file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #degge-;h4htm or #degge-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #degge_/pg#degge-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#degg e_/degge-;h4zip7 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see https3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_/toy-mak+9 s*o#jjpolku(t ,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold face 7bold74 ,a c>at "* is us$ to d5ote sup]scription4 ,a s+le "* foll[+ ! c>at is sup]script$ 7example3 ,c#e74 ,,toy-,,mak+ ,,9 ,,s*ool ,,& ,,home ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i ,a ,,sc5e ,,9 ,,toyl& ,fr4 ,,toy-,,mak+ ,,9 ,,s*ool ,,& ,,home by ,r4 ,k4 ,m4 ,i4 ,r4 ,,polk+horne ,! ,c\nty ,second>y ,s*ool ,/rea?am ,london ,george ,g4 ,h>rap ,company #b #c ,portsm\? ,/reet ,k+sway ,w4,c4 #aiaf ,! ,riv]side ,press ,limit$1 ,ed9burgh ,great ,brita9 ,prefatory ,note ,! au?ors wi% to express _! ?anks to ,mr ,j4 ,e4 ,mansion = _m valuable criticisms & sugge/ions1 & to ,miss ,bassett1 ^: enc\ragem5t & support alone made ! "w possible4 ,cont5ts ,,page ,,introduction4 ,by ,miss ,r4 ,,bassett1 ,b4,a41 ,headmi/ress ( ! ,c\nty ,second>y ,s*ool1 ,/rea?am #i ,,"p ,i ,,toys ,,= ,,little ,,ones3 ,,pap] ,,& ,,c>dbo>d ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,toy-,,mak+ ,,& ,,its ,,educational ,,possibilities #ba ,,ii4 ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples2 ,,mat]ials #bf ,,iii4 ,,pap] ,,"w ,,= ,,infants #ca ,,iv4 ,,m ,,pap] ,,toys #dc ,v4 ,,mat*-,,box ,,toys #ec ,,vi4 ,,m ,,complicat$ ,,mat*-,,box ,,& ,,cork ,,toys #fd ,,vii4 ,,cork ,,animals ,,h>ness$ ,,to ,,sl$ges1 ,,etc4 #gb ,,viii4 ,,m ,,cork ,,toys #hj ,,ix4 ,,c>dbo>d ,,& ,,pap] ,,%ips #hf ,x4 ,,c>dbo>d ,,& ,,pap] ,,toys #ia ,,xi4 ,,simple ,,woodwork #ih ,,xii4 ,,mat]ials #ajb ,,xiii4 ,,"s ,,difficulties ,,9 ,,toy-,,mak+ #aje ,,xiv4 ,,m]ry-,,g-,,r\nd1 ,,sw++ ,,boats1 ,,& ,,great ,,:eel #aji ,,xv4 ,,fly+ ,,air%ips1 ,,gondolas1 ,,& ,,birds #aac ,,xvi4 ,,fire-,,eng9e1 ,,motor-,,lorry1 ,,& ,,/eam-,,roll] #aai ,,xvii4 ,,gipsy ,,c>avan ,,& ,,ba?+ ,,ma*9e #abc ,,xviii4 ,a ,,tra9 ,,& ,,railway ,,/ation #abe ,,xix4 ,,r$ ,,cross ,,motor ,,& ,,taxi-,,cab #aca ,,xx4 ,,sw++ ,,& ,,jo9t$ ,,animals #acf ,,"p ,,ii ,,toys ,,( ,,c>dbo>d ,,& ,,wood3 ,,me*anical ,,toys ,,*apt] ,,page ,i4 ,,additional ,,tools #ade ,,ii4 ,,cap/an1 ,,dreadn\ght1 ,,l9] #adh ,,iii4 ,,motor-,,c>1 ,,sw++ ,,cradle1 ,,deck-,,*air #aeb ,,iv4 ,a ,,tram-,,c> #aee ,v4 ,a ,,crane #aei ,,vi4 ,,w9dmill1 ,,wat]-,,:eel1 ,,well #afa ,,vii4 ,,drawbridge ,,& ,,siege ,,t[] #afh ,,viii4 ,,w> ,,eng9es ,,pa/ ,,& ,,pres5t #aga ,,ix4 ,a ,,fire-,,escape #aha ,x4 ,,ca/le1 ,,t\rnam5t1 ,,& ,,fair #ahd ,,xi4 ,,an ,,old ,,*>iot ,,& ,,"s ,,qua9t ,,dolls' ,,furniture #aij ,,xii4 ,,railway ,,signal ,,& ,,signal-,,box #aie ,,xiii4 ,,ligh?\se1 ,,transport] ,,bridge #aii ,,xiv4 ,,ya*ts ,,& ,,boats3 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,*isel #bjc ,,xv4 ,,! ,,fret-,,saw #bji ,,xvi4 ,,little ,,gymna/1 ,,danc+ ,,cl[n1 ,,rock+ ,,animals #bab ,,xvii4 ,,mov+ ,,figures #bah ,,xviii4 ,,"s ,,old-,,fa%ion$ ,,toys #bba ,,xix4 ,,little ,,swordsm5 #bbe ,,xx4 ,,"s ,,m ,,fret-,,saw ,,toys #bbi ,,xxi4 ,,toys ,,work$ ,,by ,,s& #bce ,,xxii4 ,,toys ,,work$ ,,by ,,:eels1 ,,etc4 #bdc ,,xxiii4 ,,kites1 ,,glid]s1 ,,& ,,a]oplanes #bdi ,,xxiv4 ,,m ,,old-,,fa%ion$ ,,toys #bfj ,,xxv4 ,,lift1 ,,pont ,,r\lant1 ,,t[] ,,bridge #bfg ,,xxvi4 ,,sold]+4 ,,screw ,,/eam]4 ,,toys ,,work$ ,,by ,,w9d ,,& ,,by ,,convection ,,curr5ts #bgh ,,xxvii4 ,,build+s ,,at ,,home ,,& ,,abroad #bhf ,,xxviii4 ,a ,,!atre #bie ,introduction ,by ,r4 ,bassett1 ,b4,a4 ,,headmi/ress1 ,,c\nty ,,second>y ,,s*ool1 ,,/rea?am ,i4 ,,ext]nal ,,evid5ce ,wom5 are (t5 limit$ 9 _! amusem5ts & 9 _! hobbies = lack ( p[] or ( k to use ! requisite implem5ts4 ,we may wield ! ne$le1 ! bru%1 kit*5 ut5sils1 ev5 ! spade & ! tr[el1 b :at k h we ( ! *isel1 ! plane1 ! saw1 or ev5 ! fri5dly gimlet & ! screw-driv]8 ,! scissors answ] _m purposes until ! po9ts are brok51 b h[ helpless we are ) a screw or a saw1 h[ futile are our attempts to adju/ a loose door-h&le1 or to set ! knives ( a m[+ ma*9e6 ,x is humiliat+ to call = help 9 su* simple jobs1 & tantalis+ n to be able to enjoy ! c>p5t]'s b5* z our m5-folk d 9 _! h\rs ( leisure4 ,a really active hobby1 "o entail+ ex]cise ( _m muscles1 o!rwise re/+1 does help to keep a well-balanc$ m9d & a heal?y body4 ,x saves "o f fretfulness1 f too great introspection2 x keeps "o *e]ful & *anges "o's attitude ( m9d :5 *ange is ne$$4 ,x is possible t ! managem5t ( big ?+s falls into m5's h&s because f babyhood !y h dealt ) l>g] ?+s ?an wom51 & ?r\gh h&l+ manageable ?+s f an e>ly age h develop$ ! con/ructive faculty m ?or\ghly4 ,! little girl deals ) 'wee' ?+s3 /it*es are small1 dolls are small2 !re is a fatal t5d5cy sometimes to 'niggle1' to 'f9ick'--n t m5-folk are immune f ?is--to love uni=mity & tid9ess = _! own sakes1 to seek regul>ity r ?an utility4 ,! little girl1 h[ev]1 mu/1 unless %e is too ?or\ghly sup]vis$1 ex]cise "s +5uity 9 plann+ a doll's dress out ( a cutt+ f ! rag-bag2 b h] amusem5ts & hobbies t5d to p9 h] d[n to small ?+s1 & %e does n rise f> en\gh f h] imm$iate surr\nd+s4 ,! dress ( h] little doll w foll[ ! prevail+ fa%ion4 ,orig9ality 9 dress is ecc5tricity4 ,! girl takes pa9s to c>ry out h] "w 7neatness is (t5 ! sole aim put be=e h]71 ! boy f9ds me?ods4 ,! girl hov]s r\nd ! well-kn[n place1 ! boy makes a bee-l9e to fre% fields4 ,see h[ ?is affects read+3 ! girl /ill hank]s aft] ,:at ,katy ,did1 ,:at ,katy ,did ,next1 :ile ! boy ( h] age is read+ ,jules ,v]ne or ,ballantyne or ,h5ty1 or if !re is op5 access to %elves 9 ! ,free ,libr>y ne> him1 y see him f9d+ books on ,air%ips1 ,subm>9es1 ,c>p5try1 or ,eng9e]+4 ,we />t$ our volunt>y classes ) ^! ideas 9 m9d1 & at fir/ all[$ girls to *oose an indoor occupation 9 ! two w9t] t]ms in/ead ( outdoor games4 ,_m girls pref]r$ games1 b o!rs *ose ,art or ,fir/ ,aid or ,cook]y or ,h&work or ,ne$lework4 ,!y _h to "w at lea/ a t]m at ! *os5 occupation4 ,we felt t ! girls ga9$ great b5efit f ! hobbies1 n only 9 ! additional happ9ess ( work+ at :at !y enjoy$1 b 9 an increase ( fre%ness ( m9d = o!r "w4 ,?is ye> we h gone /ill f>!r & h giv5 ea* girl "o p]iod ( volunt>y "w 9 addition to a :ole aft]noon = games or g>d5+2 moreov]1 ! f\r l[e/ =ms h ea* "o p]iod ( class "w 9 toy-mak+2 yet ev5 n[ ! *ildr5 say t ! "t is too %ort4 ,x is really amus+ to see a *ange ( classes 9 ! woodwork-room2 ! fir/ class d>e n & _c /ay a m9ute aft] ! bell has rung1 = ! second class is 9 & already at "w4 ,i h tri$ to f9d out :at is ! great attraction to ! *ild 9 ! h&work lessons2 ! *ildr5's appreciation ( ! subject w be f\nd 9 ,section ,,ii4 ,probably ! /ronge/ attractions are3 fir/ly1 !y see ! build+ up ( a piece ( "w & ! result pleases !m 7at all ev5ts1 until !y d some?+ bett]72 secondly1 !y are actively employ$1 le>n+ by do+1 n le>n+ by li/5+2 &1 la/ly1 !y love ! *e]ful noise ( ! hamm] & ! saw & fri5dly conv]sation4 ,x is h>d to e/imate ! value ( h&work 9 education1 = "o _c sep>ate ! influ5ce ( "o subject 9 ! curriculum1 b "o is tempt$ to say t x has a b5eficial effect ^u ! *ild's attitude t[>d "w 9 g5]al2 %e looks into ! :y & :]e=e ( an object 9 ord] to see h[ x is made2 unconsci\sly %e adopts ! same attitude t[>d ?+s ab/ract4 ,%e le>ns to appreciate accuracy & to detect error1 b h[ f> %e applies ?is to subjects o!r ?an h&work x is h>d to say4 ,x is possible1 also1 t h&work helps to develop ! s5se ( ju/ice4 ,c]ta9ly ! girl :o has _h a c\rse 9 h&work does take a m intellig5t int]e/ 9 ?+s ar\nd h]1 & does f9d out a way ( 'sett+ ab\t' a piece ( "w by h]self4 ,%e has some?+ pleasant & pr(itable to ?9k ab\t2 %e becomes m bus9esslike2 9 ! lesson itself %e res5ts int]ruption 7?is 0 ! case :5 ! photograph] came = illu/rations = ?is book72 m /rangely /ill1 %e plays no tricks ) glue-pot or tools1 al?\gh %e has innum]able opportunities = mis*ief4 ,! joy ov] ! f9i%$ article is great] ?an ! _s ( mis*ief4 ,%e realises h[ %ort ! "t is :5 !re is "w to be done1 & looks out = devices = sav+ "t1 putt+ tools 9 h&y places1 sav+ pieces ( wood ( useful sizes to avoid saw+1 & s on4 ,!re is a _s ( e>ne/ endeav\r abroad 9 ! h&work class :i* prev5ts a girl f ?r[+ aside 9 a pet some?+ %e has done badly2 %e does n give up 9 disgu/2 %e f9ds out ! cause ( ! failure & tries aga9 & aga9 until %e gets bett] results4 ,x is no unusual ?+ to f9d a girl return to a job t1 five or six weeks be=e1 %e _h ?\ght f9i%$1 & d x aga91 because h] progress ) o!r articles has made h] dissatisfi$ ) h] previ\s /&>d4 ,?is comes1 n f sugge/ion f outside1 b f ! developm5t ( ! *ild's own judgem5t4 ,^! are ! ?+s :i* %[ :at is ! real value ( ?is tra9+4 ,,ii4 ,,int]nal ,,evid5ce ,9 ord] to f9d f int]nal evid5ce ! educational value ( toy-mak+1 ! foll[+ que/ions 7 put to ! two l[e/ classes 7ages t5 to elev574 ,! girls 7 told to write frankly :at !y really ?\ght1 n :at !y ?\ght might satisfy ! mi/ress4 ,to ! "q1 ,if y l h&work1 say :y2 if n1 say :y y d n1 out ( =ty-five pap]s "o answ] only 0 aga9/ h&work--,because ,i d n l saw+4 ,! answ]s 9 fav\r 7 ( ?is type3 ,because we c make :at we l4 ,because ,i l saw+ & hamm]+4 ,because x is nice to see ! ?+s :5 !y are f9i%$4 ,because y c make int]e/+ ?+s4 ,because x is int]e/+ mak+ ?+s out ( wood l boys4 ,because ,i make useful ?+s4 ,! fav\rite tools 7 ! hamm] & saw4 ,!re 0 consid]able diff]5ce ( op9ion on ! "q1 ,has x done y any good8 ,a fair numb] ?9k x has made !m c>eful or pati5t or m useful2 o!rs seem to ?9k t ! ex]cise 9 saw+ has "s good effect on ! arms2 "o says h] f+]s are bett] = music4 ,o!rs see 9 h&work a pleasant occupation = future gr[n-up days2 ano!r ?9ks x has made h] n s flabby & fat4 ,if !y admit t x has cur$ !m ( any faults 7& !y are n v ready to d ?is71 ! *ief are laz9ess1 clums9ess1 & c>elessness4 ,to ! la/ "q1 ,w x be ( any use to y :5 y are gr[n up8 ! majority look =w>d to ! joy ( m5d+ _! little girls' toys4 7,n "o m5tions a little boy2 is he expect$ to m5d 8 own87 ,o!rs w make ?+s in/ead ( buy+ !m ready-made4 ,"s look =w>d to m5d+ brok5 *airs or door-h&les4 ,"o says3 ,x w tea* me to e>n my =tune1 & f9ally "o writes philosophically3 ,ordep5ts4 7,no6 h&work does n cure bad spell+47 ,! girls ( ! next highe/ =ms 7ages elev5 to twelve7 7 giv5 ! que/ionnaire z sugge/ions & 7 ask$ to write an essay on h&work4 ,f !m we get ! 'home' po9t ( view1 ! views ( ! "m1 fa!r1 sceptical bro!rs1 & ( ! y\ng] *ildr51 :o appe> to clam\r = ! toys4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii ,a ,,toy-,,mak+ ,,class ,,at ,,/rea?am ,h&work is my fav\rite lesson next to ,botany4 ,x is a delightful pa/ime = myself & a great amusem5t = my little bro!r :5 x is f9i%$4 ',h y f9i%$ ! sw+ yet8' is ! usual "q :i* greets me e ,?ursday ev5+4 ,:5 ,i am able to d h&work extra nicely ,i %all d a v nice piece ( "w & keep x z long z ,i c1 & :5 ,i get old x w rem9d me ( y\?4 ,my bro!r tries to make "s ( ! ?+s ,i br+ home4 ,my si/] likes ! sw+ & uses x = h] dolls4 ,x is a s\rce ( enjoym5t to mo/ *ildr51 b until ,i ent]$ ?is s*ool ,i _h nev] he>d ( girls be+ taught x4 ,i enjoy ?is s mu* t ,i hope to buy "s tools & wood & d "s "w at home4 ,my ?ree bro!rs tease me t]ribly & call me ! 'left-h&$ c>p5t]1' because ,i always "w ) my left h&4 ,i am n satisfi$ ) ! h&work ,i h done at pres5t1 b hope greatly to improve4 ,i enjoy mak+ useful ?+s because !y make v useful pres5ts at all times4 ,i %\ld l to tea* h&work to o!rs1 z ,i ?9k x s int]e/+4 ,i h discov]$ t h&work ne$s pati5ce & neatness 9 e way4 ,i h le>nt t ev]y?+ mu/ be done prop]ly1 because ,i made a motor-c> & gave x to my little si/]1 b %e happ5$ to drop x & x came un/uck4 ,my little bro!r ?9ks x's silly = girls to le>n h&work1 & ev]y?+ ,i br+ home he says1 ',i %\ld n h done x l t1' & goes on to expla9 h[ he w\ld h done x1 al?\gh he has nev] le>nt himself4 ,i don't l ! "p mu* :]e y h to prep>e ev]y?+ to put toge!r4 ,i l putt+ x toge!r & !n y c see some?+ = y\r "w4 ,"s %[ ! e?ical value ( ! tra9+2 ! ne$ ( pati5ce seems to appeal mo/ =cibly to *ildr5 :o are mak+ _! fir/ attempts at h&work4 ,to make toys & o!r wood5 ?+s tea*es u to be pati5t1 = (t5 j at a critical mom5t some?+ w come un/uck & we h to beg9 all ov] aga94 ,! top ( ! r\ndab\t :i* ,i am n[ mak+ has come (f ?ree or f\r times1 & consequ5tly x has tak5 me ab\t twice z long to make z x w\ld if all _h gone smoo?ly4 ,sometimes y h to wait = a piece ( wood to /ick4 ,! o!r ,friday ,i 0 wait+ = a piece to /ick & aft] a :ile ,i w5t on1 ?9k+ x _h got /uck2 unluckily x _h n & x came (f4 ,t v same piece ( wood has come (f e day except to-day4 ,?is %[s any "o t "o ne$s "t & pati5ce4 ,also y h to wait a :ile because "s "o has run (f ) ! glue-pot1 or else ,i f9d my file or gimlet disappe>$4 ,:5 ,i fir/ began h&work ,i c\ld n knock a nail 9 /raight or else ,i w\ld hit my f+]s4 ,b ,i c n[ knock a nail 9 /raight & )\t knock+ my f+]s4 ,i c saw mu* m quickly ?an :5 ,i fir/ began4 ,x tea*es u a great lesson ( pati5ce4 ,= in/ance1 x is v try+ to h to sit or /& = q a long :ile hold+ "s little refractory piece ( wood t w n /ick h[ev] mu* "o tries3 b x is no good gett+ cross1 = ! "w w n be f9i%$ if we d n /ick ! little piece ( wood or pap]4 ,once "m told me ,i _h n any idea = any?+1 b n[ %e says ,i am mu* bett]1 ?is be+ "o result ( h&work4 ,h&work1 ,i ?9k1 has cur$ me ( "o fault & t is inaccuracy1 = if ! wood is n ! prop] l5g?1 x w n fit on to ! ?+ :i* is be+ made4 ,i h nev] done ?is k9d ( "w be=e1 b ,i ?9k x does help u :5 we are gr[n up2 "o way is t ev]y?+ mu/ be accurate2 & x is also v nice to make ?+s4 ,i f9d t h&work helps me greatly1 z ,i am bad at my draw+ & ne$lework4 ,i love us+ ! saws & hamm]s4 ,"m is go+ to give me a set ( fretwork tools s t ,i c put fancy tops to my frames1 etc4 ,if ,i _h a little si/] or bro!r ,i w\ld make a motor or tra91 b z ,i am ! only "o1 ,i make ?+s = ornam5ts4 ,next ,i %all make a table ) ! two sides to let d[n1 or "o ) a sep>ate leaf to put 94 ,h&work tea*es y to be exact & to hold ?+s delicately4 ,x is v awkw>d to hamm] a nail into a ?9 leg ( a table or *air1 because !y wobble ov]4 ,i ?9k h&work is v int]e/+ & x has taught me pati5ce4 ,i am n all[$ to read m ?an half an h\r aft] ,i h done my homework & practice because my eyes are weak1 & z ,i am :at "s p call a bookworm ,i us$ to miss read+ a great deal1 b n[ ,i d h&work 9 my sp>e "t4 ,"o day ,i hope to complete my doll's h\se1 its g>age & furniture1 b ,i h n f9i%$ ! h\se yet4 ,i l mak+ su* ?+s z *airs & tables be/ ( all4 ,h&work lessons 7 unkn[n to me until ,i came to ?is s*ool ne>ly two t]ms ago1 & at fir/ ,mamma 0 always tell+ me t %e w\ld n let me d any m at home1 until ,i ?\ght ( putt+ pap] on ! floor1 :i* keeps ! %av+s & sawdu/ f untidy+ ! floor4 ,i always d ?is n[1 & :5 ! pap] is tak5 up ,i d n h s mu* tr\ble z t ( pick+ ! pieces (f ! mat & !n sweep+ ! floor be=e ,i g to b$4 ,h&work also helps to make "o accurate & c>eful2 p]haps y\r f+]s '7 all ?umbs1' z ! say+ goes1 be=e y />t$ h&work1 b y f9d t aft] say a mon? y\r f+]s w\ld be able to t\* a frail ?+ )\t break+ x4 ,_! desire to make & remake v>ies betwe5 'pleasure toys' & useful articles2 "o suspects sometimes a desire to appease ! vexation ( ! 'h\se-pr\d' "m :5 !re is mu* disord] caus$ at home ) %av+s & sawdu/4 ,i c n only make toys1 b useful ?+s su* z di% /&s1 brackets1 photo frames1 also easels to /& photographs on4 ,i l h&work4 ,= volunt>y "w ,i d h&work1 & x is also our fir/ lesson on ,friday aft]noon4 ,i l x because x helps u to make useful ?+s4 ,= volunt>y "w ,i am mak+ a m$ic9e *e/4 ,x w be h&y1 because we always h a great deal ( m$ic9e at home4 ,la/ t]m ,i made a knife-box1 & x 0 useful1 because ,mama's 0 gett+ old4 ,my fav\rite tools at h&work are ! saw & hamm]4 ,next t]m ,i want to make a writ+-case & a ,r$ ,cross motor4 ,i enjoy go+ to h&work v mu*4 ,! fir/ ?+ to ?9k ab\t1 on gett+ d[n to ! h&work-room1 is sett+ to "w1 & go+ ab\t ev]y?+ quietly4 ,ev]y?+ 9 h&work1 to be done nicely1 mu/ be neat1 clean1 & c>efully made & put toge!r4 ,9 h&work ,i h made an easel 7:i* is a bit difficult to fix1 unless "o has a prop] h+e at ! back7 & a picture-frame & a little doll's h\se1 & ,i w\ld l to make ano!r "o1 z ,i ?9k x is s int]e/+ plann+ out ea* little corn] = diff]5t ?+s1 & x helps "o to ?9k ( h[ !y w\ld plan out a home if !y _h "o ( _! own1 z p]haps "s ( u w4 ,i am n[ mak+ a tram-c>1 :i* is really v difficult4 ,i h n ne>ly f9i%$ yet1 z !re is su* a great deal ( "w 9 x4 ,girls' lik+s = tools diff]1 b a file is ! nice/ tool1 9 my eyes2 x makes ! r\gh places q smoo? & nice4 ,9 my exp]i5ce ( h&work ,i h made a boat ) ! capta9's bridge & rigg+s1 funnels1 ma/s1 & rail+s ar\nd ! edge4 ,i h also made a picture frame & doll's furniture = a fri5d's si/]4 ,at home ,i h made a basem5t = a doll g5tleman's h\se = ! s]vants to live 92 ,i pap]$ x & made x look neat & tidy4 ,x is r nice to see all ( ! girls mak+ ?+s at ! tables z busy z bees & x is nice to see _! faces :5 !y look at ! ?+ :i* !y h j f9i%$4 ,! lesson ,i enjoy mo/ dur+ ! week is ! "o t]m$ h&work1 really c>p5t]+ on a small scale4 ,!re are _m ?+s y c make1 & if y take great pa9s ) !m !y become really pretty little ornam5ts2 9 fact1 ,i am ?9k+ ( hav+ "s %elves specially = my toys4 ,:5 ?9k+ ( :at measurem5ts to make y\r toy & plann+ x out 9 figures ,i ?9k t x helps y greatly 9 ari?metic4 ,! h>de/ tool to use1 ,i f9d1 is ! saw2 y h to h a /eady h& to use x4 ,:5 ,i fir/ took h&work lessons ,i us$ to ?9k x h>d "w1 b n[ ,i ?9k o!rwise1 & feel r gr& :5 ,i %[ my p>5ts ! ?+s ,i h made4 ,! mo/ important use ( h&work is t :5 y are old] y c knock a nail 9 or m5d any?+ t ne$s m5d+ 9 ! wood5 l9e1 in/ead ( hav+ to wait until fa!r1 bro!r1 or husb& comes home tir$ = !m to d x4 ,z well z ?is !re might come a "t :5 ! mak+ ( toys w\ld help to e>n ! daily bread4 ,i am mak+ a tram-c> n[1 & :5 ,i h f9i%$ x ,i want to make a :ole set ( furniture = a doll's h\se4 ,! h>de/ "p ( x w be :5 ,i am putt+ legs on tables or *airs4 ,!y h to be q /raight or ! table w n /& up4 ,sometimes we h j settl$ a po/ or a rail 9 ! "r place ) ! help ( "s glue :5 somebody knocks ! table & ov] goes our piece ( wood4 ,!n we h 'to gr9 & be> x4' ,our tea*]'s "n is ,miss ,polk+horne1 %e be+ v skilful & does mu* bett] "w ?an u = we are only m9iatures yet a:ile6 ,:5 ,i gr[ up h&work w be useful to me1 = if any?+ breaks ,i %all "k h[ to m5d x1 & if ,i _h *ildr5 ,i c\ld make ?+s to amuse !m4 ,(t5 ,i d h&work at home4 ,i l us+ ! saw bett] ?an any o!r tool4 ,i h made a good _m ?+s1 b ,i ?9k ! be/ 0 a little toy motor-c>4 ,h&work is my fav\rite lesson2 :5 ,i gr[ up ,i %all nev] leave (f do+ h&work4 ,my little si/] helps me sometimes4 ,i ?9k %e w l x4 ,my "m has ask$ me to make a little ?+ to put mat*-boxes 94 ,i ?9k t x helps to make y v c>eful4 ,= :5 "o is hamm]+ & ! hamm] slips y get hurt & t makes "o c>eful4 ,! h>de/ ?+ to d 9 a writ+-case is to saw ! piece ( wood = ! ink division4 ,x is h>d to get ! exact size1 b x does n look nice if x does n fit exactly4 ,i l h&work because x is diff]5t f any o!r lesson 9 ! week2 !re is n mu* writ+ to d1 only to m>k on ! wood c]ta9 l5g?s4 ,i once sp5t a long "t 9 do+ a %ip1 b ,i c\ld n get on4 ,i sp5t a v long "t 9 try+ to take ! pap] (f a tobacco box1 b x 0 n go+ to come4 ,i !n w5t on ) ! mak+1 b x kept fall+ to pieces4 ,i took x home1 & took necess>y mat]ials ) x2 pap] = flags & nails4 ,i 0 a long "t 9 do+ x1 z ,i took ev]y?+ ap>t & scrat*$ all ( ! pap] (f2 b x n[ looks v mu* bett]4 ,h&work is r a funny k9d ( occupation = girls1 b x tea*es u h[ to d ?+s4 ,h&work is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ lessons t !re is4 ,x helps "o to h ideas1 & also to be c>eful4 ,! reason :y ,i l x is because ,i ?9k t mo/ p %\ld h a pa/ime & ?is is a v pleasant "o1 & ,i ?9k mo/ *ildr5 w agree to ?is po9t4 ,i h to use _m k9ds ( tools b ! nice/ is ! hamm]1 because :5 ,i use x ,i "k ,i am ne> ! end ( a piece ( "w4 7,x is n t ,i dislike h&work1 b t ,i am go+ to />t some?+ fre%47 ,i h already made two picture-frames1 two b$s1 a sw+1 a *air1 a motor-c>1 an easel1 & ,i am n[ mak+ ano!r sw+4 ,i ?9k ,i %all try to make a baby's cot aft] ,i h f9i%$ my sw+4 ,i pref] to saw wood & /ick pieces ( wood toge!r to hamm]+ nails 9 ! wood1 because ! nails are sometimes difficult to get 91 = !y v (t5 g 9 crook$ly4 ,:5 we get old] & und]/& h&work m ?or\ghly we may be able to make ?+s = ! home1 su* z knife-boxes & pap]-racks2 ! ?+s we make n[ are mo/ly pleasure toys t we w amuse our y\ng] bro!rs & si/]s )4 ,9 mo/ cases x ne$s a great deal ( pati5ce1 = ! ?+s1 h[ev] simple1 h "s difficult "p4 ,i l mak+ toys1 s !n if y make !m nicely y c take !m home = y\r little si/]s & bro!rs to play )4 ,h&work gives y ideas ab\t ?+s4 ,we c make v useful ?+s su* z lett]-racks & pipe-racks4 ,i l mak+ furniture = dolls' h\ses--*airs1 tables1 & s(as4 ,i l mak+ sw+s4 ,"s ( u make animals4 ,i d n "k v mu* ab\t h&work1 z ,i h sc>cely h&l$ a tool be=e ,i came "h ?is t]m1 b ,i ?9k ,i %all always enjoy x v mu*4 ,i am mak+ a doll's h\se n[1 = my little si/] 7ag$ five71 & ,i ?9k x is tea*+ me to make myself useful1 because nobody at home c>es = x mu*1 s ,i w soon be able to m5d *airs1 make brackets1 etc41 etc4 ,s9ce we h n be5 able to h prop] firewood at home lately1 "m has _h l>ge wood5 boxes to *op 7a ?+ ,i delight 9 do+71 & n[ & aga9 "m has giv5 me a few ( !m4 ,i tri$ to make ?+s out ( !m & soon f\nd x too r\gh3 s fa!r has giv5 me "s nice poli%$ wood1 & he says t p]haps soon he w buy me a nice little fret-saw set ( tools z 8 are s l>ge & clumsy4 ,i ?9k ,i l saw+ be/ ( all1 b ,i ?9k ,i l all ! re/ v well2 ,i get q excit$ :5 ,?ursday & ,friday come r\nd 7= ^? are ! days on :i* we h h&work74 ,"m ?9ks x is a spl5did ?+ = girls1 & ,i q agree ) h]4 ,& we bo? ?9k t x w help me on ) my geometry 7:i* ,i'm n v brilliant 91 b am try+ my be/74 ,^! compositions 7 writt5 9 s*ool & ! extracts h n be5 correct$1 !y are j z ! *ildr5 wrote !m2 we add no comm5t>y1 b let !m speak = !mselves4 ,,toy-,,mak+ ,,9 ,,s*ool ,,& ,,home ,,*apt] ,i ,,toy-,,mak+ ,,& ,,its ,,educational ,,possibilities ,"o's ma9 object 9 tea*+ *ildr5 h[ to make toys %\ld be to tea* !m h[ to make toys4 ,?r\gh _! ef=ts to make a beautiful toy !y may become m pati5t1 m accurate1 m obs]vant1 & m nimble ) _! f+]s1 b ^! virtues w come m naturally & readily if ! tea*] has b "o object 9 view2 s+l5ess ( purpose is ! secret ( success4 ,?r\gh classes 9 toy-mak+ rightly conduct$ ! *ildr5 become m res\rceful1 m quick at f9d+ ! "r ?+ = ! "r place1 happi] 9 "s cases--t is to say1 ! s-call$ dull *ild1 ! *ild t has no gift = ma!matics1 no memory = languages1 c (t5 f9d 9 ! h&work class ! happ9ess ( do+ some?+ well1 ( produc+ a praisewor?y & pleasure-giv+ piece ( "w4 ,x is v necess>y to f9d occupation = backw>d *ildr51 :o sometimes drift r aimlessly ?r\gh ! s*ool1 occupation t w develop initiative & involve ef=t1 occupation t w br+ disappo9tm5ts 7s (t5 "o c>eless bit ( "w spoils an almo/ f9i%$ toy71 b w also br+ ! joy ( successful a*ievem5t4 ,! ord9>y lessons--,engli%1 ,fr5*1 etc4--may be said also to br+ _! disappo9tm5ts & joys1 b n 9 ! same tangible way z ! h&work lesson4 ,! table t w n /& /eadily because all its legs h n be5 c>efully cut ! "r l5g? tea*es to a c]ta9 type ( m9d a m =cible lesson ?an ! incorrect sum or ,fr5* ex]cise4 ,aga91 x is v necess>y t "o lesson p]iod a week %\ld be devot$ to an occupation :i* is ( ! nature ( a hobby2 ! ord9>y hi/ory & geography lessons d n (t5 sugge/ volunt>y "w = ! *ildr5's leisure4 ,inde$1 9 _m cases x is easi] to tra9 *ildr5 to become future cl]ks & tea*]s ?an to tra9 !m h[ to use _! leisure4 ,n[ h&work classes sugge/ leisure occupations4 ,! *ildr5 :o beg9 to make _! own toys 9 ! l[] =ms = !mselves1 :5 old] w want to make !m = o!r little *ildr51 :5 old]1 too1 !y w beg9 to ask h[ to make useful articles--writ+-cases1 m$ic9e-*e/s1 knife-boxes1 soap-boxes--articles v frequ5tly sugge/$ by _! p>5ts & mu* valu$ by !m :5 made4 ,"o ne$ sc>cely fe> = ! future ( ! *ild1 h[ev] dull & me*anical h] daily "w z a gr[n-up p]son may be1 if %e has abundant int]e/s 9 life--if %e c use & love to use 9 leisure mom5ts hamm]1 saw1 & file1 or if %e has "s o!r heal?y hobby4 ,/ill1 = ^? :o l ! pleasant noise & pleasant mess caus$ by tools1 x is h>d to f9d a happi] occupation ?an toy-mak+4 ,a toy-mak] becomes at once a collector ( useful odds & ends1 & a collector 7t is1 "o :o collects will+ly ! ?+s he likes7 is always a happy p]son2 ! toy-mak] becomes1 too1 ! contriv]1 "o :o c adapt mat]ials to diff]5t purposes1 & ! giv]--= ! f9i%$ article mu/ be dispos$ (4 ,! m]e acquisition ( k =ms ! lea/ important "p ( s*ool "w4 ,a l>ge numb] ( facts 9 connexion ) hi/ory1 geography1 ,fr5*1 etc41 h rightly to be le>nt by he>t & are useful to ! *ild 9 aft] life1 b !y d n br+ ) !m necess>ily wisdom1 nor does ! le>n+ ( !m play su* an important "p 9 ! *ild's developm5t z ! activity ( ! *ild 9 ! h&work class does4 ,"s "o has wisely said1 ,if education at s*ool means no?+ m to ! *ildr5 ?an a respectable r\t9e & a few exam9ations successfully circumv5t$1 !n education is a failure2 if besides t1 x has enliv5$ ! ye>s & c\nt$ = some?+ 9 ! g5]al joy ( gr[+1 !n x has a real value--a value :i* entitles x to a place among happy memories1 p]haps ev5 ! highe/ place ( all4 ,_m ( u p]haps feel 9 look+ back on our s*ooldays h[ _m good ?+s we lo/ = ! sake ( le>n+ "s n[ =gott5 facts2 h[ _m good ?+s we lo/ to be fir/ 9 class2 we confus$ means ) ends1 we toil$ ov] our hi/ory & le>nt x to get full m>ks 9 ! com+ te/ 7we %\ld h toil$ ov] our toy = love ( mak+ x & to produce z p]fect a "o z possible72 9 aft] life we w\ld gladly tread "s ( ! by-pa?s ( k1 h "s hobby1 b our rigor\s sy/em ( tra9+ left u no opportunity 9 "y days1 & sapp$ ! en]gy t alone w\ld make x possible 9 aft] ye>s4 ,no s*eme ( "w !n = s*ooldays mu/ be s rigor\s t x leaves no leisure = 'fea/ days4' ,"s days1 "s h\rs mu/ come back to memory1 br++ n only _! pa/ happ9ess1 b ideas = pres5t occupation4 ,! happie/ days ( y\? are g5]ally ! busie/1 days :5 "o _h some?+ "o really want$ to be busy ab\t = its own sake1 n = ! sake ( m>ks or = ! sake ( out/ripp+ "o's fell[-pupils1 or = ! sake ( "o's future4 ,^! busy1 happy1 idle days are ! fea/ days ( y\?1 days "o ?9ks ( z ! poet ?\ght :5 he wrote3 ,& none w "k ! gleam !re us$ to be ,ab\t ! fea/ days fre%ly kept by me1 ,b m5 w call ! gold5 h\r ( bliss ',ab\t ?is "t1' or '%ortly aft] ?is4' ,?is book on toy-mak+ is n writt5 to advocate ! s-call$ 'primrose pa? 9 education1' ! 'turn-"w-into-play !ory1' ?\gh und\bt$ly ! fir/ *apt]s at lea/ ( ?is book w be attack$ by ^? :o fe> t education is yield+ or is go+ to yield to a popul> clam\r = ease4 ,= ^! p1 too1 ,masefield has a message3 ,be/ tru/ ! happy mom5ts4 ,:at !y gave ,makes man less fe>ful ( ! c]ta9 grave1 ,& gives 8 "w compassion & new eyes2 ,! days t make u happy make u wise4 ,moreov]1 e tea*] ( h&work kn[s h[ little ease ! busy *ildr5 9 h] classes get--9 ^! classes !y are nev] passive li/5]s or passive le>n]s by he>t4 ,!y see ! ne$ ( accuracy1 ! lab\r necess>y to produce x1 !y suff] = e mi/ake !y make1 !y realise "s ( ! joy & pa9 ( creat+1 &1 be/ ( all p]haps1 !y realise ! joy ( "w--active1 muscul> "w z di/+ui%$ f _! ord9>y s*ol>ly "w4 ,) reg>d to ! "q ( "w x has be5 ably said t ,no "o has yet prea*$ 9 an adequate way ! gospel ( "w--real h>d "w--z ! mo/ amus+ ( all occupations--n a noble duty4 ,x is some:at un=tunate t directly "o beg9s to l "o's "w "o is accus$ ( play+4 ,to return to toy-mak+ 7:i* is "w or play1 accord+ to :e!r "o dislikes or likes x7--:e!r toy-mak+ be tak5 9 ! s*ool or n1 ! tea*]s w f9d x a useful hobby4 ,?r\gh x !y c amuse !mselves & r5ew _! y\?2 ?r\gh x !y w h an endur+ bond ( union ) _! *ildr54 ,our k ( hi/ory & geography (t5 fails to impress our *ildr52 !y probably ?9k we are a little fooli% to burd5 our heads ) s _m facts t seem to h no be>+ on to-day2 b :5 we c use our h&s & make a toy !y see u ) o!r eyes1 we are really clev] p wor? cultivat+4 ,if toy-mak+ be tak5 z a =m ( h&work 9 s*ool1 "o enli/s at once ! int]e/ ( ! p>5t--especially ( ! fa!r--! "m sometimes1 n (t51 objects to ! mess4 ,?is int]e/ ( ! p>5ts is a great ga92 ! fa!r delights 9 do+ a bit ( ! "w--/ick+ on ! difficult funnel1 saw+ ! h>d piece ( wood2 *ild le>ns f p>5t1 & p>5t f *ild1 & 9 ?is way ! fa!r may aga9 rememb] half-=gott5 ambitions1 half-neglect$ tal5ts1 & f9d 9 toy-mak+ a pr(itable occupation1 pr(itable ma9ly 9 ! fact t any occupation :i* recalls to ! gr[n-up p]son 8 y\?1 ) its fre%] outlook on life1 mu/ be :olesome4 ,f9ally1 if ! h&work classes make ! *ildr5 m 'at home' ) !mselves & ) life1 !y w h done some?+2 if !y help !m t[>d self-realisation !y w help !m t[>d ! joy ! writ] speaks ( :o says1 ,joy ( life seems to me to arise f a s5se ( be+ :]e "o belongs1 z ,i feel "r "h2 ( be+ f\r-squ>e ) ! life we h *os54 ,all ! discont5t$ p ,i "k are try+ s$ul\sly to be some?+ !y are n1 to d some?+ !y _c d4444 ,x is curi\s1 is x n1 ) :at skill we w adapt our s&y l& to potatoes & gr[ our beans ) clay1 & ) h[ little wisdom we f>m ! soil ( our own natures8 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples2 ,,mat]ials ,9 toy-mak+ 9 s*ools x is v necess>y to design toys t c be made f mat]ials :i* are easily obta9$4 ,! ,bo>d ( ,education 9 a report on h&work 9 ! ,london elem5t>y s*ools says3 ,! range ( mat]ials us$ is limit$1 z a rule1 to pap]1 c>dbo>d1 clay1 & 'prep>$ wood' or '/ripwood4' ,x is p]haps un=tunate t ^! are almo/ entirely 's*ool mat]ials1' 9 o!r words mat]ials :i* are n likely to be mu* us$ outside ! s*ool1 ei!r 9 ! *ild's home or 9 aft] life4 ,!re is tru? 9 ?is--to give ! *ild too mu* 'prep>$ mat]ial' t5ds to make him less inv5tive1 res\rceful1 & pa9/ak+1 & prev5ts him f cont9u+ 8 "w at home1 :]e he has n got prep>$ mat]ial4 ,any s]ies ( toys made f ! same mat]ial--say a s]ies ( toys made f mat* /ales or f '/ripwood'--has v limit$ educational advantages4 ,toys made f a comb9ation ( wa/e mat]ials are ! be/--mat*-boxes1 c>dbo>d & wood5 boxes ( all sizes1 mantle-boxes1 reels1 corks1 broom-h&les1 silv] pap]1 etc41 c all play a "p 9 produc+ an effective1 ev5 a beautiful toy4 ,mo/ ( ! toys describ$ 9 ?is book are made f s-call$ 'wa/e mat]ials4' ,) reg>d to infant s*ool "w1 squ>es ( :ite pap]--c>tridge pap] or ord9>y ex]cise pap]--:i* ! *ildr5 c col\r !mselves are bett] ?an a too slavi% use ( ! col\r$ gumm$ squ>es suppli$ to s*ools4 ,fur!r directions ) reg>d to mat]ials w be giv5 9 connexion ) ! v>i\s toys4 ,x is advisable to use z few tools z possible1 bo? because ! few] tools ! less exp5se & because ! few] tools ! m ?\ght & +5uity requir$4 ,to h a p]fect in/rum5t at h& = e ne$ p>alyses "w1 ?\ght1 & happ9ess4 ,mo/ ( ! toys 9 ?is book are made--if = little ones1 ) scissors1 if = old] ones1 ) hamm]1 saw1 & file4 ,a graduat$ c\rse is necess>y4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! little ones f five to sev5 make _! toys ( pap]1 clay1 pla/ic9e1 & raffia4 ,*ildr5 f sev5 to t5 c make simple wood5 toys4 ,wood5 toys are ! be/2 _m ?+s c be done ) wood1 impossible ) c>dbo>d or pap]1 & !y are s la/+4 ,c>dbo>d modell+ is always difficult1 & z a rule %\ld n be attempt$ by *ildr5 y\ng] ?an n9e4 ,except t !y provide practice 9 accurate measurem5t1 toys made ( pap] & c>dbo>d by *ildr5 ( n9e or old] are disappo9t+1 !y cru% s quickly4 ,q /rong toys c1 h[ev]1 be made f a comb9ation ( wood1 c>dbo>d1 & pap]4 ,if really /rong pap] toys are requir$ 7= example1 ! v>i\s articles ( doll's furniture1 ! table & *air1 etc41 are m valuable if /rongly made71 an excell5t m$ium c be made by pa/+ 7us+ ord9>y fl\r pa/e7 two or ?ree %eets ( pap] toge!r & all[+ !m to dry ?or\ghly "u pressure4 ,bo? or all ?ree %eets mu/ be pa/$ ov] be=e !y are br\ght toge!r to avoid subsequ5t curl+4 ,?is w1 h[ev]1 prove too /iff a m$ium = *ildr5 y\ng] ?an five4 ,skew]s w be f\nd v useful 9 toy-mak+4 ,any ord9>y metal skew] is useful = bor+ holes 9 c>dbo>d & corks1 :ile ! %ort meat skew]s1 ?ree in*es long 7co/ twop5ce p] doz571 are an excell5t sub/itute = bradawls :5 ! *ildr5 are mak+ ! e>ly light woodwork models2 lat] on 9 woodwork a f9e workman's bradawl is requir$1 or a drill4 ,wood5 skew]s are useful = axles ( all k9ds4 ,ano!r useful bor+ tool 7= mak+ holes 9 pap]1 corks1 or c>dbo>d7 is ! metal p9 /opp] suppli$ ) tubes ( seccot9e4 ,?is bores a hole 9 c>dbo>d or pap] t is ! "r size = a mat*4 ,:5 bor+ holes 9 c>dbo>d ! *ildr5 w f9d a cotton reel useful to bore ^u2 _! meat skew] or seccot9e p9 /opp] c !n pass ?r\gh ! c>dbo>d into ! hole 9 ! reel4 ,me?ods ( jo9+ ,c>dbo>d & ,pap] ,edges4 7#a7 ,leav+ a flange4 ,9 ,fig4 #a ! %ad$ portions repres5t flanges--flange ,a is = jo9+ side ( h\se ,b to ,c1 flanges ,d1 ,e1 ,f1 ,g are = hold+ ! ro(2 !y mu/1 ( c\rse1 be b5t at "r angles to ! sides ,b & ,h4 7,note flange 9 socket ( c&le/ick1 ,fig4 #di1 ,*apt] ,,iv1 & 9 pigeon-h\se1 ,*apt] ,x47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a ,if ,fig4 #a is made ( c>dbo>d1 flange ,a mu/ h ! surface ( ! c>dbo>d p>$ away1 o!rwise ! jo9+ w be clumsy4 ,! dott$ l9es repres5t b5ds only 9 ! case ( pap]1 b half cuts 9 ! case ( c>dbo>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b ,) reg>d to ! size ( ! flange1 ?is w dep5d ^u ! /r5g? ( ! adhesive us$ & ! /iffness ( ! mat]ial4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! l>g] ! flange ! bett]1 = a n>r[ flange t5ds to turn up & mu/ be held d[n long] ?an a wide "o4 ,a good g5]al rule to rememb] :5 jo9+ two pieces ( mat]ial is ?is--t x is always ! ?9n] ( ! two t is to be pa/$ or glu$4 ,?is mu/ be borne 9 m9d :5 us+ ! second me?od ( jo9+ c>dbo>d or pap] edges4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c;a ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c;b 7#b7 ,us+ pap] h+es4 ,! h+e %\ld ext5d ! :ole l5g? ( ! edges t come toge!r1 z 9 ,fig4 #b1 :]e pieces ( c>dbo>d ,a & ,b are jo9$ by ! h+e a b c d e f4 ,be=e pa/+ ! h+e mu/ be fold$ along b e1 c>e be+ tak5 t b e is at "r angles to a c & d f4 ,! sides1 bottom1 & ro( ( ! ,noah's ,ark are jo9$ toge!r by pap] h+es 7,*apt] ,x74 7#c7 ,:]ev] x is necess>y to jo9 curv$ edges1 ! flange mu/ be cut z 9 ,fig4 #c;a1 flange a b c d4 ,fig4 #c;b %[s pap] curv$ & flanges b5t d[n ready = pa/+4 ,?is is ! me?od us$ = fa/5+ on pap] funnels1 ! bottom ( ! pap] mug 7,fig4 #eg1 ,*apt] ,,iv71 etc4 ,! ,mak+ & ,fix+ ( ,:eels4 ,if x is desir$ to atta* movable :eels to any ( ! toys describ$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s 79 ! e>ly *apt]s = great] simplicity ! :eels are gumm$ to sides ( c>ts1 or to mat*es1 etc471 ! foll[+ me?ods are sugge/$4 7#a7 ,! :eels c be rigidly fix$ to ! axle--t is1 a mat* end is pu%$ tight into ! c>dbo>d :eel & ! axle is free to turn 9 loose be>+s1 z 9 ,fig4 #d1 fix$ "u ! c>t or o!r vehicle or to ! sides4 ,^! be>+s c be cut f c>dbo>d or c>tridge pap]4 ,9 ,fig4 #d ! pap] is b5t at a "r angle along ! dott$ l9e1 & ! rectangul> portion is gumm$ "u ! c>t4 ,if ! rectangul> portion is gumm$ to ! side ( ! c>t no b5d is ne$$4 ,! p>ts ( ! mat* /icks t pass ?r\gh ! holes mu/ be r\nd$ ) s&-pap] s t !y w turn easily 9 ! holes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d 7#b7 ,! axle c be glu$ to ! bottom ( ! c>t & ! :eels left free to revolve4 ,! :eels are kept 9 _! places by ! foll[+ plan4 ,cut "s small c>dbo>d wa%]s1 seccot9e "o ne> ea* end ( ! axle z 9 ,fig4 #e;a1 tak+ c>e t !y d n come "u ! c>t4 ,slip on ! :eels1 tak+ c>e t ! c5tre hole is pun*$ l>ge en\gh to all[ ! :eel to revolve freely4 ,?is w be ! case if a /eel meat skew] 7size ab\t #g in*es long7 has be5 us$ to make ! holes4 ,fix wa%]s outside ! :eels to keep !m on1 z 9 ,fig4 #e;b4 ,^! wa%]s keep ! :eels f sagg+4 ,^! :eels w revolve if ! mat* /ick has be5 r\nd$ ) s&-pap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e;a ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e;b ,) reg>d to ! arrangem5t ( ! toys 9 ?is book1 r\ghly !y are describ$ 9 ord] ( difficulty1 b = conv5i5ce sometimes ?is ord] has be5 dep>t$ f4 ,= example1 mat*-box toys h be5 gr\p$ toge!r1 cork animals1 etc4 ,! tea*] mu/ select h] own models f diff]5t p>ts ( ! book & use !m 9 accordance ) h] *ildr5's ability & h] own ta/e4 ,ano!r important pr9ciple to foll[ is ?is4 ,! tea*] %\ld give z few directions z possible1 be z sil5t z x is possible = a tea*] to be4 ,! *ild has an excell5t opportunity 9 ^! classes ( le>n+ f 8 own mi/akes4 ,?is opportunity mu/ n be tak5 f him2 he mu/ be giv5 ! *ance ( f9d+ out 8 own mi/akes4 ,moreov]1 e difficulty %\ld n be anticipat$ = ! *ild2 nor %\ld too _m w>n+s be giv54 ,let ! *ildr5 set to "w z soon z possible & use _! tools )\t too _m in/ructions ab\t !m4 ,let !m ask1 let !m h ! pleasure ( discov]+2 e *ild wants to le>n1 b n e *ild wants to be taught4 ,all models %\ld be made z l>ge z is reasonably possible2 ?is %\ld be insi/$ on f ! beg9n+4 ,la/ly1 great accuracy 7?