5t1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre5 ) a t+e ( yell[1 r transp>5t1 t5d] & almo/ melt+1 ne>ly sweet1 lacks "*1 no m ?an fair 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 size1 & wid?4 ,,montefiore4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3dd4 #b4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3dd1 #ahb4 #c4 ,ib41 #ahhd3baf4 #d4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ad3hi4 #ahij4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fcj4 #ahib4 #f4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bef4 #ahic4 #g4 ,col4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bi3ai4 #ahid4 #h4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aef4 fig4 #i4 ,husmann1 #ahie3cf4 #aj4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecc1 #edh1 #eef4 #ahih4 ,rommel's ,taylor ,se$l+ ,no4 #ad 7#h74 ,taylor's ,se$l+ ,no4 #ad 7#a74 ,montefiore1 nam$ 9 honor ( ! ,jewi% philan?ropi/1 ,moses ,montefiore1 is "o ( ,rommel's se$l+s ( ,taylor4 ,! v>iety has be5 l>gely gr[n 9 ,miss\ri & ! ,s\?we/ z a cl>et w9e grape b is almo/ unkn[n 9 ,new ,york & ! ,ea/4 ,montefiore is report$ z succe$+ 9 ! ,lake ,di/rict ( ,ohio &1 ) ! exception t x is some:at unc]ta9 9 be>+ & n always productive on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation1 x has gr[n well 9 ?is section ( ,new ,york4 ,:ile ,montefiore is ess5tially a w9e grape1 yet x is pleas+ 9 ta/e & texture ( fruit & is f> bett] 9 quality ?an _m ( ! co>s] ,labruscas s commonly cultivat$4 ,x keeps & %ips well & pres5ts an attractive appe>ance z a table grape4 ,7 x n t ! v>iety has be5 "u cultivation = ?irty ye>s or m & !re=e probably te/$ & disc>d$ 9 ,new ,york1 we %\ld recomm5d x = ext5sive trial1 especially z a r$ w9e grape4 ,jacob ,rommel#bjb ( ,morrison1 ,miss\ri1 produc$ ?is v>iety f se$ ( ,taylor said to h be5 f]tiliz$ ) ,ives4 ,x 0 exhibit$ by ,rommel at ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society meet+ 9 #ahgi1 :]e x attract$ ! att5tion ( ,isadore ,bu%1 ( ,bu% ,son ,meissn]1 :o nam$ x ,montefiore & introduc$ x ! foll[+ ye>4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 h>dy1 an unc]ta9 be>]4 ,canes long1 ( av]age numb]1 ?ick1 d>k br[n ) slight r$di% t+e1 surface cov]$ ) ?9 blue bloom2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes long to m$ium2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? m$ium to above 9 size2 %oots ?9ly pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 long1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds ( av]age size1 %ort1 ?ick1 conical to obtuse1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) light br[ni%-c>m9e4 ,leaves int]m$iate 9 size1 ?ick to m$ium2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 smoo? to m$ium2 l[] surface grayi%-:ite1 pubesc5t2 ve9s well def9$2 lobes ?ree :5 pres5t ) t]m9us acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us ( av]age dep?1 m$ium to wide2 basal s9us lack+2 lat]al s9us v %all[ & n>r[ :5 pres5t2 tee? deep to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 wid?4 ,fl[]s self-/]ile to imp]fectly self-f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord or lat]1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 r %ort1 ( av]age wid?1 tap]+ to cyl9drical1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 ! %\ld] be+ connect$ to ! bun* by a long /em1 compact2 p$uncle m$ium to %ort1 int]m$iate 9 size2 p$icel %ort1 sl5d]1 ne>ly smoo?2 bru% ( fair l5g?1 t+$ ) r$4 ,b]ries m$ium to small1 oval to r\ndi%1 (t5 compress$1 black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 m$ium to ?91 t\gh1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 ) w9e-color$ pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% m$ium gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d] & melt+1 v9\s1 sweet to agreeably t>t1 fair to good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to five1 av]age ?ree1 small1 broad1 fa9tly not*$1 %ort1 plump1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza int]m$iate 9 size1 slightly above c5t] to c5tral1 oval to ne>ly circul>1 some:at obscure4 ,mu/ #ij4 ,illu/ration3 ,,montefiore ,illu/ration3 ,,moore ,,e>ly ,,moore ,,e>ly4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahga3dc4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahgb3id4 #c4 ,ib41 #ahgc3aja4 #d4 ,ib41 ,pt4 #b3ha1 #hb1 #aji4 #ahgg4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3cb1 #dj1 #da4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahha3bd4 #g4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhf3bbe4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ig4 #i4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3cbg4 #ahij4 #aj4 ,c4 ,hort41 #ae3ie4 #ahib4 col4 pl4 #aa4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic3afa4 #ab4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aeh4 fig4 #ac4 ,col4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bi3ai4 #ahid4 #ad4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3ahd1 #aie4 #ahif4 #ae4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ae3dcj1 #dca1 #dcb1 #dcc4 #ahif4 #af4 ,vt4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #fb3da4 #ahih4 #ag4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecc1 #eda1 #edc1 #edd1 #ede1 #edg1 #eeb4 #ahih4 #ah4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agc4 #ahii4 #ai4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ff3agc4 #aijg4 ,moore ,e>ly is ! /&>d grape ( its season 9 ,new ,york4 ,x _c be bett] describ$ ?an z an e>ly ,concord4 ,x comes 9 season f two to ?ree weeks e>li] ?an ,concord & ! la/ fruits ( x are s5t to m>ket be=e ^? ( ! lat] grape are pick$4 ,! v9es are readily recognizable f ^? ( ,concord1 diff]+ *iefly 9 be+ less productive & m prec>i\s be>]s4 ,to gr[ ! v>iety satisfactorily ! soil mu/ be ri*1 well dra9$ & loose1 mu/ be frequ5tly cultivat$ & ! v9es %\ld be c>efully prun$ & c>$ = 9 e way4 ,! bun*es ( ,moore ,e>ly are n z l>ge z ^? ( ,concord & are m incl9$ to loos5ess1 & ! b]ries sometimes %ell r badly4 ,! b]ries are l>g] &1 z ) ,concord1 crack "u unfavorable conditions4 ,! fle% *>act]s & ! flavor are ess5tially ^? ( ,concord1 ?\gh ! quality1 repres5t+ all ( ! *>act]s :i* make a fruit pleasant to ! palate1 is n z high z 9 ! old] v>iety2 x is h[ev] mu* high] ?an t ( ,*ampion & ,h>t=d1 its *ief competitors 9 ?is ,/ate & v>ieties :i* x %\ld replace4 ,moore ,e>ly is by no means an ideal grape = its season b until some?+ bett] is introduc$ x w probably rema9 ! be/ e>ly comm]cial grape = ,new ,york4 ,capta9 ,john ,b4 ,moore ( ,concord1 ,massa*usetts1 is said to h orig9at$ ?is v>iety f se$ ( ,concord4 ,9 #ahga x 0 exhibit$ be=e ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society ) fifty o!r se$l+s ( ! same p>5tage4 ,x 0 aw>d$ a fir/ class c]tificate ( m]it by ?is ,society 9 #ahgg1 & 0 introduc$ by ! orig9ator ! same ye>4 ,9 #ahha ,moore ,e>ly 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog :]e x /ill rema9s4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 h>dy1 n a heavy yield]4 ,canes m$ium to %ort1 ( av]age numb]1 m$ium to bel[ 9 ?ickness1 r d>k r$di%-br[n1 surface slightly r\gh5$2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort to m$ium2 diaphragm ?9ni%2 pi? int]m$iate 9 size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 ( fair l5g?1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds small & sl5d]1 %ort1 po9t$ to conical1 op5 m$ium e>ly4 ,"y leaves t+$ on l[] side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 ?ick2 upp] surface m$ium d>k gre51 dull1 ( av]age smoo?ness2 l[] surface t+$ ) bronze1 heavily pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 leaf usually n lob$1 ) t]m9us acute2 petiol> s9us ( av]age dep?1 wide to m$ium2 basal s9us lack+2 lat]al s9us a not* :5 pres5t2 tee? %all[1 n>r[ to m$ium4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s f two to ?ree weeks e>li] ?an ,concord1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s int]m$iate 9 size1 l5g?1 & bread?1 irregul>ly cyl9drical to tap]+1 sometimes s+le-%\ld]$1 incl9$ to loos5ess2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 ?ick2 p$icel %ort1 ?ick1 ne>ly smoo?2 bru% %ort1 pale gre54 ,b]ries l>ge to above m$ium1 r\ndi%1 d>k purpli%-black to black1 cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 n v p]si/5t1 ne>ly firm4 ,sk9 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 t5d]1 adh]5t to ! pulp1 conta9s d>k purpli%-r$ pigm5t1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$ & t\gh1 ) slight fox9ess1 sweet next ! sk9 b some:at acid at c5t]1 fair to good 9 quality4 ,se$s adh]5t1 "o to f\r1 av]age two & ?ree1 l>ge1 (t5 irregul> 9 %ape1 broad & plump1 blunt1 br[n ) yell[ t+e at tips2 raphe buri$ 9 a small & indi/9ct groove2 *alaza ( av]age size1 obscure1 (t5 %[+ z a fa9t1 irregul> depression4 ,,moy]4 7,labrusca1 ,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,columbus ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3bah4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahhg3bah4 #c4 ,c4 ,hort41 #aa3bfe4 #ahhh4 col4 pl4 #d4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ce3agf4 #ahij4 #e4 ,ib41 #cf3db4 #ahia4 #f4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfa4 #ahic4 #g4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aei4 #h4 ,c4 ,hort41 #bb3chf4 #ahii4 fig4 #i4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3dj1 #db4 #ahii4 #aj4 ,ont4 ,fr4 ,exp4 ,/as4 ,rpt41 #f3bj4 #ahii4 fig4 #aa4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahii3bi4 ,,jordan 7#b74 ,jordan 7#e1 #g74 ,,moy]',s ,,e>ly ,,r$ 7#a74 ,illu/ration3 ,,moy] ,moy] at its be/ is almo/ a c\nt]p>t ( its p>5t ,delaw>e4 ,x has all ( ! faults ( ,delaw>e & "s add$ ones4 ,7 x n = ! fact t ! v>iety is f "o to two weeks e>li] ?an its p>5t1 & some:at h>di]1 h5ce bett] adapt$ = cold] regions1 x c\ld n h receiv$ ! recognition giv5 x by viticulturi/s4 ,z comp>$ ) ,delaw>e1 x is h>dly z vigor\s & is less productive4 ,x is reput$ to be m free f rot & mildew1 ! latt] especially4 ,! bun*es are mu* l ^? ( ,delaw>e b ) ! fault ( sett+ fruit imp]fectly (t5times ev5 :5 cross-poll9ation is insur$4 ,! b]ries are a little l>g] b ( mu* ! same color & ( l flavor1 ri*1 sweet1 & ) pure v9\sness )\t a trace ( fox9ess b )al n ( s high quality z ,delaw>e4 ,! fruit keeps well1 %ips well1 & does n crack nor %ell 9 ,new ,york4 ,moy] is well e/abli%$ 9 ,canada1 :]e x orig9at$1 & is highly ?\ght (1 prov+ p]fectly h>dy :]ev] ! ,concord is gr[n & possibly /&+ ev5 m cold4 ,its place is z an e>ly ,delaw>e = nor!rn regions4 ,w4 ,h4 ,read ( ,port ,dalh\sie1 ,l9coln ,c\nty1 ,ont>io1 rais$ ! orig9al v9e ( ,moy] ab\t #ahhj1 f se$ ( ,delaw>e f]tiliz$ by ,mill]'s ,burgundy4 ,x 0 nam$ aft] ,allan ,moy] ( ,/4 ,ca?>9es1 ,ont>io1 :o introduc$ ! v>iety 9 #ahhh4 ,moy] 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahii4 ,v9e vigor\s to m$ium1 h>dy1 heal?y1 n productive4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 num]\s1 m$ium to sl5d]1 r dull d>k r$di%-br[n2 nodes slightly enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort to m$ium2 diaphragm ?92 pi? m$ium to bel[ 9 size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 m$ium to r long1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds ( ab\t av]age size & ?ickness1 %ort1 conical to r obtuse1 op5 v late4 ,"y leaves t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves small to m$ium1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface d>k gre51 dull & smoo?2 l[] surface v pale gre5 or ) fa9t blue t+e1 heavily pubesc5t2 lobes two to five ) t]m9us acute2 petiol> s9us %all[ to m$ium1 n n>r[2 basal s9us usually lack+1 b %all[ :5 pres5t2 lat]al s9us %all[1 n>r[2 tee? v %all[1 m$ium to n>r[4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 e>ly2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s f "o to two weeks e>li] ?an ,delaw>e1 keeps well b loses its color if kept too long4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 %ort & sl5d]1 irregul>ly tap]+1 sometimes s+le-%\ld]$1 m$ium 9 compactness2 p$uncle int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 some:at sl5d]2 p$icel incl9$ to %ort1 ( av]age ?ickness1 cov]$ ) v small w>ts2 bru% yell[i%-gre54 ,b]ries m$ium to small1 oblate1 d>k r$ cov]$ ) d>k lilac to fa9t blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 r firm4 ,sk9 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 n t5d]1 does n adh]e to ! pulp1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% light gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 r t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 some:at v9\s1 good to v good4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age two or ?ree1 int]m$iate 9 size1 broad1 %ort1 v blunt1 br[n ) yell[ t+e at tips2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( fair size1 slightly above c5t]1 irregul>ly circul>1 obscure4 ,,muscat ,,hamburg4 7,v9if]a47 #a4 ,g>4 ,*ron41 #aheg3fde4 #b4 ,horticulturi/1 #ac3afg4 #aheh4 #c4 ,ib41 #ad3ie4 #ahei4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfb3ib4 #e4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #i3bhe4 #ahfg4 ,z "o ( ! p>5ts ( a numb] ( valuable hybrids cultivat$ 9 ,am]ican v9ey>ds1 ,muscat ,hamburg is illu/rat$ & describ$ 9 ,! ,grapes ( ,new ,york4 ,x is describ$ bel[ 9 detail t grape-bre$]s may detect any ( its *>act]s transmitt$ to its (fspr+4 ,! grapes & v9es describ$ "h 7 gr[n "u glass1 z ! v>iety _c be gr[n out ( doors 9 ea/]n ,am]ica4 ,muscat ,hamburg is a =c+ grape only & is app>5tly unkn[n 9 ! grape-gr[+ di/ricts ( ,europe4 ,x is said to gr[ bett] graft$ on ,black ,hamburg ?an on its own roots4 ,sew>d ,sn[ ( ,wre/ ,p>k1 ,b$=d%ire1 ,engl&1 orig9at$ ,muscat ,hamburg m ?an a half c5tury ago f se$ ( ,black ,hamburg f]tiliz$ by ,:ite ,muscat ( ,alex&ria4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog = #ahfb z an exotic recomm5d$ = gr[+ "u glass4 ,v9e v vigor\s1 t5d]1 productive4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 sl5d] to m$ium1 light br[n1 slightly d>k] at nodes :i* are enl>g$ & some:at flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort to m$ium2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? ne>ly l>ge2 %oots glabr\s2 t5drils incl9$ to dehisce e>ly1 int]mitt5t or frequ5tly ) only "o t5dril pres5t ) vacancy on ei!r side1 long1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds l>ge1 long to m$ium1 incl9$ to ?ick4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 some:at smoo?2 l[] surface slightly light] gre5 ?an upp] surface1 fa9tly pubesc5t1 d5sely hairy2 lobes usually five ) t]m9us acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us ( av]age dep?1 m$ium to n>r[1 r>ely clos$ or ov]lapp+2 basal s9us int]m$iate 9 dep?2 lat]al s9us deep2 tee? v irregul> 9 dep? & wid?1 "s tee? approa*+ a t5d5cy to lob+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,muscat ,,hamburg 7,r$uc$ ,size7 ,fruit rip5s ! latt] "p ( ,octob] "u glass1 keeps unusually well4 ,clu/]s v l>ge to m$ium1 long1 broad1 tap]+1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$ b sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 r loose2 p$uncle int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 m$ium to r ?ick2 p$icel ( av]age l5g? & ?ickness1 v mu* enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit4 ,b]ries l>ge to bel[ m$ium1 oval1 d>k r$1 r dull1 cov]$ ) lilac bloom1 v p]si/5t1 ( av]age firmness4 ,sk9 m$ium to ?ick1 adh]es /rongly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 v juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 v9\s1 sweet1 v good to be/ 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age two1 l>ge to m$ium1 long & broad1 %>ply po9t$1 br[ni%2 raphe hidd5 9 a %all[1 broad groove2 *alaza int]m$iate 9 size1 decid$ly above c5t]1 pe>-%ap$1 di/9ct4 ,,naomi4 7,v9if]a1 ,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bb3agf4 #ahhj4 #b4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhb-c3df4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3abd4 fig4 #d4 ,c4 ,hort41 #aa3bhg4 #ahhh4 #e4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ad3ij4 #ahij4 #f4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaea1 #aafj4 #ahih4 ,naomi is "o ( ,ricketts' se$l+s &1 accord+ to ! orig9ator1 "o ( ! f9e/ ( all 8 score or m ( wor?y grapes4 ,b viticulturi/s h nev] agre$ ) ! produc] ( ,naomi 9 8 e/imate ( x & ! v>iety is n[ sc>cely kn[n4 ,s f> z ,new ,york is conc]n$1 ,naomi has be5 disc>d$ because x rip5s too late = ?is latitude & is v subject to mildew4 ,moreov]1 grapes ( its color are n z highly e/eem$ z r$ or black grapes & ! dem& = gre5 grapes does n su/a9 ! v>ieties we h ( ?is color4 ,?is v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts ( ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 f se$ ( ,cl9ton f]tiliz$ ) ,muscat ,hamburg4 ,x 0 fir/ exhibit$ be=e ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahgi4 ,x has n be5 widely dissem9at$4 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess4 ,canes v long to m$ium1 num]\s1 n uni=m 9 size1 m$ium d>k br[n deep5+ 9 color at ! nodes2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid4 ,leaves l>ge to bel[ m$ium1 ?91 frequ5tly incl9$ to be torn by heavy w9ds1 m$ium gre52 l[] surface pale gre51 slightly pubesc5t4 ,/am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s late4 ,clu/]s l>ge to above m$ium1 above av]age 9 l5g?1 broad to m$ium1 s+le-%\ld]$ to sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 compact4 ,b]ries int]m$iate 9 size1 r\ndi% to oval1 light gre51 occasionally ) r$di%-yell[ t+e1 glossy1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 mod]ately ?ick1 t\gh1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 juicy1 slightly t\gh & solid1 aromatic1 sweet at sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 good 9 quality :5 fully rip5$4 ,se$s m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 elongat$1 %>p-po9t$4 ,,nect>4 7,labrusca1 ,b\rqu9iana1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3ib4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahhe3ajh4 #c4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhh-i3ajg4 #d4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,adv4 ,rpt41 #ahij3bb4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3afj4 #f4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahid-e3ab4 #g4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #g3acd1 #acf4 #ahie4 #h4 ,husmann1 #ahie3id4 #i4 ,mass4 ,hat* ,/a4 ,bul41 #cg3aa1 #ad4 #ahif4 #aj4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecc1 #edh1 #eef1 #eei4 #ahih4 #aa4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahii3bi4 #ab4 ,miss4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3af4 #ahii4 #ac4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bdb4 #aijb4 #ad4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fa3fhe1 fig41 #fij4 #aijb4 ,,black ,,delaw>e 7#a1 #b1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #i74 ,!re are ei!r two v>ieties "u ! suppos$ly synonym\s names1 ,nect> & ,black ,delaw>e1 or else ?is v>iety v>ies greatly 9 diff]5t localities4 ,reports f diff]5t s\rces give ! vigor z f weak to vigor\s1 ! h>d9ess f h>dy to t5d]1 ! season f e>li] ?an ,moore ,e>ly to lat] ?an ,concord1 ! size ( b]ry f small to l>ge1 ! productiv5ess f unproductive to productive to a fault4 ,! ,nect> v9es at ?is ,/ation 7 secur$ f ,caywood1 ! orig9ator1 9 #ahhh1 & f ! ,t4 ,s4 ,hubb>d ,company1 9 #ahhc4 ,v9es f bo? s\rces are vigor\s1 small-leav$1 be>+ m$ium-siz$ black b]ries ( good b n high quality4 ,^! v9es are ne>ly wor?less on acc\nt ( _! susceptibility to mildew4 ,! resemblance to ,delaw>e is n app>5t4 ,we h receiv$ f ,massa*usetts1 "u ! "n ,black ,delaw>e1 & !re is describ$ 9 sev]al publications1 a grape :i* is /rik+ly l ,delaw>e except t ! color is black4 ,x is a grape ( high quality1 & ! v9e is describ$ z be+ resi/ant to mildew4 ,?is v>iety may be wor? some?+4 ,! ,nect> on ! ,/ation gr\nds is n4 ,possibly ,nect> & ,rommel's ,black ,delaw>e h be5 confus$4 ,! v>iety "h describ$ 0 orig9at$ by ,caywood4 ,x is said to be f se$ ( ,concord f]tiliz$ by ,delaw>e4 ,nect> fir/ became kn[n to ! public ab\t #ahhj "u ! "n ,black ,delaw>e1 :i* 0 aft]w>d *ang$ by ,caywood to ,nect>4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahii1 z a recomm5d$ v>iety4 ,illu/ration3 ,,nect> ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 usually produces light crops1 v susceptible to attacks ( mildew4 ,canes long1 ( av]age numb]1 ?ick1 surface r\gh5$1 d>k r$di%-br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes v>iable 9 l5g?1 ( m$ium ?ickness2 pi? int]m$iate 9 size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t to cont9u\s1 long1 trifid4 ,leaf-buds m$ium to above 9 size1 %ort & ?ick1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves fa9tly t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves small to m$ium1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 rugose1 (t5 heavily wr9kl$2 l[] surface dull :iti% or light gray1 /rongly pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes ?ree to five ) t]m9us obtuse to acute2 petiol> s9us m$ium 9 dep?1 wide2 basal s9us %all[ & op5 :5 pres5t2 lat]al s9us m$ium to deep1 (t5 wide2 tee? v %all[1 m$ium to n>r[4 ,fl[]s p>tly self-f]tile1 op5 mod]ately late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord1 does n keep long 9 good condition4 ,clu/]s int]m$iate 9 size1 l5g?1 & ?ickness1 irregul>ly cyl9drical to tap]+1 (t5 s+le-%\ld]$ b sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 m$ium to compact2 p$uncle v>iable 9 l5g?1 sl5d] to m$ium2 p$icel m$ium to %ort1 sl5d]1 smoo?2 bru% yell[i%-gre54 ,b]ries int]m$iate 9 size1 r\ndi%1 d>k purpli%-black1 dull1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 n v p]si/5t1 s(t4 ,sk9 ( av]age ?ickness1 m$ium to some:at ?91 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 ) w9e-color$ pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale yell[i%-gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 t\gh1 f9e-gra9$1 v9\s1 sweet next ! sk9 b q acid at ! c5t]1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s r adh]5t1 "o to f\r1 usually ?ree1 int]m$iate 9 size1 m$ium to long1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( av]age size1 mu* depress$1 /rongly above c5t]1 circul>1 obscure4 ,,niag>a4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgi3afa4 #b4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgi3aid1 #cbc4 fig4 #c4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhj3bdj1 #bed4 #d4 ,n4 ,j4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3i4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3df4 #f4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3abd4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahhe3bf4 #h4 ,m9n4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhf3acd1 #acf4 #i4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhi3cgj4 #aj4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #dh3ah1 #ai4 #ahhi4 figs4 #aa4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ad3ij4 #ahij4 #ab4 ,m9n4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahia3bbj4 #ac4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ej3ff1 #bcj4 #ahia4 #ad4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfe4 #ahic4 #ae4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3afa4 #af4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ae3dcj1 #dca1 #dcb1 #dcc4 #ahif4 #ag4 ,ib41 #ag3ecc1 #edg1 #eeb4 #ahih4 #ah4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3dj1 #dd1 #de4 #ahii4 #ai4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agc4 #ahii4 #bj4 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3gj1 #hg4 #aijj4 #ba4 ,n4 ,c4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ahg3fj4 #aijc4 #bb4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijc3cj4 ,niag>a is ! lead+ ,am]ican gre5 grape1 hold+ ! rank among grapes ( ?is color t ,concord does among ! black v>ieties4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a less valuable grape ?an ,concord1 & all 9 all1 x is d\btful if x %\ld be rank$ mu* if any high] ?an sev]al o!rs ( ! gre5 grapes ) :i* x mu/ compete4 ,mu* ( ! popul>ity ( ,niag>a is due to ! novel way 9 :i* ! v>iety 0 sold to ! public4 ,= _m ye>s aft] its orig91 ! entire /ock ( ?is grape 0 own$ by ! ,niag>a ,grape ,company1 :o reta9$ all ( ! propagat+ wood1 & 9 _m in/ances well gu>d$ int]e/s 9 ! v9ey>ds ( ?is v>iety4 ,! advantages ga9$ by ?is me?od ( di/ribution enabl$ ! promot]s ( ! v>iety to adv]tise x to an ext5t n equal$ 9 ! dissem9ation ( any o!r grape4 ,z is likely to be ! case ) new fruits1 ,niag>a 0 ov]prais$ by ! company sell+ x & = a "t by ! horticultural press & viticulturi/s z well4 ,:5 v9ey>ds ( ! v>iety came into be>+1 a reaction set 91 & ,niag>a lo/ 9 popul>ity2 _m :o _h plant$ x condemn$ x & (t5times unju/ly4 ,= ye>s ! reports = & aga9/ x 7 m or less color$ by p]sonalities & x has n be5 until a comp>atively rec5t day t a j e/imate ( ! v>iety c\ld be obta9$ f grape-gr[]s4 ,s9ce "o ( ! p>5ts ( ,niag>a is ,concord1 & s9ce ! two grapes are l>gely gr[n 9 ! same regions & = ! same g5]al m>kets1 & *iefly z table grapes1 we may be/ arrive at ! /atus ( ,niag>a by comp>+ x ) ,concord4 ,9 vigor & productiv5ess1 :]e ! two grapes are ^u equal foot+ z to adaptability1 ,niag>a & ,concord rank ! same4 ,9 ^! respects bo? are /&>ds sc>cely surpass$ among our cultivat$ native grapes4 ,9 h>d9ess ( root & v9e ,niag>a falls some:at %ort ( ,concord2 practically all grape-gr[]s :o h te/$ ! two v>ieties 9 cold climates agree z to ! great] h>d9ess ( ,concord4 ,9 "s ( ! grape regions ( ,new ,york ,niag>a is n gr[n pr(itably because ( its susceptibility to cold4 ,! v>iety _c be reli$ ^u )\t w9t] protection :]e ! !rmomet] falls mu* bel[ z]o4 ,l ,concord ! ,niag>a has mu* ( ! fox9ess ( ! wild ,labrusca1 di/a/eful to _m palates4 ,on ! o!r h& !re are _m ,am]icans :o really l ! foxy ta/e & aroma & c\nt x an asset 9 ^! v>ieties4 ,! fox9ess ( ,niag>a is mo/ m>k$ j aft] ! fruit is pick$1 & x is usually bett] flavor$ aft] hav+ /ood = a few days4 ,! flavor is n at its be/ unless ! grapes be fully ripe4 ,bo? bun*es & b]ries ( ,niag>a are l>g] ?an ^? ( ,concord & are bett] =m$1 mak+ a h&som] fruit if ! colors are lik$ equally well4 ,! sk9 ( ,niag>a does n crack z easily z t ( ,concord4 ,! fruit %ells z badly & does n keep mu*1 if any1 long]4 ,bo? v9es & fruits ( ,niag>a are m susceptible to fungal diseases ?an are ^? ( ,concord & especially to black-rot1 :i* proves a v]itable sc\rge ) ?is v>iety 9 unfavorable seasons & localities4 ,illu/ration3 ,,niag>a ,x is likely t ,niag>a w cont9ue = "s "t to be ! lead+ gre5 grape = ! m>ket4 ,z long z grape consum]s dem& a %[y grape to be _h at a l[ price1 & )\t mu* reg>d z to quality1 if ! grape be passably good1 ,niag>a w be popul>4 ,= ^? :o rank quality fir/1 ) appe>ance & reasonable co/ z second>y consid]ation1 !re are o!r gre5 grapes sup]ior4 ,niag>a 0 produc$ by ,c4 ,l4 ,hoag & ,b4 ,w4 ,cl>k ( ,lockport1 ,niag>a ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,! orig9ators /ate t ! v>iety 0 gr[n f se$ ( ,concord f]tiliz$ by ,cassady1 plant$ 9 #ahfh1 & t x fruit$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahgb4 ,x 0 introduc$ ab\t #ahhb by ! ,niag>a ,grape ,company4 ,9 #ahhe x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! fruit catalog ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society4 ,niag>a has atta9$ its greate/ popul>ity & is mo/ gr[n 9 ,new ,york & 9 ! ,nor?4 ,9 ! grape regions ( ! ,s\? & ,s\?we/1 x is too susceptible to fungi especially ! mildews & black-rot4 ,x is said t ! quality ( ! v>iety1 h[ev]1 is improv$ z gr[n to ! s\?w>d & t :]e comp>atively free f diseases1 or :5 !y are controll$ by spray+1 x becomes a pr(itable e>ly m>ket grape4 ,9 ,ohio1 ,niag>a is gr[n m or less = w9e4 ,?is v>iety is a typical :ite se$l+ ( ,concord %[+ little trace ( any o!r v>iety4 ,v9e vigor\s to m$ium1 less h>dy ?an ,concord1 productive to v productive1 some:at subject to mildew & black-rot 9 unfavorable locations4 ,canes m$ium to long1 ( av]age numb]1 ?ick1 d>k r$di%-br[n deep5+ 9 color at ! nodes :i* are /rongly enl>g$ & slightly flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to long1 ?ick2 pi? l>ge to m$ium2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 long1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds m$ium 9 size & ?ickness1 %ort1 slightly compress$1 conical to po9t$1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves lightly t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge1 ?ick2 upp] surface glossy1 m$ium d>k gre51 r smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes ?ree to five ) t]m9us acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?2 basal s9us %all[1 wide1 (t5 too!d2 lat]al s9us ( mean dep?1 wide1 frequ5tly too!d2 tee? %all[1 v>iable 9 wid?4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord1 keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to m$ium1 long to m$ium1 some:at broad1 tap]+ to (t5 cyl9drical1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 mod]ately compact2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 ?ick2 p$icel int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 ?ick1 cov]$ ) few1 small1 inconspicu\s w>ts2 bru% pale gre51 m$ium to long4 ,b]ries above m$ium to l>ge1 slightly oval1 light gre5 *ang+ to a pale yell[i%-gre5 t+e z ! rip5+ season advances1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ?91 t5d]1 adh]es some:at to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% light gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 mod]ately t5d]1 foxy1 sweet next ! sk9 to agreeably t>t at c5t]1 z good or bett] ?an ,concord 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate r easily f ! pulp1 "o to six1 av]age ?ree1 int]m$iate 9 size1 l5g? & bread?1 deeply not*$1 br[ni%2 raphe buri$ 9 a deep groove2 *alaza ( fair size1 above c5t]1 circul> to oval1 mod]ately di/9ct4 ,,noah4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bb3agf4 #ahhj4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahha3bd4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3eh4 #d4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3dj1 #ahe4 #e4 ,ib41 #ahhd3bag4 #f4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fca4 #ahib4 #g4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfe4 #ahic4 #h4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3afb4 fig4 #i4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3edh1 #eef1 #eei4 #ahih4 #aj4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaea1 #aafj4 #ahih4 #aa4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3dj1 #dc1 #dd1 #de4 #ahii4 #ab4 ,trait g54 de vit41 #e3aga4 #aijc4 ,= "s ye>s aft] its introduction 9 #ahgf1 ,noah 0 q popul> on acc\nt ( its vigor1 suppos$ heal?1 productiv5ess1 & ! high alcoholic cont5t ( its w9e4 ,x is n[1 h[ev]1 b little gr[n outside ( ,miss\ri :]e x is /ill us$ some:at 9 w9e-mak+4 ,9 ,france ,noah 0 l>gely gr[n = a "t bo? z a /ock = graft+ & z a direct produc] = ! mak+ ( w9e & br&y4 ,probably no o!r ,am]ican grape has caus$ m g5]al discussion1 or receiv$ m praise & m condemnation 9 ,france1 ) ! result t x is n[ b little gr[n4 ,! "n 0 giv5 ! v>iety on acc\nt ( ! alcoholic /r5g? ( its w9e1 ! orig9ator hold+ t ! lam5table accid5t :i* befell ! patri>* ,noah c\ld easily h happ5$ _h he p>tak5 ( ! w9e ( ?is grape4 ,illu/ration3 ,,noah ,noah is s l ,elvira t ! two are (t5 confus$4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 v m>k$ diff]5ces 9 ! v9e *>act]s2 & ! clu/]s ( ,elvira are small]1 ! b]ries m foxy 9 ta/e & ! sk9s m t5d] & crack mu* m ?an d ^? ( ,noah4 ,! l>ge1 d>k1 glossy gre5 leaves make ! v9es ( ?is v>iety v h&some & a v9ey>d ( !m is a pleas+ sight4 ,z ) ,elvira1 ,o!llo1 ,rommel1 & o!r v>ieties ( ?is gr\p ( grapes1 ,noah is ( little value 9 ,new ,york4 ,^! grapes are fit only = w9e b ! w9e-mak]s 9 ?is ,/ate seem n to h f\nd !m desirable = _! wants4 ,noah %att]s badly & does n keep nor %ip at all well1 & buy]s !re=e d n c>e = x4 ,noah 0 orig9at$ by ,otto ,wass]zieh] ( ,nauvoo1 ,ill9ois1 f se$ ( ,taylor plant$ 9 #ahfi1 & fruit$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahgc4 ,x 0 exhibit$ be=e ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahgi4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahha4 ,noah %[s1 l its p>5t1 *>act]s ( bo? ,rip>ia & ,labrusca4 ,! v9e *>act]s are m>k$ly ^? ( ,rip>ia &1 among o!rs ( ^!1 ! heal?9ess ( ! foliage is an asset ( ! v>iety2 ! ,labrusca %[s m pla9ly 9 ! fruit ( ,noah ?an 9 t ( ,taylor1 ! b]ries be+ l>g] & hav+ m ( ! fox9ess ?an ! la/ nam$ v>iety4 ,v9e m$ium to sometimes vigor\s1 n h>dy 9 sev]e w9t]s1 productive1 susceptible to attacks ( mildew4 ,canes long1 ( av]age numb]1 ?ick to m$ium1 d>k br[n1 surface r\gh5$2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes int]m$iate 9 l5g?2 diaphragm ( mean ?ickness2 pi? m$ium 9 size2 %oots slightly pubesc5t2 t5drils usually cont9u\s1 ( av]age l5g?1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds m$ium to small1 v %ort1 ?ick to m$ium1 some:at compress$1 obtuse1 op5 v late4 ,"y leaves fa9tly t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface d>k gre51 glossy1 smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 leaf usually n lob$1 ) t]m9us acum9ate2 petiol> s9us deep to m$ium1 r wide2 basal s9us lack+2 lat]al s9us v %all[ :5 pres5t2 tee? some:at %all[1 mod]ately wide4 ,fl[]s /]ile to semi-f]tile1 op5 e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,concord or lat]1 does n %ip nor keep well4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size & l5g?1 above av]age bread?1 cyl9drical to ne>ly tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 m$ium to compact2 p$uncle int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 ?ick2 p$icel %ort to m$ium1 cov]$ ) few1 small w>ts2 bru% m$ium to %ort1 br[ni%4 ,b]ries small1 usually r\ndi%1 light gre5 t+$ ) yell[1 some:at dull1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 n p]si/5t1 ne>ly firm4 ,sk9 v>iable 9 ?ickness & t5d]ness1 adh]es to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% yell[i%-gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 t\gh1 f9e-gra9$1 v9\s1 t>t at sk9 to acid at c5t]1 sprightly1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate ) difficulty f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age two or ?ree1 int]m$iate 9 size & bread?1 r d>k br[n2 raphe buri$ 9 a %all[ groove2 *alaza ( av]age size1 slightly above c5t]1 oval1 obscure4 ,mu/ #ajj4 ,,norfolk4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3ie4 #b4 ,ib41 ,pt4 #b3abj4 #ahge4 #c4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3afd4 #ahia4 #d4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfa4 #ahic4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3afc1 #ahf4 #f4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #g3ace1 #aci4 #ahie4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecc1 #edh4 #ahih4 #h4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3ach4 #ahih4 #i4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3dj1 #db1 #dd1 #df1 #ea4 #ahii4 ,,norfolk ,,muscat 7#a1 #b74 ,norfolk 0 dissem9at$ z an e>ly ,catawba & x resembles t v>iety v mu* 9 appe>ance & some:at 9 flavor1 b rip5s mu* e>li]4 ,unlike ! ,catawba too1 ! fruit does n keep well1 nor is ! flavor q up to ! high quality ( ! old] v>iety1 m ne>ly resembl+1 z x gr[s "h1 t ( ,agawam4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 ! fruit *>act]s s mu* z ^? ( ! v9e t h kept ,norfolk f becom+ popul>4 ,x falls %ort 9 sev]al v9e *>act]s1 *iefly 9 productiv5ess1 & aft] hav+ be5 kn[n = _m ye>s is n[ sc>cely cultivat$4 ,n4 ,b4 ,:ite#bjc ( ,norwood1 ,massa*usetts1 orig9at$ ?is v>iety "s "t 9 ! sixties f se$ ( a native ,labrusca f]tiliz$ ) ,black ,hamburg4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 usually h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 ?ick2 t5drils usually int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 mod]ately light gre51 ?ick2 l[] surface grayi%-:ite ) t+e ( bronze1 pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s ne>ly f]tile1 op5 e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s e>li] ?an ,concord1 does n keep v well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 (t5 broad1 tap]+1 usually ) a long s+le %\ld]1 loose4 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 oval to r\ndi%1 d>k purpli%-r$ some:at resembl+ ,catawba1 cov]$ ) a fair am\nt ( d>k lilac or fa9t blue bloom1 %att]1 r s(t4 ,sk9 ?91 incl9$ to t5d]1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% some:at t\gh1 /r+y1 r co>se1 v9\s1 sweet at sk9 to acid at c5t]1 fair 9 quality4 ,se$s adh]e to ! pulp1 num]\s1 q l>ge1 long to m$ium1 di/9ctly not*$4 ,,nor!rn ,,muscad9e4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,horticulturi/1 #i3eah4 #ahed4 #b4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahed3cae4 #c4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bb3be4 #ahef4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahef3aff4 #e4 ,ib41 #ahfb3adc4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfb3ij4 #g4 ,ph91 #ahfb3bei4 #h4 ,m9n4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgg3ei4 #i4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3abf4 #aj4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecc1 #edh1 #eef4 #ahih4 #aa4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaea1 #aafj4 #ahih4 #ab4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3dj1 #db1 #dd1 #df4 #ahii4 ,,e>ly ,,nor!rn ,,muscad9e 7#b1 #g74 ,to ^? :o pr(ess to l a foxy grape1 ! ,nor!rn ,muscad9e %\ld be ! grape p> excell5ce4 ,_m ( ! diff]5ces 9 op9ion to be f\nd 9 grape lit]ature reg>d+ ! quality ( grapes h h+$ ^u :e!r fox9ess 9 ta/e & aroma is lik$ or n4 ,?us "s horticulturi/s put ,nor!rn ,muscad9e1 bo? = ! table & = w9e1 well t[>d ! head ( ! li/ ( ,am]ican grapes1 :ile o!rs condemn x z unfit to eat4 ,! fact t ?is v>iety1 ) ,lucile1 ,lutie1 & o!rs ) ! foxy ta/e /rongly m>k$1 has n become popul>1 9 spite ( p>ticul>ly good v9e *>act]s1 is presumptive evid5ce t ! ,am]ican public d n want su* grapes4 ,9 appe>ance ( fruit ,nor!rn ,muscad9e is mu* l ,lutie1 & mu* l x 9 quality1 ! two be+ di/+ui%$ f mo/ o!r grapes by an unmi/akable odor4 ,a s]i\s defect ( ! fruit is t ! b]ries %att] badly z soon z ! grape rea*es maturity4 ,tak5 z a :ole1 ! v9e *>act]s ( ?is v>iety are v good & x (f]s possibilities = ! grape-bre$] because ( !m4 ,x _c be recomm5d$ = ei!r ! v9ey>d or ! g>d54 ,?is v>iety orig9at$ at ,new ,lebanon1 ,columbia ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,x 0 fir/ br\ght to notice by ,d4 ,j4 ,hawk9s & ,philemon ,/ew>t ( ! ,unit$ ,society ( ,%ak]s at t place ab\t #aheb4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahfb & dropp$ 9 #ahga4 ,x is a typical r$ ,labrusca 9 all ( its *>act]s4 ,v9e v>iable 9 vigor & productiv5ess1 heal?y1 n always h>dy4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g? & numb]1 m$ium to sl5d]1 d>k br[n1 sometimes ) a a slight r$ t+e1 heavily pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid1 dehisce e>ly4 ,leaves m$ium to v l>ge & ( di/9ct ,labrusca type1 incl9$ to r\ndi%1 ?ick2 upp] surface ( m$ium gre5ness1 dull1 m$ium to rugose2 l[] surface d>k bronze1 heavily pubesc5t2 ve9s well def9$4 ,fl[]s f]tile to /]ile1 op5 9 mid-season or e>li]2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,word51 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 %ort1 ( av]age wid?1 frequ5tly oval b sometimes r\ndi%1 occasionally s+le-%\ld]$1 m$ium to compact4 ,b]ries m$ium to l>ge1 r\ndi% to oval1 d>k amb] to dull br[ni%-r$1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 drop badly f p$icel4 ,sk9 v>iable 9 ?ickness1 m$ium to t\gh1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s little or no pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% v pale gre51 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d] & s(t1 unusually foxy1 sweet1 poor 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 (t5 num]\s1 l>ge1 broad1 fa9tly not*$1 long1 n blunt1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( av]age size1 slightly above c5t]1 v>iable 9 %ape1 (t5 %[+ z an obscure depression4 ,,norton4 7,ae/ivalis1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,pr9ce1 #ahcj3ahf4 #b4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahde3ici4 #c4 ,horticulturi/1 #ab3dfa4 #aheg4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aheh3fh4 #e4 ,ib41 #ahfj3hh4 #f4 ,horticulturi/1 #af3af1 #bhf4 #ahfa4 #g4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahfe3aig4 #h4 ,horticulturi/1 #bj3ci4 #ahfe4 #i4 ,husmann1 #ahff3ai1 #dh1 #he1 #hg1 fig41 #ih4 #aj4 ,horticulturi/1 #bb3cee4 #ahfg4 #aa4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfg3dd4 #ab4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfg3aaa4 #ac4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3e1 #gd1 #ih1 #abb1 #ach1 #aej1 #bab1 #bif4 #ahfi4 #ad4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3abf4 #ae4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ajj4 #af4 ,ib41 #ahhi3aji4 #ag4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahia3aca4 #ah4 ,am4 ,g>d41 #bj3fhh4 #ahii4 #ai4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3dj1 #dc1 #de1 #ea1 #ed4 #ahii4 #bj4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ah3cig4 #ahii4 #ba4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aije3ei4 ,norton's ,se$l+ 7#i74 ,,norton',s ,,virg9ia 7#c1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ae1 #ba74 ,norton's ,virg9ia 7#ad1 #ah74 ,,norton',s ,,virg9ia ,,se$l+ 7#a1 #b1 #d74 ,virg9ia ,se$l+ 7#i1 #ac74 ,norton is ! lead+ w9e grape 9 ea/]n ,am]ica1 &1 if we except ,cyn?iana1 :i* c h>dly be told f x1 ! w9e made f x is ! be/ ( its class made 9 ! regions 9 :i* ! v>iety w gr[4 ,! fruit is ( small value = any o!r purpose ?an w9e4 ,norton is fairly h>dy b requires a long w>m season to rea* maturity4 ,:ile x is said t x may be gr[n :]ev] ,catawba ?rives1 ?is has n prov$ to be ! case 9 ,new ,york2 ,norton 9 ?is ,/ate is f> m prec>i\s ?an ,catawba 9 maturity1 s mu* s t x is n[ sc>cely gr[n ev5 9 ! mo/ favor$ p>ts ( ,new ,york4 ,x has great adaptability to soils & ?rives 9 ri* alluvials or clays1 gravels or s&s1 ! only requisite seem+ly be+ a fair am\nt ( f]tility & soil w>m?4 ,! v9es are robu/1 v productive1 especially on f]tile soils1 z free1 or m s1 f fungal diseases ?an any o!rs ( our native grapes1 & v resi/ant to phyllox]a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,norton ,! bun*es ( ,norton are ( m$ium size1 n av]ag+ ne>ly z l>ge z ! "o %[n 9 ! illu/ration1 & ! b]ries are small2 ! fruit is n at all attractive 9 appe>ance4 ,! grapes are pleasant eat+ :5 fully ripe1 ri* & spicy1 & pure-flavor$ b t>t if n q ripe2 b /ill are 9 no s5se table grapes4 ,! fruit keeps well4 ,! clu/] usually rip5s ev5ly & ! b]ries nei!r %att] nor crack4 ,! v>iety is difficult to propagate f cutt+s & to transplant1 & ! v9es d n be> grafts readily4 ,norton has be5 us$ to q an ext5t 9 bre$+ "w & ! blood may be f\nd 9 a numb] ( desirable grapes b x is n a prolific p>5t ( wor?y grapes z has be5 ! case ) s _m ( its contempor>y v>ieties4 ,l ,concord1 ,norton gives1 9 exp]im5tal "w1 _m :ite se$l+s4 ,! orig9 ( ,norton is r unc]ta94 ,9 #ahcj ,pr9ce writes t he receiv$ ! grape f ,dr4 ,d4 ,n4 ,norton1 "o ( ! pione] grape-gr[]s ( ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia1 :o _h orig9at$ x f ! se$ ( ,bl& ) ,mill]'s ,burgundy gr[+ ne>by4 ,?is p>5tage1 x appe>$ lat]1 0 und\bt$ly an error z ! ,norton %[s none ( ! *>act]s ( ei!r ,bl& or ,mill]'s ,burgundy4 ,pr9ce's description leaves little d\bt b t 8 ,norton 0 ! ,norton ( to-day4 ,9 #ahfa !re 0 an article publi%$ 9 ! ,horticulturi/#bjd by a ,mr4 ,lemosy say+ t ! orig9al ,norton v9e _h be5 discov]$ 9 #ahce by 8 fa!r1 ,dr4 ,f4 ,a4 ,lemosy ( ,ri*mond1 ,virg9ia1 on an isl& 9 ! ,james ,riv] & t ,dr4 ,norton secur$ ! v>iety f ?is s\rce4 ,s9ce ,norton _h s5t ?is v>iety to ,pr9ce prior to #ahcj1 ?is /ory is evid5tly wrong z to dates & is suspici\s z to facts4 ,x is probable t ! true hi/ory ( ! v>iety w nev] be kn[n4 ,_m grapes ( ! ,norton class h be5 f\nd at ! ,s\?1 a fact :i* has l$ to mu* confusion z to ! orig9 ( v>ieties z well z 9 ! v>ieties !mselves4 ,grapes ( ! ,norton type 7 n look$ ^u ) favor by ! e>ly viticulturi/s & x 0 n until "s ye>s aft] its introduction t ! v>iety 0 widely plant$--& !n 9 ,miss\ri & n 9 ! region ( its orig94 ,! ,norton 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahfg1 & is yet reta9$4 ,?is v>iety has be5 usually class$ z ,ae/ivalis1 :i* is approximately correct al?\gh mo/ viticulturi/s agree t !re is a /ra9 ( ,labrusca pres5t z indicat$ by ! occasional cont9uity ( t5drils4 ,mill>det1 ( ,france1 believes t ! v>iety may conta9 a /ra9 ( ,c9]ea z well4 ,b 9 fruit at lea/1 ,norton is ess5tially a v>iety ( ,ae/ivalis4 ,v9e v vigor\s1 heal?y1 usually h>dy b sometimes half-h>dy1 an unc]ta9 be>] at ?is ,/ation b produc+ heavy crops 9 m s\!rn localities4 ,canes long1 ( av]age numb]1 ?ick to m$ium1 d>k br[n to r$di%-br[n1 surface cov]$ ) consid]able blue bloom2 nodes mu* enl>g$2 int]nodes m$ium to long2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? l>ge to m$ium2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 occasionally cont9u\s1 long1 bifid to sometimes trifid4 ,leaf-buds above av]age size & ?ickness1 %ort to m$ium1 (t5 compress$1 obtuse to conical1 op5 late4 ,"y leaves consid]ably t+$ on upp] & "u sides ) bright c>m9e4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge1 irregul>ly r\ndi%1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface gre51 dull1 rugose on old] leaves2 l[] surface pale gre51 slightly pubesc5t2 ve9s indi/9ct2 leaf usually n lob$ ) t]m9us acute to sometimes obtuse2 petiol> s9us deep to m$ium1 n>r[1 sometimes clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us usually abs5t2 lat]al s9us %all[ to a m]e not* :5 pres5t2 tee? v>iable 9 dep? & wid?4 ,fl[]s self-f]tile1 op5 late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s too late = ?is locality1 keeps well :5 prop]ly matur$4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 incl9$ to %ort1 mod]ately broad1 tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 m$ium to compact2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 ?ick1 sometimes flatt5$2 p$icel int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) few w>ts2 bru% dull1 w9e-color$4 ,b]ries m$ium to small1 r\ndi% to oblate1 black1 some:at glossy1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 s(t4 ,sk9 ?91 ( av]age t\ghness1 does n adh]e to ! pulp1 conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( d>k r$ pigm5t1 no a/r+5cy4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 juicy1 t5d]1 spicy1 t>t & some:at a/r+5t4 ,se$s sep>ate fairly easily f ! pulp1 two to six1 av]age ?ree1 num]\s1 m$ium to small1 int]m$iate 9 bread? & l5g?1 n not*$1 br[ni%2 raphe di/9ct2 *alaza small1 above c5t]1 circul>1 obscure4 ,mu/ #aje-aaj4 ,,norwood4 7,v9if]a1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhj3bca4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3dc4 #c4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bef4 #ahic4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3afd4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ac3fje4 #ahid4 #f4 ,col4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bi3ai4 #ahid4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecc1 #ede1 #edf1 #edh1 #eeb4 #ahih4 #h4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bdb4 #aijb4 ,norwood is a ,labrusca-,v9if]a cross-bre$ ( ! same specific p>5tage z ,rog]s' hybrids :i* x greatly resembles4 ,x is r m h>dy ?an mo/ o!r grapes ( its bre$+ & is preem95tly a long keep]1 surpass+ mo/ ( ! simil> hybrids 9 ?is respect1 ?\gh all ( ^! are notable = _! keep+ quality4 ,b ! v>iety is incapable ( self-f]tilization & does n set its fruit well ev5 9 a mix$ v9ey>d1 :i* fault %\ld deb> x f ei!r ! comm]cial or ! amateur li/4 ,! quality is f good to v good4 ,n4 ,b4 ,:ite orig9at$ ,norwood f se$ ( ,concord f]tiliz$ ) ,black ,hamburg4 ,x 0 introduc$ ab\t #ahhj & has be5 r widely te/$ b has nev] be5 popul>1 & is n[ seldom se5 9 v>ietal v9ey>ds4 ,v9e vigor\s1 subject to w9t] injury 9 unfavorable locations1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g? & numb]1 sl5d]2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t1 bifid4 ,leaves l>ge1 n uni=m 9 color1 ?92 l[] surface grayi%-gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s /]ile to imp]fectly self-f]tile1 op5 late2 /am5s %ort4 ,fruit rip5s a little e>li] ?an ,concord1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to m$ium1 (t5 long & broad1 irregul>ly tap]+1 sometimes heavily s+le-%\ld]$1 int]m$iate 9 compactness4 ,b]ries l>ge1 r\ndi% to oval1 purpli%-black cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 v p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ?ick1 r t\gh1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 decid$ly a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 t\gh1 /r+y1 slightly foxy1 sweet at sk9 to acid at c5t]1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s adh]5t1 r l>ge1 long1 %>p-po9t$4 7,i7 ,,ohio4 7,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #h3afh4 #ahdb4 #b4 ,ib41 #i3aia1 #dcj4 #ahdc4 #c4 ,d[n+1 #ahde3bea1 #beg4 #d4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahde3icg1 #idj4 #e4 ,ib41 #ahdg3dfe4 #f4 ,n4 ,y4 ,ag4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahdh3cff4 #g4 ,?omas1 #ahdi3cih4 #h4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #af3edf4 #ahej4 #i4 ,horticulturi/1 #f3bbd4 #ahea4 #aj4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3abg4 #aa4 ,tex4 ,f>m & ,ran*1 ,feb4 #h1 #ahif3aa4 #ab4 ,trait g54 de vit41 #f3cgd4 #aijc4 ,alabama 7#ab74 ,black ,spani% 7#ab74 ,black ,spani% ,alabama 7#ab18aj74 ,! ,black 7#ab74 ,blue ,fr5* 7#ab74 ,burgundy 7#ab74 ,cig> ,box 7#b1 #h1 #i1 #aa1 #ab74 ,dev]eaux 7#ab74 ,el ,paso 7#ab74 ,jack 7#i1 #aj1 #ab74 ,jacques 7#aj1 #ab74 ,,jacquez 7#ab74 ,jac 7#ab74 ,jacquet 7#ab74 ,l5oir 7#ab74 ,,longwor?',s ,,ohio 7#d1 #h74 ,longwor?'s ,ohio 7#c1 #g1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab74 ,mac,candless 7#ab74 ,ohio 7#ab74 ,seg> ,box 7#c1 #f1 #g1 #aj1 #ab74 ,at "o "t ,ohio attract$ a great deal ( att5tion 9 s\!rn grape regions z a w9e grape ( ! ,l5oir gr\p b 0 disc>d$ z inf]ior to o!r simil> grapes1 lack+ *iefly 9 h>d9ess & 9 heal? ( v9e4 ,! grape is some:at int]e/+ f its s+ul> hi/ory4 ,9 #ahcd "s grape cutt+s 9 a cig>-box 7 left at ! home ( ,ni*olas ,longwor? ( ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio1 dur+ ,mr4 ,longwor?'s abs5ce f home4 ,! man :o left !m did n return & ,longwor? c\ld n succe$ 9 trac+ ! donor's id5tity4 ,f ^! came ,ohio4 ,! ,ohio has1 at diff]5t times1 be5 said to be ! same1 9 turn1 z ,h]bemont1 ,l5oir & ,norton4 ,9 reg>d to ! fir/1 ,longwor? _h ,h]bemont 9 cultivation be=e he receiv$ ! ,ohio & nei!r he nor 8 v9ey>di/s fail$ to see di/9ct & con/ant diff]5ces betwe5 ! two v>ieties4 ,! la/ two are dispos$ ( 9 ! ,c9c9nati ,horticultural ,society ,report giv5 on ! next page4 ,longwor? & o!rs corroborat$ ^! /atem5ts f _! own comp>isons ( ! v>ieties gr[+ 9 ! v9ey>ds ar\nd ,c9c9nati4 ,_m grape-gr[]s1 & ,longwor? ( ! numb]1 h be5 ( ! op9ion t ,ohio might be ! same z ! v>iety cultivat$ 9 ,mississippi "u ! "n ,jack or ,jacques1 bo? names be+ corruptions ( ,jacquez1 an old ,spani>d :o _h introduc$ ! grape into ! section ar\nd ,nat*ez4 ,! ,ohio is probably n[ obsolete4 ,x did n succe$ nor? ( ,c9c9nati & its culture 0 dropp$ 9 ! place ( its orig9 on acc\nt ( its susceptibility to mildew & black-rot4 ,! foll[+ description ( ,ohio is tak5 f a report to ! ,c9c9nati ,horticultural ,society3#bje ,v f9e specim5s ( ! grape cultivat$ "u ?is "n1 7 pres5t$ by ,n4 ,longwor? & ,j4 ,e4 ,motti]1 "s ( ! bun*es measur+ n9e in*es 9 l5g?4 ,z !re has be5 "s belief express$ by ea/]n cultivators1 t ?is grape is ! same z ,norton's ,se$l+1 ( ,virg9ia1 ! committee took pa9s to exam9e !m toge!r1 9 ,mr4 ,longwor?'s g>d51 :]e bo? 7 po9t$ out to u by ,mr4 ,slea?1 ! g>d5]4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two 0 at once app>5t & /rik+4 ,9 ! grape %[n z ! ,norton's ,se$l+1 said by ,mr4 ,slea? to h be5 obta9$ f ,mr4 ,norton himself1 ! wood is n s bright a r$ z 9 ! ,ohio1 & ! leaf is l>ge & entire1 :]eas t 9 ! ,ohio is ?ree-lob$2 ! bud is also mu* less prom95t & n s po9t$ z 9 ! ,ohio4 ,! bun*es ( fruit 9 ! ,norton's ,se$l+ 7 %ort] & m compact1 ) a ?ick pulp4 ,9 ! ,ohio1 ! bun*es 7 long1 v mu* %\ld]$1 conical or %>p-po9t$1 & ! fruit )\t pulp--sweet]1 m juicy & v9\s 9 flavor1 & ! se$s small]1 d>k] color$ & less num]\s ?an 9 ! ,norton's ,se$l+4 ,! ,committee ?9k ! grape br\ght into notice "h1 by ,n4 ,longwor?1 ,esq41 "u ! names ( ! ,ohio or ,cig> box1 a valuable & di/9ct v>iety1 & well wor?y ( cultivation4 ,?is grape has a /rong] resemblance to ! ,le ,noir :i* 0 also gr[+ ne>2 b its bun*es 7 m %\ld]$1 m po9t$1 & less compact4 7,,ii7 ,,ohio4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahib3bfd4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahie3ge4 ,ano!r ,ohio orig9at$ ) ,r4 ,h4 ,hunt ( ,euclid1 ,ohio1 ab\t tw5ty ye>s ago4 ,( ?is v>iety ,van ,deman says3 ,clu/] l>ge1 tap]+1 slightly %\ld]$4 ,b]ry r l>ge1 r\nd1 black ) slight bloom2 sk9 r ?ick1 t5d]2 pulp mod]ately juicy1 t5d]4 ,se$s small1 ?ree or f\r 9 numb]4 ,flavor mild1 slightly subacid2 quality m$ium4 ,season e>ly4 ,?is v>iety is n 9 ! collection ( ?is ,/ation & we h n be5 able to f9d ei!r v9es or fruit4 ,,oneida4 7,v9if]a1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3abh4 #b4 ,mass4 ,hat* ,/a4 ,bul41 #b3ba4 #ahhh4 #c4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfa4 #ahic4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecc1 #edh1 #eef4 #ahih4 #e4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agd4 #ahii4 #f4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ac3cbh4 #aijj4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ba3cif4 #aijb4 ,oneida is a ,new ,york se$l+1 int]e/+ z an (fspr+ ( ! ,v9if]a-,labrusca hybrid ,m]rimac4 ,x 0 sold by subscription 9 #ahhd & !reby some:at widely di/ribut$ b has n g5]ally be5 report$ ^u ) favor & is ( d\btful value4 ,!re are _m compla9ts ( its be+ unfruitful & "s ( its be+ unheal?y & 9 consequ5ce a weak gr[]4 ,9 "s sections1 h[ev]1 x is fairly satisfactory4 ,:ile x keeps well x is said to lose flavor soon aft] pick+4 ,oneida is "o ( ! r>e sorts ) erect /am5s & yet self-/]ile4 ,h4 ,?a*] ( ,oneida ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 orig9at$ ,oneida f se$ ( ,m]rimac plant$ 9 #ahga4 ,x bore its fir/ fruit 9 #ahge & 0 introduc$ by ,a4 ,m4 ,purdy ( ,palmyra 9 #ahhd4 ,! v9e *>act]s are l>gely ^? ( ,labrusca b ! fruit %[s v /rongly ! desc5t f ,v9if]a4 ,unlike ! b]ries ( ,labrusca !re is no disagreeable ta/e ne> ei!r sk9 or se$s & ! texture ( sk9 & fle% is mu* l t ( ! ,european ,malaga4 ,v9e m$ium 9 vigor1 n h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess1 some:at subject to attacks ( fungi4 ,canes m$ium to long1 num]\s1 (t5 r sl5d]1 r\gh5$2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 mod]ately light gre52 l[] surface pale gre51 pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 m$ium late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s lat] ?an ,concord1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s small to m$ium1 tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 loose4 ,b]ries v>iable 9 size1 r\ndi%1 h&some r$ 9 color1 almo/ equal to ,delaw>e al?\gh 9 "s seasons ! b]ries h an unattractive gre5i%-r$ color4 ,sk9 ?ick1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp4 ,fle% some:at /r+y1 t5d]1 v9\s1 sweet f sk9 to c5t]1 ) "s ,v9if]a sprightl9ess1 fair to good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 n num]\s1 r l>ge1 broad1 %ort1 plump1 usually ) a small enl>g$ neck2 *alaza l>ge1 di/9ct1 r\gh5$4 ,,oporto4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bf3eeb4 #ahfj4 fig4 #b4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahfa3dgg4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfb3ij4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfb3aeg4 #e4 ,/rong1 #ahff3ceb4 #f4 ,husmann1 #ahff3abd4 #g4 ,full]1 #ahfg3bdg4 #h4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #d3bge4 #ahfh4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahga3ajh4 #aj4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3edj4 fig4 #aa4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3abh4 ,,blue ,,t>t 7#b74 ,blue ,v9e ,grape 7#b74 ,oporto 7#b74 ,oporto 0 at "o "t some:at s\ght = z a w9e grape f ! fact t its w9e resembl$ 9 color & flavor t f ,oporto4 ,! "n has giv5 _m ! idea t ! grape is a ,european v>iety--a misnom] 9 ?is respect1 z its botanical *>act]s %[ x to be a cross betwe5 ,rip>ia & ,labrusca4 ,! v>iety is n[ sc>cely kn[n1 be+ inf]ior 9 mo/ ( its horticultural *>act]s to o!rs ( its species1 b x might be valuable 9 bre$+ "w = "s ( its *>act]s4 ,oporto is v h>dy1 unusually free f fungal diseases1 & its mu/ is v ?ick & d>k1 ev5 /a9+ ! h&s a deep purple1 h5ce suitable = add+ color to w9es4 ,! v>iety is v resi/ant to phyllox]a & has be5 us$ 9 ,france z a phyllox]a-resi/ant graft+ /ock4 ,! orig9 ( ?is v>iety is unkn[n4 ,x 0 introduc$ into cultivation ab\t #ahfj by ,e4 ,w4 ,sylve/] ( ,lyons1 ,new ,york4 ,! ,oporto 0 plac$ on ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society li/ 9 #ahfb & remov$ 9 #ahfg4 ,! botanical *>act]s indicate t ?is v>iety is a ,rip>ia-,labrusca cross-bre$4 ,x has mu* ! same v9e *>act]s z ,cl9ton1 b is1 if any?+1 m rampant 9 gr[? ?an t vigor\s v>iety4 ,v9e vigor\s to v vigor\s1 unusually h>dy1 heal?y1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess4 ,canes above m$ium to long1 ( m$ium ?ickness1 d>k br[n to r$di%-br[n1 surface cov]$ ) ?9 blue bloom2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid4 ,/am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,concord1 %ips & keeps well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 inf]ior 9 l5g?1 int]m$iate 9 wid?1 cyl9drical to oval1 (t5 s+le-%\ld]$1 v>iable 9 compactness4 ,b]ries bel[ m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi% to oblate1 frequ5tly compress$ on acc\nt ( compactness ( clu/]1 black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 v ?91 t5d]1 conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( d>k w9e-color$ pigm5t4 ,fle% ne>ly :ite1 or sometimes ) purpli% t+e1 mod]ately juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 incl9$ to solid1 sweet to some:at acid1 decid$ly spicy1 ( fair quality4 ,se$s sep>ate some:at easily f ! pulp1 (t5 num]\s1 bel[ m$ium to small1 ( av]age l5g?1 incl9$ to broad1 fa9tly not*$1 (t5 %>ply po9t$1 plump1 d>k br[n2 raphe sometimes %[s z a p>tly subm]g$ cord 9 ! %all[ groove2 *alaza ( av]age size1 above c5t]1 oval1 ne>ly obscure4 ,,ori5tal4 7,v9if]a1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,b>ry1 #ahhc3ddi4 #b4 ,kan4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhi-ij3ie4 #c4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bef4 #ahic4 #d4 ,col4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bi3ai4 #ahid4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3afe4 ,ori5tal is an excell5t d>k r$ ,v9if]a-,labrusca hybrid resembl+ ,rog]s' r$ hybrids b n 9 any way surpass+ !m4 ,:ile a good grape1 x is d\btful if x c take ! place ( ! bett] kn[n v>ieties ( ,rog]s4 ,l _m grapes ( ?is class its fruit is ( high quality b ! v9e is ( only mod]ate vigor & is susceptible to mildew & black-rot4 ,ori5tal is m satisfactory 9 ! dry portions ( ! middle ,we/ ?an 9 ,new ,york4 ,?is v>iety 0 produc$ by ,n4 ,b4 ,:ite ( ,norwood1 ,massa*usetts1 f se$ ( a wild ,labrusca f]tiliz$ ) ,black ,hamburg poll54 ,v9e vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 av]ages ) ,concord 9 productiv5ess4 ,canes unusually long1 above m$ium 9 numb] & ?ickness1 surface slightly r\gh5$2 t5drils cont9u\s1 sometimes int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves l>ge1 gre52 l[] surface grayi%-gre51 pubesc5t4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t t5 days be=e ,concord1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s int]m$iate 9 size & l5g?1 broad1 v>y f s+le-%\ld]$ to d\ble-%\ld]$1 loose4 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 oval to r\ndi%1 dull d>k r$1 cov]$ ) lilac bloom1 incl9$ to drop some:at f p$icel1 s(t4 ,sk9 ?ick1 t\gh1 ) b little a/r+5cy4 ,fle% some:at t\gh1 /r+y1 co>se1 v9\s1 sweet f sk9 to c5t]1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s adh]5t to ! pulp1 (t5 num]\s1 l>ge1 long1 m$ium to broad1 blunt2 *alaza c5tral to di/9ctly above c5t]1 frequ5tly ) %all[ radiat+ furr[s4 ,,o!llo4 7,v9if]a1 ,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #i3bb1 #bc4 #ahfg4 fig4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfg3agc4 #c4 ,d[n+1 #ahfi3eeb4 #d4 ,grape ,cult41 #b3bd1 #be4 #ahgj4 fig4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3afg4 #f4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3ahe4 #ahif4 #g4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaea1 #aafa4 #ahih4 #h4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3dj1 #dc1 #dd1 #de1 #gf4 #ahii4 #i4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3dg4 #aija4 #aj4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bdf4 #aijb4 #aa4 ,trait g54 de vit41 #e3afj4 #aijc4 ,arnold's ,hybrid ,no4 #a 7#d74 ,,arnold',s ,,no4 #a 7#a74 ,arnold's ,no4 #a 7#c1 #e1 #f1 #aa74 ,,arnold',s ,,hybrid 7#b74 ,arnold's ,hybrid 7#aa74 ,canadian ,hamburg 7#c1 #aa74 ,canadian ,hybrid 7#c1 #aa74 ,*all5ge8 7#aa74 ,o!llo is int]e/+ z be+ s f> ! mo/ valuable hybrid betwe5 ,v9if]a & ,rip>ia1 hav+ attract$ mu* att5tion 9 ,europe z well z 9 ,am]ica4 ,! significance ( ! "n is n app>5t unless1 because ( its d>k color1 x 0 *ri/5$ aft] ,%akespe>e's dusky ,moor4 ,9 ,france1 ,o!llo does rem>kably well z a direct produc] & is us$ some:at = a resi/ant /ock4 ,:ile mo/ ( its *>act]s are spok5 ( 9 ! sup]lative by ! ,fr5*1 9 ,am]ica x is n s highly ?\ght ( *iefly because ( its susceptibility to fungi1 ?\gh x %[s o!r weaknesses :i* seem inh]5t to hybrids ( ,v9if]a & native species :5 gr[n 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! fruit ( ,o!llo matures s late t x c\ld nev] become a valuable v>iety = any consid]able portion ( ,new ,york4 ,x is 9 no s5se a table grape nor does x make1 accord+ to ! ,fr5*1#bjf a high grade ( w9e1 b r a well-color$1 pleasant1 ord9>y w9e ( consid]able alcoholic /r5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,o!llo ,*>les ,arnold ( ,p>is1 ,brant ,c\nty1 ,ont>io1 produc$ ,o!llo f se$ ( ,cl9ton f]tiliz$ by ,black ,hamburg4 ,! se$ 0 plant$ 9 #ahei & ! v>iety 0 s5t out = te/+ ab\t t5 ye>s lat]4 ,!re seems consid]able d\bt :e!r ,arnold's ,cl9ton 0 ! same z ! v>iety kn[n "u t "n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b if n1 x 0 simil>4 ,assum+ t ,arnold's is ! well kn[n ,cl9ton1 ,o!llo is desc5d$ f ,labrusca1 ,rip>ia & ,v9if]a4 ,! *>act]s ( ! ?ree species are %[n 9 ! v>iety4 ,! foxy flavor1 ! tom5tum ( ! leaf1 ! pulpy fle%1 & ! usually cont9u\s t5drils are all f ,labrusca4 ,rip>ia is reveal$ 9 ! long1 sl5d] canes1 ! resi/ance to phyllox]a & ! %all[1 spread+ root sy/em4 ,!re are b few ( ! *>act]s ( ,black ,hamburg1 ! ,v9if]a p>5t1 to be f\nd & yet ! mu* lob$ leaf1 ! clu/]1 ! oval b]ry & ! flavor indicate ! ,old ,_w grape & make fairly c]ta9 ! triple orig94 ,v9es vigor\s1 h>dy1 usually productive1 slightly susceptible to attacks ( mildew 9 "s localities4 ,canes long1 int]m$iate 9 numb] & size1 light to d>k br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 frequ5tly /rongly flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to bel[ 9 l5g?2 diaphragm ( av]age ?ickness2 pi? int]m$iate 9 size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 sometimes int]mitt5t1 ( m$ium l5g?1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds int]m$iate 9 size1 l5g? & wid?1 conical to ne>ly obtuse4 ,leaves ( av]age size & ?ickness2 upp] surface light gre51 dull & smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 pubesc5t2 lobes ?ree to five ) t]m9al lobe acute to obtuse2 petiol> s9us deep to m$ium1 v n>r[1 frequ5tly clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us %all[1 n>r[2 lat]al s9us deep to m$ium1 n wide2 tee? m$ium to v deep1 r wide2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s late1 keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s v l>ge to above m$ium1 long1 broad1 tap]+1 frequ5tly ) a loose s+le %\ld]1 two to ?ree bun*es p] %oot1 compact2 p$uncle m$ium to long1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 p$icel ne>ly long1 m$ium to sl5d]1 cov]$ ) num]\s small w>ts1 enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% v %ort1 w9e-color$4 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 oval to r\ndi%1 black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 v p]si/5t1 int]m$iate 9 firmness4 ,sk9 ?91 t\gh1 adh]es /rongly to ! pulp1 conta9s a mod]ate am\nt ( bright color$ r$ pigm5t1 )\t a/r+5cy4 ,fle% d>k gre51 v juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 slightly t\gh1 sprightly1 l[ 9 quality = table use4 ,se$s sep>ate some:at easily f ! pulp1 "o to ?ree 9 numb]1 m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 ( av]age l5g? & bread?1 ) neck sometimes slightly swoll51 br[ni%2 raphe usually di/9ct2 *alaza small1 above c5t]1 oval to circul>1 n obscure4 ,,oz>k4 7,ae/ivalis1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhi3cgd4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahij3aef4 #c4 ,ib41 #ahia3abh4 #d4 ,ib41 #ahib3bfg4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3afg4 #f4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3ace4 #ahih4 #g4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3dj1 #dc1 #dd1 #de1 #eb4 #ahii4 #h4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agd4 #ahii4 #i4 ,ky4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ib3ie4 #aija4 fig4 #aj4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3dg4 #aija4 #aa4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aije3bac4 ,oz>k belongs to ! ,s\? & to ,miss\ri1 & ! ,oz>ks 9 p>ticul>1 & _c be rip5$ 9 ! av]age ,new ,york season4 ,its m]its & dem]its h be5 ?re%$ out by ! ,miss\ri grape-gr[]s ) ! result t its culture is some:at increas+4 ,x is a w9e & n a table grape1 ( l[ quality1 p>tly1 p]haps1 f ov]be>+ :i* x habitually does unless ! fruit is ?9n$4 ,x is heal?y & a v /rong gr[]2 b is self-/]ile1 :i* is aga9/ x z a m>ket sort4 ,9 spite ( self-/]ility & l[ quality1 h[ev]1 x is a promis+ sort = ! c\ntry s\? ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,oz>k 0 orig9at$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,/ayman ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 f se$ :i* he /ates 0 f an unkn[n s\rce4 ,! v>iety 0 introduc$ by ,/ayman ,black ab\t #ahij4 ,! v>iety app>5tly is ( ,ae/ivalis desc5t ) a slight admixture ( ,labrusca4 ,!re 0 ano!r ,oz>k#bjg rais$ by ,fr$]ick ,mu5* ( ,m>?asville1 ,w>r5 ,c\nty1 ,miss\ri1 9 #ahea4 ,x has probably long be5 obsolete4 ,v9e vigor\s to v vigor\s1 usually h>dy1 m$ium to v productive4 ,canes r long1 (t5 some:at ?ick1 int]m$iate 9 numb]1 cov]$ ) ?9 blue bloom1 surface slightly r\gh5$2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 usually bifid4 ,leaves unusually heal?y & attractive1 d5se1 m$ium to l>ge1 light gre52 l[] surface pale gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t & cobwebby4 ,fl[]s /]ile or ne>ly s1 op5 late2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s late1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 long to m$ium1 usually ) a long & loose s+le %\ld]1 v compact4 ,b]ries v>iable 9 size1 dull black1 cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 v>iable 9 ?ickness1 t\gh1 conta9s a l>ge am\nt ( w9e-color$ pigm5t4 ,fle% n v juicy1 t5d] :5 fully ripe1 mild1 fair 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate some:at easily f ! pulp1 m$ium to small1 n not*$2 raphe %[s z a di/9ct cord-l ridge2 *alaza pla9ly above c5t]1 v di/9ct4 ,,peabody4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3abi4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3ib4 #c4 ,mass4 ,hat* ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #f3bb4 #ahic4 #d4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #cj3ajh4 #ahic4 #e4 ,c4 ,c54 ,exp4 ,f>ms ,rpt41 #ahid3aci4 #f4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agd4 #ahii4 #g4 ,ib41 #aid3eh4 #aija4 ,peabody is a comp>atively unimportant (fspr+ ( ,cl9ton produc$ by ,ricketts4 ,! grapes are too small = dess]t purposes & _! value = w9e seems n to h be5 det]m9$ ?\gh f its p>5tage x w\ld be call$ a w9e grape4 ,9 g5]al appe>ance ,peabody resembles ,ricketts' ,advance b is lat]1 n s /rong a gr[]1 nor s prolific nor h>dy4 ,x appe>s to d bett] 9 ! nor!rn ti] ( /ates or 9 ,canada ?an f>!r s\?4 ,?is v>iety is suppos$ to be a se$l+ ( ,cl9ton gr[n by ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts ab\t #ahgj & introduc$ 9 #ahhb4 ,! fruit is di/9ctly diff]5t 9 sev]al *>act]s f ,cl9ton or o!r se$l+s ( t v>iety sugge/+ t ,peabody is n a pure-br$ se$l+4 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 produces m$ium crops4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 (t5 ?ick1 light br[n ) a%-gray t+e1 consid]ably d>k] at nodes1 cov]$ ) ?9 blue bloom2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves m$ium to above 9 size1 d>k gre51 ?91 l[] surface pale gre51 ne>ly glabr\s4 ,fl[]s semi-f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s r e>ly1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to m$ium1 m$ium to long1 usually ) a fair-siz$ %\ld] connect$ to ! bun* by a long /em1 compact to m$ium4 ,b]ries int]m$iate 9 size1 di/9ctly oval to r\ndi%1 black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 ?ick1 t\gh1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% v juicy1 t5d]1 v9\s1 spicy1 agreeably sweet at sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s usually sep>ate f ! pulp easily :5 fully mature1 int]m$iate 9 size1 broad2 raphe sometimes %[s z a p>tially subm]g$ cord 9 ! bottom ( a r wide1 deep groove2 *alaza di/9ctly above c5t]1 (t5 r\gh5$4 ,,p]fection4 7,labrusca1 ,b\rqu9iana1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhi3cgb4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahib3bfh4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3afh4 #d4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3ach4 #ahih4 #e4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3dh4 #aija4 ,p]fection is a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e1 :i* x greatly resembles b does n equal 9 ,new ,york1 be+ h>dly z high 9 quality1 does n keep z well1 %rivels be=e rip5+1 & %ells badly4 ,9 its v9e *>act]s x is mu* m l a ,labrusca ?an ,delaw>e1 sugge/+ t x is a ,delaw>e cross4 ,9 ! ,s\?we/ x is consid]$ a valuable e>ly r$ grape4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,/ayman ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 orig9at$ ,p]fection f se$ ( ,delaw>e2 s5t out = te/+ ab\t #ahij4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 heal?y1 injur$ 9 sev]e w9t]s1 productive4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g? & numb]1 sl5d]2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 trifid to bifid4 ,leaves heal?y1 m$ium 9 size & color2 l[] surface grayi%-:ite ) t+e ( bronze1 heavily pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s f]tile or ne>ly s1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s be=e ,delaw>e1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s int]m$iate 9 size1 av]ag+ slightly l>g] ?an ,delaw>e1 ( fair l5g?1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 compact4 ,b]ries m$ium to small1 ne>ly r\ndi% :5 n mis%ap5 by compactness ( clu/]1 attractive r$ b slightly less brilliant ?an ,delaw>e1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray or fa9t lilac bloom1 incl9$ to drop f p$icel1 s(t4 ,sk9 ?91 v>iable 9 t\ghness1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% m$ium 9 juic9ess & t5d]ness1 v9\s1 mild1 mod]ately sweet1 good 9 quality b inf]ior to ,delaw>e4 ,se$s adh]5t to ! pulp1 q num]\s1 bel[ m$ium to small1 ( av]age l5g?1 (t5 ) slightly enl>g$ neck4 ,,p]k9s4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,horticulturi/1 #ad3bdf4 #ahei4 #b4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bg3ebc1 #ecb4 #ahfa4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfb3adg4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahge3bd4 #e4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgh3h4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3eh4 #g4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3dj4 #h4 ,neb4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahij3ic4 #i4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfa4 #ahic4 #aj4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3afh1 #afi4 fig4 #aa4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecd1 #edh1 #eef4 #ahih4 #ab4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agd4 #ahii4 #ac4 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3fi1 #gj1 #hh4 #aijj4 #ad4 ,s4 ,c4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #eh3g1 #h4 #aija4 fig4 ,p]k9s 0 at "o "t gr[n l>gely z an e>ly grape b has be5 v g5]ally disc>d$ on acc\nt ( its poor quality4 ,its pulp is h>d & its flavor is t ( ,wyom+1 ,nor!rn ,muscad9e & _! l1 all easily id5tifi$ & be/ *>act]iz$ by _! disagreeable fox9ess4 ,z ) ne>ly all ,labruscas x is a v poor keep]4 ,not)/&+ ! faults ( its fruit1 ,p]k9s may h value 9 regions :]e grape-gr[+ is prec>i\s2 = x is "o ( ! mo/ reliable grapes cultivat$1 be+ h>dy1 vigor\s1 productive1 & v free f fungal diseases4 ,add$ to ! above qualities1 x is e>ly1 ?us mak+ a plant well wor?y ! att5tion ( ! grape-bre$]4 ,?is v>iety is said to be an accid5tal se$l+ f\nd ab\t #ahcj 9 ! g>d5 ( ,jacob ,p]k9s ( ,bridgewat]1 ,massa*usetts4 ,= _m ye>s x _h only a local reputation & became kn[n to viticulturi/s ab\t #ahfj4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahge & al?\gh sev]al ef=ts h be5 made to h x remov$ x /ill rema9s4 ,x 0 suspect$ by "s ( ^? famili> ) its e>ly hi/ory to be a se$l+ ( ,isabella or ,catawba b !re is little or no?+ 9 ! v9e or fruit to sub/antiate su* a supposition4 ,v9e vigor\s1 heal?y1 h>dy1 productive4 ,canes long to m$ium1 num]\s1 ?ick to m$ium1 r d>k br[n1 deep5+ 9 color at ! nodes1 surface heavily pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves above m$ium to small1 ?ick2 upp] surface m$ium gre51 m$ium to slightly rugose2 l[] surface grayi%-:ite1 heavily pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct4 ,fl[]s ne>ly f]tile1 op5 m$ium e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s e>li] ?an ,delaw>e1 %ips well = an e>ly grape4 ,clu/]s int]m$iate 9 size & l5g?1 broad to m$ium1 cyl9drical to slightly tap]+1 (t5 ) a %ort s+le %\ld]1 compact4 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 di/9ctly oval1 dull gre5 *ang+ to an attractive pale lilac or light r$ :5 fully ripe1 cov]$ ) r abundant gray or lilac bloom1 incl9$ to drop consid]ably f ! p$icel1 some:at s(t4 ,sk9 ?91 t\gh1 conta9s no pigm5t4 ,fle% ne>ly :ite1 m$ium juicy1 /r+y1 f9e-gra9$1 firm & meaty1 v foxy1 sweet at sk9 to ne>ly acid at c5t]1 poor to fair 9 quality4 ,se$s decid$ly adh]5t1 num]\s1 m$ium to above 9 size1 wid? & l5g?1 some:at blunt1 light br[n ) yell[ tips2 raphe buri$ 9 a n>r[1 ne>ly deep groove2 *alaza small1 di/9ctly above c5t]1 oval to pe>-%ap$1 r di/9ct4 ,,pockl+ton4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #ba3bjg1 #cfb4 #ahgi4 #b4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhj3bch4 #c4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bb3agf4 #ahhj4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3cb1 #dd4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahha3bd4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3eh4 #g4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #de3fbb1 #fec4 #ahhf4 #h4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhf-hg3aga4 #i4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bff4 #ahic4 #aj4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3afi4 #aa4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ac3fje4 #ahid4 #ab4 ,ib41 #ae3dcb1 #dcc4 #ahif4 #ac4 ,ib41 #ag3ecd1 #edb1 #edd1 #ede1 #edg1 #eeb1 #eef4 #ahih4 #ad4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3dh1 #eb1 #eh4 #aija4 #ae4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bcg4 #aijb4 ,gold5 ,pockl+ton 7#aj74 ,be=e ! adv5t ( ,niag>a1 ,pockl+ton 01 all ?+s consid]$1 ! lead+ :ite grape1 hav+ v g5]ally displac$ ,m>?a4 ,! v>iety _h ! fatal fault1 h[ev]1 ( rip5+ late 9 ! latitude ( ,new ,york :i*1 ) "s m9or defects1 has caus$ x to fall bel[ ,niag>a 9 value = ! grape di/ricts ( ?is region if n = ! :ole c\ntry4 ,x is n[ be+ gr[n less & less1 & ?\gh /ill commonly f\nd1 mu/ soon become l>gely a grape = ! amateur & ! collector4 ,pockl+ton is a se$l+ ( ,concord & resembles its p>5t 9 mo/ ( its v9e *>act]s1 fully equal+ or surpass+ x 9 h>d9ess1 b ( sl[] gr[? & n q z heal?y1 vigor\s or productive4 ,9 quality x is z good if n bett] ?an ei!r ,concord or ,niag>a1 be+ sweet1 ri* & pleasant flavor$1 ?\gh z ) ! o!r two grapes x has a little too mu* fox9ess = critical consum]s ( grapes4 ,x is a h&some fruit1 a delicate gold5 yell[ 9 color1 be+ (t5 call$ ! ,gold5 ,pockl+ton1 & ) f9ely =m$ bun*es & b]ries mak+ x "o ( ! mo/ attractive ( all gre5 grapes4 ,pockl+ton keeps & %ips bett] ?an ,concord or ?an any ( ! latt]'s se$l+s1 hav+ a t\gh1 ?\gh comp>atively ?91 sk94 ,"u "s conditions1 x rip5s unev5ly & 9 "s localities x is unfruitful4 ,pockl+ton is n equal to sev]al o!r ( ! grapes ( its season 9 quality1 z1 = in/ance ,iona1 ,jeff]son1 ,diana1 ,dut*ess & ,catawba1 b x is f> above ! av]age z a table grape & = ?is reason & because ( its h&some appe>ance1 "o ( ! mo/ attractive ( all gre5 grapes1 x %\ld be reta9$ 9 our li/ ( grapes = ! g>d54 ,john ,pockl+ton ( ,s&y ,hill1 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 orig9at$ ,pockl+ton f se$ ( ,concord ab\t #ahgj4 ,! v>iety 0 fir/ exhibit$ at ! ,new ,york ,/ate fair 9 ,ro*e/]1 9 #ahgg1 & 0 exhibit$ be=e ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society two ye>s lat]4 ,x 0 introduc$ by ,john ,*>lton ( ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahhj4 ,9 #ahha x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog4 ,9 spite ( its g5]al failure z a comm]cial sort1 x is /ill (f]$ = sale by _m nurs]ym54 ,v9e m$ium 9 vigor1 h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess1 some:at subject to mildew 9 ! ,hudson ,riv] & ,c5tral ,lakes di/ricts4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 numb]1 & size1 v d>k r$di%-br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to bel[ 9 l5g?2 diaphragm ?92 pi? slightly above av]age size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 ( fair l5g?1 bifid to trifid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pockl+ton ,leaf-buds small1 v %ort1 sl5d]1 po9t$1 op5 late4 ,"y leaves t+$ on l[] side only1 prevail+ color light rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves v>iable 9 size1 m$ium to r ?ick2 upp] surface light gre51 glossy1 ( av]age smoo?ness2 l[] surface t+$ ) bronze1 pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes none to ?ree ) t]m9us acum9ate to acute2 petiol> s9us m$ium to deep1 r wide2 tee? ( av]age dep?1 m$ium to r n>r[4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit n uni=m 9 season ( rip5+ b av]ag+ lat] ?an ,concord1 keeps & %ips fairly well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 int]m$iate 9 l5g? & bread?1 cyl9drical to slightly tap]+1 (t5 s+le-%\ld]$1 m$ium to compact2 p$uncle m$ium to %ort1 ( av]age ?ickness2 p$icel %ort to m$ium1 ?ick1 cov]$ ) few small w>ts2 bru% %ort1 gre5i%4 ,b]ries l>ge to above m$ium1 slightly oblate1 attractive yell[i%-gre5 or ) t+e ( amb]1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 v>iable 9 adhesion to p$icel1 ne>ly firm4 ,sk9 cov]$ ) scatt]+ russet dots1 ?9 & t5d]1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 fa9tly a/r+5t4 ,fle% light gre51 (t5 ) yell[ t+e1 transluc5t1 juicy1 t\gh1 f9e-gra9$1 slightly foxy1 ne>ly sweet at sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s d n sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to six1 av]age ?ree1 int]m$iate 9 size1 l5g? & bread?1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( m$ium size1 slightly above c5t]1 usually oval1 obscure4 ,,p\ghkeepsie4 7,b\rqu9iana1 ,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bb3agf4 #ahhj4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3add4 #c4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3cbi4 #ahij4 #d4 ,ib41 #aa3fcb4 #ahib4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3agj4 #f4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecd1 #edg4 #ahih4 #g4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3da1 #dc1 #dd1 #de1 #ec4 #ahii4 #h4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3age4 #ahii4 #i4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3dh4 #aija4 #aj4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bci4 #aijb4 ,,p\ghkeepsie ,,r$ 7#a1 #b1 #d1 #e1 #g1 #i74 ,p\ghkeepsie has be5 kn[n on ! ,hudson ,riv] = ne>ly a half c5tury yet x is n[ b little gr[n !re & has n be5 widely dissem9at$ else:]e4 ,!re is no d\bt z to its quality1 bo? z a table grape & = w9e2 9 ?is respect x is consid]$ by _m z equal to ! be/ ( our ,am]ican v>ieties & q ! equal ( "s ( ! f9] ,european sorts4 ,b ! v9e *>act]s are practically all poor & ! v>iety is ?us effectually deb>r$ f common cultivation4 ,bo? v9e & fruit greatly resemble ,delaw>e b x is n ! equal ( ! latt] v>iety 9 v9e *>act]s & does n surpass x 9 fruit4 ,9 p>ticul>1 x is m easily w9t]-kill$ & is less productive ?an ,delaw>e4 ,x rip5s ) u a little e>li] ?an ! la/ nam$ sort & ?is ) its beauty & f9e quality is suffici5t to recomm5d x = ! g>d5 at lea/4 ,a4 ,j4 ,caywood ( ,m>lboro1 ,new ,york1 orig9at$ ,p\ghkeepsie1 x is said1 f se$ ( ,iona f]tiliz$ by mix$ poll5 ( ,delaw>e & ,walt]4 ,! orig9al se$l+ 0 rais$ 9 ! sixties b ! v>iety 0 only kn[n locally until ab\t #ahhj :5 x 0 br\ght be=e ! public4 ,x has nev] be5 popul> 9 any section & is n[ ne>ly obsolete4 ,v9e int]m$iate 9 vigor1 d\btfully h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess1 "s seasons produc+ su* heavy crops t ! v9e is weak5$1 & on ?is acc\nt a some:at unc]ta9 be>]4 ,canes m$ium to %ort1 int]m$iate 9 numb]1 ?ick to m$ium1 d>k r$di%-br[n2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 frequ5tly ?ree 9 l9e1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves n heal?y1 m$ium to small1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface m$ium gre51 glossy1 some:at rugose on old] leaves2 l[] surface pale gre5 to grayi%-gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 m$ium late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,delaw>e1 keeps & %ips fairly well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 int]m$iate 9 l5g? & wid?1 tap]+ to cyl9drical1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 v compact4 ,b]ries small1 r\ndi%1 pale r$ to attractive r$ :5 prop]ly rip5$1 cov]$ ) a m$ium am\nt ( d>k lilac bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ?9 & t5d] b does n crack1 conta9s no pigm5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 v juicy1 t5d]1 ne>ly melt+1 f9e-gra9$1 v9\s1 sweet or ne>ly s f sk9 to c5t]1 refre%+1 v good to be/ 9 quality4 ,! fle% *>act]s closely resemble ,delaw>e4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 small1 ( m$ium l5g?1 m$ium to broad1 usually plump ) slightly enl>g$ neck1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( av]age size1 di/9ctly above c5t]1 circul>1 obscure4 ,,pr5tiss4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgh3ceg4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahgi3aia1 #aid1 #cbj1 fig41 #cba4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahha3bd4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3ei1 #fa4 #e4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhd3cdc1 #cde4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ajc1 #ajf1 #add4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3ccb4 #ahij4 #h4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bff4 #ahic4 #i4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aga4 fig4 #aj4 ,husmann1 #ahie3ic4 #aa4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecd1 #edb1 #ede1 #edg1 #eeb4 #ahih4 #ab4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3age4 #ahii4 ,pr5tiss is a gre5 grape ( good quality1 once well kn[n & g5]ally recomm5d$1 b n[ go+ out ( cultivation4 ,if popul> pref]5ce turn$ ^u quality1 we %\ld /ill gr[ ?is v>iety1 b consid]ation mu/ be giv5 to o!r *>act]s & 9 ^! ,pr5tiss fails4 ,^? :o h gr[n x 9 ! sev]al grape di/ricts ( ,new ,york accr$it ! v9es ) ab\t all ! faults a grape c h4 ,?us1 x is almo/ univ]sally consid]$ t5d] to cold1 lack+ 9 vigor & be+ unproductive1 :ile 9 "s localities x is look$ ^u z unc]ta9 9 be>+1 & subject to rot & mildew4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are v9ey>ds 9 :i* x does v well & 9 su* x is a rem>kably attractive gre5 grape1 especially 9 =m ( clu/] & 9 =m & color ( b]ry1 9 ^! respects resembl+ ! "o-"t favorite ,rebecca ?\gh nev] s high 9 quality z t v>iety4 ,its season is giv5 z bo? be=e & aft] ,concord4 ,x mu/ always rema9 a v>iety = ! amateur & = special localities4 ,?is v>iety is said to h be5 orig9at$ by ,j4 ,w4 ,pr5tiss ( ,pult5ey1 ,/eub5 ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 ab\t =ty ye>s ago1 f se$ ( ,isabella4#bjh ,x 0 introduc$ ab\t #ahhj by ,t4 ,s4 ,hubb>d ( ,fr$onia1 ,new ,york4 ,9 #ahha x 0 plac$ on ! catalog ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society & is /ill reta9$4 ,v9e m$ium to weak1 ) a t5d5cy to w9t] injury1 unfruitful1 caprici\s 9 be>+1 some:at subject to attacks ( mildew4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g? & numb]1 ?ick1 light to d>k br[n2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid4 ,leaves above m$ium to small1 ?ick2 upp] surface light gre51 smoo? to rugose 9 ! old] leaves2 l[] surface pale gre51 pubesc5t2 ve9s obscure4 ,fl[]s self-f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit v>iable 9 season ( rip5+ av]ag+ ab\t ) ,concord1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s n l>ge1 m$ium to %ort1 ( av]age wid?1 tap]+ to cyl9drical1 sometimes ) a slight s+le %\ld]1 compact4 ,b]ries above m$ium to small1 v>y 9 %ape f r\ndi% to oval1 light gre5 ) /rong yell[i% t+e cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ( m$ium ?ickness1 some:at t\gh1 conta9s no pigm5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 juicy1 m$ium 9 t5d]ness1 slightly foxy1 sweet next ! sk9 to agreeably t>t at c5t]1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s adh]5t1 sometimes num]\s1 int]m$iate 9 size1 v>iable 9 wid?1 v slightly not*$1 %ort to m$ium1 %>p-po9t$1 d>k br[n2 raphe buri$ 9 a %all[1 n>r[ groove2 *alaza l>ge1 slightly above c5t]1 irregul>ly circul> to oval1 surface (t5 r\gh5$1 obscure4 ,,rebecca4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bb3deh1 #dhd1 #ejb4 #ahef4 #b4 ,horticulturi/1 #aa3ebh4 #ahef4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahef3ci1 #afb1 #bja4 fig4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahef3bad4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aheh3fg4 #f4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #b3bjj4 #ahfj4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfb3ij4 #h4 ,grant's ,descrip4 ,cat41 #ahfd3e4 #i4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #cc3gj1 #adh4 #ahfg4 #aj4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3dc1 #aej1 #cbg4 #ahfi4 #aa4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3ei4 #ab4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3acb4 #ac4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bcg4 #aijb4 ,dur+ ! middle & latt] "p ( ! la/ c5tury1 :5 grape-gr[+ 0 m 9 ! h&s ( connoisseurs ?an n[1 ,rebecca 0 "o ( ! /]l+ gre5 v>ieties4 ,x is :olly unsuit$ = comm]cial v9ey>ds & = ye>s has gradually be5 disappe>+ f cultivation4 ,! fruit ( ,rebecca is exceptionally f9e1 consi/+ ( well-=m$ bun*es & b]ries1 ! latt] a h&some yell[i%-:ite & semitransp>5t4 ,9 quality x is ( ! be/1 ) a ri*1 sweet flavor & pleas+ aroma4 ,b ! v9e *>act]s condemn x = any b ! amateur & ev5 9 ! g>d5 x mu/ h exceptionally good c>e to succe$4 ,! v9es lack 9 h>d9ess & vigor1 are susceptible to mildew & o!r fungi1 & are productive only "u ! be/ conditions4 ,x is recomm5d$ z be+ especially desirable to plant on s\? walls :]e x seems to succe$ mu* bett] ?an 9 expos$ situations4 ,! orig9al v9e ( ?is v>iety 0 an accid5tal se$l+ f\nd 9 ! g>d5 ( ,e4 ,m4 ,peake at ,hudson1 ,new ,york4 ,x bore its fir/ fruit 9 #aheb :5 ! v9e 0 f\r ye>s old & 0 br\ght to ! notice ( ! public f\r or five ye>s lat]4 ,! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society aw>d$ ! v>iety _! silv] m$al 9 #ahef & x 0 exhibit$ be=e ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society ! same ye>4 ,"h x made s favorable an impression t x 0 plac$ ) ,concord & ,delaw>e "u new v>ieties :i* promise well4 ,9 #ahfb x 0 plac$ on ! regul> li/ :]e x rema9$ till #ahia1 :5 x 0 remov$4 ,x 0 introduc$ by ,w4 ,brooksbank ( ,hudson4 ,v9e weak to vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 n productive1 some:at susceptible to attacks ( mildew4 ,canes long to bel[ m$ium1 num]\s1 above m$ium to sl5d]1 incl9$ to dull br[n1 deep5+ 9 color at ! nodes2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves v>iable 9 size1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface d>k gre51 dull1 m$ium to rugose2 l[] surface grayi%-gre51 pubesc5t2 ve9s v>iable 9 di/9ctness4 ,fl[]s f]tile or ne>ly s2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,concord or lat]1 %ips & keeps well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 m$ium to %ort1 ( av]age wid?1 cyl9drical to r\ndi%1 r>ely ) a small s+le %\ld]1 compact4 ,b]ries int]m$iate 9 size1 oval1 gre5 ) yell[i% t+e sometimes v]g+ on amb]1 n glossy1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness & t\ghness1 conta9s no pigm5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 v juicy1 t5d]1 ne>ly melt+1 v9\s & a little foxy1 sweet f sk9 to c5t]1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 m$ium to %ort1 above m$ium to n>r[1 blunt1 m$ium br[n2 raphe obscure2 *alaza ( av]age size1 above c5t]1 circul> to oval1 n di/9ct4 ,mu/ #fi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r$ ,,eagle ,,r$ ,,eagle4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3afb4 #ahia4 #b4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aj3dih4 #ahia4 #c4 ,ib41 #aa3fcc4 #ahib4 #d4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #cj3ajf4 #ahic4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ebe1 #ecd1 #edh1 #eef4 #ahih4 #f4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3ach4 #ahih4 #g4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3dh4 #aija4 ,munson ,no4 #dg 7#d74 ,r$ ,eagle is a pure-br$ se$l+ ( ,black ,eagle :i* x resembles 9 all *>act]s except color ( fruit4 ,x is "o ( comp>atively few pure-br$ (fspr+ ( ,v9if]a-,labrusca crosses ( ! second g5]ation & !re=e ( int]e/ to grape-bre$]s4 ,munson1 ! orig9ator ( ! v>iety1 does n include ,r$ ,eagle 9 8 la/ catalog b on ! gr\nds ( ?is ,/ation x takes high rank z a grape ( quality & at lea/ c be recomm5d$ to ! amateur4 ,9 g5]al x %[s ! *>act]s f\nd 9 ,rog]s' fir/ g5]ation hybrids & ranks ) !m 9 fruit & v9e4 ,! v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,t4 ,v4 ,munson1 f :om x 0 receiv$ at ?is ,/ation 9 #ahhh4 ,v9e m$ium 9 vigor1 injur$ 9 sev]e w9t]s1 mod]ately productive4 ,canes ( av]age l5g?1 m$ium to few1 sl5d]1 d>k br[n1 surface cov]$ ) a small am\nt ( blue bloom2 nodes prom95t1 slightly flatt5$2 int]nodes ( fair l5g?2 diaphragm int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 pi? m$ium 9 size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t1 long to m$ium1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 %ort1 ( av]age ?ickness1 conical to obtuse1 op5 late4 ,"y leaves heavily t+$ on "u side & lightly along m>g9 ( upp] side ) rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves int]m$iate 9 size1 ?ick2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 m$ium to slightly rugose2 l[] surface grayi%-gre51 slightly pubesc5t2 ve9s well def9$2 lobes ?ree to five ) t]m9us obtuse to acute2 petiol> s9us deep1 m$ium to n>r[1 sometimes clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us v>iable 9 dep?1 wide2 lat]al s9us (t5 v deep1 some:at wide2 tee? m$ium to deep1 wide4 ,fl[]s /]ile to f]tile1 op5 mod]ately late2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s a little be=e ,concord1 keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 v>iable 9 l5g?1 broad1 slightly tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$ b sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 loose to m$ium ) _m abortive b]ries2 p$uncle ne>ly long to m$ium1 incl9$ to sl5d]2 p$icel v long1 sl5d]2 bru% pale gre5 ) br[n t+e1 %ort to m$ium1 r sl5d]4 ,b]ries v>iable 9 size1 r\ndi%1 light to v d>k r$1 n glossy1 cov]$ ) heavy lilac or fa9t blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 r s(t4 ,sk9 m$ium to ?ick1 t5d]1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s a small am\nt ( r$ pigm5t1 )\t a/r+5cy4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transp>5t1 juicy1 v t5d] & melt+1 slightly foxy1 agreeably t>t next ! sk9 to slightly acid at c5t]1 v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to five1 av]age ?ree or f\r1 (t5 r l>ge1 ( mean bread?1 long1 some:at blunt1 light br[n2 raphe buri$ 9 a n>r[1 %all[ groove2 *alaza l>ge1 above c5t]1 irregul>ly circul> to oval1 di/9ct4 ,,regal4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fb3dcf4 #aijc4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijc3hb4 #c4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/ate ,fr4 ,gr4 ,assoc4 ,rpt41 #aijd3da4 ,z 0 ! case ) ! prec$+ grape1 ,regal is also a second g5]ation hybrid ( ,v9if]a & ,labrusca1 ! p>5t ( ?is v>iety be+ ,l9dley1 :i*1 z ! te*nical description %[s1 x mu* resembles4 ,! fact is aga9 demon/rat$ 9 ?is v>iety t ! *>act]s ( grape-hybrids1 at lea/ ( ^! two species1 are pass$ to subsequ5t g5]ations mu* z !y 7 f\nd 9 ! fir/ g5]ation4 ,! fruit ( ,regal is attractive 9 appe>ance & 9 quality1 its *>act]s be+ mu* ! same z ^? ( ,l9dley4 ,a seem+ly insignificant fault might make x some:at undesirable 9 a comm]cial v9ey>d2 x is t ! clu/]s are borne s close to ! wood t x is difficult to h>ve/ ! fruit1 & especially to avoid injury to ! b]ries next to ! wood4 ,! v>iety is wor?y ( ext5sive trial 9 ! v9ey>ds & g>d5s ( ! ,/ate4 ,regal 0 orig9at$ 9 ,rock=d1 ,ill9ois1 9 #ahgi by ,a4 ,w4 ,woodw>d4 ,x 0 introduc$ "s ye>s lat] by ,m4 ,craw=d ( ,cuyahoga ,falls1 ,ohio4 ,! orig9al v9e 0 "o ( a lot ( ,l9dley se$l+s4 ,"s v9es ( ?is v>iety 7 s5t out by ! introduc] "u ! title ,craw=d ,no4 #ii4 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 v productive4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g? & size1 r num]\s1 m$ium d>k r$di%-br[n4 ,t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves heal?y1 m$ium to ne>ly l>ge1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface gre51 slightly glossy & rugose2 l[] surface pale gre5 ) bronze t+e1 /rongly pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s fully self-f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,l9dley or lat]2 keeps well4 ,clu/]s small to m$ium1 %ort] ?an ,l9dley1 m$ium to broad1 cyl9drical to tap]+ ) sometimes an incl9ation to oval1 usually ) a %ort s+le %\ld]1 sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 v compact4 ,b]ries above m$ium to bel[1 av]ag+ l>g] ?an ,brighton1 r\ndi% b frequ5tly compress$ on acc\nt ( compactness ( clu/]1 purpli%-r$ to d>k r$1 cov]$ ) lilac bloom1 p]si/5t1 ( av]age firmness4 ,sk9 ?91 m$ium to t\gh1 conta9s no pigm5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 v juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 slightly /r+y & solid until fully ripe :5 x becomes r t5d]1 sweet at sk9 to acid at c5t]1 slightly musky1 good 9 quality b n equal to ,l9dley4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 r num]\s1 int]m$iate 9 size1 long to bel[ m$ium1 above m$ium to n>r[1 slightly not*$1 incl9$ to blunt1 frequ5tly ) a %ort enl>g$ neck1 br[ni%2 raphe buri$ 9 a m$ium-siz$ groove2 *alaza small1 above c5t]1 circul> to oval1 di/9ct4 ,,requa4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfd3acf4 #b4 ,horticulturi/1 #bd3abf4 #ahfi4 #c4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3aha4 #ahfi4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fcc4 #ahib4 #e4 ,ib41 #ag3ecd1 #edh1 #eef4 #ahih4 #f4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3da1 #dc1 #dd1 #de4 #ahii4 #g4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3age4 #ahii4 #h4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3dh4 #aija4 #i4 ,c4 ,hort41 #bd3bfa4 #aija4 fig4 #aj4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bdc4 #aijb4 ,,rog]s' ,,no4 #bh 7#a74 ,rog]s' ,no4 #bh 7#b1 #c1 #d1 #i74 ,requa is "o ( ,rog]s' hybrids h>dly equal+ o!rs ( its color & season4 ,x is an attractive grape 9 clu/] & b]ry & ( v good quality b q subject to rot & rip5+ too late = ! grape regions ( ?is latitude1 be+ z late z ,catawba4 ,9 giv+ 8 grapes names1 ,rog]s us$ ^? ( ,engli% or ,g]man horticultural or botanical celebrities & ( "s ( ! ,indian names ( c\nties & t[ns ( ,massa*usetts4 ,requa 0 d$icat$ by ,rog]s to a ,mr4 ,requa1 a horticulturi/ ( local note1 ( ,salem-on-,erie1 ,massa*usetts4 ,= an acc\nt ( ! p>5tage & e>ly hi/ory ( ?is v>iety see ,rog]s' ,hybrids4 ,9 #ahfi ?is v>iety 0 nam$ ,requa1 x hav+ be5 previ\sly kn[n z ,rog]s' ,no4 #bh4 ,!re appe> at pres5t to be two v>ieties pass+ "u ?is "n4 ,georgia1 ,texas & ,miss\ri report ?is v>iety z hav+ erect /am5s b 9 our v9ey>d x %[s only recurv$ /am5s4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 h>dy except 9 sev]e w9t]s1 m$ium 9 productiv5ess1 n always heal?y4 ,canes m$ium to long1 int]m$iate 9 numb] & ?ickness2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t1 trifid to bifid4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 d>k gre51 (t5 ?ick & rugose2 l[] surface grayi%-gre51 pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s /]ile to p>tly f]tile1 op5 late2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,catawba or e>li]1 keeps a long "t 9 good condition4 ,clu/]s l>ge to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 l5g? & wid?1 ne>ly cyl9drical1 (t5 ) a long s+le %\ld]1 compact4 ,b]ries m$ium to l>ge1 slightly oval to r\ndi%1 d>k dull r$ cov]$ ) ?9 gray or lilac bloom1 /rongly adh]5t1 n firm4 ,sk9 ?91 ne>ly t\gh1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp4 ,fle% v pale gre51 some:at t5d]1 r /r+y1 v9\s1 slightly foxy1 almo/ sweet f sk9 to c5t]1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s slightly adh]5t to ! pulp1 above m$ium to m$ium 9 size & l5g?1 (t5 r broad1 some:at blunt4 ,,ro*e/]4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #bc3fj4 #ahgh4 #b4 ,ib41 #bg3bb4 #ahhb4 #c4 ,b>ry1 #ahhc3ddb4 #d4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3cbi4 #ahij4 #e4 ,ib41 #aa3fcd4 #ahib4 #f4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3agc4 #g4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3ach4 #ahih4 #h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecd1 #edf1 #edg1 #eeb4 #ahih4 #i4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3da1 #dc1 #dd1 #de1 #ec4 #ahii4 #aj4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3age4 #ahii4 #aa4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bdj4 #aijb4 ,b>ry's ,no4 #ai 7#a74 ,ro*e/]1 z ! color-plate %[s1 is a l>ge-clu/]$1 r$ grape1 v h&some 9 appe>ance4 ,x is also v good 9 quality4 ,! v9e is a p>ticul>ly /rong gr[] & v productive & 9 ! locality 9 & ab\t ,ro*e/] at lea/1 v free f diseases4 ,x is s v vigor\s t x ne$s mu* room & long prun+4 ,! v>iety is difficult to propagate & !re=e n 9 favor ) nurs]ym51 & is to be _h1 if at all1 usually at extra exp5se4 ,! grapes are sweet1 ri*1 & v9\s1 rank+ f good to v good 9 quality4 ,! fruit1 h[ev]1 %\ld be us$ z soon z ripe1 z x does n keep well & ! b]ries quickly %att] f ! bun*4 ,z an attractive e>ly r$ grape ,ro*e/] is well wor? a place 9 ! g>d5 & possibly 9 favor$ locations = a special m>ket4 ,ellwang] ,b>ry ( ,ro*e/]1 ,monroe ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 9 #ahfg fruit$ ov] "o hundr$ se$l+ grapes :i* !y _h rais$ f mix$ se$ ( ,delaw>e1 ,diana1 ,concord1 & ,rebecca4 ,only two ( ^! se$l+s 7 f9ally sav$1 ! ,ro*e/] & ! ,monroe4 ,! ,ro*e/] 0 introduc$ by ! orig9ators ab\t #ahhj4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 usually h>dy1 m$ium to productive4 ,canes long1 int]m$iate 9 numb] & size1 d>k r$di%-br[n2 nodes mod]ately enl>g$1 slightly flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? small1 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 long1 bifid or trifid4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ro*e/] ,leaf-buds m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 %ort1 ( av]age ?ickness1 conical1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves t+$ on upp] & "u sides ) dull rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves m$ium to l>ge2 upp] surface light gre51 slightly glossy1 ne>ly smoo?2 l[] surface grayi%-gre51 pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 lobes none to ?ree ) t]m9us acute2 petiol> s9us deep to m$ium1 v>iable 9 wid?2 basal s9us abs5t2 lat]al s9us %all[ to a m]e not* :5 pres5t2 tee? %all[1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s e>li] ?an ,concord1 does n always rip5 ev5ly1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to m$ium1 ab\t av]age l5g?1 broad1 tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$ b sometimes heavily d\ble-%\ld]$1 v compact2 p$uncle %ort1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness2 p$icel %ort1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) few w>ts2 bru% ( m$ium l5g?1 sl5d]1 yell[i%-br[n4 ,b]ries above m$ium to small1 oval1 d>k r$ to purpli%-r$ b ! b]ries d n color uni=mly1 dull1 cov]$ ) ?91 lilac bloom1 incl9$ to drop f p$icel1 s(t4 ,sk9 ?ick to m$ium1 some:at t\gh1 incl9$ to crack sometimes on acc\nt ( compactness ( clu/]1 does n adh]e to pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transp>5t1 juicy1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 some:at v9\s & foxy1 sweet1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to ?ree1 av]age two1 l>ge1 m$ium to %ort1 r broad b (t5 blunt1 q v>iable1 h[ev]1 9 g5]al *>act]s1 m$ium to d>k br[n2 raphe buri$ 9 a slight groove2 *alaza ( av]age size1 above c5t]1 circul> to oval1 obscure4 ,,rockwood4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgd3aed4 #b4 ,an4 ,hort41 #ahhi3aja4 #c4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ad3bgi4 #ahie4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ajg4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecd1 #edh1 #eef4 #ahih4 #f4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3age4 #ahii4 #g4 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3gd1 #hh4 #aijj4 #h4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3di4 #aija4 #i4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bcg4 #aijb4 #aj4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijc3cj4 ,rockwood is a comp>atively unimportant black se$l+ ( ,concord & f ! orig9ator ( ,concord4 ,x is ( high] quality ?an its p>5t & s9ce x is e>li]1 com+ ) ,moore ,e>ly or j aft]1 x is wor?y a place 9 g>d5 collections z an e>ly black grape4 ,x has be5 ?or\ghly te/$ & disc>d$ z unpr(itable by comm]cial v9ey>di/s probably on acc\nt ( its v9e *>act]s :i* on our gr\nds are n z good z ^? ( ,concord & w\ld disqualify x = a m>ket v>iety4 ,9 appe>ance ! fruit is mu* l ,concord4 ,! v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,e4 ,w4 ,bull ( ,concord1 ,massa*usetts1 f se$ ( ,concord4 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 #ahhi by ,george ,s4 ,josselyn ( ,fr$onia1 ,new ,york4 ,,rog]s' ,,hybrids4 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bc3hf4 #aheg4 #b4 ,horticulturi/1 #ac3hf1 #aai4 #aheh4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfj3ce1 #he4 #d4 ,ib41 #ahfb3adh4 #e4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahfd3ace1 #acf1 #acg4 figs4 #f4 ,n4 ,y4 ,ag4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfe3cch4 figs4 #g4 ,horticulturi/1 #bj3ha4 #ahfe4 #h4 ,/rong1 #ahff3ca1 #cci4 #i4 ,mead1 #ahfg3bjd4 #aj4 ,full]1 #ahfg3bbh1 #bdf4 #aj4 ,rec4 ( ,hort41 #ahfh3df4 #aa4 ,horticulturi/1 #bd3abf4 #ahfi4 #ab4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3aec1 #aic1 fig41 #aid1 #bfb4 #ahfi4 #ac4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #e3bfa4 #ahfi4 #ad4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge3ci4 #ae4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3agc4 fig4 #af4 ,meehan's ,mon41 #i3id4 #ahii4 #ag4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aija3aff4 ,! =ty-five se$l+s kn[n z ,rog]s' ,hybrids 7 orig9at$ by ,edw>d ,s4 ,rog]s ( ,salem1 ,massa*usetts4#bji ,rog]s /ates t ! sugge/ion :i* />t$ him 9 ?is "w 0 an article by ,dr4 ,l9dley ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,london1 orig9ally pr9t$ 9 ! ,london ,horticulturi/ & repr9t$ 9 ,d[n+'s ,horticulturi/ = ,septemb]1 #ahdg4 ,?is article1 :i* is entitl$ ,rem>ks on ,hybridiz+ ,plants1 is a g5]al discussion ( ! results ( ?is practice s f> z !y 7 !n kn[n4 ,! female p>5t us$ by ,rog]s 0 a f\r or five ye> old1 l>ge-fruit$ ,labrusca kn[n locally z ,c>t] or ,mammo? ,globe1 & v simil> to1 b n id5tical ) ,sage4 ,! poll5 = f]tiliz+ ! blossoms ( ?is v9e 0 secur$ f v9es ( ,black ,hamburg & ,:ite ,*asselas gr[+ 9 a cold grap]y ne> by4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahea1 clu/]s ( ! ,c>t] 7 f]tiliz$ ) poll5 f ! ,v9if]a v9es bo? at ! "t ( emasculation & lat]1 & small cotton bags 7 ti$ on ! blossoms to prev5t ! int]f]5ce ( =eign poll54 ,9 addition to ! repeat$ applications ( poll5 to ! /igmas1 ,rog]s plac$ clu/]s ( blossoms ( ! ,v9if]a sorts 9 ! enclos+ sacks4 ,z a result ( ^! poll9ations1 he secur$ ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty se$s :i* 7 plant$ 9 ! g>d5 t fall4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #aheb practically e se$ g]m9at$1 b cut worms & o!r accid5ts r$uc$ ! numb] to =ty-five :i* f9ally fruit$4 ,^! 7 left to gr[ on poles :]e !y 7 orig9ally plant$ = ?ree ye>s1 :51 because ( cr[d+1 tw5ty-five ( !m 7 remov$ to ano!r "p ( ! g>d54 ,! untransplant$ v9es began to be> fruit 9 #ahef & ! transplant$ ones a few ye>s lat]4 ,! se$l+s 7 numb]$ by ,rog]s f "o to =ty-five & = a long "t !y 7 kn[n "u ^! numb]s4 ,( ^!1 "o to five inclusive 7 ( ! ,c>t]-,black ,hamburg cross2 six to f\rte5 inclusive 7 ( ! ,c>t]-,:ite ,*asselas cross2 & all ( ! numb]s f fifte5 to =ty-five 7 ( ,hamburg p>5tage4 ,z w be not$ "u ,salem1 ?is 0 lat] giv5 a numb] high] ?an =ty-five1 ow+ to ! confusion ( ! sort ) "s o!r aft] be+ s5t out4 ,) ?is exception1 ! orig9al crosses 7 all includ$ 9 ^! numb]s4 ,9 #aheh & #ahei1 ,rog]s s5t _m ( ^! v>ieties1 "u ! orig9al numb]s1 to v>i\s p = te/+4 ,he 0 compell$ to d ?is1 ow+ to lack ( room 9 ! half acre :i* compris$ ! ,rog]s' g>d51 to prop]ly te/ ! sorts himself4 ,( ?is g>d5 ,m>%all ,p4 ,wild] says3 ,x is #aej ye>s old2 a cold matt$ soil1 fill$ ) old apple & pe> trees1 currant bu%es1 flax1 & ev]y?+ m+l$ 9 toge!r4 ,x is 9 a close1 hiv$ up place 9 ! city ( ,salem1 & x is a wond] t he ev] _h a bun* ( grapes to %[4 ,un=tunately1 ?is dissem9ation l$ to ! confusion ( "s ( ! numb]s1 a confusion :i* has nev] be5 satisfactorily /raight5$ out4 ,9 #ahfg1 ,no4 #bb1 or #ec1 0 giv5 ! "n ,salem4 ,two ye>s lat] at ! e>ne/ reque/ ( a committee f ! ,lake ,%ore ,grape ,gr[]s' ,association1 ,rog]s gave names to sev]al ( 8 hybrids1 z li/$ bel[4 ,he /at$ t ! names select$ 7 ei!r ^? ( p]sons not$ = sci5tific or lit]>y atta9m5ts1 or else ( c\nties & t[ns 9 ,massa*usetts4 ,!re 0 "s criticism at ! "t f ^? :o ?\ght !re 7 o!r numb]s z well des]v+ ( names z ^? :i* 7 s di/+ui%$4 ,& x mu/ be admitt$ t ! v9es ( ?is collection are rem>kably equal 9 _! possession ( good & bad *>act]s4 ,ab\t #ahgj1 ,bu% ( ,bu%b]g1 ,miss\ri1 receiv$ ?ree sorts z ,rog]s' ,no4 #ci4 ,"o ( ^! :i* 0 p>ticul>ly promis+1 he1 ) ,rog]s' cons5t1 nam$ ,am9ia4 ,none ( ! o!rs has ev] be5 nam$1 al?\gh sev]al ( !m are /ill cultivat$ to a m9or ext5t4 ,! nam$ v>ieties1 ) ! correspond+ numb]s1 are z foll[s3 #a4 ,goe!4 #c4 ,massasoit4 #d4 ,wild]4 #i4 ,l9dley4 #ad4 ,ga]tn]4 #ae4 ,agawam4 #ai4 ,m]rimac4 #bh4 ,requa4 #ci4 ,am9ia4 #da4 ,essex4 #dc4 ,b>ry4 #dd4 ,h]b]t4 #ec or #bb4 ,salem 7b n ! ,salem n[ kn[n74 ,= "s ye>s1 _m grape-gr[]s believ$ t ^! hybrids 7 no?+ m ?an se$l+s ( ! wild ,labrusca "m b x 0 soon g5]ally accept$ t !y 7 g5u9e hybrids4 ,to ^? :o are famili> ) ,rog]s' "w1 ?is 0 evid5t f ! fir/1 z ! ,c>t] or ,mammo? ,globe is a self-/]ile sort1 & ! sacks enclos+ ! blossoms w\ld prev5t ! introduction ( o!r poll5 ?an t int5tionally plac$ on ! /igmas by ,rog]s himself4 ,a4 ,d4 ,rog]s1 a bro!r ( ,e4 ,s4 ,rog]s1 9 a communication to ! ,horticulturi/1 9 #aheh1 says t _m ( ^! se$l+s _h upright /am5s1 b ( ! ones :i* 7 lat] nam$1 ,agawam alone is ?us *>act]iz$4 ,?is is important 9 consid]+ ! value ( ^! v>ieties1 z no v>iety has ev] become popul> z a m>ket sort :i* is self-/]ile4 ,rog]s' ,hybrids are unique 9 t ! /&>d ( excell5ce 0 s high 9 all ( ! =ty-five se$l+s produc$4 ,"s h cr$it$ ?is to ! mann] 9 :i* he did 8 "w & 9 p>ticul> to ! excess ( poll5 appli$ to ! /igmas2 o!rs consid] x m likely due to 8 *oice ( p>5t v9es4 ,un=tunately ! evid5ce be>+ on ?is po9t is n suffici5t to =m def9ite conclusions4 ,aft] ! production ( ! se$l+s m5tion$ above ,rog]s cont9u$ ! "w1 recross+ ! v>ieties already produc$ ) v>i\s ,v9if]a v>ieties4 ,none ( ^! ev] %[$ suffici5t promise to be introduc$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rommel ,,rommel4 7,labrusca1 ,rip>ia1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,an4 ,hort41 #ahhi3aja4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahij3aag4 #c4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ac3fjf4 #ahid4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3agd4 fig4 #e4 ,husmann1 #ahie3abe4 #f4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #gc3ahb4 #ahig4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ece1 #edh1 #eef4 #ahih4 #h4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaea1 #aafb4 #ahih4 fig4 #i4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3da1 #db1 #dd1 #de1 #ec1 #gf4 #ahii4 #aj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahii3ca4 #aa4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bga1 #bhj4 #aijj4 ,rommel is r>ely f\nd "u cultivation 9 ,new ,york1 lack+ some:at 9 robu/ness1 h>d9ess & productiv5ess1 & be+ v susceptible to ! leaf-hopp]4 ,! v>iety comes f ,munson ( ,d5ison1 ,texas1 & is seem+ly too f> remov$ f ! w>m climate 9 :i* x orig9at$ to be pr(itable 9 ,new ,york4 ,besides ! defects nam$ above1 x does n atta9 its natural high quality 9 ?is latitude & ! grapes crack badly z !y rip54 ,! bun* & b]ry are attractive 9 =m1 size & color z %[n 9 ! color-plate1 ?\gh ! illu/ration does n d ju/ice to ! size ( ! bun*1 ! season ( #aijh1 9 :i* ! fruit 0 produc$1 hav+ be5 cold & wet & !re=e v unfavorable to ?is v>iety4 ,at its be/1 ,rommel is a v good table grape & ! au?orities say makes a v f9e :ite w9e4 ,! v>iety is ( int]e/ to ! /ud5t ( grapes f ! /&po9t ( its bre$+1 hav+ v l>gely ! v9e *>act]s ( its mat]nal p>5t1 ,elvira1 ) some:at bett] fruit4 ,! "n commemorates ! s]vice to viticulture ( ,jacob ,rommel ( ,morrison1 ,miss\ri4 ,t4 ,v4 ,munson orig9at$ ,rommel 9 #ahhe & introduc$ x 9 #ahhi4 ,! p>5ts are ,elvira poll9at$ by ,triumph4 ,rommel 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahii4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 m$ium to productive1 susceptible to injury by leaf-hopp]s4 ,canes m$ium to long1 mod]ately num]\s1 ?ick to m$ium1 light to d>k r$di%-br[n1 surface some:at r\gh2 nodes enl>g$1 (t5 flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to %ort2 diaphragm ?ick or ne>ly s2 pi? m$ium to l>ge2 %oots slightly glabr\s2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 m$ium to long1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds int]m$iate 9 size & ?ickness1 %ort to m$ium1 prom95t1 obtuse to conical1 op5 v late4 ,"y leaves t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) light rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves m$ium to above 9 size1 r\ndi%1 ?ick2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 rugose2 l[] surface pale gre51 ne>ly free f pubesc5ce b slightly hairy2 leaf usually n lob$ ) t]m9us acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us m$ium to deep1 n>r[1 (t5 clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us lack+2 lat]al s9us v %all[ :5 pres5t2 tee? m$ium to deep1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s semi-f]tile1 op5 mod]ately late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s 9 mid-season1 %ips & keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 above m$ium to %ort1 mod]ately broad1 cyl9drical to slightly tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 compact to m$ium2 p$uncle long to m$ium1 ?ick2 p$icel ( av]age l5g?1 sl5d]1 usually smoo?2 bru% %ort1 pale gre54 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 oblate to r\ndi%1 frequ5tly compress$ on acc\nt ( compactness ( clu/]1 light gre5 ) yell[ t+e1 glossy1 cov]$ ) a mod]ate am\nt ( gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm1 b break+ easily "u pressure4 ,sk9 ?91 cracks badly1 m$ium to t5d]1 adh]es v slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 )\t a/r+5cy4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 juicy1 t5d] & melt+1 slightly /r+y1 sweet to agreeably t>t at c5t]1 v>iable 9 quality b ranks fair to good1 appe>s to be bett] 9 "s locations4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age two1 m$ium 9 size & l5g?1 r broad1 %>p-po9t$1 v plump1 br[ni%2 raphe buri$ 9 a some:at wide groove2 *alaza int]m$iate 9 size1 above c5t]1 oval to circul>1 indi/9ct4 ,r4 ,w4 ,,munson4 7,l9cecumii1 ,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mi*4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahic3aah4 #b4 ,husmann1 #ahie3abf4 #c4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bhj4 #aijj4 #d4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3di4 #aija4 #e4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fj3fad1 #gbf4 #aija4 #f4 ,ib41 #fb3gij1 #hhf4 #aijc4 #g4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijd3bci4 ,r4 ,w4 ,munson1 f ,texas1 is a some:at promis+ v>iety = ! ,nor? = its intr9sic value1 & is c]ta9ly int]e/+ f ! /&po9t ( its bre$+ z x gives ,nor!rn gr[]s a grape ) a g5]\s admixture ( ,l9cecumii blood4 ,its sev]al ess5tial v9e *>act]s are v good ?\gh x is self-/]ile & ne$s a companion v>iety :i* produces an abundance ( poll54 ,concord & ,brilliant are recomm5d$ by ! orig9ator z notable poll5iz]s4 ,r4 ,w4 ,munson is p>ticul>ly resi/ant to black-rot1 mak+ x valuable = regions :]e ?is fungus is a sc\rge4 ,! fruit is sweet1 juicy & v pleasantly flavor$1 ) t5d] pulp1 & :ile n ( ! highe/ quality yet a mo/ pleas+ & p>ticul>ly refre%+ grape4 ,! v>iety is well wor?y m ext5sive trial 9 ,new ,york4 ,t4 ,v4 ,munson ( ,d5ison1 ,texas1 rais$ ! orig9al v9e ( ,r4 ,w4 ,munson f se$ ( ,big ,b]ry 7a v>iety ( ,po/-oak7 poll9at$ by ,triumph4 ,! se$ 0 plant$ 9 #ahhg & ! result+ v>iety introduc$ by ! orig9ator 9 ! fall ( #ahid4 ,v9e vigor\s1 d\btfully h>dy1 productive1 heal?y4 ,canes m$ium to ne>ly long1 int]m$iate 9 numb]1 ?ick to m$ium1 d>k r$2 int]nodes m$ium to long2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid4 ,leaves heal?y4 ,fl[]s /]ile or ne>ly s1 op5 late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s bel[ m$ium to small1 r %ort1 (t5 s+le-%\ld]$1 compact to m$ium4 ,b]ries m$ium to l>ge1 slightly oblate1 dull black cov]$ ) a m$ium am\nt ( blue bloom1 incl9$ to %att] consid]ably1 n v firm4 ,sk9 ?91 v>iable 9 t\ghness1 n a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 r t5d] :5 fully ripe1 peculi>ly v9\s1 ne>ly sweet at sk9 to agreeably t>t at c5t]1 slightly spicy & ) "s ,po/-oak flavor1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 r num]\s1 int]m$iate 9 size1 l5g?1 & wid?4 ,raphe obscure 9 a v %all[ groove2 *alaza slightly above c5t]1 oval2 obscure4 ,,sage4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,all51 #ahdh3acd4 #b4 ,horticulturi/1 #f3ege4 #ahea4 ,ib41 #g3hg1 #ajh4 #aheb4 #d4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahec3cjj1 #cja4 #e4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bd3ia4 #aheh4 #f4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahei3dh1 #ee1 #ff4 #g4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfd3acd4 #h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,ag4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfe3ccg4 fig4 #i4787 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aea4 ,mammo? 7#g1 #h74 8,,mammo? ,,sage 7#i74 ,sage 7#g1 #h74 ,globe 7#h74 ,?is v>iety1 :i* is v>i\sly kn[n "u ! names ,sage1 ,mammo? ,sage1 ,mammo?1 & ,globe1 is ( int]e/ because x repres5ts a type ( l>ge-fruit$1 e>ly-rip5+ ,labruscas :i* h be5 us$ frequ5tly by bre$]s z ! native p>5t 9 a ,v9if]a cross4 ,a v>iety simil> to ?is 0 us$ 9 p>ticul> by ,e4 ,s4 ,rog]s z ! "m plant 9 mak+ 8 notable crosses4 ,!y h also be5 us$ by ,:ite & o!rs4 ,! orig9al v9e 0 a *ance se$l+ f\nd by ,h5ry ,e4 ,sage ab\t #ahaa on ! banks ( a small /ream ne> ,portl&1 ,connecticut4 ,! v>iety 0 fir/ br\ght to public notice by ,john ,fiske ,all5 9 #ahdh ?r\gh a v laudatory description :i* 0 mu* criticis$ by ^? :o object$ to ! foxy aroma ( ! ,sage b z w>mly def5d$ by o!rs :o lik$ ! fox9ess4 ,! v>iety 0 lat] adv]tis$ & s5t out by ! ,%ak] community at ,h>v>d1 ,worce/] ,c\nty1 ,massa*usetts4 ,)9 a few ye>s x seems to h be5 dissem9at$ ?r\gh\t ea/]n ,new ,engl&1 & 0 p>ticul>ly acceptable 9 ^? sections :]e ,isabella fail$ to rip54 ,!re is no evid5ce t x 0 ev] plant$ except 9 g>d5s4 ,) ! introduction ( ,concord & o!r e>ly v>ieties ( high] quality ! cultivation ( ! ,sage 0 dropp$4 ,x is probably n[ obsolete4 ,! be/ description we h ( ,sage is ! foll[+1 copi$ f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report = #ahfd3 ,x is mu* l mo/ ( ! wild ,fox grapes ( ?is vic9ity1 ,massa*usetts b ! b]ries are mu* l>g]1 light *e/nut or mahogany color1 & !y h a flatt5$ or compress$ %ape1 in/ead ( be+ r\nd1 frequ5tly an in* 9 diamet]4 ,! bun* is small ) ?ree to six b]ries 9 a r\nd1 ball-l clu/]1 ) sometimes a side /em ) "o b]ry at ! end ( x = a %\ld]4 ,! /em ( ! bun* is n v long4 ,! leaves usually are 'entire' ) a %ort po9t$ t]m9ation at ! end ( ! midrib1 & two o!r po9ts ( ! o!r divisions into :i* all ,am]ican leaves are divid$1 mak+ always ei!r pla9ly1 or 9 ! rudim5tal /ate1 five lobes4 ,?us ! leaves are n mu* lob$1 sc>cely too!d1 & h a ru/y1 woolly appe>ance4 ,! "y wood1 la/ season's gr[?1 is h>d & wiry & cov]$ ) bri/les4 ,! grape itself is sweet1 b has a h>d pulp1 t "s comp>e to a piece ( ,india-rubb] :5 eat+ x4 ,x is e>ly1 & p]fectly h>dy1 z mu* s z any wild grape 9 ?is vic9ity4 ,,/4 ,,l\is4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahii3ed4 #b4 ,ia4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aije3aff4 #c4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,sp4 ,bul41 #cj3aa4 #aije4 ,z ,/4 ,l\is gr[s on ! ,/ation gr\nds x is s simil> to ,word5 & ,concord t x w\ld seem to be sup]flu\s 9 ! grape li/ ( ! ,/ate4 ,b ! v>iety is s highly recomm5d$ 9 ! ,we/1 especially 9 ! /ates f :i* ! above ref]5ces come1 t x is possibly wor?y ( trial 9 ! grape regions ( ,new ,york z an e>ly type ( ,concord4 ,/4 ,l\is 0 introduc$ by ,h5ry ,wallis ( ,well/on1 ,miss\ri1 ab\t #ahig4 ,9 #aijj1 he /ates t x is a se$l+ ( ,concord1 0 orig9at$ 9 ,/4 ,l\is1 & t x _h creat$ a s5sation = tw5ty ye>s 9 ! ,/4 ,l\is m>kets4 ,! g5]al "* ( bo? fruit & v9e corroborates ! ,concord p>5tage ?\gh ! frequ5tly int]mitt5t t5drils indicate !re is a /ra9 ( o!r ?an ,labrusca blood pres5t4 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 m$ium to productive4 ,canes long to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 numb]1 (t5 r ?ick1 m$ium br[n to ne>ly d>k r$di%-br[n deep5+ 9 color at ! nodes1 cov]$ ) consid]able pubesc5ce2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves v l>ge to m$ium1 v>iable 9 color1 ?ick2 l[] surface grayi%-:ite t+$ ) bronze2 heavily pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s f]tile or ne>ly s1 op5 m$ium e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord1 or slightly e>li]1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 r broad1 usually s+le-%\ld]$ b occasionally ) a d\ble %\ld]1 m$ium to compact4 ,b]ries ne>ly l>ge to m$ium1 r\ndi%1 dull black1 cov]$ ) ?ick blue bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 ( av]age ?ickness & t\ghness4 ,fle% t\gh1 foxy1 sweet at sk9 to slightly acid at c5t]1 good 9 quality ) a slight resemblance to ,concord4 ,se$s d n sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 m$ium to above 9 size & wid?1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?4 ,,salem4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfb3adh4 #b4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfe3af4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfg3aad4 #d4 ,mead1 #ahfg3bbb4 #e4 ,rec4 ( ,hort41 #ahfh3df4 #f4 ,n4 ,y4 ,ag4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfh3bbh4 #g4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #cd3g4 #ahfh4 #h4 ,horticulturi/1 #bd3ach4 #ahfi4 fig4 #i4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3aej1 #aha1 #cbg4 #ahfi4 #aj4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #e3bfd4 #ahfi4 #aa4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfi3db4 #ab4 ,grape ,cult41 #b3adh1 #adi1 fig41 #bih4 #ahgj4 #ac4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgg3bje4 #ad4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3db1 #ach4 #ae4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3cbi4 #ahij4 #af4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfa4 #ahic4 #ag4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3ahg4 #ahif4 #ah4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ece1 #edb1 #edc1 #edd1 #edh1 #eec4 #ahih4 #ai4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3age4 #ahii4 ,,rog]s' ,,no4 #bb 7#a1 #b74 ,rog]s' ,no4 #bb 7#c1 #e1 #f1 #i1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ae74 ,rog]s' ,no4 #ec 7#d1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ae1 #ag74 ,salem is ! "o ( ,rog]s' hybrids ( :i* ! orig9ator is said to h ?\ght mo/ & to :i* he gave ! "n ( 8 place ( resid5ce4 ,tak+ all ( its *>act]s1 ! v>iety is z close an approximation to ! ideal ,rog]s _h 9 m9d ( a ,european grape & an ,am]ican v9e z any "o ( ! score or m ( 8 hybrids4 ,salem ranks among ! be/ ( ^! hybrids = ei!r ! g>d5 or ! comm]cial v9ey>d1 & :ile commonly f\nd 9 bo? x has n be5 suffici5tly recogniz$ by ^? :o gr[ grapes = ! m>ket4 ,x is difficult to say :y x is n m l>gely gr[n z a m>ket fruit 9 ,new ,york4 ,! two *ief faults1 unproductiv5ess & susceptibility to mildew1 are n f\nd 9 all localities1 & 9 ^! at lea/ & especially ne> good m>kets1 ,salem ought to take high rank z a comm]cial fruit4 ,z comp>$ ) o!r hybrids ( ,v9if]a & ,labrusca1 ,salem is e>ly1 h>dy1 vigor\s & fairly productive ( h&some fruit ( high quality bo? = table & = w9e-mak+4 ,?\gh ! color-plate does n %[ x1 !re is a sugge/ion 9 bun* & b]ry ( ,black ,hamburg1 ! pat]nal p>5t4 ,s1 too1 !re is su* a sugge/ion 9 ! flavor & ! keep+ quality &1 z ) ! p>5t1 ! fruit nei!r cracks nor %att]s & !re=e %ips well4 ,to ! two faults nam$ above mu/ be add$ t ( pulp9ess ( b]ry1 a defect common to _m hybrids ( ! two species repres5t$ 9 ,salem4 ,x is useless to recomm5d = te/+ v>ieties t h be5 kn[n z long & z widely gr[n z ,salem b x is wor? :ile1 is almo/ a duty1 9 a "w ( ?is k9d to urge fur!r trials ( "s ( ! grapes ( highe/ quality1 z ,salem1 on a comm]cial basis4 ,su* fruit prop]ly gr[n1 pack$1 & plac$ 9 ! m>ket ought to br+ remun]ative prices4 ,?is "o ( ,rog]s' hybrids is ,no4 #bb ( 8 ,v9if]a-,labrusca crosses4 ,x e>ly attract$ favorable att5tion f ! v>i\s cultivators :o _h receiv$ v9es f ! orig9ator = te/+4 ,x 0 *ri/5$ ,salem by ,rog]s 9 #ahfg1 two ye>s e>li] ?an 8 o!r hybrids 7 nam$4 ,at ab\t ?is "t1 ow+ to a confusion ( ?is v>iety ) "s o!r1 & *>ges t c]ta9 p>ties 7 s5d+ out a black grape "u ! "n ,rog]s' ,no4 #bb1 ,rog]s *ang$ ! numb] ( ,salem to #ec4 ,salem 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahfi & 0 remov$ 9 #ahga1 re9/at$ 9 #ahgc1 & has s9ce be5 reta9$4 ,x is possible t ! dropp+ ( ! "n f ! catalog = ! "o ye> 0 a pr9t]'s ov]sight z !re is no?+ 9 ! body ( ! text to indicate a reason = su* action4 ,salem has always be5 "o ( ! mo/ popul> ( ,rog]s' hybrids & x is (f]$ = sale to-day by practically all grape nurs]ym54 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 unusually h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess1 susceptible to sev]e attacks ( mildew4 ,canes long1 ( av]age numb]1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 light to d>k br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 usually n flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to above 9 l5g?2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? m$ium to above 9 size2 %oots slightly pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t1 long to m$ium1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds r l>ge1 ( av]age size1 ?ick to m$ium1 (t5 compress$1 r\ndi%1 obtuse to conical1 op5 e>ly4 ,"y leaves fa9tly t+$ on l[] side ) slight rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves v>iable 9 size1 m$ium to ?92 upp] surface d>k gre51 dull1 ( m$ium smoo?ness2 l[] surface pale gre5 ) slight bronze t+e1 pubesc5t2 ve9s mod]ately di/9ct2 lobes none to ?ree ) t]m9us acute2 petiol> s9us deep1 n>r[1 (t5 clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us lack+2 lat]al s9us %all[1 n>r[1 (t5 not*$2 tee? int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s reflex$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,salem ,fruit rip5s slightly be=e ,concord1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 r %ort & broad1 tap]+ to cyl9drical1 frequ5tly heavily s+le-%\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 ?ick2 p$icel m$ium to %ort1 ?ick1 cov]$ ) few small w>ts1 enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to b]ry2 bru% %ort1 pale gre54 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 r\ndi%1 v d>k r$1 dull1 cov]$ ) a m$ium am\nt ( blue bloom1 decid$ly p]si/5t1 s(t4 ,sk9 ?ick1 int]m$iate 9 t\ghness1 adh]es /rongly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% slightly transluc5t1 juicy1 t5d]1 some:at /r+y1 mod]ately f9e-gra9$1 incl9$ to v9\s1 sprightly1 sweet at sk9 b acid at c5t]1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s "o to six1 av]age f\r1 l>ge1 long & broad1 blunt1 br[ni%2 raphe %[s z a di/9ct cord-l ridge2 *alaza small1 r\gh5$ & frequ5tly ) radiat+ furr[s1 mu* above c5t]1 v>iable 9 %ape1 di/9ct4 ,,scupp]nong4#baj 7,rotundifolia47 #a4 ,am]4 ,f>m]1 #a3cag4 #ahai4 #b4 ,ib41 #c3ccb4 #ahbb4 #c4 ,ib41 #i3bi1 #cj4 #ahbg4 #d4 ,ib41 #i3aci4 #ahbg4 #e4 ,pr9ce1 #ahcj3afg4 #f4 ,ib41 #ahcj3agj4 #g4 ,d[n+1 #ahde3beh4 #h4 ,horticulturi/1 #ab3deg4 #aheg4 #i4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #aheg3bca4 #aj4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #e3gc1 #gd4 #ahfc4 #aa4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3ch1 #bhj1 #bib4 #ahfi4 #ab4 ,ib41 #c3fj4 #ahga4 #ac4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahga3af4 #ad4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3dj1 #fh1 #adg1 #aec1 #aee4 #ae4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #bh3adj1 #agc4 #ahhf4 #af4 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bi3ah4 #ahia4 #ag4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3agg4 fig4 #ah4 ,am4 ,g>d41 #bj3fhh4 #ahii4 #ai4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3di1 #ei4 #aija4 #bj4 ,n4 ,c4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ahg3eh1 #fj4 #aijc4 #ba4 ,s4 ,c4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #acb3ah4 #aijg4 ,am]ican ,muscad9e 7#e1 #aj1 ( ! ,s\? #g74 ,bull 7#i1 #ag1 ( ! ,s\? #g74 ,bullace 7#i1 #ag74 ,bullet 7#ag1 ( ! ,s\? #g74 ,fox grape ( ! ,s\? 7#g74 ,,gre5 ,,scupp]nong 7#f74 ,gre5 ,muscad9e 7#f74 ,,hickman 7#c74 ,hickman 7#e1 #aj74 ,muscad9e 7#i74 ,,roanoke 7#d74 ,roanoke 7#e1 #aj1 #ag1 ( ! ,s\? #g74 ,scupp]nong 7#c1 #d1 #e74 ,:ite ,muscad9e 7#aa1 #ag74 ,,:ite ,,scupp]nong 7#e74 ,wild gre5 ,muscad9e 7#f74 ,yell[ ,muscad9e 7#ag74 ,! ,scupp]nong is preem95tly ! grape ( ! ,s\?4 ,x is ! *ief repres5tative ( ! great species ,vitis rotundifolia1 :i* runs riot 9 natural luxuriance f ,delaw>e & ,m>yl& to ! ,gulf1 & we/w>d f ! ,atlantic to ,arkansas & ,texas4 ,! "n ,scupp]nong 0 tak5 f ! ,indians & is n[ common 9 ! geography ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a2 a riv]1 a t[n1 a lake1 & a swamp all be> ?is appellation4 ,calv9 ,jones1 an agriculturi/ ( note 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a dur+ ! e>ly "p ( ! la/ c5tury1 gives ! foll[+ hi/ory ( ! "n z appli$ to ! grape x n[ di/+ui%es3#baa ,?is grape w9e _h ! "n ( ,scupp]nong giv5 to !m by ,h5d]son myself1 9 complim5t to ,james ,bl\nt ( ,scupp]nong1 :o fir/ diffus$ a g5]al k ( x 9 sev]al well writt5 communications 9 our pap]--& x is cultivat$ ) m success on t riv] ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ! /ate1 p]haps1 except ! ,isl& ( ,roanoke4 ,scupp]nong is said to h be5 f\nd on ,roanoke ,isl& at ! "t ( ! l&+ ( ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh's colony4 ,!re is a tradition t an old v9e n[ gr[+ on ?is isl& is ! orig9al v9e4 ,at an e>ly day x 0 q common to propagate ,scupp]nong by se$1 pull+ out all v9es be>+ black fruit z soon z ! color ( ! fruit c\ld be det]m9$4 ,because ( ?is practice x is probable t !re are _m sem9al v>ieties "u ! g5]al "n ,scupp]nong4 ,all t seems to be requir$ = a grape to pass "u ?is "n is t ! v9e %\ld be a ,rotundifolia & ! fruit :ite4 ,9 ! horticultural acc\nts ( ! hi/ory ( ,scupp]nong x is commonly spok5 ( z hav+ be5 f\nd wild dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,b ,lawson1 writ+ ab\t #agjj1 9 ! acc\nt quot$ on page #cg ( ?is "w1 describes ) suffici5t accuracy a :ite ,rotundifolia :i* c\ld h>dly be any o!r ?an ! ,scupp]nong4 ,x is1 ?us1 9 a s5se1 a botanical z well z a horticultural v>iety4 ,its close relation%ip to ! black =m ( ,rotundifolia is atte/$ by ! fact t its se$l+s are z (t51 probably m (t51 black ?an :ite4 ,t ,scupp]nong is m di/9ct ?an ! o!r v>ieties ( ,rotundifolia is indicat$ by ! fact t ( ! t5 cultivat$ v>ieties ( ,rotundifolia n[ gr[n 9 ! ,s\?1 ,james1 ,?omas1 ,ed51 ,meis*1 ,fl[]s1 ,memory1 ,se$l91 ,t5d]pulp1 ,jet]1 & ,scupp]nong z giv5 by ,newman1#bab all are black b ! la/ nam$4 ,scupp]nong v9es are to be f\nd on arbors1 9 g>d5s1 or half wild1 on trees & f5ces on ne>ly e f>m 9 ! ,s\? ,atlantic ,/ates4 ,z a rule1 ^! v9es receive little cultivation1 are unprun$1 & are giv5 no c>e ( any k9d1 b ev5 "u neglect !y produce l>ge & sure crops1 are almo/ immune to mildew1 rot1 phyllox]a1 or o!r fungal or insect pe/s4 ,! plants give n only an abundance ( fruit b on arbors & trellises are mu* priz$ = _! %ade & beauty4 ,! gr[? ( ! v9e is prodigi\s2 seem+ly well au!nticat$ reports /ate t v9es are kn[n :i* cov] an acre ( l&2 o!r tales1 hav+ at lea/ ! semblance ( tru?1 are equally m>vell\s4 ,?us !re are acc\nts ( v9es ( ?is v>iety ov] a hundr$ ye>s old & :i* be> #ejj bu%els ( fruit & make #bjjj gallons ( w9e4 ,! fruit1 to a palate accu/om$ to o!r grapes1 is n v acceptable1 hav+ a musky flavor & a some:at repugnant odor1 :i*1 h[ev]1 becomes ) famili>ity1 x is said1 q agreeable4 ,! pulp is sweet & juicy b is lack+ 9 sprightl9ess4 ,f ! ,scupp]nong are made sev]al v good w9es & x w\ld seem t ! future ( ?is & o!r v>ieties ( ,rotundifolia1 f a comm]cial /&po9t1 lies l>gely 9 _! value = w9e4 ,q aside f ! quality ( ! fruit z a table grape1 !y are n suitable = ! m>ket f ! fact t ! b]ries drop f ! bun* 9 rip5+ & become m or less sme>$ ) juice s t z !y are br\ght into m>ket 9 quantity1 _! appe>ance is n at all appetiz+4 ,v9e vigor\s to rank1 n h>dy 9 ! ,nor?1 v productive4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 sl5d]1 v>y f a%-gray to grayi%-br[n2 surface smoo?1 ?ickly cov]$ ) small1 light br[n dots2 pi? gre5i%2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 simple4 ,leaves small1 ?92 upp] surface light gre51 smoo?2 l[] surface v pale gre51 slightly pubesc5t along ! ribs1 o!rwise smoo?2 ve9s inconspicu\s4 ,fl[]s op5 v late2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s late1 ev5 9 ! ,s\?1 (t5 rip5+ unev5ly1 appe>s to keep well b b]ries drop z !y mature4 ,clu/]s small1 r\ndi%1 n %\ld]$1 loose4 ,b]ries v few p] clu/]1 l>ge1 r\ndi%1 dull gre5 (t5 ) br[n t+e1 n p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 v ?ick & t\gh1 cov]$ ) _m small russet dots2 no pigm5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 juicy1 t5d] & s(t1 f9e-gra9$1 v foxy1 sweet to agreeably t>t1 fair to good 9 quality4 ,se$s slightly adh]5t to pulp1 l>ge1 m$ium to %ort1 (t5 v broad1 n not*$1 q blunt1 plump1 surface unusually smoo?1 br[ni%2 raphe buri$ 9 a n>r[1 %all[ groove2 *alaza small1 ne>ly c5tral1 elongat$1 r obscure4 ,mu/ #hh4 ,,secret>y4 7,v9if]a1 ,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,grape ,cult41 #b3aeh4 #ahgj4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahga3da1 #aab4 #c4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgb3id4 #d4 ,horticulturi/1 #bi3cbh4 #ahgd4 #e4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgf-g3cb4 #f4 ,n4 ,j4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3aa4 #g4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #bg3ba4 #ahhb4 #h4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ace4 fig4 #i4 ,mass4 ,hat* ,/a4 ,bul41 #cg3aa1 #af4 #ahif4 #aj4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaea1 #aafb4 #ahih4 #aa4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agf4 #ahii4 #ab4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3da4 #ahia4 ,injur$ by mildew & rot :i* ne>ly e ye> attack leaves1 fruit & "y wood1 ,secret>y is able only 9 exceptional seasons & 9 favor$ localities to produce a crop ( good grapes4 ,nev]!less x has _m excell5t qualities z an amateur grape & %\ld n be lo/ to cultivation4 ,! fact t x is ! result ( ! fecundation ( a ,rip>ia by a ,v9if]a1 bo? p>5ts be+ excell5t v>ieties1 gives ,secret>y add$ int]e/ & value & makes its p]petuation /ill fur!r wor? :ile4 ,!re is no "q z to ! rank ( ! fruit *>act]s ( ,secret>y4 ,tak5 toge!r !y make x a grape ( exceptionally high quality1 ! b]ries be+ meaty yet juicy1 f9e-gra9$ & t5d] ) a sweet1 spicy1 v9\s flavor4 ,! bun*es are l>ge1 well =m$ ) m$ium-siz$1 purpli%-black b]ries cov]$ ) ?ick bloom1 mak+ a v h&some clu/]4 ,:ile ! v9e & foliage some:at resemble ^? ( ,cl9ton1 "o ( its p>5ts1 ! v>iety is n ne>ly z h>dy1 vigor\s or productive nor z heal?y1 fall+ %ort 9 all ( ^! respects & mak+ its culture 9 ,new ,york prec>i\s4 ,moreov]1 9 any b favor$ localities 9 ?is ,/ate1 its maturity is some:at unc]ta94 ,^! defects ( v9e h kept ,secret>y f becom+ ( comm]cial importance & make x ( value only to ! amateur4 ,secret>y is "o ( ! fir/ productions ( ,ricketts ( ,newburgh4 ,he grew ! orig9al v9e f se$ ( ,cl9ton f]tiliz$ by ,muscat ,hamburg4 ,plant$ 9 #ahfg1 x is said to h borne a little fruit :5 "o ye> old f ! se$4 ,specim5s ( ! v>iety 7 exhibit$ be=e ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahga4 ,ricketts sold ! v>iety ab\t #ahge to ,s4 ,w4 ,und]hill ( ,croton ,po9t1 ,new ,york1 :o introduc$ x a few ye>s lat]4 ,on acc\nt ( its _m weak po9ts x has nev] be5 popul> & x is app>5tly n (f]$ = sale by any ( ! nurs]ym5 to-day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s5asqua ,v9e n uni=m 9 vigor1 d\btfully h>dy1 q v>iable 9 productiv5ess1 incl9$ to be an unc]ta9 be>]1 subject to attacks ( fungi4 ,canes m$ium to bel[ 9 l5g?1 num]\s1 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 light br[n b conspicu\sly d>k] at nodes1 surface cov]$ ) ?9 blue bloom2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 bifid4 ,leaves small to m$ium1 ?92 upp] surface light gre51 ne>ly dull1 smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 almo/ glabr\s2 ve9s indi/9ct4 ,fl[]s semi-f]tile1 op5 e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s soon aft] ,concord1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 long to m$ium1 ( av]age wid?1 cyl9drical to tap]+1 frequ5tly ) a m$ium to l>ge s+le %\ld]1 v>iable 9 compactness b (t5 loose & ) _m abortive fruits4 ,b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 r\ndi% to oval1 some:at flatt5$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to p$icel1 d>k purpli%-black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) ?ick blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 t\gh ) w9e-color$ pigm5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 v9\s1 sweet1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate readily f ! pulp1 m$ium to ne>ly l>ge1 broad to m$ium1 slightly not*$1 long to above m$ium1 d>k br[n2 raphe %[s z a mod]ately di/9ct cord2 *alaza small1 above c5t]1 di/9ctly oval4 ,mu/ #ic4 ,,s5asqua4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfh3aj4 #b4 ,d[n+1 #ahgb3abj app4 #c4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #h3i4 #ahgj4 fig4 #d4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahge3chd4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ach4 fig4 #f4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3cbg4 #ahij4 #g4 ,ib41 #aa3fcf4 #ahib4 #h4 ,ib41 #ag3ece1 #edf1 #edg4 #ahih4 #i4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3di4 #aija4 ,x is almo/ a suffici5t *>act]ization ( ,s5asqua to say t x is a ,labrusca-,v9if]a hybrid4 ,! m]its & dem]its ( ! cross-bre$s ( ^! two species are s simil> 9 ! v>ieties ( !m n[ 9 cultivation t !y c be plac$ 9 a gr\p hav+ z few v>iations z c be f\nd 9 ! p>5t species4 ,! *>act]s ( ^! hybrid grapes h be5 well discuss$ 9 writ+ ( ! v>ieties s5t out by ,rog]s & ! place ( ,s5asqua is well designat$ :5 ! /atem5t is made t x is v simil> to ,rog]s' hybrids4 ,! v9e lacks some:at 9 vigor1 h>d9ess1 productiv5ess & heal?4 ,! grapes are ( good quality & :5 well gr[n ! v>iety is up to ! av]age ( su* hybrids 9 fruit *>act]s s f> z ! palate is conc]n$4 ,un=tunately ! b]ries h a t5d5cy to crack :i* is aggravat$ by ! fact t ! bun*es are s compact z to cr[d ! b]ries & ?us add to ! crack+4 ,s5asqua is "o ( ! late/ to op5 its buds & is !re=e seldom injur$ by late fro/s4 ,?is v>iety is h>dly z well adapt$ = comm]cial viticulture z sev]al o!r su* hybrids & c be recomm5d$ only = ! g>d5 = ! sake ( v>iety4 ,/eph5 ,w4 ,und]hill ( ,croton ,po9t1 ,new ,york1 orig9at$ ,s5asqua f se$ ( ,concord poll9at$ by ,black ,pr9ce4 ,! se$ 0 plant$ 9 #ahfc & ! result+ v>iety introduc$ ab\t #ahgj4 ,?is v>iety1 al?\gh x attract$ mu* att5tion at ! "t ( its introduction1 0 nev] popul>4 ,x 0 r widely te/$ b 0 soon dropp$ & is to-day practically obsolete4 ,! foliage & v9es ( ,s5asqua %[ little trace ( ,v9if]a b ! desc5t f ! =eign species is pla9ly m>k$ 9 ! fruit4 ,v9e v>iable 9 vigor1 sometimes weak & t5d]1 m$ium to unproductive1 some:at susceptible to attacks ( mildew4 ,canes %ort1 few 9 numb]1 above av]age size1 light to d>k r$di%-br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort to m$ium2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? ( m$ium size2 %oots slightly pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 long to m$ium1 trifid to bifid4 ,leaf-buds bel[ av]age size1 %ort1 ( m$ium ?ickness1 conical1 op5 v late1 t+$ on "u side & slightly along m>g9 ( upp] side ) light rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves int]m$iate 9 size & ?ickness1 light gre51 slightly glossy1 m$ium to some:at rugose2 l[] surface :iti%-gre51 pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 leaf usually n lob$ ) t]m9us acute2 petiol> s9us ( av]age dep?1 m$ium to n>r[2 basal & lat]al s9uses %all[ & n>r[ :5 pres5t2 tee? int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s a little lat] ?an ,concord1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s l>ge to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 broad to m$ium1 irregul>ly tap]+1 usually ) a small s+le %\ld]1 v compact ) unev5 surface2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 ?ick2 p$icel int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 ?ick1 usually smoo?1 enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% %ort to m$ium1 gre5 ) slight r$ t+e4 ,b]ries above m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi%1 r$di%-black to black1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 m$ium to ?ick1 t5d]1 incl9$ to crack1 adh]es /rongly to ! pulp1 conta9s a fair am\nt ( light w9e-color$ pigm5t1 )\t a/r+5cy4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 v juicy1 t5d]1 meaty1 v9\s1 some:at spicy1 sprightly1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate readily f ! pulp1 "o to five1 av]age two1 int]m$iate 9 size1 r long1 n>r[1 usually "o-sid$1 light br[n2 raphe buri$ 9 a n>r[ groove2 *alaza small1 above c5t]1 oval1 obscure4 ,,%elby4 7,labrusca1 ,rip>ia47 #a4 ,v9ey>di/1 ,oct4 #ae1 #ahic4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ec3fhc4 #ahid4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ahj4 #d4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ee3fch1 fig41 #fdb4 #ahif4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ece1 #edf1 #edg1 #eeg4 #ahih4 #f4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3di4 #aija4 ,%elby is h>dly wor? cultivat+ 9 ,new ,york4 ,x rip5s at a "t :5 !re are _m o!r grapes :i* surpass x 9 flavor & appe>ance4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 be5 some:at highly spok5 ( & grape exp]im5t]s may want to try ! v>iety4 ,! "n is f ,%elby1 ,ohio1 ! bir?place ( ! orig9ator4 ,d4 ,s4 ,m>v9 ( ,wat]t[n1 ,new ,york1 orig9at$ ! ,%elby ab\t #ahhj4 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 ! fall ( #ahid4 ,! orig9ator writes t ! p>5tage ( ?is v>iety is n positively kn[n b x is suppos$ to be a ,labrusca-,rip>ia cross4 ,! botanical *>act]s ( ! fruit & v9e z x gr[s on ! ,/ation gr\nds v]ify ?is supposition4 ,v9e vigor\s1 v>iable 9 h>d9ess1 m$ium to productive4 ,canes long1 num]\s1 m$ium to sl5d]2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 sometimes cont9u\s1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves uni=m 9 size1 gre51 (t5 ?92 l[] surface grayi%-gre5 ) t+e ( bronze1 /rongly pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s f]tile or ne>ly s1 op5 9 mid-season or e>li]2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s e>ly1 sometimes be=e ,w9*ell1 does n keep nor %ip well4 ,clu/]s m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 %ort1 frequ5tly ) a s+le %\ld]1 %ort] & m compact ?an ,w9*ell4 ,b]ries m$ium to small1 r\ndi%1 light gre5 to yell[i%-gre51 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 some:at incl9$ to %att]4 ,sk9 ?91 v>iable 9 t\ghness1 peculi>ly a/r+5t4 ,fle% t\gh1 /r+y1 foxy1 sweet f sk9 to c5t]1 mild1 fair to good 9 quality4 ,se$s d n sep>ate readily f ! pulp1 n v num]\s1 m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 %ort1 broad1 plump4 ,,/&>d4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 ,b\rqu9iana87 #a4 ,kan4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhf3ahg4 #b4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahib3bff4 #c4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fcg4 #ahib4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ahj4 #e4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3acf4 #ahih4 #f4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ece1 #edh1 #eeg4 #ahih4 #g4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3da4 #ahii4 ,burr's ,no4 #b 7#a74 ,/&>d is said to be a full si/] ( ,jewel1 b x is n equal to ! si/] nor ne>ly equal to ! reput$ p>5t1 ,delaw>e4 ,! v>iety seems to be ?\ght highly ( 9 ! ,we/ & x is possible t x has great] value !re ?an 9 ,new ,york4 ,! quality ( ! grape is high & x is said to make a light-color$ w9e ( good body1 ta/e & aroma1 b tak+ x all & all x does n rise above m$iocre & _c be recomm5d$ unless = trial4 ,! v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,john ,burr ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 f se$ ( ,delaw>e plant$ ab\t #ahgd4 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 #ahhg by ,/ayman ,black ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas4 ,!re are few *>act]s ( ei!r v9e or fruit t %[ evid5ce ( hav+ come f ,delaw>e4 ,v9e v>iable 9 vigor1 usually h>dy 9 ord9>y seasons1 productive4 ,canes %ort to m$ium1 few 9 numb]1 r sl5d]2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves n v heal?y1 m$ium to small1 mod]ately light gre52 l[] surface t+$ ) bronze1 pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s p>tly f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord1 usually keeps fairly well4 ,clu/]s n uni=m 9 size1 %ort1 frequ5tly ) a small s+le %\ld]1 compact to m$ium4 ,b]ries small to above m$ium1 r\ndi%1 v d>k r$di%-black cov]$ ) a l>ge am\nt ( lilac bloom1 sometimes %att] consid]ably f p$icel4 ,sk9 ?91 r t5d]4 ,fle% unusually pale gre51 some:at /r+y1 v9\s1 t5d]1 sweet f sk9 to c5t]1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s slightly adh]5t1 m$ium to small1 int]m$iate 9 wid?2 *alaza oval1 (t5 di/9ctly above c5t]4 ,,/>k-,,/>4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 ,ae/ivalis47 #a4 ,national ,nur41 #aj3abh1 #acc4 #aijb4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fb3ghh4 #aijc4 #c4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijc3fe1 #bjh1 #bgd1 #bgf4 #d4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijd3cja4 ,/>k-,/> is receiv+ c>eful att5tion 9 ! ,s\? & ,s\?we/ b un=tunately x does n rip5 e>ly en\gh to promise well = ?is latitude4 ,on ! ,/ation gr\nds x rip5s aft] ,catawba1 :i* does n always mature4 ,if ! v>iety fulfills ! high expectations ( x 9 ! region ( its orig9 x is wor?y a trial 9 ! regions ( ?is ,/ate :]e ! ,catawba rip5s4 ,! v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,joseph ,ba*man ( ,altus1 ,arkansas1 f se$ ( ,catawba f]tiliz$ by ,norton or ,h]mann4 ,! se$ 0 plant$ ab\t #ahib4 ,/>k-,/> 0 introduc$ by ,/>k ,bro!rs1 ( ,l\isiana1 ,miss\ri4 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 productive4 ,canes m$ium to %ort1 num]\s1 (t5 sl5d]1 r\gh5$2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 d>k gre51 frequ5tly ?92 l[] surface pale gre51 slightly pubesc5t1 cobwebby4 ,fruit rip5s lat] ?an ,catawba1 appe>s to be an excell5t keep]4 ,clu/]s l>ge1 m$ium to long1 incl9$ to broadness1 frequ5tly ) a well m>k$ %ort s+le %\ld]1 v compact4 ,b]ries m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 oval to r\ndi% b frequ5tly compress$ on acc\nt ( compactness ( clu/]1 black :5 ripe1 cov]$ ) blue bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 t5d]4 ,fle% pale gre51 n v juicy1 t\gh & solid1 slightly aromatic & spicy1 almo/ sweet1 fair to good 9 quality4 ,se$s adh]e some:at to ! pulp1 num]\s1 m$ium to small1 int]m$iate 9 l5g? & wid?1 plump2 raphe %[s z a di/9ct cord2 *alaza di/9ctly above c5t] to ne>ly c5tral4 ,,sup]b4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 ,ae/ivalis47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahia3abf4 #b4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahia3abf4 #c4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #eb3fcf4 #ahic4 fig4 #d4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ahj4 #e4 ,husmann1 #ahie3ch4 #f4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ah3cif4 #ahii4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahii3bh1 #h4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3di4 #aija4 ,! quality ( ,sup]b ranges f good to v good b ! appe>ance ( ! fruit is aga9/ ! v>iety4 ,x resembles ,eumelan1 ! reput$ p>5t1 9 size1 %ape1 & color b is n z attractive4 ,! v9e on ! ,/ation gr\nds is n su* z to recomm5d x highly1 & s9ce x has be5 kn[n = at lea/ tw5ty ye>s )\t hav+ become at all popul> ) grape-gr[]s1 x may be assum$ t ! grape has weaknesses else:]e z well z "h4 ,a4 ,f4 ,rice ( ,griswoldville1 ,georgia1 orig9at$ ?is v>iety1 x is said1 f se$ ( ,eumelan4 ,! se$ 0 plant$ 9 #ahhj ne> ,s\? ,weym\?1 ,massa*usetts4 ,sup]b 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahii4 ,v9e m$ium to vigor\s1 usually h>dy1 heal?y1 productive4 ,canes %ort to m$ium1 few 9 numb]1 (t5 tap]+1 a%-gray *ang+ to light or d>k br[n2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid4 ,leaves heal?y1 m$ium to l>ge1 mod]ately light gre52 l[] surface grayi%-gre51 ?9ly pubesc5t1 ! pubesc5ce be+ di/ribut$ 9 flecks4 ,fl[]s /rongly self-f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season or lat]2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s be=e ,concord1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s int]m$iate 9 size & wid?1 m$ium to long1 frequ5tly ) a long1 loose s+le %\ld]1 compact4 ,b]ries m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 r\ndi% to oval1 d>k purpli%-black cov]$ ) ?9 blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 n v firm4 ,sk9 ?ick1 t\gh1 )\t a/r+5cy4 ,fle% juicy1 t5d]1 aromatic1 sweet f sk9 to c5t]1 spicy1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate readily f ! pulp1 m$ium to small1 m$ium to long1 %>p-po9t$2 raphe occasionally %[s z a p>tially subm]g$ cord 9 a broad groove2 *alaza di/9ctly above c5t]4 ,,taylor4 7,rip>ia1 ,labrusca47 #a4 ,valley ,f>m]1 #aheh3abb4 #b4 ,horticulturi/1 #ad3dhf4 #ahei4 #c4 ,ib41 #ae3cd4 #ahfj4 #d4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #b3fh1 #aai1 #afc4 #ahfj4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfj3gh4 #f4 ,horticulturi/1 #ai3aef4 #ahfd4 #g4 ,husmann1 #ahff3ajd4 #h4 ,full]1 #ahfg3bca4 #i4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3dd1 #gd1 #bdb1 #bia1 #bif4 #ahfi4 #aj4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3afa4 #aa4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3acc4 #ab4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3bj1 #ach4 #ac4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaea1 #aafb4 #ahih4 #ad4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3da1 #dc1 #de1 #df1 #gf4 #ahii4 #ae4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3di4 #aija4 ,,bullitt 7#a1 #d74 ,bullitt 7#c1 #e1 #g1 #i1 #aa1 #ab74 ,,taylor 7#b1 #e74 ,taylor 7#d1 #aa74 ,,taylor ,,bullit 7#ac1 #ad74 ,,taylor',s ,,bullitt 7#h1 #aa74 ,taylor's ,bullitt 7#ab74 ,taylor is h>dly kn[n 9 ,new ,york nor1 inde$1 is x n[ mu* gr[n else:]e4 ,x is ( int]e/ = ! "p x has play$ 9 ! grape culture ( ! pa/ & especially = its wor?y (fspr+4 ,_m ( ^! n[ outrank ! p>5t 9 ! regions & = ! purposes = :i* ,taylor is gr[n4 ,9 tru?1 ! mo/ valuable quality ( ,taylor seems to be its capacity = transmitt+ its good *>act]s to its se$l+s2 "s ( c\rse fall mu* bel[ x1 z a table or w9e grape1 b a consid]able numb] q equal x1 & a few surpass x1 b all resemble ! p>5t v9e mu* m ?an is common among grapes4 ,:ile x is f ! species to :i* ,taylor belongs t we mu/ look = our h>die/ v9es yet ?is grape & its (fspr+1 ?\gh n p>ticul>ly t5d] to cold1 d be/ 9 s\!rn regions z !y require a long1 w>m summ] & fall to mature prop]ly4 ,taylor 0 long gr[n 9 bo? ,europe & ,cali=nia z a graft+ /ock = ! ,old ,_w v>ieties z a protection aga9/ phyllox]a1 & is /ill some:at cultivat$ 9 ^! regions = t purpose4 ,! quality ( ! fruit ( ,taylor is f fair to good1 ! flavor be+ sweet1 pure1 delicate & spicy & ! fle% t5d] & juicy1 b ! bun*es are small1 ! fl[]s inf]tile s t ! b]ries d n set well & give v imp]fect & unsightly clu/]s4 ,! sk9 is su*1 too1 t x cracks badly1 a defect t is seem+ly transmitt$ to _m ( ! se$l+s ( ! v>iety4 ,! v9e is /rong1 heal?y1 h>dy b n v productive4 ,taylor is ess5tially a w9e grape1 & x is n likely t x or _m ( ! v>ieties br$ f x w make table grapes4 ,! w9e is said to be exceptionally good1 ( great body & high flavor4 ,! orig9al v9e ( ,taylor 0 a wild se$l+ f\nd 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! la/ c5tury on ! ,cumb]l& ,m\nta9s ne> ! ,k5tucky-,t5nessee l9e by a ,mr4 ,cobb :o plant$ ! v9e on 8 f>m 9 ,%elby ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky4 ,lat] ! f>m 0 sold to ,cu?b]t ,bullitt4 ,ab\t #ahdj1 ! grape came to ! att5tion ( ,judge ,john ,taylor ( ,j]i*o1 ,h5ry ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky1 an en?usia/ic amateur horticulturi/ :o secur$ ! v9e f ,bullitt & s5t cutt+s to _m grape-gr[]s = te/+4 ,x 0 e>ly introduc$ into ! grape region ( ! middle ,we/ :]e x 0 widely te/$ b 0 nev] ext5sively plant$ ow+ to its lack ( productiv5ess4 ,its culture has be5 on ! wane = _m ye>s & only an occasional nurs]yman 9 t section h&les ! v>iety to-day4 ,?is v>iety has1 at diff]5t times1 pass$ "u ! names ,bullitt1 ,taylor1 ,taylor's ,bullitt1 ) v>i\s spell+s ( ! "n ,bullitt4 ,! foll[+ description has be5 compil$ f v>i\s s\rces3 ,v9e vigor\s to rank1 heal?y1 h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess4 ,leaves small1 attractive 9 color1 smoo?4 ,fl[]s bloom e>ly2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t two weeks be=e ,isabella4 ,clu/]s small to m$ium1 %\ld]$1 loose to mod]ately compact4 ,b]ries small to m$ium1 r\ndi%1 pale gre5i%-:ite1 sometimes t+$ ) amb]4 ,sk9 v ?94 ,pulp sweet1 spicy1 fair to good 9 quality4 ,,telegraph4 7,labrusca1 ,ae/ivalis47 #a4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfc3edi4 #b4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #i3ea4 #ahfg4 #c4 ,ib41 #aj3ai1 #cdd4 #ahfh4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfi3db4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfi3ef4 #f4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3dd1 #aae1 #bif4 #ahfi4 #g4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #aa3hc4 #ahfi4 #h4 ,horticulturi/1 #cj3gc4 #ahge4 #i4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3hb1 #aci4 #aj4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #cf3dc4 #ahia4 #aa4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fcg4 #ahib4 #ab4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3ahg4 #ahif4 #ac4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ece1 #edf1 #edg1 #eeg4 #ahih4 #ad4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3da1 #db1 #dd1 #de4 #ahii4 #ae4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bcg4 #aijb4 #af4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijf3fe1 #fg4 ,,*ri/9e 7#b1 #c1 #g74 ,*ri/9e 7#d1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #ab74 ,telegraph 7#b1 #c74 ,! *>act]s ( ,telegraph are n su* z to give x high rank among grapes & n[ t ne>ly =ty ye>s h pass$ s9ce its orig91 & _m bett] v>ieties h come into cultivation1 ! v>iety is wor? m5tion+ only z a matt] ( record4 ,its mo/ rem>kable "* is compact1 well %\ld]$ bun*es1 mak+ !m attractive 9 appe>ance ?\gh some:at small = a comm]cial v>iety4 ,telegraph is susceptible to rot & ! birds are p>ticul>ly fond ( its fruit4 ,x rip5s v e>ly & is ( bett] quality ?an ,h>t=d--n high praise4 ,! v>iety is peculi> 9 t ! rip5+ season seems to v>y f a few days aft] ,h>t=d to z late z ,concord4 ,x is e>li]1 comp>atively1 9 ! ,s\? ?an 9 ! ,nor?2 t is1 9 cool summ]s x matures sl[ly4 ,telegraph1 or ,*ri/9e1 z x appe>s to h fir/ be5 call$1 is a *ance se$l+ :i* appe>$ ab\t ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury 9 ! y>d ( a ,mr4 ,*ri/9e1 ,he/onville1 ne> ,we/*e/]1 ,*e/] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,ab\t #ahfj ,p4 ,r4 ,freas1 editor ( ! ,g]mant[n ,telegraph1 to :om fruit 0 s5t1 be/[$ ^u x ! "n ( 8 pap]1 :i* f9ally supplant$ ! orig9al "n4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahfi & remov$ 9 #ahii4 ,telegraph is app>5tly a ,labrusca ) a /ra9 ( ,ae/ivalis4 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 usually heal?y1 v productive4 ,canes unusually long1 m$ium to num]\s2 t5drils cont9u\s1 trifid to bifid4 ,leaves heal?y1 m$ium to l>ge1 incl9$ to r\ndi%1 light gre52 l[] surface grayi%-:ite1 pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season or e>li]2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit usually rip5s soon aft] ,h>t=d b sometimes lat]1 a fair %ipp] & keep]4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 (t5 %ort1 broad1 cyl9drical1 blunt at ends1 s+le-%\ld]$1 v compact4 ,b]ries int]m$iate 9 size1 r\ndi% to slightly oval on acc\nt ( compactness ( clu/]1 dull black cov]$ ) a l>ge am\nt ( blue bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 t\gh1 does n adh]e to ! pulp1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 t\gh & solid1 slightly foxy1 pleasant flavor1 sweet at sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 fair to good 9 quality4 ,se$s some:at adh]5t & num]\s1 m$ium to above 9 size1 v>iable 9 %ape & size4 ,,to-,,kalon4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #a3dei4 #ahce4 #b4 ,n4 ,y4 ,ag4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahdg3cec4 #c4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #ba3db1 #ahee4 #d4 ,ib41 #bb3ejg4 #ahef4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahef3afc4 #f4 ,d[n+1 #aheg3cde4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aheh3gb4 #h4 ,horticulturi/1 #ad3bii4 #ahei4 fig4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfj3ha4 #aj4 ,ib41 #ahfb3adf4 #aa4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfb3ij4 #ab4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #e3gc1 #gd4 #ahfc4 #ac4 ,grant1 #ahfd3aa4 #ad4 ,g>4 ,mon41 #h3cfb4 #ahff4 #ae4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3cbg4 #ahfi4 #af4 ,d[n+1 #ahfi3eef4 #ag4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3aci4 ,! ,beautiful 7#af74 ,,c>t] 7#d74 ,c>t] 7#g1 #aj1 #af1 #ag1 ( ,bo/on #ab74 ,sp(=d ,se$l+ 7#af1 #ag74 ,,wyman 7#c74 ,wyman 7#aj1 #ab1 #af1 #ag74 ,! fruit *>act]s ( ,to-,kalon are s simil> to ^? ( ,catawba t x 0 h>dly wor?y ( introduction4 ,beside duplicat+ ! ,catawba 9 fruit ! v9es are n heal?y1 be+ v susceptible to mildew & rot1 ! fruit drops badly1 & ! crop does n rip5 well4 ,! quality ( ! fruit is v good1 once x c be secur$4 ,a po9t 9 its favor is t x rip5s a little be=e ,catawba4 ,! v>iety long s9ce ceas$ to be ( comm]cial importance & c n[ be f\nd b r>ely 9 collections4 ,to-,kalon 0 orig9at$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! la/ c5tury by ,dr4 ,sp(=d ( ,lans+burg1 ,new ,york4 ,! orig9ator /ates t x is a se$l+ ( a ,european grape1 b f its resemblance to ,catawba x is suppos$ by _m to h be5 a se$l+ ( t v>iety4 ,wyman & ,c>t] are two v>ieties ( lat] introduction :i* are said to be id5tical ) ,to-,kalon1 b z ! orig9 ( ea* is app>5tly au!ntic & di/9ct x appe>s m probable t !y are m]ely simil> sorts4 ,to-,kalon 0 plac$ on ! li/ ( sorts recomm5d$ by ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahfb b 0 dropp$ f ?is li/ 9 #ahga4 ,! foll[+ description has be5 compil$ f v>i\s s\rces3 ,v9e vigor\s to rank1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess1 h>dy1 (t5 mildews badly4 ,foliage l>ge1 abundant4 ,fl[]s d n always set well4 ,fruit rip5s some:at e>li] ?an ,catawba4 ,clu/]s l>ge1 %\ld]$4 ,b]ries l>ge1 oval to oblate1 d>k] ?an ,catawba1 cov]$ ) heavy bloom1 %ells4 ,pulp sweet1 ( pure flavor1 melt+1 v good 9 quality4 ,,triumph4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,grape ,cult41 #b3bie4 #ahgj4 #b4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #i3hd4 #ahga4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3cc1 #dj1 #afb4 #d4 ,d[n+1 #ahha3afi app4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahhc3bf4 #f4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3adj1 fig41 #ada4 #g4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhd3bag4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ajd4 #i4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fcg4 #ahib4 #aj4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3adb4 #ahih4 #aa4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ece1 #edh1 #eeg4 #ahih4 #ab4 ,miss4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3ag4 #ahii4 #ac4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agf4 #ahii4 #ad4 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3hi4 #aijj4 #ae4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3di1 #eb1 #ei4 #aija4 #af4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bdc4 #aijb4 #ag4 ,trait g54 de vit41 #e3ahf4 #aijc4 ,campbell's ,concord ,hybrid ,no4 #f 7#f74 ,campbell's ,se$l+ ,no4 #f 7#ag74 ,hybride de ,concord ,no4 #f 7#ag74 ,:5 quality1 color1 %ape & size ( bun* & b]ry are all consid]$1 ,triumph is "o ( ! f9e/ dess]t grapes ( ,am]ica4 ,:5 at its be/ x is a magnific5t bun* ( gold5 grapes ( highe/ quality1 e/eem$ ev5 9 s\!rn ,europe :]e x mu/ compete ) ! be/ ( ! ,v9if]as1 ?\gh un=tunately x is ne>ly z susceptible 9 t region to phyllox]a z ! ,old ,_w v>ieties1 a defect :i* has caus$ its relegation !re f comm]cial v9ey>ds to ! collections ( exp]im5t]s & amateurs4 ,9 ,am]ica its comm]cial importance is curtail$ by ! fact t x requires a long season = its prop] developm5t & ! v>iety ju/ifies its "n only 9 ! ,s\? & m p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,s\?we/4 ,9 ! latitude ( ,new ,york x is d\btfully h>dy & ! %ort summ] season nev] p]mits x to atta9 ! quality & beauty :i* *>act]ize x fur!r s\?4 ,triumph has1 9 g5]al1 ! v9e *>act]s ( ! ,labrusca p>5t ,concord1 especially its habit ( gr[?1 vigor1 productiv5ess & foliage *>act]s1 fall+ %ort 9 h>d9ess1 resi/ance to fungal diseases & e>l9ess ( maturity4 ,ev5 9 ,new ,york ! v9es are z vigor\s & set ne>ly z mu* fruit z ,concord2 b !y are injur$ 9 cold w9t]s unless protect$1 & suff] 9 p>ticul> f ! mildews4 ,! fruit matures ) or a little lat] ?an ! ,catawba4 ,x proves1 9 regions :]e x is l>gely gr[n1 to be q adaptable to diff]5t soils & locations & ! small am\nt ( data at h& on ?is po9t 9 ,new ,york sugge/s t ?is adaptability holds = ! grape regions ( ?is ,/ate z well4 ,x pref]s1 if any?+1 a deep soil to a %all[ "o & alluvial or clayey soils to light] l&s4 ,:ile ! v9e *>act]s ( ,triumph are ^? ( ,labrusca !re is sc>cely a sugge/ion ( ! co>s5ess1 or ( ! foxy odor & ta/e ( ,labrusca2 & ! objectionable se$s1 pulp1 & sk9 ( ! native grape give way to ! f> less objectionable /ructures ( ,v9if]a4 ,grapes ( ?is v>iety d n h ! firm & (t5 disagreeable pulp9ess ( _m o!r simil> hybrids1 z = in/ance mo/ ( ,rog]s' hybrids4 ,! fle% is t5d] & melt+ & ! flavor ri*1 sweet1 v9\s1 pure & delicate1 giv+ ! v>iety high rank among ! be/ ,am]ican grapes4 ,9 ! ,nor?1 z w\ld be expect$ f its lack ( prop] maturity1 ! flavor is insipid z comp>$ ) ! same "* 9 ! ,s\?4 ,! sk9s ( ! b]ries are faulty be+ m app>5t 9 eat+ ?an ^? ( ,v9if]a & "u unfavorable conditions crack badly2 because ( ! t5d]ness ( ! sk9 ! v>iety nei!r %ips nor keeps rem>kably well4 ,triumph is n only "o ( ! be/ dess]t grapes b x is said to make a v good :ite w9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,triumph ,!re are num]\s pure-br$ & cross-br$ (fspr+s ( ,triumph 9 ,am]ica :i* indicate t ?is v>iety may be v successfully us$ 9 grape-bre$+4 ,munson ( ,texas1 9 p>ticul>1 among o!r viticulturi/s1 has us$ x to advantage 9 bre$+ "w1 8 ,bailey1 ,big ,extra1 ,big ,hope1 ,c>man1 ,e>ly ,gold51 ,f]n ,munson1 ,gov]nor ,ross1 ,newman1 ,ragan1 ,rommel1 ,r4 ,w4 ,munson1 ,w4 ,b4 ,munson1 all hav+ be5 br$ ) ,triumph z an ance/or4 ,:5 all ( its qualities & *>act]s are consid]$1 & = all p>ts ( ,am]ica1 x c h>dly be disput$ t ,triumph is ! be/ ( ! hybrids ( ! two species f :i* x comes t has be5 produc$ by artificial f]tilization4 ,t x does n succe$ bett] 9 ,new ,york is a di/9ct loss to ! viticulture ( ! ,/ate4 ,triumph 0 orig9at$ ne>ly a half c5tury ago by ,george ,w4 ,campbell ( ,delaw>e1 ,ohio1 f se$ ( ,concord f]tiliz$ by ,*asselas ,musque 7,joslyn's ,/4 ,albans74 ,! orig9ator consid]$ x ( no value 9 8 v9ey>d b s5t x to ,samuel ,mill] ( ,bluffton1 ,miss\ri1 :o gave x ! "n ,triumph4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahhc4 ,v9e vigor\s1 d\btfully h>dy1 m$ium to v productive1 some:at subject to attacks ( mildew4 ,canes m$ium to long1 int]m$iate 9 numb] & ?ickness1 mod]ately d>k br[n1 surface cov]$ ) a slight am\nt ( bloom2 nodes enl>g$1 v>iable 9 %ape2 int]nodes m$ium to above 9 l5g?2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? m$ium 9 size2 %oots slightly pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 m$ium to long1 trifid1 sometimes bifid4 ,leaf-buds l>ge to m$ium1 long & ?ick1 obtuse to conical1 op5 late4 ,"y leaves t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) br[ni%-c>m9e4 ,leaves l>ge1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 m$ium to slightly rugose2 l[] surface grayi%-:ite1 pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 leaf usually n lob$ ) t]m9us obtuse to acute2 petiol> s9us m$ium to deep1 n>r[1 (t5 clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us abs5t2 lat]al s9us %all[ & n>r[ :5 pres5t2 tee? deep1 wide to m$ium4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 late2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,catawba or lat]1 does n rank among ! be/ keep]s4 ,clu/]s v l>ge to m$ium1 long1 broad1 tap]+ to cyl9drical1 sometimes s+le-%\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 above av]age ?ickness2 p$icel m$ium to %ort1 sl5d]1 smoo?1 consid]ably enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% %ort1 pale yell[i%-gre54 ,b]ries m$ium to above 9 size1 oval1 pale gre5 or gold5 yell[1 glossy1 cov]$ ) heavy gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ?91 v>iable 9 t\ghness1 sometimes incl9$ to crack1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% light gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 t5d]1 some:at v9\s1 good to v good4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to five1 av]age ?ree1 bel[ m$ium to small1 int]m$iate 9 wid?1 long1 br[ni%2 raphe sometimes visible be+ p>tly subm]g$ 9 ! %ort %all[ groove2 *alaza ( av]age size1 above c5t]1 oval to circul>1 di/9ct4 ,,ul/]4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ada4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ajd4 #c4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe-f3bbd4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahhi3bd4 #e4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahia3abh4 #f4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ej3fia4 #ahia4 #g4 ,ib41 #ea3agj1 #fha4 #ahib4 #h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fcg4 #ahib4 #i4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfb4 #ahic4 #aj4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ahc4 #aa4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ci3bf4 #ahid4 #ab4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecf1 #edh1 #eec1 #eeg4 #ahih4 #ac4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bdj4 #aijb4 #ad4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bje3da4 #aijc4 ,,ul/] ,,prolific 7#a1 #b1 #c1 #e1 #i1 #aa1 #ac74 ,ul/] ,prolific 7#h1 #aj74 ,! accompany+ color-plate does n d ju/ice to ,ul/] z to size & beauty ( ! fruit b x well illu/rates "o ( ! *ief faults ( ! v>iety4 ,! v9es usually set too mu* fruit 9 spite ( ef=ts to control ! crop by prun+1 & two undesirable results foll[3 ,! bun*es are small & ! v9es1 lack+ vigor at be/1 fail to fully recov] f ! ov]-fruitfulness4 ,ov]-productiv5ess & lack ( vigor are ! two defects 9 ,ul/] t h kept x f becom+ ( m importance comm]cially & a great] favorite z a g>d5 grape4 ,! quality ( ! fruit is v good1 be+ mu* l t ( ,catawba bo? 9 fle% *>act]s & 9 flavor4 ,! color ( ! b]ries seems to v>y greatly1 sometimes be+ ne>ly z r$ z ,catawba & "u o!r conditions an unattractive gre5 ) a r$di% t+e4 ,z a rule ! fruit keeps well b !re are exceptions especially :5 ! v>iety is n gr[n "u ! conditions be/ suit$ to x4 ,ul/] has _m good qualities b its defici5cy 9 vigor & caprici\sness 9 bo? v9e & fruit *>act]s prev5t its becom+ a grape ( value = ei!r v9ey>d or g>d54 ,ul/] 0 orig9at$ by ,a4 ,j4 ,caywood ( ,m>lboro1 ,new ,york1 & 0 introduc$ by ! orig9ator ab\t #ahhe4 ,x 0 includ$ 9 ! li/ ( sorts recomm5d$ by ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahii4 ,its p>5ts are said to be ,catawba poll9at$ by a wild ,ae/ivalis4 ,bo? v9e & fruit %[ unmi/akable traces ( ,labrusca & ,v9if]a1 b ! ,ae/ivalis *>act]s1 if pres5t1 are n app>5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ul/] ,v9e m$ium to weak1 usually h>dy1 productive1 (t5 ov]be>s1 sometimes susceptible to attacks ( mildew4 ,canes m$ium to %ort1 n num]\s1 sl5d]1 mod]ately d>k br[n1 surface r\gh5$ & cov]$ ) fa9t pubesc5ce2 nodes enl>g$ & flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort2 diaphragm ( av]age ?ickness2 pi? int]m$iate 9 size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils usually int]mitt5t1 ( m$ium l5g?1 bifid1 dehisce e>ly4 ,leaf-buds int]m$iate 9 size1 %ort to m$ium1 ?ick1 plump1 conical to po9t$1 op5 r late4 ,"y leaves fa9tly t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side1 :i* is r glossy1 prevail+ color pale gre5 ) consid]able rose-c>m9e t+e4 ,leaves small to m$ium1 ?ick2 upp] surface light gre51 glossy1 some:at smoo?2 l[] surface grayi%-:ite1 pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 leaf usually n lob$ ) t]m9us acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us ( av]age dep?1 m$ium to wide2 basal s9us abs5t2 lat]al s9us a m]e not* :5 pres5t2 tee? %all[ to m$ium1 above m$ium wid?4 ,fl[]s f]tile or ne>ly s1 op5 r e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit usually rip5s ) ,concord or a little lat]1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s int]m$iate 9 size1 above av]age l5g?1 int]m$iate 9 bread?1 cyl9drical to slightly tap]+1 (t5 s+le-%\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle %ort1 sl5d]2 p$icel int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 sl5d] to m$ium1 cov]$ ) num]\s w>ts2 bru% %ort1 yell[i%-gre54 ,b]ries above m$ium to m$ium 9 size1 r\ndi% to r\ndi%-oval1 r d>k dull r$ b d n always color well1 cov]$ ) ?9 light to d>k lilac bloom1 p]si/5t1 ( av]age firmness4 ,sk9 ?ick1 t\gh1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 some:at a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 fa9tly aromatic1 slightly foxy1 sweet next ! sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to six1 av]age ?ree1 m$ium to above 9 size1 v>iable 9 l5g? & bread?1 some:at plump1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza int]m$iate 9 size1 above c5t]1 oval to circul>1 n di/9ct2 surface ( se$s slightly r\gh5$4 ,,union ,,village4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,elliott1 #ahed3bdg4 #b4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahef3dcc4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahef3ci1 #afe4 #d4 ,d[n+1 #aheg3cdf4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aheh3fi4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #aheh3bce4 #g4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bd3ib1 #id4 #aheh4 #h4 ,horticulturi/1 #ad3gd4 #ahei4 fig4 #i4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfj3di4 #aj4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfj3hi4 #aa4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bg3ecc4 #ahfa4 #ab4 ,horticulturi/1 #af3bcd4 #ahfa4 fig4 #ac4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfb3adf4 #ad4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #bi3dbb4 #ahfc4 #ae4 ,ib41 #ca3ajc4 #ahfe4 #af4 ,mead1 #ahfg3aih4 #ag4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3dc1 #dd1 #aea1 #bci1 #bfb1 #cbg4 #ahfi4 #ah4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3adb4 #ai4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3ei4 ,,imitation ,,hamburg 7#a74 ,,ont>io 7#h1 #i1 #aj1 #ad74 ,ont>io 7#ac1 #ae1 #af1 #ag1 #ah1 #ai74 ,,%ak] 7#b74 ,%ak] 7#d1 #ag1 #ah74 ,rampant 9 v9e1 ) ?ick wood1 l>ge co>se leaves1 bun*es & b]ries1 ,union ,village is m>k$ by grossness 9 all ( its *>act]s4 ,its vigor ( v9e & %[9ess ( fruit attract$ ! att5tion ( ! viticulturi/s ( a half c5tury ago & x 0 !n q commonly gr[n b has n[ be5 almo/ :olly disc>d$ because ( poor quality1 susceptibility to disease1 & lack ( h>d9ess4 ,x rip5s some:at late & q unev5ly4 ,x might prove ( "s value 9 bre$+ = ! *>act]s = :i*1 ev5 among ! l>ge/ & mo/ vigor\s grapes ( to-day1 x is di/+ui%$4 ,?is v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ! ,%ak]s at ,union ,village1 ,w>r5 ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,x 0 introduc$ by ,ni*olas ,longwor? ( ,c9c9nati ab\t ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,9 #aheh x 0 plac$ on ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society's li/ ( grapes t promise well & 9 #ahfb 0 plac$ on ! regul> li/ ( recomm5d$ sorts4 ,"h x rema9$ until #ahhc1 :5 x 0 dropp$4 ,ont>io1 ano!r grape ( ?is type1 :i* 0 orig9at$ by ,w4 ,h4 ,read ( ,port ,dalh\sie1 ,ont>io1 0 consid]$ by _m synonym\s ) ,union ,village b ! evid5ce seems to %[ t1 ?\gh v simil>1 x _h a di/9ct orig94 ,union ,village is said to be a se$l+ ( ,isabella4 ,! *>act]s g5]ally indicate ,labrusca al?\gh ! lob+ ( ! leaves & ! susceptibility to fungi may indicate a /ra9 ( ,v9if]a4 ,! foll[+ description has be5 compil$ f v>i\s s\rces3 ,v9e vigor\s to rank1 usually productive1 some:at t5d]1 subject to attacks ( fungi4 ,canes l>ge1 long2 int]nodes %ort4 ,leaves co>se & l>ge4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t "o week be=e ,isabella1 matures unev5ly4 ,clu/]s l>ge to v l>ge1 (t5 %\ld]$1 compact4 ,b]ries l>ge to v l>ge1 r\ndi%1 d>k purpli%-black cov]$ ) heavy bloom1 %ell badly4 ,sk9 mod]ately ?94 ,fle% t>t1 resembl+ ,isabella some:at 9 flavor1 quality fair to good4 ,,v]g5nes4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3cd1 #aag4 #b4 ,b>ry1 #ahhc3dej4 #c4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahhc3bf4 #d4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #bi3ai1 #aab4 #ahhd4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ajc1 #aje4 #f4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhf-g3agb4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3ccj4 #ahij4 #h4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfb4 #ahic4 #i4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ahd4 fig4 #aj4 ,g>4 & ,=41 #h3dhg4 #ahie4 #aa4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecf1 #edb1 #edc1 #edd1 #edh1 #eec4 #ahih4 #ab4 ,ib41 #ah3chc1 #chi1 #cif4 #ahii4 #ac4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3da1 #dc1 #dd1 #de1 #ec1 #gf4 #ahii4 #ad4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agf4 #ahii4 #ae4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bcg4 #aijb4 #af4 ,ont4 ,fr4 ,gr4 ,assoc4 ,rpt41 #cd3ii4 #aijb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v]g5nes ,:ile n "o ( ! lead+ comm]cial v>ieties 9 ,new ,york1 ,v]g5nes has /eadily increas$ 9 popul>ity dur+ ! ?irty ye>s s9ce its introduction4 ,"o ( ! mo/ valuable attributes ( ,v]g5nes is t x seldom fails to be> a crop ?\gh x has a t5d5cy to ov]be> :i* causes x to be v>iable 9 size ( fruits & 9 "t ( rip5+2 ) a mod]ate crop x rip5s ) ,concord b ) a heavy load ( grapes ! crop matures f "o to two weeks lat]4 ,v]g5nes is some:at unpopul> ) v9ey>di/s because ( ! sprawl+ habit ( ! v9e mak+ a v9ey>d ( ?is grape untractable = v9ey>d op]ations4 ,?is fault is obviat$ some:at by graft+ x on o!r v9es4 ,9 "s ( ! grape regions ( ,new ,york ! v9es are prec>i\sly h>dy ?\gh t5d]ness to cold c h>dly be said to be a s]i\s fault ( ! v>iety4 ,! appe>ance ( ! fruit is attractive & :ile ! quality is n high1 yet x is good2 ! flavor is agreeable1 ! fle% is t5d] & se$s & sk9 are n objectionable4 ,consid]+ all ( its fruit *>act]s1 ,v]g5nes may be said to be m ?an an ord9>y grape--mu* bett] ?an sev]al bett] kn[n comm]cial v>ieties4 ,! v>iety is some:at rem>kable 9 be+ probably ! be/ %ipp] & ! be/ keep] among ! pure ,labrusca v>ieties4 ,ne>ly all ( ! grapes :i* %ip & keep well h m or less ,v9if]a blood1 b if ,v]g5nes has any =eign blood x %[s x only 9 its keep+ & %ipp+ qualities4 ,at pres5t ,v]g5nes is ! /&>d late-keep+ grape = ?is region be+ v commonly f\nd 9 ! m>kets z late z ,janu>y & sometimes ,febru>y4 ,a numb] ( se$l+s ( ,v]g5nes1 pure-br$ & cross-br$1 gr[+ on ! ,/ation gr\nds1 %[ t ?is v>iety transmits its *>act]s well to its (fspr+ indicat+ t x has value = grape-bre$+4 ,v]g5nes may be recomm5d$ = its intr9sic value = ! v9ey>d & ! g>d5 & to ! exp]im5t] z "o ( ! be/ pure ,labruscas = ! production ( new & improv$ v>ieties4 ,! orig9al v9e ( ?is v>iety 0 a *ance se$l+ f\nd 9 ! g>d5 ( ,william ,e4 ,gre5e1 ,v]g5nes1 ,v]mont4 ,x fruit$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahgd4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! li/ ( sorts recomm5d$ by ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahhc & is /ill reta9$4 ,v9e v>iable 9 vigor1 n always h>dy1 m$ium to v productive dep5d+ ^u am\nt ( w9t] injury1 usually heal?y4 ,canes long to m$ium1 int]m$iate 9 numb] & size1 d>k dull br[n2 nodes enl>g$1 /rongly flatt5$2 int]nodes ( av]age l5g?2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? m$ium 9 ?ickness2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 long to m$ium1 bifid or sometimes trifid4 ,leaf-buds l>ge to m$ium1 long1 ?ick2 op5 v late4 ,"y leaves t+$ on "u side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 ?92 upp] surface light gre51 glossy1 some:at rugose2 l[] surface pale gre51 v pubesc5t2 ve9s indi/9ct2 leaf usually n lob$ ) t]m9us broadly acute2 petiol> s9us ( av]age dep?1 m$ium to wide2 tee? %all[1 (t5 wide4 ,fl[]s ne>ly /]ile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit v>iable 9 season b usually rip5s "o to two weeks lat] ?an ,concord1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s int]m$iate 9 size & l5g?1 broad1 cyl9drical to tap]+1 sometimes s+le-%\ld]$1 v>iable 9 compactness b incl9$ to be loose2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 ?ick2 p$icel int]m$iate 9 l5g? & ?ickness1 cov]$ ) num]\s small w>ts1 enl>g$ at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% sl5d]1 %ort1 pale gre54 ,b]ries l>ge to bel[ m$ium1 oval to r\ndi%1 light & d>k r$1 cov]$ ) lilac bloom1 p]si/5t1 m$ium 9 firmness4 ,sk9 does n crack1 ?ick1 t\gh1 adh]es consid]ably to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 some:at /r+y1 t5d]1 v9\s1 sweet next ! sk91 agreeably t>t at c5t]1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to five1 av]age ?ree1 v>iable 9 size1 l5g? & bread?1 n not*$1 usually blunt1 br[ni%2 raphe di/9ct2 *alaza small1 pla9ly above c5t]1 usually r\ndi%1 (t5 ) %all[ radiat+ furr[s1 di/9ct4 ,,victoria4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3ib4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahhe3ajd4 #c4 ,mo4 ,hort ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahia3abi4 #d4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ej3fia1 #hdg4 #ahia4 #e4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fcg4 #ahib4 #f4 ,del4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #g3ace1 #aci4 #ahie4 #g4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ef3hbb4 #ahig4 #h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecf1 #edh1 #eeg4 #ahih4 #i4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agf4 #ahii4 #aj4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3di4 #aija4 ,z a gre5 se$l+ ( ,concord1 ,victoria has mu* 9 common ) o!rs ( its k9d t h come f ?is p>5t4 ,9 p>ticul> x resembles ,hayes b does n equal x1 be+ ( poor] quality & hav+ small] & less attractive fruits2 nei!r does x equal ,m>?a4 ,victoria is m>k$ by hav+ m fox9ess 9 flavor ?an d mo/ ( ! :ite se$l+s ( ,concord4 ,9 view ( ! _m good gre5 grapes1 !re is little ab\t ,victoria to recomm5d x1--!re are _m commonplace grapes ( its color & season q its equal4 ,?is v>iety 0 orig9at$ by ,t4 ,b4 ,m9] ( ,l9d51 ,union ,c\nty1 ,new ,j]sey1 ab\t #ahga4 ,v9e ( m$ium vigor1 usually h>dy1 productive1 subject to attacks ( mildew 9 unfavorable locations4 ,canes m$ium to %ort1 n num]\s1 sl5d]2 t5drils cont9u\s1 trifid to bifid4 ,leaves m$ium 9 size1 d>k gre52 l[] surface pale gre5 ) t+e ( bronze1 cov]$ ) %ort d[n4 ,fl[]s ne>ly f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s av]age 9 size1 long1 incl9$ to sl5d]1 (t5 s+le-%\ld]$1 compact4 ,b]ries int]m$iate 9 size1 r\ndi%1 light gre5 ) pale yell[ t+e1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 ?91 t5d]4 ,fle% pale gre51 slightly t\gh1 foxy1 sweet at sk9 to acid at c5t]1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s d n sep>ate readily f ! pulp1 m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 ( av]age wid? & l5g?4 ,,walt]4 7,v9if]a1 ,labrusca1 ,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,mag4 ,hort41 #ca3abj4 #ahfe4 #b4 ,ib41 #cc3g1 #ed4 #ahfg4 #c4 ,horticulturi/1 #bc3cei1 #cfj4 #ahfh4 fig4 #d4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3cjg1 #cbg1 #cbi4 #ahfi4 #e4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort41 #f3cdb4 #ahfi4 fig4 #f4 ,ib41 #h3add1 #bii4 #ahgj4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahga3af4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahge3ci4 #i4 ,ib41 #ahhc3ei1 #aed4 #aj4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ahe4 fig4 #aa4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaea1 #aafc4 #ahih4 #ab4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3di4 #aija4 #ac4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bdc4 #aijb4 ,7 x n almo/ impossible to gr[ heal?y v9es ( ,walt] x w\ld take rank among ! be/ ( our ,am]ican grapes4 ,b /unt$ by fungi :i* ne>ly e ye> attack leaves1 "y wood & fruit1 x is only possible 9 exceptionally favorable seasons to produce a crop ( grapes ) ?is v>iety4 ,n infrequ5tly ! attacks ( mildew are s sev]e t ! v9es are defoliat$ be=e mid-season4 ,besides its susceptibility to cryptogamic diseases ! v>iety is fa/idi\s z to soils & ev5 9 localities to :i* x seems adapt$ x is v>iable 9 gr[?4 ,:ile n to be class$ among ! t5d] grapes yet x is injur$ 9 sev]e w9t]s1 & is almo/ c]ta9 to suff] "s injury aft] defoliation by fungi4 ,!re are sev]al reports at h& :i* seem to %[ t x is h>di] & m vigor\s on ! roots ( h>dy1 /rong-gr[+ v>ieties4 ,z if to atone = ! faults ( ! v9e ! fruit ( ,walt] is almo/ p]fect1 lack+ only 9 ! size ( bun* & b]ry4 ,! bun* & b]ry resemble ,delaw>e1 "o ( its p>5ts1 :ile x has ! peculi> flavor ( ,diana1 ! o!r p>5t4 ,well gr[n1 ! fruit is m attractive ?an t ( ,delaw>e b x _c be said t ! quality is q ! equal ( t ( ei!r ( its p>5ts4 ,x does n h ! fault ( rip5+ its b]ries unev5ly1 "o ( ! defects :i* deb>s ,diana f pr(itable cultivation4 ,?