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text2                         und]scores
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,transcrib] notes c be f\nd at ! end ( !
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,fabian ,tract ,no4 #de4        ,,!     
,,impossibilities ,,(      ,,an>*ism4   
,,by      ,,b]n>d ,,%aw        ,,publi%$
 ,,by      ,,! ,,fabian ,,society       
,,price ,,twop5ce        ,,london       
,,to ,,be ,,obta9$ ,,( ,,! ,,fabian     
,,society1 #bgf ,,/r&1 ,w4,c4           
,,repr9t$ ,,novemb] #ahie          ,,!  
,,impossibilities ,,( ,,an>*ism4#a      
,an>*i/s & ,sociali/s4      ,"s ye>s    
ago1 z ! practical policy ( ! ,sociali/ 
p>ty 9  ,engl& began to %ape itself m & 
m def9itely into !  program (           
,social-,democracy1 x became app>5t t we
 c\ld n  progress )\t ! grave/          

violations ( pr9ciples ( all sorts4  ,9 
p>ticul>1 ! democratic side ( ! program 
0 f\nd to  be incompatible ) ! sacr$    
pr9ciple ( ! ,autonomy ( !  ,individual4
 ,x also involv$ a recognition ( !      
,/ate1 an in/itution  altoge!r repugnant
 to ! pr9ciple ( ,fre$om4 ,worse ?an t1 
x involv$ compromise at e /ep2 &        
pr9ciples1 z ,mr4 ,john  ,morley once   
eloqu5tly %[$1 mu/ n be compromis$4 ,!  
result  0 t _m ( u fell to qu>rell+2    
refus$ to associate )  "o ano!r2 d5\nc$ 
ea* o!r z trimm]s or ,impossibili/s1    
accord+ to our side 9 ! controv]sy2 &   
f9ally succe$$ 9  creat+ a consid]able  
/ock ( ill-feel+4 ,my own side 9 !      
controv]sy 0 ! unpr9cipl$ "o1 z         
,socialism to me has always  meant1 n a 
pr9ciple1 b c]ta9 def9ite economic      
measures  :i* ,i wi% to see tak54       
,inde$1 ,i h (t5 be5 reproa*$ =  limit+ 
! t]m ,socialism too mu* to ! economic  
side ( ! great  movem5t t[>ds equality4 
,t movem5t1 h[ev]1 appe>s to me to  be z
 mu* an ,individuali/ z a ,sociali/ "o2 

& ?\gh !re are  ,sociali/s1 l ,sir      
,william ,h>c\rt1 to :om ,socialism     
means !  sum total ( humanit>ian        
aspiration1 9 :i* ! transf] ( "s        
millions ( acres ( prop]ty f private to 
public own]%ip mu/  seem b an iness5tial
 & ev5 undesirable detail1 ?is sublim]  
%ade ( ,socialism suff]s f su* a lack ( 
conc5tration ^u  def9ite measures1 t1 b 
= ! honor & glory ( ! ?+1  its pr(essors
 might z well call !mselves             
,cons]vatives4 ,n[ :at  ) ,sociali/s (  
?is sort1 & p]sons :o f\nd t ! practical
  rem$y = :ite slav]y 0 incompatible ) !
 pr9ciple (  ,lib]ty1 & ! practical     
rem$y = despotism incompatible )  !     
pr9ciple ( ,democracy1 & ! practical    
conduct ( politics  incompatible ) !    
pr9ciple ( ,p]sonal ,integrity 79 ! s5se
  ( hav+ y\r own way 9 ev]y?+71 !       
practical m5 7 at la/  driv5 into frank 
,opportunism4 ,:51 = in/ance1 !y f\nd   
national  & local organization ( ! work+
 classes oppos$ by ,sociali/s on  !     
gr\nd t ,socialism is univ]sal &        

int]national 9 pr9ciple2  :5 !y f\nd _! 
,radical & ,trade ,unioni/ allies       
o/raciz$  by ,sociali/s = be+ outside ! 
pale ( ! ,sociali/ fai? "o  &           
indivisible2 :5 !y saw agricultural     
labor]s ali5at$ by  undiscrim9at+       
d5unciations ( allotm5ts z              
individuali/ic2  !n !y felt ! full =ce (
 ! say+ t ,socialism w\ld  spread fa/   
en\gh if x 7 n = ! ,sociali/s4 ,x 0 bad 
en\gh to h to cont5d ) ! cons]vative    
=ces ( ! mod]n  unsociali/ ,/ate )\t    
also hav+ to fight ! sev5 deadly        
virtues 9 possession ( ! ,sociali/s     
!mselves4 ,! conflict  betwe5 ideal     
,socialism & practical                  
,social-,democracy de/roy$  ! ,*>ti/    
organization half a c5tury ago1 z x     
de/roy$ !  ,sociali/ ,league only ! o!r 
day4 ,b x has nev] gone s f> z  !       
conflict betwe5 ,social-,democracy &    
,an>*ism4 ,= ! ,an>*i/s  w recomm5d     
ab/5tion f vot+ & refusal to pay taxes 9
  cases :]e ! ,social-,democrats are    
/r5u\sly urg+ ! work]s  to organize _!  

votes s z to return c&idates pl$g$ to   
cont5d  = ext5sions ( ! fran*ise & =    
taxation ( une>n$ incomes1  ! object (  
su* taxation be+ ! rais+ ( ,/ate capital
 = all  sorts ( collective purposes1 f !
 op5+ ( public libr>ies to  !           
municipalization & nationalization ( our
 indu/ries4 ,9 fact1  ! d5unciation (   
,social-,democratic me?ods by ,an>*i/s  
is j  z mu* a matt] ( c\rse z !         
d5unciation ( ,social-,democratic  aims 
by ,cons]vatives4 ,x is possible t "s ( 
! /rang]s  pres5t may be surpris$ to he>
 ?is1 s9ce no di/9ction is made  9 !    
newspap]s :i* support ! exi/+ social    
ord] betwe5  ,social-,democrats &       
,an>*i/s1 bo? be+ alike ho/ile to t     
ord]4 ,9 ! columns ( su* pap]s all      
revolutioni/s are ,sociali/s2  all      
,sociali/s are ,an>*i/s2 & all ,an>*i/s 
are inc5di>ies1  assass9s & ?ieves4 ,"o 
result ( ?is is t ! imag9ative  ,fr5* or
 ,italian crim9al :o reads ! pap]s1     
sometimes decl>es1  :5 tak5 r$-h&$ 9 !  
commission ( murd] or burgl>y1 t  he is 

an ,an>*i/ act+ on pr9ciple4 ,& 9 all   
c\ntries ! m  viol5t & reckless         
temp]am5ts among ! discont5t$ are       
attract$  by ! "n ,an>*i/ m]ely because 
x sugge/s desp]ate1 ?or\gh1             
uncompromis+1 implacable w> on exi/+    
inju/ices4 ,x is !re=e  necess>y to w>n 
y t !re are "s p]sons abusively call$   
,an>*i/s by _! political oppon5ts1 &    
o!rs ignorantly s  describ$ by !mselves1
 :o are nev]!less n ,an>*i/s at all  )9 
! mean+ ( ?is pap]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m    
p]sons  :o are nev] call$ ,an>*i/s ei!r 
by !mselves or o!rs1  take ,an>*i/ gr\nd
 9 _! opposition to ,social-,democracy j
  z cle>ly z ! writ]s ) :om ,i %all m   
p>ticul>ly deal4  ,! old ,:igs & new    
,tories ( ! s*ool ( ,cobd5 & ,bright1 ! 
,philosophic ,radicals1 ! economi/s (   
:om ,ba/iat is ! type1  ,"l ,wemyss &   
,"l ,bramwell1 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] & ,mr4
 ,aub]on  ,h]b]t1 ,mr4 ,glad/one1 ,mr4  
,ar?ur ,balf\r1 ,mr4 ,john ,morley1 ,mr4
  ,leon>d ,c\rtney3 any ( ^! is1 9      
,engl&1 a m typical ,an>*i/  ?an        

,bak\n94 ,!y di/ru/ ,/ate action1 & are 
jeal\s advocates (  ! pr]ogative ( !    
individual1 propos+ to re/rict ! "o &   
to ext5d ! o!r z f> z is humanly        
possible1 9 opposition to  !            
,social-,democrat1 :o proposes to       
democratize ! ,/ate & ?r[  ^u x ! :ole  
"w ( organiz+ ! national indu/ry1 !reby 
mak+ x ! mo/ vital organ 9 ! social     
body4 ,obvi\sly !re  are natural limits 
to ! application ( bo? views2 & ,an>*i/s
  & ,social-,democrats are alike subject
 to ! fool's argum5t t  s9ce nei!r      
collective provision = ! individual nor 
individual  fre$om f collective control 
c be made complete1 nei!r p>ty  is      
?or\ghly consi/5t4 ,no dialectic ( t k9d
 w1 ,i hope1 be  f\nd 9 ! foll[+        
criticism ( ,an>*ism4 ,x is conf9$ to ! 
practical measures propos$ by ,an>*i/s1 
& raises no discussion  z to aims or    
pr9ciples4 ,z to ^! we are all agre$4   
,ju/ice1  ,virtue1 ,tru?1 ,bro!rhood1 ! 
highe/ int]e/s ( ! p1 moral  z well z   
physical3 ^! are de> n only to          

,social-,democrats &  ,an>*i/s1 b also  
to ,tories1 ,:igs1 ,radicals1 & probably
 also to  ,moonlight]s & ,dynamit>ds4 ,x
 is ) ! me?ods by :i* x is  propos$ to  
give active effect to !m t ,i am conc]n$
 "h2 &  to t po9t ,i %all n[ address    
myself by read+ y a pap] :i*  ,i wrote m
 ?an f\r ye>s ago on ! subject *os5 =   
to-night4  ,i may add t x has n be5     
reviv$ f a wanton desire to r5ew  an old
 dispute1 b 9 response to a dem& f !    
prov9cial ,fabian  ,societies1 bewild]$ 
z !y are by ! unexpect$ opposition (  ! 
,an>*i/s1 f :om !y _h r expect$ "s      
sympa?y4  ,?is old pap] ( m9e be+ ! only
 docum5t ( ! k9d available1  my         
colleagues h reque/$ me to expunge su*  
errors & follies  z ,i h gr[n out ( s9ce
 #ahhh1 & to take ?is opportunity (     
submitt+ x to ! judgm5t ( ! ,society4   
,:i* ,i %all n[ d  )\t fur!r preamble4  
,individuali/ ,an>*ism4    ,! full      
economic detail ( ,individuali/ ,an>*ism
 may be inf]r$  ) suffici5t complet5ess 
f an article entitl$ ,/ate ,socialism  &

 ,an>*ism3 h[ f> !y agree1 & :]e9 !y    
diff]1 :i*  appe>$ 9 ,m>*1 #ahhh1 9     
,lib]ty1 an ,an>*i/ j\rnal publi%$  9   
,bo/on1 ,mass41 & edit$ by ! au?or ( !  
article1 ,mr4 ,b5jam9  ,r4 ,tuck]4 ,an  
exam9ation ( any numb] ( ?is j\rnal w   
%ew t  z a c&id1 cle>-head$1 & c\rage\s 
demon/rator ( ,individuali/  ,an>*ism by
 purely intellectual me?ods1 ,mr4 ,tuck]
 may safely be  accept$ z "o ( ! mo/    
capable spokesm5 ( 8 p>ty4    ,!        
economic pr9ciples ( ,mod]n ,socialism1 
says ,mr4 ,tuck]1 are  a logical        
d$uction f ! pr9ciple laid d[n by ,adam 
,smi? 9 !  e>ly *apt]s ( 8 ,weal? (     
,nations--namely1 t labor is !  true    
measure ( price4 ,f ?is pr9ciple1 ^!    
?ree m5 ,josiah  ,w>r51 ,pr\dhon & ,m>x 
d$uc$ 't ! natural wage ( labor is  its 
product4'    ,n[ ! ,sociali/ :o is unw>y
 en\gh to accept ?is economic  position 
w pres5tly f9d himself logically        
committ$ to ! ,:ig  doctr9e (           
laissez-faire4 ,& "h ,mr4 ,tuck] w cry1 
,:y n8  ,laissez-faire is exactly :at we

 want4 ,de/roy ! money monopoly1  !     
t>iff monopoly1 & ! pat5t monopoly4     
,en=ce !n only ^?  l& titles :i* re/ on 
p]sonal occupancy or cultivation2#b  & !
 social problem ( h[ to secure to ea*   
work] ! product  ( 8 own labor w be     
solv$ simply by ev]yone m9d+ 8 own      
bus9ess4#c    ,let u see :e!r x w or n4 
,suppose we decree t h5ce=? no  m r5t   
%all be paid 9 ,engl&1 & t ea* man %all 
privately  own 8 h\se1 & hold 8 %op1    
factory1 or place ( bus9ess  jo9tly ) ^?
 :o "w ) him 9 x4 ,let ev]yone be free  
to  issue money f 8 own m9t )\t tax or  
/amp4 ,let all taxes on  commodities be 
aboli%$1 & pat5ts & copyrights be ?+s ( 
!  pa/4 ,try to imag9e y\rself "u ^!    
promis+ conditions )  life be=e y4 ,y   
may />t 9 bus9ess z a cross+ sweep]1    
%opkeep]1 colli]1 f>m]1 mill]1 bank]1 or
 :at n4 ,:atev]  y\r *oice may be1 !    
fir/ ?+ y f9d is t ! rew>d (  y\r labor 
dep5ds f> m on ! situation 9 :i* y      
ex]cise x  ?an on y\rself4 ,if y sweep !
 cross+ betwe5 ,/4 ,james's &  ,albem>le