\gh mu* to be desir$7 mu/ n be expect$ f ! *ild2 c>eful "w mu/ be insi/$ on1 b "o mu/ le>n to recognise ! c>eful "w ( a *ild 7:i* is s diff]5t f t ( ! gr[n-up p]son7 & n he$lessly blame him or h] = n rea*+ p]fection4 ,accuracy is s (t5 ! outcome ( 'lack ( vision4' ,! *ild s (t5 has t 'vision1' t imag9ative outlook on life t floods ! m9d ) ideas1 b lacks accurate p[] ( expression1 :ile ! gr[n-up p]son has ! accurate p[] ( expression1 b has lo/ ! fre% imag9ation ( y\? & all its ideals4 ,we mu/ see to x t we d n dim our *ildr5's vision4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,pap] ,,"w ,,= ,,infants ,mat]ials4 ,:ite pap] ( any k9d t is n too ?ick & b5ds easily1 e4g4 c>tridge pap]1 pla9 :ite foolscap1 pages f ex]cise books4 ,pieces ( col\r$ pap] are introduc$ into "s ( ! toys4 ,x is bett]1 h[ev]1 to enc\rage ! *ildr5 to col\r ! :ite pap] ) *alks4 ,"o mu/ rememb]1 h[ev]1 *ildr5's delight 9 col\r$ pap] & let !m h x sometimes4 ,a wall-pap] sample book w provide col\r$ pap]1 & gumm$ col\r$ squ>es are suppli$ to mo/ s*ools4 ,^! gumm$ squ>es are really too ?9 = effective toy-mak+1 & !re is ! temptation to ! *ild to lick !m :5 mak+ models f !m4 ,adhesives4 ,9 _m cases ! toys c be fa/5$ toge!r by means ( pap]-fa/5]s4 ,:]e ?is is n possible ! foll[+ adhesives are recomm5d$4 7#a7 ,gloy--?is is clean & fa/5s ! pap] fairly securely4 7#b7 ,higg9s' ,vegetable ,glue4 ,?is has "o great advantage ov] ,gloy3 x _c be spilt4 ,a little ( x c be put on a piece ( pap] = ea* *ild2 ?is is a great conv5i5ce 9 a l>ge class4 7#c7 ,home-made pa/e ( fl\r & wat]2 ?is is v clean & :olesome4 ,,pap] ,,toys ,,f ,,! ,,squ>e ,! foll[+ toys %\ld be made z l>ge z possible1 nev] f a squ>e ( less ?an #d in*es ea* side4 ,! l>g] ! toy ! ?ick] ! pap] t c be us$ & ! /rong] x is4 ,9 ! foll[+ diagrams1 l9es to be cut are drawn1 l9es to be fold$ are dott$1 p>ts to be cut (f are %ad$4 ,z soon z possible ! *ild %\ld be %[n h[ to make a l>ge br[n pap] envelope to keep 8 "w 94 ,model #a4 ,! ,rabbit ,hut*4 ,fold pap] into #af squ>es z 9 ,fig4 #f4 ,cut l9es indicat$4 ,draw b>s 9 squ>e ,a1 or fold along ,t ,s 7,fig4 #g7 & cut out ! b>s2 ! door is drawn & cut 9 squ>e ,b4 ,col\r ! :ole yell[ or br[n to repres5t wood4 ,gum ,l ov] ,m2 ,n ov] ,m2 ,o ov] ,n4 ,! same on ! o!r side4 ,a small pap]-fa/5] makes a good h&le4 ,rabbits & c>rots c be cut out ( pap] to furni% ! hut* 7,fig4 #g74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f ,f a simil> squ>e fold$ into sixte5 squ>es a ,railway ,c>riage c be made4 ,9 ?is case ! door is cut 9 ! middle ( ,c ,d 7,fig4 #h74 ,w9d[s & panels are drawn on ! pap]4 ,a roll ( pap] is put on top = ! light1 or a small piece ( cork c be us$4 ,! :eels are drawn by means ( halfp5nies1 !n fold$ 9 half2 "o half is pa/$ "u ! c>riage1 ! o!r appe>s z 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,?ree or f\r c>riages c be made & fa/5$ by /rips ( pap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g ,*ildr5 delight 9 *alk+ ! bl9ds ( _! c>riages 9 v>i\s col\rs & labell+ !m #a/1 #bnd1 or #crd ,class4 ,! top ( ! c>riage %\ld be d>k5$ ) p5cil or *alk1 or a piece ( black pap] pa/$ ov] x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h ,a ,luggage ,van or ,cattle ,truck 7,fig4 #i7 c be made f a squ>e ( ! same size by cutt+ (f oblong ,e ,f 7,fig4 #f7 & gumm+ ,l ov] ,n & ,m ov] ,l4 ,! ,basket 7,fig4 #aj7 is a simple model4 ,"o qu>t] ( ! squ>e is cut (f to =m a h&le4 ,cut rema9+ portion z 9 ,fig4 #aa1 d\ble ov] corn]s a1 b1 c1 d1 pa/e corn] d ov] ,d1 c ov] ,c1 b ov] ,b1 a ov] ,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj ,! basket %\ld be col\r$ ) yell[ *alk to repres5t /raw2 ! h&le is fa/5$ on ) pap]-fa/5]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa ,pap] fruit1 apples & oranges1 c be cut out to g 9 ! basket4 ,a ,w>drobe4 ,fold squ>e into sixte5 p>ts & cut z 9 ,fig4 #ab4 ,gum ,a ov] ,c & ,b ov] ,a4 ,repeat ) ,d ,e ,f4 ,gum a piece ( silv] pap] on ! door = a mirror2 squ>e ,h1 ) its corn]s cut (f1 =ms ornam5t on top 7,fig4 #ac74 ,a mat* is gumm$ inside1 on :i* clo!s are hung4 ,! *ildr5 c ei!r draw ^! & cut !m out1 or cut !m out f old fa%ion plates4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad ,an ,oak ,*e/4 ,make exactly z = w>drobe1 b /& on ! long side4 ,draw panels & col\r light br[n 7,fig4 #ad74 ,by cutt+ (f ! lid & mak+ a h&le f x a basket c be made4 ,! *ildr5 !mselves may be able to sugge/ "s ( ^! articles & %\ld be enc\rag$ to4 ,a ,s$an ,*air c be made 9 ! same way z ! w>drobe 7see ,fig4 #ab74 ,loops ( pap] are gumm$ on at ,a & ,b 7,fig4 #ae71 ?r\gh :i* ! %afts pass2 a w9d[ c be cut by fold+ ! door ,c ,d ,g ,h 9 half along ,k ,l4 ,a piece ( col\r$ pap] c be gumm$ inside ! w9d[ = a bl9d2 "s sort ( ornam5t c be gumm$ at ! top along ,c ,d & ,e ,f4 ,panels1 etc41 c be drawn4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae ,a ,m>ket ,basket 7,fig4 #af74 ,fold squ>e z = w>drobe 7,fig4 #ab71 cut (f ! qu>t] ,k ,l ,m ,h4 ,gum ,a to ,b & ,c to ,a--! same ) ,d ,e ,f4 ,to make lids1 halve ! qu>t] ,k ,l ,m ,h4 ,gum ,k to ,a 7outside7 & ,l =ms "o lid2 gum ,h to ,d & ,m =ms ! o!r lid4 ,pap]-fa/5]s may be put 9 ea* lid = h&les4 ,! h&le ( basket mu/ be made f ano!r /rip ( pap]4 ,! basket %\ld be suitably col\r$ be=e be+ gumm$ toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af ,a ,cradle 7,fig4 #ag74 ,beg9 ) a squ>e 7ea* side f\r times ! diamet] ( a p5ny74 ,fold & gum toge!r z = basket4 ,cut two r\nd discs ( /iff pap] ! size ( a p5ny4 ,fold ^! 9 half4 ,gum "o half ( ea* disc on to bottom ( cradle2 ! o!r half =ms ! rock]4 ,^! halves mu/ be made less r\nd by be+ cut z 9 ,fig4 #ah1 s t ! cradle w rock4 ,by means ( ! p5ny portions ,a & ,b c be cut to =m top & bottom ( cradle1 a /rip ( pap] ,c ,d ,e c be gumm$ across "o end 7r\nd ,a7 to =m a hood 7,fig4 #ag74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj ,a ,settee4 ,fold a squ>e z = w>drobe 7,fig4 #ab71 cut (f "o qu>t]1 ,k ,l ,m ,h4 ,gum ,a to ,b1 ,d to ,e = arms4 ,cut arms z 9 ,fig4 #bj4 ,= back legs ( settee use portion ,k ,l ,m ,h2 gum ,k to ,f & ,h to ,c 7,fig4 #ai74 ,to /r5g!n ! settee gum a piece ( pap] ov] ,n ,o & ,m ,l4 ,col\r$ pap] c be pa/$ on back1 sides & seat z %[n 9 draw+4 ,! legs may ei!r be cut out or simply drawn on ! pap] z 9 illu/ration 7,fig4 #bj74 ,! settee w prove a really /rong piece ( doll's furniture4 ,! *ildr5 %\ld be all[$ to furni% a doll's h\se ) ! v>i\s articles describ$ 9 ?is book4 ,:5 !y h _h "s practice 9 mak+ !m ea* *ild c be all[$ to make "o piece ( furniture = a s*ool doll's h\se4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb ,table4 ,top ( table is a squ>e ( :ite c>tridge pap]4 ,make ! legs f a d\ble squ>e1 ea* squ>e ! same size z top ( table4 ,fold & cut ! d\ble squ>e z 9 ,fig4 #ba4 ,b5d flaps ,a ,b ,c ,d c>efully along a b4 ,gum ,a to ,b1 ,c to ,b1 ,d to ,a to =m legs4 ,gum squ>e top on to ,a ,b ,c ,d4 ,a squ>e ( col\r$ pap] c be gumm$ on to top ( table z 9 draw+ 7,fig4 #bb74 ,leg ,e c be gumm$ to ,f by means ( a pap] h+e1 or a flange may be provid$1 z 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd ,to make a ,*air to g ) ! table4 ,take a d\ble squ>e ! same size z t us$ = legs ( table4 ,fold into eight z 9 ,fig4 #bd4 ,cut 9 half along a b4 ,squ>es ,a1 ,b1 ,c =m front legs1 seat & back ( *air respectively4 ,squ>e ,f is gumm$ to ,b1 s t ,e =ms back legs4 ,! *air mu/ be /r5g!n$ by gumm+ ,h to ,c & ,g to ,e4 ,col\r$ squ>es c be gumm$ to seat & back2 ! re/ ( ! *air c be *alk$ to repres5t wood 7,fig4 #bc74 ,a d9+-room suite may be made 9 ?is way4 ,side-bo>d4 ,beg9 ) two equal squ>es4 ,cut & fa/5 "o squ>e toge!r z = rabbit hut* 7,fig4 #f71 b cut two doors4 ,"o qu>t] ( ! second squ>e mu/ be cut & gumm$ on to back to =m a mirror$ top 7,fig4 #be74 ,a piece ( silv] pap] may be gumm$ on to back = a mirror4 ,f ! re/ ( ! second squ>e plates & di%es c be cut & col\r$ to g on top & inside sidebo>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg ,an ,arm-*air4 ,beg9 ) squ>e fold$ into sixte5 p>ts 7,fig4 #bf71 cut (f "o qu>t] ,d ,h ,n ,s1 aga9 cut (f "o qu>t] ,o ,p ,r4 ,cut rema9+ squ>e z 9 diagram4 ,gum ,e to ,a & ,g to ,c4 ,cut ^! squ>es to =m arms4 ,gum ,o to ,k & ,r to ,m to =m back legs & sides4 ,to /r5g!n *air cut (f ,n f ,d ,h4 ,gum ,h to ,p & ,d to ,b4 ,! corn]s ( ,b are r\nd$4 ,col\r$ pap] c be pa/$ ov] ! arms & 9 ! middle ( back1 seat & sides 7,fig4 #bg74 ,legs c be *alk$ on ,p1 ,l1 ,k & ,m1 or cut out z %[n 9 ! figure4 ,if pref]r$ ! arms are n fold$ ov] b cut r\nd4 ,?is arm-*air is a /rong "o & w hold a heavy doll4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi ,a ,b$4 ,fold a d\ble squ>e z 9 ,fig4 #bh4 ,cut portions indicat$4 ,gum ,a ,b ,c ,d to ,e ,f ,g ,h1 ! same ! o!r side4 ,b5d up ,m & ,n to =m head & foot ( b$4 ,^! c be cut any %ape1 or simply be col\r$ to repres5t beams4 ,legs c be drawn on or cut out ( sides ,f ,h ,k ,l & ,b ,o ,d ,p 7,fig4 #bi74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb ,a ,coal ,scuttle4 ,beg9 ) a #d-;in* squ>e1 fold into sixte5 p>ts1 cut (f a qu>t]1 cut (f a qu>t] aga92 cut rema9+ portion z 9 ,fig4 #cj4 ,gum ,a ov] ,b1 ,c ov] ,b4 ,= ! /& take ! smalle/ qu>t] 7,fig4 #cb71 fold & cut z 9 diagram4 ,gum ,a to bottom ( coal scuttle1 ,b & ,c =m ! supports2 a h&le c be cut & gumm$ on z 9 ,fig4 #ca4 ,! *ildr5 c cut a %ovel out ( pap] to slip 9 a little pap] b& at ! back 7,fig4 #ca74 ,! coal scuttle %\ld be col\r$ black1 ) yell[ to repres5t brass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd ,a ,draw+-room ,cab9et4 ,fold & cut squ>e z 9 ,fig4 #cc4 ,gum ,b ov] ,a1 ,c ov] ,d4 ,b5d ,e & ,k d[n & cut corn]s (f to =m %elves z 9 ,fig4 #cd4 ,g ,h c be cut r\nd1 or 9 any way to make suitable top = cab9et4 ,silv] pap] c be pa/$ on :]e desir$ = mirrors1 doors cut or drawn1 etc4 ,f ,fig4 #cc ! *ildr5 w be able to make a numb] ( simple & effective articles ( doll's furniture--namely1 doll's dress]1 oak settee = hall1 dress+-table1 wa%-/&1 writ+-case4 ,^! ! *ildr5 mu/ be all[$ to sugge/ & ?9k out !mselves4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce ,a ,%op or ,/all4 ,?is w hold toge!r )\t ! use ( gum4 ,fold & cut z 9 ,fig4 #ce4 ,fold toge!r s t squ>e ,e ,n ,g ,m cov]s squ>e ,g ,m ,k ,t2 ! same ! o!r side4 ,b5d back ,c ,s ,g ,q along ,s ,q to =m side 7,fig4 #cf72 ! same ! o!r side4 ,fold ,b ,f ,d ,h along ,f ,h = ro(1 fold ,b ,v ,d ,w d[n z 9 ,fig4 #cf2 ?is portion %\ld h "n ( %op writt5 on x4 ,fold ,a ,b ,f ,c along ,r ,s1 s t ,a ,c co9cides ) ,b ,f4 ,fold d[n ,r ,b ,x ,v s t top ( ,c ,s ,g ,q lies betwe5 ,r ,b ,x ,v & ,a ,r ,x ,z2 ! same ! o!r side2 ?is fold+ keeps ! %op toge!r4 ,gum c be us$ if great] /r5g? is desir$4 ,f pap] ! *ildr5 c cut mat]ials to furni% _! /all4 ,f a simil> squ>e a piano c be made z 9 ,fig4 #cg4 ,a piece ( pap] mu/ be gumm$ to ,v ,b ,w ,d to close up ! holl[2 ! sides ,s ,c ,g ,q mu/ n be b5t back b cut z 9 ,fig4 #cg to repres5t ! sides ( a piano4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch ,"s ,simple ,t5ts4 ,a good imitation ( an ,a t5t c be made by little ones f a squ>e4 ,sev]al ( ^! make an excell5t encampm5t = toy soldi]s4 ,fold & cut squ>e z 9 ,fig4 #ch4 ,to fa/5 x toge!r pa/e squ>e #a to squ>e #b2 ?is =ms ! back ( ! t5t2 edges ,p ,o1 ,k ,l1 etc41 re/ along ! gr\nd4 ,corn]s ,l & ,m mu/ be b5t back to =m ! entrance4 ,pieces ( cotton are fa/5$ along ,f ,m & ,f ,l = /raps = lac+ up ! entrance 7see ,fig4 #ci74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj ,fig4 #dj %[s a draw+ ( a real ,a t5t spread out flat ^u ! gr\nd4 ,x is made ( /rips ( canvas1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab sewn toge!r4 ,*ildr5 c imitate ?is 9 pap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da ,a ,triangul> ,t5t4 ,?is is v simple4 ,fold & cut z 9 ,fig4 #da4 ,pa/e ,a ,e ,b ov] ,e ,b ,d4 ,cut door at ,f4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,m ,,pap] ,,toys ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc ,a ,bridge 7,fig4 #db74 ,beg9 ) squ>e 7#h in*es ea* side71 fold 9 f\r & cut (f "o piece4 ,fold aga9 9 f\r1 folds runn+ 9 opposite directions to fir/ folds1 & cut (f "o piece4 ,a squ>e1 ,a ,b ,c ,d1 rema9s1 divid$ into n9e squ>es 7,fig4 #dc74 ,fold ,a ,g & ,f ,c 9 halves1 cut (f %ad$ portions4 ,jo9 ,l ,e1 ,f ,n1 ,m ,g& ,h ,o1 & cut (f %ad$ portions4 ,cut along ,l ,r1 ,n ,s1 ,m ,p & ,o ,q2 b5d z 9 ,fig4 #db4 ,mat*es c be gumm$ on ! slopes ( ! bridge4 ,if a piece ( :ite c>dbo>d or pap] is plac$ und]nea? a riv] c be m>k$ on x & pap] boats made4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de ,! *ildr5 c make a v pretty sc5e f ?is4 ,trees c be col\r$ & cut out ( pap] & gumm$ upright by means ( a little flap ( pap] left at ! end ( ! trunk ( ! tree4 ,! h\se c be cut out ( a piece ( fold$ pap] 7,fig4 #dd7 s t x w /&2 animals c be cut 9 a simil> way 7,fig4 #de74 ,boats are made ( pla/ic9e1 ) pap] sails /uck 9 x4 ,*ildr5 c add o!r animals & ?9k ( o!r additions to ! sc5e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh ,a ,punt 7,fig4 #df74 ,beg9 ) a squ>e1 fold into sixte5 p>ts1 cut (f a qu>t]4 ,fold 9 half oblongs ,a ,b & ,c ,d 7,fig4 #dg74 ,cut (f ! %ad$ portions4 ,cut along ! l9es ,m ,e1 ,c ,n1 ,o ,b1 ,p ,g4 ,fold along ,m ,k1 ,f ,n1 ,o ,l & ,p ,h4 ,! *ild w accompli% ?is fold m easily if %e puts h] rul] along a l9e f ,k to ,m & folds ! pap] ov] x4 ,a col\r$ b& %\ld be *alk$ r\nd ! punt4 ,to fa/5 x toge!r gum ,k ,e ,m to ,m ,e ,c ,n1 ,c ,n ,f to ,m ,e ,c ,n & s on ! o!r side4 ,?ree seats are fa/5$ inside1 made f ! qu>t] cut (f ! orig9al squ>e4 ,! l5g? ( ! seat is equal to ! di/ance ,e ,c2 ! height ( ! seat to half ( ! di/ance ,k ,e 7,fig4 #dh74 ,! punt %\ld be made f a squ>e ( c>tridge pap]1 elev5 in*es ea* side4 ,x w be f\nd to float well on wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej ,a ,c&le/ick 7,fig4 #di74 ,beg9 ) two squ>es ( col\r$ pap] 7sides #d in*es72 "o =ms ! bottom ( ! c&le/ick2 half ! o!r =ms ! socket4 ,to make ! socket fold & cut z 9 ,fig4 #ej4 ,! o!r half divid$ l5g?ways =ms ! h&le4 ,! h&le & socket c be fa/5$ on ) pap]-fa/5]s or gumm$4 ,x looks neat] :5 gumm$4 ,a roll ( yell[ pap] or :ite pap] col\r$ =ms ! c&le2 into ?is roll "s cotton-wool is put & into ?is a piece ( r$ pap] = ! flame4 ,*ildr5 delight 9 mak+ c&le/icks ( diff]5t col\rs & decorat+ _! =m rooms ) !m4 ,! c&le/ick c be /r5g!n$ by be+ gumm$ on to a piece ( c>dbo>d 7a po/-c>d w d74 ,a r\nd c&le/ick c be made 9 a simil> way4 ,to make ! socket1 fold ! oblong 7,fig4 #ej7 into f\r p>ts1 leav+ a piece1 ,e1 ov]2 gum ,e to ,a4 ,a ,lant]n4 ,beg9 ) an oblong #h in*es by #e-a_/b in*es1 ,a ,b ,c ,d 7,fig4 #ea74 ,fold along ,e ,t ,k & ,g ,h to get flanges4 ,fold ,c ,a ,b ,d into half to obta9 ! l9e ,l ,m1 & fold ,a ,l ,m ,b into f\r p>ts to obta9 ! l9e ,l ,m4 ,fold ,a ,h ,c ,g into f\r p>ts along ,q ,p1 ,o ,n & ,s ,r4 ,draw ! top ( ! lant]n 9 ,a ,h ,l ,m1 z 9 ,fig4 #ea1 & cut (f ! %ad$ portion4 ,draw or cut w9d[s 9 ! sides ( ! lant]n4 ,cut ! flange abc z 9 ! diagram4 ,make ! c&le & ! c&le/ick to fit into ! lant]n z 9 ,fig4 #di4 7,note ! l5g? ( ! edge ( ! c&le/ick is ! wid? ( ! lant]n ,e ,t47 ,b5d ! flanges a1 b1 c at "r angles to ! sides & gum ! c&le/ick to ^!4 ,flange d c be gumm$ to ! edge ,l ,e1 & a door cut 9 "o ( ! sides1 or flange d c be cut (f & !n side l =ms ! door4 ,make holes 9 ! tops ( ! lant]n & tie toge!r ) ?read1 z 9 ,fig4 #eb1 or ! flanges c be left r\nd ! triangul> tops & !y c be gumm$ toge!r4 ,fig4 #eb %[s ! f9i%$ model4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb ,col\r+ ! ,lant]n4 ,! lant]n c be made ( black pap] 7l9es mu/ be drawn on ! :ite side71 or :ite pap] *alk$1 or pa9t$ black or yell[1 etc41 accord+ to ta/e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec ,a ,well & ,bucket4 ,! well is made f an oblong ab\t #b-a_/b in*es by #aj in*es4 ,fold d[n "o side ( ! oblong1 ab\t #a_/b in*2 make cuts along ?is fold z 9 ,fig4 #ed4 ,:5 ! pap] is b5t r\nd to =m ! well1 ^! cut pieces =m ! edge ( ! well 7,fig4 #ec74 ,a ,b is a piece ( c>dbo>d or /iff pap] b5t1 z %[n 9 ! diagram1 & gumm$ to ! sides ( ! well4 ,two holes mu/ fir/ be made 9 ,a & ,b4 ,!n ?r\gh ^! holes a piece ( cane ,c is pass$4 ,d & ,e are pieces ( c>dbo>d ( equal size2 holes are made 9 ea* end & ! /rips are glu$ to ea* end ( ! piece ( cane4 ,into ! o!r holes are glu$ two small] pieces ( cane or two mat*es1 ,f & ,g1 = h&les4 ,! well %\ld be col\r$ r$ be=e be+ fa/5$ toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef ,! bucket 7,fig4 #ee7 is made f a small oblong4 ,fold & cut (f ! %ad$ p>ts z 9 ,fig4 #ef4 ,:5 ! bucket is fa/5$ toge!r /& on a piece ( pap] & draw r\nd x to get ! measurem5t = a circul> disc = ! bottom4 ,cut ?is out & gum x to ! b5t edges #a1 #b1 #c1 #d4 ,a h&le c be made ( /r+ or pap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eg ,a ,mug 7,fig4 #eg74 ,?is is made l ! bucket4 ,! h&le is made ( a /rip ( pap] fa/5$ to ! mug by pap]-clips4 ,a b& ( col\r$ pap] is gumm$ r\nd ! mug2 ! h&le c be made ( ! same col\r$ pap] z ! b&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eh ,motor-c>4 ,beg9 ) a squ>e 7#h-;in* side74 ,halve x4 ,fold ea* half into ?irty-two p>ts4 ,cut "o half z 9 diagram #eh4 ,gum ,a to ,b & ,d to ,c1 ,e to ,f & ,h to ,h4 ,?is =ms ! body ( ! c>4 ,! doors mu/ be cut 9 squ>es ,k1 ,m1 ,l1 ,n4 ,f ! second half 7fold$ into ?irty-two7 pieces c be cut to cov] exactly ! front ( ! c>1 & to =m seats ,o & ,r & backs & sides1 ,s ,t4 ,see ,fig4 #ei4 ,! :eels are drawn on /iff pap] or c>dbo>d by means ( halfp5nies1 cut out & gumm$ on to ! sides4 ,! *ildr5 ( six :o made ?is c> enjoy$ add+1 accord+ to _! own ideas1 /eps1 /e]+-:eel1 & o!r details4 ,! c> looks m attractive if col\r$ & if ! seats are cov]$ ) r$ pap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ei ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fj ,f a simil> squ>e 7#h-;in* side71 divid$ into two 7ea* half divid$ into ?irty-two p>ts71 a ,book-case c be made 7see ,fig4 #fj74 ,"o half gumm$ toge!r z = ! motor =ms ! case2 ! o!r half =ms ! %elves & ! ornam5t on top4 ,a door c easily be add$1 or two doors1 "o on ea* side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa ,a ,wigwam4 ,beg9 ) half a squ>e 7,fig4 #fa74 ,fold into ?irty-two p>ts4 ,draw a curv$ l9e f ,a ?r\gh ,b & ,c to ,d1 & f ,a ?r\gh ,e & ,f to ,g4 ,cut along ^! l9es4 ,jo9 ,k ) ,h by a curv$ l9e & ,h ) ,l4 ,cut along ?is l9e4 ,gum ,l ,n to ,k ,m4 ,fold back ! corn]s ,g & ,d = ! door4 ,/rips ( pap] c be cut out & gumm$ inside ! wigwam = poles4 ,designs c be drawn on wigwam z 9 ,fig4 #fb4 ,m>ks f ,k to ,k %[ :]e x is lac$ up4 ,! wigwam %\ld be col\r$ br[n1 ! circles on x r$ & :ite or yell[4 ,?is model w be f\nd useful :5 illu/rat+ sc5es f ,hiawa?a4 ,o!r simple models to g ) ?is are--a b[1 arr[s1 quiv]1 canoe4 ,! b[ c be made f a piece ( cane1 ! arr[s cut out ( pap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fd ,a ,quiv]4 ,fold squ>e into sixte5 p>ts 7,fig4 #fc74 ,jo9 ,a to ,c1 ,c to ,d1 ,d to ,b by curv$ l9e2 cut along x4 ,jo9 ,e ) ,g & b5d along x2 ,g ) ,f & b5d along x4 ,gum ,b ,h ,g to ,a ,k ,g4 ,fa/5 a piece ( /r+ z 9 ! draw+ 7,fig4 #fd74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fe ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ff ,= ,canoe beg9 ) an oblong #f-a_/b in*es long 7,fig4 #fe72 wid?1 twice ! diamet] ( a p5ny4 ,fold 9 half along ,g ,h4 ,make half circles ,a ,b ,c & ,f ,e ,d1 at ea* end1 by means ( p5ny4 ,cut ar\nd ,a ,b ,c & ,d ,e ,f4 ,fold 9 half along ,b ,e4 ,jo9 ,a by means ( curv$ l9e ) ,b ,e1 & ,f ) ,b ,e4 ,cut along ,a ,h ,k ,f4 ,gum ! canoe toge!r at ,a ,b ,c & ,f ,e ,d4 ,cut out ?ree seats to g 9 ! middle2 make draw+s on ! canoe4 ,paddles mu/ be cut to g ) canoe 7,fig4 #ff74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fg ,an ,indian ,cradle c be made 9 ! same way z ! quiv]1 b ) ! po9t ,g cut (f z 9 ,fig4 #fg1 & m>k+s put on ! front to look z ?\gh ! cradle 7 lac$ up4 ,/r+ is atta*$ = hang+ ! cradle to ! "m's back or to a tree4 ,canoe1 quiv] & cradle look effective cut out ( br[n pap] & *alk$ ) yell[ or r$ *alks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fi ,a ,clock ,t[] 7,fig4 #fi74 ,beg9 ) an oblong #aj in*es by #f in*es4 ,fold 9 eight p>ts1 & cut (f ?ree4 ,fold ! rema9+ portion ,a ,b ,c ,d 9 half along ,e ,f2 fold ,a ,f 9 half along ,g ,h4 ,fold along z 9 ,fig4 #fh4 ,draw clock faces 9 squ>es #a1 #b1 #c & #d1 a patt]n ( "s k9d 9 triangles #e & #f1 & m>k bricks on ! sides #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj2 side #g is gumm$ ov] #aa1 :i*1 !re=e1 is n se5 7,fig4 #fi74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ga ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gb ,to fa/5 ,t[] toge!r4 ,fold ! sides #h & #aj at "r angles to #i2 b5d ,j =w>d & gum to x bo? ,k & ,l 7,fig4 #gj71 & cut (f ! "p ( ,j t projects beyond ,k & ,l4 ,n[ gum ! side #g to #aa1 b5d ,o t[>d ,j2 gum ,n to ,o & ,m to ,o & cut (f ! portion ( ,o t projects beyond ,m & ,n4 ,a piece ( pap]1 pa9t$ to repres5t slates1 c be gumm$ ov] ! ro(1 s t x projects slightly1 z 9 ,fig4 #ga4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc ,a simpl] way ( fa/5+ ! t[] toge!r is to gum ,o to ,j1 ,m ,l & ,n ,k /&+ upright z 9 ,fig4 #gb4 ,a ,w9dmill c be made 9 ! same way4 ,! sails are made z describ$ 9 ! mat*-box w9dmill 7,fig4 #ig74 ,a ,ligh?\se 7,fig4 #gc74 ,take an oblong piece ( pap]1 ab\t #h-a_/b in*es by #f in*es4 ,fold d[n ea* %ort] edge = #a_/b in* & cut ! flanges z describ$ 9 ! case ( ! bucket 7,fig4 #ef74 ,b5d ! flanges inw>d1 curve ! pap] r\nd & gum toge!r to =m ! body ( ! ligh?\se4 ,cut two squ>es ( pap]1 "o small] ?an ! o!r1 gum ! small] "o ,a to ! flanges at ! top ( ! cyl9d]2 col\r ,b blue & gum x to ! flanges at ! bottom4 ,make a small lant]n1 z 9 ,fig4 #ea1 to fit ! top ( ! ligh?\se4 ,9 ?is case x is bett] to gum ! triangul> tops ( ! lant]n toge!r4 ,! door1 w9d[s & /aircase %\ld be drawn & ! ligh?\se col\r$ grey be=e fa/5+ ! cyl9d] toge!r4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,mat*-,,box ,,toys ,_m simple & effective toys c be made f mat*-boxes4 ,! great advantage ( ^! toys is t ! *ildr5 c readily supply ! mat]ials !mselves4 ,9 e case ! toys expla9$ "h h be5 made by "y *ildr51 ^: ages v>y f f\r to sev54 ,! mat]ials us$ are mat*-boxes1 mat*es1 pap] ( diff]5t k9ds1 :ite1 br[n1 col\r$1 & c>dbo>d1 :ile 9 "s toys corks & silv] pap] h be5 introduc$4 ,= /ick+ pap] on to ! boxes1 gloy or vegetable glue is suitable1 b :5 mat*es h to be fa/5$ into or on to ! boxes x is be/ to use liquid glue or seccot9e4 ,"s ( ! toys c be made m effective by col\r+ !m ) crayons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge ,a ,canoe4 ,to make ! canoe 7,fig4 #gd7 ! inside portion ( ! mat*-box is gumm$ to a piece ( /iff pap] or c>dbo>d po9t$ at ea* end4 ,/rips ( pap] gumm$ to ! sides ( ! box =m ! seats4 ,! paddle 7,fig4 #ge7 is made ( a mat*1 to ! ends ( :i* pap] discs are gumm$4 ,to get ^! circles ! *ildr5 c use f>?+s & draw r\nd !m4 ,! paddle & ! seats c be col\r$ ) br[n crayons4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gf ,a ,kayak4 ,= ! kayak 7,fig4 #gf7 a piece ( pap] is measur$ to fit ov] ! box2 x is d\bl$ 9 half & a small hole cut 9 x1 !n gumm$ to ! sides ( ! box4 ,a ,motor-c> 7,fig4 #gg74 ,! c> consi/s ( a mat*-box )\t ! cov]4 ,! seats are ( :ite pap]4 ,! foll[+ !m measure & cut a piece ( pap]1 ,a ,b ,c ,d1 t w j cov] ! box f side to side1 mak+ b5ds a c & b d :]e ! edges ( ! box come4 ,fold pap] into f\r z 9 ,fig4 #gh4 ,cut along e f1 & cut (f ! %ad$ portions & fold z 9 ,fig4 #gi4 ,gum ! p>ts ,g & ,m to ! side ( ! box4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gi ,:eels = all mat*-box toys are made f /iff pap] or c>dbo>d1 ! circle be+ drawn f a f>?+1 or1 :]e l>g] :eels are necess>y1 f a halfp5ny4 ,! spokes are drawn on ! :eels4 ,^! c ei!r be gumm$ to ! sides ( ! mat*-box1 or1 if holes are made 9 ! :eels1 !y c be fa/5$ to ea* end ( a mat*1 :i* is !n glu$ to ! bottom ( ! box4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ha ,a ,h\se or ,b>n4 ,f ! cov]s t are left1 aft] mak+ ! canoe & ! motor-c>1 a h\se or b>n c be made 7,fig4 #hj74 ,"o cov] is cut op5 & ! top b5t back z 9 ,fig4 #ha4 ,a portion ( ! second cov] is cut (f 7,fig4 #hb74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hb ,side ,a is !n gumm$ to ,b1 & ,c ,d is fa/5$ to ,e ,f by means ( a piece ( fold$ pap] cov]+ ! :ole ( ! ro(4 ,?is pap] is d\ble ! size ( ,c ,d ,h ,g 7,fig4 #hb71 is col\r$ grey or blue to repres5t slates1 & fold$ along ! middle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hc ,a ,s5try-box4 ,?is is an easy toy to make4 ,! *ildr5 w notice t "o end ( a mat*-box is d\ble--t is1 "o piece ( wood ov]laps ! o!r4 ,if !y unfa/5 ^! & b5d !m out !y =m ! ro( ( ! s5try box 7,fig4 #hc74 ,a piece ( pap] c be pa/$ beh9d to fill up ! holl[4 ,! toy looks m effective if cov]$ entirely ) br[n pap]4 ,a soldi] c be cut out ( pap]1 col\r$ & gumm$ to ! bottom ( ! box4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hd ,a ,ca/le4 ,a ca/le c be made f ! cov]4 ,a piece ( pap] is cut to fit r\nd x1 doors & w9d[s are m>k$ on x ) p5cil or crayon1 & "o edge is cut to repres5t battlem5ts 7,fig4 #hd74 ,! flag/aff is a mat* glu$ inside4 ,a l>g] ca/le c be made by fa/5+ two or m cov]s toge!r4 ,a ,jack-9-!-box4 ,^! toys are s simple t ! diagrams almo/ expla9 !mselves4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,jack-9-!-box ! *ildr5 l to decorate ! half-op5$ mat*-box ) col\r$ pap]4 ,! little figure is made ( bits ( wool1 a piece ( cotton is ti$ r\nd ! neck & put ?r\gh a hole 9 ! top1 a mat* is ti$ to ! cotton to prev5t x slipp+ back2 ano!r piece ( cotton ti$ to ! wai/ ( ! doll pulls x d[n 7,fig4 #he74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #he ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hf ,a ,belfry4 ,9 ! belfry ! back ( ! box at ,a has be5 cut out1 ! bell is made ( pap] or c>dbo>d1 cov]$ ) silv] pap] 7,fig4 #hf74 ,a mat* /ick is pass$ ?r\gh a hole 9 ! bell1 & gumm$ to ea* side ( ! box4 ,ano!r mat* is gumm$ to ! bell1 & a piece ( cotton atta*$ = r++4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hg ,a ,van 7,fig4 #hg74 ,! van is made f ! inside ( a mat*-box2 ! cov] is ( br[n pap] gumm$ inside ! sides ( ! box4 ,! seat is also ( br[n pap]1 :ile "o end is b5t back = ! flap ( ! waggon4 ,! %afts are made ( mat*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hh ,a ,milk-c>t 7,fig4 #hh74 ,! c is a cork cov]$ ) silv] pap]1 :i* is us$ to cov] *ocolates1 etc4 ,! pap] c be screw$ into a little knob at ! top4 ,9 ,fig4 #hh ! :eels are ! same size4 ,two are fa/5$ to a mat* = ! axle1 :i* is !n glu$ und]nea? ! box2 ! ?ird :eel is glu$ betwe5 two mat*es1 :i* are fa/5$ und]nea? ! box4 ,9 ,fig4 #hi ! side :eels are l>g] & a c>dbo>d set ( %afts is made = ! small front :eel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hi ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ij ,fig4 #ij %[s ! %ape ( ^! %afts4 ,! %ad$ portion is b5t at "r angles to ! %aft & glu$ "u ! box4 ,! small :eel c be gumm$ betwe5 ^! %afts1 or1 if ! %afts are fa/5$ on ) a space betwe5 !m1 & holes made 9 ea* end1 a piece ( mat* /ick1 on :i* ! small :eel is m\nt$1 c be pass$ ?r\gh ! holes4 ,a mat* is glu$ across ! back ( ! box 7,fig4 #hh7 to =m ! b> by means ( :i* ! c>t is pu%$ along4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ia ,a ,field ,gun4 ,fig4 #ia %[s h[ ! mat*-box is cut4 ,! gun is made f a roll ( br[n pap]4 ,a piece #d or #e in*es squ>e is l>ge en\gh4 ,yell[ b&s c be *alk$ r\nd ! cannon4 ,! :eels are made ( circul> discs1 ! size ( a p5ny4 ,%ots c be made f silv] pap]1 or f pla/ic9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ib ,a ,field ,gun & ,limb]4 ,! gun 9 ,fig4 #ib is m\nt$ some:at diff]5tly4 ,a is "o-?ird ( a mat*-box cov]1 ) "o n>r[ side cut away1 cov]$ ) d>k grey pap]2 two holes are made 9 x opposite ea* o!r2 ! gun has a mat* or piece ( cane pass$ ?r\gh x1 & ! ends ( ! mat* or cane pass ?r\gh ! holes 9 ,a4 ,b is a piece ( c>dbo>d or /iff pap] %ap$ z 9 diagram3 ! %ad$ portion is gumm$ und]nea? ,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ic ,! ,limb] 7,fig4 #ic74 ,?is is made f a mat*-box 7,c71 cov]$ ) d>k grey pap] & fitt$ ) a c>dbo>d cov] ,e1 simil>ly col\r$4 ,mat* /icks1 col\r$ black1 =m ! %ots4 ,! h&le consi/s ( two mat* /icks1 or two /rips ( c>dbo>d1 glu$ toge!r4 ,! :eels mu/ be ! same size z ^? = ! gun4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #id ,a ,port]'s ,truck4 ,?is is made f a box ( :i* ?ree sides h be5 cut away 7,fig4 #id74 ,x c be cov]$ ) br[n pap]1 & mat*es c be glu$ across x4 ,! h&les are ( mat*es1 ! legs ( /iff pap] fa/5$ to ! bottom4 ,! *ildr5 c make little pap] p>cels & boxes to put on ! truck4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ie ,a ,sweep's ,b>r[4 ,! figure 7#ie7 %[s h[ ! mat*-box is us$4 ,a bundle ( mat*es ti$ toge!r repres5ts "p ( ! sweep's outfit4 ,! broom is made f a roll ( pap]1 ! ends ( :i* h be5 cut into a fr+e4 ,! broom & mat*es c be d>k5$ ) crayons or ink4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #if ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ig ,a ,w9dmill 7,fig4 #if74 ,prep>e ! inside ( a mat*-box z describ$ 9 ! case ( ! s5try-box1 & place x inside its cov]1 secur+ x ) a little gum4 ,pa/e a piece ( pap] 9 front to hide ! holl[4 ,! sails ( ! w9dmill are made ( br[n pap]1 cut z 9 ,fig4 #ig1 & gumm$ to /rips ( c>dbo>d :i* =m ! framework ( ! sails4 ,! :ole c !n be fa/5$ to ! box by a pap]-clip4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ih ,to make ! ,sails turn4 ,bore two holes ?r\gh ! w9dmill2 r\nd a mat* /ick by rubb+ x ) s&-pap]2 glue ! sails to "o end ( x1 pass x ?r\gh ! holes & glue a circle ( c>dbo>d to ! o!r end to prev5t x slipp+ back4 ,fig4 #ih %[s a m complicat$ b v effective way ( mak+ ! sails4 ,! pap] is cut along ! d>k l9es & b5t back along ! dott$ l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ii ,a ,tram-c> 7,fig4 #ii74 ,= ?is toy two insides ( mat*-boxes are ne$$4 ,! *ildr5 c\ld cut & gum to "o box a piece ( c>dbo>d ,a ,b4 ,!n into ?is box are gumm$ six mat*es ( ! same l5g?4 ,:ile ^! are dry+ ! :eels c be made & ! top prep>$4 ,! top is a box turn$ ov] ) a piece ( pap] gumm$ r\nd ! edge4 ,! pap] %\ld be col\r$ yell[4 ,! project+ pap] =ms ! rail r\nd ! top ( ! c>4 ,:5 ! mat*es are q firm ! inv]t$ box is plac$ ov] !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajj ,a ,*ur* 7,fig4 #ajj74 ,?is is made f a comb9ation ( ! b>n or h\se & ! ca/le4 ,a /rip ( pap] c be gumm$ along bo? sides to keep ! two p>ts toge!r4 ,a ,mat*-box ,tra9 7,fig4 #aja74 ,! eng9e is a mat*-box turn$ upside d[n1 to :i* is gumm$ a cork cov]$ ) r$ or gre5 pap]4 ,! broad end ( ! cork has be5 s&-pap]$ to make x m equal to ! o!r end4 ,! funnel is a piece ( c>dbo>d black5$ & ins]t$ into a slit 9 ! cork4 ,half a mat*-box glu$ to ! cork =ms ! cab4 ,! coal t5d] is a mat*-box on :eels2 a piece ( br[n pap] c be pa/$ r\nd "o end to =m ! back & ! sides4 ,! simple/ way ( mak+ a c>riage is to fold a piece ( pap] into ?ree1 m>k on x ! door & ! w9d[s & gum x to ! inside ( ! box4 ,= ?is piece ( pap] ! *ildr5 c get ! measurem5ts f ! mat*-box4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aja ,9 ord] to make a long c>riage l a real tra9 a *ild sugge/$ gumm+ two mat*-boxes toge!r1 end to end4 ,:5 a long tra9 0 complete ! *ildr5 at once want$ to make a /ation 7,fig4 #ajb74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajb ,= ?is purpose two or ?ree mat*-box cov]s c be fa/5$ toge!r by cov]+ !m ) :ite pap] 7m>k$ to repres5t ! bo>ds ( a plat=m7 & gumm+ !m to a piece ( c>dbo>d1 ,a ,b ,c ,d4 ,! pap] mu/ be left long en\gh at ea* end to be gumm$ to ! c>dbo>d & =m ! slopes ( ! plat=m4 ,! wait+-room or %elt] is a mat*-box gumm$ to plat=m z 9 diagram1 ) a triangul> piece ( pap] pa/$ beh9d to =m a ro(4 ,a seat c be pa/$ inside4 ,! "n ( ! /ation1 signals1 & a signal-box 7a half-op5$ mat*-box /&+ on end7 c be add$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aje ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajf ,a ,railway ,bridge4 ,gum two sets ( f\r mat*-box cov]s toge!r z ,a & ,b 9 ,fig4 #ajc4 ,next1 take a half-op5$ mat*-box 7,c 9 ,fig4 #ajd71 gum cov] securely to box1 turn x upside d[n & to x gum cov] ,d1 & to ?is1 half a cov] ,e4 ,fa/5 ?is to ,a by /rips ( pap] gumm$ on ea* side 7see %ad$ "p 9 ,fig4 #aje74 ,b has a simil> arrangem5t fa/5$ to x4 ,^! portions =m ! two sides ( ! bridge1 b ! /eps s obta9$ are too high & extra pap] /eps mu/ be made4 ,= ea* ( ^! take a piece ( /iff pap] ,l ,m ,n ,o 7,fig4 #ajf74 ,l ,m equals wid? ( mat*-box2 ,m ,o equals ?ree times ?ickness ( box4 ,fold 9 ?ree along ,t ,u & ,r ,s2 fold ,l ,u & ,t ,s 9 halves & b5d pap] to =m /eps4 ,l ,q is gumm$ to ,a & ,r ,o to ,e4 ,repeat = ea* int]m$iate /ep4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajg ,next cut a piece ( c>dbo>d ! wid? ( ! mat*-box & long en\gh to leave a suitable di/ance betwe5 ! two ends ( ! bridge to all[ ! mat*-box tra9 to pass ?r\gh1 or two tra9s to pass ea* o!r4 ,gum ?is to ! top ( ,a & ,b 7,fig4 #ajg74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajh ,next cut a piece ( pap] ,f ,g ,h ,j to fit across bo? p>ts ( ! bridge & to project to =m rail+s or a wall1 cut out ! ar*way1 col\r to repres5t /ones or bricks1 & gum to bridge2 cut & col\r a simil> piece = ! o!r side 7,fig4 #ajh74 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,m ,,complicat$ ,,mat*-,,box ,,& ,,cork ,,toys ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aji ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaa ,a ,paddle-:eel ,/eam] 7,fig4 #aji74 ,! cov] ( a mat*-box1 ,a ,b ,c ,d1 is cov]$ on top & bottom ) two pieces ( /iff pap] or c>dbo>d po9t$ at bo? ends 7,fig4 #aaj74 ,a long /rip ( pap] is cut1 ,e ,f ,g1 etc41 & fa/5$ r\nd ! cov] & project+ c>dbo>d4 ,! box is gumm$ on to ,a ,b ,c ,d4 ,! funnel is made ( a roll ( r$ pap] 7,fig4 #aaa74 ,! ma/ is a roll or /rip ( pap] gumm$ to inside ( box4 ,! :eels are /rips ( pap] held toge!r by a pap]-fa/5]1 ! pap] be+ b5t sideways4 ,! pap]-fa/5] clips ! :eel to ! side ( ! box4 ,a piece ( cotton-wool c be put into ! funnel = smoke4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aab ,a ,ca/le & ,drawbridge 7,fig4 #aab74 ,a & ,b are mat*-boxes1 ) ! %ort] sides cut (f1 gumm$ to a squ>e piece ( c>dbo>d 7#d-;in* side74 ,along ! bottom ( ^! a piece ( blue pap] is gumm$ to repres5t ! wat] 9 ! moat4 ,c ,d ,f ,e is a piece ( pap] ) ar*way cut out1 gumm$ to sides ( boxes ,a & ,b1 & beh9d ?is are gumm$ mat*-box cov]s ,g & ,h4 ,! drawbridge is a piece ( /iff pap] h+$ to ,c ,d1 & has mat* /icks gumm$ across x4 ,holes are made 9 ! bridge & wall ?r\gh :i* pieces ( ?read are pass$2 ! ends beh9d ! drawbridge are fa/5$ to a mat*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aac ,k is a box turn$ upside d[n & gumm$ to ,g1 ,h4 ,l & ,m are cov]s =m+ a passage f drawbridge4 ,! ca/le c be enl>g$ by add+ m boxes4 ,a ,ligh?\se 7,fig4 #aac74 ,?is toy is made f two corks gumm$ toge!r & fa/5$ to ! cov] ( a mat*-box :i* is gumm$ to a squ>e ( c>dbo>d cov]$ ) blue pap]4 ,r\nd ! box1 pap]1 cut & col\r$ to repres5t rocks1 is pa/$ & pap] /eps are fa/5$ to "o edge4 ,into ! top cork f\r pieces ( mat*es are ins]t$ & betwe5 !m is plac$ a small roll ( r$ pap]4 ,a small piece ( pap] ) f\r holes 9 x is plac$ on top ( ! mat*es4 ,! corks c be col\r$ grey1 & w9d[s & doors pa9t$ on !m4 ,! top cork mu/ be fil$ to fit ! l[] "o1 & its upp] end fil$ to make x n>r[]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aad ,an ,air%ip 7,fig4 #aad74 ,! air%ip is made f ?ree corks glu$ toge!r1 ! ?icke/ cork be+ 9 ! middle4 ,mat*es are ins]t$ at ea* end4 ,f\r mat*es are ins]t$ into ! corks & _! o!r ends glu$ into a mat*-box4 ,a piece ( black ?read is fa/5$ to ! mat*es z %[n 9 ! diagram4 ,mat*es & corks c be col\r$ d>k grey4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aae ,a ,bri/ol ,biplane 7,fig4 #aae74 ,a ,b1 ,c ,d are two /rips ( pap]1 9 l5g? ab\t f\r times ! l5g? ( a mat*-box1 9 wid? ne>ly ?ree-qu>t]s ! l5g? ( a mat*-box4 ,^! are fa/5$ toge!r by mat* /icks1 z %[n 9 ! diagram4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aaf ,e ,f is cut f a piece ( pap] z long z ,a ,b & ab\t ! wid? ( a mat*-box4 ,?is pap] is d\bl$ along ,e ,f & m>k$ & cut out z 9 diagram 7,fig4 #aaf72 !n unfold$ & pa/$ on ! bottom ( a mat*-box 7,g71 to :i* f\r small c>dbo>d :eels are pa/$4 ,a ,b ,c ,d is !n gumm$ along ! back ( ! box ,g at "r angles to ,e ,f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aag ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aah ,a ,bird-cage 7,fig4 #aag74 ,?is is made ( two small squ>es ( c>tridge pap] fa/5$ toge!r by mat*es1 z %[n4 ,:5 mak+ ! holes ! two pieces ( pap] %\ld be plac$ toge!r4 ,a piece ( cotton is fa/5$ to ! mat*es s t ! cage may be hung up4 ,a bird = ! cage is made f a small cork1 z 9 ,fig4 #aah4 ,! legs are two halves ( a mat*2 ! tail mu/ t\* ! gr\nd 9 ord] t ! bird may /&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aai ,a ,travell+ ,m5ag]ie 7,fig4 #aai74 ,cages are made f mat*-boxes4 ,! box is m\nt$ on :eels1 mat* /icks are glu$ inside ! box1 & a piece ( pap] ) holes 9 x is fitt$ to ! tops ( ! mat*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abj ,animals are cut out ( pap] & col\r$4 ,if ^! animals are cut f a fold$ piece ( pap] 7,fig4 #abj7 !y w /&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aba ,! v>i\s cages c be h>ness$ to horses4 ,a c>avan to accompany ! m5ag]ie is %[n 9 ,fig4 #aba4 ,a piece ( pap] fold$ 9 ?ree is gumm$ to ! inside ( a mat*-box4 ,on ! sides w9d[s are m>k$1 & a r\nd pap] *imney is gumm$ to ! top4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abb ,a ,fire-escape 7,fig4 #abb74 ,! ladd] is made f two n>r[ /rips ( c>dbo>d2 holes are made 9 ^! & mat* /icks ins]t$4 ,! ends ( ! mat*es %\ld be slightly fil$ or s&-pap]$4 ,b is a mat*-box1 "o end1 ,c1 ( :i* is b5t =w>d4 ,to ?is end /rips ( c>dbo>d1 ,c ,d1 ,e ,f are gumm$1 & across !m o!r /rips1 ,f ,d & ,g ,h4 ,:eels c be gumm$ on z 9 ! figure4 ,l & ,m are c>dbo>d /rips gumm$ to box & ladd] to help to keep x 9 position4 ,?read c\ld be atta*$ z %[n 9 diagram1 & an additional ladd] made to /& betwe5 ,l & ,m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abc ,a ,mangle4 ,a is a mat*-box turn$ upside d[n to :i* are gumm$ two corks :i* h be5 fil$ to make !m p]fect cyl9d]s 7,b & ,c 9 ,fig4 #abc74 ,! two corks are gumm$ toge!r & a /rip ( pap] ,e is b5t r\nd !m1 gumm$ to _! flat ends1 & also to ! sides ( ! mat*-box z at ,f4 ,k & ,h are pieces ( c>dbo>d %ap$ z 9 diagram & m>k$ to imitate ! iron legs ( a mangle4 ,^! pieces are gumm$ to ! inn] sides ( ! mat*-box to =m ! legs4 ,g is a circle ( c>dbo>d 7on :i* spokes %\ld be m>k$7 fa/5$ z %[n 9 diagram2 to ?is a c>dbo>d or mat* h&le1 ,l1 is atta*$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abd ,a ,subm>9e 7,fig4 #abd74 ,a1 ,b1 ,c are corks fil$ to ! %apes %[n 9 ,fig4 #abd1 & glu$ toge!r4 ,e ,f is a piece ( c>dbo>d1 n>r[ & po9t$ at ea* end1 gumm$ to ! corks4 ,be=e fa/5+ x on holes %\ld be made 9 x r\nd ! edge4 ,?r\gh ^! small p9s are put & pu%$ into ! corks to =m a rail+1 & r\nd !m a piece ( black cotton is ti$4 ,g is a small cork1 or a "p ( a l>ge cork made small by fil+1 gumm$ to ,e ,f2 a mat*1 ,h1 is ins]t$ to repres5t ! p]iscope4 ,p9s are ins]t$ r\nd ,g ) black cotton ti$ r\nd !m4 ,! corks1 c>dbo>d & mat*es %\ld be col\r$ grey4 ,old] *ildr5 c make ?is subm>9e s t x w float4 ,! corks ,a1 ,b1 ,c mu/ be fa/5$ toge!r by pieces ( wire pass+ ?r\gh !m4 ,! deck is made by fil+ ! corks flat along ! top1 ,e ,f1 & p9s are ins]t$ ar\nd x4 ,cork ,g is fa/5$ to ,b by a p94 ,a n>r[ /rip ( lead is cut & po9t$ at ea* end1 ^! ends are b5t at "r angles & are ins]t$ into slits 9 ,a & ,b4 ,?is subm>9e w float well1 & makes a v effective little toy4 ,x c\ld be pa9t$ ) grey enamel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abe ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abg ,a ,b>rel ,organ4 ,figs4 #abe1 #abf1 #abg %[ h[ a b>rel organ c be made f a cork & mat*-box cov]4 ,a is a mat*-box cov]1 a cork2 ,b1 is made a p]fect cyl9d] by means ( s&-pap]1 & gumm$ to side ( cov]4 ,x is kept 9 its place by a piece ( pap]1 ,c ,d ,e1 :i* is gumm$ to cov] & also to ! cork4 ,:eels ,f & ,g are gumm$ to ! sides or made to revolve on axles z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,! h&le ,k is made ( a mat* /ick & b5t piece ( c>dbo>d4 ,support ,h & h&les are made ( c>dbo>d4 ,note t ! piece ( pap] ,c ,d ,e rea*es ne>ly to ! gr\nd4 ,?is prev5ts ! toy f ov]balanc+4 ,pap]1 etc41 mu/ be suitably col\r$4 ,! mat*-box cov] might h br[n pap] pa/$ r\nd x4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,cork ,,animals ,,h>ness$ ,,to ,,sl$ges1 ,,etc4 ,= ^! toys pl5ty ( corks are necess>y1 & files or s&-pap]2 also "s po9t$ in/rum5t1 a long nail or bradawl1 = mak+ holes 9 ! corks4 ,f\r ( !m are %[n 9 ,plate ,,iii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abh ,horse & ,c>t4 ,gum :eels 7size ( p5ny7 & mat*es = %afts on ! mat*-box z 9 ,fig4 #abh4 ,file or s&-pap] a cork q smoo? & r\nd ! edges4 ,cut a horse's head out ( c>dbo>d & col\r x1 make a slit ) a knife 9 ! wide/ "p ( ! cork1 ins]t ! horse's head1 ins]t ! tail & f\r mat*es = legs4 ,gum a piece ( pap] on ! horse's back1 turn up & gum ! ends ( a pap] /rip to =m loops = %afts to g ?r\gh4 ,^! %afts c be gumm$ into ! loops or fa/5$ by ?read or pap] to a coll> r\nd ! horse's neck4 7,?is latt] way is difficult = little *ildr547 ,! coll> is cut out ( pap]4 ,a piece ( ?read c be put ?r\gh a hole 9 ! horse's m\? = re9s4 ,pap] seats may be add$ to ! c>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abi ,a ,co/]'s ,donkey ,b>r[ c be made 9 ! same way1 by sub/itut+ a donkey's head & cutt+ ! box z 9 ,fig4 #abi4 ,! van describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,v might be h>ness$ to a horse4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acj ,russian ,sl$ge4 ,to make ! sl$ge cut two runn]s out ( br[n pap] 7z ,a 9 ,fig4 #acj71 & gum on ea* side ( a mat*-box4 ,make two br[n-pap] seats1 ,c1 ,d1 & gum on4 ,cut "p ( ! cov] ( a mat*-box z 9 ,fig4 #aca to =m ! back ( ! sl$ge1 ,b4 ,gum a br[n-pap] hood r\nd ?is4 ,a n>r[ /rip ( br[n pap]1 ,e1 is b5t & fa/5$ on z 9 diagram4 ,a mat* or piece ( cane1 ,f1 is gumm$ 9 front ( ! box1 & to ?is ! horses are h>ness$4 ,! horses are made z already describ$4 ,a piece ( silk or ?read is loop$ r\nd _! necks & gumm$ "u ! /raps ( ! outside horses1 !n ti$ to mat* /ick1 ,f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aca ,?is toy & "s ( ^? foll[+ w be f\nd v useful to illu/rate geography lessons4 ,a ,re9de] ,sl$ge 7,fig4 #acb74 ,make ! re9de] z ! o!r animals4 ,= ! sl$ge ! bottom ( a mat*-box1 ,a1 & a piece ( br[n pap] are ne$$4 ,! br[n pap] %\ld be 9 l5g? "o & a half times ! l5g? ( ! mat*-box & broad en\gh to wrap r\nd a mat*-box & cov] e side except "o n>r[ side4 ,fold ! pap] 9 two along ,c ,b4 ,draw ! runn]s on ! d\bl$ pap] & cut out z 9 ,fig4 #acc4 ,cut ! /raps ,e ,o & ,g ,p along ! top ,k ,f & ,l ,h2 d\ble !m along ,m & ,n4 ,gum ,m ,k ,f & ,n ,l ,h to ! bottom ( ! mat*-box1 ,a4 ,d ! same on ! o!r side2 pieces ,m ,k ,f1 etc41 may be cut %ort] = conv5i5ce 9 gumm+4 ,a piece ( br[n pap] =ms ! back1 ,d 7,fig4 #acb74 ,f9ally1 a piece ( pap] j ! size ( ! mat*-box c be pa/$ ov] ,a to make ! sl$ge look tidy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acd ,! ,h[dah on ! elephant's back1 ! next model1 is a simple "o1 ?