\gh m fa/idi\s1 ,walt] is usually adapt$ to conditions "u :i* ,delaw>e ?rives4 ,! v>iety has be5 cultivat$ = ne>ly half a c5tury b is seem+ly less & less gr[n1 a fact to be regrett$2 = !re are few ,am]ican grapes ( m exquisite flavor & aroma & m da9ty appe>ance4 ,x is said t :5 protect$ f dew by walls or o!r %elt] ! v9es are n s badly attack$ by fungi1 if at all1 & t ,walt] may ?us be gr[n to p]fection4 ,if ?is be true grape-lov]s %\ld see t ! v>iety is long reta9$ 9 collections & = ! g>d54 ,a4 ,j4 ,caywood orig9at$ ?is v>iety ab\t #ahej f se$ ( ,delaw>e poll9at$ by ,diana4 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahga4 ,walt] is /ill to be f\nd 9 an occasional v>ietal v9ey>d b x is seldom (f]$ = sale by nurs]ym54 ,v9e mod]ately vigor\s1 n h>dy 9 expos$ locations1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess1 subject to attacks ( fungi4 ,canes m$ium to above 9 l5g? & size1 d>k r$di%-br[n1 surface cov]$ ) ?9 blue bloom2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to above 9 l5g?2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? ( fair size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 m$ium to above 9 l5g?1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds small1 int]m$iate 9 l5g? & ?ickness1 po9t$ to conical4 ,foliage ( av]age size1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 glossy1 smoo?2 l[] surface t+$ ) bronze1 heavily pubesc5t2 lobes none to ?ree ) t]m9us acute2 petiol> s9us ( av]age dep?1 n>r[ to m$ium2 basal s9us lack+2 lat]al s9us usually a not* if pres5t2 tee? int]m$iate 9 dep? & wid?4 ,fl[]s op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit some:at v>iable 9 season ( rip5+1 av]ag+ ab\t ) ,delaw>e1 keeps & %ips well4 ,clu/]s m$ium 9 size & l5g?1 broad1 cyl9drical to tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 ( av]age ?ickness2 p$icel m$ium 9 l5g?1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) small scatt]+ w>ts2 bru% %ort1 sl5d]1 gre5 ) br[ni% t+e4 ,b]ries small to m$ium1 (t5 /rongly ovate1 r$1 mu* l ,delaw>e1 glossy1 cov]$ ) a mod]ate am\nt ( lilac bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 int]m$iate 9 ?ickness1 v t\gh1 adh]es b slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 )\t a/r+5cy4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 t\gh1 some:at foxy1 v9\s1 q /rongly aromatic1 sweet next ! sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s d n sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age ?ree1 bel[ m$ium 9 size & l5g?1 int]m$iate 9 wid?1 m$ium to %>p-po9t$1 light br[n2 raphe obscure2 *alaza l>ge1 above c5t]1 irregul>ly circul>1 di/9ct4 ,mu/ #ajj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,walt] ,,wapanuka4 7,labrusca1 ,rip>ia1 ,v9if]a1 ,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bhj4 #aijj4 #b4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #fj3fcg4 #aija4 #c4 ,ib41 #fb3gij4 #aijc4 #d4 ,i[a ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijd3bbh4 #e4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijd3cje4 #f4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aije3cjb4 ,?\gh !re are _m qualities to comm5d ,wapanuka1 yet x is n z popul> 9 ! ,nor? z 0 expect$ x w\ld become at ! "t ( its introduction4 ,! *ief reason = its failure is t x does n %ip well1 seem+ly a prime requisite = a comm]cial grape 9 ,new ,york1 ?\gh ! m>kets are seldom f> di/ant4 ,x is probable1 too1 t ! flavor is n q z high 9 ?is latitude z 9 ! ,s\?1 or x may be t ! grapes ) :i* we comp>e x "h are bett] flavor$ ?an 9 ! ,s\?4 ,at any rate x does n h ! comp>atively high quality 9 ,new ,york t x is report$ to h else:]e1 be+ too insipid4 ,!re is a t5d5cy1 too1 = ! grapes to %att]4 ,! fruits :5 well gr[n are attractive & ! quality is f fair to good4 ,wapanuka is wor?y a trial 9 comm]cial v9ey>ds2 & because ( ! h&some appe>ance & di/9ct flavor ( ! fruit x des]ves a place 9 ! g>d54 ,munson ( ,texas1 orig9at$ ,wapanuka f se$ ( ,rommel f]tiliz$ by ,brilliant4 ,x 0 introduc$ by ! orig9ator 9 ! fall ( #ahih4 ,v9e vigor\s1 usually h>dy1 productive4 ,canes m$ium to %ort1 int]m$iate 9 numb] & size1 d>k r$di%-br[n1 (t5 ) a%-gray t+e2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves l>ge1 mod]ately light gre51 some:at rugose on old] leaves2 l[] surface dull gre5 t+$ ) bronze1 pubesc5t4 ,fl[]s f]tile or ne>ly s1 op5 be=e mid-season2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord1 does n keep well4 ,clu/]s int]m$iate 9 size1 long to m$ium1 frequ5tly ) a long-p$uncl$ s+le %\ld]1 compact4 ,b]ries l>ge1 r\ndi%1 v pale yell[i%-gre51 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 ) a t5d5cy to %att]1 s(t4 ,sk9 cov]$ ) few1 small1 d>k dots1 v ?9 & t5d]4 ,fle% unusually pale gre51 t5d]1 some:at foxy1 sweet & mild1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 int]m$iate 9 size1 broad1 di/9ctly not*$1 %ort4 ,,:ite ,,imp]ial4 7,v9if]a1 ,labrusca1 ,b\rqu9iana47 #a4 ,mo4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3gh4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahib3bgj4 #c4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ahf4 #d4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3adb4 #ahih4 #e4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agg4 #ahii4 #f4 ,ga4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ec3ej4 #aija4 ,:ite ,imp]ial is "o ( ,/ayman's#bac num]\s productions4 ,! orig9ator ?\ght x "o ( ! mo/ valuable1 if n ! mo/ valuable1 ( 8 :ite grapes4 ,z ! v>iety gr[s 9 ! ,/ation v9ey>d ! fruit is nei!r especially attractive 9 appe>ance nor ( v high quality ?\gh bett] 9 ! latt] respect ?an ! av]age4 ,:ite ,imp]ial is "o ( a some:at l>ge numb] ( (fspr+ ( ,dut*ess n[ kn[n to viticulture 9 :i* ! good qualities ( ! p>5t h be5 transmitt$ 9 a l>ge measure to ! prog5y4 ,:ite ,beauty1 describ$ 9 ! next *apt]1 is ( ! same p>5tage & is simil> 9 g5]al *>act]s ( v9e & fruit1 ?\gh b]ries & bun*es are a little l>g] & ! v9es a little m vigor\s4 ,:ite ,imp]ial 0 introduc$ ) great expectations 9 ! ,we/1 b1 especially 9 ! v9ey>ds ( ,miss\ri1 :ile /ill gr[n some:at is n hold+ its own ) bett] kn[n grapes ( its class4 ,:ite ,imp]ial 0 produc$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,/ayman ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 f se$ ( ,dut*ess4 ,! v>iety 0 introduc$ ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s ago by ,/ayman ,black4 ,v9e m$ium to v vigor\s1 h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess1 susceptible to attacks ( fungi "u unfavorable conditions4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 r num]\s1 incl9$ to sl5d]2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaves above av]age size1 int]m$iate 9 color & ?ickness2 l[] surface pale gre51 (t5 ) consid]able pubesc5ce1 slightly cobwebby4 ,fl[]s p>tly /]ile1 op5 e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s ab\t a week be=e ,delaw>e1 keeps well4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 sl5d]1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 v>iable 9 compactness4 ,b]ries m$ium to small1 oval to r\ndi%1 light gre51 sometimes ) a yell[ t+e1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t4 ,sk9 spr9kl$ ) r$di%-br[n dots1 ?91 t5d]1 )\t a/r+5cy4 ,fle% pale gre51 f9e-gra9$1 t\gh1 sweet at sk9 to agreeably t>t at c5t]1 some:at sprightly1 good to be/ 9 quality4 ,se$s n num]\s1 m$ium to small1 %>p-po9t$4 ,,wild]4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a47 #a4 ,mass4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfa3fh4 #b4 ,horticulturi/1 #ah3ih4 #ahfc4 #c4 ,ib41 #ba3cbe4 #ahff4 fig4 #d4 ,mead1 #ahfg3bje1 #bjg4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahfg3dd4 #f4 ,horticulturi/1 #bd3abf4 #ahfi4 #g4 ,grape ,cult41 #a3aha4 #ahfi4 #h4 ,ib41 #b3bi1 fig41 #cj4 #ahgj4 #i4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3dj1 #db1 #abc1 #ach1 #aec1 #afb1 #afh4 #aj4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhc3ha4 #aa4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ahg1 fig41 #ahh4 #ab4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3acf4 #ahih4 #ac4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecg1 #edh1 #eec4 #ahih4 #ad4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3da1 #dc1 #dd1 #df1 #fd1 fig4 #ahii4 #ae4 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3gj1 #hi4 #aijj4 #af4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bdc4 #aijb4 ,,rog]s' ,,no4 #d 7#a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e74 ,rog]s' ,no4 #d 7#f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ae74 ,! accompany+ color-plate sc>cely does ,wild] ju/ice z to size ( bun* & b]ry b 7 ! illu/ration some:at enl>g$ x w\ld be v typical ( ! v>iety4 ,! b]ries :5 fully ripe are q simil> 9 size & color to ,black ,hamburg b ! bun*es h few] b]ries ?an ! ,european p>5t & ! quality1 z w\ld be expect$1 is n s good1 fall+ %ort *iefly 9 fle% *>act]s4 ,:ile ,wild] is surpass$ 9 quality1 &1 z usually gr[n1 9 appe>ance by o!r ( ,rog]s' hybrids1 x is "o ( ! mo/ reliable ( all ( !m = v9ey>d culture1 ! v9es be+ vigor\s1 h>dy1 fairly productive1 &1 ?\gh some:at susceptible to mildew1 z heal?y z any ( ! hybrids ( ,labrusca & ,v9if]a4 ,wild] is n z well kn[n 9 ! m>kets z x %\ld be1 & n[ t fungal diseases c be controll$ by spray+1 ?is1 ) o!r su* hybrids1 %\ld be m g5]ally plant$ 9 comm]cial v9ey>ds & especially = local & special m>kets4 ,! w9e f ?is1 & = t matt] f any ( ,rog]s' grapes1 is n ( quality su* z recomm5ds x & nei!r are ! grapes suitable = grape juice4 ,surplus fruit w\ld (t51 !re=e1 be a loss 9 l>ge plantations4 ,wild] is "o ( ! =ty-five ,labrusca-,v9if]a hybrids rais$ by ,e4 ,s4 ,rog]s ( ,salem1 ,massa*usetts4 ,= an acc\nt ( its orig9 & p>5tage1 see ,rog]s' ,hybrids4 ,! fir/ notes z to ! qualities ( ?is v>iety 7 publi%$ 9 #aheh4 ,! v>iety 0 plac$ on ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society li/ ( recomm5d$ sorts 9 #ahfg & has nev] be5 remov$4 ,9 #ahfi1 ,rog]s express+ a desire to "n "o ( 8 se$l+s aft] ,m>%all ,p4 ,wild]1 ,mr4 ,wild] select$ ?is "o z 9 8 e/imation ! be/ ( all ,rog]s' hybrids & x 0 giv5 8 "n4 ,v9e m$ium to v vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive1 some:at susceptible to attacks ( mildew4 ,canes long1 mod]ately num]\s1 (t5 bel[ av]age ?ickness1 a%-gray to d>k r$di%-br[n ) d>k] t+e at ! nodes :i* are usually n flatt5$2 int]nodes long2 diaphragm ( av]age ?ickness2 pi? int]m$iate 9 size2 %oots ?9ly pubesc5t2 t5drils int]mitt5t1 m$ium 9 l5g?1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds ( av]age size1 %ort1 ?ick1 r\ndly obtuse to conical1 op5 e>ly4 ,"y leaves t+$ on l[] side & along m>g9 ( upp] side ) rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves l>ge1 (t5 irregul>ly r\ndi%1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface d>k gre51 glossy1 smoo?2 l[] surface pale gre51 pubesc5t2 ve9s di/9ct2 usually n lob$ ) t]m9us acute to obtuse2 petiol> s9us deep1 n>r[1 (t5 clos$ & ov]lapp+2 basal s9us lack+2 lat]al s9us %all[1 n>r[1 or a m]e not* :5 pres5t4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 mid-season or e>li]2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit rip5s ) ,concord or e>li]1 keeps & %ips fairly well4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size b are n l>ge1 %ort & broad1 irregul>ly tap]+1 heavily s+le-%\ld]$1 sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 loose2 p$uncle ( av]age l5g?1 ?ick2 p$icel long1 ?ick1 cov]$ ) num]\s1 prom95t w>ts2 bru% ( fair l5g?1 ?ick1 gre5 ) t+e ( light r$4 ,b]ries l>ge1 slightly oval1 purpli%-black to black1 n glossy1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 ?ick1 v>iable 9 t\ghness1 adh]es some:at to ! pulp1 ) bright r$ pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 juicy1 t5d]1 has "s ,v9if]a sprightl9ess1 sweet at sk9 to t>t at ! se$s1 good 9 quality4 ,se$s adh]5t to ! pulp1 "o to five1 av]age ?ree1 above m$ium 9 size1 (t5 long1 int]m$iate 9 bread?1 light br[n2 raphe sometimes %[s z a p>tially subm]g$ cord2 *alaza small1 above c5t]1 oval1 di/9ct4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wild] ,,w9*ell4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a1 ,ae/ivalis47 #a4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #d3bbd4 #ahhe4 #b4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ia4 #c4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #g3aje1 #ajh4 #ahhh4 #d4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #dg3fge4 #ahhh4 fig4 #e4 ,g>4 & ,=41 #b3bd1 #dcb4 #ahhi4 #f4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,adv4 ,rpt41 #ahij3ba4 #g4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3cca4 #ahij4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahia3aea4 #i4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #ej3fia1 #gje4 #ahia4 #aj4 ,ib41 #ea3ai1 #fc1 #fcc1 #fha4 fig4 #ahib4 #aa4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3acj1 #aca1 fig41 #ahh4 #ab4 ,wis4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ac3bbc4 #ahif4 #ac4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahig3ai4 #ad4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3ci1 #db1 #de1 #df1 #ej1 #ed1 #gf4 #ahii4 #ae4 ,rural ,n4 ,y41 #eh3bc4 #ahii4 #af4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agg4 #ahhi4 #ag4 ,ala4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3hb4 #aijj4 #ah4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bcf1 #bch4 #aijb4 ,,gre5 ,,m\nta9 7#c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ad1 #ae1 #ag1 #ah74 ,gre5 ,m\nta9 7#aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #af74 ,w9*ell 7#f1 #i1 #ad1 #ag1 #ah74 ,w9*ell is at once v e>ly & ( v good quality1 *>act]s seldom f\nd comb9$ 9 grapes4 ,b ?is is n all t c be said2 ! v9es are vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 productive1 & ! fruit keeps & %ips well1 altoge!r mak+ a mo/ admirable e>ly grape4 ,un=tunately ! b]ries1 & "u "s conditions ! bun*es1 are small1 & ?is1 comb9$ ) ! fact t gre5 grapes are n z popul> z black & r$ ones1 has kept ,w9*ell f be+ z l>gely plant$ z x o!rwise w\ld h be54 ,!n1 too1 z has be5 not$ be=e1 ! competition f ! ,s\?1 9 :i* l>g]1 *eap] & z good grapes compete ) e>ly nor!rn crops ( ?is fruit1 is limit+ ! production ( e>ly v>ieties ( grapes 9 ! ,nor?4 ,!re are "s m9or faults1 too1 :i* "u "s conditions become drawbacks to ! culture ( ,w9*ell4 ,at be/ ! bun* ( ?is v>iety is loose & *>act]iz$ by a l>ge %\ld]4 ,sometimes ?is loos5ess becomes s pron\nc$ z to give a /raggl+1 poorly-=m$ clu/]2 s1 too1 ! %\ld] :5 z l>ge z ! clu/] itself1 :i* (t5 happ5s1 makes ! clu/] unsightly4 ,!re is a t5d5cy1 "u "s conditions1 = ! grapes to %ell :5 fully ripe & ?is is (t5 a s]i\s fault4 ,aga91 :ile ! crop usually rip5s ev5ly yet !re are seasons :5 two pick+s are ne$$ because ( unev5ness 9 rip5+4 ,la/ly ! sk9 is ?9 & !re is dang] 9 unfavorable seasons1 or 9 %ipp+1 ( ! b]ries crack+ ?\gh ?is is seldom a s]i\s fault4 ,^! defects d n beg9 to (fset ! sev]al good *>act]s ( ,w9*ell & x is1 = ,new ,york at lea/1 ! /&>d e>ly gre5 grape & des]v+ to rank ) ! be/ e>ly grapes ( any color4 ,! orig9al v9e ( ?is v>iety 0 rais$ by ,james ,milton ,cl\gh ( ,/am=d1 ,b5n+ton ,c\nty1 ,v]mont1 ab\t ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury f se$ ( an unkn[n purple grape4 ,= "s ye>s x _h a local reputation & 0 propagat$ by "s ( ,cl\gh's neighbors4 ,by :at "n x 0 !n kn[n does n appe>4 ,9 ,decemb]1 #ahhe1 accord+ to _! /atem5ts1 ,ellwang] ,b>ry ( ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 receiv$ ?is v>iety f ,c4 ,e4 ,w9*ell1 !n ( ,/am=d4 ,9 #ahhh1 ?is firm introduc$ ! v>iety to ! trade4 ,! same ye> !re 0 introduc$ by ,/eph5 ,hoyt's ,sons ( ,new ,canaan1 ,connecticut1 a v>iety "u ! "n ,gre5 ,m\nta94 ,?is firm /ates t !y b\ght ! v>iety f ,james ,m4 ,paul1 ( ,nor? ,adams1 ,massa*usetts1 9 ,decemb]1 #ahhe4 ,previ\s to 8 sale ,paul _h s5t a v9e ( ! grape to ?is ,/ation2 he exhibit$ fruit ( ,gre5 ,m\nta9 be=e ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahhg1 b )\t any "n4 ,lat] grape-gr[]s f\nd t ,w9*ell & ,gre5 ,m\nta9 7 v simil> or id5tical4 ,un=tunately1 9 ! meantime1 ,paul _h di$ & no "o kn[s positively :]e he secur$ 8 v9es al?\gh !re is e reason to believe !y 7 f ,mr4 ,cl\gh4 ,^? :o consid] ! ,w9*ell & ,gre5 ,m\nta9 sep>ate v>ieties say ! ,w9*ell has l>g] b]ries & is some:at lat] 9 rip5+ ?an ! ,gre5 ,m\nta94 ,?\gh unable to make a close comp>ison ( v9es & fruits ( ! two suppos$ v>ieties1 ! au?ors ( ,! ,grapes ( ,new ,york *oose to consid] !m s ne>ly id5tical1 if n id5tical1 z to pass "u "o "n :i* %\ld be ! "o fir/ publi%$1 ,w9*ell4 ,al?\gh ! botanical *>act]s ( ?is v>iety are *iefly ,labrusca1 ! ?9 bloom :i* sometimes %[s on ! canes1 ! occasional int]mitt5t t5drils1 & ! lob+ ( ! leaf1 indicate slight admixtures ( ,v9if]a & ,ae/ivalis4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w9*ell ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 v productive4 ,canes long to m$ium1 num]\s1 sl5d]1 m$ium d>k br[n1 surface cov]$ ) v ?9 bloom2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes above m$ium to %ort2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? m$ium to bel[ 9 size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 sometimes int]mitt5t1 ( av]age l5g?1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds m$ium to bel[ 9 size1 %ort to m$ium1 ?ick1 op5 e>ly4 ,"y leaves fa9tly t+$ on "u side only ) fa9t rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves l>ge to m$ium1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface light gre51 glossy1 smoo? to m$ium2 l[] surface dull gre51 t+$ ) bronze1 fa9tly pubesc5t2 lobes ?ree to five ) t]m9al lobe acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us deep1 ( m$ium wid?2 basal s9us %all[1 int]m$iate 9 wid?2 lat]al s9us v>iable 9 dep? & wid?2 tee? %all[1 mod]ately wide4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 ab\t mid-season or some:at e>li]2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s v e>ly1 sometimes be=e ,moore ,e>ly1 keeps & %ips well = an e>ly grape4 ,clu/]s l>ge to bel[ m$ium1 long1 sl5d]1 cyl9drical to slightly tap]+1 (t5 ) a long s+le %\ld]1 loose to mod]ately compact2 p$uncle long1 mod]ately sl5d]2 p$icel %ort1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) few1 small1 inconspicu\s w>ts2 bru% gre5i%-:ite4 ,b]ries above m$ium to small1 r\ndi%1 light gre51 cov]$ ) ?9 :ite bloom1 usually p]si/5t1 s(t4 ,sk9 (t5 m>k$ ) small r$di%-br[n spots1 ?91 t5d]1 adh]es v slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 juicy1 t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 sweet2 v good to be/ 9 quality4 ,se$s sep>ate fairly well f ! pulp1 "o to f\r1 av]age two1 small1 plump1 mod]ately wide & long1 blunt1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure1 *alaza small1 slightly above c5t]1 circul>1 n di/9ct4 ,,woodruff4 7,labrusca1 ,v9if]a87 #a4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3dd1 #fe4 #b4 ,ib41 #ahhe3ajg1 #ajh4 #c4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhg-h3hg1 #bji4 #d4 ,ib41 #ahhh-i3af4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahhi3bd4 #f4 ,g>4 & ,=41 #c3dij1 #eii4 #ahij4 #g4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahij3agi4 #h4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #aa3fch4 #ahib4 #i4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfb4 #ahic4 #aj4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3ahh4 fig4 #aa4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecg1 #ede1 #edf1 #edh1 #eec4 #ahih4 #ab4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agg4 #ahii4 #ac4 ,ib41 #aid3ei4 #aija4 #ad4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bch4 #aijb4 #ae4 ,kan4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #aijd-je3bbh4 ,,woodruff ,,r$ 7#a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #ad74 ,woodruff ,r$ 7#aj74 ,woodruff is a h&some1 %[y1 brick-r$ grape ) l>ge clu/]s & b]ries4 ,:ile v attractive 9 appe>ance its ta/e belies its looks1 = ! fle% is co>se & ! flavor foxy4 ,9 spite ( its attractive appe>ance1 ,woodruff w\ld sc>cely be wor? att5tion 7 x n = its excell5t v9e *>act]s4 ,! v9es are h>dy1 vigor\s1 productive & fairly heal?y4 ,9 appe>ance x is a typical /rong-gr[+ ,labrusca ) ! v>i$ adaptabilities ( t species = soils & ability to )/& adv]se conditions4 ,x rip5s a little be=e or ) ,concord & comes on ! m>ket at a good "t1 especially = a r$ grape4 ,:5 introduc$ ,woodruff promis$ to be a valuable comm]cial grape b its poor quality1 ! fact t x does n keep well1 & a pron\nc$ t5d5cy to crack & %att]1 h kept ! v>iety f becom+ prom95t = ei!r v9ey>d or g>d54 ,:ile x is wor?y ( att5tion "u "s conditions because ( h>d9ess & possibly o!r v9e *>act]s1 yet x is h>dly wor? gr[+ :]e o!r v>ieties ( its color & season c be _h4 ,woodruff1 or z x 0 fir/ kn[n1 ,woodruff ,r$1 came f ,c4 ,h4 ,woodruff ( ,ann ,arbor1 ,mi*igan4 ,he report$ x z a *ance se$l+ :i* came up 9 #ahgd & fruit$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahgg4 ,x 0 suppos$ to be a cross ( ,catawba & ,concord4 ,x 0 introduc$ 9 #ahhe & plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahhi4 ,v9e v vigor\s1 h>dy1 produces z heavy or heavi] crops ?an ,concord1 incl9$ to mildew 9 unfavorable locations4 ,canes int]m$iate 9 l5g?1 numb] & ?ickness1 d>k br[n2 nodes slightly enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes m$ium to %ort2 diaphragm m$ium to above 9 ?ickness2 pi? bel[ av]age size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 ( mean l5g?1 bifid to trifid4 ,leaf-buds small1 %ort to m$ium1 sl5d]1 po9t$ to conical4 ,leaves int]m$iate 9 size1 ( av]age ?ickness1 some:at r\ndi%2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 rugose2 l[] surface gre5i%-:ite to bronze1 pubesc5t2 ve9s indi/9ct2 leaf usually n lob$ ) t]m9us acute to obtuse2 petiol> s9us int]m$iate 9 dep?1 m$ium to wide2 basal s9us lack+2 lat]al s9us %all[ & n>r[ :5 pres5t2 tee? v %all[ & n>r[4 ,fl[]s semi-f]tile1 op5 mod]ately e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit v>iable 9 season ( rip5+1 usually %ortly be=e ,concord b sometimes slightly lat]1 does n always keep well4 ,clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 ( fair l5g?1 broad1 (t5 widely tap]+1 usually s+le-%\ld]$ or ) l>ge/ clu/]s sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 compact2 p$uncle m$ium to long1 v>iable 9 ?ickness2 p$icel m$ium to %ort1 ?ick1 smoo?1 ) sc>cely any enl>gem5t at po9t ( atta*m5t to fruit2 bru% long1 pale gre54 ,b]ries l>ge to bel[ m$ium1 r\ndi% to oval1 d>k r$1 dull1 cov]$ ) ?9 lilac to fa9t blue bloom1 sometimes drop badly f p$icel1 firm4 ,sk9 ?91 m$ium to t5d]1 adh]es /rongly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 slightly a/r+5t4 ,fle% v pale gre5 to ne>ly :ite1 transluc5t1 juicy1 t\gh1 co>se1 v foxy1 sweet at sk9 b q t>t at c5t]1 fair 9 quality4 ,se$s d n sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to five1 av]age1 ?ree or f\r1 int]m$iate 9 size1 m$ium to broad1 %ort1 r plump1 blunt1 br[ni%2 raphe obscure2 *alaza small1 slightly above c5t]1 oval1 n di/9ct4 ,illu/ration3 ,,woodruff ,,word54 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an41 #ahgj3ie4 #b4 ,wis4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgc3ga4 #c4 ,mi*4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahgd3beh4 #d4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahha3bd4 #e4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahha3db1 #aae1 #aba1 #abc1 #acf1 #add1 #afh4 #f4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #bg3cj1 #ig4 #ahhb4 #g4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ajc1 #ajf4 #h4 ,wis4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3agf4 #i4 ,ohio ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhf-g3aga4 #aj4 ,ill4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhg3ia4 #aa4 ,wis4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #e3afb4 #ahhh4 #ab4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #i3cbh4 #ahij4 #ac4 ,miss4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bb3ab1 #ac4 #ahib4 #ad4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aij4 #ae4 ,col4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bi3bj4 #ahid4 #af4 ,t5n4 ,/a4 ,bul41 ,vol4 #i3ahi4 #ahif4 #ag4 ,g>4 & ,=41 #i3cjj4 #ahif4 #ah4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecg1 #edb1 #edc1 #edd1 #ede1 #edg1 #eec1 #eeg4 #ahih4 #ai4 ,ev4 ,nat4 ,fruits1 #ahih3ge4 #bj4 ,ont4 ,fr4 ,exp4 ,/as4 ,rpt41 #h3aa1 fig41 #di4 #aija4 #ba4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,sp4 ,bul41 #bg3aj4 #aijd4 ,,word5',s ,,se$l+ 7#a1 #f74 ,word5's ,se$l+ 7#ab1 #ad74 ,word5 possesses mo/ ( ! good qualities ( ,concord & lacks "s ( its bad ones4 ,( all ! (fspr+ ( ,concord1 ?is v>iety is be/ kn[n & is mo/ m]itori\s4 ,x is ( ! type into :i* ne>ly all ( ! black se$l+s ( ,concord fall & surpasses all ( ^! 9 quality ?\gh x does n equal ! be/ ( ! gre5 se$l+s ( ! p>5t 9 fruit *>act]s1 especially 9 flavor4 ,x diff]s *iefly f ,concord 9 hav+ l>g] b]ries & bun*es1 9 hav+ bett] quality & 9 be+ f a week to t5 days e>li]4 ,x is equally h>dy1 heal?y1 vigor\s & productive4 ,x is m fa/idi\s 9 its adaptations to soil & o!r conditions ?an its p>5ts b n[ & !n x is f\nd to d ev5 bett] "u "s conditions4 ,word5 is n z good a grape 9 _m m9or *>act]s z ! ,concord & ?is is ! *ief reason :y x is n gr[n z mu* z its di/+ui%$ p>5t4 ,its *ief fault is t ! fruit cracks badly1 (t5 prev5t+ ! pr(itable m>ket+ ( a crop4 ,! ,concord cracks also 9 unfavorable wea!r b ! crack$ b]ries (t51 or ne>ly always1 p>tly or :olly recov] f ! injury ?r\gh ! gr[+ ov] ( ! w\nds4 ,! ,word5 lacks ! p[] ( ov]com+ ! crack+4 ,beside ?is t5d]ness ( sk91 ! pulp ( ,word5 is s(t] ?an t ( ,concord1 !re is m juice & ! keep+ qualities are n z good1 s t ! v>iety h>dly %ips z well z ! m commonly gr[n grape4 ,9 "s seasons !re is a decid$ t5d5cy to %ell or %att] if ! fruit is ov]ripe4 ,word5 is v popul> 9 ,new ,york & ! ,nor? bo? = comm]cial plantations & ! g>d54 ,x is a m desirable inhabitant ( ! g>d5 & = ne>by m>kets1 because ( high] quality1 ?an ,concord1 & "u conditions well suit$ to x1 is bett] z a comm]cial v>iety1 z x is h&som] z well z ( bett] quality4 ,9 ! m>kets x ought to sell = a high] price ?an ,concord if desir$ = imm$iate consumption & if x c be promptly h>ve/$1 z x does n hang well on ! v9es4 ,9 _m m>kets ,word5 is sold z ,concord & has ! effect ( ext5d+ ! ,concord season4 ,its e>li] season is aga9/ x = a comm]cial v>iety 9 ! great ,*autauqua ,grape ,belt ( ,new ,york & ) ! defects m5tion$ w prev5t its tak+ ! place ( ,concord to a great degree4 ,! ,word5 0 orig9at$ by ,s*uyl] ,word5 ( ,m9etto1 ,oswego ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 f se$ ( ,concord plant$ ab\t #ahfc4 ,x bore its fir/ fruit :5 f\r ye>s old4 ,its hi/ory is peculi> 9 t x 0 = _m ye>s unappreciat$1 be+ confus$ ) ,concord1 :i* 0 frequ5tly s5t out z ,word54 ,x 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahha1 :]e x /ill rema9s4 ,! v>iety 0 giv5 its "n by ,j4 ,a4 ,place ( ,oswego1 ,new ,york1 a local horticulturi/ ( "s note & a fri5d ( ,word54 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 productive1 yield+ z heavy crops z ,concord4 ,canes above m$ium 9 size & numb]1 ?ick1 d>k br[n ) r$di% t+e2 nodes enl>g$1 flatt5$2 int]nodes int]m$iate 9 l5g?2 diaphragm ?ick2 pi? ( fair size2 %oots pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 some:at sl5d]1 bifid1 sometimes trifid4 ,leaf-buds small1 %ort1 sl5d]1 po9t$1 op5 9 mid-season4 ,"y leaves t+$ on "u side & along extreme m>g9 ( upp] side ) light rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves heal?y1 l>ge1 ?ick2 upp] surface d>k gre51 glossy1 smoo?2 l[] surface light bronze1 pubesc5t2 leaf usually n lob$2 petiol> s9us ( av]age dep?1 m$ium to wide1 (t5 urn-%ap$2 tee? %all[1 m$ium 9 wid?4 ,fl[]s f]tile1 op5 9 mid-season or e>li]2 /am5s upright4 ,fruit rip5s "o or two weeks e>li] ?an ,concord1 does n keep long4 ,clu/]s l>ge1 m$ium to long1 broad1 tap]+ to cyl9drical1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 some:at compact2 p$uncle %ort1 ?ick2 p$icel ( m$ium l5g?1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) few small w>ts2 bru% long1 light gre54 ,b]ries l>ge1 r\ndi% to oval1 d>k purpli%-black to black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 n always p]si/5t1 mod]ately firm4 ,sk9 ( av]age ?ickness1 some:at t5d]1 cracks badly1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s consid]able d>k r$ pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% gre5i%1 transluc5t1 juicy1 f9e-gra9$1 t\gh1 slightly foxy1 sweet at sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 mild1 good to v good 9 quality4 ,se$s adh]5t1 "o to five1 av]age ?ree1 l>ge1 broad1 m$ium to %ort1 blunt1 br[ni%2 raphe buri$ 9 a %all[ groove2 *alaza ( av]age size1 slightly above c5t]1 oval1 some:at obscure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,word5 ,,wyom+4 7,labrusca47 #a4 ,n4 ,y4 ,ag4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahfh3bcj4 #b4 ,d[n+1 #ahfi3eeh4 #c4 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an41 #ahga3hc4 #d4 ,horticulturi/1 #bi3cci4 #e4 ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ade4 #f4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #ahhe3ajc4 #g4 ,w4 ,n4 ,y4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,rpt41 #cj3hi4 #ahhe4 #h4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,cat41 #ahhi3bd4 #i4 ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3dh4 #ahia4 #aj4 ,ill4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #bh3bfb4 #ahic4 #aa4 ,va4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #id3aci4 #ahih4 #ab4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3ecg1 #edh1 #eeg4 #ahih4 #ac4 ,mo4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #df3da1 #db1 #dd1 #df1 #ed4 #ahii4 #ad4 ,mi*4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #afi3agh4 #ahii4 #ae4 ,kan4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aaj3bch4 #aijb4 ,hopk9s ,e>ly ,r$ 7#b74 ,,wilm+ton ,,r$ 7#c1 #e74 ,,wyom+ ,,r$ 7#a1 #b1 #d1 #f1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ac1 #ad1 #ae74 ,wyom+ ,r$ 7#e74 ,su* value z ,wyom+ has lies 9 its h>d9ess1 productiv5ess1 heal?9ess & e>l9ess4 ,! g5]al appe>ance ( ! fruit ( ! v>iety is v good2 ! bun*es are well-=m$ & compos$ ( ri* amb]-color$ b]ries ( m$ium size4 ,b ! quality is poor1 be+ t ( ! wild ,labrusca 9 fox9ess ( flavor & 9 ! fle% *>act]s4 ,x is n ne>ly z valuable z "s o!r ( ! r$ ,labruscas hi!rto describ$ & c h>dly be recomm5d$ = ei!r ! g>d5 or ! v9ey>d4 ,x may be ( value 9 bre$+ "w & possibly = localities 9 :i* grapes are prec>i\sly h>dy or 9 :i* m fa/idi\s v>ieties _c be gr[n4 ,wyom+ is illu/rat$ 9 ,! ,grapes ( ,new ,york *iefly because x is a typical r$ ,labrusca ?\gh 9 times pa/ x has be5 ( comm]cial importance & h5ce has "s hi/orical int]e/4 ,wyom+ 0 introduc$ to public notice by ,dr4 ,s4 ,j4 ,p>k] ( ,i?aca1 ,new ,york1 :o /ates t x came f nor!rn ,p5nsylvania 9 #ahfa4 ,ab\t #ahgj x 0 fruit$ 9 c5tral ,new ,york :]e x imm$iately attract$ att5tion & 0 exhibit$ at v>i\s fairs & horticultural society meet+s4 ,x 0 nam$ aft] ! ,wyom+ ,valley1 beyond :i* place x c\ld n be trac$1 & :]e x presumably orig9at$4 ,! v>iety 0 fir/ kn[n z ,wyom+ ,r$ b lat] ! ,r$ 0 dropp$4 ,ano!r v>iety "u ! "n ,wyom+ prec$$ ?is4 ,x 0 a black-fruit$ sort ( app>5tly no value & seems n[ to be obsolete4 ,! "n ,wilm+ton ,r$ has be5 us$ to designate ?is v>iety1 by :at au?ority does n appe>1 z x 0 app>5tly fir/ describ$ "u ! "n ,wyom+ ,r$4 ,! ,wyom+ 0 plac$ on ! grape li/ ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society fruit catalog 9 #ahhi & remov$ 9 #ahii4 ,9 spite ( ! fact t ?is v>iety has be5 disc>d$ by ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society1 x is /ill (f]$ = sale by _m grape nurs]ym54 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 productive to v productive4 ,canes m$ium to bel[ 9 l5g?1 num]\s1 sl5d]1 d>k r$di%-br[n1 surface cov]$ ) a slight am\nt ( blue bloom2 nodes enl>g$1 frequ5tly flatt5$2 int]nodes %ort to m$ium2 diaphragm m$ium to bel[ 9 ?ickness2 pi? m$ium 9 size2 %oots ?9ly pubesc5t2 t5drils cont9u\s1 r %ort1 bifid4 ,leaf-buds small1 %ort1 sl5d]1 po9t$ to conical1 op5 late4 ,"y leaves slightly t+$ on "u side only ) fa9t rose-c>m9e4 ,leaves m$ium 9 size1 ( av]age ?ickness2 upp] surface light gre51 dull1 smoo?2 l[] surface dull gre5 ) t+e ( bronze1 slightly pubesc5t2 lobes none to ?ree ) t]m9us acute to acum9ate2 petiol> s9us m$ium to %all[1 wide to m$ium2 basal s9us usually none2 lat]al s9us %all[ & wide :5 pres5t2 tee? %all[1 ( av]age wid?4 ,fl[]s /]ile1 op5 9 mid-season2 /am5s reflex$4 ,fruit usually rip5s f a week to t5 days e>li] ?an ,concord1 keeps & %ips well = a grape ( its species4 ,clu/]s m$ium to small1 frequ5tly bel[ av]age l5g?1 m$ium to r sl5d]1 slightly cyl9drical to tap]+1 usually n %\ld]$ b sometimes ) a small s+le %\ld]1 compact to m$ium4 ,p$uncle %ort to m$ium1 sl5d]2 p$icel %ort1 sl5d]1 cov]$ ) few small w>ts2 bru% sl5d]1 m$ium 9 l5g?1 pale gre5 ) br[ni% t+e4 ,b]ries above m$ium to small1 r\ndi%1 d>k dull r$ to ri* amb] r$1 cov]$ ) ?9 lilac bloom1 p]si/5t1 firm4 ,sk9 m$ium 9 ?ickness1 t5d]1 adh]es slightly to ! pulp1 conta9s no pigm5t1 a/r+5t4 ,fle% pale gre51 transluc5t1 juicy1 t\gh & solid1 /rongly foxy1 v9\s1 sweet at sk9 to t>t at c5t]1 poor 9 quality4 ,se$s d n sep>ate easily f ! pulp1 "o to ?ree1 av]age two & ?ree1 int]m$iate 9 size1 bread? & l5g?1 slightly not*$1 usually r blunt1 light br[n2 raphe buri$ 9 a n>r[1 %all[ groove2 *alaza ( av]age size1 slightly above c5t]1 irregul>ly circul> to oval1 obscure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wyom+ ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,m9or ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,am]ican ,,grapes4 ,abby ,cl+ott54 7,lab47 ,not$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahfc z a wor?less ,labrusca4 ,ada4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,valk's ,se$l+4 7,see page #ef47 ,orig9at$ 9 #ahde by ,dr4 ,valk1 ( ,flu%+1 ,long ,isl&1 f ,isabella f]tiliz$ by ,black ,hamburg4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 bun*es v l>ge1 compact to loose2 b]ries l>ge2 sk9 ?91 almo/ black2 v9\s flavor4 ,?is is ! fir/ record$ hybrid betwe5 ,labrusca & ,v9if]a4 ,adelaide4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,a hybrid betwe5 ,concord & ,muscat ,hamburg1 by ,ricketts2 br\ght to notice 9 #ahgj4 ,bun* %\ld]$1 loose2 b]ries l>ge1 oval1 black2 sweet & sprightly4 ,adelia4 7,rip487 ,petit ,noir4 ,not$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report1 #ahei1 z a small black native grape1 rais$ 9 ,orange ,c\nty1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,adel9e4 7,lab47 ,"o ( ,t4 ,b4 ,m9]'s se$l+s ( ,concord4 ,vigor\s2 b]ry l>ge1 light gre54 ,admirable4 7,l9c4 ,ae/47 ,f ,munson2 introduc$ 9 #ahid4 ,vigor\s2 leaves l>ge1 smoo?2 /am5s reflex$2 bun* m$ium1 %\ld]$1 mod]ately compact2 b]ry small1 black2 sweet & sprightly4 ,adobe4 7,long47 ,a wild v>iety ( ,vitis longii2 f\nd by ,munson 9 ,hut*9son ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] small2 b]ry small1 black2 rip5s e>ly4 ,aik54 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,closely resembles ,isabella & is ! same v>iety or a se$l+4 ,albaiis4 ,not$ by ,w>d] 9 #ahfg z foll[s3 ,v9e ?rifty1 h>dy2 bun* l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 black2 good4 ,albania4 7,l9c4 ,ae/4 ,lab4 ,b\rq47 ,p>5ts1 ,po/-oak1 ,norton1 & ,h]bemont2 f ,munson4 ,v vigor\s1 prolific2 clu/] l>ge to v l>ge1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 transluc5t :ite2 juicy1 t5d]1 sprightly2 v late4 ,alb]t4 7,lab47 ,f ,!ophile ,hub]1 ( ,ill9ois ,city1 ,ill9ois4 ,vigor\s2 leaf l>ge1 heal?y2 bun* small1 compact2 b]ry v l>ge1 r\nd1 r$ ) blui% bloom2 sk9 ?91 t5d]2 sweet1 spicy1 v9\s2 season ab\t ) ,concord4 ,alb9o4 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,g>b]'s ,alb9o2 ,g>b]'s ,:ite4 ,f ,j4 ,b4 ,g>b]1 ,columbia1 ,p5nsylvania1 previ\s to #ahcj1 f ! se$ ( ,york ,madeira4 ,bun* m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 oval1 gre5i%-:ite2 sweet4 ,al$o4 7,lab47 ,f ,b4 ,f4 ,/+]1 ,*>lottesville1 ,indiana1 ab\t #ahhg4 ,bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry m$ium to l>ge1 gre51 t+$ ) yell[1 ne>ly r\nd1 oblate2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,ale?a4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,br\ght to notice ab\t #ahgj1 at ,ottawa1 ,ill9ois2 said to be a ,catawba se$l+4 ,bun* m$ium2 b]ries purple1 ne>ly black2 fle% pulpy1 foxy2 e>ly4 ,alf>ata4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,brighton cross$ ) ,delaw>e2 f ,h5ry ,b4 ,sp5c]1 ,rocky ,riv]1 ,ohio1 ab\t #ahij4 ,b]ries small1 d>k r$ ) a ri*1 v9\s flavor4 ,alice ,lee4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,lady ,wa%+ton2 f ,w4 ,h4 ,lightfoot1 ,spr+field1 ,ill9ois4 ,vigor\s1 mod]ately productive2 clu/]s m$ium1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 gold5 yell[2 v good2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,allair4 ,describ$ by ,d[n+ 9 #ahfi4 ,bun* small1 loose2 b]ry m$ium1 r$di%-br[n2 fle% pulpy1 h>%1 poor4 ,alma4 7,rip4 ,lab4 ,v9487 ,a se$l+ ( ,bac*us f]tiliz$ ) a d\btful hybrid se$l+2 f ,ricketts4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y2 bun* m$ium1 compact1 seldom %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 black1 blue bloom2 spicy1 v sweet2 season ) or aft] ,h>t=d4 ,alphonse4 7,lab4 ,rip4 ,v947 ,f ,!ophile ,hub]1 ,ill9ois ,city1 ,ill9ois4 ,/rong op5 gr[]2 leaf subject to disease2 a %y be>]2 bun* m$ium1 loose2 b]ry l>ge1 oval1 yell[i%2 lat] ?an ,concord4 ,aluwe4 7,l9c4 ,v94 ,lab4 ,b\rq487 ,a se$l+ ( ,lucky poll9at$ by ,c>man2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s late4 ,alvey4 7,ae/4 ,v947 ,hag>4 ,f ,dr4 ,h>vey1 ( ,hag]/[n1 ,m>yl&4 ,br\ght to notice ab\t #ahfj2 9 #ahfg li/$ by ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society b dropp$ 9 #ahhc4 ,m$ium 9 vigor1 unc]ta9ly productive1 mildews2 /am5s reflex$2 bun*es m$ium1 loose1 %\ld]$2 b]ries small1 r\nd1 black2 juicy1 sweet1 v9\s2 v good2 sk9 ?92 rip5s e>ly4 ,amalia4 7,lab4 ,rip47 ,amelia4 ,a cross betwe5 ,rommel's ,fai? & ,ives2 f ,f4 ,e4 ,l4 ,raut5b]g1 ,l9coln1 ,ill9ois4 ,v h>dy1 heal?y2 lea!ry foliage2 bun* above m$ium2 b]ries m$ium1 r\nd1 black2 good quality2 almo/ l ,rog]s' ,am9ia4 ,am&a4 7,lab47 ,f ,miss\ri1 ab\t #ahfh4 ,/rong gr[]1 productive2 bun*es l>ge1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 black1 blue bloom1 h>d pulp1 ?ick sk9n$2 poor quality2 may be ! same z ,augu/ ,pione]4 ,ambecon4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,rup47 ,p>5tage1 ,am]ica cross$ ) ,beacon2 f ,munson 9 #ahig4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s late4 ,amb]4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,rommel's ,amb]4 ,! same p>5tage z ,elvira2 f ,jacob ,rommel4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 mod]ately productive2 bun*es long1 %\ld]$1 some:at loose2 b]ry m$ium1 oblong1 pale amb]2 pulp t5d]1 sweet1 juicy2 sk9 ?92 season betwe5 ,concord & ,catawba4 ,amb]bonte4 7,b\rq4 ,l9c4 ,rup47 ,a cross betwe5 ,am]ica & ,h]bemont2 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s & prolific2 clu/] v l>ge2 b]ry small to m$ium1 d>k r$2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 fle% t5d]1 juicy2 f9e quality2 rip5s ) ,h]bemont4 ,am]ican ,hamburg4 7,lab47 ,a l>ge black grape pron\nc$ a wor?less ,labrusca by ,pr9ce 9 #ahfc4 ,am]sion4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,rup47 ,p>5tage1 ,am]ica poll9at$ by ,pr(usion2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s late4 ,amonta4 7,mont4 ,rup4 ,l9c47 ,a se$l+ ( ,vitis monticola poll9at$ by ,am]ica2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,clu/] m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s late4 ,amos4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,a ,delaw>e se$l+ gr[n 9 #ahfe by ,w4 ,w4 ,jones1 ,d\glas ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 b]ry m$ium2 good keep]4 ,amy4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,w4 ,h4 ,lightfoot1 ,spr+field1 ,ill9ois4 ,heal?y1 h>dy2 b]ries gre5i%-yell[2 rip5s ) p>5t4 ,&ov]4 7,lab47 ,accord+ to ,mitzky1 #ahic1 a black fox grape ( no value4 ,anida4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,arkansas ,exp]im5t ,/ation ,report = #ahij z a v>iety1 ! foliage ( :i* 0 b little affect$ by ! grape leaf fold]4 ,anna4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,catawba2 f ,eli ,hasbr\ck1 ( ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 fruit$ 9 #ahea & lat] introduc$ by ,dr4 ,grant ( ,iona4 ,resembles ! ,catawba 9 appe>ance ( v9e b is unheal?y & feeble2 bun*es m$ium1 loose2 b]ries m$ium1 pale amb]2 meaty1 v9\s2 rip5s ) ,catawba4 ,annie ,m4 7,lab47 ,a *ance se$l+ f ,l4 ,c4 ,*i%olm4 ,vigor\s1 unproductive2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 :iti%-gre52 sweet2 rip5s ) ,diamond4 ,anuta4 7,l9c4 ,rup4 ,lab47 ,p>5tage1 ,am]ica cross$ ) ,beacon2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 rip5s m$ium late4 ,arbeka4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,rup47 ,p>5tage1 ,am]ica cross$ ) ,pr(usion2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s late4 ,ar*]4 7,v94 ,lab487 ,a *ance se$l+ :i* fruit$ ab\t #ahea 9 ! g>d5 ( ,ellis ,s4 ,ar*]1 ,philadelphia1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,foliage %[s ,v9if]a2 bun* above m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 incl9+ to oval1 gre5i%-:ite to amb]2 juicy1 sweet2 v good2 rip5s late4 ,ariadne4 7,v94 ,rip4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,cl9ton & a ,v9if]a2 f ,ricketts4 ,v9e mod]ately vigor\s2 bun* small to m$ium1 compact2 b]ry small1 r\nd1 black4 ,arkansaw4 7,lab47 ,wells ,se$l+4 ,f ,joseph ,h>t1 ,fayetteville1 ,arkansas1 9 #ahic4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 bun* m$ium1 mod]ately compact2 b]ry m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 dull p9k ) m9ute r$ dots2 sweet1 v foxy2 h>dly fair 9 quality4 ,armalaga4 7,v94 ,l9c4 ,lab47 ,f ,munson1 ab\t #aijg1 :o gives x z a hybrid ( ,armlong & ,malaga4 ,v vigor\s1 heal?y2 clu/] l>ge1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 yell[i%-gre54 ,armbrilong4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,armlong cross$ ) ,brilliant2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] v l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 r$2 rip5s late4 ,armlong4 7,l9c4 ,v94 ,lab47 ,a hybrid ( ,t5-,doll>-,prize cross$ ) ,black ,eagle2 f ,munson4 ,on acc\nt ( its l>ge clu/]s1 us$ l>gely by ! orig9ator 9 cross+4 ,aroma4 7,lab47 ,not$ 9 ! ,h]mann ,grape ,nurs]ies ,catalog = #aijf z a new r$ v>iety2 bun*es m$ium2 b]ries v l>ge2 f9e aroma4 ,arrold4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,accord+ to ,husmann 9 #ahgj1 s mu* l ,cassady t x w n pay to cultivate ! two4 ,atavite4 7,lab47 ,a ,concord se$l+2 f ,munson1 9 #ahhe4 ,lacks vigor1 unproductive2 /am5s erect2 clu/] small1 irregul>2 b]ries small1 black2 good2 v e>ly2 n[ disc>d$ by ,munson4 ,atoka4 7,l9c4 ,rup4 ,b\rq4 ,lab47 ,a cross-bre$ ( ,am]ica & ,delaw>e2 li/$ by ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y2 clu/]s l>ge1 (t5 ) %ort %\ld]1 mod]ately compact2 b]ries small to m$ium1 globul>1 d>k purpli%-r$2 sk9 ?92 juicy1 sprightly2 good4 ,auburn ,pe>l4 7,lab47 ,not$ by ,dr4 ,p>k] ( ,i?aca1 ,new ,york1 z f a ,mr4 ,cox ( ,auburn1 ,new ,york4 ,:ite2 mild1 sweet2 e>ly4 ,aughwick4 7,rip47 ,f\nd wild 9 ! ,aughwick ,valley1 ,p5nsylvania1 by ,william ,a4 ,frak] ( ,%irleysburg4 ,resembles ,cl9ton2 b]ries l>g] & v9e less productive4 ,augu/ ,coral4 7,lab47 ,not$ by ,pr9ce 9 #aheh z f ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,h>dy2 b]ries bright r$2 e>ly1 sweet4 ,augu/ ,pione]4 7,lab47 ,orig9 unkn[n2 introduc$ ab\t #ahfg4 ,a co>se1 l>ge1 black grape ) firm1 h>d1 pulpy fle%2 e>ly4 ,augu/a4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,t4 ,b4 ,m9]4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 unproductive2 bun* m$ium2 b]ries m$ium1 :ite2 fair quality2 e>ly4 ,augu/a4 7,lab47 ,f a ,mr4 ,brod]ick ( ,/4 ,ca!r9es1 ,ont>io4 ,not$ only z hav+ be5 exhibit$ by ,ont>io at ! ,_w's ,fair 9 #ahic4 ,augu/9a4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,by ,munson2 f ,delaw>e1 ,goe! & ,brilliant4 ,introduc$ 9 #aija "u ! "n ,augu/a b *ang$ to ! above4 ,vigor\s1 v prolific2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry v l>ge1 transluc5t1 c>m9e2 pulp meaty1 t5d]1 juicy4 ,au/ralis4 7,long47 ,a wild v>iety ( ,vitis longii f\nd by ,munson on ! ,r$ ,riv] 9 ,texas4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] small to m$ium2 b]ry v small1 black2 rip5s v e>ly4 ,auteonello4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,ont>io ,fruit ,gr[]s' ,association ,report = #ahhg z a v>iety ( m$ium vigor4 ,av]y ,prolific4 7,lab487 ,not$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,horticultural ,annual = #ahgj z a black grape receiv$ f ,john ,p4 ,av]y1 ,norwi*1 ,connecticut1 & z v e>ly1 a great be>]1 & ( poor quality4 ,avilla4 7,ae/47 ,not$ 9 ! ,miss\ri ,horticultural ,society ,report = #ahia z a black grape ( ! same type & "* z ,cyn?iana2 a native ( s\!rn ,kansas4 ,vigor\s1 productive1 h>dy1 heal?y2 fruit black2 sweet1 sprightly1 v9\s4 ,ayres ,pride4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,e4 ,j4 ,ayres1 ,villa ,ridge1 ,ill9ois1 ab\t #ahij4 ,heal?y2 bun* l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 quality be/2 resembles ,norfolk4 ,azure4 7,ae/47 ,not$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report = #ahic1 z f ,j4 ,s4 ,breece1 ,fayetteville1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,clu/] m$ium1 cyl9drical1 small %\ld]s1 mod]ately compact2 b]ry m$ium to bel[1 r\ndi%1 adh]+ firmly1 black2 meaty1 sweet ) pleasant aroma2 season ) ,catawba4 ,bad>t4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,p>5tage1 ,t5-,doll>-,prize cross$ ) ,triumph2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge2 rip5s late4 ,bailey ,prolific4 7,lab487 ,a ,mr4 ,weis1 9 ! ,ill9ois ,horticultural ,society ,report = #ahfe1 speaks ( ,bailey ,prolific4 ,productive1 h>dy1 heal?y1 sup]ior 9 flavor to ,h>t=d4 ,may be ! same z ,av]y ,prolific4 ,bailie4 ,f ,samuel ,bailie1 ( ,virg9ia1 ab\t #ahcj4 ,fruit ( m$ium size1 r$1 free f pulp4 ,bak]4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,m5tion$ by ,mitzky 9 #ahic z a se$l+ ( ,isabella :i* x resembles4 ,baldw9 ,l5oir4 7,b\rq47 ,a suppos$ se$l+ ( ,l5oir f ,we/*e/]1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,foliage & habit ( gr[? l ,l9coln2 bun* small1 loose2 b]ries small1 black1 sug>y2 a w9e grape4 ,balzig]4 7,lab4 ,ae/47 ,a cross betwe5 ,norton & ,m>?a2 f ,j4 ,balzig]1 ,highl&1 ,ill9ois4 ,( agreeable ta/e1 rip5s v late4 ,balzig]'s ,concord ,se$l+ ,no4 #b4 7,lab47 ,resembles ,concord2 rip5s lat]4 ,balzig]'s ,no4 #cb4 7,lab47 ,a f9e-flavor$ :ite ,concord se$l+2 mu/ #hd4 ,baltimore ,se$l+4 ,not$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahde z f ,sidney ,well]1 ,br9kleyville1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,b>b>a4 ,f ,!ophile ,hub]4 ,mod]ately vigor\s2 %y be>]2 bun* small & irregul>2 b]ry m$ium1 gre5i%-:ite2 sweet1 ri*1 t5d] pulp2 rip5s ) ,agawam4 ,b>nes4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,p>k] ,b>nes1 ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts1 ab\t #ahfd4 ,bun*es %\ld]$2 b]ries m$ium1 oval1 black2 sweet2 good2 9 season ) ,h>t=d4 ,b>nes4 7,*amp47 ,a wild v9e ( ,vitis *amp9i2 f\nd 9 ,bell ,c\nty1 ,texas1 by ,munson4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/]s small2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s mid-season4 ,b>oness4 7,lab47 ,f ,dr4 ,h4 ,s*ro$]1 ,bloom+ton1 ,ill9ois4 ,resembles ,moore ,e>ly 9 v9e & fruit4 ,b>tlett4 7,lab47 ,a pale r$ v>iety f\nd 9 ! woods at ,lex+ton1 ,massa*usetts1 by ,elias ,ph9ney4 ,pron\nc$ a wor?less ,labrusca by ,pr9ce 9 #ahfc4 ,bates4 7,lab47 ,giv5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report = #ahfi z a ,labrusca4 ,bau*man ,r$ ,fox4 7,lab47 ,pr9ce /ates 9 #ahcj t he receiv$ ?is v9e f ,c4 ,bau*man ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,fruit ( l>ge size1 resembl+ ! common r$ fox 9 flavor & color4 ,baxt]4 7,ae/47 ,a s\!rn grape consid]$ wor?less by ,pr9ce 9 #ahfc4 ,clu/]s l>ge2 b]ries small1 black2 season v late4 ,bay ,/ate4 7,v94 ,rip4 ,lab47 ,f ,n4 ,b4 ,:ite2 p>5ts1 ,m>ion cross$ by ,black ,hamburg4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 bun* m$ium1 %\ld]$2 b]ry slightly oblong1 r$2 juicy1 sweet1 sprightly2 season e>ly4 ,bea*4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,p>5tage1 ,po/-oak ,no4 #c cross$ ) ,triumph2 f ,munson 9 #ahhi4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/]s l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s e>ly4 ,beagle4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,elvira cross$ ) ,ives2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahhh4 ,vigor\s1 mod]ately productive2 bun* m$ium1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ry small to m$ium1 oblong1 black ) heavy bloom2 pulp firm1 sweet2 rip5s ab\t ) ,moore ,e>ly4 ,beansville4 ,m5tion$ by ,william ,saund]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 #ahfd1 z n be+ wor?y ( fur!r att5tion4 ,beau=t4 7,rot47 ,giv5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report = #ahga z a cultivat$ v>iety ( ,rotundifolia4 ,beauty ( ,m9nesota4 7,lab4 ,b\rq47 ,f ,j4 ,c4 ,kram] ( ,la ,cresc5t1 ,m9nesota1 ab\t #ahff2 suppos$ p>5ts1 ,delaw>e & ,concord4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y2 bun* l>ge1 compact1 (t5 %\ld]$2 b]ry gre5i%-yell[2 good2 rip5s e>ly4 ,beav]dam4 7,lab48 ,v9487 ,pr9ce1 9 #ahcj1 gives ?is v>iety z f ,virg9ia1 & /ates t v9e & fruit resemble ,bl&4 ,beeby ,black4 ,describ$ 9 ! ,ill9ois ,horticultural ,society ,report = #ahig z m productive ?an ,moore ,e>ly2 bun* & b]ry n z l>ge2 rip5s a little e>li]2 h>dly z good4 ,bel9da4 7,lab47 ,f ,t4 ,b4 ,m9]2 a :ite se$l+ ( ,concord ) l>ge1 juicy1 sweet1 slightly foxy fruit2 rip5s %ortly aft] ,lady4 ,belton4 7,*amp4 ,v94 ,lab4 ,b\rq47 ,p>5tage1 ,de ,grasset cross$ ) ,brilliant2 f ,munson4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s m$ium e>ly4 ,belvid]e4 7,lab47 ,suppos$ to be a se$l+ ( ,concord or ,h>t=d f ,belvid]e1 ,ill9ois2 br\ght to notice by ,dr4 ,l4 ,l4 ,lake 9 #ahgj4 ,resembles ! ,h>t=d 9 v9e & fruit2 e>ly4 ,belv94 7,l9c4 ,rip4 ,lab47 ,f ,munson4 ,v /rong gr[]2 l>ge1 loose1 oblong bun*es2 b]ries m$ium1 black ) blue bloom2 quality fair2 rip5s v late4 ,b54 7,l9c4 ,ae/4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,t5-,doll>-,prize cross$ ) ,norton2 f ,munson 9 #ahhi4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s late4 ,b5 ,hur4 7,l9c4 ,ae/4 ,lab4 ,b\rq47 ,a comb9ation ( ,po/-oak ) ,norton & ,h]bemont2 f ,munson4 ,exhibit$ at ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #aijc & introduc$ ab\t #aijd4 ,vigor\s1 prolific1 heal?y2 clu/] l>ge1 r loose2 b]ry small1 black2 %ells2 good2 rip5s late4 ,b5jam94 7,lab47 ,f ,w4 ,h4 ,lightfoot1 ,spr+field1 ,ill9ois2 (fspr+ ( ,nor!rn ,muscad9e4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] l>ge1 loose to compact2 b]ry l>ge1 black ) blue bloom1 pulpy2 flavor simil> to ,woodruff2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,b]ks4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,lehigh4 ,a se$l+ ( ,catawba2 f ,b]ks ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 ab\t #ahfc4 ,vigor\s1 v9e simil> to p>5t2 bun* l>ge1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 r$2 ( ,catawba flavor4 ,b]laussel4 7,b]l&4 ,l9c4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,vitis b]l&i]i & ,laussel2 f ,munson4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/]s l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 purple2 rip5s v late4 ,b]l94 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,geo4 ,hos=d1 ,ionia1 ,mi*igan4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 unproductive2 bun* l>ge1 small-%\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 gre5i%-yell[2 sweet1 v9\s1 ) slight fox9ess2 quality fair to good2 rip5s mid-season4 ,b]?a4 7,lab47 ,f ,!ophile ,hub]1 ,ill9ois ,city1 ,ill9ois2 ab\t #ahib4 ,vigor\s2 self-f]tile2 clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 :ite ) yell[i% t+e2 ( fair quality2 rip5s ) ,word54 ,b]?a4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,ro5beck2 f ,fr$ ,ro5beck1 ,bayonne1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,bun* & b]ries n z l>ge z ! p>5t2 :ite2 sweet2 ( fair quality4 ,beta4 7,lab4 ,rip487 ,a cross betwe5 ,c>v] & ,concord2 f ,l4 ,snelt]1 ,c>v]1 ,m9nesota4 ,v h>dy1 productive2 fruit ( fair quality2 e>ly4 ,beta4 ,a ,labrusca-,v9if]a hybrid giv5 by ! ,canada ,exp]im5tal ,f>ms ,report1 #ahif1 z orig9at+ 9 ,london1 ,ont>io4 ,a table grape1 nei!r l>ge nor attractive4 ,bett9a4 7,v94 ,lab4 ,rip47 ,p>5tage1 ,h>t=d cross$ ) ,muscat ,hamburg2 f ,g4 ,w4 ,campbell1 ,delaw>e1 ,ohio4 ,9 appe>ance & quality int]m$iate betwe5 ! two p>5ts4 ,big ,b]ry4 7,l9c47 ,big ,bun*2 ,great ,clu/]8 ,a v>iety ( ! nor? ,texas glauc\s =m ( ,l9cecumii consid]ably us$ by ,munson 9 8 bre$+ "w4 ,x is *>act]iz$ by great vigor ( v9e & l>ge bun* & b]ry4 ,"o p>5t ( ,bailey1 ,colli]1 ,r4 ,w4 ,munson1 & _m o!rs4 ,big ,black4 7,l9c4 ,lab47 ,f ,munson4 ,vigor\s2 bun*es l>ge1 loose to compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ries v l>ge1 black1 simil> to ,concord 9 appe>ance2 poor 9 quality2 rip5s aft] ,concord2 good %ipp]4 ,big ,clu/]4 7,mont47 ,a v>iety ( ,vitis monticola2 f\nd by ,munson 9 ,bell ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] l>ge to m$ium2 b]ry small1 purple2 rip5s v late4 ,big ,hope4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,munson1 ab\t #ahhi2 p>5ts1 ,big ,b]ry cross$ ) ,triumph4 ,vigor\s2 clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 v>iable 9 compactness2 b]ries small to m$ium1 purpli%2 fair 9 quality4 ,big ,oz>k4 7,lab47 ,9 #ahfc1 ,pr9ce not$ ?is z a wor?less ,labrusca4 ,bird's ,egg4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,d[n+1 9 #ahfi1 describ$ ,bird's ,egg z foll[s3 ,bun* long1 po9t$2 b]ry long1 oval1 :iti%1 ) br[n specks2 fle% pulpy2 only good z a curiosity4 ,resembles ,catawba4 ,bi%op4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a *ance se$l+ f ,d4 ,bi%op1 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 ab\t #aije4 ,a suppos$ (fspr+ ( ,brighton f]tiliz$ by ,diamond4 ,fruit mu* l ,diamond 9 color & size b less compact2 rip5s ) ,w9*ell4 ,bism>ck4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,brighton2 produc$ by ,f4 ,e4 ,l4 ,raut5b]g1 ( ,l9coln1 ,ill9ois4 ,almo/ a reproduction ( its p>5t except t x is h>di]4 ,bism>ck4 7,lab487 ,a *ance se$l+ f ,fr$ ,ro5beck1 ,bayonne1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,heal?y1 vigor\s1 productive2 bun* l>ge2 b]ries l>ge1 black1 agreeable aroma4 ,black ,be>4 ,m5tion$ 9 ,texas ,/ation ,bullet9 ,no4 #dh1 #ahih1 z h>dly desirable2 bun* oblong1 loose2 b]ries size ( ,l5oir1 black ) blue bloom2 acid b r pleasant2 self-/]ile2 rip5s mid-season4 ,black ,cl>et4 7,lab47 ,not$ by ,w4 ,r4 ,pr9ce 9 #ahfc z a wor?less ,labrusca4 ,black ,clu/]4 ,a v h>dy1 v productive1 black1 m$ium-siz$ native rais$ at an e>ly day 9 ! ,nor?we/4 ,black ,delaw>e4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e rais$ by ,rommel ( ,miss\ri ov] ?irty ye>s ago4 ,fruit resembles ,delaw>e v closely except = ! color :i* is black4 ,v9e mildews 9 "s neighborhoods4 ,black ,he>t4 7,v94 ,rip4 ,lab47 ,p>5tage1 ,m>ion cross$ ) ,black ,hamburg2 orig9at$ by ,n4 ,b4 ,:ite ( ,norwood1 ,massa*usetts2 exhibit$ at ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahgb4 ,b]ry m$ium2 sweet & juicy4 ,black ,h]bemont4 7,b\rq4 ,ae/48 ,lab487 ,ei!r a ,h]bemont se$l+ or ,h]bemont cross$ ) ,norton2 f ,munson1 9 #ahic4 ,vigor\s1 productive1 heal?y2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s l>ge1 loose2 b]ry small1 black2 poor quality2 rip5s late4 ,black ,k+4 7,rip4 ,lab487 ,fir/ notic$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahfc1 :o describes x z an e>ly1 small1 good table & w9e grape4 ,full] receiv$ ! v>iety f ,bucks ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 & 9 ,record ( ,horticulture = #ahfh he writes3 ,said to be a fox grape2 b ! specim5 v9es we receiv$ f a v reliable s\rce1 h p]si/$ 9 be>+ ,cl9ton grapes4 ,black ,madeira4 7,v94 ,rip4 ,lab47 ,madeira4 ,p>5tage1 ,m>ion cross$ ) ,black ,hamburg2 orig9at$ by ,n4 ,b4 ,:ite2 exhibit$ be=e ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahgc4 ,l>ge1 op5 bun*2 b]ry v small2 sprightly flavor2 good4 ,black ,rose4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,p>5tage1 ,concord cross$ ) ,salem2 rais$ by ,raut5b]g1 ( ,l9coln1 ,ill9ois1 9 #ahhd4 ,v9e resembles ,concord1 h>dy1 subject to mildew2 bun* simil> to ,concord2 b]ries l>ge1 black2 ( f9e flavor4 ,black ,septemb]4 7,rip487 ,giv5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahfj z a small1 juicy1 unproductive native grape "u te/ by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,black/one4 7,lab47 ,an e>ly black grape ( poor quality1 pron\nc$ a wor?less ,labrusca by ,pr9ce 9 #ahfc4 ,black ,taylor4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,rommel's ,no4 #ai4 ,f ,rommel1 ab\t #ahhb2 simil> to ,montefiore4 ,black ,t5nessee4 7,ae/47 ,accord+ to ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly1 #ahei3 ,bun* l>ge1 long1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 br[ni%-crimson ) blue bloom2 v juicy1 sweet4 ,black ,virg9ia4 7,rip47 ,a wild fro/ grape ( ,virg9ia2 said to h be5 dissem9at$ by ,pet] ,raabe z ! ,emily4 ,blackwood4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,p>5tage1 ,delago by ,gov]nor ,irel&2 f ,munson1 9 #ahig4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 rip5s e>ly4 ,blanco4 7,rip4 ,v94 ,lab47 ,se$l+ ( ,elvira cross$ ) ,triumph2 f ,munson4 ,unproductive1 self-/]ile2 clu/] m$ium1 cyl9drical1 loose2 b]ry m$ium1 oval1 purple ) blue bloom1 mod]ately juicy1 some:at v9\s1 sweet2 good2 season ab\t ) ,concord4 ,bl&4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,bl&'s ,fox2 ,bl&'s ,madeira2 ,bl&'s ,pale ,r$2 ,bl&'s ,virg9ia2 ,c>ol9a ,p[el2 ,p[ell2 ,r$ ,bl&2 ,r$ ,scupp]nong2 ,rose ,grape2 ,virg9ia ,muscadell4 ,an old v>iety br\ght to notice by ,colonel ,bl& ( ,virg9ia 9 ! latt] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,mod]ately vigor\s2 leaves lob$1 light gre51 smoo?1 delicate2 clu/] long1 loose1 (t5 ) imp]fect b]ries2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd2 p$icels long2 sk9 ?ick1 light r$ to d>k purple2 fle% pulpy1 sprightly1 slightly foxy2 rip5s late4 ,_m ( ! e>ly au?orities consid] ,bl& a probable ,v9if]a hybrid on acc\nt ( its resemblance to ! ,european ,*asselas4 ,blond94 7,b\rq4 ,ae/4 ,l9c4 ,lab47 ,a comb9ation ( ,t5-,doll>-,prize1 ,po/-oak1 ,norton & ,h]bemont2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,v vigor\s1 prolific2 clu/] l>ge1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 :ite1 transluc5t2 juicy1 sprightly1 acid2 rip5s ) ,catawba4 ,blood4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,l9cecumii f]tiliz$ ) ,h]bemont2 f ,munson4 ,mod]ate 9 vigor & productiv5ess2 bun* small to m$ium1 compact2 b]ry small1 black1 juicy1 ) a sprightly subacid flavor1 se$y2 rip5s a week lat] ?an ,concord4 ,blood ,black4 7,lab47 ,f a ,mr4 ,blood1 ,newburyport1 ,massa*usetts1 ab\t #ahed4 ,h>dy1 vigor\s1 productive2 bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 black2 sweet1 ) /rong1 foxy flavor2 rip5s e>ly4 ,blood ,:ite4 7,lab47 ,f ,blood1 ,newburyport1 ,massa*usetts1 ab\t #ahed4 ,a r$ grape ) ! same g5]al *>act]s z ,blood ,black4 ,blue ,dy]4 7,rip47 ,accord+ to ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahhc3 ,bun* m$ium2 b]ries small1 black4 ,blue ,favorite4 7,ae/487 ,purple ,favorite4 ,f ,georgia1 ab\t #ahbe or e>li]4 ,v vigor\s1 resembl+ ,cunn+ham b n s prolific2 clu/] l>ge1 conical2 b]ries small1 r\nd1 black2 juicy1 v9\s2 good2 rip5s ) ,h]bemont4 ,blue ,imp]ial4 7,lab47 ,describ$ by ,d[n+ 9 #ahfi z foll[s3 ,vigor\s1 heal?y1 unproductive2 bun* m$ium1 %ort2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 black1 h>d pulp2 poor 9 quality2 rip5s ) ,h>t=d4 ,boadicea4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a cross ( ,telegraph ) ,black ,hamburg2 f ,*as4 ,j4 ,copley1 ,/apleton1 ,new ,york4 ,( m$ium vigor2 bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry oval2 meaty1 sweet ) a ri*1 aromatic flavor2 good keep]2 rip5s ) ,isabella4 ,boadicea4 7,lab47 ,a ,concord se$l+2 f ,t4 ,b4 ,m9] ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,vigor\s1 unproductive2 bun* small2 b]ry small1 :ite4 ,bok*ito4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,e>ly ,purple cross$ ) ,brilliant2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s mid-season4 ,bonne ,madame4 ,li/$ ) v>ieties :i* rip5$ e>lie/ at ! ,exp]im5tal ,f>ms1 ,canada1 9 #aije4 ,bottsi4 7,b\rq47 ,f ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,v vigor\s1 productive2 bun* v l>ge1 loose2 b]ry bel[ m$ium1 light to d>k p9k1 susceptible to black-rot4 ,v simil> to ,h]bemont & names by "s believ$ to be synonym\s4 ,b\lev>d4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,a4 ,koe?1 ,*>lotte1 ,new ,york2 ,concord cross$ ) ,brighton4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 bun* l>ge1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 gre5i%-:ite2 juicy1 sweet1 v9\s2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,b[man4 7,lab47 ,describ$ 9 ,magaz9e ( ,horticulture1 #ahfc1 by ,pr9ce z a d>k purple1 e>ly table grape ( good quality4 ,braddock4 7,lab47 ,w4 ,r4 ,pr9ce1 9 ,magaz9e ( ,horticulture = #ahfc1 notes ?is z a purpli%1 e>ly sweet table grape2 h>dy & adapt$ to ,new ,engl&4 ,bradley4 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,describ$ by ,a4 ,c4 ,hubb>d ( ,troy1 ,mi*igan1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahdi z a grape ( ! ,isabella type b ?ree or f\r weeks e>li]4 ,bra5dly4 7,lab48 ,v9487 ,f ,ill9ois4 ,v weak1 unproductive2 /am5s upright2 bun* small1 irregul>ly loose2 b]ry small1 yell[2 ( poor quality2 rip5s ) ,cyn?iana4 ,br& ,:ite4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,resembles ,cassady2 exhibit$ be=e ! ,mississippi ,valley ,grape ,gr[]s' ,association 9 #ahfg4 ,breck4 7,lab47 ,exhibit$ be=e ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahee by ,?omas ,wat]man :o gave x ! above "n4 ,resembles ,w9ne4 ,h>dy2 e>ly4 ,bridgewat]4 7,lab47 ,suppos$ to be a sport ( ,word51 receiv$ at ?is ,/ation 9 #aija f ,j4 ,b4 ,tuck]man1 ,cassville1 ,new ,york4 ,v simil> to ,word5 b said by ! orig9ator to be a week or t5 days e>li]4 ,brunk4 7,l9c4 ,v94 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,l9cecumii cross$ ) ,triumph2 f ,texas4 ,m$ium 9 vigor & productiv5ess2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium1 irregul>ly loose2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 poor quality2 susceptible to black-rot4 ,bui/4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,suppos$ to be a cross betwe5 ,catawba & ,brighton2 f ,h4 ,b4 ,bui/1 ,gre5ville1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ab\t #ahgh4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 incl9$ to mildew2 late 9 rip5+4 ,bump]4 7,l9c4 ,ae/4 ,lab47 ,po/-oak cross$ ) ,norton2 f ,texas4 ,v vigor\s2 /am5s reflex$2 bun* l>ge1 irregul>1 v loose2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 ( poor quality2 susceptible to black-rot2 season ) ,cyn?iana4 ,buncombe4 7,lab47 ,a v>iety ( ,vitis labrusca f\nd 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a & us$ by ,munson 9 8 bre$+ "w4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] small2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 rip5s mid-season4 ,bundy4 7,lab47 ,a black se$l+ ( ,concord f ! same lot ( se$s z ,col]a92 f ,david ,bundy1 ,col]a91 ,ohio4 ,vigor\s1 productive1 h>dy1 heal?y2 bun* & b]ry resemble p>5t 9 appe>ance & quality2 rip5s ) ,moore ,e>ly4 ,burl+ton4 ,giv5 9 ,am]ican ,f>m]1 #ahbb1 z a ,new ,j]sey grape ( high quality4 ,burl+ton4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ f ,a4 ,taylor1 ,burl+ton1 ,v]mont1 ab\t #ahga4 ,report$ h>dy 9 nor!rn ,new ,engl& & equal to ,adirondac z a table grape4 ,burnet4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,h>t=d cross$ ) ,black ,hamburg2 f ,p4 ,c4 ,dempsey1 ,albury1 ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,c\nty1 ,ont>io4 ,vigor\s1 productive1 mildews2 /am5s reflex$2 clu/] l>ge1 %\ld]$1 loose2 b]ry l>ge1 oval1 black2 juicy2 e>li] ?an ,concord4 ,burr\ghs4 7,rip4 ,lab487 ,accord+ to ,d[n+1 #ahfi1 f ,v]mont4 ,v9e l ,cl9ton2 bun* small2 b]ry r\nd1 black ) ?ick bloom2 h>%1 acid2 rip5s e>li] ?an ,isabella4 ,burr[s ,no4 #db;,c4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord cross$ ) ,jeff]son2 f ,j4 ,g4 ,burr[s1 ,fi%kill1 ,new ,york1 receiv$ at ?is ,/ation 9 #ahhh4 ,sometimes unproductive2 bun* m$ium1 v compact1 h&some2 b]ry m$ium or above1 d>k r$ ) lilac bloom2 juicy1 sweet1 t5d]1 slightly v9\s1 f9e flavor2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord4 ,burton ,e>ly4 7,lab47 ,d[n+ notes 9 #ahfi3 ,a l>ge1 e>ly grape2 unwor?y ( culture4 ,bu%4 7,b\rq4 ,l9c47 ,p>5tage1 ,h]bemont cross$ ) a ,po/-oak2 f ,munson4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s v late4 ,bu%b]g4 7,ae/4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,willie cross$ ) an ,ae/ivalis2 f ,dr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,*i%olm1 ,t5nessee4 ,ae/ivalis *>act]s are pr$om9ant 9 bo? v9e & fruit4 ,describ$ by ! orig9ator z vigor\s1 heal?y2 clu/]s above m$ium1 long1 loose1 %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 oblong1 black1 adh]5t2 sprightly1 v9\s1 t5d]2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord4 ,cabot4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,/etson ,no4 #a4 ,a se$l+ f ,a4 ,w4 ,/etson1 ,bra9tree1 ,massa*usetts1 ab\t #ahec2 a cross ( a native ,labrusca & ,grizzly ,frontignan4 ,bun* long1 firm1 %ort %\ld]2 b]ries m$ium1 r\nd1 black ) ?ick bloom2 sk9 ?ick2 musky1 sweet4 ,cairnano4 ,te/$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 #ahfd & disc>d$ z wor?less4 ,cali=nia ,rosea4 ,describ$ by ,w>d] 9 #ahfg z3 ,bun* l>ge1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 black1 sweet4 ,cali=nia ,:ite4 ,not$ by ,w>d] 9 #ahfg4 ,bun* full1 m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 yell[2 v f9e4 ,call[ay4 7,b\rq4 ,v9487 ,possibly a synonym ( ,ruckl&4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y1 productive2 clu/] small to m$ium1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 oval1 r$2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 quality good2 rip5s v late4 ,calypso4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,produc$ by ,*as4 ,j4 ,copley1 ( ,/apleton1 ,new ,york1 f se$ ( ,lady cross$ ) ,secret>y2 fruit$ 9 #ahhg4 ,h>dy1 /rong 9 gr[?2 bun*es l>ge1 heavily %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 black2 juicy1 v9\s2 good2 rip5s ) or aft] ,concord4 ,camaks4 ,f\nd gr[+ 9 ! g>d5 ( ,james ,camaks1 ab\t #ahdg4 ,bun* %\ld]$1 long1 loose1 tap]+2 b]ries small1 r\nd1 br[ni%-r$2 fle% t5d]1 melt+1 sweet2 good4 ,cambridge4 7,lab47 ,orig9at$ 9 ! g>d5 ( ,francis ,h\ghton1 ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts1 ab\t #ahfg4 ,vigor\s2 bun* l>ge1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 black1 cov]$ ) heavy bloom2 simil> to ,concord2 rip5s f\r days e>li]4 ,camd54 7,lab47 ,bun* m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 gre5i%-:ite2 fle% ) h>d c5t]1 acid2 poor4 ,canaan4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report 9 #ahdc1 z "o ( ! v>ieties gr[n at t "t4 ,canby4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,w4 ,canby1 ,wilm+ton1 ,delaw>e2 probably a se$l+ ( ,isabella1 br\ght to notice ab\t #aheb4 ,h>dy1 vigor\s2 clu/] m$ium size1 compact2 b]ry m$ium size1 purple2 flavor sweet2 quality be/4 ,canonicus4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,d4 ,s4 ,m>v91 ,wat]t[n1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahhh4 ,vigor\s & productive2 /am5s upright2 bun* loose1 m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 pale gre51 transluc5t1 :iti% bloom2 sk9 ?92 pulp sweet1 t5d]1 juicy1 sprightly2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,cape ,may ,prolific4 ,l>ge ,blue ,engli%4 ,m5tion$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahfc 9 a li/ ( v>ieties 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly4 ,capital4 7,lab47 ,giv5 9 ,bu%b]g ,catalogue 9 #ahid z a :ite ,concord se$l+ rais$ by ,w4 ,h4 ,lightfoot ( ,ill9ois4 ,c>lotte4 7,lab47 ,produc$ by ,t4 ,b4 ,m9] ( ,l9d51 ,new ,j]sey1 f se$ ( ,concord4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 gre5i%-:ite2 good4 ,c>m9et4 7,b\rq487 ,bun*es small1 ragg$2 b]ries small1 black2 sweet2 sk9 & pulp t5d]4 ,c>ol9a ,blue ,muscad9e4 ,jones' ,p]fum$4 ,m5tion$ by ,pr9ce 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly1 #ahfc4 ,c>ol9e4 ,c>ol9a4 ,said by ,husmann 9 #ahga to be ! same z ,concord4 ,c>t]4 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,an old v>iety m5tion$ z e>ly z #ahca2 a se$l+ ( ,isabella4 ,bun* l>ge1 %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 black1 heavy bloom2 good1 v simil> to ,isabella ) :i* x rip5s4 ,c>t]4 7,lab47 ,mammo? ,globe4 ,a l>ge-fruit$ r$ ,labrusca us$ by ,rog]s4 ,c>v]4 ,giv5 z "o ( ! p>5ts ( ,beta4 ,n describ$4 ,case4 7,rip47 ,m5tion$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 #ahfi4 ,case ,cry/al4 7,lab47 ,not$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahei z a reliable v>iety = ,new ,engl&4 ,casp>4 7,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,l\isiana2 f ,a4 ,casp> ( ,new ,orleans1 suppos$ to be a cross ) ,h]bemont4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] m$ium1 compact2 b]ries br[ni%-r$1 small2 juice :ite2 good2 rip5s late4 ,cassady4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,arcott2 ,arnott2 ,arrott4 ,a *ance se$l+ f ,h4 ,p4 ,cassady1 ,philadelphia1 ,p5nsylvania2 fruit$ 9 #aheb4 ,m$ium 9 vigor1 productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/] m$ium1 compact1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 gre5i%-:ite1 cov]$ ) :ite bloom2 sk9 ?ick1 t\gh2 fle% juicy1 t5d]1 pleasant2 v good2 rip5s ) ,catawba4 ,cat>obe4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,horticulturi/ ( #ahej z gr[+ well 9 ,ill9ois4 ,ca!r9e4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,g54 ,n4 ,m4 ,wat]man ( ,h>t=d1 ,connecticut1 #ahed4 ,clu/]s small1 compact1 firm2 b]ries m$ium1 slightly oval1 gre51 transluc5t2 sk9 ?92 pulp s(t1 sweet1 well flavor$1 foxy4 ,catoosa4 7,l9c4 ,v94 ,lab4 ,b\rq487 ,p>5tage1 ,lucky cross$ ) ,c>man2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s late4 ,caywood ,no4 #a4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,f ,a4 ,j4 ,caywood1 ,m>lboro1 ,new ,york2 a r$ se$l+ ( ,p\ghkeepsie f]tiliz$ ) ,iona4 ,caywood ,no4 #ej4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,a4 ,j4 ,caywood1 ab\t #ahhh4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y1 productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/] m$ium1 compact1 (t5 %\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge1 r\ndi%1 black ) abundant bloom2 %att]s2 sk9 ?ick1 t5d]2 pulp juicy1 sweet1 t\gh1 v9\s2 good2 rip5s a little be=e ,word54 ,*amb]sburg ,:ite4 ,m5tion$ 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly 9 #ahfc 9 a li/ ( wor?less v>ieties4 ,*ambril4 7,*amp4 ,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,p>5tage1 ,vitis *amp9i cross$ ) ,brilliant2 f ,munson4 ,/am5s upright2 clu/] m$ium or above2 b]ry small1 purpli%-black1 ?9 bloom2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp t5d]1 n juicy1 v9\s2 good4 ,*ampanel4 7,*amp4 ,lab47 ,p>5ts1 ,vitis *amp9i cross$ ) ,word52 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s2 clu/]s l>ge1 conical2 b]ries globul>1 l>ge1 black2 season ) ,concord4 ,*ampovo4 7,*amp4 ,v94 ,lab4 ,b\rq47 ,p>5tage1 ,de ,grasset cross$ ) ,brilliant2 f ,munson4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 rip5s mid-season4 ,*&l]4 7,lab47 ,a *ance se$l+ f ,n4 ,m4 ,*&l]1 ,ottawa1 ,kansas1 ab\t #ahhf2 probably f ,word54 ,vigor\s1 productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/] m$ium1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry above m$ium1 r\nd1 ri* yell[2 good4 ,*ap94 ,not$ 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly1 #ahfc1 z wor?less4 ,*>les4 7,rip4 ,lab487 ,m5tion$ by ,joseph ,hobb9s ab\t #ahfi z hav+ be5 injur$ by w9t]2 exhibit$ at ,wiscons9 ,/ate ,fair t ye>4 ,resembles ,cl9ton4 ,*>les ,a4 ,gre54 ,a :ite grape orig9at$ by ,p4 ,w4 ,l\don1 ,janesville1 ,wiscons92 introduc$ by ! ,*as4 ,a4 ,gre5 ,nurs]y ,company ( ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york4 ,said to be a vigor\s gr[]1 & an enorm\s yield] ( v l>ge & beautiful clu/]s ( excell5t fruit4 ,*>lotte4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,edmund ,w>d1 ,kelleys ,isl&1 ,ohio2 a se$l+ ( ,catawba4 ,bun* m$ium1 n %\ld]$2 b]ries m$ium1 r\ndi%1 pale r$2 fle% t5d]1 sweet1 v9\s2 sk9 ?ick2 season ) ,delaw>e4 ,*>lton4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,a cross betwe5 ,brighton & ,mills2 f ,john ,*>lton1 ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york2 fruit$ ab\t #ahic4 ,vigor\s1 productive1 h>dy2 clu/]s l>ge1 g5]ally well %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry l>ge to m$ium1 r\ndi%-oval1 d>k r$2 sk9 r ?91 t\gh2 pulp meaty1 t5d] releases se$s easily2 juicy1 sweet1 ri*1 v9\s2 rip5s a week be=e ,concord2 keeps well2 promis+4 ,*>t] ,oak4 7,lab4 ,ae/47 ,a l>ge co>se1 foxy grape f ,connecticut4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 canes long ) blue bloom2 t5drils cont9u\s2 clu/]s small1 loose2 b]ries l>ge1 r\ndi%1 dull d>k amb]2 %att]2 fle% s(t1 t\gh1 foxy2 fair quality2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,*av\%4 ,exhibit$ be=e ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahfh4 ,productive2 bun* l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 oval1 :ite2 keeps well4 ,*e[a4 ,not$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report = #ahfc z a v>iety to be disc>d$4 ,*]okee4 7,ae/4 ,lab47 ,f ,/ayman1 ( ,kansas2 ! same p>5tage z ,oz>k4 ,vigor\s2 free f rot & mildew2 bun* l>ge1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet2 season ) ,cyn?iana4 ,*icago4 7,lab47 ,a *ance se$l+ f\nd 9 ,l9coln1 ,ill9ois1 by ,f4 ,e4 ,l4 ,raut5b]g4 ,vigor\s1 productive1 h>dy2 bun* m$ium1 sometimes d\ble2 b]ries m$ium1 r\nd2 sk9 t\gh2 color r$ resembl+ ,delaw>e2 sweet1 ri*2 rip5s e>ly2 %ips well4 ,*ide/]'s ,se$l+s4 ,produc$ by ,c4 ,p4 ,*ide/]1 ,battle ,creek1 ,mi*igan1 ab\t ?irty ye>s ago4 ,all are app>5tly second g5]ation ,v9if]a-native hybrids4 ,!y are ( high quality b all seem to h "s weakness :i* makes _! p]man5t popul>ity d\btful4 ,^! v>ieties appe> to h become confus$1 z ! ,mi*igan ,exp]im5t ,/ation ,bullet9s1 our *ief s\rce ( in=mation1 h publi%$ contradictory descriptions 9 diff]5t places4 ,no4 #a4 ,see ,lyon4 ,no4 #b4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,mod]ately vigor\s1 h>dy2 /am5s reflex$2 clu/] m$ium1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 d>k r$2 fle% s(t1 sweet1 v9\s2 good2 rip5s e>ly2 %att]s some:at4 ,no4 #c4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] l>ge1 loose1 %\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge1 d>k purple2 fle% firm1 juicy1 sweet2 keeps well4 ,no4 #d4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] m$ium1 r\ndi%1 %\ld]$1 loose2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 ne>ly black2 fle% t5d]1 v9\s2 good2 rip5s j aft] ,concord4 ,*illico!4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,ohio4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report 9 #ahfc4 ,bun* long1 loose2 b]ry m$ium1 oval1 d>k purple4 ,*ippewa4 ,f\nd gr[+ on ! banks ( ,*ippewa ,creek1 ,ont>io2 describ$ 9 #aheh by ,w4 ,h4 ,read4 ,bun* l>ge1 compact1 heavily %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 fle% t5d]1 sweet1 good4 ,*i%olm's ,se$l+s4 ,produc$ by ,dr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,*i%olm1 ,spr+ ,hill1 ,t5nessee4 ,( 8 nam$ sorts !re are3 ,annie ,m41 ,bu%b]g1 ,delawba1 ,gilt ,edge1 ,la ,m>ie1 ,lutie1 & ,willie1 ! be/ kn[n be+ ,lutie4 ,! foll[+ unnam$ se$l+s f ,*i%olm h be5 te/$ & describ$3 ,no4 #a4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,a ,delaw>e se$l+4 ,weak1 heal?y2 /am5s reflex$2 clu/] small1 v loose2 b]ry m$ium1 purple2 quality poor2 rip5s ) ,word54 ,no4 #c4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e4 ,m$ium 9 vigor1 heal?y2 /am5s upright2 clu/] small1 compact2 b]ry small1 r$di%-purple2 quality fair2 rip5s ) ,word54 ,no4 #d4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] m$ium size2 b]ries light gre51 sprightly1 v9\s2 good2 rip5s ) ,delaw>e4 ,no4 #e4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,a ,delaw>e se$l+4 ,mod]ately vigor\s2 b]ry light r$2 good quality2 rip5s j be=e ,concord4 ,no4 #f4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e4 ,weak1 app>5tly heal?y1 a %y be>]2 /am5s reflex$2 clu/] small1 loose2 b]ry m$ium1 purple2 fair quality2 rip5s ) ,word52 n a good keep]4 ,no4 #h4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,a ,delaw>e se$l+4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 v good2 rip5s ) ,moore ,e>ly4 ,no4 #i4 7,ae/47 ,mod]ately vigor\s1 attack$ some:at by black-rot1 h>dy2 /am5s upright2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 r$2 quality h>dly fair2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,*ocolate4 ,m5tion$ 9 a li/ ( wor?less v>ieties 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly 9 #ahfc4 ,*oteau4 7,l9c4 ,v94 ,lab4 ,b\rq487 ,p>5tage1 ,lucky cross$ ) ,c>man2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s late4 ,*ur* ,se$l+4 7,lab47 ,f ,dr4 ,durfee1 ,fall ,riv]1 ,massa*usetts2 a se$l+ ( a wild grape unwor?y ( cultivation4 ,cl>et4 7,rip47 ,f ,*>les ,c>p5t]1 ,kelleys ,isl&1 ,ohio4 ,vigor\s2 bun* & b]ry m$ium2 cl>et r$2 acid2 resembles ,cl9ton4 ,cl>issa4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a :ite se$l+ ( ,salem2 f ,f4 ,e4 ,l4 ,raut5b]g1 ,l9coln1 ,ill9ois4 ,cl>k4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,j4 ,s4 ,phelps1 ,wa%+ton1 ,di/rict ( ,columbia4 ,clu/] ( m$ium l5g?1 sometimes %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 oval1 dull r$1 heavy bloom2 sweet1 foxy4 ,cl>k ,se$l+4 7,lab47 ,f a ,mr4 ,cl>k ( ,fram+ham1 ,massa*usetts2 describ$ 9 ,magaz9e ( ,horticulture 9 #ahfa4 ,h>dy & e>ly2 bun* loose2 b]ry r$di%2 quality excell5t4 ,cl>kes4 ,m5tion$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj z be+ gr[n 9 ,virg9ia4 ,bun* & b]ry l>ge2 e>ly2 keeps well4 ,claude4 7,lab47 ,f ,georgia4 ,vigor\s2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium1 loose2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 poor quality2 rip5s a little be=e ,norton4 ,cleopatra4 7,lab4 ,rip47 ,p>5tage1 ,ives cross$ ) ,fai?2 f ,f4 ,e4 ,l4 ,raut5b]g1 ,l9coln1 ,ill9ois4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 bun* & b]ry m$ium2 black2 e>ly4 ,clifton4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,p>5ts1 ,telegraph cross$ ) ,:ite ,frontignan2 f ,c4 ,j4 ,copley1 ,/apleton1 ,new ,york4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 bun* l>ge1 compact2 b]ries :ite1 l>ge2 rip5s 9 ,septemb]4 ,climax4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ f ,a4 ,reis+] ( ,naples1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahhc2 suppos$ to be a se$l+ ( ,catawba4 ,vigor\s2 b]ry m$ium to l>ge1 r$2 t5d]1 sweet1 sprightly2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,cl9ton-,vialia4 7,rip47 ,probably id5tical ) ,frankl94 ,us$ 9 ,france z a graft+ /ock4 ,cloan?a4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,an ,isabella se$l+ f ,k5tucky4 ,vigor\s2 b]ry black1 small2 foxy4 ,clov] ,/reet ,black4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,diana cross$ ) ,black ,hamburg2 f ,jacob ,moore4 ,bun*es l>ge1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 black2 fle% t5d]1 sweet1 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,clov] ,/reet ,r$4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,diana cross$ ) ,black ,hamburg2 f ,jacob ,moore4 ,vigor\s2 b]ries l>ge1 r\ndi%-oval1 crimson2 ,diana flavor & season4 ,clu/]4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report1 #aheb1 z a native grape4 ,clyde4 7,lab48 ,v9487 ,f ,john ,burr1 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas4 ,bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 r$2 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet4 ,co*ee4 7,lab4 ,b\rq47 ,f ,john ,burr1 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 #ahhg4 ,vigor\s2 t5drils int]mitt5t2 clu/] m$ium to small1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 d>k r$1 lilac bloom2 fle% t5d]1 f9e1 v9\s1 sweet2 good2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord4 ,coe4 7,lab47 ,f ,i[a4 ,h>dy1 vigor\s2 clu/] small1 compact1 r>ely %\ld]$2 b]ries small to m$ium1 black2 a week e>li] ?an ,concord4 ,colesv9e4 7,lab48 ,v9487 ,enum]at$ 9 a li/ ( unpromis+ grapes = ,nor? ,c>ol9a by ,sidney ,well] 9 #ahde4 ,colli]4 7,l9c4 ,lab47 ,big ,r$2 ,dr4 ,colli]4 ,a se$l+ ( ,po/-oak by ,concord2 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 t5drils int]mitt5t2 /am5s upright2 clu/] m$ium to l>ge1 v>iable 9 compactness2 b]ries l>ge1 r\ndi%1 d>k r$di%-purple1 heavy bloom2 fle% t5d]1 f9e-gra9$1 v9\s1 ne>ly sweet2 quality good2 rip5s j aft] ,concord4 ,coll9a4 ,hill ,grape ( ,ohio4 ,li/$ by ,pr9ce 9 ,g>d5]s' ,mon?ly 9 #ahfc4 ,colorado4 ,f ,john ,grave/ock1 ,canon ,city1 ,colorado4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] m$ium1 long1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries m$ium2 sweet1 t5d]2 late4 ,colp4 7,lab47 ,a wild v9e ( ,vitis labrusca f\nd 9 ,m>yl& & us$ by ,munson4 ,/am5s depress$2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 :ite2 rip5s mid-season4 ,columbia4 7,rip47 ,said to h be5 f\nd by ,major ,adlum on 8 f>m at ,georget[n1 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 previ\s to #ahcj4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 clu/] small1 loose2 b]ries r\nd1 black1 small2 quality poor4 ,columbia4 7,lab47 ,f ,j4 ,t4 ,c4 ,cl>k1 ,wa%+ton1 be=e #ahhc4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] & b]ry m$ium1 :ite2 good2 late4 ,columbian4 ,orig9at$ ab\t ! same "t z ,columbian ,imp]ial & probably id5tical ) x4 ,! lit]ature ( ! two is s confus$1 ,columbian ,imp]ial hav+ be5 sold z ,columbian1 t x is impossible to det]m9e :e!r !y are di/9ct4 ,columbus4 7,b\rq4 ,ae/4 ,rip47 ,f ,john ,h]tle91 ,spiel]ville1 ,arkansas2 p>5ts1 ,delaw>e & ,norton4 ,vigor\s2 bun*es l>ge1 ne>ly compact2 b]ries m$ium1 black2 sweet1 pleasant flavor2 rip5s ) ,delaw>e4 ,compacta4 7,b\rq4 ,v94 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,h]bemont cross$ ) ,triumph2 f ,munson4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry small1 :ite2 rip5s v late4 ,n[ disc>d$ by orig9ator4 ,concord ,*asselas4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,f ,g4 ,w4 ,campbell1 ,delaw>e1 ,ohio1 #ahha2 a cross betwe5 ,gold5 ,*asselas & ,concord4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] long1 mod]ately compact1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 oval1 gre5i%-:ite2 pure flavor2 good2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,concord ,muscat4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord cross$ ) ,muscat2 f ,g4 ,w4 ,campbell4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] compact1 long1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 oval1 light gre5i%-:ite2 fle% t5d] & melt+2 quality v good2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,concordia4 7,lab4 ,b\rq47 ,f ,dr4 ,j4 ,/ayman1 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 bun* l>ge1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 v9\s2 v good2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord4 ,conelva4 7,lab4 ,rip47 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord cross$ ) ,elvira2 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 /am5s upright2 clu/] m$ium1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 black2 quality fair2 rip5s ) ,cottage4 ,connecticut4 ,m5tion$ by ,pr9ce 9 a li/ ( wor?less v>ieties 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahfc4 ,connecticut ,se$l+4 ,cit$ 9 ! ,ill9ois ,horticultural ,society ,report = #ahfh z a promis+ table grape4 ,conqu]or4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,f ,rev4 ,ar*] ,moore1 ,new ,j]sey1 ab\t #ahfh2 suppos$ by him to be a cross betwe5 ,concord & ,royal ,muscad9e4 ,vigor\s2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium1 loose2 b]ries m$ium1 oval1 black1 pulpy2 quality fair2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord4 ,coop] ,w9e4 ,f ,joseph ,coop]1 ,gl\ce/] ,c\nty1 ,new ,j]sey1 ab\t #ahjj4 ,vigor\s2 b]ry r\nd1 m$ium1 purple2 quality fair4 ,copley's ,hybrids4 ,*as4 ,j4 ,copley ( ,/apleton1 ,/at5 ,isl&1 ,new ,york1 ab\t ?irty ye>s ago orig9at$ & exhibit$ a l>ge numb] ( hybrid grapes4 ,8 productions 7 *iefly ! result ( f]tiliz+ cultivat$ ,am]ican v>ieties ) poll5 ( /&>d ,v9if]as1 p>ticul>ly ! ,:ite ,frontignan4 ,8 se$l+s :i* receiv$ names are ,boadicea1 ,calypso1 ,clifton1 ,cornelia1 ,daphne1 ,d',elb\x1 ,lulie1 ,m9eola1 ,p>agon1 & ,zelia4 ,!y %[ too _m ,v9if]a weaknesses1 p>ticul>ly a t5d5cy to mildew1 to become popul>4 ,none ( !m 0 ev] introduc$4 ,copp]m9e4 ,disc>d$ z wor?less f te/ v9ey>ds ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 #ahfd4 ,corby4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,c4 ,c4 ,corby1 ,montclair1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 blooms mid-season2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s above m$ium1 v>iable 9 compactness2 b]ries int]m$iate 9 size1 oval to r\ndi%1 dull black ) heavy blue bloom2 fle% f9e-gra9$1 sweet1 resembles ,concord 9 flavor2 good2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord4 ,coriel4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,new ,j]sey4 ,h>dy2 bun* m$ium2 b]ry small1 oval1 black2 good4 ,cornelia4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,telegraph cross$ ) ,:ite ,frontignan2 f ,*as4 ,j4 ,copley1 ,/apleton1 ,new ,york4 ,bun* l>ge1 %\ld]$2 b]ries r\nd1 :ite ) amb] t9t2 juicy1 ri*1 sweet4 ,cornucopia4 7,v94 ,rip47 ,arnold's ,no4 #b4 ,p>5ts1 ,cl9ton cross$ ) ,black ,/4 ,pet]s2 f ,*>les ,arnold1 ,p>is1 ,ont>io1 #ahei4 ,vigor\s2 /am5s upright2 clu/] l>ge1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry m$ium to l>ge1 black2 fle% t5d]1 v9\s1 juicy2 good2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,corporal4 7,lab4 ,ae/4 ,v947 ,p>5ts1 ,eumelan cross$ ) ,word52 f ,d4 ,s4 ,m>v91 ab\t #ahha4 ,bun* & b]ry m$ium1 loose2 black2 v9\s2 good4 ,corsican4 ,f ,ohio4 ,h>dy2 bun* l>ge2 b]ry small1 r\nd1 r$2 v good4 ,cortl&4 7,lab47 ,c\rtl&4 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord cross$ ) ,h>t=d2 f ,m4 ,f4 ,cle>y1 ,cortl&1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahfc4 ,believ$ by "s to be id5tical ) ,*ampion4 ,vigor\s2 clu/]s l>ge1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 sweet2 e>ly4 ,cotoct94 ,describ$ by ,full] 9 #ahfg z a *ance se$l+ f ,p5nsylvania4 ,bun* l>ge1 %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 :ite2 good2 late4 ,cov]t4 7,lab47 ,a *ance se$l+2 f ,n4 ,b4 ,cov]t1 ,ann ,arbor1 ,mi*igan4 ,bun* l>ge1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 gre5i%-:ite2 sweet2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,c[an4 7,rip47 ,mc,cowan2 ,mc,gowan2 ,mc,owen4 ,an old v>iety ( unkn[n orig92 once rais$ on ,lake ,*ampla94 ,v h>dy2 clu/]s m$ium2 b]ries small1 black1 heavy bloom2 juicy1 s\r2 v e>ly4 ,cozy4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,j4 ,s4 ,breece1 ,fayetteville1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,clu/] l>ge1 compact2 b]ry oval1 m$ium1 black1 blue bloom2 fle% transluc5t1 t5d]2 good2 rip5s a week be=e ,ives4 ,craig4 7,rip487 ,fr5* ,grape4 ,a v>iety f\nd gr[+ at ,frankl91 ,p5nsylvania1 ab\t #ahji2 p]haps synonym\s ) ,frankl94 ,fruit d>k-color$2 bun* & b]ry m$ium2 juicy2 good4 ,critic4 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,a se$l+ ( ,jeff]son2 f ,j4 ,s4 ,breece1 ,fayetteville1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a2 describ$ 9 #ahib4 ,clu/] l>ge1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries r\nd1 m$ium1 dull r$2 foxy2 good2 e>li] ?an ,brighton4 ,cr[n4 7,l9c4 ,v94 ,lab47 ,f ,munson2 p>5ts1 ,po/-oak cross$ ) ,triumph4 ,vigor\s2 /am5s upright2 clu/] l>ge1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 good2 rip5s ) ,catawba4 ,cry/al4 7,lab47 ,a native grape f\nd by ,s4 ,d4 ,case1 ,canton ,c5t]1 ,connecticut4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ries l>ge1 oblate1 gre5 ) :ite dots2 sweet1 juicy4 ,culb]t ,se$l+4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,dr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,m4 ,culb]t1 ,newburgh1 ,new ,york4 ,p>5ts1 ,iona cross$ ) ,muscat ,hamburg4 ,bun* & b]ry l>ge2 purpli%-black2 good4 ,curtis4 ,/etson's ,se$l+ ,no4 #d4 ,f ,nahum ,/etson1 ,bridgewat]1 ,massa*usetts2 m5tion$ 9 ! ,magaz9e ( ,horticulture 9 #aheg z be+ a se$l+ ( sup]ior flavor4 ,curtis4 7,l9c4 ,v94 ,lab47 ,p>5tage1 ,po/-oak ,no4 #c cross$ ) ,triumph2 f ,munson 9 #ahhi4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s mid-season4 ,cuyahoga4 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,coleman's ,:ite2 ,wemple2 ,wemple's ,se$l+4 ,f\nd by a ,mr4 ,wemple at ,euclid1 ,ohio1 previ\s to #ahei1 & nam$ aft] ! c\nty 9 :i* x 0 f\nd4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] l>ge1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 cov]$ ) bloom1 pale yell[i%-gre5 t+$ ) amb]2 pulp melt+1 juicy1 sweet1 f9e musky flavor2 rip5s ab\t ) ,catawba4 ,cuy>ano4 7,lab47 ,giv5 9 a li/ ( native fox grapes 9 ! report ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 #ahfi4 ,cyncon4 7,lab4 ,ae/47 ,a se$l+ ( ,cyn?iana cross$ ) ,concord2 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y1 d>k gre5 foliage2 bun* long2 b]ry black2 late4 ,dana4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ f ,francis ,dana1 ,roxbury1 ,massa*usetts1 ab\t #ahfj4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 mildews slightly2 bun* m$ium1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 ne>ly r\nd1 r$ ) heavy bloom2 free f pulp z ,delaw>e1 n z sweet2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord4 ,danbury4 7,lab47 ,a *ance se$l+ f ,h4 ,c4 ,coble1 ,danbury1 ,connecticut4 ,h>dy1 heal?y2 bun*es m$ium1 compact1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 black2 fle% t5d]1 mild1 sweet2 good2 rip5s e>li] ?an ,h>t=d4 ,daphne4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,telegraph cross$ ) ,:ite ,frontignan2 f ,*as4 ,j4 ,copley1 ,/apleton1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahge4 ,v vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 productive2 bun* m$ium to l>ge ) v long /em2 b]ry m$ium to l>ge1 :ite2 )\t pulp1 sweet1 ri*1 ,muscat flavor2 rip5s e>ly4 ,d>tm\?4 7,lab47 ,li/$ by ,pr9ce 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahfc z a wor?less v>iety4 ,d>w94 7,ae/4 ,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e cross$ ) "s vigor\s ,ae/ivalis2 f ,dr4 ,j4 ,/ayman4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 productive2 foliage ( ,ae/ivalis type2 bun* l>ge1 compact1 d\ble-%\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 r$2 t5d]1 juicy1 v9\s2 rip5s ) ,delaw>e4 ,davis4 7,long47 ,a v>iety ( ,vitis longii f\nd by ,munson 9 ,hut*9son ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] small2 b]ry small1 black2 rip5s e>ly4 ,davk9a4 7,l9c4 ,rup4 ,lab47 ,a cross ( ,am]ica & ,beacon2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 rip5s mid-season4 ,de ,grasset4 ,a v>iety ( ,*amp9i1 not$ by ,munson 9 ,texas ,/ation ,bullet9 ,no4 #ef z ! female p>5t = a few ( 8 crosses4 ,delago4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e cross-poll9at$ by ,goe!2 f ,munson 9 #ahhc2 introduc$ 9 #ahif4 ,m$ium 9 gr[? & productiv5ess1 n h>dy1 susceptible to mildew2 /am5s reflex$2 clu/]s bel[ m$ium to small1 (t5 oval1 v>iable 9 compactness2 b]ries m$ium to above1 r\ndi% to oval1 d>k r$1 lilac bloom1 v p]si/5t2 meaty1 v9\s1 sweet2 v good2 rip5s late4 ,delaw>e ,se$l+4 7,b\rq4 ,v94 ,lab47 ,j4 ,a4 ,w>d] 9 #ahfg describes a ,delaw>e ,se$l+ f ,ohio4 ,heal?y2 bun* %ort2 b]ry m$ium1 dull r$2 ri*1 sweet1 some:at foxy2 v e>ly4 ,delaw>e ,se$l+4 7,v94 ,b\rq4 ,lab47 ,delaw>e ,se$l+ ,no4 #d4 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e cross$ ) ,g54 ,m>mora2 f ,dr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,m4 ,culb]t1 ,newburgh1 ,new ,york4 ,m vigor\s gr[] ?an ,delaw>e1 h>dy1 prolific4 ,delaw>e ,se$l+ ,no4 #b4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,jacob ,rommel4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y1 productive2 bun* above m$ium1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 pulpy1 sweet2 v good2 rip5s e>li] ?an ,h>t=d4 ,delaw>e ,se$l+ ,no4 #i4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,jacob ,rommel4 ,mod]ate gr[]1 heal?y1 h>dy1 v productive2 bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 black1 firm1 sweet2 rip5s be=e ,concord2 good keep] & %ipp]4 ,delaw>e ,se$l+ ,no4 #af4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,jacob ,rommel4 ,mod]ate gr[]1 v productive1 heal?y2 bun* m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 :ite ) :ite bloom2 v sweet1 pure flavor1 pulpless2 rip5s ) ,concord2 f9e keep] & %ipp]4 ,d',elb\x4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,d',elb\x ,se$l+4 ,a se$l+ ( ,telegraph cross$ ) ,black ,hamburg2 f ,c4 ,j4 ,copley1 ,/apleton1 ,new ,york1 9 #ahgf4 ,v vigor\s1 productive1 h>dy1 heal?y2 foliage l ,labrusca except smoo? und]nea?2 bun* v l>ge1 sometimes slightly %\ld]$1 compact1 h&some2 b]ries v l>ge1 black ) blue bloom1 oval1 p]si/5t2 juicy1 sweet1 ri*1 v9\s2 sk9 ?ick2 rip5s ) ,h>t=d4 ,delgoe!4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e cross$ ) ,goe!2 f ,munson2 possibly same z ,delago4 ,not$ by ,mitzky 9 #ahic z /ill "u te/4 ,delici\s4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,big ,b]ry cross$ ) ,h]bemont2 f ,munson 9 #ahhg1 introduc$ ab\t #ahid4 ,vigor\s1 productive1 heal?y2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium1 mod]ately compact2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 black ) blue bloom2 sprightly1 sweet2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 rip5s a little aft] ,concord4 ,delm>4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,m5tion$ by ,mitzky 9 #ahic z a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e cross$ ) ,m>?a2 f ,munson4 ,delm]lie4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,delago cross$ ) ,gov]nor ,irel&2 f ,munson1 9 #ahih4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 rip5s mid-season4 ,dempsey's ,se$l+s4 ,p4 ,c4 ,dempsey1 ,albury1 ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,c\nty1 ,ont>io1 a not$ ,canadian hybridi/ ( v>i\s cultivat$ plants1 has produc$ sev]al hybrid grapes :i* are m5tion$ 9 grape lit]ature z foll[s3 ,no4 #d4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,m$ium 9 vigor4 ,no4 #e4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,resembles ,massasoit 9 "s respects b e>li]4 ,no4 #ah4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,failure4 ,no4 #be4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,failure4 ,no4 #fj4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,h>dy2 :ite1 v9\s1 v good4 ,app>5tly none ( ^! 