 ,/reets y prosp] greatly4 ,b if y are  
=e/all$ n  only !re1 b at e po9t m      
c5tral ?an1 say1 ! corn] (  ,hol=d      
,squ>e1 ,isl+ton1 y may sweep twice z   
h>d z y\r rival 9  ,piccadilly1 & n take
 a fif? ( 8 toll4 ,at su* a pass y may  
well curse ,adam ,smi? & 8 pr9ciple t   
labor is ! measure (  price1 & ei!r     
advocate a democratically con/itut$     
,/ate ,sociali/  municipality1 pay+ all 
its cross+ sweep]s equally1 or else ca/ 
y\r broom ^u ! ,?ames & turn %opkeep]4  
,yet "h aga9 ! same  difficulty crops   
up4 ,y\r tak+s dep5d1 n on y\rself1 b on
 !  numb] ( p :o pass y\r w9d[ p] h\r4  
,at ,*>+ ,cross or  ,*eapside =tunes are
 to be made3 9 ! ma9 /reet at ,putney "o
  c d en\gh to hold up "o's head3 fur!r 
out1 a ?\s& y>ds  "r or left ( !        
,portsm\? ,road1 ! mo/ indu/ri\s man 9 !
  _w may g :i/le = a cu/om]4 ,evid5tly  
retail %opkeep+ is  n ! ?+ = a man ( _s 
aft] ,*>+ ,cross & ,*eapside  h be5     
appropriat$ by occupy+ own]s on !       
pr9ciple ( fir/  come fir/ s]v$4 ,y mu/ 

aspire !n to :olesale deal+--nay1 to    
bank+4 ,alas6 ! difficulty is int5sifi$ 
beyond calculation4 ,take  t f9ancial   
tr9ity1 ,glyn1 ,mills & ,currie2        
transplant !m only  a few miles f       
,lomb>d ,/reet2 & !y w soon be objects (
  pity to ! traditional sailor :o once  
pres5t$ at _! c\nt] a  *eque = #be &    
g5]\sly (f]$ to take x 9 in/alm5ts1 z he
  did n wi% to be too h>d on !m all at  
once4 ,turn+ y\r back on  bank+1 y m$dle
 9 ! :eat trade1 & end by (f]+ to       
ex*ange  an occupy+ own]%ip ( all       
,salisbury ,pla9 = p]mission to pay a   
rack r5t = premises )9 hail ( ,! ,baltic
 & its b>omet]4    ,probably !re are "s 
p :o h a bl9d belief t cross+  sweep]s1 
,! ,baltic1 ,lomb>d ,/reet1 & ! l1 are  
too utt]ly  ( ! ess5ce ( ! pres5t sy/em 
to survive ! introduction (  ,an>*ism4  
,!y w tell me t ,i am read+ ! conditions
 ( !  pres5t into ! future4 ,aga9/ su*  
in/9ctive convictions x is  va9 to      
prote/ t ,i am read+ only ,mr4 ,tuck]'s 
conditions4 ,b at  lea/ !re w be f>m+1  

mill+1 & m9+1 conduct$ by human  ag5ts1 
"u ,an>*ism4 ,n[ ! f>m] w n f9d 9 8     
p]fect  ,an>*i/ m>ket two prices at "o  
"t = two bu%els ( :eat ( !  same        
quality2 yet ! labor co/ ( ea* bu%el w  
v>y consid]ably  accord+ to ! f]tility (
 ! f>m on :i* x 0 rais$1 & !  proximity 
( t f>m to ! m>ket4 ,a good soil w (t5  
yield  ! /ronge/ & ri*e/ gra9 to less   
labor p] acre or p] bu%el  ?an mu/ be   
sp5t on l& t returns a crop less        
valuable by five  %ill+s a qu>t]4 ,:5   
all ! be/ l& is held by occupy+  own]s1 
^? :o h to cont5t !mselves ) poor] soils
 w  hail ! pr9ciple t labor is ! measure
 ( price ) ! ?umb  to ! nose4 ,among !  
mill]s1 too1 !re mu/ ne$s be griev\s    
mi/ru/ ( ,pr\dhon & ,josiah ,w>r54 ,= ( 
two m5 ) equally  good he>t to "w &     
ma*9]y to "w )1 "o may be on a /ream  t 
w easily turn six mill/ones2 :il/ ! o!r1
 by natural  default ( wat]1 or be+ cut 
(f by 8 fell[ high] up /ream1 may  b>ely
 be able to keep two pairs ( /ones 9    
ge>1 & may 9 a dry  season be ready to  

tie ^! two ab\t 8 neck & lie d[n "u !   
scum ( 8 pond4 ,c]ta9ly1 he c defy      
dr\ght by sett+ to "w  ) a /eam eng9e1  
/eel roll]s1 & all ! late/ contrivances 
= squa%+ :eat into du/ in/ead ( gr9d+ x 
into fl\r2 yet1  aft] all 8 outlay1 he w
 n be able to get a p5ny a sack m  = 8  
/uff ?an 8 competitor1 to ^: wat]-:eel  
,nature is  gratuit\sly putt+ h] %\ld]4 
,competition ev]y:]e & always  ( 8      
unaid$ /r5g? aga9/ t ( 8 rival he might 
endure2 b  to fight nak$ aga9/ "o arm$ )
 ! w9ds & waves 7= !re  are w9dmills z  
well z wat]mills7 is no s\nd ju/ice1    
?\gh x  be s\nd ,an>*ism4 ,& h[ w\ld    
occupy+ own]%ip ( m9es "w1  :5 x is an  
easi] matt] to get prime ,walls5d &     
,silk/one out  ( "o m9e ?an to get      
slates & /eam fuel out ( ano!r1 ev5     
aft] tw5ty ye>s' prelim9>y %aft-s9k+8   
,w\ld ,mr4 ,tuck]1 if  he _h on sale f a
 ri* m9e "s ,silk/one t _h only co/     
half z mu* labor z /eam coal f a        
relatively poor "o1 boldly              
ann\nce3--,prices ?is day3 ,prime       

,silk/one1 p] ton1 #bes42 be/ /eam      
ditto1 #ejs4 ,t]ms1 ca%4 ,pr9ciples1 ^? 
( ,adam ,smi?--see ',weal?  ( ,nations' 
passim8 ,c]ta9ly n ) competition ev]y:]e
  & always1 unless cu/om 0 no object to 
him 9 comp>ison )  pr9ciple4    ,x is   
useless to multiply in/ances4 ,!re is   
only "o c\ntry 9  :i* any squ>e foot (  
l& is z favorably situat$ = conduct+    
ex*anges1 or z ri*ly end[$ by nature =  
production1 z any o!r  squ>e foot2 & !  
"n ( t c\ntry is ,utopia4 ,9 ,utopia    
alone1  !re=e1 w\ld occupy+ own]%ip be  
j4 ,9 ,engl&1 ,am]ica  & o!r places1    
ra%ly creat$ )\t consult+ ! ,an>*i/s1   
,nature is all caprice & inju/ice 9     
deal+ ) ,labor4 ,"h y  scrat* h] ) a    
spade2 & e>?'s increase & foison pl5ty  
are  add$ to y4 ,on ! o!r side ( ! h$ge 
tw5ty /eam-digg]s w  n extort a turnip f
 h]4 ,/ill less adapt$ to ,an>*ism ?an  
! fields & m9es is ! cr[d$ city4 ,!     
di/ributor fl\ri%es  :]e m5 love to     
congregate3 8 "w is to br+ commodities  
to  m52 b "h ! m5 br+ !mselves to !     

commodities4 ,remove  y\r di/ributor a  
mile1 & 8 c>ts & travell]s mu/ sc\r !   
c\ntry = cu/om]s4 ,none "k ?is bett] ?an
 ! l&lords4 ,up  ,high ,/reet1 d[n ,l[  
,/reet1 ov] ! bridge & into ,cr[ ,/reet1
 !  toil]s may sweat equally = equal    
wages2 b _! product v>ies2  & ! gr\nd   
r5ts v>y ) ! product4 ,competition      
levels d[n  ! %>e kept by ! work] z x   
levels up ! h\rs ( 8 labor2  & !        
surplus1 high or l[ accord+ to !        
f]tility ( ! soil or  conv5i5ce ( !     
site1 goes z high r5t or l[ r5t1 b      
always 9  ! long run rack r5t1 to ! own]
 ( ! l&4    ,n[ ,mr4 ,tuck]'s rem$y =   
?is is to make ! occupi]--! actual      
work]--! own]4 ,obvi\sly ! effect w\ld  
be1 n to aboli% 8  advantage ov] 8 less 
favorably circum/anc$ competitors1 b    
simply  to au?orize him to put x into 8 
own pocket in/ead ( h&+ x  ov] to a     
l&lord4 ,he w\ld !n1 x is true1 be 7z f>
 z 8 place  ( bus9ess 0 conc]n$7 a work]
 in/ead ( an idl]2 b he w\ld  get m     
product z a manufactur] & m cu/om z a   

di/ributor  ?an o!r equally indu/ri\s   
work]s 9 worse situations4 ,he c\ld  ?us
 save fa/] ?an !y1 & retire f active    
s]vice at an age  :5 !y w\ld /ill h _m  
ye>s m "w be=e !m4 ,8  own]%ip ( 8 place
 ( bus9ess w\ld ( c\rse lapse 9 favor  (
 8 successor ! in/ant he retir$4 ,h[    
w\ld ! re/ ( !  community decide :o 0 to
 be ! successor--w\ld !y toss up =  x1  
or fight = x1 or w\ld he be all[$ to    
nom9ate 8 heir1 9  :i* case he w\ld ei!r
 nom9ate 8 son or sell 8 nom9ation =  a 
l>ge f9e8 ,aga91 8 retirem5t f 8 place (
 bus9ess w\ld  leave him /ill 9         
possession1 z occupy+ own]1 ( 8 private 
resid5ce2 & ?is might be ( exceptional  
or ev5 unique desirability  9 po9t (    
situation4 ,x might1 = in/ance1 be built
 on ,ri*mond  ,hill1 & comm& f its w9d[s
 ! beautiful view ( ! ,?ames  valley to 
be obta9$ f t spot4 ,n[ x is cle> t     
,ri*mond  ,hill w n accommodate all ! p 
:o w\ld r live !re  ?an 9 ! ,essex      
m>%es4 ,x is easy to say1 ,let ! occupi]
 be !  own]2 b ! "q is1 ,:o is to be !  

occupi]8 ,suppose x 7  settl$ by draw+  
lots1 :at w\ld prev5t ! w9n] f sell+  8 
privilege = its full 7une>n$7 value "u  
free ex*ange &  omnipres5t competition8 
,to su* problems z ^!1 ,individuali/    
,an>*ism (f]s no solution4 ,x !orizes   
?r\gh\t on ! assumption  t "o place 9 a 
c\ntry is z good z ano!r4    ,"u a sy/em
 ( occupy+ own]%ip1 r5t w\ld appe> only 
9 its  prim>y =m ( an excess ( ! prices 
( articles ov] ! exp5ses  ( produc+ !m1 
?us enabl+ own]s ( sup]ior l& to get m  
= _! products ?an co/ price4 ,if1 =     
example1 ! wor/ l&  wor? us+ 7 only     
"o-?ird z productive z ! be/ l&1 !n  !  
own]-occupi]s ( t be/ l& w\ld get 9 !   
m>ket !  labor co/ ( _! w>es ?ree times 
ov]4 ,?is #bjj p] c5t premium  w\ld be j
 z truly gr\nd r5t z if x 7 paid op5ly z
 su*  to ! ,duke ( ,b$=d or ! ,a/ors4 ,x
 may be ask$ :y prices mu/  g up to !   
exp5ses ( production on ! v wor/ l&4 ,:y
 n  asc]ta9 & *>ge ! av]age co/ (       
production tak+ good & bad  l& toge!r8#d
 ,simply because no?+ %ort ( ! maximum  

labor  co/ w\ld repay ! own]s ( ! wor/  
l&4 ,9 fact1 ! wor/  l& w\ld n be       
cultivat$ until ! price _h ris54 ,!     
process  w\ld be z foll[s4 ,suppose !   
ne$ ( ! population = :eat  7 satisfi$ by
 crops rais$ f ! be/ available l& only4 
,free competition 9 :eat-produc+ w\ld !n
 br+ ! price d[n  to ! labor co/ or     
exp5ses ( production4 ,n[ suppose an    
increase  ( population suffici5t to     
ov]tax ! :eat-supply+ capacity (  ! be/ 
l&4 ,! supply fall+ %ort ( ! dem&1 !    
price (  :eat w\ld rise4 ,:5 x _h ris5  
to ! labor co/ ( production  f l& "o    
degree inf]ior to ! be/1 x w\ld be wor? 
:ile to  cultivate t inf]ior l&4 ,:5 t  
new s\rce came to be ov]tax$  by ! /ill 
gr[+ population1 ! price w\ld rise aga9 
until x  w\ld repay ! co/ ( rais+ :eat f
 l& yet l[] 9 f]tility  ?an ! second    
grade4 ,b ^! desc5ts w\ld 9 n[ise dim9i%
  ! f]tility ( ! be/ l&1 f :i* :eat c\ld
 be rais$ z  *eaply z be=e1 9 spite ( ! 
rise 9 ! price1 :i* w\ld apply  to all !
 :eat 9 ! m>ket1 no matt] :]e rais$4 ,t 

is1 !  hold]s ( ! be/ l& w\ld ga9 a     
premium1 ris+ /eadily ) !  increase (   
population1 exactly z ! l&lord n[ enjoys
 a /eadily  ris+ r5t4#e ,z !            
agricultural indu/ry is 9 ?is respect   
typical ( all indu/ries1 x w be se5 n[ t
 ! price does n  rise because worse l&  
is br\ght into cultivation1 b t worse   
l& is br\ght into cultivation by ! rise 
( price4 ,or1 to put x  9 ano!r way1 !  
price ( ! commodity does n rise because 
m  labor has be5 devot$ to its          
production1 b m labor is devot$  to its 
production because ! price has ris54    
,commodities1 9 fact1  h a price be=e !y
 are produc$2 we produce !m expressly to
  obta9 t price2 & we _c alt] x by m]ely
 sp5d+ m  or less labor on !m4 ,x is    
natural = ! labor] to insi/ t  labor    
ought to be ! measure ( price1 & t ! j  
wage (  labor is its av]age product2 b !
 fir/ lesson he has to le>n  9 economics
 is t labor is n & nev] c be ! measure (
  price "u a competitive sy/em4 ,n until
 ! progress ( ,socialism  replaces      

competitive production & di/ribution1 ) 
individual gre$  = its inc5tive1 by     
,collectivi/ production & di/ribution1 )
  fair play all r\nd = its inc5tive1 w !
 prices ei!r ( labor  or commodities    
repres5t _! j value4    ,?us we see t   
competition ev]y:]e & always fails to   
circumv5t r5t :il/ ! l& is held by      
compet+ occupi]s :o  are protect$ 9 !   
individual own]%ip ( :at !y c raise f   
_! sev]al hold+s4 ,& ! great pr9ciple   
laid d[n by ,adam  ,smi?1 =mulat$ by    
,josiah ,w>r5 z ,co/ is ! prop] limit ( 
price1 turns out--s9ce 9 fact price is !
 limit ( co/--to be  m]ely a prepo/]\s  
way ( express+ ! fact t "u ,an>*ism  t  
small fraction ( ! g5]al weal? :i* 0    
produc$ "u !  lea/ favorable            
circum/ances w\ld at lea/ fet* its co/1 
:il/ all  ! re/ w\ld fet* a premium :i* 
w\ld be no?+ b privately  appropriat$   
r5t ) an ,an>*i/ mask on4    ,we see    
also t su* a phrase z ! natural wage (  
labor is its  product is a mislead+ "o1 
s9ce labor _c produce subsi/5ce  except 