\gh difficult = "s little f+]s4 ,a is a little pap] case1 9 :i* f\r halves ( mat*es are glu$1 a squ>e piece ( pap] ) a little fr+e cut r\nd is gumm$ on ! top 7,fig4 #acd74 ,s\? ,african ,trek waggon 7,fig4 #ace74 ,?is is made f two mat*-box cov]s1 ,a & ,b1 fa/5$ toge!r by a /rip ( pap]2 two mat*-boxes1 ,c & ,d1 are gumm$ to ! top2 "p ( "o box1 ,d1 is cut away z 9 ! figure4 ,a /rip ( br[n pap] mu/ be gumm$ along ,a & ,b1 & a piece along ! bottom ( boxes ,c & ,d2 ! outsides ( ,c & ,d may be left _! ord9>y blue col\r4 ,a piece ( blui%-grey pap]1 ,e1 is fold$ 9 ?ree & gumm$ inside ! sides ( boxes ,c & ,d1 z 9 figure2 ?ree or f\r divisions %\ld be p5cill$ on ea* pap] side4 ,! :eels are cut out ( c>dbo>d--! l>ge :eels %\ld be some:at l>g] ?an a p5ny1 ! small :eels a little small]--^! are gumm$ to ! sides4 ,f is a /rip ( br[n pap]1 ?r\gh :i* a piece ( ?read passes to fa/5 ! waggon to a /ick1 ,g1 gumm$ across ! ox5's backs2 ?is c be fa/5$ to a /ick1 ,h1 & s on4 ,five pairs ( ox5 %\ld be yok$ to ! waggon 9 ?is way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ace ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acf ,an ,iri% ,jaunt+-c> 7,fig4 #acf74 ,?is toy is made f "o mat*-box4 ,fir/ two c>dbo>d :eels are cut out4 ,^! are gumm$ on ea* side ( ! mat*-box cov] z 9 ,fig4 #acg4 ,! box is !n cut 9 half 7,fig4 #ach7 & ea* half gumm$ to ! cov]1 e4g4 ,e ,f ,g ,h 7,fig4 #ach7 is gumm$ to ,a ,b ,c ,d 7,fig4 #acg74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #acg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ach ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aci ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adj ,two pieces ( br[n pap] are b5t z 9 ,fig4 #aci1 & gumm$ on1 ,l ,m ,n ,o to ,h ,g ,j ,k1 to =m foot-re/s4 ,a piece ( pap] b5t z 9 ,fig4 #adj & gumm$ on to ! front closes up ! holl[ cov] & =ms ! back ( ! driv]'s seat4 ,a simil> piece )\t ! top1 ,p1 is gumm$ to ! o!r end4 ,be=e putt+ on ! seat ! top may be cov]$ ) col\r$ pap]1 to repres5t ! uphol/]$ "p ( ! c>4 ,%afts ( c>dbo>d or cane are cut out & gumm$ und]nea? ! seat to ! cov] & a cork horse is h>ness$ to !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ada ,a ,mexican ,c>t ) ,ox ,team4 ,a mat*-box is cut z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ada4 ,two pieces ( n>r[ c>dbo>d are cut ! l5g? ( ! box2 holes are made 9 ^! & f\r mat*es are ins]t$ 9 ea*4 ,^! mat*es are !n glu$ inside ! sides ( ! box4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cork ,,animals ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii ,,noah',s ,,ark ,:ile ^! mat*es are dry+ ! :eels c be made4 ,! :eels are v l>ge 7! diamet] ne>ly equal to ! l5g? ( ! box72 !y mu/ be %ad$ to repres5t solid wood4 ,two /rips ( c>dbo>d1 ,a & ,b1 are gumm$ on z 9 ! figure4 ,a /rip ( br[n pap] gumm$ und]nea? ! box =ms ! %aft1 :i* c be gumm$ or ti$ to a mat* ly+ across ! ox51 j beh9d _! horns4 ,?is mat* is ti$ to ! horns2 ?is is ! correct way ( h>ness+ ox54 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adb ,a ,donkey ) ,panni]s4 ,! panni]s c be made ( br[n pap]1 9 ! same way z ! mug describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,iv2 !y are gumm$ to a /rip ( pap]1 :i* c be fa/5$ to ! donkey's back 7,fig4 #adb74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #add ,a ,p]sian ,me?od ( ,travell+4 ,! bottoms ( ! panni]s1 ,x & ,y 7,fig4 #adc71 are made f a small squ>e ( pap] fold$ & cut z 9 ,fig4 #add4 ,a is gumm$ on ,b & ,d on ,c2 ,h on ,g & ,e on ,f4 ,! hood is made ( a piece ( br[n pap] gumm$ inside ! pap] boxes ,x & ,y4 ,! panni]s c be gumm$ to a /rip ( pap]1 ! middle ( :i* is gumm$ to ! donkey's back4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ade ,an ,eskimo ,sl$ge 7,fig4 #ade74 ,! sl$ge is made ( a mat*-box turn$ upside d[n2 "o end1 ,a1 is b5t back z 9 diagram2 ! o!r end1 ,b1 is cut 9 half1 b5t outw>d & %ap$ z 9 diagram4 ,a mat*1 ,c1 is glu$ to ! ends1 & to ?is is ti$ ! ?read t h>nesses ! dogs4 ,a team consi/s ( twelve dogs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adf ,a ,seal c be made f a cork z 9 ,fig4 #adf1 & plac$ on ! sl$ge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adg ,a ,belgian ,milk-c>t 7,fig4 #adg74 ,two pieces ( c>dbo>d1 ,a1 are gumm$ inside a mat*-box2 cov] ! box ) pap]1 col\r x gre5 & m>k z 9 ! figure4 ,small corks %\ld be fil$ to resemble milk cans4 ,! c>ts g5]ally conta9 six1 ?ree l>ge & ?ree small cans2 !y are yell[ 9 col\r4 ,two pieces ( cane1 or two mat* /icks1 ,d & ,c1 are glu$ "u ! c>t = %afts2 ! ends are slipp$ ?r\gh pieces ( loop$ pap] gumm$ to ! backs ( ! dogs4 ,a piece ( /r+ ti$ to ! ends ( ! %afts & r\nd ! dogs fa/5s !m to ! c>t4 ,! dogs are grey1 & "o is (t5 small] ?an ! o!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adh ,russian ,dog ,sl$ge 7,fig4 #adi74 ,?is is made f a piece ( pap] fold$ along ,c ,d 7,fig4 #adh72 draw ! sl$ge & cut out z 9 ! diagram2 b5d along ,k ,l ,m4 ,:5 op5$ out ! sl$ge appe>s z 9 ,fig4 #adi4 ,runn]s ,a ,b & ,e ,f are fa/5$ toge!r by /rips ( pap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adi ,a seat may be gumm$ ov] ,g & ,h4 ,a piece ( ?read atta*$ z 9 ! figure h>nesses ! sl$ge to five dogs1 made ( corks4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,m ,,cork ,,toys ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aej ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aea ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aeb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aec ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aed ,cork ,boats4 ,besides ! subm>9e describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,vi1 _m o!r boats c be made f corks1 all ( :i* w float well4 ,! corks are jo9$ toge!r by pieces ( wire pass+ ?r\gh ! middle4 ,= ! keel cut a n>r[ /rip ( lead 7n m ?an #a_/d in* wide72 po9t bo? ends1 b5d !m up at "r angles z 9 ,fig4 #aej2 make slits 9 ! corks & pu% 9 ! po9t$ ends ( ! lead4 ,! keel is made m secure by driv+ p9s or ?9 nails ?r\gh ! lead & ! corks4 ,! keel also helps to hold ! corks firmly toge!r & prev5ts !m f slipp+ r\nd on ! connect+ wire4 ,a ,/eam] 7,fig4 #aea74 ,select ?ree corks1 z uni=m 9 size z possible4 ,cut & file "p ( _! r\nd surface q flat z 9 ,fig4 #aeb4 ,%ape ! b[ & /]n4 ,! funnels are made ( two small corks1 fa/5$ by p9s4 ,! ma/s consi/ ( pieces ( cane or ?9 /icks4 ,a ,sail+-boat4 ,a v pretty little sail+-boat c be made1 z 9 ,fig4 #aec4 ,! sails are ( glaz$ l9+4 ,! edges ( ?is d n fray1 s ! sails d n require hemm+1 & z !y mu/ be z light z possible1 ?is is a great advantage4 ,! gaff1 ,a1 is ti$ ) ?read to ! ma/1 also ! boom1 ,b2 bo? are pieces ( cane1 to :i* ! ma9sail1 ,d1 is sewn4 ,! end ( ! boom is ti$ by cotton to a piece ( wire at ! /]n1 %ap$ z 9 ,fig4 #aed4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! lead keel is exactly 9 ! middle1 & t ! sails & ma/s are n too heavy1 o!rwise ! boat w bl[ ov] on its side4 ,a ,paddle-boat4 ,two pieces ( cork p9n$ on ea* side ( ! /eam] & cut z 9 ,fig4 #aee1 or ev5 left r\nd1 make v reali/ic-look+ paddle :eels4 ,o!r models1 su* z a dreadn\ght1 a fi%+ smack1 etc41 are easily made4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aee ,a ,fly+ ,proa ( ! ,ladrones 7,fig4 #aef74 ,^! boats are us$ *iefly 9 ,ea/ ,indian wat]s4 ,!y are rem>kable = _! spe$4 ,b[ & /]n are equally %>p po9t$4 ,"o side ( ! proa is flat1 & 9 a /raight l9e f b[ to /]n 7,fig4 #aeg71 b ! o!r is r\nd$ z 9 o!r vessels4 ,! outrigg] prev5ts ! boat f turn+ ov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aef ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aeg ,9 ! model ! outrigg] is made ( a cork fa/5$ to ! side ( ! boat by mat* /icks or pieces ( cane4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aeh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aei ,an ,eskimo ,canoe is v easily made by po9t+ ! ends v %>ply & holl[+ out a hole 9 ! c5tre 7,fig4 #aeh74 ,fig4 #aei %[s an ,egyptian ,dahabieh4 ,= ?is boat x is bett] to use f\r corks1 z two sails are c>ri$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afj ,9 ! ,d\ble ,canoe 7,fig4 #afj7 ! two boats are jo9$ by a ?9 piece ( wood1 ,a4 ,a slant+ hole is drill$ 9 ,a = ! ma/4 ,ma/ & y>ds are be/ made ( cane4 ,^! little boats look wond]fully effective on ! wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afa ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afd ,cork ,wre/l]s 7,fig4 #afe74 ,?is is a v amus+ toy & is v easily made4 ,cut & file two corks to ! %ape %[n 9 ,fig4 #afa4 ,drill a hole ?r\gh ! %\ld]s 7a a7 & hips 7b b71 & flatt5 ^! = ! limbs to "w aga9/4 ,! arms & legs are made ( c>dbo>d4 ,cut out ! legs z 9 ,fig4 #afb & make holes 9 !m4 ,pass a piece ( /\t wire ?r\gh ! hips & ! holes 9 ! legs & d\ble ! ends ov]1 s t ! legs w n slip (f1 b let !m be loose en\gh to move freely4 ,9 %ap+ ! legs make !m b5d slightly at ! knee1 z ?is makes ! figures m life-l 9 _! movem5ts4 ,! arms mu/ be cut out 9 pairs z 9 ,fig4 #afc4 ,make holes ne> ! %\ld]s & "o at c4 ,!n fa/5 ! arms to ! body 9 ! same way z ! legs4 ,! heads are made ( cork1 ! eyes1 m\?1 etc41 be+ m>k$ 9 ink4 ,cut a slit across ! neck & "o across ! top ( ! body4 ,fa/5 ! head to ! body by ins]t+1 ) ! help ( a p5-knife1 a /rip ( calico into bo? ^! slits1 s t ! head is fairly close to ! body 7,fig4 #afd74 ,! heads w move ab\t z ! figures wre/le4 ,pa9t ! legs & arms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afe ,pass a piece ( ?read ?r\gh ! holes c4 ,hold "o end ( ! ?read /eady & move ! o!r ab\t & y w cause ! little figures to wre/le 9 a mo/ life-l mann]4 ,if x is necess>y to make ! figures heavi]1 little pieces ( lead may be glu$ to ! feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aff ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afg ,simil> little wre/l]s 7,fig4 #afg7 c be made f two wood5 clo!s-pegs 7,fig4 #aff74 ,cut ! pegs 9 two along ! dott$ l9e4 ,! upp] "p =ms ! head & body ( a wre/l]1 & ! l[] p>ts are us$ = ! legs4 ,drill holes ?r\gh ! bodies 7at ,a 9 ,fig4 #aff7 & ?r\gh ! legs at ! ?9 ends2 fa/5 ^! to ! body ) wire4 ,= ! arms two pieces ( ?91 flat wood are necess>y1 ab\t #c in*es 9 l5g?4 ,bore holes at ea* end & 9 ! middle1 %ape !m r\ghly ) a p5-knife to repres5t ! jo9$ h&s ( ! wre/l]s4 ,fix ^! pieces to ! bodies & "w !m z describ$ 9 ! case ( ! cork wre/l]s4 ,swiss ,musical ,figures4 ,^! amus+ little toys 7 fir/ inv5t$ by ! ,swiss4 ,!y are n musical 9 ! s5se t !y produce any s\nd1 b !y dance ab\t to music :5 plac$ on a piano lid1 or on any flat surface :i* vibrates4 ,! figures %\ld be small & light & are easily cut out f a cork4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afi ,%ape a cork z 9 ,fig4 #afh & holl[ out ! c5tre 7,a74 ,cut out arms & legs ( ?9 c>dbo>d4 ,fa/5 ! legs to a piece ( wire pass+ ?r\gh ! holl[ 9 ! cork 7,b ,c 9 ,fig4 #afh71 s t !y hang loosely4 ,fa/5 ! arms to ! %\ld]s ) wire4 ,make f\r t9y holes 9 ! bottom rim1 ,e1 ) a p92 get "s /iff bri/les 7f an old clo!s bru%71 glue !m into ! holes & :5 firm cut !m level1 s t ! figure /&s upright1 ) ! feet a little above ! gr\nd4 ,a head is !n made ( cork1 & a little dress & bonnet ( pap] add$4 ,?is little figure1 re/+ on ! bri/les1 is affect$ by ! slighte/ vibration4 ,o!r figures1 su* z a soldi]1 a cl[n1 or animals1 su* z a danc+ be> or a monkey1 c be made on ! same pr9ciple4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,c>dbo>d ,,& ,,pap] ,,%ips 7,,plate ,,iv7 ,an int]e/+ s]ies ( %ips c be made ( c>dbo>d & pap]4 ,^! %ips c be us$ to illu/rate ! hi/ory lesson or to illu/rate a lesson on ! evolution ( ! %ip4 ,mat]ials4 ,c>dbo>d ( m$ium ?ickness 7?9 c>dbo>d w b5d & ?ick is difficult to cut71 :ite pap]--c>tridge pap] or ord9>y ex]cise pap]--& col\r$ pap] or *alks1 scissors & p5-knife1 rul]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agj ,illu/ration3 ,,c>dbo>d ,,& ,,pap] ,,%ips ,,s*oon] 7,"p ,,ii1 ,*apt] ,,xiv7 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv ,,c>dbo>d ,,& ,,pap] ,,%ips ,! ,vik+ ,%ip 7,fig4 #agj74 ,give ! *ildr5 oblong pieces ( c>dbo>d1 ,a ,b ,c ,d1 ab\t #h-a_/b in*es by #b-a_/b in*es4 ,a l9e1 ,e ,f1 drawn across ! middle ( ! c>dbo>d gives ! top ( ! %ip4 ,! %ip is !n drawn on ! c>dbo>d1 & ! %ad$ "p ( ! c>dbo>d is cut away4 ,dragons' or s]p5ts' heads are drawn on pap]1 cut out & gumm$ on to ! /]n & pr[ 7z ,g & ,h72 a tongue cut f r$ pap] c be add$ to ea* dragon4 7,! 'dragon %ips' 71 z a rule1 ! l>ge/1 ! 's]p5t %ips' be+ small] & bett] adapt$ to sail+47 ,! ma/ is cut out ( c>dbo>d & gumm$ beh9d ! %ip2 ! sail is cut out ( pap] & gumm$ to ! ma/4 ,! %ields are cut out ( c>dbo>d & pa/$ along ! sides4 ,! %ip may be pa9t$ :ite1 blue1 r$1 or any comb9ation ( col\rs2 ! w>riors' %ields 7 also ( diff]5t col\rs4 ,! sails 7 g5]ally 9 col\r$ /ripes1 blue & :ite or r$ & :ite4 ,ma/s br[n4 ,= tea*]s :o want to be hi/orically accurate ! foll[+ notes on ! vik+ %ip may be useful4 ,! vik+ %ip 7f n9? c5tury on-w>ds7 0 cl9*]-built1 caulk$ ) hair1 & iron fa/5$4 ,"o %ip we "k to h be5 #gh feet long by #ae-a_/b feet ( extreme bread?2 ! %ips v>i$ 9 l5g? f #ej to #aej feet4 ,!y _h f twelve to ?irty-five seats = r[]s4 ,g5]ally bo? ends ( ! vessel 7 alike1 s t x c\ld be /e]$ f ei!r end by ! paddle1 :i* 0 us$ ev]y:]e until ! inv5tion ( ! rudd]4 ,/&>ds & p5nants 7 us$1 & possibly ! two-arm$ iron an*or 7= ! ,romans us$ x71 s ! *ildr5 c cut out p5nants & an*ors = _! %ips4 ,*ildr5 delight 9 nam+ _! %ips & %\ld be giv5 "s ( ! 'real' old names to *oose f4 ,^! old names g5]ally ref]r$ to ! figure-head1 :i* 0 ( wood or metal1 9 ! %ape ( ! head ( a dragon1 de]1 bird or o!r animal--e4g4 ,dragon1 ,s]p5t1 ,rav51 ,de] ( ! ,surf1 ,sea-k+'s ,de]1 ,horse ( ! ,sea1 ,sea-bird1 etc4 ,to support ! boat two pieces ( c>dbo>d are cut & fold$1 z ,n ,p ,o ,q 7,fig4 #aga74 ,! c>dbo>d mu/ be half cut ) a p5-knife along ! l9e ,r ,s1 s t x c be b5t easily4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aga ,! portion ,n ,r ,p ,s is gumm$ to ! back ( ! %ip1 ,r ,s ,o ,q b5t at "r angles to ,n ,p ,r ,s =ms ! support1 ) corn] ,s ,t ,q cut (f1 s t ! %ip tilts a little backw>d4 ,a ,pho5ician ,w>%ip1 #dhj ,b4,c4 7,fig4 #agb74 ,?is is made1 z ! vik+ %ip1 f oblong ,a ,b ,c ,d2 pieces ( pap]1 ,e & ,f1 ) rail+s drawn on !m1 are gumm$ on ea* end2 a /]n ornam5t1 ,g1 is cut out ( pap] & gumm$ at "o end4 7,:5 a vessel 0 captur$ 9 old5 days ?is 0 kept z a trophy47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agb ,small circles are drawn along ! side ( ! %ip to repres5t ! holes = ! o>s1 or holes may be made 9 ! c>dbo>d & mat*es or /rips ( c>dbo>d pass$ ?r\gh = o>s4 ,a device ( ! sun 7common to ,c>?ag9ian vessels7 %\ld be drawn on ! sail & pr[4 ,! %ip c be col\r$ 9 /ripes yell[ & r$1 ) "o blue b& ne> ! top2 /]n ornam5t r$ & yell[2 sail yell[ ) r$ sun4 ,! %ips repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #agc & 9 ,plate ,,iv are made 9 ! same way4 ,9 all ^! a piece ( c>dbo>d =ms ! f\ndation4 ,ma/s1 high funnels1 any?+ likely to b5d1 %\ld also be cut f c>dbo>d1 b sails1 /]n or pr[ ornam5ts1 rail+s1 flags1 etc41 are be/ cut out ( pap]4 ,by means ( a ne$le & cotton1 rigg+ c be add$ to ! %ips4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agc ,a ,tudor ,%ip 7,fig4 #agc74 ,tudor %ips are difficult1 because ( _! elaborate & l(ty =eca/le & poops4 ,a simplifi$ "o is %[n 9 ! figure4 ,?is c be easily manag$ by ! *ildr5 if an oblong ,a ,b ,c ,d is giv5 !m1 divid$ into six p>ts l5g?ways1 or if ! oblong ,e ,b ,f ,d is giv5 !m4 ,9 ! latt] case ! poop & =eca/le are cut out ( pap] & gumm$ on sep>ately4 ,! %ip is col\r$ r$1 yell[ & blue1 ! sails :ite4 ,! %ip may be decorat$ ) _m flags4 ,! ,cun>d] has r$ funnels1 ) a black b& at ! top & two black l9es und]nea?4 ,! ,sup]-,dreadn\ght %\ld be col\r$ d>k grey4 ,*ildr5 w delight to make1 9 a simil> way1 a ,roman galley1 ,columbus' ,santa ,m>ia1 9 :i* he discov]$ ,am]ica1 ! ,black ,pr9ce1 9 :i* ,sir ,philip ,sidney's body 0 c>ri$ to ,engl&1 ,brita9's fir/ ,ironclad1 etc4 ,in/ead ( c>dbo>d supports pieces ( wood 7ab\t #a_/d in* ?ick1 #a in* wide1 ! l5g? equal to t ( ! %ip7 c be half sawn ?r\gh along ! middle l9e & ! %ip ins]t$ 9 ?is slit2 or pieces ( wood 7cubes7 may be glu$ to ! back4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! surface ( ! wood %\ld be pa9t$ blue to repres5t wat]4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,c>dbo>d ,,& ,,pap] ,,toys ,,involv+ ,,use ,,( ,,rul]1 ,,set-,,squ>e1 ,,scissors1 ,,& ,,knife ,mat]ials4 ,! c>dbo>d us$ %\ld n be too ?ick2 m$ium ?ickness is be/ 7?reep5ce a %eet74 ,almo/ any pap] t is n too ?9 c be us$ = mak+ h+es4 ,all k9ds ( c>dbo>d boxes w be f\nd ( great use 9 mak+ %ops1 eng9es1 etc4 ,tools4 ,scissors ) r\nd po9ts are saf] = *ildr5 to use1 ?\gh p]haps n q s suitable = ! "w4 ,knives4 ,= little *ildr5 ! c>ton knife1 consi/+ ( a small blade project+ n m ?an a qu>t] ( an in* f ! h&le1 is ! be/1 z ! smallness ( ! blade does mu* to prev5t ! *ildr5 cutt+ _! f+]s4 ,= old] *ildr5 ! ,london or ,leipsic patt]n is suitable1 or !y c use _! p5-knives4 ,^! c be %>p5$ q well on an ord9>y knifebo>d4 ,rul]s4 ,! non-slip safety rul] is ! be/4 ,x grips ! pap] well1 & ! depression betwe5 ! rais$ edges enables ! *ildr5 to hold x /eady :5 cutt+4 ,adhesives4 ,higg9s' vegetable glue or seccot9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agd ,a ,pigeon-h\se 7,fig4 #agh74 ,on a piece ( c>tridge pap] draw an oblong #h in*es by #b in*es1 & divide x into f\r squ>es 7,fig4 #agd74 ,on ! top ( ea* con/ruct an equilat]al triangle4 ,make a flange ab\t #a_/d in* on ! sides ( ! triangles1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #agd1 & on ! sides ( ! squ>es4 ,cut & fold back ! doorways4 ,fold & gum toge!r4 ,flanges #a1 #b1 #c1 #d %\ld be fold$ 94 ,draw & cut out a squ>e1 side #b-a_/b in*es 7,fig4 #age72 gum ! h\se on to ?is4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #age ,= ! po/ draw an oblong #h in*es by #b-a_/b in*es 7,fig4 #agg74 ,fold into five l5g?s 7#a_/b in* wide74 ,draw ,j ,k & ,l ,m #a_/b in* f ! ends ( oblong ,e ,f ,g ,h4 ,cut along ! l9es1 cut (f ! %ad$ portions1 & fold along ! dott$ l9es4 ,gum ! two out] portions ov] ea* o!r to make a f\r-sid$ po/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agh ,= ! base cut a squ>e1 ! side #c in*es 7,fig4 #agf71 & to ?is gum ! flanges at ,l ,m4 ,gum ! h\se to ! flanges at ,j ,k4 ,to make ! top /rong]1 a second squ>e 7! side #b-a_/b in*es7 c be cut2 ! flanges at ,l ,m are gumm$ to ?is1 & !n ! h\se is fa/5$ on4 ,o!r easily made f>mh\se models are a h5-coop1 a b>n1 a pig/y1 ! f>mh\se itself1 etc4 ,! ,noah's ,ark 7,plate ,,iii74 ,z ?is is a fairly l>ge toy1 x is be/ made f sep>ate pieces ( c>dbo>d h+$ toge!r by /rips ( pap]4 ,if x is cut f "o or two pieces1 ! size ( ! c>dbo>d is some:at unmanageable4 ,! foll[+ ,noah's ,ark is ( a suitable size = hold+ cork animals4 ,two pieces ( c>dbo>d are cut1 #h-a_/b in*es by #d in*es 7,fig4 #agi74 ,cut two o!r pieces1 #c-a_/b in*es by #f in*es4 ,m>k & cut ^! out z ,a & ,c4 ,9 "o side1 ,a1 a door is cut4 ,a pap]-fa/5] is put 9 to =m ! h&le4 ,on ! o!r sides w9d[s may be drawn & col\r$4 ,:5 fa/5+ ! pieces toge!r ! *ildr5 mu/ be v c>eful t ! b5d ( ! h+e is /raight4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agi ,fig4 #agi %[s ! pieces ( ! ,noah's ,ark h+$ toge!r4 ,! *ildr5 w f9d x easi] if !y pa/e ! h+es on ,a & ,c fir/ & let !m dry ?or\ghly2 !n !y c fa/5 ,a to ,b & ,c to ,b & ,d1 & la/ly ,d to ,a1 b ,b mu/ be firmly h+$ to ,a be=e ,c is atta*$1 & s on ) ! o!r p>ts4 ,h[ev]1 !re is pl5ty ( "w to be done :ile ! *ildr5 are wait+ = ! pa/e to dry4 7,9 _! eag]ness to f9i% toys ! *ildr5 (t5 want to pa/e or glue too _m ?+s toge!r at once47 ,= ! bottom ( ! ark a piece ( c>dbo>d1 #ac-a_/b in*es by #e in*es1 is cut & po9t$ at ea* end4 ,= ! ro( ! *ildr5 c get ! measurem5ts !mselves4 ,! long side ( ! ark is #h-a_/b in*es1 s t if ! ro( projects #a_/b in* on ea* side ( ?is ! l5g? w be #i-a_/b in*es4 ,!y mu/ measure ,e ,f 7,fig4 #agi72 ?is w be ab\t #b-a_/b in*es4 ,n[1 ! ro( mu/ cov] ,e ,f & ,f ,g & project ab\t a #a_/b in* beyond ,e & ,g1 s t ! wid? ( ! ro( mu/ be #f in*es4 ,!re=e1 !y mu/ cut a piece ( c>dbo>d #i-a_/b in*es by #f in*es4 ,d[n ! middle ( ?is a half cut is made1 along :i* ! c>dbo>d is fold$4 ,a /rong] me?od is to cut ! ro( 9 half & h+e ! two pieces toge!r by a piece ( pap] cut & col\r$ to repres5t tiles2 ?us ! ro( w op5 & %ut easily )\t break+4 ,! ro( c be col\r$ or cov]$ ) blue pap]4 ,:5 ! body ( ! ark is complete1 x mu/ be plac$ on to ! bottom1 s t x /&s 9 ! middle4 ,two h+es on ea* long side w be suffici5t to keep ! ark /eady1 b h+es c also be made = ! %ort] sides4 ,! h+es are m easily put on ! outside1 b w\ld look neat] if fa/5$ inside ! ark4 ,"o half ( ! ro( is fa/5$ by pap] h+es to ?ree sides ( ! ark2 ! o!r half op5s & %uts4 ,a /rip ( c>dbo>d1 ! wid? ( ! door1 is cut to =m a gangway = ! animals to ent] ! ark4 ,across ?is mat*es %\ld be glu$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aha ,v effective animals c be made f corks1 z expla9$ 9 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,easily made animals are ! elephant1 camel1 giraffe1 horse & donkey4 ,! *ildr5 w sugge/ o!r possible animals1 e4g4 a h$gehog1 or porcup9e1 a small cork ) p9s /uck 9 x1 etc4 ,noah & 8 wife & *ildr5 c be made f corks4 ,a cork is fil$ r\nd ! n>r[e/ end to =m ! head 7,fig4 #ahj74 ,eyes1 m\?1 etc41 c be m>k$ 9 ink4 ,r\nd ,noah is pa/$ a piece ( col\r$ pap] to =m a cloak1 op5 9 front2 ?is1 ) ! help ( mat* /icks = legs1 enables him to /&4 ,half mat*es =m ! arms4 ,a piece ( r\nd pap] gumm$ to ! head =ms a hat4 ,noah's wife 7,fig4 #aha7 has a piece ( col\r$ pap] r\nd h] body to =m a skirt1 on :i* %e /&s4 ,a ,dog ,k5nel 7,fig4 #ahb74 ,?is toy is made ( ei!r c>dbo>d or /iff pap]1 on l9es simil> to ^? ( ! ,noah's ,ark4 ,! bottom & ! sides c be made f "o piece1 #g-a_/b in*es by #d in*es 7,fig4 #ahc74 ,half cuts are made along ,h ,a & ,b ,c4 ,9 fix+ ! front ( ! k5nel x w be notic$ t ! bottom & ! sides project beyond x4 ,! back portion c be fix$ to co9cide ) ! edges ( ! bottom & sides4 ,! ro( c be measur$ & fix$ z describ$ 9 ! ,noah's ,ark4 ,planks c be indicat$ by draw+ l9es across ! sides & ! ro(4 ,! k5nel may be fa/5$ to two /rips ( wood1 ,y & ,x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahc ,a ,%op4 ,?is c be made l ! ,noah's ,ark1 except t ! bottom w1 ( c\rse1 be a rectangle1 & "o long side mu/ be left op54 ,! *ildr5 c turn c>dbo>d boxes ( diff]5t k9ds into %ops q easily4 ,p]haps "o ( ! easie/ %ops to make is ! but*]'s4 ,! inside c be cov]$ ) :ite pap]1 ^u :i* ! *ildr5 h drawn tiles 9 blue or gre5 p5cil4 ,a little pay+-desk 7,fig4 #ahd7 c be made ( br[n pap] & gumm$ to "o ( ! walls4 ,tables c be made ( c>dbo>d1 or ( wood if ! *ildr5 h begun woodwork4 ,jo9ts ( meat drawn on c>dbo>d1 & col\r$ ) r$ p5cil1 look v reali/ic :5 cut out4 ,to hang ^! ! *ildr5 c hamm] nails half way into a piece ( /ripwood & glue x to ! wall4 ,! jo9ts c be atta*$ to ! nails by pieces ( /r+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahd ,o!r toys t c be made 9 a simil> way f /iff pap] or c>dbo>d are ca/les1 h\ses1 a s5try-box4 ,a ,:eelb>r[ 7,fig4 #ahh74 ,?is toy is made ( c>dbo>d ( m$ium ?ickness4 ,fig4 #ahe %[s h[ ! bottom & ! sides are cut out f "o piece4 ,half cuts are made along ! dott$ l9es4 ,small holes are made at ,d & ,c = ! axle ( ! :eel4 ,figs4 #ahf & #ahg %[ ! two ends ( ! b>r[4 ,be=e plac+ !m 9 position a little seccot9e %\ld be put r\nd _! edges2 ) ! help ( ?is & ! slits !y w be q firm4 ,! :eel is ab\t #g_/h in*es 9 radius4 ,x is m\nt$ on an axle made ( a r\nd$ mat* /ick or piece ( cane4 ,two small pieces ( cork c be fil$ to ! %ape ( ,e & ,f 9 ,fig4 #ahi1 & holes made ?r\gh !m4 ,!y are !n slipp$ on to ! axle on ea* side ( ! :eel 7,fig4 #ahi7 to prev5t ! latt] f wobbl+4 ,! legs are made ( /rips ( c>dbo>d ab\t #a_/d in* wide & #b-a_/b in*es long 7,fig4 #aij74 ,a v slight half cut is made along ! dott$ l9e1 s t "p ( ! leg1 ,k1 may be b5t /raight :5 ,h is gumm$ to ! side ( ! :eelb>r[4 ,fig4 #aia %[s ano!r me?od ( mak+ ! legs4 ,a half cut is made along ! dott$ l9e1 ,h is b5t back at "r angles to ,k & is gumm$ to ! side ( ! b>r[4 ,! slant ( ! dott$ l9e is ! same z ! slant ( ! sides ( ,a 9 ,fig4 #ahf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahe ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ahi ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aij ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aia ,?is toy c\ld also be made ( ?ree-ply wood ) a fret-saw4 ,! sides & bottom w\ld !n h to be cut 9 ?ree sep>ate pieces4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,simple ,,woodwork ,*ildr5 z "y z sev5 c beg9 woodwork1 b ! little /r5g? !y possess = saw+ makes x necess>y to give !m prep>$ wood1 call$ /ripwood4 ,!re is no ne$1 h[ev]1 to beg9 woodwork 9 too great a hurry1 s _m are ! toys :i* ! *ildr5 c make ) mat*-boxes1 corks1 pap] & files1 & ! m famili> ! *ild gets ) 8 rul] & ) simple measurem5ts1 ! bett] able he is to saw to advantage4 ,woodwork may well be po/pon$ to ! age ( eight or n9e1 !n ! *ild c beg9 to measure accurately & be introduc$ by degrees to ! my/]ies ( set-squ>es1 try-squ>es & ,t-squ>es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aib ,! foll[+ tools are necess>y :5 beg9n+ easy woodwork ) *ildr5 f sev5 to t5 ye>s ( age2 o!r tools1 describ$ 9 ,"p ,,ii1 c be add$ z ! *ildr5 advance 9 age & 9 ambition3 #a4 ,b5*-hooks1 aga9/ :i* *ildr5 c press _! /rips ( wood & hold !m firmly4 ,a simple "o is %[n 9 ,fig4 #aib4 ,c is a piece ( h>d wood ab\t #h in*es squ>e1 ,a is a /rip ( h>d wood aga9/ :i* ! *ild c hold h] wood1 ,b is a /rip ( wood t presses aga9/ ! table4 #b4 ,try-squ>es4 #c4 ,a brass-back saw ) a blade ab\t #f in*es long4 #d4 ,a light hamm]4 #e4 ,files--^! are v *eap4 ,"s mu/ be r\nd2 ! o!rs %\ld be #h-;in* files1 #a_/b cut 7"o safe edge74 #f4 ,bradawls 7or meat skew]s74 #g4 ,a pair ( p9c]s4 ,o!r mat]ials requir$ w be liquid glue1 s&-pap]1 nails--useful ones are #c_/d & #a_/b v5e] p9s4 ,) reg>d to wood1 *ildr5 z "y z sev5 %\ld be giv5 prep>$ l5g?s 7s*ools are commonly suppli$ ) ! s-call$ sat9 walnut1 ma*9e-plan$1 see next *apt]71 f :i* !y c saw portions = mak+ simple objects1 su* z picture frames1 ladd]s1 gates1 objects :i* consi/ ( diff]5t l5g?s ( wood nail$ across ea* o!r4 ,a ^w ( advice is necess>y ) reg>d to s&-pap]2 ?is v>ies 9 co>s5ess f ,no4 #jj to ,no4 #c1 e %eet be+ /amp$4 ,x %\ld nev] be us$ until all "w ) edg$ tools is f9i%$1 z ! p>ticles ( s& left on ! surface dull an edg$ tool4 ,:5 us+ s&-pap] on a flat surface x %\ld be wrapp$ r\nd a rectangul> block ( wood4 ,all corn]s %\ld be left z %>p z !y are left by ! edg$ tools & r>ely s&-pap]$4 ,la/ly1 always s&-pap] ) ! gra94 ,! bradawl v>ies 9 size or diamet] ( ! /eel %aft f #a_/af in* to #a_/h in* or #c_/af in*4 ,! legitimate purpose ( ! bradawl is to bore holes 9 wood s z to ensure ! passage ( a nail or screw 9 ! "r direction1 & to facilitate its entrance into ! wood4 ,?ree words ( advice might be rememb]$ by tea*]s beg9n+ woodwork3 7#a7 ,don't beg9 x too soon2 don't beg9 woodwork ) *ildr5 ( sev5 & eight because o!rs d2 wait until !y are really ready1 until !y h ! necess>y /r5g?4 ,!re is pl5ty = !m to d 9 measur+ & cutt+ out pap] toys & toys ( ?9 c>dbo>d2 !y w enjoy ! woodwork ! m :5 x comes4 7#b7 ,simple doll's furniture1 *airs & tables1 are n easy = ! *ild to make4 7#c7 ,leave beh9d z soon z possible prep>$ /ripwood & its ev]la/+ gates1 rail+s1 bridges1 or picture frames4 ,sugge/ions = ,tea*]s :o are beg9n+ ,woodwork ) _! ,=ms4 ,let ! *ildr5 measure out & cut a squ>e ( wood to support ! m]ry-g-r\nd1 make ! /& = ! sw++ boats & great :eel 7,*apt] ,,xiv74 ,make ! ,noah's ,ark & dog k5nel describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,x4 ,a v simple toy = beg9n]s is a ,flat-bottom$ ,boat4 ,a flat1 oblong piece ( wood is m>k$ out z 9 ,fig4 #aic1 ! b[ & /]n are cut z indicat$2 ! ?ree dots d[n ! c5tral l9e indicate ! position ( ! ma/s4 ,^! c be made ( wood5 meat skew]s or ( pieces ( /rip wood 7#a_/d #a_/d7 r\nd$ t[>d ! top4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aic ,nails are driv5 ?r\gh ! bottom ( ! boat s t !y project ab\t half an in* above ! surface2 on to ^! po9ts ! ma/s are hamm]$1 hav+ fir/ _h a little glue appli$ to ! base2 nails are hamm]$ c>efully r\nd ! sides = rail+s1 ) cotton int]tw9$4 ,funnels ( r$ pap]1 little squ>es ( wood = cab9s1 pap] or c>dbo>d lifebuoys & an*ors1 a capta9's bridge1 etc41 may be add$ 7see ,fig4 #aid74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aid ,*ildr5 delight 9 ty+ ?read f ma/ to ma/ 7a ridge mu/ be fil$ r\nd ! tops ( ! ma/s to keep ! cotton f slipp+ d[n7 & 9 decorat+ ?is ?read ) flags4 ,in/ead ( nails1 /ripwood 7#a_/d #a_/d7 may be glu$ or nail$ along ! sides1 & a piece ( wood nail$ ov] ! b[ 7,fig4 #aie74 ,^! boats w float on wat] if !y are n too heavily lad5 ) cab9s1 etc4 ,fig4 #aif %[s a fi%+-boat complete4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aie ,a reel w be f\nd v useful z an anvil :5 driv+ ! nails ?r\gh ! bottom ( ! boat to hold ! ma/s4 ,! *ild %\ld hold 8 piece ( wood--?r\gh :i* he is driv+ a nail--9 su* a position t :5 ! po9t comes ?r\gh ! wood1 ! nail makes its passage d[n ! hole 9 ! middle ( ! reel4 ,z soon z ! po9t has be5 driv5 ?r\gh to a c]ta9 di/ance1 ! *ild c lift up 8 wood & exam9e--& if ne$ be correct--! direction ( ! nail be=e fix+ on ! ma/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aif ,hamm]+ mu/ be done ) ! hamm] held ) ! h& well back f ! head1 & ea* bl[ /ruck s t ! flat face ( ! hamm] falls exactly ^u ! head ( ! nail4 ,g5tle b firm bl[s are necess>y2 heavy bl[s are likely to b5d ! nails4 ,all b5t nails %\ld be at once drawn out4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,mat]ials ,nails4 ,! nails us$ 9 ! mak+ ( ! toys describ$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s are made ( v f9e wire1 ) f9e po9ts4 ,! wire commonly us$ = su* nails is #ag gauge1 b a f9] gauge 7#ba7 is bett] = light woodwork1 = x does n split ! wood s easily4 ,! nails v>y 9 l5g? f #a_/d in* to #b in*es1 increas+ by eigh?s ( an in*4 ,! mo/ useful sizes are v5e] p9s #a_/b in* 9 l5g? & #c_/d in* 9 l5g?4 ,panel p9s h small heads4 ,liquid ,glue4 ,?\gh ?is is de>] ?an ord9>y glue 7x c be obta9$ 9 small bottles1 price #d-a_/b;d71 x is always ready = use1 & is n affect$ by exposure to ! air1 except t x ?ick5s & h>d5s f evaporation4 ,if spread ?9ly ov] ! wood x holds ! v>i\s pieces firmly toge!r4 ,:5 fa/5+ diff]5t pieces ( wood toge!r x is well1 :5ev] possible1 bo? to glue & nail !m4 ,wood4 7#a7 ,sat9 walnut is "o ( ! easie/ woods to "w1 & is adapt$ = a wide range ( "w1 b x is liable to w>p & twi/ badly unless prop]ly season$4 ,= h&work 9 s*ool1 & = toy-mak+ g5]ally1 sat9 walnut ma*9e-plan$ c be _h 9 ! foll[+ useful sizes4 ,!y are suppli$ 9 l5g?s ( #b feet & are done up 9 bundles ( #ajj4 7a7 #b' #a_/d #a_/d ab\t #bs4 #i;d4 p] bundle4 7b7 #b' #a_/d #a_/b #cs4 7c7 #b' #a_/b #a_/b #cs4 #c;d4 7d7 #b' #a_/d #a #ds4 #b' #a_/d #d #is4 ,9 ! toys describ$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s sat9 walnut l5g?s 7a71 7b71 7c71 & 7d7 are ref]r$ to simply z /ripwood4 7#b7 ,r\nd d[el rods 9 bee* or bir* #c_/af in* to #g_/h in* diamet] & #cf in*es long are useful = axles & = ! p]*es = ! sw++ animals1 etc4 ,^! d[el rods co/ #cs4 to #ajs4 p] #ajj4 ,d[els are made by plan+ up a /rip squ>e 9 section1 !n plan+ (f ! corn]s1 & f9ally ! result+ eight corn]s4 ,!y are n[ ne>ly r\nd1 & c be made q s by hamm]+ !m ?r\gh a hole 9 a piece ( h>d wood or metal4 7#c7 ,sawn la?s su* z build]s use are p]haps ! *eape/ mat]ial t x is possible to get4 ,^! c be got f build]s' & timb]-m]*ants' y>ds at a co/ ( ab\t #i;d4 to #as4 p] bundle ( #ajj4 ,ea* la? is #c' #f #a #c_/af4 7#d7 ,?ree-ply is compos$ ( ?ree ?9 lay]s ( wood glu$ toge!r "u pressure4 ,! gra9 ( ! c5tre lay] is laid at "r angles to t ( ! o!r two1 s z to give additional /r5g? & to avoid w>p+4 ,?ree-ply w n split easily & %\ld be us$ = ! jo9t$ animals & sw++ animals describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,ply-wood is usually sold 9 ?icknesses v>y+ f #a_/h in* to #a_/d in*4 ,price ( ?ree-ply bo>ds 9 l>ge squ>es = cutt+ up3 #a_/h 94 ?ick1 #dg #ch1 #c_/d;d4 p] sq4 foot4 #c_/af #ec #cd1 #a;d4 #a_/d #gb #dh1 #a-c_/d;d4 ,mat* ,/ales4 ,^! are sometimes useful 9 toy-mak+1 ?\gh ord9>y mat*es t h be5 us$ g5]ally s]ve z well4 ,mat* /ales may be obta9$ f ,messrs ,bryant ,may's1 ,fairfield ,works1 ,b[1 ,e41 at #as4 p] bundle 7ab\t #aejj to ! bundle74 ,^! are suppli$ )\t brim/one1 #d-e_/h in*es long1 & ?ick] ?an ! mat*es 9 common use4 ,mo/ ( ! wood s f> describ$ is prep>$ wood 7) ! exception ( build]s' la?s71 & is ready = use at once2 x has m]ely to be sawn to ! "r l5g? or ! "r size4 ,b x is well to get ! *ildr5 away z soon z possible f dep5d5ce ^u ?is prep>$ mat]ial & to enc\rage !m to use wa/e mat]ial4 ,if !re is a kit*5 or tuck %op 9 connexion ) ! s*ool ?is w supply ! *ildr5 ) useful wood5 & c>dbo>d boxes ( v>i\s sizes4 ,! wood5 boxes 9 :i* ,fry's1 ,cadbury's1 etc41 *ocolates are pack$ are mo/ useful 9 toy-mak+4 ,! wood is easy to saw & fairly free f knots4 ,if no s*ool kit*5 or tuck %op exi/s a groc]1 = a few p5ce1 w supply a delightful collection ( wood5 boxes1 sweet-boxes1 soap-boxes1 boxes t h conta9$ bovril1 etc4 ,! great] "p ( e wood5 toy 9 ?is book has be5 made f mat]ials su* z ^!4 ,to avoid exp5se "o %\ld beg9 at once to collect useful boxes2 ?is adds to ! enjoym5t ( toy-mak+4 ,a tobacconi/ w (t5 give away 8 cig>-boxes1 ! wood ( :i* is a pretty br[n col\r & v useful4 ,un=tunately1 x is sometimes s ?9 t x is v liable to split4 ,x is difficult1 too1 to get ! pap] (f "s boxes1 & ! *ildr5 :o resort to wa%+1 scrubb+1 & sometimes boil+ 767 ! wood d n improve x4 ,h[ev]1 all wa/e wood has to be prep>$ 9 "s way2 g5]ally ! file & s&-pap] w make x ready = use4 ,o!r mat]ials t are invaluable to ! toy-mak] & %\ld be c>efully pres]v$ are old broom h&les1 reels1 & ! r\nd rods ( v>i\s sizes t "o (t5 comes across4 ,lead plays an important "p 9 _m toys2 %eet lead c be b\ght 9 p5nywor?s2 lead buttons c also be b\ght4 ,*a9s are also useful 7= example1 9 ,"p ,,ii1 9 ! drawbridge1 ! siege t[]1 etc471 s toy wat* *a9s or any odd pieces %\ld be pres]v$1 z ^! *a9s look m effective ?an ^? made ( wire4 ,v good *a9 c be b\ght f an ironmong]'s--price1 #c;d4 a y>d4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,"s ,,difficulties ,,9 ,,toy-,,mak+ ,i4 ,glu+4 ,g5]ally :5 pieces ( wood are fa/5$ toge!r1 bo? glue & nails %\ld be us$2 ! glue prev5ts ! wood f revolv+ on ! nails1 & ! nails hold :5 sometimes a sudd5 j> w cause pieces ( wood t are glu$ to sep>ate4 ,h[ev]1 if glue+ be well done1 x w s]ve well )\t nail+1 & x is (t5 conv5i5t to use glue only :5 mak+ small toys or :5 add+ a piece ( wood to a delicate toy t w n /& ! %ock ( ! hamm]4 ,to apply glue s t ! pieces ( wood t x fa/5s %all hold toge!r p]man5tly1 ! foll[+ po9ts %\ld be borne 9 m9d3 7#a7 ,! lay] ( glue %\ld be s ?9 t ! seam w sc>cely be se54 7#b7 ,! glue mu/ be p]fectly free f sawdu/1 %av+s1 etc41 & s mu/ ! wood4 7#c7 ,glue mu/ be ev5ly & ?9ly appli$ to bo? ! surfaces t are to be jo9$4 7#d7 ,! surfaces to be jo9$ mu/ be p]fectly smoo?4 7#e7 ,"t mu/ be giv5 = ! glue to dry4 ,*ildr5 (t5 want to t\* too soon4 ,,ii4 ,nail+4 ,g5]ally 9 nail+ holes %\ld fir/ be made = ! nail ) a f9e bradawl or drill4 ,! holes = ! nails %\ld be made j l>ge en\gh to all[ !m to /& upright 9 !m )\t be+ held4 ,! po9ts or heads ( nails t project %\ld always be fil$ away4 ,,iii4 ,s&-pap]+4 ,a hold] = s&-pap] %\ld be us$1 z by simply hold+ ! %eet 9 ! f+]s x is impossible to reta9 ! p]fect flatness ( ! surface4 ,a hold] c be b\ght = twop5ce4 ,s&-pap] %\ld always be appli$ ) a v light pressure1 le/ x we> away ! surface unequally4 ,,iv4 ,fil+4 ,fil+ %\ld be resort$ to z little z possible4 ,avoid fil+ ! sawn edges4 ,*ildr5 (t5 saw c>elessly1 rely+ on ! file to rem$y defects4 ,! file1 h[ev]1 is useful :5 cutt+ discs1 to make ! circle p]fect4 ,r\nd files are v useful 9 f9i%+ (f r\nd holes & 9 enl>g+ !m :5 requir$4 ,! %>p edges ( triangul> files c be us$ = mak+ not*es1 su* z ^? 