,,! ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,book ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,book ,a ,,review ,,( ,,"s ,,rec5t ,,european ,,& ,,am]ican ,,"w ,,9 ,,typography1 ,,page ,,decoration ,,b9d+ ,,*>les ,,holme1 ,,editor ,,mcmxiv 8,,! ,,/udio0 ,,ltd4 ,,london1 ,,p>is1 ,,new ,,york ,,prefatory ,,note ,! ,editor desires to express 8 ?anks to ! foll[+ :o h k9dly assi/$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is volume3--to ! ,tru/ees ( ! ,kelmscott ,press = p]mission to reproduce ! pages pr9t$ 9 ! ?ree types design$ by ,william ,morris1 & to ,mr4 ,em]y ,walk] = ! valuable assi/ance he has r5d]$ 9 ! reproductions ( ^! p>ticul> pages1 & also ! page ( ,proctor's ,greek type2 to ,mr4 ,luci5 ,piss>ro = all[+ ! ?ree pages by ! ,eragny ,press to appe>2 to ,mr4 ,c4 ,h4 ,/4 ,john ,hornby1 ^: page by ! ,a%5d5e ,press has be5 especially set up = ?is volume2 to ,mr4 ,philip ,lee ,w>n] = p]mission to %[ two pages by ! ,ricc>di ,press2 to ,messrs4 ,*atto ,w9dus = ! page by ! ,flor5ce ,press2 to ,messrs4 ,me?u5 ,co4 = ! page pr9t$ 9 ! 8,ewell0 type2 to ,messrs4 ,h4 ,w4 ,caslon ,co4 = ! page ( _! new 8,k5n]ley0 type2 to ,messrs4 ,p4 ,m4 ,%anks ,sons = ! page ( 8,dolph9 ,old ,/yle0 type2 to ,mr4 ,f4 ,v4 ,burridge = ! two pages especially set up at ! ,london ,c\nty ,c\ncil ,c5tral ,s*ool ( ,arts & ,crafts2 to ,messrs4 ,george ,all5 ,co4 = p]mission to reproduce ! two pages design$ by ,mr4 ,walt] ,crane2 to ,mr4 ,p]cy ,j4 ,smi? = ! book-op5+ design$ by him2 to ! ,cuala ,press1 ! ,v9c5t ,press1 ! ,reigate ,press1 ,messrs4 ,b4 ,t4 ,bats=d1 ,messrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,d5t ,sons1 ,messrs4 ,george ,r\tl$ge ,sons1 ,messrs4 ,siegle1 ,hill ,co41 = p]mission to %[ v>i\s pages f _! publications2 & to ,mr4 ,j4 ,walt] ,we/1 ,r4 ,w4 ,s41 = ! pages design$ by him4 ,! ,editor's ?anks are due to ! v>i\s bookb9d]s ^: "w has be5 l5t = illu/ration1 & to ,monsieur ,emile ,lvy = ! loan ( ! photographs ( ,mr4 ,d\glas ,cok]ell's b9d+s2 to ,mr4 ,john ,lane = p]mission to illu/rate ! cov] designs by ,aubrey ,be>dsley2 & to ,messrs4 ,george ,newnes = ! end-pap] design by ,mr4 ,granville ,fell4 ,! ,editor is also indebt$ to ! v>i\s ,cont95tal & ,am]ican publi%]s1 pr9t]s1 type-f\nd]s1 bookb9d]s & book-decorators :o h k9dly plac$ at 8 disposal ! examples ( _! "w %[n 9 ! =eign sections2 p>ticul>ly to ,h]r5 ,gebrd] ,kl+spor1 ! ,bau]s*e ,giess]ei1 ,h]r ,emil ,gurs*1 ,h]r ,d4 ,/empel1 ,h]r5 ,g5zs* & ,heyse1 ,,mm4 ,g4 ,peignot et fils1 ,monsieur ,l4 ,pi*on1 & ,monsieur ,jules ,meynial = ! pages ( type especially set up = ?is volume4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,articles ,,page ,briti% ,types = ,pr9t+ ,books4 ,by ,b]n>d ,h4 ,newdigate #c ,f9e ,bookb9d+ 9 ,engl&4 ,by ,d\glas ,cock]ell #fi ,! ,art ( ! ,book 9 ,g]many4 ,by ,l4 ,deubn] #abg ,! ,art ( ! ,book 9 ,france4 ,by ,e4 ,a4 ,taylor #agi ,! ,art ( ! ,book 9 ,au/ria4 ,by ,a4 ,s4 ,levetus #bjc ,! ,art ( ! ,book 9 ,hung>y ---- #bca ,! ,art ( ! ,book 9 ,sw$54 ,by ,augu/ ,brunius #bdc ,! ,art ( ! ,book 9 ,am]ica4 ,by ,william ,dana ,orcutt #bei ,,great ,,brita9 ,,briti% ,,types ,,= ,,pr9t+ ,,books4 ,,by ,,b]n>d ,h4 ,,newdigate ,to judge rightly ( ! good or bad features ( types us$ = pr9t+ books1 we %\ld h "s acqua9tance at lea/ ) ! e>li] =ms f :i* our mod]n types h come4 ,let u !re=e glance at ! hi/ory ( ! lett] f :i* ,engli% books are pr9t$ to-day4 ,! e>lie/ pr9t$ books1 su* z ! ,ma9z ,bible & ,psalt]s1 7 pr9t$ 9 ,go?ic lett]1 :i* 9 its g5]al "* copi$ ! book-h&s us$ by ! scribes 9 ,g]many1 :]e ^! books 7 pr9t$4 ,9 ,italy1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,go?ic h& did n satisfy ! fa/idi\s ta/e ( ! s*ol>s ( ! ,r5aissance1 :o _h adopt$ = _! own a h&writ+ ( :i* ! majuscule lett]s 7 inspir$1 or at lea/ influ5c$1 by ! lett] us$ 9 classical ,rome1 ( :i* s _m admirable examples _h surviv$ 9 ! old monum5tal inscriptions4 ,= ! small lett]s !y w5t back to ! f9e h& :i* by ! elev5? & twelf? c5turies _h gradually be5 =m$ out ( ! ,c>ol9e m9uscules ( ! n9? & _h become ! /&>d book-h& ( ! great] "p ( ,lat9 ,europe4 ,:5 ! ,g]mans ,sweynheim & ,pann>tz br\ght pr9t+ into ,italy1 !y fir/ pr9t$ books 9 a v beautiful b some:at heavy ,roman lett] ( /rong ,go?ic t5d5cy4 ,x seems1 inde$1 to h be5 some:at too ,go?ic = ! ref9$ humani/ic ta/e ( t day2 & :5 !y mov$ _! press to ,rome1 x 0 disc>d$ 9 fav\r ( a lett] m l ! fa%ionable scrittura umani/ica ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,o!r ,italian pr9t]s _h f\nts bo? ( ,go?ic & ( ,roman types4 ,! great ,v5etian pr9t] ,j5son1 = in/ance1 & _m ( 8 fell[s pr9t$ books 9 bo? *>act]s2 b ! ,roman gradually prevail$1 fir/ 9 ,italy1 !n 9 ,spa9 & ,france1 & lat] on 9 ,engl&4 ,9 ,g]many1 on ! o!r h&1 ! cradle-l& ( ! craft1 ,go?ic lett] ( a sadly debas$ type has held its own d[n to ?is day4 ,ev5 9 ,g]many1 h[ev]1 ! use ( ,roman type has ga9$ gr\nd ( late ye>s1 nationali/ feel+ not)/&+4 ,! ,roman type us$ by ! e>ly ,italian pr9t]s is1 !n1 ! prototype f :i* all o!r ,roman f\nts are desc5d$4 ,its developm5t may be trac$ ?r\gh su* ,roman type z 0 us$ by ,aldus at ,v5ice1 by ,frob5 at ,basle1 by ! ,e/i5nes 9 ,p>is1 by ,b]!let & ,day 9 ,london1 by ,plant9 at ,antw]p1 by ! ,elzevirs at ,leyd5 & ,am/]dam1 & by pr9t]s g5]ally "r ?r\gh ! sev5te5? c5tury & ! great] "p ( ! eighte5?4 ,?r\gh all ^! ye>s types /ill kept :at mod]n pr9t]s call _! 8old-face0 "*1 :i* !y _h acquir$ f ! scrittura umani/ica ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ! lett]s ( ! ,roman alphabet began to acquire c]ta9 new features at ! h&s ( ! copp]-plate engrav]s1 :o suppli$ ! book illu/rations ( ! p]iod4 ,work+ ) ! bur9 in/ead ( ! p51 !y naturally us$ a %>p] & f9] l9e & also modifi$ some:at ! curves ( ! lett]s1 :i* t5d$ to become m /ilt$ & less op54 ,! tail ( ! 8,r10 = in/ance1 :i* 9 ,j5son's type is ?ru/ =w>d at an angle ( ab\t =ty-five degrees1 at ! h&s ( "s ( ! sev5te5?-c5tury engrav]s t5ds to drop m v]tically1 z 9 ! 8,r0 ( 8mod]n0 type1 ! developm5t ( :i* we are seek+ to trace4 ,h[ f> & h[ soon ! lett]+ ( ! engrav]s ( illu/rations came to modify ! lett]s ca/ by ! type-f\nd]s is a "q :i* invites fur!r rese>*4 ,a mat]ial piece ( evid5ce is suppli$ by ! 8,horace0 pr9t$ by ,john ,p9e 9 #agcc4 ,in/ead ( be+ pr9t$ f type1 ! text ( ?is book1 toge!r ) ! ornam5ts & illu/rations1 0 pr9t$ f engrav$ copp]plates4 ,9 date x 0 "s sixty ye>s prior to ! e>lie/ books pr9t$ 9 8mod]n-fac$0 type 9 ?is c\ntry2 yet 9 ! cut ( ! l9es & ! actual %ape ( ! lett]s _m di/+ui%+ features ( ! 8mod]n0 face may already be trac$4 ,:at ^! features became may be se5 be/ by comp>+ an alphabet ( ! 8old0 ) "o ( ! 8mod]n0 face pr9t$ bel[ x3 ,illu/ration ,! 8mod]n0 t5d5cy may be se5 9 c]ta9 features ( ! types design$ by ,bask]ville1 :o pr9t$ 8 fir/ book 9 #ageg2 b x is n ne>ly s pron\nc$ z 9 ,p9e's 8,horace10 engrav$ tw5ty-f\r ye>s e>li]4 ,bask]ville's editions _h an enorm\s vogue1 n only 9 ?is c\ntry b on ! ,cont95t also1 :]e !y _h consid]able influ5ce on ! /yle ( pr9t+ :i* !n prevail$4 ,among/ ^? :o felt ?is influ5ce 0 ,giambatti/a ,bodoni1 a s*ol> & pr9t] ( ,p>ma1 :i* city has lately kept ! c5t5>y ( 8 dea?4 ,to ,bodoni m ?an anyone else ! s-call$ 8mod]n-face0 is due4 ,he ca/ a l>ge numb] ( f\nts1 n>r[ 9 ! 8set0 or wid? ( ! lett]s z comp>$ ) _! height1 & hav+ ! excessively f9e l9es & ! close loops & curves :i* are *>act]i/ic ( t face4 ,l ,bask]ville he pr9t$ 8 books ) v great c>e on a spaci\s page 9 l>ge & heavily-lead$ type2 & al?\gh an occasional prote/ 0 rais$ aga9/ ! ugl9ess ( 8 lett]1 8 books caught ! ta/e ( 8 day1 & 8 type 0 copi$ by all ! ,engli% type-f\nd]s ( ! "t4 ,! new fa%ion completely drove out ! old] tradition1 :i* dat$ f ! v inv5tion ( pr9t+2 & f ! clos+ ye>s ( ! eighte5? to ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury books 7 pr9t$ almo/ exclusively 9 8mod]n-fac$0 type4 ,! old] & m au!ntic lett] _h its rev5ge 9 #ahdc1 :5 ! publi%]1 ,william ,pick]+1 arrang$ ) 8 fri5d ,*>les ,:itt+ham1 ! pr9t]1 to produce a h&some edition ( ,juv5al z a 8leav+-pres5t0 = ,eton2 & ! book 0 to be pr9t$ f ! disc>d$ type fir/ cut by ,william ,caslon ab\t ! ye> #agbd4 ,prior to t "t ,engli% pr9t]s _h gone to ,holl& = mo/ ( _! type2 b ,caslon's types surpass$ 9 beauty any hi!rto us$ 9 ,engl&1 & ! be/ ,engli% pr9t+ _h be5 done f !m till ne> ! end ( ! c5tury1 :5 !y 7 driv5 out by ! 8mod]n0 face4 ,be=e ! ,juv5al 0 issu$1 a romance entitl$ 8,! ,di>y ( ,lady ,will\ghby10 deal+ ) ! p]iod ( ! ,civil ,w>s1 0 also pr9t$ 9 old-fac$ type ca/ f ,william ,caslon's matrices1 s z to imp>t to ! book a flav\r ( ! p]iod at :i* ! di>i/ 0 suppos$ to be writ+4 ,x 0 ! day ( ,pug9 & ( ! ,go?ic revival2 & ! public ta/e 0 won by ! appe>ance ( ?is book1 pr9t$ 9 old-fa%ion$ guise 9 ! selfsame type :i* _h be5 ca/ aside half a c5tury be=e4 ,type-f\nd]s are g5]ally quick to foll[ "o ano!r's lead 9 new fa%ions2 & be=e long e type-f\nd] 9 ,engl& _h cut pun*es & ca/ lett] 9 t modifi$ =m ( ,caslon's old-fac$ type :i* pr9t]s call 8old-/yle40 ,mr4 ,ad5ey ( ! ,reigate ,press has us$ an 8old-/yle0 f\nt 9 ! extract f ,camd5's 8,britannia0 reproduc$ on a v small scale on page #eg4 ,! 8old-/yle0 "* & ! po9ts 9 :i* x is ei!r l or unlike ! m au!ntic old-fac$ lett] may be se5 by comp>+ ! two4 ,! l[] ( ^! f\nts is ! 8old-/yle03 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,! fav\r :i* ! reviv$ 8old-face0 & ! new 8old-/yle0 lett] won = !mselves 9 ! middle ( la/ c5tury has suff]$ no dim9ution s9ce4 ,! ugly 8mod]n-face10 :i* we owe to ,bodoni1 is /ill us$ almo/ exclusively = c]ta9 classes ( "w & alt]natively = o!rs2 s t ! pr9t] is b\nd to be famili> ) all ?ree4 ,= book-pr9t+ at ! pres5t day ! 8old /yle0 & ! 8old-face0 are us$ mu* m ?an ! mod]n4 ,dur+ ! fifty ye>s t foll[$ ! reviv$ use ( ,caslon's types by ! ,:itt+hams !re is little else to record ab\t ! designs ( ! types us$ = pr9t+ books1 until ab\t ! ye> #ahij1 :5 ,william ,morris set himself to design type1 fir$ !reto by a lecture1 giv5 by ,mr4 ,em]y ,walk]1 on ! "w ( ! ,e>ly ,pr9t]s1 to :i* he _h li/5$4 ,9 ! 8,note by ,william ,morris on 8 aims 9 f\nd+ ! ,kelmscott ,press10 pr9t$ aft] 8 dea?1 he writes ( ! purpose :i* l$ him to pr9t books1 & ( ! "* he s\ght to give 8 lett]3 8,i began pr9t+ books ) ! hope ( produc+ "s :i* w\ld h a def9ite claim to beauty1 :ile at ! same "t !y %\ld be easy to read & %\ld n dazzle ! eye by ecc5tricity ( =m 9 ! lett]s4 ,i h always be5 a great admir] ( ! calligraphy ( ! ,middle ,ages & ( ! e>li] pr9t+ :i* took its place4 ,z to ! fifte5?-c5tury books1 ,i _h notic$ t !y 7 always beautiful by =ce ( ! m]e typography1 ev5 )\t ! add$ ornam5t ) :i* _m ( !m are s lavi%ly suppli$4 ,& x 0 ! ess5ce ( my und]tak+ to produce books :i* x w\ld be a pleasure to look ^u z pieces ( pr9t+ & arrangem5t ( type4444 ,next z to type4 ,by in/9ct r ?an by consci\s ?9k+ x ov]1 ,i began by gett+ myself a f\nt ( ,roman type4 ,& "h :at ,i want$ 0 lett] pure 9 =m2 sev]e )\t ne$less excresc5ces2 solid )\t ! ?ick5+ & ?9n+ ( ! l9e1 :i* is ! ess5tial fault ( ! ord9>y mod]n type & :i* makes x difficult to read2 & n compress$ lat]ally1 z all lat] type has gr[n to be ow+ to comm]cial exig5cies4 ,!re 0 only "o s\rce f :i* to take examples ( ?is p]fect$ ,roman type1 to wit1 ! works ( ! great ,v5etian pr9t]s ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 ( :om ,ni*olas ,j5son produc$ ! complete/ & mo/ ,roman *>act]s f #adgj to #adgf4 ,?is type ,i /udi$ ) mu* c>e1 gett+ x photograph$ to a big scale1 & draw+ x ov] _m times be=e ,i began design+ my own lett]2 s t1 ?\gh ,i ?9k ,i ma/]$ ! ess5ce ( x1 ,i did n copy x s]vilely2 9 fact1 my ,roman type1 especially 9 ! l[] case1 t5ds r m to ! ,go?ic ?an does ,j5son's4 ,aft] a :ile ,i felt ,i mu/ h a ,go?ic z well z a ,roman f\nt2 & h]e9 ! task ,i set myself 0 to r$eem ! ,go?ic "* f ! *>ge ( unreadabl5ess :i* is commonly br\ght aga9/ x4 ,& ,i felt t ?is *>ge c\ld n be reasonably br\ght aga9/ ! types ( ! fir/ two decades ( pr9t+3 t ,s*oeff] at ,ma9z1 ,m5tel9 at ,/rassburg1 & ,gn!r ,za9] at ,augsburg1 avoid$ ! spiky ends & undue compression :i* lay "s ( ! lat] types op5 to ! above *>ge4444 ,keep+ my end /eadily 9 view1 ,i design$ a black-lett] type :i* ,i ?9k ,i may claim to be z readable z a ,roman "o1 & to say ! tru? ,i pref] x to ! ,roman4 ,?is type is ( ! size call$ ,great ,prim] 7! ,roman type is ( #8,engli%' size72 b lat] on ,i 0 driv5 by ! necessities ( ! ,*auc] 7a d\ble-column$ book7 to get a simil> ,go?ic f\nt ( ,pica size40 ,pages pr9t$ 9 ea* ( ,morris's ?ree f\nts ( type are reproduc$ "h on pages #ad1 #ae1 #ag & #ai4 ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ,morris's 8,gold50 type--s he call$ 8 ,roman f\nt aft] ! 8,gold5 ,leg5d10 :i* he pr9t$ f x--) ! ,roman lett] ( ! ,italian pr9t]s1 :i* he /udi$ ) s mu* c>e be=e he began to design 8 type4 ,! 8,gold50 type is mu* heavi] 9 face ?an1 say1 t ( ,j5son2 & x c]ta9ly lacks ! suppl5ess & grace ( ! ,italian types g5]ally4 ,z a po9t ( detail we may notice especially ! brick-bat s]ifs us$ on ,morris's capital 8,m0 & 8,n10 giv+ a c]ta9 clums9ess to ^! lett]s4 ,! two ,go?ic lett] f\nts :i* ,morris design$1 on ! o!r h&1 mu/ be reg>d$ z among/ ! mo/ beautiful ev] ca/4 ,william ,morris's types %\ld be judg$ on ! sett+ ( ri*ly decorat$ bord]s :i* he design$ = 8 pages4 ,add+ to ^! ! designs ( ,sir ,edw>d ,burne-,jones1 engrav$ on wood by ,w4 ,h4 ,hoop]1 we h 9 ! ,kelmscott 8,*auc]0 ! mo/ spl5did book :i* has ev] be5 pr9t$4 ,! 8,gold50 type ( ! ,kelmscott ,press 0 copi$ freely 9 ,am]ica & s5t back to ! c\ntry ( its bir? "u sev]al diff]5t names4 ,9 some:at debas$ =ms x _h a vogue = a "t z a 8jobb+0 f\nt among/ pr9t]s :o knew little or no?+ ( ! ,kelmscott ,press2 b ! heav9ess ( its l9e & also its dep>ture f accept$ =ms kept x f com+ into g5]al use = pr9t+ books4 ,! int]e/ awak5$ by ! books pr9t$ by ,william ,morris at ,hamm]smi? tempt$ _m m to set up private presses or to design private f\nts ( type :5 ! "w ( ! ,kelmscott ,press came to an end aft] ,morris's dea?1 :i* took place 9 #ahif4 ,mo/ ( su* f\nts & ! be/ ( !m foll[$ m or less closely ! lett] ( ! e>ly ,italian pr9t]s1 :i*1 z we h se51 are ! prototypes ( our book lett] ( to-day4 ,ev5 be=e ! f\nd+ ( ! ,kelmscott ,press ,mr4 ,*>les ,ricketts _h design$ books1 us+ "s ( ! 8old /yle0 faces :i* 7 9 g5]al use4 ,:5 ! ,kelmscott ,press books appe>$1 he too 0 won ov] by :at he call$ ! 8gold5 sunny pages0 ( ! e>ly ,italian pr9t]s1 & design$ = himself ! 8,vale0 type4 ,9 weight & g5]al appe>ance x be>s consid]able lik5ess to ,morris's 8,gold50 type1 & 9 "s ways is an improvem5t on x4 ,mr4 ,ricketts aft]w>ds _h ! same lett] ca/ 9 a small] size = 8 edition ( ,%akespe>e1 :5ce its "n ( ! 8,avon0 type4 ,he also design$ ano!r lett]1 ! int]e/ ( :i* lies 9 c]ta9 exp]im5ts t[>ds ! re=m ( ! alphabet :i* x embodies4 ,9 ! 8,k+'s0 type1 z ,mr4 ,ricketts call$ x1 _m ( ! m9uscule lett]s1 su* z e1 g1 t1 are replac$ by small majuscules4 ,su* a dep>ture f traditional use is too viol5t to give pleasure1 & only two or ?ree books 7 pr9t$ 9 ?is lett]4 ,! ?ree ,vale ,press f\nts & also ! pun*es & matrices 7 de/roy$ :5 ! ,press ceas$ publi%+4 ,mr4 ,t4 ,j4 ,cobd5-,s&]son & ,mr4 ,em]y ,walk] set up ! ,doves ,press at ,hamm]smi? 9 #aijj1 & design$ & got ca/ = !mselves a f\nt ( type :i* foll[s ,j5son's ,roman type v closely4 ,x diff]s f x *iefly 9 ! great] regul>ity ( its l9es1 & also 9 ! squ>5ess & brick-bat %ape ( "s ( ! s]ifs1 :i* are1 h[ev]1 less conspicu\s ?an 9 ,morris's 8,gold50 type4 ,! ,doves ,press books1 unlike ^? ( ! ,kelmscott ,press1 are entirely free f ornam5t or decoration1 & owe _! rem>kable beauty to :at ,morris /yl$ ! ar*itectural goodness ( ! pages & also to ! f9e v]sal & initial lett]s done by ,mr4 ,edw>d ,john/on & ,mr4 ,graily ,hewitt4 ,lat] on we %all h some?+ m to say ab\t ! "w ( ^! m5 & _! s*ool4 ,! type ( ! ,a%5d5e ,press 7p4 #bc7 is modell$ f t 9 :i* ,sweynheim & ,pann>tz pr9t$ books at ,subiaco1 & :i*1 z we h se51 !y replac$ by a pur] ,roman lett] m 9 accord ) ! humani/ic ta/e ( _! day4 ,morris himself design$1 b nev] c>ri$ out1 a f\nt ( lett] aft] ! same f9e model4 ,x is a ,roman type1 ) _m ,go?ic features4 ,! folio 8,dante10 ! 8,morte ,d>?ur10 ! ,virgil & ! o!r books :i* ,mr4 ,/4 ,john ,hornby has pr9t$ f x 9 black & r$1 ) occasional blue & gold1 are sup]b examples ( typography4 ,mr4 ,luci5 ,piss>ro's little octavos h a c]ta9 p]sonal *>m ( _! own di/9ct f any?+ t is f\nd 9 ! m weighty volumes :i* h issu$ f ! o!r private presses4 ,! fir/ books :i* he produc$ at 8 ,eragny ,press 7 pr9t$ f ! ,vale type belong+ to 8 fri5d ,mr4 ,ricketts4 ,9 #aijc he began pr9t+ f ! 8,brook0 type 7pp4 #be to #bi71 :i* he _h design$4 ,al?\gh 9 ?is article we are conc]n$ *iefly ) 8 types1 x is impossible to )hold a tribute ( praise = ! graceful beauty ( ^! little books1 :i* !y owe ev5 m to ! admirable way 9 :i* _! diff]5t elem5ts h be5 comb9$--type1 wood-engrav+1 col\r1 pr9t+ & b9d+1 all ( !m ! "w ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,piss>ro !mselves--?an to ! individual excell5ce ( any "o ( !m4 ,mr4 ,c4 ,r4 ,a%bee's 8,endeav\r0 type 0 design$ by him = use at ! ,essex ,h\se ,press1 :i* he fir/ e/abli%$ at ,upton 9 ! ea/]n suburbs ( ,london & aft]w>ds remov$ to ,*ipp+ ,campd5 9 ,gl\ce/]%ire4 ,x owes no?+ to ! types ( ! e>ly pr9t]s1 & tak5 by itself is n pleas+2 b x makes a v h&some page :5 pr9t$ 9 r$ & black1 z 9 ! ,campd5 ,song ,book4 ,! type 0 also cut 9 l>ge size = ,k+ ,edw>d's ,pray] ,book1 "o ( ! mo/ ambiti\s v5tures ( any private press4 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,p4 ,horne has design$ ?ree f\nts1 all ( !m inspir$ by ! ,roman lett] ( ! e>ly ,italian pr9t]s4 ,! 8,montallegro0 type 7p4 #bfe71 ! fir/ 9 ord] ( date1 0 design$ = ,messrs4 ,updike & ,co41 ( ! ,m]rym\nt ,press1 ,bo/on1 & h>dly falls )9 ! scope ( ?is article4 ,9 #aijg he design$ = ,messrs4 ,*atto & ,w9dus a f\nt call$ ! 8,flor5ce0 type 7p4 #ca71 f :i* editions ( 8,! ,romaunt ( ! ,rose10 8,! ,little ,fl[]s ( ,/4 ,francis10 ,a4 ,c4 ,sw9burne's 8,songs be=e ,sunrise10 ,r4 ,l4 ,/ev5son's 8,virg9ibus ,pu]isque0 & also 8 ,poems h be5 pr9t$ at ! ,ard5 ,press on behalf ( ! publi%]s4 ,x is a lett] ( a clean1 light face1 & 9 _m ways might s]ve z a model = a book type = g5]al use4 ,! capital lett]s us$ 9 cont9u\s l9es1 z ,aldus & o!r great ,v5etians delight$ to use !m1 are especially *>m+4 ,mr4 ,horne's ,ricc>di ,press type 7pp4 #cc & #ce7 0 design$ = ! ,m$ici ,society1 & _m f9e editions1 among/ !m a ,horace1 ,malory's 8,morte ,d>?ur10 & 8,! ,cant]bury ,tales10 h be5 pr9t$ f x4 ,x is a little heavi] 9 face ?an its pr$ecessor1 ! 