:5 ex]cis$ ^u natural mat]ials & aid$ by
 natural  =ces ext]nal to man4 ,& :5 x  
is s produc$1 its value 9  ex*ange      
dep5ds 9 n[ise on ! %>e tak5 by labor 9 
its  production1 b solely to ! dem& = x 
9 society4 ,! economic  problem (       
,socialism is ! j di/ribution ( !       
premium giv5  to c]ta9 portions ( !     
g5]al product by ! action ( dem&4  ,z   
,individuali/ ,an>*ism n only fails to  
di/ribute ^!1 b  delib]ately p]mits _!  
private appropriation1 ,individuali/    
,an>*ism is ! negation ( ,socialism1 &  
is1 9 fact1 ,unsocialism  c>ri$ z ne> to
 its logical complet5ess z any sane man 
d>e c>ry  x4      ,communi/ ,an>*ism4   
,/ate ,socialism & ,an>*ism1 says ,mr4  
,tuck]1 are bas$ on two  pr9ciples1 !   
hi/ory ( ^: conflict is almo/ equival5t 
to !  hi/ory ( ! _w s9ce man came into  
x2 & all int]m$iate  p>ties1 includ+ t (
 ! uphold]s ( ! exi/+ society1  are bas$
 ^u a compromise betwe5 !m4 ,^!         
pr9ciples are  ,au?ority--! ,/ate       
,sociali/ pr9ciple1 & ,lib]ty--! ,an>*i/

  pr9ciple4 ,/ate ,socialism is !n def9$
 z ! doctr9e t all  ! affairs ( m5 %\ld 
be manag$ by ! gov]nm5t1 reg>dless  (   
individual *oice1 :]eas ,an>*ism is !   
doctr9e t all  ! affairs ( m5 %\ld be   
manag$ by individuals or volunt>y       
associations1 & t ! ,/ate %\ld be       
aboli%$4    ,n[ mo/ revolutioni/s w     
admit t !re 0 a /age 9 !  gr[? ( _!     
op9ions :5 ! above seem$ an adequate    
/atem5t  ( ! alt]natives be=e !m4 ,b1 z 
we h se51 :5 !  ,individuali/ ,an>*i/   
proce$s to r$uce 8 pr9ciple to practice1
  he is inevitably l$ to ,mr4 ,tuck]'s  
program ( competition ev]y:]e  & always 
among occupy+ own]s1 subject only to !  
moral law (  m9d+ _! own bus9ess4 ,no   
soon] is ?is =mulat$ ?an its  effect on 
! di/ribution ( weal? is exam9$ by !    
economi/1 :o  f9ds no tr\ble 9 convict+ 
x1 "u ! economic law ( r5t1  (          
privilege1 monopoly1 inequality1 unju/  
indirect taxation1 &  ev]y?+ t is mo/   
repugnant to ,an>*ism4 ,b ?is />tl+     
rev]se1 h[ev] x may put ! ,an>*i/ out ( 

conceit ) 8  program1 does n 9 ! lea/   
reconcile him to ,/ate ,socialism4 ,x   
only *anges 8 m9d on "o po9t4 ,:il/ 8   
program satisfi$ him1  he 0 cont5t to   
admit t ,/ate ,socialism 0 ! only       
possible  alt]native to ,individuali/   
,an>*ism--nay1 he r insi/$  on x1       
because ! evils ( ! ,/ate ,sociali/     
alt]native 7  /rong inc5tives to !      
acceptance ( ! o!r4 ,b ! mom5t x        
becomes app>5t t ! "o is economically z 
bad z ! o!r1  ! disillusion$            
,individuali/ ,an>*i/ becomes conv9c$ ( 
!  insuffici5cy ( 8 analysis ( ! social 
problem1 & foll[s x  up 9 ord] to f9d   
out a t]tium quid1 or ?ird sy/em :i*    
%all  collect & ju/ly di/ribute ! r5t ( 
! c\ntry1 & yet prev5t  ! collect+ &    
di/ribut+ organ f acquir+ ! tyrann\s    
p[]s ( gov]nm5ts z we "k !m4 ,!re are   
two su* sy/ems at  pres5t be=e ! _w3    
,communism & ,social-,democracy4 ,n[ !re
 is  no su* ?+ z ,an>*i/                
,social-,democracy2 b !re is su* a ?+  z
 ,an>*i/ ,communism or ,communi/        

,an>*ism4 ,x is true t ,mr4  ,tuck] does
 n recognize ! ,communi/ ,an>*i/ z an   
,an>*i/ at  all3 he en]getically        
repudiates ,communism z ! utt]mo/       
negation  ( true ,an>*ism1 & w n admit  
any logical halt+ place  betwe5         
?or\ghgo+ ,/ate ,socialism & ?or\ghgo+  
,individuali/  ,an>*ism4 ,b :y insi/ on 
anybody occupy+ a logical halt+ place8  
,we are all fond ( %ew+ t on any giv5   
subject !re are only  two ( ^! safe     
spots1 "o be+ ! po9t ( agreem5t ) u1 &  
! o!r "s inconceivable extremity (      
idiocy4 ,b = ! purposes  ( ! pres5t     
criticism x w be m practical to waive   
su* crude  rationaliz+1 & conc$e t to   
deal ) ,mr4 ,tuck] )\t also  deal+ )    
,pet] ,kropotk9e is n to give ,an>*ism  
fair play4    ,! ma9 difficulty 9       
criticis+ ,kropotk9e lies 9 ! fact t1  9
 ! di/ribution ( g5]ally ne$$ labor     
products1 8 ,communism  is f9ally *eap &
 exp$i5t1 :]eas ,mr4 ,tuck]'s           
,individualism1 9  ! same dep>tm5t1 is  
f9ally extravagant & impossible4 ,ev5 "u

  ! mo/ p]fect ,social-,democracy we    
%\ld1 )\t ,communism1 /ill  be liv+ l   
hogs1 except t ea* hog w\ld get 8 fair  
%>e (  grub4 ,high z t ideal mu/ seem to
 anyone :o complac5tly accepts  ! pres5t
 social ord]1 x is h>dly high en\gh to  
satisfy a man 9  :om ! social in/9ct is 
well develop$4 ,s long z va/ quantities 
( labor h to be exp5d$ 9 weigh+ &       
measur+ ea* man's  e>n$ %>e ( ?is & t   
commodity--9 wat*+1 spy+1 polic+1  &    
puni%+ 9 ord] to prev5t ,tom gett+ a    
crumb ( bread m or  ,dick a spoonful (  
milk less ?an he has a v\*] =1 s long w 
! diff]5ce betwe5 ,unsocialism &        
,socialism be only ! diff]5ce  betwe5   
unsci5tific & sci5tific hoggi%ness4 ,i d
 n desire to  und]rate ! va/ness ( t    
diff]5ce4 ,:il/ we are hogs1 let  u at  
lea/ be well-f$1 heal?y1 reciprocally   
useful hogs1 in/ead  (--well1 in/ead ( !
 sort we are at pres5t4 ,b we %all n h  
any great reason to /& on ! dignity (   
our humanity until a j  di/ribution ( ! 
loaves & fi%es becomes p]fectly         

spontane\s1  & ! great ef=t & exp5se ( a
 legal di/ribution1 h[ev] j1  is sav$4  
,= my own "p1 ,i seek ! e/abli%m5t ( a  
/ate (  society 9 :i* ,i %all n be bo!r$
 ) a ridicul\s pocketful (  copp]s1 nor 
h to wa/e my "t 9 p]plex+ ari?metical   
ex*anges  ( !m ) book+ cl]ks1 bus       
conductors1 %opm51 & o!r  sup]flu\s     
p]sons be=e ,i c get :at ,i ne$4 ,i     
aspire to live 9 a  community :i* %all  
be at lea/ capable ( av]ag+ !           
transactions  betwe5 u well en\gh to    
asc]ta9 h[ mu* "w ,i am to d = x 9      
return = ! "r to take :at ,i want ( !   
common] necess>ies  & conv5i5ces ( life4
 ,! sav+ ( friction by su* an arrangem5t
  may be guess$ f ! curi\s fact t only  
speciali/s 9 sociology  are consci\s ( !
 num]\s in/ances 9 :i* we are to-day =c$
  to adopt x by ! v absurdity ( !       
alt]native4 ,mo/ p w  tell y t          
,communism is kn[n only 9 ?is c\ntry z a
 vision>y  project advocat$ by a h&ful (
 amiable cranks4 ,!n !y w /roll  (f     
across ! common bridge1 along ! common  

embankm5t1 by ! light  ( ! common gas   
lamp %9+ alike on ! j & ! unju/1 up !   
common /reet1 & into ! common ,trafalg> 
,squ>e1 :]e1 on !  smalle/ h9t on _! "p 
t ,communism is to be tol]at$ = an      
in/ant 9 a civiliz$ c\ntry1 !y w be     
h&ily bludgeon$ by !  common policeman1 
& hal$ (f to ! common gaol4#f ,:5 y     
sugge/  to ^! p t ! application (       
,communism to ! bread supply  is only an
 ext5sion1 involv+ no new pr9ciple1 (   
its application  to /reet light+1 !y are
 bewild]$4 ,in/ead ( pictur+ !          
,communi/ man go+ to ! common /ore1 &   
!nce tak+ 8 bread  home ) him1 !y       
in/9ctively imag9e him bur/+ ob/rep]\sly
  into 8 neighbor's h\se & snat*+ !     
bread (f 8 table on !  z mu* m9e z y\rs 
pr9ciple--:i*1 h[ev]1 has an equally %>p
  edge = ! ?ief's ?roat 9 ! =m z mu*    
y\rs z m9e4 ,9  fact1 ! av]age          
,engli%man is only capable ( und]/&+    
,communism  :5 x is expla9$ z a /ate (  
?+s "u :i* ev]y?+ is  paid = out ( !    
taxes1 & taxes are paid 9 labor4 ,& ev5 

!n  he w sometimes say1 ,h[ ab\t !      
bra9work8 & beg9 ! usual  novice's      
criticism ( ,socialism 9 g5]al4    ,n[ a
 ,communi/ ,an>*i/ may demur to su* a   
def9ition ( ,communism  z ,i h j giv52 =
 x is evid5t t if !re are to be taxes1  
!re mu/ be "s au?ority to collect ^?    
taxes4 ,i w n insi/  on ! odi\s ^w      
taxes2 b ,i submit t if any             
article--bread1 =  in/ance--be          
communiz$1 by :i* ,i mean t !re %all be 
public  /ores ( bread1 suffici5t to     
satisfy ev]ybody1 to :i* all may come  &
 take :at !y ne$ )\t "q or paym5t1 :eat 
mu/ be  gr[n1 mills mu/ gr9d1 & bak]s   
mu/ sweat daily 9 ord] to keep  up !    
supply4 ,obvi\sly1 !re=e1 ! common bread
 /ore w become  bankrupt unless e       
consum] ( ! bread contributes to its    
support  z mu* labor z ! bread he       
consumes co/s to produce4 ,communism or 
no ,communism1 he mu/ pay or else leave 
somebody else to pay = him4  ,communism 
w *eap5 bread = him--w save him ! co/ ( 
scales  & weights1 co91 book-keep]s1    

c\nt]-h&s1 policem51 & o!r  exp5ses (   
private prop]ty2 b x w n d away ) ! co/ 
( ! bread & ! /ore4 ,n[ suppos+ t       
volunt>y co-op]ation  & public _s prove 
equal to ! task ( elaborately organiz+  
! f>m+1 mill+ & bak+ indu/ries = !      
production (  bread1 h[ w ^! volunt>y   
co-op]ators recov] ! co/ ( _!  op]ations
 f ! public :o are to consume _! bread8 
,if !y  are giv5 p[]s to collect ! co/ f
 ! public1 & to en=ce  _! dem&s by      
puni%+ non-pay]s = _! di%one/y1 !n !y   
at once become a ,/ate dep>tm5t levy+ a 
tax = public purposes2  & ! ,communism (
 ! bread supply becomes no m ,an>*i/ic  
?an  our pres5t ,communi/ic supply (    
/reet light+ is ,an>*i/ic4  ,unless !   
taxation is volunt>y--unless ! bread    
consum] is free  to refuse paym5t )\t   
incurr+ any p5alty save ! reproa*es  ( 8
 consci5ce & 8 neighbors1 ! ,an>*i/     
ideal w rema9  unatta9$4 ,n[ ! pressure 
( consci5ce & public op9ion is by  no   
means to be slight$4 ,millions ( m5 &   
wom51 )\t any legal  compulsion :atev]1 