9 ! deck-*air 7,"p ,,ii1 ,*apt] ,,iii74 ,v4 ,! ,mak+ ( ,:eels4 ,! *ild toy-mak] (t5 f9ds :eels some:at ( a problem4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 sev]al ways ( mak+ or gett+ !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aig 7#a7 ,small reels make good :eels = trams1 motor-c>s or tra9s4 ,!y require no saw+4 ,fig4 #aig %[s h[ !y are fa/5$ on4 ,a is a block ( wood glu$ & nail$ on to ! axle1 ,b ,c1 :i* is made ( /ripwood1 #a_/d #a_/d in*1 or #a_/b #a_/d in*2 ! ends1 ,f ,b & ,g ,c1 are r\nd$ s t ! reels c revolve easily on !m4 ,! bottom ( ! c> is glu$ to ! block4 ,! reels c be plac$ q "u ! bottom ( ! c>1 z 9 diagram1 or !y c project4 ,= a tra9 ! :eels %\ld be plac$ und]nea?4 7#b7 ,l>ge reels may be sawn into sev]al ?icknesses4 ,^! make excell5t :eels1 b are v difficult to saw ev5 ) a mitre block4 ,x is h>d to hold !m /eady & !re is "s dang] ( ! *ildr5 saw+ _! f+]s4 7#c7 ,broom h&les1 r\nd rods1 etc41 are easily sawn up & make excell5t :eels4 ,holes h to be drill$ ?r\gh !m & enl>g$ ) r\nd file = ! axle1 or a hole ! "r size c be made at once ) ! brace & bit4 7,= use ( :i* see ,"p ,,ii47 7#d7 ,:eels c be made ) ! brace & c5tre-bit4 ,! way = ! c5tre-bit mu/ be prep>$ by us+ a small-siz$ p9-bit4 ,! wood mu/ be laid p]fectly flat1 ! brace & bit held p]fectly p]p5dicul>1 only a little pressure appli$ ^u ! knob & ! crank turn$ sl[ly4 ,! bor+ mu/ be done half way ?r\gh f ea* side ( ! wood1 & ?is w lib]ate a disc ( wood #a in* 9 diamet]1 or #a-a_/d in*1 accord+ to ! size ( ! c5tre-bit4 7#e7 ,!re is a little in/rum5t sold call$ a circle-cutt] 7price1 #bs471 design$ = cutt+ small circul> pieces ( wood f sat9 walnut bo>d4 ,x is s con/ruct$ t x w cut circles ( any size up to #e in*es 9 diamet]4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is difficult = *ildr5 to use4 7#f7 ,= l>ge :eels or table-tops a circle c be drawn 9 a squ>e1 ! corn]s sawn (f1 ! obtuse corn]s sawn (f aga9 & !n fil$ p]fectly r\nd4 ,?is is r a labori\s me?od1 b q successful4 ,holes c be made 9 ! c5tre ) a bradawl & enl>g$ ) a r\nd file4 7#g7 ,c>dbo>d ,:eels4 ,:eels c be cut out ( c>dbo>d ) scissors & p5-knife 7! latt] is necess>y only if ! spokes are to be cut out74 ,if sev]al c>dbo>d :eels ( ! same size are gumm$ toge!r1 a :eel /rong en\gh = any toy 9 ?is book c be made4 ,! edges c be fil$ to make !m p]fectly ev54 ,c>dbo>d wa%]s prev5t ! :eels f wobbl+4 7#h7 ,! fret-saw 7see ,"p ,,ii7 is v useful = mak+ :eels4 7#i7 ,! wood5 tops ( gloy bottles make v good :eels inde$ 7especially = motor-c>s74 ,!y are ready = use at once1 z !y h a hole 9 ! c5tre4 ,also ! t9 tops ( ,le ,page's liquid glue make excell5t small :eels2 a hole c easily be made 9 ! c5tre by means ( a hamm] & a long nail or ! p9 /opp] ( a tube ( seccot9e4 7#aj7 ,:eels c be b\ght4 ,a %eet ( f\r :eels co/s a p5ny4 ,?is is ! lea/ satisfactory c\rse4 ,( ! v>i\s ways ( mak+ :eels describ$ above1 ! me?ods be/ suit$ to little ones are 7#a71 7#c71 7#f71 7#g71 & 7#i74 ,! axles %\ld be n>r[ /rips ( wood1 ) ! ends r\nd$4 ,r\nd rods d n make good axles1 because !y _c be fa/5$ securely to ! bottom ( ! vehicle1 ! nail+ be+ a difficult matt] = ! *ildr54 ,9 fa/5+ ! axles to vans1 c>ts1 etc41 !re is no ne$ = block ,a 7,fig4 #aig72 ! latt] is only introduc$ :5 ! :eels h to be "u ! vehicle2 9 o!r cases ! axle c be glu$ & nail$ directly to ! bottom4 ,col\r+ ! ,f9i%$ ,toy4 ,a well-made toy is beautiful )\t pa9t1 :i* is (t5 us$ m]ely to hide bad "w & give a false appe>ance ( f9i%4 ,*ildr5 g5]ally l ! wood5 toys1 :i* !y h made1 uncol\r$1 until ! gr[n-up p]son sugge/s pa9t4 ,h[ev]1 "s toys %\ld be col\r$2 = example1 ! sw++ animals describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xx4 ,if ! wood has be5 well s&-pap]$ wat]-col\r pa9ts c be us$4 ,old] *ildr5 c use oil pa9ts or p5ny t9s ( enamel4 ,b let ! *ildr5 realise ! beauty ( pla9 wood2 ! drawbridge 9 ,"p ,,ii is f> m effective 9 :ite wood1 ) ! /ones m>k$ out 9 p5cil or crayon1 ?an if pa9t$4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,m]ry-,,g-,,r\nd1 ,,sw++ ,,boats1 ,,& ,,great ,,:eel ,a toy *ildr5 delight to make is ! ,m]ry-g-r\nd 7,plate ,v74 ,x has be5 made successfully by *ildr5 f six to twelve4 ,a squ>e piece ( /\t c>dbo>d 7#aj-;in* side7 =ms ! bottom2 ?is c be cov]$ ) br[n pap] or col\r$ pap]4 ,a reel is glu$ 9 ! middle4 ,into ?is reel a /ick 7ab\t #aa in*es long7 is fa/5$ securely4 ,ano!r piece ( c>dbo>d is cut r\nd 7diamet]1 #aj in*es71 & has a reel glu$ 9 ! middle2 ?is reel fits on ! top ( ! /ick & mu/ turn freely4 ,if ! /ick is squ>e ! top mu/ be r\nd$ to fit ! reel4 ,a h&le = turn+ ! top c be made f a reel1 a piece ( cork fil$ r\nd or a piece ( wood4 ,cork horses1 six or eight 9 numb]1 are made z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,pap] b&s ( v>i\s col\rs are gumm$ r\nd ! middle ( ea* horse4 ,^! horses are fa/5$ to ! top disc by pieces ( cane1 :i* may be gumm$ into ! top disc1 or simply pass$ ?r\gh ! holes & b5t ov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aih ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aii ,pap] boys & girls c be cut out to ride on ! horses4 ,!y w sit on q /eadily if cut out z 9 ,fig4 #aii4 ,a piece ( pap] is fold$ 9 two along ,a ,b1 & a little sailor boy drawn2 ! figure is cut out1 ! two halves rema9+ jo9$ along ,c ,d4 ,bo? sides %\ld be suitably col\r$4 ,! figure w be f\nd to h f\r h&s2 "o rais$ "o on "o side1 & "o l[] "o on ! o!r1 %\ld be cut away4 ,! heads are !n gumm$ toge!r4 ,:5 plac$ on horseback ! sailor may h 8 arms fold$ r\nd ! cane4 ,little girls 9 sun-bonnets c be cut out 9 ! same way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bjj ,fig4 #aih %[s a v simple m]ry-g-r\nd made by a l>ge class1 & m suit$ to ! "w ( a l>ge =m ?an ! fir/ "o describ$4 ,two squ>e pieces ( c>dbo>d 7#c-a_/b-;in* sides7 =m ! top & bottom4 ,small reels are glu$ on z 9 ! fir/ m]ry-g-r\nd4 ,f\r pieces ( /\t cane are pu%$ into holes 9 ! top piece ( c>dbo>d1 & ! bottom ( ea* piece ( cane is split s t x holds a horse cut out ( pap]4 ,! *ildr5 !mselves w ?9k ( v>i\s ways ( alt]+ & improv+ ?is toy4 ,fig4 #bjj %[s h[ mat*-boxes may be hung r\nd = c>s2 mat*-boxes & horses may also be hung alt]nately4 ,! *ildr5 delight 9 decorat+ ! top ( _! m]ry-g-r\nd & ! /ick ) col\r$ pap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bja ,old] *ildr5 7n9e to twelve7 l to make ! bottom & top ( wood2 9 ?is case ! top may be octagonal 9 %ape4 ,! c5tral pill>1 in/ead ( be+ support$ by a reel1 c !n be fa/5$ z 9 ,fig4 #bja1 by f\r triangul> supports 7( :i* only two are %[n74 ,sw++ ,boats 7,plate ,,vi74 ,?is is ano!r simple & effective toy t little ones c make & play )4 ,! wood5 /& c only be made by *ildr5 ( eight & old]2 a simpl] /& c h a c>dbo>d bottom1 ! supports be+ reels1 ! po/s /ripwood 7#a_/d #a_/d71 s&-pap]$ to fit reels1 & ! cross-beam a /rip ( c>dbo>d ) holes 9 x4 ,! boats are mat*-boxes4 ,f\r /rips ( ?ick pap]1 all equal 9 l5g? 7a little long] ?an ! mat*-box71 are cut out & gumm$ inside ! box1 z ,a ,b1 ,c ,d1 etc41 9 ,fig4 #bjb4 ,a mat* /ick1 ,h1 passes ?r\gh ^! /rips ( pap] :]e !y cross & projects on ea* side4 ,pieces ( ?read are ti$ to ea* end ( ! project+ ends4 ,^! ?reads fa/5 ! c> to ! cross-beam4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v ,a ,,m]ry-,,g-,,r\nd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bjb ,pap] seats %\ld be put 9 ! box2 x c be cov]$ ) col\r$ pap]1 & ! /rips ,a ,b1 ,e ,f1 etc41 ei!r *alk$ or cov]$ ) col\r$ pap]4 ,! *ildr5 delight 9 mak+ & decorat+ ^! sw++ boats1 & !n sw++ little dolls4 ,a ,great ,:eel 7,plate ,,vi74 ,two circul> pieces ( c>dbo>d are glu$ to a l>ge reel2 f\r mat* /icks are fa/5$ into holes opposite ea* o!r1 & to ^! mat*-boxes are atta*$1 z expla9$ 9 ! previ\s toy4 ,a r\nd rod or wood5 skew] passes ?r\gh ! reel & ?r\gh two holes drill$ 9 ! wood5 supports ( ! /&4 ,a slight t\* w set ! :eel sp9n+4 ,be=e putt+ ! :eel toge!r1 ! sides may be pa9t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bjc ,fig4 #bjc %[s ano!r possible %ape = ! top ( ! supports4 ,?is holl[ c be q easily fil$ out ) a r\nd file4 ,old] *ildr5 might l to make a pulley1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bjd1 by means ( :i* ! :eel c be turn$4 ,! pulley :eels1 ,a & ,b1 are ea* made ( ?ree c>dbo>d circles gumm$ toge!r1 ! inn] "o1 9 bo? cases1 be+ ( small] diamet]4 ,a is glu$ to axle ,f ,g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bjd ,a small] axle1 ,j ,h1 is fix$ into a hole 9 ! support l[] d[n4 ,a hole is made 9 ! :eel1 ,b1 into :i* a mat* is glu$ = a h&le4 ,b mu/ turn freely on ! axle1 ,j ,h1 & is prev5t$ f slipp+ (f by a nail driv5 ?r\gh ! axle4 ,a small ela/ic b& connects ! two :eels4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,fly+ ,,air%ips1 ,,gondolas1 ,,& ,,birds 7,,plate ,,vi7 ,^! toys are made 9 a some:at simil> mann] to ! m]ry-g-r\nd4 ,get a l>ge reel 7diamet] ab\t #a-a_/b in*es74 ,next saw a piece ( /ripwood1 ,a ,b1 #a_/d #a_/d #ab-a_/d4 ,glue & nail to ! ends ( ?is cross-pieces ( ! same /ripwood1 #d-a_/b in*es long4 ,make holes = nails ) a f9e drill1 o!rwise ! /ripwood may split4 ,glue & nail ,a ,b across ! top ( ! reel z 9 ,fig4 #bje4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bje ,cut two pieces ( /ripwood1 #a_/d #a_/d #f4 ,glue & nail cross-pieces #d-a_/d in*es long to "o end ( ea* ( ^!4 ,glue & nail !m to ! reel z 9 figure4 ,next glue & nail ano!r l>ge reel to ! c5tre ( a bo>d ab\t #d in*es by #e-c_/d in*es4 ,get a d[el rod t w fit ! reels 7diamet] ab\t #a_/d in*71 or file ! ends ( a squ>e /ick to fit2 ?is c5tral pill> %\ld be ab\t #ac in*es high4 ,glue ?is pill> into ! reel on ! bo>d & fit ! o!r reel ) ! cross-pieces on ! top ( ! pill>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bjf ,! c>s mu/ next be made2 !y w hang by two /r+s f ! ends ( ! cross-pieces 7,fig4 #bjf74 ,grooves may be fil$ r\nd ! ends ( ! cross-pieces = ty+ ! cotton1 or holes c be drill$ 9 ! ends be=e ! cross-pieces are fa/5$ on4 ,! c>s are made ( pap]1 c>dbo>d or wood4 ,fig4 #bjg %[s ! patt]n ( a c>4 ,x %\ld be #d-a_/b in*es long & #b in*es wide4 ,! dott$ l9es %[ :]e ! pap] is to be b5t1 or 9 ! case ( c>dbo>d half cut & b5t4 ,! wid? ( ! bottom ( ! c> is #b in*es1 ! ro( #b-c_/d in*es2 ?is all[s = b5d+1 & makes a curv$ ro(4 ,! doors c be made to meet if desir$2 9 ?is case ea* door w be #a in* wide4 ,five1 f\r or ?ree w9d[s may be cut 9 ! sides1 & w9d[s 9 ! doors4 ,pap] seats may be fitt$ inside4 ,to hang ! c> a rod is cut1 ab\t #e in*es long1 ,e ,f 9 ,fig4 #bjf1 & grooves are fil$ at ea* end4 ,?is is glu$ to ! top ( ! c>1 ) ! ends project+4 ,pieces ( cotton atta* ! beam ,e ,f to ! cross-piece4 7,l5g? ( cotton1 ab\t #g in*es47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bjg ,a reel may be glu$ on ! top ( ! arms = turn+ ! air%ips2 cotton may be w\nd r\nd ?is1 & :5 pull$ causes ! c>s to revolve4 ,into ! hole ( ! top reel may be ins]t$ a /ick be>+ a flag4 ,pa9t ! c>s accord+ to ta/e4 ,:5 ! top reel is set sp9n+ ! c>s fly r\nd & outw>d 9 a delightful mann]1 gradually return+ to a v]tical position z ! spe$ less5s4 ,gondolas4 ,= ! c>s gondolas may be sub/itut$1 z 9 ,fig4 #bjh4 ,^! gondolas =m simple & effective pap] toys1 ev5 if n atta*$ to revolv+ arms4 ,draw on /\t pap] or c>dbo>d & cut out ! two sides1 ,a ,a1 z 9 ,fig4 #bjh4 ,! total l5g? ( ! boat %\ld be #i in*es4 ,next draw a l9e on a piece ( pap]1 a b 9 ,fig4 #bji1 ! same l5g? z a b 9 ,fig4 #bjh4 ,divide ! l9e into ?ree p>ts at c & d4 a c repres5ts ! l5g? a c 9 ,fig4 #bjh2 c d 7n %[n to scale71 ! l5g? ( ! cab9 c d4 ,if ! full l5g? ( ! gondola is #i in*es1 ! l5g? a b w be ab\t #h-a_/b in*es1 & ! l5g? a c %\ld be #c in*es2 ?is makes ! l5g? ( ! cab91 c d1 ab\t #a-c_/d in*es4 ,draw two l9es at c & d at "r angles to a b4 ,make e f & g h 7,fig4 #bji7 equal to ! wide/ "p ( ! gondola4 7,if ! l5g? ( #i in*es has be5 decid$ on1 ! wid? ( ! gondola %\ld be #a-a_/d in*es47 ,complete triangles a f e & g b h z 9 ,fig4 #bji2 draw flanges z 9 diagram & cut out4 ,two o!r triangles exactly ! same size ) flanges w be requir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bjh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bji ,n[ fa/5 toge!r ! b[s1 ,b1 & ! /]ns1 ,c1 ( ! sides1 ,a ,a 7,fig4 #bjh71 ) seccot9e1 tak+ c>e t no gum comes bel[ ! l9e a b4 ,gum ! triangle a f e 7,fig4 #bji7 to ! sides1 ,a ,a1 z 9 ,fig4 #bjh4 ,po9t a mu/ come at ! v end ( ! sides ,a1 & ! surface ( a f e =ms ! deck4 ,gum triangle g h b to ! sides1 ,a1 9 ! same way 7,fig4 #bjh74 ,n[ gum ! o!r two triangles to ! bottom ( ! gondola4 ,_! apexes w probably come at ab\t ,k & ,m 9 ,fig4 #bjh4 ,! positions ( ^! po9ts c be det]m9$ by f9d+ out at :at spot ! triangle br+s ! sides ,a ,a closely toge!r2 try to keep !m z f> f ends a & b z possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sw++ ,,boats ,,& ,,great ,,:eel 7,*apt] ,,xiv7 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi ,,fly+ ,,gondolas1 ,,etc4 ,! space left betwe5 ! two bottom triangles has a piece ( pap] gumm$ ov] x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #baj ,fig4 #baj %[s ! %ape ( ! cab9 & ! measurem5ts requir$ = a cab9 = a gondola ( #i in*es4 ,f\r gondolas %\ld be made4 ,!y %\ld be pa9t$ black & r$1 or black & yell[1 accord+ to ta/e4 ,! gondolas are hung f cross-pieces1 l ! air%ips1 b ! arms %\ld be #ab-a_/b in*es1 & ! cross-pieces #i in*es2 ! /r+s mu/ be ( diff]5t l5g?s1 s9ce ! b[ is high] ?an ! /]n4 ,seats may be put 9 ! cab9s if desir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #baa ,fly+ ,birds4 ,cut f\r arms z = ! gondolas 7/ripwood #a_/d #a_/d w d71 drill small holes at "o end1 glue & nail !m to a reel4 ,cut f\r %ort arms #c-a_/b in*es & glue !m on betwe5 ! long arms z 9 ,fig4 #baa4 ,! birds are made ( c>dbo>d & corks4 ,! birds f ! long arms %\ld hang l[ d[n1 & ! birds f ! %ort arms high] up4 ,cane may be us$ = hang+ ! birds to ! arms4 ,! out] circle may be hung ) sea-gulls 7,fig4 #bab71 & ! inn] circle ) swall[s 7,fig4 #bac71 or all ! birds may be swall[s4 ,:5 ! reel is turn$ quickly ! birds 9 flight are v effective4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bab ,fig4 #bab %[s h[ ! sea-gull is made out ( a cork & f\r pieces ( c>dbo>d 7"o = ! head1 two = ! w+s1 "o = ! tail74 ,pa9t ! cork :ite1 pa9t eyes & a beak1 m>k a few fea!rs on ! w+s4 ,figs4 #bac1 #bad1 #bae %[ h[ ! swall[ is made4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bac ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #bad1 #bae ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,fire-,,eng9e1 ,,motor-,,lorry1 ,,& ,,/eam-,,roll] 7,,plate ,,vii7 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #baf ,a ,fire-eng9e 7,fig4 #baf74 ,= ?is toy two c>dbo>d boxes are requir$1 "o ab\t #f #b #b1 ,a 9 ,fig4 #baf1 & ! o!r1 ,b1 #c #b #b4 ,! c>dbo>d case t conta9s ,le ,page's glue is a suitable size = ,b4 ,make holes ?r\gh bo? sides ( ,a1 ab\t #a in* f "o end1 = ! axle ( ! l>ge :eels1 & holes ?r\gh ,b at ,k & ,j = ! pieces ( cane t support ! ladd]s4 ,gum ,b to ,a & cov] bo? ) r$ pap]4 ,d is "p ( a r\nd mantle-box1 & ! funnel1 ,e1 a roll ( pap]4 ,bo? are col\r$ yell[1 ,f is a piece ( /ripwood1 #a_/b in* by #a_/d in*1 cut ! "r l5g? & glu$ to ,b & to two supports1 ,h4 ,a simil> piece is fa/5$ on ! o!r side4 ,^! are = ! firem5 to /& on4 ,!y may be left _! natural col\r or col\r$ grey4 ,! seat1 ,c1 is a piece ( /ripwood1 #a_/b in* by #a_/b in*1 ) a pap] back1 & ,l ,m are mat* /icks glu$ to ! sides4 ,g1 ! foot-re/1 is made ( c>dbo>d & fa/5$ to box1 ,b1 by two w$ge-%ap$ pieces ( wood4 ,! ladd]s are made ( /rips ( c>dbo>d1 ) half mat*es z rungs4 ,n is a piece ( c>dbo>d gumm$ und]nea? ,a & project+ f x #a_/b in* = ! fireman's /&4 ,?is /&1 seat1 foot-re/1 ladd]s1 etc41 %\ld be col\r$ r$4 ,! small :eel is ab\t #b in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! diamet] ( ! l>ge :eel c be measur$ :5 ! small] :eels are 9 position4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bag ,a ,motor-lorry 7,fig4 #bag74 ,! f\ndation is a piece ( /\t c>dbo>d or wood4 ,a is an op5 box gumm$ to ?is1 & cov]$ ) pap]1 suitably col\r$4 ,b is "p ( a box cut z 9 figure & gumm$ to ,a4 ,inside ,b a wood5 seat1 ,d1 is fix$4 ,c is a small] box1 gumm$ upside d[n4 ,! size ( ! lorry w dep5d ^u ! boxes procurable4 ,x c also be made ( wood1 9 :i* case ! w9d[s1 ,d & ,e1 & ! curv$ portion ( ,b c be cut out ) a fret-saw 7see ,"p ,,ii74 ,bo? ?is toy & ! fire-eng9e look v effective made ( wood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii ,,fire-,,eng9e1 ,,motor-,,lorry ,,& ,,/eam-,,roll] ,a ,/eam-roll] 7,fig4 #bah74 ,fig4 #bai %[s ! f\ndation ( ! /eam-roll]1 ,a ,b1 ,c ,d1 etc41 are pieces ( /ripwood1 #a_/d in* by #a_/d in*4 ,! front roll] is made ( a small mantle-box ab\t #b-e_/h in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! cov] is glu$ on1 holes are made at ea* end & a r\nd1 wood5 axle pass$ ?r\gh4 ,! ends ( ! axle %\ld be fil$ flat z 9 ,fig4 #bbj1 s t ,a & ,c 7,fig4 #bai7 c be glu$ to !m4 ,! roll] may be pa9t$ black4 ,cut a piece ( c>dbo>d1 #f-a_/b in*es by #d-a_/d in*es4 ,b5d ?is r\nd s t x fits betwe5 ,a ,b & ,c ,d 7,fig4 #bai72 place ! roll] 9 position1 m>k ) p5cil ! portions ( c>dbo>d t cov] ! roll] & cut ^! (f 7see ! %ad$ p>ts 9 ,fig4 #bba74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bah ,fig4 #bbb %[s ! con/ruction f c>dbo>d ( ! "p ( ! cab m>k$ ,g 9 ,fig4 #bah4 ,half cuts are made along ! dott$ l9es2 ! axle ( ! side :eels passes ?r\gh ! op5+s ,x & ,y4 ,fig4 #bbc %[s ! "p ( ! cab m>k$ ,h 9 ,fig4 #bah4 ,next cut a /rip ( wood1 #d-a_/d #a_/d #a_/d1 = an axle = ! side :eels1 & r\nd ! ends2 ! :eels are #c in*es 9 diamet]4 ,fa/5 ^! to ! axle4 ,n[ glue ! ends ( ! axle = ! front roll] to ,a & ,c4 ,:ile ?is is dry+ col\r ! c>dbo>d p>ts ( ! eng9e d>k gre54 ,b5d ,j 7,fig4 #bba7 & glue ?is "p to ! inn] sides ( ,a ,b & ,c ,d4 ,cov] ! "p m>k$ ,k 7,fig4 #bah7 ) pap]2 ! "p und]nea? ,k may rema9 uncov]$4 ,glue ! axle ( ! side :eels 9 position beh9d ,j1 ) j suffici5t space = ,g to slip 9 betwe5 ! eng9e & ! axle4 ,:5 ! axle is secure glue ,g & ,h 9 position2 ,g is glu$ to ! inn] sides ( ,d ,c & ,b ,a1 ,h is glu$ to ! inn] sides ( blocks ,e & ,f4 ,! supports1 ,o & ,n 7,fig4 #bah71 are #d-a_/b #a_/d #a_/d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bai ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bbj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bba ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bbb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bbc ,m & ,l are #d-a_/d #a_/d #a_/d4 ,^! supports are #a_/d in* %ort]1 z !y /& on ! axle ( ! side :eels4 ,! ro( is ( c>dbo>d col\r$ gre54 ,q is a c>dbo>d :eel glu$ to ,l1 & jo9$ to ! dome by a /rip ( c>dbo>d1 ,t1 b5t z 9 ,fig4 #bbc4 a is ins]t$ into a slit 9 ! cork1 & b is gumm$ to ! :eel4 ,! /eps1 ,r1 are made ( /iff pap]4 ,! funnel & ! dome are made ( corks4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,gipsy ,,c>avan ,,& ,,ba?+ ,,ma*9e ,! f\ndation ( ! ,c>avan is a piece ( wood or c>dbo>d1 #f-c_/d in*es by #d in*es4 ,! sides are made ( /iff pap] or c>dbo>d4 ,= ea* ( ! long sides draw a rectangle1 #f in*es by #d-a_/b in*es1 & to ea* side add #a_/b-;in* flanges4 ,make ! two ends z foll[s3 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bbd ,draw ,e ,f 7,fig4 #bbe7 #d in*es1 m>k (f ,e ,k & ,f ,l #a_/b in* ea*2 erect p]p5dicul>s ,k ,o & ,l ,p2 ) ,e z c5tre & radius1 #d-a_/b in*es 7i4e4 height ( side ,a 9 ,fig4 #bbd7 cut ,k ,o at ,g1 f9d po9t ,h 9 ! same way1 jo9 ,g ,e & ,h ,f4 ,f9d ,m1 ! c5tre ( ,e ,f2 ) ,m z c5tre & radius ,m ,g describe an arc f ,g to ,h4 ,m>k flanges along ! top1 ,g ,h1 to :i* ! ro( c be gumm$1 & a flange at ! bottom4 ,9 front & at ! sides draw & col\r ! w9d[s1 :i* may be made to op54 ,at ! back cut out a door 7,fig4 #bbf74 ,col\r ! sides a light br[n4 ,fa/5 up ! c>avan by ! flanges2 ! base projects #c_/d in* at ! front4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bbe ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bbf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bbg ,! ro( is made ( br[n pap] & %\ld be cut to project ab\t #a_/d in* ov] ! sides & end ( ! c>avan4 ,x is !n gumm$ to ! flanges4 ,! *imney is a roll ( br[n pap]4 ,! :eels %\ld be at lea/ #b in*es 9 diamet]4 ,/eps c be made ( c>dbo>d & pap]1 z 9 ,fig4 #bbg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bbh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bbi ,a ,ba?+ ,ma*9e 7,fig4 #bbh74 ,?is is simil> to ! ,noah's ,ark4 ,! measurem5ts are z foll[s3 ,base1 #d in*es by #c in*es2 sides1 #d in*es by #d-a_/b in*es4 ,measurem5ts = ! ends are giv5 9 ,fig4 #bbi4 ,! ro( %\ld be cut to project ab\t #a_/d in* ov] ! sides & end ( ! ma*9e4 ,cut a door 9 "o end4 ,pa9t ! ma*9e 9 r$ & :ite /ripes1 m>k ! w9d[s on ea* side & a numb] 9 front4 ,! :eels %\ld be ab\t #a-a_/b in*es 9 diamet]4 ,/eps may be add$4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,a ,,tra9 ,,& ,,railway ,,/ation 7,,plate ,,viii7 ,a ,tra94 7#a7 ,! ,eng9e 7,fig4 #bcj74 ,! body ( ! eng9e1 ,a1 is a long mantle-box or a piece ( old curta9 pole1 ab\t #d-a_/b in*es long4 ,! wood5 bottom1 ,b ,c1 is #f-a_/b in*es by #b-a_/d in*es4 ,a is glu$ to ,b ,c & kept 9 position by wood5 blocks1 ,e & ,f4 ,! funnel & ! dome are made f corks or pieces ( r\nd wood2 _! ends mu/ be slightly concave1 s t !y may fit securely to ,a4 ,a r+ ( c>dbo>d is gumm$ to ! top ( ! funnel1 :i* may h a hole 9 x to take a piece ( cotton-wool = smoke4 ,! rim ( ! funnel & ! dome are col\r$ yell[4 ,! boil] c be cov]$ ) d>k gre5 or d>k r$ pap]4 ,! buff]s are pieces ( r\nd rod1 to :i* c>dbo>d discs are gumm$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bcj ,! cab is made ( c>dbo>d1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #bca1 & is col\r$ to mat* ! eng9e4 ,g ,k ,l ,m is gumm$ to ! back ( ,a 7,fig4 #bcj71 & its sides are fa/5$ to ! footplate by ! flanges4 ,fig4 #bcb %[s ! ro( ( ! cab2 ! l5g?1 ,n ,o1 is equal to ! arc1 ,g ,h ,k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bca ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bcb ,! :eels %\ld be ab\t #a-a_/b in*es 9 diamet] & are fa/5$ und]nea? ,b ,c1 z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,/rips ( c>dbo>d1 col\r$ black 7,d 9 ,fig4 #bcj71 are glu$ to ! wood5 blocks beh9d ! :eels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bcc 7#b7 ,! ,t5d] 7,fig4 #bcc7 c be made 9 v>i\s ways4 ,! bottom is be/ made ( wood1 #d in*es by #b-a_/d in*es4 ,! sides may be made ( wood1 #d in*es by #a-a_/b in*es2 ! back mu/ be cut to fit exactly betwe5 ! sides4 ,:5 ! back & ! sides are glu$ 9 position two w$ge-%ap$ blocks may be glu$ into ! corn]s = /r5g?4 ,! buff]s & ! :eels z 9 ! eng9e4 ,! sides ( ! t5d] may also be cut out ( "o piece ( c>dbo>d & fa/5$ to ! bottom by flanges4 ,x %\ld be col\r$ to mat* ! eng9e4 ,pieces ( cork dipp$ 9 ink make reali/ic coal4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bcd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bce ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bcf 7#c7 ,a ,cattle ,truck 7,fig4 #bcd74 ,! f\ndation is a piece ( wood1 #d in*es by #b-a_/d in*es4 ,! sides may be cut f "o piece ( c>dbo>d 7,fig4 #bce7 & col\r$ to repres5t b>s1 z 9 ,fig4 #bcd4 ,x may also be made ( wood z foll[s3 ,cut eight ?9 /rips ( wood1 #d-a_/b in*es by #a_/d in*1 ,a ,b ,c ,d1 etc41 & eight pieces #a-c_/d in*es by #a_/d1 ,j ,k ,l ,m 9 ,fig4 #bcd4 ,! pieces are glu$ toge!r to =m ! sides1 z 9 ,fig4 #bcf4 ,! l5g? ( ! cross-b>1 ,x1 c be obta9$ by measur+ ! di/ance betwe5 ,y & ,z4 ,glue ! sides to ! bottom & to ea* o!r4 ,w$ges may be glu$ 9 ! corn]s = /r5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bcg 7#d7 ,a ,c>riage 7,fig4 #bcg74 ,! bottom is ( wood1 #d-a_/b in*es by #b-a_/d in*es4 ,! c>riage is made ( c>dbo>d1 on ! same pr9ciple z ! cattle truck1 accord+ to ! measurem5ts giv5 9 ,fig4 #bcg4 ,! upp] "p ( ! door may be cut out & ! l[] "p be made to op54 ,! w9d[s may be cut out or col\r$ ) light blue p5cil4 ,! int]ior %\ld be col\r$ or cov]$ ) pap] to repres5t uphol/]+1 etc4 ,be=e fa/5+ ! c>dbo>d to ! bottom1 glue to ! corn]s ( ! bottom small blocks ( wood1 #a in* high1 z supports = ! c>dbo>d seats1 :i* %\ld be gumm$ across !m & be suitably col\r$4 ,cut ! c>dbo>d = ! top & leave flanges = fa/5+ x to ! ends ( ! c>riage4 ,! top & ! ends are col\r$ black or d>k br[n4 ,a little piece ( r\nd wood or cork1 col\r$ black1 is gumm$ to ! top = a lamp4 ,! /ep is made ( /iff br[n pap]4 ,small screw eyes are screw$ 9 ! ends ( ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! tra91 :i* c be l9k$ toge!r by wire loops4 ,a ,railway ,/ation4 ,?is /ation is a suitable size = ! tra9 already describ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tra9 ,,& ,,/ation1 ,,signal-,,box ,,& ,,signal 7,"p ,,ii1 ,*apt] ,,xii7 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii ,,r$ ,,cross ,,motor ,,& ,,taxi-,,cabs 7,*apt] ,,xix & ,"p ,,ii1 ,*apt] ,,iii7 ,a 7,fig4 #bch7 is a piece ( wood or c>dbo>d1 ab\t #b feet by #h in*es1 /&+ on supports made ( two mat*-boxes gumm$ toge!r4 ,b & ,c are pieces ( c>dbo>d fa/5$ by flanges to ,a4 ,d is a piece ( c>dbo>d gumm$ to supports ,e & ,f to cov] ! holl[ 9 front2 ?is & ! plat=m may be suitably col\r$4 ,! rail+s are ( c>dbo>d & are fa/5$ to a piece simil> to ,d4 ,adv]tisem5ts may be cut f pap]s & fa/5$ to ! po/s beh9d ! rail+s2 also ! "n ( ! /ation 9 ! same way 7see ,plate ,,viii74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bch ,! ,ticket-,(fice & ,wait+-,room is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bci4 ,?is may be made f a c>dbo>d box ( suitable size1 or f c>dbo>d 7accord+ to ! measurem5ts giv574 ,! b> be=e ! ticket-(fice is made ( mat* /icks4 ,tram tickets =m good adv]tisem5ts = ! walls4 ,additions to /ation3 7#a7 ,port]'s truck4 ,see ,*apt] ,v4 7#b7 ,milk-cans4 ,corks cov]$ ) silv] pap]4 ,see ,*apt] ,v4 7#c7 ,fl[]-pots4 ,a cork fil$ ! "r %ape & pa9t$ is us$4 ,! %rubs are cut out ( c>dbo>d1 col\r$ & fa/5$ into a slit 9 ! cork 7,fig4 #bdj74 7#d7 ,lamp-po/s 7,fig4 #bda74 ,a piece ( r\nd rod is plac$ 9 a reel or a cork to make x /&4 ,! lamp is cut out ( /iff pap]1 col\r$ z 9 ! diagram1 & is ins]t$ 9 a slit at ! top ( ! rod4 ,a small piece ( cane is pass$ ?r\gh a hole ne> ! top = ! cross b>4 7#e7 ,b5*es & seats ( v>i\s k9ds may be made f c>dbo>d4 7#f7 ,figures ( m51 wom51 etc41 may be cut f illu/rat$ pap]s & a /rip ( c>dbo>d gumm$ beh9d !m to make !m /& upright4 7#g7 ,small boxes ( v>i\s k9ds may be plac$ on ! plat=m = luggage4 ,9 c\ntry di/ricts1 :]e ! /ation build+s are ( a simple design1 ! *ildr5 may be enc\rag$ to make sket*es ( ^!1 & to br+ to ! models describ$ above su* modifications z are to be f\nd 9 _! own locality4 ,9 ,"p ,,ii 7,*apt] ,,xii7 models ( work+ signals & a signal-box are describ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bci ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bdj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bda ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,r$ ,,cross ,,motor ,,& ,,taxi-,,cab 7,,plate ,,viii7 ,r$ ,cross ,motor4 ,beg9 ) a piece ( wood #f-a_/b #d #a_/h4 ,glue & nail to ?is two pieces ( /ripwood1 #a_/b #a_/d #d-a_/d1 ,a ,b & ,c ,d 9 ,fig4 #bdb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bdb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bdc ,next cut out a piece ( wood #d in*es by #b in*es 7a piece ( cig>-box w d = ?is1 or a piece ( /\t c>dbo>d7--,e 9 ,figs4 #bdb & #bdc4 ,saw out ! corn]s ,f & ,g1 s t ! piece ( wood ,e w fit betwe5 ! /rips ,c ,d & ,a ,b4 ,saw slits at ,h & ,k to hold ! c>dbo>d hood4 ,glue ,e 9 position z 9 ,fig4 #bdb4 ,a seat mu/ be plac$ 9 front ( ,e2 x %\ld measure ab\t #b-a_/d in*es by #e_/h in*1 & may be glu$ to a piece ( /ripwood1 #a_/b #a_/d #a-a_/b1 :i* is glu$ to ,e z 9 ,fig4 #bdc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bdd ,! bonnet is made ( two pieces ( /ripwood1 ,m & ,n1 #a_/b #a_/b #b-a_/b2 ^! are glu$ toge!r & glu$ on z 9 ,fig4 #bdb4 ,a piece ( wood1 ,p1 well smoo!d & ) edges r\nd$1 is glu$ ov] ,m & ,n4 ,r is a piece ( wood #d in*es by #a in*1 ) ! corn]s cut (f or r\nd$4 ,! hood is made ( a piece ( ?9 c>dbo>d1 #e in*es by #i-a_/d in*es1 cut z 9 ,fig4 #bdd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bde ,?is hood may be pa9t$ grey or khaki-col\r1 & a cross pa9t$ 9 r$ on ! sides1 or cut out ( r$ pap] & gumm$ on4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bdf ,! hood is glu$ inside ! /rips ( wood ,a ,b & ,c ,d 9 ,fig4 #bdb1 & fits into ! slits ,h & ,k 9 ,e4 ,= axles & :eels see ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,figs4 #bde & #bdf %[ ano!r k9d ( van1 made ( cane & br[n l954 ,a ,taxi-cab4 ,beg9 ) a piece ( wood1 #f in*es by #c in*es4 ,cut out two pieces ( c>dbo>d 7m$ium ?ickness71 #b-a_/b in*es by #b-a_/b in*es4 ,draw doors on !m & cut out z 9 ,fig4 #bdg4 ,^! pieces are pa9t$ ! col\r desir$ = ! taxicab4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bdg ,cut out a piece ( wood1 #b-a_/b in*es by #c in*es1 = ! back1 ,a ,b4 ,cut two blocks ( /ripwood1 #a_/b #a_/b #a 7,c 9 ,fig4 #bdh71 to be glu$ on to ! bottom to support ! seat & back1 ,a ,b4 ,:5 glue+ ^! blocks 9 position see t !y are ab\t #a_/h in* f ! end1 & n q close to ! edges4 ,if additional /r5g? is requir$ ^! blocks may be nail$ z well z glu$2 ! back1 ,a ,b1 is nail$ & glu$ to ^! blocks4 ,n[ cut two pieces ( /ripwood1 #a_/d #a_/d #b-a_/b4 ,glue ^! po/s #b-a_/b in*es f ! back1 ,a ,b 7,d ,e 9 ,fig4 #bdh74 ,n[ glue on ! sides4 ,side ,f is glu$ to po/ ,d ,e1 to block ,c & to back ,a ,b2 ! o!r side is glu$ 9 ! same way4 ,a c>dbo>d seat may be glu$ across ! blocks & pa9t$ ! col\r desir$ = ! int]ior4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bdh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bdi ,n[ to make ! front ( ! cab4 ,cut a piece ( c>dbo>d ( m$ium ?ickness1 #b-a_/b in*es by #c in*es1 ,g 9 ,fig4 #bej4 ,draw & cut out ! w9d[s 7! %ad$ portion ( ,fig4 #bej74 ,to ! bottom ( ,g glue a piece ( /ripwood1 ,h1 #a_/b in* by #a_/b in*1 leav+ a /rip ( c>dbo>d #a_/h in* wide on ea* side4 ,h is = ! driv]'s seat4 ,n[ glue ! front1 ,g1 to ! po/s ,e ,d 7,fig4 #bdh71 & ! block ,h to ! bottom4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bej ,two c>dbo>d seats1 cut z 9 ,fig4 #bea1 %\ld next be fa/5$ by pap] h+es to ! inside ( ,g4 ,to make ! top ( ! cab cut a piece ( c>dbo>d1 #d-a_/b in*es by #c in*es 7,fig4 #beb74 ,make a half cut along ,a ,b & b5d4 ,glue portion ,k to ! back ( ! c> ,a ,b1 & ,l to ! tops ( ! po/s ,e ,d & to ! sides ,f4 ,if necess>y a pap] h+e c be us$ to fa/5 ! top ,l to ! front ,g4 ,a c>dbo>d seat ab\t #a in* wide is glu$ to ! block ,h = ! driv]4 ,! sides ( ?is seat 7,m 9 ,fig4 #bdh7 are made ( pieces ( wood1 #a-a_/b #a #a_/h1 "o corn] be+ r\nd$ z 9 ! figure1 & !y are glu$ to ea* side ( ! block ,h4 ,two pieces ( cane %\ld be glu$ on ea* side & to ! ro(4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bea ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #beb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bec ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bed ,to make ! bonnet1 fir/ cut ! piece ( wood ,p1 #c in*es by #a-a_/h in*es 7,fig4 #bec74 ,two r\nd c>dbo>d discs1 ,r & ,s1 ) c5tres pa9t$ r$ are glu$ at ea* corn]4 ,next two pieces ( wood ! %ape ( ,q 9 ,figs4 #bdi & #bec are cut out4 ,"o piece1 ,r1 is glu$ to ,p1 & ,p is glu$ to ! bottom #a-a_/b in*es f ! front 7see ,fig4 #bdh74 ,! o!r piece1 ,q1 is glu$ 9 front4 ,a piece ( c>dbo>d1 #a-a_/b in*es by #c-a_/b in*es1 is cut z 9 ,fig4 #bed2 half cuts are made along ! dott$ l9es4 ,x is pa9t$ z 9 ! diagram4 ,?is piece ( c>dbo>d is b5t along ! dott$ l9es & glu$ r\nd ,q & ,r to =m ! bonnet4 ,two pieces ( wood1 #a_/d #a_/d #c_/d 7,s & ,t 9 ,fig4 #bec7 are glu$ 9 front on ea* side ( ! bonnet2 ^! h r\nd pieces ( c>dbo>d gumm$ to !m to repres5t lant]ns4 ,a numb] %\ld be glu$ beh9d & 9 front ( ! c> & a /e]+ :eel add$4 ,! :eels may be made ( wood or c>dbo>d2 diamet] ab\t #b in*es 7see ,*apt] ,,xiii74 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,sw++ ,,& ,,jo9t$ ,,animals 7,,plate ,,ix7 ,! peacock1 monkey1 & o!r animals ) long tails c be cut f c>dbo>d1 & by means ( lead buttons atta*$ to _! tails be made to sw+ reali/ically on a p]*4 ,x is difficult 9 "s animals to get ! balance correct & ! position natural4 ,if ! draw+s 9 ?is book are c>efully enl>g$ & ! lead buttons plac$ on ! spot 7,a7 indicat$1 !y w be f\nd to produce satisfactory animals4 ,!y look mo/ effective & move m readily :5 made f ?ree-ply wood ) ! fret-saw 7see ,"p ,,ii71 b ?is "w is beyond ! t5-ye>-old *ild4 ,*ildr5 ( t5 & y\ng] c1 h[ev]1 make !m q well ( c>dbo>d 7! ?ick] ! c>dbo>d1 provid+ ! *ildr5 c cut x ) scissors1 ! bett]74 ,a set made ( wood by ! tea*] w =m a delightful play?+ = v little ones1 & ev5 mat]ial = nature lessons4 ,! ,m\se 7,fig4 #bei7 %\ld be drawn on c>dbo>d1 cut out1 & bo? sides col\r$4 ,if grey c>dbo>d is us$1 eyes1 :isk]s1 etc41 c be drawn 9 sepia4 ,two lead buttons 7ab\t ! size ( halfp5nies7 are glu$ "o on ea* side ( ! tail 7at ,a72 pieces ( pap] %\ld !n be glu$ ov] ! buttons & pa9t$ to mat* ! tail4 ,*ildr5 w f9d x easi] to draw ^! animals if a piece ( c>dbo>d is giv5 !m on :i* ! animal to be drawn w j fit4 ,! col\r+ %\ld be z simple z possible to be effective4 ,! /& is simil> to t = ! sw++ boats1 b ) a r\nd$ b>1 on :i* ! "p ( ! animal m>k$ ,b w re/4 ,! ,cat 7,fig4 #bef71 enl>g$1 made m fi]ce-look+ & ) /ripes pa9t$ on x makes a v t]rify+ tig]1 ready to spr+4 ,! ,monkey 7,fig4 #bfe7 may h ano!r monkey sw++ f 8 tail1 & s on4 ,animals ) movable limbs c also be cut f ?ree-ply wood 7see ,"p ,,ii7 or c>dbo>d4 ,if cut f c>dbo>d ! v>i\s jo9ts are fa/5$ by small pap]-fa/5]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bee ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bef ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #beg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #beh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bei ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bfj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bfa ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bfb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bfc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bfd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bfe ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ix ,,sw++ ,,& ,,jo9t$ ,,animals ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bff ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bfg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bfh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bfi ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bgj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bga ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bgb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bgc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bgd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bge ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bgf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bgg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bgh ,to make ! ,elephant cut out two pieces ! %ape ( ,a = ! body 7,fig4 #bgi71 & make f\r holes 9 ea* piece z 9 ! diagram4 ,next1 cut out f\r legs1 & fa/5 two to ea* portion ( ! body by little pap]-fa/5]s1 !n cut out ! tail & fa/5 x betwe5 ! two pieces t =m ! body2 cut out two e>s & ! head2 "o fa/5] w hold ! e>s1 ! sides & ! head toge!r2 ! head is inside ! two bodies1 ! e>s outside4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bgi ,! ,giraffe 7,fig4 #bee7 c be made 9 a simil> way4 ,! ,butt]fly & ! ,dragon-fly 7,figs4 #bgd & #bge7 h _! w+s & feel]s cut out ( c>tridge pap] & gumm$ on to c>dbo>d bodies1 s t :5 ! animals sw+ _! w+s wave 9 a reali/ic mann]4 ,fig4 #bgg %[s h[ c>dbo>d ,crabs & ,lob/]s c be m\nt$ amid "u-sea surr\nd+s4 ,,"p ,,ii ,,*apt] ,i ,,additional ,,tools ,besides ! tools m5tion$ 9 ,"p ,i1 viz41 b5*-hook1 hamm]1 saw1 file1 bradawl1 p9c]s1 ! foll[+ additional tools w be f\nd ( s]vice1 ?