8,flor5ce10 & is a little fur!r remov$ f ! humani/ic "*4 ,! type has also be5 ca/ successfully 9 a small] size4 ,to ! numb] ( privately own$ f\nts ( type we mu/ add ! 8,ewell0 7p4 #cg71 design$ by ,mr4 ,d\glas ,cock]ell = ,messrs4 ,me?u5 & ,co41 :o w %ortly publi% ! fir/ book to be pr9t$ f x1 an edition ( ! 8,imitatio ,*ri/i40 ,x is a heavy b v graceful lett]1 bas$ on "o us$ by ! ,roman pr9t] ,da ,lignam9e4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ! privately own$ f\nts is ! 8,ott]0 ,greek type design$ by ! late ,mr4 ,rob]t ,proctor1 & %[n 9 ! page f ! ,odyssey pr9t$ on page #dc4 ,! ,greek lett] f :i* mo/ ( our s*ool classics are pr9t$ is a desc5dant ( ! cursive type introduc$ by ,aldus at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 & has ! m]it nei!r ( beauty nor ( cle>ness4 ,! majuscules are especially ugly1 be+ ne>ly always ( ! 8mod]n0 type :i* we owe to ,bodoni4 ,proctor took z 8 model ! f9e/ ( ! old ,greek f\nts1 :i* 0 t us$ 9 ! ,complut5sian ,polyglot pr9t$ 9 #aead4 ,among/ ! types sold by ! f\nd]s = g5]al use none h enjoy$ su* successive fav\r z ,caslon's 8,old-,face0 9 its v>i\s sizes2 & x is a spl5did tribute to ! excell5ce ( ?is lett] t at ?is day1 ne>ly two c5turies s9ce x 0 fir/ cut1 x is be+ us$ m ?an any o!r face ( type = pr9t+ f9e books4 ,?is ,special ,numb] ( ,! ,/udio is pr9t$ f ,caslon's 8,old-,face0 type1 z well z ! pages1 set up at ! ,c5tral ,s*ool ( ,arts & ,crafts1 :i* are %[n on pages #de & #dg4 ,! fame ( ,caslon's lett] br\ght o!r rivals into ! field besides ,bask]ville4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ,joseph ,fry1 a ,bri/ol physician1 :o took to lett]-f\nd+ 9 ! ye> #agfd1 & cut a s]ies ( type some:at l ,bask]ville's4 ,a few ye>s lat]1 h[ev]1 ! ,caslon "* seems aga9 to h recov]$ its old asc5dancy1 & ,fry put on ! m>ket a new s]ies 9 ackn[l$g$ imitation ( ,caslon's4 ,bo? ^! s]ies ( ,fry's h be5 reissu$ )9 ! la/ few ye>s by ,messrs4 ,/eph5son & ,blake1 ( ,%effield1 :o1 9 #aijf1 b\ght ! type-f\nd+ bus9ess ( ,sir ,*>les ,re$ & ,son1 to :om ,fry's bus9ess _h ev5tually come4 ,l ! reviv$ ,caslon 8,old-,face0 9 #ahdc1 ^! f\nts 7 ca/ f ! old matrices1 or f matrices /ruck f ! old pun*es1 s f> z ^! _h surviv$4 ,s9ce ! 8old-/yle0 f\nts 7 design$ ab\t ! middle ( la/ c5tury1 :at new book types h be5 ca/ by ! f\nd]s = use by ! pr9t+ trade g5]ally h z a rule be5 m]e v>iations ( lett] already 9 vogue4 ,! f\nd]s h drawn b little on ! weal? ( beautiful book types :i* 9 ! e>ly pr9t$ books ( ,italy are (f]$ to anyone :o has ! good ta/e & ! skill to adapt !m to mod]n ne$s4 ,messrs4 ,%anks & ,sons1 ! type-f\nd]s ( ,r$ ,lion ,squ>e1 h1 h[ev]1 gone to ?is s\rce = _! 8,dolph90 s]ies 7p4 #da71 :i* has _m features ( beauty to comm5d x4 ,x is bas$ on ,j5son's ,roman lett]1 some:at ?ick5$ 9 ! l9e4 ,! pun*es 7 cut by ,mr4 ,e4 ,p4 ,pr9ce1 :o also cut ! ,kelmscott type & _m o!rs ( ! private f\nts4 ,intellig5t /udy ( ,italian models also gives u ! 8,k5n]ley0 type 7p4 #ci71 design$ by ! ,am]ican ,mr4 ,g\dy1 :i* ,messrs4 ,caslon w %ortly put on ! ,engli% m>ket4 ,?is type is n 9 any s5se a copy ( e>ly lett]--x is orig9al2 b ,mr4 ,g\dy has /udi$ type design to su* good purpose t he has be5 able to re/ore to ! ,roman alphabet mu* ( t lo/ humani/ic "* :i* ! fir/ ,italian pr9t]s inh]it$ f _! pr$ecessors1 ! scribes ( ! e>ly ,r5aissance4 ,besides be+ beautiful 9 detail 8 type is beautiful 9 ! mass2 & ! lett]s :5 set into words seem to lock into "o ano!r ) a clos5ess :i* is common 9 ! lett] ( e>ly pr9t]s1 b is r>e 9 mod]n type4 ,! 8,k5n]ley0 type is q cle> to read & has few features :i* by _! /rang5ess are likely to wak5 ! prejudice ( ! mod]n read]4 ,s9ce ! fir/ ,caslon began ca/+ type ab\t ! ye> #agbd1 no su* excell5t lett] has be5 put )9 rea* ( ,engli% pr9t]s4 ,s l>ge is ! proportion ( books :i* are n[ set 9 type by ma*9]y t1 h[ev] mu* our sympa?ies may make u pref] ! h&-set book1 we _c b be conc]n$ = ! *>act]s us$ 9 ma*9e composition4 ,type set by ma*9]y g5]ally seems to be inf]ior 9 design to t set by h&2 b ! inf]iority is 9 ! ma9 accid5tal1 & is probably due to a less] degree ( te*nical skill %[n ei!r 9 ! design+ or 9 ! process ( pun*-cutt+1 :i* is itself done by ma*9]y4 ,"o or two admirable faces ( type h1 h[ev]1 be5 produc$ by ! ,lan/on ,monotype ,company = sett+ by ! monotype ma*9e4 ,"o ( ^! is ! 8,impr9t0 type1 adapt$ f "o ( ! f\nts us$ by ,*ri/oph] ,plant91 ! fam\s pr9t] ( ,antw]p1 9 ! late sixte5? c5tury4 ,! lett]s are bold & cle>1 & pages set 9 !m are bo? pleasant to look at & easy to read4 ,at ! same "t ! type is suffici5tly mod]n 9 "* n to (f5d by any features unfamili> to ! ord9>y read]4 ,no art c live by m]ely reviv+ & reproduc+ pa/ =ms1 & 9 review+ ! %>e tak5 by ! type-f\nd]s ( ! pa/ & ( ! pres5t 9 ! art ( ! book "o _c help consid]+ by :at means & f :at qu>t] good types are to be design$ & cut 9 ! future4 ,we h se5 t ! e>ly pr9t]s took _! inspiration f ! be/ ( ! contempor>y book-h&s4 ,! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 h[ev]1 kill$ ! art ( ! scribe1 & ) x p]i%$ ! s\rce :5ce dur+ ! ages pa/ life & beauty _h be5 giv5 to ! lett]s ( ! alphabet & to ! pages 9 :i* !y 7 ga!r$4 ,h5ce=? ! lett]s 7 ca/ 9 lead1 & !re 0 no influ5ce save ! =ce ( tradition to make or keep !m beautiful4 ,:atev] *ange !y und]w5t 0 = ! worse1 unless inde$ x 0 a m]e rev]sion to =ms or features :i* = a :ile _h be5 ab&on$4 ,consci\s ( ?is d[nw>d t5d5cy1 :i* he seems to look ^u z inevitable & irresi/ible1 ,mr4 ,gu?rie1 ( ! ,pe>-tree ,press at ,bognor1 has r5\nc$ type altoge!r1 & n[ pr9ts books1 l ,william ,blake1 f et*$ plates inscrib$ ) 8 own f9e book-h&4 ,su* a me?od is1 ( c\rse1 n practicable = ! va/ majority ( books1 ev5 if we 7 will+ to =go ! _m f9e qualities :i* are pres5t$ 9 a well-pr9t$ book4 ,nei!r is any su* c\nsel ( despair w>rant$1 = ( late ye>s ! art ( ! scribe itself has be5 r5ew$2 & mo/ read]s ( ,! ,/udio "k some?+ ( ! f9e "w done by ! s*ool ( calligraphy e/abli%$ "s t5 ye>s s9ce by ,mr4 ,edw>d ,john/on1 & /ill c>ri$ on by 8 pupil ,mr4 ,graily ,hewitt at ! ,c5tral ,s*ool ( ,arts & ,crafts 9 ,s\?ampton ,r[1 ,london4 ,may n ! pr9t] look to t s*ool z ! s\rce :5ce ! type-design] & type-f\nd] %all le>n to design & cut beautiful lett] = 8 books8 ,n inde$ t type-lett] %\ld be a m]e reproduction ( any writt5 h&2 r mu/ x be> nak$ly & %amelessly all ! qualities :i* ! /eel ( ! pun*-cutt] & ! metal f :i* x is ca/ impose ^u x4 ,x mu/ be easy to read z well z fair to look on1 & besides c>ry+ on ! traditions ( ! pa/ mu/ respect ! prejudices ( ! pres5t4 ,b only a calligraph] ^: eye & h& h be5 tra9$ to produce f9e lett] = ! special ne$s ( ! pr9t$ book c h k ( ! manifold subtleties ( su* lett] & p[] to provide = !m 9 ! ca/+ ( types4 ,if ! writ+ s*ools c turn out su* m51 !y w des]ve well ( all ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 ! art ( ! book4 ,t our hope ne$ n be va9 is %[n by ! fact t calligraph]s tra9$ 9 ! me?ods ( ! s*ool h gone to ,g]many1 & h !re pr(\ndly influ5c$ ! production ( mod]n types2 & ! supreme irony ( x all is t ,g]man type-f\nd]s are s5d+ to ,engl& new types :i* draw _! inspiration f a ,london s*ool ( :i* ! ,engli% & ,scotti% type-f\nd]s seem nev] ev5 to h he>d4 ,note--,9 ! c\rse ( ! prec$+ article ! writ] has _h occasion to ref] frequ5tly to ! type ( ,ni*olas ,j5son 9 its relation to ! mod]n ,briti% f\nts4 ,! ,editor has !re=e includ$ among/ ! examples %[n a page f ! 8,pl9y10 pr9t$ by ,j5son 9 #adgf1 = purposes ( comp>ison & ref]5ce4 ,x w be f\nd on page #ba4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ! ,tru/ees ( ! ,kelmscott ,press7 ,,kelmscott ,,press3 ,,page ,,f 8,,! ,,works ,,( ,,ge(frey ,,*auc]0 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! 8,,*auc]0 ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,william ,,morris4 ,,illu/ration ,,by ,,sir ,,edw>d ,,burne-,,jones1 ,,b>t41 ,,bord] ,,& ,,initial ,,lett] ,,by ,,william ,,morris ,illu/ration3 ,,kelmscott ,,press3 ,,page ,,f 8,,! ,,tale ,,( ,,be[ulf0 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! 8,,troy0 ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,william ,,morris 7,,reproduc$ ,,by ,,p]mission ,,( ,,! ,,tru/ees ,,( ,,! ,,kelmscott ,,press7 ,illu/ration3 ,,kelmscott ,,press3 ,,page ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! 8,,gold50 ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,william ,,morris 7,,reproduc$ ,,by ,,p]mission ,,( ,,! ,,tru/ees ,,( ,,! ,,kelmscott ,,press7 ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,f ,,! 8,,pl9y0 ,,pr9t$ ,,at ,,v5ice ,,by ,,nicolas ,,j5son ,,9 #adgf ,illu/ration3 ,,a%5d5e ,,press3 ,,page ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,great ,,prim] ,,type ,,modell$ ,,^u ,,! ,,type ,,us$ ,,by ,,sweynheim ,,& ,,pann>tz ,,at ,,subiaco ,,9 #adfe ,illu/ration3 ,,eragny ,,press3 ,,op5+ ,,page ,,( ,,! 8,,areopagitica0 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! 8,,brook0 ,,type1 ,,) ,,bord] ,,& ,,initial ,,lett] ,,design$ ,,by ,,luci5 ,,piss>ro ,illu/ration3 ,,eragny ,,press3 ,,pages ,,f 8,,songs ,,by ,,b5 ,,jonson0 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! 8,,brook0 ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,luci5 ,,piss>ro ,illu/ration3 ,,eragny ,,press3 ,,op5+ ,,page ,,( ,,col]idge',s 8,,*ri/abel0 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! 8,,brook0 ,,type1 ,,) ,,bord] ,,& ,,initial ,,lett] ,,design$ ,,by ,,luci5 ,,piss>ro ,illu/ration3 ,,flor5ce ,,press3 ,,page ,,f ,,boccaccio',s 8,,olympia0 ,,set ,,9 ,,engli% ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,h]b]t ,p4 ,,horne1 ,,& ,,pr9t$ ,,at ,,! ,,ard5 ,,press1 ,,let*wor?1 ,,= ,,messrs4 ,,*atto ,,& ,,w9dus ,illu/ration3 ,,ricc>di ,,press3 ,,page ,,f 8,,sonnets ,,( ,,%akespe>e0 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 #ad ,,& #aa ,,po9t ,,capitals ,,design$ ,,by ,,h]b]t ,p4 ,,horne4 ,,bord] ,,f ,,b]n>d ,,pictor ,,& ,,erh>dt ,,ratdolt',s 8,,appianus10 #adgg ,illu/ration3 ,,ricc>di ,,press3 ,,page ,,f ,,walt] ,,pat]',s 8,,m>ius ,,! ,,epicurean10 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 #aa ,,po9t ,,f\nt ,,design$ ,,by ,,h]b]t ,p4 ,,horne ,illu/ration3 ,,ab]de5 ,,univ]sity ,,press3 ,,page ,,f ,,! 8,,de ,,imitatione ,,*ri/i0 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! 8,,ewell0 ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,d\glas ,,cock]ell ,,= ,,messrs4 ,,me?u5 ,,& ,,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! 8,,k5n]ley0 ,,type1 #ad ,,po9t1 ,,design$ ,,by ,,fr$]ick ,w4 ,,g\dy ,,& ,,ca/ ,,by ,h4 ,w4 ,,caslon ,,& ,,co4 ,,ltd4 ,,initial ,,lett] ,,by ,,paul ,,woodr(fe1 ,,l5t ,,by ,,! ,,ard5 ,,press ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! 8,,dolph9 ,,old ,,/yle0 ,,type1 #ab ,,po9t ,,design$ ,,& ,,ca/ ,,by ,p4 ,m4 ,,%anks ,,& ,,sons ,illu/ration3 ,,ox=d ,,univ]sity ,,press3 ,,page ,,f ,,! 8,,odyssey10 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! 8,,ott]0 ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,rob]t ,w4 ,,proctor ,illu/ration3 ,,london ,,c\nty ,,c\ncil ,,c5tral ,,s*ool ,,( ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts3 ,,page ,,f ,,edmund ,,sp5s]',s 8,,f\r ,,hymns ,,on ,,e>?ly ,,& ,,heav5ly ,,love ,,& ,,beauty0 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,caslon ,,type4 ,,woodcut ,,initial ,,by ,w4 ,f4 ,,nor!nd1 ,,/ud5t ,illu/ration3 ,,london ,,c\nty ,,c\ncil ,,c5tral ,,s*ool ,,( ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts3 ,,page ,,f 8,,aucass9 ,,& ,,nicolette10 ,,9 ,,old ,,fr5*1 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,caslon ,,type1 ,,) ,,decorative ,,head+ ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,page ,,by ,,walt] ,,crane ,,= ,,! ,,fir/ ,,book ,,( 8,,! ,,fa]ie ,,que5e0 7,,size ,,( ,,orig9al ,,wood-,,engrav+ #aj #g ,,in*es7 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,george ,all5 & ,co4 ,ltd47 ,illu/ration3 7,reproduc$ by p]mission ( ,messrs4 ,george ,all5 & ,co4 ,ltd47 ,,full-,,page ,,illu/ration ,,by ,,walt] ,,crane ,,= ,,! ,,fir/ ,,book ,,( 8,,! ,,fa]ie ,,que5e40 7,,size ,,( ,,orig9al ,,wood-,,engrav+ #i #g ,,in*es7 ,illu/ration3 ,,book ,,op5+ ,,design$ ,,by ,,p]cy ,j4 ,,smi? ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,a ,,title-,,page ,,by ,,reg9ald ,l4 ,,kn[les4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,messrs4 ,,george ,,r\tl$ge ,,& ,,sons1 ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,reigate ,,press3 ,,title ,,& ,,op5+ ,,pages ,,design$ ,,by ,w4 ,,b]n>d ,,ad5ey ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,page ,,op5+ ,,( ,,! ,,fiction ,,section ,,( 8,,ev]yman',s ,,libr>y0 ,,design$ ,,by ,,reg9ald ,l4 ,,kn[les ,,= ,,messrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,sons ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,page ,,op5+ ,,( ,,! ,,poetry ,,section ,,( 8,,ev]yman',s ,,libr>y0 ,,design$ ,,by ,,reg9ald ,l4 ,,kn[les ,,= ,,messrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,sons ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 8,,fell[%ip0 ,,book4 ,,title ,,& ,,op5+ ,,pages ,,design$ ,,by ,,james ,,gu?rie ,,lett]+ ,,by ,,p]cy ,j4 ,,smi?4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,messrs4 ,b4 ,t4 ,,bats=d ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,frontispiece ,,to ,,aym] ,,vallance',s 8,,old ,,colleges ,,( ,,ox=d0 ,,design$ ,,by ,,h>old ,,nelson ,,f ,,sugge/ions ,,by ,,aym] ,,vallance ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,messrs4 ,b4 ,t4 ,,bats=d ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,page ,,design$ ,,by ,,*>les ,,rob9son ,,= ,,messrs ,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,sons ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,page ,,design$ ,,by ,,aubrey ,,be>dsley ,,= ,,messrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,sons ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,illu/ration ,,& ,,page ,,( ,,text ,,f 8,,rob9 ,,hood ,,ballads40 ,,design$ ,,by ,r4 ,,james ,,williams4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,v9c5t ,,press ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,a ,,title-,,page4 ,,by ,,?omas ,,d]rick4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,messrs4 ,,siegle1 ,,hill ,,& ,,co4 ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,page ,,& ,,page ,,( ,,text ,,design$ ,,by ,j4 ,,walt] ,,we/ ,illu/ration3 ,,cuala ,,press3 ,,page ,,design$ ,,by ,,*>les ,,brai?waite ,,f9e ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,engl&4 ,,by ,,d\glas ,,cock]ell ,f9e or 8extra0 b9d+ z x is call$ 9 ! trade implies t ! craftsman has done 8 be/ ) ! be/ mat]ials4 ,x may be pla9 or decorat$1 b :atev] "w !re is %\ld be ! be/ ( :i* ! craftsman is capable4 ,pr9t$ books are l>gely ma*9e-made productions1 & x w\ld seem reasonable t ma*9e-made books %\ld h ma*9e-made cov]s1 & x is 9 su* cov]s or 8cases0 t mo/ ( our books are issu$4 ,!re is a g5]al feel+ t ! co/ ( ! b9d+ %\ld be> "s relation to ! co/ ( ! book2 b s9ce books are turn$ out by ! ?\s& f ! pr9t+ press1 & f9e b9d+s c only be made s+ly & labori\sly by h&1 x is inevitable t 9 mo/ cases su* a b9d+ co/s mu* m ?an ! book x cov]s4 ,?is has probably be5 ! case s9ce ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ *eap5$ books1 & yet !re h always be5 p :o valu$ c]ta9 books highly en\gh to h !m well b\nd & decorat$4 ,= a true book-lov] does n value a book at ! price x co/s1 & he may wi% to h ! words ( a fav\rite au?or en%r9$ 9 a preci\s cov]4 ,"s books by _! nature & use call = lavi% treatm5t4 ,books us$ = important c]emonies1 su* z alt> books or lect]n ,bibles1 c q well be cov]$ ) ornam5t1 provid$ ?is ornam5t is good4 ,!y w be b a spot ( gorge\sness 9 a great *ur* or ca!dral1 & %\ld be judg$ 9 relation to _! surr\nd+s & n z isolat$ articles4 ,!re is a fa%ion n[ to value decoration 9 inv]se ratio to its quantity1 & dem& t x %\ld be conc5trat$ on spots1 leav+ ! great] "p ( ! surface ( articles b>e4 ,?is is q a reasonable way to treat a b9d+1 b x is n ! only way4 ,a satisfactory b9d+ c be made ) little or no ornam5t1 & !re is !n little fe> ( a disa/r\s failure4 ,to cov] a book all ov] ) gold-tool$ decoration is a m difficult ?+ to d satisfactorily1 b x c be done1 &1 if well done1 is well wor? do+4 ,at ! pres5t "t !re are _m b9d]s work+ 9 ,engl& :o are capable ( turn+ out "w ( ! highe/ class1 & =tunately !re are book-lov]s "h & 9 ,am]ica ) ! ta/e & means to commission su* "w4 ,probably1 if a man 7 bold en\gh to sp5d five or t5 ?\s& p\nds on b9d+ ! f9e/ books t are be+ produc$ at ! pres5t "t1 he w\ld f9d1 if ! money 7 wisely sp5t1 t he _h got a libr>y t w\ld be celebrat$ all ov] ! _w4 ,!re is an int]e/+ revival 9 ! use ( arms-blocks on b9d+s1 & :5 c]ta9 mod]n libr>ies come to be disp]s$ _! own]s w be rememb]$ by _! books 9 ! same way z are ! orig9al own]s ( ! _m armorial b9d+s t h come d[n to u f ! pa/4 ,!re are "s qualities t are common to all well-b\nd books4 ,( c\rse abnormal books h to be treat$ specially1 b x may g5]ally be said t e leaf ( a book %\ld op5 "r to ! back4 ,?is means t all s+le leaves & plates %\ld be atta*$ by gu>ds1 & t no ov]ca/+ or pa/+-9 %\ld be all[$1 & x also means t ! back %\ld be truly flexible4 ,! sections %\ld be sewn to flexible cords or tapes1 ! ends ( ^! %\ld be firmly atta*$ to ! bo>ds1 & ! back %\ld be cov]$ ) "s flexible mat]ial1 su* z lea!r1 :i*1 :ile protect+ ! sew+-?read or cord1 %all itself add to ! /r5g? ( ! b9d+4 ,a f9e b9d+ w h _m o!r features add$ by way ( ref9em5t or elaboration1 b unless x has ^! qualities x is likely to be an unsatisfactory piece ( "w4 ,a well-b\nd book %\ld op5 well & /ay op51 & %ut well & /ay %ut4 ,! b9d] c b9d any book s t x w n op51 b !re are "s books t he _c b9d s t !y w op5 & %ut 8sweetly40 ,bookb9d+ is only "o "p ( ! l>g] craft ( book production1 & to obta9 a p]fect book x is necess>y t ! work]s 9 ea* bran* ( ! craft %\ld h a common ideal ( :at a book %\ld be1 & t ea* %\ld d 8 "p 9 su* a way t ?is ideal may be atta9$4 ,un=tunately x too (t5 happ5s t ! pr9t]s are q cont5t if _! pr9t+ looks p]fect z x comes f ! press1 ) ! result--?r\gh errors 9 ! *oice ( pap] or ! numb] ( leaves to a section--t ! bookb9d] has unnecess>y & sometimes unsurm\ntable ob/acles put 9 8 way4 ,a book t w n op5 freely & t gapes l a dead oy/] :5 x ought to be %ut is n pleasant to use1 & :5 ^! faults are notic$ ! b9d] g5]ally gets ! blame4 ,sometimes he des]ves ! blame1 = ! fault may be 81 b m (t5 ?an n ! fault lies ) ! pap]4 ,to op5 a book a c]ta9 numb] ( leaves ( pap] mu/ be b5t1 & if ! pap] is s /iff t a s+le leaf w n fall ov] by its own weight1 ! book _c be made to op5 q satisfactorily if b\nd 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,by sw++ ea* leaf on a gu>d x is possible to b9d a pack ( play+-c>ds into some?