pay = ! support ( in/itutions ( all     
sorts1  f *ur*es to tall hats1 simply   
out ( _! ne$ = /&+  well ) _! neighbors4
 ,b obs]ve1 ?is compulsion ( public     
op9ion d]ives mo/ ( its =ce f !         
difficulty ( gett+ !  :]e)al to buy     
bread )\t a reputation = respectability4
  ,"u ,communism a man c\ld snap 8 f+]s 
at public op9ion )\t  />v+ = x4         
,besides1 public op9ion _c = a mom5t be 
reli$  ^u z a =ce :i* op]ates uni=mly z 
a compulsion ^u m5  to act morally4 ,its
 op]ation is = all practical purposes q 
arbitr>y1 & is z (t5 immoral z moral4 ,x
 is j z ho/ile  to ! re=m] z to !       
crim9al4 ,x hangs ,an>*i/s & wor%ips    
,nitrate ,k+s4 ,x insi/s on a man we>+ a
 tall hat & go+ to  *ur*1 on 8 m>ry+ !  
woman he lives )1 & on 8 pret5d+  to    
believe :atev] ! re/ pret5d to believe2 
& x en=ces ^!  ord9ances 9 a suffici5t  
majority ( cases )\t help f !  law3 its 
tyranny1 9 fact1 be+ s cru%+ t its      
little f+] is  (t5 f\nd to be ?ick] ?an 
! law's lo9s4 ,b !re is no s9c]e  public

 op9ion t a man %\ld "w = 8 daily bread 
if he c  get x = no?+4 ,inde$ x is j !  
o!r way3 public op9ion  has be5 educat$ 
to reg>d ! p]=mance ( daily manual labor
 z  ! lot ( ! despis$ classes4 ,! common
 aspiration is to acquire  prop]ty &    
leave (f work+4 ,ev5 memb]s ( !         
pr(essions rank  bel[ ! indep5d5t g5try1
 s call$ because !y are indep5d5t (  _! 
own labor4 ,^! prejudices are n conf9$  
to ! middle &  upp] classes3 !y are     
rampant also among ! work]s4 ,! man :o  
works n9e h\rs a day despises ! man :o  
works sixte54 ,a c\ntry  g5tleman may   
consid] himself socially sup]ior to 8   
solicitor or  8 doctor2 b !y associate  
on mu* m cordial t]ms ?an %opm5  &      
c>-m51 eng9e driv]s & railway port]s1   
bricklay]s &  hodm51 b>maids & g5]al    
s]vants4 ,"o is almo/ tempt$ 9 ?is      
c\ntry to decl>e t ! poor] ! man !      
great] ! snob1 until  y get d[n to ^? :o
 are s oppress$ t !y h n en\gh          
self-respect ev5 = snobb]y1 & ?us are   
able to pluck out ( !  he>t ( _! mis]y a

 c]ta9 irresponsibility :i* x w\ld be a 
mock]y to describe z g5u9e frankness &  
fre$om4 ,! mom5t y  rise into ! high]   
atmosph]e ( a p\nd a week1 y f9d t envy1
  o/5tation1 t$i\s & ins9c]e c]emony1   
love ( petty titles1  prec$5ces &       
dignities1 & all ! dete/able fruits (   
inequality  ( condition1 fl\ri% z rankly
 among ^? :o lose z among ^?  :o ga9 by 
x4 ,9 fact1 ! notion t pov]ty favors    
virtue 0  cle>ly inv5t$ to p]suade !    
poor t :at !y lo/ 9 ?is _w  !y w\ld ga9 
9 ! next4    ,kropotk9e1 too            
optimi/ically1 z ,i ?9k1 disposes ( !   
av]age  man by attribut+ 8 unsocialism  
to ! pressure ( ! corrupt  sy/em "u :i* 
he groans4 ,remove t pressure1 & he w   
?9k  rightly1 says ,kropotk9e4 ,b if !  
natural man be inde$ social  z well z   
greg>i\s1 h[ did ! corruption &         
oppression "u  :i* he groans ev] arise8 
,c\ld ! in/itution ( prop]ty z we  "k x 
ev] h come into exi/5ce unless ne>ly e  
man _h  be51 n m]ely will+1 b op5ly &   
%amelessly eag] to qu>t]  himself idly  

on ! labor ( 8 fell[s1 & to dom9e] ov]  
!m  :5ev] ! my/]i\s work+s ( economic   
law enabl$ him to d  s8 ,x is useless to
 ?9k ( man z a fall5 angel4 ,if !       
fallacies  ( absolute morality are to be
 admitt$ 9 ! discussion at all1 he  mu/ 
be consid]$ r z an ob/9ate & selfi%     
devil1 :o is  be+ sl[ly =c$ by ! iron   
tyranny ( ,nature to recognize t 9      
disreg>d+ 8 neighbor's happ9ess he is   
tak+ ! sure/ way to  sacrifice 8 own4 ,&
 "u ! pres5t sy/em he nev] c le>n t     
lesson ?or\ghly1 because he is an       
invet]ate gambl]1 & kn[s t  ! pres5t    
sy/em gives him a *ance1 at odds ( a    
hundr$ ?\s&  to "o or s aga9/ him1 (    
becom+ a millionaire1 a condition :i*   
is to him ! summit ( e>?ly bliss1 z f x 
he w be able to  look d[n ^u ^? :o =m]ly
 bulli$ & patroniz$ him4 ,all ?is  may  
s\nd h>%1 especially to ^? :o "k h[     
:olesomely real is  ! workman's k ( life
 comp>$ to t ( ! g5tleman1 &  h[ mu* m  
g5u9ely sympa!tic he is 9 consequ5ce4   
,inde$1 x  is obvi\s t if f\r-fif?s ( ! 

population 7 habitually to  d ! utt]    
wor/ 9 ! way ( selfi%ness t ! pres5t    
sy/em  invites !m to d1 society w\ld n  
/& ! /ra9 = six weeks4  ,s f>1 we c     
claim to be bett] ?an our in/itutions4  
,b ! fact  t we are too good = complete 
,unsocialism by no means proves t  we   
are good en\gh = ,communism4 ,!         
practical "q rema9s1  ,c\ld m5 tra9$ "u 
our pres5t sy/em be tru/$ to pay = _!   
food scrupul\sly if !y c\ld take x =    
no?+ ) impunity8  ,cle>ly1 if !y did n s
 pay1 ,an>*i/ ,communism w\ld be        
bankrupt  9 two days4 ,! answ] is t all 
! evils aga9/ :i* ,an>*ism  is direct$  
are caus$ by m5 tak+ advantage ( !      
in/itution (  prop]ty to d ?is v        
?+--seize _! subsi/5ce )\t work+  = x4  
,:at reason is !re = d\bt+ t !y w\ld    
attempt  to take exactly ! same         
advantage ( ,an>*i/ ,communism8 ,& :at  
reason is !re to d\bt t ! community1    
f9d+ its bread /ore  bankrupt1 w\ld     
in/antly pit* its ,an>*ism to ! f\r     
w9ds1 &  come d[n on ! default]s ) !    

/rong h& ( a law to make !m  pay1 j z !y
 are n[ compell$ to pay _! ,income ,tax8
 ,i submit1  !n1 to our ,communi/       
,an>*i/ fri5ds t ,communism requires    
ei!r  ext]nal compulsion to labor1 or   
else a social morality :i* !  evils (   
exi/+ society %ew t we h fail$ z yet to 
atta94  ,i d n d5y ! possibility ( !    
f9al atta9m5t ( t degree  (             
moralization2 b ,i cont5d t ! pa? to x  
lies ?r\gh a  transition sy/em :i*1     
in/ead ( (f]+ fre% opportunities to  m5 
( gett+ _! liv+ idly1 w de/roy ^?       
opportunities  altoge!r1 & wean u f !   
habit ( reg>d+ su* an anomaly z         
possible1 mu* less honorable4    ,x mu/ 
n be suppos$ t ! economic difficulties  
:i* ,i po9t$  out z fatal to            
,individuali/ ,an>*ism are entirely     
remov$ by  ,communism4 ,x is true t if  
all ! bread & coal 9 ! c\ntry  7 ?r[n   
into a common /ore f :i* ea* man c\ld   
take z  mu* z he want$ :5ev] he pleas$  
)\t direct paym5t1 !n no  man c\ld ga9  
any advantage ov] 8 fell[s f ! fact t "s

  f>ms & "s coal-m9es are bett] ?an     
o!rs4 ,& if e man  c\ld /ep into a tra9 
& travel :i!r he w\ld )\t a ticket1  no 
individual c\ld speculate 9 ! diff]5ce  
betwe5 ! traffic  f ,*>+ ,cross to !    
,mansion ,h\se & t f ,ryde to ,v5tnor4  
,"o ( ! great advantages ( ,communism w 
und\bt$ly be t huge  masses ( economic  
r5t w be socializ$ by x automatically4  
,all  r5t aris+ f ! value ( commodities 
9 g5]al use :i* c  be produc$1 consum$1 
& replac$ at ! w ( man to ! full  ext5t 
to :i* !y are want$1 c be made r5t free 
by communiz+  !m4 ,b !re mu/ rema9      
outside ?is solution1 fir/1 ! ?+s  :i*  
are n 9 suffici5tly g5]al use to be     
communiz$ at all2  second1 ?+s ( :i* an 
unlimit$ free supply might prove a      
nuisance1 su* z g9 or pr9t+2 & ?irdly1  
?+s = :i* !  dem& exce$s ! supply4 ,!   
la/ is ! in/ance 9 :i* ! r5t  difficulty
 recurs4 ,x w\ld take an extraord9>y    
c\rse ( demolition1  recon/ruction1 &   
l&scape g>d5+ to make e dwell+ h\se  9  
,london z desirable z a h\se 9 ,p>k     

,lane1 or fac+ ,reg5t's  ,p>k1 or       
ov]look+ ! ,embankm5t ,g>d5s4 ,& s9ce   
ev]ybody _c  be accommodat$ !re1 !      
exceptionally favor$ p]sons :o occupy   
^? sites w c]ta9ly be expect$ to r5d] an
 equival5t =  _! privilege to ^? :om !y 
exclude4 ,)\t ?is !re w\ld  evid5tly be 
no true socialization ( ! habitation (  
,london4 ,?is  means1 9 practice1 t a   
public dep>tm5t mu/ let ! h\ses out  to 
! highe/ bidd]s1 & collect ! r5ts =     
public purposes4  ,su* a dep>tm5t c     
h>dly be call$ ,an>*i/ic1 h[ev]         
democratic  x may be4 ,i might g on to  
enl>ge consid]ably on ! limits to !     
practicability ( direct ,communism1 :i* 
v>ies f commodity to  commodity2 b "o   
difficulty1 if insurm\ntable1 is z      
conclusive z  tw5ty4    ,x is suffici5t 
= our pres5t purpose to h %ewn t        
,communism  _c be ideally ,an>*i/ic1    
because x does n 9 ! lea/ d  away ) !   
necessity = compell+ p to pay = :at !y  
consume2 & ev5 :5 ! gr[? ( human "*     
removes t  difficulty !re w /ill rema9 !

 "q ( ^? commodities  to :i* ! simple   
,communi/ me?od ( s-call$ free          
di/ribution  is inapplicable4 ,"o       
practical po9t m requires a ^w2 & t  is 
! difficulty ( communiz+ any bran* (    
di/ribution )\t  fir/ collectiviz+ x4 ,=
 in/ance1 we might easily communize !   
po/al s]vice by simply ann\nc+ t 9      
future lett]s w\ld be  c>ri$ )\t /amps j
 z !y n[ are ) !m1 ! co/ be+  ?r[n      
entirely ^u imp]ial taxation4 ,b if !   
po/al s]vice 71  l mo/ ( our di/ributive
 bus9ess1 9 ! h&s ( ?\s&s (  compet+    
private trad]s1 no su* *ange w\ld be    
directly possible4  ,communism mu/ gr[  
out ( ,collectivism1 n out ( an>*ic     
private  ent]prise4 ,t is to say1 x _c  
gr[ directly out ( ! pres5t  sy/em4     
,b mu/ ! transition sy/em !re=e be a    
sy/em ( despotic  co]cion8 ,if s1 x w be
 wreck$ by ! int5se impulse ( m5  to    
escape f ! dom9ation ( _! own k9d4 ,9   
#ahhh a ,russian  subject1 giv+ evid5ce 
be=e ! ,sweat+ ,inquiry 9 ! ,h\se (     
,lords1 decl>$ t he left ! ,russian     

dom9ion1 :]e he work$  ?irte5 h\rs a    
day1 to "w eighte5 h\rs 9 ,engl&1       
because he is  fre] "h4 ,reason is dumb 
:5 confront$ ) a man :o1 exhau/$  )     
?irte5 h\rs' toil1 w turn to = ano!r    
five h\rs =  ! sake ( be+ free to say t 
,mr4 ,glad/one is a bett] man ?an  ,"l  
,salisbury1 & to read ,mill1 ,sp5c]1 &  
,reynold's ,newspap]  9 ! six h\rs left 
to him = sleep4 ,x br+s to m9d ! /ory ( 
! ,am]ican judge :o tri$ to induce a    
runaway slave to return to  ! plantation
 by po9t+ out h[ mu* bett] he 0 treat$  
!re  ?an ! free wage-nigg] ( !          
,abolitioni/ /ates4 ,yes1 said !        
runaway2 b w\ld y g back if y 7 9 my    
place8 ,! judge  turn$ ,abolitioni/ at  
once4 ,^! ?+s are n to be reason$ away4 
,man w submit to fate1 circum/ance1     
society1 any?+ t comes  imp]sonally ov] 
him2 b aga9/ ! p]sonal oppressor1 :e!r  
p>5t1 s*oolma/]1 ov]se]1 (ficial *ief1  
or k+1 he et]nally  rebels4 ,l !        
,russian1 he w r be compell$ by         
necessity  to agree to "w eighte5 h\rs1 