7 ev] introduc$4 ,besides ^! he orig9at$ ,burnet4 7,see p4 #ddc47 ,dempsey's "w ) grapes 0 done ab\t ?irty ye>s ago4 ,d5ison4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,moore ,e>ly2 f ,munson4 ,m$ium 9 vigor1 unproductive1 usually heal?y2 bun* m$ium 9 size & compactness2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 black ) blue bloom1 ( ,concord flavor4 ,d5nis ,se$l+4 7,lab47 ,f\nd gr[+ wild on ! bank ( a riv] by ,john ,d5nis1 ,hillsbor\gh1 ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,compact gr[]1 h>dy1 productive2 fruit l>ge1 amb]-color$1 ( f9e flavor4 ,d5ni/on4 7,lab47 ,a native grape f\nd on an isl& 9 ! ,hudson ,riv] bel[ ,albany1 by ,isaac ,d5ni/on ab\t #ahbc4 ,v vigor\s1 h>dy2 b]ry l>ge1 yell[i%-r$2 slight musky flavor4 ,de ,soto4 7,rot4 ,muns47 ,a se$l+ ( ,scupp]nong poll9at$ by ,vitis munsoniana2 f ,munson 9 #ahif4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] small2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s v late4 ,detroit4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,suppos$ to be a ,catawba se$l+2 f\nd 9 ! g>d5 ( ,t4 ,r4 ,*ase1 ,detroit1 ,mi*igan1 ab\t #ahfj4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 ) foliage l ,catawba2 bun* l>ge1 v compact2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 d>k] ?an ,catawba2 ri*1 sweet1 sprightly ,catawba flavor2 e>li] ?an its p>5t4 ,dill]4 7,lab47 ,accord+ to ,/rong1 #ahff1 pulpy & inf]ior to ,isabella :i* x resembles4 ,d+wall ,:ite4 7,lab47 ,vigor\s1 heal?y2 bun* %ort1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 :ite2 quality poor2 late4 ,d9kel4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a ,catawba se$l+2 f ,munson4 ,v9e & leaf mu* l p>5t2 bun* m$ium to l>ge1 compact1 slightly %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 deep copp]y r$ ) ?ick bloom2 mu* l ,catawba 9 flavor2 rip5s ) p>5t4 ,dixie4 7,rot4 ,l9c4 ,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,p>5ts1 ,san ,jac9to cross$ ) ,brilliant1 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] small2 b]ry l>ge1 amb]-color$2 rip5s late4 ,dr4 ,ba94 7,lab47 ,a :ite se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,ill9ois4 ,dr4 ,kemp4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,po/-oak cross$ ) ,h]bemont2 f ,munson2 introduc$ 9 #ahif4 ,vigor\s & productive1 subject to d[ny mildew2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium1 loose1 %\ld]$2 b]ry small1 purple2 poor quality2 rip5s a week aft] ,concord4 ,dr4 ,rob9son ,se$l+4 7,lab487 ,describ$ by ,wiscons9 ,exp]im5t ,/ation 9 #ahhh4 ,productive2 bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 black1 purple bloom2 poor quality2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,dr4 ,w>d]4 7,lab47 ,( unkn[n p>5tage2 f ,!ophile ,hub]1 ,ill9ois ,city1 ,ill9ois4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y2 clu/] m$ium to l>ge1 compact1 (t5 heavily %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 black1 heavy bloom2 pulp t\gh1 juicy1 sprightly1 sweet2 good2 said to rip5 be=e ,h>t=d :i* x closely resembles4 ,dod]4 ,wa%+ton4 ,not$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society ,report = #ahgg z a se$l+ f a ,mr4 ,dod]1 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,i[a4 ,dog ,ridge4 7,*amp47 ,a v>iety ( ,vitis *amp9i f\nd by ,munson 9 ,bell ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,/am5s depress$2 clu/] small2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s mid-season4 ,dolle4 ,accord+ to ,w4 ,f4 ,bassett 9 ,rural ,new ,york] = #ahhe1 suppos$ to h come f ,g]many b x has none ( ! *>act]s ( ,v9if]a4 ,vigor\s2 clu/]s sometimes loose2 b]ry l>g] ?an ,moore ,e>ly2 ( good quality1 p]si/5t2 rip5s e>ly4 ,dor9da4 7,lab47 ,said to be a se$l+ ( ,rebecca2 f ,hudson1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #aheh4 ,bun* m$ium2 b]ry oval1 gre5i%-:ite1 sweet1 sprightly1 ) sc>cely any pulp4 ,dorr ,se$l+4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,said to be a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e2 f ,liv+/on ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,resembles ,delaw>e 9 =m1 color1 & bun* b ! b]ries are l>g] & h a foxy odor4 ,dry ,hill ,beauty4 ,describ$ 9 ,h]mann ,grape ,nurs]y ,catalog = #aijf z a r$1 v sweet grape ) m$ium bun*es & small b]ries4 ,duf\r4 7,l9c4 ,ae/47 ,jaeg] ,no4 #ef4 ,a se$l+ ( ,po/-oak 7,no4 #dc7 cross$ ) ,ae/ivalis2 f ,h]mann ,jaeg]4 ,resembles ,h]bemont 9 quality & size ( bun* & b]ries1 b is ( ,catawba color2 rip5s two weeks aft] ,norton4 ,dunlap4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,"o ( ,rickett's hybrids2 probably ! same z ,lady ,dunlap4 ,dunn4 7,b\rq487 ,g4 ,ond]donk1 ( ,texas1 obta9$ ?is v>iety f a ,mr4 ,dunn1 ( we/]n ,texas4 ,x resembles ,h]bemont b has l>g]1 pal]-color$ b]ries & rip5s two weeks lat]4 ,duquett4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,duquett's ,se$l+4 ,not$ 9 ! ,rural ,new ,york]1 #ahfh1 z a new v>iety f ,orleans ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,h>dy2 b]ries l>ge1 :ite1 transp>5t2 ( ,:ite ,*asselas flavor4 ,eames ,se$l+4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a cross betwe5 ,concord & ,delaw>e2 f ,lu!r ,eames1 ,fram+ham1 ,massa*usetts1 ab\t #ahhg4 ,bun* l>ge1 d\ble-%\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge1 light amb]2 pulp t5d] ) ,muscat flavor4 ,e>ly4 7,lab47 ,a pure se$l+ ( ,pi]ce2 f ,lu!r ,burbank1 ,santa ,rosa1 ,cali=nia4 ,accord+ to orig9ator1 ! v>iety is vigor\s1 productive1 & rip5s two weeks e>li] ?an ,concord2 b]ries l>ge1 black ) lilac bloom2 sweet & meaty4 ,e>ly ,amb]4 7,lab47 ,amb]4 ,a native grape f ! ,unit$ ,society ( ,%ak]s1 ,h>v>d1 ,massa*usetts2 possibly same z ,sage4 ,h>dy1 productive1 heal?y2 fruit d>k amb]2 sweet1 slightly foxy4 ,e>ly ,augu/4 7,lab47 ,burton's ,e>ly ,augu/4 ,a native se$l+ f ! ,unit$ ,society ( ,%ak]s1 ,lebanon1 ,new ,york4 ,l>ge2 e>ly2 foxy4 ,e>ly ,augu/4 7,lab47 ,a tw9 se$l+ ( ,pockl+ton1 (fspr+ ( ,concord2 f ,john ,pockl+ton1 ,s&y ,hill1 ,new ,york4 ,vigor\s1 productive1 heal?y1 h>dy1 ,concord foliage2 bun* m$ium to l>ge1 mod]ately compact1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 gre5i%-yell[1 :ite bloom2 transluc5t1 juicy1 sweet1 slightly acid flavor2 rip5s be=e ,moore ,e>ly4 ,e>ly ,bird4 7,v94 ,lab4 ,b\rq47 ,a d>k r$ grape f ,munson1 ! p>5tage be+ a ,l9cecumii se$l+ cross$ ) ,agawam = "o p>5t1 & ,brilliant = ! o!r4 ,e>ly ,black4 ,m5tion$ 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahec z an e>ly =eign v>iety :i* always rip5s 9 ,utica1 ,new ,york4 ,t5 ye>s lat] ,pr9ce pron\nc$ ?is ,e>ly ,black a wor?less ,labrusca4 ,e>ly ,black4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ f ,j4 ,b4 ,moore1 ,concord1 ,massa*usetts2 exhibit$ be=e ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahhj4 ,bun* & b]ry l>ge2 quality simil> to ,h>t=d4 ,e>ly ,black4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,accord+ to ,mitzky1 #ahic1 a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e2 f ,jacob ,rommel4 ,vigor\s1 productive1 heal?y2 bun* m$ium1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ries m$ium1 black2 firm1 sweet2 rip5s ) ,h>t=d4 ,e>ly ,black ,july4 7,rip4 ,v9487 ,describ$ by ,duf\r 9 #ahbf z a prolific be>]2 bun*es small2 b]ries small1 r\nd1 black2 season e>ly4 ,duf\r suspects x to be a ,rip>ia-,v9if]a hybrid4 ,e>ly ,black ,summ] ,grape4 7,lab487 ,not$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj z an e>ly ,virg9ia v>iety ) fruit ( l>ge size4 ,e>ly ,concord4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ f ,john ,kready1 ,mt4 ,joy1 ,lanca/] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania 9 #ahgd4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 bun* & b]ries resembl+ ,concord 9 size1 color1 ta/e1 & sub/ance2 rip5s e>ly4 ,e>ly ,delmonico4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,not$ 9 ,rural ,new ,york] = #ahhf z a v>iety resembl+ ,brighton2 f ,wm4 ,e4 ,gre51 ,v]mont4 ,gre5 /ates t ! v>iety is v e>ly & sup]ior to ,v]g5nes or ,brighton4 ,e>ly ,gold54 7,lab4 ,v947 ,campbell4 ,a se$l+ ( ,triumph2 f ,munson f se$ plant$ 9 #ahhc2 dissem9at$ z ,campbell b ! "n 0 *ang$ 9 #ahid to ,e>ly ,gold5 to avoid confusion ) ,campbell ,e>ly4 ,weak gr[]1 productive2 bun* l>ge1 usually %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 r\ndi%1 yell[i%-gre51 gray bloom1 usually p]si/5t2 lat] ?an ,catawba4 ,e>ly ,h>ve/4 7,lab47 ,not$ 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahee z an e>ly grape gr[n 9 ,indiana4 ,fruit l>g] & r\nd] ?an ,isabella2 light purple to amb]2 sweet1 juicy1 musky flavor4 ,e>ly ,hudson4 7,lab487 ,m5tion$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahfc z a wor?less v>iety4 ,b]ries m$ium1 r\nd1 black2 e>ly2 frequ5tly se$less4 ,e>ly ,june4 7,rip48 ,lab487 ,describ$ by ,w>d] 9 #ahfg z l ,vitis cordifolia4 ,bun* l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 d>k2 sweet2 v e>ly4 ,e>ly ,lebanon4 ,giv5 by ,w>d] 9 #ahfg z f ,p5nsylvania4 ,bun* m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 blue2 good2 v e>ly4 ,e>ly ,malvasia4 7,v9487 ,not$ 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahec z a =eign v>iety t habitually rip5s at ,utica1 ,new ,york4 ,e>ly ,m>ket4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,elvira1 cross$ ) ,bac*us2 f ,munson1 9 #ahhe4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 subject to mildew2 bun* small to m$ium1 mod]ately compact2 b]ry small1 r\nd1 black2 ( fair quality2 rip5s ) ,moore ,e>ly4 ,e>ly ,prolific4 7,lab47 ,suppos$ to be a ,concord se$l+4 ,describ$ 9 ,miss\ri ,horticultural ,society ,report = #ahib1 z vigor\s1 v h>dy1 productive2 bun* l>ge1 %\ld]$1 compact1 h&some2 b]ry l>ge1 black1 t5d]1 juicy1 sprightly1 sweet2 v good2 rip5s a few days aft] ,jewel4 ,e>ly ,purple4 7,l9c47 ,a ,po/-oak native grape f\nd 9 ! woods ne> ,d5ison1 ,texas2 us$ by ,munson 9 grape-bre$+4 ,describ$ 9 8 catalog = #aija z vigor\s1 heal?y2 /am5s reflex$2 clu/]s l>ge1 cyl9drical1 %\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge1 purple1 p]si/5t2 ( fair quality4 ,e>ly ,vicks4 ,not$ 9 ! ,wiscons9 ,horticultural ,society ,report = #ahhf z a desirable r$ grape4 ,e>ly ,w9e4 7,l9c4 ,rup47 ,p>5tage1 ,jaeg] ,no4 #gj cross$ ) a ,rupe/ris se$l+2 f ,munson ab\t #ahid4 ,v vigor\s1 productive2 clu/]s small to m$ium1 mod]ately compact2 b]ries m$ium1 black ) heavy bloom2 fair quality4 ,ebony4 ,"o ( ,munson's grapes :i* 0 n introduc$ on acc\nt ( reflex$ /am5s4 ,v9es te/$ at ,wiscons9 ,exp]im5t ,/ation prov$ v vigor\s & productive2 bun* & b]ry m$ium2 black2 fair quality4 ,e*l&4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,ont>io ,fruit ,gr[]s' ,association ,report = #ahhg z a v>iety ( m$ium vigor4 ,ed54 7,rot47 ,exhibit$ by ,dr4 ,samuel ,hape1 ,hapeville1 ,georgia1 be=e ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahhg z a new fruit4 ,v vigor\s1 productive2 bun*es conta9 f f\r to twelve black b]ries2 good quality2 rip5s late4 ,edme/on4 7,lab47 ,edme/on ,no4 #a4 ,suppos$ to be a pure ,concord se$l+2 f ,d4 ,g4 ,edme/on1 ,adrian1 ,mi*igan1 9 #ahij4 ,vigor\s2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium1 mod]ately compact2 b]ry m$ium to l>ge1 d>k purple ) blue bloom2 pulp mod]ately t\gh1 juicy1 v9\s1 sweet1 good2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,edw>d4 7,lab47 ,f ,!ophile ,hub]1 ,ill9ois ,city1 ,ill9ois4 ,vigor\s2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 gold5 yell[2 t5d]1 sweet2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord4 ,ela9e4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,suppos$ to be a se$l+ ( ,salem2 f ,c4 ,engle1 ,paw ,paw1 ,mi*igan1 ab\t #ahij4 ,vigor\s1 unproductive1 h>dy1 heal?y2 /am5s reflex$2 bun* long1 loose2 b]ry m$ium1 d>k r$ ) blui%-:ite bloom2 juicy1 ri*1 sprightly2 v good2 rip5s e>ly4 ,elbl+4 7,lab47 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahei z a nor!rn grape "u te/ 9 ! gov]nm5t exp]im5tal g>d54 ,eleala4 7,lab48 ,v948 ,b\rq487 ,describ$ 9 ! ,miss\ri ,horticultural ,society ,report1 #aijd4 ,v vigor\s2 bun* & b]ry mu* l ,concord2 :ite2 quality simil> to ,wapanuka b fle% is m meaty4 ,electra4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,brighton cross$ ) ,delaw>e2 f ,h5ry ,b4 ,sp5c]1 ,rocky ,riv]1 ,ohio1 ab\t #ahij4 ,! b]ries resemble ,delaw>e b ! bun*es are l>g]4 ,elizabe?4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,joseph ,h>t1 ne> ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahde4 ,productive1 m$ium h>dy2 bun*es l>ge1 compact1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 oval1 gre5i%-:ite ) r$di% t+e 9 ! sun2 juicy1 pleasant1 brisk acid flavor4 ,elkton4 7,lab47 ,describ$ by ,adlum 9 #ahbh z an uncommonly l>ge fox grape ( a deep purple color4 ,ell54 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,f ,*>les ,c>p5t]1 ,kelleys ,isl&1 ,ohio1 exhibit$ z a new v>iety be=e ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahfb4 ,b]ries small1 amb]-color$2 subacid1 ) slight ,catawba flavor4 ,elpo4 7,l9c4 ,rip4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,elvira cross$ ) ,l9cecumii2 f ,munson4 ,describ$ by ! ,virg9ia ,exp]im5t ,/ation 9 #ahih z vigor\s1 productive2 bun* long1 r loose1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ry small1 globul>1 pale gre51 n adh]5t2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp firm1 meaty1 t5d]1 mild subacid1 almo/ sweet1 agreeable2 good2 resembles ,elvira4 ,elsm]e4 ,f ,texas4 ,describ$ by ,georgia ,exp]im5t ,/ation 9 #aija z v vigor\s1 productive2 /am5s upright2 bun* l>ge1 mod]ately compact2 b]ry small1 black2 rip5s j aft] ,concord4 ,elviba*4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,elvira cross$ ) ,bac*us2 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s & h>dy1 v productive2 /am5s reflex$2 clu/]s m$ium1 sometimes s+le-%\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries m$ium to small1 r\ndi%1 black1 heavy blue bloom1 n adh]5t2 spicy1 good 9 flavor & quality2 sk9 ?91 t5d]2 rip5s be=e ,concord4 ,elv94 7,lab4 ,rip4 ,v947 ,p>5tage1 ,elvira cross$ ) ,irv+2 f ,munson 9 #ahhe4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 :ite2 rip5s mid-season4 ,em]ald4 7,v94 ,b\rq4 ,lab47 ,a suppos$ cross ( ,delaw>e & "s =eign v>iety1 possibly ,buckl& ,sweetwat]2 f ,dr4 ,william ,saund]s1 ,ottawa1 ,canada1 ab\t #ahhf4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 n productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s small to m$ium1 cyl9drical1 usually n %\ld]$1 m$ium to compact2 b]ries small1 r\ndi%1 jet-black ) heavy bloom2 juicy1 t5d]1 spicy1 v9\s1 mildly sweet4 ,emma4 7,lab47 ,( unkn[n p>5tage2 f ,!ophile ,hub]1 ,ill9ois ,city1 ,ill9ois4 ,lack+ 9 vigor2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium to small1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry r\nd1 transluc5t1 yell[2 ri*1 sweet1 t5d] pulp2 sk9 v ?91 t5d]4 ,enfield4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahde z a select ,am]ican grape gr[n 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,engle's ,se$l+s4 ,c4 ,engle1 ( ,paw ,paw1 ,mi*igan1 ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s ago orig9at$ ,ela9e1 ,gu9evra1 ,honey1 ,iris1 ,metis1 ,mi*igan1 ,pulpless1 ,!mis1 & ,ve/a4 ,!y are all se$l+s ( ,salem4 ,none ( !m has ev] be5 regul>ly introduc$ al?\gh "s h be5 s5t out = te/+4 ,ens5b]g]'s ,se$l+s4 ,ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s ago1 ,g4 ,a4 ,ens5b]g]1 ( ,bloom+ton1 ,ill9ois1 orig9at$ sev]al v>ieties ( grapes f se$ ( /&>d sorts4 ,( 8 v>ieties :i* receiv$ names !re are3 ,h]ald1 ,h]cules1 ,isabella ,se$l+1 ,juno & ,ma?ilde4 ,none ( !m has app>5tly be5 introduc$ & none has qualities :i* w\ld make x p]man5tly popul>4 ,eolia4 7,lab47 ,accord+ to ,mitzky1 #ahic1 a se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,rob]t ,l9ville1 ,=sy? ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 & introduc$ by ,n4 ,w4 ,craft1 ,%ore1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,h>dy2 bun* l>ge1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 gre5i%-:ite2 t5d]1 sweet2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,epurill4 7,l9c4 ,v94 ,lab4 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,e>ly ,purple cross$ ) ,brilliant2 f ,munson 9 #ahig4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry v l>ge1 r$2 rip5s late4 ,erickson4 7,lab47 ,pron\nc$ a wor?less ,labrusca by ,pr9ce 9 #ahfc4 ,essex ,c\nty 7,mass47 ,se$l+4 7,lab47 ,giv5 9 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society ,report1 #ahfb1 z f ,?omas ,c4 ,?url[2 a v>iety ( fox grape2 common all ?r\gh ! c\ntry4 ,e/ella4 7,l9c4 ,rup4 ,rip4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,jaeg] ,no4 #gb cross$ ) ,rommel2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 :ite2 rip5s late4 ,etawa4 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,woodruff's ,no4 #a4 ,describ$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society ,report1 #ahhc1 z an accid5tal se$l+ f ,w4 ,w4 ,woodruff1 ,v9ey>d ,p4 ,o41 ne> ,griff91 ,georgia4 ,vigor\s1 foliage luxuriant1 %[s ,labrusca *>act]s2 bun* l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 blue2 pulp dissolv+1 v9\s2 be/2 fruit %[y & hangs on ! v9es = two mon?s4 ,eudora4 7,lab47 ,not$ z a wor?less ,labrusca by ,pr9ce 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahfc4 ,eufaula4 7,l9c4 ,rup4 ,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,ae/4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,am]ica cross$ ) ,laura2 f ,munson 9 #ahie4 ,weak gr[]2 /am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge1 loose2 b]ry small1 r$2 rip5s late4 ,eug5ia4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,:ite ,frontignan cross$ ) ,catawba2 f ,j4 ,t4 ,cl>k1 ( ,wa%+ton4 ,said to h be5 rais$ f se$ ( ! same b]ry t produc$ ! ,columbia1 a :ite grape4 ,a r$ grape ( good quality2 late4 ,eug5ia4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,t4 ,b4 ,m9]4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 bun* m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 :ite2 fair quality2 rip5s e>ly4 ,eum$el4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,ae/4 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,eumelan cross$ ) ,delaw>e2 f ,munson4 ,( m$ium gr[?1 usually h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess1 susceptible to mildew2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s m$ium to small1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries small1 r\ndi%1 black1 heavy blue bloom1 p]si/5t2 fle% t5d]1 slightly foxy1 sweet to agreeably t>t2 good4 ,! v9e has pron\nc$ ,labrusca *>act]s4 ,eumorely4 7,lab4 ,ae/4 ,v947 ,p>5ts1 ,eumelan cross$ ) ,moore ,e>ly2 f ,munson1 9 #ahhg4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 rip5s e>ly4 ,disc>d$ by orig9ator4 ,eva4 7,lab47 ,mill]'s ,no4 #b4 ,a ,concord se$l+2 f ,samuel ,mill]1 ,calmdale1 ,p5nsylvania1 ab\t #ahfj4 ,on acc\nt ( its close resemblance to its si/] ,m>?a1 x 0 dropp$ by ! orig9ator4 ,m$ium 9 vigor1 t5d]2 /am5s upright2 bun* small1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 gre5i%-yell[1 sweet1 ( mild flavor1 lacks sprightl9ess2 rip5s ab\t ) ,m>?a4 ,eval9e4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,ideal2 f ,john ,burr1 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 :ite ) light bloom2 v t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 sprightly1 v9\s2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 rip5s be=e ,concord4 ,ev]ett4 ,not$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report1 #ahfj1 z a native grape "u propagation at ! gov]nm5t exp]im5tal g>d54 ,ew+4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,ew+'s ,se$l+4 ,a se$l+ ( ,isabella2 f ,jeff]son ,city1 ,miss\ri4 ,husmann1 9 #ahfi1 consid]$ ?is v>iety an improvem5t on its p>5t :i* x resembles4 ,exquisite4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e2 f ,j4 ,/ayman1 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas4 ,mod]ate gr[]1 h>dy1 heal?y1 productive2 bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry small1 black1 slight bloom2 v t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 sprightly1 v9\s2 rip5s ) ,delaw>e4 ,extra4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,big ,extra4 ,a se$l+ ( ,po/-oak cross$ ) ,triumph2 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y1 productive2 clu/] l>ge1 usually %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry m$ium to l>ge1 d>k purple or black2 good 9 quality 9 ! ,s\?2 does n mature at ,g5eva4 ,fallwicke4 ,an undescrib$ v>iety f ,joseph ,fallwicke1 ,w>tburg1 ,morgan ,c\nty1 ,t5nessee1 ab\t #ahfj4 ,fan*]4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,s>atoga4 ,introduc$ by ,t4 ,b4 ,fan*] ( ,lans+burg1 ,new ,york1 ov] fifty ye>s ago4 ,a se$l+ ( ,catawba & s simil> to x t _m consid] !m id5tical4 ,fanny ,hoke4 ,a *ance se$l+ ( ,ae/ivalis or ,b\rqu9iana report$ f ,nor? ,c>ol9a 9 #ahga4 ,vigor\s1 %ort-jo9t$2 clu/] r l>ge1 n %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 sweet1 sprightly4 ,f>m]s ,club4 ,a se$l+ f ,david ,?ompson ( ,gre5 ,isl&1 ne> ,troy1 ,new ,york1 ov] =ty ye>s ago4 ,a gre5 grape1 undescrib$4 ,f>rell4 ,a se$l+ f\nd 9 ! g>d5 ( a ,dr4 ,f>rell & introduc$ by ,dr4 ,/ayman ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 ab\t #ahhj4 ,h>dy1 vigor\s1 productive2 clu/]s m$ium1 tap]+2 b]ries l>ge1 light yell[i%-gre51 r\ndi% or slightly oblate2 pulp firm1 mod]ately juicy1 sweet2 good2 sk9 ?91 t5d]2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,f> ,we/4 7,ae/47 ,a v>iety ( ,ae/ivalis2 f\nd by ,h]mann ,jaeg] 9 ! woods ( s\?we/ ,miss\ri1 ab\t #ahgj4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 leaves l>ge2 clu/]s l>ge1 %\ld]$2 b]ries small2 sk9 ?91 t\gh1 black ) blue bloom2 pulp s(t1 t5d]1 meaty1 sweet & spicy2 se$s few2 rip5s ) ,norton4 ,feem/]4 7,lab47 ,clu/] & b]ry small2 foxy & wor?less4 ,feem/] ,favorite4 7,lab47 ,f ,indiana4 ,h>dy2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 gre54 ,f5a4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,jewel2 f ,ludwig ,h5cke1 ,coll9sville1 ,ill9ois4 ,simil> to its p>5t b m vigor\s & ) fruit l>g] 9 bun* & b]ry4 ,fisk4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,probably a se$l+ ( ,isabella :i* x resembles v closely4 ,x 0 orig9at$ by ,john ,fisk ,all5 ( ,salem1 ,massa*usetts1 ab\t fifty ye>s ago4 ,fit*burg4 7,lab47 ,fox2 ,free ,black4 ,a local ,new ,engl& v>iety ( ,labrusca1 app>5tly nev] kn[n 9 cultivation4 ,flickwir4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,te/$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ab\t #ahfj & prov$ to be ! same z ,cl9ton4 ,flora4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,a ,v9if]a hybrid2 f ,a4 ,m4 ,spangl] ( ,philadelphia1 ab\t ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,v9e h>dy & productive2 clu/] small1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 oval1 d>k purpli%-r$2 some:at pulpy1 juicy2 late4 ,flor5ce4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,ae/47 ,orig9at$ by ,m>9e1 ab\t #ahge4 ,x is a probable cross betwe5 ,eumelan & ,union ,village & is a l>ge1 h&some grape1 resembl+ 9 "s respects ! ,isabella4 ,flor5ce4 7,lab47 ,a v>iety kn[n = ab\t ?irty ye>s & :i* has attract$ consid]able att5tion on acc\nt ( its extreme e>l9ess1 rip5+ e>li] ev5 ?an ,h>t=d4 ,h>dy1 vigor\s2 bun*es small1 imp]fect2 b]ries m$ium1 black2 resembles ,h>t=d 9 quality4 ,fl[] ( ,miss\ri4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,a ,delaw>e se$l+2 f ,william ,poes*el1 ,h]mann1 ,miss\ri4 ,said to resemble ,walt]4 ,fl[]s4 7,rot47 ,a ,rotundifolia1 ! orig9 ( :i* is unkn[n2 introduc$ ab\t #ahej4 ,v9e t5d]1 v vigor\s1 v productive2 b]ries l>ge1 oval1 gr[+ 9 clu/]s ( twelve to fifte52 blossoms self-/]ile2 rip5s v late2 quality n z good z ,scupp]nong4 ,probably a /ra9 ( o!r ?an ,rotundifolia blood is pres5t4 ,fluke's ,hybrids4 ,newton ,k4 ,fluke1 ( ,dav5port1 ,i[a1 has orig9at$ a s]ies ( hybrids :i* are n[ be+ te/$ b z yet none has be5 introduc$4 ,fo/]4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,niag>a2 f ,john ,rei*5ba*1 ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,a :ite grape said by ! orig9ator to be ( high quality4 ,fox4 ,?is "n has be5 appli$ to _m v>ieties ( ,labrusca & ,rotundifolia4 ,x does n indicate any p>ticul> v>iety4 ,fram+ham4 7,lab47 ,resembles ,h>t=d s closely t !y c h>dly be di/+ui%$4 ,x 0 rais$ by ,j4 ,g4 ,morneb]g1 ,saxonville1 ,massa*usetts1 ab\t #ahej4 ,frances ,e4 ,will>d4 7,lab48 ,b\rq48 ,v947 ,a se$l+ not$ 9 ! ,rural ,new ,york] = #ahid4 ,said to resemble ,delaw>e b ) a ?ick] sk94 ,frankl94 ,fr5* grape4 ,a wild grape f\nd at lea/ sixty ye>s ago on an isl& 9 ,fr5* ,creek1 ,craw=d ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,x resembles ,cl9ton v closely b ! wood is ( light] color1 ! fruit sweet]1 & x matures e>li]4 ,fr$onia4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,se? ,av]y ( ,fr$onia1 ,new ,york4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 t5drils cont9u\s1 sometimes int]mitt5t2 leaves ( ! ,labrusca type2 clu/]s m$ium1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ries m$ium1 oval1 light gre5 ) gray bloom1 "s small1 d>k-color$ dots2 sweet2 good4 ,fritz4 ,a se$l+ ( ,ro5beck2 rais$ by ,f4 ,ro5beck1 ( ,b]g5 ,po9t1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] l>ge1 compact2 b]ry :ite2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 juicy2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,fro/4 ,a class "n commonly appli$ 9 ,am]ica to v>ieties ( ,cordifolia ?\gh sometimes to ^? ( ,rip>ia4 ,gallup ,se$l+4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,probably a se$l+ ( ,salem2 f ,adams ,bas91 ,new ,york4 ,resembles ,salem2 b]ries a little l>g]2 quality good2 excell5t keep]2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,g>b]4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ f ,j4 ,b4 ,g>b]1 ,columbia1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 v productive2 bun* bel[ m$ium1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 black1 ) v d>k juice2 fair quality2 rip5s e>ly4 ,g>b] ,r$ ,fox4 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,produc$ by ,j4 ,b4 ,g>b]1 ( ,p5nsylvania1 f ! same lot ( se$ z ,alb9o4 ,fruit resembles ! wild r$ ,labrusca1 except t x rip5s lat] & is sweet]4 ,g>field4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,miss\ri ,riesl+1 f ,john ,rei*5ba*1 ,columbus1 ,ohio1 ab\t #aijb4 ,vigor\s2 b]ries l>ge1 gre52 ri* & sweet4 ,g>net4 7,v94 ,rip4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,r$ ,frontignan & ,cl9ton2 f ,dr4 ,a4 ,p4 ,wylie1 ,*e/]1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,bun* & b]ries l>g] ?an ,cl9ton2 deep g>net color2 flavor & texture t ( a ,v9if]a b foliage t ( ,cl9ton4 ,g>rigues4 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,probably a se$l+ ( ,isabella2 f ,edw>d ,g4 ,k+sess+1 ,philadelphia1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,resembles ,isabella b is a few days e>li]4 ,gassman4 7,ae/47 ,not$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report = #ahfi z a v>iety ( ,ae/ivalis4 ,gaug]4 ,describ$ 9 ! ,ill9ois ,horticultural ,society ,report = #aija z vigor\s & heal?y1 b too poor 9 flavor to be desirable4 ,gazelle4 ,a se$l+ f ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y & productive2 bun*es m$ium1 compact2 b]ry small1 gre5i%-:ite2 sprightly1 sweet1 pleasant4 ,g5]al ,pope4 7,ae/47 ,a se$l+ f ,john ,burr1 ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 ab\t #ahhj4 ,v vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y & productive2 bun* & b]ries small] ?an ^? ( ,concord2 )\t fox9ess4 ,g5esee4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e cross$ ) ,iona2 f ne> ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahhj4 ,vigor\s1 productive1 heal?y2 bun* l>ge1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r$2 high quality4 ,g]big ,no4 #b4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,ae/47 ,a se$l+ ( ,eumelan1 op5 to cross f]tilization2 f ,a4 ,v4 ,g]big1 ,ar*bald1 ,p5nsylvania1 ab\t #ahij4 ,g]big ,no4 #aj4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,ae/47 ,a se$l+ ( ,g]big ,no4 #b1 op5 to cross f]tilization2 f ,a4 ,v4 ,g]big1 ab\t #ahib4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 clu/] small1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 slightly oval1 yell[i%-gre52 juicy1 slightly meaty1 sweet1 mild2 good4 ,g]man ,se$l+4 7,rip47 ,not$ 9 ! ,ill9ois ,horticultural ,society ,report1 #ahga1 z mu* l ,cl9ton b n z productive4 ,giant4 7,rup47 ,a wild male ,rupe/ris2 f\nd by ,munson 9 ,miss\ri4 ,x is n[ disc>d$ by him4 ,gibb4 7,rip47 ,f ,magloire ,d]y1 ,/4 ,hilaire1 ,canada4 ,sl[ 9 gr[?1 h>dy2 bun* small1 loose1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ry small1 black ) heavy bloom2 melt+1 juicy2 good4 ,gilb]t's ,:ite ,%onga4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,accord+ to ,floy-,l9dley1 #ahcc1 ?is is a wild grape f\nd by ,g>ret ,gilb]t on ! ,%onga ,m\nta9s1 ,new ,york1 9 #ahbe4 ,simil> to ,isabella 9 habits2 bun* & b]ries resemble ,isabella 9 size & %ape2 :ite ) purple t+e on sunny side2 sweet2 good4 ,gill ,wylie4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,not$ 9 ! ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahhc1 z a new grape f ,dr4 ,a4 ,p4 ,wylie1 ,*e/]1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,foliage heal?y1 ( ,labrusca type2 bun* l>ge1 loose1 %\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge1 oblong2 texture s(t1 ri*2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,gilt ,edge4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e2 f ,dr4 ,l4 ,c4 ,*i%olm4 ,m$ium 9 vigor1 %y be>]2 /am5s upright2 bun* small1 compact2 b]ries small1 yell[i%-gre52 subacid1 delicate flavor2 rip5s a few days lat] ?an its p>5t4 ,gold ,du/4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,munson ,no4 #bb4 ,a se$l+ ( ,l9dley cross$ ) ,delaw>e2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahhj4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s m$ium to above1 usually %\ld]$1 loose2 b]ries m$ium1 r\ndi%1 yell[i%-gre5 ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 ) t5d5cy to %rivel be=e rip5+2 juicy1 foxy1 mild2 fair 9 quality4 ,gold5 ,beauty4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,p]k9s2 f ,j4 ,b4 ,mill]1 ,anna1 ,ill9ois4 ,bun*es %ort2 b]ries m$ium2 sweet2 good2 long keep]4 ,gold5 ,b]ry4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,culb]t ,no4 #e4 ,a :ite se$l+ ( ,h>t=d & ,g5]al ,m>mora2 f ,dr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,m4 ,culb]t1 ,newburgh1 ,new ,york2 exhibit$ z a new fruit be=e ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahgg2 h>dy & a free be>]4 ,gold5 ,cl9ton4 7,rip47 ,k+4 ,a *ance se$l+1 probably ( ,cl9ton1 f\nd 9 a g>d5 9 ,ro*e/]2 fruit$ 9 #aheg2 introduc$ by ,william ,k+4 ,app>5tly ! same z ,cl9ton except t x is less productive & ! b]ries are gre5i%-:ite4 ,gold5 ,concord4 7,lab47 ,valle's ,:ite ,concord4 ,a :ite se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,john ,valle1 ,new ,hav51 ,miss\ri4 ,report$ z inf]ior to ,m>?a4 ,gold5 ,drop4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,adirondac cross$ ) ,delaw>e1 f ,c4 ,g4 ,pr+le1 ,v]mont1 9 #ahfi4 ,m$ium 9 vigor1 %y be>]2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s small1 loose2 b]ries small1 r\ndi%1 gre5i%-yell[1 p]si/5t2 firm1 juicy2 t5d]1 sweet1 mild2 good4 ,gold5 ,gem4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e cross$ ) ,iona2 f ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts2 fir/ exhibit$ be=e ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahha4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 clu/]s small1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries small1 r\ndi%1 gold5 yell[1 ?9 bloom2 juicy1 sweet1 v9\s2 v good2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,gold5 ,gra94 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,l9dley cross$ ) ,delaw>e2 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s1 d\btfully h>dy1 productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s m$ium1 frequ5tly %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries small1 oval1 light gre51 ?9 bloom1 incl9$ to drop & to %rivel2 mod]ately juicy1 foxy1 sweet2 fair quality4 ,gold/e94 7,lab47 ,gold/e9's ,e>ly4 ,f ,mississippi1 ab\t #ahig2 simil> to ,*ampion4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s m$ium1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 black2 poor quality2 rip5s e>ly4 ,good ,adle4 7,v9487 ,not$ 9 ! ,wiscons9 ,horticultural ,society ,report = #ahgb z a f9e :ite ,g]man grape2 exhibit$ by a ,mrs4 ,curtis1 ,milwaukee4 ,goodman4 7,lab47 ,not$ by ,pr9ce 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahfc z a wor?less ,labrusca4 ,gov]nor ,irel&4 7,lab47 ,a pure se$l+ ( ,moore ,e>ly2 f ,munson4 ,lacks vigor1 m$ium 9 productiv5ess2 bun* l>ge1 loose2 b]ry l>ge1 globul>1 black ) :iti% bloom2 resembles ,concord b is mu* co>s]2 subject to rot4 ,gov]nor ,ross4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,triumph2 f ,munson & introduc$ 9 #ahid4 ,weak to m$ium 9 gr[?1 n productive2 /am5s upright2 ne>ly self-/]ile2 bun* l>ge1 oblong1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 oval2 sprightly1 sweet2 good2 rots badly4 ,graham4 ,an accid5tal se$l+1 suppos$ to h be5 a cross ( ,bl& & ,els9burgh2 f ,w4 ,graham ( ,philadelphia1 ab\t #ahej4 ,clu/] ( m$ium size1 %\ld]$1 n compact2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 purple2 juicy1 sweet1 sprightly2 v good4 ,gravel4 ,receiv$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 #ahfc = te/+4 ,grayson4 7,lab47 ,se$l+ ( ,moore ,e>ly2 rais$ by ,munson4 ,a black1 l>ge-b]ri$ v>iety ) clu/]s m$ium to l>ge2 mod]ately vigor\s & productive2 flavor sweet b lacks "*2 good4 ,gray's ,se$l+s4 ,a numb] ( se$l+s ( ,concord 7 rais$ by ,w4 ,c4 ,gray ( ,atwood1 ,ill9ois1 ab\t #ahij4 ,none atta9$ prom95ce4 ,gre5 ,ca/le4 7,lab47 ,a l>ge-clu/]$1 l>ge-b]ri$ black se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,d4 ,s4 ,m>v94 ,gre5 ,ul/]4 7,lab47 ,a light gre5 se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,j4 ,b4 ,moore1 ( ,concord1 ,massa*usetts1 ab\t #ahgj4 ,gre]4 7,doan47 ,a wild male v9e ( ,vitis doaniana f\nd by ,munson 9 ,gre] ,c\nty1 ,oklahoma4 ,gre9 ,extra ,e>ly4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,gre9 ,no4 #g4 ,a yell[i%-gre5 se$l+ ( ,taylor2 f ,ni*olas ,gre94 ,vigor\s1 productive2 bun* m$ium2 b]ry small ) speck at di/al end2 good2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,gre9's ,se$l+s4 ,ni*olas ,gre91 ( ,h]mann1 ,miss\ri1 ov] ?irty ye>s ago plant$ a numb] ( se$s ( ! ,european ,riesl+1 & also se$s ( ,taylor4 ,he /at$ t ! ,taylor se$l+s fail$ to g]m9ate b t ! ,european ,riesl+ se$s g]m9at$ & ( ! result+ se$l+s ,miss\ri ,riesl+1 ,gre9 ,gold5 & ,gre9 ,extra ,e>ly 7 nam$ & introduc$4 ,z !y are all ( ! ,rip>ia type1 v simil> to ,taylor1 & %[ no trace ( ,v9if]a1 x has always be5 suppos$ t ,gre9 _h 8 se$s confus$ & t x 0 ! ,european ,riesl+ t fail$ to g]m9ate1 ,taylor be+ ! real p>5t ( ^! v>ieties4 ,grevaduly4 ,a ,massa*usetts se$l+ ( ov] fifty ye>s ago1 m5tion$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report ( #ahei4 ,grev]son4 ,a se$l+ receiv$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ov] fifty ye>s ago4 ,grote4 7,rip47 ,a wild v>iety ( ,vitis rip>ia secur$ by ,munson f ,mau/on1 ,wiscons94 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] small2 b]ry small1 black2 rip5s e>ly4 ,grove4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a cross ( ,cl9ton ) ,concord4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 clu/] & b]ry ( m$ium size & ( pale gre5 to amb] color2 fle% t5d]1 sweet & spicy2 rip5s %ortly aft] ,concord4 ,gue/a4 ,a v>iety m5tion$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahfj z be+ blue2 sweet1 slightly pulpy1 ( agreeable flavor4 ,guign>d4 ,black ,guign>d4 ,orig9 unkn[n b at "o "t rais$ by ,longwor?1 ( ,ohio4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 small1 br[n b]ries2 high quality4 ,gu9evra4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,c4 ,engle1 ( ,paw ,paw1 ,mi*igan2 a se$l+ ( ,salem4 ,h>dy1 vigor\s1 productive2 clu/]s l>ge1 sometimes %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 yell[i%-gre52 v late4 ,gula4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,rup47 ,a se$l+ ( ,am]ica cross$ ) ,beacon2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 rip5s mid-season4 ,gul*4 7,l9c4 ,rup47 ,p>5ts1 ,jaeg] ,no4 #gj cross$ ) a se$l+ ,rupe/ris2 f ,munson 9 #ahhh4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s late2 n[ disc>d$ by ! orig9ator4 ,hadd5 ,se$l+4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f a ,mr4 ,hadd51 ( ,pult5ey1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahij4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] small1 compact2 b]ries r$ ) a peculi>ly wr9kl$ sk92 pleasant1 sweet1 ,muscat flavor4 ,hag>4 ,not$ 9 ! ,ill9ois ,horticultural ,society ,report1 #ahic1 z "o ( ! v>ieties exhibit$ at ! ,_w's ,fair4 ,halifax4 7,lab47 ,well]'s ,halifax4 ,not$ by ,sidney ,well]1 ,br9kleyville1 ,halifax ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahde1 z a native grape4 ,halifax ,se$l+4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,halifax by a ,v9if]a2 f ,sidney ,well]1 ab\t #ahdj4 ,fruit l ,catawba b sweet]4 ,us$ by ,dr4 ,a4 ,p4 ,wylie 9 ! production ( new v>ieties4 ,hall4 ,a se$l+ f ,david ,hall1 ,urbana1 ,ohio2 fir/ m5tion$ 9 #aheh4 ,b]ries l>g] & bett] flavor$ ?an ,cl9ton1 b n equal to ,isabella2 ne>ly black2 rip5s e>li] ?an ,isabella4 ,hall4 7,lab47 ,f a ,mr4 ,hall1 ,mi*igan2 receiv$ at ! ,mi*igan ,exp]im5t ,/ation 9 #ahic4 ,v vigor\s1 productive2 bun*es bel[ m$ium1 cyl9drical1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ries above m$ium1 r\nd1 black2 rip5s ) ,e>ly ,victor4 ,hamilton4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,mills2 f a ,mr4 ,g>dn]1 ( ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york4 ,less vigor\s ?an p>5t2 bun*es l>ge1 %\ld]$1 compact1 attractive2 b]ries adh]5t2 pulp t\gh] ?an ,mills & ! flavor is inf]ior2 keeps well4 ,hamill ,se$l+4 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,te/$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ab\t #ahfj & prov$ to be s ne> l ,isabella t ! two c\ld n be di/+ui%$4 ,h>dy ,*asselas4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,f a cross betwe5 ,diana & ,royal ,muscad9e2 f ,jacob ,moore2 exhibit$ be=e ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society1 #ahfe4 ,h>dy1 ) ,v9if]a foliage2 juicy2 good4 ,h>m]4 7,lab4 ,rip47 ,a cross betwe5 ,vitis labrusca & ,vitis rip>ia1 f\nd 9 ,h>t=d ,c\nty1 ,connecticut1 by ,d4 ,ald]ton1 ,m>lboro1 ,new ,york4 ,v vigor\s1 heal?y1 h>dy1 m$ium 9 productiv5ess2 bun* small1 compact2 b]ries black ) h>d pulp2 sweet1 spicy2 late4 ,h>m] ,se$l+4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,not$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,horticultural ,annual = #ahgj z a native r$ grape ) a small ,catawba-l b]ry hav+ h>d pulp4 ,h>rell4 7,lab47 ,a *ance se$l+2 f ,ob$ ,h>rell1 ,*risman1 ,ill9ois1 ab\t #ahij4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 clu/] m$ium1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 :ite1 r\nd2 v sweet4 ,h>riet ,bee*]4 ,f ,william ,m4 ,m>9e4 ,bun* small2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 d>k r$2 pulp s(t2 sk9 ?ick2 good4 ,h>ris4 7,b\rq487 ,old ,h\se ,grape4 ,f\nd gr[+ ne> a des]t$ h\se by a ,mr4 ,h>ris ( ,mill$geville1 ,georgia4 ,describ$ 9 ,horticulturi/ = #aheg z vigor\s2 clu/]s m$ium1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries small to m$ium1 r\nd1 black ) blue bloom2 a little pulpy1 sweet1 juicy1 agreeable2 v good4 ,h>rison4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,isaac ,/aples1 ,dayton1 ,ohio4 ,?rifty z ,concord1 h>dy2 foliage ?ick1 heal?y2 bun* l>ge1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 r$1 pure flavor2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,h>rison4 7,lab47 ,t4 ,t4 ,lyon1 9 ! ,mi*igan ,horticultural ,society ,report = #ahha1 ?9ks ?is is ,woodruff's ,no4 #b4 ,a black grape ( ! "* ( ,concord1 b l>g] 9 bo? b]ry & bun* & a week e>li]4 ,h>v>d ,se$l+4 7,lab47 ,not$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahec z a native se$l+ rais$ at ,h>v>d1 ,worce/] ,c\nty1 ,massa*usetts2 may be synonym\s ) ,nor!rn ,muscad9e4 ,h>wood4 7,b\rq47 ,improv$ ,w>r52 ,sacks ( ,w9e4 ,f ,major ,h>wood1 ,gonzales1 ,texas2 not$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society ,report = #ahha4 ,l ,h]bemont b n z vigor\s & ! fruit is ab\t twice z l>ge1 light] purple1 & rip5s f\r or five days e>li]4 ,haskell's ,se$l+s4 ,george ,haskell1 ( ,ipswi*1 ,massa*usetts1 0 "o ( ! e>ly & p]si/5t grape-bre$]s ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,8 ef=ts 7 simil> to ^? ( ,rog]s 9 t he produc$ direct hybrids ( ,v9if]a ) e>ly rip5+ select$ ,labruscas4 ,he us$ sev]al v>ieties ( bo? p>5t species & produc$ sev]al ?\s& se$l+s4 ,exp]ts to :om samples 7 s5t affirm$ t _! quality 0 ( ! be/4 ,a few 7 s5t out = te/+ b ! mo/ ( !m 7 de/roy$ z ,mr4 ,haskell did n ?9k t any ( ! (f]s w\ld recomp5se him = ! co/ ( production4 ,^? s5t out 7 highly comm5d$ at fir/ b soon dropp$ f sight4 ,! only nam$ v>iety ( 8 is ,ruby4 ,haskew4 ,not$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,horticultural ,annual = #ahga z a native grape f ,w4 ,b4 ,kelly1 ,ab+don1 ,virg9ia4 ,hattie4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,mi*igan or ,catawba2 f ,n4 ,r4 ,haskell1 ,monroe1 ,mi*igan2 fruit$ 9 #ahfa4 ,leaves simil> to ,catawba b small]2 bun* m$ium1 loose2 b]ries m$ium1 slightly oval1 r$ ) :ite bloom2 little pulp1 pleasantly v9\s2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,hattie4 7,lab47 ,giv5 by ,mitzky1 #ahic1 z a *ance se$l+ f ,j4 ,a4 ,putnam1 ,fr$onia1 ,new ,york4 ,productive2 bun* %ort1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 black2 v sweet1 flavor simil> to ,am9ia2 rip5s ) ,moore ,e>ly4 ,hattie4 7,lab47 ,not$ by ,mitzky1 9 #ahic1 z a suppos$ se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,b5jam9 ,/ratton1 ,ri*mond1 ,indiana2 ne>ly id5tical ) ,concord4 ,probably ! same v>iety t ,bu% m5tions z be+ introduc$ by ,e4 ,y4 ,teas1 ( ,ri*mond4 ,hatton4 7,lab4 ,rip47 ,a cross betwe5 ,fai? & ,ives2 f ,f4 ,e4 ,l4 ,raut5b]g1 ,l9coln1 ,ill9ois4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 v productive2 foliage resembles ,fai?1 & fruit1 ,telegraph2 bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 v9\s2 rip5s a little aft] ,concord2 a bett] keep]4 ,hattus4 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,not$ by ,mead 9 #ahfg z p]haps ! same z ,hattie4 ,said to be a se$l+ ( ,catawba1 b ( small] size & q acid2 ( cl>et color4 ,hawk9s ,no4 #c4 ,f ,william ,hawk9s1 ,hamilton1 ,ont>io4 ,exhibit$ z a new grape at ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society meet+ 9 #ahgi4 ,describ$ z h>dy2 bun* & b]ry l>ge2 :ite2 v9\s1 high flavor$2 be/4 ,hawk9s ,no4 #aj4 ,f same gr[] z above & exhibit$ at ! same "t & place4 ,h>dy2 bun* & b]ry small2 :ite2 sweet1 v good2 sk9 t\gh4 ,he>!nge4 ,li/$ ) v>ieties ( grapes "u te/ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 #ahfc4 ,hel54 ,not$ by ,bu*anan z a grape gr[n & exhibit$ by ,n4 ,longwor? 9 #ahdf4 ,hel5 ,kell]4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,ae/487 ,said to be an accid5tal se$l+ f ,james ,ni*olson2 s5t out 9 #ahie by ,p4 ,r4 ,de ,mu?1 ,connellsville1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,v vigor\s1 h>dy1 usually productive2 /am5s reflex$2 clu/]s m$ium1 usually %\ld]$1 loose2 b]ries l>ge1 r\ndi%1 d>k dull r$ ) lilac bloom1 p]si/5t2 juicy1 t5d]1 v9\s1 good2 sk9 ?ick1 r t5d]1 incl9$ to crack4 ,resembles ,salem 9 appe>ance2 wor?y ( fur!r trial4 ,helpf]4 7,lab47 ,accord+ to ,mitzky1 #ahic1 f ,!ophile ,hub]1 ,ill9ois ,city1 ,ill9ois4 ,m$ium 9 vigor & h>d9ess2 bun* & b]ries m$ium1 :ite2 good4 ,h5rico4 ,not$ by ,pr9ce 9 8 ,treatise on ! ,v9e1 #ahcj1 z a native grape f\nd 9 ,h5rico ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia4 ,b]ries size ( ,bl&2 clu/]s half ! size2 pale blue or purpli%2 sweet1 agreeable4 ,h5ry4 7,lab47 ,f ,!ophile ,hub]4 ,describ$ by ,mitzky 9 #ahic2 bun* size ( ,concord2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 :ite2 juicy1 sweet1 foxy2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,h5%aw4 ,a native grape f ,m>t9sburg1 ,virg9ia4 ,describ$ 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahei z purple & ( m$ium size4 ,h]ald4 7,lab47 ,receiv$ f ,g4 ,a4 ,ens5b]g]1 ,bloom+ton1 ,ill9ois1 9 #ahhi4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 foliage good2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 poor 9 quality2 rip5s e>ly4 ,h]bemont ,se$l+4 7,b\rq47 ,not$ by ,w>d] 9 #ahfg z f ,ohio2 l its p>5t2 v good2 promis+ = w9e4 ,h]o4 7,lab47 ,a bud v>iation ( ,concord2 introduc$ by ,ludwig ,h5cke1 ,coll9sville1 ,ill9ois2 exhibit$ at ,_w's ,fair 9 #ahic4 ,mod]ate 9 gr[?2 apt to ov]be>2 foliage heal?y2 bun* l>ge1 %[y2 b]ry v l>ge1 black2 9 flavor simil> to ,concord4 ,h]tia4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ f ,c4 ,engle1 ,paw ,paw1 ,mi*igan2 br\ght to notice 9 #ahij4 ,bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 purple2 juicy1 sweet1 slightly foxy2 good2 mid-season4 ,hettie4 ,husmann 9 ! ,grape ,culturi/ = #ahfi describes ?is v>iety z mu* l ,isabella1 b n bett]4 ,?is may be ! grape :i* ,d[n+ 9 #ahfi describes z bun* small2 b]ry black2 fle% some:at pulpy2 a poor gr[] & be>]2 rip5s e>ly4 ,heunis4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e2 f ,w4 ,w4 ,jones1 ,d\glas ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 ab\t #ahgj4 ,h>dy1 productive2 bun* resembles ,cl9ton 9 %ape2 b]ry m$ium1 :ite2 good4 ,hexam]4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,dr4 ,hexam]4 ,a se$l+ ( a wild ,po/-oak cross$ ) ,triumph2 f ,munson1 introduc$ 9 #ahic4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive1 simil> to ,am]ica 9 foliage & fruit *>act]s2 t5drils int]mitt5t2 /am5s reflex$2 clu/]s m$ium1 (t5 %\ld]$1 v>iable 9 compactness2 b]ries m$ium to bel[1 slightly oblate1 black ) heavy bloom1 p]si/5t2 t5d]1 spicy1 ne>ly sweet1 ) ,po/-oak flavor4 ,hiawasse4 ,disc>d$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 #ahfc4 ,h9e4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,h9e ,se$l+4 ,rais$ by ,jason ,br[n 7son ( ! patriot1 ,john ,br[n71 at ,put-9-,bay1 ,ohio1 9 #ahea1 f se$ ( ,catawba & ,isabella grapes gr[+ close toge!r4 ,h>dy1 productive2 bun* & b]ry mu* l ,catawba 9 size & =m1 b d>k]2 t5d]1 sprightly1 sweet1 ri*2 rip5s e>li] ?an ,catawba4 ,hock4 7,b\rq4 ,ae/4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,h]bemont cross$ ) ,norton2 f ,munson ab\t #ahij4 ,h(] ,se$l+ ,no4 #b4 7,lab47 ,a volunte] grape f ! ,concord v9ey>d ( ,a4 ,f4 ,h(]1 ,i[a1 9 #ahgf4 ,describ$ z an improv$ ,concord2 b]ries l>g] & ! clu/]s m compact2 rip5s ) ,word54 ,holmes4 7,b\rq4 ,lab47 ,a *ance se$l+ believ$ to be a cross betwe5 a v>iety ( ! ,h]bemont gr\p & a ,labrusca2 f ,galve/on1 ,texas4 ,ond]donk /ates t x comb9es1 9 its gr[? & appe>ance1 bo? ,ae/ivalis & ,labrusca blood4 ,v productive2 fruit ab\t ! size & color ( ,l9dley4 ,honey4 ,giv5 9 ,pr9ce's ,treatise on ! ,v9e z a native v>iety1 gr[n ne> ,philadelphia ab\t #ahbg4 ,leaves deeply five-lob$1 ind5tures irregul>1 "u surface cov]$ ) d[n2 clu/]s m$ium1 compact2 sweet4 ,honey4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,salem2 f ,c4 ,engle1 ,paw ,paw1 ,mi*igan1 ab\t #ahij4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 v productive2 bun* m$ium1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium to l>ge1 :ite1 almo/ transluc5t2 ( honey$ sweetness2 rip5s ) ,word54 ,honey ,dew4 7,lab47 ,yonk]'s ,honey ,dew2 ,y\ngk5's ,honey ,dew2 ,yunk]'s ,honey ,dew4 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord :i* 0 ?\ght to h be5 f]tiliz$ by ,delaw>e2 f ,david ,y\ngk51 ,ri*l&t[n1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,lacks vigor2 fairly productive1 foliage heal?y2 bun* m$ium1 long1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 black ) blue bloom2 pulpy1 v foxy1 sweet2 rip5s aft] ,h>t=d4 ,hook]4 ,giv5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report = #ahfi z a ,labrusca4 ,hopeon4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq487 ,a se$l+ ( ,big ,hope cross$ ) ,c>man2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 :ite2 rip5s late4 ,hoph]be4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,po/-oak cross$ ) ,h]bemont2 f ,munson4 ,v vigor\s1 productive2 /am5s upright2 bun* l>ge1 v compact2 b]ry m$ium1 ( d>k copp] color2 quality fair2 rip5s late4 ,hopican4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,ae/4 ,rip47 ,a se$l+ ( ,eumelan f]tiliz$ by ,elvira2 f ,d4 ,s4 ,m>v91 ,wat]t[n1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahhi4 ,vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s l>ge1 sometimes %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 r\ndi%1 unattractive yell[i%-gre51 p]si/5t1 mod]ately juicy1 t5d]2 fair 9 quality2 sk9 ?91 adh]es to pulp2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,hopk9s4 7,l9c4 ,ae/4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,po/-oak cross$ ) ,cyn?iana2 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess1 susceptible to mildew2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s small1 frequ5tly %\ld]$1 v compact2 b]ries small1 oblate1 black ) heavy bloom1 p]si/5t2 s(t1 juicy1 t\gh1 spicy1 v9\s2 fair 9 flavor2 rip5s aft] ,catawba4 ,horn]4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,joel ,horn]1 ,delair1 ,new ,j]sey2 receiv$ at ?is ,/ation 9 #ahid4 ,mod]ately vigor\s2 bun* l>ge2 b]ries small1 r\nd1 black ) blue bloom2 sweet1 slightly foxy2 sk9 ?ick1 t\gh2 rip5s e>ly4 ,hosk9s ,se$l+4 ,a se$l+ :i* came up betwe5 an ,alvey & a ,delaw>e2 f ,a4 ,hosk9s1 ,toronto1 ,ont>io1 9 #ahhf4 ,bun*es l>ge1 compact2 b]ries simil> to ,cl9ton 9 size & color b inf]ior 9 quality2 rip5s unev5ly & late4 ,h[ell4 ,f ,edw>d ,tatnall1 ,wilm+ton1 ,delaw>e1 ab\t #ahfj4 ,bun* l>ge2 b]ries m$ium1 black2 pulp firm2 sk9 ?ick2 good2 rip5s e>ly4 ,hubb>d ,se$less4 7,lab47 ,gr[n by ! ,t4 ,s4 ,hubb>d ,company1 ,fr$onia1 ,new ,york1 b has n be5 dissem9at$4 ,vigor\s1 v h>dy1 some:at unproductive1 ( ,labrusca type2 quality equal to ,delaw>e2 b]ries ! size ( ,delaw>e b d>k] 9 color4 ,hub]4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,taylor2 f ,jacob ,rommel1 ,morrison1 ,miss\ri4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y2 bun* small] ?an ,concord2 color ( ,catawba2 late4 ,hub]'s ,se$l+s4 ,!ophile ,hub] ( ,ill9ois ,city1 ,ill9ois1 some?+ ov] tw5ty ye>s ago orig9at$ a l>ge numb] ( se$l+s :i* he s5t out = te/+4 ,he writes t1 ) ! exception ( ,hub] ,no4 #ab1 :i* is f ,h>t=d1 8 se$l+s are f mix$ se$ ( ,concord1 ,cl9ton1 ,m>ion1 ,rebecca1 ,isabella1 ,delaw>e1 ,catawba & ,crevel+4 ,( 8 nam$ sorts !re are3 ,alb]t1 ,alphonse1 ,b]?a1 ,bra5dly1 ,doctor ,w>d]1 ,edw>d1 ,emma1 ,ill9ois ,city1 ,m>gu]ite1 ,m>ie ,l\ise1 & ,!ophile4 ,mo/ ( ,hub]'s grapes 7 nam$ be=e dissem9at+ b a few1 z foll[s1 h gone out ) numb]s4 ,no4 #aa4 ,z te/$ by ! ,virg9ia ,exp]im5t ,/ation1 weak1 unproductive2 /am5s upright2 bun* small1 loose2 b]ries l>ge1 black2 poor quality2 rip5s betwe5 ,concord & ,catawba4 ,no4 #ab4 ,describ$ by ,ill9ois ,exp]im5t ,/ation z v vigor\s1 heal?y1 promis+2 bun* m$ium1 oblong1 sometimes %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry small to l>ge1 r\nd1 black ) heavy bloom2 juicy1 t5d]1 sweet1 v ri*2 sk9 t5d]2 ab\t a week lat] ?an ,concord4 ,no4 #ac4 ,describ$ by ! ,virg9ia ,exp]im5t ,/ation z weak2 /am5s upright2 bun* small1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 copp]y 9 color2 rip5s late4 ,hudson4 7,lab47 ,giv5 by ,d[n+ 9 #aheg z f ,mr4 ,calk9s1 ,hudson1 ,new ,york4 ,gr[? simil> to ,isabella2 two or ?ree weeks e>li]2 bun* & b]ry mu* ! same1 b less sprightly & n q s ri*4 ,hudson4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,rebecca2 f ,a4 ,j4 ,caywood1 ,m>lboro1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahgj4 ,accord+ to ,caywood & sev]al prom95t horticulturi/s1 ?is v>iety is id5tical ) ,pr5tiss4 ,caywood says he refra9$ f introduc+ ?is grape on ! advice ( sev]al grape exp]ts b s5t x out = te/+ to sev]al p]sons among/ :om 0 ,j4 ,w4 ,pr5tiss1 introduc] ( ! ,pr5tiss4 ,hulk]son's ,se$l+s4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,tw5ty-"o se$l+s f a s+le bun* ( ,wild]1 f ,w4 ,g4 ,hulk]son & ,company1 ,oriel1 ,mi*igan1 7 %[n be=e ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahgi4 ,none 0 bett] ?an ! p>5t1 b all 7 int]e/+ z !y %[$ mu* v>iation 9 size ( b]ries & 9 color1 ! latt] rang+ f black to r$4 ,humboldt4 7,rip4 ,b\rq487 ,a se$l+ ( ,l\isiana1 probably cross$ ) ,rip>ia2 f ,fr$]ick ,mu5*1 ,m>?asville1 ,w>r5 ,c\nty1 ,miss\ri4 ,vigor\s v9e ( ,rip>ia "*1 h>dy1 heal?y2 /am5s upright2 clu/] m$ium1 sometimes %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 oblate1 dull gold5 gre5 ) ?ick bloom1 amb] :5 fully ripe2 sweet1 ( ,elvira flavor2 rip5s ) ,catawba4 ,hunt]ville4 ,m5tion$ by ,sidney ,well]1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahde1 z a native v>iety1 subject to rot1 gr[n 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,hunt+don4 7,rip47 ,au/ralian4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive1 subject to mildew2 resembles ,cl9ton2 bun* small1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry small1 r\nd1 black2 juicy1 v9\s2 drops badly2 rip5s unev5ly4 ,husmann4 7,l9c4 ,v94 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,armlong cross$ ) ,p]ry2 f ,munson1 introduc$ 9 #aijj4 ,vigor\s1 prolific1 subject to mildew2 clu/]s v l>ge1 long1 cyl9drical1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 globul>1 black1 ) t5d5cy to drop2 juicy1 t5d]1 m v9\s ?an ,black ,eagle b less sweet2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 rip5s ) ,h]bemont4 ,hut*9son4 7,long47 ,a wild v>iety ( ,vitis longii2 secur$ f ,hut*9son ,c\nty1 ,texas1 by ,munson4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] small2 b]ry small1 black2 rip5s mid-season4 ,hutporup4 7,long4 ,l9c4 ,rup47 ,a se$l+ ( ,hut*9son f]tiliz$ by ,porup2 f ,munson4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] small2 b]ry small1 black2 rip5s e>ly4 ,hyde ,black4 7,lab47 ,giv5 9 ,pr9ce's ,treatise on ! ,v9e1 #ahcj1 z a native v>iety f\nd on ! f>m ( ,wilkes ,hyde1 ne> ,catskill1 ,new ,york4 ,v vigor\s & productive2 b]ries m$ium1 black2 juicy1 t5d]1 r a/r+5t1 foxy4 ,hyde ,eliza4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ f ,wilkes ,hyde1 ab\t #ahbh4 ,?is v>iety s closely resembles ,york ,madeira t x has caus$ mu* confusion4 ,*>les ,d[n+ 9 ! ,horticulturi/ = #ahfj says t x is m vigor\s2 bun* & b]ry l>g]1 some:at l ! ,isabella1 b a week or two e>li]4 ,ict]ida4 7,ae/4 ,lab4 ,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,a cross ( ,gold ,co9 ) ,bull2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahii4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y2 clu/] m$ium1 well-=m$2 b]ry l>ge1 light yell[1 p]si/5t2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp ( m$ium t5d]ness1 juicy1 sweet2 good2 rip5s ab\t ) ,gold ,co94 ,ida4 7,lab47 ,a :ite se$l+ produc$ by ,t4 ,b4 ,m9]1 f se$ ( ,concord4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy b n productive2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge & ( light gre5 color2 late4 ,id54 ,lake4 ,not$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society ,report = #aheh z wor?less4 ,ill9ois ,city4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,!ophile ,hub]1 ab\t ?irty ye>s ago4 ,vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 unproductive2 clu/] small2 b]ries m$ium1 dull yell[i%-gre52 sk9 ?9 & t5d]2 foxy1 mild1 sweet2 good4 ,! fl[]s are /]ile & ! fruit rip5s ) ,concord4 ,ill9ois ,e>ly4 ,f ,g4 ,a4 ,ens5b]g]1 ,bloom+ton1 ,ill9ois1 ab\t #ahig4 ,vigor\s2 clu/]s small2 b]ries m$ium1 black2 rip5s a few days lat] ?an ,moore ,e>ly4 ,ill9ois ,prolific4 ,not$ z wor?less 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahfc4 ,improv$ ,purple ,fox4 7,lab47 ,bu*anan m5tions ?is v>iety z hav+ be5 rais$ & exhibit$ by ,longwor? 9 #ahdf4 ,indiana4 ,m5tion$ by ,bu*anan 9 #aheb z hav+ be5 te/$ by ,w>d] 9 #ahdf & f\nd wor?less4 ,indian ,field4 ,a /am9ate v9e m5tion$ 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahfc4 ,int]national4 7,v94 ,rip4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,m>ion f]tiliz$ by ,:ite ,frontignan2 f ,n4 ,b4 ,:ite1 ,norwood1 ,massa*usetts1 ab\t #ahhh4 ,vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 v productive2 clu/]s l>ge2 b]ries l>ge1 light r$2 flavor resembles ,delaw>e b ) an ,ae/ivalis ta/e2 v good4 ,iola4 7,rip47 ,orig9at$ by ,john ,burr4 ,describ$ by ,/ayman3 bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 :ite2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 sprightly1 ri*1 sweet1 be/2 vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y & productive1 free f rot & mildew2 ripe be=e ,concord4 99 99 99 ( ! ,rip>ia class4 ,i[a4 ,m5tion$ ab\t =ty ye>s ago z be+ ( v high quality4 ,i[a ,excelsior4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,orig9at$ by ,pr(essor ,ma!ws1 ( ,i[a1 ab\t #ahhj4 ,clu/]s m$ium2 b]ries l>ge1 r$2 high quality2 rip5s e>ly2 self-/]ile4 ,iris4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( "o ( ,rog]s' hybrids2 f ,c4 ,engle1 ,paw ,paw1 ,mi*igan1 ab\t #ahhh4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] l>ge1 long1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 d>k amb]1 ?9 blui% bloom2 sk9 ?92 pulp t\gh1 slightly a/r+5t1 sweet1 v9\s1 foxy2 good4 ,irv9 ,octob]4 7,b\rq47 ,orig9at$ on ! ,irv9 f>m 9 ,guil=d ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ab\t #ahhe4 ,vigor\s b incl9$ to mildew2 clu/] l>ge1 long1 tap]+2 b]ries m$ium 9 size1 ( d+y r$ color2 sweet2 good2 v late4 ,irv+4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,catawba f]tiliz$ by ,*asselas de ,fonta9bleau2 f ,s4 ,w4 ,und]hill 9 #ahfh4 ,vigor\s canes1 %ort-jo9t$2 clu/]s l>ge1 long1 %\ld]$1 n well fill$2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 yell[i%-gre51 ?ick bloom2 sk9 ?ick1 t\gh2 fle% t5d]1 melt+2 flavor v9\s1 sweet2 v good2 rots & mildews badly4 ,i?aca4 7,v94 ,b\rq4 ,lab47 ,p>k]2 ,tuck]'s ,p>k]4 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e f]tiliz$ by ,*asselas ,musque2 f a ,mr4 ,tuck]1 ( ,i?aca1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahfh4 ,( mod]ate vigor2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 pale gre5 ) amb] t+e2 sk9 ?ick2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 sweet2 high quality4 ,jac5t4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,not$ by ,t4 ,v4 ,munson 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahhd1 z undi/+ui%able f ,bac*us1 except t ! sac*>omet] %[s less sug>4 ,jaeg]'s ,se$l+s4 ,ab\t =ty ye>s ago ,h]mann ,jaeg]1 ( ,neo%o1 ,miss\ri1 became int]e/$ 9 ! horticultural possibilities ( ! wild grapes ( 8 neighborhood4 ,he correspond$ ) ,fr$]ick ,mu5*1 ( ,m>?asville1 :o enc\rag$ him 9 8 ef=ts4 ,beside select+ v>i\s v9es f ! woods he made crosses ( species4 ,8 object 0 to secure m vigor\s1 productive & disease-resi/ant sorts ?an any ( our /&>d v>ieties4 ,he 0 p>ticul>ly impress$ ) ! ,l9cecumii or s-call$ ,summ] grapes ( 8 section4 ,8 selections ( ?is species are notable = _! extreme vigor b _m ( !m are susceptible to fungi & z !y are all self-/]ile !y are unc]ta9 be>]s :5 remov$ f ! wild male v9es4 ,8 mo/ promis+ se$l+s are z foll[s3 ,no4 #i4 ,productive2 subject to black-rot2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry bel[ m$ium2 juicy1 sweet2 good4 ,no4 #ab4 ,clu/] & b]ry m$ium2 sweet4 ,no4 #ac4 ,h>dy1 prolific2 z l>ge z ,ives & ( no bett] quality4 ,no4 #ag4 ,clu/] l>ge2 b]ries m$ium2 sweet2 good4 ,no4 #db4 ,clu/] v l>ge2 b]ry m$ium2 v sweet & juicy2 good4 ,no4 #dc4 7,l9c47 ,"o ( ,jaeg]'s selections f ! woods4 ,rank gr[]2 canes ?ick1 num]\s1 glauc\s2 diaphragm ?ick2 %oots glabr\s1 sp9y2 t5drils int]mitt5t2 leaves l>ge1 ?ick1 glossy gre51 glauc\s bel[1 n lob$2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 oblate1 black2 rip5s too late = ?is section4 ,does n rip5 its wood well & is slightly t5d] & v susceptible to leaf-hopp] "h4 ,self-/]ile4 ,no4 #ej4 ,see ,longwor?4 ,no4 #ef4 ,see ,duf\r4 ,no4 #gj4 ,see ,munson4 ,no4 #gb4 7,l9c4 ,rup47 ,a se$l+ ( ,no4 #dc cross$ ) a male v9e ( ,vitis rupe/ris4 ,bun* m$ium1 v compact2 b]ry size ( ,concord1 black ) pale bloom2 sweet1 ( pure flavor2 rip5s ) ,norton4 ,no4 #ajj4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,elvira4 ,v9e %[s ,labrusca *>act]s1 v h>dy1 productive2 bun* & b]ry z l>ge z ,concord1 yell[i% ) r$di% t+e2 quality & flavor simil> to ,catawba2 cracks :5 ripe2 season ) ,delaw>e4 ,james ,se$l+4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,j4 ,h4 ,james1 ,urbana1 ,ohio4 ,resembles ,catawba b is h>di] & heal?i]4 ,jane ,wylie4 7,rip4 ,v94 ,lab47 ,janie ,wylie4 ,a hybrid betwe5 ,cl9ton & a =eign grape2 f ,dr4 ,a4 ,p4 ,wylie1 ,*e/]1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ab\t #ahgj4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 bun* l>ge1 %\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge1 globul> to oval1 d>k r$ ) ?ick bloom2 pulp firm1 meaty1 juicy1 sweet1 ri*1 v9\s2 sk9 ?ick1 t5d]2 e>ly4 ,jelly4 ,exhibit$ be=e ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahef & describ$ by ,william ,g4 ,w>+ ( ,p5nsylvania z extremely productive1 good2 especially valuable = cul9>y use4 ,v good :5 dri$4 ,jem9a4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,elvira cross$ ) an unkn[n v>iety2 f ,d4 ,s4 ,m>v91 ,wat]t[n1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahia4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y2 bun* %ort1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 black1 delici\s2 sk9 ?91 liable to crack2 mu* e>li] ?an ,elvira4 ,j5nie ,may4 7,lab47 ,mitzky1 9 #ahic1 /ates t ?is v>iety is a ,concord se$l+ gr[n by ,john ,laws1 ,g5eva1 ,new ,york4 ,app>5tly id5tical ) ,concord4 ,j5n+s4 7,lab47 ,a native grape f ,lex+ton1 ,massa*usetts1 not$ 9 ,magaz9e ( ,horticulture = #ahfj4 ,h>dy1 productive1 free f mildew2 bun* m$ium2 b]ries black2 pulpy1 foxy2 rip5s v e>ly4 ,jessie4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( a cross betwe5 ,delaw>e & ,diana2 receiv$ by ! ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly 9 #ahgi1 f ,f4 ,w4 ,l\don1 ,janesville1 ,wiscons94 ,describ$ z look+ l ,diana b ( bett] flavor4 ,jet]4 7,rot47 ,describ$ 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,/ation ,bullet9 ,no4 #acb4 ,vigor\s1 v productive2 bun*es conta9 ?ree to eight l>ge1 br[ni%-black b]ries2 sk9 ?ick1 v t\gh2 pulp t5d]1 juicy2 quality good2 rip5s ab\t ,augu/ #be?4 ,jo54 ,not$ by ,pr9ce 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahfc z a wor?less v>iety4 ,john ,burr4 7,lab47 ,not$ by ,mitzky1 9 #ahic1 z a ,concord se$l+ gr[n by ! late ,john ,burr1 ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas4 ,johnson4 ,a ,s\? ,c>ol9a se$l+4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society catalogs = #ahge & #ahha4 ,jolly4 ,a ,p5nsylvania grape not$ by ,w>+ 9 #ahea4 ,joly4 7,*amp47 ,a wild v9e ( ,vitis *amp9i secur$ by ,munson f ,lampasas ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] small2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s e>ly4 ,jona?an4 ,not$ by ,s4 ,j4 ,p>k] ( ,i?aca1 ,new ,york1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahfa z a grape t grew well & rip5$ its wood4 ,jopl9's ,peaks ( ,ott]4 ,a native grape ( ! ,blue ,ridge ,m\nta9s1 ,virg9ia1 f ,j4 ,jopl94 ,not$ 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahfi z hav+ be5 9 cultivation = ?irty-five ye>s4 ,v vigor\s1 v productive1 heal?y2 f9e w9e grape4 ,jordan ,l>ge ,blue4 ,jordan's ,blue4 ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj /ates t ?is grape is an exotic b t a ,mr4 ,smi? ( ,new ,j]sey believ$ x to be a native ( ,new ,engl&4 ,bun*es l>ge2 b]ries l>ge1 blue2 fle% pulpy4 ,joseph ,h5ry4 ,a se$l+ f ,d4 ,j4 ,pip]1 ,ill9ois2 receiv$ fir/ premium at ! ,/ate ,fair 9 ,freeport1 ,ill9ois1 9 #ahgg1 z ! be/ new grape4 ,said to be v e>ly & z ( high quality z ,delaw>e4 ,judd4 ,not$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,horticultural ,annual = #ahga1 z a se$l+ rais$ by ,p4 ,/ew>t ( ,mt4 ,lebanon1 ,new ,york4 ,judge4 7,doan47 ,a wild male v9e ( ,vitis doaniana secur$ by ,munson f ,gre] ,c\nty1 ,oklahoma4 ,judge ,mill]4 7,b\rq4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,h]bemont cross$ ) ,m>?a2 f ,munson4 ,describ$ by ! ,georgia ,exp]im5t ,/ation z mod]ately vigor\s2 /am5s upright2 bun* l>ge1 mod]ately compact2 b]ries m$ium1 gre5i%-yell[1 ( good quality2 rip5s a little e>li] ?an ,catawba4 ,july4 ,c4 ,e4 ,goodri* ( ,utica1 ,new ,york1 m5tions ?is v>iety1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahec1 z valuable because ( rip5+ e>ly4 ,july ,tw5ty-fif?4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,accord+ to ,mitzky1 #ahic1 ?is is an ,elvira se$l+2 f ,jacob ,rommel1 ,morrison1 ,miss\ri4 ,jumbo4 7,lab47 ,big ,concord4 ,probably a ,concord se$l+2 f ,reub5 ,rose1 ,m>lboro1 ,new ,york4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 bun*es & b]ries v>y 9 size f ye> to ye>2 rip5s a week e>li] ?an ,concord4 ,juno4 7,b\rq4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e2 f ,g4 ,a4 ,ens5b]g]1 ,bloom+ton1 ,ill9ois1 #ahhb4 ,vigor\s & productive2 clu/] m$ium1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ry :ite1 transluc5t ) yell[ t+e1 r\nd1 m$ium2 pulp t5d]2 good4 ,juno4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,uno4 ,a cross betwe5 ,muscat ,hamburg & ,belvid]e2 f ,g4 ,w4 ,campbell1 ,delaw>e1 ,ohio1 ab\t #ahhb4 ,ri* & sweet4 ,juno's ,si/]4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,! same orig9 & p>5tage z ! prec$+4 ,b]ry black1 blue bloom2 fle% meaty2 se$s "p readily2 no acidity4 ,kalamazoo4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f a ,mr4 ,dixon ( ,/eub5ville1 ,jeff]son ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 ab\t #ahfj1 f se$ ( ,catawba4 ,resembles ,catawba closely b is l>g] 9 bun* & b]ry2 n ( z high quality & rip5s t5 days e>li]4 ,kali/a4 7,b\rq4 ,lab47 ,a :ite-fruit$ se$l+ ( ,delaw>e produc$ by ,j4 ,sack/$] ( ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,resembles ! p>5t except = ! color ( fruit & great] vigor ( v9e4 ,kansas ,july4 7,rip487 ,a v>iety m5tion$ by ,mead =ty ye>s ago z an e>ly grape f ,kansas ) small bun*es ( v small sweet b]ries4 ,v9e vigor\s4 ,kay ,se$l+4 7,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,h]bemont f ,k5tucky4 ,kell]4 ,dr4 ,kell]4 ,not$ 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly 9 #ahfc4 ,kell] ,:ite4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,not$ by ,mitzky 9 #ahic z a se$l+ ( ,catawba inf]ior to ! p>5t4 ,kellog4 7,lab47 ,a wild ,labrusca f ,new ,canaan1 ,connecticut1 & describ$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj z hav+ l>ge1 purple1 foxy fruit ( oblate =m4 ,kemp4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,po/-oak cross$ ) ,h]bemont2 f ,munson 9 #ahhe4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 d>k r$2 rip5s v late4 ,k5dall4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,isabella2 f ,brooklyn1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahfe4 ,resembles ,isabella v closely b l>g] 9 bun* & b]ry4 ,k55a4 7,l9c4 ,rup47 ,a cross betwe5 ,munson ( ,am]ica & a ,po/-oak hybrid1 ab\t #ahih4 ,v vigor\s2 canes smoo?1 mu* bran*$2 leaves r small1 deeply f\r- to sev5-lob$2 clu/] above m$ium2 b]ries small1 purple1 r\nd1 p]si/5t2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 fle% t5d]1 juicy2 good2 se$s small2 rip5s j be=e ,h]bemont4 ,k5rick's ,native4 7,lab47 ,not$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj z a wild ,labrusca f\nd ne> ,newton1 ,massa*usetts4 ,fruit light gre51 oval4 ,k5tucky4 7,ae/4 ,lab47 ,a suppos$ se$l+ ( ,norton2 f\nd by ,james ,*ild]s ( ,auburn1 ,k5tucky1 9 #ahhg4 ,v vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y & productive2 canes r sl5d]2 t5drils cont9u\s2 leaves l>ge2 fl[]s self-/]ile2 clu/]s l>ge1 %\ld]$1 tap]+2 b]ries small1 oblate1 purpli%-black1 p]si/5t2 mod]ately juicy1 t\gh1 mild1 some:at insipid1 h>dly fair 9 quality2 se$s num]\s1 m$ium size to above2 raphe a cord2 rip5s late4 ,k5tucky ,w9e4 ,m5tion$ by ,pr9ce 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahfc4 ,ket*um4 ,receiv$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ab\t #ahfj f an unkn[n s\rce4 ,fruit describ$ z black1 sweet1 pulpy1 ( m$ium size4 ,key/one4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,john ,kready1 ,m\nt ,joy1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,resembles ,concord v closely b consid]$ by "s z ( bett] quality & z a bett] keep]4 ,kiami*i4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,p>5ts1 ,delago cross$ ) ,brilliant2 f ,munson1 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 purple2 rip5s mid-season4 ,kilv+ton4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,b\ght by a ,mr4 ,cassady ( ,philadelphia = an ,isabella1 9 #ahdg4 ,grant consid]s x a se$l+ ( ,catawba :i* x resembles 9 e respect except t ! b]ries are small]1 r\nd] & ( a dull] r$4 ,k+ ,philip4 7,v94 ,lab4 ,rip47 ,a second g5]ation ,v9if]a-,labrusca-,rip>ia hybrid2 produc$ by ,n4 ,b4 ,:ite ( ,norwood1 ,massa*usetts1 ab\t t5 ye>s ago4 ,v9e vigor\s1 resembl+ ,labrusca2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 r\ndi% or slightly oval1 purple2 fle% solid1 t5d]2 flavor v9\s1 sweet2 v good4 ,k+sess+4 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,( unkn[n orig91 m5tion$ 9 #ahff by ,husmann4 ,v9e t5d]1 subject to mildew & rot2 clu/] l>ge1 loose1 %\ld]$2 b]ries m$ium1 r\nd1 pale r$ ) lilac bloom2 fair quality4 ,k+ ,william4 ,"o ( ,m>9e's se$l+s1 n dissem9at$4 ,k9ney's ,se$l+s4 ,accord+ to ,mitzky1 ,i4 ,k9ney ( ,zanesville1 ,ohio1 has produc$ two se$l+s z foll[s3 ,k9ney ,no4 #a4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,v]g5nes4 ,bun* m$ium to l>ge1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd2 sk9 t\gh2 v f9e flavor2 good keep]2 rip5s e>ly4 ,k9ney ,no4 #b4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord4 ,bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ries small1 r\nd1 :ite1 transp>5t1 b few se$s1 v sweet1 )\t any disagreeable ta/e2 leaf simil> to ,concord2 heal?y2 good gr[]4 ,ki[a4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,jaeg] ,no4 #dc cross$ ) ,h]bemont2 f ,munson1 9 #ahih4 ,describ$ by him z foll[s3 ,gr[? v /rong & heal?y1 mu* bran*$1 leaves small to m$ium1 #e to #g lob$2 clu/] m$ium to l>ge1 ) long p$uncle2 b]ry small to m$ium1 ne>ly black1 r\nd2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sprightly1 agreeable quality2 rip5s j be=e ,h]bemont4 ,kit*54 7,rip47 ,a se$l+ ( ,frankl91 ab\t #ahfe4 ,clu/] m$ium2 b]ry m$ium to small1 r\nd1 black2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 fle% t5d]2 v late4 ,knob ,m\nta94 ,a v>iety m5tion$ 9 #ahfi by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture z "u trial4 ,kosomo4 7,lab4 ,l9c4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,delago cross$ ) ,beacon2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 purple2 rip5s mid-season4 ,kram] ,se$l+4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,j4 ,c4 ,kram]1 ( ,la ,cresc5t1 ,m9nesota4 ,v9e resembles ,concord b n ?rifty2 fruit resembles ,concord b is sweet & ) a spicy flavor4 ,krause4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,a second g5]ation ,h]bemont-,niag>a cross2 f ,munson1 9 #aijh4 ,munson says1 ,v9e vigor\s1 usually heal?y1 v prolific2 clu/]s l>ge1 h&some2 b]ries m$ium size1 pe>ly :ite1 f9e quality2 promis+ = ,s\?we/4 ,krug]4 7,l9c4 ,rup4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,p>5ts1 ,am]ica by ,r4 ,w4 ,munson2 f ,munson1 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] v l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s late4 ,labe4 ,an accid5tal se$l+ f ,lebanon1 ,p5nsylvania1 ab\t #ahej4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 bun* small1 %ort1 loose2 b]ry black2 fle% t5d]1 sweet4 ,lacon4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord f ,d4 ,h4 ,wi]1 ,lacon1 ,ill9ois1 ab\t #ahfb4 ,m$ium 9 vigor1 h>dy2 bun* small2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 ,concord flavor4 ,laconia4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,jos4 ,n4 ,sanborn1 ,laconia1 ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,receiv$ at ?is ,/ation 9 #aijc = te/+ b has n fruit$4 ,r weak gr[]2 self-/]ile4 ,la ,crissa4 7,b\rq4 ,lab47 ,sacrissa2 ,sac*>issa4 ,a ,delaw>e se$l+2 f ,j4 ,sack/$]1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky4 ,vigor\s2 b]ry small1 :ite2 good4 ,ladies4 7,lab47 ,m5tion$ by ,d[n+ 9 #ahde z a fox grape ) a /rong sc5t1 h>% flavor & ( no value = dess]t4 ,lady ,*>lotte4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e cross$ ) ,iona2 f ,c4 ,g4 ,pr+le ( ,v]mont1 #ahfi4 ,vigor\s2 bun* l>ge1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 light gre5 to gold52 juicy1 sweet2 good4 ,lady ,dunlap4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,dunlap8 ,f ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts1 ab\t #ahge4 ,bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 amb]2 v9\s2 good4 ,lady ,hel5e4 ,f ,fr$ ,ro5beck1 ,b]g51 ,new ,j]sey4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] l>ge1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 :ite2 good4 ,lady ,y\nglove4 7,lab4 ,rip47 ,a cross betwe5 ,miss\ri ,riesl+ & ,p]k9s2 f ,john ,sack/$]1 ,leav5wor?1 ,indiana4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 clu/] m$ium1 g5]ally %\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge1 oval1 light r$4 ,lake4 ,id54 ,exhibit$ by ,ni*olas ,longwor? 9 #aheb4 ,bun* & b]ry small1 black2 acid1 h>%2 e>ly4 ,la ,m>ie4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,willie2 f ,l4 ,c4 ,*i%olm4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 bun* l>ge1 %\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge1 v foxy1 color a%es ( roses4 ,la ,re9e4 7,l9c4 ,rup4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,am]ica by ,beacon2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 rip5s mid-season4 ,l>ge ,b]ry4 7,long47 ,a wild v9e ( ,vitis longii secur$ by ,munson f ,motley ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] small2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s e>ly4 ,l>ge ,leaf4 7,long47 ,l ! prec$+1 ?is is "o ( ,munson's v>ieties1 a wild =m ( ,vitis longii f ,motley ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,/am5s depress$2 clu/] small2 b]ry small1 black2 rip5s e>ly4 ,la ,salle4 7,rip4 ,l9c4 ,rot47 ,a ,scupp]nong cross$ ) a ,po/-oak hybrid2 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s & comp>atively h>dy2 /am5s depress$2 clu/] m$ium1 ovate1 %ort2 b]ries l>ge to v l>ge1 black ) :ite specks2 juicy2 bett] ?an ,scupp]nong4 ,laughl94 7,lab48 ,b\rq48 ,v9487 ,a *ance se$l+1 probably ( ,concord cross$ ) ,delaw>e2 f ,w4 ,r4 ,laughl91 ,college ,spr+s1 ,i[a4 ,h>dy2 clu/] l>ge1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ries m$ium1 :ite2 sk9 t5d]2 sweet1 v9\s1 high quality2 e>ly4 ,laura4 7,lab47 ,f ,h4 ,b4 ,lum1 ,s&usky1 ,ohio1 #ahfg4 ,h>dy1 productive2 b]ry l>ge1 pale r$2 sweet1 some:at foxy4 ,laura4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,ae/4 ,v947 ,lama2 ,wat]t[n4 ,a cross ( ,eumelan ) ,delaw>e2 f ,d4 ,s4 ,m>v91 ,wat]t[n1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahhj4 ,m$ium 9 vigor2 bun* small1 %\ld]$2 b]ry small1 d>k purple2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp t5d]1 juicy2 h>dly good4 ,laussel4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,ae/47 ,a se$l+ ( a ,po/-oak cross$ by ,gold ,co92 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 clu/] m$ium1 mod]ately compact2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 d>k purple or black2 sk9 ?92 pulp firm2 good4 ,lavega4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a hybrid se$l+2 f ,w4 ,h4 ,mills1 ,hamilton1 ,ont>io4 ,h>dy2 bun* m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 r$di%2 v9\s2 v good4 ,lawr5ce4 7,lab47 ,f\nd gr[+ wild by ,dr4 ,r4 ,b4 ,black1 ,fay1 ,p5nsylvania1 ab\t #ahhj4 ,v vigor\s2 clu/] l>ge1 conical1 compact2 b]ry m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 d>k purple to black2 sub-acid2 quality poor4 ,lawson4 7,lab47 ,f ,e4 ,w4 ,bull1 ,massa*usetts2 fir/ exhibit$ be=e ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahgd4 ,bun* l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 :ite4 ,lead]4 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,a *ance se$l+ ( unkn[n p>5tage2 f ! ,/orrs & ,h>rison ,company1 ,pa9esville1 ,ohio1 ab\t #ahic4 ,v>iable 9 vigor & productiv5ess2 fl[]s semi-f]tile2 t5drils cont9u\s2 clu/]s n uni=m1 m$ium to %ort1 %\ld]$2 b]ries m$ium1 r\ndi%1 light gre5 *ang+ to yell[i%2 sk9 ?91 t5d]2 fle% t5d]1 v9\s2 good to v good4 ,leav5wor?4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,burr ,no4 #dg4 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,francis ,god>d ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 ab\t #ahhh4 ,weak1 h>dy1 m$ium 9 productiv5ess2 t5drils cont9u\s2 fl[]s f]tile or ne>ly s2 clu/] small1 %ort1 mod]ately compact2 b]ries small1 slightly oval1 dull gre52 fle% t5d] & s(t2 fair 9 quality4 ,lehman4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,william ,lehman1 ,new ,lebanon1 ,p5nsylvania2 p>5tage1 ,bl& cross$ ) ,isabella4 ,bun* & b]ry l>ge1 ne>ly :ite2 late4 ,l5ori4 ,alvey's ,l5ori4 ,not$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report ( #ahfa4 ,leon4 7,v94 ,lab487 ,f ,william ,h4 ,m>9e4 ,bun* m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 oval1 pale r$4 ,letovey4 7,l9c4 ,lab48 ,v947 ,f ,munson4 ,v vigor\s2 %y be>]2 /am5s reflex$2 clu/] l>ge1 compact2 b]ry small1 r\nd1 deep purple to black2 pleasant flavor2 quality m$ium4 ,lewis4 ,not$ 9 ! ,ill9ois ,horticultural ,society ,report = #ahha z productive1 heal?y1 e>ly2 b]ry black2 fair quality4 ,lex+ton4 7,lab47 ,a ,concord se$l+2 f ,t4 ,b4 ,m9]1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,h>dy1 n productive2 bun* l>ge2 b]ry m$ium to l>ge1 black2 quality m$ium4 ,lida4 ,a *ance se$l+ f ,ludwig ,h5cke1 ,coll9sville1 ,ill9ois4 ,bun* & b]ry m$ium1 r$2 sweet1 n foxy2 mid-season4 ,lightfoot's ,se$l+s4 ,w4 ,h4 ,lightfoot1 ( ,spr+field1 ,ill9ois1 has rais$ a l>ge numb] ( se$l+s f /&>d v>ieties1 su* z ,concord1 ,nor!rn ,muscad9e1 ,goe! & o!rs4 ,( 8 nam$ se$l+s !re are ,alice ,lee1 ,amy1 ,b5jam91 ,capital1 ,lightfoot1 ,miriam1 ,sangamon & ,spr+field4 ,lightfoot4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,niag>a2 f ,w4 ,h4 ,lightfoot1 ,spr+field1 ,ill9ois4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y2 /am5s upright2 leaves ?ree- to five-lob$2 clu/] m$ium1 %\ld]$1 loose2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 light gre5 to yell[i%2 fle% melt+1 juicy1 sweet2 good2 keeps well2 rip5s aft] ,concord4 ,lightfoot ,se$l+ ,no4 #cd4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,lady ,wa%+ton2 f ,w4 ,h4 ,lightfoot1 ,spr+field1 ,ill9ois4 ,vigor\s & heal?y2 bun* l>ge1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 black2 juicy & sweet4 ,lim+ton ,:ite4 7,lab47 ,describ$ by ,cole 9 #ahdi4 ,h>dy2 bun* & b]ry l>ge2 good4 ,l9ceola4 7,l9c4 ,rip4 ,lab47 ,a cross betwe5 a ,l9cecumii & ,elvira cr$it$ to ,munson b n catalog$ by him4 ,vigor\s1 %y be>]4 ,l9coln4 ,h>t2 ,mc,lean4 ,a s\!rn grape f\nd gr[+ 9 ! ,catawba ,riv] 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 by ,dr4 ,wm4 ,mc,lean1 ab\t #ahjj4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 e>ly2 b]ry small1 r\nd2 sk9 ?91 d>k purple ) light bloom2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 ri*1 v9\s4 ,resembles ,dev]eaux1 & by "s consid]$ id5tical4 ,l9coln4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,l9coln ,c\nty2 ,read's ,hybrid4 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord cross$ ) ,black ,hamburg2 f ,wm4 ,h4 ,read1 ,port ,dalh\sie1 ,ont>io4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 clu/] bel[ m$ium1 compact1 cyl9drical1 %\ld]$2 b]ry bel[ m$ium1 r\nd1 black2 sk9 ?ick1 t\gh2 pulp firm b break+1 sweet1 sprightly1 slightly foxy2 good2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,l9coln ,d[n]4 7,lab47 ,li/$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,reports ( #ahei-fa z be+ "u te/4 ,vigor\s4 ,l9crup4 7,l9c4 ,rup47 ,f ,texas4 ,vigor\s2 productive2 /am5s reflex$2 bun* l>ge1 m$ium 9 compactness2 b]ry small1 black2 m$ium 9 quality4 ,l9cy4 7,l9c47 ,f ,texas4 ,vigor\s2 /am5s upright2 clu/] l>ge1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 quality m$ium4 ,l9dell4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,l9dley cross$ ) ,delaw>e2 f ,t4 ,v4 ,munson4 ,l9d54 7,lab47 ,a ,concord se$l+2 f ,t4 ,b4 ,m9]1 ,l9d51 ,new ,j]sey4 ,h>dy2 bun* & b]ry l>ge1 black1 firm4 ,l9h]be4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,l9dley cross$ ) ,h]bemont2 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] m$ium1 conical2 b]ry small1 r$1 transluc5t2 flavor sweet2 quality m$ium4 ,l9dm>4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,l9dley cross$ ) ,m>?a2 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess2 t5drils cont9u\s2 fl[]s p>tly f]tile2 /am5s upright2 clu/] small1 compact2 b]ries small1 oval1 dull1 pale gre51 ?9 gray bloom2 fle% pale gre51 slightly v9\s1 foxy2 good4 ,l9elvi4 7,rip4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,munson ,no4 #de4 ,f ,munson2 p>5tage giv5 z ,l9dley by ,humboldt1 or ,l9dley by ,elvira4 ,s lack+ 9 vigor z to be unpromis+4 ,l9ley4 7,lab4 ,rip4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,p>5tage1 ,rommel cross$ ) ,delaw>e2 f ,munson 9 #ahig4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 yell[2 rip5s e>ly4 ,l9n4 7,lab47 ,f ,p4 ,b4 ,cr&all1 ,i?aca1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahij4 ,vigor\s2 t5drils cont9u\s2 clu/] m$ium1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 yell[i%-gre5 ) r$di% dots2 pulp fibr\s1 foxy & acid2 good4 ,l9n ,que54 7,lab47 ,vigor\s2 clu/] m$ium1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 black1 poor2 /am5s upright4 ,little ,blue4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,ae/47 ,f ,a4 ,j4 ,caywood1 ,m>lboro1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahhh4 ,vigor\s1 m$ium 9 productiv5ess2 t5drils int]mitt5t to r>ely cont9u\s2 diaphragm ?ick2 fl[]s p>tly f]tile2 /am5s upright2 clu/] m$ium1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 oblong1 black2 pulp juicy1 sweet1 good2 rip5s aft] ,concord4 ,little ,giant4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,not$ z "u te/ 9 ! v9ey>ds ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture f #ahfc to #ahff4 ,resembles ,isabella v closely4 ,little ,oz>k4 ,h>dy2 bun* long1 loose2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 juicy2 good4 ,liv+/on4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,john ,c4 ,:eaton1 ,dansville1 ,liv+/on ,c\nty1 ,new ,york2 believ$ to be a se$l+ ( ,wild] or ,am9ia4 ,vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 productive2 t5drils cont9u\s2 leaves l>ge1 dull gre52 fl[]s ne>ly self-f]tile2 /am5s upright2 clu/] l>ge1 long1 frequ5tly loosely s+le-%\ld]$1 v compact2 b]ries m$ium1 r\ndi%1 black ) blue bloom1 p]si/5t2 sk9 ?91 t5d]2 fle% t5d]1 fa9tly spicy2 good2 *>act]s ( v9e & fruit indicate ,labrusca & ,v9if]a4 ,lizzie4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ f ,e4 ,w4 ,bull1 exhibit$ by him be=e ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahgd4 ,bun* & b]ry l>ge1 :ite4 ,lobata4 7,l9c4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,munson cross$ ) ,pr(usion2 f ,munson 9 #ahig4 ,/am5s depress$2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s late4 ,logan4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,david ,hall ,grape2 ,purple ,urbana2 ,urbana4 ,a se$l+ ( unkn[n p>5tage1 br\ght to notice by ,dr4 ,?ompson2 suppos$ to h come f ,logan ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,m$ium 9 vigor1 usually h>dy2 clu/] m$ium1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 oval1 d>k purple to black2 sweet1 juicy2 good4 ,logan4 ,alvey's ,logan4 ,m5tion$ by ,dr4 ,g4 ,p4 ,morris1 ,wilm+ton1 ,delaw>e1 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report1 #ahfa1 z a h>dy grape4 ,long4 7,b\rq47 ,madison ,c\nty4 ,f\nd by ,col4 ,james ,long on 8 plantation ne> ,danielsville1 ,madison ,c\nty1 ,georgia1 ab\t #ahbg4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] m$ium to l>ge1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ries small1 d>k purple ) ?9 bloom2 pulp t5d]1 sweet1 v9\s2 good2 rip5s late4 ,consid]$ by "s synonym\s ) ,cunn+ham4 ,long ,john4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,p>5ts1 ,big ,b]ry cross$ ) ,triumph2 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s1 n h>dy "h2 clu/] l>ge1 long1 cyl9drical to tap]+1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 r\ndi%1 black2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 texture t\gh & co>se2 flavor t>t1 slightly acid at c5t]2 good2 rip5s v late4 ,longwor?4 7,b\rq47 ,longwor? ,no4 #bj4 ,f\nd 9 ! g>d5 ( ,ni*olas ,longwor?1 ,c9c9nati1 ,ohio1 ab\t #ahfg4 ,heal?y1 vigor\s1 productive2 clu/]s l>ge1 %\ld]$2 b]ry small1 r\nd1 black1 juicy1 refre%+2 ( ! ,h]bemont type b rip5s e>li]4 ,longwor?4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,jaeg] ,no4 #ej4 ,a se$l+ ( ,jaeg] ,no4 #dc cross$ ) ,h]bemont2 f ,h]mann ,jaeg]1 ,neo%o1 ,miss\ri1 ab\t #ahhj4 ,susceptible to mildew2 bun*es l>ge2 b]ries m$ium1 blue-black2 good2 v late4 ,longwor? ,mon/]4 ,f ,ohio4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y1 productive2 bun* m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 blue4 ,loomis' ,honey4 7,lab47 ,exhibit$ 9 #ahfc by ,pet] ,raabe ( ,philadelphia1 9 ,new ,york at ! ,new ,york ,fruit ,gr[]s' meet+4 ,h>dy2 clu/]s l>ge2 b]ries l>ge1 black2 sweet4 ,looney ,se$l+4 7,lab47 ,f ,c4 ,s4 ,looney1 ,c[an1 ,t5nessee1 ab\t #aijb4 ,clu/] small1 %\ld]$1 blunt at end1 loose2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 ?ick blue bloom ov] black2 sk9 ?91 t5d]2 sweet1 slightly foxy2 good2 rip5s e>ly4 ,resembles ,concord4 ,lora94 ,f ,lora91 ,ohio1 ab\t #ahfe4 ,clu/] m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 amb]-yell[2 sweet2 good4 ,loretto4 7,lab47 ,que5 ,loretto4 ,f ,t5nessee4 ,b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 :ite2 good2 mid-season4 ,l\don ,se$l+4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e & ,diana2 f ,f4 ,w4 ,l\don1 ,janesville1 ,wiscons94 ,resembles ,diana 9 bun*1 b]ry & flavor4 ,l\isa4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,gr[n by ,samuel ,mill]1 ,calmdale1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 clu/] compact1 occasionally %\ld]$2 b]ry r\nd1 oval1 black ) blue bloom2 flavor resembles ,isabella2 rip5s e>ly4 ,l\ise4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,giv5 by ,mitzky z a se$l+ f ,new ,j]sey4 ,vigor\s2 bun* l>ge1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 :ite2 juicy1 sweet2 v good4 ,l\isville4 ,not$ 9 a li/ ( suppos$ h>dy grapes 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report = #ahfc4 ,l[ell ,globe4 ,not$ 9 a li/ ( wor?less v>ieties 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly 9 #ahfc4 ,lucky4 7,l9c47 ,an undescrib$ v>iety us$ by ,munson z a p>5t 9 a numb] ( crosses4 ,lucy ,w9ton4 ,not$ 9 ! ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahfa z be+ equal 9 quality to ,isabella & f\r weeks e>li]4 ,lud]s4 7,rip47 ,a wild male v9e ( ,vitis rip>ia secur$ f ne> ,madison1 ,wiscons91 by ,munson4 ,luffbor\gh4 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,f\nd ne> ,georget[n1 ,di/rict ( ,columbia1 be=e #ahbh4 ,b]ries l>ge1 deep purple2 juice sweet1 foxy4 ,recomm5d$ by ,john ,adlum = w9e & cit$ 9 a li/ ( wor?less v>ieties 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly1 #ahfc4 ,lugawana4 ,not$ 9 ! ,ont>io ,fruit ,gr[]s' ,association ,report = #ahhg 9 a li/ ( v>ieties rip5+ late4 ,lukfata4 7,*amp4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,moore ,e>ly cross$ ) ,vitis *amp9i2 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 clu/] m$ium1 ovate1 compact2 b]ries globul>1 l>ge1 black1 p]si/5t2 juicy1 v sweet & agreeable2 good2 e>ly2 /am5s reflex$4 ,luckyne4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,p>5ts1 ,lucky cross$ ) ,sweety2 f ,munson 9 #ahig4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s late4 ,lulie4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,telegraph cross$ ) ,black ,hamburg2 f ,c4 ,j4 ,copley1 ,/apleton1 ,new ,york4 ,h>dy1 heal?y & productive2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry v l>ge1 black ) a f9e bloom2 good4 ,aw>d$ a m$al at ! ,_w's ,fair1 ,*icago1 #ahic4 ,luna4 7,lab47 ,f ,william ,m4 ,m>9e4 ,a l>ge1 h>dy1 :ite grape4 ,lycom+4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f a ,mr4 ,ev5d51 ,williamsport1 ,lycom+ ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 ab\t #ahfj4 ,h>dy2 canes %ort-jo9t$2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 oval1 light r$4 ,lydia4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a *ance se$l+ f ,*>les ,c>p5t]1 ,kelleys ,isl&1 ,ohio4 ,clu/] %ort1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 oval1 gre5i%-:ite2 sk9 ?ick2 pulp t5d]1 sweet1 slightly v9\s2 good2 rip5s ) ,delaw>e4 ,lyman4 7,rip47 ,a nor!rn v>iety said to h be5 br\ght f ,quebec m ?an fifty ye>s ago4 ,h>dy2 productive1 vigor\s2 clu/] l>ge1 h&some1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 black ) ?ick bloom2 juicy2 good4 ,lyon4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,*ide/] ,no4 #a2 ,pres4 ,lyon4 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord cross$ ) ,delaw>e2 f ,c4 ,p4 ,*ide/]1 ,battle ,creek1 ,mi*igan1 nam$ 9 honor ( ,t4 ,t4 ,lyon ( ,mi*igan ab\t #ahij4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 clu/] m$ium to l>ge1 cyl9drical1 %\ld]$1 m$ium compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 :ite1 :iti% bloom2 pulp t5d]1 sweet1 ri*1 v9\s2 v good4 ,mabel4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,orig9at$ by ,a4 ,j4 ,caywood ( ,m>lboro1 ,new ,york1 f se$ ( ,walt]4 ,mod]ately vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 incl9$ to mildew1 productive2 canes m$ium size ) ?9 blue bloom2 t5drils int]mitt5t2 leaves m$ium size1 ?91 slightly pubesc5t2 fl[]s f]tile2 clu/]s l>ge1 usually %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 black2 sk9 ?91 r t\gh1 incl9$ to crack1 purpli% pigm5t2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 v9\s2 good2 rip5s be=e ,concord b n a good keep]4 ,mc,donald's ,ann ,arbor4 7,lab47 ,not$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society ,report = #ahha4 ,b]ry v l>ge1 black ) blue bloom2 quality ( ,concord2 rip5s ) ,word54 ,mac$onia4 7,lab47 ,mill]'s ,no4 #c4 ,an e>ly :ite se$l+ ( ,concord2 rais$ by ,samuel ,mill] ( ,calmdale1 ,p5nsylvania1 ov] fifty ye>s ago4 ,said to resemble ,m>?a b n s vigor\s4 ,mc,kinley4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,orig9at$ by ,frank ,l4 ,"y1 ,lockport1 ,new ,york1 f se$ ( ,niag>a poll9at$ by ,moore ,e>ly1 plant$ 9 #ahia4 ,n vigor\s1 usually h>dy1 mod]ately productive2 t5drils cont9u\s2 leaves ( m$ium size2 clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 oval1 light gre52 sk9 t5d]2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sweet2 good2 resembles ,niag>a b ab\t t5 days e>li]4 ,mc,neil4 7,lab48 ,rip487 ,a v>iety resembl+ ,cl9ton1 cultivat$ 9 ! ,*ampla9 region f fifty to sev5ty-five ye>s ago4 ,madeira4 ,! "n ,madeira is common 9 ! e>ly grape lit]ature ( ! c\ntry4 ,its use 0 begun at ! "t :5 _m ( ! cultivat$ sorts 7 suppos$ to be ( =eign orig94 ,! significance ( ! ^w :5 f\nd unqualifi$ dep5ds some:at on ! "t & place4 ,?us1 9 ! ,s\?1 ,madeira usually means ,h]bemont's ,madeira2 9 ,ohio1 ,ives ,madeira & 9 ,p5nsylvania1 ,york ,madeira4 ,madel9e4 7,lab47 ,giv5 by ,mitzky1 9 #ahic1 z a *ance se$l+ gr[n by ,g4 ,h5d]son1 ,eddyville1 ,new ,york4 ,bun* m$ium to l>ge1 compact1 (t5 %\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 gre5i%-:ite ) a :ite bloom2 sk9 m$ium ?9 b t\gh1 transluc5t2 sweet1 juicy1 ) a pleasant flavor2 rip5s e>ly4 ,magee4 ,giv5 by ,mitzky z ! "n ( ! v>iety describ$ 9 ?is "w z ,gl5feld4 ,magnific5t4 7,lab48 ,v9487 ,f ,a4 ,f4 ,rice1 ,griswoldville1 ,georgia1 ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s ago4 ,clu/] l>ge1 broad1 %\ld]$1 loose2 b]ries l>ge2 sk9 ?91 t5d]2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sweet2 v good4 ,maguire4 7,lab47 ,?is v>iety 0 kn[n ab\t fifty ye>s ago z a v e>ly black sweet grape ( fair quality :i* orig9at$ at ,lans+burg1 ,new ,york4 ,simil> to ,h>t=d b m foxy4 ,mahogany ,color$4 7,lab47 ,mahogany4 ,a wild ,labrusca introduc$ ov] fifty ye>s ago by ,g4 ,w4 ,cl>k1 ( ,mald51 ,massa*usetts4 ,fruit ( ! ,labrusca type2 mahogany-r$4 ,ma94 7,lab47 ,m5tion$ 9 ! horticultural p]iodicals ( fifty ye>s ago z a v>iety v simil> to ,concord & ?\ght by _m to be ! same2 f a ,mr4 ,ma91 ( ,concord1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 ab\t #ahed4 ,said to be ab\t t5 days e>li] ?an ,concord4 ,mal9da4 ,an e>ly :ite v>iety m5tion$ 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly 9 #ahfi4 ,malv94 ,"o ( ,m>9e's se$l+s1 describ$ z black1 ( good quality & ) clu/] & b]ry ( m$ium size4 ,manhattan4 ,an amb]-gre5 se$l+ ( ,isabella :i* orig9at$ on ,long ,isl& ab\t #ahej4 ,unproductive2 clu/] small1 compact2 b]ry m$ium2 fle% t\gh1 foxy2 good2 rip5s late2 %att]s4 ,manockanock4 ,li/$ by ,pr9ce 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly 9 #ahfc z wor?less4 ,mansfield4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord f]tiliz$ by ,iona2 rais$ 9 #ahfi by ,c4 ,g4 ,pr+le ( ,*>lotte1 ,v]mont4 ,v vigor\s2 leaves l>ge1 ?ick1 v pubesc5t bel[2 clu/] l>ge1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 slightly oval1 black2 fle% t5d]2 v good2 rip5s be=e ,concord4 ,manson4 ,a cross betwe5 ,r4 ,w4 ,munson & ,gold ,co92 produc$ by ,munson 9 #ahii & introduc$ 9 #aijf4 ,munson says3 ,vigor\s & productive2 clu/]s l>ge2 b]ry above m$ium1 ( yell[ color2 sk9 ?9 & t\gh2 pulp t5d]2 quality excell5t2 rip5s late1 ) ,triumph4 ,m>gu]ite4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a ,labrusca-,v9if]a v>iety2 f ,!ophile ,hub]1 ,ill9ois ,city1 ,ill9ois4 ,vigor\s1 n productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/] small1 loose2 b]ries m$ium1 light amb]2 t5d]1 sweet1 v9\s2 good2 rip5s a week aft] ,concord4 ,m>gu]ite4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,orig9at$ by ,munson2 f ,po/-oak ,no4 #b f]tiliz$ by ,h]bemont4 ,v vigor\s1 v productive2 %oots sp9y1 n d[ny2 leaves m$ium to l>ge1 ?ree- to five-lob$2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s m$ium1 cyl9drical1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 d>k purple2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 fle% t5d]2 good2 rip5s t5 days lat] ?an ,catawba4 ,m>9e's ,se$l+s4 ,a numb] ( v>ieties 7 produc$ by ,wm4 ,m4 ,m>9e ab\t #ahgj4 ,!y 7 all crosses ( native sorts produc$ by putt+ ! poll5 9 wat] & !n apply+ ! wat] to ! /igma ( ! sort to be f]tiliz$4 ,( ! v>ieties ?us produc$ are ,n]luton1 ,gre5ca/le1 ,leon1 ,lucas1 ,mianna1 ,malv91 ,olympia1 ,k+ ,william1 ,m9nie1 ,h>riet ,bee*]1 ,u4 ,b41 ,uncle ,tom1 ,r$ ,jacket1 & _m o!rs4 ,m>iole4 ,joe's ,m>iole4 ,m5tion$ by ,r4 ,o4 ,?ompson1 ( ,nurs]y ,hill1 ,nebraska1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report = #ahff4 ,m>ique4 ,w>d]1 9 #ahfg1 says1 ,ohio4 ,heal?y1 vigor\s1 v productive2 bun* full m$ium1 compact2 b]ry oval1 l>ge1 blue2 spicy2 v good4 ,m>k]4 ,li/$ by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,exp]im5tal ,g>d5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 ! report = #ahfc4 ,m>sala4 7,lab47 ,a d>k r$ grape introduc$ ab\t ?irty ye>s ago by ,dr4 ,/ayman4 ,clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge2 foxy1 some:at solid1 t\gh2 good2 v resi/ant to rot4 ,m>v9's ,se$l+s4 ,d4 ,s4 ,m>v91 ,wat]t[n1 ,new ,york1 grew _m crosses ( ,am]ican v>ieties1 few if any hav+ be5 made by him ) ,v9if]a4 ,8 be/ kn[n grapes are ,cayuga1 ,c5t5nial1 ,hopican1 ,rutl& & ,%elby4 ,besides ^! he produc$ o!rs1 _m ( :i* 7 nev] nam$ nor dissem9at$4 ,"o ( ^! :i* 0 receiv$ at ?is ,/ation 9 #ahib 0 describ$ 9 ! ,?irte5? ,annual ,report "u ! "n ,m>v9's ,se$l+4 ,clu/]s m$ium1 compact2 b]ry small1 pale gre5 or yell[2 fle% firm1 sweet1 v9\s2 good2 season la/ ( ,septemb]4 ,m>v9a4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq4 ,ae/47 ,a se$l+ ( ,laura by ,brilliant2 f ,munson 9 #ahig4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 :ite2 rip5s e>ly4 ,m>y4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a *ance se$l+ ( ,catawba f\nd 9 #ahdi 9 ! g>d5 ( ,datus ,kelley1 ,kelleys ,isl&1 ,ohio4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 leaf m$ium1 light-color$1 d[ny b5ea?2 clu/] l>ge1 loose2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 gre5i%-:ite1 gray bloom1 transluc5t2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 sprightly2 v good2 rip5s ) ,catawba2 mildews badly4 ,m>y4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,catawba introduc$ by a ,mr4 ,hasselkus1 ( ,griff91 ,georgia1 ab\t #ahhe4 ,resembles ,l9dley v closely b is said to be m vigor\s ) l>g] & r\nd] b]ries ( a light] r$ & %ort]1 m compact clu/]s2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,m>y ,ann4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,muscad9e4 ,orig9at$ by ,j4 ,b4 ,g>b]1 ,columbia1 ,p5nsylvania1 ab\t #ahej4 ,vigor\s & productive2 clu/] m$ium1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 oval1 black1 foxy1 poor2 resembles ,isabella2 rip5s ) ,h>t=d4 ,m>y ,favorite4 ,f ,j4 ,t4 ,c(f91 ( ,we/l&1 ,hancock ,c\nty1 ,indiana1 9 #ahhi2 a *ance se$l+ f\nd gr[+ ne> a trellis on :i* ,delaw>e & "o ( ,rog]s' hybrids 7 gr[+4 ,vigor\s1 usually h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess2 canes long2 t5drils cont9u\s2 leaves l>ge1 l[] surface grayi%-:ite1 pubesc5t2 fl[]s f]tile1 op5 e>ly2 clu/]s m$ium to small1 usually %\ld]$1 v compact2 b]ries small1 r\ndi%1 purpli%-black1 p]si/5t2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 fle% t\gh1 slightly v9\s1 sweet1 t>t at c5t]2 good to be/4 ,m>y ,m>k4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e2 f ,dr4 ,/ayman4 ,lacks vigor1 h>dy1 app>5tly heal?y1 productive2 b]ry m$ium1 r$2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 v9\s1 sweet2 v good2 rip5s ) its p>5t :i* x closely resembles4 ,m>y ,wylie4 7,v94 ,rip4 ,lab47 ,a hybrid ( ,cl9ton & ,r$ ,frontignan2 f ,dr4 ,a4 ,p4 ,wylie1 ,*e/]1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,clu/] l>ge1 loose2 b]ry above m$ium1 yell[i%-gre52 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 v9\s1 delicate2 v good2 rip5s late4 ,m>yl& ,purple4 ,m5tion$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj z a se$l+ f ! woods ( ,m>yl&4 ,b]ries m$ium1 purple1 sweet & juicy2 rip5s v late4 ,mason4 ,a *ance se$l+ ( #ahha2 f ,mrs4 ,e4 ,mason1 ,lamont1 ,ottawa ,c\nty1 ,mi*igan4 ,vigor\s2 clu/]s m$ium1 sometimes %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 r$di%-amb]2 fle% t5d]1 sweet1 v9\s1 sprightly1 slightly foxy2 good2 rip5s j be=e ,word54 ,mason4 7,lab47 ,mason's ,se$l+4 ,a :ite ,concord se$l+ rais$ by ,b4 ,mason1 ( ,masc\tah1 ,ill9ois1 ab\t ?irty ye>s ago4 ,mod]ately vigor\s1 unproductive2 clu/] small1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 light yell[i%-gre52 sk9 ?92 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 sprightly1 slightly foxy2 rip5s a few days be=e ,concord2 v p]si/5t2 self-f]tile4 ,mason ,r5t+4 7,lab47 ,describ$ 9 ,bullet9 #aj1 #ahij1 ,alabama ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 clu/]s small1 compact2 b]ries small1 gre5i%-yell[2 good2 rip5s ) ,catawba4 ,massa*usetts ,:ite4 7,lab47 ,a r$ foxy ,labrusca1 app>5tly a wild grape s5t out by ,b4 ,m4 ,watson1 ( ,plym\?1 ,massa*usetts1 ab\t #ahfj4 ,utt]ly wor?less & "n a misnom]4 ,mat*less4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq487 ,orig9at$ by ,john ,burr1 ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 ab\t #ahhg1 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 black ) heavy bloom2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 fle% t5d]1 sprightly1 v9\s2 v good2 rip5s ) ,brighton & hangs well = "s "t4 ,ma?ilde4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,orig9at$ by ,g4 ,a4 ,ens5b]g]1 ,bloom+ton1 ,ill9ois1 f se$ ( ,delaw>e4 ,vigor\s1 productive1 n q h>dy2 clu/] l>ge1 v compact2 b]ry small to l>ge1 r\nd1 d>k r$ ) lilac bloom2 small ones se$less2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 v9\s2 good2 v late4 ,mau/on4 7,rip47 ,a wild v9e ( ,vitis rip>ia secur$ by ,munson f ne> ,mau/on1 ,wiscons94 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] small2 b]ry small1 black2 rip5s e>ly4 ,may ,r$4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,report ( ! ,ont>io ,fruit ,gr[]s' ,association = #ahhg z rip5+ ) ,janesville4 ,mead ,se$l+4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f\nd 9 #ahdg 9 ! g>d5 ( ,john ,mead1 ,l[ell1 ,massa*usetts4 ,a suppos$ se$l+ ( ,catawba :i* x /rongly resembles b d>k] & ) r\nd b]ries4 ,meanko4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,p>5tage1 ,delago cross$ ) ,brilliant1 f ,munson1 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 r$2 rip5s mid-season4 ,m$ora4 7,b\rq4 ,v948 ,lab487 ,a se$l+ ( ,l5oir1 probably poll9at$ by ,croton2 rais$ by ,dr4 ,?os4 ,r4 ,cooke1 ,victoria1 ,texas4 ,mod]ately vigor\s2 leaf resembles ,l5oir2 clu/]s l>ge2 b]ries pale gre51 m$ium1 r\nd1 v transluc5t2 sprightly1 v9\s2 good4 ,melasko4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,delago by ,gov]nor ,irel&2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 rip5s mid-season4 ,memory4 7,rot47 ,vigor\s1 v productive1 t5d]2 clu/] small1 conta9+ f\r to twelve l>ge1 r\nd1 br[ni%-black b]ries2 sk9 ?ick2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 sweet2 good to be/2 rip5s e>ly = a ,rotundifolia4 ,m5dota4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,orig9at$ ab\t #ahhc by ,john ,burr1 ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 f mix$ se$4 ,n vigor\s nor productive2 leaves r\nd1 pale gre52 /am5s upright2 clu/] small1 v compact2 b]ry above m$ium1 r\nd1 black2 sk9 t5d]2 fle% t5d]1 melt+1 sprightly1 sweet2 good2 rip5s j be=e ,brighton4 ,m5o4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,m5tion$ 9 ,bullet9 #aj1 #ahij1 ,alabama ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,clu/]s small & compact2 b]ries m$ium size1 amb]2 good2 rip5s ) ,catawba2 rots & mildews4 ,m]c]on4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a some:at rec5t se$l+ ( ,catawba & s simil> z to be difficult to di/+ui% f x4 ,m]c]on4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,f4 ,e4 ,m]c]on1 ,catawissa1 ,p5nsylvania1 ab\t #ahic2 said to be a cross ( ,wild] & ,concord4 ,clu/] l>ge1 heavily %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 black2 sweet1 sprightly2 v late4 ,m]icadel4 7,l9c4 ,rup4 ,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,am]ica cross$ ) ,delaw>e2 f ,munson1 9 #ahih4 ,v vigor\s1 v productive2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 purple1 v p]si/5t2 sk9 ?9 & t\gh2 fle% t5d]1 sweet2 v good2 rip5s j aft] ,concord4 ,meta4 ,accord+ to ,mitzky1 a se$l+ ( ,jewel produc$ by ,mr4 ,l4 ,h5cke1 ( ,ill9ois4 ,bun* l>ge1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge1 r$2 sweet & juicy2 good2 rip5s be=e ,concord4 ,metis4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,salem2 f ,c4 ,engle1 ( ,paw ,paw1 ,mi*igan4 ,clu/] small1 n compact1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge1 d>k r$1 gray bloom2 sk9 ?ick2 fle% r t\gh1 juicy1 v9\s2 good4 ,mett]ni*4 7,rip4 ,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,mett]ny4 ,a se$l+ ( ,cl9ton f]tiliz$ by ,p\ghkeepsie2 f ,a4 ,j4 ,caywood1 ,m>lboro1 ,new ,york4 ,mod]ately vigor\s2 clu/] m$ium1 long1 cyl9drical1 sometimes %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry small1 r\ndi% or slightly oval2 sk9 ?91 t\gh1 light gre5 to m$ium d>k r$2 fle% t5d]1 n v sweet1 f9e flavor2 good2 rip5s late4 ,mianna or ,mi5na4 ,"o ( ,m>9e's se$l+s :i* "s call a :ite grape & o!rs black4 ,mi*igan4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,salem f ,c4 ,engle1 ,paw ,paw1 ,mi*igan4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy & productive2 clu/] l>ge1 compact1 usually %\ld]$2 b]ry above m$ium1 light gre52 good2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,!re 0 ano!r sort nam$ ,mi*igan or ,mi*igan ,se$l+ ab\t fifty ye>s ago :i* 0 said to resemble ,catawba b ab\t two weeks e>li]4 ,middlesex4 7,lab47 ,"o ( ,e4 ,w4 ,bull's se$l+s4 ,app>5tly nev] dissem9at$4 ,mil&4 ,describ$ 9 ,alabama ,/ation ,bullet9 ,no4 #bi1 #ahia1 z a vigor\s1 n v heal?y v9e ) m$ium-siz$ amb] b]ries4 ,miles4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,matlock4 ,f ,we/ ,go%5 ,t[n%ip1 ,*e/] ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 ov] sixty ye>s ago4 ,vigor\s1 productive1 v e>ly b does n keep2 bett] ?an ,h>t=d4 ,mill>det4 7,b]l&47 ,f ,llano ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,mod]ately vigor\s1 productive2 /am5s reflex$2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry small1 black2 good2 rip5s late4 ,mill]4 7,cord4 ,v947 ,m5tion$ by ,john ,craig 9 ! ,canadian ,horticulturi/ z a new grape1 a v happy comb9ation ( ! ,european ,v4 v9if]a & ! ,am]ican ,v4 cordifolia4 ,x also keeps excell5tly4 ,mill]4 7,b\rq4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,h]bemont by ,m>?a2 f ,munson4 ,/am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 :ite2 rip5s late4 ,mill]'s ,se$l+s4 ,samuel ,mill]1 dur+ 8 e>ly life a resid5t ( ,calmdale1 ,p5nsylvania1 lat] ( ,bluffton1 ,miss\ri1 0 "o ( ! well kn[n grape-bre$]s ( ! la/ c5tury4 ,he />t$ ?is "w ab\t ! "t ( ! introduction ( ,concord & cont9u$ x until 8 dea? 9 #aija4 ,mill] 0 an advocate ( close bre$+ r ?an cross-bre$+ z a means ( improv+ fruit4 ,8 be/ kn[n grape productions are3 ,black ,hawk1 ,eva1 ,mac$onia1 ,m>?a & ,"y ,am]ica4 ,m>?a is ! be/ kn[n ( ^! & ?is has be5 sup]s$$4 ,at ! "t ( ,mill]'s dea? he 0 engag$ 9 improv+ ! native p]simmon4 ,mill+ton4 7,lab47 ,te/$ by ! ,mi*igan ,exp]im5t ,/ation & report$ 9 #ahii z be+ fairly vigor\s1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess2 clu/]s l>ge1 r\ndi%1 mod]ately compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 black ) blue bloom2 fle% t5d]1 v light gre51 sprightly1 sweet1 v9\s1 ) a p]ceptible aroma2 fair to good2 rip5s mid-season4 ,mill+ton ,:ite4 7,rip47 ,m5tion$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj z hav+ be5 f\nd gr[+ nor? ( ! ,miss\ri ,riv]1 9 ,miss\ri1 by ,dr4 ,mill+ton ( t /ate4 ,fruit ( good size1 v juicy1 r t>t1 ! sk9 is ?9 & ea* b]ry g5]ally conta9s ?ree se$s4 ,m9eola4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a cross betwe5 a se$l+ ( ,telegraph & ,*asselas ,musque2 f ,c4 ,j4 ,copley1 ,/apleton1 ,new ,york4 ,( m$ium vigor1 heal?y1 h>dy & productive2 bun*es m$ium1 cyl9drical1 compact1 seldom %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 r\ndi%1 :ite or pale yell[1 transp>5t1 no pulp2 v ri*1 pure1 ,muscat flavor2 rip5s v e>ly4 ,m9]'s ,se$l+s4 ,ab\t =ty ye>s ago1 ,t4 ,b4 ,m9]1 ( ,l9d51 ,union ,c\nty1 ,new ,j]sey1 rais$ #aejj se$l+s ( ,concord 9 c5tral ,new ,york4 ,9 #ahgi aft] ,m9]'s dea?1 twelve ( ^! se$l+s 7 nam$ & s5t out = te/+4 ,!y are ,adel9e1 ,anto9ette1 ,augu/a1 ,bel9da1 ,boadicea1 ,c>lotta1 ,eug5ia1 ,ida1 ,lex+ton1 ,l9d51 ,rock+ham & ,victoria4 ,none ( ^! is ( great value & !y are *iefly ( int]e/ z indicat+ :at may be expect$ f ,concord se$l+s4 ,m+o4 ,m5tion$ by ,samuel ,mill] 9 #ahie z be+ among ! new] v>ieties2 bun* & b]ry small1 black2 rip5s be=e any o!r2 makes a heavy d>k w9e4 ,m9nehaha4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,said to be a cross betwe5 ,muscat ( ,alex&ria & ,massasoit2 f ,m>%all ,p4 ,wild]4 ,vigor\s1 productive1 n h>dy2 bun* l>ge1 v long1 v>iable 9 compactness1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 v sweet1 v9\s1 ( ! mo/ delici\s quality4 ,said by "s to be ,croton4 ,m9nesota4 7,rip47 ,a wild v9e ( ,vitis rip>ia1 secur$ by ,munson f ne> ,c>v]1 ,m9nesota4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] small2 b]ry v small1 :ite2 rip5s v e>ly4 ,m9nesota ,mammo?4 7,lab47 ,introduc$ by ,l4 ,w4 ,/ratton1 ,excelsior1 ,m9nesota1 ab\t #ahgi4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy & productive2 bun* & b]ry l>ge1 d>k r$2 sk9 ?ick2 *>act]i/ic spicy flavor1 sweet2 poor4 ,m9nie4 ,f ,william ,m4 ,m>9e4 ,bun* small2 b]ry m$ium1 d>k r$2 sweet2 ne>ly equal to ,delaw>e4 ,miriam4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,lady ,wa%+ton2 f ,w4 ,h4 ,lightfoot1 ,spr+field1 ,ill9ois4 ,v vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y2 bun* l>ge1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 black1 juicy & sweet2 ( sup]ior quality2 rip5s two weeks lat] ?an ,concord4 ,mi%4 7,rot47 ,meis*4 ,orig9 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,v9e vigor\s1 v productive2 bun*es conta9 f six to fifte5 m$ium-siz$1 r$di%-black oval b]ries ) ?9 sk92 t5d] & sweet2 v good2 self-/]ile4 ,mission4 7,v94 ,gird487 ,el ,paso4 ,! exact orig9 ( ,mission is unkn[n b x is believ$ to h orig9at$ 9 ! remote ,missions ( nor!rn ,mexico at a "t :5 grape-gr[+ 0 =bidd5 by ,spa94 ,! v>iety 0 introduc$ into ,cali=nia at a v e>ly day & 0 rais$ by ! ,mission fa!rs1 h5ce ! "n4 ,mission is believ$ by "s to be a hybrid betwe5 ,v9if]a & ,girdiana4 ,vigor\s2 canes %ort-jo9t$1 dull d>k br[n to grayi%2 leaf above m$ium size1 slightly oblong1 five-lob$2 /am5s erect2 clu/]s slightly %\ld]$1 loose1 di/9ctly comp\nd2 b]ries m$ium1 r\nd2 sk9 ?91 purpli%-black ) heavy bloom2 fle% t5d]1 v9\s1 sweet2 v good2 rip5s ) ,concord 9 ,texas2 said to be imp]fectly self-f]tile4 ,miss\ri4 ,miss\ri ,se$l+4 ,m5tion$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj z a native grape4 ,v9e weak1 n v productive2 bun*es m$ium size1 loose2 b]ries small1 r\nd1 blui%-black ) little bloom2 t5d] ) little pulp1 sweet & pleasant4 ,miss\ri ,bird ,eye4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahei z be+ free f rot 9 ! vic9ity ( ,h]mann1 ,miss\ri4 ,miss\ri ,muscad9e4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,ill9ois ,horticultural ,society ,report = #ahgg z be+ v h>dy & v productive4 ,mod5a4 7,lab47 ,a ,concord se$l+2 f ,caywood1 ab\t #ahfg4 ,vigor\s & h>dy2 bun* & b]ry m$ium1 r\ndi%1 black2 simil> to ,concord 9 flavor & rip5s ab\t ) t v>iety4 ,m(fats4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,m9nesota ,horticultural ,society ,report1 #ahgg1 z be+ a l>ge1 h>dy grape4 ,moltke4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,salem2 f ,f4 ,e4 ,l4 ,raut5b]g1 ( ,l9coln1 ,ill9ois4 ,v productive & vigor\s1 resembles ,agawam2 clu/] m$ium1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ries v l>ge1 oblong1 d>k r$2 sk9 ?ick2 sweet & aromatic2 rip5s t5 days e>li] ?an ,agawam4 ,mon>*4 7,lab487 ,te/$ by ! ,alabama ,exp]im5t ,/ation & report$ z vigor\s & a /rong gr[]4 ,clu/]s l>ge1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 black ) blue bloom2 sk9 ?ick2 pulp half t5d]1 pleasant1 quality good2 season la/ ( ,augu/2 productive4 ,a promis+ m>ket grape4 ,mon>d4 ,v9e weak2 /am5s reflex$2 bun* small to m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 light r$2 v good2 a few days lat] ?an ,concord4 ,monl9tawba4 7,mon4 ,l9c4 ,v94 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,vitis monticola by ,f]n ,munson2 f ,munson4 ,/am5s depress$2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry small1 purple2 rip5s v late4 ,montclair4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,c4 ,c4 ,corby1 ( ,montclair1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,mod]ately vigor\s1 n fully h>dy1 productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s above m$ium1 long & broad1 tap]+1 %\ld]$2 v>iable 9 compactness2 b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 slightly oval1 d>k r$ ) lilac bloom1 unusually p]si/5t2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp gre5i%1 some:at t\gh & solid1 slightly v9\s1 sweet2 good to v good2 late 9 rip5+4 ,montisella4 7,mon4 ,l9c4 ,lab4 ,ae/47 ,a se$l+ ( ,vitis monticola cross$ ) ,laussel2 f ,munson4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 purple2 rip5s v late4 ,mont\r4 7,lab47 ,m5tion$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 _! report = #ahfi 9 a li/ ( v>ieties ( ,labrusca4 ,montreal4 ,not$ 9 ! ,rural ,new ,york] = #ahhf z be+ a new black grape1 sup]ior to ,concord2 f ,wm4 ,e4 ,gre5 ( ,v]mont4 ,mor94 ,not$ by ,pr9ce 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly1 #ahfc1 9 a li/ ( wor?less v>ieties4 ,morrell ,se$l+4 ,rais$ by a ,mr4 ,morrell ( ,g]mant[n1 ,new ,york2 not$ 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahga4 ,a m$ium-siz$ blue grape ) a %>p & pleasant flavor4 ,said to be a bett] grape ?an ,h>t=d ,prolific or ,concord1 b n equal to !m 9 e>l9ess4 ,morse4 ,not$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahfc 9 a li/ ( wor?less v>ieties4 ,mottl$4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,c>p5t]'s ,se$l+4 ,an (fspr+ ( ,catawba gr[n by ,*as4 ,c>p5t]1 ,kelleys ,isl&1 ,ohio1 ab\t #ahfj4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy & prolific2 bun* m$ium1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 r\nd1 l ,catawba 9 color & mottl$ ) d>k] %ades2 sk9 ?ick2 pulp t5d]1 sweet1 juicy1 brisk & sprightly1 r pulpy & acid at c5t]4 ,m\nta94 ,"o ( a li/ ( wor?less v>ieties m5tion$ by ,pr9ce 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly1 #ahfc4 ,m\nt ,lebanon4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,george ,curtis ( ! ,unit$ ,society ( ,%ak]s1 ,m\nt ,lebanon1 ,columbia ,c\nty1 ,new ,york2 suppos$ to be a cross ( ,spani% ,amb] & ,isabella4 ,bun* m$ium2 b]ry r\nd1 r$di%2 fle% pulpy1 t\gh1 sweet4 ,mrs4 ,mc,lure4 7,rip4 ,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,mc,lure4 ,"o ( ,dr4 ,wylie's hybrids f a cross betwe5 ,cl9ton & ,pet] ,wylie2 not$ by ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahge4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 foliage resembles ,cl9ton2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium1 %\ld]$1 n v compact2 b]ries m$ium1 r\nd1 :ite2 good2 rip5s be=e ,catawba4 ,mrs4 ,munson4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,f ,munson2 a cross betwe5 ,neo%o & ,h]bemont4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 v productive2 clu/]s l>ge1 conical1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry small1 purple ) a ?91 t\gh sk92 pulp melt+1 juicy1 sprightly2 v good2 rip5s late4 ,mrs4 ,/ayman4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,a ,delaw>e se$l+2 f ,dr4 ,j4 ,/ayman4 ,v vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y & productive2 free f rot & mildew2 bun* l>ge1 compact2 b]ry above m$ium1 r$ ) light bloom2 sk9 ?ick1 t\gh2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 sprightly1 ri*1 sweet2 v good2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord4 ,mu5*4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,p>5tage1 ,neo%o cross$ ) ,h]bemont2 f ,munson1 9 #ahhg4 ,v vigor\s1 h>dy2 clu/] l>ge1 usually %\ld]$2 b]ry bel[ m$ium1 r\nd2 sk9 ?91 t\gh1 d>k purple2 fle% t5d]1 juicy4 ,multiple4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,munson's ,no4 #ajg4 ,a se$l+ ( ,h]bemont poll9at$ by ,triumph2 produc$ by ,munson4 ,vigor\s1 self-f]tile2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ries m$ium1 purple2 rip5s v late4 ,muncie4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,said to be a se$l+ ( ,elvira2 f ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas4 ,describ$ by ,/ayman 9 ,miss\ri ,horticultural ,society ,report1 #ahib1 z foll[s3 ,bun* m$ium1 compact1 h&some2 b]ry m$ium1 :ite2 sk9 ?91 r t\gh2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 sprightly1 ri*1 sweet1 v good2 vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y & productive2 free f rot & mildew2 ripe ab\t ) ,concord4 ,muncy ,black4 7,lab47 ,m5tion$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj z hav+ be5 f\nd on ! same f>m z ! ,pale ,r$ ,muncy4 ,v productive1 ) h>% & unpleasant fruit4 ,muni]4 ,not$ 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly1 #ahfc1 z com+ f a ,g]man ne> ,massillon1 ,ohio4 ,e>ly1 ( excell5t quality z a table grape1 productive & z h>dy z ! ,isabella or ,concord4 ,munson4 7,l9c4 ,rup47 ,jaeg] ,no4 #gj4 ,a se$l+ ( ,jaeg] ,no4 #dc cross$ ) a male ,rupe/ris4 ,v vigor\s1 productive2 clu/]s m$ium1 %\ld]$1 mod]ately compact2 b]ries l>ge1 black2 slight ,po/-oak flavor2 rip5s be=e ,norton4 ,murdock4 ,a grape gr[n by ,judge ,murdock at ,elkad]1 ,clayton ,c\nty1 ,i[a4 ,h>dy & free f mildew2 v sweet4 ,muscad9e ,sup]ior4 ,a se$l+ exhibit$ by ,john ,hopk9s1 ( ,wilm+ton1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 be=e ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahga4 ,muscat4 ,! "n ( a gr\p ( ,v9if]a grapes ! be/ kn[n v>iety ( :i* is ,muscat ( ,alex&ria4 ,muscat ,catawba4 ,li/$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahfc z a wor?less sort4 ,mylitta4 7,l94 ,rup4 ,lab47 ,f ,munson2 a cross betwe5 ,am]ica & ,beacon4 ,clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 rip5s late2 self-f]tile4 ,nahab4 7,lab47 ,describ$ 9 ,alabama ,/ation ,bullet9 ,no4 #hg = #aijj z foll[s3 ,v9es lack+ 9 vigor2 clu/]s m$ium 9 size1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 r\nd1 :ite2 sk9 ?92 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 slightly acid2 season middle ( ,augu/2 n productive4 ,na%ua4 ,m5tion$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj z orig9at+ 9 ,ma9e4 ,na%ua4 ,a v>iety "u ?is "n 0 exhibit$ at ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society meet+ 9 #ahfi by ,all5 ,putnam4 ,describ$ z betwe5 ! ,h>t=d & ,concord1 b sweet] ?an ei!r & does n drop4 ,naumkeag4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,isabella rais$ by a ,mr4 ,b[k] ( ,salem1 ,massa*usetts1 :i* fruit$ 9 #ahdh4 ,bun*es resemble ! p>5t2 b]ries above m$ium1 r\nd1 r$ ) slight bloom2 pulpy1 ) ,isabella flavor2 a little e>li] ?an its p>5t4 ,nazro4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,pr9ce1 9 #ahcj1 /ates t ?is v>iety 0 orig9at$ f se$ ( ! ,troy grape plant$ 9 #ahbe by ,h5ry ,nazro ( ?is /ate2 fruit$ 9 #ahbh4 ,b]ries m$ium 9 size1 oval2 sweet1 ( pleasant flavor1 slightly foxy2 rip5s e>ly4 ,nebraska4 ,not$ by ,full] 9 #ahfg z a beautiful ornam5tal v9e1 b ! fruit ( no value4 ,neff4 7,lab47 ,keuka4 ,f a ,mr4 ,neff1 ne> ,keuka1 ,new ,york4 ,bun* & b]ry m$ium1 d>k r$2 foxy2 good2 e>ly4 ,nell4 7,b\rq4 ,ae/4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,h]bemont cross$ ) ,norton2 f ,munson4 ,a v late1 l>ge-clu/]$1 small-b]ri$1 :ite grape2 self-f]tile4 ,nelson4 ,a *ance se$l+ f ,rog] ,nelson1 ,ilion1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahif2 undescrib$4 ,neo%o4 7,l9c47 ,f\nd gr[+ wild on ! f>m ( ,e4 ,s*o5born1 ,neo%o1 ,miss\ri1 by ,h4 ,jaeg]4 ,v vigor\s1 h>dy1 n productive2 l>ge1 glossy1 beautiful d>k gre5 foliage2 /am5s reflex$2 bun*es m$ium to l>ge1 long1 %\ld]$2 b]ries small1 black ) blue bloom2 sk9 ?92 pulp firm1 sweet1 spicy2 produces a light w9e ) a peculi> aroma4 ,neponset4 ,not$ z a wor?less sort by ,pr9ce 9 #ahfc4 ,n]luton4 ,"o ( ,m>9e's se$l+s4 ,vigor\s2 leaf l>ge1 lea!ry2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ries m$ium1 black4 ,neva ,munson4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,neva4 ,"o ( ,munson's crosses betwe5 ,neo%o & ,h]bemont2 orig9at$ ab\t #ahhe4 ,v vigor\s1 h>dy & productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s l>ge1 cyl9drical1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries small1 purple ) ?91 t\gh sk92 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 sprightly1 sweet flavor2 too late = ! ,nor?4 ,nev]fail4 ,mitzky 9 #ahic says3 ,?is v>iety 0 f\nd 9 ,roanoke ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia4 ,feeble at fir/ b gr[s rapidly :5 old]2 free f rot2 bun* & b]ry m$ium1 black1 juicy & v9\s2 too late = ! ,nor?4 ,new>k4 7,v94 ,rip4 ,lab47 ,a hybrid betwe5 ,cl9ton & a ,v9if]a2 f ,new>k1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy & v productive2 bun*es long1 loose1 %\ld]$2 b]ries m$ium1 d>k1 almo/ black2 sweet1 juicy & v9\s1 ( pleasant ta/e4 ,new ,buda4 7,lab47 ,te/$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 #ahfc & ?\ght to be ,concord4 ,newburgh4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord cross$ ) ,tr5?am ,black2 f ,ricketts4 ,mitzky 9 #ahic says3 ,bun* & b]ry ( ! l>ge/ size1 bun* heavily %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 black1 ) blui%-gray bloom2 fle% t5d]1 juicy ) peculi> flavor2 v vigor\s1 a f9e amateur grape4 ,newburgh ,muscat4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,culb]ts ,no4 #c2 ,:ite ,mol9e2 ,:ite ,muscat ( ,newburgh4 ,f ,dr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,m4 ,culb]t ( ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 9 #ahgg2 a se$l+ ( ,h>t=d cross$ ) ,iona2 exhibit$ be=e ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahgg4 ,vigor\s & h>dy1 unproductive2 fl[]s /]ile2 /am5s reflex$2 clu/]s m$ium1 %ort1 (t5 s+le-%\ld]$1 loose2 b]ries m$ium1 r\ndi%1 pale yell[i%-gre51 gray bloom1 %att] badly2 sk9 ?ick1 t5d]2 fle% s(t & t5d]1 musky1 sweet1 mild2 good4 ,new ,hav54 7,lab47 ,new ,hav5 ,r$4 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,j4 ,valle ( ,new ,hav51 ,miss\ri4 ,vigor\s1 ?rifty1 h>dy1 productive2 /am5s upright2 bun*es m$ium1 v>iable 9 compactness1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 black ) blue bloom2 sk9 ?9 & t5d]2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 good2 rip5s ab\t a week be=e ,concord4 ,newman4 7,l9c4 ,v94 ,lab47 ,a cross betwe5 ,big ,b]ry & ,triumph2 f ,munson1 introduc$ 9 #ahid4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 /am5s erect2 bun*es l>ge1 loose2 b]ry l>ge1 black1 ) ?9 t\gh sk92 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 ne>ly sweet2 good2 late4 ,new ,m>y4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,mitzky1 #ahic1 says ?is is ,l9dley "u a new "n4 ,newport4 7,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,h]bemont2 resembles its p>5t4 ,newton4 ,a l>ge1 %[y grape b\ght f an ag5t by ,/eph5 ,h4 ,%allcross1 ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky1 & exhibit$ at ! ,mississippi ,valley ,horticultural ,society meet+ at ,/4 ,l\is 9 #ahha4 ,newtonia4 7,l9c4 ,rup4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,am]ica poll9at$ by ,r4 ,w4 ,munson2 f ,munson1 9 #ahig4 ,clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 self-f]tile2 rip5s e>ly4 ,nimalba4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,f ,texas4 ,te/$ by ,georgia ,exp]im5t ,/ation & describ$ z foll[s3 ,v weak1 light yield]2 /am5s upright2 bun* small1 compact2 b]ry small1 :ite2 good2 rip5s ) ,catawba4 ,n9a4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,mitzky1 #ahic1 says ?is is a se$l+ ( ,diana1 rais$ by ,c4 ,h4 ,woodruff1 ,ann ,arbor1 ,mi*igan4 ,v9e v h>dy & productive2 bun* m$ium to l>ge2 b]ries m$ium1 d>k r$1 v sweet & good quality2 rip5s e>ly ) ,*ampion & ,moore ,e>ly1 9 quality bett] ?an ei!r4 ,n9ekah4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,delago cross$ ) ,brilliant2 f ,munson1 9 #ahii4 ,clu/] m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 r$2 self-f]tile2 rip5s mid-season4 ,nizola4 ,not$ by ,cole 9 #ahdi4 ,f ,col4 ,l4 ,*ase1 ,corni%1 ,new ,hamp%ire2 m$ium bun* & b]ry2 v9\s & excell5t4 ,nonantum4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ rais$ by ,francis ,dana ne> ,bo/on1 ,massa*usetts2 exhibit$ be=e ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahfd4 ,vigor\s2 bun* small1 %\ld]$2 b]ries m$ium1 oval1 entirely free f pulp2 good2 9 appe>ance v mu* l ,isabella & probably a se$l+ ( t v>iety4 ,nonp>eil4 7,l9c4 ,v94 ,lab4 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,e>ly ,purple cross$ ) ,brilliant2 f ,munson1 9 #ahif4 ,clu/] m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 r$2 self-f]tile2 rip5s e>ly4 ,nora4 7,bicolor1 ,v9487 ,receiv$ = te/+ at ?is ,/ation 9 #aijb f ,dr4 ,g4 ,l4 ,t9k]1 ,new ,philadelphia1 ,ohio4 ,lacks vigor2 t5drils int]mitt5t2 buds app>5tly t5d]4 ,has n fruit$4 ,nor? ,am]ica4 7,lab4 ,rip487 ,not$ frequ5tly s9ce #ahfj2 said to be a se$l+ ( ,frankl94 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 unproductive2 bun* small1 %\ld]$2 b]ries r\nd1 black2 juicy1 sweet1 foxy2 e>ly4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,se$l+4 ,f ,j4 ,b4 ,g>b]1 ,columbia1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,v vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 v productive2 /am5s erect2 bun*es m$ium to l>ge1 g5]ally %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 oblong1 black ) slight blue bloom2 sk9 v ?ick2 pulpy1 sweet2 good2 rip5s a few days aft] ,h>t=d4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,:ite4 ,not$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj4 ,f ,nor? ,c>ol9a & diff]5t f ,scupp]nong2 :ite b]ries ( good flavor4 ,nor!rn ,light4 7,lab47 ,a *ance se$l+ f ,john ,d4 ,cam]on1 ,l',orig9al1 ,ont>io1 ab\t #ahhj4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 leaf ?ick1 lea!ry2 bun* long1 cyl9drical1 compact1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 gre5i%-:ite ) ?9 :iti% bloom2 pulp juicy1 melt+1 sweet1 v9\s2 good2 rip5s a little lat] ?an ,*ampion4 ,nor!rn ,muscat4 ,m5tion$ 9 ,rhode ,isl& ,/ation ,bullet9 ,no4 #f1 #ahij1 z be+ a new v>iety receiv$ f ,ohio = te/+2 bun* m$ium or above2 b]ry m$ium1 amb] color2 good4 ,nor? ,/>4 ,not$ 9 ! ,wiscons9 ,horticultural ,society ,report1 #ahhf1 z a se$l+ f ,waupaca ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,a black grape ) long clu/]s2 poor quality4 ,ob$4 ,not$ by ,mitzky1 #ahic1 z a *ance se$l+ gr[n by ,ob$ ,h>rell1 ,*risman1 ,ill9ois4 ,clu/] m$ium to l>ge1 mod]ately compact2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 :iti%-gre5 ) delicate bloom2 vigor\s & productive4 ,ob]on4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,f ,g4 ,w4 ,campbell ab\t #ahhj2 a cross betwe5 ,concord & ,muscat ,hamburg4 ,mod]ately vigor\s1 productive1 n h>dy2 bun* l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 black1 resembles ,muscat ,hamburg2 good4 ,occid5tal4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,produc$ by ,n4 ,b4 ,:ite f a cross betwe5 a wild ,labrusca & ,black ,hamburg4 ,clu/]s compact ) d>k r$ b]ries4 ,octavia4 7,l9c4 ,v94 ,lab4 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,e>ly ,purple cross$ ) ,brilliant2 f ,munson1 9 #ahif4 ,clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 r$2 self-/]ile2 rip5s mid-season4 ,(f]4 7,lab47 ,w>d] 9 #ahfg1 says ( ?is v>iety3 ,bun* l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 d>k r$1 sweet1 musky2 n approv$4 ,ohio ,cl>et4 ,a native v>iety "u te/ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 #ahfc4 ,oktaha4 7,*amp4 ,v94 ,lab4 ,b\rq487 ,a se$l+ ( ,vitis *amp9i poll9at$ ) ,brilliant or ,delaw>e2 f ,munson & introduc$ 9 #ahih4 ,mod]ately vigor\s1 heal?y1 productive2 clu/] m$ium1 cyl9drical1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 r\nd1 black ) little bloom2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp melt+1 juicy1 sprightly1 good2 e>ly4 ,old ,=d4 7,lab47 ,not$ by ,mitzky 9 #ahic z a wild grape f ! m\nta9s ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,rem>kably heal?y & vigor\s1 productive2 bun*es m$ium2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 d>k w9e color2 pulpy1 juicy1 sweet2 v e>ly4 ,old ,gold4 7,rip4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,munson's ,no4 #bi4 ,elvira cross$ ) ,brighton2 f ,munson4 ,te/$ by ,virg9ia ,exp]im5t ,/ation & disc>d$2 n introduc$ by ! orig9ator4 ,old ,hundr$4 7,c94 ,ae/487 ,mitzky1 9 #ahic1 says ( ?is v>iety3 ,introduc$ by ,j4 ,a4 ,francis1 ,salem1 ,virg9ia4 ,bun* m$ium1 n v compact2 ab\t ! size ( ,cl9ton2 black2 v prolific2 good table & w9e grape2 conta9s ,c9]ea blood 9 l>ge quantity ) probably ,ae/ivalis4 ,olita4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e f]tiliz$ by ,irv+2 f ,munson 9 #ahih4 ,mod]ately vigor\s1 n h>dy1 mod]ately productive1 some:at subject to attacks ( mildew2 fl[]s semi-f]tile2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 long1 ne>ly cyl9drical1 s+le-%\ld]$1 v>iable 9 compactness2 b]ries m$ium1 r\nd1 yell[i%-gre51 (t5 ) slight amb] t+e1 gray bloom2 sk9 ?92 some:at t\gh2 fle% t5d] & melt+2 mild1 slightly v9\s1 ne>ly sweet2 fair2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord2 ( ! ,delaw>e type b inf]ior to t v>iety 9 bo? fruit & v9e *>act]s4 ,olitatoo4 7,v94 ,lab4 ,l9c47 ,a se$l+ ( ,armlong cross$ ) ,excelsior2 f ,munson 9 #ahif4 ,clu/] v l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 :ite2 self-f]tile2 rip5s v late4 ,olm/ead4 7,lab47 ,a fox grape m5tion$ by ,ni*olas ,longwor? 9 ,bu*anan's ,culture ( ! ,grape1 #aheb4 ,olympia4 ,f ,william ,m4 ,m>9e ab\t #ahgj4 ,bun* & b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 black4 ,omega4 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,f ,john ,burr1 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas4 ,mod]ately vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 n productive2 clu/]s m$ium to small1 %ort1 usually %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 oblate to r\ndi%1 dull r$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 s(t2 fle% gre51 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 sprightly2 good2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord2 self-/]ile4 ,omega4 ,not$ 9 ! ,record ( ,horticulture1 #ahfh1 z a new v>iety f ! ,we/1 resembl+ ,catawba b said to be bett]4 ,possibly ! same z ! prec$+4 ,ond]donk4 7,b\rq4 ,lab48 ,v9487 ,said to be a pure se$l+ ( ,h]bemont b also giv5 z ,h]bemont cross$ ) ,irv+2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahij4 ,v vigor\s1 h>dy1 v productive2 affect$ "s ) s(t rot2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s l>ge1 conical1 compact2 b]ries small1 :ite1 transluc5t1 ) scatt]+ dots2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp juicy1 sweet1 sprightly2 v good2 makes excell5t :ite w9e4 ,oneovem4 7,rip4 ,b\rq4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ f ,munson 9 #ahig2 f ,"o ,se$ f]tiliz$ by ,rommel4 ,clu/] m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 :ite2 /am5s reflex$2 rip5s late4 ,"o ,se$4 7,rip4 ,b\rq4 ,lab47 ,a v>iety produc$ by ,munson f ,elvira cross$ ) ,humboldt2 us$ by him z a p>5t 9 "s ( 8 bre$+ "w4 ,onondaga4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( a cross betwe5 ,diana & ,delaw>e2 f ,lewis ,hueb]1 ,fayetteville1 ,onondaga ,c\nty1 ,new ,york2 exhibit$ at ! ,am]ican ,in/itute ,fair 9 #ahfe4 ,h>dy1 vigor\s & prolific2 bun*es l>ge1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 amb] color ) ?ick sk92 pulp sweet1 ri*1 f9e flavor$2 rip5s ) ,delaw>e4 ,ont>io4 7,lab47 ,a v l>ge black grape1 probably id5tical ) ,union ,village4 ,onyx4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,p>5tage1 ,delago cross$ ) ,gold5 ,gem2 f ,munson 9 #ahii4 ,clu/] m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 d>k r$2 /am5s erect2 rip5s e>ly4 ,opal4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a :ite se$l+ ( ,l9dley cross$ ) ,m>?a2 f ,munson1 introduc$ ab\t #ahib4 ,lacks vigor2 h>dy1 n productive at ?is ,/ation2 self-f]tile2 bun* m$ium to l>ge1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 ne>ly r\nd1 yell[i%-:ite ) ?9 :ite bloom2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp t\gh1 n readily releas+ se$1 juicy1 sweet1 sprightly1 v9\s ) little or no foxy flavor2 good2 rip5s ) ,niag>a4 ,oriole4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,po/-oak cross$ ) ,dev]eaux2 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s & productive2 /am5s erect2 bun* m$ium to l>ge1 cyl9drical1 %\ld]$1 mod]ately compact2 b]ries small1 black1 ) ?91 t\gh sk92 pulp t5d]1 sweet2 be/ quality2 v late4 ,orphan ,boy4 7,v94 ,lab4 ,b\rq47 ,not$ by ,mitzky1 #ahic1 z f ,j4 ,h4 ,dawson1 ,wea!r=d1 ,texas1 & z a cross betwe5 ,delaw>e & ,wild]4 ,bun* m$ium1 %\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge1 black ) f9e bloom2 quality mu* l ,delaw>e2 rip5s a little aft] ,delaw>e4 ,orwigsburg4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,black ,pale/9e2 ,s*uylkill4 ,f\nd gr[+ ne> ,orwigsburg1 ,s*uylkill ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 by ,dr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,hul+s ( ,philadelphia4 ,g5]ally suppos$ to be a hybrid betwe5 a ,v9if]a & "s native species1 probably ,labrusca2 said to be productive1 h>dy1 subject to mildew2 b]ries r\nd1 small1 :ite2 juicy1 sweet2 good4 ,osage4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a black se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,john ,burr1 ( ,kansas4 ,vigor\s1 usually h>dy & heal?y1 m$ium to v productive2 fl[]s /]ile2 /am5s reflex$2 t5drils cont9u\s2 clu/]s v>iable 9 size1 usually %ort1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 di/9ctly flatt5$ to sometimes r\ndi%2 dull black ) blue bloom1 %att] badly1 n firm2 fle% t\gh1 foxy1 sweet1 good2 ( ,concord type b less foxy2 a week e>li] ?an its p>5t4 ,osceola4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,/&>d2 f ,dr4 ,j4 ,/ayman4 ,vigor\s1 v h>dy1 heal?y & productive2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium to l>ge1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 :ite2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp t5d]1 sweet1 ri*1 sprightly1 v9\s2 v good2 rip5s ) ,jewel4 ,osee4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,a :ite ,rip>ia f ,john ,burr1 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas2 said to be a se$l+ ( ,gre9 ,gold54 ,v>iable 9 vigor1 v productive1 h>dy2 bun* m$ium1 %ort & ?ick1 compact2 b]ry :ite1 v l>ge2 t5d]1 v juicy1 sprightly1 sweet ) a peculi> flavor2 good only = w9e2 rip5s be=e ,concord4 ,oskaloosa4 7,b\rq4 ,lab47 ,a ,delaw>e se$l+2 f ,dr4 ,j4 ,/ayman4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y & productive2 bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 black ) bloom2 sk9 ?ick1 t\gh2 pulp t5d]1 ri*1 sweet1 sprightly1 juicy1 v9\s2 v good2 v late4 ,osmond4 7,rip47 ,not$ by ,d[n+1 #ahfi1 z a se$l+ ( ,frankl9 f ,o4 ,t4 ,hobbs1 ,r&olph1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,bun* small2 b]ry small1 r\nd1 black1 blue bloom2 fle% v9\s1 h>%4 ,oswego4 7,lab47 ,not$ 9 ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahid2 orig9 unkn[n1 f ,dr4 ,j4 ,/ayman ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy & productive2 bun* & b]ry v l>ge1 h&some1 resembl+ ,concord 9 color2 little pulp & ) native aroma2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,otoe4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report1 #ahfc1 z "o ( ! v>ieties "u trial 9 ! gov]nm5t exp]im5tal g>d54 ,oua*ita4 7,ae/47 ,a wild grape f\nd on ! plantation ( ,dr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,lawr5ce ne> ,midl& on ! ,oua*ita ,riv]1 ,hot ,spr+s ,c\nty1 ,arkansas4 ,h>dy & productive ) long1 compact bun*es2 "o "t popul> 9 ,france = w9e-mak+4 ,owego4 ,f ,john ,burr4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y & productive2 bun*es m$ium1 compact2 b]ry v l>ge1 r$2 t5d]1 juicy1 sprightly & v9\s2 be/ quality4 ,ow5s ,:ite4 7,lab47 ,not$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj z f ,wm4 ,ow5s ( ,virg9ia4 ,a l>ge-fruit$1 :ite ,labrusca4 ,owosso4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a *ance se$l+ f ,c4 ,h4 ,goodhue1 ,owosso1 ,mi*igan2 suppos$ to be f ,catawba4 ,v vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 self-/]ile2 bun*es m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 d>k amb] ) slight lilac bloom2 pulp t\gh1 sweet1 v9\s2 quality n high2 rip5s ) ,delaw>e4 ,oz>k ,se$l+4 ,among ! wor?less sorts li/$ by ,pr9ce 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly1 #ahfc4 ,pagan4 ,not$ by ,mitzky1 9 #ahic1 z on trial4 ,pal]mo4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,delago cross$ ) ,brilliant2 f ,munson1 fruit$ 9 #ahii4 ,int]m$iate 9 vigor1 h>dy1 n a heavy be>]2 t5drils usually int]mitt5t2 foliage m$ium to l>ge1 light gre51 pubesc5t2 fl[]s semi-f]tile2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s m$ium to bel[ 9 size & l5g?1 (t5 s+le-%\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries av]age size1 r\ndi%1 yell[i%-gre5 ) t+e ( amb]1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 adh]5t1 firm2 sk9 ?ick1 t\gh2 fle% gre5 ) t+e ( yell[1 t5d] & ne>ly melt+1 v9\s1 sweet f sk9 to c5t]1 agreeable flavor2 v good4 ,palm]4 7,lab47 ,f a ,mrs4 ,mill+ton1 ( ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahij4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 black2 pulp s(t1 sweet2 v good4 ,palmetto4 7,b\rq47 ,f ,david ,johnson1 ,union1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,resembles ,h]bemont v closely 9 =m1 size ( clu/] & b]ry b is di/9ct4 ,b]ry d>k r$1 heavy light blue bloom2 fle% s(t1 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic1 v9\s4 ,pamlico4 7,rot47 ,not$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report 9 #ahga z a ,rotundifolia ) mu/ hav+ a sac*>9e /r5g? ( #hj4 ,p>adox4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,se$l+ ,no4 #ejb4 ,a se$l+ ( ,h>t=d cross$ ) ,iona2 f ,ricketts4 ,v9e v>iable 9 vigor1 n always h>dy1 an unc]ta9 be>]2 t5drils cont9u\s2 foliage heal?y1 l>ge to m$ium2 fl[]s semi-f]tile1 bloom m$ium late2 /am5s upright2 fruit rip5s ab\t ) ,concord or e>li]1 does n keep well2 clu/]s l>ge1 ( m$ium l5g?1 broad1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 r\ndi%1 purpli%-black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom1 drop consid]ably f p$icel1 firm2 sk9 ?9 to m$ium1 (t5 r t5d]1 a/r+5t2 fle% ne>ly t\gh1 /r+y1 some:at v9\s2 good 9 quality4 ,p>agon4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,telegraph cross$ ) ,black ,hamburg2 f ,*as4 ,j4 ,copley1 ,/apleton1 ,new ,york1 ye>s ago4 ,mod]ate vigor2 leaves d>k gre51 ?ree- to five-lob$2 clu/] l>ge1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 black2 quality v good2 good keep]2 rots "s4 ,p>agon4 7,lab47 ,burr's ,no4 #ae4 ,f ,john ,burr1 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas4 ,lacks vigor2 t5drils int]mitt5t2 fl[]s ne>ly f]tile2 /am5s upright2 season betwe5 ,word5 & ,concord2 keeps well2 clu/]s n uni=m1 %ort1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 r\ndi%1 black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) abundant blue bloom1 p]si/5t2 sk9 v>ies 9 t\ghness1 t5d]1 n a/r+5t2 fle% mod]ately t5d]1 /r+y & foxy1 ne>ly sweet at sk9 to acid at c5t]2 good1 equal to ,concord4 ,p>k] ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,se$l+4 ,not$ 9 a li/ ( native grapes "u te/ 9 ! exp]im5tal v9ey>ds ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 #ahfj4 ,pattison4 7,lab487 ,giv5 9 a li/ ( e>lie/ rip5+ v>ieties 9 ! report ( ! ,canada ,c5tral ,exp]im5tal ,f>ms = #aije4 ,paul9e4 7,b\rq47 ,burgundy ( ,georgia2 ,r$ ,l5oir4 ,a ,s\!rn grape valuable only = w9e2 gr[n r ext5sively fifty ye>s ago4 ,n vigor\s2 leaves m d[ny ?an ,dev]eaux2 clu/] l>ge1 long1 tap]+1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries bel[ m$ium1 copp] color or violet1 lilac bloom2 brisk1 sweet1 v9\s4 ,paultne4 ,describ$ by ,wm4 ,falcon]1 ,gl5 ,cove1 ,new ,york1 9 ,c\ntry ,g5tleman 9 #ahhd4 ,clu/] m$ium1 loose2 b]ries gre5i%1 unequal1 n ov] m$ium2 foliage heal?y4 ,pawnee4 7,ae/4 ,lab47 ,f ,dr4 ,j4 ,/ayman1 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas4 ,m$ium 9 vigor1 productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/] l>ge1 d\ble-%\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry above m$ium2 sk9 ?91 t\gh1 black2 pulp t5d]1 meaty1 n juicy1 sprightly1 ri*1 v9\s1 sweet1 peculi> flavor resembl+ ,oz>k2 quality m$ium4 ,paxton4 7,lab47 ,a ,concord se$l+2 f ,f4 ,f4 ,m]c]on1 ,catawissa1 ,p5nsylvania2 fruit$ 9 #ahfc4 ,said to be z h>dy & productive z ! ,concord1 :i* x mu* resembles2 l>ge bun* & b]ry2 quality giv5 by orig9ator z bett] ?an ,concord4 ,pe>l4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,rommel's ,taylor ,se$l+ ,no4 #aj4 ,f ,jacob ,rommel1 ( ,morrison1 ,miss\ri4 ,v vigor\s1 h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess2 t5drils cont9u\s1 bifid to trifid2 leaves l>ge1 light gre52 l[] surface pale gre51 pubesc5t2 fl[]s semi-f]tile1 op5 e>ly2 /am5s upright2 fruit rip5s ) ,concord or lat]2 clu/]s int]m$iate 9 size1 %ort1 sl5d]1 usually ) a small s+le %\ld]1 compact2 b]ries small1 r\ndi%1 v light gre51 (t5 ) amb] or yell[ t+e1 cov]$ ) ?9 gray bloom1 %att] badly2 sk9 v>iable 9 ?ickness & t\ghness2 fle% mod]ately juicy1 t5d] & v9\s1 sweet f sk9 to c5t]2 fair 9 quality4 ,! v9e is peculi> 9 hav+ v hairy petioles & ne>ly glabr\s %oots4 ,p$ee4 7,rot47 ,discov]$ on ,p$ee ,riv]1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 ov] ?irty ye>s ago4 ,vigor\s2 /am5s reflex$2 clu/] v small1 loose1 irregul>2 b]ry v l>ge1 black2 m$ium 9 quality2 rip5s a mon? aft] ,scupp]nong4 ,pe]less4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a hybrid betwe5 ,h>t=d & ,muscat ,hamburg2 f ,geo4 ,w4 ,campbell1 ,delaw>e1 ,ohio4 ,productive2 clu/] long1 slightly %\ld]$1 r loose2 b]ry gre51 l>ge1 adh]5t2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 se$s two to f\r2 pulp q l>ge1 firm1 sep>at+ easily f se$s1 juicy2 excell5t quality4 ,peggy4 7,lab47 ,9 #ahfi1 ,r4 ,w4 ,g&y1 ,troy1 ,i[a1 describ$ ,peggy z h>dy & heal?y2 b]ry size ( ,isabella & equal to ,delaw>e 9 flavor2 rip5s five days be=e ,h>t=d4 ,9 #ahgf1 ,john ,balsig]1 ( ,highl&1 ,madison ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 said ( x3 ,a v foxy1 small & valueless grape4 ,pell's ,ill9ois4 7,rip487 ,f\nd wild 9 prairies ( ,ill9ois & s5t to ,pr9ce by ,g4 ,t4 ,pell1 ( ,ill9ois1 ab\t #ahcj4 ,peola4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,john ,burr1 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 ab\t #ahij4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y & productive2 free f rot & mildew2 b]ry m$ium1 black1 ) "s bloom2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 sprightly1 v9\s2 v good2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord4 ,p]fume4 ,nam$ by a ,g5]al ,jones previ\s to #ahcj4 ,! orig9al v9e grew on a small isl& 9 ! ,roanoke ,riv] a few miles above ! ,great ,falls1 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,a4 ,j4 ,davie1 describ+ x 9 ! ,am]ican ,f>m] gives ! color z purple2 b]ry "o-?ird l>g] ?an common grape ( woods1 slightly elongat$2 f9e flavor4 ,p]ry4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,p>5tage1 ,po/-oak ,no4 #b f]tiliz$ ) ,h]bemont2 f ,munson4 ,v vigor\s1 heal?y1 v productive2 clu/] l>ge1 sl5d]1 compact2 b]ry small to m$ium1 purple2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp melt+1 juicy1 good2 season two weeks lat] ?an ,concord4 ,pet] ,wylie4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,pet] ,wylie ,no4 #a4 ,p>5ts1 ,halifax cross$ ) a ,v9if]a1 f]tiliz$ ) ,delaw>e cross$ ) a ,v9if]a2 f ,dr4 ,a4 ,p4 ,wylie1 ( ,*e/]1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,vigor & h>d9ess m$ium1 incl9$ to rot 9 "s places1 n productive2 %oots smoo?2 leaves m$ium to small1 %all[ ?ree-lob$1 glabr\s und]nea?2 /am5s upright2 clu/] m$ium to l>ge1 compact1 (t5 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 gre5i% to gre5i%-yell[2 sk9 ?91 t5d]2 fle% t5d]1 sweet1 v9\s1 ,muscat flavor2 quality good2 rip5s soon aft] ,concord4 ,pi]ce4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,isabella ,regia2 ,royal ,isabella4 ,a bud-sport f ,isabella1 orig9at+ ab\t #ahhb ) ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,pi]ce1 ( ,santa ,cl>a1 ,cali=nia4 ,v vigor\s1 l>ge leaves1 prolific2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ries v l>ge1 black1 light bloom1 n firm2 pulp t5d]1 sweet1 /rongly aromatic2 good2 a valuable grape we/ ( ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,pione]4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,isabella & v simil> to x4 ,piqua4 ,m5tion$ by ,bu*anan z rais$ & exhibit$ by ,longwor? 9 #ahdf4 ,pittsburg ,se$l+4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f\nd gr[+ wild 9 #ahea1 by ,j4 ,s4 ,ar?ur1 ( ,pittsburg1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,does n yield z well z ,delaw>e1 b e>li]1 m sprightly & v9\s & ) less pulp2 rip5s 9 ,augu/4 ,piz>ro4 7,v94 ,rip4 ,lab47 ,p>5ts1 a ,cl9ton se$l+ cross$ ) a ,v9if]a2 f ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts1 ,newburgh1 ,new ,york4 ,m$ium 9 vigor1 productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/] l>ge1 loose2 b]ry m$ium1 black1 oblong2 juicy1 sweet1 aromatic2 good quality2 rip5s mid-season4 ,plan*ette4 7,b\rq4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,h]bemont f]tiliz$ by ,triumph2 f ,munson4 ,self-f]tile2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry :ite2 season late4 ,planet4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,ricketts2 p>5ts1 ,concord cross$ by ,black ,muscat ( ,alex&ria4 ,heal?y & productive2 clu/] l>ge1 loose1 %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 int]mix$ ) small] ones :i* h no se$s1 oblong2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 sweet2 good flavor ) slight ta/e ( ,muscat4 ,plym\?4 7,lab47 ,plym\? ,:ite4 ,not$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report ( #ahfj z a native :ite grape1 suitable = culture 9 ! ,nor!rn & ,middle ,/ates4 ,pocohontas ,r$4 7,lab47 ,a wor?less v>iety not$ 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahfc4 ,poes*el ,mammo?4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,mammo? ,catawba2 f ,mi*ael ,poes*el1 ,h]mann1 ,miss\ri4 ,heal?y2 clu/] m$ium1 compact1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ry v l>ge1 r\nd1 r$2 pulpy1 defici5t 9 flavor2 season a week lat] ?an ,catawba4 ,pollock4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f a ,mr4 ,pollock1 ( ,tremont1 ,new ,york1 previ\s to #ahfb4 ,a free gr[]2 foliage ?ick & lea!ry2 free f mildew2 clu/] compact1 long1 l>ge2 b]ry d>k purple or black2 fle% t5d]1 v9\s1 n too sweet4 ,pond's ,se$l+4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ gr[n by ,samuel ,pond ( ,massa*usetts1 previ\s to #ahcj4 ,v vigor\s1 %ort-jo9t$2 %y be>]2 clu/] long1 l>ge2 b]ry r\nd1 purple2 juicy2 good quality4 ,ponroy4 7,doan47 ,a nam$ wild v>iety f\nd by ,munson 9 ,wilb>g] ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 season e>ly4 ,pontotoc4 7,v94 ,b\rq4 ,lab47 ,a cross ( ,delago f]tiliz$ ) ,brilliant2 f ,munson4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] & b]ry l>ge1 r$2 quality z good or bett] ?an ,brighton2 season e>ly4 ,porup4 7,l9c4 ,rup47 ,a se$l+ ( ,po/-oak by ,rupe/ris2 f ,munson4 ,mississippi ,/ation ,bullet9 ,no4 #ef says3 ,a late rip5+ v>iety2 %att]s badly2 yield & quality poor4 ,po/-oak ,no4 #a4 7,l9c47 ,f ,munson1 f\nd 9 #ahha4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium to small2 black2 season late4 ,po/-oak ,no4 #b4 7,l9c47 ,f ,munson1 f\nd 9 #ahhc4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] & b]ry m$ium2 black2 season v late4 ,po/-oak ,no4 #c4 7,l9c47 ,f\nd by ,munson 9 #ahhc4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] & b]ry black2 season v late4 ,pott]4 7,lab47 ,pott]'s ,e>ly2 ,pott]'s ,se$l+2 ,pott]'s ,sweet4 ,orig9at$ 9 ,provid5ce1 ,rhode ,isl& ab\t #ahha4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] compact1 m$ium size1 n %\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge2 sk9 ?ick1 black2 pulp r t\gh2 season e>li] ?an ,concord4 ,prairie ,/ate4 7,lab47 ,f ,jacob ,*ri/ian1 ,m\nt ,c>roll1 ,ill9ois1 be=e #ahib4 ,h>dy1 productive2 clu/] l>ge1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 :ite1 f9e bloom2 sk9 ?92 no pulp1 sweet1 pleasant flavor2 good2 rip5s t5 days be=e ,concord4 ,presid5t4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,h]b]t2 f ,munson4 ,/rong1 heal?y1 prolific2 fl[] p]fect2 clu/] m$ium1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 black1 p]si/5t1 does n crack2 quality bett] ?an ,concord2 rip5s ) ,moore ,e>ly4 ,presly4 7,lab4 ,rip47 ,lyon2 ,presid5t ,lyon4 ,a se$l+ ( ,elvira cross$ ) ,*ampion2 f ,munson1 ! "n *ang$ by him f ,presid5t ,lyon to ,presly4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 produces good crops2 t5drils cont9u\s2 fl[]s ne>ly f]tile2 /am5s upright2 fruit rip5s ! la/ ( ,augu/2 clu/]s m$ium1 sl5d]1 cyl9drical1 frequ5tly s+le-%\ld]$1 loose2 b]ries small1 r\ndi%1 purpli%-r$1 heavy blue bloom1 p]si/5t2 sk9 m$ium1 t5d]1 adh]es /rongly to pulp2 fle% dull gre51 juicy1 t5d]1 foxy1 mild1 sweet f sk9 to c5t]2 good quality4 ,primate4 7,lab4 ,b\rq487 ,orig9at$ by ,john ,burr1 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 f mix$ se$4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 productive2 clu/] long1 compact1 h&some2 b]ry m$ium or above1 r$1 firm2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 ri*1 v9\s2 quality v good2 season a little aft] ,concord4 ,pr(essor ,brunk4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y2 clu/] m$ium size1 ragg$2 rip5s unev5ly2 v late4 ,report$ ^u at ,mississippi ,exp]im5t ,/ation 9 #ahii4 ,pr(essor ,gulley4 ,accord+ to ,mississippi ,/ation ,bullet9 ,no4 #ef1 #ahii1 v9e & fruit resemble ^? ( ,concord & fruit rip5s irregul>ly ab\t ! same "t4 ,yield n s l>ge1 m subject to rot4 ,pr(essor ,hilg>d4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,p>5ts1 ,po/-oak cross$ ) ,h]bemont2 f ,munson4 ,clu/] l>ge1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 purple2 juicy1 sweet & sprightly2 m$ium to late4 ,pr(itable4 7,lab4 ,rip47 ,a se$l+ ( ,elvira f]tiliz$ by ,p]k9s2 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s & productive1 h>dy2 /am5s upright1 p]fectly self-f]tile2 clu/] m$ium to l>ge1 long1 m$ium compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium size1 r\nd1 incl9$ to oblong1 pale gre5i%-r$2 sk9 r ?91 t5d]2 pulp t5d]1 sweet1 juicy2 flavor pleasant & agreeable2 season ab\t ) ,concord4 ,pr(usion4 7,l9c4 ,lab47 ,t5-,doll>-,prize f]tiliz$ by ,word52 f ,munson1 #ahhi4 ,v vigor\s2 /am5s upright2 clu/] l>ge1 compact2 b]ry small1 black1 adh]es well2 quality good2 lat] ?an ,concord 9 ,texas4 ,progress4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,?\ght to be a h>dy native ,labrusca by ,black ,hamburg cross2 f ,a4 ,f4 ,rice1 ( ,s\? ,weym\?1 ,massa*usetts1 previ\s to #ahhc4 ,good gr[]2 clu/] m$ium size1 %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 d>k r$2 sk9 ?ick1 r t5d]2 q pulpy1 juicy1 n high flavor$2 quality fair4 ,progress4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,john ,burr1 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 previ\s to #ahhe4 ,v vigor\s1 heal?y1 h>dy2 clu/] l>ge1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge1 m$ium1 black1 f9e bloom2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 ri*1 v9\s2 quality be/2 season a little lat] ?an ,concord4 ,prolific4 7,lab47 ,f ,dr4 ,/ayman ab\t #ahhj4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 clu/]s l>ge1 d\ble-%\ld]$1 compact1 hang well on v9e2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 season soon aft] ,jewel4 ,prolific ,*ick5 ,grape4 7,rip487 ,a wild grape f ,goo*l& ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia2 m5tion$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj4 ,v productive2 flavor pleasant2 rip5s 9 ,augu/ 9 ,virg9ia4 ,provo/ ,:ite4 7,lab47 ,not$ by ,/rong 9 #ahff z a common wild v>iety ( little value4 ,prunella4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ f ,m4 ,vib]t1 ( ,france1 produc$ by cross+ a ,v9if]a ) ,isabella1 ab\t #ahdb4 ,resembles ,wild] v closely4 ,pukwana4 7,mont4 ,rup47 ,a se$l+ ( ,vitis monticola cross$ ) ,rupe/ris2 f ,munson4 ,/am5s reflex$2 blooms mid-season2 clu/] small2 b]ry small1 black4 ,pulaski4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,ae/487 ,f ,john ,burr1 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas4 ,v9e vigor\s1 h>dy1 m$ium to productive2 canes long2 t5drils cont9u\s to sometimes int]mitt5t2 foliage l>ge to m$ium2 fl[]s ne>ly f]tile2 /am5s reflex$2 keeps well2 clu/]s small1 incl9$ to %ort1 (t5 ) a small s+le %\ld]1 compact2 b]ries int]m$iate 9 size1 r\ndi%1 d>k purpli%-black cov]$ ) blue bloom2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 adh]es to pulp2 fle% gre5i%1 t5d]1 sweet2 good to v good 9 quality4 ,pulliat4 7,b\rq4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,h]bemont2 f ,m4 ,pulliat1 ( ,france2 receiv$ at ?is ,/ation 9 #ahif4 ,vigor\s1 n h>dy1 v productive2 foliage %[s ,v9if]a1 mildews2 t5drils int]mitt5t2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s l>ge1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ries small1 r\nd1 black2 pulp t5d]1 mod]ately juicy1 ( good flavor2 rip5s ab\t t5 days lat] ?an ,h]bemont4 ,pulpless4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,salem2 f ,c4 ,engle1 ,paw ,paw1 ,mi*igan4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/] l>ge1 %\ld]$1 m$ium 9 compactness2 b]ry l>ge1 black1 oval2 v9\s1 ri*2 quality v good2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,purity4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,a cross betwe5 ,delaw>e & "s native v>iety2 f ,g4 ,w4 ,campbell1 ab\t #ahgj4 ,a :ite grape ( ! ,delaw>e type b a /rong]1 heal?i] gr[]2 foliage l>g] & ?ick]2 bun*es small] ?an ,delaw>e2 b]ries l>g]2 sweet1 ( v f9e quality2 rip5s v e>ly2 difficult to propagate4 ,purple ,bloom4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,culb]t's ,se$l+ ,no4 #f4 ,a se$l+ ( ,h>t=d & ,g5]al ,m>mora2 f ,dr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,m4 ,culb]t1 ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 exhibit$ be=e ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahgg4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 bun*es l>ge1 %[y2 b]ries above m$ium1 purple1 ( good quality4 ,purple ,favorite4 7,ae/47 ,disc>d$ z a wor?less v>iety by ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 9 #ahfd4 ,purple ,m>ion4 ,motti]4 ,not$ by ,w4 ,r4 ,pr9ce 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahfc4 ,putnam4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,ricketts' ,delaw>e ,se$l+ ,no4 #b4 ,a cross betwe5 ,delaw>e & ,concord2 f ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts1 ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 previ\s to #ahga4 ,v9e resembles ,concord m ?an ,delaw>e2 t5drils int]mitt5t2 clu/]s m$ium1 mod]ately compact1 usually s+le-%\ld]$2 b]ries m$ium1 oval1 black1 p]si/5t2 pulp t5d]1 sweet1 good2 rip5s e>ly4 ,quassaic4 7,v94 ,rip4 ,lab47 ,a cross betwe5 ,cl9ton & ,muscat ,hamburg2 f ,ricketts ( ,newburgh1 ab\t #ahgj4 ,usually vigor\s1 productive2 /am5s upright2 bun* l>ge1 %\ld]$1 sometimes d\ble-%\ld]$1 mod]ately compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r\ndi%-oval1 black ) heavy blue bloom2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 slightly v9\s1 ri*1 aromatic2 good2 rip5s soon aft] ,concord4 ,que5 ( ,%eba4 ,s5t out f ,connecticut ab\t #ahfi z a promis+ v>iety b prov$ to be ,diana4 ,qu9nebang4 ,pron\nc$ wor?less by ,pr9ce 9 #ahfc4 ,qu9t9a4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,e>ly ,purple cross$ ) ,jaeg]2 f ,munson 9 #ahig4 ,clu/] l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 /am5s erect2 rip5s late4 ,raabe4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,honey2 ,raabe's ,honey2 ,raabe's ,no4 #c4 ,rais$ by ,pet] ,raabe ( ,philadelphia ab\t #ahej2 suppos$ to be a ,catawba se$l+ b "s say x is a cross betwe5 ,els9burgh & ,bl&4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 prolific2 foliage mu* l ,catawba2 bun*es small1 compact1 r>ely %\ld]$2 b]ries small1 r\nd1 d>k purpli%-r$1 heavy bloom2 pulp sug>y1 v juicy1 v9\s ) ,catawba aroma2 v good2 e>ly4 ,raabe's ,se$l+s4 ,pet] ,raabe1 ( ,philadelphia1 ,p5nsylvania1 ye>s ago orig9at$ sev]al v>ieties ( pure ,v9if]a se$l+s4 ,! be/ kn[n ( ^! 7 ,br9ckle & ,emily4 ,!y 7 unfit = outdoor culture & are n[ long obsolete4 ,raabe orig9at$ native v>ieties z well z ! above m5tion$ ,v9if]a sorts4 ,ra*el4 ,exhibit$ at ! grape %[ 9 ,new ,york 9 #ahfg f ! v9ey>d ( ,rev4 ,j4 ,knox1 ,pittsburg1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,heal?y & vigor\s2 bun* & b]ry m$ium1 :ite2 e>ly4 ,rac9e4 7,l9c47 ,accord+ to ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahhc1 ( simil> orig9 z ,neo%o & at fir/ suppos$ to be ! same grape b aft]w>ds recogniz$ z di/9ct4 ,h>dy1 heal?y1 n v productive2 small pulpy b]ries ( poor quality4 ,ragan4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,reagan4 ,a se$l+ ( ,po/-oak cross$ ) ,triumph2 f ,munson ab\t #ahib4 ,vigor\s & fairly productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s l>ge1 conical1 sometimes %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries m$ium1 r\ndi%1 a little flatt5$2 sk9 mod]ately ?ick1 t\gh1 %9y black ) blue bloom2 pulp r t5d]1 juicy1 "s trace ( ,po/-oak flavor2 fair to good4 ,rais94 ,not$ 9 ! ,ill9ois ,horticultural ,society ,report = #ahig4 ,v productive2 a m$ium-siz$ bun* ) small1 black b]ries ( fair quality4 ,rais9 de ,cote4 ,accord+ to ,pr9ce #ahcj1 ?is is a native ( ,l\isiana ( :i* !re are two v>ieties1 ! m common "o be+ d>k blue1 r\nd ) ?ick sk91 some:at pulpy1 extremely sweet & n musky4 ,ramsey4 7,*amp47 ,"o ( ,munson's1 a v>iety ( ,vitis *amp9i f\nd 9 ,san ,saba ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,clu/] small2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 rip5s e>ly2 self-/]ile4 ,r&all4 ,receiv$ at ?is ,/ation 9 #ahic f ,pet] ,h5d]son & ,company1 ,new ,york1 z a cutt+ ( a se$ sport orig9at+ 9 ! g>d5 ( a ,mr4 ,r&all1 ,bayonne1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,x prov$ to be v simil> if n id5tical ) ,agawam4 ,r>itan4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,ricketts' ,delaw>e ,se$l+ ,no4 #a4 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e cross$ ) ,concord1 f ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts4 ,mod]ately vigor\s1 d\btfully h>dy2 foliage mu* l ,delaw>e2 q productive2 bun* m$ium1 %\ld]$1 resembles ,delaw>e2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 black2 fle% juicy1 sweet1 v9\s2 rip5s ab\t ) ,delaw>e4 ,raut5b]g's ,se$l+s4 ,f4 ,e4 ,l4 ,raut5b]g1 ( ,l9coln1 ,ill9ois1 has orig9at$ _m v>ieties ( grapes4 ,8 v>ieties 7 rais$ f se$ ( v>i\s /&>d v>ieties & are mo/ ( !m second g5]ation hybrids4 ,8 be/ kn[n sorts are3 ,amalia1 ,black ,rose1 ,bism>ck1 ,*icago1 ,cl>issa1 ,cleopatra1 ,hatton & ,moltke4 ,read ,se$l+4 ,f ,m4 ,a4 ,read1 ,port ,dalh\sie1 ,ont>io2 aw>d$ ! fir/ premium at ! ,indu/rial ,fair1 ,toronto1 #ahie1 z ! be/ se$l+ grape4 ,describ$ by ! orig9ator z vigor\s ) heavy foliage simil> to ,concord1 v productive2 bun* l>ge1 well %\ld]$1 v compact2 b]ry ( fair size1 firm1 black2 good2 e>ly4 ,r$ ,bird4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,munson's ,no4 #cc4 ,a cross betwe5 ,l9dley & ,*ampion2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahhh4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy except 9 sev]e w9t]s1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess2 t5drils cont9u\s2 fl[]s /]ile2 /am5s reflex$2 clu/]s m$ium1 usually %\ld]$1 v>iable 9 compactness2 b]ries m$ium1 r\ndi%1 dull d>k r$ ) heavy blue bloom2 sk9 ?ick1 t\gh2 pulp t\gh1 sweet1 juicy1 decid$ly foxy2 good4 ,r$ ,giant4 7,lab47 ,f ,p5nsylvania1 ab\t #ahih4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y1 prolific2 /]ile2 bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry v l>ge2 sk9 ?ick & t\gh1 d>k r$2 pulp t5d]1 sweet1 foxy2 simil> to ,columbian ,imp]ial4 ,r$ ,jacket4 ,f ,william ,m4 ,m>9e4 ,a m$ium-siz$ bun* ) l>ge oval b]ries ( ! ,isabella type4 ,r$ ,juice4 ,m5tion$ by ,adlum 9 #ahbc4 ,said to make a cl>et w9e4 ,r$ ,leaf4 7,rup47 ,a wild ,rupe/ris f\nd 9 ,miss\ri & us$ by ,munson4 ,clu/] v small2 b]ry small1 black2 /am5s reflex$2 rip5s e>ly4 ,r$ ,riesl+4 ,introduc$ by ! ,h]mann ,grape ,nurs]ies1 ,h]mann1 ,miss\ri4 ,describ$ z be+ h>dy & free f rot2 bun*es m$ium2 b]ries d>k r$1 l>ge4 ,r$ ,rov]4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f\nd gr[+ 9 ! v9ey>d ( ,c4 ,w4 ,seelye at ,v9e ,valley1 on ,can&aigua ,lake1 ,new ,york4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y1 fairly productive2 clu/]s l>ge1 %\ld]$1 mod]ately compact2 b]ries m$ium1 r\nd1 resemble ,brighton 9 size & color2 sk9 mod]ately ?ick & t\gh2 pulp t5d]1 sweet1 v9\s1 juicy1 agreeable flavor2 good2 rip5s two weeks lat] ?an ,brighton & is a bett] keep] b n s high 9 quality4 ,r$ ,%ep]d4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,dissem9at$ by a ,mr4 ,e/ell ( ,ru% ,c\nty1 ,indiana4 ,v vigor\s1 resembles ,taylor2 bun*es small & compact2 b]ries small1 r\nd1 r$2 sweet1 v foxy4 ,r$ ,sweet ,wat]4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ exhibit$ at ! ,ohio ,/ate ,fair1 #ahgf1 f ,dr4 ,cl>k ( ,lebanon2 said to be ( s\!rn orig9 & ( ! ,catawba type4 ,reg9a4 ,li/$ among ! grapes on trial 9 ! gov]nm5t exp]im5tal g>d5 9 #ahfc4 ,re9ecke4 7,lab47 ,f ,f4 ,e4 ,l4 ,raut5b]g ( ,l9coln1 ,ill9ois4 ,a se$l+ ( ,woodruff &1 accord+ to ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahid1 n suffici5tly di/9ct to be dissem9at$ z a diff]5t v>iety4 ,re9ike4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,not$ 9 ! ,wiscons9 ,horticultural ,society ,report1 #ahga1 z a vigor\s1 h>dy grape resembl+ ,cl9ton b ) a less compact bun*4 ,reliance4 7,v94 ,b\rq4 ,lab47 ,exhibit$ by ,j4 ,g4 ,burr[s1 ,fi%kill1 ,new ,york1 be=e ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahha2 a probable cross betwe5 ,delaw>e & ,iona4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy & v productive2 bun* resembles ,delaw>e 9 size b n s compact2 b]ry m$ium1 light r$2 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet2 rip5s ) ,delaw>e4 ,r5tz4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,r5tz ,se$l+2 ,riatz4 ,a ,catawba se$l+2 f ,seba/ion ,r5tz1 ( ,c9c9nati4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y1 h>dy1 v productive2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium1 compact1 usually %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 black1 %att] badly2 pulp firm1 sweet1 juicy1 foxy2 e>ly4 ,rh5i%4 ,not$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report1 #ahdi-ej1 z be+ an excell5t v>iety1 gr[n 9 ,ill9ois2 suppos$ to be ( ,european orig91 ?\gh d\btful4 ,ri*mond4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report1 #ahge1 z be+ a v e>ly s\!rn grape4 ,riehl's ,se$l+s4 ,se$l+s orig9at$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,riehl1 ( ,alton1 ,ill9ois4 ,^? te/$ at ?is ,/ation all %[ unmi/akable traces ( ,concord blood & are presumably se$l+s ( t v>iety4 ,! mo/ promis+ ( ^! is ,eclipse1 = a description ( :i* see page #bed4 ,) ! exception ( ,eclipse1 none ( 8 se$l+s has be5 nam$ or introduc$4 ,ries5blatt4 7,ae/47 ,giant ,leaf4 ,a *ance se$l+ f\nd gr[+ 9 ! v9ey>d ( ,m4 ,poes*el at ,h]mann1 ,miss\ri4 ,h>dy1 heal?y1 productive2 ) a v l>ge leaf2 bun* & b]ries small4 ,roanoke ,r$4 7,cord4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,texas1 previ\s to #aijj4 ,v vigor\s2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium1 mod]ately compact2 b]ry m$ium1 r$di%-purple2 fair to good2 rip5s ) ,pockl+ton4 ,rob]t ,wylie4 ,produc$ by ,dr4 ,a4 ,p4 ,wylie1 ,*e/]1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,describ$ 9 ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahhc1 z a great be>] b n q h>dy2 bun* l>ge & long2 b]ry l>ge1 blue2 sk9 ?92 ri* & juicy2 rip5s z late z ,catawba4 ,robeson4 ,f a ,mr4 ,robeson1 ( ,s\? ,texas4 ,resembles ,dev]eaux2 probably a se$l+ ( t v>iety b inf]ior to x 9 e respect4 ,robeson ,se$l+4 ,accord+ to ! ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahid1 id5tical ) ,l\isiana4 ,probably ! same z ,robeson4 ,rob9son ,unnam$ ,se$l+4 7,lab47 ,giv5 9 ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahid1 z an accid5tal se$l+ f\nd by ,mrs4 ,e4 ,mason1 ,lamont1 ,mi*igan1 9 #ahha4 ,mod]ate gr[] ) ,labrusca foliage2 bun* m$ium1 r\nd1 r$di%-amb] ) ?9 :iti% bloom2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 v9\s1 sprightly1 a little foxy1 v good2 rip5s ) ,delaw>e4 ,robu/a4 7,long47 ,a v>iety ( ,vitis longii f\nd 9 ,motley ,c\nty1 ,texas1 & us$ by ,munson4 ,clu/] small2 b]ry small2 self-/]ile2 rip5s e>ly4 ,rock+ham4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,t4 ,b4 ,m9]1 ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,describ$ by ,mitzky1 #ahic1 z h>dy1 vigor\s1 productive2 bun* & b]ry m$ium1 black2 quality l ,concord4 ,rockl& ,favorite4 7,lab47 ,a ,concord se$l+ f ,rockl&1 ,massa*usetts1 introduc$ by ,ellwang] ,b>ry z e>li]1 h>di] & bett] ?an its p>5t4 ,bun* & b]ry l>ge1 black2 sweet1 juicy4 ,ro5beck4 7,v9487 ,a *ance se$l+ orig9at$ on ! gr\nds ( ,jas4 ,w4 ,trask1 ,b]g5 ,po9t1 ,new ,j]sey2 fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahgj4 ,fairly vigor\s1 h>dy1 v productive1 ) t5d5cy to ov]be>2 clu/]s m$ium1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ries m$ium1 r\ndi%1 slightly flatt5$2 sk9 ?91 t\gh1 gre5i% ) yell[i% t+e1 :ite bloom2 pulp ne>ly transp>5t1 melt+1 juicy1 sweet1 v9\s2 fair to good4 ,rog]s' ,no4 #e4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,"o ( ,rog]s' unnam$ hybrids2 a se$l+ ( ,mammo? ,globe cross$ ) ,black ,hamburg4 ,vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 mod]ately productive2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t2 leaves l>ge2 /am5s reflex$2 self-/]ile2 clu/] m$ium size1 r loose1 frequ5tly %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 r\ndi% to oval2 sk9 ?91 t\gh1 d>k r$ to purpli%-black2 slightly foxy & v9\s2 good2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,rog]s' ,no4 #ac4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,p>5tage1 ,mammo? ,globe cross$ ) ,:ite ,*asselas4 ,vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 unc]ta9ly productive2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t2 /am5s upright2 self-f]tile or ne>ly s2 clu/]s m$ium1 r loose2 b]ries l>ge1 r\ndi% to oblate2 sk9 m$ium ?ick1 r t5d]1 d>k r$ to almo/ black2 fle% t5d]1 foxy1 r sweet1 v9\s2 good2 rip5s ) ,concord2 n a good keep]4 ,rog]s' ,no4 #bd4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,p>5ts1 ,mammo? ,globe cross$ ) ,black ,hamburg4 ,vigor\s1 productive1 n always h>dy2 t5drils cont9u\s to int]mitt5t2 /am5s upright2 fl[]s ne>ly self-f]tile2 clu/]s l>ge1 attractive1 %ort1 r broad1 v>iably compact2 b]ries r l>ge1 r\ndi% to slightly oval1 p]si/5t2 sk9 r ?91 r t\gh1 m$ium to light r$2 fle% some:at t\gh1 /r+y1 sweet1 v9\s2 good2 resembles ,goe! & ( ab\t ! same season4 ,rog]s' ,no4 #cb4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a cross ( ,mammo? ,globe & ,black ,hamburg4 ,mod]ately vigor\s1 usually h>dy2 t5drils cont9u\s1 sometimes int]mitt5t2 /am5s upright2 fl[]s p>tly self-f]tile2 clu/] m$ium size1 usually %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge to m$ium1 r\ndi% to slightly oblate2 sk9 r ?ick & t\gh1 d>k r$2 fle% slightly t\gh1 sweet1 v9\s1 musky2 v good2 rip5s aft] ,concord & sometimes unev5ly4 ,rombrill4 7,lab4 ,rip4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a cross ( ,rommel & ,brilliant2 f ,munson 9 #ahig4 ,clu/] l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 yell[2 m$ium e>ly2 self-f]tile4 ,rosalie4 7,lab47 ,"o ( ,e4 ,w4 ,bull's se$l+s1 exhibit$ by him be=e ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahgd4 ,bun* l>ge2 b]ry r$2 v foxy2 %att]s4 ,roscoe4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e cross$ ) ,m>?a2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahhh4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y1 mod]ately productive2 clu/]s resemble ,delaw>e 9 size & %ape2 b]ries m$ium1 ne>ly r\nd1 :ite or pale gre5 ) :ite bloom2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp t\gh1 ne>ly sweet1 sprightly2 good2 rip5s ) ,delaw>e2 self-/]ile4 ,rose4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e f]tiliz$ ) ,iona2 f ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts1 ab\t #ahgc4 ,bun* f\r in*es long1 compact2 b]ries ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 r$di% purple2 sk9 ?ick2 pulp v t5d]1 sprightly2 v good2 "o ( ! e>lie/4 ,roslyn4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,diana cross$ ) ,h>t=d2 f ,c4 ,j4 ,copley1 ,/apleton1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahhj4 ,bun* l>ge1 %\ld]$1 v compact2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 sometimes compress$1 purpli% ) ?9 bloom2 sk9 ?ick2 pulp firm1 sweet ) a /rong musky flavor4 ,ros)]4 7,lab4 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,jewel2 f ,l4 ,h5cke1 ,coll9sville1 ,ill9ois4 ,describ$ by ,mitzky1 9 #ahic1 z v productive & h>dy2 bun* & b]ry m$ium to l>ge2 d>k purpli%1 ne>ly black2 quality f9e2 rip5s ab\t t5 days be=e ,concord4 ,ruby4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ f ,geo4 ,haskell1 ,ipswi*1 ,massa*usetts4 ,h>dy1 v>iable 9 vigor2 some:at subject to rot2 bun* m$ium1 loose2 b]ry above m$ium1 r\nd1 d>k ruby r$2 v good quality2 rip5s ab\t ) ,h>t=d2 /am5s reflex$4 ,ruby4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,rip47 ,a se$l+ ( ,elvira cross$ ) ,brighton2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahij4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y1 n v h>dy2 bun*es imp]fectly fill$1 small1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 dull r$ ) /ripes1 resembl+ ,elvira 9 flavor & texture2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord4 ,ruckl&4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,gr[n 9 ,l\isiana & said to h be5 br\ght f ,engl&4 ,munson pron\nc$ x a ,labrusca-,v9if]a hybrid4 ,v late2 r$4 ,rul&]4 7,b\rq47 ,amoreux2 ,r$ ,elb52 ,/4 ,g5evieve4 ,a s\!rn grape1 by "s claim$ to be a =eign se$l+ br\ght to ?is c\ntry by ! e>ly ,fr5* settl]s2 probably native4 ,vigor\s1 %ort-jo9t$1 heal?y1 n productive nor h>dy2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium1 %\ld]$1 v compact2 b]ry small1 r\ndi%-oval1 purpli%-black2 )\t pulp1 juicy1 sweet & ri*2 makes an excell5t pale r$ w9e closely resembl+ %]ry2 rip5s la/ ( ,july 9 ! ,s\?4 ,rupel4 7,rup4 ,rip4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,rupe/ris poll9at$ by ,july ,tw5ty-fif?2 f ,munson4 ,clu/] small2 b]ry small1 black2 rip5s e>ly2 /am5s upright4 ,rup]t4 7,l9c4 ,rup4 ,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a cross betwe5 ,am]ica & ,brilliant2 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s1 n v h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s m$ium1 sl5d]1 usually %\ld]$1 mod]ately compact2 b]ries m$ium1 ne>ly r\nd1 d>k dull r$di%-black ) blue bloom2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 fle% pale gre51 t5d]1 melt+1 some:at musky1 ) ,po/-oak flavor2 fair2 rip5s ) ,word54 ,ru/l]4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,munson1 ab\t #ahhh2 a se$l+ ( ,l9dley cross$ ) ,m>?a4 ,v9e vigor\s1 n always h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess2 /am5s reflex$2 clu/]s m$ium1 cyl9drical1 compact1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ries m$ium1 r\ndi%2 sk9 m$ium ?ick1 t\gh1 dull light gre5 ) gray bloom1 cov]$ ) scatt]+ russet dots2 pulp pale gre51 t\gh1 /r+y1 foxy1 sweet1 some:at musky2 fair to good2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord4 ,ru/y ,coat4 ,describ$ by ,mississippi ,/ation ,bullet9 ,no4 #ef z heal?y1 fair yield]2 bun*es long1 loose & irregul>2 b]ries m$ium1 black2 good4 ,rutl&4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,ae/47 ,f ,d4 ,s4 ,m>v91 ,wat]t[n1 ,new ,york1 ab\t ?irty ye>s ago2 a se$l+ ( ,eumelan poll9at$ by ,concord4 ,( m$ium vigor1 n v h>dy or productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s m$ium1 %\ld]$1 usually compact2 b]ries small1 r\ndi%1 incl9$ to %att]2 sk9 ?91 some:at t\gh1 d>k r$di%-black ) blue bloom2 fle% t5d] & ne>ly melt+1 v9\s1 sweet2 v good2 rip5s ab\t ) ,word54 ,sag9aw4 ,not$ 9 ,mi*igan ,pomological ,society ,report1 #ahhj1 z a se$l+ f ,g4 ,w+wor?1 ,sag9aw ,city1 ,mi*igan4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 e>ly4 ,/4 ,albans4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,ives cross$ ) ,niag>a2 f ,jacob ,p4 ,bossung1 ,jeff]son ,c\nty1 ,k5tucky1 ab\t #ahhi4 ,fair gr[]1 h>dy1 heal?y2 describ$ z a ,black ,niag>a4 ,/4 ,augu/9e4 7,ae/487 ,not$ 9 ,am]ican ,pomological ,society ,report = #ahgg1 z a native v>iety f ,florida4 ,/4 ,ca!r9e4 7,lab47 ,f ,james ,w4 ,cl>k1 ,fram+ham1 ,massa*usetts1 ab\t #ahfj4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 bun*es l>ge1 r compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 r$2 pulpy1 sweet1 foxy4 ,/4 ,hilaire4 7,rip487 ,f ,alexis ,d]y1 ,/4 ,hilaire1 ,quebec1 be=e #ahib4 ,h>dy1 vigor\s2 clu/] small1 r loose2 b]ry small1 black2 pulp t\gh ) a m>k$ acidity4 ,/4 ,john4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,brighton poll9at$ by ,delaw>e2 f ,h5ry ,b4 ,sp5c]1 ,rocky ,riv]1 ,ohio1 ab\t #ahij4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y1 productive2 foliage l ,delaw>e2 %ort-jo9t$2 fruit resembles ,brighton2 pulp sweet1 meaty1 t5d]1 v9\s2 rip5s ab\t ) ,delaw>e4 ,salabra4 ,describ$ by ,georgia ,exp]im5t ,/ation 9 #aija z weak 9 vigor1 unproductive2 /am5s reflex$2 bun*es irregul>1 v loose2 b]ries small1 black1 ( fair quality2 rip5s ) ,delaw>e2 p]haps same z ,salado4 ,salado4 7,*amp4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,se$l+ ( ,de ,grasset cross$ ) ,brilliant2 f ,munson4 ,resi/ant to dr\ght1 vigor\s1 prolific2 pi/illate2 adapt$ to limy & black soils ( ! ,s\?4 ,sally4 7,b\rq4 ,v94 ,rip47 ,a cross betwe5 ,delaw>e & ,%]man2 f ,d4 ,s4 ,m>v91 ,wat]t[n1 ,new ,york4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y2 bun* small] ?an ,delaw>e2 b]ry same size1 sweet]1 :ite2 v e>ly4 ,salt ,creek4 7,doan47 ,a v>iety ( ,vitis doaniana f\nd by ,munson 9 ,gre] ,c\nty1 ,oklahoma2 /am5s reflex$2 small bun* ) m$ium-siz$ black b]ry2 e>ly2 an excell5t graft /ock4 ,saluda4 ,not$ 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahfj z v vigor\s2 blue1 l>ge2 juicy1 some:at pulpy4 ,salz] ,e>lie/4 7,lab47 ,f ,john ,a4 ,salz]1 ,la ,crosse1 ,wiscons91 9 #ahib4 ,v h>dy1 prolific2 resembles ,concord 9 type b ( bett] quality2 e>ly4 ,samuels4 7,v9487 ,a cross betwe5 a ,v9if]a & a native ,texas species2 exhibit$ by ,bruni ,bro!r1 ,l>$o1 ,texas1 at ! ,columbian ,exposition 9 #ahic4 ,bun* l>ge1 compact1 mu* comp\nd$2 b]ries m$ium1 :ite2 sk9 adh]5t2 flavor n high4 ,sanalba4 7,rot4 ,l9c4 ,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a cross ( ,san ,jac9to & ,brilliant2 f ,munson1 ab\t #aijf4 ,said to be v vigor\s1 prolific2 clu/] l>g] ?an ,scupp]nong2 b]ry l>ge1 :ite1 ri* 9 sug>1 t5d]1 ( good quality2 sk9 ?94 ,sanbornton4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,sanborton4 ,pur*as$ = an ,isabella by ,dr4 ,c>r1 ( ,sanbornton1 ,new ,hamp%ire1 9 #ahbf4 ,said to resemble ,isabella except t x has r\nd] b]ries & rip5s e>li]4 ,san ,jac9to4 7,rot4 ,l9c47 ,a se$l+ ( ,scupp]nong cross$ ) a ,l9cecumii hybrid2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahih4 ,m$ium 9 vigor1 prolific1 heal?y2 /am5s reflex$2 bun* small1 irregul>1 v loose2 b]ry l>ge1 black1 ( fair quality2 rip5s two to ?ree weeks aft] ,scupp]nong4 ,sanmelaska4 7,rot4 ,l9c4 ,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a hybrid ( ,san ,jac9to & ,brilliant2 f ,munson1 ab\t #aijf4 ,said to be v vigor\s1 prolific2 bun* ?ree times z l>ge z ,scupp]nong2 b]ry ab\t same size1 sweet]1 black4 ,sanmonta4 7,b\rq4 ,rip4 ,l9c47 ,a se$l+ ( ,san ,jac9to cross$ ) ,h]bemont2 f ,munson1 ab\t #aijf4 ,vigor\s1 v prolific2 bun* above m$ium2 b]ry black2 v juicy1 melt+1 sprightly2 sk9 ?92 se$s small4 ,sanrubra4 7,rot4 ,l9c4 ,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a cross betwe5 ,san ,jac9to & ,brilliant2 f ,munson1 ab\t #aijf4 ,v vigor\s1 productive2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry n q z l>ge z ,scupp]nong b m p]si/5t2 melt+1 sweet1 ( good quality2 sk9 ?91 t\gh4 ,santa ,cl>a4 7,v94 ,lab4 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( unkn[n p>5tage1 probably ,delaw>e2 f ,j4 ,b4 ,tuck]man1 ,cassville1 ,new ,york1 fir/ fruit$ 9 #aijj4 ,lacks vigor2 /rongly ,v9if]a 9 v9e *>act]s2 t5drils int]mitt5t2 /am5s upright2 fl[]s /]ile2 clu/]s usually s+le-%\ld]$2 b]ries small1 r\ndi%1 light gre5 ) ?9 gray bloom1 p]si/5t1 r s(t2 fair 9 flavor & quality2 sk9 ne>ly ?91 t5d]4 ,saxe ,:ite ,se$l+4 ,f\nd 9 ,catskill ,m\nta9s by ,w4 ,h4 ,saxe1 ,pal5ville1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #aijj4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 rip5s a little be=e ,e>ly ,ohio4 ,s*5ck ,:ite4 ,not$ 9 ,grape ,culturi/1 #ahga1 z suppos$ to h come f ,g]many ab\t #agij4 ,s*ill]4 7,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,l\isiana2 f ,fr$]ick ,mu5*1 ,m>?asville1 ,miss\ri4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 productive2 bun* bel[ m$ium2 b]ries m$ium1 purpli%-blue4 ,s*mitz ,se$l+4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,not$ 9 ,magaz9e ( ,horticulture = #ahec z a se$l+ grape f ,g]h>d ,s*mitz1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,resembles ,isabella closely b may be a little e>li]4 ,s*oonemunk4 7,lab47 ,skunnymunk4 ,a native se$l+ f\nd by ,w4 ,a4 ,woodw>d1 ,mortonville1 ,orange ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahfj1 nam$ aft] a neighbor+ m\nta94 ,said to be h>dy1 productive2 fruit equal 9 size & flavor to ! ,concord2 e>li] 9 rip5+4 ,scott4 ,not$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj z a native ,nor? ,c>ol9a grape f\nd by ,g54 ,john ,scott ( ! same /ate4 ,b]ries m$ium1 r\nd1 :ite1 amb] :5 ripe2 juicy1 ( good flavor2 rip5 late4 ,secunda4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,e>ly ,purple cross$ ) ,brilliant2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahif4 ,/am5s reflex$2 bun* m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 r$2 e>ly4 ,se$l94 7,rot47 ,not$ 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a ,/ation ,bullet9 ,no4 #acb1 #aijg1 z m$ium 9 vigor1 v productive2 fl[]s p]fect2 bun*es conta9 ?ree to six r$di%-black b]ries2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 slightly acid1 ( good quality2 sk9 ?ick4 ,selma4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,elvira probably cross$ ) ,concord2 f ,g4 ,segessman1 ,amazonia1 ,miss\ri2 fir/ m5tion$ ab\t #ahij4 ,h>dy1 productive1 heal?y2 bun*es l>ge1 p]fect1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 black1 adh]5t2 juicy1 sprightly1 pleasant flavor$2 sk9 ?ick2 rip5s a few days aft] ,moore ,e>ly4 ,s5eca4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,h>t=d2 fir/ exhibit$ at ,hammondsport1 ,new ,york1 9 #ahfg by ,r4 ,simpson1 ,g5eva1 ,new ,york4 ,simil> to its p>5t4 ,s5eca4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,john ,burr1 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas2 m5tion$ 9 ,miss\ri ,horticultural ,society ,report 9 #ahib4 ,v vigor\s1 n q h>dy1 heal?y1 productive2 bun* l>ge1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 r$1 ) slight bloom2 t5d]1 juicy1 sprightly1 sweet1 ( ,catawba flavor2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 rip5s aft] ,concord4 ,septimia4 7,l9c4 ,v94 ,lab4 ,b\rq487 ,f ,munson1 9 #ahig2 a cross betwe5 ,e>ly ,purple & ,c>man4 ,/am5s erect2 bun* l>ge ) m$ium-siz$1 black b]ries2 late4 ,sew>d4 ,a se$l+ f ,s4 ,v4 ,smi?1 ,syracuse1 ,new ,york2 exhibit$ z a new v>iety be=e ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahhj4 ,bun* m$ium1 compact1 frequ5tly %\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 color ( ,catawba2 sweet1 juicy1 ri*1 n adh]5t2 sk9 m$ium ?ick4 ,%ala4 7,l9c4 ,rup4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,am]ica cross$ ) ,beacon2 f ,munson1 9 #ahii4 ,vigor\s1 prolific2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 black1 t5d]1 juicy1 delici\s2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord4 ,%>on4 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,a se$l+ ( ,adirondac2 introduc$ by ,d4 ,s4 ,m>v91 ,wat]t[n1 ,new ,york4 ,resembles its p>5t b is sweet]1 h>di]1 m reliable2 rip5s at ! same "t4 ,%>p ,beak4 7,rup4 ,rip4 ,lab47 ,f ,munson2 p>5ts1 ,vitis rupe/ris cross$ ) ,elvira4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] & b]ry small1 black2 e>ly4 ,%elley ,se$l+4 ,a se$l+ f ,daniel ,%elley1 ,cumb]l& ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 exhibit$ 9 #ahgi4 ,fruit m$ium 9 size1 ( ,catawba color & ( v good flavor4 ,%epp>d ,delaw>e4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,not$ by ,d[n+ 9 #ahfi z a se$l+ ( ,catawba f ,j4 ,n4 ,%epp>d1 9 #ahec4 ,! v9e & fruit are simil> 9 all respects to ,delaw>e4 ,%epp]d4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ f ,e4 ,w4 ,bull1 ,concord1 ,massa*usetts2 exhibit$ 9 #ahgd be=e ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society4 ,bun* & b]ry m$ium1 black1 n adh]5t4 ,%]man4 7,rip47 ,resembles ,lyman 9 mo/ *>act]s & by "s consid]$ synonym\s4 ,poor be>]2 /am5s imp]fect2 rip5s e>li] ?an ,h>t=d4 ,%]uah4 7,l9c4 ,rup4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,am]ica f]tiliz$ by ,r4 ,w4 ,munson2 f ,munson1 9 #ahii4 ,describ$ by orig9ator z vigor\s & prolific2 clu/] v l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 black & h&some2 sk9 ?9 & t\gh2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 delici\s2 m$ium late season4 ,resembles ,concord 9 type ( clu/] & g5]al appe>ance b is sup]ior 9 ! texture & flavor ( ! pulp4 ,%ull ,no4 #b4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a *ance se$l+ ( unkn[n p>5tage2 f ,j4 ,%ull1 ,ilion1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahib4 ,v vigor\s1 heal?y1 productive2 /am5s long2 clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 compact1 cyl9drical2 b]ry m$ium1 r\ndi%-oblong2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 pale gre5 cov]$ ) ?9 bloom2 pulp t5d]1 releases se$s readily1 sweet2 good b n equal to ,w9*ell2 e>ly4 ,%urtleff ,se$l+4 ,lilac4 ,a *ance se$l+1 probably f a =eign grape1 f\nd 9 ! g>d5 ( ,dr4 ,s4 ,a4 ,%urtleff1 ( ,pemb]ton ,hill1 ne> ,bo/on1 9 #ahbb4 ,bun*es l>ge1 %\ld]$2 b]ries ne>ly l>ge1 oval2 sk9 ?ick1 light purple or lilac1 ) a spott$ appe>ance1 grayi% bloom2 pulp firm1 sweet1 ri*2 v good2 rip5s e>ly 9 ,septemb]4 ,sigl>4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly1 #ahfi1 z a new v>iety resembl+ ,delaw>e b ) fruit twice z l>ge4 ,comp>atively h>dy1 productive2 ri* & sweet4 ,silkyf9e4 7,lab4 ,rip4 ,v947 ,a cross ( ,"o ,se$ ) ,rommel2 f ,munson1 9 #ahih4 ,/am5s erect2 bun* m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 :ite2 late4 ,silva94 7,doan47 ,a wild /am9ate v>iety ( ,vitis doaniana f\nd 9 ,gre] ,c\nty1 ,oklahoma1 by ,munson4 ,x furni%es an excell5t graft /ock4 ,silv] ,dawn4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,israella f]tiliz$ ) ,muscat ,hamburg1 ( ! same lot ( se$ z ,e>ly ,dawn2 f ,dr4 ,wm4 ,a4 ,m4 ,culb]t1 ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahgg4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 :ite2 be/4 ,s9awissa4 ,not$ 9 ! ,wiscons9 ,horticultural ,society ,report1 #ahgf1 z a grape ( delici\s flavor b n to be recomm5d$ = g5]al cultivation4 ,sloe4 7,rot47 ,a v>iety ( ,vitis rotundifolia :i*1 accord+ to ,pr9ce1 #ahcj1 is probably ! orig9al v9e :5ce ! improv$ v>ieties ( its race h emanat$1 b inf]ior to all ! o!rs4 ,! fruit is s\r & sc>cely eatable1 & ( a d>k purple or black color4 ,small ,leaf4 7,rup47 ,a wild v>iety ( ,vitis rupe/ris f\nd by ,munson 9 ,texas4 ,/am5s reflex$2 clu/] v small2 b]ry small1 black2 v e>ly4 ,smallwood4 ,a native ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a2 f ,e4 ,smallwood4 ,accord+ to ,pr9ce1 #ahcj1 ! fruit is ab\t half ! size ( ! ,muscatel1 & is mu* e/eem$ = mak+ w9e4 ,snelt]4 ,m5tion$ by ,mitzky1 #ahic1 z a se$l+ ( ,rip>ia cross$ ) ,concord2 f ,l4 ,snelt]1 ,c>v]1 ,m9nesota4 ,sn[flake4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,accord+ to ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahid1 a se$l+ ( ,jewel1 f ,dr4 ,j4 ,k4 ,/ayman4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy & productive2 bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry l>ge1 :ite2 t5d] b firm1 juicy1 sprightly1 v9\s1 sweet2 ( v good quality2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord4 ,sol&] ,l>ge ,purple4 ,accord+ to ,pr9ce1 #ahcj1 a v>iety highly e/eem$ 9 ,miss\ri1 f :i* place x 0 receiv$ by him4 ,solrupo4 7,long4 ,l9c4 ,rup47 ,a cross betwe5 ,vitis longii & a se$l+ ( ,l9cecumii cross$ ) ,rupe/ris2 f ,munson4 ,/am5s reflex$2 bun* & b]ry small1 black2 e>ly4 ,som]ville4 ,a l>ge-b]ri$ v>iety1 gr[+ 9 ! v9ey>d ( ,sidney ,well]1 ,br9kleyville1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 9 #ahde4 ,sophia4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord f]tiliz$ ) ,iona2 f ,d4 ,j4 ,pip]1 ,=re/on1 ,ogle ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 ab\t #ahhj4 ,equal to ,concord 9 h>d9ess1 v productive2 clu/]s compact2 b]ries hav+ ! ri* v9\s nature ( ! ,iona & ! sweetness ( ! ,concord2 rip5s ) ,concord & is a good keep]4 ,s\l&4 7,rip47 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,ill9ois ,horticultural ,society ,report1 #ahfh1 z a good w9t] grape1 resembl+ ,cl9ton2 exhibit$ by ,john ,h4 ,tice be=e ! ,mississippi ,valley ,grape ,gr[]s' ,association 9 t ye>4 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,accord+ to ,w>d]1 #ahfg1 f ,ohio4 ,vigor\s2 bun* l>ge2 b]ry small1 black2 juicy1 spicy2 v promis+4 ,s\!rn ,*ampion4 ,exhibit$ by ,/eph5 ,h4 ,%allcross ( ,l\isville1 ,k5tucky1 at ! fruit %[ ( ! ,s\!rn ,exposition 9 ,l\isville4 ,sp5c]4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,wells2 ,wells ,:ite4 ,not$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report1 #ahfa1 z an accid5tal cross betwe5 ,sweetwat] & ,isabella4 ,sp9osa4 7,lab47 ,a wild v>iety ( ,vitis labrusca f ,nor? ,c>ol9a2 collect$ by ,munson4 ,/am5s reflex$2 bun* v small2 b]ries l>ge1 black2 mid-season4 ,spott$ ,globe4 ,accord+ to ,full]1 #ahfg1 a hybrid f ,jacob ,moore1 ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york4 ,v feeble2 fle% sweet1 v t5d]2 good4 ,spr+field4 7,lab47 ,accord+ to ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahid1 a se$l+ ( ,nor!rn ,muscad9e2 f ,w4 ,h4 ,lightfoot1 ,spr+field1 ,ill9ois4 ,/rong1 heal?y & h>dy2 bun* m$ium to l>ge1 v compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r$di%-br[n becom+ d>k br[n :5 fully ripe2 pulpy yet juicy & v sweet2 rip5s ab\t a week be=e ,concord4 ,/ace ,:ite4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,an unnam$ se$l+ f ,s4 ,/ace1 ,b>n>d ,cross+1 ,monroe ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,a cross betwe5 ,delaw>e & ,isabella2 ! v9e closely resembles ,rebecca 9 foliage1 habit & fruit4 ,/elton4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,w4 ,?ompson1 ( ,new ,brunswick1 ab\t #ahhb4 ,bun* l>ge1 %\ld]$1 r loose2 b]ries m$ium1 gre5i%-:ite ) :ite bloom2 pulp juicy1 sweet2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,/]l+4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,e4 ,p4 ,fi%]1 ,/]l+1 ,kansas1 ab\t #aijd4 ,mod]ate gr[]1 heal?y & h>dy2 bun* small to m$ium1 irregul> 9 %ape2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd2 rip5s ) ,concord2 good keep]4 ,/etson's ,se$l+s4 ,f ,amos ,/etson1 ( ,ea/ ,bra9tree1 ,massa*usetts1 ab\t sixty ye>s ago4 ,no4 #a4 ,see ,cabot4 ,no4 #b4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a r$ native ,labrusca cross$ ) ,grizzly ,frontignan4 ,b]ries ne>ly :ite1 ) a little t+e ( blu%4 ,no4 #c4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a native r$ ,labrusca f]tiliz$ by ,grizzly ,frontignan4 ,resembles ,no4 #b b has l>g] b]ries4 ,no4 #d4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a r$ native ,labrusca cross$ ) ,black ,hamburg4 ,rip5s e>ly 9 ,septemb]1 f\rte5 days soon] ?an ,isabella4 ,no4 #e4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a cross betwe5 a native r$ ,labrusca & ,sweetwat]4 ,resembles ,sweetwat] v closely2 color d>k blue4 ,/orm ,k+4 7,lab47 ,a sport ( ,concord2 f ,e4 ,p4 ,roe1 ,cornwall-on-,hudson1 ,new ,york4 ,resembles its p>5t 9 all respects except t ! b]ries are ab\t twice z l>ge & are less foxy4 ,/rawb]ry4 ,accord+ to ,cole1 #ahdi1 f ,col4 ,l4 ,*ase1 ,corni%1 ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,bun* & b]ry small2 pleasant1 sub-acid flavor4 ,/rip$ ,ruby4 ,munson's ,no4 #ac4 ,"o ( ,munson's se$l+s on trial at ! ,virg9ia ,exp]im5t ,/ation 9 #ahic4 ,success4 7,l9c4 ,rup4 ,b\rq47 ,p>5tage1 ,po/-oak1 ,rupe/ris & ,b\rqu9iana2 f ,munson4 ,not$ 9 ! ,rural ,new ,york] = #aija4 ,v vigor\s & highly prolific2 clu/] size ( ,concord1 compact2 b]ries v>iable 9 size f small to above m$ium2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 v sweet & ri*1 ( ! be/ quality4 ,sug> ,grape4 7,lab47 ,a wild v>iety ( ,vitis labrusca2 gr[s 9 great abundance ne> ,plym\?1 ,massa*usetts4 ,gr[? mod]ate1 %ort-jo9t$2 heal?y2 bun*es & b]ries ( m$ium size1 r\nd & flat2 v sweet4 ,sug> ,grape4 7,rot47 ,a v>iety ( ! ,scupp]nong family1 cultivat$ by ,l4 ,froeli*1 ( ,enfield1 ,halifax ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report1 #ahga1 z hav+ a sac*>9e /r5g? ( #hj4 ,summ] ,:ite4 7,lab47 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,magaz9e ( ,horticulture1 #ahed1 z hav+ be5 f\nd wild2 rip5s ! la/ ( ,july & 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]2 decid$ly sup]ior to ,isabella4 ,sumn]4 ,not$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,horticultural ,annual = #ahga z a se$l+ rais$ by ,p4 ,/ew>t1 ( ,mt4 ,lebanon1 ,new ,york4 ,sunrise4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,f ,jos4 ,ba*man1 ,altus1 ,arkansas1 ab\t #ahig2 se$l+ ( ,brilliant4 ,describ$ by ! orig9ator z a /rong gr[]2 bun*es r op52 b]ries r$2 sk9 t5d]2 be/2 t5 days to two weeks e>li] ?an ,delaw>e4 ,sup]ior4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,jewel2 f ,john ,burr ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 ab\t #ahij4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y & productive2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium1 mod]ately compact2 b]ry m$ium1 black ) heavy bloom2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp t5d]1 ri*1 sweet1 v9\s1 sprightly2 v good2 rip5s a few days lat] ?an ,jewel4 ,supreme4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a ,delaw>e se$l+2 f ,john ,burr1 ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 ab\t #ahij4 ,v>iable 9 vigor & productiv5ess1 h>dy1 heal?y2 /am5s upright2 clu/] m$ium1 usually compact2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 t5d]1 sweet1 sprightly1 v9\s2 quality bett] ?an ,jewel & ab\t a week e>li]4 ,swat>a4 ,f ,p5nsylvania2 accord+ to ,horticulturi/1 #aheh1 ?is v>iety 0 discov]$ _m ye>s ago 9 a rav9e ?r\gh :i* ! ,swat>a ,riv] fl[$4 ,bun* & b]ry bel[ m$ium size1 compact2 sweet2 e>ly4 ,sweetey4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,munson's ,no4 #aaa4 ,a se$l+ ( ,l9cecumii f]tiliz$ ) ,h]bemont2 f ,munson4 ,v vigor\s1 t5d]1 a %y be>]2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ry small1 r\nd1 d>k purple or black ) heavy bloom2 sk9 ?91 t5d]2 pulp l>ge & t\gh2 r poor quality2 a few days e>li] ?an ,concord4 ,taft4 ,giv5 by ,pr9ce 9 a li/ ( wor?less v>ieties 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly1 #ahfc4 ,talala4 7,lab4 ,rip4 ,c&4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a cross betwe5 ,elvic& & ,brilliant2 f ,munson4 ,an attractive compact bun* ) l>ge r$ b]ries ( r t\gh pulp2 n high quality4 ,talequah4 7,b\rq4 ,rup4 ,l9c47 ,a se$l+ ( ,am]ica cross$ ) ,h]bemont2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahie4 ,clu/]s l>ge1 conical2 b]ries m$ium1 d>k r$2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 )\t pulp1 melt+1 juicy2 ne>ly z good z ,delaw>e2 late4 ,tamala4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,delago cross$ ) ,gov]nor ,ross2 f ,munson2 fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahii4 ,mod]ately vigor\s2 /am5s erect2 bun* & b]ry m$ium1 yell[i%-:ite2 good2 rip5s mid-season 9 ,texas4 ,tekoma4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,not$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,horticultural ,annual1 #ahgj1 z a ,miss\ri se$l+ ( ,catawba1 m heal?y ?an t v>iety4 ,t5d]pulp4 7,rot47 ,a ,rotundifolia1 orig9at$ ab\t #ahgj4 ,vigor\s1 v productive2 /am5s reflex$2 b]ries m$ium1 black1 9 clu/]s ( f\r to twelve2 sk9 t\gh2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 sweet2 poor2 rip5s ab\t a mon? aft] ,scupp]nong4 ,t5-,doll>-,prize4 7,l9c47 ,a wild ,po/-oak grape f\nd by a ,mr4 ,hopk9s1 ( ,texas1 ab\t #ahhc4 ,us$ by ,munson z "o ( ! p>5ts 9 a numb] ( 8 crosses4 ,t5nessee4 ,not$ z on trial 9 ! gov]nm5t exp]im5tal g>d5 9 #ahfj4 ,t5nessee ,isl&4 ,a wild grape gr[+ 9 great abundance on ! isl&s 9 ! ,t5nessee ,riv]4 ,v simil> to ,scupp]nong & ,pr9ce says x is q probable x may be ! g5u9e ,scupp]nong4 ,texas4 7,l9c47 ,div]se ,leav$4 ,a v>iety ( grape receiv$ by ,pr9ce ab\t #ahcj f ! bord] ( ,texas ) leaves v v>iable 9 =m2 produces a great abundance ( v good grapes4 ,texas4 7,l9c47 ,accord+ to ,pr9ce1 #ahcj1 a l>ge1 slightly r$di% fruit1 v juicy1 sweet1 ) little or no pulpy coh]5ce4 ,texas4 7,b\rq47 ,munson's ,no4 #aha4 ,a ,h]bemont se$l+2 f ,munson ( ,texas4 ,v>iable 9 vigor2 /am5s upright2 bun*es small1 compact2 b]ries small1 black2 good2 rip5s ) ,h]bemont4 ,texas ,highl&4 7,l9c4 ,v94 ,lab47 ,munson's ,no4 #acj4 ,a se$l+ ( ,po/-oak cross$ ) ,agawam2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahhe4 ,vigor\s1 n v productive2 /am5s erect2 bun* m$ium1 loose2 b]ries m$ium to l>ge1 black2 juicy1 ri* & pleasant2 late4 ,!mis4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,salem2 f ,c4 ,engle1 ,paw ,paw1 ,mi*igan4 ,accord+ to ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahid1 a /rong gr[]1 h>dy1 productive2 bun* m$ium1 %ort1 compact1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 ,catawba-color$2 meaty1 firm2 good2 rip5s ) ,word54 ,consid]$ by "s same z ,metis4 ,!odosia4 7,lab48 ,rip487 ,a *ance se$l+ orig9at+ on ! gr\nds ( ,e4 ,s4 ,salisbury1 ,adams1 ,new ,york1 9 #ahfb4 ,h>dy & productive2 bun* m$ium1 v compact1 usually %\ld]$2 b]ries m$ium1 black2 juicy1 q t>t2 v e>ly4 ,!ophile4 7,lab47 ,f ,!ophile ,hub]1 ,ill9ois ,city1 ,ill9ois4 ,bun* m$ium1 compact1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge1 yell[i%-:ite2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 v9\s2 v good2 rip5s be=e ,concord4 ,?omas4 7,rot47 ,a v>iety ( ,rotundifolia discov]$ 9 ! woods ne> ,m>ion1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 by ,drury ,?omas1 ab\t #ahde4 ,vigor\s1 v productive2 /am5s erect2 b]ries gr[+ 9 clu/]s ( f f\r to t52 v l>ge2 sk9 ?91 v>ies 9 color f a r$di%-purple to a deep black2 pulp t5d]1 sweet1 v9\s2 good to v good2 rip5s ab\t ) ,scupp]nong or a little e>li]4 ,"o ( ! be/ ( ?is species = w9e4 ,?ompson's ,se$l+s4 ,! foll[+ se$l+s 7 orig9at$ ab\t tw5ty ye>s ago by ,jos4 ,t4 ,?ompson ( ,oneida1 ,new ,york3 ,no4 #b4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,brighton1 resembl+ x v closely1 fully equal 9 quality &1 s f> z te/$1 e>li] & a bett] keep]4 ,no4 #c4 ,a :ite grape ( unkn[n p>5tage4 ,no4 #d4 ,a *ance se$l+2 e>ly1 black & l>ge4 ,no4 #e4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,word5 & fruit some:at ( ! same type4 ,clu/]s m$ium1 loose2 b]ries ne>ly l>ge1 r\ndi%1 r$di%-purple ) ?9 bloom2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp r t\gh1 juicy1 sweet1 n foxy2 good2 /am5s reflex$2 %[s ,v9if]a2 late4 ,no4 #g4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,agawam4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y2 clu/]s ne>ly l>ge1 compact2 b]ries m$ium to l>ge1 r\nd2 sk9 ?ick1 t\gh1 dull d>k r$ ) blue bloom2 pulp sweet1 r t\gh1 v9\s2 good2 late4 ,?ompson's ,se$l+s4 ,a l>ge numb] ( se$l+s 7 rais$ by ,david ,?ompson1 ( ,gre5 ,isl&1 9 ! ,hudson ,riv]1 ne> ,troy1 ab\t =ty ye>s ago4 ,ne>ly all are ( ,v9if]a p>5tage & consequ5tly ( little value = op5 v9ey>d culture4 ,among 8 nam$ se$l+s are3 ,david ,?ompson1 ,g5]al ,grant1 ,l4 ,h4 ,tupp]1 ,na?an ,c4 ,ely1 ,a4 ,b4 ,cr&all1 ,bonticue1 ,e>ly ,augu/1 ,william ,tell1 ,lav9a1 ,el5or1 ,jas4 ,m4 ,ket*um4 ,?ompson ,r$ ,se$l+4 ,accord+ to ,grape ,culturi/1 #ahfi1 f a ,mr4 ,?ompson1 orig9ator ( ! ,miss\ri ,mammo? blackb]ry1 said to be a ,concord se$l+ b be>s a /rong resemblance to "s ( ,rog]s' hybrids4 ,?ompson ,w9e4 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,receiv$ by ! ,magaz9e ( ,horticulture 9 #ahfe f ,mr4 ,r4 ,o4 ,?ompson1 ( ,nebraska4 ,bun* & b]ry resembl+ ,isabella 9 %ape2 black4 ,ti%om+o4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,delago cross$ ) ,gov]nor ,irel&2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahii4 ,/am5s erect2 bun* m$ium ) l>ge black b]ry2 rip5s mid-season4 ,togni4 7,ae/47 ,a se$l+ ( ,/4 ,augu/9e cultivat$ 9 ,florida ab\t ?irty ye>s ago4 ,tonkawa4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,delago cross$ ) ,brilliant2 f ,munson1 ( ,texas1 ab\t #ahii4 ,vigor\s1 ne>ly h>dy1 productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s m$ium1 r sl5d]1 %\ld]$1 v>iable 9 compactness2 b]ries n uni=m 9 size1 oval1 dull d>k r$ ) lilac bloom2 sk9 mod]ately ?ick & t\gh2 pulp slightly t\gh1 v9\s1 sweet2 good2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,transp>5t4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,a ,taylor se$l+2 f ,jacob ,rommel1 ( ,miss\ri1 ab\t #ahhj4 ,v9e vigor\s1 heal?y1 mod]ately productive2 /am5s upright2 bun* small1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ry v juicy1 sweet2 good2 rip5s a few days be=e ,concord4 ,trask4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,! ,bu%b]g ,catalogue says1 a *ance se$l+ t fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahge4 ,introduc$ by ,pet] ,h5d]son & ,company4 ,heal?y2 leaves smoo?2 bun*es l>ge1 long1 (t5 %\ld]$2 b]ries m$ium to l>ge1 br[n or blui%-black2 t5d]1 melt+1 v sweet1 v9\s2 rip5s be=e ,concord4 ,triumphant4 ,a failure at ! ,ont>io ,exp]im5tal ,f>m :]e x 0 te/$ 9 #ahhf4 ,troll+]4 ,m5tion$ 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahei z be+ on trial 9 ! gov]nm5t exp]im5tal g>d54 ,tr[bridge4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,accord+ to ,am]ican ,horticultural ,annual1 #ahgj1 a sport f ! ,isabella ) mu* l>g] bun*es & b]ries ?an ^? ( its p>5t4 ,troy4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,purple ,hamburgh ( ,troy2 ,troy ,hamburg4 ,describ$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj z h>dy1 vigor\s1 productive2 b]ries l>ge1 oval1 a little foxy1 pleasant2 v good2 simil> to ,isabella4 ,tryone4 7,lab4 ,rip4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,f a cross by ,munson betwe5 ,"o ,se$ & ,rommel1 ab\t #ahig4 ,/am5s erect2 bun* & b]ry l>ge1 :ite2 v late4 ,tuck]man4 ,f ,j4 ,b4 ,tuck]man1 ,cassville1 ,oneida ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahgj4 ,a :ite grape4 ,tuskahoma4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a memb] ( ,munson's ,delago family1 ! male p>5t be+ ,brilliant2 fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s erect2 bun* & b]ry l>ge1 transluc5t r$2 equal to ,brighton 9 quality2 e>ly4 ,u4 ,b4 ,"o ( ,m>9e's se$l+s2 a black grape1 ( ,labrusca type4 ,uhl&4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,taylor2 f ,wm4 ,weidmey]1 ,h]mann1 ,miss\ri4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y1 usually a %y be>]2 /am5s erect2 bun* m$ium1 ne>ly cyl9drical1 compact1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 slightly oblong1 gre5i%-yell[ ) ?9 bloom2 sk9 ?91 t5d]1 cracks2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 pleasant2 good2 rip5s a few days lat] ?an ,concord2 subject to rot 9 "s sections2 makes a v good w9e4 ,ull] ,mammo?4 ,report$ by ! ,t5nessee ,exp]im5t ,/ation 9 #ahid z an exce$+ly l>ge grape ( inf]ior quality2 a vigor\s v9e4 ,ulrey4 ,m5tion$ by ,w>d] 9 #ahfg4 ,f ,indiana2 m$ium bun* ) l>ge :ite b]ry2 sweet1 ri*4 ,una4 7,lab47 ,a ,:ite ,concord se$l+2 f ,e4 ,w4 ,bull1 ab\t #ahfg4 ,heal?y & vigor\s2 bun* & b]ries m$ium2 resembles ,m>?a b n s sweet & m foxy2 rip5s a week be=e ,concord4 ,und]hill4 7,lab47 ,und]hill's ,cele/ial2 ,und]hill's ,se$l+4 ,a v>iety ( ! wild ,fox grape2 f ,dr4 ,a4 ,k4 ,und]hill1 ,*>lton1 ,s>atoga ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahfc4 ,( m$ium vigor1 h>dy1 heal?y & productive2 /am5s reflex$2 bun*es m$ium to l>ge1 cyl9drical1 frequ5tly %\ld]$1 mod]ately compact2 b]ries l>ge1 usually r\ndi%1 d>k dull r$ ) lilac bloom1 incl9$ to drop :5 ripe2 sk9 ?ick1 t\gh1 v a/r+5t2 pulp t\gh1 sweet1 foxy1 mod]ately juicy1 fair2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord2 ( ! ,wyom+ type b inf]ior to t v>iety4 ,und9e4 7,lab4 ,rip47 ,f ,j4 ,h4 ,ricketts2 a se$l+ ( ,concord & ,cl9ton2 vigor\s & heal?y2 bun* l>ge1 %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 yell[i%-:ite :5 fully ripe2 sprightly1 v good4 ,univ]sal4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,rup47 ,a se$l+ ( ,am]ica cross$ ) ,pr(usion2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahig4 ,/am5s erect2 bun* l>ge ) m$ium-siz$ black b]ry2 equal to ,concord 9 quality2 v late4 ,urbana4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,indiana4 ,bun* m$ium1 %\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge1 :ite2 juicy1 v9\s1 n v sweet2 rip5s ab\t ) ,isabella4 ,ursula4 7,lab47 ,accord+ to ,mitzky1 #ahic1 produc$ by ,t4 ,hub]1 ,sr41 ,ill9ois4 ,bun* small1 compact2 b]ries small1 :ite2 fle% melt+1 juicy & sweet2 f9e quality2 vigor\s gr[]2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,val5cia4 ,gr[n by ,munson f se$ secur$ 9 ,s\? ,spa91 ne> ,val5cia4 ,describ$ by ! orig9ator z vigor\s1 %ort-jo9t$2 heal?y1 a light cropp]2 clu/] small1 %\ld]$1 v compact2 b]ry small1 br[ni%-r$2 pulp melt+1 juicy1 v sweet & f9e4 ,munson gives ! species z ,b\rqu9iana4 ,val5t9e4 ,augu/ ,isabella4 ,m5tion$ by ,pr9ce 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahfc4 ,valhallah4 7,lab4 ,c&4 ,rip4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,f ,munson1 ab\t #aijb2 a hybrid ( ,elvic& & ,brilliant4 ,describ$ by ! orig9ator z a v vigor\s1 dr\?-endur+1 prolific v9e2 clu/] m$ium2 b]ry l>ge1 bright cle> r$2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp juicy1 t5d]1 ne>ly equal+ ,brilliant 9 quality2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord4 ,valv]de4 7,*amp4 ,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,f ,munson2 a se$l+ ( ,de ,grasset f]tiliz$ ) ,brilliant4 ,/am5s erect2 bun* & b]ry l>ge2 rip5s mid-season 9 ,texas4 ,van ,deman4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,v947 ,f ,texas2 a cross ( ,l9cecumii & ,triumph4 ,vigor\s2 /am5s erect2 bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 poor to good2 rip5s ab\t two weeks aft] ,catawba4 ,v&]burgh4 ,not$ 9 ,record ( ,horticulture = #ahfh z a new & promis+ v>iety f ,lans+burg1 ,new ,york2 n yet s5t out4 ,v5ango4 7,lab47 ,m9or's ,se$l+4 ,accord+ to ,bu*anan 7,mss471 an old v>iety1 said to h be5 cultivat$ by ! ,fr5* at ,=t ,v5ango1 on ,allegh5y ,riv]1 ov] a c5tury ago4 ,v vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y & usually productive2 /am5s erect2 bun* m$ium1 compact2 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ries m$ium1 r\nd or sometimes flatt5$ by compactness2 sk9 ?ick & t\gh1 pale r$ ) :ite bloom2 fle% sweet1 aromatic2 pulpy & foxy2 rip5s ab\t ) ,concord4 ,v]mont4 ,li/$ by ,pr9ce 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly1 #ahfc1 z a wor?less sort4 ,v]mont ,giant4 7,lab47 ,f ,c4 ,g4 ,pr+le ( ,*>lotte1 ,v]mont4 ,not$ 9 ! ,we/]n ,new ,york ,horticultural ,society ,report1 #ahhb1 z a black1 v pulpy grape ) poor flavor4 ,v]morel4 7,*amp47 ,a wild v>iety ( ,vitis *amp9i f ,williamson ,c\nty1 ,texas2 collect$ by ,munson4 ,/am5s reflex$2 bun* small ) m$ium-siz$ black b]ry2 e>ly4 ,ve/a4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,salem2 f ,c4 ,engle1 ,paw ,paw1 ,mi*igan4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 /am5s upright2 bun*es m$ium to l>ge1 long1 %\ld]$1 mod]ately compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 gre5i%-:ite2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 v9\s1 ri*2 v good2 ab\t a week lat] ?an ,concord4 ,viala4 7,*amp47 ,a wild v>iety ( ,vitis *amp9i1 f ,coryell ,c\nty1 ,texas2 collect$ by ,munson4 ,/am5s reflex$2 bun* small2 b]ry m$ium1 black2 e>ly4 ,vialla4 7,rip47 ,accord+ to ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahhc1 a ,franco-,am]ican v>iety1 recomm5d$ z a graft+ /ock2 resembles ! ,frankl9 & is by "s suppos$ to be ! same v>iety2 o!rs cont5d t x is di/9ct f & sup]ior to ,frankl94 ,victoria4 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,mod]ately vigor\s1 op51 heal?y2 bun* v small1 %ort & ?ick2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 d>k purple1 sc>cely black1 ) ?9 bloom2 sk9 t5d]2 pulp t5d] b /r+y1 juicy1 mild acid1 )\t decid$ "*2 poor2 ab\t a week lat] ?an ,concord4 ,victoria4 7,lab47 ,ray's ,victoria4 ,introduc$ 9 #ahgb by ,m4 ,m4 ,samuels1 ( ,cl9ton1 ,k5tucky4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y1 & productive2 bun* m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 amb] color2 sk9 ?92 pulp t5d]1 sweet & ( high flavor2 v good2 resembles ,v5ango4 ,v9e ,arbor4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report1 #ahde1 z be+ gr[n at ,br9kleyville1 ,halifax ,c\nty1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 at t "t4 ,s call$ on acc\nt ( its v l>ge leaf & ext5d$ gr[?1 consequ5tly adapt$ = arbors4 ,v9ita4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,po/-oak cross$ ) ,h]bemont2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahhe4 ,v vigor\s1 productive2 /am5s erect2 bun* l>ge1 conical1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries small to m$ium1 purple2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp juicy1 melt+2 be/2 v late4 ,v9r\ge4 7,lab4 ,ae/4 ,v94 ,b\rq4 ,rup4 ,l9c47 ,f a cross betwe5 ,am]ica & ,laura2 by ,munson ab\t #ahid4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y2 /am5s erect2 bun* l>ge2 b]ry m$ium2 black2 e>ly4 ,virg9ia4 ,not$ by ,bu*anan1 #aheb1 z a grape rais$ & exhibit$ by ,n4 ,longwor? 9 #ahdf4 ,vivie ,hybrid4 ,vivie's ,h>t=d4 ,accord+ to ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahhc1 produc$ by ,m4 ,vivie 9 ,france1 & by "s call$ ,vivie's ,h>t=d4 ,( v vigor\s gr[?1 v productive & its grape ( good quality mak+ a v good w9e4 ,waddel4 7,lab47 ,not$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report = #ahic4 ,f\nd 9 ! woods ( ,highl& ,c\nty1 ,ohio1 ab\t #ahfc1 by ,john ,f4 ,waddel4 ,productive & h>dy2 clu/] m$ium1 heavily %\ld]$1 mod]ately compact2 b]ry oval1 m$ium to l>ge1 p]si/5t2 sk9 ?ick1 t5d]1 d>k purple or black ) heavy blue bloom2 pulp transluc5t1 t5d]1 melt+1 v juicy1 mildly sweet1 ri*1 pleasant ) slightly musky aroma2 good to v good2 season ,septemb] #bj-cj? 9 ,ohio4 ,waldo ,se$l+4 7,lab47 ,a *ance se$l+ f\nd on ! f>m ( ,j4 ,b4 ,waldo1 ,johnsville1 ,dut*ess ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 ab\t #ahha4 ,( m$ium vigor1 heal?y1 h>dy1 productive2 clu/]s z l>ge or l>g] ?an ,concord1 (t5 ne>ly d\ble1 some:at loose2 b]ries l>ge1 black ) abundant blue bloom2 sk9 v>iable 9 ?ickness1 t5d]2 pulp mod]ately sweet1 juicy1 slightly foxy ) ,concord flavor2 good2 rip5s a little be=e ,moore ,e>ly4 ,resembles ,concord closely4 ,wales4 7,lab47 ,a se$l+ hav+ a m$ium-siz$ bun*1 exhibit$ by ,e4 ,w4 ,bull at ! meet+ ( ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society 9 #ahgd4 ,waneta4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,delago cross$ ) ,brilliant2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahif4 ,/am5s erect2 bun* m$ium ) l>ge r$ b]ry2 equal to ,brighton 9 flavor2 late4 ,w>mita4 7,l9c4 ,rup4 ,lab47 ,f a cross betwe5 ,am]ica & ,beacon2 by ,munson1 ab\t #ahif4 ,heal?y & vigor\s2 /am5s erect2 bun* & b]ry l>ge1 black2 rip5s mid-season4 ,w>r54 ,suppos$ by "s to be id5tical ) ,h]bemont b claim$ to be di/9ct by o!rs4 ,! orig9al v9e grew ne> ,w>r5ton 9 ,w>r5 ,c\nty1 ,georgia4 ,wa%+ton4 ,not$ by ,w>d] 9 #ahfg4 ,f ,new ,york4 ,e>ly1 black4 ,wa%ita4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,delago cross$ ) ,gov]nor ,irel&2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahif4 ,/am5s erect2 bun* m$ium ) l>ge1 black b]ry1 equal to ,concord 9 flavor2 e>ly4 ,wa%ita4 ,a :ite grape f ,arkansas2 on trial 9 ! gov]nm5t exp]im5tal g>d5s 9 #ahei4 ,wat]loo4 ,rock ,h\se ,indian4 ,a native grape f ,ill9ois1 gr[n by ,f4 ,mu5*4 ,vigor\s & a good be>]2 clu/] & b]ry small4 ,wat]t[n4 ,f ,d4 ,s4 ,m>v91 ,wat]t[n1 ,new ,york4 ,accord+ to ,mitzky1 #ahic1 a good gr[]2 bun* m$ium1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 slightly oblong1 :ite2 sweet2 f9e quality4 ,watova4 7,lab4 ,rip4 ,v94 ,ae/47 ,a cross betwe5 ,gold ,co9 & ,rommel2 f ,munson1 9 #ahii4 ,/am5s erect2 bun* & b]ry l>ge1 yell[2 late4 ,waubeck4 7,l9c4 ,lab4 ,ae/47 ,a se$l+ ( ,jaeg] ,no4 #dc f]tiliz$ ) ,laussel2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahic4 ,/am5s erect2 bun* l>ge2 b]ry m$ium1 black1 equal to ,concord 9 flavor2 v late4 ,wav]ly4 7,v94 ,rip4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,cl9ton & "o ( ! ,muscats2 f ,jas4 ,h4 ,ricketts1 ab\t #ahgj4 ,usually vigor\s & productive1 h>dy1 heal?y2 bun* m$ium1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd to oval1 black ) blue bloom2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 sweet1 v9\s2 good2 rip5s ) ,brighton4 ,w4 ,b4 ,munson4 7,l9c4 ,v94 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,po/-oak ,no4 #c1 cross$ ) ,triumph2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahhg4 ,vigor\s1 v productive1 subject to mildew 9 ! ,s\?2 /am5s erect2 bun* m$ium or sometimes l>ge1 cyl9drical1 compact1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 black1 p]si/5t2 pulp juicy1 melt+1 sprightly2 v good2 late4 ,webb ,grape4 ,m5tion$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj4 ,discov]$ by ,samuel ,webb1 ( ,philadelphia1 ne> ,woodbury1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,b]ries l>ge1 black4 ,weeks ,se$l+4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,horticultural ,annual1 #ahga4 ,rais$ by ,dr4 ,cyrus ,weeks1 ( ,bellville1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,m$ium bun* & b]ry2 v sweet2 pleasant flavor4 ,wells4 7,lab47 ,wells' ,se$l+4 ,orig9at$ 9 ,ohio :]e x 0 discov]$ by a ,mr4 ,wells ab\t #ahhb4 ,vigor\s1 heal?y1 v productive2 clu/]s l>ge1 cyl9drical1 %\ld]$1 mod]ately compact2 b]ries l>ge1 bronze or w9e-color$1 oval2 pulp t5d]1 mild1 v juicy ) a peculi> musky flavor & foxy aroma2 fair quality2 rip5s ab\t two weeks aft] ,concord4 ,we/]n ,beauty4 ,gr[n f mix$ se$ by ,e4 ,p4 ,fi%]1 ,/]l+1 ,kansas1 ab\t #aijd4 ,describ$ by ! orig9ator z a black or purple grape ( sup]ior quality1 bett] ?an ,concord1 a /rong] gr[] ?an t v>iety & p]fectly h>dy2 rip5s ab\t ) ,catawba4 ,wetumka4 7,lab4 ,ae/4 ,rip4 ,b\rq47 ,f a cross by ,munson betwe5 ,"o ,se$ & ,gold ,co91 ab\t #ahic4 ,( m$ium vigor1 heal?y1 productive2 /am5s erect2 clu/]s m$ium1 ovate1 mod]ately compact1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 globul>1 yell[i%-gre52 pulp juicy1 t5d]2 good2 rip5s aft] ,concord4 ,wewoka4 7,l9c4 ,rup4 ,lab47 ,produc$ by ,munson1 ab\t #ahic1 by cross+ ,am]ica ) ,beacon4 ,/am5s reflex$2 bun* v l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 black2 late4 ,:eaton4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e2 f ,john ,c4 ,:eaton1 ( ,dansville1 ,new ,york1 9 #ahgc4 ,r weak gr[]1 h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess2 t5drils irregul>ly cont9u\s2 foliage n v heal?y2 /am5s upright2 fl[]s ne>ly f]tile2 clu/]s m$ium to small1 mu* l ,delaw>e1 cyl9drical1 ne>ly compact1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ries small1 r\ndi%1 light gre5 ) yell[ t+e1 ) ?9 gray bloom2 pulp t5d]1 ne>ly sweet2 good2 rip5s ab\t ) ,delaw>e4 ,:ite ,ann ,arbor4 7,lab47 ,ann ,arbor4 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord2 rais$ by ,*as4 ,h4 ,woodruff1 ( ,ann ,arbor1 ,mi*igan1 9 #ahgj4 ,( m$ium vigor1 v h>dy1 mod]ately productive2 bun* & b]ry l>ge1 :ite ) :ite bloom2 pulp t\gh1 sweet2 good2 rip5s ab\t two weeks be=e ,concord4 ,:ite ,beauty4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,dut*ess2 f ,/ayman ( ,kansas4 ,v vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y & v productive2 bun* l>ge1 long1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries m$ium size1 :ite2 pulp t5d]1 sprightly1 ri*1 v9\s1 sweet2 be/2 rip5s ) ,concord & w hang until fro/4 ,:ite ,cape4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,accord+ to ,mitzky1 #ahic1 simil> to ,alex&] except t x is gre5i%-:ite 9 color4 ,:ite ,catawba4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,catawba2 rais$ by ,john ,e4 ,motti]1 ( ,ohio1 ab\t #ahdi4 ,bun* m$ium1 %\ld]$2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 gre5i%2 pulpy1 foxy4 ,:ite ,cl9ton4 ,:ite ,delaw>e4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report = #ahfd1 z be+ a h>dy & vigor\s v9e ) a small :ite grape1 insipid & wor?less4 ,:ite ,cl\d4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a se$l+ ( ,dut*ess2 f ,/ayman1 ( ,kansas4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy1 heal?y & productive2 clu/]s l>ge1 long1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 :ite2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 ri*1 sprightly1 v9\s1 sweet2 be/2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,:ite ,delaw>e4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,f ,geo4 ,w4 ,campbell1 ( ,delaw>e1 ,ohio4 ,lack+ 9 size & productiv5ess z comp>$ ) its p>5t2 resembles ,delaw>e 9 =m ( bun* & b]ry1 compact & %\ld]$2 gre5i%-:ite ) ?9 :ite bloom2 e>ly4 ,:ite ,delaw>e4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,accord+ to ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahid1 f ,h]mann ,jaeg]1 ( ,neo%o1 ,miss\ri2 bun* & b]ries closely resemble ! ,delaw>e 9 %ape & size b x has "s ,labrusca *>act]i/ics4 ,:ite ,delaw>e4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,produc$ by ,jacob ,rommel ( ,morrison1 ,miss\ri4 ,describ$ by ,mitzky1 #ahic1 z heal?y1 mod]ate gr[]1 v productive2 bun* m$ium1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 :ite ) :ite bloom2 sk9 t\gh2 )\t pulp1 v sweet1 pure flavor1 delici\s2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,:ite ,delaw>e4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,f ,c4 ,j4 ,copley1 ,/apleton1 ,new ,york4 ,describ$ 9 ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society ,report1 #ahhj1 z hav+ a small bun*1 exce$+ly compact2 b]ries v small1 r\nd1 gre5 ) an amb] t9t 9 ! sun1 ?9 bloom2 sk9 v ?ick2 sweet ) n mu* pulp b pretty h>d4 ,:ite ,delaw>e se$l+s h also be5 produc$ by ,john ,burr1 ,j4 ,sack/$]1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,/ayman1 ,d4 ,b4 ,woodbury & o!rs4 ,:ite ,elizabe?4 ,h>t's ,:ite2 ,:ite ,isabella4 ,li/$ by ,pr9ce 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahfc4 ,:ite ,engli%4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = #ahde z be+ gr[n by ,sidney ,well]1 ,br9kleyville1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,:itehall4 7,lab47 ,suppos$ to be a *ance se$l+ f ,geo4 ,goodale1 ( ,:itehall1 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,new ,york2 fir/ fruit$ 9 #ahgj4 ,( m$ium vigor1 n v productive1 comp>atively heal?y2 /am5s reflex$2 clu/]s l>ge1 mod]ately compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 d>k purple or ne>ly black ) ?9 bloom2 pulp t5d]1 melt+ & sweet2 rip5s ab\t ) ,h>t=d4 ,:ite ,jewel4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,burr's ,no4 #ai4 ,a se$l+ ( ,elvira2 suppos$ to be f ,john ,burr1 ( ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy & v productive2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium1 long1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 :ite ) abundant bloom2 sk9 ?91 r t5d]2 pulp v juicy1 t5d]1 sweet1 sprightly1 v good2 rip5s ab\t ) ,moore ,e>ly4 ,:ite ,m\nta94 ,f ,connecticut2 v e>ly4 ,:ite ,muscad9e4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report1 #ahfb1 9 a li/ ( grapes t d well z f> nor? z ,burl+ton1 ,v]mont4 ,:ite ,musk4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,accord+ to ,full]1 #ahfg1 a hybrid f ,jacob ,moore1 ( ,ro*e/]1 ,new ,york4 ,v9e resembles ,sweetwat] b does n require protection2 ( m$ium size ) insipid flavor4 ,:ite ,nor!rn ,muscat4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,cul9>y ,grape2 ,:ite's ,nor!rn ,muscad9e4 ,a se$l+ ( ,brighton f]tiliz$ ) ,muscat2 f ,w4 ,t4 ,:ite1 ,troy1 ,ohio1 ab\t #ahhi4 ,vigor\s1 t5d]1 mod]ately productive2 /am5s upright2 bun* m$ium size1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 ne>ly r\nd1 br[ni%-gre5 or amb] color2 sk9 ?ick1 t\gh2 pulp l>ge1 t5d]1 juicy1 sweet2 high flavor2 ab\t t5 days e>li] ?an ,concord4 ,:ite ,norton4 7,ae/4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,norton2 f ,f4 ,lang5do]f]1 ,h]mann1 ,miss\ri4 ,not$ 9 ,miss\ri ,horticultural ,society ,report1 #ahhc1 z a sl[ gr[]1 mod]ately productive1 v h>dy2 small] ?an its p>5t1 ( a gold5 yell[ color & a few days e>li]4 ,:ite ,norton4 7,ae/4 ,lab47 ,:ite ,virg9ia ,se$l+4 ,ano!r ,norton se$l+1 probably cross$ ) "s ,labrusca2 produc$ by ,j4 ,balzig]1 ,highl&1 ,ill9ois4 ,/rong1 h>dy2 heal?y & vigor\s2 fruit simil> to ,elvira b bett] 9 quality2 v late2 %[s "s ,labrusca blood4 ,:ite ,rose4 ,receiv$ at ?is ,/ation = te/+ 9 #aijf f ,miss ,r4 ,r4 ,%ort1 ,clifton ,spr+s1 ,new ,york4 ,:ite ,sug>4 ,w4 ,r4 ,pr9ce 9 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly = #ahfc1 m5tions ?is v>iety z a wor?less ,labrusca4 ,:ite ,t5nessee4 ,accord+ to ,grape ,culturi/1 #ahga1 gr[n by ,w4 ,valiant1 ( ,cl>ksville1 ,t5nessee1 & kn[n by him = ab\t fifty ye>s4 ,h>dy1 productive & free f disease4 ,:ite ,ul/]4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,accord+ to ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahid1 an amateur v>iety1 rais$ by ,a4 ,j4 ,caywood f a se$l+ ( ,ul/] cross$ ) ,:ite ,concord4 ,wilcox4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report1 #ahde1 z be+ gr[n by ,sidney ,well]1 ,br9kleyville1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,wild+4 7,rip4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ f\nd by ,jacob ,rommel1 ,morrison1 ,miss\ri4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy & heal?y1 mod]ately productive2 /am5s reflex$2 bun* m$ium1 loose1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 pale gre51 almo/ transp>5t2 sk9 v ?91 & t5d]2 no pulp1 juicy1 v sweet2 v good2 rip5s ) ,concord4 ,wilk9s ,se$l+4 7,lab47 ,f ,o4 ,fitzalwyn ,wilk9s1 ,bridgeburgh1 ,ont>io1 ab\t #ahie4 ,describ$ 9 ! ,canadian ,horticulturi/1 #ahih1 z foll[s3 ,bun* ( good size & =m2 b]ries :ite1 r\nd1 ( m$ium size2 sk9 ?9 & t5d]2 pulp t5d] & sep>ates readily f ! se$s2 flavor agreeable1 some:at foxy1 b mu* sweet] & pleasant] ?an ,concord2 e>ly4 ,will>d4 7,lab47 ,f ,e4 ,p4 ,fi%]1 ,/]l+1 ,kansas2 receiv$ at ?is ,/ation = te/+ 9 #aije4 ,describ$ by orig9ator z a vigor\s1 %ort-jo9t$ gr[]1 p]fectly h>dy1 sometimes mildews2 bun* a little small] ?an ,concord1 compact2 b]ry ne>ly l>ge1 r\nd1 r$2 sweet1 )\t any fox9ess2 lacks vigor "h2 t5drils cont9u\s or sometimes int]mitt5t4 ,williamson4 7,c&47 ,a wild v>iety ( ,c&icans f ,williamson ,c\nty1 ,texas2 collect$ by ,t4 ,v4 ,munson4 ,/am5s reflex$2 small bun* ) v l>ge1 black b]ry2 e>ly4 ,williamsport4 ,not$ 9 ! ,magaz9e ( ,horticulture1 #ahfj1 z a new v>iety orig9at$ on ! m\nta9 ne> ,williamsport1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,p]fectly h>dy1 & v prolific4 ,william ,w9e4 7,lab4 ,ae/47 ,m5tion$ by ,s4 ,j4 ,p>k] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report = #ahfd4 ,clu/] small ) long p$uncle2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 hav+ ! fox grape p]fume m+l$ ) t ( a rose4 ,willie4 7,lab47 ,said to be a se$l+ ( ,nor!rn ,muscad9e cross$ ) ,concord2 f ,l4 ,c4 ,*i%olm1 ,spr+ ,hill1 ,t5nessee4 ,vigor\s1 rampant gr[]1 heal?y & v productive2 fruit l>g] ?an ,concord1 %\ld]$1 v %[y2 black ) :ite bloom2 pulp v9\s & sprightly1 no fox9ess2 excell5t w9e grape2 rip5s ) or a few days lat] ?an ,concord4 ,willis4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e2 f ,willis ,w4 ,jones1 ,cam>go1 ,ill9ois1 ab\t #ahfe4 ,usually vigor\s1 z h>dy z ,concord1 heal?y1 g5]ally q productive2 bun* m$ium1 compact1 %\ld]$1 9 %ape l ! ,delaw>e2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 pale gre5 or amb]-yell[ ) a slight bloom2 pulp t5d]1 v juicy1 slightly v9\s1 sweet1 foxy2 good2 e>ly4 ,willis ,fr$onia4 ,gu]nsey ,grape2 ,j]sey ,grape4 ,orig9 unkn[n2 gr[n by ,john ,willis1 ( ,m>yl&4 ,accord+ to ,pr9ce1 #ahcj1 a vigor\s rampant gr[]1 heal?y1 v productive2 fruit black & pleasant = ! table4 ,willis ,l>ge ,black4 ,great ,black ,muscad9e4 ,an old v>iety m5tion$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj1 :o says1 accord+ to a traditional acc\nt ( ! ,s\!rn ,indians1 ?is v9e & ! ,:ite ,scupp]nong h be5 9 be>+ among !m = m ?an five hundr$ ye>s4 ,v vigor\s2 b]ries v l>ge2 foxy4 ,wilm+ton4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,wilm+ton ,:ite4 ,orig9at$ ) a ,mr4 ,jeffries1 ne> ,wilm+ton1 ,delaw>e1 ab\t #ahef4 ,v vigor\s1 h>dy1 productive2 bun*es l>ge1 loose1 %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 r\ndi% or incl9+ to oval1 gre5i%-:ite2 t5d] & n pulpy1 sweet & pleasant :5 prop]ly rip5$ b requires a long s\!rn season2 late4 ,w9*e/]4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,brackett's ,se$l+2 ,brackett's ,w9*e/]4 ,a se$l+ ( ,union ,village2 f ,e4 ,a4 ,brackett1 ,w9*e/]1 ,massa*usetts1 fir/ fruit$ 9 #aheh4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy2 bun* l>ge2 b]ry l>ge1 r\nd1 black1 heavy bloom2 juicy1 sweet1 v9\s2 resembles p>5t b rip5s a week e>li]4 ,w9dsor4 ,not$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj4 ,f\nd gr[+ wild twelve miles nor? ( ,baltimore1 at ,w9dsor1 on ! plantation ( ,george ,fitzhugh4 ,v luxuriant & productive2 clu/]s l>ge & long2 b]ries r\nd1 blue1 juicy4 ,w9$rop4 7,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,a cross betwe5 ,po/-oak ,no4 #a & ,h]bemont by ,munson1 9 #ahhd4 ,/am5s reflex$2 bun* l>ge ) small1 d>k r$ b]ry2 late4 ,w9e ,h\se4 ,not$ 9 ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report1 #ahed4 ,f\nd gr[+ spontane\sly 9 ! v9ey>d ( ,fr$]ick ,mu5*4 ,sweet & aromatic2 n v juicy4 ,w9e ,k+4 7,ae/4 ,l9c4 ,rup4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,w9ona cross$ ) ,am]ica2 f ,munson1 9 #ahih4 ,v vigor\s1 prolific1 heal?y2 /am5s erect2 clu/] l>ge1 compact2 b]ry m$ium1 black ) blue bloom2 v little pulp1 t5d]1 v juicy1 v9\s1 ri* & sprightly2 good4 ,w9ona4 7,ae/4 ,lab47 ,a se$l+ ( ,norton2 f ,munson1 ab\t #ahie4 ,vigor\s1 productive2 /am5s upright2 clu/] l>ge1 loose1 conical2 b]ries small to m$ium1 black2 sk9 ?91 t\gh2 pulp juicy1 t5d]1 good2 ab\t a week e>li] ?an ,norton4 ,w9sl[4 7,rip487 ,a se$l+ rais$ by ,*>les ,w9sl[1 ( ,clevel&1 ,ohio1 ab\t #aheg4 ,h>dy & productive2 bun* m$ium1 long1 compact2 b]ries small1 r\nd1 black2 pulp v9\s & juicy2 resembles ,cl9ton b is less acid2 v e>ly4 ,w9t] ,w9e4 7,simp4 ,l9c4 ,b\rq47 ,a cross betwe5 ,vitis simpsoni & ,m>gu]ite by ,munson 9 #ahih4 ,/am5s reflex$2 bun* l>ge ) m$ium-siz$ black b]ry2 extra late4 ,witt4 7,lab47 ,a :ite se$l+ ( ,concord2 f ,mi*ael ,witt1 ( ,columbus1 ,ohio1 ab\t #ahhj4 ,n v vigor\s1 h>dy1 mod]ately heal?y1 v productive2 clu/]s m$ium to l>ge1 conical1 mod]ately compact1 sometimes %\ld]$2 b]ries v>iable 9 size1 usually l>ge1 r\ndi%1 gre5i%-:ite or pale yell[ ) ?9 :iti% bloom2 pulp t5d]1 juicy1 v9\s1 sweet2 good2 rip5s ) ,concord or a little be=e4 ,woodbury4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,woodbury ,:ite4 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e f ,d4 ,b4 ,woodbury1 ,p>is1 ,ma9e1 ab\t #ahia4 ,describ$ 9 ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahid1 z resembl+ ,delaw>e 9 gr[? & foliage2 bun* m$ium1 compact2 b]ry l>g] ?an ,delaw>e1 slightly oblong1 gre5i%-:ite ) f9e bloom2 sk9 ?91 yet t\gh1 almo/ transp>5t2 juicy1 sweet1 good2 rip5s two weeks be=e ,concord2 a v good keep]4 ,woodbury4 ,m5tion$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report = #ahfc1 z be+ on trial 9 ! gov]nm5t exp]im5tal g>d54 ,woodcock ,se$l+4 ,exhibit$ by ,h4 ,woodcock at ! ,we/]n ,new ,york ,horticultural ,society meet+ 9 #ahhg4 ,a l>ge r$ grape1 ( v good quality2 rip5s ) ,delaw>e4 ,wood=d4 ,on trial 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture exp]im5tal v9ey>d 9 #ahfj4 ,vigor\s2 purple2 pulpy1 juicy1 sweet4 ,woodriv]4 ,accord+ to ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahhc1 orig9at$ ne> ,woodriv]1 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,rhode ,isl&1 by a ,mr4 ,br[n4 ,:ite1 v e>ly1 f9e quality4 ,woodson4 ,f ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,c\nty1 ,virg9ia1 previ\s to #ahcj4 ,bun* m$ium1 v compact2 b]ry m$ium r$2 no pulp1 ri*2 good = table & w9e2 lat] ?an ,cunn+ham4 ,wyman4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,wyman's ,se$l+4 ,exhibit$ by ,joseph ,breck 9 #ahed at a session ( ! fruit committee ( ! ,massa*usetts ,horticultural ,society4 ,said to be a se$l+ ( ,catawba2 b]ries l>ge1 sweet & free ( pulp2 rip5s ) or be=e ,isabella4 ,wynant4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,accord+ to ,mitzky1 #ahic1 a *ance se$l+ gr[n by ,d4 ,w4 ,babcock1 ,dansville1 ,new ,york2 almo/ id5tical ) ,dut*ess4 ,wyom+4 ,not$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report1 #ahfj4 ,vigor\s2 black2 juicy1 some:at pulpy4 ,wylie's ,se$l+s4 ,unnam$ se$l+s ( ,dr4 ,a4 ,p4 ,wylie1 ( ,*e/]1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a3 ,no4 #d4 ,a cross betwe5 two hybrids4 ,describ$ by orig9ator 9 ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahhc1 z bun* some:at l>g] ?an ,l5oir2 b]ry m$ium1 ( a cle> transp>5t gold5 color2 f9e/ texture & flavor1 resembles ,:ite ,frontignan2 rip5s z e>ly z ,concord4 ,concord & ,=eign ,no4 #h4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,se$l+ ( ,concord & ,b[ood ,muscat4 ,/rong gr[]2 foliage ,labrusca2 clu/] v l>ge1 loose2 b]ry v l>ge1 black1 ( =eign texture2 sk9 ?ick2 rip5s ) ,catawba4 ,delaw>e & ,concord ,no4 #a4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,v h>dy ) ,labrusca foliage2 a great be>]2 bun* & b]ry m$ium2 sk9 ?ick1 d>k r$2 juicy1 ri* & sweet1 slightly musky4 ,halifax & ,delaw>e ,no4 #cj4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,! same color z ,delaw>e ) bun* ( same size & b]ries "o half l>g]2 texture & flavor also mu* l ,delaw>e2 g5]ally m heal?y ?an t v>iety2 a great be>]4 ,halifax & ,delaw>e ,no4 #ch4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,h>dy & heal?y ) ,labrusca foliage1 n s /rong a gr[] z ,no4 #cj2 d>k r$ 9 color ) purple bloom & sup]ior to ,no4 #cj 9 flavor4 ,halifax & ,delaw>e ,no4 #di4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,a black grape ( high v9\s flavor4 ,halifax & ,delaw>e ,no4 #ee4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,bun* m$ium1 long1 %\ld]$2 b]ries l>ge1 d>k blue or purple ) a purple bloom2 fle% t5d]1 juicy1 v sweet1 sprightly1 high flavor$2 be/4 ,halifax & ,hamburg ,no4 #aa4 7,v94 ,lab47 ,v productive & heal?y2 bun* m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 black1 ) ?ick sk94 ,hybrid ,scupp]nong ,no4 #d4 7,rot47 ,exhibit$ at ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society 9 #ahgg4 ,heal?y1 v productive2 bun*es m$ium1 compact2 b]ry r\nd1 gre5i%-:ite2 pulp ne>ly melt+1 v juicy1 sprightly1 v9\s1 ) a musky aroma2 good4 ,hybrid ,scupp]nong ,no4 #e4 7,rot4 ,v947 ,p>5tage1 ,bl& ,madeira & ,=eign ,no4 #a1 cross$ ) a /am9ate hybrid ,scupp]nong produc$ by impregnat+ ,black ,hamburg ) ,scupp]nong4 ,heal?y & h>dy2 bun* m$ium2 b]ries l>ge1 :ite1 transp>5t ) ?9 t\gh sk92 almo/ pulpless1 ri*1 sweet1 ) a peculi> flavor2 z e>ly z ,concord4 ,x5ia4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,p>5tage1 ,delaw>e1 ,goe! & ,triumph2 f ,munson4 ,vigor\s2 clu/] m$ium1 compact2 b]ry v l>ge1 :ite2 sk9 ?9 & t\gh2 pulp meaty1 t5d]1 sprightly1 high flavor2 be/2 v late1 ) ,f]n ,munson or j be=e4 ,xlnta4 7,l9c4 ,rup4 ,v94 ,lab474 ,"o ( ,munson's se$l+s2 ,am]ica f]tiliz$ ) ,r4 ,w4 ,munson4 ,vigor\s1 h>dy 9 ,s\!rn ,/ates2 /am5s reflex$2 clu/] l>ge1 cyl9drical1 %\ld]$1 fairly compact2 b]ries m$ium to l>ge1 globul>1 black1 ) little bloom2 sk9 ?92 pulp meaty1 t5d]1 sprightly2 season ) or lat] ?an ,concord4 ,yoakum4 7,b\rq47 ,accord+ to ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 #ahid1 resembl+ ! ,h]bemont1 its juice is ( deep] color1 its foliage is m deeply lob$1 b o!rwise mu* inf]ior2 rip5+ unev5ly & be+ less productive4 ,yomago4 7,lab4 ,v94 ,b\rq47 ,a cross betwe5 ,delago & ,brilliant1 by ,munson1 ab\t #ahid4 ,z gr[n at ?is ,/ation1 a weak gr[]1 n h>dy1 v>iable 9 productiv5ess2 fl[]s f]tile1 bloom late2 /am5s upright2 clu/]s l>ge1 usually s+le-%\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r\ndi%1 black1 glossy1 cov]$ ) heavy blue bloom2 sk9 ?9 & t5d]2 fle% pale gre51 t5d]1 spicy1 sweet ) ,po/-oak flavor2 fair to good2 x is d\btful if x w rip5 9 ?is locality4 ,yonk]s4 7,lab47 ,a ,concord se$l+2 f ,j4 ,w4 ,gray1 ,atwood1 ,ill9ois4 ,h>dy1 n a /rong gr[]2 bun* m$ium1 %\ld]$1 compact2 b]ries l>ge1 r\nd1 light gre52 sweet2 good2 rip5s a little be=e ,concord4 ,york ,cl>et4 7,lab47 ,accord+ to ,pr9ce1 #ahcj1 a native cultivat$ ne> ,york1 ,p5nsylvania1 :]e x is mu* e/eem$ = w9e4 ,bun*es & b]ries small] ?an ^? ( ,alex&]2 )\t pulp1 v juicy1 sweet4 ,york ,lisbon4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,not$ by ,pr9ce 9 #ahcj4 ,gr[n ar\nd ,york1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,resembles ,alex&] b l>g] & a little elongat$ & ! pulp is m acid2 co>se1 pulpy & foxy2 "s consid] x id5tical ) ,alex&]4 ,york ,madeira4 7,lab4 ,v9487 ,baldw9's ,e>ly2 ,black ,g]man2 ,canby's ,augu/2 ,g]man ,w9e2 ,l>ge ,g]man2 ,m>ion ,port2 ,montei?2 ,%eph]d's ,port ,w9e2 ,small ,g]man2 ,tryon2 ,wolfe4 ,an old v>iety ( ,isabella type1 orig9at$ at ,york1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,vigor\s1 g5]ally h>dy1 productive2 clu/] m$ium1 compact1 %\ld]$2 b]ries m$ium1 r\ndi%1 incl9+ to oval1 black2 pulp juicy1 sweet1 some:at v9\s1 pleasant2 rip5s ) ,isabella or be=e4 ,"s consid] ,m>ion 7,,ii7 id5tical ) ?is v>iety4 ,"y ,am]ica4 7,lab47 ,rais$ by ,samuel ,mill]1 ( ,calmdale1 ,p5nsylvania1 ab\t #ahfj4 ,a se$l+ ( ,concord & resembl+ its p>5t 9 color & %ape b ?ree weeks lat]4 ,zane4 ,f a ,mr4 ,zane1 ,:eel+1 ,we/ ,virg9ia2 f\nd by him gr[+ wild on ,:eel+ ,isl&4 ,b]ry m$ium1 r$4 ,zelia4 7,lab4 ,v947 ,p>5tage1 ,telegraph cross$ ) ,black ,hamburg2 f ,c4 ,j4 ,copley1 ,/apleton1 ,new ,york4 ,m$ium 9 vigor1 productive1 q h>dy2 leaves five-lob$1 "s indi/9ctly s1 dull gre52 clu/] l>ge1 compact2 b]ry v l>ge1 black2 sk9 ?91 f9e bloom2 pulp t5d]1 ri*1 sweet1 aromatic2 season e>li] ?an ,concord4 ,z9nia4 7,lab47 ,orig9 unkn[n4 ,clu/] l>ge1 loose1 %\ld]$2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 black ) a ri* bloom4 ,zita4 7,lab4 ,b\rq4 ,v947 ,a se$l+ ( ,delaw>e2 f ,john ,sack/$]1 ,leav5wor?1 ,craw=d ,c\nty1 ,indiana4 ,vigor\s1 productive1 heal?y2 clu/] above m$ium2 b]ry m$ium1 r\nd1 yell[4 ,zoe4 ,m5tion$ by ,campbell 9 ,g>d5 & ,=e/1 #ahij1 z a nor!rn grape atta9+ its be/ quality 9 long seasons4 ,,bibliography ,,& ,,ref]5ces ,,) ,,abbreviations ,,us$ ,9 ! /&>d works li/$ bel[1 ! date ( copyright has be5 pref]r$ to t ( ! title page al?\gh :]e !re are sev]al editions f ! same copyright !y are giv51 s f> z our k p]mits4 ,?is is ?\ght to be m j to ! writ]s z ! copyright date is usually a bett] indication ( ! "t :5 ! book 0 writt5 ?an ! date ( publication4 ,an ef=t has be5 made to pres5t a complete bibliography ( grape lit]ature 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates includ+ _m books :i*1 ow+ to _! nature1 h be5 ( no use 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is "w4 ,9 addition !re are giv5 all agricultural works & p]iodicals to :i* ref]5ces w be f\nd 9 ! prec$+ pages4 ,reports & bullet9s ( exp]im5t /ations & reports ( horticultural societies are n includ$ z 9 ea* case ! abbreviation us$ is /&>d & suffici5tly full = ready recognition4 ,only su* ,european works h be5 includ$ z 7 f\nd useful 9 prep>+ ! volume4 ,adlum ,a ,memoir on ! ,cultivation ( ! ,v9e 9 ,am]ica & ! ,be/ ,mode ( ,mak+ ,w9e4 ,by ,john ,adlum4 ,wa%+ton3 #ahbc4 ,second edition1 #ahbh4 ,all5 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ! ,culture & ,treatm5t ( ! ,grape ,v9e1 etc4 ,by ,j4 ,fisk ,all54 ,second edition1 ,bo/on3 #ahdh4 ,?ird edition1 #ahec4 ,am]4 ,f>m] ,! ,am]ican ,f>m]4 ,baltimore3 #ahai-ahcb4 ,am]4 ,g>d4 ,! ,am]ican ,g>d54 #ahhh-ahia4 ,am]ican ,g>d5+1 ,new ,york3 #ahib-aijd4 7,! ,am]ican ,g>d5 & ,popul> ,g>d5+ 7 comb9$ 9 #ahib to =m ,am]ican ,g>d5+47 ,am4 ,hort4 ,an4 ,am]ican ,horticultural ,annual4 ,a ,ye> ,book ( ,horticultural ,progress1 etc4 ,new ,york3 #ahfg-ahga4 ,am4 ,j\r4 ,hort4 ,! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture & ,flori/'s ,companion4 ,"n *ang$ 9 #ahfi to ,tilton's ,j\rnal ( ,horticulture & ,flori/'s ,companion4 ,bo/on3 #ahfg-ahga4 ,am4 ,pom4 ,soc4 ,rpt4 ,am]ican ,pomological ,society ,report4 ,issu$ usually bi5nially f #aheb to date4 ,&rae ,a ,guide to ! ,cultivation ( ! ,grape ,v9e 9 ,texas1 & ,in/ructions = ,w9e-,mak+4 ,by ,e4 ,h4 ,&rae4 ,dallas1 ,texas3 #ahij4 ,an4 ,hort4 ,annals ( ,horticulture 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,a ,witness ( ,pass+ ,ev5ts & a ,record ( ,progress4 ,by ,l4 ,h4 ,bailey4 ,new ,york3 #ahhi-ahic4 7,appe>+ annually47 ,antill ,an ,essay on ! ,cultivation ( ! ,v9e1 etc4 ,by ,edw>d ,antill4 7,appe>+ 9 ,transactions ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society47 ,philadelphia3 #agga4 ,bailey ,am]ican ,grape ,tra9+2 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,lead+ ,=ms ,n[ 9 ,use ( ,tra9+ ! ,am]ican ,grapes4 ,by ,l4 ,h4 ,bailey4 ,new ,york3 #ahic4 ,b>ry ,! ,fruit ,g>d52 ,a ,treatise1 etc4 ,by ,p4 ,b>ry4 ,new ,york3 #ahea4 ,revis$ edition 7,b>ry's ,fruit ,g>d571 ,new ,york3 #ahgb4 ,revis$ edition 7,b>ry's ,fruit ,g>d571 ,new ,york3 #ahhc4 ,boll+ ,sket* ( ,v9e ,culture4 ,by ,rob]t ,boll+4 7,nev] pr9t$ b sev]al manuscript copies 7 circulat$ dur+ ! latt] half ( ! #ah? c5tury4 ,extracts 7 publi%$ 9 sev]al p]iodicals47 ,bright ,bright's ,s+le ,/em ,dw>f & ,r5ewal ,sy/em ( ,grape ,culture1 etc4 ,by ,william ,bright4 ,new ,york3 #ahfj4 ,second edition1 ,new ,york3 #ahfa4 7,same copyright date z fir/ edition47 ,bu*anan ,! ,culture ( ! ,grape & ,w9e-,mak+4 ,by ,rob]t ,bu*anan4 ,c9c9nati3 #aheb-ahfj or lat]4 7,eight editions or m47 ,budd-,hans5 ,am]ican ,horticultural ,manual1 etc4 ,by ,j4 ,l4 ,budd & ,n4 ,e4 ,hans54 ,new ,york & ,london3 #aijc4 ,busby ,j\rnal ( a ,rec5t ,visit to ! ,pr9cipal ,v9ey>ds ( ,spa9 & ,france1 etc4 ,by ,james ,busby1 ,esq4 ,new ,york & ,bo/on3 #ahce4 ,bu%4 ,cat4 ,illu/rat$ ,descriptive ,catalogue ( ,am]ican ,grape ,v9es1 etc4 ,by ,bu% & ,son & ,meissn]4 ,?ird edition1 ,/4 ,l\is3 #ahhc4 ,f\r? edition same1 ,/4 ,l\is3 #ahid4 ,c4 ,hort4 ,canadian ,horticulturi/4 ,toronto3 #ahgh to date4 ,*orlton ,! ,cold ,grap]y1 f ,direct ,am]ican ,practice1 etc4 ,by ,wm4 ,*orlton4 ,new ,york3 #ahec4 ,*orlton ,! ,am]ican ,grape ,gr[]s' ,guide1 etc4 ,by ,wm4 ,*orlton4 ,_m editions4 ,) ! exception ( a f9al *apt] add$ to ! lat] editions !re are no revisions4 ,new ,york3 #aheb-ahhc4 ,cole ,! ,am]ican ,fruit ,book1 etc4 ,by ,s4 ,w4 ,cole4 ,bo/on & ,new ,york3 #ahdi4 ,cope ,physiography 9 its ,application to ,grape ,culture4 ,an essay 9 ,saund]s' ,bo? ,sides ( ! ,grape ,"q4 ,de ,b]neaud ,! ,v9e-,dress]'s ,!oretical & ,practical ,manual1 etc4 ,by ,?iebaut de ,b]neaud4 7,translat$ f ! ,fr5*47 ,new ,york3 #ahbi4 ,d5ni/on ,grape ,culture 9 ,/eub5 ,c\nty1 ,new ,york4 ,by ,g4 ,d5ni/on4 ,albany3 #ahfe4 7,9 ,new ,york ,agricultural ,society ,report1 & also z a sep>ate47 ,dom4 ,enc4 ,! ,dome/ic ,encyclop$ia2 or a ,diction>y ( ,facts1 etc4 ,by ,a4 ,f4 ,m4 ,willi*4 ,fir/ ,am]ican edition ) additions by ,james ,mease4 ,9 five volumes4 7,! fif? volume conta9s an article on grapes by ,william ,b>tram & ,james ,mease47 ,philadelphia3 #ahjd4 ,d[n+ ,! ,fruits & ,fruit ,trees ( ,am]ica4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,d[n+1 #ahde4 ,second edition1 same text1 ) color$ plates1 #ahdg4 ,fir/ revision1 by ,*>les ,d[n+1 #aheg4 ,second revision1 #ahfi4 ,fir/ app5dix1 #ahgb4 ,second app5dix1 #ahgf4 ,?ird app5dix1 #ahha4 ,du ,breuil ,! ,?om]y ,sy/em ( ,grape ,culture4 7,a translation f ! ,fr5*47 ,new ,york3 ,no date4 ,du ,breuil ,v9ey>d ,culture1 etc4 ,by ,a4 ,du ,breuil4 ,translat$ 7f ! ,fr5*7 by ,e4 ,c4 ,p>k]1 ) notes & adaptations by ,john ,a4 ,w>d]4 ,c9c9nati3 #ahfg4 ,duf\r ,! ,am]ican ,v9e-,dress]'s ,guide1 etc4 ,by ,john ,james ,duf\r4 ,c9c9nati3 #ahbf4 ,eis5 ,! ,rais9 ,indu/ry1 etc4 ,by ,gu/av ,eis54 ,san ,francisco3 #ahij4 ,elliott ,elliott's ,fruit ,book1 or ! ,am]ican ,fruit ,gr[]s' ,guide1 etc4 ,by ,f4 ,r4 ,elliott4 ,new ,york3 #ahed4 ,revis$ edition 7same71 #ahei4 ,ev4 ( ,nat4 ,fruits ,sket* ( ! ,evolution ( our ,native ,fruits4 ,by ,l4 ,h4 ,bailey4 ,new ,york3 #ahih4 ,fi%] ,obs]vations on ! ,"* & ,culture ( ! ,european ,v9e1 etc4 ,by ,s4 ,i4 ,fi%]4 ,philadelphia3 #ahcd4 ,flagg ,?ree ,seasons 9 ,european ,v9ey>ds1 etc4 ,by ,wm4 ,j4 ,flagg4 ,new ,york3 #ahfi4 ,floy-,l9d4 ,guide to ! ,or*>d & ,fruit ,g>d51 etc4 ,by ,george ,l9dley2 edit$ by ,john ,l9dley4 ,am]ican edition ) notes & additions by ,mi*ael ,floy4 ,new ,york3 #ahcc4 ,full] ,! ,grape ,culturi/2 a ,treatise1 etc4 ,by ,&rew ,s4 ,full]4 ,new ,york3 #ahfd4 ,same1 new & enl>g$ edition1 ,new ,york3 #ahfg4 ,same1 new revis$ & enl>g$ edition1 ,new ,york3 #ahid4 ,g>d4 ,*ron4 ,g>d5]'s ,*ronicle1 etc4 ,london3 #ahda to date4 ,g>4 ,mon4 ,g>d5]'s ,mon?ly1 etc4 ,?omas ,meehan1 editor4 ,philadelphia3 #ahei-ahhg4 ,goessman ,contribution to ! ,*emi/ry ( ! ,am]ican ,grape ,v9e4 ,by ,c4 ,a4 ,goessman4 ,9 ,proce$+s ,am]ican ,*emical ,society1 volume #b1 & also z sep>ate4 ,grape ,cult4 ,! ,grape ,culturi/1 a ,mon?ly ,j\rnal1 etc4 ,george ,husmann1 editor4 ,/4 ,l\is3 #ahfi-ahga4 ,grant ,manual ( ! ,v9e4 ,by ,c4 ,w4 ,grant1 ,iona1 ,n4 ,y43 #ahfd4 ,h>asz?y ,grape ,culture1 ,w9es & ,w9e-,mak+1 etc4 ,by ,a4 ,h>asz?y4 ,new ,york3 #ahfb4 ,haskell ,an ,acc\nt ( ,v>i\s ,exp]im5ts = ! ,production ( ,new & ,desirable ,grapes4 ,ipswi*1 ,mass43 #ahgg4 ,ho>e ,a ,practical ,treatise on ! ,cultivation ( ! ,grape ,v9e on ,op5 ,walls4 ,by ,clem5t ,ho>e4 ,bo/on3 #ahcg4 ,same1 ,bo/on3 #ahdj4 ,same1 ,bo/on3 #ahde4 ,same1 ,new ,york3 #ahdg4 ,h(] ,grape ,gr[+4 ,a ,simple ,treatise on ! ,s+le ,pole ,sy/em1 etc4 ,by ,a4 ,f4 ,h(]4 ,new ,york3 #ahgh4 ,hoop] ,hoop]'s ,we/]n ,fruit ,book1 etc4 ,by ,e4 ,j4 ,hoop]4 ,c9c9nati3 #aheg4 ,horticola ,! pseudonym ( ,dr4 ,*>les ,si$h( :o translat$ & add$ notes to ,mohr's ,! ,grape ,v9e1 etc4 ,horticulturi/ ,! ,horticulturi/ & ,j\rnal ( ,rural ,art & ,rural ,ta/e4 ,albany1 ,philadelphia & ,new ,york3 #ahdf-ahge4 ,husmann ,! ,cultivation ( ! ,native ,grape & ,manufacture ( ,am]ican ,w9es4 ,by ,george ,husmann4 ,new ,york3 #ahff4 ,husmann ,am]ican ,grape ,gr[+ & ,w9e ,mak+4 ,by ,george ,husmann4 ,f\r? edition1 ,new ,york3 #ahie4 ,hyatt ,hyatt's ,h&book ( ,grape ,culture1 etc4 ,by ,t4 ,h>t ,hyatt4 ,san ,francisco3 #ahfg4 ,johnson ,rural ,economy1 etc4 ,by ,s4 ,w4 ,johnson4 ,new ,york3 #ahjf4 ,kee* ,! ,grape ,gr[]s' ,guide4 ,by ,j4 ,kee*4 ,wat]loo1 ,n4 ,y43 #ahfi4 ,lond4 ,hort4 ,soc4 ,cat4 ,a ,catalog ( ! ,fruits ,cultivat$ 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ! ,horticultural ,society ( ,london4 ,fir/ edition1 ,london3 #ahbf4 ,same1 second edition1 #ahca4 ,longwor? ,! ,cultivation ( ! ,grape & ,manufacture ( ,w9e4 ,by ,n4 ,longwor?4 ,c9c9nati3 #ahdf4 ,l\bat ,! ,am]ican ,v9e ,dress]'s ,guide4 ,by ,alphonse ,l\bat4 ,new ,york3 #ahbg4 ,same1 #ahgb4 ,mc,mahon ,! ,am]ican ,g>d5]'s ,cal5d>1 etc4 ,by ,b]n>d ,mc,mahon4 ,philadelphia3 #ahjf4 ,mc,minn ,a ,contribution to ! ,classification ( ! ,species & ,v>ieties ( ! ,grape ,v9e4 ,by ,j4 ,m4 ,mc,minn4 7,an essay appe>+ 9 ,saund]s' ,bo? ,sides ( ! ,grape ,"q47 ,mc,murtrie ,report ^u ,/ati/ics ( ,grape ,culture & ,w9e ,production 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates = #ahhj4 ,by ,wm4 ,mc,murtrie1 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,wa%+ton3 #ahha4 ,mag4 ,hort4 ,magaz9e ( ,horticulture4 ,publi%$ fir/ two ye>s "u "n ,am]ican ,g>d5]'s ,magaz9e4 ,c4 ,m4 ,hovey1 editor4 ,bo/on3 #ahce-ahfh4 ,mead ,an ,elem5t>y ,treatise on ,am]ican ,grape ,culture & ,w9e ,mak+4 ,by ,pet] ,b4 ,mead4 ,new ,york3 #ahfg4 ,mitzky ,our ,native ,grape1 etc4 ,publi%$ by ,c4 ,mitzky ,co4 ,ro*e/]3 #ahic4 ,mohr ,! ,grape ,v9e4 ,a ,practically ,sci5tific ,treatise on its ,managem5t1 etc4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,mohr4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man by ,horticola 7,*>les ,si$h(74 ,new ,york3 #ahfg4 ,mu5* ,s*ool = ,am]ican ,grape ,culture1 etc4 ,by ,fr$]ick ,mu5*4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man by ,elizabe? ,h4 ,cutt]4 ,/4 ,l\is3 #ahfe4 ,munson ,classification & ,g5]ic ,synopsis ( ! ,wild ,grapes ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,by ,t4 ,v4 ,munson4 ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 ,division ( ,pomology1 ,bullet9 #c4 ,wa%+ton3 #ahij4 ,my ,v9ey>d ,my ,v9ey>d at ,lakeview4 ,by a we/]n grape-gr[] 7,a4 ,n4 ,pr5tiss74 ,new ,york3 #ahff4 ,p]soz ,new ,process = ! ,culture ( ! ,v9e4 ,by ,p]soz4 ,translat$ by ,j4 ,o4 ,c4 ,b>clay4 ,new ,york3 #ahef4 ,phelps ,! ,v9e3 ,its ,culture 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 etc4 ,by ,r4 ,h4 ,phelps4 ,h>t=d3 #ahee4 ,ph9 ,op5 ,air ,grape ,culture1 etc4 ,by ,john ,ph94 ,new ,york3 #ahfb4 ,same1 #ahgf4 ,pr9ce ,a ,treatise on ! ,v9e1 etc4 ,by ,william ,rob]t ,pr9ce1 aid$ by ,william ,pr9ce4 ,new ,york3 #ahcj4 ,raf9esque ,am]ican ,manual ( ! ,grape ,v9es1 etc4 ,by ,c4 ,s4 ,raf9esque4 ,philadelphia3 #ahcj4 ,rec4 ( ,hort4 ,woodw>d's ,record ( ,horticulture4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,s4 ,full]4 7,an annual74 ,new ,york3 #ahff-ahfh4 ,reemel9 ,! ,v9e-,dress]'s ,manual2 ,an ,illu/rat$ ,treatise1 etc4 ,by ,*>les ,reemel94 ,new ,york3 #ahef4 ,rural ,n4 ,y4 ,rural ,new ,york]4 ,ro*e/] & ,new ,york3 #ahej to date4 ,saund]s ,bo? ,sides ( ! ,grape ,"q1 etc43 ,?ree essays on grape culture by ,wm4 ,saund]s1 ,f4 ,j4 ,cope & ,j4 ,m4 ,mc,minn4 ,philadelphia3 #ahfj4 ,si$h(1 ,*>les 7,see ,mohr47 ,s\4 ,agr4 ,s\!rn ,agriculturi/1 ,horticulturi/1 etc4 ,*>le/on3 #ahbh-ahdf4 ,spee*ly ,a ,treatise on ! ,culture ( ! ,v9e1 etc4 ,by ,william ,spee*ly4 ,dubl93 #agia4 ,spoon] ,! ,cultivation ( ,am]ican ,grape ,v9es1 etc4 ,by ,ald5 ,spoon]4 ,brooklyn3 #ahdf4 ,/ory ( ! ,v9e ,! ,/ory ( ! ,v9e4 ,by ,edw>d ,r4 ,em]son4 ,new ,york & ,london3 #aija4 ,/rong ,culture ( ! ,grape4 ,by ,w4 ,c4 ,/rong4 ,bo/on3 #ahff4 ,?omas ,! ,am]ican ,fruit ,culturi/4 ,by ,j4 ,j4 ,?omas4 ,publi%$ at v>i\s places4 ,fir/ edition1 #ahdf2 tw5ty-fir/ edition1 #aijc4 ,tomes ,! ,*ampagne ,c\ntry4 ,by ,rob]t ,tomes4 ,new ,york3 #ahfg4 ,trait g54 de vit4 ,trait g5]al de viticulture1 etc4 ,publi%$ "u ! direction ( ,p4 ,viala & ,v4 ,v]morel assi/$ by _m o!rs4 ,9 six volumes4 ,p>is3 #aijc4 ,tryon ,a ,practical ,treatise on ,grape ,culture1 etc4 ,by ,j4 ,h4 ,tryon4 ,will\ghby1 ,ohio3 #ahhg4 ,same1 second edition1 ,will\ghby1 ,ohio3 #ahic4 ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt4 ,reports ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture3 #ahfb to date4 ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt4 ,reports ( ! ,agricultural ,section ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice3 #ahcg to #ahfa4 ,v9ey>di/ ,! ,v9ey>di/4 ,p5n ,yan1 ,n4 ,y4 ,wait ,w9es & ,v9es ( ,cali=nia1 etc4 ,by ,frona ,eunice ,wait4 ,san ,francisco3 #ahhi4 ,w>d] ,see ,du ,breuil4 ,we/4 ,hort4 ,rev4 ,we/]n ,horticultural ,review4 ,j4 ,a4 ,w>d]1 editor4 ,c9c9nati3 #ahej-ahec4 ,woodw>d ,woodw>d's ,grap]ies & ,horticultural ,build+s4 ,by ,geo4 ,e4 ,f4 ,w4 ,woodw>d4 ,new ,york3 #ahfe4 ,,index4 7,names ( v>ieties 9 ?is index1 if accept$ names1 appe> 9 roman type2 if synonyms1 9 italics47 ,abby ,cl+ott51 #dcc ,ada1 #dcc ,adaptation1 #fh2 influ5ce ( air curr5t1 #ga2 ( altitude & latitude1 #fi2 ( f]tility1 #gj2 ( insects & fungi1 #gb2 ( moi/ure1 #fi1 #gj2 ( soil1 #ga2 ( temp]ature1 #fi ,adelaide1 #dcc ,adelia1 #dcc ,adel9e1 #dcc ,adirondac1 #aeg ,adlum1 ,john1 attempt to e/abli% an exp]im5tal f>m1 #de1 #df2 book by1 #de2 life (1 #de2 quot$1 #de1 #df1 #afa2 v>4 f\nd by1 #ddi ,admirable1 #dcc ,admirable 7syn4 ( ,f]n ,munson71 #bga ,admiral 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,adobe1 #dcc ,adobe ,l& grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 *amp9i71 #abd ,advance1 #aeh ,agawam1 #aeh ,aik51 #dcc ,air curr5ts1 #ga ,alabama1 grapes 91 #bj ,alabama 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,alabama 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cfi ,albaiis1 #dcc ,albania1 #dcc ,alb]t1 #dcc ,alb9o1 #dcc ,ald]ton1 ,d41 v>4 f\nd by1 #dff ,al$o1 #dcc ,ale?a1 #dcc ,alex&]1 #ag1 #de1 #ej1 #afj ,alex&] 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,alex&]1 ,john1 v>4 f\nd by1 #afa ,alex&]1 ,s4 ,r41 v>4 orig4 by1 #afc ,alex&] ,w9t]1 #afc ,alex&]'s 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,alex&ria 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,alf>ata1 #dcd ,alice 7,i71 #afd ,alice 7,,ii71 #afd ,alice ,lee1 #dcd ,allair1 #dcd ,all51 ,john ,fisk1 v>4 orig4 by1 #aff1 #dfa ,all5's ,hybrid #ef1 #eg1 #afe ,alma1 #dcd ,alphonse1 #dcd ,aluwe1 #dcd ,alvey1 #dcd ,alvey's ,l5ori 7syn4 ( ,l5ori71 #dgi ,alvey's ,logan 7syn4 ( ,logan71 #dha ,amadas & ,b>l[e1 quot$1 #cj1 #ca1 #ea ,amalia1 #dcd ,am&a1 #dcd ,ambecon1 #dcd ,amb]1 #dcd ,amb] 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,amb]71 #dee ,amb] ,que51 #aff ,ambrosia1 #afg ,amelia 7syn4 ( ,amalia71 #dcd ,am]bonte1 #dcd ,am]ica1 #afh ,am]ican grapes1 *>act]s (1 #c1 #d1 #ih1 #ajc1 #aje2 di/ribution (1 #bf2 e>ly hi/ory (1 #bf et seq42 resi/ance to disease1 #f2 species (1 #ajg ,am]ican grape v9e 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach ,am]ican ,hamburg1 #dcd ,am]ican ,muscad9e 7syn4 ( ,scupp]nong71 #cii ,am]sion1 #dcd ,ame?y/1 #afi ,am9ia1 #agj ,amonta1 #dce ,amoreaux 7syn4 ( ,l\isiana71 #cca ,amoreux 7syn4 ( ,rul&]71 #ejh ,amos1 #dce ,amy1 #dce ,&ov]1 #dce ,anida1 #dce ,anna1 #dce ,ann ,arbor 7syn4 ( ,:ite ,ann ,arbor71 #ebc ,annie ,m41 #dce ,an?racnose1 #hg ,antill1 ,edw>d1 essay by1 #ae1 #dj2 quot$1 #da ,anto9ette1 #aga ,anuta1 #dce ,arbeka1 #dce ,ar*]1 #dce ,ar*] 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,ar*]1 ,ellis ,s41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dce ,arcott 7syn4 ( ,cassady71 #dde ,ariadne1 #dce ,arizona grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 arizonica71 #acc ,arizon5sis 7syn4 ( ,v4 arizonica71 #acc ,arkansas1 grapes 91 #ed ,arkansas 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,arkansas 7syn4 ( ,cyn?iana71 #bbh ,arkansas 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #aji ,arkansaw1 #dce ,armalaga1 #dce ,armbrilong1 #dce ,armlong1 #dce ,arnold1 ,*>les1 life (1 #bjj2 v>4 orig4 by1 #agd1 #aij1 #bjj1 #cge1 #dej ,arnold's ,hybrid ,no4 #a 7syn4 ( ,o!llo71 #cgd ,arnold's ,no4 #b 7syn4 ( ,cornucopia71 #dej ,arnold's ,no4 #e 7syn4 ( ,autu*on71 #agc ,arnold's ,no4 #h 7syn4 ( ,brant71 #aij ,arnold's ,no4 #af 7syn4 ( ,canada71 #aii ,arnott 7syn4 ( ,cassady71 #dde ,aroma1 #dce ,arrold1 #dcf ,arrott 7syn4 ( ,cassady71 #dde ,ar?ur1 ,j4 ,s41 v>4 f\nd by1 #ejj ,a% 7syn4 ( ,ironclad71 #cjf ,a%-leav$ grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 c9]ea71 #aca ,a%y grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 c9]ea71 #aca ,asiatic ,w9e grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 v9if]a71 #aed ,atavite1 #dcf ,atoka1 #dcf ,auburn ,pe>l1 #dcf ,aughwick1 #dcf ,augu/ ,coral1 #dcf ,augu/ ,giant1 #agb ,augu/ ,isabella 7syn4 ( ,val5t9e71 #eai ,augu/ ,pione]1 #dcf ,augu/a1 #dcf ,augu/9a1 #dcf ,au/ralian 7syn4 ( ,hunt+don71 #dga ,au/ralis1 #dcf ,auteonello1 #dcf ,autu*on1 #agc ,av]y1 ,john ,p41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dcf ,av]y1 ,se?1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfb ,av]y ,prolific1 #dcf ,avilla1 #dcf ,ayres1 ,e4 ,j41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dcf ,ayres ,pride1 #dcf ,azure1 #dcf ,babcock1 ,d4 ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ebg ,bac*us1 #agd ,ba*man1 ,joseph1 v>4 orig4 by1 #agg1 #djf1 #eae ,bad>t1 #dcg ,bailey1 #agf ,bailey1 ,l4 ,h41 cit$1 #ajf1 #aba1 #adi2 life (1 #adb2 quot$1 #d1 #aab1 #acc1 #add2 "w on ,vitis by1 #aja2 writ+s (1 #adb ,bailey ,prolific1 #dcg ,bailie1 #dcg ,bailie1 ,samuel1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dcg ,bak]1 #dcg ,baldw9 ,l5oir1 #dcg ,baldw9's ,e>ly 7syn4 ( ,york ,madeira71 #ebi ,baltimore ,se$l+1 #dcg ,balzig]1 #dcg ,balzig]1 ,j41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dcg ,balzig]'s ,concord ,se$l+ ,no4 #b1 #dcg ,balzig]'s ,no4 #cb1 #dcg ,bann]1 #agg ,b>b>a1 #dcg ,b>k1 taxonomic value (1 #aje ,b>nes1 #dcg ,b>nes1 ,p>k]1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dcg ,b>oness1 #dcg ,b>ry1 #agg ,b>ry1 ,patrick1 cit$1 #cej ,b>ry's ,no4 #ai 7syn4 ( ,ro*e/]71 #chh ,b>tlett1 #dcg ,b>tram1 ,john1 life (1 #ig ,b>tram1 ,william1 cit$1 #afa1 #afb2 life (1 #ig2 quot$1 #d1 #fg1 #aci2 species comp>$ by1 #ih2 works (1 #ig ,ba%tite1 ,h4 ,t41 v>4 f\nd by1 #baa ,bates1 #dcg ,bau*man ,r$ ,fox1 #dcg ,baxt]1 #dcg ,bay ,/ate1 #dcg ,bea*1 #dch ,bea*1 ,dr4 ,soloman1 m5tion$1 #bjf ,bea*1 ,s4 ,a41 quot$1 #aje ,bea* grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 longii71 #abc ,beacon1 #agi ,beaconsfield 7syn4 ( ,*ampion71 #baj ,beagle1 #dch ,beansville1 #dch ,beau=t1 #dch ,beauty1 #ahj ,beauty ( ,m9nesota1 #dch ,beav]dam1 #dch ,beeby ,black1 #dch ,bel9da1 #dch ,bell1 #aha ,bellomont1 ,e>l (1 cit$1 #ac2 quot$1 #ab ,belton1 #dch ,belvid]e1 #dch ,belv91 #dch ,b51 #dch ,b5 ,hur1 #dch ,b5jam91 #dch ,b5?am1 ,george1 life (1 #ace2 works (1 #ace ,b]ckmans1 #ahb ,b]ckmans1 ,p4 ,j41 m5tion$1 #ahb ,b]ks1 #dci ,b]l&i]1 ,jean ,l\is1 life (1 #aca ,b]laussel1 #dci ,b]l91 #dci ,b]muda v9e 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag ,b]?a1 #dci ,b]tr&1 #ahc ,bessey1 ,c4 ,e41 cit$1 #ajf ,beta1 #dci ,bett9a1 #dci ,bev]ly1 ,rob]t1 quot$1 #h1 #cc1 #ch1 #ci ,big ,b ,con 7syn4 ( ,beacon71 #agi ,big ,b]ry1 #dci ,big ,black1 #dci ,big ,bun* 7syn4 ( ,big ,b]ry71 #dci ,big ,clu/]1 #dci ,big ,concord 7syn4 ( ,jumbo71 #dge ,big ,extra 7syn4 ( ,extra71 #dfj ,big ,hope1 #dci ,big ,oz>k1 #dci ,big ,r$ 7syn4 ( ,colli]71 #ddi ,bird grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 munsoniana71 #aab ,bird's ,egg1 #dci ,bird's-eye rot 7,see ,an?racnose7 ,bi%op1 #ddj ,bi%op1 ,d41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddj ,bism>ck1 #ddj ,bissell1 ,j4 ,w41 cit$1 #bad ,black1 ,dr4 ,r4 ,b41 v>4 f\nd by1 #dgh ,black ,be>1 #ddj ,black ,cape 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,black ,cl>et1 #ddj ,black ,clu/]1 #ddj ,black ,delaw>e1 #ddj ,black ,delaw>e 7syn4 ( ,nect>71 #ceh ,black ,defiance1 #ahd ,black ,eagle1 #ahe ,black ,el ,paso 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,black ,fox 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej ,black ,g]man 7syn4 ( ,m>ion 7,i771 #cci ,black ,g]man 7syn4 ( ,york ,madeira71 #ebi ,black ,gibralt> 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,black ,grape 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,black ,guign>d 7syn4 ( ,guign>d71 #dfe ,black ,hamburg1 #ahf ,black ,hawk1 #ahh ,black ,he>t1 #ddj ,black ,h]bemont1 #ddj ,black ,imp]ial1 #ahi ,black ,july 7syn4 ( ,dev]eaux71 #bce ,black ,july 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,black ,k+1 #ddj ,black ,l5oir 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,black ,madeira1 #ddj ,black ,pale/9e 7syn4 ( ,orwigsburg71 #dig ,black ,pe>l1 #ahi ,black ,portugal 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,black ,rose1 #ddj ,black-rot1 #hf ,black ,septemb]1 #ddj ,black ,s\vignon 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,black ,spani% 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,black ,spani% 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cfi ,black ,spani% ,alabama 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cfi ,black/one1 #dda ,black ,taylor1 #dda ,black ,t5]iffe 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,black ,t5nessee1 #dda ,black ,virg9ia1 #dda ,blackwood1 #dda ,blanco1 #dda ,bl&1 #dda ,bl&'s ,fox 7syn4 ( ,bl&71 #dda ,bl&'s grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rubra71 #abe ,bl&'s ,madeira 7syn4 ( ,bl&71 #dda ,bl&'s ,pale ,r$ 7syn4 ( ,bl&71 #dda ,bl&'s ,virg9ia 7syn4 ( ,bl&71 #dda ,blond91 #dda ,blood1 #dda ,blood1 ,mr41 v>4 orig9at$ by1 #dda ,blood ,black1 #dda ,blood ,:ite1 #dda ,bloom 7syn4 ( ,crevel+71 #bbd ,bloomburg 7syn4 ( ,crevel+71 #bbd ,blue ,dy]1 #dda ,blue ,els+burg 7syn4 ( ,els+burgh71 #beg ,blue ,favorite1 #ddb ,blue ,fr5* 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,blue ,fr5* 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cgj ,blue grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach ,blue ,grape 7syn4 ( ,dev]eaux71 #bce ,blue grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 bicolor71 #add ,blue ,grape ( ! ,s\? 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,blue ,imp]ial1 #ddb ,blue ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,b]tr&71 #ahc ,blue ,t>t 7syn4 ( ,oporto71 #cgb ,blue ,troll+] 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,blue ,v9e ,grape 7syn4 ( ,oporto71 #cgb ,boadicea1 #ddb ,bocksaug5 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,bogue's ,eureka 7syn4 ( ,eureka 7,i771 #bfh ,bok*ito1 #ddb ,boll+1 ,col4 ,rob]t1 book by1 #ae2 quot$1 #dj ,bomm]] 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,bonne ,madame1 #ddb ,bossung1 ,jacob ,p41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eji ,bo/wick1 ,rev4 ,william1 m5tion$1 #ed1 #hc ,bottsi1 #ddb ,bottsi 7syn4 ( ,h]bemont71 #bhh ,b\lev>d1 #ddb ,b[k]1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dib ,b[man1 #ddb ,brackett's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,w9*e/]71 #ebf ,brackett's ,w9*e/] 7syn4 ( ,w9*e/]71 #ebf ,braddock1 #ddb ,bradley1 #ddb ,bra5dley1 #ddb ,br& ,:ite1 #ddb ,brant1 #aij ,breck1 #ddb ,breece1 ,j4 ,s41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dcf1 #dea ,bridgewat]1 #ddb ,brighton1 #aia ,brilliant1 #aic ,brod]ick1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dcf ,br[n1 #aie ,br[n1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ebg ,br[n1 ,jason1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfi ,br[n1 ,wm4 ,b41 quot$1 #aie2 v>4 f\nd by1 #aie ,br[n ,fr5* 7syn4 ( ,h]bemont71 #bhh ,br[n ,hamburgh 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,br[n ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,br[n71 #aie ,br[n's ,e>ly 7syn4 ( ,br[n71 #aie ,bruce1 ,philip ,alex&]1 quot$1 #cb ,brunk1 #ddc ,buck ,grape 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,buckley1 ,samuel ,bots=d1 cit$1 #abh2 life ( #aaf1 #aag ,bui/1 #ddc ,bui/1 ,h4 ,b41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddc ,bull 7syn4 ( ,scupp]nong71 #cii ,bull1 ,ephraim ,w41 life (1 #bba2 v>4 orig4 by1 #bba1 #bbc1 #bfd1 #chi1 #dgi1 #dha1 #dhh1 #ejh1 #eai ,bull grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #ajh ,bull's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,concord71 #bai ,bullace 7syn4 ( ,scupp]nong71 #cii ,bullace 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #aji ,bullet 7syn4 ( ,scupp]nong71 #cii ,bullet grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #ajh ,bullis 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #aji ,bullit 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #aji ,bullitt 7syn4 ( ,taylor71 #djh ,bullitt1 ,cu?b]t1 m5tion$1 #dji ,bump]1 #ddc ,bun* grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach ,buncombe1 #ddc ,bundy1 #ddc ,bundy1 ,david1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bag1 #ddc ,burbank1 ,lu!r1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dee ,burgund] 7syn4 ( ,l\isiana71 #cca ,burgundy 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,burgundy 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cgj ,burgundy ( ,georgia 7syn4 ( ,paul9e71 #dii ,burl+ton1 #ddc ,burnet1 #ddc ,burr1 ,john1 life (1 #bea2 v>4 orig4 by1 #bea1 #bef1 #cja1 #cbb1 #ccg1 #dje1 #ddi1 #dfj1 #dfb1 #dgb1 #dgd1 #dhf1 #dhg1 #dif1 #dig1 #dih1 #dii1 #ejj1 #ejb1 #ejc1 #eaa1 #eae1 #ebd ,burr ,no4 #a 7syn4 ( ,jewel71 #cba ,burr ,no4 #i 7syn4 ( ,ideal71 #cja ,burr ,no4 #dg 7syn4 ( ,leav5wor?71 #dgi ,burr's ,e>ly 7syn4 ( ,jewel71 #cba ,burr's ,no4 #ae 7syn4 ( ,p>agon71 #dii ,burr's ,no4 #ai 7syn4 ( ,:ite ,jewel71 #ebd ,burr\ghs1 #ddc ,burr[s1 ,j4 ,g41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddc ,burr[s ,no4 #db;,c1 #ddc ,burton ,e>ly1 #ddc ,burton's ,e>ly ,augu/ 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,augu/71 #dee ,bu%1 #ddc ,bu%1 ,isadore1 cit$1 #aai1 #ahj1 #bjh2 life (1 #aai2 quot$1 #add ,bu% grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 longii71 #abc ,bu% grape ( ,texas 7syn4 ( ,v4 rupe/ris71 #aac ,bu%b]g1 #ddc ,bu%b]g ,catalogue1 quot$1 #ahi1 #bcf ,bu%y grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #aji ,cabot1 #ddd ,cairnano1 #ddd ,cali=nia grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 cali=nica71 #ace ,cali=nia grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 girdiana71 #acf ,cali=nia1 grapes 91 #be2 rais9s 91 #fg ,cali=nia region1 #fa ,cali=nia ,rosea1 #ddd ,cali=nia ,:ite1 #ddd ,calk9s1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dga ,call[ay1 #ddd ,caloosa 7syn4 ( ,v4 c>iboea71 #adf ,caloosa grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 c&icans coriacea71 #adh ,calypso1 #ddd ,camaks1 #ddd ,camaks1 ,james1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddd ,cambridge1 #ddd ,camd51 #ddd ,cam]on1 ,john ,d41 v>4 orig4 by1 #did ,campbell 7syn4 ( ,campbell ,e>ly71 #aif ,campbell 7syn4 ( ,e>ly ,gold571 #def ,campbell1 ,geo4 ,w41 cit$1 #aae2 life (1 #aih2 v>4 orig4 by1 #aih1 #dac1 #dci1 #dge1 #die1 #ejj1 #ejc1 #ebc1 #edi1 #eej ,campbell ,e>ly1 #aif ,campbell's ,concord ,hybrid ,no4 #f 7syn4 ( ,triumph71 #daa ,campbell's ,se$l+ ,no4 #f 7syn4 ( ,triumph71 #daa ,canaan1 #ddd ,canada1 #aii ,canadian ,hamburg 7syn4 ( ,o!llo71 #cgd ,canadian ,hybrid 7syn4 ( ,o!llo71 #cgd ,can&aigua1 #bja ,canby1 #ddd ,canby1 ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddd ,canby's ,augu/ 7syn4 ( ,york ,madeira71 #ebi ,canon grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 arizonica71 #acc ,canonicus1 #ddd ,canyon grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 arizonica71 #acc ,cape 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,cape 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,cape grape 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #ej ,cape ,may ,prolific1 #ddd ,cape ( ,good ,hope grape 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,capital1 #ddd ,capta91 #bja ,captraube 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,c>lotte1 #ddd ,c>man1 #bjb ,c>m9et1 #dde ,c>ol9a 7syn4 ( ,c>ol9e71 #dde ,c>ol9a ,blue ,muscad9e1 #dde ,c>ol9a ,p[el 7syn4 ( ,bl&71 #dda ,c>ol9e1 #dde ,c>p5t]1 ,*>les1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddh1 #deh1 #dhc1 #dia ,c>p5t]'s ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,mottl$71 #dia ,c>t]1 #dde ,c>t] 7syn4 ( ,to-,kalon71 #daj ,c>v]1 #dde ,case1 #dde ,case1 ,s4 ,d41 v>4 f\nd4 by1 #dea ,case ,cry/al1 #dde ,casp>1 #dde ,casp>1 ,a41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dde ,cassady1 #dde ,cassady1 ,h4 ,p41 v>4 orig41 by1 #dde ,cat ,bird grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rubra71 #abe ,cat grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rubra71 #abe ,cat>obe1 #dde ,catawba1 #ej1 #bjc ,catawba ,tokay 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,catawissa 7syn4 ( ,crevel+71 #bbd ,catawissa ,bloom 7syn4 ( ,crevel+71 #bbd ,ca!r9e1 #dde ,catoosa1 #dde ,cayuga1 #bjh ,caywood1 ,&rew ,jackson1 life (1 #bdg2 v>4 orig4 by1 #bdg1 #bgb1 #ceh1 #cha1 #dad1 #dbj1 #dde1 #dga1 #dhj1 #dhc1 #dhg1 #dij1 #ebd ,caywood ,no4 #a1 #dde ,caywood ,no4 #ej1 #dde ,c5t5nial1 #bjh ,c5tral lake di/rict1 #gb2 acreage (1 #he2 climate (1 #hb1 #hc2 fir/ plant+s 91 #hc2 fir/ %ipm5ts f1 #hd2 fungi 91 #hf1 #hg2 geology (1 #ha2 insects 91 #he1 #hf2 prun+ & tra9+ 91 #he2 season (1 #hd1 #he2 soils (1 #hb2 topography (1 #hb2 w9e 91 #hd ,*all5ge1 #bji ,*all5ge 7syn4 ( ,o!llo71 #cgd ,*amb]sburg ,:ite1 #dde ,*ambril1 #dde ,*ampagne1 #fe2 production ( 9 ,u4 ,s41 #fe ,*ampanel1 #ddf ,*ampania 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,*amp9 grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 *amp9i71 #abd ,*ampion1 #baj ,*ampova1 #ddf ,*&l]1 #ddf ,*&l]1 ,n4 ,m41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddf ,*ap91 #ddf ,*>les1 #ddf ,*>les ,a4 ,gre51 #ddf ,*as4 ,d[n+ 7syn4 ( ,d[n+71 #bdb ,*>lotte1 #ddf ,*>lton1 #ddf ,*>lton1 ,john1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddf ,*>t] ,oak1 #ddf ,*ase1 ,col4 ,l41 v>4 orig4 by1 #did1 #ege ,*autauqua1 #baa ,*autauqua di/rict1 #fa1 #gb2 acreage (1 #gh2 c>e ( v9ey>ds 91 #gi2 climate (1 #ge1 #gf2 fir/ plant+s 91 #ed1 #gf2 fir/ %ipm5ts f1 #gg2 geology (1 #gc2 grape juice 91 #ff2 hi/ory (1 #gf et seq42 insects 91 #gi2 production ( grapes 91 #gi2 rank ( v>ieties 91 #gi2 soil (1 #gd1 #ge2 w9e 91 #gg ,*av\%1 #ddf ,*e[a1 #ddf ,*]okee1 #ddf ,*]okee 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,*]okee 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,*icago1 #ddf ,*ick5-grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach ,*ide/]1 ,c4 ,p41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddf1 #ddg1 #dhc ,*ide/] ,no4 #a 7syn4 ( ,lyon71 #dhc ,*ide/]'s ,se$l+s1 #ddf1 #ddg ,*ild]s1 ,james1 v>4 f\nd by1 #dgf ,*illico!1 #ddg ,*ippewa1 #ddg ,*i%olm1 ,dr4 ,l4 ,c41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bce1 #ccd1 #dce1 #ddc1 #ddg1 #dfc1 #dgh1 #ebe ,*i%olm's ,se$l+s1 #ddg ,*lorosis1 #hg ,*ocolate1 #ddg ,*oteau1 #ddh ,*ri/ian1 ,jacob1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ejb ,*ri/ie's ,improv$ ,isabella 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,*ri/9e 7syn4 ( ,telegraph71 #dji ,*ri/9e1 ,mr41 v>4 f\nd by1 #daj ,*ur* ,se$l+1 #ddh ,cig> ,box 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cgj ,cig> ,box ,grape 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,c9c9nati ,horticultural ,society ,report1 quot$1 #cgj1 #cga ,cl>5ce 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,cl>et1 #ddh ,cl>issa1 #ddh ,cl>k1 #ddh ,cl>k1 ,b4 ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cfa ,cl>k1 ,dr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ejf ,cl>k1 ,j4 ,t4 ,c41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddi1 #dei ,cl>k1 ,james ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddh1 #eji ,cl>k ,se$l+1 #ddh ,cl>kes1 #ddh ,classification ( ,vitis1 #ajg ,claude1 #ddh ,cle>y1 ,m4 ,f41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dea ,clem5t1 ,asa1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bdd ,cleopatra1 #ddh ,clev5]1 #bab ,clev5] 7syn4 ( ,l\isiana71 #cca ,clifton1 #ddh ,clifton1 ,william1 m5tion$1 #afa ,clifton's ,con/antia 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,climax1 #ddh ,cl9ton1 #bac ,cl9ton-,vialia1 #ddh ,cloan?a1 #ddh ,cloeta1 #baf ,cl\gh1 ,james ,milton1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dbf ,clov] ,/reet ,black1 #ddh ,clov] ,/reet ,r$1 #ddh ,clu/]1 #ddh ,clyde1 #ddi ,cobb1 ,mr41 v>4 f\nd by1 #dji ,coble1 ,h4 ,c41 v>4 orig4 by1 #deb ,co*ee1 #ddi ,coe1 #ddi ,c(f91 ,j4 ,t41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dhe ,coleman's ,:ite 7syn4 ( ,cuyahoga71 #dea ,col]a91 #bag ,colesv9e1 #ddi ,colli]1 #ddi ,coll9a1 #ddi ,colorado1 #ddi ,colp1 #ddi ,columbia1 #ddi ,columbia ,bloom 7syn4 ( ,crevel+71 #bbd ,columbia ,c\nty 7syn4 ( ,crevel+71 #bbd ,columbian1 #ddi ,columbian 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,columbian 7syn4 ( ,columbian ,imp]ial71 #bah ,columbian ,imp]ial1 #bah ,columbus1 #ddi ,common ,blue grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach ,compacta1 #ddi ,conckl+'s ,wild+ 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,concord1 #ee1 #eg1 #ff1 #bai ,concord ,*asselas1 #ddi ,concord ,muscat1 #dej ,concordia1 #dej ,conelva1 #dej ,connecticut1 #dej ,connecticut ,se$l+1 #dej ,conqu]or1 #dej ,con/antia 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,con/antia 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,cont95tal 7syn4 ( ,c5t5nial71 #bjh ,cooke1 ,dr4 ,?os4 ,r41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dhg ,coop]1 ,joseph1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dej ,coop] ,w9e1 #dej ,copley1 ,c4 ,j41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddb1 #ddd1 #ddh1 #dej1 #deb1 #dec1 #dhb1 #dhh1 #dih1 #ejh1 #ebc1 #ebi ,copley's ,hybrids1 #dej ,copp]m9e1 #dej ,corby1 #dej ,corby1 ,c4 ,c41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dej1 #dij ,coriel1 #dej ,cornelia1 #dej ,cornucopia1 #dej ,corporal1 #dea ,corsican1 #dea ,cortl&1 #dea ,cotoct91 #dea ,cottage1 #bbb ,c\rtl& 7syn4 ( ,cortl&71 #dea ,cov]t1 #dea ,cov]t1 ,n4 ,b41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dea ,c[an1 #dea ,cox1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dcf ,cozy1 #dea ,craig1 #dea ,cr&all1 ,p4 ,b41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dhj ,crans1 ,pet]1 m5tion$1 #cdd ,crehore1 ,mrs4 ,diana1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bdj ,crevel+1 #bbd ,critic1 #dea ,croton1 #bbe ,cr[n1 #dea ,cry/al1 #dea ,culb]t1 ,dr4 ,w4 ,a4 ,m41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bdi1 #dea1 #deb1 #dfc1 #dic1 #ejc1 #eac ,culb]t ,se$l+1 #dea ,culb]t's ,no4 #c 7syn4 ( ,newburgh ,muscat71 #dic ,culb]t ,no4 #e 7syn4 ( ,gold5 ,b]ry71 #dfc ,culb]t's ,se$l+ ,no4 #f 7syn4 ( ,purple ,bloom71 #ejc ,cul9>y ,grape 7syn4 ( ,:ite ,nor!rn ,muscat71 #ebd ,cunn+ham1 #bbg ,cunn+ham1 ,jacob1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bbh ,currant grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #aji ,curtis1 #dea ,curtis1 ,dr41 cit$1 #bcf ,curtis1 ,geo41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dia ,curtis1 ,mrs41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfd ,cuyahoga1 #dea ,cuy>ano1 #deb ,cyncon1 #deb ,cyn?iana1 #bbh ,daisy1 #bcj ,dale1 ,sir ,?omas1 m5tion$1 #cb ,dana1 #deb ,dana1 ,francis1 v>4 orig4 by1 #deb1 #did ,danbury1 #deb ,dank]s1 ,jasp]1 quot$1 #aj ,daphne1 #deb ,d>tm\?1 #deb ,d>w91 #deb ,david ,hall ,grape 7syn4 ( ,logan71 #dha ,davis1 #deb ,davk9a1 #deb ,davy1 ,g5]al1 m5tion$1 #bjf ,dawson1 ,j4 ,h41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dig ,de ,c&olle1 ,augu/9 ,pyramus1 life (1 #adf2 writ+s (1 #adf ,de ,c&olle1 ,alphonse ,l\is ,pi]re ,pyrame1 life (1 #adf2 writ+s (1 #adf2 cit$1 #aee ,de ,grasset1 #deb ,delago1 #deb ,delaw>e & ,cl9ton ,no4 #a 7syn4 ( ,b]ckmans71 #ahb ,delaw>e1 #bca ,delaw>e1 grapes 91 #cd ,delaw>e1 ,"l1 m5tion$1 #cb2 quot$1 #f1 #i ,delaw>e ,se$l+1 #deb ,delaw>e ,se$l+ ,no4 #b1 #dec ,delaw>e ,se$l+ ,no4 #d 7syn4 ( ,delaw>e ,se$l+71 #deb ,delaw>e ,se$l+ ,no4 #i1 #dec ,delaw>e ,se$l+ ,no4 #af1 #dec ,delawba1 #bcd ,d',elb\x1 #dec ,d',elb\x ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,d',elb\x71 #dec ,delgoe!1 #dec ,delici\s1 #dec ,delm>1 #dec ,delm]lie1 #dec ,de ,lyon1 ,abraham1 m5tion$1 #i ,dempsey1 ,p4 ,c41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddc1 #dec ,dempsey's ,se$l+s1 #dec ,d5ison1 #dec ,d5nis1 ,john1 v>4 f\nd by1 #ded ,d5nis ,se$l+1 #ded ,d5ni/on1 #ded ,d5ni/on1 ,isaac1 v>4 f\nd by1 #ded ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture ,report1 quot$1 #cif ,d]y1 ,alexis1 v>4 orig4 by1 #eji ,d]y1 ,magloire1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfc ,de ,soto1 #ded ,detroit1 #ded ,dev]eaux1 #bce ,dev]eaux ( ,g>d5+ = ! ,s\? 