+ l a book :i* w op5 & %ut freely1 b t ?is c be done is no excuse = ! production ( books :i* necessitate ?is dra/ic treatm5t be=e !y c be b\nd satisfactorily4 ,william ,morris1 :5 he f\nd$ ! ,kelmscott ,press1 did m ?an revive f9e book-pr9t+2 he e/abli%$ a tradition = books t 7 em95tly b9dable1 & ! presses t foll[$ 8 lead kept up ! tradition2 s t we h 9 ,engl& a l>ge numb] ( beautifully pr9t$ books t are wor?y ( ! be/ b9d+1 & t impose no unnecess>y difficulties on ! b9d]4 ,mr4 ,cobd5-,s&]son did mu* to revive ! use ( ! tight or flexible back4 ,9 ?is /yle ! lea!r is atta*$ directly to ! back ( ! sections1 & s helps to hold !m firmly toge!r4 ,all lea!r-b\nd books _h tight backs until ab\t a hundr$ ye>s ago1 :5 ! holl[ back came into g5]al use4 ,a tight back %\ld ?r[ up :5 ! book is op5$2 t is to say ! back1 convex :5 ! book is %ut1 %\ld become concave on ! book be+ op5$4 ,?is causes a c]ta9 am\nt ( creas+ 9 ! lea!r1 & ?is creas+ is n good = gold tool+2 b ) a well-b\nd book ! damage is n s]i\s1 & important con/ructional features mu/ n be sacrific$ = ! sake ( ! decoration4 ,! holl[ back does n crease ! lea!r1 & s is pref]r$ by f9i%]s1 & besides x is easi] to cov] a holl[ back neatly ?an a tight "o2 b ! /ra9 ( op5+ & %utt+1 :i* %\ld be di/ribut$ ev5ly across ! back1 is 9 ! holl[ back ?r[n on ! jo9ts1 ) ! result t ! lea!r is apt to break at ^! places unless specially /r5g!n$1 z is ! case ) well-b\nd acc\nt books4 ,:ile 8flexible0 backs t are truly flexible are und\bt$ly ! be/1 "s b9d]s l9e up _! backs s /iffly "u ! lea!r z to all[ little or no movem5t :5 ! book is op5$4 ,?is avoids ! creas+ ( ! lea!r & leaves ! decoration un9jur$1 b ! book w n op5 freely1 & !re is no virtue 9 su* a tight back4 ,lea!r is *os5 = b9d+ because ( its t\ghness & flexibility1 yet b9d]s delib]ately sacrifice ?is la/ quality 9 ord] to obta9 extreme neatness or to hide faults 9 ! =w>d+4 ,x is ! fa%ion 9 "s qu>t]s to admire z ! p]fection ( craftsman%ip an exact & h>d squ>e edge to ! bo>ds ( a book4 ,?is c only be got by p>+ ! lea!r d[n till x is z ?9 z pap] & has consequ5tly v little /r5g?4 ,a s(t]1 r\nd] edge is natural to a lea!r-cov]$ article1 & x is unreasonable to expect ! qualities ( a newly plan$ bo>d 9 a mat]ial s :olly diff]5t 9 "*4 ,! edges ( ! lea!r-cov]$ bo>d %\ld h a di/9ctly flat face1 & clums9ess w be avoid$ by any good craftsman4 ,x is only ! extreme %>pness1 s mu* admir$ by unkn[+ p1 t is objectionable4 ,9 ! treatm5t ( ! edges ( ! leaves fa%ion has gone to two extremes3 "s book-lov]s dem& t ! edges %\ld be entirely uncut1 :ile o!rs require !m to look l a solid piece ( metal4 ,! r\gh edges1 or 8deckle10 on h&made pap] is a necess>y defect due to ! way ! pap] is made4 ,^! r\gh edges 7 always trimm$ (f by ! e>ly b9d]s because !y 7 unsightly1 difficult to turn ov]1 & h>b\r$ du/4 ,"s ( ! %ort] leaves w\ld usually be left untrimm$4 ,su* %ort leaves are kn[n 9 ! trade z 8pro(10 i4e4 pro( t ! book has n be5 unduly cut d[n4 ,to gild a book-edge absolutely solid ! b9d] mu/ cut d[n to ! %orte/ leaves & s (t5 has to r$uce ! size ( ! book unreasonably2 b an acceptable compromise betwe5 entirely uncut edges & solid gild+ c be arriv$ at if ! sections ( a book to be f9ely b\nd are trimm$ s+ly & gilt 89 ! r\gh0 be=e sew+4 ,?is enri*es ! edges b does n disguise _! nature nor necessitate _! be+ unduly cropp$4 ,9 rec5t times !re has be5 mu* good "w done 9 ,engl& 9 ! inve/igation ( bookb9d+ mat]ials4 ,! ,royal ,society ( ,arts ,committee on 8,lea!r = ,bookb9d+0 has e/abli%$ /&>ds ( lea!r t h made x possible = b9d]s to procure sk9s t are un9jur$ 9 ! process ( manufacture1 & bookb9d+ lea!r ( ! v highe/ class is n[ be+ produc$ 9 ,engl&4 ,! lea!r manufactur]s are able to dye lea!r any reasonable %ade )\t ! use ( sulphuric acid1 & x is only "s ( ! light] fancy col\rs t are unprocurable 9 8acid free0 lea!r4 ,t ^! 8fancy0 %ades are unprocurable 9 un9jur$ lea!r is a di/9ct ga91 z !y mo/ly fade1 & books b\nd 9 su* lea!r seldom look z if !y 7 int5d$ to be us$4 ,!re are v>i\s ways by :i* lea!r-b\nd books may be decorat$1 b tool+1 ei!r 9 gold or bl9d1 is by f> ! commone/1 & x is tool$ b9d+s t we are consid]+ "h4 8,bl9d0 tool+ is ! impression ( hot tools on ! lea!r4 ,! mo/ satisfactory tools = bl9d "w are ^? cut die-sunk l a seal4 ,^!1 by depress+ ! gr\nd1 leave ! ornam5t 9 relief4 ,tools = gold "w are cut s t ! ornam5t ) ! gold is depress$ bel[ ! surface ( ! lea!r4 ,^! tools may be us$ )\t gold1 b bl9d tool+ produc$ 9 ?is way has little ( ! "* associat$ ) ?is "w :5 x 0 at its be/1 i4e4 up to ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,gold-tool+ came to ,europe f ! ,ea/1 & pres]v$ a tradition ( ,ea/]n design = a v long p]iod4 ,! ,engli% gold-tool$ b9d+s ( ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies are (t5 /rangely ,ea/]n 9 ! /yle ( ! decoration4 ,! ornam5tation ( f9e b9d+s rea*$ almo/ its l[e/ ebb 9 ,engl& ab\t ! middle ( la/ c5tury4 ,( te*nical skill !re 0 nev] any lack1 b decoration _h lo/ vitality1 & ! ornam5tal b9d+s ( ?is "t are = ! mo/ "p copies or p>odies ( ! "w ( e>li] b9d]s4 ,william ,morris design$ a few v beautiful gold-tool$ b9d+s :i* 7 cov]$ all ov] ) ! impressions ( tools1 ea* "o ( :i* repres5t$ a complete plant4 ,8 fri5d1 ,mr4 ,cobd5-,s&]son1 :o gave up ! practice ( ! law to le>n ! b9d]'s craft1 produc$ books t are unsurpass$ 9 ! delicate beauty ( _! decoration4 ,be=e 8 "t !re _h be5 few attempts to comb9e tools to =m organic patt]ns4 ,mr4 ,cobd5-,s&]son's tools 7 v elem5t>y 9 "*1 ea* fl[]1 leaf or bud be+ ! impression ( a sep>ate tool4 ,^! impressions 7 comb9$ 9 su* a way z to give a s5se ( gr[?1 & yet 9 no way ov]lapp$ ! traditional limitations & conv5tions ( ! craft4 ,mr4 ,cobd5-,s&]son got 8 results by %e] g5ius 9 ! "r use ( simple elem5ts4 ,he us$ inlays v sp>+ly1 & 8 f9e/ b9d+s dep5d entirely on ! effect ( gold on lea!r4 ,! /yle ( design :i* he f\nd$ has spread ?r\gh\t ! trade1 ma9ly ?r\gh ! tea*+ at ! v>i\s te*nical s*ools1 & x is n[ comp>atively r>e to f9d an elaborate b9d+ ( rec5t date )\t "s attempt hav+ be5 made to connect ! tools s t !y toge!r =m an organic :ole4 ,! use ( composite tools 7t is1 tools :i* =m a :ole design 9 !mselves & d n be> any def9ite relation%ip to "o ano!r7 is n[ re/rict$ to *eap b9d+s4 ,! corn]s & c5tres on ! backs ( s*ool prizes are famili>1 if degrad$1 examples ( ! use ( su* tools4 ,toge!r ) ! ,cobd5-,s&]son /yle ( decoration !re has be5 a m>k$ revival ( ! use ( int]lacem5t 9 gold-tool$ designs4 ,int]lac$ gold l9es1 if n s intricate z to be bewild]+1 may be v beautiful1 b 9 ?is1 z 9 mo/ o!r crafts1 ! highly-skill$ workman loves to attempt ! almo/ impossible1 & "s ( ! rec5t int]lac$ patt]ns fail on acc\nt ( _! ov]-elaboration & consequ5t re/lessness4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,ricketts design$ "s v notable gold-tool$ b9d+s = ! ,vale ,press4 ,^! b9d+s h h>dly receiv$ ! att5tion !y des]ve1 & ! /yle has n spread to any ext5t1 possibly because ,mr4 ,ricketts' ref9em5t & delicacy 9 ! use ( f9e l9es are n easy to acquire4 ,^! b9d+s h an ar*itectural quality t places !m 9 a class by !mselves4 ,mr4 ,cobd5-,s&]son & ,mr4 ,ricketts1 9 _! entirely diff]5t /yles1 h %[n t gold-tool+ may be extremely beautiful z decoration )\t ov]/epp+ ! traditional limits ( ! craft1 & 9 ! case ( ! mo/ successful b9d+s n[ be+ produc$ ^! traditional limits h be5 recognis$4 ,gold-tool+ is by its nature a limit$ means ( expression1 ?\gh exactly :]e ! limits lie mu/ be a matt] ( feel+ & ta/e r ?an ( k4 ,c]ta9ly 9 "s ( ! elaborate b9d+s n[ be+ produc$ ! limits ( ! craft h be5 pass$1 & :ile s]v+ to %[ amaz+ dext]ity on ! "p ( ! f9i%]1 ^! b9d+s are less successful arti/ically ?an _m t are less ambiti\s 9 te*nique4 ,!re is no cle>ly m>k$ s*ool ( bl9d-tool+ at pres5t1 ?\gh "h & !re ! me?od has be5 us$ ) success4 ,mr4 ,william ,morris design$ a notable b9d+ 9 :ite pigsk9 = ! ,kelmscott 8,*auc]40 ,_m copies 7 s b\nd at ! ,doves ,b9d]y1 b mo/ ( ! attempts t h be5 made to c>ry out "w 9 ! same /yle h be5 comp>atively unsuccessful4 ,!re h be5 a good _m ef=ts made to revive modell$ lea!r-"w z a means ( decorat+ books1 b al?\gh ?is me?od is capable ( produc+ v f9e results1 mo/ ( ! b9d+ 9 modell$ lea!r %[n 9 rec5t exhibitions _c be said to be successful4 ,any "w t has to be done on ! lea!r be=e ! book is b\nd is almo/ doom$ to failure1 because lea!r :i* is modell$ be=e b9d+ _c be h&l$ by ! b9d] ) ! fre$om t is necess>y if he is to make a workmanlike job ( ! cov]+4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 possible to put q suffici5t relief 9 modell$ lea!r aft] a book is b\nd1 if ! lea!r be reasonably ?ick2 inde$ high relief = mo/ books is objectionable4 ,_m ( ! old b9d+s _h f9e metal m\nts & clasps4 ,if clasps are us$ on mod]n books1 z a rule !y %\ld be flu% ) ! sides1 s z n to scrat* _! neighb\rs :5 tak5 9 & out ( %elves4 ,rais$ clasps & bosses are only suitable = books t are expect$ to /& p]man5tly on a lect]n4 ,9 criticis+ decorat$ b9d+s !re is a dang] ( fall+ into ! common error ( g5]alis+ f isolat$ in/ances4 ,y _c put too mu* ornam5t on a ?+ z small z a bookcov] if ! ornam5t is good en\gh4 ,a book well b\nd 9 beautiful lea!r may be p]fectly satisfactory & beautiful by virtue ( good workman%ip1 f9e mat]ial & col\r4 ,a b9d+ cov]$ ) f9e gold-tool+ may be j z re/ful & f> m beautiful1 b :ile !re is comp>atively little scope = failure 9 ! pla9 b9d+1 !re are appall+ pitfalls if ! cov] be lavi%ly decorat$4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 all sorts ( degrees ( decoration betwe5 an absolutely pla9 b9d+ & "o cov]$ entirely ) gold1 b !re are "s qualities common to mo/ successful tool$ ornam5t4 ,!re are few b9d+s t are q successful unless ! ornam5t is arrang$ on a symmetrical plan4 ,any attempt to portray l&scape1 human figures or naturali/ic fl[]s is almo/ doom$ to failure4 ,gold-tool+ is n a suitable m$ium = r5d]+ su* subjects4 ,lett]+ %\ld be well design$ & free f ecc5tricities4 ,! problem ( lett]+ a long title across a n>r[ back may necessitate unga9ly break+ ( words1 b :]e ?is is done x %\ld only be done f obvi\s necessity1 & ! reasonable necessity = ?is fault %\ld be app>5t4 ,to lett] books 9 type s small z to be q illegible1 lett]+ t looks f a %ort di/ance l a gold l9e1 is m unreasonable ?an almo/ any break+ ( words t all[s ! use ( lett]s ( a l>g] size4 ,f9e b9d+ is an exp5sive luxury b n an unreasonable "o comp>$ ) _m o!rs4 ,we h n[ 9 ,engl& a s*ool ( really f9e b9d+1 & ! mo/ reasonable & unobjectionable =m t luxury c take is ! use ( beautiful ?+s 9 ev]yday life4 ,if a book is well b\nd & well decorat$ x is fit to use1 & 9 *oos+ a book to be exp5sively b\nd x w\ld be bett] to *oose ! book mo/ (t5 us$ ?an "o :i* w\ld be put away unop5$4 ,mo/ f9e b9d+s w\ld be greatly improv$ by use1 & ! reasonable us+ ( !m w\ld give imm5se pleasure1 a pleasure t w\ld ju/ify ! b9d]'s c>e & tr\ble & ! pur*as]'s outlay4 ,! use ( a beautiful ?+ gives a f> high] =m ( pleasure ?an does ! m]e s5se ( own]%ip4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,blue ,,pigsk91 ,,) ,,h]aldic ,,bord] ,,enclos+ ,a ,,panel ,,( ,,floral ,,design ,,& ,,backgr\nd ,,( ,,po9till4 ,,by ,,ka?>9e ,,adams ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,) ,,geometrical ,,bord] ,,9 ,,po9till ,,by ,,ka?>9e ,,adams ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,br[n ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay1 ,,gold ,,tool+1 ,,oak ,,sides ,,& ,,lea!r ,,clasps4 ,,design$ ,,& ,,tool$ ,,by ,l4 ,,hay-,,coop] ,,=w>d$ ,,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,smi? ,,& ,,son 7,9 ! possession ( ! ,grey ,coat ,hospital1 ,we/m9/]7 ,illu/ration3 7,9 ! possession ( ,lambe? ,p>i% ,*ur*7 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,design$ ,,& ,,tool$ ,,by ,l4 ,,hay-,,coop]1 ,,b\nd ,,by ,s4 ,,b>n>d ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,:ole ,,cru%$ ,,crimson ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,velluc5t ,,panels ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,design$ ,,by ,h4 ,,granville ,,fell1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,,c$ric ,,*iv]s ,,( ,,ba? ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,donkey ,,hide1 ,,) ,,velluc5t ,,panel ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,design$ ,,by ,o4 ,,c>leton ,,smy?1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,,c$ric ,,*iv]s ,,( ,,ba? ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,nig] ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,r4 ,,de ,,cov]ly ,,& ,,sons ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,apple-,,gre5 ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,bl9d ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,r4 ,,de ,,cov]ly ,,& ,,sons ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,,d\glas ,,cock]ell 7,photo4 l5t by ,mons4 ,emile ,lvy7 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,,d\glas ,,cock]ell 7,photo4 l5t by ,mons4 ,emile ,lvy7 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,d\glas ,,cock]ell ,illu/ration3 7,photo4 l5t by ,mons4 ,emile ,lvy7 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,d>k ,,r$ ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,d\glas ,,cock]ell ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,r$ ,,nig] ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,,frank ,g4 ,,g>rett ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,vellum1 ,,) ,,gold ,,& ,,gre5 ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,frank ,g4 ,,g>rett ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,mauve ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,hon4 ,,norah ,,hewitt ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,sage ,,gre5 ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,hon4 ,,norah ,,hewitt ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,p[d] ,,blue ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,hon4 ,,norah ,,hewitt ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,nig] ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,hon4 ,,norah ,,hewitt ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,r$ ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,design$ ,,by ,j4 ,,gre51 ,,execut$ ,,by ,s4 ,,t\t 7,,ox=d ,,univ]sity ,,press7 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,blue ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,design$ ,,by ,t4 ,,turbayne1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,j4 ,,gre5 7,,ox=d ,,univ]sity ,,press7 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,m>oon ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlaid ,,panel4 ,,design$ ,,by ,j4 ,,gre51 ,,execut$ ,,by ,p4 ,,w>d 7,,ox=d ,,univ]sity ,,press7 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,design$ ,,by ,t4 ,,turbayne1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,p4 ,,w>d 7,,ox=d ,,univ]sity ,,press7 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,purple ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,design$ ,,by ,e4 ,,sp>kes ,,execut$ ,,by ,j4 ,,gre5 7,,ox=d ,,univ]sity ,,press7 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,design$ ,,by ,j4 ,,gre5 ,,execut$ ,,by ,p4 ,,w>d 7,,ox=d ,,univ]sity ,,press7 ,illu/ration3 ,,tool$ ,,lea!r ,,bookb9d+4 ,,by ,s4 ,t4 ,,prideaux ,illu/ration3 ,,tool$ ,,lea!r ,,bookb9d+4 ,,by ,s4 ,t4 ,,prideaux ,illu/ration3 ,,tool$ ,,lea!r ,,bookb9d+4 ,,by ,s4 ,t4 ,,prideaux ,illu/ration3 ,,tool$ ,,lea!r ,,bookb9d+4 ,,by ,s4 ,t4 ,,prideaux ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,sealsk91 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,,m>y ,e4 ,,rob9son ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,cru%$ ,,gre5 ,,levant ,,morocco ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,alice ,,patt9son 7,,mrs4 ,,raymund ,,all57 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,cru%$ ,,d>k ,,blue ,,levant ,,morocco ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,alice ,,patt9son 7,,mrs4 ,,raymund ,,all57 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,:ite ,,pigsk91 ,,) ,,bl9d ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,,sybil ,,pye ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,:ite ,,pigsk91 ,,) ,,bl9d ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,,sybil ,,pye ,illu/ration3 ,,d\blure ,,9 ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,po9till ,,& ,,inlay ,,by ,,rob]t ,,rivi]e ,,& ,,son ,illu/ration3 ,,fly-,,leaf ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,po9till ,,& ,,inlay ,,by ,,rob]t ,,rivi]e ,,& ,,son ,illu/ration3 ,,d\blure ,,9 ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,rob]t ,,rivi]e ,,& ,,son ,illu/ration3 ,,fly-,,leaf ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,f4 ,,sangorski ,,& ,g4 ,,sutcliffe ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,blue ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,f4 ,,sangorski ,,& ,g4 ,,sutcliffe ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,blue ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,f4 ,,sangorski ,,& ,g4 ,,sutcliffe ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,f4 ,,sangorski ,,& ,g4 ,,sutcliffe ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,br[n ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,f4 ,,sangorski ,,& ,g4 ,,sutcliffe ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,blue ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,f4 ,,sangorski ,,& ,g4 ,,sutcliffe ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,f4 ,,sangorski ,,& ,g4 ,,sutcliffe ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,olive ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,c5tre ,,panel ,,( ,,r$ ,,inlay4 ,,by ,a4 ,,de ,,sauty ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,olive ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,a4 ,,de ,,sauty ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,blue ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,,sir ,,edw>d ,,sullivan1 ,,b>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,p9k ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,,sir ,,edw>d ,,sullivan1 ,,b>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,blue ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,sir ,,edw>d ,,sullivan1 ,,b>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,yell[ ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,zaehnsdorf ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,olive ,,gre5 ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,zaehnsdorf ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,blue ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,zaehnsdorf ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,zaehnsdorf ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,blue ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,zaehnsdorf ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,blue ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,zaehnsdorf ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,engli% ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,b\nd ,,by ,b4 ,,b5koski1 ,,decorat$ ,,by ,w4 ,f4 ,,mat!ws 7,l4,c4,c4 ,,c5tral ,,s*ool ,,( ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts7 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,b\nd ,,by ,s4 ,h4 ,,cole1 ,,decorat$ ,,by ,w4 ,h4 ,,giff>d 7,l4,c4,c4 ,,c5tral ,,s*ool ,,( ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts7 ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+-,,case ,,design$ ,,by ,,laur5ce ,,h\sman ,,= ,,mr4 ,,john ,,lane ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+-,,case ,,design$ ,,by ,,w ,,bradley ,,= ,,mr4 ,,john ,,lane ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+-,,case ,,design$ ,,by ,,reg9ald ,l4 ,,kn[les ,,= ,,messrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,sons ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+-,,case ,,design$ ,,by ,,reg9ald ,l4 ,,kn[les ,,= ,,messrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,sons ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+-,,case ,,design$ ,,by ,,reg9ald ,l4 ,,kn[les ,,= ,,messrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,sons ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+-,,case ,,design$ ,,by ,,reg9ald ,l4 ,,kn[les ,,= ,,messrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,sons ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+-,,case ,,design$ ,,by ,r4 ,p4 ,,gossop ,,= ,,messrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,sons ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,,cov] ,,( 8,,! ,,woman ,,:o ,,did0 ,,by ,,aubrey ,,be>dsley ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,,title-,,page ,,( 8,,pagan ,,pap]s0 ,,by ,,aubrey ,,be>dsley 7,by p]mission ( ,mr4 ,john ,lane7 ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,,cov] ,,( 8,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,lov]s0 ,,by ,,aubrey ,,be>dsley ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,= ,,cov] ,,( 8,,nobody',s ,,fault0 ,,by ,,aubrey ,,be>dsley 7,by p]mission ( ,mr4 ,john ,lane7 ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+-,,case ,,design ,,by ,,reg9ald ,l4 ,,kn[les ,,= ,,messrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,sons ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+-,,case ,,design ,,by ,,reg9ald ,l4 ,,kn[les ,,= ,,messrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,sons ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,end-,,pap] ,,design ,,by ,,reg9ald ,l4 ,,kn[les ,,= 8,,ev]yman',s ,,libr>y40 ,,= ,,messrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,d5t ,,& ,,sons ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 8,,! ,,haunt ,,( ,,! ,,troll0--,,end-,,pap] ,,design ,,by ,,reg9ald ,l4 ,,kn[les ,,= 8,,tales ,,f ,,! ,,norse40 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,messrs4 ,,george ,,r\tl$ge ,,& ,,sons1 ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,end-,,pap] ,,design ,,by ,h4 ,,granville ,,fell ,,= ,,messrs4 ,,george ,,newnes1 ,,ltd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bord]1 ,,initial ,,lett]s1 ,,& ,,headpiece ,,design$ ,,by ,r4 ,,james ,,williams4 ,,= ,,! ,,v9c5t ,,press ,illu/ration3 ,,initial ,,lett]s ,,design$ ,,by ,r4 ,,james ,,williams4 ,,= ,,! ,,v9c5t ,,press ,illu/ration3 8,,co,,te ,,que ,,co,,te0--,,decorative ,,draw+ ,,by ,r4 ,,james ,,williams ,,g]many ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,book ,,9 ,,g]many4 ,,by ,l4 ,,deubn] 8,lett]press pr9t+1 ev5 9 ! edition de luxe1 is n an art1 & nei!r ! compositor nor ! pr9t] is an arti/40 ,?is is :at 0 writt5 9 ! ye> #ahhg by ,ludwig ,niep]1 at t "t ,director ( :at is n[ ! ,royal ,academy ( ! ,graphic ,arts & ,book ,indu/ry at ,leipzig1 a city :i* 9 ! pres5t ye> has 9 its ,int]national ,exhibition1 embrac+ e conceivable aspect ( ! indu/ry z well z ! arts mo/ closely b\nd up ) x1 furni%$ su* a conv9c+ & impressive demon/ration ( ! culture unit+ ! nations z p]haps has nev] be5 (f]$ be=e4 ,! conviction express$ 9 ! passage j quot$1 repudiat+ ! exi/5ce ( any influ5ce ( art on indu/rial lab\r1 belongs to a p]iod b]eft ( any real feel+ = art & cont5t ) ! imitation & repetition ( hi/oric /yles :ile es*ew+ any contact ) ! practical requirem5ts ( ! indu/ry4 ,n[adays we "k h[ b5eficial & fruitful = bo? has be5 ! reciprocal influ5ce ( art & indu/ry 9 e sph]e ( activity1 & t only by ?is means h we be5 able to proce$ f m]e ext]nal embelli%m5t to arti/ic =m1 f book adornm5t to a true art ( ! book4 ,?us 9 ! space ( b>ely tw5ty-five ye>s our views ( :at art really is & :at are its functions h radically *ang$1 & x mu/ be left to ^? :o come aft] u to e/imate m correctly ?an we are able to at ! pres5t day1 ! imm5se lab\r :i* has be5 accompli%$ 9 ! space ( a g5]ation4 ,! incipi5t /ages 9 ! gr[? ( ! new movem5t 9 ,g]many date back "s tw5ty ye>s4 ,at t "t we look$ ) envy at ! publications :i* issu$ f ! private presses ( ,engl&1 & c\ld boa/ ( no?+ t c\ld comp>e ) ! f>-fam$ 8,fau/0 ( ! ,doves ,press2 & if to-day we are at l5g? able to /& on our own feet1 x w\ld yet be false to ass]t t ! mod]n art ( book production 9 ,g]many has develop$ f )91 & to disav[ ! valuable /imulus & k we owe especially to ! ,engli% books ( t p]iod4 ,& cle>ly z we p]ceiv$ t ! book 9 its entirety1 ) its h>moni\s co-ord9ation ( type1 decoration1 composition1 pap] & b9d+1 %\ld =m a "w ( art1 yet only aft] _m mi/akes & deviations h we arriv$ at ! goal4 ,?us n[adays no "o w\ld s]i\sly seek to def5d su* a production z ! (ficial catalogue ( ! ,g]man section at ! ,p>is ,exhibition ( #aijj2 & s1 too1 ! s-call$ 8,eckmann0 type1 :i* at "o "t 0 tak5 up ) unexampl$ en?usiasm--a type 9 :i* ! design] _h contriv$ to adapt ! anci5t =ms ( ! 8,antiqua0 type to ! s9u\s l9es ( mod]n ornam5t--is n[ almo/ completely =gott54 ,^! & _m o!r ?+s :i* at t "t 7 acclaim$ z creative a*ievem5ts1 belong to t class ( errors :i* are really no?+ b exagg]at$ tru?s4 ,b 9 ! abs5ce ( su* excesses & t exub]ance ( feel+ :i* 0 s viol5tly manife/$1 x w\ld h be5 q impossible to accompli% 9 s %ort a "t :at z a matt] ( fact 0 accompli%$1 & 9 spite ( %ortcom+s has ev5 n[ lo/ none ( its importance 9 ! hi/ory ( ! developm5t ( a new art ( ! book4 ,! fir/ ev5t ( significance :i* foll[$ ! r5ew$ recognition ( ! decorative value ( ! pr9t$ lett] 0 ! issue ( "s new types design$ by ,otto ,eckmann & ,pet] ,behr5s respectively1 ! =m] sl5d]1 delicate1 & r\nd1 ! latt] bold1 di/+ui%$1 & angul>1 b bo? alike q free1 natural1 & easily legible4 ,x 0 ^! f\nts t really inaugurat$ ! new developm5t2 & ! f\ndry ( ! ,gebr4 ,kl+spor :i* issu$ !m1 plac$ itself by s do+ at ! head ( all ^? ent]pris+ type-f\ndries :i* h s9ce enri*$ our pr9t+ press ) a weal? ( new & valuable f\nts4 ,x _h come to be recognis$ t lett]+ & ornam5t 7 closely correlat$2 t ! ornam5tation ( pr9t$ matt] c\ld n be reg>d$ z an end 9 itself1 b mu/ be adapt$ to ! "* ( ! lett]+ 9 ord] t ! rectangul> space ( a page %\ld be s fill$ z to a*ieve a good g5]al effect & satisfy ! s5sitive eye4 ,no?+ rema9$1 !re=e1 b to entru/ ! design+ ( new types to arti/s :o _h already accompli%$ good & orig9al "w z book decorators2 & z none ( ! num]\s ,g]man type-f\ndries desir$ or inde$ c\ld af=d to be beh9dh& 9 a movem5t ( ?is k9d1 x result$ t 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s ! pr9t+ presses ( ! c\ntry 7 inundat$ ) a flood ( new 8arti/0 types1 ( :i*1 nev]!less1 only relatively few h be5 able to survive till n[4 ,to design a new type or to re-m\ld ! old =ms ( 8,antiqua0 7,roman7 or 8,fraktur0 7,g]man ,go?ic71 s t ! new =ms %\ld n only h a good black-&-:ite effect b t ! eye %\ld be able to grasp ) ease ! sequ5ce ( 8^w-pictures0 z well z ea* individual lett] & to read ! l9es quickly & com=tably1 is a task ( extraord9>y difficulty :i* _m :o h attempt$ to grapple ) h "u-e/imat$4 ,to obta9 an idea ( ! multitude ( difficulties t h to be ov]come1 "o mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! fundam5tal =ms ( ! individual lett]s are fix$1 & t only small *anges are possible 9 ! g5]al %ape1 9 ! proportions ( ! compon5t p>ts1 9 ! alt]nation ( ! upright1 horizontal1 & oblique l9es1 9 ! curvature ( ! s-call$ 8v]sal0 or capital lett]s1 9 ! s]ifs1 & 9 ! sweep ( prelim9>y or t]m9al fl\ri%es2 t ! pr9t$ lett]1 unlike manuscript1 is b\nd up ) fix$ laws1 & t 9 ord] to ju/ify its claim to consid]ation x %\ld1 :ile express+ ! arti/ic individuality ( its design]1 n be too orig9al & p]sonal if x is to be employ$ = g5]al use4 ,fur!r1 x %\ld con=m to ! _s & ideas ( ! age1 & yet aga9 x ought n to be :olly condition$ by contempor>y consid]ations if x is to survive to a lat] age1 z h _m f9e f\nts :i* ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies h bequea!d to u4 ,z already said1 only a few among our mod]n ,g]man design]s ( pr9t$ types h ma/]$ all ^! difficulties1 & among ^! few ! names ( ,behr5s1 ,tiemann1 ,ko*1 ,kleuk5s1 ,weiss1 & ,wieynk are pre-em95t4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "s ?irte5 ye>s t born ar*itect1 ,pet] ,behr5s1 :o began z a pa9t] ( easel pictures & a decorator ( books1 & n[ builds palaces1 factory build+s1 & gigantic bus9ess-h\ses1 has himself design$ f\r f\nts 9 :i* ! :ole arti/ic evolution ( ?is /rong-will$ nature is reflect$1 & :i* yet seem s entirely ! product ( a natural gr[? t "o is q unconsci\s ( ! ye>s ( lab\r sp5t on _! improvem5t & p]fection 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! prep>ation ( ! designs & ! actual ca/+ ( ! f\nts4 ,z comp>$ ) ! ar*itectonic "* ( ! au/]e1 angul> =ms ( ! fir/ ,behr5s type1 ! italic or 8,kursiv0 f\nt 7p4 #ada7 :i* made its appe>ance six ye>s lat] looks m decorative ) ! g5tle sweep & uni=m fl[ ( its l9es1 & 9 ! mo/ successful ( ! ,roman f\nts ! full vig\r & monum5tality ( 8 lat] p]iod ( activity is cle>ly express$2 :ile ! mo/ rec5t ( all1 ! 8,m$ival0 7p4 #adj71 :i* 0 only issu$ a few weeks ago1 is aga9 m ornam5tal ) its uni=mly f9e l9es1 & admirably answ]s to its designation z a type embody+ ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance script4 ,ano!r 8,m$ival0 type :i* ev5 excels t j m5tion$ 9 cle>ness & beauty ( =m has be5 design$ by ,walt] ,tiemann 7pp4 #adf & #adg71 :o holds ! position ( in/ructor at ! ,royal ,academy ( ,graphic ,arts at ,leipzig1 & devotes himself almo/ exclusively to ! improvem5t ( ! art ( lett]+ & book production4 ,l all ! o!r types design$ by ?is arti/1 x has less ( a p]sonal "* ab\t x1 & reason m ?an s5tim5t has be5 ! guid+ motive 9 ! design2 b its cool1 di/+ui%$ retic5ce gives x a q exceptional m]it4 ,x is1 moreov]1 completely indep5d5t ( its classical prototypes & _! ,romanesque imitations2 v effective 9 all its gradations1 ! use ( x is n re/rict$ to ! limit$ editions ( our private presses1 & 9 fact x is n[ "o ( ! mo/ popul> f\nts we h4 ,! f9e ,roman types by ,f4 ,w4 ,kleuk5s 7pp4 #aea1 #aec & #aef7 rank among ! mo/ gratify+ a*ievem5ts ( our new s*ool4 ,!y are free f ecc5tricity ( any k9d1 !re is a s$uctive *>m 9 _! unassum+ yet di/+ui%$ =ms1 & ev5 ! ornam5tal sl5d] k9ds are agreeably cle>4 ,9 spite ( ! ?9ness ( _! l9es ! lett]s belong+ to ?is sl5d] f\nt comb9e to make easily legible l9es4 ,! ,kleuk5s types are practical z well z attractive1 & 9 conjunction ) specially design$ bord]s1 initials & decorative devices ( all k9ds1 !y are well adapt$ = ! mo/ div]se uses4 ,( a f> m p]sonal "*1 b at ! same "t ( a m re/rict$ range ( use1 are ! graceful types by ,he9ri* ,wieynk 7pp4 #adi & #aej74 ,x is ! _s ( ! ,rococo t dwells !re9--t epo* to :i*1 ) its playful *>m & light-he>t$ grace1 we owe s _m ma/]pieces ( ,fr5* typography4 ,ev5 ! sup]flu\s loops & fl\ri%es :i* 7 *>act]i/ic ( t p]iod are enc\nt]$ aga91 ) _m biz>re peculi>ities1 9 ! 8,kursiv0 & 8,trianon0 ( ,wieynk1 & yet !re is a rem>kable fluidity & vitality 9 ea* /roke2 ! g5]al effect is highly arti/ic1 &1 z ! examples n[ reproduc$ %[1 ! f\nts are admirably adapt$ to num]\s purposes4 ,_m attempts h be5 made to mod]nise ! old 8,s*waba*]0 type1 :i* dates f ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & diff]s f ,g]man ,go?ic1 or 8,fraktur10 by be+ m compact4 ,! mo/ successful 9 ?is direction s f> has be5 ,rudolf ,ko*1 ^: 8,g]man ,script10 9 ! ?ree diff]5t =ms "h %[n 7pp4 #adb to #ade71 has once m reveal$ ! ri* beauty & massive p[] inh]5t 9 ! v>i\s k9ds ( ,g]man type4 ,9 ^! boldly design$ lett]s is express$ a manly e>ne/ness & also a simple gr&eur :i*1 9 ! sweep+1 p[]ful =ms ( ! initials1 becomes truly monum5tal4 ,!y are1 moreov]1 c>efully ?\ght out 9 all _! details1 & not)/&+ ! /r5g? ( ! l9es1 ev5 9 ! smalle/ sizes1 !y are v expressive 9 _! beauty4 ,he9z ,knig1 too1 has _h good =tune ) 8 8,s*waba*]0 type 7p4 #aeb74 ,?is is rem>kably cle>1 & 9 its amalgamation ( ,roman =ms ) ! *>act]i/ics ( ,g]man f\nts x has prov$ bo? s\nd & s]viceable1 & x is "o1 moreov]1 :i* (f]s no difficulty :atev] to ! =eign]4 ,! curls & loops :i* ! *ampions ( 8,antiqua10 or ,roman1 f9d fault ) 9 ! ,g]man /yles ( type are abs5t2 x is a ,go?ic purg$ ( all unnecess>y details & is at once dignifi$ & decorative4 ,among ! new 8,fraktur0 or ,g]man ,go?ic types m5tion %\ld fir/ ( all be made ( t kn[n z 8,weiss-,fraktur10 :i*1 design$ by ,e4 ,r4 ,weiss1 has be5 p]fect$ by him aft] _m ye>s ( untir+ collaboration ) ! ,type ,f\ndry ( ,bau] & ,co4 ,x has rema9$ a purely ,g]man type1 b is )\t ! fl\ri%es bequea!d by ! old ,g]man ,go?ic4 ,! light & op5 appe>ance ( matt] compos$ ) x imp>ts to x a cl>ity :i* is di/9ctly agreeable1 s t "o c foll[ x ) ease & com=t :ile d]iv+ quiet pleasure f ! simplicity & def9it5ess ( a type :i* satisfies 9 equal degree ! requirem5ts ( use & /hetic susceptibility4 ,! ,tempel ,v]lag1 9 common ) a numb] ( o!r important ,g]man publi%+ h\ses1 has adopt$ ! 8,weiss-,fraktur0 = its model editions ( ,g]man classics4 ,:5 new desires call = satisfaction & new =ms beg9 to develop1 x is always ^? sph]es ( activity :i* (f] easy & pleasant possibilities ( accompli%m5t t are select$ = exp]im5t+4 ,?us "s fifte5 ye>s ago ! design+ ( book-b9d+s 0 a fav\rite occupation ( ! arti/s :o int]e/$ !mselves 9 ! re=m ( indu/rial art1 & _m :o h n[ atta9$ to cle> & def9ite ideas d n want to be rem9d$ ( ! sort ( "w t 0 done 9 ^? days4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ,van de ,velde's precept t e l9e is a =ce1 ! wrapp]s & b9d+s ( books 7 among ! ?+s t 7 cov]$ ) a n]v\s labyr9? ( l9es :i* 0 expressive only ( an attitude ( m9d radically at v>iance ) all t _h gone be=e4 ,b _m :o at fir/ occupi$ !mselves ) ?is k9d ( "w 9 a m or less dilettante _s1 h by quiet1 s]i\s lab\r & /eady developm5t ma/]$ its problems & h come to devote !mselves almo/ exclusively to ! graphic arts & ! indu/ry ( book production1 s t we n[ possess an important organisation ( ! work]s 9 ?is field--! 8,v]e9 deuts*] ,bu*gew]bekn/l]0--^: collective exhibition at ! ,int]national ,exhibition n[ be+ held at ,leipzig is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ sections ( ?is great display4 ,( ! arti/s ^: "w is repres5t$ among ! accompany+ illu/rations1 ,ciss>z1 ,ehmcke1 ,kleuk5s1 ,k/]1 ,ko*1 ,r5n]1 ,/e9]-,prag1 ,tiemann1 ,weiss & ,wieynk belong to ?is gr\p4 ,johann ,v9c5z ,ciss>z _h 9 #aijj already advanc$ to su* prom95ce 9 ?is bran* ( "w t ! arti/ic arrangem5t ( ! ,g]man ,typographical ,section at ! ,p>is ,univ]sal ,exhibition 0 entru/$ to him4 ,a long way beh9d z ?is catalogue n[ is1 x 0 nev]!less at t date an exempl>y a*ievem5t z reg>ds type1 ornam5t1 pr9t+1 & b9d+2 & to ! l>ge numb] ( commissions x br\ght ! arti/ may be due ! fact t !reaft] 8 *ief att5tion 0 be/[$ on ! art ( ! book1 9 spite ( 8 p5*ant & decid$ g5ius = pa9t+ ( a decorative & ev5 monum5tal "* & 8 p>ticul> p>tiality = ! et*+-ne$le4 ,f ,dresd5 ,ciss>z migrat$1 fir/ to ,d>m/adt & !n to ,/uttg>t1 :]e z tea*] at ! ,royal ,s*ool ( ,appli$ ,art he f\nd a welcome opportunity ( communicat+ to o!rs 8 own s\nd pr9ciples 9 reg>d to ! int]nal & ext]nal arrangem5t ( books1 & already he is able to look back ^u a tea*+ c>e] :i* has be5 v successful4 ,& "h1 too1 _m grateful tasks h fall5 to him1 n only 9 connection ) special ev5ts1 su* z jubilees1 pres5tation addresses1 & su* ?+s1 b m especially 9 ! c\rse ( "w und]tak5 = ! publi%+ h\ses ( ,/uttg>t4 ,?