\gh "s ( ^! are luxuries1 & g5]ally x is be/ to use z few z possible3 #a4 ,a l>g] saw1 = saw+ r\gh] & l>g] wood ?an /ripwood1 e4g4 a ,t5on ,saw1 l5g? #h to #af in*es2 #aj to #af po9ts to an in*1 price ab\t "o & n9ep5ce4 #b4 ,an ,ar*im$ean ,drill4 ,?is is useful = mak+ small holes :5 !re is dang] ( ! wood splitt+1 h[ev] :5 once ?is drill is us$1 ! work] nev] aga9 feels incl9$ to use a bradawl or any o!r k9d ( bor+ tool4 ,a q useful & effici5t drill c be b\ght = sixp5ce4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! drill bits or drill po9ts d n break1 = be+ q sl5d] & made ( temp]$ /eel !y are r fragile4 ,a set ( twelve drill po9ts 9 assort$ sizes 9 a metal case may be b\ght = sixp5ce4 7,= h9ts on ! use ( drill1 see "u fret-saw47 #c4 ,! ,cramp or clamp is a contrivance us$ = hold+ bo>ds toge!r4 ,an adju/able ,g cramp is a h&y article = small "w4 ,!re are sev]al models ( ,g cramps2 t %[n 9 ! plate co/s twop5ce4 #d4 ,a ,rasp or r\gh file = remov+ f boxes ei!r pap] or ! names t are sometimes /amp$ on !m4 #e4 ,brace & ,bit4 ,! smalle/-siz$ brace1 :i* has a sweep ( #e in*es1 is ! mo/ conv5i5t = *ildr54 ,bits are ( _m patt]ns4 ,! mo/ common =m is ! ,c5tre-bit :i* w cut holes f #c_/h in* to #a-a_/b in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! ,p9-bit or %ell-bit ( ! smalle/ bore is us$ to make small-siz$ holes = screws1 etc41 b m especially :5 mak+ prep>ation = us+ ! c5tre-bit4 ,a ,c5tre-bit #a-c_/d in*es 9 diamet] co/s n9ep5ce2 a brace & bit 7#c_/d in* diamet]7 toge!r co/s "o & ?reep5ce2 ?is latt] bit is useful = bor+ holes 9 :eels = axles1 etc4 ,h[ev] ! brace & bit is some:at ( a luxury & c be done )\t1 = holes made ) ! ,ar*im$ean drill c always be enl>g$ to ! requir$ size1 by means ( r\nd files & pati5ce4 #f4 ,! ,mitre-block is a piece ( bee*-wood c>efully squ>$ & rebat$ s z to pres5t ?r\gh\t its l5g? a rectangul> /ep-l recess 9 :i* ! wood to be mitr$ is plac$ 9 ord] to be cut at ! necess>y angle4 ,9 ! rais$ "p are ?ree saw k]fs1 two at an angle ( #de ) ! sides ( ! mitre-block & "o half-way betwe5 ^! at "r angles to ! sides4 ,! incl9ation ( ! saw-cuts at an angle ( #de is to ! "r & left respectively1 s t :5 ^! angles are br\ght toge!r 9 ! mitr$ jo9t !y may =m a p]fect "r angle 7#ij74 ,! mitre-block is a luxury1 b x is useful 9 squ>+ (f ! ends ( ! wood1 mak+ picture frames1 mak+ ! crane 7,*apt] ,v71 etc41 price sixp5ce4 ,a ,compass1 ,protractor1 ,rul]1 ,try-squ>e & well-%>p5$ ,p5cil w be f\nd useful 9 mak+ ne>ly e toy4 ,a ,plane is n necess>y = any ( ! toys describ$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s1 b is m5tion$ "h 9 case anyone %\ld require "o = r$uc+ ! ?ickness ( wood or /raight5+ a surface4 ,! mo/ economical "o is a ,jack-plane fitt$ ) a smoo?+-plane iron4 ,! ,jack-plane ?us equipp$ may be us$ = r$uc+ ?icknesses ( mat]ial 7?is is ! real function ( ! ,jack-plane7 z well z = plan+ up surfaces true & smoo? 7! purpose ( ! smoo?+-plane74 ,! ,jack-plane iron has its cutt+ edge slightly r\nd$ 9 ord] to g\ge out ! wood & ?us r$uce ?ickness quickly1 ! smoo?+-plane iron is gr\nd to a /raight edge4 ,if bo? ^! irons are b\ght1 ! plane becomes bo? a ,jack-& a smoo?+-plane4 ,! ,/anley ,bailey adju/able iron plane is a good "o4 ,no4 #e size1 #ad in*es long1 is recomm5d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,x ,,useful ,,tools #a4 ,fret-saw #b4 ',non-slip' safety rul] #c4 ,c>d knife 7,london patt]n7 #d4 ,craft knife #e4 ,g cramp #f4 ,r\nd-nose pli]s #g4 ,brass back metal saw #h4 ,mitre block #i4 ,t5on saw #aj4 ,ar*im$ean drill #aa4 ,try squ>e #ab4 ,file #ac4 ,bradawl #ad4 ,brace & bit #ae4 ,c>ton knife ,h[ev]1 z we h said be=e1 x c be done )\t4 ,! fir/ f\r tools are ! really necess>y ones4 ,! ,pres]vation ( ,tools4 ,keep tools 9 a dry atmosph]e 9 a wood5 box4 ,h !m in/antly dri$ aft] gr9d+ & :5ev] !y h be5 9 contact ) wet4 ,iron or /eel p>ts %\ld be frequ5tly rubb$ ov] ) a piece ( oily rag 7if grease is us$ x mu/ be free f salt74 ,a speck ( ru/ mu/ be remov$ at once ) f9e em]y-pap] & oil4 ,a g5]\s coat+ ( oil or vasel9e %\ld be giv5 :5 tools are laid aside = "s "t4 ,! ,%>p5+ ( ,tools4 ,*isels1 planes & knives are %>p5$ on oil/ones4 ,! ,lily-:ite & ! ,rosy-r$ ,wa%ita oil/ones are p]haps ! be/ natural /ones on ! m>ket4 ,) reg>d to ! oil us$1 ma*9e1 eng9e1 neat's foot & sweet oils are all suitable4 ,clean ! /one aft] use4 ,knives are %>p5$ at an angle on bo? sides1 & w !re=e h "o side rubb$ on ! /one a few times & w !n be turn$ ov] to rub ! o!r side4 ,p5-knives c be %>p5$ on ! ord9>y kit*5 knifebo>d4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,cap/an1 ,,dreadn\ght1 ,,l9] ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bhj ,saw a squ>e piece ( wood1 side #d-a_/c in*es1 ,a ,b ,c ,d 7,fig4 #bhj74 ,cut two o!rs1 sides #b-a_/b in*es4 ,saw ! corn]s ( ^! & make !m octagons4#a ,drill a hole ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ,e 7,fig4 #bha74 ,into ?is hole glue a wood5 meat skew] or r\nd rod t w pass ?r\gh ! hole ( a l>ge reel4 ,glue & nail ,e to ,a ,b ,c ,d4 ,r\nd ! sides ( ,f 7,fig4 #bhj7 drill eight holes ab\t #a_/d in* deep4 ,make lev]s ( wood to fit ^! holes z 9 ,fig4 #bhj4 ,mat* /icks c\ld be us$4 ,n[ glue ,f to ! top ( ! reel1 ,g1 tak+ c>e t ! c5tre ( ,f is ov] ! c5tre ( ! reel4 ,place ! reel ov] ! axle1 r\nd :i* x c be turn$4 ,! cap/an c be us$ = dragg+ along a toy boat by means ( a /r+ ti$ to ! boat & w\nd r\nd ! reel4 #a ,to make an octagon f a squ>e ,a ,b ,c ,d4 ,draw ,a ,d & ,b ,c 7,fig4 #bhb74 ,) c5tre ,c & radius ,c ,o m>k po9ts ,e & ,k1 ) c5tre ,d & same radius m>k ,m & ,g1 & s on4 ,jo9 ,e ,f1 ,g ,h1 ,j ,k1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bhb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bha ,a ,dreadn\ght4 ,! bottom ( ! boat is made f a piece ( wood #i-c_/d in*es by #b-a_/b in*es4 ,%ape ! b[ z 9 ,fig4 #bhc4 ,to ?is glue ano!r piece ( wood1 ,a ,b ,c1 %ap$ to fit ov] ! fir/1 & ab\t #f in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! two pieces c also be nail$ toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bhc ,cut a piece ( wood1 ,d1 #b-c_/d in*es by #a-a_/b in*es1 & glue & nail x to ,a ,b ,c4 ,:5 ^! pieces are secure drill a hole ?r\gh !m at ,e = ! ma/4 ,to c>ry ! guns at ! /]n1 %ape two pieces ( wood1 ,g & ,f1 9 ! =m ( circles or octagons1 & glue & nail !m 9 _! place4 ,! ma/ has holes drill$ ?r\gh x to hold pieces ( cane4 ,nail #a_/d in* nails r\nd "o end ( ,d & tie black ?read r\nd !m4 ,! guns are made ( small rolls ( br[n pap]1 n>r[] at "o end & pa9t$ black or grey4 ,!y are glu$ 9 position4 ,! guns ,h & ,k1 are fa/5$ to a small piece ( wood1 ,l1 to raise !m above ! level ( ! deck4 ,! funnels are made ( pieces ( r\nd wood or rolls ( pap]4 ,! :ole boat is pa9t$ grey1 & rigg$ ) black ?read4 ,a ,l9] 7,fig4 #bhd74 ,! f\ndation ( ! boat is a piece ( wood #aj-a_/b in*es by #a-a_/b in*es1 & ab\t #a_/d in* 9 ?ickness1 or ?ick] if possible4 ,%ape ! b[ z 9 ! figure4 ,r\nd ! /]n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bhd ,cut two pieces ( c>dbo>d #g-a_/b in*es by #a-a_/b in*es4 ,^! are = ! decks 7,fig4 #bhf71 & _! /]n ends mu/ be %ap$ to correspond to ! /]n ( ! boat4 ,place !m toge!r on ! f\ndation & make holes "r ?r\gh along _! edges ab\t #a_/b in* ap>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bhe ,cut two pieces ( /ripwood #a_/b #a_/d #f-a_/b4 ,place !m "o ov] ! o!r & drill a hole 7#a_/d in* 9 diamet]7 at ,p1 ab\t #a-c_/d in*es f "o end2 ?is hole is to receive ! ma/1 ,b4 ,along ea* piece ( /ripwood m>k little doors & w9d[s or port-holes4 ,glue ea* piece ( /ripwood along ! middle ( ea* c>dbo>d deck1 z 9 ,fig4 #bhe1 hav+ made holes 9 ! c>dbo>d correspond+ to ! holes ,p drill$ 9 ! /ripwood4 ,n[ glue ! /ripwood ( "o piece to ! middle ( ! c>dbo>d ( ! o!r piece1 tak+ c>e t ! holes 9 ea* piece ( c>dbo>d are ov] ea* o!r 7,fig4 #bhf74 ,:ile ^! pieces are dry+1 drill a hole ab\t #b in*es f ! b[ = ! ma/ ,a2 drill holes along ! edge ( ! b[ 7,c ,d ,e71 #a_/c an in* ap>t4 ,cut pieces ( cane #g_/h in* to fit ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! c>dbo>d1 & pieces ab\t #c_/h in* 9 l5g? = rail+s r\nd ! b[4 ,n[ glue ! /ripwood1 ,g1 to ! boat s t ends ,h & ,k correspond ) ! edge ( ! /]n4 ,:ile ?is is dry+ prep>e ! ma/s4 ,! ma9ma/ is ab\t #d in*es 9 l5g?2 ?is l5g? all[s x to /& #c in*es above ! upp] c>dbo>d deck2 ! =ema/ is ab\t #e in*es4 ,r\nd ! =ema/ glue a circul> piece ( c>dbo>d1 ,m1 re/+ on a nail pass+ ?r\gh ! ma/4 ,hamm] a nail ?r\gh at ,l = a sp>1 & put a piece ( cane ?r\gh a hole at ,n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bhf ,glue ! ma/s into position4 ,put 9 a nail at ,o 9 ! /]n1 & a piece ( cane1 ,d1 at ! b[4 ,hamm] 9 ?ree nails 9 side ,d ,c & ?ree on ! o!r side = rigg+4 ,ins]t ! /rips ( cane ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! c>dbo>d2 put a little glue into ! holes 9 ! wood5 deck1 & tap ! cane 9 v g5tly2 put ! small] pieces ( cane into ! holes r\nd ! b[4 ,tie cotton r\nd ! pieces ( cane z 9 ,fig4 #bhd2 tie cotton to ma/s1 etc4 ,! funnels are made ( rolls ( pap]4 ,if ! l9] is a ,cun>d]1 ! funnels %\ld be r$ ) black b&s r\nd ! top & two black l9es l[] d[n4 ,! wood5 sides ( ! boat are pa9t$ d>k br[n4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,motor-,,c> 7,,plate ,,viii71 ,,sw++ ,,cradle1 ,,deck-,,*air ,a piece ( flat wood #b-a_/b in*es by #e-a_/b in*es =ms ! bottom ( ! c>4 ,two pieces ( wood1 #e-a_/b in*es by #a in*1 are m>k$ out & sawn z 9 ,fig4 #bhg4 ,if x is f\nd too difficult to saw out ! corn] pieces ,e ,f ,g & ,h ,k ,l1 piece ,a ,e ,c ,m c be cut "r (f1 by saw+ along a l9e ,e ,m2 ,g ,m ,h ,n c be cut (f by saw+ along l9es ,g ,m & ,h ,n1 ! same ) ,l ,n ,b ,d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bhg ,! corn]s ,e1 ,f1 ,g1 ,h1 ,k1 ,l %\ld be r\nd$ ) a file1 z %[n 9 ! plate4 ,! two side-pieces are !n glu$ at ea* side ( ! bottom4 ,front & back pieces are !n cut1 & fitt$ betwe5 ! bottom & sides2 also a top to fit ov] ,a ,e1 & seats to fit ov] ,g ,h & ,l ,b4 ,^! seats are !n provid$ ) backs & arms z %[n 9 ! plate4 ,axles & :eels %\ld be made & put on z describ$ 9 ,"p ,i1 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,! :eels %\ld be #a_/b an in* ?ick & h ! edges r\nd$ to repres5t ! tyre4 ,la/ly ! /e]+ pill>1 ) c>dbo>d :eel atta*$1 is fix$ into bottom4 ,a drawback to ?is toy is t x is made ( s _m sep>ate pieces ( wood1 b *ildr5 delight 9 x & c make x mo/ successfully4 ,*ildr5 f n9e to twelve h turn$ out mo/ effective motor-c>s4 ,a ,sw++ ,cradle 7,fig4 #bhh74 ,! cradle is a wood5 box1 #e in*es by #b-c_/d in*es1 & #b in*es deep4 ,be=e nail+ ?is toge!r1 holes mu/ be drill$ 9 ! two %ort sides1 l>ge en\gh to take a wood5 axle ab\t #a_/d in* 9 diamet]4 ,a & ,b are two pieces ( /ripwood #a_/d #a_/b #e2 _! tops are r\nd$ & holes simil> to ^? 9 ! cradle are drill$ 9 !m ab\t #a-a_/b in*es f ! top4 ,a is fa/5$ to ,e1 :i* is #d in*es 9 l5g?1 by means ( triangul> pieces ( wood1 ,c & ,d1 :i* are glu$ & nail$ to ,a & ,e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bhh ,f & ,k are wid] pieces ( wood1 #e in*es by #a in*4 ,e is glu$ & nail$ to ,f2 a wid] space mu/ be left on "o side ( ,e s t ! supports1 ,h & ,g1 c be fa/5$ securely to ,f4 ,g & ,h are #e-a_/b #a_/b #a_/d4 ,= ! axles on :i* ! cradle sw+s two pieces ( /ripwood1 #a_/d #a_/d #a-a_/d mu/ be cut & r\nd$1 pass$ ?r\gh holes 9 ,a & ,b1 & glu$ securely to ! holes 9 ! sides ( ! cradle4 ,a ,deck-*air 7,fig4 #bhi74 ,two pieces ( /ripwood1 #a_/d #a_/d #f1 ,a ,b1 ,c ,d1 are tak54 ,^! are nail$ & glu$ to ,e & ,f1 ea* #b-a_/d in*es4 ,e & ,f %\ld n be plac$ too ne> ! ends ( ,a ,b & ,c ,d1 z ! wood may split :5 ! nails are driv5 94 ,e & ,f may be r\nd$4 ,= ! small] frame ( ! *air1 cut two pieces ( /ripwood1 #e in*es 9 l5g?4 ,to get ! measurem5ts = ! b>s1 ,m & ,l1 place ,g ,h & ,j ,k inside ,a ,b ,c ,d z 9 ,fig4 #bhi1 & measure di/ances ,g ,j & ,h ,k4 ,?is mu/ be done v accurately4 ,be=e nail+ ,g ,h & ,j ,k toge!r1 not*es mu/ be cut 9 !m z 9 ,fig4 #bij4 ,! wood is p>tly sawn ?r\gh at ,n & ,o1 & ! not* is !n fil$ out1 ! safe edge ( ! file be+ turn$ t[>ds ,n & ,o4 ,to make ! support1 two pieces ( wood are cut #b in*es 9 l5g?1 ,q ,r & ,u ,v 9 ,fig4 #bia1 :i* %[s h[ ! l5g? ( ! piece ( wood ,s1 :i* fa/5s ,q ,r & ,u ,v toge!r1 is obta9$4 ,frame ,g ,k is n[ nail$ to frame ,a ,d 7,fig4 #bhi74 ,fix ! po9t = ! nail at ,t ab\t #b in*es f ,h & ,b4 ,:5 hamm]+ ! nail 9 at ,t1 ! b>s ,a ,b & ,g ,h %\ld re/ ^u ! edge ( ! b5* or table4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bhi ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bij ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bia ,f ,a & ,c measure di/ances ( #b-a_/b in*es to ,r & ,v respectively4 ,to ^! po9ts nail ! arms ( ! support1 ,q ,r & ,u ,v4 ,a piece ( col\r$ pr9t or casem5t clo? is fa/5$ to ,e & ,l4 ,o!r toys :i* c be made 9 a simil> mann] are a camp-/ool1 a clo!s-horse1 a scre54 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,a ,,tram-,,c> ,?is toy is made ( wood1 c>dbo>d & pap] 7c>tridge74 ,a piece ( wood1 ,e ,f ,g ,h 7,fig4 #bib71 #h-a_/b in*es by #b-a_/d in*es is requir$ = ! bottom ( ! c>1 & two pieces1 ,a ,b ,c ,d1 #e in*es by #a-a_/b in*es1 = ! sides4 ,! supports 7#a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f7 are pieces ( /ripwood #a_/d #a_/d #c-a_/b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bib ,glue ?ree ( ^! to "o ( ! sides z 9 ,fig4 #bic1 all[+ ,a ,b ,c ,d to project beyond !m = a space equal to ! ?ickness ( ! wood5 bottom ( ! c>1 ,e ,f ,g ,h4 ,?is =ms "o side ( ! c>2 make ! o!r 9 ! same way4 ,fig4 #bid %[s h[ ! sides & seats are fa/5$ to ! bottom ( ! c>4 ,! seat is a piece ( /ripwood #a_/d #a_/b #e4 ,! top ( ! c> is made ( ?ick c>dbo>d cut z 9 ,fig4 #bie to ! giv5 measurem5ts4 ,be=e ! top is fa/5$ on /rips ( c>tridge pap] are gumm$ r\nd its sides4 ,^! /rips are ab\t an in* wide1 & are d\bl$ 9 half2 "o half is gumm$ to ! c>dbo>d z 9 ,fig4 #bif4 ,! o!r half b5ds d[nw>d & ! names ( places to :i* ! c> runs are pr9t$ on x4 ,simil> pieces are gumm$ to ! top & b5t upw>d to =m ! rail+s r\nd ! top 7,fig4 #big47 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bic ,^! pieces are pa9t$ yell[ & edg$ ) d>k br[n4 ,fig4 #bih %[s ! entrance to ! int]ior ( c>4 ,j & ,k are pieces ( c>dbo>d1 col\r$ yell[1 & glu$ into position2 ,l is a simil>ly col\r$ piece ( c>dbo>d or pap] glu$ to supports #a & #d4 ,! o!r entrance is f9i%$ (f 9 ! same way4 ,cut two pieces ( c>dbo>d1 #d-a_/b in*es by #a-a_/b in*es1 z 9 ,fig4 #bii4 ,make half-cuts along ! dott$ l9es4 ,^! pieces are b5t r\nd & glu$ to ! ends ( ! bottom ( ! c> 7,m1 ,n1 ,o 9 ,fig4 #bib74 ,^! are also col\r$ yell[ & _! edges are d>k br[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bid ,! :eels are put on z ! :eels ( ! eng9e 7,"p ,i1 ,*apt] ,,xiii74 ,cut two pieces ( c>tridge pap] 7,p 9 ,fig4 #bib71 col\r z describ$ be=e1 & gum "u ea* end ( c>4 ,"p ,q is a piece ( c>dbo>d "o in* wide1 col\r$ l ,m ,n ,o1 & gumm$ along ! side1 s t x cov]s at lea/ half ! :eels4 ,! top c n[ be glu$ on4 ,?9 /rips ( wood or pieces ( cane 7,s & ,t 9 ,fig4 #bib & #bif7 are gumm$ 9 position4 ,! /eps into ! c> are made ( c>tridge pap] col\r$ black4 ,fig4 #cjj %[s ! simple/ way ( mak+ ! /airs lead+ to ! top ( ! c>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bie ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bif ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #big ,w ,y is a piece ( c>dbo>d1 #a in* wide1 to :i* pieces ( /iff pap] are gumm$ z 9 diagram4 ,x is a flap ( pap] :i* fa/5s ! /eps to ! top ( ! c>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bih ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bii ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cjj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cja ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cjb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cjc ,seats = ! ,top4 ,pieces ( c>tridge pap] are cut out1 #a-c_/d in*es by #c_/d in*1 & col\r$ yell[4 ,^! are fold$ & cut z 9 ,figs4 #cja & #cjb4 ,"p a is gumm$ to ! side ( ! c>1 flap b is gumm$ to ! floor4 ,! second seat is gumm$ back to back to ! fir/ seat 7,fig4 #cjc74 ,! top ( ! c> w hold ab\t six ( ^! d\ble seats4 ,s+le seats c be gumm$ 9 ! corn]s4 ,/e]+-:eels are made z 9 ,fig4 #bib4 ,! top is ( c>dbo>d1 cut or m>k$ z 9 ! figure & col\r$ black4 ,?is is gumm$ to a r\nd rod1 ab\t #a-c_/d in*es 9 l5g?1 :i* is fa/5$ to ! end ( ! c> 7,n 9 ,fig4 #bib74 ,a simil> /e]+-:eel is fa/5$ to ! o!r end4 ,,*apt] ,v ,a ,,crane ,a ,crane4 ,f\ndation1 ,arm1 ,pulley4 ,cut a piece ( wood ab\t #e-a_/b in*es by #d-a_/b in*es 7,h 9 ,fig4 #cjd74 ,cut a second piece a squ>e1 ,a1 side #b-a_/b in*es4 ,cut (f ! corn]s4 ,?is =ms a /& on :i* ! crane1 etc41 is fa/5$4 ,cut a piece ( /ripwood1 #a_/d x #a_/b x #h4 ,?is is ! arm ( ! crane1 ,c1 & is usually incl9$ at an angle ( #de to #fj4 ,to support ?is arm cut ,b ) sides ab\t #c_/d in*1 angles #de or #fj & #cj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cjd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cje ,cut two pieces ( /ripwood #a_/d in* by #a_/d in*1 ea* #b in*es 9 l5g?2 %ape l ,e & ,f 9 ,fig4 #cje4 ,^! c n[ be glu$ & nail$ to ! arm ,c1 project+ an in* beyond4 ,a :eel = ! pulley is cut f a r\nd rod ab\t #c_/d in* 9 diamet]4 ,if a groove is to be made r\nd ! circumf]5ce1 ! :eel %\ld be ab\t #a_/d to #c_/h in* ?ick4 ,! groove is made ) a file4 ,a simple way to make ! groove is to cut two c>dbo>d discs a little l>g] 9 diamet] ?an ! :eel & glue !m to ea* side ( ! :eel1 9 :i* case ! latt] ne$ n be q s ?ick4 ,a hole is drill$ ?r\gh ! :eel & enl>g$ by a r\nd file to #a_/d in* 9 diamet]4 ,a piece ( wood is n[ r\nd$ = an axle1 s t ! :eel turns on x easily4 ,?is mu/ fit tightly betwe5 ,e & ,f4 ,pass x ?r\gh ! :eel & glue x 9 position 7,g 9 ,fig4 #cje74 ,w9d+ ,ge>4 ,cut two pieces ( /ripwood1 #a_/d x #a_/b x #b1 ,j & ,k 9 ,fig4 #cjd4 ,r\nd _! tops1 drill & enl>ge holes 9 !m4 ,a hole mu/ n[ be made ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ,a1 to enable ?is "p to rotate on ! f\ndation ,h1 s t ! crane may sw+ r\nd 9 any direction4 ,"o ( ! simple/ ways ( do+ ?is is to use a rivet1 b if su* is n procurable a screw may be us$2 ! hole 9 ,a is made l>ge en\gh = ,a to turn easily on ! pivot :i* c be screw$ into ,h4 ,be=e ?is is done1 pieces ,j & ,k are fa/5$ to ,a ab\t "o in* ap>t4 ,to d ?is1 drive nails "r ?r\gh ,a 9 correct positions1 glue ! ends ( ,j & ,k & hamm] !m on to ! nails4 ,! head ( ! nail %\ld re/ on a piece ( metal :5 ! wood is be+ hamm]$ d[n on its po9t4 ,! support ,b %\ld n[ be glu$ & nail$ to ,a4 ,:5 ,b is firmly fix$ ! arm ,c is fa/5$ to x4 ,! hole 9 ! c5tre ( ,a mu/ be left cle>4 ,a is n[ rivet$ or screw$ to ,h4 ,a wood5 axle1 ,p1 is made to pass ?r\gh holes 9 ,j & ,k1 & to ! ends ( ?is axle :eels are glu$4 7,! figure %[s "o only47 ,! :eels c be made f reels1 or sev]al discs ( c>dbo>d gumm$ toge!r4 ,be=e glue+ on ! :eels1 wood5 h&les1 ,l1 are fa/5$ to !m4 ,a wood5 h&le ,o is fa/5$ to ,a4 ,?is is us$ = turn+ ! crane4 ,a piece ( /\t ?read is ti$ to & w\nd r\nd ,p & pass$ ov] ! pulley4 ,to ! end ( ?is a hook is fa/5$1 made f wire or a b5t p94 ,bags c be made & fill$ ) sawdu/1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xi ,a ,,crane ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,w9dmill1 ,,wat]-,,:eel1 ,,& ,,well ,w9dmill 7,plate ,,xii74 ,cut a squ>e ( wood1 side #e in*es4 ,?is is ! /& ,a 9 ,fig4 #cjf4 ,to ! c5tre ( ?is glue a l>ge reel1 ,b4 ,next cut two #d-;in* squ>es ( wood & drill ?r\gh _! c5tres holes ( ab\t #a_/d in* 9 diamet]4 ,glue "o to ! top ( ! reel s t ! holes co9cide4 ,next cut & glue into position ! supports1 ,c4 ,= ^! /ripwood #a_/b in* by #a_/b in* c be us$4 ,cut two pieces ( wood1 #d in*es by #f in*es4 ,^! =m two sides ( ! w9dmill2 glue & nail !m to ! o!r #d-;in* squ>e1 :i* =ms ! bottom ( ! w9dmill4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cjf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cjg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cjh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cji ,next cut two pieces ( wood z 9 ,fig4 #cjg1 = ! o!r sides ( ! w9dmill4 ,drill a small hole 9 ea* at ,d ab\t #a-a_/b in*es f ! top4 ,on "o ( ^! sides m>k & pa9t a door & w9d[s z 9 ,fig4 #cjh1 & ov] ! door make a small ro(1 l ! ro( ov] ! por* ( ! signal-box 7,*apt] ,,xii74 ,! w9d[s & door may be cut out ) a fret-saw & ! door h+$ on by means ( a /rip ( /rong l954 ,glue & nail ^! sides 9 position4 ,make & fix ! ro(4 ,! ,sails4 ,= ^!1 two /rips ( wood1 #a_/d in* squ>e & #ab in*es long1 are necess>y4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ea* ( ^!1 cut a slot half-way ?r\gh ! wood s t "o may fit tightly into ! o!r 7,f 9 ,fig4 #cji74 ,! sails are made ( c>dbo>d1 & are rectangul> 9 %ape1 measur+ #e in*es by #b in*es4 ,!y are col\r$ light br[n1 ) d>k m>k+s on !m1 z %[n 9 ! plate4 ,%ape ea* end ( ! arms ( ! sails z 9 ,fig4 #cji4 ,?is is easily done by fil+1 if ! wood is fairly s(t4 ,saw half-way ?r\gh ! wood at ,e1 & file1 or cut (f ! wood ) a p5-knife4 ,to ?is flat surface ! sails are glu$1 s t !y may be incl9$ to ! w9d4 ,n[ glue ! two arms toge!r1 & :5 !y are firm make a hole ?r\gh ! middle1 ,f1 :]e ! arms cross4 ,take a %ort /eel knitt+ ne$le1 ab\t #f-c_/d in*es2 fix "o end into ?is hole ) glue2 !n glue a small piece ( c>dbo>d or wood ov] x1 & a cork wa%] beh9d1 to keep ! sails f t\*+ ! walls ( ! w9dmill2 pass ! ne$le ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! sides ( ! w9dmill & glue a little knob ( wood to ! o!r end to prev5t ! ne$le slipp+ back4 ,if a ne$le _c be obta9$1 an old bicycle spoke1 or ev5 a wood5 meat skew]1 w d1 b 9 ! latt] case ! holes 9 ! walls mu/ be made l>g]1 & ! sails fix$ to ! end ( ! skew] by a small nail4 ,n[ glue a piece ( r\nd rod into ! reel 7,h 9 ,fig4 #cjf7 s t x projects ab\t an in*4 ,place ! mill on ?is /&1 s t ! rod passes ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! bottom ( ! mill4 ,! mill c be turn$ r\nd 9 any direction s t ! sails may cat* ! w9d4 ,make a small ladd] to rea* ! door4 ,a v pretty b some:at m difficult w9dmill is %[n 9 ,fig4 #caj4 ,x is made ( c>dbo>d4 ,! f\ndation1 plat=m & rail+s c be made z describ$ 9 ! case ( ! ligh?\se 7,*apt] ,,xiii74 ,! truncat$ hexagonal pyramid =m+ ! body ( ! w9dmill is made z foll[s4 ,) c5tre ,o 7,fig4 #caa71 & a radius ( ab\t #aj in*es1 describe an arc1 ,a ,b4 ,f any po9t on ?is arc m>k (f six spaces1 ea* #b in*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #caj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #caa ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cab ,jo9 ! sev]al po9ts to ea* o!r & to ,o4 ,) radius ab\t #c in*es make arc ,c ,d4 ,jo9 po9ts :]e ,c ,d cuts radii1 by dott$ l9es4 ,draw ! flanges2 make half cuts along ! dott$ l9es1 cut out along ! d>k l9es1 & fold into %ape4 ,fa/5 toge!r ) seccot9e2 turn 9 ! flanges at ! bottom1 & fa/5 !m to ! plat=m4 ,! ,top ( ! ,w9dmill c be cut f "o piece ( c>dbo>d4 ,draw squ>e1 ,a ,b ,c ,d 7,fig4 #cab71 l>ge en\gh to project beyond top ( hexagonal pyramid 7side ( squ>e %\ld be ab\t #c in*es74 ,on ! middle ( ,d ,c draw ,m ,k #d in*es1 & draw a simil> l9e on ,a ,b4 ,jo9 ,a ,j1 ,j ,b1 ,k ,d & ,k ,c1 by curv$ l9es4 ,produce ,a ,b & ,d ,c bo? ways4 ,make ,b ,f1 ,c ,e1 ,d ,h1 ,a ,g1 equal 9 l5g? to arc ,b ,j4 ,draw ! flange ,e ,f ,p ,o4 ,make holes 9 ! middle ( ,a ,j ,b & ,d ,k ,c ?r\gh :i* ! knitt+-ne$le 7on :i* ! sail is fa/5$7 may pass4 ,draw flanges on ,b ,j1 ,j ,a1 etc4 ,make half cuts along ! dott$ l9es1 & cut along ! d>k l9es4 ,be=e fa/5+ ! top toge!r1 put a v small pap]-clip ?r\gh ! middle ( squ>e1 ,a ,b ,c ,d1 & fa/5 x to a squ>e ( c>dbo>d ( ! same size1 s t x turns freely on x4 ,?is second squ>e w be gumm$ to ! top ( ! hexagonal pyramid1 s t ! top ( ! w9dmill may be turn$ 9 any direction4 ,b5d up ,a ,j ,b & ,d ,k ,c at "r angles to squ>e1 ,a ,b ,c ,d4 ,b5d up ,b ,c ,e ,f & ,a ,d ,h ,g & gum !m to ! flanges ( ,a ,j ,b & ,d ,k ,c2 gum flange ,f ,o to ,a ,d ,h ,g4 ,! sails are made z already describ$4 ,a ,wat]-:eel 7,plate ,,xii74 ,! ,:eel4 ,cut two discs ( c>dbo>d1 #d in*es 9 diamet]4 ,make holes 9 ! c5tre1 glue !m to a small reel 7ab\t an in* high71 & pass a r\nd rod ?r\gh = an axle4 ,?is :eel is an ov]%ot wat]-:eel--t is1 "o t receives ! wat] %ot ov] ! top1 & mu/ be fitt$ ) 'buckets4' ,^! receive ! wat] at ! top ( ! :eel & reta9 x until !y rea* ! l[e/ po9t 7see ,fig4 #cac74 ,! 'buckets' may be made ( /iff pap] or ?9 c>dbo>d4 ,cut pieces #a in* 9 wid?1 & 9 l5g? ! di/ance ( ! two :eels ap>t plus #a_/b an in*4 ,m>k ^! out z 9 ,fig4 #cad1 :]e a b is ! di/ance betwe5 ! :eels1 & c1 d1 e1 f are flanges = fa/5+ ! bucket to ! :eels4 ,fold z 9 ,fig4 #cae4 ,make at lea/ twelve ( ^! buckets2 divide ! :eel into twelve p>ts1 & fa/5 ! buckets betwe5 ! :eels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w9dmill ,,& ,,wat]mill ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xii ,,drawbridge 7,*apt] ,,vii7 ,to make ! toy te*nically correct1 ! buckets %\ld re/ aga9/ a solid :eel conta9$ )9 ! two out] ones1 z 9 ,fig4 #cac1 s t no wat] c run d[n t[>d ! c5tre ( ! :eel4 ,?is c be easily manag$1 if desir$1 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,be=e fa/5+ ! :eels to ! reel1 cut a long /rip ( pap]1 ) flanges1 z 9 ,fig4 #caf1 9 :i* a b is ! di/ance betwe5 ! two out] :eels4 ,describe a small] circle on "o ( ! :eels1 ab\t #c in*es 9 diamet]2 glue ! reel 9 position1 !n b5d d[n ! flanges ( ?is /rip ( pap] 7,fig4 #caf71 & gum ^! r\nd ! small] circle ( ! :eel4 ,n[ gum ! o!r :eel to ! reel & to ! flanges ( ! pap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cac ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cad ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cae ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #caf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cag ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cah ,! :eel %\ld be pa9t$ br[n1 ) spokes m>k$ 9 d>k] col\r4 ,! plate %[s ! :eel & ! mill-h\se4 ,a hole is made 9 ! side ( ! h\se1 into :i* ! axle ( ! :eel is ins]t$2 ! o!r end is held by ! upright /&>d %[n 9 ! plate4 ,! %oot may be made ( c>dbo>d2 x %\ld slope a little & %\ld come j ov] ! top ( ! :eel1 :i* revolves freely b5ea? x4 ,a *imney may be made ( a cork1 "o end be+ cut on ! slant1 s t x /&s upright on ! ro(1 :i* is made ( c>dbo>d4 ,! :ole %\ld be suitably col\r$4 ,an ,und]%ot ,:eel4 ,?is :eel is v simple to make4 ,x has a numb] ( float-bo>ds arrang$ r\nd x & is turn$ by a /ream ( wat] mov+ aga9/ ! float-bo>ds at its l[e/ po9t 7,fig4 #cag74 ,fig4 #cah %[s h[ ! float-bo>ds1 :i* are made ( c>dbo>d1 are fa/5$ betwe5 ! :eels4 ,) ?is und]%ot :eel1 ! %oot repres5t$ 9 ! plate is n requir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cai ,a ,well 7,fig4 #cai74 ,! r\nd "p ( ! well is made f a mantle-box or o!r r\nd box4 ,a is a fairly deep box turn$ upside d[n1 ) a circle cut out into :i* ! mantle-box fits closely4 ,?is gives a fair dep?4 ,cov] ! well ) pap] col\r$ to repres5t bricks2 col\r ! box1 ,a1 gre54 ,! c>dbo>d ro( is glu$ to po/s1 ,d1 & to triangul> pieces ( wood1 ,b & ,c1 glu$ to ea* side ( ,d4 ,holes are drill$ ?r\gh ! po/s to take ! roll]1 ,e1 :i* is a r\nd rod ab\t #a_/b an in* 9 diamet]4 ,drill small holes 9 x at ea* end4 ,pu% a p9 f ! end ,f ?r\gh ! side po/ into ! roll]4 ,b9d a piece ( wire to =m a h&le1 ,g1 & pu% "o end ( ?is into ! roll]4 ,b5d a piece ( wire or p9 to =m a hook1 tie ?is to a piece ( /r+1 w9d x r\nd ! roll] & fa/5 ! o!r end ( ! /r+ to roll] ) seccot9e4 ,if a small *a9 is us$ ?is c be fa/5$ by "o ( its l9ks to ! roll] ) a /aple1 & %\ld be s fa/5$ be=e ! roll] is put 9 position4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,drawbridge ,,& ,,siege ,,t[] ,a ,drawbridge 7,plate ,,xii74 ,two pieces ( wood = ! front1 ,h & ,i 7,fig4 #cbj71 mu/ fir/ be sawn #aa in*es by #b-a_/b in*es4 ,! :ite wood ( *ocolate boxes1 etc41 is ! be/4 ,next two /rips ( wood1 #g #a_/d #a_/d are cut 7sat9 walnut /ripwood w d7--,d ,e & ,f ,g 9 ,fig4 #cba4 ,! bridge is made ( a piece ( :ite wood1 #b-e_/h in*es by #e-a_/d in*es4 ,! po/s1 ,d ,e & ,f ,g1 are nail$ to ! bridge s t ! bridge turns on ! nails4 7,note t ! bridge is nail$ ab\t #c-a_/d in*es f bottom ( po/47 ,next two l5g?s ( /ripwood1 ,r ,s1 are sawn #aj #a_/b #a_/d1 ^! are nail$ to pieces ,h & ,i 7nails are ab\t #h-a_/b in*es f bottom71 s t ! portions ,r ,t project ab\t #e-a_/b in*es4 ,! /rips ,r ,s turn freely on _! nails4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cbj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cba ,be=e nail+ !m 9 position1 _! ends %\ld be r\nd$ z 9 ! figure4 ,! po/s ,g ,f & ,d ,e 7:i* hold ! bridge7 are !n glu$ to ,h & ,i4 ,a piece ( wood1 ,v1 ab\t #h in*es by #b-a_/c in*es1 is glu$ to ! l[] p>ts ( ,h & ,i1 & jo9s !m toge!r4 ,next ! piece ( wood ,q is cut2 its wid? w be ! di/ance ( po/ ,f ,g f ,d ,e 7ab\t #b-a_/b in*es7--?is di/ance %\ld be c>efully measur$ s t ! piece fits well2 its l5g? w be ab\t #e in*es4 ,! ar* is cut ) a fret-saw4 ,piece ,q is kept 9 position by hav+ ! ends ( ! ar* glu$ to po/s ,f ,g & ,d ,e1 & by a l5g? ( /ripwood 7#a_/b in* by #a_/d in*7 glu$ along ! top z %[n 9 ! plate4 ,l5g?s ( /ripwood 7#a_/b in* by #a_/d in*7 may also be glu$ d[n ! sides4 ,holes mu/ be drill$ 9 ! ends1 ,r1 = wire loops1 c>e be+ tak5 t ^! holes are ov] ! bridge2 wire loops mu/ be plac$ on ! bridge exactly und]nea?1 & ^! loops are jo9$ by *a9s1 :i* c be made ( wire or else b\ght f an ironmong]4 ,fig4 #cbj %[s ! inside ( ! drawbridge2 ,a1 ,b1 ,c & ,d are ! lead weights = rais+ & l[]+ ! beams4 ,^! weights c be cut f a piece ( %eet lead or may be lead buttons4 ,!y are atta*$ to ! beams by *a9s & wire hooks4 ,e ,f is a l$ge = ! def5d]s ( ! bridge to /& on4 ,sides h be5 add$ & a plat=m1 ,l4 ,! battlem5ts1 ,g1 ,h1 ,k1 etc41 are made ( pieces ( /ripwood #a_/b #a_/b #a_/d1 glu$ r\nd ! top4 ,! ladd] is made ( mat*es z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,a ,movable ,siege ,t[] 7,plate ,,xiii74 ,two pieces ( wood 7,a & ,b 9 ,fig4 #cbb7 are sawn to ! %ape & measurem5ts ( ,fig4 #cbc4 ,to ! broad] ends ( ^!1 pieces ( /ripwood #a_/b in* by #a_/b in* are glu$ & nail$ 7,c 9 ,fig4 #cbc71 & o!r pieces1 ,d1 #a_/d in* by #a_/d in* 7ab\t ?ree on ea* side71 are fa/5$ at equal di/ances ap>t4 ,d#c & ! correspond+ piece on ! o!r side mu/ n ext5d to edge ( ,b1 b a space mu/ be left ( #a_/b in* = ! po/s ( ! drawbridge4 ,next ! wood is cut = ! f\ndation & ! plat=ms1 ,j1 ,h1 etc4 ,a /&s ab\t #f in*es f ,b1 s ?is mu/ be ! wid? ( all ! plat=ms1 except ! f\ndation1 ,f1 :i* is wid] & projects ab\t #c_/d in* on ea* side ( ,a & ,b1 & ! plat=m ,k1 :i* re/s on ,a & ,b4 ,! o!r dim5sions ( ! plat=ms w be ! same z ^? ( ! pieces ( /ripwood on :i* !y re/4 ,! plat=m ,k mu/ be ab\t #a_/d in* n>r[] ?an tops ( ,a & ,b1 to leave room = po/s ,l & ,m4 ,a & ,b are n[ glu$ & nail$ to ! base by means ( ! pieces ( /ripwood1 ,c1 at _! ends1 & ! plat=ms are glu$ 9 position4 ,two pieces ( /ripwood #a_/d in* by #a_/b in*1 ,s & ,t 9 ,fig4 #cbd1 are n[ cut equal 9 l5g? to di/ance ( ,k f ,h1 = ! supports ( bridge4 ,place ^! 9 position betwe5 ,k & ,h1 & measure di/ance betwe5 !m2 ?is gives wid? ( drawbridge2 its l5g? is #f-a_/d in*es4 ,?is c n[ be sawn4 ,fix 9 position z expla9$ = previ\s toy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cbb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cbc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cbd ,next cut two pieces ( /ripwood #a_/b #a_/d #aj-a_/b1 ,l & ,m4 ,at ! ends ( ^! drill holes1 #a_/d in* 9 diamet]1 ?r\gh :i* passes ! *a9 ( ! drawbridge4 ,fix ^! 9 position by triangul> w$ges glu$ to sides & to plat=m ,j4 ,on top1 ,k1 add /ruts to support ,m & ,l1 z %[n 9 ! plate4 ,! *a9s ( ! drawbridge are loop$ ov] nails driv5 into ,a & ,b1 j above plat=m ,j4 ,! base may be m\nt$ on small :eels & /r5g!n$ ) project+ beams by :i* ! t[] may be pu%$ into position4 7,^! are n %[n 9 plate47 ,ladd]s to rea* ! top c also be made 7see ,*apt] ,,ix71 & a batt]+ ram may be swung f plat=m ,h1 z %[n 9 ! plate4 ,a t[] ( ?is k9d 0 us$ by ! ,crusad]s 9 ! siege ( ,j]usalem 7#ajii74 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiii ,,m$i,,val ,,siege ,,t[] ,,trapget ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,w> ,,eng9es ,,pa/ ,,& ,,pres5t ,a ,w> ,eng9e 7,plate ,,xiii74 ,?is piece ( artill]y 0 us$ at ! "t ( ! crusade ( ,ri*>d ,i4 ,x is a simple & int]e/+ model to make4 ,! sides 7,a ,b ,c ,d 9 ,fig4 #cbe7 are built up ( pieces ( /ripwood #a_/d in* by #a_/d in*1 l5g? ab\t #c in*es1 or ! sides may be pieces ( cig>-box4 ,if made ( /ripwood1 grooves c be fil$ 9 ! two bottom pieces to make holes1 ,e1 :5 ^! pieces are glu$ toge!r4 ,a r\nd rod passes ?r\gh ^! holes to =m a w9dlass4 ,two po/s1 ,f & ,g1 #a_/d #a_/b #c-a_/d1 are glu$ to ! sides ab\t #a-a_/b in*es f end1 ,a ,c1 z 9 figure2 ^! mu/ ei!r h holes drill$ ?r\gh !m = a rod ( wood 7or ?ick wire7 or h circul> grooves fil$ 9 ! tops into :i* a rod c be glu$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cbe ,! sides a b c d & ,a ,b ,c ,d %\ld be ab\t #b-a_/b in*es ap>t1 & are kept toge!r by pieces ( /ripwood glu$ across ! bottom4 ,make /ruts z 9 ! figure to support po/s ,f & ,g4 ,! beam ,h ,k may be made f a piece ( /ripwood1 #a_/b #a_/b #e1 fil$ to a r\nd %ape4 ,two pieces ( wire1 ,l ,l1 are b5t to =m a =k & two hooks1 ,m & ,n are b\nd firmly to "o end ) ?read4 ,! o!r end1 ,k1 has a small screw-eye screw$ into x ?r\gh :i* passes a wood5 bolt to keep ! r+s ( lead1 ,o1 f slipp+ (f4 ,^! r+s ( lead are easily made f /rips cut f a piece ( %eet lead & b5t r\nd ! beam4 7,a pair ( old scissors %\ld be kept = cutt+ lead1 or a knife & hamm] may be us$47 ,n[ ! beam ,h ,k mu/ be fa/5$ to rod ,p ,q4 ,?is may be done 9 diff]5t ways4 ,! simple/ b lea/ effective way is to b9d ! beam firmly 9 ! middle to ! rod ) ?read or ela/ic4 ,a second way is to drill a hole ?r\gh ! beam1 ?r\gh :i* ! ?read or ela/ic t b9ds x to ! rod c pass4 ,! be/ way p]haps is to make ! hole 9 ! beam l>ge en\gh = rod ,p ,q to pass ?r\gh1 & !n b9d x to ! rod ) ela/ic or ?read or1 if a l>ge model is be+ made1 catgut4 7,a jewell] is g5]ally ready to give away a small quantity ( ?is47 ,a b>rel1 ,r1 c be fil$ or cut f a small piece ( wood or cork1 or x may be a small reel4 ,to "w ! ma*9e pull ! beam d[n by means ( a piece ( ?read loop$ on to ! hook ,m & w\nd ar\nd ! w9dlass4 ,:5 ! beam head is d[n1 place ! b>rel on ! =k & keep x 9 position by rope1 ,s4 ,:5 ! beam head is releas$1 x flies up & ! b>rel is %ot =w>d4 ,?is trapget or w> eng9e 0 us$ = ca/+ ,greek fire1 ) :i* ! b>rel 0 fill$4 ,x may int]e/ ! mak] ( ?is toy to "k its composition4 ,9 ! words ( an old writ]3 ,y make ,greek fire ?us3 ,take quick-sulphur1 dregs ( w9e1 ,p]sian gum1 'bak$ salt1' pit*1 petroleum1 & common oil4 ,boil ^! toge!r4 ,!n :atev] is plac$ !re9 & light$1 :e!r wood or iron1 _c be ext+ui%$ except ) v9eg> or salt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cbf ,g5]ally ?is eng9e _h a k9d ( wood5 hood 9 front to protect ^? work+ ! ma*9e 7,fig4 #cbf74 ,?is hood is easily made ( /ripwood or an old cig>-box4 ,notice t ! /ripwood t =ms ! sides1 ,a ,b ,c ,d1 mu/ be long] 7ext5d$ 9 diagram to ,s ,t71 s t /rips ( wood1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 c be nail$ & glu$ z 9 diagram4 ,! ,mangonel1 ,fig4 #cbg 7an in/rum5t = ca/+ great /ones to beat d[n walls & to slay ! enemy71 makes an int]e/+ toy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cbg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cbh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cbi ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ccj ,fir/ cut two pieces ( wood1 #aj-a_/d in*es by #a-c_/d in*es 7! sides ( a wood5 *ocolate box w d :5 sawn ! "r size & fil$71 & %ape !m z 9 ,fig4 #cbh4 ,saw slits 9 bo? pieces at ,g1 #a_/d in* wide & #a_/b in* deep4 ,if two saw-cuts are made = ea* slit ! wood betwe5 c be cut away ) a p5-knife4 ,^! slits mu/ be ab\t #b-c_/d in*es f end1 b d4 ,) a r\nd file make semicircles at c & e to hold ! roll]s on :i* ! eng9e is mov$ into position4 ,) a bradawl & r\nd file make holes1 ,f1 9 bo? pieces ab\t #c-a_/b in*es f end1 ,a 7diamet] ( hole ab\t #c_/h in*1 or l>g] if a l>g] w9dlass is requir$74 ,put ^! two pieces aside1 & next saw a l5g? ( /ripwood1 #a_/b #a_/b #e2 saw a slit ab\t #a_/d in* f "o end & hamm] x on ! metal top ( a bottle ( ,le ,page's liquid glue z 9 ,fig4 #cbi4 ,! corn] a %\ld be cut or fil$ (f4 ,a small screw-eye is screw$ into ! wood j bel[ ! metal top4 ,saw a piece ( /ripwood1 #a_/b #a_/d #c-a_/b1 tie ?is firmly ) ela/ic to ! o!r end ( ! fir/ piece ( /ripwood z 9 ,fig4 #ccj4 ,?is ela/ic con/itutes ! propulsive =ce4 ,! anci5ts us$ catgut1 :i* =m$ a ?ick coil1 /ret*$ f ,h to ,k1 ! lev] pass+ ?r\gh ! middle ( ! coil4 ,! pull+ d[n ( ! lev] gave additional twi/ to ! coil1 :i* react$ /rongly on release4 ,n[ fa/5 ! sides a b c d & ,a ,b ,c ,d toge!r by nail+ & glue+ !m to two pieces ( /ripwood1 #a_/b #a_/b #b-a_/d4 ,!n glue ,h ,k securely into ! slots ,g s t ! beam ) ! /one-hold] ,m is upright4 ,pu% a r\nd /ick ?r\gh ! holes ,f1 = a w9dlass2 ?is c h holes drill$ 9 ! portions t project1 to hold /icks = turn+ ! rod4 ,a piece ( ?read is ti$ to ! screw-eye ,q1 & w\nd r\nd ! w9dlass ,f2 :5 ?is ?read is tight5$ ! beam is pull$ d[n1 !n :5 let g x flies up1 caus+ any?