?an ord]$ by a ma/] to "w  ?irte54 ,no  
mod]n nation1 if depriv$ ( p]sonal      
lib]ty or national  autonomy1 w\ld /op  
to ?9k ( its economic position4 ,e/abli%
 a  =m ( ,socialism :i* %all deprive ! p
 ( _! s5se (  p]sonal lib]ty2 &1 ?\gh x 
d\ble _! rations & halve _!  work+ h\rs1
 !y w beg9 to conspire aga9/ x be=e x is
 a  ye> old4 ,we only disapprove (      
monopoli/s3 we hate ma/]s4    ,!n1 s9ce 
we are too di%one/ = ,communism )\t     
taxation or  compulsory labor1 & too    
insubord9ate to tol]ate task "w "u      
p]sonal compulsion1 h[ c we ord] !      
transition s z to introduce  j          
di/ribution )\t ,communism1 & ma9ta9 !  
inc5tive to  labor )\t ma/]%ip8 ,! answ]
 is1 by ,democracy4 ,& n[1 hav+  tak5 a 
positive attitude at la/1 ,i mu/ give up
 criticiz+ !  ,an>*i/s1 & def5d         
,democracy aga9/ _! criticisms4         
,democracy4    ,i n[1 accord+ly1 return 
to ,mr4 ,tuck]'s criticism ( ,/ate      
,socialism1 :i*1 = ! sake ( precision1  
_h bett] be call$  ,social-,democracy4  

,!re is a ,socialism--t ( ,bism>ck2 ( ! 
ext9ct "y ,engl& p>ty2 ( ! advocates (  
moraliz$ feudalism2  & ( mob contemn]s  
g5]ally--:i* is n ,social-,democracy1  b
 ,social-,despotism1 & may be dismiss$ z
 ess5tially no m  hopeful ?an a sy/em ( 
,moraliz$ ,crim9ality1 ,ab/emi\s        
,gluttony1  or ,/raight=w>d ,m5dacity   
w\ld be4 ,mr4 ,tuck]1 z an ,am]ican1    
passes x ov] z n wor? p[d] & %ot3 he    
cle>ly indicates a  democratic ,/ate by 
8 repeat$ ref]5ces to ! majority        
pr9ciple1  & 9 p>ticul> by 8 ass]tion t 
!re w\ld be b "o article  9 !           
con/itution ( a ,/ate ,sociali/ic       
c\ntry3 ',! "r (  ! majority is         
absolute4' ,hav+ ?us driv5 ,democracy   
back on its  citadel1 he proce$s to     
cannonade x z foll[s3         ,"u !     
sy/em ( ,/ate ,socialism1 :i* holds !   
community       responsible = ! heal?1  
weal? & wisdom ( ! individual1       !  
community1 ?r\gh its majority           
expression1 w insi/       m & m on      
prescrib+ ! conditions ( heal?1 weal?1  

& wisdom1 ?us impair+ & f9ally de/roy+  
individual       indep5d5ce & ) x all   
s5se ( individual responsibility4       
,:atev]1 !n1 ! ,/ate ,sociali/s may     
claim or disclaim1 _!       sy/em1 if   
adopt$1 is doom$ to end 9 a ,/ate       
religion1 to !       exp5se ( :i* all   
mu/ contribute & at ! alt> ( :i* all    
mu/ kneel2 a ,/ate s*ool ( m$ic9e1 by ^:
 practition]s       ! sick mu/ inv>iably
 be treat$2 a ,/ate sy/em ( hygi5e1     
proscrib+ :at all mu/ & mu/ n eat1 dr9k1
 we> & d2 a       ,/ate code ( morals1  
:i* w n cont5t itself ) puni%+          
crime1 b w prohibit :at ! majority      
decide to be vice2 a       ,/ate sy/em (
 in/ruction1 :i* %all d away ) all      
private       s*ools1 academies &       
colleges2 a ,/ate nurs]y1 9 :i* all     
*ildr5 mu/ be br\ght up 9 common at !   
public exp5se2 &1       f9ally1 a ,/ate 
family1 ) an attempt at /irpiculture1 or
       sci5tific bre$+1 9 :i* no man or 
woman w be all[$ to       h *ildr5 if ! 
,/ate prohibits !m1 & no man or woman   

c refuse to h *ildr5 if ! ,/ate ord]s   
!m4 ,?us w       ,au?ority a*ieve its   
acme & ,monopoly be c>ri$ to its highe/ 
p[]4    ,9 read+ ?is "o is rem9d$ ( ,mr4
 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s habit (  assum+ t      
:atev] is n :ite mu/ be black4 ,mr4     
,tuck]1 on !  gr\nd t x has ev] be5 !   
t5d5cy ( p[] to add to itself1  to      
enl>ge its sph]e1 to encroa* beyond !   
limits set = x1  admits no alt]native to
 ! total subjection ( ! individual1     
except  ! total abolition ( ! ,/ate4 ,if
 matt]s really c\ld & did come  to t ,i 
am afraid ! individual w\ld h to g "u 9 
any case2  = ! total abolition ( ! ,/ate
 9 ?is s5se means ! total  abolition ( !
 collective =ce ( ,society1 to aboli%   
:i* x w\ld  be necess>y to aboli%       
,society itself4 ,!re are two ways ( do+
  ?is4 ,"o1 ! abolition ( ! individuals 
compos+ society1 c\ld  n be c>ri$ out   
)\t an int]f]5ce ) _! p]sonal claims    
mu* m s]i\s ?an t requir$1 ev5 on ,mr4  
,tuck]'s %ew+1  by ,social-,democracy4  
,! o!r1 ! disp]sion ( ! human race into 

indep5d5t h]mitages ov] ! globe at !    
rate ( tw5ty-five to !  squ>e mile1 w\ld
 give rise to consid]able inequality (  
condition  & opportunity z betwe5 !     
h]mits ( ,t]ra del ,fuego or ! ,arctic  
regions & ^? ( ,florida or ! ,rivi]a1 & 
w\ld suit only a  few temp]am5ts4 ,!    
disp]s$ units w\ld soon re-associate2 & 
! mom5t !y did s1 goodbye to !          
sov]eignty ( ! individual4  ,if !       
majority believ$ 9 an angry & jeal\s    
,god1 !n1 ,/ate or  no ,/ate1 !y w\ld n 
p]mit an individual to (f5d t ,god &    
br+ d[n 8 wra? ^u !m3 !y w\ld r /one &  
burn !  individual 9 propitiation4 ,!y  
w\ld n suff] ! individual to g  nak$    
among !m2 & if he clo!d himself 9 an    
unusual way :i*  /ruck !m z be+         
ridicul\s or sc&al\s1 !y w\ld laugh at1 
him2 refuse him admission to _! fea/s2  
object to be se5 talk+  ) him 9 !       
/reets2 & p]haps lock him up z a        
lunatic4 ,!y  w\ld n all[ him to neglect
 sanit>y precautions :i* !y  believ$    
ess5tial to _! own immunity f zymotic   

disease4 ,if !  family 7 e/abli%$ among 
!m z x is e/abli%$ among u1 !y  w\ld n  
suff] him to int]m>ry )9 c]ta9 degrees (
 k9%ip4  ,_! dem& w\ld s rule ! m>ket t 
9 mo/ places he w\ld f9d  no commodities
 9 ! %ops except ^? pref]r$ by a        
majority ( !  cu/om]s2 no s*ools except 
^? conduct$ 9 accordance ) !  ideas ( ! 
majority ( p>5ts2 no exp]i5c$ doctors   
except ^?  ^: qualifications inspir$    
confid5ce 9 a :ole circle ( pati5ts4    
,?is is n ! com+ slav]y (               
,social-,democracy3 x is ! slav]y       
already come4 ,:at is m1 !re is no?+ 9 !
 mo/ elaborately  negative practical    
program yet put =w>d by ,an>*ism t (f]s 
!  slighte/ mitigation ( x4 ,t 9        
comp>ison ) ideal irresponsible         
absolute lib]ty x is slav]y1 _c be d5i$4
 ,b 9 comp>ison  ) ! slav]y ( ,rob9son  
,crusoe1 :i* is ! mo/ ,an>*i/ic         
alt]native ,nature1 our taskmi/ress1    
all[s u1 x is p>donably  describ$ z     
fre$om4 ,rob9son ,crusoe1 9 fact1 is    
always will+ to  ex*ange 8 unlimit$     

rights & puny p[]s = ! curtail$ rights  
& relatively imm5se p[]s ( ! slave (    
majorities4 ,= if !  individual *ooses1 
z 9 mo/ cases he w1 to believe & wor%ip 
z  8 fell[s d1 he f9ds temples built &  
s]vices organiz$ at a co/  to himself   
:i* he h>dly feels4 ,! clo!s1 ! food1 ! 
furniture  :i* he is mo/ likely to pref]
 are ready = him 9 ! %ops2 !  s*ools 9  
:i* 8 *ildr5 c be taught :at _! fell[   
citiz5s  expect !m to "k are )9 fifte5  
m9utes' walk ( 8 door2 &  ! r$ lamp ( ! 
mo/ approv$ patt]n ( doctor %9es        
reassur+ly  at ! corn] ( ! /reet4 ,he is
 free to live ) ! wom5 ( 8  family )\t  
suspicion or sc&al2 & if he is n free to
 m>ry  !m1 :at does t matt] to him1 s9ce
 he does n wi% to m>ry  !m8 ,& s happy  
man be 8 dole1 9 spite ( 8 slav]y4      
,yes1 cries "s ecc5tric individual2 b   
all ?is is untrue ( me4  ,i want to m>ry
 my deceas$ wife's si/]4 ,i am prep>$ to
 prove t  y\r au?oriz$ sy/em ( m$ic9e is
 no?+ b a debas$ survival (  wit*craft4 
,y\r s*ools are ma*9es = =c+ spuri\s    

le>n+ on  *ildr5 9 ord] t y\r           
univ]sities may /amp !m z educat$ m5  :5
 !y h f9ally lo/ all p[] to ?9k =       
!mselves4 ,! tall  silk hats & />*$ l95 
%irts :i* y =ce me to we>1 &  )\t :i* ,i
 _c successfully practice z a physician1
 cl]gyman1  s*oolma/]1 lawy]1 or m]*ant1
 are inconv5i5t1 unsanit>y1 ugly1       
pomp\s1 & (f5sive4 ,y\r temples are     
devot$ to a ,god 9 :om ,i d  n believe2 
& ev5 if ,i did believe 9 him ,i %\ld   
/ill reg>d  y\r popul> =ms ( wor%ip z   
only r$eem$ f gross sup]/ition  by _!   
obvi\s ins9c]ity4 ,sci5ce tea*es me t my
 prop] food  is good bread & good fruit3
 y\r boa/$ food supply (f]s me c[s  &   
pigs in/ead4 ,y\r c>e = my heal? consi/s
 9 tapp+ !  common sew]1 ) its deadly   
typhoid gases1 into my h\se1 besides    
dis*>g+ its cont5ts into ! riv]1 :i* is 
my natural ba?  & f\nta94 ,"u color (   
protect+ my p]son & prop]ty y  =cibly   
take my money to support an army (      
soldi]s & policem5  = ! execution (     
b>b>\s & dete/able laws2 = ! wag+  ( w>s

 :i* ,i abhor2 & = ! subjection ( my    
p]son to ^?  legal rights ( prop]ty :i* 
compel me to sell myself = a wage to  a 
class ! ma9t5ance ( :i* ,i hold to be ! 
greate/ evil ( our  "t4 ,y\r tyranny    
makes my v individuality a h9drance to  
me3 ,i  am outdone & outbr$ by !        
m$iocre1 ! docile1 ! "t-s]v+4           
,evolution "u su* conditions means      
deg5]acy3 !re=e ,i dem&  ! abolition (  
all ^! (fici\s compulsions1 & proclaim  
myself  an ,an>*i/4    ,! proclamation  
is n surpris+ "u ! circum/ances2 b x    
does  n m5d ! matt] 9 ! lea/1 nor w\ld x
 if e p]son 7  to repeat x ) en?usiasm1 
& ! :ole p to fly to arms =  ,an>*ism4  
,! majority _c help its tyranny ev5 if x
 w\ld4 ,!  giant ,w9kelmei] mu/ h f\nd  
our doorways inconv5i5t1 j z  m5 ( five 
feet or less f9d ! slope ( ! floor 9 a  
!atre n  suffici5tly /eep to enable !m  
to see ov] ! heads ( ^? 9  front4 ,b    
:il/ ! av]age height ( a man is #e;ft4  
#h;94 !re is no  r$ress = su*           
grievances4 ,build]s w accommodate doors

 & floors  to ! majority1 & n to !      
m9ority4 ,= s9ce ei!r ! majority  or !  
m9ority mu/ be incommod$1 evid5tly ! m  
p[]ful mu/  h its way4 ,!re may be no   
indisputable reason :y x ought n2  & any
 clev] ,tory c give excell5t reasons :y 
x ought n2 b  ! fact rema9s t x w1 :e!r 
x ought or n4 ,& ?is is  :at really     
settles ! "q z betwe5 democratic        
majorities &  m9orities4 ,:]e _! int]e/s
 conflict1 ! weak] side mu/ g to  !     
wall1 because1 z ! evil involv$ is no   
great] ?an t ( !  /rong] go+ to !       
wall1#g ! majority is n re/ra9$ by any  
scruple f compell+ ! weak] to give way4 
,9 practice1 ?is does n involve ei!r !  
absolute p[] (  majorities1 or !        
infallibility ( ! odd man4 ,!re are "s  
matt]s 9 :i* ! c\rse pref]r$ by !       
m9ority 9 no way  ob/ructs t pref]r$ by 
! majority4 ,!re are _m m 9  :i* !      
ob/ruction is easi] to be> ?an ! co/ (  
suppress+  x4 ,= x co/s some?+ to       
suppress ev5 a m9ority ( "o4 ,!         
commone/ example ( t m9ority is !       