\gh ! luxuri\s b9d+ execut$ by h& 9 co/ly mat]ials may be sup]ior 9 an arti/ic s5se1 yet f ! economic & cultural po9t ( view ! ta/efully design$ b9d+s produc$ 9 l>ge quantities by ! publi%+ h\ses are ( great] importance4 ,a s]ies ( ^! publi%]s' cases ( div]se design is illu/rat$ on pages #afh & #agb1 & x %[s h[ successfully ! design] has utilis$ ! space to display 8 boldly lett]$ title or to cov] ! :ole field ) becom+ ornam5t4 ,hugo ,/e9]-,prag1 :o fir/ became kn[n ?r\gh 8 poetic draw+s = *ildr5's fairy tales & books ( v]ses1 has also = "s ye>s pa/ taught at ! ,royal ,academy ( ,graphic ,arts at ,leipzig4 ,8 *ief successes h be5 won z an illu/rator1 b f ! b9d+s n[ reproduc$ 7pp4 #aff & #afg7 x w be se5 t he has a m>k$ tal5t = ! embelli%m5t ( ! book4 ,by means ( simple l9es & decorative ornam5t1 usually conf9$ to a well-proportion$ c5tre field1 he a*ieves really *>m+ effects4 ,k>l ,k/] 0 at "o "t a pupil ( ,pet] ,behr5s1 & 9 ord] to be able to take advantage ( all ! possibilities op5 to ! bookb9d] he has n %runk f le>n+ ! craft 9 ! regul> way4 ,?us 9 ! c\rse ( 8 "w he has n be5 :olly conc]n$ ) ! ext]nal embelli%m5t ( ! book1 :i* he always endeav\rs to h>monise ) its cont5ts1 b has also kept 9 view ! practical purpose ( ! b9d+ z a protective cov]+ = ! book4 ,8 great skill 9 a*iev+ delightful effects ) ! simple/ means is amply demon/rat$ by ! num]\s b9d+s he has design$ = publi%]s4 ,?us 9 ! b9d+s "h illu/rat$1 8,heimkehr0 & 8,bu* ,joram0 7p4 #afi71 ?ree l9es ( lett]+ suffice to animate & decorate ! entire surface2 b he is q capable ( employ+ mu* ri*] decorative devices ) discretion & good ta/e4 ,f ! way 9 :i* he has plac$ a simple cross ( violet lea!r 9 ! ri*ly ornam5t$ middle field ( 8 r$ missal b9d+ 7p4 #afc71 to %[ to ! greate/ advantage ! col\r ( ! ame?y/s set 9 ! silv] m\nts1 x may be inf]r$ t he is capable ( produc+ new & peculi> arrangem5ts ( =m & col\r )\t break+ ) ! be/ traditions4 ,9 8 second missal b9d+ ! =m ( ! cross :i* dom9ates ! entire space is di/ribut$ ov] twelve circul> panels or fields1 ( :i* ! middlemo/ is work$ ) a :ite lea!r inlay & gold-tool+4 ,! o!r circles are l9$ ) violet lea!r1 & ) ! f\r ame?y/s ( ! corn] rosettes1 ! sea-gre5 morocco1 & ! ri* gild+1 produce a spl5did effect ( col\r4 ,among ! pr(essional craftsm5 :o yield$ to ! new ideas ( book production ,paul ,k]/5 is p]haps ! be/ kn[n1 z he is )\t d\bt ! mo/ successful4 ,) an ext5sive practical exp]i5ce1 :i* has ma/]$ all ! te*nical possibilities1 he comb9es arti/ic susceptibility & a lit]>y aptitude :i* has enabl$ him to uphold ! objects he has at he>t 9 ?\ghtfully writt5 essays & books4 ,z head ( ! ,te*nical ,s*ool = ,bookb9d]s 9 ,b]l9 he is 9 a position to ex]cise an educative influ5ce 9 ! be/ s5se4 ,! b9d+s illu/rat$ on pages #afd & #afe enable "o to judge ( 8 te*nical v]satility & 8 me?ods ( decoration1 :i* are n re/rict$ to a p>ticul> s*eme4 ,!y are )\t exception lea!r b9d+s 9 :i* ! title is plac$ indep5d5tly on ! back or )9 a panel left = x1 ! ornam5tation ( ! cov] be+ !re=e un9flu5c$ by x4 ,9 b9d+s ( a ri*] "* he is v fond ( utilis+ a div]sity ( col\rs = ! sake ( ! animat+ effect4 ,?us 9 8 d>k-blue morocco b9d+1 ^: c5tre panel is occupi$ by five hexagons )9 circles1 ! fl[]s display$ !re9 are ( r$1 gre51 & violet lea!r2 :ile 9 ! *amois b9d+ ( ,baudelaire's 8,fleurs du ,mal10 = ! ornam5tation ( :i*1 9 gold & bl9d /amp+1 no few] ?an #ah1jjj impressions 7 requir$1 lea!r ov]lays 9 sev5 diff]5t col\rs 7 us$4 ,b ev5 ) su* an abundance ( decoration "o is n consci\s ( any excess1 b only p]haps t agreeable s5se ( assurance :i* ! practis$ h& communicates4 ,?ree col\rs1 black1 r$ & blue1 are employ$ = ornam5t+ ! calf-b9d+ ) a circul> c5tre panel1 ! decoration ( :i* is c>ri$ out by a special process ( tool+ & /a9+4 ,( a mu* simpl] "* is ! "w ( ,franz ,weisse1 :o likewise has come f ! ranks ( ! h&icraftsm51 & is n[ engag$ z tea*] at ! ,s*ool ( ,appli$ ,art 9 ,hamburg4 ,! simple b bold /amp+ 9 :i* ! decoration ( 8 pigsk9 b9d+ 7p4 #agj7 is execut$ comports well ) ! outspok5 c&\r ( ,grimmel%aus5's 8,simplicissimus40 ,a feature ( int]e/ is ! use ( ! 8batik0 process,a = produc+ floral ornam5t spread ov] ! sides & back ( ! p>*m5t b9d+4 ,footnote ,a3 ,batik is a process ( produc+ patt]ns by means ( dyes & resi/s2 x has long be5 9 use 9 ! ,dut* ,ea/ ,indies1 :5ce x 0 introduc$ into ,holl&1 & n[ has a consid]able vogue bo? !re & 9 ,g]many1 ,au/ria & ,hung>y4 ,aga91 9 ! ri*ly decorat$ b9d+s ( ,f4 ,a4 ,demet] 7pp4 #afa & #afb7 "o obs]ves ! sure h& ( ! exp]i5c$ practition] :o kn[s h[ to take advantage ( ! beauties ( mat]ial & te*nique 9 ! fulfilm5t ( 8 arti/ic aims4 ,8 ornam5tation is c]ta9ly n q orig9al1 b is di/+ui%$ by a clev] decorative treatm5t ( floral motives & a ta/eful application ( !m2 & ev5 :5 he completely cov]s ! back & sides ) decoration ( a uni=m "*1 "o does n feel t x is ov]done4 ,a beautiful example ( 8 "w is ! b9d+ ) a design ( leafage 9 gold on a res$a-gre5 lea!r4 ,demet] also is a pr(essional b9d]1 & at pres5t is head ( ! appli$ art dep>tm5t ( ! ,hbel & ,d5ck :olesale b9d]y at ,leipzig4 ,ev5 ^! l>ge indu/rial conc]ns1 equipp$ = ! :olesale production ( *eap b9d+s1 h be5 oblig$ to take acc\nt ( ! gr[+ desire = books t h an arti/ic value1 & to atta* to _! e/abli%m5ts special dep>tm5ts 9 :i*1 "u ! sup]vision ( arti/ically m9d$ craftsm51 n only simple b9d+s 9 8bo>ds10 b also ! co/ly & elaborate k9ds ( b9d+ requir+ mo/ c>eful h&-"w1 are prep>$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ individual ( ! ,g]man arti/s :o h devot$ !mselves to ! mod]n art ( ! book is ,emil ,preetorius4 ,he is a born illu/rator1 & has ma/]$ all ! v>i\s means ( expression 9 equal degree2 ev5 9 ! v concise outl9e ( ! silh\ette he a*ieves an abundance ( *>act]isation & vitality4 ,! silh\ettes %[n "h 7p4 #afj7 are f a popul> edition ( ,daudet's 8,t>t>9 de ,t>ascon10 :i* he has embelli%$ & illu/rat$ ) ref9$ arti/ic feel+2 !y figure !re m]ely z ! decorative headpieces to c]ta9 ( ! *apt]s1 & s]ve z a jocose premonition ( :at is to foll[4 ,!y are n ! actual illu/rations ( ! book1 b !y c]ta9ly af=d an excell5t idea ( ! happy way 9 :i* ) ^! que] little black figures he has caught ! grotesque comicality ( ?is /range adv5ture4 ,he is also fond ( giv+ ! read] 9 8 title-pages a =eta/e ( :at awaits him1 ( express+ graphically1 9 draw+s (t5 conta9+ a numb] ( figures1 ! cont5ts & _s ( ! books 9 :i* !y appe>4 ,8 figures are mo/ly ^? ( p :o liv$ 9 ! 8,bi$]mei]0 age2 !y h a di/9ctly old-fa%ion$ look ab\t !m1 b none ( t s5tim5tal 8gu%0 :i* s (t5 makes ! s-call$ 8,/immung0 pictures ( t p]iod unpalatable to u mod]ns4 ,:ile hav+ a decid$ p>tiality = ! peculi>ities & foibles ( ! 8,bi$]mei]0 folk1 ,preetorius is ?or\ghly mod]n 9 feel+2 8 draw+s are au/]e r ?an sweetly s5tim5tal1 & ev5 _! /hetic defects are p]t95t to 8 art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,page ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,paul ,,lang-,,kurz ,! "p play$ by v>i\s ent]pris+ & ideally m9d$ publi%+ h\ses 9 fo/]+ & /imulat+ t pleasure 9 beautiful books & _! acquisition :i* has increas$ to su* an extraord9>y degree 9 ,g]many dur+ ! pa/ decade mu/ n g unrecord$ "h4 ,among ^! ! firm ( ,eug5 ,di$]i*s1 ( ,j5a1 claims prim>y consid]ation because ( ! ungrudg+ _s 9 :i* x has af=d$ to all :o h made a "n 9 ! sph]e ( arti/ic book-production an opportunity ( display+ _! ideas & skill4 ,?is firm cat]s = all ! manifold cultural t5d5cies ( our age1 & its publications be+ ( a s]i\s "*1 ! collaboration ( ^! arti/s has be5 9 ! ma9 re/rict$ to wrapp]s & b9d+s1 title-pages1 initials1 ornam5tal bord]s1 & o!r decorative details4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are h\ses1 su* z t ( ,georg ,mll] 9 ,muni*1 :i* besides good decoration g 9 l>gely = book illu/ration1 9 :i* also num]\s & int]e/+ developm5ts h tak5 place1 includ+ a revival ( v>i\s processes--su* z wood-engrav+1 li?ography1 & et*+--t _h fall5 l>gely into disuse1 b n[ once m enjoy consid]able fav\r = ! purpose ( book illu/ration4 ,! ,insel-,v]lag ( ,leipzig1 ,s4 ,fis*] ( ,b]l91 ,paul & ,bruno ,cassir] ( ,b]l91 ,kurt ,wolff ( ,leipzig1 & _m o!rs1 h help$ mat]ially 9 ?is refloresc5ce ( ,g]man illu/rative art4 ,b at ! same "t1 !re are m ?an a few :o hold t a well-pr9t$ book ) unimpea*able lett]press1 pap] & b9d+ requires nei!r decoration nor illu/ration1 & t its intr9sic m]it dep5ds on ! p]fect mann] 9 :i* ! te*nical "w is c>ri$ out4 ,?us ! celebrat$ editions ( ! ,hyp]ion ,press & ! spl5did issues ( ! ,c5tury ,press ( ! ,muni* publi%+ firm ( ,hans von ,web] are brilliant examples ( ,g]man typography2 nor ne$ ! publications ( ! ,janus ,press ( ,leipzig1 produc$ ) consummate te*nical c>e "u ! sup]vision ( ,walt] ,tiemann & ,c>l ,ern/ ,poes*el1 fe> comp>ison ) ! books t issue f ! private presses ( ,engl&4 ,^! volumes are only pr9t$ 9 small editions ( "o hundr$ & fifty to two hundr$ copies1 & satisfy ! utmo/ dem&s ( discrim9at+ bibliophiles4 ,( di/9ction on acc\nt ( _! typically ,g]man "* are ! 8,rudolf9is*e ,drucke10 br\ght out by ,rudolf ,ko* 9 association ) ,rudolf ,g]/ung at ,(f5ba*1 & publi%$ by ,wilhelm ,g]/ung4 ,9 ^! books1 :i* are also g5u9ely ,g]man 9 _! cont5ts1 ev]y?+ is expressly avoid$ :i* 9 any way deviates f ! consid]ations ( *ief importance--prop] spac+ ( ! lett]s & ! well-balanc$ composition ( ! page ( lett]press 9 ,ko*'s ess5tially ,g]man f\nt1 toge!r ) uni=m excell5ce ( workman%ip ?r\gh\t4 ,?us only ! title-pages are specially design$1 & ! body ( ! lett]press is b sp>+ly reliev$ ) ! impos+ initials belong+ to ?is f\nt2 b ! b9d+s1 ) _! cov]-pap]s cut & pr9t$ by ! arti/ himself1 also be> witness to ! virile beauty ( 8 art4 ,( a m arre/+ & luxuri\s "* are ! productions ( ! ,ern/ ,ludwig ,press ( ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,hesse1 ! arti/ic sup]vision ( :i* has be5 entru/$ to ,f4 ,w4 ,kleuk5s2 & ! co/ly editions de luxe ( ! ,pan-,press ( ,b]l91 :i* are embelli%$ ) li?ographs by ,slevogt1 ,cor9? & ,pasc91 or et*+s by ,geig] or ,wals]4 ,su* productions1 h[ev]1 are beyond ! scope ( ?is "w4 ,:at ,g]many is n[ able to (f] 9 ! art ( book production is sup]abundantly %[n 9 ! ,int]national ,exhibition :i* is be+ held ?is ye> at ,leipzig4 ,t aft] b>ely a score ( ye>s we %\ld h s]i\sly v5tur$ to invite ! civilis$ races to peaceful competition 9 ?is special doma9 is a pro( t we are consci\s ( ! value ( our "w1 & d n fe> ! v]dict ( ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ornam5t ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,kleuk5s1 ,,= ,d4 ,,/empel1 ,,frankfurt ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,antiqua0 ,,type4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,pet] ,,behr5s ,,ca/ ,,by ,,gebr4 ,,kl+spor1 ,,(f5ba* ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,antiqua0 ,,type4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,pet] ,,behr5s ,,ca/ ,,by ,,gebr4 ,,kl+spor1 ,,(f5ba* ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,m$i,,val0 ,,type4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,pet] ,,behr5s ,,ca/ ,,by ,,gebr4 ,,kl+spor1 ,,(f5ba* ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,m$i,,val0 ,,type4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,pet] ,,behr5s ,,ca/ ,,by ,,gebr4 ,,kl+spor1 ,,(f5ba* ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,kursiv0 ,,type4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,pet] ,,behr5s ,,ca/ ,,by ,,gebr4 ,,kl+spor1 ,,(f5ba* ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,g]man ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,rudolf ,,ko* ,,ca/ ,,by ,,gebr4 ,,kl+spor1 ,,(f5ba* ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,g]man ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,rudolf ,,ko* ,,ca/ ,,by ,,gebr4 ,,kl+spor1 ,,(f5ba* ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,g]man ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,rudolf ,,ko* ,,ca/ ,,by ,,gebr4 ,,kl+spor1 ,,(f5ba* ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,g]man ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,rudolf ,,ko* ,,ca/ ,,by ,,gebr4 ,,kl+spor1 ,,(f5ba* ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,m$i,,val0 ,,type4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,walt] ,,tiemann1 ,,ca/ ,,by ,,gebr4 ,,kl+spor1 ,,(f5ba* ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,m$i,,val0 ,,type4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,walt] ,,tiemann1 ,,ca/ ,,by ,,gebr4 ,,kl+spor1 ,,(f5ba* ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,m$i,,val-,,kursiv0 ,,type4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,walt] ,,tiemann1 ,,ca/ ,,by ,,gebr4 ,,kl+spor1 ,,(f5ba* ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,trianon0 ,,type4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,he9ri* ,,wieynk ,,ca/ ,,by ,,! ,,bau]s*e ,,giess]ei1 ,,frankfurt ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,wieynk-,,kursiv0 ,,type4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,he9ri* ,,wieynk ,,ca/ ,,by ,,! ,,bau]s*e ,,giess]ei1 ,,frankfurt ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,s*lanke ,,kleuk5s-,,antiqua0 ,,type4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,kleuk5s1 ,,ca/ ,,by ,,! ,,bau]s*e ,,giess]ei1 ,,frankfurt ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,s*waba*]0 ,,type4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,he9z ,k,,nig4 ,,ca/ ,,by ,,emil ,,gurs*1 ,,b]l9 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,helga-,,antiqua0 ,,type4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(essor ,f4 ,w4 ,,kleuk5s1 ,,ca/ ,,by ,d4 ,,/empel1 ,,frankfurt ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,h,,lzl-,,m$i,,val0 ,,type4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,emil ,h,,lzl1 ,,ca/ ,,by ,d4 ,,/empel1 ,,frankfurt ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,h,,lzl-,,m$i,,val0 ,,type4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,emil ,h,,lzl1 ,,ca/ ,,by ,d4 ,,/empel1 ,,frankfurt ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! 8,,+eborg-,,antiqua0 ,,type4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(essor ,f4 ,w4 ,,kleuk5s1 ,,ca/ ,,by ,d4 ,,/empel1 ,,frankfurt ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,pages ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,f4 ,h4 ,,ehmcke ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,eug5 ,,di$]i*s ,illu/ration3 ,,ornam5ts ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,kleuk5s1 ,,= ,,! ,,bau]s*e ,,giess]ei1 ,,frankfurt ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ornam5ts ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,walt] ,,tiemann1 ,,= ,,gebr4 ,,kl+spor1 ,,(f5ba* ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,initial ,,lett]s ,,& ,,ornam5ts ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,kleuk5s1 ,,= ,d4 ,,/empel1 ,,frankfurt ,a4,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,head-,,pieces ,,by ,,emil ,,preetorius ,,= ,,daudet',s 8,,t>t>9 ,,de ,,t>ascon40 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,d] ,,gelbe ,,v]lag1 ,m,,n*5-,,da*au ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,gold ,,& ,,black ,,tool+ ,,design$ ,,by ,p4 ,a4 ,,demet]1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,h,,bel ,,& ,,d5ck ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,lemon ,,yell[ ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,gre5 ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,design$ ,,by ,p4 ,a4 ,,demet]1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,h,,bel ,,& ,,d5ck ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,design$ ,,by ,p4 ,a4 ,,demet] ,,execut$ ,,by ,h,,bel ,,& ,,d5ck ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,br[n ,,lea!r1 ,,) ,,bl9d ,,tool+4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,joh4 ,,v9c5z ,,ciss>z1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,,ad4 ,b,,hl] ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,sea-,,gre5 ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,design$ ,,by ,,k>l ,k,,/]1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,,h]d]',s ,,b9d]y1 ,,freiburg ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,d>k ,,r$ ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,design$ ,,by ,,k>l ,k,,/]1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,,h]d]',s ,,b9d]y1 ,,freiburg ,illu/ration3 ,,book ,,b9d+ ,,9 ,,orange ,,yell[ ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,bl9d ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,paul ,,k]/5 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,neat',s ,,lea!r1 ,,) ,,pun*$ ,,& ,,tann$ ,,ornam5tation4 ,,by ,,paul ,,k]/5 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,r$ ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,paul ,,k]/5 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,blue ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,paul ,,k]/5 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,buff ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,paul ,,k]/5 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,blue ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,paul ,,k]/5 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,r$ ,,calf1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,paul ,,k]/5 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,pigsk91 ,,) ,,tool+ ,,by ,,paul ,,k]/5 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,d>k ,,blue ,,calf1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,hugo ,,/e9]-,,prag1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,h,,bel ,,& ,,d5ck ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,vellum1 ,,) ,,gilt ,,ornam5tation4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,hugo ,,/e9]-,,prag1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,h,,bel ,,& ,,d5ck ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,lea!r1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,hugo ,,/e9]-,,prag1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,h,,bel ,,& ,,d5ck ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,lea!r1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,hugo ,,/e9]-,,prag1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,h,,bel ,,& ,,d5ck ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,lea!r1 ,,) ,,silv] ,,clasps4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,joh4 ,,v9c5z ,,ciss>z1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,,k>l ,,/r5g] ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+s ,,9 ,,lea!r1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,joh4 ,,v9c5z ,,ciss>z1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,,gu/av ,,fr,,li* ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+ ,,case4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,joh4 ,,v9c5z ,,ciss>z ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+-,,case4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,k>l ,k,,/] ,illu/ration3 ,,vellum ,,b9d+4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,k>l ,k,,/] ,illu/ration3 ,,vellum ,,b9d+1 ,,) ,,batik ,,ornam5tation ,,design$ ,,by ,,k>l ,k,,/] ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,lea!r1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,design$ ,,by ,,k>l ,k,,/] ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,:ite ,,pigsk91 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,,franz ,,weisse ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,natural ,,col\r$ ,,pigsk91 ,,) ,,bl9d ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,franz ,,weisse ,illu/ration3 ,,p>*m5t ,,b9d+1 ,,) ,,batik ,,ornam5tation ,,by ,,franz ,,weisse ,illu/ration3 ,,vellum ,,b9d+4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,rudolf ,,ko* ,illu/ration3 ,,half-,,calf ,,& ,,pap] ,,b9d+4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,rudolf ,,ko* ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+-,,cases ,,9 ,,lea!r ,,& ,,clo?4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,joh4 ,,v9c5z ,,ciss>z ,illu/ration3 ,,backs ,,( ,,lea!r ,,b9d+-,,cases ,,design$ ,,by ,,paul ,,r5n] ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+-,,case4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,paul ,,r5n] ,illu/ration3 ,,backs ,,( ,,lea!r ,,b9d+-,,cases ,,design$ ,,by ,,paul ,,r5n] ,illu/ration3 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,emanuel ,,von ,,seidl ,illu/ration3 ,,design$ ,,by 8,l0 ,illu/ration3 ,,design$ ,,by ,,fritz ,,s*oll ,illu/ration3 ,,design$ ,,by ,,emanuel ,,joseph ,,m>gold ,,b9d+-,,cases ,,design$ ,,= ,,alex&] ,,ko*1 ,,d>m/adt ,illu/ration3 ,,pap] ,,cov]s4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,emil ,,preetorius ,illu/ration3 ,,end-,,pap] ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,paul ,,lang-,,kurz ,illu/ration3 ,,end-,,pap] ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,paul ,,lang-,,kurz ,,france ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,book ,,9 ,,france4 ,,by ,e4 ,a4 ,,taylor ,l+]+ 9 ?