+ plac$ 9 ! t91 ,m1 to be %ot "s di/ance4 ,! safe/ '/ones' to put 9 ?is pan are pieces ( cork or small pieces ( wood4 ,! foll[+ additions c be made to ! model3 7#a7 ,,rr are pieces ( /ripwood1 #a_/b #a_/d #d1 glu$ to ! sides & c>ry+ a /rip1 ,t4 ,?is /rip ,t 9 ! old5 days 0 cov]$ ) lea!r & 0 s plac$ t ! beam c>ry+ ! /one-hold] w\ld abut aga9/ x4 ,notice ! /ruts ,w = support+ ! po/s ,r4 7#b7 ,n ,o is a rod 7ab\t #a_/d in* 9 diamet]7 pass+ ?r\gh two small screw-eyes fix$ 9 a piece ( /ripwood1 ,s1 #a_/b #a_/d #c-a_/d4 ,a piece ( /rong wire1 ,p1 passes ?r\gh hole 9 rod ,n ,o2 x is b5t s t x _c "w out1 & ! o!r end is b5t to j cat* ! hold]1 ,m1 :5 x is pull$ d[n4 ,a releas+ h&le is fa/5$ to ! rod1 ,n ,o at ,o4 ,! beam ,s is glu$ into slots 9 ,a ,b ,c ,d & a b c d1 s t :5 ! beam is pull$ d[n ! cat* ,p clut*es ,m4 7#c7 ,small screw-eyes may be screw$ 9 at ,a1 a1 ,b1 b1 = hold+ ropes to fa/5 ! ma*9e to pegs 9 ! gr\nd4 ,roll]s may also be made to fit "u ,c & ,e4 ,?is toy is an attractive "o1 because x really works successfully4 ,x mu/ be /rongly put toge!r1 = ! beam :5 pull$ d[n flies up ) consid]able =ce4 ,/one-?r[]s l ?is 7 us$ at ! siege ( ,acre4 ,v (t5 ^! eng9es _h special names giv5 to !m4 ,= example ,philip ( ,france _h a v good eng9e ( w> call$ ',! ,bad ,neighb\r1' & inside ,acre ! ,turks _h "o call$ ',! ,bad ,k9sman4' ,cannons ( ! ,f\rte5? ,c5tury4 ,^! are v easily made4 ,figs4 #cca & #ccb %[ two t c be copi$4 ,9 ,fig4 #cca a piece ( wood is cut to ! %ape ( ,a ,b2 a groove is !n fil$ 9 x1 into :i* ! cannon ,c is glu$4 ,! cannon may be made ( a roll ( br[n pap] 7two pieces may be pa/$ toge!r = great] /r5g?7 ) f\r b&s ( c>tridge pap] pa9t$ yell[ & gumm$ r\nd x1 or x may be a piece ( wood fil$ to %ape & circl$ ) b&s ( lead4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cca ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ccb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ccc ,! cannon 9 ,fig4 #ccb consi/s ( two c>dbo>d :eels on an axle ( /ripwood1 #a_/d in* by #a_/d in*1 & ! cannon is glu$ to a groove 9 ! axle4 ,x may be made ( wood ) a lead rim1 or ( two rolls ( br[n pap] z 9 ,fig4 #ccc1 :]e ! flanges ( ! small] roll ,a are gumm$ to flanges ( ,b4 ,cannon ( ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury4 ,?is may be made ( a %ort mantle-box 7) lids on71 c>dbo>d :eels & pieces ( /ripwood1 #a_/d in* by #a_/d in*4 ,fig4 #ccd %[s ! f9i%$ cannon4 ,! /ripwood c>t :i* ! cannon re/s on mu/ be made to fit ! mantle-box2 ! %afts a may be /raight or curv$4 ,r\nd holes may be cut at b4 ,?is same cannon may be fitt$ ) axles1 & sw+ betwe5 two po/s4 ,! :eels %\ld be pa9t$ black1 & ! mantle-box cov]$ ) black pap]1 ) b&s ( yell[ pap] at #a1 #b & #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ccd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cce ,t[>d ! end ( ! fifte5? c5tury artill]y 0 mu* improv$4 ,fig4 #cce %[s a gun t is int]e/+ to make4 ,! c>riage consi/s ( two pieces ( /ripwood1 #a_/b #a_/d #h 7a b & c d 9 ,fig4 #cce74 ,a cannon1 ,e1 is made out ( a roll ( br[n pap]1 l5g? #c-a_/b in*es1 diamet] ab\t #c_/d in*1 & glu$ betwe5 a b & c d1 or x may simply re/ on cross-pieces ( wood jo9+ a b & c d4 ,g is a piece ( wood1 #a_/d #c_/d #c-a_/b1 turn+ on a p9 or piece ( wire1 ,h1 :i* passes ?r\gh a b & c d4 a b & c d are glu$ to a piece ( /ripwood ,f 7#a_/d in* by #a_/d in*7 :i* has its project+ ends r\nd$ to receive two c>dbo>d :eels4 ,! great fault ( ^! e>li] cannons 0 t ?\gh !y 7 (t5 ( imm5se bore & weight1 ?r[+ balls ( f "o to five hundr$weights1 !y 7 = ! mo/ "p )\t c>riages1 & !re=e v difficult to move ab\t & v sl[ 9 _! op]ations4 ,! ,scots 7 ! fir/ to anticipate ! mod]n gun-c>riage by :at !y call$ 'c>ts ( w>1' :i* c>ri$ two guns4 ,_m ( ! guns ( ! ,engli% requir$ fifty horses to drag !m6 ',mons ,meg' 7a fifte5?-c5tury cannon /ill to be se5 at ,ed9burgh ,ca/le7 is an easy model to make4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ccf ,p>ts ,a & ,b 7,fig4 #ccf7 are drawn on c>dbo>d1 cut out & col\r$ 7br[n & black74 ,!y are jo9$ toge!r by /rips ( c>dbo>d at a b & c d4 ,to ! c>dbo>d at a b ! cannon is gumm$4 ,! :eels are ( c>dbo>d1 ! axle ( /ripwood 7#a_/d in* by #a_/d in*74 ,mons ,meg fir$ a granite ball weigh+ #cjj lb4 ,a ,tudor ,cannon 7,fig4 #ccg74 ,! sides ,a ,a may be cut out ( c>dbo>d or1 bett] /ill1 ( ?ree-ply wood ) ! fret-saw4 ,! :eels are solid discs & may also be cut out ) ! fret-saw1 holes be+ drill$ 9 ! c5tre = ! axle4 ,! cannon itself c be %ap$ out ( wood ) p5-knife & file1 or a c>dbo>d roll 7su* z is us$ = transmitt+ music or pictures7 c be us$1 ! ?ick] p>ts are !n made by gumm+ additional pieces ( c>dbo>d r\nd x1 or glue+ /rips ( lead4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ccg ,x is difficult to discov] :5 gunp[d] 0 fir/ us$4 ,probably its use 0 le>nt f ! ,s>ac5s 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,rog] ,bacon 78 #abad-abid7 sugge/$ t x might be us$ 9 w>f>e4 ,9 a ,flor5t9e docum5t ( #acbf m5tion is made ( ! use ( gunp[d] 9 ,europe4 ,! fir/ use ( ! cannon record$ 9 ,engli% hi/ory is 9 #acbg1 :5 ,edw>d ,,iii 0 at w> ) ,scotl&4 ,9 mak+ ! guns describ$ 9 ?is *apt] x is necess>y to di/+ui% betwe5 bree*-load+ cannons & muzzle-load+4 ,! bree*-load] is load$ f ! bree* or re> end ( ! b>rel & n at ! muzzle4 ,figs4 #ccd1 #cce & #ccg are examples ( ?is k9d & !re=e mu/ h a hole at ea* end4 ,figs4 #cca & #ccb are examples ( muzzle-load+ cannons & !re=e h holes only at "o end4 ,dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury bree*-load+ 0 gradually ab&on$ = muzzle-load+ ow+ to ! l>ge escape ( gas & air at ! bree*4 ,x 0 n until #ahfj t x 0 rev]t$ to ) great improvem5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cch ,a ,%ip ,cannon4 ,a piece ( wood 7ab\t #a_/d in* ?ick1 ! side ( a wood5 *ocolate-box or any o!r light box w d7 is fir/ sawn out #e-a_/b in*es by #b in*es 7,a 9 ,fig4 #cch74 ,ano!r piece ( wood1 ,b1 #d-a_/b in*es by #b in*es1 is cut & glu$ on ! fir/ piece4 ,?ree pieces ( /ripwood #a_/d in* by #a_/b in*1 ,c1 ,d1 ,e1 are cut to l5g?s #c-a_/b in*es1 #b-c_/d in*es1 #b in*es respectively4 ,^! are glu$ on "o side z 9 ! figure1 & simil> /rips are cut & glu$ to ! o!r side4 ,two pieces ( /ripwood1 ,f1 #a_/b #a_/b #a-a_/b1 h holes drill$ half way ?r\gh !m1 to receive ! pivots ( ! gun1 b mu/ n be glu$ on to ,e until ! gun is 9 position4 ,! cannon is made ( a roll ( br[n pap] #f in*es long2 "o end %\ld be n>r[] ?an ! o!r 7! wide/ end say #a in* 9 diamet]1 ! n>r[e/ end #a_/b in* to #c_/d in*74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cci ,! roll mu/ be securely fa/5$ toge!r by seccot9e1 two lay]s ( br[n pap] make a /rong cannon2 black pap] is !n pa/$ ov] x & b&s ( br[n pap] z 9 ,fig4 #cci4 ,a hole is pi]c$ ?r\gh ! cannon ab\t half-way along x1 & a r\nd /ick1 ,k ,m1 pass$ ?r\gh2 ?is pivot %\ld be j long en\gh to fit into blocks ,f :5 ^! are fix$ & glu$ 9 position4 ,be=e ?is is done1 ! :eels %\ld be made & fa/5$ on4 ,?is is an easy matt]4 ,two l5g?s ( /ripwood 7#a_/d in* by #a_/b in*7 are cut #b-a_/d in*es long4 ,! little :eels 7#c_/d in* 9 diamet]7 are cut f any r\nd rod available1 or if no rod c be obta9$ !y may be cut out ( c>dbo>d4 ,holes are drill$ 9 ! :eels & nails ) l>ge heads pass$ ?r\gh & driv5 into ! /ripwood4 ,! axles are ei!r glu$ or nail$ to ! bottom ( ,a4 ,f9ally ! pivot1 ,k ,m1 is fitt$ into its blocks1 & ^! are glu$ into position4 ,a w$ge c be made to slip 9 "u ! cannon to raise & l[] x4 ,! w$ge %\ld be j wide en\gh to slip 9 betwe5 ! two lay]s ( /ripwood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cdj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cda ,a ,mod]n ,bree*-load+ ,field ,gun 7,fig4 #cda74 ,?is is a simple toy to make4 ,a piece ( /ripwood1 ,a1 #a_/d #a_/d #b1 mu/ fir/ be cut1 & ! ends1 ,b & ,c1 r\nd$ = ab\t #a_/b in* 7,fig4 #cdj74 ,next two pieces ( /ripwood1 ,d & ,e1 #a_/d #a_/d #a-a_/d1 are cut4 ,^! mu/ h _! tops r\nd$ z 9 ,fig4 #cda1 & h holes drill$ ?r\gh !m to receive a r\nd$ mat*1 ,g4 ,f is a piece ( wood #a_/b #a_/d #e_/h4 ,pieces ,f1 ,d & ,e are glu$ or nail$ to ,a4 ,be=e ! pivot ,g is put 9 position ! cannon mu/ be made4 ,?is is a roll ( black pap]1 #c-c_/d in*es long1 #a_/b in* 9 diamet] at wide/ end1 & #a_/d in* at ! n>r[e/4 ,holes are made ?r\gh x to receive ! pivot4 ,! ends ( ! mat* /icks t project beyond ,d & ,e c be cut (f4 ,next ! :eels are cut4 ,^! may be c>dbo>d discs ( diamet] #a-c_/h in*es4 ,a piece ( wood1 ,h1 is next cut1 #a_/b #a_/b #d-a_/b1 & work$ to ! %ape %[n 9 ,fig4 #cda4 ,! end ,l mu/ be sawn at an angle1 s t :5 ,h is glu$ on1 ,d is p]p5dicul>4 ,! end ,l is glu$ to ! piece ( wood1 ,f4 ,k is a piece ( c>dbo>d ) a hole ?r\gh x = pull+ ! cannon along2 x is glu$ to end ,m4 ,! :eels1 etc41 %\ld be pa9t$ black or grey4 ,! cannon itself may be made ( :ite pap] & pa9t$ grey or yell[1 or else made ( yell[ or light br[n pap]4 ,a ,c>t mu/ next be made to c>ry ammunition = ! cannon4 ,! %ells = ! cannon describ$ w\ld be ab\t #b-a_/d in*es long1 s ! c>t mu/ be #b-a_/b in*es long1 & #a-c_/d in*es wide 7,fig4 #cdb74 ,x c be made ( wood or c>dbo>d4 ,notice ! end to :i* ! lid is atta*$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cdb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cdc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cdd ,! :eels mu/ be ! same size z ^? us$ = ! cannon & c be made & atta*$ 9 ! same way to an axle1 b ?is axle mu/ project "s di/ance beyond ! :eel1 z 9 ,fig4 #cdc1 & h a groove fil$ r\nd x1 s t %ort *a9s may be fa/5$ on ea* side2 ropes are atta*$ to ^! *a9s to all[ ! c>t to be pull$ along by h&4 ,fig4 #cdd %[s ! %aft4 ,x is #a-a_/b times ! l5g? ( ! c>t4 ,x c be made ( /rips ( c>dbo>d or wood4 ,mat*es pa9t$ black make good %ells4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,a ,,fire-,,escape 7,,plate ,,xiv7 ,to make ?is toy1 pl5ty ( us$ mat*es are requir$1 & "s /rips ( light wood 7t obta9$ f a soap-box or *ocolate-box w d7 & liquid glue4 ,two l5g?s ( wood1 ,q ,r & ,s ,t1 are cut #ab-a_/b #a_/b #a_/d1 & "o long edge ( ea* is r\nd$4 ,^! pieces are s&-pap]$ if !y are r\gh or unev54 ,tw5ty-?ree p5cil dots half an in* ap>t are m>k$ d[n ! middle ( ! wide/ side ( "o piece4 ,! two pieces are !n clamp$ toge!r 7! piece ) ! #bc m>ks on top71 & holes drill$ ?r\gh !m bo? toge!r ) an ,ar*im$ean drill4 ,next sev5te5 mat*es are tak51 & cut exactly to ! l5g? #a-c_/d in*es2 ! ends are tap]$ s t !y w fit 9 ! holes drill$4 ,beg9n+ f "o end ( "o long /rip1 hamm] ^! mat*es 9 ! fir/ sev5te5 holes1 place ! second long /rip ( wood on top ( ^! mat*es1 s t ! fir/ sev5te5 holes are exactly ov] ! sev5te5 mat*es & hamm] x on4 7,be c>eful to hamm] 9 betwe5 ! holes1 a file makes a good hamm]47 ,hamm] fir/ "o /rip1 & !n ! o!r until ! mat*es are driv5 firmly 9 ! holes1 z f> z !y w g2 file away all project+ ends ( mat*es4 ,?r\gh ! eighte5? hole ( ,q ,r & ,s ,t1 a long piece ( wood1 ,a ,b1 mu/ pass to project #a-a_/c in*es on ea* side ( ! ladd] 7,fig4 #cde74 ,two pieces ( wood1 #c-a_/b #a_/b #a_/d 7,c ,d & ,e ,f71 are cut1 & h six holes drill$ 9 !m2 ^! six holes mu/ be m>k$ (f f ! six rema9+ holes 9 ! ma9 ladd]1 s t !y w come exactly opposite !m2 ^! pieces are secur$ to ! ma9 ladd] by mat*es1 & by ! cross-piece1 ,a ,b4 ,! :ole ladd] is !n glu$ to a /rip ( wood1 ,g ,h1 #a_/b in* by #a_/d in* ( a l5g? equal to ! total wid? ( ! ladd]4 ,?is c be put aside = a "t4 ,next ! %aft 9 ,fig4 #cdf is made4 ,k ,p is ! same l5g? z ,g ,h 9 ,fig4 #cde & ab\t #a_/d in* by #a_/d in*2 ,k ,m1 ,l ,n1 ,o ,j1 ,p ,u are ea* #d-a_/d in*es long1 !y are ! same di/ances ap>t z ,c ,g1 ,q ,r1 ,s ,t & ,e ,h 9 ,fig4 #cde4 ,!y are held toge!r by /rips1 ,v1 ,w1 ,x1 ,y1 ,z4 ,^! /rips may be mat*es2 9 ?is case !y mu/ be ins]t$ fir/1 & !n ! :ole ( ,k ,m ,p ,u is glu$ to ,k ,p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cde ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cdf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cdg ,?is %aft is fa/5$ to ! ma9 ladd] 9 ,fig4 #cde midway betwe5 ,a ,b & ,g ,h1 s t :5 ! %aft is horizontal ! ma9 ladd] makes an angle ( #gb ) x4 ,fig4 #cdg %[s ! %aft ,m ,k1 ,p ,u1 atta*$ to ! ma9 ladd]2 x is support$ 9 its place by f\r /ruts1 two on ea* side 7a & b 9 ,fig4 #cdg74 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to saw (f ! ends ,m1 ,n1 ,j1 ,u 7,fig4 #cdf7 s t !y re/ exactly aga9/ ,c ,d1 ,r ,q1 ,s ,t1 ,e ,f 7,fig4 #cde71 at ab\t an angle ( #gb4 ,! ends ( ! /ruts mu/ also be c>efully bevell$ to fit2 ! ma9 ladd] c !n be glu$ to ! %aft & ! /ruts to ! ma9 ladd] & %aft4 ,small :eels ( c>dbo>d or wood are nail$ 7z = %ip's cannon7 at ea* end ( ,g ,h4 ,an axle = ! l>g] :eels mu/ be made to be glu$ on ,k ,p 7,fig4 #cdg74 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 9 decid+ on ! size ( ! l>ge :eels1 ! diamet] mu/ be su* a l5g? t ! %aft1 ,k ,m ,p ,u1 is p>allel to ! gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xiv ,,fire-,,escape ,next ! back portion %[n on ! plate is made simil>ly to ! %aft %[n 9 ,fig4 #cdf4 ,x is glu$ to ,g ,h s z to be at "r angles to ! ma9 ladd]4 ,pieces ( wire b5t & pu%$ into holes 9 ,c ,d & ,e ,f =m rail+s4 ,pieces ( /\t ?read are atta*$ to /r5g!n ! :ole1 z %[n 9 ! plate4 ,an extra ladd] 7necess>ily n>r[]7 c be made to re/ on ! b>1 ,x1 & lean inside a piece ( b5t wire z %[n4 ,! :eels c be made ( c>dbo>d or sawn f any ( ! mat]ials sugge/$ 9 ,"p ,i1 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,note4--,9 mak+ ! fire-escape x w be a help to cut out two c>dbo>d angles ( #gb1 ^! help to keep ! %aft ,k ,m ,p ,u 9 ! "r position :ile ! glue is dry+4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,ca/le1 ,,t\rnam5t1 ,,& ,,fair ,a ,ca/le 7,plate ,,xv74 ,fig4 #cdh is an example ( a m$ival ca/le & is some:at simil> to ! ,ca/le ( ,*aluz1 :i* 0 besieg$ by ,ri*>d ,i4 ,x is made ( c>dbo>d ( m$ium ?ickness4 ,fir/ make ! f\r t[]s1 ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d ,fig4 #cdi4 ,cut a piece ( c>dbo>d #aj in*es by #h-a_/d in*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cdh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cdi ,divide ?is z 9 ,fig4 #cej1 & make half cuts along ! dott$ l9es4 ,cut out ! w9d[s4 ,fold & gum toge!r4 ,make ! o!r t[]s 9 ! same way4 ,to make ov]hang+ battlem5ts1 cut pieces ( /ripwood #a_/b in* by #a_/d in* ! correct l5g?1 & glue !m r\nd ! tops ( ! t[]s 7,fig4 #cea74 ,!n cut out pieces ( c>dbo>d z 9 ,fig4 #ceb1 & gum ^! to ! wood4 ,x is be/ to cut a /rip ( c>dbo>d long en\gh = two sides only1 & to make a half cut at ! b5d2 !n to cut ano!r /rip = ! o!r two sides4 ,small pieces c be cut (f a l5g? ( /ripwood1 #a_/d in* by #a_/d in*1 & glu$ und]nea?1 z a1 b1 c1 9 ,fig4 #cea4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cej ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cea ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ceb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cec ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ced ,next make ! sides1 ,m1 ,n1 ,o1 ,p2 ^! are ab\t #c in*es 9 wid?1 b a #a_/b in* mu/ be all[$ on ea* side = flanges = fa/5+ !m to ! t[]s2 9 height !y j rea* ! battlem5ts ( ! t[]s4 ,make battlem5ts z describ$1 cut out ! w9d[s & fa/5 ^! sides to ! f\r t[]s4 ,col\r ?is "p suitably4 ,to make a flat ro( = ,q 7,fig4 #cdi71 cut eight l5g?s ( /ripwood #a_/d in* by #a_/d in* j long en\gh to come ab\t #a_/b in* bel[ ! battlem5ts ( ! sides1 ,m1 ,n1 ,o1 ,p1 & glue ^! into ! eight corn]s ( ,q4 ,cut a piece ( c>dbo>d to fit ov] ,q1 cut doors 9 ?is = access to ! ro(1 & glue x to ! tops ( ! pieces ( /ripwood4 ,to make t[]s ,e & ,f4 ,cut a piece ( c>dbo>d1 #g in*es by #aj in*es4 ,m>k x out z 9 ,fig4 #cec1 & make half cuts along ! dott$ l9es2 ! n>r[ /rips at ea* end are flanges = fa/5+ ! t[] ,e1 to ,a & ,c4 ,make battlem5ts r\nd ! top1 col\r1 m>k ! w9d[s & door1 & gum to ,a & ,c2 make ,f 9 ! same way4 ,g & ,h are simil> t[]s #b-a_/b in*es squ>e & #g in*es high4 ,! f\r t[]s1 ,e1 ,f1 ,g1 ,h1 c be cov]$ ) ro(s 9 ! way already describ$4 ,g & ,h are fa/5$ to ,e & ,f respectively1 by pieces ( c>dbo>d #e in*es long & ab\t #d-a_/b in*es high4 ,g is fa/5$ to ,h by ,l1 :i* is ab\t #g-a_/b in*es long & #d-a_/b in*es high4 ,a door c be made 9 ,l1 lead+ into ! c\rty>d1 ,q4 ,cut a piece ( c>dbo>d1 ,r 9 ,fig4 #cdh1 ab\t #b-a_/c in*es high1 & gum x to ! side ( ,e to =m a wall2 betwe5 ! latt] & t[] a fit a flight ( /eps4 ,^! are m>k$ out z 9 ,fig4 #ced4 ,make half cuts along ! l9es m>k$----2 turn ! c>dbo>d ov] & make half cuts on ! o!r side along ! dott$ l9es2 b5d 9 alt]nate directions4 ,flanges may be add$ to ea* /ep4 ,a ,t\rnam5t 7,plate ,,xv74 ,fig4 #cee %[s a royal t5t at a t\rnam5t4 ,! plat=m inside may be made ( #ab mat*-boxes 7,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 ,e1 ,f %[ ! six =emo/ ones7 or ( any suitable c>dbo>d box4 ,pieces ( c>dbo>d1 ,g ,h ,k ,l & ,m ,n ,o ,p1 are gumm$ on ea* side4 a b c d is a piece ( c>dbo>d gumm$ to a mat*-box & plac$ 9 front ( ! op5+ betwe5 ,h ,l & ,m ,o4 ,pap] /eps may be made to lead f ! gr\nd to ! top ( ! mat*-box1 & !nce to ! top ( ! plat=m4 ,! ro(1 ,s1 is a piece ( pap]1 b5t along ,t ,v1 to fit ! triangul> tops ( ! c>dbo>d sides1 ,q & ,r1 to :i* x is fa/5$ by pap] h+es4 ,a piece ( c>dbo>d is gumm$ at ! back4 ,flags1 etc41 may be add$4 ,x & ,z %[ /&s at ! back = ! m ord9>y spectators4 ,!y are simply /rips ( c>dbo>d1 suitably pa9t$ & gumm$ = support to mat*-boxes or /rips ( wood4 ,! rail+s %[n 9 ! plate are made ( c>dbo>d or /ripwood1 & plac$ 9 suitable positions to repres5t ! li/s4 ,if ! rail+s are made ( c>dbo>d !y %\ld be fitt$ into a groove 9 a piece ( wood to enable !m to /&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca/le ,,& ,,t\rnam5t ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xv ,,m$i,,val ,,fair ,across ! enclos$ space1 & p>allel to ! royal t5t1 a p>tition is plac$ to sep>ate ! combatant knights4 ,x may be made ( c>dbo>d or wood 7see ,fig4 #cef74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cee ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cef ,two circul> t5ts made ( c>dbo>d & pap] /& at ea* side2 9 ^! ! knights put on _! arm\r4 ,9 ,fig4 #ceg ,a is a c>dbo>d disc to :i* ! pap] cov]+ ,c is gumm$ by a flange2 ,b is a po/ :i* is glu$ into a hole 9 ! middle ( ! c>dbo>d disc & re/s on ! gr\nd inside ! t5t4 ,! horses are made ( corks & mat*es z describ$ 9 previ\s *apt]s4 ,a piece ( col\r$ pap] 7,a 9 ,fig4 #ceh7 is gumm$ ov] ! horse's back4 ,! saddle1 ,b1 is a piece ( col\r$ pap]1 gumm$ to ,a4 ,! bridle is cut out ( pap]4 ,knights may be cut out ( pap] z 9 ,fig4 #cei4 ,two pieces ( pap] %\ld be cut out1 ( ! same %ape except t "o arm be>s a lance1 ! o!r a %ield2 gum ! head & upp] "p ( ! body toge!r2 ! knight c be fa/5$ to ! horse by gumm+ 8 legs to ! trapp+s1 ,a4 ,h]alds1 a k+ & que5 to sit 9 ! royal box 7= :i* a b5* mu/ be made71 spectators1 etc41 may be drawn & cut out1 or suitable figures c sometimes be cut f old hi/ory books or adv]tisem5ts4 ,! backgr\nd may consi/ ( trees or ( a ca/le4 ,9 a simil> way1 ) cork horses1 etc41 a procession ( ! ,cant]bury pilgrims c be made4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ceg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ceh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cei ,a ,fair 9 ! ,days ( ,h5ry ,,viii 7,plate ,,xv74 ,! plate %[s ! backgr\nd ( ! fair4 ,x is a piece ( c>dbo>d1 ) h\ses drawn ^u x & col\r$2 beh9d x are fa/5$ two c>dbo>d supports :i* enable x to /& upright4 ,?is piece ( c>dbo>d %\ld be z long z possible1 to give pl5ty ( room = _m boo?s to be plac$ 9 front ( x4 ,fig4 #cfj %[s a boo? at :i* clo? & wooll5 mat]ials are sold4 ,! cov]+ ( ! boo? is made ( pap]4 ,! tables may be ( diff]5t %apes 9 diff]5t /alls4 ,9 ! clo? m]*ant's /all1 rolls ( col\r$ pap] are pil$ up to repres5t bales ( clo?4 ,to ! pole is ti$ a %eep cut out ( c>dbo>d4 ,an apo!c>y's boo? ) its r$ & :ite pole c be made4 ,%elves ( c>dbo>d1 support$ on little pieces ( wood glu$ to ! po/s ( ! t5t1 may be fa/5$ r\nd ?ree sides ( ! boo?2 c>dbo>d bottles are cut out1 pa9t$ & fa/5$ to ! %elves by pap] h+es1 or bottles c be made ( pla/ic9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cfj ,o!r boo?s may be add$1 "o = 'ribbons ( all ! col\rs ( ! ra9b[1' o!rs = books1 lea!r1 ironmong]y1 pewt] & silv] articles = ! table1 etc4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,an ,,old ,,*>iot ,,& ,,"s ,,qua9t ,,dolls' ,,furniture ,fig4 #cfa %[s a qua9t sw++ *>iot ( ! elev5? c5tury2 x c be made ( /\t c>tridge pap]1 c>dbo>d & /ripwood 7#a_/d in* by #a_/d in*74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cfa ,fir/ draw on c>tridge pap] two arcs ( a circle 7ab\t #c-;in* radius71 a b c & d e f 9 ,fig4 #cfb2 jo9 !m by /raight l9es a d & c f4 ,?is is = ! floor ( ! *>iot4 ,to make ! sides1 draw arc ,g ,h ,k 7,fig4 #cfc7 ) same radius1 b portions ,g ,l & ,m ,k project ab\t #a in* beyond ! arc a b c 9 ,fig4 #cfb4 ,jo9 ,g & ,k by ! curv$ l9e1 ,g ,n ,k4 ,draw ! flange ,o ,p4 ,col\r ! side yell[ & br[n1 cut out4 ,b5d ! flange ,o ,l ,m ,p & gum x to a b c 9 ,fig4 #cfb4 ,draw & cut out ! o!r side 9 a simil> mann] & gum x on2 ! *>iot w !n appe> z 9 ,fig4 #cfa4 ,two seats ( pap] c be gumm$ inside4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cfb ,two pieces ( /ripwood 7#a_/d in* by #a_/d in*71 ,a & ,b 9 ,fig4 #cfa1 are !n cut2 _! height mu/ be det]m9$ by ! size ( ! c>4 ,two small screw-eyes are screw$ 9 at ,c & ,d 7,fig4 #cfa71 f :i* ! c> is slung by pieces ( ?read or wire4 ,! po/s1 ,a & ,b1 are glu$ & nail$ to ! middle ( ! axles1 :i* mu/ be flat1 ! ends only be+ r\nd$ = ! :eels4 ,pieces ( /ripwood 7#a_/d in* by #a_/d in*7 or /rips ( c>dbo>d1 ,c1 connect ! axles on ea* side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cfc ,! :eels are c>dbo>d discs1 ) a patt]n drawn on !m z 9 ! figure1 & pa9t$ yell[ & br[n4 ,fig4 #cfd %[s a pretty *air = a doll's h\se4 ,x is a copy ( a c>v$ oak *air ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,x is made ( wood or c>dbo>d4 ,if made ( c>dbo>d1 a small squ>e box may be us$ = ! seat1 ,a1 to :i* ! sides & back are gumm$4 ,! sides & back %\ld be cut 9 "o1 ) half-cuts d[n ,a ,b & ,c ,d1 :]e ! c>dbo>d is b5t & gumm$ to ! box4 ,! *air %\ld be pa9t$ a v light br[n ) d>k br[n m>k+s4 ,x looks well if made out ( ! wood ( a cig>-box4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cfd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cfe ,fig4 #cfe gives a patt]n ( a f\rte5?-c5tury b$ t goes ) ! *air1 ,a c be an oblong box1 cov]$ ) pap] suitably col\r$ 7light br[n ) panels ( d>k br[n74 ,b & ,c are pieces ( c>dbo>d 7pa9t$ z indicat$7 gumm$ to ea* end ( ! box2 f\r pieces ( /ripwood1 ,d 7#a_/d in* by #a_/d in*71 are glu$ on to ! c>dbo>d4 ,?is b$ is easily made ( wood4 ,a may be a cig>-box1 or ! b$ c be made ( sep>ate pieces ( wood c>efully glu$ & nail$ toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cff ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cfg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cfh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cfi ,a ,fire-place 7,fig4 #cff74 ,?is toy is made ( wood & c>dbo>d4 ,its size w dep5d ^u ! doll's h\se = :i* x is made4 ,! mantelpiece1 ,d1 is a piece ( wood glu$ & nail$ to two wood5 supports1 ,e & ,f4 ,to ! back ( ^! a piece ( c>dbo>d1 ,a1 is glu$4 ,?is is col\r$ to look l tiles1 & space ,c is pa9t$ black4 ,! grate is made ( c>dbo>d 7,fig4 #cfg74 ,! %ad$ portions are cut out & half cuts are made along ! dott$ l9es4 ,x is col\r$ black1 b5t z 9 ,fig4 #cff & gumm$ to ! c>dbo>d back4 ,! f5d] is ( wood1 & is glu$ to ,e & ,f & to a c>dbo>d bottom1 ,b1 :i* is col\r$ to repres5t tiles4 ,! grate may also be made ( pieces ( wire b5t to %ape & pass$ ?r\gh holes 9 two pieces ( wood 7,fig4 #cfh71 :i* are !n gumm$ to ,a4 ,fire-dogs c be made f mat*es glu$ toge!r z 9 ,fig4 #cfi4 ,a pok] & %ovel c be cut f c>dbo>d4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t sizes ( /ripwood f :i* to make ?is toy are l5g?s ( #a_/b in* by #a_/d in* = supports ,e & ,f1 l5g?s ( #a_/d in* by #a_/d in* = ! f5d]1 & #a in* by #a_/d in* = ! mantelpiece4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,railway ,,signal ,,& ,,signal-,,box ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cgj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cga ,a ,railway ,signal4 ,fig4 #cgj %[s a simple me?od ( mak+ ?is toy4 ,a is a piece ( /ripwood ab\t #aa #a_/b #a_/d1 fa/5$ to a wood5 /&4 ,holes are bor$ 9 ,a at ,f ab\t #a_/b in* f ! top & at ,g ab\t #b-a_/b in*es f ! gr\nd4 ,! arm1 ,c1 is a piece ( c>dbo>d #c in*es by #a_/b in* ) a r$ b& pa9t$ across x4 ,! lev]1 ,d1 is a small] piece ( c>dbo>d4 ,c & ,d are fa/5$ to ,a by pieces ( wire or by rivets s t !y move freely up & d[n4 ,b is a n>r[ /rip ( /iff c>dbo>d fa/5$ by small pap]-clips to ,c & ,d4 ,:5 ! lev]1 ,d1 is pull$ d[n1 ! arm1 ,c1 is pu%$ up4 ,a small nail is put 9 at ,e to keep ! arm f ris+ too high4 ,fig4 #cga %[s a railway signal :i* c be work$ by a lev] plac$ at any di/ance away4 ,9 ?is model ! arm1 ,f1 is a piece ( wood ab\t #d #a_/b #a_/d4 ,into "o end is fix$ a screw-eye1 ,a4 ,ab\t #a_/b in* f ?is end bore a hole4 ,nail ! arm ?r\gh ?is hole to ! po/ ab\t #c_/d in*es f ! top1 s t x moves freely on ! nail4 ,b is a piece ( wood1 #b #a_/b #a_/d4 ,make ?ree holes 9 x4 ,nail x ?r\gh ! middle hole to ! po/1 #c in*es f ! gr\nd1 s t x turns freely on ! nail4 ,take a piece ( fairly /rong wire1 fa/5 "o end to ,a & ! o!r to ,b4 ,a weight 7a lead button7 is ne$$ to keep ! arm ( ! signal up4 ,atta* ?is weight1 ,c1 by a piece ( ?read to ,b1 z 9 ! figure4 ,tie a piece ( ?read to ,d1 pass x ?r\gh a small screw-eye1 ,e1 fix$ on ! /&4 ,:5 ?is /r+ is pull$ ! arm is l[]$4 ,?is toy may be work$ entirely ) ?read4 ,tie a piece ( ?read f ,a to ,c1 tak+ c>e to keep ! lev] ,b 9 ! position %[n 9 ! figure2 !n tie ano!r piece f a small nail at ,f to ,d4 ,a small nail %\ld be put 9 at ,g to prev5t ! arm f ris+ too high4 ,! /& & ! %ad$ "p ( ! signal po/ %\ld be pa9t$ black1 ! re/ ( ! po/ is :ite1 ! arm is :ite ) a r$ b&4 ,a ,signal-box 7,plate ,,viii74 ,= ! f\ndation ( ! signal-box1 take a piece ( wood #i in*es by #d in*es1 ,a ,b ,c ,d 7,fig4 #cgb74 ,cut two pieces ( wood1 #d-a_/b in*es by #d in*es4 ,glue & nail ^! to ,a ,b ,c ,d 7,e & ,f 9 ,fig4 #cgb74 ,next cut f\r pieces ( wood1 ,g ,h ,j ,k1 #a_/d #a_/d #f-a_/b4 ,glue ^! to ,e & ,f4 ,measure & cut two pieces ( wood1 ,m & ,l1 to fit 9 betwe5 ,k & ,j1 & ,g & ,h4 ,glue ^! 9 position4 ,next measure & cut out a piece ( c>dbo>d1 ,n 7,fig4 #cgd71 t w fit 9 betwe5 ! po/s1 ,g ,h ,j ,k1 & re/ on ! sides1 ,e & ,f1 & ! ends1 ,l & ,m4 ,?is =ms ! floor ( ! signal-box4 ,measure & cut two pieces ( c>dbo>d t w fit across ! space betwe5 ! po/s ,g & ,k4 ,m>k & cut out w9d[s 9 ^! z %[n 9 ! plate1 & glue !m on ea* side to ! po/s4 ,next cut out two pieces ( c>dbo>d1 #i in*es by #d in*es 7,fig4 #cge74 ,measure along ! sides ! di/ances ,c ,j & ,k ,b2 f9d ! middle1 ,o1 ( top1 jo9 ,o ,k & ,o ,j1 & cut (f ! %ad$ portions4 ,make half cuts along ! dott$ l9es & b5d back ! flanges to :i* ! ro( is fa/5$4 ,9 "o piece make a door1 ! bottom ( :i* mu/ be on a level ) ! floor4 ,a w9d[ may be cut out 9 ! door1 or simply drawn 9 ) p5cil & pa9t$2 on ! o!r side1 m>k & cut out a w9d[ simil> to ! w9d[ 9 ! sides4 ,glue ^! pieces 9 position4 ,make ! ro( ( c>dbo>d z describ$ 9 ! case ( ! ,noah's ,ark1 & glue x to ! flanges4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cgb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cgc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cgd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cge ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cgf ,! ,por*4 ,= ! plat=m ( ! por* cut a piece ( wood #a-c_/d in*es by #a-a_/d in*es4 ,cut two sides1 #b-c_/d in*es by #a-a_/d in*es4 ,glue & nail ^! to ! plat=m4 ,cut two supports z %[n 9 ! plate1 & glue ^! to ! ends j und]nea? ! door1 s t :5 ! por* re/s on !m1 & ! door is op51 ! floor ( ! por* is level ) ! floor ( ! signal-box4 ,next cut ! two out] po/s1 glue !m into position z %[n 9 ! plate1 & glue ! plat=m ( ! por* on ! f\r po/s4 ,! ro( ( ! por* is cut f c>dbo>d1 ) flanges to be glu$ to ! end ( ! signal-box4 ,! slope ( ! ro( %\ld be p>allel to t ( ! ro( ( ! signal-box4 ,make a ladd] z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,bevel ! ends ( ! ladd] z 9 ,fig4 #cgf s t x c be glu$ into position4 ,glue two small po/s on ea* side & glue two /rips ( c>dbo>d to ^! & to ! sides ( ! por* = rail+s4 ,w9d[s may be pa9t$ 9 ! wood5 sides1 ! re/ is col\r$ to repres5t bricks2 ! w9d[ sa%es are d>k gre5 or br[n1 & ! ro( grey4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cgg ,f ?is signal-box ! signal %[n 9 ,fig4 #cga c be work$ 9 a v simple mann]4 ,fig4 #cgg %[s ! arrangem5t4 ,?r\gh a hole1 ,a1 9 ! floor fits a wood5 lev]1 ,b ,c4 ,pass ! ?read belong+ to ! signal ?r\gh a small hole 9 ! side ( ! box1 !n ?r\gh a small screw-eye at ,o1 & tie x to ! end ( ! rod4 ,:5 ! lev]1 ,b1 is pu%$ ov] ! signal arm is l[]$4 ,a small nail is put ?r\gh ! lev] j above ,a1 to act z a fulcrum4 ,! side ,f 7,fig4 #cgg7 may h l>ge w9d[s :i* op5 to enable ! *ild to ins]t 8 h& & pu% ! lev]4 ,if ! signal-po/ is set up "s di/ance away f ! signal-box1 x may be f\nd necess>y to add ano!r weight4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,ligh?\se1 ,,transport] ,,bridge ,a ,ligh?\se 7,plate ,,xvi74 ,?is ligh?\se is simil> to "o call$ ! ,gull ,isl& ,light 9 ,newf\ndl&4 ,x is a hexagonal column & is !re=e some:at easi] to make ?an a circul> /ructure4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cgh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cgi ,! ma9 column is #i in*es high1 & ea* ( ! six faces is #b in*es4 ,cut out a piece ( c>dbo>d1 ( m$ium ?ickness1 #i in*es by #ab-a_/d in*es 7,fig4 #cgh74 ,divide x into six p>ts #b in*es 9 wid?1 leav+ a flange #a_/d in* wide at ! end = fa/5+ ! column toge!r4 ,make half cuts along ! dott$ l9es4 ,cut out a door & w9d[s1 & two holes1 ,g & ,h1 #a_/d in* squ>e4 ,fold & gum toge!r4 ,! hexagonal column above ! fir/ plat=m is #b-a_/b in*es high1 sides #b in*es2 t above ! second plat=m is #b in*es high1 sides #a-a_/b in*es4 ,be=e fold+ & gumm+ ! top column1 or lant]n1 toge!r1 w9d[s mu/ be cut out4 ,x is easi] to cut ! w9d[s out completely & gum ! b>s beh9d ! op5+s4 ,a door is cut j above ! fir/ plat=m z %[n 9 ! plate4 ,! top ( ! lant]n is a hexagonal pyramid #a-a_/b in*es high1 edges #b in*es4 ,to make ?is1 ! l5g? ( "o ( ! slop+ edges 7z a' d' 9 ,fig4 #chj7 mu/ be f\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #chj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cha ,draw a l9e a b 7,fig4 #cha7 #b in*es long4 ,?is is "o edge ( ! hexagonal base4 ,on x make an equilat]al triangle a c b4 ,?is is ! same z triangle a' c' b' 9 ,fig4 #chj4 ,at c 7,fig4 #cha7 draw c d at "r angles to a c2 make c d equal to ! height ( ! pyramid--namely1 #a-a_/b in*es2 jo9 a d2 ?is is ! l5g? ( "o ( ! slop+ edges 7a' d' 9 ,fig4 #chj74 ,) radius a d describe a circle 7,fig4 #cgi74 ,m>k along its circumf]5ce ! di/ance a b1 six times2 jo9 a to b1 b to c1 etc41 & jo9 ea* po9t to ! c5tre4 ,cut (f ! %ad$ portions1 leav+ a flange = fa/5+1 & make half-cuts along ! dott$ l9es4 ,b5d & gum toge!r4 ,! fir/ plat=m %[n 9 ! plate is a circle ( c>dbo>d or wood1 radius #c in*es4 ,holes are made r\nd ! edge4 ,to ?is ! upp] column is fa/5$ by pap] h+es1 unless ! columns h be5 provid$ ) flanges at top & bottom4 ,glue mat* /icks or pieces ( cane1 ab\t #a in* 9 l5g?1 into ! holes 9 ! plat=m = rail+s1 r\nd :i* black ?read may be ti$4 ,n[ fa/5 ! :ole to ! ma9 column s t ! sides co9cide4 ,9 ! same way ! lant]n is fa/5$ to ! upp] plat=m & ! latt] to ! upp] column1 aft] simil> rail+s h be5 made r\nd ! upp] plat=m4 ,la/ly ! pyramidal top is fix$ on ! lant]n1 by ei!r pap] h+es or flanges4 ,n[ cut a piece ( /ripwood1 #a_/d in* by #a_/d in*1 ( ! "r l5g?1 s t x passes ?r\gh ! holes ,g & ,h 9 ! l[] column & projects ab\t #a_/h in* ov] ! doorway2 into ?is project+ end screw a small screw-eye1 pass a piece ( /r+ ?r\gh x & br+ ! ends inside ! door4 ,?is is ! pulley by means ( :i* goods are haul$ up f ! boat into ! ligh?\se4 ,a ladd] c be made ( mat*es 7z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,ix72 two wire hooks are ins]t$ at ! ends1 & x is hung to ! doorway4 ,! ligh?\se c be col\r$ grey & fa/5$ to a piece ( c>dbo>d pa9t$ blue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,xvi ,a ,,ligh?\se ,a ,transport] ,bridge4 ,! supports = ?is bridge1 ,a & ,b 7,fig4 #chb71 are two small wood5 ,bovril boxes 7^? conta9+ "o doz5 "o-ounce t9s72 _! bottoms h be5 knock$ out & !y are m\nt$ on wood5 supports or on two small] boxes ( ab\t ! same wid?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #chb ,take two l5g?s ( /ripwood1 ,c1 ,d1 #b' #a_/b #a_/d2 on to ea* ( ^! glue & nail a simil> l5g? ( /ripwood1 #a_/d in* by #a_/d in* 7,fig4 #chc74 ,next ! ov]head trolley %\ld be made 7,fig4 #chd74 ,! axles ,g & ,h are ab\t #c-a_/b #a_/d #a_/d4 ,! :eels are made ( wood & c be cut f an old broom h&le4 ,be=e ^! are put on1 ! two pieces ,e & ,f1 :i* are #c-a_/b #a_/d #a_/d1 are glu$ to ,g & ,h4 ,c & ,d are plac$ s t ! trolley runs easily along _! l$ges1 ! di/ance betwe5 !m is measur$ & two pieces ( /ripwood 7,j 9 ,fig4 #chc7 are cut1 by means ( :i* ,c & ,d are fa/5$ toge!r4 ,?is frame c re/ on ,a & ,b4 ,!re is no ne$ to fa/5 x p]man5tly4 ,to ea* end ( ,h & ,g1 v small screw-eyes are screw$1 ,k 9 ,fig4 #chc1 to :i* ! /r+s or *a9s :i* support ! c> are atta*$--also two screw-eyes are screw$ 9 at ,h & ,g4 ,fig4 #che %[s "p ( ! c> & gives ! necess>y measurem5ts4 ,side ,r is made ( /ripwood1 #a_/d in* by #a_/d in*4 ,! gates at ea* end are made ( /rips ( c>dbo>d4 ,f\r screw-eyes are plac$ 9 ! corn] po/s = hang+ ! c> to trolley 7see ,fig4 #chb74 ,pieces ( ?read are ti$ to ! screw-eyes at ,h & ,g1 & pass ?r\gh screw-eyes 9 ! supports 7,t & ,u 9 ,fig4 #chb74 ,two w9dlasses c be made to /& on ,m & ,l1 simil> to ! w9d+ ge> describ$ 9 mak+ ! crane 7,*apt] ,v71 by means ( :i* ! c> c be drawn backw>d & =w>d4 ,! bridge may /& across a piece ( c>dbo>d pa9t$ to repres5t a riv]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #chc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #chd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #che ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,ya*ts ,,& ,,boats2 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,! ,,*isel ,= ! toys describ$ hi!rto1 ! *isel has h>dly be5 requir$1 b to c>ve boats f a solid block ( wood x becomes some:at ( a necessity1 ! p5-knife be+ b a poor sub/itute4 ,! use ( ! *isel has be5 po/pon$ ow+ to ! dang]s :i* att5d its use4 ,h[ev]1 :5 *ildr5 h become accu/om$ to h&le tools prop]ly & to respect !m1 !y are no m likely to cut _! h&s ) a *isel ?an ) a knife :5 %>p5+ p5cils or peel+ potatoes4 ,! foll[+ tools w be f\nd useful 9 mak+ exact models ( boats1 holl[+ !m out1 etc43 7#a7 ,a #a_/b-;in* or #c_/d-;in* *isel4 ,?is is a good "o to />t )4 7#b7 ,a small] *isel ab\t #a_/d in* wide4 7#c7 ,a g\ge4 ,a #c_/h in* & a #e_/h in* g\ge answ] mo/ purposes4 ,?is is an indisp5sable tool :5 holl[+ out a boat4 7#d7 ,a spoke-%ave4 ,?is is us$ to smoo? a curv$ surface aft] x has be5 r\ghly cut ) a *isel or knife4 ,x is n really necess>y1 z its "w may be done ) s&-pap] or a file4 ,h[ev] x is n exp5sive1 & x leaves ! wood ) a 'clean' surface mu* sup]ior to t obta9$ ) s&-pap]4 7#e7 ,a vice4 ,! be/ wood = mak+ ! foll[+ boats is yell[ deal or ,am]ican :ite-wood4 ,?is1 ?