lunatic ) a delusion2  yet x is f\nd q  
safe to ent]ta9 doz5s ( delusions1 & be 
g5]ally an extremely selfi% & tr\blesome
 idiot1 9 spite ( !  p[] ( majorities2 =
 until y g s f> t x cle>ly co/s  less to
 lock y up ?an to leave y at l>ge1 !    
majority w n  take ! tr\ble to set      
itself 9 action aga9/ y4 ,?us a m9imum  
( individual lib]ty is secur$1 "u any   
sy/em1 to ! smalle/  m9ority4 ,x is true
 t z m9orities gr[1 !y sometimes1 9     
=feit+ ! protection ( insignificance1   
lose m 9 immunity  ?an !y ga9 9 numb]s2 
s t probably ! weake/ m9ority is  n !   
smalle/1 b r t :i* is too l>ge to be    
disreg>d$  & too weak to be fe>$2 b be=e
 & aft] t dang]\s po9t  is wea!r$1      
m9orities wield consid]able p[]4 ,!     
notion t  !y are ciph]s because !       
majority c\ld vanqui% !m 9 a trial  (   
/r5g? leaves out ( acc\nt ! damage !y   
c\ld inflict on  ! victors dur+ !       
/ruggle4 ,ord9>ily an un>m$ man weigh+  
?irte5 /one c beat "o weigh+ only elev52
 b !re are v  few em]g5cies 9 :i* x is  

wor? 8 :ile to d x1 because if  ! weak] 
man resi/s to ! be/ ( 8 ability 7:i* is 
always  possible7 ! victor w be         
consid]ably worse (f aft] ! fight  ?an  
be=e x4 ,9 #ahfa ! ,nor!rn & ,s\!rn     
,/ates ( ,am]ica  f\ght1 z prize-fight]s
 say1 to a f9i%2 & ! ,nor? c>ri$ its    
po9t1 yet at su* a heavy co/ to itself t
 ! ,s\!rn ,/ates h  by no means be5     
r$uc$ to ciph]s2 = ! victori\s majority 
h  ev] s9ce felt t x w\ld be bett] to   
give way on any b ! mo/  vital issues   
?an to provoke su* ano!r /ruggle4 ,b x  
is n (t5  t a p]emptory "q arises betwe5
 a majority & m9ority (  a :ole nation4 
,9 mo/ matt]s only a fragm5t ( ! nation 
has any  int]e/ "o way or ! o!r2 & !    
same man :o is 9 a majority on  "o "q is
 9 a m9ority on ano!r1 & s le>ns by     
exp]i5ce  t m9orities h rights :i* mu/  
be att5d$ to4 ,m9orities1  too1 z 9 !   
case ( ! ,iri% ,p>ty 9 ! ,engli%        
,p>liam5t1  occasionally hold ! balance 
( p[] betwe5 majorities :i*  recognize  
_! rights & majorities :i* d5y !m4      

,fur!r1 x is  possible by               
dec5tralization to limit ! p[] ( !      
majority ( !  :ole nation to que/ions ^u
 :i* a divid$ policy is impracticable4  
,= example1 x is n only possible1 b     
democratically exp$i5t1 to  f$]ate !    
municipalities ( ,engl& 9 su* a mann] t 
,leice/]  might make vacc9ation p5al    
:il/ e o!r t[n 9 ! isl& made  x         
compulsory4 ,ev5 at pres5t1 vacc9ation  
is n 9 fact compulsory  9 ,leice/]1 ?\gh
 x is s 9 law4 ,!oretically1 ,leice/]   
has be5  r$uc$ to a ciph] by ! re/ (    
,engl&4 ,practically1 ,leice/]  c\nts   
twelve to ! doz5 z mu* z ev] 9 purely   
local affairs4    ,9 %ort1 !n1          
,democracy does n give majorities       
absolute p[]1  nor does x enable !m to  
r$uce m9orities to ciph]s4 ,su* limit$  
p[] ( co]c+ m9orities z majorities mu/  
possess1 is n giv5  to !m by ,democracy 
any m ?an x c be tak5 away f !m by      
,an>*ism4 ,a c\ple ( m5 are /rong] ?an  
"o3 t is all4 ,!re  are only two ways ( 
neutraliz+ ?is natural fact4 ,"o is to  

conv9ce  m5 ( ! immorality ( abus+ !    
majority p[]1 & !n to make  !m moral    
en\gh to refra9 f do+ x on t acc\nt4 ,! 
o!r  is to realize ,lytton's fancy (    
vril by inv5t+ a means by :i*  ea*      
individual w be able to de/roy all 8    
fell[s ) a fla%  ( ?\ght1 s t ! majority
 may h z mu* reason to fe> !  individual
 z he to fe> ! majority4 ,no me?od ( do+
 ei!r is  to be f\nd 9 ,individuali/ or 
,communi/ ,an>*ism3 consequ5tly  ^!     
sy/ems1 z f> z ! evils ( majority       
tyranny are conc]n$1  are no bett] ?an !
 ,social-,democratic program ( adult    
suffrage  ) ma9t5ance ( repres5tatives &
 paym5t ( poll+ exp5ses  f public       
funds--faulty devices en\gh1 no d\bt1 b 
capable  ( accompli%+ all t is humanly  
possible at pres5t to make  ! ,/ate     
repres5tative ( ! nation2 to make !     
adm9i/ration  tru/wor?y2 & to secure !  
utmo/ p[] to ea* individual &           
consequ5tly to m9orities4 ,:at bett] c  
we h :il/ collective  action is         
inevitable8 ,inde$1 9 ! m\?s ( ! really 

able  ,an>*i/s1 ,an>*ism means simply ! 
utmo/ atta9able ?or\ghness  (           
,democracy4 ,kropotk9e1 = example1      
speaks ( free developm5t f  ! simple to 
! composite by ! free union ( free      
gr\ps2 & 8  illu/rations are ! societies
 = /udy1 = comm]ce1 = pleasure  &       
recreation :i* h sprung up to meet !    
v>i$ requirem5ts (  ! individual ( our  
age4 ,b 9 e "o ( ^! societies !re is    
gov]nm5t by a c\ncil elect$ annually by 
a majority ( vot]s2 s  t ,kropotk9e is n
 at all afraid ( ! democratic ma*9]y &  
! majority p[]4 ,mr4 ,tuck] speaks (    
volunt>y association1 b  gives no       
illu/rations1 & inde$ av[s t ,an>*i/s   
are simply  unt]rifi$ ,jeff]sonian      
,democrats4 ,he says1 inde$1 t if !     
individual has a "r to gov]n himself1   
all ext]nal gov]nm5t is  tyranny2 b if  
gov]n+ oneself means do+ :at "o pleases 
)\t  reg>d to ! int]e/s ( neighbors1 !n 
! individual has flatly no  su* "r4 ,if 
he has no su* "r1 ! int]f]5ce ( 8       
neighbors  to make him behave socially1 

?\gh x is ext]nal gov]nm5t1 is  n       
tyranny2 & ev5 if x 7 !y w\ld n refra9 f
 x on  t acc\nt4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if gov]n+
 oneself means compell+  oneself to act 
) a due reg>d to ! int]e/s ( !          
neighbors1  !n x is a "r :i* m5 are     
prov$ incapable ( ex]cis+ )\t  ext]nal  
gov]nm5t4 ,ei!r way1 ! phrase comes to  
no?+2 = x  w\ld be easy to %[ by a      
little play ^u x1 ei!r t altruism is    
really ext]nal gov]nm5t or t democratic 
,/ate au?ority is really  self-gov]nm5t4
    ,mr4 ,tuck]'s adjective1 volunt>y1 z
 appli$ to associations =  def5ce or !  
managem5t ( affairs1 mu/ n be tak5 z    
imply+  t !re is any v wide *oice op5 9 
^! matt]s4 ,su*  association is really  
compulsory1 s9ce if x be =egone affairs 
w  rema9 unmanag$ & communities         
def5celess4 ,nature makes %ort "w  ( our
 aspirations t[>ds utt] impunity4 ,%e   
leaves communities 9 no  wise free to   
*oose :e!r !y w labor & gov]n !mselves4 
,x is ei!r t or />vation & *aos4 ,h]    
tasks are inexorably  set3 h] p5alties  

are inevitable3 h] paym5t is /rictly    
paym5t by  results4 ,all ! individual c 
d is to %ift & dodge 8 %>e (  ! task on 
to ! %\ld]s ( o!rs1 or fil* "s ( _!     
natural  wage to add to 8 own4 ,if !y   
are fools en\gh to suff] x1 t  is _! own
 affair z f> z ,nature is conc]n$4 ,b x 
is ! aim  ( ,social-,democracy to       
relieve ^! fools by ?r[+ on all an equal
  %>e 9 ! inevitable labor impos$ by !  
et]nal tyranny (  ,nature1 & s secure to
 e individual no less ?an 8 equal quota 
( ! nation's product 9 return = no m ?an
 8 equal quota (  ! nation's labor4 ,^! 
are ! be/ t]ms humanity c make )  its   
tyrant4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury x 0 easy = 
! philosoph]s  & = ,adam ,smi? to ?9k ( 
?is rule ( ,nature z be+ natural  lib]ty
 9 contra/ to ! odi\s & /upid oppression
 ( ca/es1  prie/s1 & k+s--! dete/$      
dom9ion ( man ov] man4 ,b we1  9 detect+
 ! uns\ndness ( ,adam ,smi?'s private   
prop]ty &  laiss]-faire recipe = natural
 lib]ty1 beg9 to see t ?\gh  !re is     
political lib]ty1 !re is no natural     

lib]ty1 b only  natural law             
remorselessly en=c$4 ,& s we %ake our   
heads :5 we  see ,,lib]ty on !          
title-page ( ,mr4 ,tuck]'s pap]1 j z we 
laugh  :5 we see ,,! ,,com+ ,,slav]y on 
,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s ,man & !  ,/ate4   
,we c n[ beg9 to jo9 ! ?reads ( our     
discussion4 ,we h se5  t private        
appropriation ( l& 9 any =m1 :e!r limit$
 by  ,individuali/ ,an>*ism to occupy+  
own]s or n1 means ! unju/  di/ribution (
 a va/ fund ( social weal? call$ r5t1   
:i* c by  no means be claim$ z due to ! 
labor ( any p>ticul> individual  or     
class ( individuals4 ,we h se5 t        
,communi/ ,an>*ism1  ?\gh x p>tly--&    
only p>tly--avoids ! r5t difficulty1 is1
  9 ! condition ( morals develop$ "u    
exi/+ ,unsocialism1  impracticable4 ,we 
h se5 t ! delegation ( individual  p[]s 
by vot+2 ! creation ( au?oritative      
public bodies2 !  supremacy ( ! majority
 9 ! la/ resort2 & ! e/abli%m5t  & ev5  
end[m5t1 ei!r directly & (ficially or   
indirectly &  unconsci\sly1 (           

conv5tional =ms ( practice 9 religion1  
m$ic9e1  education1 food1 clo?+1 &      
crim9al law1 are1 :e!r !y be evils  or  
n1 inh]5t 9 society itself1 & mu/ be    
submitt$ to ) !  help ( su* protection  
aga9/ _! abuse z democratic in/itutions 
m ?an any o!rs af=d4 ,:5 ,democracy     
fails1 !re is no antidote  = intol]ance 
save ! spread ( bett] s5se4 ,no =m (    
,an>*ism  yet sugge/$ provides any      
escape4 ,l bad wea!r 9 w9t]1  intol]ance
 does mu* mis*ief2 b z1 :5 we h done our
 be/ 9  ! way ( ov]coats1 umbrellas1 &  
good fires1 we h to put up )  ! w9t]2 s1
 :5 we h done our be/ 9 ! way (         
,democracy1  dec5tralization1 & ! l1 we 
mu/ put up ) ! ,/ate4      ,! ,an>*i/   
,_s4    ,i suppose ,i mu/ n leave !     
subject )\t a ^w z to ! value  ( :at ,i 
w call ! ,an>*i/ _s z an elem5t 9       
progress4  ,b be=e ,i d s1 let me       
disclaim all int5tion ( emb>rass+  our  
,an>*i/ fri5ds :o are pres5t by any     
sympa?y :i* ,i may  express ) t _s4 ,on 
! ,cont95t ! discussion betwe5  ,an>*ism