\ght ov] ! f>-away days ( ! glori\s bibliographic & typographical pa/ t ,france has enjoy$1 "o f9ds little has happ5$1 amid/ all ! *anges :i* h swept ov] ^? arts 9 rec5t ye>s1 to di/urb ! employm5t ( h] bibliopegic arti/s4 ,!re are few ( h] rema9+ old /reets ?r\gh :i* "o passes )\t be+ attract$ 9 "o way or ano!r to ! sign ( ! relieur-doreur4 ,to give a rem>kable in/ance ( ?is unique position "o has only to recall ! sale ( ! collection ( ! ,vicomte de la ,croix-,laval 9 #aijb1 9 :i* ! books 7 n catalogu$ 9 ! names ( ! au?or b 9 t ( ! bookb9d]4 ,b ?is is n surpris+ :5 we consid] ! excell5t craftsman%ip ( su* m5 z ,g4 ,canape1 ,*ambolle-,duru1 ,s4 ,david1 ,*>les ,lano1 ,m>ius ,mi*el1 ,g4 ,m]ci]1 ,r5 ,kieff]1 & ! fasc9at+ execution ( ! designs on vellum by ,&r ,m>e4 ,yet x is n uncommon to he> ! travell]s' comm5t t books ) an attractive outside appe>ance are non-exi/5t 9 ,p>is4 ,unlike ,engl&1 ,france exp5ds little additional lab\r on ! la/+1 ap>t f ! c]ta9 attractive qualities ( clo? or pap]-cov]$ bo>d cas+s1 :ile mod]n end-pap]s1 z kn[n 9 o!r c\ntries1 h s f> f\nd little consid]ation4 ,mu* en]gy is focuss$ on ! edition de luxe1 embody+ ! "w ( popul> arti/s1 good pap] & type1 ! result be+ a limit$ numb] ( pap]-cov]$ volumes1 all excell5tly produc$1 b v (t5 disappo9t+ 9 _! page arrangem5t & design & ! suitability ( text to type & type to illu/ration4 ,b ?is leads me into an explanatory discussion on ! old pr9t]'s indep5d5ce ( o!r craftsm5 ^: art is n[ divid$ into sep>ate & recognis$ trades4 ,& x is rem>kable t x %\ld be s to su* a great ext5t1 = few] places o!r ?an ,p>is are s sympa!tically enjo9$ to _! arti/s4 ,x may be ! fault ( ! arti/ :o is m enwrapp$ 9 8 craft ?an ! art evolv$ 9 its ultimate end4 ,)9 ! la/ few ye>s1 h[ev]1 pr9t+ has va/ly improv$1 & ?is has be5 due 9 no small measure to ! ef=ts ( ,,mm4 ,g4 ,peignot & ,sons4 ,z e>ly z #aijj ! ,peignot type f\ndry introduc$ a new typography ) frankly mod]n t5d5cies1 ! be/ te/imony ( _! ef=ts at t "t be+ ! productions ( 8,grasset10 foll[+ ) ! 8,auriol10 & lat] on ! ,bell]y-,desfonta9es types & ornam5ts4 ,at ! same "t1 n desir+ to lose t\* ) t :i* 9 typography ( ! pa/ is mo/ intr9sically valuable = to-day1 a little booklet issu$ lately1 entitl$ 8,les ,co*9s10 by ! two bro!rs ,peignot1 cle>ly demon/rates ! results ( _! atta9m5t4 ,?is booklet1 ap>t f be+ a catalogue ( _! rese>*1 has beh9d x ! prim>y desire t editors & pr9t]s %\ld try to realise ! significance ( a typographical revival 9 ,france1 & ! influ5ce x w\ld h on all bran*es ( ! graphic arts4 ,despite ! rem>kable progress t process "w has made1 ap>t f ! mo/ +5i\s inv5tions & ma*9]y be+ ( ,fr5* orig91 wood-engrav]s & wood-engrav+1 z employ$ = illu/rative purposes1 ma9ta9 a prom95t & m unique position 9 ,france ?an 9 any o!r ,european c\ntry4 ,among/ ! mo/ rec5t productions ( note 8,daphnis et ,*lo0 7p4 #aij71 pr9t$ & publi%$ by ,m4 ,l4 ,pi*on1 is uncommonly good1 9 fact all t issues f ,m4 ,pi*on's little e/abli%m5t is unusually ref9$4 ,!n !re are o!rs1 b space w n p]mit me to dwell on ea* "o's excell5t qualities4 ,h[ev]1 ,i mu/ n neglect to m5tion ! rem>kable edition ( 8,le ,gr& ,te/am5t de ,franois ,villon10 :i* ,i h se5 9 prep>ation by ,m4 ,a4 ,m4 ,peignot1 ) illu/rations & especially design$ type by ,b]n>d ,naud92 also "s ?\ghtful little volumes 9 ! s]ies 8,les ,matres du ,livre10 publi%$ by ,,mm4 ,georges ,crs et ,cie "u ! direction ( ,m4 ,ad4 van ,bev]2 & if x 7 n = ! ?\ghtful1 untir+ ef=ts ( su* editors z ,m4 ,luci5 ,vogel1 ( ! 8,gazette du ,bon ,ton10 & publi%]s ( ditions d'art z ,,mm4 ,a4 ,blaizot1 ,l4 ,c>t]et1 ,h4 ,fl\ry1 ,f4 ,f]r\d1 ,jules ,meynial1 ,r4 ,helleu1 ,r5 ,kieff]1 ,e4 ,rey1 ,octave ,*>p5ti]1 ,e4 ,lvy1 & ,h4 ,piazza1 ! bibliophiles ( ,p>is w\ld h a poor output f :i* to select4 ,f among/ o!rs ! notable & v>i$ publications ( ! libr>ies ,oll5dorff1 ,l>\sse1 ,ha*ette et ,cie1 ,a4 ,fay>d et ,cie1 ,caiman ,lvy1 ,plon-,n\rrit et ,cie1 ,adrian ,sporck1 ,l4 ,mi*aud1 ,e4 ,flamm>ion & ,a4 ,vaillant %\ld be not$4 ,f9ally ,i mu/ n =get to m5tion ! p[]ful influ5ce ( ! 8,socit des ,amis des ,livres10 8,les ,c5t ,bibliophiles10 ! 8,socit ,norm&e du ,livre illu/r10 & ! 8,socit du ,livre d',art ,contempora902 & )\t a prolong$ description ( ea* ,socit x mu/ suffice to m5tion ! prosp]ity ! 8,socit des ,amis des ,livres0 enjoys "u ! presid5cy ( ,m4 ,h5ri ,b]aldi1 ! orig9ator ( ! 8,socit des ,bibliophiles de ,p>is0 & a publi%] ( note4 ,among/ 8 fir/ ef=ts 8,paysages ,p>isi5s10 by ,emile ,g\deau1 & ,g4 ,montorgueil's 8,p>is au ,has>d10 bo? illu/rat$ by ,augu/e ,lepre1 are ! mo/ di/+ui%$1 & to him my ?anks are due = 8 k9dly int]e/ 9 my bibliographical que/1 & to ! ,presid5t ( 8,les ,c5t ,bibliophiles10 ,m4 ,eugne ,rodrigues1 = 8 g5]osity 9 plac+ at my disposal pages & illu/rations f 8 admirable collection4 ,aft] all1 x is to m5 l ^!1 & to ! organizations to :i* !y belong1 t ,france owes ! prom95t bibliographical position %e holds1 & ! fre$om h] excell5t arti/s & craftsm5 enjoy 9 reta9+ = u 9 fitt+ g>b ! m9ds ( ! great1 be !y e*oes ( ! pa/ or turbul5t cries 9 ! d>k1 ! songs ( ! op5 & sunlight1 ! sonnets ( autumn & %ade1 or ! love 9 ! laught] ( *ildr54 ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,page ,,design$ ,,by ,p4 ,e4 ,,vib]t1 ,,= ,,mm4 ,,georges ,,cr,s ,,et ,,cie ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,pr9t$ ,,9 8,,g>amond0 ,,type 7,,engrav$ ,,= ,,fran,,ois ,i71 ,,) ,,woodcut ,,by ,,paul ,,emile ,,col91 ,,l5t ,,by ,,mons4 ,r4 ,,helleu ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,roman ,,face ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,george ,,auriol1 ,,ca/ ,,by ,g4 ,,peignot ,,et ,,fils1 ,,p>is ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,italic ,,face ,,type4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,george ,,auriol1 ,,ca/ ,,by ,g4 ,,peignot ,,et ,,fils1 ,,p>is ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,pr9t$ ,,9 8,,nicolas ,,co*90 ,,type1 ,,adapt$ ,,& ,,ca/ ,,by ,g4 ,,peignot ,,et ,,fils1 ,,p>is ,illu/ration3 ,,type ,,& ,,ornam5ts ,,design$ ,,by ,,grasset ,,ca/ ,,by ,g4 ,,peignot ,,et ,,fils1 ,,p>is ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,f ,a4 ,,de ,,musset',s 8,,les ,,nuits0 7,,jules ,,meynial1 ,,p>is71 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,adolphe ,,giraldon ,,ca/ ,,by ,,la ,,maison ,,deb]ny ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,f ,a4 ,,de ,,musset',s 8,,les ,,nuits0 7,,jules ,,meynial1 ,,p>is74 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,adolphe ,,giraldon ,,ca/ ,,by ,,la ,,maison ,,deb]ny ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,f 8,,daphnis ,,et ,,*lo40 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 8,,j5son0 ,,type ,,by ,l4 ,,pi*on1 ,,p>is1 ,,) ,,woodcut ,,by ,,c>l,,gle ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,tool+ ,,design$ ,,by ,,adolphe ,,giraldon1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,g4 ,,canape ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,tool+4 ,,by ,g4 ,,canape ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+s ,,9 ,,levant ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,*ambolle-,,duru ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,s4 ,,david ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,r$ ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,s4 ,,david ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,,r5 ,,kieff] ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,d>k ,,blue ,,fr5* ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,s4 ,,david ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,fr5* ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,design$ ,,by ,,eti5ne ,,d9et1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,,durv& 7,9 ! possession ( ,mons4 ,h4 ,piazza7 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,fr5* ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,design$ ,,by ,j4 ,,de ,,la ,n,,zi,,re1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,,durv& 7,9 ! possession ( ,mons4 ,h4 ,piazza7 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,p>*m5t1 ,,tool$ ,,& ,,col\r$ ,,by ,,&r ,,m>e 7,9 ! possession ( ,mons4 ,paul ,adam7 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,p>*m5t1 ,,tool$ ,,& ,,col\r$4 ,,by ,,&r ,,m>e 7,9 ! possession ( ,mons4 ,l4 ,vauxcelles7 ,illu/ration3 7,9 ! possession ( ,madame d',aleman47 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,p>*m5t1 ,,tool$ ,,& ,,col\r$4 ,,by ,,&r ,,m>e ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+-,,case ,,design$ ,,by ,g4 ,,auriol4 ,,= ,,maison ,,l>\sse ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,blue ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,design$ ,,by ,a4 ,,segaud1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,p4 ,,s\ze 7,l5t by ,maison ,ha*ette ,cie47 ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+-,,case ,,design$ ,,by ,g4 ,,auriol ,,= ,,maison ,,l>\sse ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+-,,case ,,design$ ,,by ,,luci5 ,,la=ge ,,= ,,maison ,,l>\sse ,,au/ria ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,book ,,9 ,,au/ria4 ,,by ,a4 ,s4 ,,levetus ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,page ,,design$ ,,by ,r4 ,r,i,,ka4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,manes ,,society1 ,,prague ,l o!r c\ntries ,au/ria has1 9 all t relates to ! book1 gone ?r\gh p]iods ( high developm5ts1 foll[$ by a "t ( inactivity :i* c\ld b lead to ev5tual decay4 ,t 9 ! pa/ _m works ( a high arti/ic value z reg>ds pr9t+1 illu/rations1 type1 & b9d+1 9 fact all ! qualities :i* g to make an arti/ic production1 7 issu$ by ! v>i\s presses1 _m books /ill exi/+ g to prove4 ,on ! :ole ! pr9t]s ( ,au/ria 7 nev] v num]\s1 & %e has nev] be5 a book-produc+ c5tre1 ev5 9 ! ,capital itself1 z h be5 _m ,g]man cities1 su* z ,nuremb]g1 ,augsburg & ,leipzig4 ,"u ! ,empress ,m>ia ,!resa ! art ( ! book fl\ri%$1 = be+ possess$ ( a f9e arti/ic nature1 %e grant$ _m privileges to ! mak]s ( books1 & set great value on su* volumes z 7 real works ( art4 ,h] son1 ,joseph ,,ii1 :o dur+ 8 y\?1 foll[+ ! cu/om ( ! "t1 adopt$ a trade1 *ose pr9t+1 & ma/]$ x ?or\ghly4 ,he likewise grant$ c]ta9 privileges to ! pr9t]s & 9 e way enc\rag$ ! art4 ,dur+ ! second half ( ! eighte5? c5tury ! ,art ( ! ,book develop$ consid]ably4 ,new types 7 inv5t$1 woodcut engrav+s gave way to copp] engrav+s1 ! pap] 0 ( ! be/ quality1 ! b9d+s ( ! f9e/ lea!r & ( beautiful design1 ev]y?+1 includ+ ! end-pap]s1 rea*$ ! highe/ /&>d4 ,b reaction 0 inevitable 9 ,au/ria z x 0 9 o!r c\ntries1 = ! age ( ma*9]y _h come4 ,h&-made pap]1 :i* _h furni%$ a /aple trade 9 ,moravia s9ce #aebj1 :5 ! fir/ pap]-mill 0 f\nd$ 9 ,gross-,ull]sdorf1 det]iorat$2 ! pr9t+-ma*9e took ! place ( ! h&-press2 ! f9e h&-tool$ lea!r b9d+s 7 =c$ to yield to ! m comm]cial article4 ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,page ,,design$ ,,by ,,vladim,r ,,upansk4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,manes ,,society1 ,,prague ,b 9 ,au/ria1 z else:]e1 ! ,art ( ! ,book 0 to be reborn1 & x 0 ,william ,morris :o 0 to give ! impulse1 = ! fame ( ! ,kelmscott ,press _h rea*$ ,vi5na4 ,! m5 ( ! new s*ool1 ,alfr$ ,roll]1 ,josef ,h(fmann1 ,koloman ,mos]1 ,b>on ,myrba*1 ,rudolf von ,l>is*1 & o!rs h spread ! new tea*+4 ,! mom5t 0 ! "r "o1 ! ne$ ( re=m 9 all & ev]y?+ conc]n+ book-production 0 recognis$ z "p ( ! programme :5 ! g5]al "q ( ! tea*+ ( art 0 rais$ 9 #ahig2 b ! reg5]ation ( ! ,art ( ! ,book really dat$ f ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury4 ,x mu/ n be ?\ght t no ef=ts _h be5 made to rescue ! art previ\s to ! great re=m4 ,f> f x4 ,tw5ty-five ye>s ago ! fir/ /eps 7 tak5 by ! f\nd+ ( ! ,imp]ial 8,lehr- und ,v]su*san/alt fr graphis*e ,kun/10 an in/itution = tea*+ & exp]im5t+ 9 graphic art1 :]e f ! fir/ excell5t "w 0 done "u ,h(rat ,ed]4 ,! 8,h(- und ,/aatsdruck]ei0 7,imp]ial & ,/ate ,pr9t+ ,(fice7 _h be5 call$ into exi/5ce eighty ye>s previ\sly4 ,b ! great impetus 0 giv5 "s doz5 ye>s ago :5 m5 tra9$ 9 ! new s*ool ( ?\ght 9 decorative art 7 appo9t$ tea*]s 9 ! v>i\s s*ools & in/itutions4 ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,page ,,design$ ,,by ,j4 ,,b5da4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! ,,ensk ,,klub1 ,,prague ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,design$ ,,by ,,h$wig ,,s*mi$l1 ,,= ,,! ,,imp]ial ,,graphis*e ,,lehr-,,und ,,v]su*san/alt1 ,,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,design$ ,,by ,,b]ta ,,b9dtn]1 ,,= ,,! ,,imp]ial ,,graphis*e ,,lehr-,,und ,,v]su*san/alt1 ,,vi5na ,! ,art ( ! ,book 9 ,au/ria 9 its mod]n aspect is b "y1 b its developm5t is mo/ int]e/+4 ,all t is be/ 9 graphic art ( ! pa/ s]v$ z ! gr\nd-"w on :i* to build ! art ( our "t2 & ?is arti/ic basis be+ ( s f9e a calibre1 s\nd & sure1 has l$ to v satisfactory results4 ,fir/1 9 ! tea*+ ( ornam5tal writ+ "u ,pr(essor ,rudolf von ,l>is*4 ,he has exp\nd$ 8 t5ets 9 8 8,unt]ri*t 9 ornam5tal] ,s*rift10 a "w ( great value to all int]e/$ 9 ?is subject4 ,:at he aims at is =m1 configuration & spac+1 to add rhy?m to ! lett]s !mselves1 & to h>monise "o ) ano!r 9 ! build+-up ( ! ^w2 = ev5 ! simple/ ( words rightly r5d]$ %\ld be decorative4 ,he does n consid] ! creat+ ( new =ms ( p>am\nt importance1 b sets mu* /ore on ! relation ( ! lett] to ! ^w1 ! ^w to ! s5t5ce4 ,^! %\ld fit into "o ano!r 9 ! same mann] z ! compon5t p>ts ( a p]fect piece ( ar*itecture1 =1 z 9 ar*itecture we see ! f\ndation ( all art1 s 9 lett]+ ! basis ( all book decoration is to be s\ght4 ,?is !ory is support$ by ! /udy ( e>ly pr9t$ works & m p>ticul>ly s 9 ^? pr9t$ t[>ds ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,"h we see ! aim 0 to a*ieve h>mony 9 type1 ornam5t & illu/ration4 ,?is1 too1 is ! aim ( ^? :o produce arti/ic books o!r ?an ^? issu$ by ! ord9>y publi%]4 ,un=tunately !re are b few ( ! =m] class 9 ,au/ria4 ,b _m ( ! ,au/rian arti/s are engag$ 9 illu/rat+ books = ,g]man & o!r publi%]s4 ,9 ,vi5na1 ,artur ,wolf has publi%$ "s v f9e works illu/rat$ by ,franz von ,bayros1 ,f]d9& ,/aeg]1 & o!r arti/s2 ,koneg5's s]ies ( *ildr5's books1 illu/rat$ by ,m>ianne ,hits*mann-,/e9b]g]1 are full ( *>m & und]/&+ ( *ild life2 ,g]la* & ,wi$l+'s books = *ildr5 h be5 illu/rat$ by v>i\s arti/s3 ,pr(essor ,czes*ka1 ,k>l ,fahr+]1 ,f4 ,/aeg]1 ,franz ,wacik1 ,frule9 ,frimb]g] among o!rs4 ,t excell5t "w is be+ done may be ga!r$ f our illu/rations4 ,frule9 ,c4 ,hasselw&] has done v good "w z an illu/rator ( *ildr5's /ories2 ,c4 ,ky/r& has won r5[n z an illu/rator ( ref9$ hum\r2 ,f]d9& ,/aeg] is "o ( ! be/-kn[n illu/rators ( ! 8,mn*n] ,jug5d10 & a draughtsman ( great v>iety & vitality2 ,w5zel ,oswald & ,gu/av ,kalhamm] are pa/ /ud5ts ( ! ,imp]ial 8,kun/gew]bes*ule0 9 ,vi5na & are ess5tially decorative 9 _! art2 :ile ,dagob]t ,pe*e hails f ! ,imp]ial ,academy & 8 "w is ( a highly decorative "*4 ,alfr$ ,kell] is an ar*itect by pr(ession1 z is ,dagob]t ,pe*e1 b he is also an illu/rator ( books1 8 *ief =te ly+ 9 l9e draw+4 ,"s ( ! ,au/rian arti/s excel 9 ! design+ ( book-b9d+s1 & x is safe to say _! "w w a*ieve la/+ fame4 ,! m5tion ( names su* z ,pr(essors ,josef ,h(fmann1 ,koloman ,mos] & ,czes*ka1 are suffici5t to v\* = ?is ass]tion2 ,anton ,h(] & ,rudolf ,gey]1 bo? pa/ /ud5ts ( ! ,imp]ial ,arts & ,crafts ,s*ool1 h also done "s v beautiful "w :i* w live4 ,all ^! arti/s h produc$ b9d+s :i* 9 quality ( design1 mat]ial1 & workman%ip are all t c\ld be desir$4 ,9 ! design+ ( new types excell5t results h be5 a*iev$4 8,czes*ka's ,antiqua10 ! inv5tion ( ,pr(essor ,czes*ka1 is extremely beautiful 9 its simplicity4 ,x has be5 acquir$ by ,messrs4 ,g5zs* & ,heyse1 ( ,hamburg1 & is illu/rat$ on page #baa4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cov] ,,design ,,by ,f4 ,,kysela1 ,,= ,,nova ,,edice1 ,,prague ,dr4 ,rudolf ,junk's new type is *>act]iz$ by ! same high qualities ?\gh x diff]s widely 9 =m f t ( ,pr(essor ,czes*ka2 ,h]r ,mad]'s type is less cle>1 ?\gh x is int]e/+4 ,= ?is ,pr(essor ,h(fmann has made ! bord]s & ornam5t4 ,frule9 ,s*midt may also be c\nt$ among/ ^? :o h creat$ new & int]e/+ types4 ,^! h all be5 publi%$ by ! 8,h(-und ,/aatsdruck]ei40 ,9 ! prov9ces ,bohemia holds ! fir/ place 9 ! ,art ( ! ,book1 :i* is b natural consid]+ h[ high a pre/ige ,prague1 ,pils51 ,kutt5b]g1 & o!r ( h] t[ns enjoy$ 9 bygone ages4 ,9 mod]n graphic art & book-decoration _m ,cze* arti/s h di/+ui%$ !mselves4 ,! v>i\s reproductions "h %[ t _! inspirations are ^? ( ! true arti/4 ,to ^! mu/ be add$ ,zd5ka ,braun]ov1 ,adolf ,kap>1 & ,vojt* ,preissig4 ,t ! publi%]s are collaborat+ ) ! arti/s is a good sign1 & ! next few ye>s w no d\bt see fur!r developm5ts4 ,! fact t ! mod]n movem5t 9 ,bohemia 9 ! ,art ( ! ,book is /ill 9 its infancy1 & t1 9 spite ( ?is1 s mu* t is good has already be5 done1 speaks well = ! future4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tailpiece ,,design$ ,,by ,,h$wig ,,s*mi$l1 ,,= ,,! ,,imp]ial ,,graphis*e ,,lehr-,,und ,,v]su*san/alt1 ,,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,,ornam5t ,,by ,,w5zel ,,oswald ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,page ,,design$ ,,by ,f4 ,,kysela4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! 