\gh n exp5sive1 mu/ be b\ght4 ,"o does n (t5 f9d a piece ( wa/e wood suitable = boat-mak+4 ,a v simple boat c be made 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,procure a block ( wood ab\t #g #a-a_/b #b4 ,on ! top surface ( ! block draw a plan ( ! boat z 9 ,fig4 #chg2 on ! bottom surface draw ! plan %[n 9 ,fig4 #chh4 ,take c>e n to make ! keel too n>r[1 especially 9 fir/ attempts at boat-mak+4 ,! keel ( ?is boat may be q #a_/d in* ?ick4 ,see t x is really 9 ! middle4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #chf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #chg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #chh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #chi ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cij ,m>k on bo? sides ( ! boat ! l9es %[n 9 elevation1 ,fig4 #chf4 ,m>k l9es %[+ ! /]n elevation z 9 ,fig4 #chi1 at ! o!r end ! /]n1 z 9 ,fig4 #cij4 ,n[ saw away z mu* surplus wood z possible4 ,x is well to beg9 by saw+ along l9es a b & c d 9 ,fig4 #chg1 to r\ghly %ape out b[4 ,if a v curv$ b[ is desir$1 saw (f ! corn] e f g 7,fig4 #chf74 ,to make ! keel1 saw along l9es a h & c k1 ab\t #a_/d in* deep 7,fig4 #chh71 at ! /]n end saw d[n to ,m & ,n4 ,n[ c>efully r\nd & model ! sides & keel ) g\ge1 *isel1 spoke-%ave & file1 or simply ) *isel & file4 ,be=e f9i%+ (f ) s&-pap] or spoke-%ave1 ! boat %\ld be tri$ 9 ! wat]1 x w probably lean to "o side2 cut (f a little wood f ?is side & try aga94 7,be c>eful to dry y\r tools if !y get wet47 ,:5 ! boat is prop]ly balanc$1 nail a /rip ( lead along ! keel4 ,a hole may be bor$ on ! deck = a ma/4 ,to make ! ,rudd]4 ,saw a piece ( wood out ab\t #a in* by #b-a_/d in*es 7wood %\ld be ab\t #a_/d in* ?ick74 ,draw a rudd] on x z 9 ,fig4 #cia1 cut out ?is %ape ) saw & file4 ,r\nd ! top z at ,c = ! h&le4 ,make holes ) a f9e bradawl & ins]t two pieces ( b5t wire at a & b4 ,to put !m 9 x is be/ to hold !m ) a pair ( p9c]s4 ,ord9>y p9s ) _! heads cut (f d j z well z wire4 ,make two wire loops & fix !m 9 ! /]n ( ! boat 7,p & ,q 9 ,fig4 #chf71 t ! rudd] may hook on to ^!1 c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! eyes are exactly opposite ! hooks4 ,to make ! till]1 drill a hole 9 a piece ( wood1 z 9 ,fig4 #cib1 & file x l>ge en\gh to fit tightly r\nd ! top ( ! rudd]1 !n "w ! till] to %ape4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cia ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cib ,?is boat c be holl[$ out ) ! g\ge4 ,fir/ draw l9e ,r ,r ,r ,r r\nd ! boat 7,fig4 #chg7 to give ! ?ickness ( side4 ,be=e />t+ on ! actual boat1 x is z well = ! amateur to practise cutt+ a few holl[s4 ,) sat9 walnut1 p9e1 ,am]ican :ite-wood1 g\g+ is n a difficult matt]4 ,:5 ! boat is be+ g\g$ out x %\ld if possible be plac$ 9 a vice4 7,always put a piece ( ?9 wood betwe5 ! jaws ( ! vice & ! article y wi% to hold to prev5t m>ks47 ,ano!r way ( holl[+ ! boat is to beg9 bor+ c5tre-bit holes z close toge!r z possible1 be+ c>eful n to bore too deep1 !n g\ge out z mu* wood z y safely c1 f9i% ) file & s&-pap]4 ,:5 ! boat is holl[$ out1 seats c be made = x4 ,^! %\ld be cut ! exact l5g? ( middle ( boat1 bevell$ at ! ends1 & fitt$ into ! boat by =c+ !m into position4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cic ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cid ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cie ,figs4 #cic1 #cid1 #cie %[ elevation & plans ( a common type ( boat4 ,saw (f triangul> pieces ( wood to =m ! b[1 cut out ! /]n ) ! t5on saw & *isel4 ,model ! sides & keel ) g\ge1 *isel & file z be=e4 ,to put a rudd] on ?is boat1 notice t a hole mu/ be bor$ ?r\gh ! deck = ! rudd] to pass ?r\gh4 ,!re is no ne$ 9 a boat l ?is1 or inde$ 9 any boat 7:5 practice has be5 atta9$71 to saw out ! keel1 ! g\ge & *isel are suffici5t1 b ! saw+ sometimes helps ! beg9n]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cif ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cig ,a ,s*oon] 7,plate ,,iv74 ,on a suitable piece ( wood 7a squ>e prism1 l5g? #c-a_/b times wid?7 draw a l9e a a 7,fig4 #cif7 on ! surface ?r\gh ! middle f end to end4 ,!n draw a l9e across ! middle b b1 & divide ! surface 9 ?ree by l9es c c & d d4 ,p5cil out ! deck z 9 ,fig4 #cif4 ,n[ "h is a piece ( advice t x is well to foll[ 9 all boat-mak+4 ,to m>k (f ! deck make a c>dbo>d template ! %ape & size ( "o half1 tak5 f ! middle l9e1 a a4 ,lay ! template on "o half ( ! piece ( wood & p5cil r\nd ! edge4 ,!n turn ! template ov] on ! o!r side & p5cil r\nd ! edge aga94 ,9 ?is way ! %ape ( ! deck is m accurate & bo? sides are symmetrical1 :i* is v important if ! boat is to float upright 9 ! wat]4 ,n[ on ! sides draw ! elevation z 9 ,fig4 #cig4 ,c>dbo>d templates w also be f\nd useful 9 gett+ ! cross-sections correct4 ,n[ saw & file away ! /]n1 ,d1 & ! b[1 ,e1 & *isel away ! sides & keel z describ$ be=e4 ,fig4 #cih %[s ! appe>ance ( ! /]n4 ,hav+ *isell$ & fil$ ! outside ( ! hull to correct %ape & exactly equal on bo? sides1 g\ge out ! inside z describ$ be=e4 ,next make ! deck f deal ab\t #a_/h in* ?ick1 cutt+ x ! exact size ( ! outl9e 9 ,fig4 #cif4 ,be=e fa/5+ ! deck1 bore a hole at ,a = ! rudd] 7a correspond+ hole be+ bor$ 9 ! hull71 & holes at ,b & ,c = ma/s 7) correspond+ holes1 n m ?an #a_/d in* deep1 9 ! hull74 ,if ne$ be 79 l>ge models7 ! "u "p ( ! deck :]e holes come c be /r5g!n$ by pieces ( wood nail$ across4 ,) a h>d p5cil draw l9es along ! deck to give ! appe>ance ( bo>ds4 ,a hole = a hat*-way may be cut out ) a fret-saw4 ,! hat*-way itself = a l>ge boat c be made ( pieces ( wood nail$ toge!r4 ,n[ fix ! deck on to ! top ( ! hull ) small nails4 ,ano!r way ( fix+ ! deck is to make x j l>ge en\gh to fit inside ! hull1 leav+ an edge or bulw>k all r\nd1 #a_/d in* to #a_/b in* 9 dep?4 ,! long] ma/ goes into hole ,b4 ,! total l5g? ( ! s*oon] is ab\t #a-a_/d times ! height ( ! ma/ above ! deck4 ,! %ort] ma/ goes into hole ,c & is v little long] ?an half ! boat4 ,! ma/s mu/ fit firmly into ! holes 9 ! deck & hull4 ,to balla/ ! boat1 nail a piece ( lead along ! keel4 ,if too l>ge a piece is us$ at fir/1 x c easily be r$uc$4 ,! rudd] ,f is cut out & fix$ z already describ$4 ,h 9 ,fig4 #cif %[s :]e ! end ( ! b[sprit comes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cih ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cii ,a4 ,/ay =esail4 ,b4 ,gaff =esail4 ,c4 ,ma9sail4 ,fig4 #cii %[s a draw+ ( ! ma/s & sails = a s*oon]4 ,! gaffs1 a b & c d1 & ! correspond+ booms1 are fa/5$ to ! ma/s by wire loops4 ,lawn or ,indian musl9 make good sails4 ,x is well to wa% ! mat]ial be=e us+ x4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,! ,,fret-,,saw ,! ,fret-saw is a delightful tool1 & v useful to ! toy-mak]4 ,x c be us$ = mak+ :eels & ! v>i\s jo9t$ & me*anical toys describ$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s4 ,9 deal+ ) ! fret-saw we h to consid] 7#a7 ! saw-blades & 7#b7 ! frame 9 :i* !y are held4 ,! saw-blades are ab\t five in*es 9 l5g? & are made ( delicate /eel wire ) correspond+ly f9e tee?4 ,!y are v *eap1 be+ commonly sold at ab\t ?ree halfp5ce to ?reep5ce a doz51 & ev5 less :5 pur*as$ by ! gross4 ,!y are suppli$ 9 t5 diff]5t grades1 numb]$ f #jj to #h1 proce$+ f f9e to co>se4 ,= ! toys describ$ 9 ?is book1 ,nos4 #a1 #b & #c w be f\nd mo/ suitable4 ,to pres]ve ! saw-blades f ru/1 keep !m 9 a wood or metal case4 ,^u ! prop] t5sion ( ! saw-blade dep5ds its action4 ,to keep x taut1 a numb] ( frames h be5 design$1 ! mo/ practical be+ "o made ( /eel & v>y+ 9 size f #ab in*es to #ah in*es measur+ f ! saw-blade to ! back ( ! frame4 ,! h&le is ( wood4 ,! #ab-;in* size is ! mo/ suitable = *ildr54 ,*eap frames c be obta9$ = sixp5ce halfp5ny 7small] ones ev5 = f\rp5ce74 ,9 ! *eap] k9ds ! necess>y t5sion is obta9$ by draw+ ! arms slightly t[>ds ea* o!r :5 clamp+ ! blade4 ,! spr+ ( ! /eel w !n keep ! blade suffici5tly taut4 ,9 ! bett]-class frames 7price f two %ill+s upw>d7 ! t5sion is secur$ by ! action ( a lev]4 ,notice t ! saws mu/ be ins]t$ ) ! tee? po9t+ d[nw>d4 ,hold+ & manag+ ! ,saw-frame4 ,! h& saw-frame requires all ! /ead9ess possible2 ! b5d ( ! frame %\ld re/ along ! =e>m1 & aga9/ ! %\ld] if ! frame be a long "o1 or "u ! %\ld] if a %ort "o4 ,?is prev5ts ! frame f sw++ r\nd4 ,! saw-blade w describe ! arc ( a circle z x passes ?r\gh ! wood1 & ?is dip is r$uc$ to ! m9imum by mak+ %ort /rokes in/ead ( long ones4 ,?is is important to rememb]4 ,! amateur is sure to break a few saw-blades at fir/1 !y are s fragile1 inde$ ev5 9 ! h&s ( an exp]t !y h a prec>i\s hold on life & c only be expect$ to la/ a c]ta9 "t4 ,=tunately !y are *eap4 ,! saw-blade mu/ n be press$ on into ! wood too quickly2 ! wood is held to ! table ) ! f+]s1 & e "p ( ! l9e to be cut is mov$ 9 due succession aga9/ ! cutt+ edge ( ! blade4 ,excessive en]gy w (t5 cause ! blade to /ick fa/ 9 ! wood2 9 ?is case ! blade mu/ be eas$ by g5tly work+ x up & d[n s t x does n cut b frees itself4 ,?is me?od c be adopt$ :5 turn+ a %>p corn]2 "w ! saw up & d[n 7)\t cutt+7 until ! blade po9ts 9 ! "r direction4 ,v (t5 ! lock+ ( ! blade 9 ! wood is due to gummy or heavy wood1 or to a twi/ 9 ! saw-blade2 ?is latt] cause c be prev5t$ by ! ex]cise ( c>e 9 fix+ ! saw 9 ! frame4 ,*ildr5 %\ld h ! *eap] frames to practise )2 h[ev] !y soon le>n to manage !m & 9 due c\rse f9d out t a saw-blade is really n s delicate z x looks4 ,9 cutt+ out animals1 etc41 leave a piece ( surplus wood r\nd ! frail] p>ts z long z possible s t "o has some?+ to hold )\t fe> ( breakage4 ,:5 an int]ior space has to be cut out 7e4g4 :5 cutt+ away int]ior portions ( :eels to make ! spokes7 a hole mu/ be made by means ( ! ,ar*im$ean drill to admit ! saw2 ! upp] end ( ! saw is releas$ f its clamp1 pass$ ?r\gh ! hole1 & aga9 fix$ 9 position4 ,! hole 9 all cases %\ld be bor$ z ne> z possible to a corn] or po9t1 z ^! are conv5i5t />t+-places4 ,a m$ium-siz$ drill po9t r ?an f9e po9ts %\ld be us$ :]ev] space p]mits4 ,f9e po9ts are apt to break4 ,! drill /ock mu/ be held q v]tical & revolv$ bo? :5 ! po9t is ent]+ ! wood & :5 x is be+ )drawn4 ,no pressure is requir$ on ! drill beyond its own weight4 ,9 mak+ ! v>i\s jo9t$ animals1 etc41 9 ! foll[+ *apt]s bifurcat$ nickel rivets are us$1 small-gauge4 ,! foll[+ are useful sizes3-- ,sizes ,no4 #ad #f_/af1 #h_/af1 #aj_/af4 7,^! are useful = jo9t$ animals47 ,sizes ,no4 #aa #ab_/af1 #ad_/af1 #af_/af4 7,^! are us$ = ! crane1 etc47 ,^! rivets c be b\ght 9 boxes ( assort$ sizes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dja ,figs4 #djj & #dja %[ h[ a jo9t$ animal is rivet$ toge!r4 ,:5 hamm]+ ! rivet op51 its head %\ld be plac$ on a piece ( metal 7! clamp w d74 ,fig4 #dja %[s ! me?od ( op5+ ! rivet4 ,a repres5ts ! table1 ,b ! clamp1 ,c ! head ( ! rabbit & its e>s1 ,d1 ! rivet4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,little ,,gymna/2 ,,danc+ ,,cl[n2 ,,rock+ ,,animals ,little ,gymna/4 ,fir/ ! little gymna/ mu/ be drawn & cut out4 ,he c be made ( c>dbo>d ( m$ium ?ickness & pap]-fa/5]s 7,size #jj7 or bett] ( ?ree-ply wood & bifurcat$ nickel rivets 7,size ,no4 #ad-h_/af74 ,fir/ draw ! body1 ,a1 ,fig4 #djb1 #b-a_/b in*es long4 7,! measurem5ts giv5 are important1 = unless ! limbs are 9 proportion ! figure w n "w prop]ly47 ,make two holes ) ! drill1 if wood is be+ us$1 z 9 ,fig4 #djb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djb ,! arms1 ,b1 are #b-a_/d in*es long1 ! h&s mu/ be l>ge en\gh to conta9 holes to c>ry a wood5 knitt+ ne$le 7#a_/h in* 9 diamet]74 ,! upp] "p ( leg1 ,c1 is #a-a_/b in*es 9 l5g?2 ! l[] "p1 ,d1 #a-a_/b in*es4 ,make holes 9 ^! p>ts z 9 ! figure4 ,take c>e t ! holes are l>ge en\gh to hold ! rivet or pap]-fa/5]s loosely1 s t ! limbs sw+ ab\t easily4 ,n[ fa/5 all ^! p>ts toge!r4 7,= directions h[ to hamm] ! rivets see ! previ\s *apt]47 ,pa9t ! figure 9 wat] col\rs if x is made ( c>dbo>d1 if x is made ( wood x may be left unpa9t$1 or pa9t$ 9 oil col\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dje ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djg ,pu% a wood5 knitt+ ne$le 7ab\t #a_/h in* 9 diamet]7 ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! h&s1 see t x fits tightly1 add a little glue if !re is any dang] ( ! ne$le slipp+ r\nd inside ! holes4 ,two pieces ( /ripwood1 ,e1 are next sawn ab\t #aa #a_/d #a_/b4 ,^! po/s mu/ h holes drill$ 9 !m ne> ! top = ! knitt+ ne$le to pass ?r\gh1 & revolve freely4 ,! po/s are nail$ & glu$ to a base1 ! size ( :i* w dep5d ^u ! l5g? ( ! b> :i* ! gymna/ turns ^u4 ,two or ?ree gymna/s look well sw++ toge!r1 or a gymna/1 a monkey & a cl[n4 ,9 ?is case #ab #f #a_/d makes a good /&4 ,! po/s are support$ by triangul> supports4 ,on turn+ ! knitt+ ne$le ! little figure w revolve 9 a life-l mann]1 & p]=m _m ( ! pr(essional ex]cises ( ! horizontal b>4 ,! actions are made m reali/ic if ! man's head is weight$ ) a piece ( lead1 s z to make 8 head m ne>ly ! same weight z 8 body4 ,! ,danc+ ,cl[n4 ,draw on c>dbo>d or ?ree-ply wood & cut out ! head & body ( ! cl[n z 9 ,fig4 #djc4 ,col\r x1 & cut out ano!r piece exactly ! same to repres5t ! back ( ! cl[n4 ,draw & cut out two arms z 9 ,fig4 #djd1 two legs z 9 ,fig4 #dje4 ,cut out two small discs ( lead1 & glue !m beh9d ! balls 9 8 h&s2 glue little pieces ( lead beh9d 8 boots4 ,8 arms & legs are fa/5$ toge!r by ?read1 z 9 ,fig4 #djf4 ,! back "p ( ! body hides ! /r+s4 ,?is cl[n c be hung inside a box1 & ! /r+s pass$ ?r\gh a hole 7directly und]nea? ! cl[n7 9 ano!r box ^u :i* he c !n be made to dance1 z 9 ,fig4 #djg4 ,! figure works be/ if prop]ly balanc$2 see t ! arms & legs are equal 9 size & weight4 ,rock+ ,horses & ,elephants4 ,! simple/ way ( mak+ a rock+ horse is %[n 9 ,fig4 #djh4 ,two rock]s1 ,a ,b ,c1 are cut out ( c>dbo>d 7m$ium ?ickness74 ,next two horses1 ,d1 are drawn on c>tridge pap]1 ! di/ance betwe5 ! =e & h9d feet correspond+ to ! di/ance ,a ,c 9 ! rock]s4 ,! horses are col\r$ & cut out1 & _! heads & tails gumm$ toge!r4 ,! f\r legs are !n fa/5$ ) pap]-fa/5]s 7or ) gum7 to ! ends ( ! two rock]s4 ,a wood5 rock+ horse is made 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,! two rock]s1 ,a ,b & ,c ,d1 are cut out ( ?ree-ply wood ) a fret-saw4 ,! arc ( a circle ( #d in*es to #d-a_/b in*es radius is a good size2 wid? ( rock]1 ,h ,k 7,fig4 #dji71 #c_/d in*4 ,?ree pieces ( /ripwood #a_/d in* by #a_/d in* are sawn1 l5g? #c-a_/d in*es1 ,e1 ,f & ,g4 ,p5cil-m>ks mu/ be made on ! two rock]s to %[ :]e ^! /rips are to g1 "o 9 ! middle1 ! o!r two at ! ends4 ,be=e fa/5+ !m on1 a slit is sawn 9 ! middle ( ea* end-piece1 z at ,e & ,g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #djh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dji ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #daj ,/rips ,e1 ,f & ,g are glu$ & nail$ to "o rock]1 !n ?is rock] c be laid on its side1 & ! second rock] glu$ to ! up/&+ /rips4 ,!re is no ne$ to nail ! second rock]2 inde$1 if ! ends ( ! /rips are v ev5ly cut1 !re is no ne$ = nail+ at all4 ,! horse 7,fig4 #daj7 c be cut out ( c>dbo>d & h "o front leg & "o back leg fitt$ into ! slits4 ,c>dbo>d ( m$ium ?ickness w j fit a saw-cut & no glu+ is ne$$4 ,if ! horse is cut out ( fret-wood or ?ree-ply wood 7#a_/h in* ?ick7 ! saw-cuts mu/ be enl>g$ ) a file & ! feet glu$ 94 ,in/ead ( horses1 donkeys1 tig]s1 lions1 etc41 c be fix$ on rock]s z j describ$4 ,! rock]s 9 ,fig4 #dji c also be built up ( c>dbo>d4 ,a ,rock+ ,elephant4 ,on a piece ( c>dbo>d draw a circle #a-a_/d in*es 9 radius2 on ?is draw an elephant z 9 ,fig4 #daa4 ,col\r ! ball r$ & ! elephant grey 7bo? sides mu/ be col\r$7 & cut out4 ,cut out a piece ( c>tridge pap] 7,fig4 #dab71 l5g? equal to half ! circumf]5ce ( ! circle 9 ,fig4 #daa1 wid?1 #a-a_/b in*es4 ,fold 9 half along ,d ,e1 cut out ,d ,b ,c ,e1 z 9 diagram1 ! %ad$ portions be+ cut away4 ,gum ,b ,d ,c ,e to disc ,h z 9 ,fig4 #daa1 s t ,d ,f ,e ,g =ms a rock]2 make a simil> rock] = ! o!r side4 ,two pieces ( lead 7,a 9 ,fig4 #daa7 are cut out & glu$ on ea* side ( ! disc at ! bottom1 z 9 ! figure4 ,! lead mu/ h pap] suitably col\r$ pa/$ ov] x4 ,! elephant w sw+ up & d[n at ! slighte/ t\*4 ,in/ead ( an elephant a cl[n c be drawn on ! ball4 ,fig4 #dac %[s an elephant roll+ on 8 back4 ,?is toy c be made 9 ! same way z ! fir/ elephant4 ,a circle 7#a-a_/d in*es radius7 is drawn fir/1 & ! elephant drawn 9 ! circle4 ,^! elephants c be cut ) ! fret-saw f sat9 walnut 7#a_/d in* ?ick74 ,9 ?is case ! lead on ea* side mu/ almo/ rea* ! diamet]1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #dac4 ,ano!r disc ( wood 7#a-a_/d in* radius7 mu/ be fret-saw$ out ( ! sat9 walnut1 sawn 9 two1 & ! halves glu$ "o on ea* side ( ! lead1 to make a base wide en\gh = ! toy to rock ^u )\t upsett+4 ,no lead w !n %[1 & x w look l a wood5 toy4 ,if ^! toys are cut out ( ?9 wood1 #a_/h in* ?ick1 !y /ill require at lea/ twice z mu* lead z ! c>dbo>d toy4 ,! elephant may also be drawn balanc+ a ball in/ead ( a cl[n4 ,*ildr5 w delight 9 mak+ ^! toys f c>dbo>d1 pap] & lead = a toy circus4 ,fig4 #dad %[s a swan drawn 9 a circle2 ! %ad$ "p repres5ts ! pap] rock] on "o side4 ,?is model requires no lead4 ,a duck c be made 9 ! same way4 ,fig4 #dae %[s a design = elephants on a see-saw4 ,! elephants mu/ be ! same size z f> z possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #daa ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dab ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dac ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dad ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dae ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,mov+ ,,figures ,fig4 #daf1 ,! ,wa%+ ,day1 %[s a patt]n t w please little ,engli% toy-mak]s4 ,x c be cut f wood ) ! fret-saw1 or ) scissors f c>dbo>d ( m$ium ?ickness4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #daf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dag ,to make ! ,design4 ,fir/ cut two l5g?s ( ?ree-ply wood or c>dbo>d1 #a_/b in* by #h in*es1 ,a ,b & ,c ,d4 ,next draw on wood or c>dbo>d1 & cut out1 ! two little wa%]-wom5 7!y are ab\t #d-a_/b in*es high74 ,!y look m effective if pa9t$4 ,^! are fa/5$ to ! /rips ( c>dbo>d by means ( pap]-fa/5]s 7,size #jjj2 "o gross sixp5ce72 ! holes = ! fa/5]s are ab\t #a-a_/d in*es f ! ends4 ,! holes 9 ! little wa%]-wom5 are exactly "o above ! o!r1 s t :5 ! pap]-fa/5]s are 9 & ,a ,b is exactly above ,c ,d1 ! figures are upright4 ,a wa%+ tub1 ,e1 is cut out ( c>tridge pap] 7top ( tub1 #c in*es1 bottom #a-c_/d in*es72 ?is c be pa9t$ br[n or gre5 & h a :ite rim r\nd ! top to repres5t soap-suds4 ,?is tub is gumm$ to ,c ,d1 exactly betwe5 ! two little wa%]s4 ,if ! "p ( ,a ,b t comes beh9d ! tub is cut away z 9 diagram ! figures w "w bett]4 ,:5 ! /rips ( c>dbo>d are mov$ backw>d & =w>d ! figures put _! clo!s 9 ! tub & take !m out aga94 ,! toy works be/ if a little space is left betwe5 ,a ,b & ,c ,d1 z 9 ,fig4 #dag4 ,if x is cut out ( fret-wood ! figures are fa/5$ by rivets1 z expla9$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xv4 ,fig4 #dag %[s two ducks eat+ out ( ! same bucket2 /rips ( c>dbo>d1 ,a ,b & ,c ,d1 are ! same size z ^? 9 ,fig4 #daf4 ,! bucket is cut out ( c>dbo>d & gumm$ to ,c ,d4 ,! sailors 9 ,fig4 #dah are made 9 ! same way1 holes are made 9 _! h&s1 ?r\gh :i* y>n is pass$ 7! ?ick] ! y>n ! m l rope x is7 or o>s c be cut out ( c>dbo>d & fitt$ 9 ! holes 9 _! h&s1 :5 !y w appe> to r[4 ,fig4 #dai %[s a man driv+ a donkey4 ,x is made ( c>dbo>d1 except ! :ip1 ,a1 :i* is ?read ti$ into a hole 9 ! c>dbo>d at ,c4 ,! :ip w "w bett] if a little piece ( lead or some?+ heavy is ti$ at ! end ( ! ?read4 ,! re9s1 ,b1 are ( ?read or y>n1 & pass ?r\gh holes 9 ! donkey's m\? & 9 ! man's h&4 ,two fi%]m5 c be made 9 ! same way1 ! :ip easily becomes a fi%+-rod & a lead fi% c be atta*$ to ! end ( ! l9e4 ,9 ! case ( ! donkey-driv] & ! fi%]m5 ! /rips ( c>dbo>d %\ld be long] ?an %[n 9 ! figure1 to leave room = hold+4 ,! /rip = ! donkey-driv] %\ld be ab\t #i in*es1 ! fi%]m5 require at lea/ #ab in*es if _! l9es are n to get entangl$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dah ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dai ,*ildr5 w readily ?9k ( o!r designs = ?is simple b int]e/+ toy4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,"s ,,old-,,fa%ion$ ,,toys--,a ,,monkey-,,up-,a-,,/ick1 ,a ,,jack-,,9-,,!-,,box ,a ,monkey-up-a-/ick is a v easy toy to make4 ,fir/ cut out a c>dbo>d or wood5 monkey z 9 ,fig4 #dbj4 ,see t ! legs & arms turn freely on pap]-fa/5]s1 ,a & ,b4 ,pa9t ! monkey grey or br[n4 ,) a p9 make holes1 ,c & ,d1 9 ! feet & h&s4 ,next saw two l5g?s ( /ripwood1 "o #a #a_/d #a_/d1 ! o!r almo/ twice z long4 ,drill a hole ne> "o end ( ea* ( ^! /icks4 ,pass a p9 or piece ( wire ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! monkey's feet & ! hole 9 ! %ort] /ick2 b5d d[n ! p9 on ea* side to keep ! feet f slipp+ (f4 7,! po9t ( ! p9 %\ld be cut (f ) pli]s47 ,9 ! same way fa/5 ! monkey's h&s to ! long] /ick4 ,see t ! limbs 7note t !y come "o on ea* side ( ! /ick7 revolve freely on ! p9s or wire4 ,! two /icks may be kept toge!r by pieces ( ela/ic2 ?is h[ev] r prev5ts ! "o /ick f mov+ freely up & d[n ! o!r4 ,x is bett] fir/ to file ! /icks 7or "o ( ! /icks7 r\nd or to use d[el rods4 ,^! r\nd rods c !n be kept toge!r by c>dbo>d or wood5 discs4 ,! disc mu/ h a hole 9 ! middle l>ge en\gh = ! rod to move freely up & d[n 9 x4 ,! ?ick] ! piece ( wood or c>dbo>d ! bett]4 ,! hole mu/ be made 9 ! wood ) a brace & bit 7a bradawl w make ! hole 9 c>dbo>d1 & x c be fil$ to ! "r size ) a r\nd file74 ,! long] rod1 ,a1 ,fig4 #dba1 goes ?r\gh ! hole2 ! bottom ( ! %ort] rod1 ,b1 is glu$ & nail$ to ! disc4 ,by mov+ ! disc ,c up & d[n ! monkey p]=ms its usual antics at ! top ( ! /ick4 ,! monkey1 or a cl[n if pref]r$1 looks v effective cut out ( ?ree-ply wood & rivet$ toge!r4 ,= a small model wood5 meat skew]s may be us$ z /icks4 ,o!r sugge/ions = ,c 9 ,fig4 #dba are3 a reel 7?\gh rod ,b :5 glu$ to a reel t5ds to break (f72 half a cork4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dba ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbc ,m int]e/+ ?an ! monkey-up-a-/ick is ! monkey t climbs a rope1 ?\gh ?is little animal has sometimes an irritat+ mann] ( sw++ ab\t on ! rope1 & go+ no high]4 ,if he is c>efully made accord+ to ! foll[+ directions he ought to climb4 ,! monkey is cut out ( c>dbo>d 9 ! same way z ! fir/ monkey1 except t 8 two arms are gumm$ firmly on 9 ! position %[n 9 ,fig4 #dbb1 8 legs only be+ free to move4 ,p9s or pieces ( wire are pass$ ?r\gh ! holes at ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d4 ,9 ! case ( p9s1 ! po9t is cut (f ) cutt+ pli]s & ! re/ d\bl$ back to prev5t its com+ out on "o side1 ! head ( ! p9 prev5ts x com+ out on ! o!r4 ,tie a piece ( ?9 ela/ic r\nd ! p9s1 ,a & ,b1 s t x is only j on ! /ret* :5 ! legs are drawn up p>allel ) ! arms1 z 9 ! figure4 ,a piece ( wire is pass$ ?r\gh at ,e & is b5t ov] out-w>ds1 draw+ ! h&s fairly tightly toge!r4 ,a piece ( ?read is pass$ ?r\gh ! eye s =m$1 d[n & "u ! p91 ,c1 !n ov] ! p91 ,d ,by alt]nately slack5+ & tight5+ ! l9e ! monkey w climb up ! ?read 9 a v life-l mann]4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to nip ! wire well toge!r at ! h&s to get en\gh friction to hold ! ?read firmly :ile ! ela/ic pulls ! legs up1 on ! o!r h& ! ?read mu/ be j loose en\gh to pass ?r\gh ,e4 ,a ,jack-9-!-box4 ,! simple/ way ( mak+ a ,jack-9-!-box is ! foll[+4 ,get "s ord9>y wire 7q ?9 wire w d7 ab\t #d feet long or long] if a bigg] jump is requir$4 ,w9d ?is tightly r\nd a broom h&le1 keep+ ! r+s ( wire close toge!r4 ,slip x (f4 ,take a cork1 cut x s t x is ab\t #a-a_/d in*es high4 ,file x r\nd 9 ! %ape ( a head z 9 ,fig4 #dbc4 ,m>k ! eyes & nose 9 ink1 ! m\? ) r$ pa9t2 or two beads c be glu$ 9 = ! eyes4 ,to make ! hair1 cut sev]al %ort pieces ( black wool1 tie !m 9 ! middle at ,b1 & glue or p9 !m to ! middle ( ! head2 tie back ! side ends ) yell[ or r$ wool z 9 ! figure4 ,fa/5 "o end ( ! wire spr+ 9 ! c5tre ( bottom ( cork1 z at ,a4 ,a piece ( musl9 is !n gumm$ r\nd ! cork to hide ! spr+1 s t x is loose & folds easily4 ,next make a box1 #b-c_/d in*es high1 or take ! c>dbo>d box t conta9s a bottle ( ,le ,page's liquid glue1 & cut (f ab\t "o-?ird4 ,cut (f ! cov] & glue x on to "o side 7,c 9 ! figure74 ,make loop ( wire at ,d1 & ins]t a pap]-fa/5] at ,e to cat* ! wire loop4 ,fa/5 ! end ( ! spr+ to ! bottom ( ! box1 by pass+ x ?r\gh ! hole 9 "o bottom flap1 b5d+ x ov] & glu+ ov] x ! o!r flaps t =m ! bottom4 ,col\r$ pap] or scraps may be gumm$ to ! sides & top ( ! box4 ,?is is a suitable toy to be hung on a small ,*ri/mas tree4 ,a l>g] & /rong] ,jack-9-!-box c be made f a wood5 box ab\t #e-a_/b in*es squ>e4 ,= ?is a piece ( ,no4 #ab gauge wire ab\t #aj feet long is requir$2 x is w\nd ar\nd a roll+-p94 ,?is spr+ is !n nail$ by means ( /aples to a piece ( wood made to fit ! inside ( ! box4 ,fa/5 a r\nd piece ( c>dbo>d to ! top ( ! spr+1 & ei!r sew on to x a small doll's head1 or make a doll's head ( "p ( a /ock+ /uff$ ) wool & hav+ eyes1 m\?1 etc41 sewn on4 ,a cap 7a fool's cap looks be/7 is made to fit ! head1 & a loose jacket is sewn on to hide ! spiral body4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,little ,,swordsm5 ,fig4 #dbd %[s ! pr9ciple on :i* ?is toy is made2 ! %ad$ portion repres5ts ! inside ( a box4 ,a good size = a box to make ?is toy is #i #d-a_/b #b-a_/d4 ,slits %\ld be cut 9 ! long side ( ! box at a b1 c d1 e f1 g h4 ,^! slits may be made ) a p5-knife1 & a fret-saw file w make !m wide en\gh = a piece ( c>dbo>d to slip up & d[n 94 ,slits are !n made 9 ! %ort side exactly "u ! long slits1 z p n 9 ,fig4 #dbe4 ,wid5 ^! slits also ) a file4 ,next cut out ! c>dbo>d figures4 ,draw head1 body & "o leg to be cut out 9 "o piece2 ab\t #c in*es ( c>dbo>d %\ld be left bel[ ! foot 7,m & ,n 9 ,fig4 #dbd71 ! total l5g? ( figure be+ ab\t #h in*es4 ,cut out ano!r figure l ?is4 ,make holes j bel[ ! foot z at ,d 9 ,fig4 #dbd4 ,next draw & cut out legs1 ,f & ,h4 ,notice t !y d n project s f> inside ! box1 _! l5g? be+ ab\t #c-a_/b in*es4 ,fa/5 ^! to ! figures by pap]-fa/5]s4 ,next cut out a long /rip ( c>dbo>d1 ,a ,b1 #a_/b in* by #ad in*es4 ,pass ?is ?r\gh ! slits 7p n 9 ,fig4 #dbe7 9 ! %ort sides ( ! box4 ,see t x slides easily up & d[n 9 ^! slits4 ,! portions m>k$ ,m & ,n turn on pivots h k & m l4 ,^! pivots pass ?r\gh holes1 ,d & ,e1 9 ! figures & ?r\gh holes made at ea* side ( ! box exactly opposite ! %ort slits4 ,/eel knitt+ ne$les make good pivots1 or pieces ( cane4 ,:5 ! top is q complete ^! pivots may be glu$ into ! holes 9 ! box = great] security4 ,fa/5 pieces ( lead at ! bottom ( ,m & ,n s t ! figures sw+ easily on ! pivots4 ,:5 x is f\nd t ! pivots are 9 ! "r place1 pass ! /rip ( c>dbo>d ,a ,b ?r\gh ! slits1 & fa/5 ! legs1 ,f & ,h1 to x by pap]-fa/5]s1 z at ,x & ,y4 ,see t ! ne$les are 9 ! "r holes & fa/5 up ! box4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbe 7,x is a conv5i5ce 9 mak+ ?is toy to let ! cov] =m "o side1 ! cov] be+ left (f until all ! inside arrangem5ts are complete2 ! pivots c !n be put into _! holes 9 ! cov]1 & ! cov] put on47 ,n[ if ! project+ ends ( ,a ,b are pu%$ backw>d & =w>d ! figures fight 9 a v reali/ic mann]4 ,notice t ,a ,b has two movem5ts3 "o backw>d & =w>d1 ! o!r up & d[n4 ,! lead weights 9 ,m & ,n keep ,a ,b up4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! long] ! slits are ! bett] ! figure works4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 does n apply to slits c d & g h4 ,! slits ne$ n be s close toge!r z 9 ! figure if x is desir$ t ! swordsm5 %\ld fight at a great] di/ance4 ,! arms are cut out ( c>dbo>d & fa/5$ by pap]-fa/5]s on ea* side ( ! figure2 ! swords may be cut out ) ! arms1 or made sep>ately & gumm$ on aft]-w>ds1 pieces ( cane mak+ effective swords4 ,a m difficult b m satisfactory way ( putt+ on ! arms is ?is3 pass a v %ort piece ( cane ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! body1 :]e ! arms are to be fa/5$2 see t x turns v easily 9 ! hole2 next seccot9e ! pieces ( cane t project at ea* side into holes 9 ! arms2 see t "o arm is up1 ! o!r d[n4 ,to make ! arms balance well1 x may be necess>y to fa/5 a small piece ( lead to "o h&4 ,?is toy is mo/ amus+ if c>efully made4 ,! foll[+ h9ts may be useful3 7#a7 ,draw & pa9t ! little swordsm5 z c>efully z possible4 7#b7 ,see t ! slits are p]fectly /raight & wide en\gh = ! c>dbo>d to pass ?r\gh4 7#c7 ,see t ! arms1 legs & feet turn easily on _! pivots1 :e!r ^! pivots be pap]-fa/5]s1 cane or knitt+ ne$les4 7#d7 ,see t suffici5t lead is atta*$4 7#e7 ,cov] ! box neatly ) pap]1 b n ! slits4 ,a piece ( gre5 pap] looks well = ! top4 ,?is toy may also be cut out ( wood ) a fret-saw4 ,_m o!r amus+ toys c be made on ! same pr9ciple4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbh ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,"s ,,m ,,fret-,,saw ,,toys ,besides ! num]\s models already describ$ t c be made ) ! fret-saw1 endless fur!r toys might be made1 among o!rs ! foll[+4 #a4 ,a ,zoo or ,wild-,bea/ ,%[4 ,! animals = ?is may be jo9t$ models l ! elephant & giraffe 7,"p ,i1 ,*apt] ,,xx72 9 ?is case !y w /& q well2 or !y may be cut 9 "o piece & glu$ to an oblong /rip ( wood = a /&1 z ! lion & o!r bea/s 9 ,figs4 #dbf to #dcj4 ,?ree-ply wood or sat9 walnut #a_/h in* ?ick is suitable = ^! animals1 :i* h[ev] may also be cut out ( c>dbo>d & glu$ into slits cut 9 a wood5 /&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dbi #b4 ,=e/1 ,jungle or ,des]t ,sc5es1 etc4 7,figs4 #dca to #dcg74 ,^! trees1 :i* h v *>act]i/ic %apes1 c easily be cut out ) ! fret-saw4 ,:]e ! bran*es are sl5d] & !re is dang] ( _! break+1 use ?ree-ply wood4 ,!y %\ld be pa9t$ gre51 ) ! m>k+s indicat$ 9 ! draw+s put 9 ) sepia or d>k gre54 #c4 ,a ,f>my>d1 ) trees1 ducks1 c[s1 etc4 ,figs4 #dch to #ddc are patt]ns ( f>my>d animals4 ,!re is consid]able educational value 9 ! draw+ & cutt+ out ( ! simple outl9es necess>y 9 fret-wood trees or animals4 ,x w help *ildr5 to ?9k 9 l9es1 z x 71 & to draw boldly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dcj ,tea*]s w f9d sets ( fret-wood animals & trees ( use 9 ! ,nature ,/udy & ,geography lessons4 #d4 ,soldi]s1 ,sailors1 ,boy ,sc\ts1 etc4 ,figs4 #ddd to #ddg may be cut out & glu$ on /&s 9 ! same way4 ,! small files us$ = fret-wood are useful to f9i% & 'clean up' ^! toys4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dca ,! ,walnut ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dcb ,! ,palm 7,cocoa-nut7 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dcc ,! ,palm ,oil ,tree ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dce ,! ,spruce ,fir ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dcd ,! ,elm ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dcf ,! ,lomb>dy ,popl> ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dcg ,! ,scots ,p9e ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dch ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dci ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ddj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dda ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ddb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ddc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ddd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dde ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ddf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ddg ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,toys ,,work$ ,,by ,,s& ,= ^! toys a wood5 box is requir$1 ,a ,b ,c ,d 7,fig4 #ddh71 ab\t a foot or m squ>e & #e in*es deep4 ,l is a :eel made l ! ov]%ot wat]-:eel 9 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,ano!r way ( mak+ ! buckets is %[n 9 ,figs4 #ddi1 #dej1 & #dea4 ,^! are glu$ close toge!r betwe5 two circles ( c>dbo>d z %[n 9 ,fig4 #dea4 ,?is me?od is some:at easi] if small :eels are requir$4 ,! :eel %\ld h t5 or m buckets2 ! great] ! numb] ( buckets1 ! fa/] ! :eel works4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ddh ,fig4 #deb %[s ! con/ruction ( ! res]voir1 ,j1 ?r\gh :i* ! s& runs4 ,! size ( x w dep5d ^u ! toy made4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ddi ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dej ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dea ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #deb ,f is ! flange = fa/5+ x toge!r1 & ,e1 ,d1 ,c1 ,b are flanges = fa/5+ x to ro( ,a ,b ,e ,f 7,fig4 #ddh74 ,a r\nd hole is fil$ out at ,a1 aft] ! res]voir is fa/5$ toge!r1 ?r\gh :i* ! s& runs4 ,! wood5 side ( box1 ,a ,b ,e ,f1 is tak5 (f & a piece ( c>dbo>d is nail$ to ! box in/ead4 ,?is c h a hole cut 9 x1 ,k 9 ,fig4 #ddh1 & ! res]voir glu$ "u x4 ,g ,h is a b> ( /ripwood nail$ across ! front ( ! box1 ?r\gh :i* a hole1 ,n1 is bor$4 ,! axle ( ! :eel passes ?r\gh ?is & ?r\gh a correspond+ hole 9 ! back ( ! box4 ,z ! s& runs out ( ! res]voir1 x falls into ! boxes & s turns ! :eel2 h5ce ! sails ( a w9dmill1 ! h&s ( a clock1 etc41 fa/5$ to axle1 ,l ,m1 c be made to turn4 ,notice c>efully t ! hole at ! bottom ( ! res]voir %\ld be ov] ! c5tre ( ! boxes ( ! s&-:eel & a little to "o side ( ! :eel1 z 9 ,fig4 #ddh4 ,"p ( ! back ( ! box1 ,p ,q ,r ,o1 %\ld be cut out to all[ a tray to g 9 to receive ! s&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dec ,to make a ,bicycli/ 7,fig4 #dec74 ,cut two circles ( c>dbo>d1 radius #a-a_/d in*es4 ,m>k on !m ! spokes ( a bicycle4 ,make two s&-:eels ! same size z ! bicycle :eels2 _! wid? %\ld be ab\t #a_/b in* to #c_/d in*4 ,take a piece ( /ripwood #a_/b in* by #a_/d in* & ! l5g? ( ! box4 ,make holes 9 x1 #c in*es1 #d-a_/b in*es & #f in*es f "o end4 ,nail ! b> across ! box #c in*es f gr\nd2 make holes 9 ! back ( ! box exactly opposite ! holes 9 ! b>4 ,make wood5 axles to pass "r ?r\gh ^! holes s t !y turn freely 9 !m4 ,! s&-:eels %\ld be glu$ to two ( ^! axles4 ,n[ cut out a piece ( c>dbo>d to fit ov] ! front ( ! box2 bore holes 9 x correspond+ to ^? 9 ! b>1 ,g ,h4 ,pa9t on x a suitable backgr\nd1 z 9 ,fig4 #dec4 ,nail small pieces ( /ripwood1 #a_/b in* by #a_/d in*1 to ! corn]s ( ! box 7z at ,a & ,b 9 ,fig4 #dec71 to :i* ! c>dbo>d c be fa/5$ by draw+-p9s or glue4 ,pass ! axles ( ! s&-:eels ?r\gh ! fir/ & ?ird holes f ! end ( b> ,g ,h1 & let !m project ab\t #a in* beyond ! c>dbo>d4 ,to ^! ends ! bicycle :eels mu/ be glu$4 ,9 mak+ ?is toy x is bett] n to fa/5 pieces toge!r too quickly1 until all ! v>i\s p>ts are ready4 ,! figure ( ! cycli/ %\ld be cut out to ! measurem5ts giv5 = ! little gymna/ 9 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,! body & head c\ld be cut out ( ?9 ?ree-ply wood1 & ! arms & legs ( c>dbo>d4 ,! be/ me?od ( jo9+ limbs to ! body s t !re is ! lea/ possible friction is z foll[s4 ,cut (f a small piece ( a p91 includ+ ! head1 pass x ?r\gh ! holes1 & apply to ! cut end a t9y drop ( seal+ wax4 ,make holes 9 ! cycli/'s feet at ,g 7,fig4 #ded74 ,cut a small c>dbo>d :eel1 ,f1 ab\t #a_/b in* 9 diamet]3 make a hole 9 its c5tre & "o ne> ! circumf]5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ded ,glue a piece ( mat* /ick into ! hole ne> ! circumf]5ce1 ! o!r end ( ?is mat* /ick mu/ turn freely 9 ! hole 9 cycli/'s left foot4 ,pass ! axle already made ?r\gh ?is :eel1 to :i* x mu/ be glu$1 & ?r\gh ! cycli/'s "r foot & ?r\gh middle hole 9 ! b>4 ,make two small pulley :eels 7e4g4 slices ( reels ) c>dbo>d flanges71 "o twice ! size ( ! o!r4 ,fig4 #dee %[s h[ ! toy is put toge!r & h[ x works4 ,a & ,b are ! s&-:eels2 axles1 ,f ,g & ,f ,m1 are glu$ into !m & into ! two bicycle :eels4 ,k ,h is ! axle pass+ ?r\gh c5tre ( p$al :eel4 ,n ,o are pulley :eels glu$ to axles1 ,f ,g & ,h ,k1 respectively1 & connect$ by an ela/ic b&1 ,e4 ,:5 s&-:eel1 ,a1 turns r\nd1 :eel1 ,n1 turns & turns p$al :eel1 ,f1 9 ,fig4 #def1 & z ,o is twice z big z :eel ,n1 ! p$al w revolve twice z sl[ly z ! bicycle :eels4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dee ,pulleys ( equal size1 ,c & ,d1 might be add$ ) advantage to connect ! two s&-:eels1 & a h&le at ,f to />t ! :eels4 ,fig4 #def %[s h[ ! leg is fa/5$ to ! p$al :eel4 ,to keep ! cycli/'s body /eady cut a piece ( /ripwood #a #a_/d #a_/d4 ,glue "o end to middle ( cycli/'s body & ! o!r to ! c>dbo>d backgr\nd4 ,b 7,fig4 #ded7 is a ?9 piece ( wood1 pass+ ov] ! project+ end ( axle ( :eel1 ,e1 its o!r end be+ glu$ to ! bottom ( ! cycli/'s body4 ,a simil> /rip1 ,a1 is cut4 ,?is is fa/5$ betwe5 8 h&s by a little piece ( p91 & passes ov] ! axle ( :eel1 ,d4 ,c is a ?9 /rip ( wood or c>dbo>d :i* passes ov] ! axle ( ,e & c be glu$ to ! cycli/'s "r leg & pass beh9d :eel1 ,f4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #def ,make a plat=m z 9 ,fig4 #dec to support ! cycli/4 ,make two res]voirs z already describ$4 ,cut a piece ( c>dbo>d to fit ov] ! top ( box & make holes 9 x1 ,l & ,m 9 ,fig4 #dec4 ,glue ! res]voirs "u ^!4 ,make a c>dbo>d tray to fit "u ! :eels = ! s& to fall 94 ,ano!r :eel might be add$ to "w ! sails ( ! w9dmill 9 ! di/ance4 ,v f9e s& mu/ be us$ = work+ ^! toys1 ! be/ is silv] s& & x %\ld be kept z dry z possible4 ,fig4 #deg %[s ano!r modification ( ?is toy4 ,b is a box turn$ upside d[n & plac$ 9 front ( t conta9+ ! s&-:eel4 ,a is ! c>dbo>d backgr\nd1 suitably col\r$4 ,! sailor's legs are cut 9 "o piece & glu$ into a slit 9 ! box4 ,! body is fa/5$ to !m at ,f by a small pap]-clip s t x moves v freely4 ,! arm is fa/5$ on at ,g4 ,a small mat* /ick passes ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! h& & is glu$ 9 ! hole 9 circumf]5ce ( :eel ,e4 ,! axle1 ,m ,n1 to :i* ?is :eel is glu$ passes ?r\gh ! c>dbo>d or wood5 /&>d1 ,d1 ?r\gh a hole 9 ! backgr\nd1 ,a1 & ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! s&-:eel4 ,d is fix$ to ! box4 ,! arm ( ! crane1 ,c1 made ( c>dbo>d or ?ree-ply1 is glu$ to ,d4 ,a hole is made at ,g & a correspond+ hole 9 ,a opposite ,g4 ,pass a small /ick ( wood or cane1 ,k1 ?r\gh ^! holes & glue x 94 ,! crane %\ld be ab\t #a in* f ! backgr\nd4 ,k keeps ! arm ( ! crane /eady4 ,tie a piece ( cotton to ! axle ( :eel ,e1 pass x ov] ,k or ov] a small pulley :eel revolv+ on ,k ,g2 tie to x a ?9 wire hook to :i* a pap] box or b>rel c be fa/5$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #deg ,9 ! same way a sailor c be made to "w a w9dlass & drag a pap] boat up a slop+ bea*1 a man c draw wat] f a well or turn a b>rel organ1 or a pap] m\se gumm$ to a c>dbo>d base c be drawn along until x disappe>s into its hole4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #deh ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,toys ,,work$ ,,by ,,:eels1 ,,etc4 ,fig4 #deh %[s h[ a cl[n c be m\nt$ on a c>t s t :5 ! c>t is drawn along he dances & waves 8 arms4 ,9 toys ( ?is k9d1 ! :eels %\ld be q half-an-in* 9 ?ickness4 ,!y are glu$ on to r\nd axles :i* turn freely 9 small screw-eyes or 9 holes 9 wood5 blocks fa/5$ "u ! c> or c>t4 ,if any "p ( ! axle projects beyond ! :eel x gets 9 ! way ( ! wires4 ,! cl[n is made ( c>dbo>d or ?ree-ply1 accord+ to design giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,x is !n fa/5$ securely to rod ,b1 & ! latt] glu$ into a hole 9 ! middle ( ! c>t4 ,fairly /rong wire is fa/5$ to ! :eel by a nail ) a broad head s t :5 ! wire is loop$ r\nd ! nail x turns freely on ! nail b does n come (f4 ,! wire is b5t at "r angles twice to br+ x close to ! figure1 z %[n at ,a4 ,x mu/ fit accurately into ! holes 9 ! figure4 ,notice t "o leg passes on ea* side ( ! po/4 ,! cl[n works be/ :5 cut out ( wood4 ,9 ?is case ! body ,e & po/ ,b may be cut out 9 "o piece1 "o leg & "o arm are !n atta*$ to ! front ( ! body1 & "o leg & "o arm beh9d4 ,fig4 #dei %[s a soldi] on ! m>*4 ,he is made ( ?ree pieces ( wood4 ,head1 body1 arms & /& ,a are cut out 9 "o piece1 ! legs are cut out sep>ately & rivet$ loosely to ! body2 only two pieces ( wire are ne$$1 "o on ea* side1 to "w ! legs4 ,! gun may be a piece ( wire or wood fix$ on aft]-w>d4 ,! :eels are #a_/b in* 9 ?ickness4 ,o!r simil> toys work$ by :eels c be made by cutt+ a hole 9 ! bottom ( ! c>t4 ,"o axle ( ! c>t mu/ run exactly "u ?is hole1 x mu/ be made ( wire & b5t z ,b ,c 9 ,fig4 #dfj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dei ,d & ,e are pieces ( t9 nail$ to ! c>t1 ?r\gh holes 9 :i* axle ,b ,c freely turns2 or wood5 blocks may be nail$ on = ! axle to turn 91 if t9 _c be obta9$4 ,! ends ( ! axle are securely fa/5$ into solid wood5 :eels4 ,z ! :eels revolve !y w pu% up & d[n a piece ( wire or wood5 rod1 ,f1 :i* is fa/5$ to ! b5t "p ( ! axle4 ,n[ ,f c be us$ to "w a numb] ( simple toys1 if its free end is fa/5$ to ! "p :i* x is desir$ to move4 ,= example by ?is means an animal's m\? may be made to op5 & %ut z x is :eel$ along1 or its head to wag2 a blacksmi? may be made to /rike 8 anvil1 ! drumm] to beat 8 drum4 ,! +5i\s *ild w be able to adapt ?is simple piece ( me*anism to _m a toy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfa ,a ,lively ,dog4 ,cut out ) a fret-saw two pieces ( wood z ,f 9 ,fig4 #dfa1 :i* repres5ts ! body & legs ( a dog 9 "o piece4 ,n[ cut out ! head ,h 7notice l5g? ( neck beh9d body7 & ! tail ,k f wood #a_/d in* ?ick4 ,n[ glue ! two bodies to a piece ( /ripwood ,a 7#a_/b in* by #a_/b in*7 plac$ along ! tops ( bodies inside 7,fig4 #dfb71 & bevell$ s t ! legs ( ! dog w be fur!r ap>t ?an ! upp] portion4 ,! legs are jo9$ by pieces ( /ripwood1 ,m1 #a_/d in* by #a_/d in*1 ab\t #a-a_/b in*es long4 ,notice t ! ends ( ^! /rips are bevell$4 ,n[ make hole1 ,e1 9 ! head-piece2 notice t !re is ! same l5g? ( wood above ,e z bel[ x4 ,make correspond+ holes ,e 9 sides ,f4 ,pass a piece ( wire ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! dog's head & see h[ x hangs2 ! head portion w be ! heavi] & s9k4 ,n[ take ! head (f1 saw out a piece ( wood at ,b1 ins]t a piece ( lead & try aga94 ,x is an easy matt] if too mu* lead has be5 add$ to cut (f a little4 ,:5 ! head is correctly balanc$1 z 9 ,fig4 #dfa1 b5d ov] ! wire s t x _c come (f4 ,! tail1 ,k1 is atta*$ 9 ! same way4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfd ,small :eels1 ,n1 cut f "s conv5i5t r\nd rod are !n nail$ to ,m4 ,! dog %\ld be suitably col\r$4 ,:5 drawn along he wags 8 tail & b5ds 8 head4 ,! legs look r bett] if cut out sep>ately & glu$ to ! sides4 ,! ,tumbl+ ,cl[n or ,monkey4 ,cut out c>dbo>d or wood5 animals simil> to ^? 