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,dev]eaux 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,dev]eaux 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cgj ,dev]eaux1 ,samuel ,m41 m5tion$1 #bcf ,dev]eux 7syn4 ( ,dev]eaux71 #bce ,dev]eux 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,diamond1 #bcf ,diamond1 ,moore 7syn4 ( ,diamond71 #bcf ,diana1 #bch ,diana ,hamburg1 #bda ,diaphragm1 taxonomic value (1 #ajb ,dick5s1 ,alb]t1 cit$1 #bga ,dill]1 #ded ,d+wall ,:ite1 #ded ,d9kel1 #ded ,diog5es 7syn4 ( ,ironclad71 #cjf ,dissect$ v9e 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis l9cecumii71 #adj ,di/ribution1 factors (1 #fi ,div]se ,leav$ 7syn4 ( ,texas71 #eaf ,dixie1 #ded ,dixon1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dge ,doan's grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 doaniana71 #acg ,dr4 ,ba91 #ded ,dr4 ,colli] 7syn4 ( ,colli]71 #ddi ,dr4 ,kell] 7syn4 ( ,kell]71 #dge ,dr4 ,kemp1 #ded ,dr4 ,rob9son ,se$l+1 #ded ,dr4 ,w>d]1 #ded ,dod]1 #ded ,dod]1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ded ,dog ,ridge1 #ded ,dolle1 #dee ,don ,juan1 #bdb ,donnelly1 ,r4 ,j41 m5tion$1 #baj ,dor*e/] 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,dor9da1 #dee ,dorr ,se$l+1 #dee ,d[n+1 #bdb ,d[n+1 ,a4 ,j41 quot$1 #ef1 #afc ,d[n+1 ,*>les1 quot$1 #aia1 #aie1 #cda ,d[ny ,canyon grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 arizonica71 #acc ,d[ny grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 c9]ea71 #aca ,d[ny mildew1 #hf ,dracut ,amb]1 #bdd ,dry ,hill ,beauty1 #dee ,duck-%ot grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach ,duf\r1 #dee ,duf\r1 ,john ,james1 cit$1 #afc2 life (1 #ag2 quot$1 #ag1 #ah1 #ai1 #bj1 #bd1 #dg1 #eg1 #afb ,dunlap1 #dee ,dunlap 7syn4 ( ,lady ,dunlap71 #dgh ,dunn1 #dee ,dunn 7syn4 ( ,h]bemont71 #bhh ,duquett1 #dee ,duquett's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,duquett71 #dee ,durfee1 ,dr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddh ,dut*1 ,am]ican grape culture by1 #aj ,dut* ,hamburgh 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,dut*ess1 #bdf ,eames1 ,lu!r1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dee ,eames ,se$l+1 #dee ,e>ly1 #dee ,e>ly ,amb]1 #dee ,e>ly ,amb] 7syn4 ( ,dracut ,amb]71 #bdd ,e>ly ,augu/1 #dee ,e>ly ,bird1 #def ,e>ly ,black1 #def ,e>ly ,black 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,e>ly ,black ,july1 #def ,e>ly ,black ,summ] ,grape1 #def ,e>ly ,*ampion 7syn4 ( ,*ampion71 #baj ,e>ly ,concord1 #def ,e>ly ,daisy1 #bdh ,e>ly ,dawn1 #bdi ,e>ly ,delmonico1 #def ,e>ly ,gold51 #def ,e>ly ,h>ve/1 #def ,e>ly ,hudson1 #def ,e>ly ,june1 #def ,e>ly ,lebanon1 #def ,e>ly ,malvasia1 #def ,e>ly ,m>ket1 #deg ,e>ly ,nor!rn ,muscad9e 7syn4 ( ,nor!rn ,muscad9e71 #cfe ,e>ly ,ohio1 #bdi ,e>ly ,prolific1 #deg ,e>ly ,purple1 #deg ,e>ly ,vicks1 #deg ,e>ly ,victor1 #bej ,e>ly ,w9e1 #deg ,ea/]n region1 #ei1 #fa ,eaton1 #beb ,eaton1 ,calv91 v>4 orig4 by1 #bec ,eaton's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,eaton71 #beb ,ebony1 #deg ,e*l&1 #deg ,eclipse 7,i71 #bed ,eclipse 7,,ii71 #bef ,ed51 #deg ,edme/on1 #deg ,edme/on1 ,d4 ,g41 v>4 orig4 by1 #deg ,edme/on ,no4 #a 7syn4 ( ,edme/on71 #deg ,edw>d1 #deg ,egg]t1 ,h41 m5tion$1 #aae ,egg]t's grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rubra71 #abe ,ei*elb]g]1 ,?omas1 m5tion$1 #dd ,ela9e1 #deg ,elbl+1 #deg ,eleala1 #deg ,electra1 #deh ,elizabe?1 #deh ,elkton1 #deh ,ell51 #deh ,ellwang] & ,b>ry1 v>4 orig4 by1 #cej1 #chh ,el ,paso 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,el ,paso 7syn4 ( ,mission71 #dhi ,el ,paso 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cgj ,elpo1 #deh ,els5burgh 7syn4 ( ,els9burgh71 #beg ,els9boro 7syn4 ( ,els9burgh71 #beg ,els9bor\gh 7syn4 ( ,els9burgh71 #beg ,els9burg 7syn4 ( ,els9burgh71 #beg ,els+burg 7syn4 ( ,els9burgh71 #beg ,els9burgh1 #beg ,elsm]e1 #deh ,elviba*1 #deh ,elvic&1 #beh ,elv91 #deh ,elvira1 #bei ,elvira ,se$l+ ,no4 #h 7syn4 ( ,etta71 #bfe ,em]ald1 #deh ,emma1 #deh ,empire ,/ate1 #bfa ,enfield1 #deh ,englemann1 ,george1 life (1 #aca1 #acb2 cit$1 #ajf1 #aah1 #abc1 #abh1 #acb2 quot$1 #ajd1 #aje1 #adc2 "w on ,vitis by1 #ajj1 #aja ,engle1 ,c41 v>4 orig4 by1 #deg1 #deh1 #dfe1 #dfh1 #dfi1 #dgb1 #dhg1 #dhh1 #ejc1 #eaf1 #ebj1 #efe ,engle's ,se$l+s1 #deh ,engli%1 ,am]ican grape culture by1 #f ,ens5b]g]1 ,g4 ,a41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bic1 #caa1 #dei1 #dfh1 #dgb1 #dge1 #dhf ,ens5b]g]'s ,se$l+s1 #dei ,eolia1 #dei ,epurill1 #dei ,erickson1 #dei ,ersk9e1 ,e4 ,m41 m5tion$1 #fb2 quot$1 #ec ,essex1 #bfc ,essex ,c\nty 7,mass47 ,se$l+1 #dei ,e/ave1 ,&rew1 m5tion$1 #h ,e/ell1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ejf ,e/ella1 #dei ,e/]1 #bfd ,etawa1 #dei ,etta1 #bfe ,eudora1 #dei ,eufala1 #dei ,eug5ia1 #dei ,eum$el1 #dei ,eumelan1 #bff ,eumorely1 #dfj ,eureka 7,i71 #bfh ,eureka 7,,ii71 #bfh ,european grape 7syn4 ,v4 v9if]a71 #aed ,european grapes1 ,am]ican culture by ,fr5*1 #i2 *>act]s (1 #c1 #d1 #aee2 culture 9 ,virg9ia1 #h2 fir/ plant+s 9 ,am]ica1 #f ,eva1 #dfj ,eval9e1 #dfj ,ev5d51 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dhc ,ev]be>+ grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 munsoniana71 #aab ,ev]ett1 #dfj ,ew+1 #dfj ,ew+'s ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,ew+71 #dfj ,excelsior1 #bfi ,exquisite1 #dfj ,extra1 #dfj ,fai?1 #bgj ,fall grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 b]l&i]i71 #acj ,fallwicke1 #dfj ,fallwicke1 ,joseph1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfj ,false ,scupp]nong 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #aji ,fan*]1 #dfj ,fan*] 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,fanny ,hoke1 #dfj ,f>m]s ,club1 #dfj ,f>rell1 #dfj ,f>rell1 ,d41 v>4 f\nd by1 #dfj ,f> ,we/1 #dfa ,fay1 ,elijah1 m5tion$1 #ed2 life (1 #gf ,fay1 ,l9coln1 m5tion$1 #gg ,feem/]1 #dfa ,feem/] ,favorite1 #dfa ,f5a1 #dfa ,f]n 7syn4 ( ,f]n ,munson71 #bga ,f]n ,munson1 #bga ,fidia1 #gi1 #hj ,fidia viticida 7,see ,fidia7 ,fi%]1 ,e4 ,p41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ead1 #ebb1 #ebe ,fisk1 #dfa ,fit*burg1 #dfa ,flea-beetle1 #hj ,flei% ,traube 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,flickwir1 #dfa ,flora1 #dfa ,flor5ce1 #bgb ,flor5ce1 #dfa ,florida1 grapes 91 #cj ,florida ,bird grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 munsoniana71 #aab ,florida grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 munsoniana71 #aab ,fl[] ( ,miss\ri1 #dfa ,fl[]s1 #dfa ,fluke1 ,newton ,k41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfa ,fluke's ,hybrids1 #dfa ,folsom1 ,s41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bfh ,=eign grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 v9if]a71 #aed ,fo/]1 #dfa ,fox1 #dfa ,fox 7syn4 ( ,fit*burg71 #dfa ,fox grape1 #ci1 #da ,fox grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia71 #abg ,fox grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #adi ,fox grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #ajh ,fox grape ( ! ,nor!rn ,/ates 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej ,fox grape ( ! ,s\? 7syn4 ( ,scupp]nong71 #cii ,foxy1 def9$1 #d ,frak5?al] 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,frak]1 ,william ,a41 v>4 f\nd by1 #dcf ,framboisi] 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,fram+ham1 #dfa ,frances ,e4 ,will>d1 #dfb ,franc's ,hybrid 7syn4 ( ,hybrid ,franc71 #cjj ,frank5dale 7syn4 ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,frank5?al] gros noir 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,frankl91 #dfb ,fr$onia1 #dfb ,free ,black 7syn4 ( ,fit*burg71 #dfa ,fr5*1 ,am]ican grape culture by1 #i ,fr5* ,grape 7syn4 ( ,craig71 #dea ,fr5* grape 7syn4 ( ,delaw>e71 #bca ,fr5* ,grape 7syn4 ( ,frankl971 #dfb ,fritz1 #dfb ,fro/1 #dfb ,fro/ 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag ,fro/ grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach ,fro/ grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia71 #abg ,fro/-grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej ,fruit1 taxonomic value (1 #ajc ,ga]tn]1 #bgb ,gallup ,se$l+1 #dfb ,g&y1 ,r4 ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ejj ,g>b]1 #dfb ,g>b]1 ,j4 ,b41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dcc1 #dfb1 #dhe1 #did ,g>b] ,r$ ,fox1 #dfb ,g>b]'s ,alb9o 7syn4 ( ,alb9o71 #dcc ,g>b]'s ,r$-,fox 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,g>b]'s ,:ite 7syn4 ( ,alb9o71 #dcc ,g>dn]1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dff ,g>field1 #dfb ,g>net1 #dfb ,g>rigues1 #dfb ,gassman1 #dfb ,gaug]1 #dfb ,gazelle1 #dfb ,gelbholzig] ,troll+] 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,g5]al ,pope1 #dfb ,g5esee1 #dfc ,g5eva1 #bgd ,georgia1 grapes 91 #i1 #ed ,g]big1 ,a4 ,v41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfc ,g]big ,no4 #b1 #dfc ,g]big ,no4 #aj1 #dfc ,g]man ,grape 7syn4 ( ,m>ion 7,,ii771 #cda ,g]man ,se$l+1 #dfc ,g]man ,w9e 7syn4 ( ,york ,madeira71 #ebi ,giant1 #dfc ,giant ,leaf 7syn4 ( ,ries5blatt71 #ejf ,gibb1 #dfc ,gibbs1 ,mrs4 ,isabella1 m5tion$1 #cjh ,gibb's grape 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,gibralt] 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,gilb]t1 ,g>ret1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfc ,gilb]t's ,:ite ,%onga1 #dfc ,gill ,wylie1 #dfc ,gilt ,edge1 #dfc ,gl5feld1 #bge ,globe 7syn4 ( ,sage71 #cie ,god>d1 ,francis1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dgi ,goe!1 #bgf ,g(f1 #bgg ,g(f1 ,e4 ,s41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bgh ,gold ,co91 #bhj ,gold ,du/1 #dfc ,gold5 ,beauty1 #dfc ,gold5 ,b]ry1 #dfc ,gold5 ,cl9ton1 #dfc ,gold5 ,concord1 #dfd ,gold5 ,drop1 #bha1 #dfd ,gold5 ,gem1 #dfd ,gold5 ,gra91 #dfd ,gold5 ,pockl+ton 7syn4 ( ,pockl+ton71 #cgi ,gold/e91 #dfd ,gold/e9's ,e>ly 7syn4 ( ,gold/e971 #dfd ,good ,adle1 #dfd ,goodale1 ,geo41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ebd ,goodhue1 ,c4 ,h41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dih ,goodman1 #dfd ,gov]nor ,irel&1 #dfd ,gov]nor ,ross1 #dfd ,graham1 #dfd ,graham1 ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfd ,grant1 ,dr4 ,c4 ,w41 life (1 #cjd2 v>4 orig4 by1 #cjd1 #cab ,grape di/ricts ( ,new ,york1 #gb ,grape fruit worm1 #hj1 #ha ,grape-gr[]s1 e>ly1 9 ,unit$ ,/ates1 #dh ,grape-gr[+1 developm5t (1 #eh2 rank (1 9 /ates1 #gb2 specialization (1 #ei2 /atus ( 9 #ahcj1 #dg1 #dh1 #di2 /atus ( 9 #ahei1 #ec1 #ee2 /atus ( 9 #ahhj1 #ei2 /atus ( 9 #ahij1 #ei1 #fa ,grape juice1 #ff ,grape leaf-hopp]1 #hj ,grape regions1 #ei1 #fj ,grape-v9e flea-beetle1 #hj ,grape-v9e fidia1 #gi ,grapes1 adaptation (1 #fh2 culture by ,dut*1 #aj2 culture by ,engli%1 #f1 #g2 culture by ,spani>ds1 #f2 culture by ,sw$es1 #aj2 e>ly hi/ory (1 #bf2 evolution (1 #cf2 acc\nts ( by e>ly explor]s1 #bi2 classification (1 #ajg1 #ajh2 improvem5t (1 #bh2 evolution (1 #bf2 fir/ records (1 #bi2 habitat (1 #bg2 means ( di/ribution (1 #bg2 native1 #ci2 value (1 #cf2 self-f]tility (1 #ajd2 self-/]ility (1 #ajd2 soil =1 #ga2 wild1 z index to grape regions1 #bh2 wild1 9 ,nor? ,am]ica1 #bf ,gravel1 #dfd ,grave/ock1 ,john1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddi ,gray1 ,asa1 cit$1 #ajf ,gray1 ,j4 ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ebh ,gray1 ,w4 ,c41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfd ,gray ,delaw>e 7syn4 ( ,delaw>e71 #bca ,gray's ,se$l+s1 #dfd ,grayson1 #dfd ,great ,black ,muscad9e 7syn4 ( ,willis ,l>ge ,black71 #ebe ,great ,clu/] 7syn4 ( ,big ,b]ry71 #dci ,greeley1 ,horace1 m5tion$1 #bbb2 quot$1 #bbj ,gre5 ,ca/le1 #dfd ,gre5 ,e>ly1 #bha ,gre5e1 ,o4 ,j41 v>4 f\nd by1 #bha ,gre5e1 ,william ,e41 v>4 f\nd by1 #dag ,gre51 ,william ,e41 v>4 orig4 by1 #def1 #dij ,gre5 ,m\nta9 7syn4 ( ,w9*ell71 #dbe ,gre5 ,muscad9e 7syn4 ( ,scupp]nong71 #cii ,gre5 ,scupp]nong 7syn4 ( ,scupp]nong71 #cii ,gre5 ,ul/]1 #dfe ,gre]1 #dfe ,gre9 ,extra ,e>ly1 #dfe ,gre9 ,gold51 #bhb ,gre91 ,ni*olas1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bhc1 #cdi1 #dfe ,gre9 ,no4 #g 7syn4 ( ,gre9 ,extra ,e>ly71 #dfe ,gre9's ,no4 #a 7syn4 ( ,miss\ri ,riesl+71 #cdi ,gre9's ,no4 #b 7syn4 ( ,gre9 ,gold571 #bhb ,gre9's ,se$l+s1 #dfe ,grevaduly1 #dfe ,grev]son1 #dfe ,grote1 #dfe ,grove1 #dfe ,gu]nsey ,grape 7syn4 ( ,willis ,fr$onia71 #ebe ,gue/a1 #dfe ,guign>d1 #dfe ,guign>dia bidwellii 7,see ,black-rot7 ,gu9evra1 #dfe ,gula1 #dfe ,gul*1 #dfe ,gul* grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 arizonica71 #acc ,gul* grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 longii71 #abc ,gunn1 ,w>d ,d41 v>4 f\nd by1 #afd ,hadd51 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfe ,hadd5 ,se$l+1 #dfe ,hag>1 #dff ,hag> 7syn4 ( ,alvey71 #dcd ,halifax1 #dff ,halifax ,se$l+1 #dff ,hall1 #dff ,hall1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dff ,hall1 ,david1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dff ,haltica *alybea 7,see ,grape-v9e flea-beetle7 ,hamill ,se$l+1 #dff ,hamilton1 #dff ,hampton ,c\rt ,v9e 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,hanov] 7s\!rn7 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,h>dy ,*asselas1 #dff ,h>iot1 ,?omas1 cit$1 #ca ,h>m]1 #dff ,h>m] ,se$l+1 #dff ,h>moni/s1 grape culture by1 #ai1 #bj ,h>rell1 #dff ,h>rell1 ,ob$1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dff1 #die ,h>riet ,bee*]1 #dff ,h>ris1 #dff ,h>ris 7syn4 ,l5oir71 #cbh ,h>ris1 ,mr41 v>4 f\nd by1 #dff ,h>rison1 #dff1 #dfg ,h>t 7syn4 ( ,dev]eaux71 #bce ,h>t 7syn4 ( ,l9coln71 #dhj ,h>t1 ,joseph1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dce1 #deh ,h>t=d1 #bhd ,h>t's ,:ite 7syn4 ( ,:ite ,elizabe?71 #ebc ,h>t=d ,prolific 7syn4 ( ,h>t=d71 #bhd ,h>v>d ,se$l+1 #dfg ,h>vey1 ,dr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dcd ,h>wood1 #dfg ,h>wood1 ,major1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfg ,hasbr\ck1 ,eli1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dce ,haskell1 ,george1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfg1 #ejh ,haskell1 ,n4 ,r41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfg ,haskell's ,se$l+s1 #dfg ,haskew1 #dfg ,hattie1 #dfg ,hatton1 #dfg ,hattus1 #dfg ,hawk9s1 ,capta9 ,john1 cit$1 #cj ,hawk9s1 ,d4 ,j41 m5tion$1 #cfe ,hawk9s1 ,william1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfg1 #dfh ,hawk9s ,no4 #c1 #dfg ,hawk9s ,no4 #aj1 #dfh ,hayes1 #bhf ,headlight1 #bhg ,he>!nge1 #dfh ,he>t-leav$ vitis 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia71 #abg ,hea? 7syn4 ( ,delaw>e71 #bca ,hel51 #dfh ,hel5 ,kell]1 #dfh ,helpf]1 #dfh ,h5cke1 ,ludwig1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfa1 #dgi1 #dhg1 #ejh ,h5d]son1 ,g41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dhc ,h5rico1 #dfh ,h5ry1 #dfh ,h5sell's ,long ,isl& 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,h5%aw1 #dfh ,h]ald1 #dfh ,h]bemont1 #bhh ,h]bemont1 ,ni*olas1 cit$1 #cbi2 m5tion$1 #bij1 #cji ,h]bemont ,madeira 7syn4 ( ,h]bemont71 #bhh ,h]bemont ,se$l+1 #dfh ,h]b]t1 #bia ,h]cules1 #bic ,h]iulfusson1 ,bi>ni1 m5tion$1 #bi ,h]mann1 #bid ,h]mann ,jaeg] 7syn4 ( ,jaeg]71 #cad ,h]o1 #dfh ,h]tia1 #dfh ,h]tle91 ,john1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddi ,hettie1 #dfh ,heunis1 #dfh ,hewitt1 ,alex&]1 quot$1 #i ,hexam]1 #dfi ,hexam]1 ,dr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfi ,hiawasse1 #dfi ,hickman 7syn4 ( ,scupp]nong71 #cii ,hicks1 #bie ,hidalgo1 #bif ,higg9son1 ,francis1 quot$1 #ab ,highl&1 #big ,hilg>de 7syn4 ( ,f]n ,munson71 #bga ,hill ,grape ( ,ohio 7syn4 ( ,coll9a71 #ddi ,h9e1 #dfi ,h9e ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,h9e71 #dfi ,hi/ory1 ( ,old ,_w grape1 #a ,hoag1 ,c4 ,l41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cfa ,hobbs1 ,o4 ,t41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dig ,hock1 #dfi ,h(]1 ,a4 ,f41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfi ,h(] ,se$l+ ,no4 #b1 #dfi ,holmes1 #dfi ,honey1 #dfi ,honey 7syn4 ( ,raabe71 #ejd ,honey ,dew1 #dfi ,hook]1 #dfi ,hopeon1 #dfi ,hoph]be1 #dfi ,hopican1 #dgj ,hopk9s1 #dgj ,hopk9s1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eaf ,hopk9s ,e>ly ,r$ 7syn4 ( ,wyom+71 #dca ,horn]1 #dgj ,horn]1 ,joe1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dgj ,hos=d1 #bii ,hos=d1 ,george1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bii1 #dci ,hos=d's ,mammo? ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,hos=d71 #bii ,hos=d's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,hos=d71 #bii ,hosk9s1 ,a41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dgj ,hosk9s ,se$l+1 #dgj ,h\ghton1 ,francis1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddd ,h[ell1 #dgj ,hubb>d ,se$less1 #dgj ,hub]1 #dgj ,hub]1 ,!ophile1 v>4 orig4 by1 #cci1 #dcc1 #dcd1 #dcg1 #dci1 #ded1 #deg1 #deh1 #dfh1 #dga1 #dgb1 #dhd1 #eaf1 #eai ,hub]'s ,se$l+s1 #dgj1 #dga ,hudl] 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,hudson1 #dga ,hudson ,riv] di/rict1 #gb1 #hh2 acreage (1 #hh2 climate (1 #hi2 diseases 91 #ib2 e>ly plant+s 91 #hi1 #ij2 e>ly viticulturi/s 91 #ij2 fir/ plant+s 91 #ee2 geology (1 #hh2 pack+ & %ipp+ 91 #ia1 #ib2 ra9-fall 91 #hi2 tra9+ & prun+ 91 #ia2 v>ieties 91 #ij1 #ia ,hueb]1 ,lewis1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dif ,hugu5ots1 #ch ,hul+s1 ,dr41 m5tion$1 #beh ,hulk]son's ,se$l+s1 #dga ,humboldt1 #dga ,hunt 7syn4 ( ,h]bemont71 #bhh ,hunt1 ,r4 ,a41 v>4 f\nd by1 #bej ,hunt1 ,r4 ,h41 v>4 f\nd by1 #cga ,hunt]ville1 #dga ,hunt+don1 #dga ,husmann1 #dga ,husmann1 ,g41 cit$1 #aae1 #bba2 quot$1 #aad ,husson 7syn4 ( ,dev]eaux71 #bce ,hut*9son1 #dga ,hutporup1 #dga ,hybride de ,concord ,no4 #f 7syn4 ( ,triumph71 #daa ,hybrid1 fir/ ,labrusca-v9if]a1 #ef ,hybrid ,franc1 #cjj ,hyde1 ,wilkes1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dga ,hyde ,black1 #dga ,hyde ,eliza1 #dga ,ict]ida1 #dgb ,ida1 #dgb ,ideal1 #cja ,id51 #dgb ,id5 7syn4 ( ,lake71 #dgh ,ill9ois1 grapes 91 #ec1 #ed ,ill9ois ,city1 #dgb ,ill9ois ,e>ly1 #dgb ,ill9ois ,prolific1 #dgb ,imitation ,hamburg 7syn4 ( ,union ,village71 #dae ,imlay1 ,mr41 m5tion$1 #cbf ,imp]ial1 #cjb ,imp]ial 7syn4 ( ,columbian ,imp]ial71 #bah ,improv$ ,purple ,fox1 #dgb ,improv$ ,w>r5 7syn4 ( ,h>wood71 #dfg ,indiana1 #dgb ,indiana1 grapes 91 #bj1 #ed ,indian ,field1 #dgb ,inflores5ce1 taxonomic value (1 #ajb ,int]national1 #dgb ,iola1 #dgb ,iona1 #cjb ,i[a1 #dgb ,i[a1 grapes 91 #fa ,i[a ,excelsior1 #dgb ,iris1 #dgb ,ironclad1 #cjf ,irv9 ,octob]1 #dgb ,irv+1 #dgc ,isabella1 #ej1 #cjg ,isabella ,regia 7syn4 ( ,pi]ce71 #ejj ,isabella ,se$l+1 #caj ,isabelle d',am]ique 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,israella1 #caa ,italian w9e grape 7syn4 ( ,delaw>e71 #bca ,i?aca1 #dgc ,ives1 #cab ,ives1 ,h5ry1 v>4 orig4 by1 #cac ,ives' ,mad]ia 7syn4 ( ,ives71 #cab ,ives' ,mad]ia ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,ives71 #cab ,ives' ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,ives71 #cab ,ives' ,se$l+ ,mad]ia 7syn4 ( ,ives71 #cab ,jac 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,jac 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cgj ,jac5t1 #dgc ,jack 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,jack 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cgj ,jacques 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,jacques 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cgj ,jacquet 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cgj ,jacquet 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,jacquez 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,jacquez 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cgj ,jaeg]1 #cad ,jaeg]1 ,h]mann1 cit$1 #aae2 v>4 f\nd by1 #dfa2 v>4 orig4 by1 #dee1 #dgc1 #dgd1 #dha1 #dib1 #ebc ,jaeg]1 ,h]man 7syn4 ( ,jaeg]71 #cad ,jaeg] ,no4 #ej 7syn4 ( ,longwor?71 #dha ,jaeg] ,no4 #ef 7syn4 ( ,duf\r71 #dee ,jaeg] ,no4 #gj 7syn4 ( ,munson71 #dib ,jaeg]'s ,se$l+s1 #dgc ,james1 #cae ,james1 ,j4 ,h41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dgd ,james ,se$l+1 #dgd ,janesville1 #caf ,jane ,wylie1 #dgd ,janie ,wylie 7syn4 ( ,jane ,wylie71 #dgd ,jaques1 ,john1 m5tion$1 #hi ,jeff]son1 #cag ,jeff]son1 ,?omas1 quot$1 #de1 #afa ,jeffries1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ebf ,jelly1 #dgd ,jem9a1 #dgd ,j5nie ,may1 #dgd ,j5n+s1 #dgd ,j]sey ,grape 7syn4 ( ,willis ,fr$onia71 #ebe ,jessica1 #cbj ,jessie1 #dgd ,jesuits1 #ag ,jet]1 #dgd ,jewel1 #cba ,jewell 7syn4 ( ,jewel71 #cba ,jo51 #dgd ,joe's ,m>iole 7syn4 ( ,m>iole71 #dhe ,john ,burr1 #dgd ,johnson1 #dgd ,johnson1 ,david1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dih ,johnson1 ,j41 m5tion$1 #bjf ,johnson1 ,s4 ,w41 cit$1 #ag2 quot$1 #dd ,jolly1 #dgd ,joly1 #dgd ,jona?an1 #dgd ,jones1 ,calv91 quot$1 #ea1 #djj ,jones1 ,judge ,j4 ,b41 v>4 f\nd by1 #ahd ,jones1 ,w4 ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dce1 #dfh1 #ebe ,jones ,p]fum$ 7syn4 ( ,c>ol9a ,blue ,muscad9e71 #dde ,jopl91 ,j41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dgd ,jopl9's ,peaks ( ,ott]1 #dgd ,jordan 7syn4 ( ,moy]71 #ced ,jordan ,l>ge ,blue1 #dge ,jordan's ,blue 7syn4 ( ,jordan ,l>ge ,blue71 #dge ,joseph ,h5ry1 #dge ,josselyn1 ,john1 quot$1 #ce ,judd1 #dge ,judge1 #dge ,judge ,mill]1 #dge ,july1 #dge ,july ,%]ry 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,july ,tw5ty-fif?1 #dge ,jumbo1 #dge ,jumbo 7syn4 ( ,columbian ,imp]ial71 #bah ,june ,grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia prcox71 #aba ,juno1 #dge ,juno's ,si/]1 #dge ,kalamazoo1 #dge ,kali/a1 #dge ,kansas ,july1 #dge ,kay ,se$l+1 #dge ,kay's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,h]bemont71 #bhh ,kell]1 #dge ,kell] ,:ite1 #dge ,kell]'s ,:ite 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,kelley1 ,datus1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dhe ,kellog1 #dgf ,kelly1 ,w4 ,b41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfg ,kemp1 #dgf ,k5dall1 #dgf ,k55a1 #dgf ,k5rick's ,native1 #dgf ,k5s+ton1 #cbb ,k5tucky1 #dgf ,k5tucky1 grapes 91 #ag1 #ed ,k5tucky w9e1 #dgf ,ket*um1 #dgf ,keuka 7syn4 ( ,neff71 #dib ,keuka ,lake1 fir/ plant+s ab\t1 #ed ,key to species ( ,vitis1 #ajg1 #ajh ,key/one1 #dgf ,kiami*i1 #dgf ,kilv+ton1 #dgf ,k+1 #cbd ,k+ 7syn4 ( ,gold5 ,cl9ton71 #dfc ,k+ ,philip1 #dgf ,k+sess+1 #dgf ,k+sess+1 ,edw>d ,g41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfb ,k+ ,william1 #dgf ,k9ney1 ,i41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dgf1 #dgg ,k9ney's ,se$l+s1 #dgf1 #dgg ,ki[a1 #dgg ,kit*51 #dgg ,kittr$ge 7syn4 ( ,ives71 #cab ,kniff91 ,william1 m5tion$1 #ia ,kniff9 sy/em ( tra9+1 #ia ,knob ,m\nta91 #dgg ,knox1 ,rev4 ,j41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ejd ,koe?1 ,a41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddb ,kosomo1 #dgg ,kram]1 ,j4 ,c41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dch1 #dgg ,kram] ,se$l+1 #dgg ,krause1 #dgg ,kready1 ,john1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bdh1 #def1 #dgf ,krug]1 #dgg ,labe1 #dgg ,labrusca1 orig9 ( ! "n1 #adi ,lacon1 #dgg ,laconia1 #dgg ,la ,crissa1 #dgg ,ladies1 #dgg ,ladies ,*oice 7syn4 ( ,delaw>e71 #bca ,lady1 #cbe ,lady ,*>lotte1 #dgg ,lady ,dunlap1 #dgh ,lady ,hel5e1 #dgh ,lady ,wa%+ton1 #cbg ,lady ,y\nglove1 #dgh ,lake1 #dgh ,lake 7syn4 ( ,id571 #dgb ,lama 7syn4 ( ,laura71 #dgh ,la ,m>ie1 #dgh ,lane1 ,ralph1 cit$1 #ca ,lang5do]f]1 ,f41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bie1 #ebd ,langu$oc 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,langwor?y1 ,l4 ,b41 v>4 f\nd by1 #bad ,la ,re9e1 #dgh ,l>ge ,b]ry1 #dgh ,l>ge ,blue ,engli% 7syn4 ( ,cape ,may ,prolific71 #ddd ,l>ge ,g]man 7syn4 ( ,york ,madeira71 #ebi ,l>ge ,leaf1 #dgh ,l>r[e1 ,hon4 ,jacob1 m5tion$1 #hc ,la ,salle1 #dgh ,laughl91 #dgh ,laughl91 ,w4 ,r41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dgh ,laura1 #dgh ,laura ,bev]ly 7syn4 ( ,crevel+71 #bbd ,laussel1 #dgh ,lavega1 #dgh ,lawr5ce1 #dgh ,laws1 ,john1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dgd ,lawson1 #dgi ,lawson1 ,john1 life (1 #cf2 quot$1 #cg ,lead]1 #dgi ,leaf-hopp] 7,see ,grape leaf-hopp]7 ,lea!r-,leaf grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 c&icans coriacea71 #adh ,leav5wor?1 #dgi ,leaves1 taxonomic value (1 #aje1 #ajf ,lebanon ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,le ,conte1 ,john ,eaton1 life (1 #add2 "w on ,vitis by1 #ajj2 writ+s (1 #add ,legaux1 ,pet]1 cit$1 #db2 life (1 #af2 m5tion$1 #ae1 #ah1 #afa1 #afb ,lehigh 7syn4 ( ,b]ks71 #dci ,lehman1 #dgi ,lehman1 ,william1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dgi ,leif ! ,lucky1 #bi1 #cj ,lemosy1 ,mr41 cit$1 #cfg ,l5oir1 #cbh ,l5oir 7syn4 ( ,dev]eaux71 #bce ,l5oir 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cgj ,l5ori1 #dgi ,leon1 #dgi ,lespeyre 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,letovey1 #dgi ,lewis1 #dgi ,lex+ton1 #dgi ,lida1 #dgi ,lightfoot1 #dgi ,lightfoot1 ,w4 ,h41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dcd1 #dce1 #dch1 #ddd1 #dgi1 #dhi1 #ead ,lightfoot ,se$l+ ,no4 #cd1 #dgi ,lightfoot's ,se$l+s1 #dgi ,lilac 7syn4 ( ,%urtleff ,se$l+71 #eab ,lim+ton ,:ite1 #dgi ,l9ceola1 #dgi ,l9coln1 #dhj ,l9coln 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,l9coln 7syn4 ( ,dev]eaux71 #bce ,l9coln ,c\nty 7syn4 ( ,l9coln71 #dhj ,l9coln ,d[n]1 #dhj ,l9crup1 #dhj ,l9cy1 #dhj ,l9dell1 #dhj ,l9d51 #dhj ,l9dley1 #cbi ,l9dley1 ,john1 m5tion$1 #ccj ,l9dm>1 #dhj ,l9elvi1 #dhj ,l9h]be1 #dhj ,l9ley1 #dhj ,l9n1 #dhj ,l9n ,que51 #dhj ,l9naeus1 ,c>olus1 life (1 #adi1 #aej2 quot$1 #aah1 #aea1 #aee ,l9ville1 ,rob]t1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dei ,little ,blue1 #dhj ,little ,giant1 #dha ,little grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach ,little ,m\nta9 grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 b]l&i]i71 #acj ,little ,oz>k1 #dha ,liv+/on1 #dha ,lizzie1 #dha ,lobata1 #dha ,logan1 #dha ,london ,company1 #f1 #g ,long1 #dha ,long 7syn4 ( ,cunn+ham71 #bbg ,long 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,long1 ,col4 ,james1 v>4 f\nd by1 #dha ,long ,john1 #dha ,long ,no4 #b 7syn4 ( ,cunn+ham71 #bbg ,longfell[1 quot$1 #bjd ,long's 7syn4 ( ,v4 longii71 #abc ,long's ,arkansas 7syn4 ( ,v4 longii71 #abc ,longwor?1 #dha ,longwor? ,mon/]1 #dha ,longwor?1 ,ni*olas1 books by1 #bc2 grapes import$ by1 #bc2 life (1 #bb1 #bc2 m5tion$1 #bjf1 #bcf1 #cdj1 #daf2 v>4 f\nd by1 #cgj2 v>4 orig4 by1 #dha ,longwor? ,no4 #bj 7syn4 ( ,longwor?71 #dha ,longwor?'s ,ohio 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,longwor?'s ,ohio 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cgj ,loomis' ,honey1 #dha ,looney1 ,c4 ,s41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dhb ,looney ,se$l+1 #dhb ,lora91 #dhb ,loretto1 #dhb ,l\bat1 ,alphonse1 m5tion$1 #bd ,l\don1 ,f4 ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bha1 #caf1 #ddf1 #dgd1 #dhb ,l\don ,se$l+1 #dhb ,l\isa1 #dhb ,l\ise1 #dhb ,l\isiana1 #cca ,l\isiana1 grapes 91 #ac ,l\isville1 #dhb ,l\isville ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,l[ell ,globe1 #dhb ,lucile1 #ccb ,lucky1 #dhb ,luckyne1 #dhb ,lucy ,w9ton1 #dhb ,lud]s1 #dhb ,luffbor\gh1 #dhb ,lugawana1 #dhb ,lugiana n]a 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,lukfata1 #dhb ,lulie1 #dhb ,lum1 ,h4 ,b41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dgh ,luna1 #dhb ,lutie1 #ccd ,lycom+1 #dhc ,lydia1 #dhc ,lyman1 #dhc ,lyon1 #dhc ,lyon 7syn4 ( ,presly71 #ejb ,mabel1 #dhc ,mac,candless 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,mac,candless 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cgj ,mc,cowan 7syn4 ( ,c[an71 #dea ,mc,donald's ,ann ,arbor1 #dhc ,mc,gowan 7syn4 ( ,c[an71 #dea ,mac$onia1 #dhc ,mc,kay1 ,e4 ,a41 m5tion$1 #hc ,mc,kee 7syn4 ( ,h]bemont71 #bhh ,mc,kinley1 #dhc ,mc,kinley1 ,j4 ,s41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bah ,mc,lean 7syn4 ( ,dev]eaux71 #bce ,mc,lean 7syn4 ( ,l9coln71 #dhj ,mc,lean1 ,dr4 ,wm41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dhj ,mc,lure 7syn4 ( ,mrs4 ,mc,lure71 #dia ,mc,mahon1 ,b]n>d1 cit$1 #dd ,mc,murtrie1 ,dr4 ,william1 m5tion$1 #ei ,mc,neil1 #dhc ,mc,owen 7syn4 ( ,c[an71 #dea ,mc,pike1 #cce ,mc,pike1 ,h4 ,g41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ccf ,madeira1 #dhc ,madeira 7syn4 ( ,black ,madeira71 #ddj ,madeira ( ,york1 ,pa4 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,madel9e1 #dhc ,madison ,c\nty 7syn4 ( ,long71 #dha ,magee1 #dhd ,magee1 ,george ,j41 cit$1 #bge2 v>4 f\nd by1 #bge ,magnate1 #ccf ,magnific5t1 #dhd ,maguel1 ,francis1 cit$1 #cb ,maguire1 #dhd ,mahogany 7syn4 ( ,mahogany ,color$71 #dhd ,mahogany ,color$1 #dhd ,ma91 #dhd ,ma91 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dhd ,ma9e1 grapes 91 #ac ,mal9da1 #dhd ,malvasi] 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,malv91 #dhd ,mammo? 7syn4 ( ,sage71 #cie ,mammo? ,catawba 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,mammo? ,globe 7syn4 ( ,c>t]71 #dde ,mammo? ,sage 7syn4 ( ,sage71 #cie ,manhattan1 #dhd ,manito1 #ccg ,manockanock1 #dhd ,mansfield1 #dhd ,manson1 #dhd ,m>gu]ite1 #dhd ,m>ie ,l\ise1 #cch ,m>9e's ,se$l+s1 #dhe ,m>9e1 ,william ,m41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfa1 #dff1 #dgf1 #dgi1 #dhb1 #dhd1 #dhe1 #dhg1 #dhi1 #dic1 #dif1 #eje ,m>iole1 #dhe ,m>ion 7,i71 #cci ,m>ion 7,,ii71 #cda ,m>ion ,port 7syn4 ( ,m>ion 7,i771 #cc ,m>ion ,port 7syn4 ( ,york ,madeira71 #ebi ,m>ique1 #dhe ,m>k]1 #dhe ,m>sala1 #dhe ,m>%all1 ,humphrey1 life (1 #if2 quot$1 #aea2 writ+s (1 #if ,m>?a1 #cda ,m>v91 ,d4 ,s41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bjh1 #bji1 #dje1 #ddd1 #dea1 #dfd1 #dgj1 #dgd1 #dgh1 #dhe1 #eji1 #eaj1 #eba ,m>v9a1 #dhe ,m>v9's ,se$l+s1 #dhe ,m>y1 #dhe ,m>y ,ann1 #dhe ,m>y ,favorite1 #dhe ,m>y ,m>k1 #dhf ,m>yl&1 grapes 91 #i1 #aj1 #ah ,m>yl& ,purple1 #dhf ,m>y ,wylie1 #dhf ,mason1 #dhf ,mason1 ,mrs4 ,e41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dhf1 #ejg ,mason1 ,b41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dhf ,mason ,r5t+1 #dhf ,mason's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,mason71 #dhf ,massa*usetts1 grapes 91 #ab ,massa*usetts ,:ite1 #dhf ,massasoit1 #cdc ,mat*less1 #dhf ,ma!ws1 ,pr(essor1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dgb ,ma?ilde1 #dhf ,matlock 7syn4 ( ,miles71 #dhh ,mau/on1 #dhf ,maxatawney1 #cdd ,may ,r$1 #dhf ,mead1 ,john1 m5tion$1 #hd ,mead1 ,john1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dhf ,mead ,se$l+1 #dhf ,mead's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,meanko1 #dhg ,mease1 ,dr4 ,james1 life (1 #db1 #dc2 m5tion$1 #de2 pap] by1 #dc ,m$ora1 #dhg ,meis* 7syn4 ( ,mi%71 #dhi ,melasko1 #dhg ,memory1 #dhg ,m5dota1 #dhg ,m5o1 #dhg ,m]c]on1 #dhg ,m]c]on 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,m]c]on1 ,f4 ,e41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dhg1 #dii ,m]icadel1 #dhg ,m]rimac1 #cde ,meta1 #dhg ,metis1 #dhg ,mett]ni*1 #dhg ,mianna or ,mi5na1 #dhg ,mi*aux1 ,&r1 cit$1 #abf2 life (1 #ajh2 quot$1 #aah2 works (1 #ajh ,mi*aux1 ,f4 ,&r1 life (1 #ajh2 works (1 #ajh ,mi*igan1 #dhh ,mi*igan 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,mi*igan1 grapes 91 #fa ,middle region1 #ei1 #fj1 #fa ,middlesex1 #dhh ,mignonette v9e 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag ,mil&1 #dhh ,mildew 7,see ,d[ny & ,p[d]y mildew7 ,miles1 #dhh ,mill>det1 #dhh ,mill>det1 cit$1 #ajb1 #bcc1 #cfh ,mill]1 #dhh ,mill]1 ,j4 ,b41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfc ,mill]1 ,samuel1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ahh1 #cdb1 #dfj1 #dhb1 #dhc1 #dhh1 #ebi ,mill] ,no4 #a 7syn4 ( ,m>?a71 #cda ,mill]'s ,no4 #b 7syn4 ( ,eva71 #dfj ,mill]'s ,no4 #c 7syn4 ( ,mac$onia71 #dhc ,mill]'s ,no4 #d 7syn4 ( ,black ,hawk71 #ahh ,mill]'s ,se$l+s1 #dhh ,mill+ton1 #dhh ,mill+ton1 ,dr41 v>4 f\nd by1 #dhh ,mill+ton1 ,mrs41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dih ,mill+ton ,:ite1 #dhh ,mills1 #cdg ,mills1 ,w4 ,h41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cdh1 #dgh ,m9eola1 #dhh ,m9]1 ,t4 ,b41 v>4 orig4 by1 #agb1 #dah1 #dcc1 #dcf1 #dch1 #ddb1 #ddd1 #dei1 #dgb1 #dgi1 #dhj1 #dhi1 #ejg ,m9]'s ,se$l+s1 #dhi ,m+o1 #dhi ,m9nehaha1 #dhi ,m9nesota1 #dhi ,m9nesota ,mammo?1 #dhi ,m9nie1 #dhi ,m9or's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,v5ango71 #ebj ,miriam1 #dhi ,mi%1 #dhi ,mission1 #dhi ,miss\ri1 #dhi ,miss\ri1 grapes 91 #eb ,miss\ri ,bird ,eye1 #dij ,miss\ri ,bird's ,eye 7syn4 ( ,els9burgh71 #beg ,miss\ri grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rubra71 #abe ,miss\ri ,muscad9e1 #dij ,miss\ri ,riesl+1 #cdi ,miss\ri ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,miss\ri71 #dhi ,mod5a1 #dij ,m(fats1 #dij ,mohr5dutte 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,moltke1 #dij ,mon>*1 #dij ,mon>d1 #dij ,monl9tawba1 #dij ,monroe1 #cej ,montclair1 #dij ,montefiore1 #cea ,montei? 7syn4 ( ,york ,madeira71 #ebi ,montisella1 #dij ,mont\r1 #dij ,montreal1 #dij ,moore1 ,capta9 ,john ,b41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bhf1 #cec1 #def1 #dfe ,moore1 ,jacob1 life (1 #aib2 v>4 orig4 by1 #aib1 #bcg1 #bda1 #bgd1 #ddh1 #dff1 #ead1 #ebd ,moore1 ,rev4 ,ar*]1 v>4 orig4 by1 #bji1 #dej ,moore ,e>ly1 #cec ,moore's ,diamond 7syn4 ( ,diamond71 #bcf ,moore's ,no4 #ca 7syn4 ( ,hayes71 #bhf ,mor91 #dij ,morneb]g1 ,j4 ,g41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfa ,morrell1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dij ,morrell ,se$l+1 #dij ,morse1 #dia ,morton1 ,?omas1 quot$1 #ce ,mo%]1 ,s41 m5tion$1 #bjf ,motti]1 ,john ,e41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ebc ,motti] 7syn4 ( ,purple ,m>ion71 #ejd ,mottl$1 #dia ,m\nta91 #dia ,m\nta9 grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 b]l&i]i71 #acj ,m\nta9 grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 monticola71 #aaf ,m\nta9 grape ( ,texas 7syn4 ( ,v4 rupe/ris71 #aac ,m\nt ,lebanon1 #dia ,moy]1 #ced ,moy]'s ,e>ly ,r$ 7syn4 ( ,moy]71 #ced ,mrs4 ,mc,lure1 #dia ,mrs4 ,munson1 #dia ,mrs4 ,/ayman1 #dia ,mu5*1 #dia ,mu5*1 ,f41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cgf1 #dga1 #eaa1 #eba ,multiple1 #dia ,muncie1 #dia ,muncy 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,muncy ,black1 #dia ,muncy ,pale ,r$ 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,muni]1 #dia ,munson1 #dib ,munson1 ,?omas ,volney1 cit$1 #aje1 #ajf1 #aad1 #aah1 #abd1 #abh1 #acd1 #adc1 #adi1 #bcc1 #bfg1 #bga1 #bhg1 #bij1 #cca2 life (1 #abb2 quot$1 #abb1 #abf1 #baf2 v>4 orig4 by1 #abb1 #afi1 #agj1 #agf1 #agi1 #aha1 #aid1 #bjb1 #baf1 #bei1 #bga1 #bhj1 #bhg1 #bif1 #cae1 #ccg1 #che1 #cic1 #cid1 #dba1 #dcc1 #dcd1 #dce1 #dcf1 #dcg1 #dch1 #dci1 #ddj1 #dda1 #ddb1 #ddc1 #dde1 #ddh1 #ddi1 #dej1 #dea1 #deb1 #dec1 #ded1 #def1 #deg1 #deh1 #dei1 #dfj1 #dfc1 #dfd1 #dfe1 #dgj1 #dga1 #dgd1 #dge1 #dgf1 #dgg1 #dgh1 #dgi1 #dhj1 #dha1 #dhb1 #dhd1 #dhe1 #dhf1 #dhg1 #dhh1 #dhi1 #dij1 #dia1 #dib1 #dic1 #did1 #die1 #dif1 #dig1 #dih1 #ejj1 #eja1 #ejb1 #ejc1 #ejd1 #eje1 #ejh1 #eji1 #eaj1 #eaa1 #eab1 #eac1 #ead1 #eae1 #eaf1 #eag1 #eah1 #eai1 #ebj1 #eba1 #ebb1 #ebe1 #ebf1 #ebh2 "w on ,vitis by1 #aja ,munson1 ,w4 ,k41 v>4 f\nd by1 #cbd ,munson's ,no4 #ac 7syn4 ( ,/rip$ ,ruby71 #eae ,munson's ,no4 #ba 7syn4 ( ,bell71 #aha ,munson ,no4 #bb 7syn4 ( ,gold ,du/71 #dfc ,munson's ,no4 #bi 7syn4 ( ,old ,gold71 #die ,munson's ,no4 #cc 7syn4 ( ,r$ ,bird71 #eje ,munson ,no4 #de 7syn4 ( ,l9elvi71 #dhj ,munson ,no4 #dg 7syn4 ( ,r$ ,eagle71 #che ,munson's ,no4 #gf 7syn4 ( ,f]n ,munson71 #bga ,munson ,no4 #ha 7syn4 ( ,jaeg]71 #cad ,munson's ,no4 #ajg 7syn4 ( ,multiple71 #dia ,munson's ,no4 #aaa 7syn4 ( ,sweetey71 #eae ,munson's ,no4 #acj 7syn4 ( ,texas ,highl&71 #eaf ,munson's ,no4 #aha 7syn4 ( ,texas71 #eaf ,munson's ,rip>ia 7syn4 ( ,v4 longii microsp]ma71 #abc ,munson's ,rip>ia 7syn4 ( ,v4 longii71 #abc ,murdock1 #dib ,murdock1 ,judge1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dib ,murry1 ,william1 m5tion$1 #bjf ,muscad9e ,sup]ior1 #dib ,muscad9e 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #aji ,muscad9e 7syn4 ( ,scupp]nong71 #cii ,muscad9e grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #ajh ,muscat1 #dib ,muscat ,catawba1 #dib ,muscat ,hamburg1 #cef ,musky1 def9$1 #d ,mu/ang 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #aji ,mu/ang grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 c&icans71 #adg ,mu/ang grape ( ,*apman 7syn4 ( ,v4 munsoniana71 #aab ,mylitta1 #dib ,nahab1 #dib ,naomi1 #ceg ,na%ua1 #dib ,native grape1 #ci1 #da1 #db1 #dc2 describ$ by ,pr9ce1 #di2 evolution (1 #cf2 habitat (1 #bg2 means ( di/ribution (1 #bg2 value (1 #cf ,naumkeag1 #dib ,nazro1 #dib ,nazro1 ,h5ry1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dib ,neal grape 7syn4 ( ,h]bemont71 #bhh ,nebraska1 #dib ,nect>1 #ceh ,neff1 #dib ,neff1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dib ,neil grape 7syn4 ( ,h]bemont71 #bhh ,nell1 #dib ,nelson1 #dib ,nelson1 ,rog]1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dib ,neo%o1 #dib ,neponset1 #dic ,n]luton1 #dic ,neva 7syn4 ( ,neva ,munson71 #dic ,neva ,munson1 #dic ,nev]fail1 #dic ,new>k1 #dic ,new ,buda1 #dic ,newburgh1 #dic ,newburgh ,muscat1 #dic ,new ,engl&1 grapes 91 #ab1 #ac1 #cd1 #ce2 w9e 91 #ac ,new ,hanov] 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,new ,hav51 #dic ,new ,hav5 ,r$ 7syn4 ( ,new ,hav571 #dic ,new ,j]sey1 grapes 91 #ec ,newman1 #dic ,newman1 ,c4 ,c41 cit$1 #aaa1 #djj ,new ,m>y1 #dic ,new ,ne!rl&1 grapes 91 #aa ,newport1 #dic ,newton1 #dic ,newtonia1 #did ,new ,york1 *ampagne 91 #fe2 grapes 91 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #bc1 #bd1 #ec1 #ed2 grape di/ricts (1 #gb et seq42 viticulture 91 #fh2 w9e 91 #aa1 #ab ,niag>a1 #cei ,niag>a di/rict1 #gb2 acreage (1 #ib2 climate (1 #ic2 diseases 91 #id2 geology (1 #ib2 m>kets (1 #ic2 soil (1 #ic ,ni*olson1 ,james1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfh ,nicolls1 m5tion$1 #aa ,nimalba1 #did ,n9a1 #did ,n9ekah1 #did ,nizola1 #did ,no4 #ic ,a 7syn4 ( ,imp]ial71 #cjb ,noah1 #cfb ,nonantum1 #did ,nonp>eil1 #did ,nora1 #did ,norfolk1 #cfd ,norfolk ,muscat 7syn4 ( ,norfolk71 #cfd ,norseman1 acc\nt ( grapes by1 #bi ,nor? ,am]ica1 #did ,nor? ,cali=nia grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 cali=nica71 #ace ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 #did ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 grapes 91 #ch1 #ed ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,muscad9e 7syn4 ( ,m>y ,ann71 #dhe ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,se$l+ 7syn4 ,nor? ,c>ol9a71 #did ,nor? ,c>ol9a ,:ite1 #did ,nor? ,/>1 #die ,nor!rn ae/ivalis 7syn4 ( ,v4 bicolor71 #ade ,nor!rn ,fox ,grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej ,nor!rn ,light1 #did ,nor!rn ,muscad9e1 #cfe ,nor!rn ,muscat1 #die ,nor!rn ,summ] grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 bicolor71 #ade ,norton1 #cff ,norton 7syn4 ( ,cyn?iana71 #bbh ,norton1 ,dr4 ,d4 ,n41 m5tion$1 #cfg ,norton1 ,e4 ,q41 quot$1 #bg ,norton's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,norton71 #cff ,norton ,virg9ia 7syn4 ( ,cyn?iana71 #bbh ,norton's ,virg9ia 7syn4 ( ,norton71 #cff ,norton's ,virg9ia ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,cyn?iana71 #bbh ,norton's ,virg9ia ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,norton71 #cff ,norwood1 #cfi ,noyes1 ,dr41 m5tion$1 #bae ,nuttall1 ,?omas1 quot$1 #ef1 #eg2 life ( #ih2 writ+s (1 #ih ,ob$1 #die ,ob]on1 #die ,occid5tal1 #die ,octavia1 #die ,od>t1 ,c\nt1 quot$1 #add ,(f]1 #die ,ohio 7,i71 #cfi ,ohio 7,,ii71 #cga ,ohio 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,ohio1 grapes 91 #bb1 #eb1 #ec1 #ed ,ohio ,cig> ,box 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,ohio ,cl>et1 #die ,oklahoma1 grapes 91 #fa ,oktaha1 #die ,old ,=d1 #die ,old ,gold1 #die ,oldh\se 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,old ,h\se ,grape 7syn4 ( ,h>ris71 #dff ,old ,hundr$1 #die ,old ,_w grape1 #ai1 #bd2 failure 9 ,am]ica1 #bi2 habitat (1 #a hi/ory (1 #a1 et seq4 ,olita1 #die ,olitatoo1 #dif ,olm/ead1 #dif ,olympia1 #dif ,omega1 #dif ,omega 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,ond]donk1 #dif ,ond]donk1 ,g41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dee ,oneida1 #cga ,oneovem1 #dif ,"o ,se$1 #dif ,onondaga1 #dif ,ont>io1 #dif ,ont>io 7syn4 ( ,union ,village71 #dae ,onyx1 #dif ,opal1 #dif ,oporto1 #cgb ,ori5tal1 #cgc ,oriole1 #dig ,orphan ,boy1 #dig ,orwigsburg1 #dig ,osage1 #dig ,osceola1 #dig ,osee1 #dig ,oskaloosa1 #dig ,osmond1 #dig ,oswego1 #dig ,o!llo1 #cgd ,otoe1 #dig ,oua*ita1 #dih ,owego1 #dih ,ow5s ,:ite1 #dih ,ow5s1 ,wm41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dih ,owosso1 #dih ,oz>k1 #cgf ,oz>k ,se$l+1 #dih ,pacific region1 #ei2 developm5t (1 #fj1 #fa ,pagan1 #dih ,paign's ,isabella 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,pale1 ,t5nis1 m5tion$1 #cd ,pale ,wood$ ,troll+] 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,pal]mo1 #dih ,palmate grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rubra71 #abe ,palmate-leav$ grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rubra71 #abe ,palmate-leav$ v9e 7syn4 ( ,v4 rubra71 #abe ,palmat$ leaves 7syn4 ( ,v4 rubra71 #abe ,palm]1 #dih ,palmetto1 #dih ,palmetto-leav$ grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 simpsoni71 #adi ,pamlico1 #dih ,p>adox1 #dih ,p>agon1 #dih1 #dii ,p>k] 7syn4 ( ,i?aca71 #dgc ,p>k]1 ,dr4 ,s4 ,j41 cit$1 #dca ,p>k] ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,se$l+1 #dii ,p>m5ti]1 ,m41 m5tion$1 #bc1 #bd ,p>ry1 cit$1 #acd ,pattison1 #dii ,paul9e1 #dii ,paultne1 #dii ,pawnee1 #dii ,paxton1 #dii ,payne's ,e>ly 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,peabody1 #cgg ,peake1 ,e4 ,m41 v>4 f\nd by1 #chd ,pe>l1 #dii ,pe>son1 ,a4 ,w41 cit$1 #cjf ,pe>son's ,ironclad 7syn4 ( ,ironclad71 #cjf ,p$ee1 #dii ,pe]less1 #ejj ,peggy1 #ejj ,pell1 ,g4 ,t41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ejj ,pell's ,ill9ois1 #ejj ,p5n1 ,william1 m5tion$1 #aj ,p5nsylvania1 grapes 91 #ai1 #dd1 #ec1 #ed ,peola1 #ejj ,p]fection1 #cgg ,p]fume1 #ejj ,p]k9s1 #cgh ,p]k9s1 ,jacob1 v>4 orig4 by1 #cgh ,p]ry1 #ejj ,pet] ,wylie1 #ejj ,pet] ,wylie ,no4 #a 7syn4 ( ,pet] ,wylie71 #ejj ,petit ,noir 7syn4 ( ,adelia71 #dcc ,phelps1 ,j4 ,s41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddh ,ph9ney1 ,elias1 v>4 f\nd by1 #dcg ,phyllox]a1 #e ,phyllox]a va/atrix 7,see ,phyllox]a7 ,pi]ce1 #ejj ,pigeon grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach ,p9e-wood grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis l9cecumii71 #adj ,pione]1 #ejj ,pip]1 ,d4 ,j41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dge1 #eac ,piqua1 #ejj ,pittsburg ,se$l+1 #ejj ,piz>ro1 #ejj ,plan*ette1 #eja ,plan*on1 ,jules ,emile1 cit$1 #ajf1 #abd1 #abf1 #aca2 life (1 #abd ,planet1 #eja ,plant lice 7,see ,phyllox]a7 ,plantag5et1 ,beau*amp1 quot$1 #cd ,plasmop>a viticola 7,see ,d[ny mildew7 ,pl9y1 cit$1 #b ,plum grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej ,plym\?1 #eja ,plym\? ,:ite 7syn4 ( ,plym\?71 #eja ,pockl+ton1 #cgi ,pockl+ton1 ,john1 v>4 orig4 by1 #chj1 #dee ,pocohontas ,r$1 #eja ,poes*el ,mammo?1 #eja ,poes*el1 ,william1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfa1 #eja ,pollock1 #eja ,pollock1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eja ,poly*rosis viteana 7,see ,grape fruit worm7 ,pond1 ,samuel1 v>4 orig4 by1 #eja ,pond's ,se$l+1 #eja ,ponroy1 #eja ,pontotoc1 #eja ,porup1 #eja ,possum grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 baileyana71 #abi ,possum grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia71 #abg ,po/-oak grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis l9cecumii71 #eb1 #adj ,po/-oak ,no4 #a1 #eja ,po/-oak ,no4 #b1 #eja ,po/-oak ,no4 #c1 #eja ,pott]1 #eja ,pott]'s ,e>ly 7syn4 ( ,pott]71 #eja ,pott]'s ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,pott]71 #eja ,pott]'s ,sweet 7syn4 ( ,pott]71 #eja ,p\ghkeepsie1 #cha ,p\ghkeepsie ,r$ 7syn4 ( ,p\ghkeepsie71 #cha ,p[d]y mildew1 #hf ,p[ell 7syn4 ( ,bl&71 #dda ,prairie ,/ate1 #ejb ,pr5tiss1 #chb ,pr5tiss1 ,j4 ,w41 m5tion$1 #hc2 v>4 orig4 by1 #chc ,presid5t1 #ejb ,presid5t ,lyon 7syn4 ( ,presly71 #ejb ,presly1 #ejb ,pres4 ,lyon 7syn4 ( ,lyon71 #dhc ,primate1 #ejb ,pr9ce ,edw>d 7syn4 ( ,cunn+ham71 #bbg ,pr9ce ,nurs]ies1 #dh ,pr9ce1 ,william ,rob]t1 cit$1 #aba2 life (1 #ba1 #bb2 quot$1 #eg1 #afa2 writ+s (1 #bb ,pr+le1 ,c4 ,g41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bha1 #dfd1 #dgg1 #dhd1 #ebj ,pr(essor ,brunk1 #ejb ,pr(4 ,curtis' grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 c>iba71 #adf ,pr(essor ,gulley1 #ejb ,pr(essor ,hillg>d1 #ejb ,pr(itable1 #ejb ,pr(usion1 #ejb ,progress1 #ejb ,prolific1 #ejc ,prolific ,*ick5 ,grape1 #ejc ,provo/1 ,paul ,h41 m5tion$1 #bcc ,provo/ ,:ite1 #ejc ,prunella1 #ejc ,pukwana1 #ejc ,pulaski1 #ejc ,pulliat1 #ejc ,pulliat1 ,m41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ejc ,pulpless1 #ejc ,pungo ( ,n4 ,c4 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,purity1 #ejc ,purple ,bloom1 #ejc ,purple ,favorite1 #ejc ,purple ,favorite 7syn4 ( ,blue ,favorite71 #ddb ,purple ,fox 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej ,purple ,hamburgh 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,purple ,hamburgh ( ,troy 7syn4 ( ,troy71 #eah ,purple ,m>ion1 #ejd ,purple ,urbana 7syn4 ( ,logan71 #dha ,pur%1 cit$1 #abh ,putnam1 #ejd ,putnam1 ,j4 ,a41 v>4 orig4 by #afd1 #ccc1 #dfg ,quassaic1 #ejd ,que5 ,loretto 7syn4 ( ,loretto71 #dhb ,que5 ( ,%eba1 #ejd ,qu9nebang1 #ejd ,qu9t9a1 #ejd ,raabe1 #ejd ,raabe1 ,pet]1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ejd ,raabe's ,honey 7syn4 ( ,raabe71 #ejd ,raabe's ,no4 #c 7syn4 ( ,raabe71 #ejd ,raabe's se$l+s1 #ejd ,raccoon grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia71 #abg ,ra*el1 #ejd ,rac9e1 #ejd ,raf9esque1 ,con/ant9e ,samuel1 book by1 #dg2 life (1 #ii2 quot$1 #db1 #dg1 #aac2 works (1 #ii ,ragan1 #ejd ,rais91 #ejd ,rais9 de cassis 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,rais9 de ,cote1 #eje ,rais9 du ,cap 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,rais9 ,fraise 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,rais9 ,framboise 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,rais9s1 h[ made1 #fg ,ramsey1 #eje ,r&all1 #eje ,r&all 7syn4 ( ,agawam71 #aei ,r&all1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eje ,r>itan1 #eje ,raut5b]g1 ,f4 ,e4 ,l41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dcd1 #ddj1 #ddf1 #ddh1 #dfg1 #dij1 #eje1 #ejf ,raut5b]g's ,se$l+s1 #eje ,rav5el1 ,h4 ,w41 cit$1 #aad2 m5tion$1 #bjf ,ravesies1 ,fr$]ick1 quot$1 #ba ,ray's ,victoria 7syn4 ( ,victoria71 #ebj ,read1 ,m4 ,a41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eje ,read1 ,william ,h41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cbj1 #cee1 #daf1 #dhj ,read ,se$l+1 #eje ,read's ,hybrid 7syn4 ( ,l9coln71 #dhj ,reagan 7syn4 ( ,ragan71 #ejd ,rebecca1 #chc ,r$ ,bird1 #eje ,r$ ,bl& 7syn4 ( ,bl&71 #dda ,r$ ,eagle1 #che ,r$ ,elb5 7syn4 ( ,l\isiana71 #cca ,r$ ,elb5 7syn4 ( ,rul&]71 #ejh ,r$ ,fox 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej ,r$ ,giant1 #eje ,r$ grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rubra71 #abe ,r$ ,hamburgh 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,r$ ,jacket1 #eje ,r$ ,juice1 #eje ,r$ ,leaf1 #eje ,r$ ,l5oir 7syn4 ( ,paul9e71 #dii ,r$ ,muncy 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,r$ ,riesl+1 #eje ,r$ ,riesl+ 7syn4 ( ,delaw>e71 #bca ,r$ ,riv] 7syn4 ( ,cyn?iana71 #bbh ,r$ ,rov]1 #eje ,r$ ,scupp]nong 7syn4 ( ,bl&71 #dda ,r$ ,%ep]d1 #ejf ,r$ ,sweet ,wat]1 #ejf ,regal1 #chf ,reg9a1 #ejf ,regions ( grape gr[+1 #ei ,rei*5ba*1 ,john1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfa1 #dfb ,re9ecke1 #ejf ,re9ike1 #ejf ,reis+]1 ,&rew1 m5tion$1 #ed1 #hc2 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddh ,reliance1 #ejf ,r5tz1 #ejf ,r5tz1 ,seba/ian1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ejf ,r5tz ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,r5tz71 #ejf ,requa1 #chg ,rh5i%1 #ejf ,rhode ,isl&1 grapes 91 #ac ,riatz 7syn4 ( ,r5tz71 #ejf ,rice1 ,a4 ,f41 v>4 orig4 by #djg1 #dhd1 #ejb ,ri*>ds1 ,paul1 m5tion$1 #aa1 #ab ,ri*mond1 #ejf ,ri*mond ,villa ,hamburgh 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,ricketts1 ,james ,h41 life (1 #cah1 #cai2 quot$1 #bfi2 v>4 orig4 by1 #aeh1 #afi1 #age1 #bdb1 #bdc1 #beg1 #bfb1 #bfi1 #bih1 #cjb1 #cah1 #cai1 #cbg1 #ceg1 #cgg1 #djb1 #dcc1 #dcd1 #dce1 #dee1 #dfb1 #dfd1 #dgh1 #dic1 #ejj1 #eja1 #ejd1 #eje1 #ejh1 #eai1 #ebb ,ricketts' ,delaw>e ,se$l+ ,no4 #a 7syn4 ( ,r>itan71 #eje ,ricketts' ,delaw>e ,se$l+ ,no4 #b 7syn4 ( ,putnam71 #ejd ,ricketts' ,no4 #a 7syn4 ( ,d[n+71 #bdb ,ricketts' ,no4 #cg 7syn4 ( ,highl&71 #big ,riehl1 ,e4 ,a41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bee1 #ejf ,riehl's ,new ,e>ly ,grape 7syn4 ( ,eclipse71 #bed ,riehl's ,no4 #aj 7syn4 ( ,eclipse71 #bed ,riehl's ,se$l+s1 #ejf ,ries5blatt1 #ejf ,riesl+ 7syn4 ( ,miss\ri ,riesl+71 #cdi ,riv]bank 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag ,riv] grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag ,riv]side grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag ,roanoke 7syn4 ( ,scupp]nong71 #cii ,roanoke ,r$1 #ejf ,rob]t ,wylie1 #ejf ,robeson1 #ejg ,robeson1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ejg ,robeson ,se$l+1 #ejg ,rob9son ,unnam$ ,se$l+1 #ejg ,robu/a1 #ejg ,ro*e/]1 #chh ,rock grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rupe/ris71 #aac ,rock ,h\se ,indian 7syn4 ( ,wat]loo71 #eba ,rock+ham1 #ejg ,rockl& ,favorite1 #ejg ,rockwood1 #chi ,roe1 ,e4 ,p41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ead ,ro5beck1 #ejg ,ro5beck1 ,fr$1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dci1 #ddj1 #dfb1 #dgh ,rog]s1 ,a4 ,d41 quot$1 #cib ,rog]s1 ,edw>d ,/ani=d1 life (1 #cij2 v>4 orig4 by1 #aeh1 #agj1 #agh1 #bfc1 #bgc1 #bgf1 #bib1 #ccj1 #cdc1 #cdf1 #chg1 #cij1 #cig1 #dbd1 #ejg1 #ejh ,rog]s' ,hybrids discuss$1 #cij ,rog]s' ,no4 #a 7syn4 ( ,goe!71 #bgf ,rog]s' ,no4 #c 7syn4 ( ,massasoit71 #cdc ,rog]s' ,no4 #d 7syn4 ( ,wild]71 #dbc ,rog]s' ,no4 #e1 #ejg ,rog]s' ,no4 #i 7syn4 ( ,l9dley71 #cbi ,rog]s' ,no4 #ac1 #ejg ,rog]s' ,no4 #ad 7syn4 ( ,ga]tn]71 #bgb ,rog]s' ,no4 #ae 7syn4 ( ,agawam71 #aei ,rog]s' ,no4 #ai 7syn4 ( ,m]rimac71 #cde ,rog]s' ,no4 #bb 7syn4 ( ,salem71 #cig ,rog]s' ,no4 #bd1 #ejg ,rog]s' ,no4 #bh 7syn4 ( ,requa71 #chg ,rog]s' ,no4 #cb1 #ejh ,rog]s' ,no4 #ci 7syn4 ( ,am9ia71 #agj ,rog]s' ,no4 #da 7syn4 ( ,essex71 #bfc ,rog]s' ,no4 #dc 7syn4 ( ,b>ry71 #agh ,rog]s' ,no4 #dd 7syn4 ( ,h]b]t71 #bia ,rog]s' ,no4 #ec 7syn4 ( ,salem71 #cig ,rombrill1 #ejh ,rommel1 #cic ,rommel1 ,jacob1 life (1 #ceb2 v>4 orig4 by1 #ahj1 #bfj1 #bfe1 #bgj1 #ceb1 #dcd1 #ddj1 #dda1 #dec1 #def1 #dgj1 #dge1 #dii1 #eah1 #ebc1 #ebe ,rommel's ,amb] 7syn4 ( ,amb]71 #dcd ,rommel's ,etta 7syn4 ( ,etta71 #bfe ,rommel's ,no4 #c 7syn4 ( ,etta71 #bfe ,rommel's ,no4 #ai 7syn4 ( ,black ,taylor71 #dda ,rommel's ,taylor ,se$l+ ,no4 #aj 7syn4 ( ,pe>l71 #dii ,rommel's ,taylor ,se$l+ ,no4 #ad 7syn4 ( ,montefiore71 #cea ,root worm 7,see ,fidia7 ,rosalie1 #ejh ,roscoe1 #ejh ,rose1 #ejh ,rose1 ,alfr$1 v>4 orig4 by1 #afg ,rose1 ,h5ry1 m5tion$1 #hd ,rose1 ,reub51 v>4 orig4 by1 #dge ,rose ,color$ ,delaw>e 7syn4 ( ,delaw>e71 #bca ,rose ,grape 7syn4 ( ,bl&71 #dda ,rose ( ,t5nessee 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,roslyn1 #ejh ,ros)]1 #ejh ,rot 7,see ,black-rot7 ,ro?rock ( ,pr9ce 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,royal ,isabella 7syn4 ( ,pi]ce71 #ejj ,ruby1 #ejh ,ruckl&1 #ejh ,ruff 7syn4 ( ,delaw>e71 #bca ,rul&]1 #ejh ,rul&] 7syn4 ( ,l\isiana71 #cca ,rupel1 #eji ,rup]t1 #eji ,ru/l]1 #eji ,ru/y ,coat1 #eji ,rutl&1 #eji ,r4 ,w4 ,munson1 #cid ,ryckman1 ,g4 ,e41 cit$1 #gh ,sac*>issa 7syn4 ( ,la ,crissa71 #dgg ,sacks ( ,w9e 7syn4 ( ,h>wood71 #dfg ,sack/$]1 ,j41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dge1 #dgg1 #dgh ,sacrissa 7syn4 ( ,la ,crissa71 #dgg ,sage1 #cie ,sage1 ,h5ry ,e41 v>4 f\nd by1 #cie ,sag9aw1 #eji ,/4 ,albans1 #eji ,/4 ,augu/9e1 #eji ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 #eji ,/4 ,g5evieve 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,/4 ,g5evieve 7syn4 ( ,l\isiana71 #cca ,/4 ,g5evieve 7syn4 ( ,rul&]71 #ejh ,/4 ,hilaire1 #eji ,/4 ,john1 #eji ,/4 ,l\is1 #cif ,sa9te-,hel5e 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,salabra1 #eaj ,salado1 #eaj ,salem1 #cig ,salisbury1 ,e4 ,s41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eaf ,salisbury ,violet 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,sally1 #eaj ,salt ,creek1 #eaj ,saluda1 #eaj ,saluda 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,salz] ,e>lie/1 #eaj ,salz]1 ,john ,a41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eaj ,samuels1 #eaj ,samuels1 ,m4 ,m41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ebj ,sanalba1 #eaj ,sanborn1 ,jos4 ,n41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dgg ,sanbornton1 #eaj ,sanbornton 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,sanborton 7syn4 ( ,sanbornton71 #eaj ,s&-bea* grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rupe/ris71 #aac ,s& grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 longii71 #abc ,s& grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rupe/ris71 #aac ,san ,jac9to1 #eaj ,sanmelaska1 #eaj ,sanmonta1 #eaj ,sanrubra1 #eaj ,santa ,cl>a1 #eaa ,s>atoga 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,s>atoga 7syn4 ( ,fan*]71 #dfj ,saund]s1 ,dr4 ,william1 v>4 orig4 by1 #cbc1 #deh ,saxe ,:ite ,se$l+1 #eaa ,saxe1 ,w4 ,h41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eaa ,s*5ck ,:ite1 #eaa ,s*ill]1 #eaa ,s*mitz ,se$l+1 #eaa ,s*oll1 ,mrs41 m5tion$1 #bje ,s*oonemunk1 #eaa ,s*raidt1 ,casp]1 v>4 orig4 by1 #aij ,s*raidt's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,black ,pe>l71 #ahi ,s*ro$]1 ,dr4 ,h41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dcg ,s*uylkill 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,s*uylkill 7syn4 ( ,orwigsburg71 #dig ,s*uylkill ,muscadel 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,s*uylkill ,muscadell 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #ej ,s*uylkill ,muscad9e 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,s*w>zeblau] ,troll+] 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,s*w>z] ,gut$el 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,s*w>zwels*] 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,scott1 #eaa ,scott 7syn4 ( ,ironclad71 #cjf ,scott1 ,colonel1 m5tion$1 #cjf ,scott1 ,g54 ,john1 v>4 orig4 by1 #eaa ,scupp]nong1 #cii ,scupp]nong 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #aji ,scupp]nong1 orig9 ( ! ^w1 #ea ,secret>y1 #djb ,secunda1 #eaa ,se$l91 #eaa ,se$l+ ,no4 #ejb 7syn4 ( ,p>adox71 #dih ,se$s1 taxonomic value (1 #ajc ,seelye1 ,c4 ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eje ,seg> ,box 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,seg> ,box 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cgj ,segessman1 ,g41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eaa ,self-f]tility1 #ajd1 #aje ,self-/]ility1 #ajd1 #aje ,selma1 #eaa ,s5asqua1 #djc ,s5eca1 #eaa ,septimia1 #eab ,sew>d1 #eab ,sex1 taxonomic value (1 #ajd ,%ak] 7syn4 ( ,union ,village71 #dae ,%ala1 #eab ,%>on1 #eab ,%>on 7syn4 ( ,cayuga71 #bjh ,%>p ,beak1 #eab ,%elby1 #djd ,%elley1 ,daniel1 v>4 orig4 by1 #eab ,%elley ,se$l+1 #eab ,%eph>d1 ,orl&o1 m5tion$1 #hc ,%eph]d1 ,mr41 m5tion$1 #cdj ,%eph]d's ,port ,w9e 7syn4 ( ,york ,madeira71 #ebi ,%epp>d1 ,j1 ,n41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eab ,%epp>d ,delaw>e1 #eab ,%epp>d1 #eab ,%]man1 #eab ,%]ry 7syn4 ( ,dev]eaux71 #bce ,%]ry ( ! ,s\? 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,%]uah1 #eab ,%irl&1 ,w4 ,w41 m5tion$1 #hc ,%ort1 ,miss ,r4 ,r41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ebd ,%ull1 ,j41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eab ,%ull ,no4 #b1 #eab ,%urtleff1 ,dr4 ,s4 ,a41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eab ,%urtleff ,se$l+1 #eab ,%uttlewor?1 m5tion$1 #adh ,sigl>1 #eac ,silkyf9e1 #eac ,silva91 #eac ,silv] ,dawn1 #eac ,simpson1 ,j4 ,h41 m5tion$1 #aac ,simpson1 ,r41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eaa ,simpson's grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 simpsoni71 #adh ,s9awissa1 #eac ,s+leton 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,skunk grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej ,skunnymunk 7syn4 ( ,s*oonemunk71 #eaa ,skupp]nong 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #aji ,sloe1 #eac ,sluyt]1 ,pet]1 quot$1 #aj ,small ,g]man 7syn4 ( ,york ,madeira71 #ebi ,small grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach ,small ,leaf1 #eac ,sm>t's ,els+bor\gh 7syn4 ( ,els+burgh71 #beg ,sm>t's ,els+burgh 7syn4 ( ,els+burgh71 #beg ,smallwood1 #eac ,smallwood1 ,e41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eac ,smi?1 ,capta9 ,john1 quot$1 #ca1 #cb ,smi?1 ,s4 ,v41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eab ,smoo? ,canyon ,grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 treleasei71 #abb ,snelt]1 #eac ,snelt]1 ,l41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dci1 #eac ,sn[1 ,sew>d1 v>4 orig4 by1 #cef ,sn[flake1 #eac ,sol&] ,l>ge ,purple1 #eac ,solrupo1 #eac ,som]ville1 #eac ,sophia1 #eac ,s\l&1 #ead ,s\r grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach ,s\r or ,pung5t ,w9t] grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia71 #abg ,s\r ,w9t] grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia71 #abg ,s\? ,cali=nia grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 girdiana71 #acf ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 #ead ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 grapes 91 #ed ,s\!rn ,ae/ivalis 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis b\rqu9iana71 #adb ,s\!rn ,*ampion1 #ead ,s\!rn ,fox grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #aji ,s\!rn region1 #ei1 #fj1 #fa ,spangl]1 ,a4 ,m41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfa ,spani>ds1 ,am]ican grape culture by1 #f ,spani% grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 b]l&i]i71 #acj ,species1 bloom+ ord] (1 #ajc2 botanical key to1 #ajg1 #ajh2 comp>$ by ,b>tram1 #ih2 conspectus (1 #ajg1 #ajh2 resi/ance to ,phyllox]a1 #e2 se$ *>act]s (1 #ajc ,sp5c]1 #ead ,sp5c]1 ,h5ry ,b41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dcd1 #deh1 #eji ,sphaceloma ampel9um 7,see ,an?racnose7 ,sp9osa1 #ead ,sp(=d1 ,dr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #daa ,sp(=d ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,to-,kalon71 #daj ,spotswood1 ,alex&]1 m5tion$1 #h ,spott$ ,globe1 #ead ,spr+field1 #ead ,spr+ ,mill ,con/antia 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,spr+/e9 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,/ayman1 ,dr4 ,j41 life (1 #dbb2 quot$1 #aee1 #dbb2 v>4 orig4 by1 #ahi1 #bcj1 #bfh1 #ccg1 #cgf1 #cgh1 #dbb1 #dbc1 #ddf1 #dej1 #deb1 #dfj1 #dhf1 #dia1 #dig1 #dii1 #ejc1 #eac1 #ebc ,/ace1 ,s41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ead ,/ace ,:ite1 #ead ,/&>d1 #dje ,/aples1 ,isaac1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dff ,/>k-,/>1 #djf ,/eele1 ,paphro1 v>4 f\nd by1 #bhe ,/eele's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,h>t=d71 #bhd ,/elton1 #ead ,/]l+1 #ead ,/etson1 ,amos ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddd1 #ead ,/etson1 ,nahum1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dea ,/etson ,no4 #a 7syn4 ( ,cabot71 #ddd ,/etson's ,se$l+ ,no4 #d 7syn4 ( ,curtis71 #dea ,/etson's ,se$l+s1 #ead ,/ew>t1 ,philemon1 m5tion$1 #cfe ,/ew>t1 ,p41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dge1 #eae ,/+]1 ,b4 ,f41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dcc ,/ock1 #aab1 #aad1 #aba1 #adh ,/one1 ,j4 ,i41 m5tion$1 #baj ,/orm ,k+1 #ead ,/ra*ey1 ,william1 quot$1 #cb ,/ratton1 ,b5jam91 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfg ,/rawb]ry1 #eae ,/rip$ ,ruby1 #eae ,success1 #eae ,sug> ,grape1 #eae ,sug> grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rupe/ris71 #aac ,summ] grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach ,summ] grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis l9cecumii71 #ada ,summ] ,:ite1 #eae ,sumn]1 #eae ,sumpt] 7syn4 ( ,dev]eaux71 #bce ,sumpt] 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,sunrise1 #eae ,sup]b1 #djg ,sup]ior1 #eae ,supreme1 #eae ,swamp grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach ,swat>a1 #eae ,sw$es1 ,am]ican grape culture by1 #aj ,sweet ,m\nta9 grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 monticola71 #aaf ,sweet sc5t$ 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag ,sweet sc5t$ grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag ,sweet ,w9t] grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 c9]ea71 #aca ,sweetey1 #eae ,taft1 #eae ,talala1 #eaf ,talequah1 #eaf ,tallman 7syn4 ( ,*ampion71 #baj ,tallman's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,*ampion71 #baj ,tamala1 #eaf ,task]1 ,mr41 m5tion$1 #ej1 #afa ,task]'s grape 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,tatnall1 ,edw>d1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dgj ,taylor1 #djh ,taylor1 ,a41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddc ,taylor1 ,judge ,john1 m5tion$1 #dji ,taylor ,bullit 7syn4 ( ,taylor71 #djh ,taylor's ,se$l+ ,no4 #ad 7syn ( ,montefiore71 #cea ,tekoma1 #eaf ,tekomah 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,telegraph1 #dji ,t5d]pulp1 #eaf ,t5-,doll>-,prize1 #eaf ,t5drils1 cont9u\s1 #ajb2 int]mitt5t1 #ajb2 taxonomic value (1 #ajb ,t5nessee1 #eaf ,t5nessee1 grapes 91 #ed ,t5nessee ,isl&1 #eaf ,texas1 #eaf ,texas ,highl&1 #eaf ,texas ,panh&le ,l>ge ,grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 doaniana71 #acg ,texas ,po/-oak grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis l9cecumii71 #ada ,?a*]1 ,h41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cgb ,! ,beautiful 7syn4 ( ,to-,kalon71 #daj ,! ,black 7syn4 ( ,ohio 7,i771 #cfi ,!mis1 #eaf ,!odosia1 #eaf ,!ophile1 #eag ,?omas1 #eag ,?omas1 ,drury1 v>4 f\nd by1 #eag ,?ompson1 ,abram1 m5tion$1 #bcb ,?ompson1 ,david1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfj1 #eag ,?ompson1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eag ,?ompson1 ,r4 ,o41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eag ,?ompson1 ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ead ,?ompson ,r$ ,se$l+1 #eag ,?ompson's ,se$l+s1 #eag ,?ompson ,w9e1 #eag ,?orne1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #bfg ,?urmond 7syn4 ( ,dev]eaux71 #bce ,?urmond 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,?url[1 ,?omas ,c41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dei ,t9k]1 ,dr4 ,g4 ,l41 v>4 orig4 by1 #did ,ti%om+o1 #eag ,togni1 #eag ,to-,kalon1 #daj ,tokay 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,tolman 7syn4 ( ,*ampion71 #baj ,tolman's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,*ampion71 #baj ,tonkawa1 #eah ,t\rne=t1 ,joseph ,pitton de1 life (1 #ie2 m5tion$1 #aah ,tram9] 7syn4 ( ,delaw>e71 #bca ,transp>5t1 #eah ,trask1 #eah ,trask 7syn4 ( ,brighton71 #aia ,trask1 ,jas4 ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ejg ,triumph1 #daa ,triumphant1 #eah ,troll] 7syn4 ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,troll+]1 #eah ,troll+] 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,tr[bridge1 #eah ,troy1 #eah ,troy ,hamburg 7syn4 ( ,troy71 #eah ,true ,fro/ grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia71 #abg ,tryon 7syn4 ( ,york ,madeira71 #ebi ,tryone1 #eah ,tuck]1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dgc ,tuck]'s ,p>k] 7syn4 ( ,i?aca71 #dgc ,tuck]man1 #eah ,tuck]man1 ,j4 ,b41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddb1 #eaa1 #eah ,tuley 7syn4 ( ,dev]eaux71 #bce ,turkey grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis l9cecumii71 #ada ,tuskahoma1 #eah ,two-color$-leav$ v9e 7syn4 ( ,v4 bicolor71 #add ,typhlocyba comes 7,see ,grape leaf-hopp]7 ,tyrk]1 m5tion$1 #cj ,u4 ,b41 #eah ,uhl&1 #eah ,ull] ,mammo?1 #eah ,ulrey1 #eai ,ul/]1 #dad ,ul/] ,prolific 7syn4 ( ,ul/]71 #dad ,una1 #eai ,unc9ula necator 7,see ,p[d]y mildew7 ,und]hill1 #eai ,und]hill1 ,dr4 ,a4 ,k41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eai ,und]hill1 ,rob]t1 life (1 #bbf2 m5tion$1 #bc1 #bd ,und]hill1 ,r4 ,t41 life (1 #bbf2 m5tion$1 #bd ,und]hill1 ,/eph5 ,w41 life (1 #bf2 v>4 orig4 by1 #ahd1 #ahe1 #bbf1 #djd1 #dgc ,und]hill1 ,william ,a41 life (1 #bbf2 m5tion$1 #bd ,und]hill's ,cele/ial 7syn4 ( ,und]hill71 #eai ,und]hill's se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,und]hill71 #eai ,und]hill's #h-h ,hybrid 7syn4 ( ,black ,defiance71 #ahd ,und]hill's #h-ab 7syn4 ( ,black ,eagle71 #ahe ,und9e1 #eai ,union village1 #dae ,univ]sal1 #eai ,uno 7syn4 ( ,juno71 #dge ,urbana1 #eai ,urbana 7syn4 ( ,logan71 #dha ,ursula1 #eai ,uva ,fragola 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,vahl1 ,m>t91 cit$1 #abf2 life (1 #abe ,val5cia1 #eai ,val5t9e1 #eai ,val5t9es 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,valhallah1 #eai ,valiant1 ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ebd ,valk1 ,dr4 ,william ,w41 m5tion$1 #ef2 v>4 orig4 by1 #dcc ,valk's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,ada71 #dcc ,valle1 ,john1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dfd1 #dic ,valle's ,:ite ,concord 7syn4 ( ,gold5 ,concord71 #dfd ,valley grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 girdiana71 #acf ,valv]de1 #eai ,van,deman1 #eai ,van ,deman1 ,h4 ,e41 quot$1 #cga ,v&]burgh1 #eai ,van ,l9dley1 ,j41 v>4 orig4 by1 #cae ,van ,worm]1 ,e4 ,l41 v>4 f\nd by1 #bja ,v>iable grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej ,v5ango1 #ebj ,v]g5nes1 #daf ,v]gil1 quot$1 #b1 #c1 #cjc ,v]mont1 #ebj ,v]mont ,giant1 #ebj ,v]morel1 #ebj ,v]net 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,ve/a1 #ebj ,vevay 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,viala1 #ebj ,viala1 ,p41 cit$1 #bbi ,vialla1 #ebj ,vib]t1 ,m41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ejc ,victoria1 #dah1 #ebj ,victoria 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,vill>s1 ,*>les1 cit$1 #bj ,v9e & ,olive ,colony1 #bj1 #ba ,v9e ,arbor1 #ebj ,v9e ,wood grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis l9cecumii71 #ada ,v9ita1 #ebj ,v9l&1 #bi ,v9r\ge1 #ebj ,virg9ia1 #eba ,virg9ia1 grapes 91 #h1 #ad1 #ca1 #cb1 #cc1 #ch2 w9e 91 #h1 #dj ,virg9ia ,amb] 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,virg9ia grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rubra71 #abe ,virg9ia ,muscadell 7syn4 ( ,bl&71 #dda ,virg9ia ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,norton71 #cff ,viticulture ( ,new ,york1 #fh ,vitis1 *>act]s (1 #bh classification (1 #ajg1 #ajh classifi$ by ,raf9esque1 #ajj describ$ by ,l9naeus1 #ie1 #if2 by ,m>%all1 #if2 by ,mi*aux1 #ig2 by ,nuttall1 #ih1 #ii2 by ,t\rne=t1 #ie2 by ,walt]1 #if1 #ig di/ribution (1 #bf g5us (1 #ie numb] ( species (1 #ajf sexual /atus (1 #ajd ,vitis ac]ifolia 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #aji ae/ivalis1 #ajh1 #ach2 7syn4 ( ,v4 bicolor71 #add2 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag ,vitis ae/ivalis b\rqu9iana1 #adb l9cecumii1 #adj v>4 bicolor 7syn4 ( ,v4 bicolor71 #ade canesc5s 7syn4 ( ,v4 c9]ea71 #aca canesc5s 7syn4 ( ,v4 c9]ea canesc5s71 #acc c9]ea 7syn4 ( ,v4 c9]ea71 #aca ,l9cecumii 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis l9cecumii71 #ada monticola 7syn4 ( ,v4 b]l&i]i71 #acj ,am]icana 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach angulata 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #aji araneosus 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach ,arg5tifolia 7syn4 ( ,v4 bicolor71 #add ,arizon5sis 7syn4 ( ,v4 arizonica71 #acc arizonica1 #ajg1 #acc arizonica glabra1 #acd ,arizonica v>4 glabra 7syn4 ( ,v4 arizonica glabra71 #acd baileyana1 #ajg1 #abi b]l&i]i1 #ajg1 #acj bicolor1 #ajh1 #add bl&a 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej bl&i 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej ,b\rqu9a 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis b\rqu9iana71 #adb ,b\rqu9iana 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis b\rqu9iana71 #adb bracteata 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach cali=nica1 #ajg1 #ace ,cali=nica 7syn4 ( ,v4 arizonica71 #acc v>4 ,girdiana 7syn4 ( ,v4 girdiana71 #acf callosa 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag ,canad5sis ac]is folio 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag c&icans1 #ajh1 #adg2 z /ock1 #adh coriacea1 #adh ,florida =m 7syn4 ( ,v4 c&icans coriacea71 #adh can9a 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej c>iba1 #ajh1 #adf ,c>ibea 7syn4 ( ,v4 c&icans coriacea71 #adh c>ibea v>4 coriacea 7syn4 ( ,v4 c&icans coriacea71 #adh *amp9i1 #ajg1 #abd c9]ea1 #ajg1 #aca canesc5s1 #acc floridana1 #acc v>4 canesc5s 7syn4 ( ,v4 c9]ea canesc5s71 #acc ,floridana 7syn4 ( ,v4 c9]ea floridana71 #acc cordifolia #ajg1 #abg2 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag coriacea 7syn4 ( ,v4 b]l&i]i71 #acj foetida1 #abh hell]i1 #abi semp]vir5s1 #abi cordifolia v>4 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia hell]i71 #abi foetida 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia foetida71 #abh ,hell]i 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia hell]i71 #abi rip>ia 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag semp]vir5s 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia semp]vir5s71 #abi coriacea 7syn4 ( ,v4 c&icans coriacea71 #adh dimidiata 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag div]sifolia 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis l9cecumii71 #adj doaniana1 #ajh1 #acg f]rug9ea 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej ,floridana 7syn4 ( ,v4 munsoniana71 #aab ,floridana 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #aji girdiana1 #ajh1 #acf hyemalis 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag ,ill9o5sis 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag incisa 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia71 #abg2 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag2 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #ajh incisifolia 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis l9cecumii71 #ada int]m$ia 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach2 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag labrusca1 #d1 #ajb1 #ajh1 #adi ,labrusca 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach2 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia71 #abg labrusca v>4 ae/ivalis 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach ,labrusca v>4 alba 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej nigra 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej rosea 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej labruscoides 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej latifolia 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej l9secomii 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis l9cecumii71 #adj longii1 #ajg1 #abc longii microsp]ma1 #abc luteola 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej ,miss\ri5sis 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag monosp]ma 7syn4 ( ,v4 rubra71 #abe monticola1 #ajg1 #aaf2 7syn4 ( ,v4 b]l&i]i71 #acj multiloba 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis l9cecumii71 #adj munsoniana1 #ajg1 #aab muscad9a 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #ajh ,mu/ang5sis 7syn4 ( ,v4 c&icans71 #adg ,nortoni 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach2 7syn4 ( ,cyn?iana71 #bbh ,novo ,mexicana 7syn4 ( ,v4 longii71 #abc2 v>4 7syn4 ( ,v4 longii microsp]ma71 #abc ,nuevo ,mexicana 7syn4 ( ,v4 longii71 #abc obovata 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej occid5talis 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach2 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej odoratissima 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag2 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia prcox71 #aba ,palmata 7syn4 ( ,v4 rubra71 #abe peltata 7syn4 ( ,v4 munsoniana71 #aab2 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #aji prolif]a 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej pull>ia 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia71 #abg rip>ia1 #ajg1 #aag2 7syn4 ( ,v4 arizonica71 #acc v>4 palmata 7syn4 ( ,v4 rubra71 #abe prcox1 #aba rotundifolia1 #ej1 #ea1 #ajg1 #ajh rubra1 #ajg1 #abe rugosa 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej rupe/ris1 #gj1 #ga1 #ajg1 #aac1 #aad dissecta1 #aae v>4 dissecta 7syn4 ( ,v4 rupe/ris dissecta71 #aae s]ot9a 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia71 #abg2 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag simpsoni1 #ajh1 #adh ,solonis 7syn4 ( ,v4 longii71 #abc v>4 microsp]ma 7syn4 ( ,v4 longii microsp]ma71 #abc sylve/ris 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach2 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej ,virg9iana 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #adi taur9a 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #adi2 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #ajh t5uifolia 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag ,texana 7syn4 ( ,v4 monticola71 #aaf treleasei1 #ajg1 #abb v]rucosa 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #ajh v9if]a1 #c1 #d1 #be1 #ajh1 #aed am]icana 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach sylve/ris am]icana 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #adi ,virg9iana 7syn4 ( ,v4 baileyana71 #abi2 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia71 #abg2 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag virg9iana 7syn4 ( ,v4 rubra71 #abe ,virg9i5sis 7syn4 ( ,v4 rubra71 #abe vulp9a 7syn4 ( ,v4 ae/ivalis71 #ach2 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia71 #abg2 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #adi2 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag2 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #ajh v>4 cordifolia 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia71 #abg prcox 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia prcox71 #aba ,vivie1 ,m41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eba ,vivie ,hybrid1 #eba ,vivie's ,h>t=d 7syn4 ( ,vivie ,hybrid71 #eba ,waddel1 #eba ,waddel1 ,john ,f41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eba ,waldo1 ,j4 ,b41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eba ,waldo ,se$l+1 #eba ,wales1 #eba ,wallis1 ,h5ry1 cit$1 #cif2 m5tion$1 #bie ,walt]1 #dai ,walt]1 ,?omas1 life (1 #if ,waneta1 #eba ,wapanuka1 #dba ,w>d1 ,edmund1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ddf ,w>d]1 ,j4 ,a41 m5tion$1 #caa2 v>4 orig4 by1 #deb ,w>mita1 #eba ,w>n]'s 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,w>n]'s ,black ,hamburgh 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,w>n]'s ,hamburgh 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,w>r51 #eba ,w>r5 7syn4 ( ,h]bemont71 #bhh ,w>r5 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,w>r5d5 7syn4 ( ,h]bemont71 #bhh ,w>r5ton 7syn4 ( ,h]bemont71 #bhh ,w>ty grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rotundifolia71 #aji ,wa%+ton1 #eba ,wa%+ton 7syn4 ( ,dod]71 #ded ,wa%+ton 7syn4 ( ,eumelan71 #bff ,wa%ita1 #eba ,wass]zieh]1 ,otto1 v>4 orig4 by1 #cfc ,wat]loo1 #eba ,wat]man1 ,n4 ,m41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dde ,wat]t[n1 #eba ,wat]t[n 7syn4 ( ,laura71 #dgh ,watova1 #ebb ,waubeck1 #ebb ,wav]ly1 #ebb ,w4 ,b4 ,munson1 #ebb ,webb ,grape1 #ebb ,webb1 ,samuel1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ebb ,weeks1 ,dr4 ,cyrus1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ebb ,weeks ,se$l+1 #ebb ,weidmey]1 ,wm41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eah ,weis%olzig] ,troll+] 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,well]1 ,sidney1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dff ,well]'s ,halifax 7syn4 ( ,halifax71 #dff ,wells1 #ebb ,wells 7syn4 ( ,sp5c]71 #ead ,wells1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ebb ,wells ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,arkansaw71 #dce ,wells' ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,wells71 #ebb ,wells ,:ite 7syn4 ( ,sp5c]71 #ead ,wels*] 7syn4 ( ,black ,hamburg71 #ahf ,wemple 7syn4 ( ,cuyahoga71 #dea ,wemple1 ,mr41 v>4 f\nd by1 #dea ,wemple's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,cuyahoga71 #dea ,we/]n ,beauty1 #ebb ,we/]n region1 #ei1 #fj1 #fa ,wetumka1 #ebb ,wewoka1 #ebb ,:eaton1 #ebb ,:eaton1 ,john ,c41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dha1 #ebb ,:ite1 ,nelson ,bonney1 life (1 #cfd2 v>4 orig4 by1 #aff1 #agb1 #cfd1 #cfi1 #cgd1 #dcg1 #ddj1 #dgb1 #dgf1 #die ,:ite1 ,hugh1 m5tion$1 #bae ,:ite ,ann ,arbor1 #ebc ,:ite ,beauty1 #ebc ,:ite ,cape1 #ebc ,:ite ,catawba 7syn4 ( ,catawba71 #bjd ,:ite ,cl9ton1 #ebc ,:ite ,cl\d1 #ebc ,:ite ,delaw>e1 #ebc ,:ite ,delaw>e 7syn4 ( ,:ite ,cl9ton71 #ebc ,:ite ,elizabe?1 #ebc ,:ite ,engli%1 #ebd ,:ite ,fox 7syn4 ( ,v4 labrusca71 #aej ,:ite grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 monticola71 #aaf ,:itehall1 #ebd ,:ite ,h]bemont 7syn4 ( ,h]bemont71 #bhh ,:ite ,imp]ial1 #dbb ,:ite ,isabella 7syn4 ( ,:ite ,elizabe?71 #ebc ,:ite ,jewel1 #ebd ,:ite ,mol9e 7syn4 ( ,newburgh ,muscat71 #dic ,:ite ,m\nta91 #ebd ,:ite ,muscad9e1 #ebd ,:ite ,muscad9e 7syn4 ( ,scupp]nong71 #cii ,:ite ,muscat ( ,newburgh 7syn4 ( ,newburgh ,muscat71 #dic ,:ite ,musk1 #ebd ,:ite's ,nor!rn ,muscad9e 7syn4 ( ,:ite ,nor!rn ,muscat71 #ebd ,:ite ,nor!rn ,muscat1 #ebd ,:ite ,norton1 #ebd ,:ite ,rose1 #ebd ,:ite ,scupp]nong 7syn4 ( ,scupp]nong71 #cii ,:ite ,sug>1 #ebd ,:ite ,t5nessee1 #ebd ,:ite ,ul/]1 #ebd ,:ite ,virg9ia ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,:ite ,norton71 #ebd ,wi]1 ,d4 ,h41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dgg ,wilcox1 #ebe ,wild]1 #dbc ,wild]1 ,m>%all ,p41 quot$1 #cia2 v>4 orig4 by1 #dhi ,wild ,grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 cali=nica71 #ace ,wild gre5 ,muscad9e 7syn4 ( ,scupp]nong71 #cii ,wild+1 #ebe ,wilk9s1 ,o4 ,fitzalwyn1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ebe ,wilk9s ,se$l+1 #ebe ,will>d1 #ebe ,williamson1 #ebe ,williamsport1 #ebe ,william ,w9e1 #ebe ,willie1 #ebe ,willie ,bell 7syn4 ( ,bell71 #aha ,willis1 #ebe ,willis ,fr$onia1 #ebe ,willis ,l>ge ,black1 #ebe ,wilm+ton1 #ebf ,wilm+ton ,r$ 7syn4 ( ,wyom+71 #dca ,wilm+ton ,:ite 7syn4 ( ,wilm+ton71 #ebf ,w9*ell1 #dbe ,w9*ell1 ,c4 ,e41 m5tion$1 #dbf ,w9*e/]1 #ebf ,w9dsor1 #ebf ,w9e1 #ec1 #fb2 color (1 #fb1 #fc2 h[ made1 #fb1 #fc2 k9ds (1 #fc2 production ( 9 ,u4 ,s41 #fc1 #fd ,w9$rop1 #ebf ,w9e ,grape 7syn4 ( ,delaw>e71 #bca ,w9e grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 v9if]a71 #aed ,w9e ,h\se1 #ebf ,w9e ,k+1 #ebf ,w9el&1 #cj ,w9e-mak+1 #ee2 premiums =1 #g ,w+wor?1 ,g41 v>4 orig4 by1 #eji ,w9ne 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,w9ona1 #ebf ,w9sl[1 #ebf ,w9sl[1 ,*>les1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ebf ,w9sl[1 ,gov]nor ,edw>d1 quot$1 #ce ,w9t] grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 b]l&i]i71 #acj ,w9t] grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 bicolor71 #ade ,w9t] grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 cordifolia71 #abg ,w9t] grape 7syn4 ( ,v4 rip>ia71 #aag ,w9t] ,w9e1 #ebf ,w9?rop1 ,john1 m5tion$1 #ac ,)]bee1 ,j4 ,g41 v>4 f\nd by1 #aeg ,witt1 #ebf ,witt1 ,mi*ael1 v>4 orig4 by1 #ebf ,wolfe 7syn4 ( ,york ,madeira71 #ebi ,wood1 ,william1 quot$1 #ce ,woodbury1 #ebf1 #ebg ,woodbury1 ,d4 ,b41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ebf ,woodbury ,:ite 7syn4 ( ,woodbury71 #ebf ,woodcock ,se$l+1 #ebg ,wood=d1 #ebg ,woodriv]1 #ebg ,woodruff1 #dbg ,woodruff1 ,c4 ,h41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dbh1 #did1 #ebc ,woodruff1 ,w4 ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dei ,woodruff's ,no4 #a 7syn4 ( ,etawa71 #dei ,woodruff ,r$ 7syn4 ( ,woodruff71 #dbg ,woodson1 #ebg ,woodw>d 7syn4 ( ,isabella71 #cjg ,woodw>d1 ,a4 ,w41 v>4 orig4 by1 #chf ,woodw>d1 ,w4 ,a41 v>4 f\nd by1 #eaa ,wooly ,rip>ia 7syn4 ( ,v4 longii71 #abc ,word51 #dbi ,word51 ,s*uyl]1 v>4 orig4 by1 #dcj ,word5's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,word571 #dbi ,wor?+ton 7syn4 ( ,cl9ton71 #bac ,wylie 7syn4 ( ,l5oir71 #cbh ,wylie1 ,dr4 ,a4 ,p41 life (1 #ahb1 #ahc2 v>4 orig4 by1 #ahb1 #dfb1 #dfc1 #dgd1 #dhf1 #dia1 #ejj1 #ejf1 #ebg1 #ebh ,wylie's ,se$l+s1 #ebg1 #ebh ,wyman1 #ebg ,wyman 7syn4 ( ,to-,kalon71 #daj ,wyman's ,se$l+ 7syn4 ( ,wyman71 #ebg ,wynant1 #ebg ,wyom+1 #dca1 #ebg ,wyom+ ,r$ 7syn4 ( ,wyom+71 #dca ,x5ia1 #ebh ,xlnta1 #ebh ,yell[-leaf 7,see ,*lorosis7 ,yell[ ,muscad9e 7syn4 ( ,scupp]nong71 #cii ,yoakum1 #ebh ,yomago1 #ebh ,yonk]s1 #ebh ,yonk]s ,honey ,dew 7syn4 ( ,honey ,dew71 #dfi ,york ,cl>et1 #ebh ,york ,lisbon1 #ebi ,york ,lisbon 7syn4 ( ,alex&]71 #afj ,york ,madeira1 #ebi ,"y1 ,frank ,l41 v>4 orig4 by1 #dhc ,"y ,am]ica1 #ebi ,y\ngk5's ,honey ,dew 7syn4 ( ,honey ,dew71 #dfi ,yunk]'s ,honey ,dew 7syn4 ( ,honey ,dew71 #dfi ,zane1 #ebi ,zane1 ,mr41 v>4 orig4 by1 #ebi ,zelia1 #ebi ,z9nia1 #ebi ,zita1 #ebi ,zoe1 #ebi 99 99 99 99 99 ,,footnotes3 #a ,de ,c&olle1 ,alphonse4 ,orig9 ( ,cultivat$ ,plants3 #aia4 #ahhb4 #b ,translation ( ,dryd54 #c ,p]haps ! mo/ m>k$ di/+ui%+ feature betwe5 anci5t & mod]n grape-gr[+ is ! tra9+ ( v9es to trees z indicat$ 9 ! above v]se4 ,pl9y says ( ?is practice3 ,9 ,campania !y atta* ! v9e to ! popl>2 embrac+ ! tree to :i* x is ?us w$d$1 ! v9e grasps ! bran*es ) its amor\s arms1 & z x climbs1 holds on ) its knott$ trunk till x has rea*$ ! v summit2 ! height be+ sometimes s /up5d\s t ! v9tag] :5 hir$1 is wont to /ipulate = 8 fun]al pile & grave at ! own]'s exp5se4 #d ,bailey gives ! foll[+ int]pretation ( ! ^w fox & its d]ivatives z appli$ to grapes3 ,! t]m fox-grape 0 evid5tly appli$ to v>i\s k9ds ( native grapes 9 ! e>ly days1 al?\gh x is n[ re/rict$ to ! ,vitis labrusca ( ! ,atlantic slope4 ,sev]al explanations h be5 giv5 ( ! orig9 ( ! "n fox-grape1 "s suppos+ t x came f a belief t foxes eat ! grapes1 o!rs t ! odor ( ! grape sugge/s t ( ! fox--an op9ion to :i* ,bev]ly subscrib$ ne>ly two c5turies ago--& /ill o!rs ?9k+ t x 0 sugge/$ by "s resemblance ( ! leaves to a fox's track4 ,william ,b>tram1 writ+ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury1 9 ! ,m$ical ,repository1 is pron\nc$ 9 8 convictions3 ',! /rong1 rancid smell ( its ripe fruit1 v l ! effluvia aris+ f ! body ( ! fox1 gave rise to ! specific "n ( ?is v9e1 & n1 z _m h imag9$1 f its be+ ! fav\rite food ( ! animal2 = ! fox 7at lea/ ! ,am]ican species7 seldom eats grapes or o!r fruit if he c get animal food4' ,i am incl9$ to sugge/1 h[ev]1 t ! "n may h orig9at$ f ! lively fox+ or intoxicat+ qualities ( ! poor w9e :i* 0 made f ! wild grapes4 ,at ! pres5t day we speak ( 'fox9ess' :5 we wi% to recall ! musk-l flavor ( ! wild ,vitis labrusca2 b ?is use ( ! t]m is ( lat] orig91 & 0 sugge/$ by ! "n ( ! grape4 ,bailey1 ,l4 ,h4 ,evolution ( ,our ,native ,fruits3 #e4 #ahih4 #e ,! phyllox]a 7,phyllox]a va/atrix ,plan*47 has f\r =ms3 ! leaf-gall =m1 ! root =m1 ! w+$ =m1 & ! sexual =m4 ,individual leaf insects produce f #ejj to #fjj eggs1 ! root insect ab\t #ajj1 ! w+$ insect f #c to #h1 & ! sexual insect b #a4 ,! la/ is laid 9 ! fall on old wood2 ! foll[+ spr+ a l\se hat*es f x & at once goes to ! upp] surface ( a leaf & ins]ts its beak4 ,! irritation ?us produc$ causes a gall to =m on ! l[] side ( ! leaf4 ,9 fifte5 days ! l\se becomes a full-gr[n w+less female & proce$s to fill ! gall ) eggs aft] :i* x dies4 ,9 ab\t a week females hat* f ! eggs & migrate to =m new colonies4 ,sev]al g5]ations ( females occur 9 a summ]4 ,at ! approa* ( w9t] ! lice g into ! gr\nd :]e !y rema9 dormant until spr+ :5 !y attack ! roots =m+ galls analog\s to ^? on ! leaves & pass+ ?r\gh a s]ies ( g5]ations simil> to ^? above gr\nd4 ,9 ! fall ( ! second ye> "s ( ! root =ms give rise to w+$ females :i* fly to neighbor+ v9es4 ,^! lay eggs 9 gr\ps ( two or f\r on ! wood ( ! grape4 ,! eggs are ( two sizes2 f ! small] size1 males hat* 9 n9e or t5 days2 f ! l>g]1 females4 ,9 ! sexual /age no food is tak5 & ! insects quickly pair4 ,! female produces an egg :i* fills its entire body & aft] ?ree or f\r days lays x1 ?is be+ ! w9t] egg1 ! beg9n+ ( ! cycle4 ,!re are no rem$ies wor?y ! "n & ! only effici5t prev5tive is to graft susceptible v>ieties on resi/ant /ocks4 ,species are resi/ant ab\t 9 ! ord] nam$3 ,v4 rotundifolia1 ,v4 rip>ia1 ,v4 rupe/ris1 ,v4 cordifolia1 ,v4 b]l&i]i1 ,v4 c9]ea1 ,v4 ae/ivalis1 ,v4 c&icans1 ,v4 labrusca1 ,v4 v9if]a4 #f ,delaw>e wrote z foll[s3 ,9 e boske & h$ge1 & n f>r f our pallisade gates we h ?