8,,nova ,,edice10 ,,prague ,illu/ration3 ,,d$ication ,,page ,,design$ ,,by ,v4 ,h4 ,,brunn]1 ,,= ,,pu%k9',s 8,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,cz> ,,saltan40 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! 8,,spolek ,,esk,,* ,,bibli(il0 ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,page ,,design$ ,,by ,j4 ,,b5da4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,hejda ,a ,,tu,,ek1 ,,prague ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,page ,,design$ ,,by ,,vladim,r ,,upansk4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! 8,,spolek ,,manes10 ,,prague ,illu/ration3 ,,pages ,,( ,,type ,,& ,,bord] ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(essor ,c4 ,o4 ,,czes*ka1 ,,ca/ ,,by ,,g5zs* ,,& ,,heyse1 ,,hamburg ,illu/ration3 ,,examples ,,( ,,ornam5tal ,,writ+ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,rud4 ,,von ,,l>is* ,,f 8,,unt]ri*t ,,9 ,,ornam5tal] ,,s*rift0 ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,r$ ,,%agre51 ,,) ,,emboss$ ,,gold ,,ornam5tation ,,design$ ,,by ,,rudolph ,,gey]1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,,alb]t ,g,,n!r ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,black ,,%agre51 ,,) ,,emboss$ ,,gold ,,ornam5tation ,,design$ ,,by ,,rudolph ,,gey]1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,,alb]t ,g,,n!r ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,russian ,,lea!r1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,tool+4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,h5ryk ,,uziemblo1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,,rob]t ,,jahoda ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,russian ,,lea!r1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,tool+4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,h5ryk ,,uziemblo1 ,,execut$ ,,by ,,rob]t ,,jahoda ,illu/ration3 7,9 ! possession ( ,h4 ,e4 ,dr4 ,fri$ri* ,piffl1 ,pr9ce-,bi%op ( ,vi5na7 ,,silv] ,,bookb9d+1 ,,) ,,lea!r ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,anton ,,h(] ,illu/ration3 ,,lea!r ,,bookb9d+1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,josef ,,h(fmann ,,execut$ ,,by ,,! ,,wi5] ,,w]k/aette ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,bucksk91 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,tool+4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,,josef ,,h(fmann ,,execut$ ,,by ,,! ,,wi5] ,,w]k/aette ,illu/ration3 ,,pap] ,,cov] ,,design$ ,,by ,,dora ,,gross ,illu/ration3 ,,pap] ,,cov] ,,design$ ,,by ,,hansi ,,burg]-,,divecky1 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,imp]ial ,,graphis*e ,,lehr-,,und-,,v]su*san/alt1 ,,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,,pap] ,,cov] ,,design$ ,,by ,,rob]t ,,fu*s1 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,imp]ial ,,graphis*e ,,lehr-,,und-,,v]su*san/alt1 ,,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,,pap] ,,cov] ,,design$ ,,by ,,gu/av ,,kalhamm] ,illu/ration3 ,,pap] ,,cov] ,,design$ ,,by ,,anton ,,h(]4 ,,= ,,!y] ,,und ,,h>dtmu? ,illu/ration3 ,,pap] ,,cov] ,,design$ ,,by ,f4 ,,kobliha ,illu/ration3 ,,tailpiece ,,& ,,cov] ,,design ,,by ,,h$wig ,,s*mi$l ,illu/ration3 ,,bord] ,,& ,,end-,,pap] ,,designs ,,by ,,alfr$ ,,kell]4 ,,= ,l4 ,,/aakmann1 ,,leipzig ,illu/ration3 ,,ornam5ts ,,& ,,end-,,pap] ,,design ,,by ,,dagob]t ,,pe*e ,illu/ration3 ,,initial ,,lett] ,,& ,,bord] ,,design$ ,,by ,,pr(4 ,c4 ,o4 ,,czes*ka4 ,,= ,,g5zs* ,,& ,,heyse1 ,,hamburg ,illu/ration3 ,,ornam5ts ,,& ,,tailpieces ,,by ,,w5zel ,,oswald ,illu/ration3 ,,ornam5ts ,,by ,,gu/av ,,kalhamm] ,illu/ration3 ,,decorative ,,illu/rations ,,by ,,f]d9& ,,/aeg] ,illu/ration3 ,,decorative ,,illu/rations ,,by ,,f]d9& ,,/aeg] ,illu/ration3 ,,decorative ,,illu/rations ,,by ,,alfr$ ,,kell]1 ,,= ,r4 ,h4 ,,b>ts*',s 8,,bitt]s,,sse ,,liebesges*i*te0 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,l4 ,,/aakmann1 ,,leipzig ,illu/ration3 ,,decorative ,,illu/ration ,,by ,,alfr$ ,,kell] ,,= 8,,das ,,bu* ,,d] ,,kle95 ,,kle950 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,l4 ,,/aakmann1 ,,leipzig ,illu/ration3 ,,decorative ,,illu/ration ,,by ,c4 ,,hasselw&] ,illu/ration3 ,,decorative ,,illu/ration ,,by ,c4 ,k,,y/r& ,,= 8,,pi]rot ,,als ,,s*ildwa*e40 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,s4 ,,czeig] ,illu/ration3 ,,initial ,,lett] ,,by ,,gu/av ,,m>is* ,illu/ration3 ,,decorative ,,illu/rations ,,by ,,m>ianne ,,hits*mann-,,/e9b]g] ,,= 8,,koneg5',s ,,k9d]b,,*]40 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,koneg51 ,,vi5na ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,book ,,9 ,,hung>y ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,page ,,writt5 ,,9 ,,cork4 ,,by ,,blasius ,,busay 7,,arts ,,& ,,crafts ,,s*ool1 ,,budape/7 ,! developm5t ( art 9 ,hung>y rea*$ its highe/ po9t 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! influ5ce ( ! ,italian r5aissance made itself felt 9 ?is c\ntry soon] ?an any:]e else1 = ,ma?ias ,corv9us ga!r$ r\nd him at 8 ,c\rt a great _m ,italian arti/s & humani/s1 & acquir$ num]\s f9ely pa9t$ books & manuscripts4 ,! few rema9+ treasures ( 8 libr>y1 call$ corv9as1 are wond]ful examples ( r5aissance book-illu/rations1 mo/ly ! "w ( ,italian m9iaturi/s1 = x w\ld seem t ,hung>ian arti/s 7 n employ$ by ! ,k+4 ,political conflicts & w>s put an end to ! progress ( art1 & !n came ! dom9ation ( ! ,turks1 :o de/roy$1 or all[$ to p]i%1 ! exi/+ monum5ts ( art4 ,!re are _m reasons to acc\nt = ! long p]iod ( depression 9 book-production & illu/rative art :i* foll[$4 ,up to z late z ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ! educat$ classes 9 ,hung>y adopt$ ,lat9 = conv]sation1 & x 0 also ! (ficial & legal language ( ! c\ntry4 ,/ud5ts w5t to ,italy & ,g]many to acquire culture4 ,consequ5tly =eign influ5ces 7 p>am\nt1 & only ! *eape/ books 7 produc$ at home4 ,! native typography c\ld n compete ) t ( o!r c\ntries1 ! art ( ! book fell into decay1 & ,hung>ian arti/s 7 only employ$ 9 "w ( less] importance4 ,! books :i* h be5 publi%$ 9 ,hung>y dur+ ! la/ few ye>s %[ a di/9ct advance :5 comp>$ ) ^? previ\sly produc$4 ,?is is 9 a l>ge measure due to ! tra9+ (f]$ at ! ,national ,arts & ,crafts ,s*ool at ,budape/1 :]e opportunity is giv5 = ! /udy ( typography1 & *>act]s bas$ on ! national art h be5 introduc$ & popul>iz$4 ,!re is a special class = design+ script bas$ ^u ! be/ ( ! old national manuscripts :i* comb9e ! mo/ desirable qualities--legibility & arti/ic =m4 ,?ree excell5t examples ( ! "w ( ! /ud5ts are reproduc$ on pages #bcg to #bci4 ,illu/ration3 ,,headpiece ,,& ,,initial ,,lett] ,,by ,,alex&] ,,nagy4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,! 8,j,,kai0 ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice ,hung>y is happy 9 possess+ a numb] ( really clev] book decorators1 ?\gh _m ( !m h settl$ outside _! native c\ntry1 & _! "w has 9 "s respects little ( ! purely national *>act]i/ics4 ,a notable example ( ?is is to be f\nd 9 ! draw+s ( ! ,m>quis ,franz von ,bayros1 a ,hung>ian by race1 ,croatia be+ 8 native prov9ce1 ^: "w be>s no relation to 8 nationality4 ,delicate1 ref9$1 & em95tly decorative1 x possesses a grace :i* recalls ! poetic *>m ( ! ftes galantes1 & is yet1 9 its te*nical dext]ity & subtle compreh5sion ( ! requirem5ts ( black-&-:ite1 mod]n 9 feel+4 ,we reproduce "s *>m+ examples ( ?is arti/'s "w4 ,v diff]5t 9 conception & treatm5t1 b m national 9 "*1 is ! decorative illu/ration by ,*>les ,ks 7page #bcf7 = 8 poem1 8,! ,dea? ( ,attila02 :ile o!r em95t book-decorators are ,willy ,pogny1 _m ( ^: draw+s h be5 publi%$ 9 ,engl&1 ,alex&] ,nagy & ,kries*-,krsfi1 bo? lead]s ( ! fam\s ,gdll gr\p ( arti/s4 ,nagy is a ma/] ( l9e1 end[$ ) a poetic imag9ation1 & he adopts ) wond]ful success ^? =ms 9 :i* ! ,hung>ian nation is s ri*4 ,*>act]i/ic ( 8 art is ! headpiece %[n on ?is page4 ,a qua9tly treat$ frontispiece by ,blasius ,busay is also reproduc$4 ,! orig9al design 0 execut$ 9 burnt cork4 ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,page ,,design$ ,,by ,,franz ,,von ,,bayros ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,artur ,,wolf1 ,,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,,decorative ,,illu/rations ,,by ,,franz ,,von ,,bayros ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,artur ,,wolf1 ,,vi5na ,illu/ration3 ,,decorative ,,illu/ration ,,by ,,franz ,,von ,,bayros ,,= ,,von ,,s*loemps',s 8,,d] ,,p]v]se ,,maik,,f]0 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,georg ,m,,ll]1 ,,muni* ,illu/ration3 ,,book-,,cov] ,,design ,,by ,,franz ,,von ,,bayros1 ,,= ,l4 ,h4 ,,rosegg]',s 8,,von ,k,,nig5 ,,und ,,jakob9]n0 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,seiff]t1 ,,ko/ritz ,illu/ration3 8,,dea? ,,( ,,attila40--,,decorative ,,illu/ration ,,by ,,*>les ,,kos ,illu/ration3 ,,example ,,( ,,writ+ ,,) ,,re$ ,,p54 ,,by ,,paul ,,b5csik ,,/ud5t ,,( ,,! ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts ,,s*ools1 ,,budape/ ,illu/ration3 ,,example ,,( ,,writ+ ,,) ,,re$ ,,p54 ,,by ,,imre ,,katona ,,/ud5t ,,( ,,! ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts ,,s*ool1 ,,budape/ ,illu/ration3 ,,example ,,( ,,writ+ ,,) ,,re$ ,,p54 ,,by ,,imre ,,katona ,,/ud5t ,,( ,,! ,,arts ,,& ,,crafts ,,s*ool1 ,,budape/ ,illu/ration3 ,,ornam5t ,,by ,,franz ,,von ,,bayros1 ,,= 8,,die ,,se*zehnte ,,ehefreude40 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,artur ,,wolf1 ,,vi5na ,,sw$5 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,book ,,9 ,,sw$5 ,,by ,,augu/ ,,brunius ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,f 8,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,sw$i% ,,woodcuts40 ,,ornam5ts ,,by ,,artur ,,sahl,n4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,nor/$t ,,und ,s,,n] ,9 ,sw$51 z else:]e1 ! latt] half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury br\ght ab\t a bright] p]iod = ! ,art ( ! ,book z reg>ds typography1 quality ( pap]1 & b9d+4 ,/ill ! decay _h h>dly be5 z great z 9 o!r bran*es ( decoration & h&icraft4 ,two publi%+ firms1 ,p4 ,a4 ,nor/$t1 ,/ockholm1 & ,b]l+1 ,lund1 h ma9ta9$ a high /&>d ( book-mak+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a m arti/ic "* 0 adopt$ betwe5 #ahgj & #ahhj by us+ traditional means1 by imitat+ ,go?ic manuscripts1 or by a some:at arbitr>y use ( ,old ,nor!rn ornam5tal art4 ,! r5aissance1 :i* 9 ,sw$5 bur/ =? at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9eties1 orig9at$ 9 a revival ( int]e/ 9 ! decorative arts1 especially 9 ! textiles ( ! ,vik+ & ,saga p]iods4 ,! ,old ,nor!rn _s ran l an und]curr5t ?r\gh ! life ( ! :ole c\ntry1 & culm9at$ 9 ,artur ,hazelius's epo*-mak+ museum "w1 ,skans5 & ! ,nor!rn ,museum4 ,j at ! "r mom5t !re 0 add$ a practical /udy ( mod]n bookmak+ 9 ,engl& & on ! ,cont95t4 ,a :ole g5]ation 0 seiz$ by ! new ideas :i* 7 proclaim$ ) su* p[] by ,william ,morris4 ,to initiate a movem5t1 comb9+ z x does arti/ic & practical k1 a passionate ideali/ is requir$4 ,su* an ideali/ is ,waldem> ,za*risson1 a pr9t] ( ,go!nburg 7born #ahfa74 ,he /udi$ 9 ,sw$5 & at ! be/ pr9t+ firms 9 ,hamburg1 ,leipzig1 ,vi5na1 ,b]l91 & ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 & develop$ 8 ta/e by con/ant /udy ( ! ma/]pieces ( great times & ! new ,engli% & ,am]ican f9e pr9t+ practis$ by ,morris & ,de ,v9ne4 ,z soon z he _h secur$ 8 own great bus9ess he began to "w = ! rais+ ( ! :ole trade4 ,he f\nd$ a union ( exp]ts1 8,allmnna ,sv5ska ,boktrycka-refr5+50 7,sw$i% ,pr9t]s' ,society71 :i* work$ = ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,museum ( ,indu/rial ,art 9 ,/ockholm & ! ,te*nical ,s*ool = ,indu/rial ,art 9 ,go!nburg4 ,9 a numb] ( ways1 ?r\gh arti/ic adv]tisem5ts & articles 9 ! trade pap]s1 he tri$ to prep>e ! gr\nd = a high] /&>d 9 ! pr9t+-trade g5]ally1 & 8 di/9ct practical outlook made 8 ef=ts em95tly successful4 ,lately 9 ,sw$5 ! common feature 9 ! aims = develop+ ! art ( ! book has be5 ! acc5tuation ( ! national "*4 ,! difficulties h "h be5 consid]able4 ,z yet we d n possess a f\nt design$ by a ,sw$i% arti/1 b ! types we h are f\nd$ on an old pr$ilection = ! ,roman type4 ,already 9 #aeej ! ,roman type _h be5 introduc$ into ,sw$54 ,dur+ ! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies ,sw$i% ta/e 0 conc5trat$ ^u ,dut* & ,fr5* models4 ,! ,roman type :i* is n[ us$ 9 ,sw$51 & :i* is cut 9 ,hamburg1 sugge/s ,caslon's some:at mod]niz$ type4 ,x is call$ 8,m$ival-,roman10 & has _m advantages1 is easy to read1 & has an unassum+ simplicity4 ,! light tone may p]haps sometimes seem monoton\sly grey4 ,engli% read]s w c]ta9ly f9d its resemblance to ! ,engli% type1 b w also easily discov] ! diff]5ces4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ,sw$i% pr9t+ t x appe>s to be/ advantage & is mo/ p]sonal 9 publications ( an occasional "* int5d$ = a select public4 ,! re/ ( ! productions are on a consid]ably l[] level4 ,to ,engli% & ,fr5* ta/es our belles lettres %[ an a/oni%+ lack ( typographical unity4 ,!re is a great v>iety 9 ! size & makeup1 & also v>i\s _m-col\r$ pap] cov]s1 bo? ( good & bad /yle1 are us$4 ,h[ev]1 an improvem5t has occurr$ 9 ! la/ few ye>s1 a quiet] ta/e has manife/$ itself4 ,a good /ep =w>d is ! excell5t publication ( ,sw$i% classics issu$ by ! 8,sv5ska ,vitt]hetssamfundet0 7! ,sw$i% ,lit]ature ,society71 & pr9t$ at ,alb]t ,bonni]'s works4 ,"h a sev]e & pure /yle is comb9$ ) exquisite mat]ial1 & great c>e is be/[$ ^u ! typography4 ,an und]tak+ l ?is w\ld be a cr$it to any c\ntry4 ,9 equally good /yle is ! ,sw$i% edition ( ,olaus ,magnus's 8,hi/oria de ,g5tibus ,sept5trionalibus10 publi%$ by ano!r society1 ! 8,mi*aelisgillet0 7! ,mi*ael ,guild74 ,x 0 writt5 ab\t #aeej by ! la/ ,ca?olic ,ar*bi%op ( ,sw$51 :o 0 "o ( ! greate/ travell]s & mo/ int]e/+ writ]s ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,! text is illu/rat$ by old woodcuts1 :i* _h be5 c>ri$ out accord+ to ,olaus ,magnus's own designs4 ,two volumes ( ?is spl5did "w h be5 pr9t$ by ,almqvi/ & ,wiksell1 ,uppsala4 ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,f 8,,bonde-,,practica40 ,,initial ,,lett] ,,by ,,leon ,,welamson4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,br,,d]na-,,lag]/r,m ,9 a simil> mann] ! great ,h&icraft ,exhibition at ,/ockholm 9 #aiji produc$ f\r ,sw$i% classics2 !y 7 giv5 z prizes 9 a lott]y4 ,^! f\r books 7 arrang$ & pr9t$ by f\r diff]5t firms1 an a*ievem5t :i* c\ld n h be5 accompli%$ t5 ye>s e>li]4 ,?is g5]al survey ( ! art ( ! book dur+ ! la/ decades w\ld be incomplete if x did n m5tion a pr9t+ firm :i*1 ?r\gh its good typography1 n[ occupies a prom95t position4 ,! two bro!rs ,hugo & ,c>l ,lag]/rm h be/[$ a great deal ( lab\r on try+ to atta9 a high] level 9 pr9t+4 ,!y le>nt _! trade 9 ,g]many1 ,engl&1 & ,france1 & work$ = "s ye>s--"o 9 ,/ockholm1 ! o!r 9 ,cop5hag5--be=e !y f\nd$ ! ,lag]/rm ,bro!rs pr9t+ firm 9 #aijc4 ,!y h also tak5 a prom95t "p 9 ! arts & crafts movem5t g5]ally4 ,!y />t$ a pap] call$ ! ,nordisk ,boktryck>kon/ 7,nor!rn ,art ( ,pr9t+71 & f\nd$ two societies1 "o ( :i* is ! abovem5tion$ 8,mi*aelisgillet40 ,dr4 ,isak ,collijn1 a di/+ui%$ libr>ian1 0 ! ?ird f\nd]4 ,! fir/ book ,lag]/rm ,bro!rs pr9t$ 0 a k9d ( typographical prospectus4 ,among ! eight volumes by ,augu/ ,/r9db]g !re is a *emical "w call$ 8,antib>b>us40 ,?is book 0 decorat$ by a "y arti/1 ,artur ,sjgr51 :o is a book-decorator ) a pr(\nd k ( old ,sw$i% typography4 ,! book 0 pr9t$ 9 a small *oice edition on h&-made pap]1 & f\r pages are %[n "h 7pp4 #bdi to #beb74 ,s9ce !n ,lag]/rm ,bro!rs h publi%$ num]\s l>ge & small books1 always = a m limit$ public1 b at a price :i* only slightly exce$s ! ord9>y book-prices4 ,_! productions express ! same ideas ( compromise t ! ,engli% ,m$ici ,society is /riv+ =4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pap] ,,cov] ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,nor/$t ,,und ,s,,n] ,! bibliophile public 9 ,sw$5 leans t[>ds ! old books1 & w\ld n support a real ari/ocratic book-bus9ess on new l9es & ) mod]n aims4 ,lag]/rm ,bro!rs1 h[ev]1 h pr9t$ "s ( ! mo/ beautiful ,sw$i% books1 ) & )\t decoration3 a c\ple ( hi/orical memoirs f ! "t ( ,*>les ,,xii2 a s]ies ( small books select$ f old ,sw$i% lit]ature2 & f9ally1 a repr9t ( a book :i* c]ta9ly has no equival5t 9 ,engli% lit]ature1 b :i* all ! same w\ld probably h "s int]e/ = an ,engli% public4 ,! title is 8,bonde-practica10 & x is a k9d ( text-book = peasants 9 nature-/udy & hygi5e1 p>tly writt5 9 v]se4 ,! book 0 publi%$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #affb4 ,x is a collection ( obs]vations f\nd$ on ! !ories ( a/rology1 & told ) mu* hum\r4 ,?is book reveals ! ,sw$i% outlook on life & ! education ( ! p 9 old5 times4 ,leon ,welamson1 a "y arti/1 has made = ! new edition ( ?is curi\s old book "s simple & vigor\s illu/rations1 :i* )\t be+ imitations are execut$ 9 ! old /yle4 ,x is a ma/]piece ( ,sw$i% typography4 ,book illu/rations & decoration play an important "p 9 ! mod]n art ( ! book4 ,illu/rat$ books h always be5 popul>1 & _m ( our be/ arti/s ( to-day began _! c>e]s z illu/rators4 ,c>l ,l>sson is a typical ,sw$i% illu/rator & a di/+ui%$ pa9t]4 ,he illu/rates1 9 col\r or black-&-:ite1 8 own text4 ,b he belongs to an old] s*ool 9 s f> z he does n pay s mu* att5tion to ! claims ( decoration4 ,olle ,hjortzb]g is a comp>atively "y arti/4 ,he is 9 "p influ5c$ by ! mod]n ,engli% s*ool ( book decorators1 & has done "w t w\ld satisfy ev5 ! mo/ exact+ critics4 ,he has acquir$ an extraord9>y ma/]y ov] ! e>ly ,*ri/ian language ( symbols1 & has 9 8 books us$ x 9 an ornam5tal mann] ) great success4 ,at pres5t he is engag$ on a ri*ly decorat$ 8,/ate0 ,bible1 78,gu/av ,v's ,bible107 a gigantic und]tak+1 9 :i* bo? arti/ & pr9t] hope to surpass !mselves 7p4 #bdh74 ,:ile ,olle ,hjortzb]g & ,artur ,sjgr5 are m closely atta*$ to ! te*nique ( ! book1 ,e9> ,n]man1 "o ( ! y\nge/ ,sw$i% arti/s1 is m indep5d5t4 ,he has illu/rat$ sev]al *ildr5's books & has done "s c>icatures4 ,!re is a t\* ( ! rococo 9 8 draw+1 & elegance comb9$ ) a bold wit :i* proves "s ,fr5* influ5ce4 ,8 curv+ l9es br+ =? a 8rogui%ness0 t is unp>allel$ 9 ,sw$i% art1 & c comp>e ) ! be/ =eign examples4 ,! illu/rations to ! well-kn[n tale by ,hans ,&]s51 8,pet] ! ,sw9eh]d0 7p4 #bef71 are purely orig9al4 ,f9ally1 a few words reg>d+ mod]n ,sw$i% bookb9d+4 ,our productions h1 f ! sixte5? c5tury up to ! pres5t "t1 foll[$ sometimes ,g]man & sometimes ,fr5* models2 dur+ c]ta9 p]iods1 h[ev]1 our craftsman h produc$ "w important & orig9al en\gh to be call$ 8,sw$i%40 ,! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury especially 0 a fl\ri%+ age = ! art ( bookb9d+4 ,a hundr$ ye>s lat] ! art began to lose its value & importance1 b be=e _m decades _h pass$ ! fir/ sign ( an upw>d t5d5cy 0 notic$4 ,x 0 9 #ahhf1 :5 ,gu/af ,h$b]g return$ f ,p>is & ,london :]e he _h be5 /udy+ = a long "t4 ,he has design$ & c>ri$ out num]\s b9d+s1 & has be5 especially successful 9 atta9+ a ri* effect by small means4 ,8 +5uity & ability 9 giv+ ev5 to a simple b9d+ an orig9al "* are qualities associat$ ) ! great craftsm5 ( all "t4 ,! ,c\ntess ,eva ,sp>re1 ne ,mann]heim1 is at pres5t our lead+ arti/ 9 bookb9d+1 9 ! s5se t ! "w is entirely h] own1 indep5d5t ( traditional /yle & orig9al 9 composition1 9 execution1 & especially 9 col\r-effects4 ,%e has n execut$ a great numb] ( b9d+s1 b !y are all di/+ui%$ by individual "*1 v mode/ 9 _! ornam5tation1 & exquisite 9 ! use ( ! mat]ials4 ,miss ,greta ,morss+1 :o has *iefly /udi$ ! mod]n ,engli% tool$ "w1 is also an accompli%$ expon5t ( ! art4 ,illu/ration3 ,,initial ,,lett]s ,,design$ ,,by ,,artur ,,sj,,gr5 ,illu/ration3 ,,half-,,title ,,page ,,f ,,gu/av ,v',s ,,bible4 ,,design$ ,,by ,,olle ,,hjortzb]g4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,br,,d]na ,,lag]/r,m ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,f ,,augu/ ,,/r9db]g',s 8,,antib>b>us40 ,,) ,,decorations ,,by ,,artur ,,sj,,gr54 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,br,,d]na ,,lag]/r,m ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,f ,,augu/ ,,/r9db]g',s 8,,antib>b>us40 ,,) ,,decorations ,,by ,,artur ,,sj,,gr54 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,br,,d]na ,,lag]/r,m ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,f ,,augu/ ,,/r9db]g',s 8,,antib>b>us40 ,,) ,,initial ,,lett] ,,by ,,artur ,,sj,,gr54 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,br,,d]na ,,lag]/r,m ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,f ,,augu/ ,,/r9db]g',s 8,,antib>b>us40 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,br,,d]na ,,lag]/r,m ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,nig] ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,greta ,,morss+ ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,nig] ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,greta ,,morss+ ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,r$ ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+4 ,,by ,,greta ,,morss+ ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,tool$ ,,lea!r4 ,,by ,,c\ntess ,,eva ,,sp>re ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,r$ ,,calf1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,,gu/af ,,h$b]g ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,blue ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,,gu/af ,,h$b]g ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,gre5 ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,,gu/af ,,h$b]g ,illu/ration3 ,,bookb9d+ ,,9 ,,br[n ,,morocco1 ,,) ,,inlay ,,& ,,gold ,,tool+ ,,by ,,gu/af ,,h$b]g ,illu/ration3 ,,head-,,pieces ,,by ,,e9> ,,n]man ,,= ,,hans ,,&]s5',s 8,,p] ,,sv9ah]de40 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,p4 ,a4 ,,nor/$t ,,und ,s,,n] ,,am]ica ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,book ,,9 ,,am]ica ,,by ,,william ,,dana ,,orcutt ,! ,art ( ! ,book 9 ,am]ica receiv$ a trem5d\s impetus z a result ( ! "w ( ,william ,morris 9 ,engl&4 ,previ\s to t "t ,am]ican pr9t+ %[$ no orig9ality1 ! f9e/ examples be+ bas$ firmly ^u ! be/ ,engli% "w ( ! p]iod4 ,! highe/ po9t ( excell5ce 0 rea*$ dur+ ! decade f #ahfj to #ahgj1 & no bett] example ( or?odox pr9t+ c\ld be cit$ ?an ! 8,life ( ,prescott10 produc$ by ! ,univ]sity ,press 9 #ahfd4 ,aft] #ahgj1 & d[n to ! date ( ! ,morris revival1 well-made volumes 7 issu$ f ! ,univ]sity1 ! ,riv]side & ! ,de ,v9ne ,presses1 b ! av]age quality det]iorat$4 ,! transition ( book-mak+ f a trade to an art dates f ! appe>ance ( ! ,kelmscott volumes4 ,naturally en\gh1 ! e>ly effect ( ! en?usiasm ov] ,morris's "w 0 ! issuance ( a s]ies ( mon/rosities2 b ! v mi/akes made by ^! zeal\s typographical disciples 7 educational1 produc+ a mom5tum :i* f9ally br\ght excell5t results4 ,^? :o copi$ ,morris fail$2 ^? :o 7 enc\rag$ by 8 dep>ture f ! beat5 track to ?9k = !mselves succe$$ 9 reta9+ ! basic pr9ciples ^u :i* ! "w ( ! ma/] pr9t]s has always firmly re/$1 apply+ !m 9 ! light ( mod]n conditions1 & giv+ !m orig9ality by _! individual exp]im5ts4 ,morris's "w made m5 ?9k1 broke d[n ! smugness ( prec$5t1 & enabl$ pr9t+ to become an art4 ,cobd5-,s&]son's "w accompli%$ mu* 9 help+ ,am]ican pr9t+ to assume a sane /atus aft] ! hectic en?usiasm ( ! ,morris p]iod4 ,/ud5ts ( typography came to realize t ,william ,morris belong$ to ! great decorators r ?an to ! ma/] pr9t]s2 t x 0 8 sup]b presswork1 & ! g5]al h>mony ( ! factors :i* w5t into 8 books1 r ?an 8 typography ov]load$ ) design1 :i* repres5t$ 8 real contribution to ! mak+ ( ! ,book ,ideal4 ,:5 ! ,doves ,press1 9 cont9u+ ,morris's "w1 sub/itut$ a m classical f\nt ( type1 bas$ ^u an ,italian model ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 !re 0 a quick response 9 ,am]ica 9 dropp+ ! t5d5cy t[>ds ! ,go?ic1 eng5d]$ by ! type faces cut by ! ,kelmscott ,press4 ,dur+ ! next t5 ye>s m orig9al & bett] types 7 cut1 & volumes 7 produc$ :i* c>ri$ pr9t+ z an art to a high] po9t ?an x _h previ\sly atta9$4 ,( ! types cut "u ! s-call$ ,go?ic influ5ce1 ! 8,r5n]0 ( ! ,de ,v9ne ,press is among ! be/4 ,!odore ,l4 ,de ,v9ne1 ^: rec5t dea? remov$ ! doy5 ( ,am]ican ma/] pr9t]s1 0 responsible = ! well-su/a9$ reputation ( 8 ,press dur+ 8 active association ) x4 ,z a te*nical ma/] ( typography1 & 9 8 magnific5t presswork1 he translat$ himself into 8 books1 b ! exactness ( 8 tra9+ is reproduc$ 9 8 translation ( ,r5n]'s design into ! rigidity ( mod]n type4 ,! page :i* is reproduc$ "h 7p4 #bfd71 tak5 f "o ( ! _m sup]b ,groli] ,club publications produc$ by ! ,de ,v9ne ,press1 %[s bo? ! ,r5n] model & ! mod]n expression ( x z int]pret$ by ,mr4 ,de ,v9ne4 ,! oblique s]if ( ! e1! fancy curve to ! h1 & ! sup]flu\s curl at ! top ( ! g introduce features :i* are =eign to ! model1 & give to ! mod]n type a 8jobb9ess0 :i* unque/ionably detracts f ! o!rwise dignifi$ appe>ance ( ! face4 ,! ,gilliss ,press1 ^: "w is n[ susp5d$1 has contribut$ its %>e to ! r5aissance ( pr9t+ 9 ,am]ica4 ,its limit$ editions ( ! books ( ,william ,lor+ ,&rews & o!r volumes issu$ = private di/ribution %[ excell5ce ( workman%ip & h>mony 9 conception r ?an orig9ality 9 treatm5t4 ,in/ead ( specially design$ type1 ^! volumes are ri* 9 decoration1 ! arti/ic quality ( :i* ranks ) ! be/4 ,at ! ,m]rym\nt ,press1 ,mr4 ,d4 ,b]keley ,updike has produc$ a numb] ( volumes :i* h made _! impress ^u ,am]ican typography because ( 8 s9c]ity 9 c>ry+ out 8 ann\nc$ purpose ( 8und]tak+ ! "w ( to-day 9 ! _s ( ! be/ days ( pr9t+40 ,two special faces ( type h be5 design$ = ! ,m]rym\nt ,press1 bo? ( :i* are among ! successful faces cut 9 ,am]ica4 ,! 8,montallegro0 type1 design$ by ,h]b]t ,p4 ,horne1 ( ,london1 is us$ 9 ! volumes ( ! 8,humani/ic ,libr>y10 issu$ by ,mr4 ,updike1 ( :i* a page is "h giv5 7p4 #bfe74 ,( ! type ! ,london ,a!num says3 8,we are incl9$ to say n only t x is bett] ?an any ( ! _m attempts :i* h result$ f ,morris's revival ( ! art ( pr9t+1 b also t x is ev5 m p]fect ?an any ( ! fifte5?-c5tury f\nts on ! /udy ( :i* t revival 0 bas$4 ,x is 444 absolutely )\t affectation 444 & s p]fectly are ! proportions ( ! lett]s h>moniz$ t e page is a ?+ ( beauty4 ,we regret t x 0 res]v$ = an ,am]ican pr9t] to br+ out su* an admirable f\nt4444 ,x is ! fir/ "t t a f\nt has be5 design$ 9 mod]n times :i* satisfies at once practical & /hetic dem&s4 ,mr4 ,horne has solv$ a problem :i* has ex]cis$ u ev] s9ce we began to ?9k aga9 t pr9t+ 0 an art40 ,! 8,m]rym\nt0 type1 design$ by ,b]tram ,grosv5or ,goodhue1 is bas$ ^u fifte5?-c5tury models1 & has attract$ mu* fav\rable comm5t4 ,! 8,holy ,bible0 & ! 8,life ( ,b5v5uto ,cell9i10 f :i* pages are "h reproduc$ 7p4 #bfi71 are repres5tative examples bo? ( ! type & ( ! typographical /&>ds ( ! ,press4 ,! writ] ( ?is pres5t article w\ld hesitate to include 8 own design ( 8,humani/ic0 type except t x has come to be accept$ by typographical /ud5ts z repres5t+ an approa* to ! art f a /&po9t entirely diff]5t f t ( o!r design]s4 ,! fir/ types 7 naturally bas$ ^u ! be/ h&-lett]+ ( _! "t1 yet h&-lett]+1 z an art1 rea*$ its z5i? aft] pr9t+ began1 9 ! "w ( ! ,humani/ic scribes4 ,?is type is bas$ !re=e n ^u an e>ly type1 b ^u h&-lett]+ at its highe/ po9t ( p]fection4 ,! pages :i* are %[n "h 7pp4 #bff & #bfg7 h be5 tak5 f 8,! ,triumphs ( ,francesco ,petr>*10 produc$ at ! ,univ]sity ,press "u ! writ]'s sup]vision4 ,an exam9ation ( ^! pages w %[ t ! pr9ciple ^u :i* ! f\nt is cut diff]s radically f t %[n 9 regul> mod]n types1 namely1 ! asc5d+ lett]s are %ort & ! desc5d+ lett]s long4 ,! designs ( ! lett]s closely foll[ ^? ( ! h&writt5 model1 yet avoid ! inevitable slight irregul>ity ( su* "w1 :i* w\ld prove unpleasant 9 a pr9t$ page4 ,in/ead ( a s+le "* = ea* lett]1 a c]ta9 v>iety is introduc$ by hav+ sev]al *>act]s1 ! compositor be+ tra9$ to use ! diff]5t =ms exactly z ! h& w\ld automatically make a *ange 9 h&-lett]+4 ,*>les ,eliot ,norton says ( ?is3 8,mo/ mod]n type lacks fre%ness & individuality1 & ! new f\nt to :i* ! "n #8,humani/ic' has be5 giv5 %[s its contra/ to ! famili> dry1 me*anical =m4 ,!re is attractive fre$om & unusual grace 9 its l9es1 d]iv$ imm$iately f ! manuscript model1 b adapt$ to ! necess>y rigid requirem5ts ( pr9t40 ,among o!r important volumes produc$ at ! ,univ]sity ,press are ^? decorat$ by ,b]tram ,grosv5or ,goodhue & ,w ,bradley1 two arti/s ^: "w 9 book-decoration /&s 9 a class by itself4 ,mu* ( ,goodhue's "w reflects ! ,morris influ5ce1 z w be se5 9 ! page %[n f 8,e/h]0 7p4 #bfh72 b 8 ability 9 orig9al design is indicat$ by ! bord] & initial ( ! 8,songs ( ,h]$ia10 :i* is giv5 on ! same page4 ,bradley's "w evid5ces ! greate/ v]satility ( any decorative arti/ ,am]ica has produc$4 ,"s ( 8 "w %[s ,be>dsley's influ5ce1 b no s+le influ5ce c\ld control s orig9al a g5ius z ,bradley has prov$ himself to be4 ,! two examples reproduc$ "h 7pp4 #bgj & #bga7 repres5t ! extremes 9 8 "w--"o drawn ) a delicacy & accuracy ( l9e :i* is m>vell\s 9 its execution2 ! o!r bold & heavy1 giv+ a woodcut effect4 ,no "o arti/-pr9t] has contribut$ s mu* to ,am]ican typography z ,bruce ,rog]s1 ^: 8,montaigne0 type is easily ! be/ & mo/ practical ( any special face1 & ^: productions :ile associat$ ) ! ,riv]side ,press are m>k$ by an orig9ality & a consi/5cy ( excell5ce beyond :at has be5 atta9$ by any o!r ,am]ican pr9t]4 ,he1 bett] ?an anyone else1 ?r\gh 8 k ( types & 8 skill z a design]1 has giv5 expression to ! basic pr9ciples ( ! old-"t ma/] pr9t]s awak5$ by mod]n conditions4 ,8 monum5tal folio edition ( ,montaigne--pages ( :i* are reproduc$ "h 7pp4 #bgb & #bgc7--;demon/rates a h>mony ( effect em95tly appropriate to ! /yle & p]iod ( its cont5ts4 ,! type itself is bas$ ^u an e>ly ,fr5* model1 & ! decorations & ! initial lett]s 7p4 #bgd7 are free r5d]+s by ,rog]s ( ! orig9al designs by ,tory1 9 :i* ! ret5tion ( ! design]'s _s is admirably accompli%$4 ,dur+ ! pa/ five ye>s ! ,plimpton ,press has contribut$ mu* to elevate ! /&>d ( pr9t+ & b9d+ by aboli%+ to a l>ge ext5t ! preval5t cu/om ( publi%]s to produce _! volumes by 8piecemeal40 ,?is has result$ 9 *ang+ ! mak+ ( books f a contract+ to a manufactur+ bus9ess1 & has _h its effect 9 rais+ ! quality ( ! s-call$ 8trade0 volumes4 ,:5 ! composition1 presswork1 & b9d+ ( a book are divid$ up among z _m firms1 ! result ( ! divid$ responsibility (t5 means a g5]al det]ioration ( quality2 b by ! 8complete manufacture0 me?od ! volume is plann$ out 9 advance1 ev5 to ! pap]1 cov] design1 & illu/rations1 by a s+le m9d4 ,?is places ! pr9t] 9 ! position ( exp]t manufactur+ man to a l>ge numb] ( 8 cu/om]s1 & enables him to pres]ve /&>ds & to introduce economies by pur*as+ supplies 9 l>g] quantities1 & by comb9+ =ms ( text & illu/rations 9 ! manufacture4 ,! influ5ce :i* a publi%] c ex]t ^u ! ,art ( ! ,book is %[n by ! s]ies ( classics issu$ 9 exquisite =m by ,mr4 ,?omas ,b4 ,mo%]1 at prices )9 ! rea* ( all4 ,^! volumes are di/9ct evid5ces ( 8 own ta/e & k r ?an triumphs ( ! pr9t]1 = ,mr4 ,mo%] has express$ himself 9 ! type1 m>g9s1 pap]1 & ! g5]al =mat ( 8 admirable publications4 ,x w\ld be difficult to e/imate ! f>-rea*+ results 9 ! g5]al advance 9 typographical /&>ds due to two magaz9es1 ,! ,pr9t+ ,art & ,! ,graphic ,arts4 ,! mon?ly issues ( ^! publications h %[n ord9>y pr9t]s h[ to produce "w above ! av]age by plac+ be=e !m actual examples ( ! be/ comb9ations ( type1 pap]1 & col\r h>monies4 ,!y h be5 educational 9 ! extreme1 tea*+ buy]s ( pr9t+ z well z pr9t]s h[ to secure ! effects desir$4 ,9 ! matt] ( dome/ic production ,am]ica %[s little orig9ality 9 book-pap]s1 ! 8,old ,/rat=d0 be+ ! only di/9ctive exception4 ,no h&-made book-pap] is n[ produc$ 9 ,am]ica1 ow+ pr9cipally to ! high co/ ( lab\r4 ,?is makes x possible to import f ,engl&1 ,france1 & ,italy *eap] ?an to manufacture at home4 ,! 8,old ,/rat=d0 pap]1 h[ev]1 is a unique product1 & is us$ mu* 9 volumes ( de luxe =mat1 & 9 books :]e la/+ qualities are dem&$4 ,9 cov]-pap]s1 on ! o!r h&1 ,am]ica produces a bewild]+ l9e1 :i* q excels ^? ( o!r c\ntries1 (f]+ a v>iety ( selection :i* is a trem5d\s aid to ! pr9t] 9 secur+ arti/ic results4 ,f9e bookb9d+ 9 ,am]ica is at pres5t conf9$ to a small numb] ( individual work]s1 mo/ly pupils ( ! fam\s ,engli% & ,fr5* b9d]s1 & _! pr9cipal claim to orig9ality ( processes may be said to be an ef=t to comb9e ! workman%ip ( ! ,engli% ) ! arti/ic skill 9 decoration ( ! ,fr5*4 ,! ,club ,b9d]y1 :i* fl\ri%$ 9 ,new ,york dur+ ! lifetime ( ,mr4 ,rob]t ,hoe1 c\ld sc>cely be call$ an ,am]ican in/itution1 z its be/ workm5 7 br\ght to ?is c\ntry = ?is special purpose4 ,s9ce 8 dea? ?is b9d]y has be5 brok5 up1 & ! f9e/ "w is to-day be+ done by wom54 ,_! skill & workman%ip rank high1 b !y are h&icapp$ by ! excessive co/ ( lab\r & by ! fact t all _! lea!rs mu/ be import$4 ,! inevitable high] price makes x natural t ,am]ican book-collectors %\ld cont9ue to s5d _! volumes abroad = f9e b9d+s4 ,among/ ^? ^: "w is mo/ highly priz$ may be m5tion$ ,miss ,se>s & ,miss ,/4 ,john ( ,bo/on1 & ,miss ,lahey ( ,new ,york4 ,9 ord9>y trade b9d+s ! processes are m & m r$uc$ to ma*9e production1 b 9 ! be/ b9d]ies ?is /&>dization has by no means prov$ a det]ioration 9 quality4 ,am]ican trade books z a :ole comp>e fav\rably ) ^? ( o!r c\ntries1 b x is q true t ! con/antly increas+ co/ ( e phase ( book manufacture is 9 "s in/ances caus+ ,am]ican publi%]s to economize1 & to accept a grade ( "w inf]ior to :at !y w\ld h consid]$ a few ye>s ago4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 %\ld n be reg>d$ z a reflection ^u ,am]ican workman%ip1 b r ^u ,am]ican conditions :i* =ce x4 ,9 cov] design pla9 lett]+ /ill obta9s = books ( fiction & = s]i\s works1 b consid]able elaboration is us$ ^u small] volumes issu$ z seasonable publications1 or ) a specific appeal4 ,a few *>act]i/ic examples are reproduc$ on pp4 #bge & #bgf4 ,x is impossible1 )9 ! scope ( ?is article1 to d m ?an *ronicle "s ( ! results ( ! rem>kable advance made 9 ! /&>ds ( book-manufactur+ 9 ,am]ica dur+ ! pa/ t5 ye>s4 ,! k ( :at con/itutes a well-made volume is mu* great] ?an ev] be=e1 & ! ability ( ! buy+ public to discrim9ate is ! mo/ hopeful promise = ! future4 ,9 ! omission ( o!r examples ( pr9t+ & b9d+1 & ( m5tion ( o!r arti/s entitl$ to cr$it = ! "p !y h play$ 9 advanc+ ! ,art ( ! ,book 9 ,am]ica1 ! writ] pleads ! limitations impos$ by space4 ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,f 8,,title-,,pages0 7,,! ,,groli] ,,club7 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! 8,,r5n]0 ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,!odore ,,l[ ,,de ,,v9ne ,illu/ration3 ,,m]rym\nt ,,press3 ,,page ,,f 8,,! ,,humani/ic ,,libr>y0 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! 8,,montallegro0 ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,h]b]t ,p4 ,,horne ,illu/ration3 ,,title-,,page ,,f 8,,! ,,triumphs ,,( ,,francesco ,,petr>*0 7,,little1 ,,br[n ,,& ,,co4 ,,& ,,john ,,murray7 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! 8,,humani/ic0 ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,william ,,dana ,,orcutt ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,f 8,,! ,,triumphs ,,( ,,francesco ,,petr>*0 7,,little1 ,,br[n ,,& ,,co4 ,,& ,,john ,,murray7 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! 8,,humani/ic0 ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,william ,,dana ,,orcutt ,illu/ration3 ,,bord] ,,& ,,initial ,,lett]s ,,design$ ,,by ,,b]tram ,,grosv5or ,,goodhue ,,= 8,,e/h]0 7,,copel& ,,& ,,day7 ,illu/ration3 ,,bord] ,,& ,,initial ,,lett] ,,design$ ,,by ,,b]tram ,,grosv5or ,,goodhue ,,= 8,,songs ,,( ,,h]$ia0 7,,small1 ,,mayn>d ,,& ,,co47 ,illu/ration3 ,,m]rym\nt ,,press3 ,,title ,,& ,,op5+ ,,pages ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! 8,,m]rym\nt0 ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,b]tram ,,grosv5or ,,goodhue ,illu/ration3 ,,page ,,design$ ,,by ,,w ,,bradley ,,f 8,,! ,,campbell ,,book0 ,illu/ration3 ,,bord] ,,& ,,initial ,,lett] ,,design$ ,,by ,,w ,,bradley4 ,,f 8,,! ,,campbell ,,book0 ,illu/ration3 ,,frontispiece ,,& ,,title-,,page ,,design$ ,,by ,,bruce ,,rog]s ,,f 8,,essays ,,( ,,montaigne0 7,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9 ,,& ,,co47 ,illu/ration3 ,,op5+ ,,pages ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! 8,,montaigne0 ,,type ,,design$ ,,by ,,bruce ,,rog]s ,,f 8,,essays ,,( ,,montaigne0 7,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9 ,,& ,,co47 ,illu/ration3 ,,initial ,,lett]s ,,design$ ,,by ,,bruce ,,rog]s4 ,,f 8,,essays ,,( ,,montaigne0 7,,h\ghton1 ,,miffl9 ,,& ,,co47 ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+-,,cases ,,by ,,! ,,plimpton ,,press ,,/udio ,illu/ration3 ,,b9d+-,,cases ,,by ,,! ,,plimpton ,,press ,,/udio