 & ,social-,democracy is frequ5tly ?re%$
 out ) ! help  ( walk+-/icks1 *air-legs1
 & ev5 revolv]s4 ,9 ,engl& ?is  does n  
happ51 because ! majority ( an ,engli%  
audi5ce always  decl9es to take an      
extreme position1 &1 out ( an idle      
curiosity  to he> bo? sides1 w1 on      
suffici5t provocation1 precipitately    
eject !ori/s :o make a di/urbance1 )\t  
tr\bl+ itself  to discrim9ate z to !    
ju/ice ( _! views4 ,:5 ,i _h !          
privilege "s "t ago ( debat+ publicly ) 
,mr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,foote on  ! ,eight ,h\rs  
"q1 a ,fr5* newspap] :i* dealt ) !      
occasion at great l5g? devot$ a :ole    
article to an expression (  envi\s      
a/oni%m5t at ! fact t ,mr4 ,foote & ,i  
ab/a9$ f  vilify+ & f9ally assault+ "o  
ano!r1 & t our p>tisans  foll[$ our %9+ 
example & did n ev5 attempt to prev5t   
ea* o!r's *ampions f be+ he>d4 ,/ill1 if
 we d n p]mit  ourselves to m]ge        
,socialism1 ,an>*ism1 & all ! o!r isms  
into  r[dyism1 we sometimes debate our  
diff]5ces1 ev5 9 ?is em95tly            

respectable ,fabian ,society1 )         
consid]able _s4 ,n[ f> be x  f me to    
dis>m ! ,an>*i/ debat] by pay+ him      
complim5ts4 ,on  ! contr>y1 if we h "h  
any ( ^? g5tlem5 :o make x _!  bus9ess  
to d5\nce ,social-,democrats z mislead]s
 ( ! p &  trimm]s2 :o declaim aga9/ all 
national & municipal projects1 &  clamor
 = ! abolition ( ,p>liam5ts & ,c\nty    
,c\ncils2 :o call  = a desp]ate         
resi/ance to r5t1 taxes1 repres5tative  
gov]nm5t  & organis$ collective action (
 e sort3 !n ,i invite !m  to reg>d me z 
_! invet]ate oppon5t--z "o :o reg>ds su*
  doctr9e1 h[ev] s9c]ely x may be put   
=w>d1 z at be/ an  enc\ragem5t to !     
work]s to neglect do+ :at is possible "u
  pretext ( wait+ = ! impossible1 & at  
wor/ z furni%+  ! reaction>y newspap]s 9
 ,engl&1 & ! police ag5ts on !          
,cont95t1 ) evid5ce z to ! alleg$       
follies & p]ils (  ,socialism4 ,b at !  
same "t1 x mu/ be und]/ood t ,i d n  /& 
"h to def5d ! ,/ate z we "k x4          
,bak\n9e's compreh5sive  aspiration to  

de/roy all ,/ates & ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*es1 )
 _!  religi\s1 political1 judicial1     
f9ancial1 crim9al1 academic1 economic  &
 social laws & in/itutions1 seems to me 
p]fectly ju/ifiable  & intelligible f ! 
po9t ( view ( ! ord9>y educat$  man1 :o 
believes t in/itutions make m5 in/ead ( 
m5 mak+  in/itutions4 ,i fully admit &  
vehem5tly urge t ! ,/ate at  pres5t is  
simply a huge ma*9e = robb+ &           
slave-driv+ !  poor by brute =ce4 ,y    
may1 if y are a /upid or com=tably-(f   
p]son1 ?9k t ! policeman at ! corn] is !
 gu>dian (  law & ord]--t ! gaol1 ) ^?  
in/rum5ts ( torture1 !  treadmill1 plank
 b$1 solit>y cell1 cat o' n9e tails1 &  
gall[s1  is a place to make p cease to d
 evil & le>n to d well4 ,b  ! prim>y    
function ( ! policeman1 & t = :i* 8 o!r 
functions are only bl9ds1 is to see t y 
d n lie d[n to sleep  9 ?is c\ntry )\t  
pay+ an idl] = ! privilege2 t y d  n    
ta/e bread until y h paid ! idl]'s toll 
9 ! price (  x2 t y d n resi/ ! />v+    
blackleg :o is dragg+ y  d[n to 8 level 

= ! idl]'s pr(it by (f]+ to d y\r "w  = 
a />vation wage4 ,attempt any ( ^! ?+s1 
& y w be  hal$ (f & tortur$ 9 ! "n ( law
 & ord]1 hone/y1 social  equilibrium1   
safety ( prop]ty & p]son1 public duty1  
,*ri/ianity1  morality1 & :at n1 z a    
vagrant1 a ?ief1 & a riot]4 ,y\r        
soldi]1 o/5sibly a h]oic & patriotic    
def5d] ( 8 c\ntry1 is  really an        
un=tunate man driv5 by de/itution to (f]
 himself z  food = p[d] = ! sake (      
regul> rations1 %elt] & clo?+2  & he    
mu/1 on pa9 ( be+ arbitr>ily imprison$1 
puni%$ )  petty p5ances l a naughty     
*ild1 pack-drill$1 flogg$ or %ot1  all 9
 ! bless$ "n ( discipl9e1 d any?+ he is 
ord]$  to1 f /&+ 9 8 r$ coat 9 ! hall ( 
an op]a h\se z a  m]e ornam5t1 to flogg+
 8 comrade or committ+ murd]4 ,& 8      
prim>y function is to come to ! rescue (
 ! policeman :5 !  latt] is ov]p[]$4    
,memb]s ( ,p>liam5t ^: sole             
qualifications  = election 7 #ajjj loose
 ca%1 an indep5d5t income1 & a  vulg>   
/ra9 ( ambition2 p>sons quot+ scripture 

= ! purposes  ( ! squire2 lawy]s sell+  
_! s]vices to ! highe/ bidd]  at ! b>1 &
 ma9ta9+ ! supremacy ( ! money$ class on
 !  b5*2 juries ( employ]s masqu]ad+ z !
 pe]s ( prolet>ians  9 ! dock2          
,univ]sity pr(essors elaborat+ ! process
 kn[n z  ! education ( a g5tleman2      
arti/s /riv+ to tickle ! fancy  or      
flatt] ! vanity ( ! ari/ocrat or        
plutocrat2 workm5 do+  _! "w z badly &  
sl[ly z !y d>e s z to make ! mo/  ( _!  
job2 employ]s />v+ & ov]work+ _! h&s &  
adult]at+ _! goods z mu* z !y d>e3 ^!   
are ! actual  liv+ mat]ial ( ^? impos+  
ab/ractions kn[n z ! ,/ate1  ! ,*ur*1 ! 
,law1 ! ,con/itution1 ,education1 ! ,f9e
 ,arts1 &  ,indu/ry4 ,e in/itution1 z   
,bak\n9e saw1 religi\s1 political1      
f9ancial1 judicial1 & s on1 is corrupt$ 
by ! fact t ! m5  9 x ei!r belong to !  
prop]ti$ class !mselves or mu/ sell     
!mselves to x 9 ord] to live4 ,all !    
pur*as+ p[] t is  left to buy m5's s\ls 
) aft] _! bodies are f$ is 9 ! h&s  ( ! 
ri*2 & ev]y:]e1 f ! ,p>liam5t :i* wields

 !  irresi/ible co]cive =ces ( !        
bludgeon1 bayonet1 ma*9e gun1  dynamite 
%ell1 prison & scaffold1 d[n to !       
pettie/ c5tre (  %abby-g5teel social    
pret5sion1 ! ri* pay ! pip] & call !    
tune4 ,naturally1 !y use _! p[] to /eal 
m money to cont9ue  pay+ ! pip]2 & ?us  
all society becomes a huge conspiracy & 
hypocrisy4 ,! ord9>y man is ins5sible to
 ! fraud j z he is  ins5sible to ! ta/e 
( wat]1 :i*1 be+ con/antly 9 contact  ) 
8 muc\s membrane1 seems to h no ta/e at 
all4 ,! villa9\s  moral conditions on   
:i* our social sy/em is bas$ are        
necess>ily  9 con/ant contact ) our     
moral muc\s membrane1 & s we lose our   
s5se ( _! omnipres5t meanness & di%onor4
 ,! ins5sibility1  h[ev]1 is n q        
complete2 = !re is a p]iod 9 life :i*   
is call$ ! age ( disillusion1 :i* means 
! age at :i* a man  discov]s t 8 g5]\s &
 hone/ impulses are incompatible )      
success 9 bus9ess2 t ! in/itutions he   
has rev]5c$ are %ams2  & t he mu/ jo9 ! 
conspiracy or g to ! wall1 ev5 ?\gh  he 

feels t ! conspiracy is fundam5tally    
ru9\s to himself &  8                   
fell[-conspirators4 ,! secret ( writ]s l
 ,rusk91 ,morris &  ,kropotk9e is t !y  
see ! :ole impo/ure ?r\gh & ?r\gh1  9   
spite ( its famili>ity1 & ( ! illusions 
creat$ by its  temporal p[]1 its ri*es1 
its spl5dor1 its pre/ige1 its int5se    
respectability1 its unremitt+ piety1 &  
its high moral pret5sion4  ,b           
,kropotk9e1 z ,i h %ewn1 is really an   
advocate ( free  ,democracy2 & ,i v5ture
 to sugge/ t he describes himself z an  
,an>*i/ r f ! po9t ( view ( ! ,russian  
recoil+ f  a despotism comp>$ to :i*    
,democracy seems to be no gov]nm5t at   
all1 ?an f ! po9t ( view ( ! ,am]ican or
 ,engli%man :o is  free en\gh already to
 beg9 grumbl+ ov] ,democracy z ! tyranny
  ( ! majority & ! com+ slav]y4 ,i      
sugge/ ?is ) !  m confid5ce because     
,william ,morris's views are l>gely     
id5tical  ) ^? ( ,kropotk9e3 yet        
,morris1 aft] pati5t & intimate         
obs]vation ( ,an>*ism z a work+ propag&a

 9 ,engl&1 has  def9itely dissociat$    
himself f x1 & has %ewn1 by 8 sket* (  !
 communi/ folk-mote 9 8 ,news f ,n[h]e1 
h[ sanely alive he  is to !             
impossibility ( any developm5t ( !      
volunt>y elem5t 9  social action        
suffici5t to enable individuals or      
m9orities to take  public action )\t    
fir/ obta9+ ! cons5t ( ! majority4      
,on ! :ole1 !n1 ,i d n reg>d ! extreme  
ho/ility to exi/+  in/itutions :i*      
inspires ,communi/ ,an>*ism z be+ a :it 
m  dang]\s to ,social-,democracy ?an !  
same _s z x inspires !  peculi> ,toryism
 ( ,rusk94 ,mu* m def9itely oppos$ to u 
is !  survival ( t int5se jeal\sy ( !   
au?ority ( ! gov]nm5t  ov] ! individual 
:i* 0 ! ma9spr+ ( ! progress ( !        
eighte5? c5tury4 ,only ^? :o =get !     
lessons ( hi/ory !  mom5t !y h s]v$ _!  
imm$iate turn w feel o!rwise ?an        
reassur$ by ! cont9u$ vitality ( t      
jeal\sy among u4 ,b ?is  consid]ation   
does n remove ! economic objections :i* 
,i h  advanc$ z to ! practical program (

 ,individuali/ ,an>*ism4 ,&  ev5 ap>t f 
^! objections1 ! ,social-,democrat is   
compell$1  by contact ) h>d facts1 to   
turn 8 back decisively on useless       
d5unciation ( ! ,/ate4 ,x is easy to    
say1 ,aboli% ! ,/ate2 b  ! ,/ate w sell 
y up1 lock y up1 bl[ y up1 knock y d[n1 
bludgeon1 %oot1 /ab1 hang--9 %ort1      
aboli% y1 if y lift a h&  aga9/ x4      
,=tunately1 !re is1 z we h se51 a f9e   
imp>tiality  ab\t ! policeman & !       
soldi]1 :o are ! cutt+ edge ( !  ,/ate  
p[]4 ,!y take _! wages & obey _! ord]s  
)\t ask+  que/ions4 ,if ^? ord]s are to 
demoli% ! home/ead ( e  peasant :o      
refuses to take ! bread out ( 8 *ildr5's
 m\?s 9  ord] t 8 l&lord may h money to 
sp5d z an idle g5tleman 9  ,london1 !   
soldi] obeys4 ,b if 8 ord]s 7 to help ! 
police to  pit* 8 lord%ip into ,holl[ay 
,gaol until he _h paid an ,income ,tax  
( tw5ty %ill+s on e p\nd ( 8 une>n$     
income1 ! soldi]  w\ld d t ) equal      
devotion to duty1 & p]haps ) a c]ta9    
private ze/ t might be lack+ 9 ! o!r    

case4 ,n[ ^! ord]s  come ultimately f ! 
,/ate--mean+1 9 ?is c\ntry1 ! ,h\se (   
,commons4 ,a ,h\se ( ,commons consi/+ ( 
#ffj g5tlem5 & #aj workm5  w ord] !     
soldi] to take money f ! p = ! l&lords4 
,a ,h\se ( ,commons consi/+ ( #ffj      
workm5 & #aj g5tlem5 w  probably1 unless
 ! #ffj are fools1 ord] ! soldi] to take
 money  f ! l&lords = ! p4 ,) t h9t ,i  
leave ! matt]1  9 ! full conviction t ! 
,/ate1 9 spite ( ! ,an>*i/s1  w cont9ue 
to be us$ aga9/ ! p by ! classes until x
 is  us$ by ! p aga9/ ! classes ) equal 
ability & equal  resolution4            
,pr9t$ by ,g4 ,,/&r+1 #g & #i ,f9sbury  
,/reet1 ,london1 ,e4,c4                 
,,fabian ,,society4--,! ,fabian ,society
 consi/s ( ,sociali/s4 ,a /atem5t  ( its
 ,rules1 etc41 & ! foll[+ publications c
 be obta9$ f  ! ,secret>y1 at ! ,fabian 
,(fice1 #bgf ,/r&1 ,london1 ,w4,c4      
,,fabian ,,essays ,,9 ,,socialism4      
7#ce? ,?\s&47         ,libr>y ,edition1 
#f_/-2 or1 direct f ! ,secret>y = ,ca%1 
#d_/f 7po/age1 #d #a_/b;d474 ,*eap      