\s&s ( goodly v9es runn+ along & leav+ to e tree1 :i* yealds a pl5tiful grape 9 _! k9de4 ,let me appeale1 !n1 to k if ^! naturall v9es 7 plant$1 dress$ & ord]$ by skilfull v9e>oons1 :e!r we might n make a p]fect grape & fruitfull v9tage 9 %ort "t8 ,delaw>e's ,relation4 ,br[n's ,g5esis ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #afaa4 #g ,disc\rse ( ! ,old ,company1 ,briti% ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,vol4 ,,iii3#dj ,see ,virg9ia ,magaz9e ( ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 ,i3#aei4 #h ,laws & ,ord]s ( ,assembly1 ,feb4 #af1 #afbc4 ,mc,donald ,pap]s1 ,vol4 ,i3#ig4 ,va4 ,/ate ,libr>y4 #i ,! clause 9 ?is act reads3 ,t all work]s ^u corne & tobacco %all ?is spr+ plant five vyne plants p] pol1 & ! next ye>1 be=e ! fir/ day ( ,m>*1 #bj p] pol1 ^u p5altie to =feite "o b>rell ( corne = e "o t %all make default4 #aj ,rog] ,bev]ly1 writ+ a c5tury lat]1 describes ! e>ly grape-gr[+ 9 ,virg9ia z foll[s3 ,! ,ye> be=e ! ,massacre1 ,anno #afbb1 :i* de/roy$ s _m good projects = ,virg9ia2 "s ,fr5* vign]ons 7 s5t ?i!r to make an exp]im5t ( _! v9es4 ,^! p 7 s 9 love ) ! c\ntry1 t ! "* !y !n gave ( x 9 _! lett]s to ! company 9 ,engl&1 0 v mu* to its advantage1 namely3 ',t x f> excell$ _! own c\ntry ( ,langu$oc1 ,! v9es gr[+ 9 great abundance & v>iety all ov] ! l&2 t "s ( ! grapes 7 ( t unusual bigness1 t !y did n believe !m to be grapes1 until by op5+ !m !y _h se5 _! k]nels2 t !y _h plant$ ! cutt+s ( _! v9es at ,mi*aelmas1 & _h grapes f ^? v cutt+s1 ! spr+ foll[+4 ,add+ 9 ! conclusion1 t !y _h n he>d ( ! l 9 any o!r c\ntry4' ,nei!r 0 ?is out ( ! way1 = ,i h made ! same exp]im5t1 bo? ( _! natural v9e1 & ( ! plants s5t ?i!r f ,engl&4 ,bev]ly's ,virg9ia1 ,second ,edition3 #ajg4 #agbb4 #aa ,fiske1 ,john4 ,old ,virg9ia & ,h] ,neighbors4 ,vol4 ,,ii3#cgb1 #che4 #ab ,am]ican ,f>m]1 ,baltimore1 #aa3ce4 #ahbi-cj4 ,ib41 #ab3cif4 #ahcj-ca4 #ac ,dank]s1 ,jasp]1 & ,sluyt]1 ,pet]4 ,j\rnal ( a ,voyage to ,new ,york 9 #afgi-hj3 #acj4 #ad ,docum5ts ,relat+ to ! ,colonial ,hi/ory ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 ,holl& ,docum5ts1 #afjc-afef4 ,vol4 ,i3#bgg4 #ae ,! grant ( ! b\nty is record$ 9 ,volume ,,ii1 ,de$s ( ,new ,york1 page #hg1 on file 9 ! (fice ( ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate at ,albany4 ,x runs z foll[s3-- ,:]eas ,paul ,ri*>ds an inhabitant ( ?is ,citty ( ,new ,york ha? made kn[ne to mee 8 int5t to plant v9es at a c]ta9e ,plantation t hee ha? ^u ,long ,isl&1 call$ ! little ffiefe1 :i* if x succe$1 may r$\nd v mu* to ! future b5efitt & advantage ( ! inhabitants )9 ?is ,gov]nm5t2 & 9 reg>d1 x w require mu* lab\r & a consid]able *>ge to provide v9es & to p'p>e ! gr\nd & make x fitt = production ( w9es2 f= an ,enc\ragemt to ! said ,paul ,ri*>ds 9 8 proce$+s !re91 ,i h ?\ght fitt to grant unto him ^! foll[+ privileges 7viz47 ,t all w9es ( ! gr[? ( su* v9es z ! said ,paul ,ri*>ds %all plant1 or cause to bee plant$ at ! place a=esaid1 %all be free f any k9d ( impositions = ev] if sold 9 grosse1 & n by retaile3 ,t ! said ,paul ,ri*>ds1 8 heirs1 executors1 or assignes %all h ! privilege to h su* w9es sold by retaile 9 any "o h\se 9 ,new ,york = ! t]m ( ?irty ye>s to come1 f ! "t ( ! fir/ sell+ ( 8 w9es1 free f all impo/s or excise3 ,t e p]son :o %all h]eaft] = ?irty ye>s to come1 plant v9es )9 any place 9 ?is ,gov]nm5t1 %all ^u ! fir/ ye>es improvem5t pay unto ! said ,paul ,ri*>ds1 8 heirs1 executors1 or assignes1 five %ill+s = e acre s plant$ z an ackn[l$gem5t ( 8 be+ ! fir/ und]tak] & plant] ( v9es 9 ^! p>ts4 ,= ! confirmacon ( ! privileges above specifi$1 ,i h h]eunto put my h& & seale4 ,giv5 at f=t ,james 9 ,new ,york ?is #aj? day ( ,janu>y1 #affd4 ,,ric4 ,,nicolls4 #af ,bellomont's lett] is z foll[s3 ,z to propagat+ v9es 9 ^! plantations to supply all ( ! dom9ions ( ! ,cr[n1 ,i c easily make t appe>4 ,9 ! fir/ place ,nature has giv5 u an index 9 ^! ,plantations t po9ts to u :at may be done 9 t by ! help ( art4 ,!re gr[s wild grapes 9 all ( ! woods "h 9 v great abundance2 ,i h obs]v$ !m 9 _m places b especially above ,albany on ! side ( ! ,hudson riv] :]e ! v9es all along tw9e ar\nd great trees & fair clu/]s ( grapes appe> sometimes above #cj foot f ! gr\nd4 ,i h eat5 ( ! wild grapes :i* ,i ?\ght ta/efull en\gh1 only some:at h>% z an effect ( _! wildness4 ,!n foll[s an acc\nt ( h[ ! ,fr5* _h previ\sly made w9e 9 ,canada b t ! ,c\rt ( ,france _h =bade its be+ made fe>+ t x might be prejudicial to ! w9e trade ( ! ,fr5*4 ,e>l ( ,bellomont to ! ,lords ( ,trade1 ,nov4 #bh1 #agjj4 ,docum5ts ,relat+ to ,colonial ,hi/ory ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 #d3ghg4 #ag ,francis ,higg9son wrote 9 #afcj3 excell5t ,v9es are "h up & d[ne 9 ! ,woods4 ,our ,gov]n\r ha? already plant$ a ,v9ey>d ) great hope ( encrease4 #ah ,bellomont records t a company ( ,fr5* immigrants _h made good w9e 9 ,rhode ,isl& t[>d ! close ( ! #ag? c5tury b !y 7 driv5 out ( ! ,colony by ! ,engli% & ! indu/ry ceas$4 ,n4 ,y4 ,col4 ,doc41 #d3ghg4 #ai ,am]ican ,f>m]1 ,baltimore1 #aj3chg4 #ahbh-bi4 #bj ,am]ican ,f>m]1 ,baltimore1 #aj3chg4 #ahbh-bi4 ,ib41 #aa3agb4 #ahbi-cj4 #ba ,vol4 ,i3#aag-aih4 #agfi-ga4 #bb ,all t is kn[n ( ! life ( ,edw>d ,antill is f\nd 9 ,johnson's ,rural ,economy :]e he is spok5 ( z ,mr4 ,antill1 late ( ,middlesex ,c\nty1 ,new-,j]sey1 a g5tleman :o cultivat$ ! grape ) s$ul\s att5tion4 ,johnson's ,rural ,economy3 #afd4 #ahjf4 #bc ,legaux's pap] is f\nd z a treatise on ! cultivation ( ! v9e 9 ,! ,true ,am]ican ( ,m>* #bd1 #ahjj4 ,! article conta9s ab\t #bjjj words1 ! ma9 "p ( x be+ ,a ,/atem5t ( ! ,exp5se & ,income ( a ,v9ey>d1 ,made on ,f\r ,acres ( ,l&1 situat$ 9 ,p5nsylvania1 9 ! #dj? ,degree ( ,latitude4 ,( ,legaux's life1 little is kn[n1 o!r ?an t he 0 a ,fr5* v9e-gr[] ) an exp]im5tal v9ey>d1 z he says 9 ! above article1 at ,spr+ ,mill1 #ac miles ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 f ,philadelphia4 ,johnson speaks ( ,legaux z a philan?ropi/2 ,mc,mahon calls him a g5tleman ( ,wor? & ,sci5ce2 :ile ,raf9esque accuses him ( fraud & deception 9 ! matt] ( call+ ! native grapes ,bl& & ,alex&]1 ,madeira & ,cape4 ,judg+ ! man f 8 article 9 ,! ,true ,am]ican & f ! words ( 8 contempor>ies1 he 0 a capable1 en?usia/ic & intellig5t grape-gr[]4 ,8 philan?ropy is m d\btful4 ,x is true t he di/ribut$ _m grape plants b z he himself says to fell[ citiz5s possess+ pecuni>y means4 ,t he practic$ deceit 9 ! matt] ( ! introduction ( ! ,alex&] z ! ,cape is probable4 ,h[ev]1 8 deceit1 if su* x 71 may be =gott5 & he %\ld be rememb]$ z ! *ief dissem9ator ( ! ,alex&]1 ! fir/ di/9ctive ,am]ican v>iety ( comm]cial value4 #bd ,! ,true ,am]ican1 ,m>* #bd1 #ahjj4 #be ,johnson1 ,s4 ,w41 ,rural ,economy3 #aef4 ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j41 #ahjf4 #bf ,john ,james ,duf\r1 born 9 ! canton ( ,vaud1 ,switz]l&1 9 #agfc1 came to ,am]ica 9 #agif to engage 9 grape-gr[+ & w9e-mak+4 ,an acc\nt ( 8 "w is giv5 9 ! text4 ,9 #ahbf ,duf\r publi%$ ! ,v9e ,dress]'s ,guide1 :i* became ! au?ority on ! culture ( ?is fruit at t "t4 ,duf\r mu/ be rememb]$ = ?is book1 = ! dissem9ation ( ! ,cape or ,alex&] grape1 & z "o ( ! pione] v9ey>di/s & w9e-mak]s ( ! ,new ,_w4 #bg ,duf\r1 ,john ,james4 ,v9e ,dress]'s ,guide3 #cjg4 #ahbf4 #bh ,u4 ,s4 ,/atutes at ,l>ge1 #c3cgd4 #bi ,am]ican ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,public ,l&s1 #c3cif4 #cj ,= full] acc\nts ( ?is dramatic episode 9 ,fr5* & ,am]ican hi/ory1 & 9 ,am]ican agriculture1 see3 ,! ,napoleonic ,exiles 9 ,am]ica1 ,j4 ,s4 ,reeves1 ,johns ,hopk9s ,univ]sity ,/udies1 #bc ,s]ies1 pp4 #ecj-fef2 ,! ,bonap>ti/s 9 ,alabama1 ,a4 ,b4 ,lyon1 ,gulf ,/ate ,hi/orical ,magaz9e1 ,m>*1 #aijc2 ,! ,fr5* ,grant 9 ,alabama1 ,g4 ,:itfield ,jr41 ,ala4 ,hi/4 ,soc41 ,vol4 ,,iv2 ,! ,v9e & ,olive ,colony1 ,t4 ,c4 ,mc,corvey1 ,alabama ,hi/orical ,reports1 ,april1 #ahhe4 #ca ,! la/ (ficial acc\nt ( ?is colony 9 ! records ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t is f\nd 9 ,am]ican ,/ate ,pap]s1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,9 a lett] ( ,fr$]ick ,ravesies to ! treasury dep>tm5t dat$ ,janu>y #ah1 #ahbh1 is ! foll[+3 ',we h suff]$ sev]ely f ! unp>allel$ dr\ght ( ! la/ summ]2 _m ( our l>ge/ & f9e/ look+ v9es1 :i* _h j comm5c$ be>+ luxuriantly1 7 totally kill$ by ! dry hot wea!r4 ,yet1 not)/&+ ?is mis=tune1 ! grantees1 ) increas$ dilig5ce1 are us+ e ex]tion to procure o!rs :i* are ?\ght to be m cong5ial to ! soil & climate1 & are n[ g5]ally engag$ 9 replant+4' ,quot$ f ,/udies 9 ,s\!rn & ,alabama ,hi/ory1 #aijd3aca4 #cb ,william ,rob]t ,pr9ce1 f\r? proprietor ( ! ,pr9ce ,nurs]y & ,l9nan ,botanic ,g>d51 ,flu%+1 ,long ,isl&1 0 born 9 #agie & di$ 9 #ahfi4 ,pr9ce 0 )\t "q ! mo/ capable horticulturi/ ( 8 "t & an economic botani/ ( note4 ,8 love ( horticulture & botany 0 a h]itage f at lea/ ?ree pat]nal ance/ors1 all not$ 9 ^! bran*es ( sci5ce1 & all ( :om he app>5tly surpass$ 9 m5tal capacity1 intellectual tra9+ & en]gy4 ,he 0 a prolific writ]1 be+ ! au?or ( ?ree horticultural works :i* w always take high rank among ^? ( ,pr9ce's "t4 ,^! 73 ,a ,treatise on ! ,v9e1 ,pomological ,manual1 9 two volumes1 & ! ,manual ( ,roses1 beside :i* he 0 a lifelong contributor to ! horticultural press4 ,all ( ,pr9ce's writ+s are *>act]iz$ by a cle>1 vigor\s /yle & by accuracy 9 /atem5t4 ,8 works are almo/ :olly lack+ ! ornate & pret5ti\s furbel[s ( mo/ ( 8 contempor>ies ?\gh x mu/ be confess$ t he fell into ! !n common fault ( foll[+ ,european writ]s some:at slavi%ly4 ,dur+ ! lifetime ( ,wm4 ,r4 ,pr9ce1 & t ( 8 fa!r ,wm4 ,pr9ce1 :o di$ 9 #ahdb1 ! ,pr9ce ,nurs]y at ,flu%+ 0 ! c5t] ( ! horticultural nurs]y int]e/s ( ! c\ntry2 x 0 ! cle>+-h\se = =eign & ,am]ican horticultural plants1 = new v>ieties & = in=mation reg>d+ plants ( all k9ds4 #cc ,pr9ce1 ,wm4 ,r4 ,a ,treatise on ! ,v9e3 #ccg4 #ahcj4 #cd ,ni*olas ,longwor?1 kn[n z ! fa!r ( ,am]ican grape culture1 0 born 9 #aghc1 9 ,new>k1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,at an e>ly age he w5t ,we/ mak+ 8 home 9 ,c9c9nati :]e he became a lawy]1 bank]1 & a man ( l>ge bus9ess affairs 9 :at 0 !n ! f> fronti]4 ,f 8 boyhood ,longwor? 0 int]e/$ 9 horticulture & z a "y man became greatly int]e/$ 9 native grapes4 ,he 0 "o ( ! m5 to :om ,john ,adlum s5t ! ,catawba & he became its dissem9ator & a promot] = ! region 9 :i* he liv$1 mak+ ?is grape ! fir/ great ,am]ican grape & ,c9c9nati ! c5t] ( ! =emo/ grape-gr[+ region ( ! ,cont95t4 ,he 0 ! fir/ v9ey>di/ to make w9e on a l>ge scale & p]fect$ me?ods ( mak+ w9e f ! native grapes s t ! product 0 comp>able to t f ! be/ w9e cell>s ( ,europe4 ,longwor? introduc$ ! fir/ cultivat$ v>iety ( ! wild black raspb]ry1 ,rubus occid5talis1 "u ! "n ( ! ,ohio ,ev]be>+4 ,8 int]e/ 9 ! /rawb]ry 0 second only to t 9 ! grape & he n only did mu* to enc\rage its cultivation 9 ,am]ica b also1 aft] a long controv]sy ) horticulturi/s & botani/s1 fully e/abli%$ ! fact t _m v>ieties ( ?is fruit are inf]tile ) !mselves & t "u cultivation inf]tile v>ieties mu/ h sorts plant$ ne> !m capable ( cross-poll9at+ !m4 ,longwor? took a deep int]e/ 9 horticulture g5]ally & ga!r$ ab\t him a gr\p ( pione] horticulturi/s :o did mu* = ,am]ican fruit-gr[+ 9 ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 9 _m respects mold+ & guid+ ! horticulture ( t "t 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,longwor? wrote mu* = ! contempor>y horticultural magaz9es & publi%$ two small books1 ,! ,cultivation ( ! ,grape & ,manufacture ( ,w9e & ,"* & ,habits ( ! ,/rawb]ry ,plant4 ,he di$ 9 #ahfc1 ag$ #hj1 at ,c9c9nati1 "o ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$1 ent]pris+ & weal?y citiz5s ( 8 ,/ate4 ,= fur!r discussion ( 8 life see ,bailey's ,evolution ( ,our ,native ,fruits3 #fa-fe4 #ahih4 #ce ,probably ! nor!rn "p ( ! v9e region ( ,france2 ! ,jura m\nta9s are 9 ! ea/ c5tral "p4 #cf ,transactions ,new ,york ,/ate ,agricultural ,society1 #f3fhi4 #ahdf4 #cg ,full]1 ,&rew ,s4 ,record ( ,horticulture3 #ba4 #ahff4 #ch ,!re is a wild grape v9e 7probably ,vitis ae/ivalis7 ne> ,daphne1 ,alabama1 on ! %ores ( ,mobile ,bay1 kn[n z ! ,g5]al ,jackson v9e because ( ,g5]al ,jackson hav+ camp$ "u x dur+ ! w> ) ! ,sem9ole ,indians 9 #ahag-ah1 :i* = age & size is truly rem>kable4 ,mr4 ,e4 ,q4 ,norton ( ,daphne writes ( ?is v9e z foll[s3 ,!re is little kn[n reg>d+ ! ,jackson grape v9e beyond ! fact t ! olde/ man liv+ "h :5 ,i came "h--#bj ye>s ago--told me t ! ,indians told him :5 he came "h z a boy--#ij ye>s ago--t ! v9e 0 at t "t an old "o1 :i* _h be5 gr[+ long] ?an any ( !m c\ld rememb]4 ,x 0 #bg in*es ?r\gh ! trunk1 f\r feet above ! gr\nd1 :5 ,i measur$ x t5 ye>s s9ce1 & ! v9es 7 runn+ ov] ! surr\nd+ trees = _m rods4 ,! grapes 7 v small1 q h>d & n v juicy4 #ci ,! foll[+ is an acc\nt ( ! discov]y ( grapes 9 ,v9l& translat$ f ! ,icel&ic manuscript by ,reeves3 ,:5 !y _h complet$ _! h\se ,leif said to 8 companions1 ',i propose n[ to divide our company into two gr\ps1 & to set ab\t an exploration ( ! c\ntry2 "o half ( our p>ty %all rema9 at home at ! h\se1 :ile ! o!r half %all inve/igate ! l&1 & !y mu/ n g beyond a po9t f :i* !y c return home ! same ev5+1 & are n to sep>ate4 ,?us !y did = a "t2 ,leif himself1 by turns1 jo9$ ! explor+ p>ty or rema9$ beh9d at ! h\se4 99 99 99 ,x 0 discov]$ "o ev5+ t "o ( _! p>ty 0 miss+1 & ?is prov$ to be ,tyrk] ! ,g]man4 ,leif 0 sorely tr\bl$ by ?is1 = ,tyrk] _h liv$ ) ,leif & 8 fa!r = a long "t1 & _h be5 v devot$ to ,leif1 :5 ! latt] 0 a *ild4 ,leif sev]ely reprim&$ 8 companions1 & prep>$ to g 9 se>* ( him1 tak+ twelve m5 ) him4 ,!y _h proce$$ b a %ort di/ance f ! h\se1 :5 !y 7 met by ,tyrk]1 :om !y receiv$ mo/ cordially4 ,leif obs]v$ at once t 8 fo/]-fa!r 0 9 lively spirits4 99 99 99 ,leif address$ him1 & ask$3 ',:]e=e art ?\ s belat$1 fo/]-fa!r m9e1 & a/ray f ! o!rs'4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ,tyrk] spoke = "s "t 9 ,g]man1 roll+ 8 eyes1 & gr9n+1 & !y c\ld n und]/& him2 b aft] a "t he address$ !m 9 ! ,nor!rn tongue3 ',i did n g mu* fur!r ?an y1 & yet ,i h some?+ ( novelty to relate4 ,i h f\nd v9es & grapes4' ',is ?is inde$ true1 fo/]-fa!r8' said ,leif4 ',( a c]ta9ty x is true'1 quo? he1 '= ,i 0 born :]e !re is n lack ( ei!r grapes or v9es4' ,!y slept ! night ?r\gh1 & on ! morr[ ,leif said to 8 %ipmates3 ',we w n[ divide our lab\rs1 & ea* day w ei!r ga!r grapes or cut v9es & fell trees1 s z to obta9 a c>go ( ^! = my %ip4' ,!y act$ ^u ?is advice1 & x is said1 t _! aft]-boat 0 fill$ ) grapes4 ,a c>go suffici5t = ! %ip 0 cut1 & :5 ! spr+ came1 !y made _! %ip ready1 & sail$ away2 & f its products ,leif gave ! l& a "n1 & call$ x ,w9el&4 ,f9d+ ( ,w9el& ! ,good3 #ff4 ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press1 ,london1 #ahij4 #dj ,w9sor1 ,ju/94 ,n>rative & ,critical ,hi/ory ( ,am]ica1 ,vol4 ,,iii3#fa4 #da ,fir/ ,voyage to ,virg9ia1 ,hakluyt's ,voyages1 #c3cja-cjf4 #db ,hakluyt's ,voyages1 #c3caa4 #dc ,disc\rse ( ,?omas ,h>iot1 ,hakluyt's ,voyages1 #c3cbf4 #dd ,smi?'s ,hi/ory ( ,virg9ia1 #a3abb 7#afbi7 ,repr9t #ahai4 #de ,works ( ,capt4 ,john ,smi?1 p4 #ejb4 #df ,bruce1 ,philip ,alex&]4 ,economic ,hi/ory ( ,virg9ia 9 ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury1 ,vol4 #a3bai4 #ahif4 #dg ,report ( ,francis ,maguel1 ,spani% ,ar*ives1 ,br[n's ,g5esis ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 #cie4 #afaj4 #dh ,! ,hi/ory ( ,travaile into ,virg9ia3 #abj4 #afaj1 pr9t$ #ahdi4 #di ,anonym\s4 ,a ,p]fect ,description ( ,virg9ia4 #afdi1 ,pet] ,=ce's ,tracts1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 #ahch4 #ej ,grape v9es ( ! ,engli% /ock1 z well z ^? ( _! own production1 be> mo/ abundantly1 if !y are suff]$ to run ne> ! gr\nd1 & increase v k9dly by slipp+2 yet v few h !m at all 9 _! g>d5s1 mu* less endeavor to improve !m by cutt+ or lay+4 ,b s9ce ! fir/ impression ( ?is book1 "s v9ey>ds h be5 attempt$1 & "o is br\ght to p]fection1 ( sev5 hundr$ & fifty gallons a ye>4 ,! w9e dr9ks at pres5t gre5i%1 b ! own] d\bts n ( good w9e1 9 a ye> or two m1 & takes great delight t way4 ,:5 a s+le tree happ5s 9 cle>+ ! gr\nd1 to be left /&+1 ) a v9e ^u x1 op5 to ! sun & air1 t v9e g5]ally produces z mu* z f\r or five o!rs1 t rema9 9 ! woods4 ,i h se5 9 ?is case1 m grapes ^u "o s+le v9e1 ?an w\ld load a ,london c>t4 ,& = all ?is1 ! p till ( late nev] remov$ any ( !m into _! g>d5s1 b cont5t$ !mselves ?r\gh\t ! :ole c\ntry ) ! grapes !y f\nd ?us wild4 ,bev]ly1 ,rob]t4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,virg9ia3 #bfj4 #agbb1 ,repr9t1 #ahee4 #ea ,w fox1 i4 e4 intoxicate4 ,see footnote on page #d4 #eb ,new ,engli% ,canaan1 #afcb4 ,repr9t$ 9 ,=ce's ,tracts1 #ahch4 #ec ,v9e1 mu* diff]+ 9 ! fruit1 all ( !m v fle%y1 "s reasonably pleasant2 o!rs h a ta/e ( ,gun ,p[d]1 & ^! gr[ 9 swamps1 & l[ wet ,gr\nds4 ,josselyn1 ,john1 ,g5t4 ,new ,engl&'s ,r>ities3 #ff4 ,london1 #afgb4 #ed ,speak+ ( ! ,horne-b\nd tree 7probably hornbeam f 8 description7 he says3 ,?is ,tree gr[+ ) broad spread ,armes1 ! v9es w9de _! curl+ bran*es ab\t !m2 :i* v9es affo>d great /ore ( grapes1 :i* are v big bo? = ! grape & ,clu/]1 sweet & good3 ^! be ( two sorts1 r$ & :ite1 !re is likewise a small] k9d ( grape :i* gr[e? 9 ! ,isl&s :i* is soon] ripe & m delectable2 s t !re is no kn[ne reason :y z good w9e may n be made 9 ^? p>ts1 z well z 9 ,burdeuax 9 ,france2 be+ "u ! same degree4 ,x is a great pittie no man sets ^u su* a v5ture1 :]eby he might 9 small "t inri* himselfe1 & b5efit ! ,c\ntrie1 ,i "k no?+ :i* do? h9d] b want ( skilfull m5 to manage su* an employm5t2 ,= ! c\ntrey is hot en\gh1 ! gr\nd good en\gh1 & _m conv5i5t hills lye t[>ds ! s\? ,sunne1 z if !y 7 !re plac$ = ! purpose4 ,wood1 ,william4 ,new ,engl&'s ,prospect3 #bj4 ,london1 #afcd4 #ee ,lawson1 ,john4 ,hi/ory ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a3 #afi-aga4 #agad1 ,repr9t #ahfj4 #ef ,lawson1 ,john4 ,hi/ory ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a3 #ada4 #agad1 ,repr9t #ahfj4 #eg ,ib43 #ahd-ahi4 #eh ,bev]ly1 ,rob]t4 ,hi/ory ( ,virg9ia3 #aje-ajg4 #agbb1 ,repr9t #ahee4 #ei ,transactions ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society1 #a3aia-aic4 #agfi-ga4 #fj ,! ,true ,am]ican1 ,philadelphia1 ,m>* #bd1 #ahjj4 #fa ,b little is kn[n ( ,dr4 ,james ,mease o!r ?an t he 0 "o ( ! editors ( ,! ,dome/ic ,encyclop$ia1 a ,fell[ ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society & ,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,philadelphia ,agricultural ,society4 ,t he 0 a /ud5t ( ,am]ican grapes is %[n 9 8 lett] ( transmissal ( ,b>tram's pap] to ! ,m$ical ,repository 9 :i* he says3 ,x is my pres5t int5tion to publi% ! description ( "o species ( v9e e ye> 9 ,lat9 & ,engli%1 ) a col\r$ plate1 & ,i _h made arrangem5ts = ! publication ( ! fir/ fascicle la/ ye>2 b ! v unfav\rable season1 :i* _h prev5t$ ! rip5+ ( ! species 7,bl&'s ,grape7 ,i _h resolv$ fir/ to describe1 oblig+ me to def] ! task until ! pres5t ye>1 :5 ,i hope ! wea!r w prove m fav\rable4 ,m$ical g5tlem51 & o!rs fond ( natural hi/ory1 & anxi\s to h ! description ( ,am]ican v9es & _! classification complet$1 w h x mu* 9 _! p[] to assi/ my und]tak+4 ,i h tak5 measures to h ! ,bull or ,bullet grape ( ,c>ol9a & ,georgia s5t me2 b ,i %all nev]!less be mu* indebt$ = any specim5s ( ! plant t may be transmitt$4 #fb ,! same ye>1 #ahjd1 ,mease publi%$ ,b>tram's pap]1 ) "s omissions1 9 ! ,m$ical ,repository 7,second ,hexade1 #a3ai7 "u ! head+1 ,acc\nt ( ! ,species1 ,hybrids1 & o!r ,v>ieties ( ! ,v9e ( ,nor?-,am]ica4 ,by ,mr4 ,william ,b>tram1 ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,! same pap] 0 aga9 publi%$ 9 #ahcj 9 ,pr9ce's ,a ,treatise on ! ,v9e1 pp4 #baf-bbj4 #fc ,b>tram /ates t bull is an abbreviation ( bullet2 ! grapes be+ s call$ because !y 7 ( ! size ( a bullet4 ,he held t ! "n taur9a appli$ to ! species 0 n prop]4 #fd ,johnson's ,rural ,economy3 #aee-aig4 ,new ,brunswick1 ,n4 ,j41 #ahjf4 #fe ,mc,mahon's ,g>d5+3 #bbf-bda4 ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 #ahjf4 #ff ,am]ican ,f>m]1 #h3aaf4 ,baltimore1 #ahbf4 #fg ,adlum1 ,john4 ,cultivation ( ! ,v9e3 #adi4 ,second ,edition1 ,wa%+ton1 #ahbh4 #fh ,john ,adlum1 a native ( ,p5nsylvania1 0 born 9 #agei & di$ at ,georget[n1 ,d4 ,c41 9 #ahcf4 ,adlum 0 "o ( ! fir/ m5 to see cle>ly ! possibility ( improv+ ! wild grapes ( ,am]ica & ( br++ !m "u cultivation4 ,he publi%$ acc\nts ( ?is fruit 9 8 ,cultivation ( ! ,v9e & 9 ! agricultural pap]s ( 8 "t1 !reby aid+ 9 br++ x into public notice z a cultivat$ plant4 ,at ,! ,v9ey>d1 ne> ,georget[n1 he e/abli%$ an exp]im5tal plantation ( grapes f :i* he di/ribut$ _m v9es1 *ief ( :i* 7 ^? ( ! ,catawba1 a v>iety = ^: dissem9ation he is l>gely responsible4 ,adlum tri$ )\t avail to h ! national gov]nm5t f\nd an exp]im5tal f>m = ! culture ( grapes & 8 ef=t 0 "o ( ! fir/ to secure gov]nm5tal aid 9 agricultural exp]im5tation4 ,beside 8 "w ) ! grape1 ,adlum 0 deeply int]e/$ 9 o!r phases ( agriculture & 9 ! sci5tific movem5ts ( 8 "t4 ,he 0 a soldi] ( ! ,revolution1 a brigadi]-g5]al 9 ! militia ( ,p5nsylvania1 a c\nty judge1 & a civil eng9e] & surveyor4 ,9 spite ( 8 "w 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! la/ c5tury = agriculture & = 8 ,/ate & c\ntry1 ,adlum 0 practically unkn[n to ! pres5t g5]ation until a sket* ( 8 life & "w appe>$ 9 ,bailey's ,! ,evolution ( ,our ,native ,fruits f :i* ?is sket* is writt54 ,adlum's memory is p]petuat$ 9 ! "n ( ! beautiful climb+ fumitory ( "o ( ! ,nor!rn ,atlantic ,/ates1 ,adlumnia cirhosa1 be/[$ ^u him by 8 contempor>y1 ,raf9esque4 7,= a m complete acc\nt ( ,adlum's life1 see ,bailey's ,evolution ( ,our ,native ,fruits1 pp4 #ej-fa47 #fi ,adlum1 ,john4 ,cultivation ( ! ,v9e4 ,preface4 #ahbc4 #gj ,= a full acc\nt ( ,duf\r's attempts to gr[ ,european grapes see ,bailey's ,evolution ( ,our ,native ,fruits1 pp4 #ba-db4 #ga ,raf9esque has also pres]v$ = u ! names ( _m ( ! v9e-gr[]s ( 8 "t4 ,! foll[+ is 8 li/3 ,wi%+ to pres]ve ! names ( ! public b5efactors :o _h 9 #ahbe e/abli%$ our fir/ v9ey>ds1 ,i h]e) ins]t _! names4 ,!y are indep5d5t ( ! v9ey>ds ( ,york1 ,vevay1 & ,v9c5nes4 ,9 ,new ,york1 ,george ,gibbs1 ,swift1 ,pr9ce1 ,lans+1 ,l\bat1 etc4 ,9 ,p5nsylvania1 ,c>r1 ,james1 ,pott]1 ,j4 ,webb1 ,legaux1 ,e*elb]g]1 ,e4 ,bonsall1 ,/oys1 ,lemo9e1 ,rapp4 ,9 ,delaw>e1 ,broome1 ,j4 ,gibbs1 etc4 ,9 ,m>yl&1 ,adlum1 ,w4 ,b]nie1 ,c4 ,v>le1 ,r4 ,s9clair1 ,w4 ,miles1 etc4 ,9 ,virg9ia1 ,lockh>t1 ,zane1 ,r4 ,weir1 ,noel1 ,j4 ,br[ne1 ,j4 ,dul+1 etc4 ,9 ,c>ol9a1 ,hab]%am1 ,noisette1 etc4 ,9 ,georgia1 ,maurick1 ,james ,g>d9]1 ,s4 ,grimes1 ,*ecteau1 ,m',call4 ,9 ,new ,j]sey1 ,coop] at ,camd54 ,ano!r at ,m\nt ,holly4 ,9 ,ohio1 ,g54 ,h>rison1 ,longwor?1 ,duf\r1 etc4 ,9 ,indiana1 ,rapp ( ,h>mony1 ! ,fr5* ( ,v9c5nes4 ,9 ,alabama1 ,dr4 ,s4 ,br[n1 at ,eagleville4 ,cont9u+1 he gives an idea ( grape production 9 #ahcj3--,! av]age crop ( w9e ) u is #cjj gallons p] acre4 ,at ,york1 :]e #bgjj v9es are put on "o acre1 ea* v9e has (t5 produc$ a qu>t ( w9e1 & ?us #fge gallons p] acre1 value #fge 9 #ahbc1 besides #bjj = #ejjj cutt+s4 ,"o acre ( v9ey>d did !n let = #bjj or #cjj1 ?us value ( ! acre ab\t #ejjj3 ,?is 0 9 poor soil unfit = :eat1 & = m]e ,cl>et4 ,n[ 9 #ahcj1 t common ,fr5* ,cl>et (t5 sells only at #ej c5ts ! gallon1 ! income mu/ be less4 ,i hope our cl>et may 9 "t be sold = #be c5ts ! gallon1 & ! table grapes at "o c5t ! lb4 & ev5 !n an acre ( v9ey>d w give an income ( #ge1 & be wor? #ajjj ! acre4 ,! greate/ *eck to ?is cultivation is ! "t requir$ = grapes to be> well1 f #c to #f ye>s3 our f>m]s wi%+ to h quick ye>ly crops2 b !n :5 a v9ey>d is set & 9 be>+1 x w la/ =ev]1 ! v9es !mselves la/+ f #fj to #ajj ye>s1 & are easily re-plac$ z !y decay4 ,! next *eck is ! prec>i\s crops if badly manag$4 ,e ye> is n equally pl5tiful & sometimes !re is a total failure :5 ra9s dr[n ! blossoms2 b an extra good crop ( #ejj or #fjj gallons commonly foll[s & cov]s _! loss4 ,raf9esque1 ,c4 ,s4 ,am]ican ,manual ( ! ,grape ,v9es41 ,philadelphia4 #ahcj4 pp4 #dc-de4 #gb ,tradition relates t ! fir/ ,scupp]nong v9e kn[n by civiliz$ man 0 f\nd on ! coa/ ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a by ,amadas & ,b>l[e 9 #aehd & 0 transplant$ by !m to ,roanoke ,isl&4 ,an old v9e ( great diamet] ( /em & spread ( v9e1 gn>l$ 9 trunk & bran*1 evid5tly ( great age1 is kn[n z ! ,"m ,scupp]nong & is suppos$ to be ! v9e transplant$ 9 #aehd4 #gc ,calv9 ,jones writ+ ,june #ag1 #ahag1 9 ! ,am]ican ,f>m]1 #c3ccb1 f ,raleigh1 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1 gives ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! "n ,scupp]nong3 ,?is grape w9e1 _h ! "n ( ,scupp]nong1 giv5 to !m by ,h5d]son myself1 9 complim5t to ,jas4 ,bl\nt1 ( ,scupp]nong1 :o fir/ diffus$ a g5]al k ( x 9 sev]al well writt5 communications 9 our pap]--& x is cultivat$ ) m success on t riv]1 ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ! /ate1 p]haps1 except ! ,isl& ( ,roanoke4 ,x is wor?y ( note t ,scupp]nong is l>gely a sea-bo>d "n = ,vitis rotundifolia & is n commonly appli$ to x outside ( ! ,atlantic ,/ates4 #gd ,!re is "s evid5ce to %[ t ! ,cl9ton conta9s ,labrusca blood4 #ge ,bu*anan1 ,rob]t4 ,grape ,culture3 #fa4 #ahej4 #gf ,briti% ,p>liam5t>y ,pap]s 7,libr>y ( ,congress71 ,vol4 #cj4 #ahei4 #gg ,am]ican ,pomological ,society ,report = #aheb3de4 #gh ,horticulturi/1 #f3dde4 #ahea4 #gi ,horticulturi/1 #f3ddd4 #ahea4 #hj ,am]ican ,pomological ,society ,report = #aheb3de4 #ha ,magaz9e ( ,horticulture1 #aa3acd4 #ahde4 #hb ,nuttall says3 ,x is probable t hybrids betwixt ! ,european ,v9e 7,vitis v9if]a7 & ^? ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w\ld bett] answ] ! v>iable climates ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 ?an ! unacclimat$ v9e ( ,europe4 ,:5 a portion ( ! same indu/ry %all h be5 be/[$ ^u ! cultivation ( ! native v9es ( ,am]ica1 :i* has = s _m ages & by s _m nations1 be5 devot$ to ! amelioration ( ,vitis v9if]a1 we _c imag9e t ! citiz5s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w be long] indebt$ to ,europe = ! luxury ( w9e4 ,x is n h[ev] 9 ! wilds ( uncultivat$ nature t we are to obta9 v9es wor?y ( cultivation4 ,7 ?is ! case1 ,europe w\ld to ! pres5t h kn[n no o!r ,malus ?an ! wor?less au/]e crab1 9 place ( ! f9e/ apple2 no o!r ,pyrus ?an ! ac]b & in$ible ,pyra/] or /one ,pe>1 f :i* cultivation has obta9$ all ! o!r v>ieties4 ,x is f se$ t new & valuable v>ieties are inv>iably to be obta9$4 ,!re is h[ev] at ! pres5t "t1 a v>iety ( "o ( ! native species cultivat$ "u ! "n ( ',bl&'s grape'1 a hybrid no way 9 my op9ion inf]ior to "s ( ! be/ ,european grapes4 #hc ,p :o h a good deal ( leisure "t1 ought to make ^? exp]im5ts :i* take _m ye>s to "k ! result4 ,if any :]e 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates a public ,botanic g>d5 %\ld be e/abli%$1 !re w\ld be ! prop] place1 to h a corn] ( x appropriat$ solely = ! purpose ( try+ ! rais+ ( new species ( grapes1 ei!r by se$s or grafts2 & if !re 0 a gre5 or hot h\se1 sev]al species ( ! be/ grapes1 & ev5 a male plant ( ! mo/ vigor\s indig5\s ought to be introduc$ 9 x1 & tra9$ s t ! cross+ ( ! bre$ may be easily done1 by br++ two diff]5t sorts ( grapes toge!r 9 "t ( blossom+1 & s[ ! se$s4 ,i ?9k we may anticipate "s v good results f su* an arrangem5t4 ,v9e ,dress]'s ,guide3 #bbh4 #ahbf4 #hd ,( hybridization he says3 ,9 all attempts at artificial fecundation1 ,i w\ld recomm5d t "o ( ! v>ieties select$ be ( native orig91 z !re exi/s no want ( hybrids betwe5 ,european v>ieties alone2 a l>ge proportion ( ^? n[ 9 cultivation hav+ be5 d\btless produc$ by natural admixture ( ! poll51 9 ! v9ey>ds :]e !y orig9at$4 ,= ! purpose ( hybridiz+1 ! v>ieties ( ,vitis ae/ivalis %\ld be select$ 9 pref]5ce to ^? ( ,vitis labrusca1 on acc\nt ( ! mu* high] v9\s prop]ties ( ! =m]2 & !re _c exi/ a d\bt b t we may readily produce well acclimat$ hybrids betwe5 ! native & =eign v>ieties1 )\t ! tr\ble ( cont9u+ ! c\rse ( reproduction = _m g5]ations1 al?\gh su* reproduction f species s dissimil> may cont9ue to pres5t additional modifications ( "*4 ,a ,treatise on ! ,v9e3 #bec-bed4 #ahcj4 #he ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agriculture4 ,special ,report1 ,no4 #cf4 #ahhj4 #hf ,w9e is ! f]m5t$ juice ( ! grape4 ,:5 ! juice or mu/ ( ! grape is expos$ to temp]atures rang+ f #ee to #fe;,f4 ! micro-organisms :i* accompany ! fruit1 ! yea/ ( ! w9e-mak]1 are trans=m$ f a comp>atively dormant /ate to "o ( great activity4 ,! action ( ! organisms on grape mu/ is call$ f]m5tation & ?r\gh x c]ta9 physical & *emical *anges take place :]eby ! mu/ is *ang$ 9 ta/e & 9 color1 & a "p or all ( its sug> is *ang$ into alcohol4 ,! me?ods ( mak+ w9e diff] 9 diff]5t c\ntries & 9 diff]5t localities dep5d+ ^u ! climate1 k9d ( grapes gr[n1 condition ( gr[?1 & ! k9d ( w9e produc$1 yet ! pr9ciples & *ief processes are mu* ! same & may be briefly describ$ z foll[s3 ,9 g5]al grapes are n pick$ = w9e-mak+ until !y h rea*$ full maturity ?us insur+ a high] sug> cont5t1 ri*ness ( flavor & p]fect color4 ,x is cu/om>y to det]m9e ! composition ( ! mu/ z to sug> & acid cont5t by v>i\s in/rum5ts devis$ = ! purpose & if x lack sug> ?is +r$i5t is add$2 if x be too acid wat] is add$2 or ! composition may be o!rwise *ang$ dep5d+ ^u a numb] ( circum/ances ?\gh manife/ly reputable w9e-mak]s *ange ! natural grape juice z little z possible4 ,soon aft] h>ve/+ ! grapes are cru%$4 ,! anci5t me?od1 :i* /ill prevails 9 _m p>ts ( ,europe1 0 to tramp ! grapes ) b>e feet or wood5 %oes4 ,tramp+ is = mo/ "p sup]s$$ by me*anical cru%]s :i* break ! sk9s b d n cru% ! se$s4 ,= "s w9es ! /ems ( ! grapes are remov$2 = o!rs x is ess5tial t ! grapes be n /emm$4 ,/emm+ may be done by h&1 by a rake ov] a scre51 or by specially devis$ ma*9es4 ,if :ite w9e is to be made ! juice is sep>at$ f sk9s & pulp at once2 if r$ w9e is desir$ f]m5tation takes place 9 ! cru%$ grapes or m>c4 ,f]m5tation is c>ri$ on 9 l>ge tanks or vats v>y+ 9 capacity f #ajjj gallons to #aj1jjj gallons or m4 ,"s w9e-mak]s pref] op5 vats1 o!rs keep !m clos$4 ,! duration ( f]m5tation dep5ds ^u _m conditions & v>ies f two or ?ree to fifte5 or tw5ty days1 dep5d+ ^u ! am\nt ( sug> 9 ! mu/1 ! temp]ature1 activity ( f]m5ts1 etc41 etc4 ,w9e-mak]s obs]ve sev]al di/9ct /ages ( f]m5tation :i* mu/ be closely wat*$ & controll$4 ,a mo/ important influ5ce is ex]t$ on f]m5tation by temp]ature4 ,! limits bel[ :i* & above :i* f]m5tation does n take place are #ee & #ij;,f4 ,9 g5]al x is desirable t f]m5tation take place at temp]atures rang+ ab\t #gj4 ,:5 x is f\nd t ! sug> is practically all conv]t$ into alcohol1 or t su* conv]sion has proce$$ f> en\gh1 ! new w9e is drawn or pump$ f ! f]m5t+ vats into casks or b>rels :]e x ages ?\gh x may require special treatm5t = cle>+4 ,be=e bottl+ x is usually necess>y to rack ! w9e into new b>rels twice or ?ree times to /op second>y f]m5tations :i* inv>iably take place4 ,special treatm5ts result 9 sev]al di/9ct classes ( w9e4 ,?us we c divide w9e into r$ & :ite z to color4 ,r$ w9es are produc$ f color$ grapes ! color be+ extract$ 9 ! process ( f]m5tation4 ,:ite w9es are made f light color$ grapes or if f color$ fruit ! mu/ is n all[$ to f]m5t on ! m>c & s extract ! color4 ,we may aga9 divide w9es into dry & sweet4 ,dry w9es are ^? 9 :i* ! sug> is practically all conv]t$ into alcohol4 ,sweet w9es are ^? :i* reta9 m or less sug>4 ,^! are (t5 =tifi$ by ! addition ( alcohol4 ,a ?ird division is t ( /ill & sp>kl+ w9es4 ,/ill w9es are ^? 9 :i* ! c>bonic acid gas =m$ by f]m5tation has :olly escap$4 ,sp>kl+ w9es reta9 a great] or less am\nt ( ?is c>bonic acid gas4 ,all ( ! above classes are fur!r divid$ into well m>k$ types accord+ to _! color & ta/e1 _! alcoholic cont5t1 & ! c\ntries 9 :i* !y are produc$4 ,! foll[+ are ! lead+ w9es made f native grapes3 ,catawba1 ,delaw>e1 ,concord1 ,norton's ,virg9ia1 ,ives1 ,scupp]nong1 ,iona1 ,cl>et1 ,port & ,*ampagne4 ,( ^! ,cl>et1 ,norton's ,virg9ia & ,ives are r$ dry w9es4 ,catawba1 ,delaw>e1 ,iona & ,scupp]nong may be ei!r dry or sweet :ite w9es4 ,port is a r$ sweet w9e4 #hg ,vol4 #bb3 ,no4 #c3bb4 #hh ,*ampagne obta9s its "n f ! fact t x is *iefly produc$ 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,*ampagne 9 ,france4 ,its special *>act]i/ic is t dur+ f]m5tation1 :i* is usually br\ght ab\t 9 ! bottle1 ! c>bonic acid gas g5]at$ is absorb$ by ! w9e4 ,:5 ! bottle is op5$ ! gas is dis5gag$ & ! w9e eff]vesces or sp>kles4 ,good *ampagne requires grapes ( high quality & ( special adaptability2 ! fruit mu/ be well rip5$1 free f decay$ b]ries1 & clean4 ,! fir/ f]m5tation takes place dur+ a p]iod ( sev]al mon?s 9 ! regul> receptacles = ?is purpose aft] :i* ! w9e f sev]al v>ieties ( grapes is bl5d$4 ,good *ampagne usually conta9s "s old w9e4 ,aft] bottl+1 ! w9e is held at slightly diff]5t temp]atures = v>y+ l5g?s ( "t to secure prop] f]m5tation 9 ! bottle until at ! end ( sev]al mon?s x is held at a comp>atively l[ temp]ature 9 :i* ! bottles rema9 f ?ree to f\r ye>s4 ,! bottles mu/ !n receive "s treatm5t :i* w remove ! s$im5t :i* has be5 =m$ by f]m5tation4 ,?is is usually done by plac+ !m 9 racks cork d[n at ab\t an angle ( #de degrees or a little m4 ,by dext]\sly %ak+ & j>r+ ! bottles ! s$im5t is loos5$ & deposit$ 9 ! neck ( ! bottle4 ,la/ly ! s$im5t is disgorg$ by skillfully )draw+ ! cork1 a small portion ( ! w9e be+ wa/$ 9 ! op]ation4 ,! bottles are !n fill$ ) a dosage ( rock-c&y dissolv$ 9 an old dry w9e1 ! am\nt us$ det]m9+ ! sweetness ( ! *ampagne4 ,! bottles are !n cork$1 wir$1 capp$1 labell$ & cas$1 aft] :i* ! *ampagne is ready = ! m>ket4 #hi ,*ampagne3 ,decrease 9 ,imports & ,increase 9 ,dome/ic ,production1 ,april #be1 #aijg1 p4 #dbg4 #ij ,grape juice is made f clean1 s\nd b n ov]-ripe grapes4 ,! juice is press$ out by ma*9]y 9 comm]cial practice b 9 ! home manufacture ( ! product1 ! grapes may be press$ by ! h&s4 ,if a light-color$ juice is desir$ ! liquid is extract$ )\t heat+ ! grapes2 = a r$ juice ! pulp is heat$ be=e press+ & ! grapes mu/ be d>k 9 color4 ,9 ei!r case ! heat+ is done 9 a d\ble boil] s t ! juice does n come 9 direct contact ) ! fire4 ,! prop] temp]ature ranges f #ahj ,f4 to #bjj ,f4 & mu/ nev] exce$ ! #bjj m>k if ! flavor ( uncook$ grapes is desir$4 ,aft] heat+1 ! juice is all[$ to settle = tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 a glass1 crock]y or enamel$ vessel aft] :i* x is c>efully dra9$ f ! s$im5t & /ra9$ ?r\gh "s /]iliz$ filt]4 ,9 home practice sev]al ?icknesses ( flannel1 previ\sly boil$1 w d = a filt]4 ,! liquid is !n fill$ into clean bottles leav+ room = expansion 9 ! second heat+4 ,! bottl$ juice is n[ heat$ a second "t aft] :i* x is imm$iately cork$ & seal$4 ,! pr9ciples involv$ 9 mak+ grape juice are ! same z ^? obs]v$ 9 cann+ fruit & ! op]ation may be v>i$ 9 ! =m] z x is 9 ! latt] if only c]ta9 fundam5tal processes are foll[$4 #ia ,a rais9 is a dri$ & cur$ grape4 ,rais9-mak+ is a simple process4 ,! grapes are arrang$ on %all[ trays1 & plac$ 9 ! sun to dry1 be+ turn$ n[ & !n by plac+ an empty tray on a full "o & turn+ bo? ov] aft] :i* ! top tray is remov$4 ,:5 ! grapes are prop]ly dri$ !y are put 9 b9s to sweat prep>atory to pack+ & %ipp+4 ,! f9i%+ t\* 9 ! dry+ is sometimes giv5 9 cur+-h\ses1 h[ev]1 to avoid injury f ra9 or du/4 ,se$+1 grad+1 pack+ & sell+ are n[ sep>ate indu/ries f gr[+ & cur+4 ,at pres5t all rais9s are made f v>ieties ( ! ,old ,_w grape1 no ,am]ican sort hav+ be5 f\nd suitable = rais9-mak+4 ,a v>iety adapt$ = mak+ a rais91 some?+ bett] ?an simply a dri$ grape1 mu/ h a l>ge p]c5tage ( sug> & solids1 a ?9 sk91 & a high flavor4 ,am]ican grapes lack 9 sug> cont5t & h a sk9 s ?ick & t\gh t ! fruit does n cure prop]ly = a good rais94 ,! rais9 indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is c>ri$ on only 9 ,cali=nia1 ! great bulk ( ! crop com+ f ! ,san ,joaqu9 ,valley & a few ( ! s\!rn c\nties ( t ,/ate4 ,=m]ly ! rais9s us$ 9 ?is c\ntry 7 :olly import$2 n[ ?is product ( ! grape is export$ & 9 increas+ quantities4 ,! annual production ( rais9s is 9 ! neighborhood ( #ajj1jjj1jjj p\nds4 #ib ,accord+ to ,b>tram1 ! aborig9es ( ea/]n ,am]ica made rais9s f ! wild grapes4 ,he describes ! process !y us$ z foll[s3 ,! ,indians ga!r great quantities ( wild grapes :i* !y prep>e = keep+1 by fir/ sweat+ !m on hurdles ov] a g5tle fire1 & aft]w>ds dry !m on _! bun*es 9 ! sun & air1 & /ore !m up = provisions4 #ic ,t>r1 ,r4 ,s41 ,cornell 7,n4 ,y47 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aji4 #ahif4 #id ,burke1 ,r4 ,t4 ,avon1 & ,m>ean1 ,h]b]t1 ,field ,op]ations1 ,bureau ( ,soils1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agriculture4 #aija4 #ie ,t>r1 ,r4 ,s41 ,cornell 7,n4 ,y47 ,exp4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #aji4 #ahif4 #if ,burke1 ,r4 ,t4 ,avon1 & ,m>ean1 ,h]b]t1 ,field ,op]ations1 ,bureau ( ,soils1 ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 ( ,agriculture4 #aija4 #ig ,elijah ,fay 0 born 9 ,s\?bor\gh1 ,massa*usetts1 9 #agha4 ,he mov$ to ,brocton1 ,*autauqua ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 9 ! fall ( #ahaa4 ,! e>ly hi/ory ( n only ! viticulture b ( ! horticulture ( ! ,*autauqua region is int]writt5 ) t ( ! ,fay family4 ,elijah ,fay's *ildr5 & gr&*ildr5 inh]it$ a love ( horticulture f _! ance/or & sev]al ( !m1 z m5tion$ 9 ! text1 h be5 not$ = _! horticultural "w 9 ?is region4 ,l9coln ,fay1 a nephew ( ,elijah ,fay1 "o ( ! fir/ m5 to gr[ & sell grape v9es 9 ! region1 orig9at$ ! ,fay currant :i* 0 aft]w>ds introduc$ by him & 8 son ,elijah ,h4 ,fay4 ,( ! ,fay family1 not$ 9 ! annals ( grape-gr[+ 9 ?is region1 only ,g4 ,e4 ,ryckman & ,l4 ,r4 ,ryckman1 gr&*ild & great-gr&*ild ( ,elijah ,fay1 are n[ liv+4 ,elijah ,fay liv$ to ! ripe age ( eighty1 dy+ 9 #ahfj4 ,8 memory %\ld be long *]i%$ z "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ! viticulture ( ,new ,york4 #ih ,! writ] is indebt$ to ,mr4 ,g4 ,e4 ,ryckman ( ?is firm1 = ! in=mation giv5 "h4 #ii ,! ,grape ,belt1 #af3 ,no4 #bj1 ,feb4 #bf1 #aijg4 #ajj ,! ,grape ,belt1 #af3 ,no4 #bj1 ,feb4 #bf1 #aijg4 #aja ,! grape-v9e fidia 7,fidia viticida ,wal%7 is a robu/ beetle1 a qu>t] ( an in* 9 l5g?1 br[n 9 color b :it5$ by a ?ick cov]+ ( yell[i%-:ite hairs4 ,! beetle lays its eggs 9 ! cracks & crevices ( ! b>k ( ! grape v9es well above gr\nd4 ,! eggs are produc$ 9 l>ge numb]s1 (t5 z _m z sev]al hundr$ to ! v9e4 ,^u hat*+1 ! l>vae quickly worm _! way into ! gr\nd & beg9 to fe$ ^u ! fibr\s roots ( ! v9e1 pass+ f ^! to ! l>g] roots4 ,possibly ! *ief damage is done on ! l>g] roots :i* are (t5 entirely /ripp$ ( b>k = a l5g? ( sev]al feet4 ,! l>vae atta9 _! full size1 a half in* 9 l5g?1 by ! middle ( ,augu/1 & !n hib]nate until ! foll[+ ,june4 ,! w9t] is sp5t 9 e>!n cells4 ,aft] ab\t two weeks z pupae 9 ,june1 ! full gr[n beetles em]ge f ! gr\nd & beg9 to fe$ ^u ! upp] surface ( ! leaves1 eat+ out ! cellul> tissue1 ?us skeletoniz+ ! foliage4 ,! adults disappe> ! succe$+ ,augu/4 ,! mo/ effici5t means ( *eck+ ! fidia s f> f\nd is an application ( an ars5ical spray appli$ dur+ ! "t ! beetles are fe$+ on ! foliage4 #ajb ,grape-v9e flea-beetle 7,haltica *alybea ,ill474--,! adult insects are %9+ /eel-blue flea-beetles measur+ ab\t "o-fif? ( an in* 9 l5g?4 ,!y live dur+ ! w9t] "u ! b>k ( ! old v9es or 9 rubbi% 9 ! fields4 ,!y em]ge f _! w9t] qu>t]s dur+ ! fir/ w>m days ( spr+1 & fe$ ^u ! op5+ buds & "y leaves4 ,egg-lay+ beg9s late 9 ,april or e>ly 9 ,may4 ,! eggs are plac$ s+ly ne> ! buds or ^u ! leaves & hat* 9 ab\t t5 days4 ,! "y l>vae are d>k br[n 9 color b soon become prom95tly m>k$ ) black dots & pat*es4 ,!y are full gr[n 9 f ?ree to f\r weeks at :i* "t !y measure ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* 9 l5g?4 ,!y fe$ on ! leaves dev\r+ only ! s(t p>ts at fir/1 b f9ally eat+ irregul> holes ?r\gh ! leaves4 ,:5 ready to pupate !y g a %ort di/ance into ! gr\nd4 ,! adults em]ge dur+ ! latt] "p ( ,june or e>ly 9 ,july4 ,!y probably fe$ dur+ all ( ! summ]1 f9ally seek+ %elt] = ! w9t] z above indicat$4 ,! v9es %\ld be spray$ ) p>is gre51 "o p\nd to fifty gallons ( wat]1 j be=e ! buds beg9 to swell or ) "s o!r ars5ite4 ,mu* pa9s %\ld be tak5 to make ?is application ?or\gh4 ,lat] :5 ! worms appe> on ! leaves1 p>is gre5 may be appli$ at ! usual /r5g?1 "o p\nd to #aej gallons ( lime & wat]1 or comb9$ ) bordeaux mixture4 ,bo? upp] & "u surfaces ( ! leaves %\ld be cov]$4 ,applications ( ars5icals = ! grape-v9e fidia w help greatly to keep ?is insect 9 *eck4 #ajc ,grape leaf-hopp] 7,typhlocyba comes ,say74--,!re are sev]al species ( leaf-hopp]s :i* attack ! grape b ?is species is probably ! mo/ common 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,^! little leaf-hopp]s are (t5 errone\sly call$ ?rips4 ,! adult insects measure ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* 9 l5g?4 ,!y v>y greatly 9 color b ! prevail+ color is usually light yell[i%-gre54 ,! back & w+s are ornam5t$ ) bright r$1 yell[ & br[n4 ,!y are f\nd ^u ! v9es f spr+ until fall4 ,!y fe$ toge!r1 suck+ ! sap f ! leaves1 pr9cipally f ! "u surface1 caus+ !m to turn br[n 9 pat*es4 ,! eggs are deposit$ s+ly 9 ! tissue ( ! "u surface ( ! leaves4 ,! "y resemble ! adults 9 =m b are n provid$ ) w+s & are gre5 or yell[i%-gre5 9 color4 ,!re are sev]al broods dur+ ! season4 ,"s ( ! adults ( ! la/ brood hib]nate 9 any conv5i5t rubbi% ab\t ! v9ey>d4 ,treatm5t = "y hopp]s %\ld be made e>ly 9 ,july4 ,to obta9 ! be/ results use :ale-oil soap at ! rate ( "o p\nd to t5 gallons ( wat]1 direct+ ! spray+ ) ! h&4 ,v9ey>ds & adjac5t l& %\ld be kept z free z possible f grass & we$s z !y af=d %elt] to ! insect4 #ajd ,grape b]ry mo? 7,poly*rosis viteana ,clem474--,! "y cat]pill>s fe$ )9 ! grapes f9ally caus+ !m to turn d>k color$ & to )]4 ,?is injury is sometimes mi/ak5 = ! black-rot4 ,aft] dev\r+ ! s(t p>ts ( "o grape ! cat]pill> goes to ano!r1 fa/5+ ! two toge!r by a silk5 ?read4 ,?is may be cont9u$ until sev]al 9 a bun* h be5 de/roy$ by "o cat]pill>4 ,! "y cat]pill>s are v light gre5 9 color ) a br[n head4 ,:5 full gr[n !y measure ab\t "o-f\r? ( an in* 9 l5g? & are d>k olive gre5 9 color t+$ slightly ) r$4 ,! cocoon is =m$ on a leaf & is p>tially compos$ ( two small pieces cut out ( ! leaf4 ,! adults ( ! spr+ brood em]ge 9 f twelve to f\rte5 days4 ,! =e-w+s h a blui% t+e & are m>k$ ) br[n1 :ile ! po/]ior w+s are dull br[n4 ,! mo?s are small measur+ ne>ly half an in* f tip to tip :5 ! w+s are spread4 ,! eggs are probably laid late 9 ,june or e>ly 9 ,july4 ,!re are two broods annually 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,z ! cat]pill>s sp5d mo/ ( _! lives )9 ! grape b]ries1 spray+ does n entirely control ! pe/4 ,yet ! ars5icals appli$ = ! grape-v9e fidia w help mu* 9 keep+ x 9 *eck4 ,pick+ & de/roy+ ! infe/$ fruit & ! leaves conta9+ ! cocoons helps mu*4 #aje ,= a full acc\nt ( ! geology ( ^! lakes & ! valleys 9 :i* !y lie1 see ! ,physical ,geography ( ,new ,york ,/ate by ,ralph ,s4 ,t>r4 ,new ,york4 #aijb4 #ajf ,black-rot 7,guign>dia bidwellii 7,ell47 ,v4 ,r47 usually appe>s fir/ on ! leaves :]e x =ms circul>1 r$di%-br[n spots on :i* black pimples1 or spore cases1 develop4 ,)9 ^! spore cases1 at maturity1 are ! summ] spores4 ,^! are di/ribut$ by ! elem5ts to ! gr[+ p>ts ( ! plant & =m new c5t]s ( infection4 ,! diseas$ b]ries %[ analog\s circul> spots be>+ spores & z ! disease progresses ! grapes )]1 turn black1 & become h>d & %rivell$1 sometimes cl++ to ! v9e until ! foll[+ spr+4 ,gr[+ %oots are attack$ z well z leaves & fruit4 ,dur+ ! w9t] & spr+ ! re/+ spores are =m$1 usually ^u ! %rivell$ b]ries4 ,treatm5t consi/s ( de/roy+ z f> z possible all diseas$ fruit1 old leaves & prun+s & 9 spray+ ?or\ghly ) bordeaux mixture z foll[s3-- #a4 ,j z ! p9k tips ( ! fir/ leaves appe>4 #b4 ,f t5 days to two weeks aft] ! fir/ spray+4 #c4 ,j aft] ! blossom+4 #d4 ,f t5 to f\rte5 days aft] ! ?ird spray+4 #e4 ,aft] an int]val ( f t5 to f\rte5 days f ! f\r? spray+4 #ajg ,d[ny mildew 7,plasmop>a viticola 7,b4 ,c47 ,b]l4 ,de ,toni7 is a tr\blesome fungus attack+ all ( ! t5d] gr[+ p>ts ( ! grape4 ,x does mo/ damage to ! leaves1 ^u ! upp] surface ( :i* x produces gre5i%-yell[ spots ( irregul> outl9e4 ,at ! same "t a loose :ite d[ny gr[? appe>s on ! "u side ( ! leaves4 ,?is gr[? consi/s ( %ort filam5ts be>+ spores1 ! summ] spores1 :i* are c>ri$ by ! elem5ts to o!r gr[+ p>ts ( ! plant1 ?us spread+ ! disease4 ,affect$ b]ries1 if "y1 fir/ %[ a br[n spot1 & become cov]$ ) ! gray d[n :i* di/+ui%es ! fungus4 ,on old] b]ries ! fungus causes a br[n-purple spot :i* spreads until x takes 9 ! :ole b]ry1 :i* !n becomes s(t & (t5 falls1 or !y may become h>d & p]si/4 ,at ?is /age ! disease is commonly kn[n z br[n rot4 ,! w9t]1 or re/+1 spores are produc$ 9 ! tissue ( fruit & leaves & ) a ?ick protective cov]+4 ,! w9t] spores are d>k1 almo/ black1 9 color4 ,d[ny mildew spreads & does mo/ damage 9 hot wet wea!r4 ,spray+ ) bordeaux mixture z indicat$ = black-rot w keep d[ny mildew 9 *eck4 #ajh ,p[d]y mildew 7,unc9ula necator 7,s*w47 ,burr47 is caus$ by a fungus :i* lives on ! surface ( ! leaves4 ,x subsi/s by means ( suck]-l organs :i* p5etrate ! walls ( ! surface lay] ( cells4 ,! vegetative portion ( ! p>asite consi/s ( f9e :ite filam5ts :i* spread ov] ! surface ( ! leaves1 %oots & fruit4 ,9 ! summ] ^! filam5ts s5d up %ort1 irregul> /alks ^u :i* l>ge numb]s ( b>rel-%ap$ spores are produc$ 9 *a9-l arrangem5t4 ,^! are ! summ] spores ( ! fungus4 ,!y are borne 9 greate/ quantity on ! upp] surfaces ( ! leaves & give ! leaf a gray1 p[d]y appe>ance--h5ce ! "n1 p[d]y mildew4 ,affect$ leaves f9ally become light br[n & (t5 fall4 ,diseas$ fruits are gray 9 color1 scurfy1 become speck$ ) br[n1 fail to develop & (t5 bur/ on "o side !reby %[+ ! se$s4 ,! w9t] or re/+ spores are borne 9 sacs1 9 ! latt] "p ( ! season4 ,! spore sacs1 9 _! turn1 are borne 9 small1 black1 sph]ical spore cases1 ea* furni%$ ) a numb] ( sl5d] app5dages hav+ curl$ tips4 ,! p[d]y mildew1 unlike mo/ o!r fungus tr\bles ( ! grape1 is mo/ preval5t 9 hot dry wea!r4 ,! disease is combatt$ by du/+ ) fl[]s ( sulphur or by spray+ ) bordeaux mixture z = black-rot4 #aji ,an?racnose 7,sphaceloma ampel9um ,de ,by474--,?is disease attacks any ( ! t5d] portions ( ! gr[+ v9e4 ,:5 ! leaves are affect$ d>k spots are fir/ =m$ on _! surface4 ,z ! disease advances ^! spots enl>ge1 & irregul> cracks are (t5 =m$ ?r\gh ! dead tissue4 ,frequ5tly _m ( ^! small cracks run toge!r1 =m+ a long irregul> slit ?r\gh ! leaf4 ,simil> m>ks are =m$ on ! t5d] %oots1 ?\gh !y are n s noticeable4 ,:5 ! fruit is attack$ ! disease is sometimes call$ bird's-eye rot4 ,circul> spots are =m$ on ! surface ( ! b]ry4 ,! spots may be ( diff]5t colors & usually h a d>k bord]2 z ! spots enl>ge & eat 91 a se$ is (t5 expos$ 9 ! c5t]4 ,9 rott+ ! tissue becomes h>d & wr9kl$4 ,sometimes ! disease girdles ! /em ( a fruit clu/]1 cutt+ (f ! supply ( sap f ! grapes beyond ! diseas$ l9e & caus+ !m to %rivel & die4 ,an?racnose does n spread z rapidly z "s o!r v9ey>d diseases1 nei!r does x yield z readily to treatm5t4 ,:5 a v9ey>d is badly infe/$ ) an?racnose1 x requires prompt att5tion & a c>eful treatm5t to control ! disease4 ,x is n satisfactorily controll$ by bordeaux mixture alone4 ,x is sugge/$ t 9 addition to su* treatm5t ) ?is mixture z is giv5 = black-rot ! plan be foll[$ :i* is advocat$ by c]ta9 ,european au?orities1 ( apply+ a w>m saturat$ solution ( copp]as 7iron sulphate7 9 spr+ :5 ! buds are swell+ b be=e !y beg9 to op54 ,"o p] ct4 or m ( sulphuric acid may be add$ to ! solution be=e x is appli$4 ,?is solution mu/ be h&l$ ) c>e z x is v cau/ic4 ,x is appli$ ) swabs or if ! acid is n us$ x may be spray$4 ,x is ess5tial t ! "w be done ?or\ghly1 cov]+ all ! surface ( ! canes4 #aaj ,*lorosis or yell[ leaf4--,! "n is appli$ to a grape disease 9 :i* ! foliage turns yell[1 lat] becom+ br[n4 ,x is common 9 sev]al p>ts ( ! ,/ate b m p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,c5tral ,lakes di/rict4 ,*lorosis is m likely to appe> 9 wet seasons4 ,"s v>ieties1 z ! ,diamond1 are mu* m susceptible ?an o!rs4 ,9 "s seasons portions ( ! leaves may become yell[ b ev5tually rega9 _! normal color s t at ! close ( ! season ! v9e appe>s to be 9 a heal?y condition4 ,9 o!r in/ances ! yell[ color ext5ds ov] ! entire leaf2 br[n1 dead pat*es appe>2 ! leaf curls & ev5tually drops f ! v9e4 ,if ! v9e loses its leaves two or ?ree seasons 9 succession x is likely to die4 ,"o /rik+ peculi>ity ( ! disease is ! fact t a badly diseas$ v9e may appe> by ! side ( a p]fectly heal?y v9e ( ! same v>iety4 ,! cause ( *lorosis1 z giv5 by =eign inve/igators1 is ! pres5ce ( a l>ge am\nt ( lime 9 ! soil :i* prev5ts ! roots f tak+ up an am\nt ( iron suffici5t = satisfactory gr[?4 ,_! exp]im5ts seem to %[ t ! difficulty may be ov]come by apply+ a small am\nt ( sulphate ( iron ar\nd affect$ plants4 ,b s9ce !re are a numb] ( good ,am]ican v>ieties t are n subject to *lorosis1 p]haps ! bett] me?od to pursue is to plant only su* v>ieties z are kn[n to be free f ?is tr\ble4 ,! /&>d v>ieties giv5 9 ! foll[+ li/ are1 s f> z we "k1 practically exempt f *lorosis3 ,moore ,e>ly1 ,concord1 ,w9*ell1 ,delaw>e1 ,word51 ,niag>a1 ,catawba1 ,v]g5nes & ,agawam4 #aaa ,t>r1 ,r4 ,s41 ,! ,physical ,geography ( ,new ,york ,/ate3 #d4 #aijb4 #aab ,see ,/ory ( ! ,v9e1 ,e4 ,r4 ,em]son3 #aih4 #aijb4 #aac ,joseph ,pitton de ,t\rne=t1 a ,fr5* botani/ ( consid]able reputation 9 8 day1 0 born at ,aix1 ,prov5ce1 9 #afef & di$ 9 #agjh4 ,he 0 educat$ by ! ,jesuits = a prie/ b foll[+ a natural incl9ation he lat] became a botani/4 ,9 #afhc he became pr(essor ( botany at ! ,j>d9 des ,plantes 9 ,p>is4 ,:ile occupy+ ?is position he made trips ?r\gh we/]n ,europe1 ,greece & ,asia ,m9or4 ,8 pr9cipal "w1 & ! "o quot$ "h1 is ,in/itutiones ,rei ,h]b>iae 9 ?ree volumes1 publi%$ 9 ,p>is 9 #agjj4 ,he 0 "o ( ! mo/ prom95t sy/ematic botani/s :o prec$$ ,l9naeus4 #aad ,humphrey ,m>%all 0 born 9 ! t[n ( ,we/ ,brad=d1 ,p5nsylvania1 9 #agbb1 ( ,quak] p>5ts4 ,he 0 a c\s9 ( ,john ,b>tram1 _! mo!rs be+ si/]s4 ,l ,b>tram1 he _h few opportunities = education1 n go+ to s*ool aft] he 0 twelve ye>s ( age4 ,he 0 a /one-mason by trade1 /udy+ botany 9 8 leisure mom5ts4 ,9 #aggc he />t$ a botanic g>d5 at ,m>%allton4 ,9 #aghe he publi%$ ,arbu/rum ,am]icanum1 ,! ,am]ican ,grove1 or ,an ,alphabetical ,catalog ( ,=e/ ,trees & ,%rubs1 ,natives ( ! ,am]ican ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is "w _h be5 9 prep>ation ab\t five ye>s previ\s to its publication4 ,x is said to be ! fir/ botanical "w ( a native ,am]ican4 ,m>%all di$ 9 #ahja4 #aae ,b little is kn[n ( ! life ( ,?omas ,walt]4 ,he 0 a native ( ,hamp%ire1 ,engl&1 & migrat$ to ,/4 ,john's ,p>i%1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 :]e he _h a plantation on ! ,santee ,riv]4 ,"h he di$ 9 #aghh at ab\t ! age ( =ty-eight ye>s4 ,8 only publication ( note is ! ,flora ,c>ol9iana1 publi%$ 9 ! ye> ( 8 dea?4 ,he mu/ h be5 9 correspond5ce ) ,european botani/s ( t "t z 8 h]b>ium is pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 #aaf ,grapes are n to-day consid]$ dioeci\s b polygamo-dioeci\s1 a di/9ction :i* w be def9$ lat]4 #aag ,john ,b>tram 0 born ne> ! village ( ,d>by 9 ,delaw>e 7!n ,*e/]7 ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 9 #afii4 ,b>tram is g5]ally cr$it$ ) hav+ e/abli%$ ! fir/ botanical g>d5 9 ,am]ica4 ,?is g>d5 0 f\nd$ ab\t #agbh1 "s f\r miles s\? ( :at 0 ! t[n ( ,philadelphia & is n[ a "p ( ! ,p>k ,sy/em ( t city4 ,he 0 br$ a ,quak] b ow+ to 8 lib]al op9ions 0 exclud$ f t ,society 9 #ageh4 ,dur+ 8 life he 0 9 correspond5ce ) _m ( ! lead+ sci5tific m5 ( ,europe to :om he s5t _m specim5s ( plants & o!r ?+s ( sci5tific int]e/4 ,he made _m trips into v>i\s p>ts ( ! colonies1 to ,ont>io1 ,lake ,george1 ! ,c>ol9as1 ,florida & ,georgia1 9 se>* ( in=mation4 ,! la/ ( ^! j\rneys1 t to ! s\!rn /ates1 0 made aft] he 0 sev5ty ye>s ( age4 ,b>tram is blam$ by all ( 8 contempor>ies = n hav+ publi%$ m ?an he did4 ,8 dea? occurr$ 9 #aggg4 ,william ,b>tram1 son ( ,john ,b>tram1 0 born 9 #agci & di$ 9 #ahbc4 ,mu* ( 8 "w 0 done 9 connection ) 8 fa!r "u :om he receiv$ 8 botanical tra9+4 ,8 be/ kn[n "w is 8 ,travels 9 ! ,c>ol9as1 ,georgia & ,florida 7#agia71 9 :i* he gives an int]e/+ acc\nt ( t region1 includ+ descriptions ( a numb] ( new s\!rn plants4 ,8 article on grapes :i* is "h quot$ 0 publi%$ 9 ! ,dome/ic ,encyclop$ia1 #ahjd1 & also 9 ! ,m$ical ,repository ( ! same ye>4 #aah ,?omas ,nuttall 0 born 9 ,settle 9 ,york%ire1 ,engl&1 9 #aghf4 ,he migrat$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahjg1 mak+ 8 home 9 ,philadelphia :]e he became acqua9t$ ) ,william ,b>tram & ,dr4 ,b>ton4 ,x 0 l>gely ow+ to ! influ5ce ( ^! m5 t he turn$ 8 att5tion to botany4 ,nuttall 0 an ext5sive travel] & made botanical exp$itions into _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,he explor$ ! ,middle ,we/ up to ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s & made a trip ar\nd ! ,horn to ,cali=nia4 ,f #ahbe to #ahcd he 0 connect$ ) ,h>v>d ,college4 ,9 #ahdb he 0 call$ to ,engl& by a beque/ f an uncle left to him conditional on 8 resid+ = n9e mon?s ( ea* ye> 9 ,engl&2 compliance ) ?is reque/ caus$ a cessation ( 8 botanical "w 9 ,am]ica4 ,he di$ at ,nutgrove1 ,lanca%ire1 9 #ahei4 ,nuttall's fir/ & probably greate/ "w 0 8 ,g5]a ( ,nor? ,am]ican ,plants & ,catalogue ( ! ,species1 publi%$ 9 #ahah4 ,besides v>i\s acc\nts ( 8 exp$itions he made an addition ( ?ree volumes to ,mi*aux's ,sylva br++ t "w up to six volumes4 #aai ,con/ant9e ,samuel ,raf9esque 0 born 9 ,galata1 a suburb ( ,con/ant9ople 9 ,european ,turkey1 9 #aghc4 ,he 0 ( ,fr5*-,g]man desc5t1 8 fa!r be+ a ,fr5* m]*ant ( ,m>seilles1 & 8 "m ( ,saxon p>5tage4 ,9 #ahjb he came to ,philadelphia4 ,:ile "h he 0 busi$ ) m]cantile pursuits1 occupy+ a position z cl]k1 b /udi$ botany out ( (fice h\rs = amusem5t4 ,9 #ahje he w5t to ,sicily :]e he sp5t ! next t5 ye>s4 ,"h he comm5c$ ! ext5sive s]ies ( publications :i* h made 8 "n s well kn[n to sci5ti/s4 ,9 #ahae he return$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 travel+ ab\t f place to place = "s "t & f9ally settl+ 9 ,lex+ton1 ,k5tucky1 :]e he became a pr(essor 9 ,transylvania ,univ]sity4 ,he left ,lex+ton 9 #ahbe1 remov+ to ,philadelphia1 :]e he sp5t ! rema9d] ( 8 life1 dy+ 9 pov]ty 9 #ahdj4 ,raf9esque's biograph] gives #dbj diff]5tly titl$ articles on ne>ly all sci5tific subjects z ! product ( 8 p54 ,8 monograph on grapes1 entitl$ ,am]ican ,manual ( ! ,grape ,v9e & ,! ,art ( ,mak+ ,w9es1 etc41 0 publi%$ 9 ,philadelphia 9 #ahcj4 #abj ,mo4 ,ent4 ,rpt41 #ahgd3ga4 #aba ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3i4 #abb ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,an4 ,rpt41 #ag3eah4 #ahih4 ,n4 ,y4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #aeg4 #ahih4 #abc ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bci4 #aijj4 #abd ,g>4 & ,=41 #h3dg4 #ahie4 #abe ,w4 ,br5nan1 ,gilg&ra1 ,n4 ,s4 ,w4 #abf ,&r ,mi*aux 0 a ,fr5* botani/1 born at ,satory1 ,v]sailles1 9 #agdf4 ,he took up ! /udy ( botany & made _m trips to =eign l&s 9 behalf ( ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t4 ,"o ( ^! 0 an exp$ition to ,nor? ,am]ica :]e he rema9$ f #aghe to #agif explor+ ! c\ntry & ga!r+ _m botanical specim5s ?r\gh ,canada1 ,nova ,scotia & ! ,unit$ ,/ates z f> we/ z ! ,mississippi4 ,8 *ief works are ,hi/oire des *5es de l',am]ique ,sept5trionale 7,hi/ory ( ! ,oaks ( ,nor? ,am]ica71 #ahja2 & ,flora ,boreali ,am]icana1 #ahjc4 ,he describ$ & nam$ ,vitis rotundifolia1 ,v4 ae/ivalis1 ,v4 cordifolia1 ,v4 rip>ia1 & ,v4 rubra1 z well z giv+ mu* in=mation on o!r species4 ,mi*aux di$ on ! ,isl& ( ,madagasc> 9 #ahjb4 ,f4 ,&r ,mi*aux 0 born at ,v]sailles 9 #aggj & di$ at ,vaureal 9 #ahee4 ,he 0 a son ( ,&r ,mi*aux & also a botani/1 & l 8 fa!r employ$ by ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t to explore ,nor? ,am]ica ) a view ( introduc+ valuable plants into ,france4 ,he publi%$ 9 #ahaj-ac a ,hi/oire des ,arbres ,=e/i]es de l',am]ique ,sept5trionale :i* 0 lat] translat$ into ,engli% "u ! "n ,nor? ,am]ican ,sylva4 ,he also publi%$ ,a ,voyage a l-oue/ des ,monts ,alleghanys1 #ahjd4 #abg ,= discussion ( ,vitis vulp9a see foot-note "u ,vitis rip>ia4 #abh ,all grapes1 o!r ?an ! ,rotundifolia1 are 9 ! ,s\? kn[n z bun* grapes because !y are sold on ! m>ket 9 clu/]s1 ! ,rotundifolia be+ sold (f ! /ems4 #abi ,s4 ,c4 ,/a4 ,bul4 #acb4 #aijg4 #acj ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3bb4 #aca ,husmann1 #ahie3ahh4 #acb ,husmann1 ,g4 ,c41 ,cali=nia ,fruit ,gr[]1 ,m>4 #ad1 #aijh4 #acc ,samuel ,bots=d ,buckley 0 born 9 #ahji1 9 ,yates ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 & 0 educat$ at ,wesleyan ,univ]sity1 :]e he graduat$ 9 #ahcf4 ,9 #ahff he 0 appo9t$ ,/ate ,geologi/ ( ,texas :]e he resid$ until he di$ 9 #ahhd4 ,buckley travel$ ext5sively 9 connection ) 8 "w1 explor$ ! s\?we/]n region ( ! ,appala*ian ,m\nta9s1 z well z ! s\?we/]n portion ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he 0 at great disadvantage 9 8 publications 9 t !y 7 prep>$ )\t ! b5efit ( a libr>y4 ,8 articles on grapes 7 publi%$ 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,philadelphia ,academy ( ,natural ,sci5ces = #ahfa1 & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,pat5t ,(fice ,report = ! same ye>4 #acd ,! description ( ,vitis vulp9a by ,l9naeus is s meag]1 includ+ ! leaves only1 t = _m ye>s botani/s 7 9 d\bt z to ! species int5d$4 ,muhl5b]g 0 ! s+le exception :5 he gave ,l9naeus' ,vulp9a & ,mi*aux's ,cordifolia z synonym\s4 ,:e!r he did ?is f k1 or :e!r x 0 by *ance1 x is impossible to say4 ,he /ates no reasons & consequ5tly receiv$ no foll[+ among o!r botani/s4 ,elliott suppos$ t ,l9naeus int5d$ to describe ! s\!rn ,rotundifolia & ?is view seems to h be5 g5]ally accept$4 ,9 ! late eighties or e>ly n9eties1 ,plan*on fir/1 & lat] ,britton1 by ref]r+ to ,l9naeus' specim5s1 det]m9$ t ! latt]'s ,vulp9a 0 ! same z ,rip>ia1 & 9 accordance ) botanical rules1 pres5t$ ! "n ,vulp9a z ! correct "n = ?is species4 ,bailey1 h[ev]1 /ates 7,ev4 ,nat4 ,fr41 #ahih3ajb7 t he f\nd two specim5s 9 ! ,l9naeus collection label$ ,vulp9a1 "o ( :i* 0 ! true ,rip>ia & ! o!r ,cordifolia4 ,s9ce a *ange ( ! "n w\ld br+ confusion to m ?an n9ety ye>s ( botanical & horticultural lit]ature1 x seems inadvisable to make "o on su* contradictory evid5ce4 #ace ,plan*on is our au?ority = call+ ?is ,rip>ia4 #acf ,translation f ! ,lat94 #acg ,isadore ,bu% 0 born at ,prague1 ,bohemia1 9 #ahbb4 ,bu% 0 "o ( ^? ,g]mans :o1 tak+ "p 9 ! tr\bles ( ! ,fa!rl& 9 #ahdh1 f\nd x necess>y to seek a home 9 ! ,new ,_w4 ,he w5t to ,miss\ri ^u 8 arrival 9 ! c\ntry & !re sp5t ! rema9d] ( 8 life4 ,dur+ ! ,civil ,w> he 0 secret>y to ,g5]al ,frmont & at v>i\s times occupi$ _m o!r positions ( tru/4 ,he e/abli%$ ! ,bu%b]g nurs]y :i* = _m ye>s 0 ! lead+ grape nurs]y ( ?is c\ntry4 ,) ! aid ( ,engelmann & o!rs he wrote ! ,bu%b]g ,catalogue & ,grape ,manual1 a "w :i* has pass$ ?r\gh _m editions & has probably be5 m popul> & useful ?an any o!r book on ,am]ican grapes publi%$ 9 ! ,engli% language4 ,bu% di$ 9 ,/4 ,l\is 9 #ahih1 hav+ be5 a citiz5 ( t place = =ty-n9e ye>s4 #ach ,?omas ,volney ,munson1 ! well-kn[n nurs]yman1 viticulturi/1 & plant-bre$]1 0 born ne> ,a/oria1 ,ill9ois1 ,septemb] #bf1 #ahdc4 ,he graduat$ f ,k5tucky ,univ]sity1 ,lex+ton1 ,k5tucky1 9 #ahgj4 ,8 nurs]y has = ?irty-"o ye>s be5 locat$ at ,d5ison1 ,texas4 ,munson has introduc$ m hybrid grapes ?an any o!r man 9 ,am]ica & probably 9 ! _w4 ,he has paid great att5tion to grape botany1 p>ticul>ly to ! s\?we/]n species4 ,monographs on grapes1 f 8 h&1 h appe>$ 9 ! proce$+s ( v>i\s horticultural societies & 9 horticultural j\rnals4 ,bullet9s writt5 by him h be5 issu$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture & ! ,texas ,exp]im5t ,/ation4 ,he has at pres5t a book ready = publication entitl$ ,f\ndations ( ,am]ican ,grape ,culture4 ,! v>ieties produc$ by ,munson are p>ticul>ly successful 9 ! ,s\?we/ :]e conditions are su* t mo/ ( our nor!rn v>ieties fail4 ,! mo/ valuable ( ^? t h be5 ?or\ghly te/$ are ,brilliant1 ,am]ica1 ,c>man1 ,gold ,co9 & ,rommel4 #aci ,see page #ba4 #adj ,jules ,emile ,plan*on1 a ,fr5* sy/ematic & horticultural botani/1 0 born 9 ,ganges 7,h]ault7 9 #ahbc1 & di$ at ,montpelli] 9 #ahhh4 ,plan*on 0 a writ] ( _m valuable monographs on botanical subjects & 9 comb9ation ) ,f4 ,sahut & ,j4 ,bazille discov]$ t ! cause ( a my/]i\s & s]i\s malady :i* _h be5 affect+ ! ,fr5* v9ey>ds = "s ye>s1 0 due to an insect on ! roots1 ! phyllox]a4 ,lat]1 he & ,c4 ,v4 ,riley det]m9$ t ?is insect 0 a native ( ,am]ica4 ,plan*on 0 "o ( ! fir/ to sugge/1 & always urg$1 ! recon/itution ( ,fr5* v9ey>ds by ! use ( ,am]ican /ocks4 ,dur+ ! lat] ye>s ( 8 life he 0 pr(essor ( botany 9 ! ,s*ool at ,montpelli]4 ,8 mo/ not$ contribution to grape lit]ature is 8 monograph ( ! grape v9e & o!r plants ( ! ,ampelopsis family :i* appe>$ z ! second half ( ! fif? volume ( ! cont9uation ( ,de ,c&olle's ,prodromus ,sy/ematis ,naturalis4 #ada ,m>t9 ,vahl1 a ,norwegian1 0 born 9 #agdi1 & di$ 9 #ahjd4 ,z a pupil ( ! great ,l9naeus1 ,vahl became a prom95t work] 9 botany & natural hi/ory 9 ,d5m>k & 0 an au?or & writ] ( note on ^! subjects1 publi%+ mu* on botany4 ,he travel$ ext5sively1 b x does n appe> t he visit$ ,nor? ,am]ica1 ?\gh he wrote ?ree l>ge volumes on ! flora ( tropical ,am]ica4 ,x is probable t he nam$ & describ$ ,vitis palmata f h]b>ium specim5s4 #adb ,jean ,l\is ,b]l&i] 0 a ,belgian pupil ( ! great ,de ,c&olle1 b left ,europe ab\t #ahbh = ,am]ica & became a druggi/ 9 ,matamoras1 ,mexico4 ,he 0 "o ( ! fir/ botani/s to explore nor!rn ,mexico & ,texas4 ,9 attempt+ to cross "o ( ! small /reams s\? ( ! ,rio ,gr&e 9 #ahea1 he 0 dr[n$4 ,_m ( 8 pap]s1 plants & "s pa9t+s are pres]v$ 9 ! h]b>ium ( ,h>v>d ,univ]sity & 8 s]vices to botany are commemorat$ by ! g5us ,b]l&i]a1 d$icat$ to him by ,de ,c&olle1 & ! species ,vitis b]l&i]i "h describ$4 #adc ,george ,engelmann 0 born at ,frankfurt-on-!-,ma9 9 #ahji4 ,he 0 educat$ at ! ,univ]sities ( ,heidelb]g1 ,b]l9 & ,wurzburg1 receiv+ a doctor's degree 9 m$ic9e f ! latt] in/itution4 ,9 #ahcb ,dr4 ,engelmann sail$ = ,am]ica & sp5t "s mon?s 9 explor+ ! =e/s ( ! ,mississippi ,valley /udy+ ! plants ( ! region1 hav+ become deeply absorb$ 9 botany4 ,he soon aft] began ! practice ( m$ic9e 9 ,/4 ,l\is :]e he sp5t ! rema9d] ( 8 life1 dy+ 9 #ahhd4 ,engelmann 0 "o ( ! mo/ pati5t & devot$ /ud5ts ( natural hi/ory ( 8 "t4 ,he ma/]$ sev]al difficult g5]a ( plants1 do+ 8 "w s well t 8 monographs w long rema91 n only au?orities on ! plants describ$1 b models = ! sy/ematic botani/4 ,among ! g5]a to :i* he devot$ 8 "t 0 ,vitis1 ^u :i* he publi%$ sev]al monographs4 ,^! appe>$ 9 v>i\s publications1 p>ticul>ly ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ce ( ,/4 ,l\is 9 #ahfj1 ! ,am]ican ,naturali/ = #ahfh1 ,riley's reports z entomologi/ ( ,miss\ri = #ahgb & #ahgd1 & ! ?ird & all lat] editions ( ! ,bu%b]g ,catalogue4 #add ,george ,b5?am 0 born ne> ,plym\?1 ,engl&1 9 #ahjj4 ,8 fa!r 0 a man ( consid]able weal? & ! son 0 privately educat$4 ,e>ly 9 life he %[$ an incl9ation t[>d botany1 writ+ a book on ,! ,plants ( ! ,pyr5ees & ,l[] ,langu$oc :i* 0 publi%$ :5 he 0 only tw5ty-six ye>s old4 ,= a "t he /udi$ law 9 :i* he %[$ consid]able tal5t & :]e 8 orig9al views attract$ "s att5tion4 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 he gave 8 att5tion to botany almo/ exclusively1 jo9$ ! ,london ,horticultural ,society & ! ,l9naean ,society1 & 0 m or less closely connect$ ) ! work]s at ,kew4 ,9 connection ) ,j4 ,d4 ,hook] he wrote ! ,g5]a ,plant>um4 ,o!rs ( 8 well-kn[n works are ,flora ,au/rali5sis & ,h&book ( ! ,briti% ,flora4 ,b5?am di$ 9 #ahhd4 #ade ,?is "n has be5 spell$ ,l9cecumii & ,l9secomii4 ,buckley tells u 7,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahfa3dhf7 t ?is grape 0 nam$ 9 honor ( ,dr4 ,gideon ,l9secom ( ,long ,po9t1 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1 ,texas4 ,engelmann *ang$ ! spell+ to ,l9cecum )\t giv+ any reason = ! *ange4 ,munson /ates t a daught] ( ,dr4 ,l9cecum says t h] fa!r always spell$ 8 "n ,l9cecum4 ,x is inconceivable t ,buckley did n "k h[ to spell 8 fri5d's "n4 ,!re is o!r corroborative evid5ce t ,buckley 0 ei!r a poor p5man1 or did n read pro(1 or bo?4 ,9 8 ,lat9 description ( ?is species ne>ly e o!r ^w is misspell$1 & ! mi/akes are ^? ( a pr9t] r ?an ( "o ^: ,lat9 is weak1 su* z totis = lobis1 etc4 ,munson says t on ! diff]5t h]b>ium specim5s ( ?is species collect$ by ,buckley1 ! "n is spell$ bo? ways b he is n able to tell :i* are 9 ,buckley's h&4 ,z ! orig9al error seems to be "o by ! pr9t] or amanu5sis x does n seem desirable to p]petuate x4 ,we h consequ5tly adopt$ ! spell+ ( ,engelmann & ,munson4 #adf ,lib]ty ,hyde ,bailey 0 born 9 #aheh 9 ,s\? ,hav51 ,mi*igan4 ,he graduat$ f ! ,mi*igan ,agricultural ,college 9 #ahhb & !n /udi$ botany = two ye>s ) ,asa ,gray at ,h>v>d ,univ]sity4 ,he became pr(essor ( horticulture at 8 ,alma ,mat] 9 #ahhe & resign$ 9 #ahhh to accept ! ,*air ( ,horticulture 9 ,cornell ,univ]sity1 a position :i* he fill$ until #aijd :5 he became ,director ( ! ,cornell ,univ]sity ,agricultural ,exp]im5t ,/ation & ,dean ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,college ( ,agriculture4 ,9 #aijg he 0 giv5 ! degree ( ,doctor ( ,laws by ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons94 ,dr4 ,bailey is kn[n z a tea*] & exp]im5t] b is bett] kn[n = 8 horticultural & botanical writ+s4 ,he has publi%$ _m popul> books on agricultural subjects4 ,! be/ kn[n ( ^! are3 ,! ,nurs]y ,book2 ,! ,rule ,book2 ,pr9ciples ( ,vegetable ,g>d5+2 ,g>d5 ,mak+2 ,! ,prun+ ,book2 ,! ,survival ( ! ,unlike2 ,! ,evolution ( ,our ,native ,fruits4 ,besides ^! popul>1 or semi-popul> works he has publi%$ two cyclop$ias3 ,! ,cyclop$ia ( ,am]ican ,horticulture & ,! ,cyclop$ia ( ,am]ican ,agriculture4 ,dr4 ,bailey's position 9 ,am]ican horticultural lit]ature is unique 9 t he repres5ts ! botanical side ( horticulture4 ,he has writt5 monographs on sev]al ( our cultivat$ fruits1 notably grapes & plums1 bo? appe>+ 9 ,! ,evolution ( ,our ,native ,fruits4 #adg ,am4 ,g>d41 #ab3ehd4 #ahia4 #adh ,john ,eaton ,le ,conte 0 born ne> ,%rewsbury1 ,new ,j]sey1 9 #aghd & di$ at ,philadelphia 9 #ahfj4 ,9 #ahag he ent]$ ! army z a topographical eng9e]1 & 9 #ahca 0 retir$ ) ! grade ( major4 ,le ,conte e>ly became int]e/$ 9 natural hi/ory & 8 milit>y exp$itions gave him ample opportunity = /udy+ ! flora & fauna ( ea/]n ,am]ica4 ,he publi%$ a numb] ( important botanical pap]s1 "o ( :i* 0 ,! ,v9es ( ,nor? ,am]ica publi%$ 9 #ahed-ee4 ,8 contributions to ! g5us ,vitis w be f\nd "u t head4 #adi ,augu/9 ,pyramus ,de ,c&olle 0 born at ,g5eva1 ,switz]l&1 #aggh1 & di$ at ,tur91 ,italy1 9 #ahda4 ,he came ( an anci5t ,fr5* family :i* _h be5 driv5 out ( ,prov5ce 9 ! middle ( ! sixte5? c5tury ow+ to _! religion4 ,he began 8 sci5tific /udies at ! ,college ( ,g5eva1 b lat] remov$ to ,p>is :]e he att5d$ c\rses ( lectures on natural sci5ce "u ! greate/ sci5ti/s ( t day4 ,8 be/ kn[n works are3 ,hi/oria plant>um ,succul5t>um2 ,synopsis plant>um 9 flora ,gallica descript>um2 & ,prodromus ,sy/ematis regni vegetabilis 7#ahbd-71 ?is la/ be+ only ab\t two-?irds complet$ at ! "t ( 8 dea?4 ,alphonse ,l\is ,pi]re ,pyrame ,de ,c&olle 0 born 9 ,p>is1 ,france1 9 #ahjf4 ,l 8 fa!r1 ^: life is sket*$ above1 he became a not$ botani/4 ,8 mo/ important works h be5 translat$ into ,engli% & are z foll[s3 ,geographical ,botany1 #ahee2 ,orig9 ( ,cultivat$ ,plants1 #ahhc2 & ! ,memoirs ( 8 fa!r1 #ahfb4 ,he di$ 9 ,g5eva1 ,switz]l&1 9 #ahic4 #aej ,! "n ,labrusca is an old "o orig9ally appli$ to a grape gr[+ wild 9 ,italy4 ,engelmann /ates t ?is grape is /ill kn[n to ! ,italians by ! "n ,brusca4 ,x 0 probably appli$ to ! ,am]ican species by ,l9naeus "u ! mi/ak5 supposition t our nor!rn ,fox grape 0 ! same z ! wild ,italian species4 #aea ,c>l von ,l9ne1 bett] kn[n 9 ! ,lat9 =m ( ,c>olus ,l9naeus1 0 born 9 #agjg at ,ra%ult 9 ! prov9ce ( ,sml&1 ,sw$54 ,8 fa!r1 a m9i/]1 endeavor$ to educate 8 son to foll[ ! same pr(ession4 ,9 ?is he fail$1 z ,l9naeus f 8 e>lie/ ye>s took no int]e/ 9 ! classical /udies !n taught4 ,8 fa!r 0 f9ally induc$ to educate "y ,l9naeus z a physician4 ,l9naeus 0 ! greate/ sy/emati/ 9 ! hi/ory ( botany4 ,8 g5]al sy/em1 ?\gh mu* modifi$1 is /ill 9 use4 ,al?\gh he nam$ _m species ( plants1 x 0 n z a travel] & explor] b z a recipi5t ( ! results ( travels ( o!rs t ! specim5s 7 secur$ f :i* ! descriptions 7 made4 ,l9naeus di$ at ,upsala1 ,sw$51 9 #aggh4 ,8 h]b>ium aft] 8 dea? 0 sold & f9ally became ! prop]ty ( ! ,l9naean ,society ( ,london1 :]e ! specim5s are frequ5tly us$ by botani/s f v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w = purposes ( comp>ison4 #aeb ,husmann1 #ahie3ahi4 #aec ,grape ,cult41 #a3d4 #ahfi4 #aed ,u4 ,s4 ,d4 ,a4 ,rpt41 #ahfb3aih4 #aee ,g>4 & ,=41 #b3ehd4 #ahhi4 #aef ,numb]s 9 p>5!ses designate au?ors or publications cit$ 9 ! li/ ( ref]5ces4 #aeg ,adlum1 ,john4 ,cultivation ( ! ,v9e3 #adi4 #ahbh4 #aeh ,d[n+1 #ahgb3aai app4 #aei ,trait g54 de vit41 #e3bja4 #aijc4 #afj ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ga4 #afa ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3hi4 #afb ,dr4 ,a4 ,p4 ,wylie 0 a s\!rn hybridiz]4 ,8 life 0 "o ( exceptionally v>i$ usefulness4 ,besides be+ a physician he work$ ) _m diff]5t plants1 produc+ new v>ieties ( cotton1 pea*1 nect>9e1 magnolia & o!r species4 ,8 hybrids 7 produc$ *iefly dur+ ! sixties & e>ly sev5ties4 ,8 me?od ( te/+ hybrid grapes 0 unique2 z soon z ! fruit f ! cross-f]tiliz$ blossoms rip5$1 ! se$s 7 plant$ & ! se$l+s =c$ ! fir/ w9t] 9 a ho?\se4 ,9 ! spr+ x 0 plant$ by ! side ( a mature v9e outside & ! se$l+ graft$ by in>*+ on ! e/abli%$ v9e4 ,9 ?is mann]1 8 son writes u1 he frequ5tly secur$ fruit ! second summ]4 ,9 #ahgc he suff]$ ! irrep>able mis=tune ( los+ 8 resid5ce by fire4 ,?is de/roy$ all ( 8 se$s & also 8 se$l+s1 :i* 7 9 an adjac5t ho?\se4 ,! numb] ( ,dr4 ,wylie's grape se$l+s _c be accurately told z _m ( !m 7 nev] dissem9at$4 ,( 8 bett] kn[n sorts !re are ,b]ckmans1 ,dr4 ,wylie1 ,mrs4 ,mc,clure1 & ,pet] ,wylie1 ! be/ kn[n ( :i* is ! fir/4 ,dr4 ,wylie 0 ! fir/ man to hybridize ! ,vitis rotundifolia ) o!r species ( grapes4 ,un=tunately ^! hybrids appe> to h be5 lo/ to cultivation4 ,he di$ at 8 home 9 ,*e/]1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 9 #ahgg4 #afc ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #dh3aaec4 #ahih4 #afd ,mag4 ,hort41 #ahfc3fg4 #afe ,full]1 #ahfg3bcg4 #aff ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3ge4 #afg ,d[n+1 #ahfi3ecb4 #afh ,jacob ,moore 0 born 9 ,brighton1 ,new ,york1 9 #ahce4 ,he e>ly engag$ 9 ! nurs]y bus9ess & ab\t #ahfj began to exp]im5t 9 hybridiz+ grapes1 8 fir/ production ( note be+ ,diana ,hamburg :i* prov$ too t5d] to be ( value 9 ,new ,york4 ,9 #ahgc he sold ! ,brighton to its introduc]1 ! grape hav+ come f a union ( ,diana ,hamburg & ,concord4 ,9 #ahhb ,moore's ?ird grape ( note1 ! ,diamond1 0 introduc$1 its p>5ts be+ ,concord1 f]tiliz$ by ,iona4 ,"o o!r grape completes 8 li/ ( v>ieties ( ?is fruit--! ,g5eva1 a ,v9if]a-,labrusca hybrid f se$ plant$ 9 ! spr+ ( #ahgd4 ,beside ^! grapes1 ,moore 0 ! orig9ator ( ! ,ruby1 ,r$ ,cross & ,diploma currants & ! ,b>-seckel pe>4 ,jacob ,moore di$ 9 ,janu>y1 #aijh1 hav+ devot$ a life to ! improvem5t ( fruits & hav+ sp5t a patrimony ( no small am\nt & all ( 8 e>n+s 9 c>ry+ on exp]im5ts 9 horticulture4 ,x sadd5s "o to "k t aft] hav+ devot$ a half c5tury to ! enri*m5t ( agriculture1 poor ,moore %\ld h pass$ 8 la/ ye>s 9 comp>ative pov]ty1 & t !y 7 embitt]$ ) ! ?\ght t1 unlike ! inv5tor1 ! produc] ( new fruits c 9 no way protect ! products ( 8 orig9ality1 ev5 ?\gh !y add$ millions to ! weal? ( ! c\ntry z h 8 fruits4 #afi ,adv]tis+ circul> s5t out by ,wm4 ,b4 ,br[n 9 #ahii4 #agj ,george ,w4 ,campbell 0 born 9 ,cortl&ville1 ,new ,york1 9 #ahag4 ,! family mov$ to ,ohio 9 #ahba4 ,9 e>ly life ,campbell 0 a pr9t] & editor1 z 8 fa!r _h be5 be=e him4 ,9 #ahdi he mov$ f ,s&usky1 ,ohio1 to ,delaw>e 9 ! same ,/ate & x 0 9 ! latt] place t 8 att5tion 0 fir/ turn$ to horticulture z a livelihood1 al?\gh he _h be5 int]e/$ 9 x z an amateur mu* e>li]4 ,he 0 a cont9u\s memb] ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society f ! "t ( its organization 9 #ahej until 8 dea?4 ,he rais$ ?\s&s ( se$l+ grapes1 ( :i* ! foll[+ 7 giv5 names3 ,campbell ,e>ly1 ,concord ,*asselas1 ,concord ,muscat1 ,juno1 ,lady1 ,purity1 ,triumph1 ,:ite ,delaw>e4 ,all ( ^! are practically obsolete 9 ! ,nor? except ,campbell ,e>ly & ,lady4 ,campbell di$ at 8 home 9 ,delaw>e1 ,ohio1 9 #ahih4 ,= _m ye>s be=e 8 dea? he _h be5 ! lead+ writ] & speak] 9 ! ,nor? on ! culture ( ! grape & on grape-bre$+1 & 8 "w _h a m>k$ influ5ce on ! improvem5t ( viticulture4 #aga ,*>les ,arnold 0 born 9 ,b$=d%ire1 ,engl&1 9 #ahah4 ,9 #ahcc he remov$ to ,p>is1 ,ont>io4 ,he 0 an en?usia/ic hybridiz] 9 _m l9es1 produc+ a :ite :eat1 ! ,ont>io apple1 & ! ,am]ican ,wond] pea4 ,9 #ahec he e/abli%$ ! ,p>is ,nurs]ies4 ,( 8 num]\s se$l+ grapes he gave names to ,autu*on1 ,brant1 ,canada1 ,cornucopia & ,o!llo4 ,he 0 = _m ye>s prom95t 9 ! agricultural & sci5tific associations ( 8 adopt$ c\ntry4 ,8 object 9 cross+ grapes 0 to secure v>ieties suffici5tly h>dy & e>ly = ! ,canadian climate4 ,9 ?is he 0 9 a measure successful b 8 crosses are s susceptible to mildew & rot t _! culture has be5 g5]ally ab&on$ 9 bo? ,canada & ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he di$ at 8 home 9 ,p>is1 ,canada1 9 #ahhc4 #agb ,cat41 #aijh3ah4 #agc ,ephraim ,w4 ,bull 0 born 9 ,concord1 ,massa*usetts1 9 #ahje & di$ 9 #ahie4 ,he w long be rememb]$ by grape-gr[]s z ! orig9ator & introduc] ( ! ,concord grape1 ! hi/ory ( :i* is giv5 9 ! above acc\nt ( t v>iety4 ,bull grew _m o!r se$l+s1 none ( :i* atta9$ a reputation among gr[]s unless x be ,cottage4 ,ephraim ,bull's n9ety ye>s 7 sp5t 9 ! quiet ( 8 ,concord home & he w\ld h rema9$ unkn[n by o!rs ?an 8 neighbors1 :o honor$ & lov$ him1 _h x n be5 = 8 =tunate discov]y ( ! ,concord grape1 :i* mu/ always give him a place 9 ! hi/ory ( ,am]ican grape culture4 ,! grape :i* has add$ imm5sely to ! weal? ( a nation1 br\ght its orig9ator sc>cely a ye>'s compet5ce4 ,z a p>tial recomp5se = 8 great s]vice to horticulture & to ! nation1 ! memory ( ,ephraim ,w4 ,bull %\ld live long4 #agd ,no "o family has furni%$ s _m memb]s :o h be5 prom95t 9 ,am]ican grape-gr[+ z ! ,und]hills4 ,! fir/ ( ?is rem>kable family1 ,rob]t ,und]hill1 0 born 9 ,yorkt[n1 ,we/*e/] ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 9 #agfa4 ,dur+ 8 e>ly life he appe>s to h be5 engag$ 9 v>i\s ent]prises4 ,at "o "t he 0 "p own] & conductor ( a fl\r+ mill at ! head ( navigation on ! ,croton ,riv]2 lat] he sold 8 int]e/ 9 ?is bus9ess & 9 #ahjd remov$ to ,croton ,po9t1 :i* he _h previ\sly b\ght4 ,"h1 dur+ ! ,w> ( #ahab1 ! supply ( wat]melons f ! ,s\? be+ cut (f1 he plant$ eighty acres ( melons1 & x is said t z _m z six vessels 7 ly+ (f ,croton ,po9t at "o "t wait+ = ! melons to mature4 ,among o!r ( 8 v5tures 0 ! gr[+ ( ca/or beans1 & t[>d ! end ( 8 life he became int]e/$ 9 viticulture4 ,an acc\nt ( 8 op]ations cultivat+ grapes is giv5 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is "w4 ,rob]t ,und]hill di$ at ,croton ,po9t 9 #ahbi4 ,aft] 8 dea? 8 two sons1 ,william ,alex&] ,und]hill & ,rob]t ,t4 ,und]hill1 b\ght f _! fa!r's e/ate ! two hundr$ & fifty acres compris+ ,croton ,po9t4 ,_! hold+s 7 n 9 common1 ,william ,a4 ,und]hill hav+ ab\t "o hundr$ & sixty-five acres & 8 bro!r ! balance4 ,r4 ,t4 ,und]hill 0 born on ! ,croton ,riv] 9 #ahjb & di$ 9 #ahga at ,croton ,po9t4 ,william ,a4 ,und]hill 0 born at ! same place z 8 bro!r 9 #ahjd1 & di$ sudd5ly :ile on a trip to ,new ,york ,city 9 #ahgc4 ,! fir/ ?ree ,und]hills 7 pione] v9ey>di/s 9 ?is ,/ate1 & 7 m5 ( great ent]prise & initiative1 contribut+ mu* to ,am]ican viticulture by precept & example2 b none ( !m 0 an orig9ator ( new v>ieties4 ,/eph5 ,w4 ,und]hill1 son ( ,william ,a4 ,und]hill1 0 born at ,croton ,po9t 9 #ahcg4 ,9 8 boyhood he became famili> ) ! grape-gr[+ op]ations ( 8 fa!r & uncle1 & ab\t #ahfj became int]e/$ 9 hybridiz+ z a means ( orig9at+ new v>ieties4 ,mo/ ( 8 "w 0 done betwe5 #ahfj & #ahgj4 ,he orig9at$ ,black ,defiance1 ,black ,eagle1 ,croton1 ,irv+1 ,s5asqua & _m o!r nam$ & unnam$ sorts4 ,( 8 v>ieties x may be said t !y g5]ally %[ too _m ,v9if]a weaknesses = pr(itable comm]cial sorts4 ,s4 ,w4 ,und]hill is /ill liv+ at ,croton-on-,hudson1 a %ort di/ance f ,croton ,po9t1 ! sc5e ( ! labors ( ?ree g5]ations ( ! ,und]hill family4 ,s9ce ! dea? ( 8 fa!r1 9 #ahgc1 he has devot$ himself almo/ exclusively to brick-mak+1 an occupation 9 :i* 8 fa!r _h be5 int]e/$4 #age ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3hi4 #agf ,trait g54 de vit41 #f3bgh4 #aijc4 #agg ,ib41 p4 #bgi4 #agh ,! grape v9e 9 ! v9ey>d is n ornam5tal1 b only because its beauty is m>r$ by ! =mal %apes 9 :i* x mu/ be tra9$ to meet ! purposes ( ! cultivator4 ,b z a fe/oon = an arbor1 or = hid+ a neglect$ build+1 = ! por* ( ! f>mh\se1 or = any place :]e a bold or picturesque effect is want$1 or = giv+ an expression ( /r5g?1 no v9e surpasses "s ( ! v>ieties ( our native grapes4 ,prop]ly plant$ !y are n only beautiful 9 !mselves b attractive ?r\gh _! sugge/iv5ess4 ,to sit "u "o's own v9e & fig tree is ! anci5t idea ( a life ( peace1 cont5tm5t & security2 & ?is association ) ! patri>*al use ( ! v9e is "o ( ! *>ms ( ! grape4 #agi ,(t5 incorrectly spell$ ,dev]eux4 #ahj ,horticulturi/1 #ab3deh4 #aheg4 #aha ,g>4 ,mon41 #b3bfe4 #ahfj4 #ahb ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahid3aaf4 #ahc ,aft] ! above 0 9 type we receiv$ a communication f ,ricketts /at+ t ,d[n+ came f se$ ( ,concord f]tiliz$ by ,muscat ,hamburg4 ,if ?is is true x is difficult to acc\nt = ! app>5t ,ae/ivalis *>act]s4 #ahd ,?is v>iety 0 nam$ aft] ,dut*ess ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 & ! spell+ is z giv5 9 ?is text & n ,du*ess z usually spell$4 #ahe ,&rew ,jackson ,caywood 0 born ne> ,mod5a1 ,ul/] ,c\nty1 ,new ,york1 9 #ahai4 ,dur+ 8 e>ly life he 0 a mason & contractor & engag$ 9 build+ op]ations 9 ,orange & ,ul/] c\nties4 ,:5 ab\t tw5ty-five ye>s ( age he became int]e/$ 9 fruit culture & 0 soon "o ( ! lead+ fruit-gr[]s 9 8 section4 ,caywood's grape-bre$+ "w appe>s to h />t$ ab\t #ahej1 :ile he /ill liv$ at ,mod5a4 ,9 #ahfa he remov$ to ,p\ghkeepsie1 & ab\t #ahfe1 :at 0 probably 8 fir/ grape1 ! ,walt]1 0 br\ght to ! att5tion ( ! public4 ,9 #ahgg he remov$ to ,m>lboro1 :]e = _m ye>s he conduct$ a nurs]y bus9ess 9 connection ) fruit rais+1 fir/ "u ! firm "n ( ,f]ries ,caywood1 & lat] z ,caywood ,son1 8 son ,walt] hav+ ent]$ ! bus9ess4 ,caywood's la/ ye>s 7 cl\d$ ) f9ancial tr\bles & fail+ heal?4 ,9 #ahhi he di$ at 8 home 9 ,m>lboro4 ,no record is available ( ,caywood's productions nor 8 mann] ( "w4 ,he appe>s to h diff]$ f ! grape-bre$]s ( 8 day 9 t he produc$ second r ?an fir/ g5]ation hybrids4 ,( ^! 8 mo/ important productions are3 ,dut*ess1 ,mett]ni*1 ,nect>1 ,p\ghkeepsie1 ,ul/] & ,walt]1 ?\gh he rais$ _m o!rs1 mo/ ( :i* 7 nev] nam$ nor dissem9at$4 ,caywood's ye>s ( unremitt+ labor 9 improv+ grapes w long make 8 "n prom95t 9 ,am]ican viticulture4 #ahf ,john ,burr 0 born 9 ,bridgeport1 ,connecticut1 9 #ahjj4 ,9 e>ly life he remov$ to ,ohio1 :]e1 al?\gh he 0 engag$ 9 m]cantile pursuits1 he pass$ 8 leisure "t 9 exp]im5t+ ) /rawb]ries4 ,9 ?is "w he 0 q successful1 produc+ ,burr's ,p9e & ,burr's ,se$l+1 once popul> sorts4 ,9 #aheh ,burr mov$ to ,kansas & soon aft] began bre$+ grapes4 ,= ?is "w he 0 a believ] 9 natural poll9ation & plant$ ! v>ieties :i* he desir$ to use z p>5ts 9 close proximity t !y might poll9ate ea* o!r4 ,burr at fir/ us$ ,concord1 ,h>t=d1 ,isabella1 & o!r grapes ( ?is class z p>5ts1 b lat] he de/roy$ all ( ! se$l+s ( ^! & us$ ,delaw>e1 ,goe!1 ,salem1 ,catawba1 & o!r ,v9if]a hybrids4 ,he did n take tr\ble to note f :i* v>iety ! se$ came b mix$ & plant$ all toge!r4 ,! records ( ! p>5tage ( 8 productions are consequ5tly usually unsatisfactory4 ,mo/ ( 8 grape productions 7 introduc$ to ! public by ,/ayman ,black1 a ne>by nurs]y firm4 ,( ,burr's _m se$l+s he gave names to ! foll[+3 ,co*ee1 ,e>ly ,victor1 ,eclipse1 ,eval9e1 ,ideal1 ,iola1 ,jewel1 ,magnate1 ,mat*less1 ,m5dota1 ,omega1 ,osage1 ,osee1 ,p>agon1 ,peola1 ,primate1 ,pulasky1 ,s5eca1 ,sup]ior1 ,/&>d1 ,supreme1 & ,:ite ,jewel4 ,burr di$ at 8 home 9 ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 9 #ahib4 #ahg ,trait g54 de vit41 #f3aib4 #aijc4 #ahh ,cat41 #aijg-h3ah4 #ahi ,?is v>iety 0 nam$ ,gl5feld by ,mr4 ,magee1 its orig9ator1 n ,gl5field z x is frequ5tly spell$4 #aij ,tex4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #ef3bfg4 #aijj4 #aia ,munson reg>ds !m z id5tical4 #aib ,dr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,grant 0 born 9 ,lit*field1 ,connecticut1 9 #ahaj4 ,e>ly 9 life he became a ,doctor ( ,m$ic9e b soon became dissatisfi$ ) t pr(ession z x 0 !n practic$1 & ent]$ d5ti/ry4 ,he settl$ 9 ,newburgh1 ,new ,york1 :]e he built up a v l>ge d5tal practice4 ,dr4 ,grant 0 an en?usia/ic amateur horticulturi/ & numb]$ among 8 fri5ds su* m5 ( national note z ,a4 ,j4 & ,*>les ,d[n+1 ,horace ,greeley1 ,h5ry ,w>d ,bee*]1 ,w4 ,c4 ,bryant1 ,donald ,g4 ,mit*ell & o!rs l ^! :o 7 int]e/$ 9 rural pursuits4 ,he b\ght ,iona ,isl& 9 ! ,hudson ,riv] & plant$ !reon a comm]cial v9ey>d4 ,on ! dea? ( 8 wife 9 #ahef he gave up 8 d5tal practice & took up 8 resid5ce on ,iona ,isl&4 ,"h = twelve ye>s he grew grapes & conduct$ a grape nurs]y4 ,un=tunately ,dr4 ,grant's bus9ess exp]i5ce 0 n su* z to enable him to make a success ( a comm]cial nurs]y4 ,9 #ahfh he retir$ f active pursuits & return$ to 8 old home at ,lit*field1 :]e he di$ 9 #ahha4 ,dr4 ,grant's *ief int]e/ to grape-gr[]s lies 9 ! fact t he 0 ! orig9ator ( ,iona & ,israella & ! introduc] ( ,anna & ,eumelan4 ,he 0 "o ( ! fir/ & a mo/ ard5t grape-bre$]1 work+ especially t[>d improv+ ! quality ( comm]cial v>ieties ( grapes4 #aic ,on acc\nt ( criticisms ( ! ju/ice ( ! aw>d1 ,grant return$ ! prize to be compet$ = a second "t4 ,at ! second trial x w5t to ,concord on v9e *>act]s4 #aid ,s\4 ,agr41 #b3eeb4 #ahbi4 #aie ,9 #ahhi ,munson s5t out a grape "u ! "n ,jaeg] & 9 #ahij he introduc$ ! v>iety "h describ$ "u ! "n ,h]mann ,jaeg]1 at ! same "t )draw+ ! =m] v>iety f fur!r dissem9ation4 ,z ! fir/ nam$ ,jaeg] is app>5tly obsolete !re seems to be no objection to %ort5+ ! "n s z to con=m 9 nom5clature ) ! recomm5dations ( ! ,am]ican ,pomological ,society4 #aif ,james ,h4 ,ricketts 0 born 9 ,oldbridge1 ,middlesex ,c\nty1 ,massa*usetts1 9 #ahcj1 ! family mov+ to ,indiana :ile ,ricketts 0 /ill a *ild4 ,:5 a "y man ,ricketts le>n$ ! trade ( bookb9d+ 9 ,c9c9nati & lat] practic$ ?is art 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,9 #aheg he e/abli%$ a bookb9d+ bus9ess at ,newburgh1 ,new ,york2 "h he became int]e/$ 9 rais+ fruit1 devot+ to x su* "t z c\ld be be sp>$ f 8 bus9ess4 ,9 #ahfa he />t$ 8 "w 9 grape improvem5t1 read+ all ! books !n publi%$ on ?is subject 9 ord] to prep>e himself to c>ry on ! "w intellig5tly4 ,8 fir/ production 0 ,r>itan :i* he says he ?\ght n mu* improvem5t4 ,9 #ahfb1 he built a glass h\se 9 ord] t he might h ,v9if]a v9es = cross+ ) natives outside4 ,8 fir/ production ( =eign cross-bre$s 0 ! ,*>les ,d[n+1 n[ kn[n z ,d[n+4 ,ricketts produc$ _m hundr$ se$l+s1 & = t5 or twelve ye>s exhibit$ !m at v>i\s fairs1 horticultural society meet+s & o!r places1 :]e _! magnific5t appe>ance & f9e flavor attract$ univ]sal & favorable att5tion & made him ! recipi5t ( _m m$als & prizes4 ,un=tunately ,ricketts1 l _m o!r ,am]ican grape-bre$]s1 fell into f9ancial difficulties1 & 9 #ahgg lo/ 8 v9ey>d & home by =eclosure4 ,9 #ahhh1 he mov$ to ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 to "w at 8 trade b has aga9 />t$ to improve grapes & is n[ gr[+ a numb] ( new v>ieties :i* w probably be %[n to ! public 9 ! ne> future4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jeff]son ,ricketts' se$l+s are *>act]iz$ by a l>ge size ( bun* & b]ry1 & by high quality4 ,un=tunately x has be5 ! exp]i5ce ( gr[]s 9 ne>ly all grape regions t ! v9e *>act]s ( 8 v>ieties are n equal to ^? ( ! fruit1 ! v9es be+ subject to mildew & o!r ,v9if]a weaknesses4 ,h[ev]1 ,ricketts produc$ magnific5t specim5s ( 8 grapes1 ye> aft] ye>1 "u conditions :i* e "o admits 7 less favorable ?an ^? ( ! av]age grape-gr[]4 ,! secret ( 8 success seems nev] to h be5 discov]$4 ,?is anomaly is s /rik+ t ,campbell did n hesitate to sugge/ t ! fault 0 ) ! ,am]ican grape-gr[] r ?an ) ,ricketts' grapes or ! location ( ! v9ey>d4 ,! be/ kn[n ( 8 v>ieties are3 ,advance1 ,bac*us1 ,don ,juan1 ,d[n+1 ,eldorado1 ,empire ,/ate1 ,highl&1 ,jeff]son1 ,lady ,wa%+ton & ,secret>y4 ,besides ^! he produc$ _m o!rs1 "s ( :i* 7 nam$ b _m ( :i* 7 kn[n only "u numb]s4 #aig ,am]4 ,f>m]1 #aa3bcg1 #dab4 #ahbi-cj4 #aih ,! illu/rations 9 ,! ,grapes ( ,new ,york1 unless o!rwise m5tion$1 are life-size2 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t :5 objects hav+ ?ree dim5sions are reproduc$ on a flat surface !re is seem+ly a consid]able r$uction 9 size4 ,all[ance %\ld be made = ?is illusion 9 comp>+ fruit ) illu/ration4 #aii ,bu%4 ,cat41 #ahhc3abj4 #bjj ,d[n+1 #aheg3cda4 #bja ,pron\nc$ ,reezl+4 #bjb ,jacob ,rommel 0 born 9 ,philadelphia1 ,p5nsylvania1 9 #ahcg4 ,! family mov$ to ,h]mann1 ,miss\ri1 9 #ahch :]e 8 fa!r1 ,jacob ,rommel1 ,sr41 engag$ 9 ! nurs]y bus9ess & became int]e/$ 9 grape-gr[+ & w9e-mak+4 ,9 #ahfj ! y\ng] ,rommel remov$ to ,morrison :]e he ent]$ into p>tn]%ip ) ,h4 ,sobbe to gr[ nurs]y /ock & cultivate grapes4 ,at ?is "t mu* dissatisfaction 0 felt among ! grape-gr[]s ( ! ,middle ,we/ ) ! /&>d v>ieties !n gr[n1 mo/ ( :i* 7 table grapes secur$ f ! ,ea/1 & 7 poorly adapt$ to w9e-mak+ & to ,miss\ri conditions4 ,to rem$y ?is defect ,rommel orig9at$ _m new v>ieties1 us+ ,taylor *iefly z a p>5t4 ,among o!rs he produc$ ,amb]1 ,beauty1 ,black ,delaw>e1 ,elvira1 ,etta1 ,fai?1 ,montefiore1 ,pe>l1 ,transp>5t & ,wild+4 ,rommel's se$l+s are *>act]iz$ by extreme vigor & productiv5ess4 ,!y 7 n design$ = table grapes & !y lack ! qualities to recomm5d !m z su*4 ,9 #aijj ,rommel retir$ f bus9ess & remov$ to ,*amois1 ,miss\ri1 :]e he /ill lives4 #bjc ,nelson ,bonney ,:ite 0 born 9 ! t[n ( ,putney1 ,w9dham ,c\nty1 ,v]mont1 9 #ahbd4 ,dur+ 8 y\ng] ye>s he liv$ = a "t 9 ,ohio & 9 ,new ,york b f9ally settl$ 9 ,norwood1 ,massa*usetts4 ,:ite 0 a cab9et mak] by trade1 b com+ "u ! influ5ce ( ,e4 ,s4 ,rog]s at ! "t :5 ,rog]s' hybrids 7 caus+ a /ir 9 ,new ,engl&1 he took up grape-bre$+ z a pa/ime4 ,he is probably ! olde/ grape-bre$] ( note n[ alive1 z he has be5 engag$ 9 ?is occupation ov] fifty ye>s4 ,8 be/ kn[n productions are ,augu/ ,giant1 ,amb] ,que51 & ,norfolk4 ,two o!r ( 8 v>ieties1 ,int]national & ,k+ ,philip1 are v highly spok5 ( b h n yet be5 di/ribut$4 #bjd ,horticulturi/1 #af3bhf4 #ahfa4 #bje ,mag4 ,hort41 #i3dcj4 #ahdc4 #bjf ,trait g54 de vit41 #f3aff4 #aijc4 #bjg ,u4 ,s4 ,pat4 ,(f4 ,rpt41 #ahee3cjh4 #bjh ,a4 ,j4 ,caywood1 ( ,m>lboro1 ,new ,york1 publi%$ ! claim t ?is v>iety 0 orig9at$ by him1 t he _h nam$ x ,hudson b _h delay$ s5d+ x out on ! advice ( sev]al grape exp]ts till x _h be5 fur!r te/$4 ,= ?is purpose ,caywood says he s5t ! v>iety to ab\t sixty m51 among !m ,j4 ,w4 ,pr5tiss4 ,^? :o exam9$ fruit f ! two orig9al v9es said !y 7 c]ta9ly v simil> if n id5tical4 #bji ,edw>d ,/ani=d ,rog]s 0 born 9 ! old family mansion on ,essex ,/reet1 ,salem1 ,massa*usetts1 ,june #bh1 #ahbf1 & di$ 9 ,peabody1 ,massa*usetts1 ,m>* #bi1 #ahii4 ,he 0 ! son ( ,na?aniel ,lev]ett ,rog]s1 an old-"t ,salem m]*ant1 :o1 ) 8 bro!rs ,john & ,ri*>d1 0 engag$ 9 ! m>itime trade4 ,edw>d ,rog]s 0 educat$ 9 ,ma/] ,ira ,*eev]'s s*ool1 a fam\s ,salem s*ool ( ! day1 &1 lat]1 he made sev]al voyages 9 8 fa!r's %ips z cl]k & sup]c>go &1 f9ally1 pass$ a numb] ( ye>s 9 ! c\nt+-room ( ! firm 9 ,salem4 ,aft] 8 fa!r's dea?1 ,mr4 ,rog]s liv$ 9 ! old family home ) 8 bro!r & _! "m1 & 9 ! g>d5 back ( ! h\se1 q l>ge = a city lot1 he indulg$ 8 natural ta/e = horticulture & conduct$ 8 exp]im5ts 9 grape hybridization4 ,by temp]am5t ,mr4 ,rog]s 0 quiet & retir+ & s g5]\s t he ga9$ practically no pr(it f 8 horticultural productions1 = he freely gave cutt+s & root$ plants ( ! hybrids he rais$ to fri5ds & visitors be=e 8 own /ock 0 by any means l>ge4 ,mr4 ,rog]s possess$ lit]>y ability & 0 an ext5sive read]1 b c\ld r>ely be drawn into conv]sation except+ among 8 mo/ intimate fri5ds :o 7 wont to drop 9 at 8 long1 l[ gre5h\se 9 ! g>d5 or at 8 (fice1 extemporiz$ 9 ! old colonial b>n at ! re> ( ! h\se4 ,aft] ! dea? ( 8 "m ! old h\se 0 sold & ! bro!rs remov$ to ano!r h\se 9 ,salem & "s ye>s lat]1 aft] ! dea? ( 8 bro!r1 ,mr4 ,rog]s b\ght ! place1 8 la/ home1 9 ,peabody1 ,massa*usetts1 :]e he cultivat$ trees & fl[]s = pleasure & exp]im5t4 ,an accid5t :i* result$ 9 a p]man5t lam5ess prev5t$ mu* physical labor dur+ 8 la/ ye>s & probably 9 a measure ha/5$ 8 dea?4 #baj ,9 ! ea/]n portion ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates1 ! section :]e ?is v>iety orig9at$ & :]e x is /ill mo/ l>gely gr[n1 ,scupp]nong is appli$ only to a :ite v>iety ( ,vitis rotundifolia4 ,un=tunately 9 _m portions ( ! ,s\? & 9 ! ,nor?1 ! ^w ,scupp]nong is app>5tly tak5 z mean+ a grape ( ! s\!rn ,fox or ,rotundifolia class2 ?us we f9d "s writ]s us+ su* contradictory expressions z ,:ite ,scupp]nong1 ,gre5 ,scupp]nong1 & ,black ,scupp]nong4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 at lea/1 ?is use ( ! t]m appe>s to h aris5 9 ! la/ fifty ye>s1 usage previ\s to t "t be+ practically unanim\s 9 recogniz+ t ! ,scupp]nong 0 ! :ite ,rotundifolia :i* _h be5 select$ at an e>ly day = cultivation on acc\nt ( c]ta9 sup]ior cultural *>act]s di/+ui%+ x f ! re/ ( ! species4 #baa ,am]4 ,f>m]1 #c3ccb4 #ahbb4 #bab ,s4 ,c4 ,/a4 ,bul41 #acb3ag1 #ah4 #aijg4 #bac ,dr4 ,joseph ,/ayman 0 born 9 ,cumb]l& ,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 9 #ahag4 ,! family 0 ( ,g]man desc5t & _h long be5 id5tifi$ ) ! ,m5nonites ( ! region ( 8 bir?place4 ,/ayman's fa!r 0 a f>m] & mill] & dur+ e>ly life ! son 0 engag$ 9 ^! occupations4 ,9 #ahci he accompani$ 8 p>5ts to ,ohio1 :]e he 0 engag$ 9 ! mill+ bus9ess ) 8 fa!r = a "t & lat] ent]$ ! lecture field & /udi$ m$ic9e4 ,9 #ahdi he m>ri$ & e/abli%$ 8 home 9 ,c>lisle1 ,p5nsylvania1 remov+ two ye>s lat] to ,ab+don1 ,ill9ois4 ,= sev]al ye>s he practic$ m$ic9e b 9 #aheh pur*as$ a nurs]y :i* 0 ! beg9n+ ( 8 connection ) ! fruit bus9ess4 ,9 #ahfj he remov$ to ,leav5wor?1 ,kansas1 :]e he liv$ ! rema9d] ( 8 life1 dy+ at 8 home 9 t city 9 #aijc4 ,dr4 ,/ayman 0 a man ( great orig9ality & _h v>i$ int]e/s4 ,9 plant-bre$+ he work$ ) /rawb]ries1 apples1 raspb]ries & grapes1 produc+ among o!rs ! ,clyde /rawb]ry1 ! ,/ayman apple & a ho/ ( v>ieties ( grapes4 ,( 8 nam$ sorts ( grapes !re are3 ,black ,imp]ial1 ,*]okee1 ,concordia1 ,daisy1 ,d>w91 ,exquisite1 ,m>sala1 ,m>y ,m>k1 ,mrs4 ,/ayman1 ,osceola1 ,oscaloosa1 ,oswego1 ,oz>k1 ,pawnee1 ,p]fection1 ,prolific1 ,sn[flake1 ,:ite ,beauty1 ,:ite ,cl\d & ,:ite ,imp]ial4 ,/ayman & ,john ,burr 7 neighbors & fri5ds1 & held simil> op9ions z to ! be/ me?ods ( proc$ure 9 orig9at+ new v>ieties4 ,nei!r believ$ 9 artificial poll9ation b grew ! sev]al v>ieties f :i* crosses 7 desir$ 9 close proximity & !n plant$ se$ f ! be/ develop$ fruits4 ,_! me?ods c]ta9ly gave !m v>ieties ) a high /&>d ( excell5ce4 ,/ayman may be reg>d$ z "o ( ! lead+ viticulturi/s ( ! ,great ,pla9s region4 ,he 01 too1 "o ( ! pione]s ( ,am]ica 9 bre$+ fruits4 ,8 _m contributions to our li/s ( fruits make 8 "n memorable to fruit-gr[]s & lov]s ( f9e fruits4 99 99 99 99 99 ,typographical errors correct$ by ! etext transcrib]3 suspectible susceptible pg #acf :ile ! ! *alaza :ile ! *alaza pg #aai suceptible sucseptible pg #bbh ,mu/ #hhh ,mu/ #hh pg #bfa ,mu/ #hjh ,mu/ #hj pg #cad #ahhi & x /ill reta9$ #ahhi & is /ill reta9$ pg #cbi possiby possibly pg #cdf app]ance appe>ance pg #dfi gov]m5t gov]nm5t pg #eba ,munson' scrosses ,munson's crosses pg #dic enlongat$ elongat$ pg #ejj ,brillant1 #aic ,brilliant1 #aic pg #edj index self/]ility (1 #ajd2 self-/]ility (1 #ajd2 pg #edf index means ( d/ribution (1 #bg2 means ( di/ribution (1 #bg2 pg #eec