,edition1 ,pap] cov]1 #a_/-2 pla9       
clo?1 #b_/-4 ,at all booksell]s1 or po/ 
free f ! ,secret>y       = #a_/- & #b_/-
 respectively4      ,,fabian ,,tracts4  
#fc4--,p>i% ,c\ncil ,cottages1 & h[ to  
get !m4 #d pp41 #f =       #a;d4 #a_/-  
#ajj4         #fb4--,p>i% & ,di/rict    
,c\ncils3 ,:at !y are & :at !y       c  
d4 #a;d4 ea*2 or #i;d4 p] doz4          
#fa4--,! ,london ,c\nty ,c\ncil3 ,:at x 
is & :at x does4       #a;d42 #i;d4 doz4
         #fj4--,! ,london ,ve/ries4     
,includ+ a complete /atem5t ( !         
*anges made 9 ,london by ! ,local       
,gov]nm5t ,act1 #ahid4 #a;d42 #i;d4     
doz4         #eh4--;,allotm5ts & ,h[ to 
,get ,!m4 #d pp41 #f = #a;d42 or #a_/-  
p] #ajj4         #ee4--,! ,work]s'      
,s*ool ,bo>d ,program4 #bj pp41 #a;d42  
or #i;d4 p]       doz4         #ed4--,! 
,humaniz+ ( ! ,poor ,law4 ,by ,j4 ,f4   
,,oake%ott4 #bd pp41       #a;d4        
#eb4--,/ate ,education at ,home &       
,abroad4 ,by ,j4 ,w4 ,,m>t94 #af        
pp41 #a;d4         #ea4--,socialism3    

,true & ,false4 ,by ,,sidney ,,webb4 #bj
 pp41 #a;d4 ea42       #i;d4 doz4       
#ej4--,sweat+3 its ,cause & ,rem$y4 #af 
pp41 #a;d4 ea*2 or #i;d4       p] doz4  
#di4--;,a ,plan ( ,campaign = ,labor4 ,a
 detail$ s*eme =       ,indep5d5t ,labor
 ,repres5tation4 #cf pp41 #b;d4 #a_/f p]
 doz4         #dh4--;,eight ,h\rs by    
,law4 #af pp41 #a;d4 ea*2 or #i;d4 p]   
doz4         #dg4--,! ,unemploy$4 ,by   
,,john ,,burns1 ,m4,p4 #bj pp41         
#a;d4 ea*2 or #i;d4 p] doz4             
#df4--,socialism & ,sailors4 ,by ,b4 ,t4
 ,,hall4 #af pp41                       
#de4--,! ,impossibilities ( ,an>*ism4   
,by ,g4 ,b4 ,,%aw4 #bh pp41       #b;d42
 #a_/f p] doz4         #dd4--;,a ,plea =
 ,poor ,law ,re=m4 7,revis$ #ahid74 #d  
pp41 #f =       #a;d42 or #a_/- #ajj4   
#db4--;,*ri/ian ,socialism4 ,by ! ,rev4 
,s4 ,d4 ,,headlam4 #af pp41 #a;d4       
#i;d4 p] doz4         #da4--,! ,fabian  
,society4 ,by ,,b]n>d ,,%aw4 #cb pp41   
#a;d4 ea*2 or       #i;d4 p] doz4       
#ci4--;,a ,democratic ,budget4 #af pp41 

#a;d42 or #i;d4 p] doz4                 
#ch4--;,a ,wel% ,translation ( ,no4 #a4 
#d pp41 #f = #a;d42 or #a_/- p]         
#ajj4         #bi4--,:at to ,read4 ,a   
,li/ ( ,books = ,social ,re=m]s4        
,conta9s ! be/ books & blue-books relat+
 to ,economics1       ,socialism1 ,labor
 ,movem5ts1 ,pov]ty1 etc4 #crd edn42    
revis$ #ahie4       ,pap] cov]1 #c;d4   
ea*2 or #b_/c p] doz4         #bc4--,!  
,case = an ,eight ,h\rs ,bill4 #af pp41 
#a;d42 or #i;d4 p]       doz4           
#bb4--,! ,tru? ab\t ,leasehold          
,enfran*isem5t4 #f = #a;d42 or          
#a_/- p] #ajj4         #ai4--,:at ! ,f>m
 ,labor] ,wants4 7,revis$ #ahid74 #f =  
#a;d42 or       #a_/- p] #ajj4          
#ag4--,re=m ( ! ,poor ,law4 ,by ,,sidney
 ,,webb4 #bj pp41 #a;d42 #i;d4       p] 
doz4         #af4--;,a ,plea = an ,eight
 ,h\rs ,bill4 #d pp41 #f = #a;d42 #a_/- 
p]       #ajj4         #ae4--;,engli%   
,progress t[>ds ,social ,democracy4 ,by 
,s4 ,,webb4 #a;d42       #i;d4 doz4     
#ad4--,! ,new ,re=m ,bill4 #ae? ?\s4 #bj

 pp41 #a;d42 #i;d4 p] doz4              
#ac4--,:at ,socialism ,is4 #hj? ?\s4 #d 
pp41 #f = #a;d42 or #a_/- p]       #ajj4
         #ab4--,practicable ,l&         
,nationalization4 ,revis$ #ahid4 #d pp41
 #f       = #a;d42 #a_/- #ajj4          
#g4--;,capital & ,l&4 ,a survey ( !     
di/ribution ( prop]ty       among/ !    
classes 9 ,engl&4 #e? edition2 revis$   
#ahie4 #af pp41       #a;d42 or #i;d4   
doz4         #e4--;,facts = ,sociali/s4 
,a simil> survey ( ! di/ribution       (
 income & ! condition ( ! p4 #g? edn42  
revis$ #ahie4       #a;d42 or #i;d4 p]  
doz4         #a4--,:y are ! ,_m ,poor8  
#d pp41 #f = #a;d42 #a_/- p] #ajj4      
,,"q ,,leaflets4 ,ea* #d pp41 #f =      
#a;d42 or #as4 p] #ajj4    ,^! conta9   
,que/ions = ,c&idates = ! foll[+        
bodies3--,no4  #bj1 ,poor ,law ,gu>dians
 7,revis$ #ahid74 ,no4 #ba1 ,london     
,ve/ries 7,revis$  #ahid74 ,no4 #bd1    
,p>liam5t4 ,no4 #be1 ,s*ool ,bo>ds      
7,revis$ #ahid74 ,no4  #bf1 ,london     
,c\nty ,c\ncil4 ,no4 #bg1 ,t[n ,c\ncils4

 ,no4 #bh1 ,c\nty  ,c\ncils1 ,rural     
7,revis$ #ahie74 ,no4 #ef1 ,p>i%        
,c\ncils4 ,no4 #eg1 ,rural  ,di/rict    
,c\ncils4 ,no4 #ei1 ,urban ,di/rict     
,c\ncils4      ,,fabian ,,municipal     
,,program 7,tracts ,nos4 #cj to #cg74   
#a4 ,! ,une>n$ ,increm5t4 #b4 ,london's 
,h]itage 9 ! ,city ,guilds4 #c4         
,municipalization ( ! ,gas ,supply4 #d4 
,municipal ,tramways4 #e4 ,london's     
,wat] ,tribute4 #f4 ,municipalization ( 
! ,london ,docks4 #g4 ,! ,sc&al  (      
,london's ,m>kets4 #h4 ,a ,labor ,policy
 = ,public ,au?orities4 ,ea* #d  pp4 ,! 
eight 9 a r$ cov] = #a;d4 7#i;d4 p]     
doz472 or sep>ately #a_/-  p] #ajj4     
,,fabian ,,election ,,leaflets4--,no4   
#fd1 ,h[ to ,lose & ,h[ to ,w92 ,no4    
#fe1 ,trade ,unioni/s & ,politics2 ,no4 
#ff1 ,a ,program = ,work]s4 ,ea*  #b    
pp41 #f;d4 p] #ajj1 or #es4 p] #ajjj4   
,illu/ration3 7po9t+ f+]7 ,! ,set po/   
free #b_/c4 ,b\nd 9  ,buckram po/ free =
 #c_/i4    ,boxes = set ( ,tracts #as41 
po/ free #as4 #c;d4    ,manife/o (      

,engli% ,sociali/s4 ,9 r$ cov]4 #h pp41 
#a;d4 ea*2 or  #i;d4 p] doz4    ,p>cels 
to ! value ( #aj_/- & upw>ds1 po/ free4 
,,footnotes3    ,footnote #a3 ,a pap]   
read to ! ,fabian ,society by ,g4 ,b]n>d
 ,%aw1 on  #af? ,octob]1 #ahia4         
,footnote #b3 ,?is is an inf]5ce f !    
foll[+ p>agraph 9 ,mr4  ,tuck]'s        
article3    ,second 9 importance comes !
 l& monopoly1 ! evil effects (  :i* are 
se5 pr9cipally 9 exclusively            
agricultural c\ntries1 l  ,irel&4 ,?is  
monopoly consi/s 9 ! en=cem5t by        
gov]nm5t (  l& titles :i* d n re/ on    
p]sonal occupancy & cultivation4  ,x 0  
obvi\s to ,w>r5 & ,pr\dhon t z soon z   
individuals  %\ld no long] be protect$  
by _! fell[s 9 any?+ b p]sonal          
occupation & cultivation ( l&1 gr\nd r5t
 w\ld disappe>1 & s  usury h "o less leg
 to /& on4    ,see also ,mr4 ,tuck]'s   
article entitl$ ,a ,s+ul> ,misund]/&+1  
9 ,lib]ty ( ! #aj? ,septemb]1 #ahib4    
,reg>d+ l&1 writes  ,mr4 ,tuck]1 x has  
be5 /eadily ma9ta9$ 9 ^! columns t      

protection %\ld be )drawn f all l&      
titles except ^? bas$  on p]sonal       
occupancy & use4    ,footnote #c3 ,nor  
does ! ,an>*i/ic s*eme furni% any code (
  morals to be impos$ on ! individual4  
',m9d y\r own bus9ess1' is  its only    
moral law4    ,footnote #d3 ,?is w\ld ( 
c\rse be l>gely practicable "u a        
,collectivi/ sy/em4    ,footnote #e3    
,engli% read]s ne$ n baulk !mselves "h  
because  ( ! late fall ( agricultural   
r5ts 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,r5t1 9 !  economic  
s5se1 cov]s paym5t = ! use ( l& = any   
purpose1  agricultural or o!rwise2 & t[n
 r5ts h ris5 oppressively4  ,a mu* m    
puzzl+ discrepancy betwe5 ! facts & !   
!ory  is pres5t$ by ! app>5t abs5ce (   
any upw>d t5d5cy 9 !  prices ( g5]al    
commodities4 ,h[ev]1 an article may be  
app>5tly  no less *eap or ev5 mu* *eap] 
?an x 0 tw5ty ye>s ago2 &  yet its price
 may h ris5 enorm\sly relatively to its 
av]age co/  ( production1 ow+ to !      
av]age co/ ( production hav+ be5  r$uc$ 
by ma*9]y1 high] organization ( ! labor 

( produc+  x1 *eap5$ traffic ) o!r      
c\ntries1 etc4 ,?us1 9 ! cotton         
indu/ry1 ma*9]y has multipli$ ea* man's 
p[] ( production  elev5 hundr$ times2 & 
,sir ,joseph ,:itwor? 0 quot$ by !      
,presid5t ( ! ,iron & ,/eel ,in/itute "s
 ye>s ago z hav+  decl>$ t a ,nott+ham  
lace ma*9e c d ! "w =m]ly done  by      
#h1jjj lacemak]s4 ,! articles entitl$   
,great ,manufacture ( ,little  ,?+s1 9  
,cassell's ,te*nical ,educator1 may be  
consult$ =  examples ( ?is sort 9 !     
production ( p9s1 p5s1 etc4 ,suppose1   
!n1 t an article :i* co/1 on ! av]age1  
fivep5ce to make 9  #ahej1 0 !n sold =  
sixp5ce4 ,if x be n[ sell+ = ?reep5ce1  
x is app>5tly twice z *eap z x 04 ,b if 
! co/ (  production has also fall5 to   
?ree-halfp5ce1 :i* is by no means an    
extravagant supposition1 !n ! price1    
consid]$ relatively to !  co/ (         
production1 has evid5tly ris5           
prodigi\sly1 s9ce x is n[  twice ! co/1 
:]eas ! co/ 0 =m]ly five-six?s ( !      
price4  ,9 o!r words1 ! surplus1 or r5t1

 p] article1 has ris5 f  #af #b_/c p]   
c5t4 to #ajj p] c5t41 9 spite ( ! app>5t
 *eap5+4  ,?is is ! explanation ( ! fact
 t ?\gh ! work]s 7  probably nev] be=e s
 mon/r\sly robb$ z !y are at pres5t1 x  
is q possible = /ati/icians to prove t  
on ! :ole wages  h ris5 & prices fall54 
,! work]1 pleas$ at hav+ only to pay    
?reep5ce :]e he =m]ly paid sixp5ce1     
=gets t ! %>e (  8 ?reep5ce t goes to an
 idl] may be mu* l>g] ?an t :i*  w5t out
 ( ea* ( ! two ?reep5ces he paid =m]ly4 
,footnote #f3 ,writt5 9 ! #ahhg-ib      
p]iod1 dur+ :i* ,trafalg>  ,squ>e 0     
=cibly clos$ aga9/ public meet+s by !   
,salisbury  adm9i/ration4    ,footnote  
#g3 ,! evil is decid$ly less if !       
calculation proce$s  by ! popul> me?od (
 always e/imat+ an evil suff]$ by a     
hundr$ p]sons z a hundr$ times z great z
 ! same evil suff]$  by only "o4 ,?is1  
h[ev]1 is absurd4 ,a hundr$ />v+ m5 are 
n  a hundr$ times z hungry z "o />v+    
man1 any m ?an a hundr$  five-foot-eight
 m5 are ea* five hundr$ & sixty-six feet

 eight  in*es high4 ,b !y are a hundr$  
times z /rong a political =ce4  ,?\gh ! 
evil may n be cumulative1 ! p[] to resi/
 x is4           99       99       99   
99       99                             
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,transcrib] ,notes3                     
,p4#ag4 'antonomy' *ang$ to 'autonomy'  
,p4#bb4 ',tuc er's' *ang$ to ',tuck]'s' 
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