9 ,"p ,i1 ,*apt] ,,xx1 b use no lead4 ,n[1 in/ead ( sw++ !m on a p]*1 make a hole at ,b :]e !y /&2 take a piece ( copp] wire1 ab\t #a_/h in* ?ick & #f in*es long4 ,b5d x slightly z 9 ,fig4 #dfc4 ,pass ! wire ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! animal1 s t ! animal fits tightly on x exactly 9 ! middle ( wire4 ,! animals are be/ cut out ( ?ick c>dbo>d4 ,fig4 #dfd %[s a suitable animal1 & ! foll[+ f ,*apt] ,,xx--,figs4 #bef1 #beg1 #bei1 #bfc & #bfd--;c be adapt$4 ,z no lead c be us$ = ! purpose to :i* we are n[ go+ to put !m1 animals t balance )\t lead1 z 9 ,fig4 #dfd1 are ! mo/ suitable4 ,!re=e 9 design+ !m1 "o mu/ take c>e t ! hole ,b is exactly at ! c5tre ( gravity1 & ! b5d ( body1 ,d 7t is wide/ "p ( body71 j bel[ ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfe ,to make ! ,monkey tumble4 ,cut a piece ( wood #ab in*es by #b-a_/b in*es1 & fix p>allel b>s to ?is z 9 ,fig4 #dfe4 ,file or cut not*es 9 ! ends at ,a1 to keep ! monkey f tumbl+ (f 9 8 zeal4 ,n[ put ! wire ) ! monkey 9 ! middle across "o end ( ! rails4 ,pu% ! monkey head ov] heels & he w g on solemnly turn+ ov] & ov]1 h[ev] long ! rails are1 until he l&s 9 safety 9 ! not*es at ! o!r end4 ,x is ! b5d 9 ! wire & c>efully balanc$ body ( ! monkey t makes him behave s delightfully4 ,! long] ! /& is ! bett]1 = !n two or ?ree cl[ns1 monkeys & cockatoos c foll[ ea* o!r rapidly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dff ,! b>s mu/ be high en\gh to all[ ! monkey to turn )\t t\*+ ! gr\nd--#d-a_/b in*es high w j d if l5g? ( monkey f ,b to ,c 7,fig4 #dfd7 is #d-a_/b in*es4 ,fig4 #dff %[s two cl[ns sw++ toge!r2 a v>iety ( funny figures c be made to foll[ ea* o!r along ! b>s4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,kites1 ,,glid]s1 ,,& ,,a]oplanes ,kites4 ,p]haps "o ( ! easie/ kites to make is "o :i* ! *ildr5 ( ,annam & ,tonk+ delight to play )4 ,to make x1 ?ree light bamboo canes are requir$--ab\t #b feet 9 l5g?--^? us$ = fl[]-/icks w d q well4 ,tie !m /rongly toge!r z 9 ,fig4 #dfg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfh ,! backbone ,e ,f %\ld be q rigid1 b ! cross-pieces ,a ,b & ,c ,d are bett] if !y are slightly curv$4 ,a %eet ( light pap] mu/ n[ be pa/$ f ,a ,b to ,c ,d und]nea? ,e ,f 9 su* a way t x is q tight "u ,e ,f1 b r loose betwe5 ,a ,c & ,b ,d4 ,fig4 #dfh %[s h[ ! pap] %\ld be cut4 ,g ,h is ! exact di/ance betwe5 ,e & ,f2 ,j ,k & ,l ,m are wid] ?an di/ances betwe5 ,a ,c & ,b ,d 9 ,fig4 #dfg1 s t :5 ! flaps on ! pap] are pa/$ ov] ! cross-bits ! pap] is loose betwe5 ,a & ,c & betwe5 ,b & ,d 7,fig4 #dfg74 ,! secret ( ! balance is to h ! flutt] at ! edges q equal4 ,fig4 #dfg %[s h[ ! /r+ is fa/5$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dfi ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgj7;a7 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgj7;b7 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dga ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgc ,a ,box ,kite4 ,?is is a v common =m ( kite & q easy to make4 ,take f\r la?s f #bg to #cj in*es 9 l5g? & f\r pieces ab\t #ac in*es 9 l5g?4 ,! small] pieces are fa/5$ toge!r ) nails & glue1 z 9 ,fig4 #dgj 7a7 & 7b74 ,to ! ends ( ^! ! long pieces are nail$ & glu$1 z 9 ,fig4 #dgj 7b74 ,m>k (f ! long pieces into ?irds & ov] ! two end ?irds sew /rips ( light mat]ial4 ,tie on ! /r+ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #dfi4 ,?is kite is said to be an ,am]ican inv5tion4 ,a simil> kite may be made triangul> 9 =m4 ,fig4 #dga %[s ano!r =m ( ! box kite4 ,"h ! mat]ial cov]s a little less ?an #a_/d ( ! /rip ,a ,b4 ,cross-b>s ,e ,f & ,c ,d are ti$ across ! middle & to ! f\r sides1 & w+s are sewn on to !m4 ,figs4 #dgb & #dgc are modifications ( ! triangul> =m ( kite4 ,9 bo? ^! kites ! long /rips ( wood are f #b-a_/b to #c feet 9 l5g?4 ,notice t 9 ,fig4 #dgb1 ,a ,b is ! same l5g? z ,d ,e1 ,f ,g ,d ,h2 ,e ,h ab\t #a_/d ( ,e ,d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgd ,9 ,fig4 #dgc ,a ,b ,c ,d4 ,c ,e ab\t #a_/d ( ,c ,d4 ,f ,g equal ab\t #a_/c ( ,a ,b4 ,f ,c ,c ,e4 ,a ,h & ,j ,k are light frames ( /ripwood cov]$ ) calico4 ,! diagrams %[ h[ ^! kites are put toge!r4 ,a ,*9ese ,kite4 ,! kites us$ 9 ,*9a are v light & flimsy comp>$ to our kites1 z !y are made ( tissue pap] & bamboo4 ,9 mak+ "o x is bett] to use some:at /rong] pap]4 ,! pap] is cut out z 9 ,fig4 #dgd1 ! two upp] sides be+ slightly %ort] ?an ! two l[]4 ,leave two rectangul> pieces ,a1 ,a1 at ea* end ( ! %ort] sides4 ,a piece ( split bamboo1 slightly flatt5$1 is glu$ firmly to ! pap] f ,b to ,c4 ,a second piece ( bamboo tap]+ at ! ends is us$ z a cross-piece ,d4 ,?is is b5t z 9 ! figure s t :]e x crosses ! backbone1 ,b ,c1 x is only a few in*es f ! apex1 ,b4 ,x is ti$ to ,b ,c at ,d4 ,its tap]+ ends are pa/$ d[n to ! pap] by means ( ! two flaps1 ,a1 ,a4 ,bamboo ,b ,c %\ld n be m ?an #a_/c in* 9 wid?1 piece ,d1 #a_/d in*4 ,to prev5t ! pap] gett+ torn 9 a good breeze1 tie f9e cotton r\nd ! bord] ( ! kite--i4e4 f ,b to ,a1 to ,c1 to ,a1 & to ,b aga94 ,pa/e a ?9 m>g9 ( pap] ov] ! cotton1 enclos+ x1 & to ! kite4 ,?is mu/ be done s t ! face ( ! kite is p]fectly flat2 x mu/ n bag 9 any way4 ,to fly ! ,kite4 ,mu* dep5ds on ! way 9 :i* ! 'belly-b&' is ti$ on4 ,its upp] /r+ is ti$ to ,d1 & ! l[] to ! backbone1 ,b ,c1 almo/ any:]e bel[ a l9e f ,a to ,a4 ,if ! two /r+s are v ne> toge!r1 ! kite behaves 9 a m lively mann]1 d>t+ ab\t 9 all directions4 ,! kite mu/ be coax$ into ! air by a s]ies ( j]ks & pulls :5 ! apex ( ! kite is fac+ upw>ds4 ,x is incl9$ to turn r\nd at fir/ & "s pati5ce is requir$ to le>n :5 to pull & :5 to j]k4 ,if "o pulls at ! wrong "t x w d>t d[n & !n unless suffici5t /r+ is quickly let out1 x w fall to ! gr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dge ,:5 once ! kite is up1 x does n keep /ation>y l an ,engli% kite1 b is always d>t+ ab\t2 a skilful fly] c make a kite d>t d[n & almo/ t\* ! ro( ( a h\se at a great di/ance (f1 & !n d>t up aga9 almo/ ov]head4 ,x is n an easy kite to manage1 b :5 once ! art ( fly+ x is ma/]$ x is nev] =gott54 ,glid]s4 ,! e>lie/ type ( toy fly+-ma*9e consi/$ ( a two-blad$ t9 propell] spun on a frame by unw9d+ /r+1 z ) a top1 & sudd5ly let g4 ,x is easily made1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #dge1 :]e ,a is a t9 propell] nail$ by nails ,c & ,c to a l>ge reel ,b4 ,9 mak+ ?is toy ! nails mu/ be driv5 into ! reel fir/1 _! heads are !n cut (f & !y are tightly fitt$ into holes 9 propell] ,a4 ,d is ! axle on :i* ! reel sp9s & ! h&le = hold+ x2 ,e is a wa%]4 ,?is fly+-ma*9e is work$ by sm>tly pull+ a l5g? ( /r+ w\nd ar\nd ! reel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgf ,mod]n a]oplanes are f> m difficult to make ?an ?is2 !y ne$ pati5ce1 skill & exp]im5t1 & besides a k ( h[ to twi/ & b5d wood by /eam+ x2 pl5ty ( cane & :alebone wire1 tissue pap] or f9e ,japanese silk1 & catapult ela/ic1 :i* is g5]ally ! motive p[] us$ 9 work+ model a]oplanes4 7,messrs ,gamage1 ,holborn1 ,w4,c41 /ock ske9s ( specially prep>$ ela/ic47 ,9 ?is *apt] only ! simple & well-kn[n types w be v briefly describ$1 ! boy :o is int]e/$ mu/ get special books on ?is subject f 8 libr>y4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! beg9n] mu/ "k :at ! ?ree types ( ma*9es us$ 9 design+ models g5]ally are--viz4 7#a7 ! glid] or motorless model1 a glid] be+ a w+$ /ructure1 :i* :5 releas$ f a height does n fall directly to ! gr\nd1 b desc5ds gracefully at a g5tle slope2 7#b7 ! monoplane1 :i* is con/ruct$ m or less on ! l9es ( a bird2 & 7#c7 ! biplane or d\ble-w+$ a]oplane4 ,glid]s may be ei!r ( ! monoplane or biplane type4 ,exp]im5ts ) glid]s w enable boys to f9d out "s ( ! pr9ciples on :i* a]oplanes are built1 & w prep>e !m to und]take ! con/ruction ( m difficult =ms4 ,9 mak+ "o's fir/ glid] "o _c d bett] ?an copy a bird4 ,on a piece ( pap] draw a circle1 fold x 9 half1 draw a bird on "o half1 z 9 ,fig4 #dgf1 cut x out1 :5 ! pap] is op5$ x w appe> z 9 ! figure4 ,if ?is bird is ?r[n head fir/ t[>d ! gr\nd1 x w probably fall4 ,if two little bits ( c>dbo>d are gumm$ on ea* side ( 8 head1 he w make a bett] flight & l& on ! gr\nd aft] mak+ a g5tle curve4 ,a /ill bett] bird may be cut f c>dbo>d1 a half cut is !n made along a b to b5d x1 & ! head is weight$ ) seal+-wax4 ,h[ well ?is bird flies dep5ds on ! weight1 & to "s ext5t on ! %ape ( ! bird4 ,birds ( v>i\s %apes & ) diff]5t am\nts ( seal+-wax %\ld be tri$1 until "o is made t glides to ! gr\nd 9 a long1 graceful curve4 ,9 mak+ bird glid]s ! foll[+ po9ts %\ld be rememb]$3 7#a7 ,draw ! bird 9 a circle z already expla9$1 ?is ensures t ! w+s w be exactly balanc$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgg 7#b7 ,if ! head 9 ,fig4 #dgf is n long en\gh = a graceful flight1 a long] head cut f c>dbo>d c be pa/$ on4 7#c7 ,if ! bird dives quickly d[n head fir/1 y "k t ! head is too heavy1 or ! neck too long4 7#d7 ,if ! bird rises & !n falls ! head is too light & probably n long en\gh4 7#e7 ,! w+s c be made l>g] if necess>y by ! addition ( tissue-pap] w+s gumm$ on z ,a 9 ,fig4 #dgg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dgi ,ano!r ,glid]4 ,cut out a piece ( pap] #h in*es by #d in*es1 ,a ,b ,c ,d 9 ,fig4 #dgh4 ,m>k ,b ,e & ,d ,f ea* #a in*2 make cuts along ! d>k l9es at ,e & ,f to ! dep? ( #a in*4 ,draw ! brok5 l9es along ! pap]1 divid+ x into f\r equal /rips4 ,b5d sides ,a ,e & ,c ,f d[nw>d along dott$ l9es4 ,b5d ,e ,b & ,f ,d upw>d along middle dott$ l9es1 & press side ,c ,f t[>d side ,a ,e1 "p way along ?is l9e1 b leav+ ! "p ne> ! ends ,a ,c flat2 to ?is end plane ,k w be gumm$ 7,fig4 #dgi74 ,k is #f in*es by #a in*4 ,cut tail1 ,g1 & gum on z 9 diagrams4 ,x c be weight$ at ,h by gumm+ sev]al /rips ( c>dbo>d across or by affix+ seal+-wax4 ,al?\gh ?is is n a v graceful-look+ glid] x works mo/ successfully1 & w describe q a graceful curve t[>d ! gr\nd4 ,! *ild w f9d x int]e/+ to make a numb] ( ^! glid]s & !n g "o day to a w9d[ or high place & let !m glide to ! gr\nd & ?us f9d out ! bird t has ! longe/ flight4 ,or a numb] ( *ildr5 c h glid] races & see :o c make a glid] t alights on ! gr\nd f>!/ f !m4 ,o!r =ms ( glid]s c be made1 b !y are all on ! same pr9ciple1 a some:at long body1 w+s & weight adju/$ to keep !m f fall+4 ,fig4 #dhj %[s a glid] made f a d[el rod1 ) slits 9 x at ea* end ?r\gh :i* two c>dbo>d planes are pass$ & fa/5$4 ,! c>dbo>d mu/ be ( light weight & yet /iff en\gh n to flap4 ,! size ( ! planes mu/ be f\nd by exp]im5t1 = _! size w dep5d naturally ^u ! weight ( ! mat]ial us$4 ,! bigg] plane %\ld be 9 l5g? ab\t twice ! small] "o4 ,x is be/ to fa/5 ! l>ge plane on fir/ & !n adju/ ! small] "o to give a long1 graceful flight4 ,if a split pole c be f\nd x is an easy matt] to fa/5 ! planes 94 ,canes 7bamboo7 split readily & c be us$ z c5tre pole4 ,?is glid] c fairly easily be made into an a]oplane & work$ ) a propell]4 ,x may be m5tion$ "h t model a]oplanes are g5]ally work$ ) ! propell] 9 front & n 9 ! re>4 ,to make ,propell]s4 ,^! c be made ( t9 or wood4 ,a t9 propell] c be cut f any old t9 ) a pair ( %e>s or /rong scissors kept = ! purpose4 ,cut two blades to ! %ape %[n 9 ,fig4 #dha4 ,next cut an oblong block ( wood 7,fig4 #dhb72 notice t wid? a b 9 ,fig4 #dhb mu/ equal a b 9 ,fig4 #dha1 !re=e wid? ( a b mu/ be a little less ?an a b 9 ,fig4 #dha4 ,slit ea* end diagonally z 9 ,fig4 #dhb = ab\t #a_/b in* to hold ! blades4 ,drill a hole ?r\gh c5tre ( block = ! wire axle d c4 ,ins]t ! blades 9 ! slots1 b5d ! ends ov] slightly & nail !m 9 ! wood to keep !m firm4 ,fix ! wire %aft firmly 9 ! block z 9 ,fig4 #dhb4 ,! propell] is n[ ready to be atta*$ to ! glid]4 ,be=e ?is is done1 h[ev]1 we %all consid] ! mak+ ( a wood5 propell]4 ,?is is r m difficult to make4 ,cut a piece ( wood to ! %ape %[n 9 ,fig4 #dhc ) a %>p p5-knife4 ,! propell] mu/ !n be giv5 ! correct twi/ by means ( ! /eam+ kettle4 ,take hold ( ! extreme ends ( ! propell] & hold x ov] ! jet ( /eam s t /eam plays ^u ! blades at ea* side ( ! ?ick c5tral portion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dha ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhe ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhf ,:5 ! wood is supple1 twi/ x z 9 ,fig4 #dhd4 ,?is s\nds easi] to d ?an x really is1 ! difficulty be+ to get ! twi/ on "o side exactly equal to ! twi/ on ! o!r4 ,= ?is reason ! t9 propell]s are m satisfactory to make4 ,h[ev] suppose ! correct twi/ has be5 giv51 ! next ?+ to d is to s&-pap] ! wood5 propell] c>efully & file a groove ar\nd ! middle at ,a2 n[ wrap a piece ( wire1 ,a ,c1 tightly ar\nd ! propell] 9 ?is c5tral groove1 & put on ! head1 ,b4 ,! propell] is n[ ready to be fa/5$ to ! glid] %[n 9 ,fig4 #dhj4 ,to fa/5 ,propell] to ,glid]4 ,cut a piece ( t9 to ! patt]n %[n 9 ,fig4 #dhe1 b5d along ! dott$ l9e2 make a hole at ,f = axle1 ,b ,c1 to g ?r\gh4 ,b5d portion ,e r\nd ! front end ( ! glid]1 keep x 9 its place by b5d+ x ) ?read coat$ ) glue2 portion ,f ) ! hole is b5t d[n at "r angles z %[n 9 ,fig4 #dhf4 ,n[ pass axle1 ,a ,c1 ?r\gh hole ,f1 b5d end ,c into a hook4 ,put screw-eye ,d 9 ! rod ab\t "o-?ird ( l5g? ( rod f ! o!r end 7see ,fig4 #dhf74 ,fa/5 /r&s ( ela/ic f hook ,c to ,d4 ,x is be/ really to h a hook at ,d s t ! ela/ic c be slipp$ ov]4 ,! /r&s %\ld be j loose en\gh to rema9 taut :5 unw\nd4 ,:5 ! propell] is 9 position ! planes w probably h to be readju/$4 ,! t9 propell] c be atta*$ 9 a simil> way4 ,^! propell]s w d = almo/ any simple design ( a]oplanes4 ,:5 ! motor is w\nd up = flight1 ! numb] ( turns to give to ! propell] w dep5d ^u ! /r5g? & numb] ( ! ela/ic /r&s us$4 ,ab\t a hundr$ turns is a usual numb]4 ,?r[ ! motor =w>d 9 a slightly d[nw>d direction2 because x is a glid] x w t5d to foll[ a g5tle curve to ! gr\nd at fir/1 b ! :irl+ propell] w t5d to c>ry x =w>d & upw>d4 ,! fir/ attempts may be failures1 b ^! models are well wor? _m trials4 ,! ,hawk ,a]oplane 7,fig4 #dhg7 is a common fly+ toy work$ z ! above by ela/ic4 ,cut two blocks ( wood1 ,a1 ,a2 make holes 9 !m z %[n4 ,into ! squ>e holes fix & glue two squ>e rods ,c4 ,?r\gh ,a bore a hole = ! piece ( cane1 ,b ,b1 to pass ?r\gh4 ,f is a wire sp9dle ) a hook at "o end = ela/ic2 x passes ?r\gh ! hole 9 block ,a1 ?r\gh two beads1 & ?r\gh a piece ( cork1 ,f1 into :i* x mu/ be fix$4 ,k is a piece ( cane b5t z 9 diagram1 pass+ ?r\gh a hole 9 cork1 ,h4 ,! b5d is m p]man5t if ! cane is held to ! sp\t ( a boil+ kettle2 ! ends ( ,k %\ld be slightly w>p$ 9 opposite directions4 ,into block ,a ano!r wire hook is fix$ & b&s ( ela/ic are pass$ ov] ?is hook & ! opposite "o1 z 9 ! diagram2 ! m b&s ! bett]4 ,! cane ,b ,b is b5t r\nd at ea* end & fa/5$ to ! wood5 rods1 ,c ,c1 by ?read4 ,! cane1 ,k ,k1 is fa/5$ by ?read z 9 ! diagram2 ! ?read c pass ?r\gh a hole 9 ! cork4 ,spaces ,t1 ,t1 ,t1 ,t are cov]$ ) ?9 tissue pap] gumm$ to ?read & cane by means ( ov]lapp+ edges4 ,! model is w\nd up & set go+ l ! previ\s "o4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 to h x prop]ly balanc$1 & x mu/ be made z light z possible2 ! blocks ,a1 ,a may v well be cut f cork4 ,light bamboo cane c be us$ = po/s1 ,c ,c4 ,at its be/1 h[ev]1 ! ,hawk ,a]oplane is n s good a fly] z ! fir/ model describ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhg ,an ambiti\s & clev] boy :o has once grasp$ ! pr9ciples on :i* fly+-ma*9es are made c ?9k out _m models = himself & copy "s ( ! m elaborate ones4 ,! biplane makes a v effective toy1 b is omitt$ "h because x is some:at difficult to con/ruct4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,m ,,old-,,fa%ion$ ,,toys ,jacob's ,ladd]4 ,?is is a v old & +5i\s puzzle & an amus+ toy4 ,x is v simply made4 ,a numb] ( blocks ( wood mu/ be made1 #d #b-a_/b #c_/h4 ,any numb] may be us$1 b n less ?an sev52 twelve is a v good numb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhh ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dhi ,r\nd ! edges ( ! blocks & make !m smoo? ) s&-pap]1 z 9 ,fig4 #dhh4 ,cut /rips ( tape ab\t #a_/d in* wide & long en\gh to g ov] ! r\nd$ ends ( ! blocks1 a1 b1 b1 etc41 9 ,fig4 #dhh4 ,!re are ?ree tapes to ea* block4 ,nail & glue tape a to ! c5tre ( upp] end ( block ,a2 x is !n br\ght ov] & d[nw>d "u ! middle ( ! l[] end ( block ,b & fa/5$4 ,tapes b b are n[ fa/5$ to ! opposite end ( ,a ab\t #a_/d in* f ! end on ei!r side1 & are !n br\ght r\nd ! opposite end ( ,b1 z %[n 9 ! diagram4 ,! c5tre tape c is fa/5$ to ,b & !n br\ght d[n und]nea? to c5tre ( ! opposite end ( ,c4 ,! tapes mu/ be arrang$ l ?is ?r\gh\t ! :ole set ( blocks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dij ,fig4 #dhi %[s h[ ! blocks are held :5 !y are all complete4 ,top block ,a mu/ be turn$ s z to br+ ! second block to ! same level4 ,! top ( ?is block !n falls1 & x appe>s to pass rapidly d[n fir/ on "o side & !n on ! o!r1 until x rea*es ! bottom4 ,?is is only :at seems to happ54 ,:at really happ5s is t ! second block becomes rev]s$ & falls back aga91 9 its =m] position4 ,?is makes x come level ) ! ?ird block1 :i* at once falls ov] on ! f\r?1 & s on to ! end ( ! ladd]4 ,a v illusive effect is ?us produc$4 ,! blocks might be col\r$ ) "s bright enamel pa9t1 contra/+ col\rs on opposite sides4 ,! ,trellis ,toy 7,fig4 #dij74 ,! /rips ( wood = ?is toy %\ld be z ?9 z possible4 ,!y are fa/5$ toge!r at po9ts #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 etc41 by small pieces ( wire1 or by rivets b5t d[n to prev5t _! slipp+ (f1 b n too tightly1 s t ! toy works easily4 ,heads c be cut out ( c>dbo>d pa9t$ & glu$ to ! wood4 ,/rips ,a & ,b %\ld be wid] at "o end & h holes made 9 !m = h&les4 ,a ,runn+ ,m\se4 ,?is toy is made ( fret-wood1 two ord9>y reels & ela/ic4 ,*oose two reels ( ab\t #a-a_/b in*es 9 l5g?1 diamet] ab\t #a in*4 ,cut out a piece ( wood1 ,a1 to measurem5ts giv5 7,fig4 #dia74 ,) a fret-saw cut out ! head 7,fig4 #dib72 slit ,b is a little wid] ?an ! ?ickness ( ! wood1 s t ! head wags ab\t v easily :5 wir$ to ! body 7,fig4 #did74 ,cut out f\r legs z 9 ,fig4 #dic4 ,! reels "w beh9d ^! s t ! %ape ( ! leg p>tly hides !m4 ,nail ! back legs to ! body z %[n 9 ,fig4 #did4 ,make a r\nd axle to fit "o ( ! reels s t x turns easily on x2 cut x ! exact l5g? ( ! di/ance betwe5 ! two back legs1 pass x ?r\gh ! reel & glue its ends1 ,c1 to ! legs s t ! reel comes slightly bel[ ! legs & c run along easily4 ,n[ make holes1 ,d1 9 ! front legs1 & nail !m to ! body s t holes ,d are on a level ) ! axle ,c4 ,make a hole ?r\gh ! body ,a1 midway betwe5 ! front legs1 ?r\gh :i* ! /r+1 ,e1 w pass4 ,make holes 9 ! o!r reel & ins]t wire /aples at ea* end z 9 ,fig4 #die4 ,fa/5 to & w9d r\nd ! reel ab\t a y>d ( /r+4 ,pass rubb] b&s ?r\gh ea* /aple 7,f 9 ,fig4 #die7 & ?r\gh ! holes ,d 9 ! front legs & knot on ! outside4 ,pass ! /r+ ?r\gh ! hole 9 ,a 7,fig4 #dif74 ,to fa/5 ,head on4 ,make two holes 9 ! head exactly ov] ea* o!r1 ,g & ,h 9 ,fig4 #dib4 ,slip ! head on to ! body & make a hole ?r\gh ! body1 betwe5 holes ,g & ,h1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #dig4 ,b5d a piece ( wire z 9 ,fig4 #dih1 di/ance betwe5 b5t ends be+ equal to di/ance betwe5 holes ,g & ,h2 slip ! wire ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! body1 pass ! ends ( ! wire ?r\gh holes ,g & ,h1 !n b5d ! ends ov] to ! position %[n by ! dott$ l9es 9 ,fig4 #dih2 ! m\se's head w !n sw+ f side to side4 ,make a hole 9 end at ,l 7,fig4 #did7 & ins]t a tail ( ?ick /r+4 ,a piece ( wood1 ,m1 %ap$ z 9 ,fig4 #did1 may be glu$ along "p ( ! body1 ,a1 a little to "o side s z n to int]f]e ) /r+1 ,e4 ,! :ole may be suitably col\r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dia ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dib ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dic ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #did ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #die ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dif ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dig ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dih ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dii ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ejj ,! toy works 9 ?is way4 ,if x is plac$ on ! floor & ! /r+ held1 ! weight ( ! toy w make ! tw9e unw9d1 ?us caus+ ! ela/ic :i* supports ! reel to twi/4 ,:5 ! /r+ is slack5$1 ! ela/ic w untwi/ aga91 mak+ ! reel revolve & ! toy run along ! gr\nd4 ,figs4 #dii & #ejj %[ a black beetle t c be made 9 ! same way2 ! ant5n may be made ( wire4 ,o!r suitable animals are a liz>d & a crocodile4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eja ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ejb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ejc ,a ,hygroscope4 ,! cottage is made ( ?9 wood ab\t #a_/h in* to #c_/h in* 9 ?ickness1 accord+ to measurem5ts giv5 9 ,fig4 #eja4 ,! sides are ab\t #c-a_/b in*es4 ,! plat=m or floor on :i* x /&s1 #f-a_/b in*es by #d in*es4 ,! sides ( ! ro( are #d in*es by #d in*es1 s t x projects slightly4 ,! doors 9 front are #a-a_/d in*es wide & #c in*es high1 & are cut out ) ! fret-saw2 ab\t half-an-in* ( ! p>tition betwe5 ! doors is cut away to all[ ! disc on :i* ! figures /& to sw+ r\nd4 ,cut ) fret-saw a circul> disc ( wood #a_/h in* ?ick1 diamet] #c in*es4 ,drill a hole ?r\gh ! c5tre & fit into x q tightly a piece ( wire b5t into a loop z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ejb4 ,drill a hole 9 ! floor ( ! cottage1 ab\t an in* f ! middle ( ! p>tition4 ,! wire axle %\ld fit into ?is s t x turns easily1 b n too loosely1 o!rwise ! disc on :i* ! figures /& w wobble4 ,j ov] ?is hole !re mu/ be ano!r hole 9 ! ro(4 ,?is c be made by fil+1 ) r\nd fret-saw file1 a little holl[ 7,fig4 #ejc7 9 ea* ( ! top sides ( ! ro(1 s t :5 !y come toge!r a hole is =m$4 ,! back1 sides1 floor & ro( may n[ be nail$ & glu$ toge!r4 ,next cut out f ?ree-ply wood ) ! fret-saw two little figures z 9 ,fig4 #eja2 !y %\ld be ab\t #b in*es to #b-a_/d in*es1 & %\ld be suitably col\r$4 ,^! are glu$ to ! wood5 disc4 ,! disc is hung f ! ro( by a piece ( catgut2 a knot is made at ! end to prev5t x slipp+ ?r\gh1 ! o!r end be+ ti$ to ! wire loop2 ! wire passes ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! floor4 ,! catgut mu/ be long en\gh to all[ ! disc to turn r\nd completely on its axis4 ,f\r pieces ( wood or f\r small reels are glu$ to ! corn]s ( ! floor to prev5t ! wire axle f t\*+ ! gr\nd4 ,! front mu/ n be put on until ! model is f\nd to "w correctly4 ,to d ?is1 hang ! disc s t x is p>allel to ! gr\nd1 & s t bo? figures are look+ out ( _! respective doors2 !n tie ! knot at ! top & wait = a *ange ( wea!r4 ,suppos+ on a damp day ! cricket] comes =w>d & ! boy 9 mack9to% & s\'we/] retires indoors1 ?is is because ! catgut is twi/+ ! wrong way1 !re=e ! end t is fa/5$ to ! ro( mu/ be fa/5$ to ! wire loop1 & vice v]sa4 ,n[ ! front c be glu$ on4 ,x c be suitably pa9t$1 %[+ door-po/s1 w9d[s1 bricks1 etc4 ,:y ! ,hygroscope works4 ,catgut has ! peculi> prop]ty ( absorb+ moi/ure f ! air & twi/+ up & becom+ %ort]2 :5 ! air is dry x untwi/s to its orig9al l5g?2 ! damp] ! air ! great] is ! am\nt ( ! twi/4 ,h5ce 9 ! model1 z ! catgut twi/s & untwi/s accord+ to ! /ate ( ! atmosph]e1 ! little figures sw+ 9 & out ( ! cottage doors4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,lift1 ,,pont ,,r\lant1 ,,t[] ,,bridge ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ejd ,a ,lift4 ,!re are a v>iety ( ways ( mak+ a lift4 ,"o ( ! simple/ is %[n 9 ?is *apt]4 ,! fir/ ess5tial is a wood5 box1 oblong if possible1 s t !re c be _m floors4 ,! measurem5ts giv5 9 ?is *apt] are = q a small model made f a %all[ oblong box1 #i-a_/b in*es by #ad-c_/d in*es1 & ab\t #b-a_/b in*es 9 dep?4 ,s&-pap] ! inside & cov] x ) "s pretty pap]4 ,m>k (f di/ances ,a ,c & ,b ,d 7,fig4 #ejd7 equal to #b-a_/b in*es2 rule l9es ,a ,b & ,c ,d along ! bottom ( ! box2 glue pieces ( /ripwood #a_/d in* by #a_/b in* 7,a ,b & ,c ,d 9 ,fig4 #ejd7 along ! bottom ( ! box = ! lift to run up & d[n betwe54 ,! lift is made next4 ,cut two pieces ( wood #b-a_/b in*es by #b-a_/d in*es2 nail to ! corn]s ( "o piece f\r pieces ( /ripwood1 #a_/d #a_/d #c4 ,fa/5 ! o!r piece ( wood to ^! f\r po/s by means ( screw-eyes4 ,n[ leave ! lift = a :ile4 ,cut two pieces ( c>dbo>d1 ,a ,b ,e ,f & ,c ,d ,h ,g1 to divide ! box into ?ree long divisions1 z 9 ,fig4 #ejd4 ,see t !y project #a_/d in* beyond ! box4 ,divide ^! /rips into ?ree p>ts & draw & cut out doors z 9 ! diagram2 ! l9e = ! floors mu/1 ( c\rse1 be well above ! top ( ! lift1 :ile ! height ( ! doors mu/ correspond to t ( ! lift4 ,n[ glue ^! /rips ( c>dbo>d to ! pieces ( /ripwood ,a ,b & ,c ,d z 9 diagram2 see t ! doors op5 into ! rooms on ea* side1 & n into ! lift4 ,see t ! lift runs easily up & d[n betwe5 ! c>dbo>d /rips2 s&-pap] x if x does n4 ,make f\r holes 9 ! top ( ! box1 a1 b1 c1 d 9 ,fig4 #eje4 ,tie ?read or black y>n to ! screw-eyes1 cross x & pass x ?r\gh ! holes z 9 ! figure1 !n pass ! f\r cables ?r\gh screw-eye ,k4 ,:5 ! lift is on ! gr\nd1 pull ! /r+s taut & tie a knot bel[ ! screw-eye4 ,! lift c be rais$ by means ( w9d+ ge> atta*$ to ! side z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,v1 on ! crane2 ! weight ( ! lift w pull x d[n aga91 or if ?is is n en\gh x c be weight$ ) lead4 ,fig4 #eje %[s ano!r way ( work+ ! model4 ,screw-eyes c be fa/5$ to ! bottom ( ! lift & ?read ti$ to !m z be=e2 ^! ?reads mu/ pass ?r\gh f\r holes 9 ! bottom ( ! box1 ?r\gh a hole 9 ! support ,l ,m & ?r\gh screw-eye ,q2 ! bottom /r+s are !n knott$ to ! top /r+s at ,r1 & ! lift c be l[]$ & rais$ by mov+ knot ,r up & d[n4 ,! supports ,n ,p & ,l ,m are made ( pieces ( /ripwood #a_/b in* by #a_/d in*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eje ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ejf ,cut a door out ( c>dbo>d z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ejf & glue x ov] ! front ( ! lift4 7,9 ,fig4 #ejf ! dott$ l9es are half cuts1 ! black l9es are cut47 ,nail /rips ( wood #a_/d in* by #a_/d in*1 ,e ,f & ,h ,g1 9 front ( ! lift & glue ! pieces ( c>dbo>d to !m4 ,!y keep ! lift f fall+ =w>d4 ,if ! lift is mov$ up & d[n1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #eje1 x is be/ = x to fit fairly tightly s t x /ays into :atev] position x is pull$4 ,c>dbo>d floors1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d 7,fig4 #ejd71 are add$1 & kept 9 position by pieces ( /ripwood4 ,! rooms on ea* side c be furni%$ accord+ to ta/e & accord+ to _! size4 ,! lift itself may be f9i%$ (f ) adv]tisem5ts1 directions to travell]s1 etc41 accord+ z x is int5d$ = use 9 a railway /ation1 a hotel1 a /ore1 etc4 ,?is toy1 al?\gh s simply made1 is v effective4 ,pont ,r\lant at ,sa9t-,malo4 ,?is is a pretty model to make4 ,fir/ glue f\r pieces ( /ripwood1 #c_/h #a_/h #d-a_/b1 toge!r 7,a ,a ,a ,a 9 ,fig4 #ejg74 ,nail & glue to ! corn]s ( ?is framework f\r r\nd rods1 #aj-a_/d in*es long & #a_/d in* 9 diamet]4 ,d[el rods su* z ^! are some:at difficult to nail on2 h[ev]1 %\ld ! wood ( ! little frame split1 or ! hole 9 ! d[el rod be made too l>ge = ! nail1 & s make ! /ructure un/eady1 ! discs ( cork 7,c 9 ,fig4 #ejg71 :i* h a hole fil$ 9 ! middle ( !m & are glu$ to ! rods & ! framework1 help to consolidate ! :ole4 ,simil> discs ( cork are plac$ r\nd ! middle ( rods1 ,b1 & at ! tops ( ! rods4 ,^! s]ve to hold ! black y>n :i* rigs ! /ructure4 ,! pieces ( cork at ! top h ! additional advantage ( mak+ a /eadi] base = ! plat=m to re/ on4 ,if ! poles are n all cut exactly ! same l5g?1 ! discs ( cork c be rais$ above ! %ort] poles & ! plat=m on top made p]fectly horizontal4 ,^! cork discs also give a l>g] surface to glue ! plat=m to4 ,in/ead ( d[el rods1 iron wire #a_/h in* 9 diamet] c be us$4 ,^! wire rods mu/ h cork discs on !m l ! wood5 rods1 b !y mu/ be glu$ into holes 9 ! l[] framework & 9 ! plat=m4 ,hav+ fix$ ! rods 9 position1 ?read is ti$ und]nea? a bottom piece ( cork 7,c#e 9 diagram71 pass$ ov] ! top ( rod ,b#c & kept !re by ! cork disc at ! top1 r\nd ! bottom ( po/ ,b#d & "u ! bottom cork1 ov] ! next po/ & s on1 s t ! ?reads cross ea* o!r z 9 ! diagram4 ,?read is also ti$ r\nd ! middle ( ! rods j above corks ,c#a1 ,c#b1 ,c#c1 & ,c#d4 ,?read is also ti$ f ,c#b to ,c#c1 & ,c#a to ,c#d4 ,pieces ( /ripwood1 #c_/h #a_/h #d-a_/b1 are glu$ across ! frame ,a ,a ,a ,a4 ,next ! plat=m has to be made2 ?is is a piece ( wood #h-a_/b in*es squ>e & #a_/h in* 9 ?ickness4 ,be=e glu+ x on to ! f\r po/s x is be/ to make & fa/5 to x ! cab91 rail+s1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ejg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ejh ,! cab91 ,e1 9 ! middle is #c in*es squ>e & #b in*es high2 x is cut out ( c>dbo>d4 ,flanges mu/ be left = glu+ x to plat=m1 & = glu+ ! ro( to x4 ,doors & w9d[s are drawn r\nd x or cut out4 ,! cab9 is !n glu$ 9 ! middle ( plat=m ,d4 ,! ro( is a piece ( c>dbo>d #c-a_/d in*es by #h-a_/b in*es4 ,fig4 #ejh %[s h[ x is cut out1 half cuts are made along ! dott$ l9es1 & ,g1 ,k1 ,h1 ,m are b5t up to =m ! ornam5ts ,g1 ,k1 ,h1 ,m 9 ,fig4 #ejg4 ,! ro( is glu$ to ! top ( cab91 ,e1 & to ! tops ( po/s1 ,n1 :i* are pieces ( /ripwood #a_/d #a_/d #b4 ,triangul> pieces ( c>dbo>d are glu$ 9 ! corn]s1 z ,p 9 ,fig4 #ejg4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eji ,! rail+s are #a in* high2 !y c ei!r be made ( /rips ( c>dbo>d #a in* by #h-a_/b in*es support$ at ! corn]s & 9 ! middle by pieces ( /ripwood #a_/d #a_/d #a1 ) criss-cross l9es drawn on !m1 or be made z 9 ,fig4 #eji1 :]e ,a ,b & ,c ,d are /rips ( c>dbo>d #a_/d in* wide1 ,f is /ripwood #a_/d in* by #a_/d in*1 & #a1 #b1 #c1 etc41 are p>ts ( mat* /icks glu$ to ! c>dbo>d /rips4 ,seats c be plac$ r\nd ! rail+s1 & r\nd ! cab9 :]e !re are no doors4 ,a piece ( /ripwood1 ,r1 #a_/b #a_/b #a-a_/b1 is cut & fil$ z 9 ,fig4 #ejg & glu$ to ! middle ( ! ro(4 ,! plat=m is !n glu$ to ! tops ( ! po/s ) _! surr\nd+ corks4 ,! frame1 ,a ,a ,a ,a1 is m\nt$ on :eels #a-a_/h in*es 9 diamet] & #a_/d in* 9 wid?4 ,! axles are pieces ( /ripwood #a_/d in* by #a_/d in*1 to :i* ! frame ,a ,a is glu$4 ,! rails on :i* x runs 7a b 9 ,fig4 #ejg7 are made 9 a simil> mann] to ^? describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xiii1 = ! transport] bridge4 ,x is pull$ along by ?read ti$ to screw-eyes ,x & ,y1 & w\nd up by w9d+ ge> simil> to t describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eaj ,fig4 #eaj %[s h[ high tide c be repres5t$ by means ( boxes & c>dbo>d2 ,d1 ,e1 ,f are boxes :i* =m a quay into :i* ! c> runs4 ,a1 ,b1 ,c are pieces ( c>dbo>d re/+ on pieces ( /ripwood glu$ to boxes ,d1 ,e1 ,f1 & simil> boxes on ! o!r side1 or ! c>dbo>d c re/ on boxes4 ,if boxes _c be f\nd big en\gh = ,d1 ,e & ,f1 sev]al boxes c be built up4 ,slots a b & c d mu/ be left wide en\gh = ! supports to pass freely1 & ! ?reads mu/ be omitt$ at front & back4 ,! rails mu/ lie exactly "u slots a b & c d4 ,! pieces ( c>dbo>d ,a1 ,b & ,c %\ld be col\r$ blue4 ,! ?read f ! c> und]nea? ! wat] c pass into box ,f & up ?r\gh a hole 9 ! top1 :]e ! w9d+ ge> c be plac$1 b1 ( c\rse1 x c be work$ f bel[4 ,%eets ( c>dbo>d ,a & ,c c be surr\nd$ by boxes or fa/5$ 9 a l>ge box1 or h c>dbo>d walls built ar\nd x4 ,t[] ,bridge4 ,a v simple & effective model ( ,t[] ,bridge c be made1 :i* w prove a delightful play?+4 ,! measurem5ts giv5 9 ?is *apt] ne$ n be foll[$1 b ! bridge c be made l>g] or small] accord+ to ta/e4 ,! :ole /ructure c be ( wood or ( wood & c>dbo>d4 ,two small boxes are requir$1 made ( wood #a_/d in* ?ick1 ab\t #d in*es 9 l5g?1 bread? & height4 7,if su* small boxes _c be f\nd !y mu/ be made47 ,take (f "o side ( box1 ,a ,b ,c ,d 9 ,fig4 #eaa1 :i* %[s ! me*anism ( ! toy4 ,into ! edges ,d ,f & ,c ,e screw two small screw-eyes1 ,g & ,h1 ab\t #a_/d in* f ! top4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eaa ,n[ cut a piece ( wood #h-a_/d in*es long = ! bridge4 ,! wid? ( bridge a b mu/ be equal to wid? ( int]ior ( box4 ,= ! pres5t model x w be #c-a_/b in*es4 ,! wood us$ = ! bridge %\ld be ab\t #a_/h in* ?ick4 ,n[ rule a l9e #e-c_/d in*es f end a b4 ,on ?is l9e screw 9 two small screw-eyes1 ,k & ,l1 ( ! same size z screw-eyes ,g & ,h4 ,! axle1 ,m ,n1 may be ei!r iron wire 79 :i* case ! bridge may "w r loosely7 or1 :at is bett]1 a wood5 rod t j fits ! screw-eyes4 ,:i*ev] axle is *os5 cork discs %\ld be plac$ at ea* end to prev5t x slipp+ out4 ,be=e ! bridge is fa/5$ on1 screw-eyes ,o & ,p are screw$ 9 x ne> ! end c d4 ,screw-eye ,p mu/ be f> en\gh f ! edge b d to cle> screw-eye ,r :5 ! bridge is upright4 ,! same ) screw-eye ,o4 ,a piece ( /rong ?read is ti$ to screw-eye ,p1 pass$ ?r\gh screw-eye ,r1 & ?r\gh a hole 9 ! drawbridge above screw-eye ,r1 b cle> ( axle1 ,m ,n4 ,a simil> piece ( ?read is ti$ to screw-eye ,o1 pass$ ?r\gh ,q1 & ?r\gh a hole 9 ! bridge4 ,n[ cov] up top1 ,a ,b ,c ,d1 ) a piece ( c>dbo>d1 b d n br+ ?is q up to ,b ,c1 9 ord] n to int]f]e ) ! work+ ( ! bridge4 ,make holes 9 ! c>dbo>d = ! /r+s to pass ?r\gh4 ,!n cov] up ! front portion1 ,d ,c ,f ,e1 bel[ ! bridge ) c>dbo>d4 ,! t[] 7,fig4 #eab7 mu/ next be made4 ,?is is =m$ ( "o piece ( c>dbo>d3 height1 a b1 #i in*es2 wid?1 c d1 #c-a_/d in*es4 ,9 ! sides fac+ ! bridge l>ge op5+s1 ,e1 are cut ab\t #b-a_/b in*es high4 ,small op5+s1 ,f & ,g1 ab\t #a-a_/b in*es high & #c_/d in* broad1 are cut = ! ov]head foot bridges4 ,^! are made ( long pieces ( c>dbo>d #b in*es broad1 b5t 9 ?ree divisions to =m ! pa? & sides4 ,! latt] are m>k$ to repres5t rail+s4 ,!y %\ld be long en\gh to pass well inside ! t[] ?r\gh op5+s ,f & ,g1 & ?r\gh ! correspond+ op5+s 9 ! opposite t[]4 ,!y c be glu$ into position by pieces ( /ripwood or left movable4 ,a door1 ,a1 %\ld be made 9 ! top ( ! t[] & a plat=m put 9 to make a comp>tm5t = work+ ! bridge4 ,! pieces ( ?read are br\ght up ?r\gh holes 9 ?is plat=m & fa/5$ to rod ,b1 :i* passes ?r\gh holes 9 sides ( t[]1 & is kept f slipp+ out by cork discs4 ,:5 ?is rod is turn$ ! bridge w rise or fall4 ,if a l>ge model is be+ made a prop] little w9dlass ) a h&le c be con/ruct$ inside ! upp] room ( ! t[]4 ,! ?reads pass up on ea* side ( ! t[] s z n to int]f]e ) ! traffic pass+ "u ! ar* ( ! bridge4 ,! t[] is fa/5$ up ) flanges & glu$ to ! wood5 box ) ! help ( small blocks ( wood4 ,a squ>e pyramid is plac$ on ! top ( ! t[]1 & ! :ole is suitably col\r$4 ,a picture ( ! real ,t[] ,bridge is a great help :5 f9i%+ (f ! model4 ,a simil> bridge & t[] are made = ! o!r side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eab ,to keep ! wood5 boxes ! "r di/ance ap>t 7t is1 s t bridge ,x j t\*es bridge ,y7 nail or glue !m to a long /rip ( wood pa9t$ blue4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no ne$ to fa/5 !m p]man5tly4 ,! +5i\s toy-mak] w f9d a hundr$ ways ( improv+ ?is toy4 ,!re are _m additions t c be made if a picture ( ! ,t[] ,bridge is consult$2 c>dbo>d pa?s c lead to bridge ,x1 r\nd ! outside ( ! t[]2 rail+s c be add$ to bridges ,x & ,y 7b see t !y are n 9 ! way :5 ! bridge goes up671 & s on4 ,! me?od ( rais+ & l[]+ ! bridges is capable ( a numb] ( modifications4 ,x %\ld be ! pleasant bus9ess ( ! mak] to improve ?is model1 & n be cont5t ) too slavi%ly foll[+ ! directions giv54 ,bridges are among ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+s 9 ! _w1 & !re are c\ntless happy h\rs 9 front ( ! little toy-mak] :o sets to "w to collect pictures & writt5 acc\nts ( bridges1 & :o tries to imitate ^!4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,sold]+4 ,,screw ,,/eam]4 ,,toys ,,work$ ,,by ,,w9d ,,& ,,by ,,convection ,,curr5ts ,sold]+4 ,a k ( sold]+ makes _m m toys possible1 besides be+ a useful acquirem5t 9 itself4 ,! foll[+ are ! mat]ials ne$$3 #a4 ,a sold]+ iron 7,fig4 #eac74 ,?is c be b\ght = sixp5ce at any ironmong]'s4 ,x is be/ to get "o n too long 9 ! /em1 z o!rwise x is difficult to hold x /eady4 #b4 ,a /rip ( s(t sold]1 price ab\t ?ree-halfp5ce4 #c4 ,sold]+ fluid or flux4 ,?is c be made at home f a p5nywor? ( spirits ( salt 7f an oil %op74 ,put a little ( ! spirits into a sep>ate bottle & drop a few scraps ( z9c into x4 ,:5 x has /opp$ fizz+ x is ready = use4 #d4 ,a p5nywor? ( res94 #e4 ,a piece ( %eet t94 ,sold]+ is n ne>ly s difficult z p ?9k4 ,!re is "o ?+ really ess5tial = its success1 & t is unlimit$ pati5ce 9 clean+ ! metal surfaces to be jo9$ toge!r4 ,sold] w n adh]e to dirty metal4 ,! surfaces mu/ be ?or\ghly scrap$ & clean$ ) an old knife1 !n fil$1 rubb$ ) em]y-clo? & protect$ by a coat+ ( flux4 ,! flux requir$ = use %\ld be kept 9 a %all[ di% 7e4g4 a meat-pa/e j>71 to prev5t x be+ upset2 x c be put on ) a small bru%4 ,! copp] bit ( ! sold]+ iron mu/ be cov]$ ) a ?9 film ( sold] be=e any sold]+ is done2 ?is is to ensure t x is p]fectly free f dirt or du/4 ,?is process is call$ t9n+ ! bit4 ,x is q simple4 ,heat ! iron to a dull r$ heat1 n q r$ hot1 z ! sold] w\ld o!rwise be de/roy$4 ,!n quickly file ! f\r faces ( ! po9t to remove any dirt or oxide t may h got on x & :i* w\ld prev5t ! sold] f /ick+ to ! bit4 ,next dip ! bit = a second or two 9 ! sold]+ fluid & melt (f a drop ( sold] on to ! piece ( %eet t9 on :i* is put a little piece ( res94 ,turn ! po9t ( ! bit r\nd & r\nd 9 ! melt$ sold] until x is completely coat$4 ,x is v important t ! sold]+ iron %\ld at no "t be ov]heat$1 z ?is t9n+ w\ld be burnt (f2 nor c x be repeat$ too (t5 t ! surfaces to be jo9$ mu/ be ?or\ghly clean$2 failure to d ?is is 9 mo/ cases ! cause ( unsuccessful sold]+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eac ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ead ,to sold] h&le ,a to ,b 7,fig4 #ead74 ,?or\ghly clean t "p ( ,b to :i* ,a is to be fa/5$1 & h&le ,a1 rubb+ ! edges ( ,a ) em]y-clo?4 ,place ,a on ,b & rub a little flux ) a bru% along ! jo94 ,dip ! bit into ! flux & drop a spot or two ( sold] on ! edges by apply+ ! heat$ iron to ! end ( ! /rip ( sold]4 ,apply ! bit to ! sold] & trail ! sold] ) ! po9t ( ! hot iron r\nd ! jo9 s t x is fill$ up4 ,a little practice w soon enable ?is to be done successfully1 & ! skill ?us acquir$ makes ! foll[+ toy possible4 ,a ,/eam] ) a ,screw ,propell]4 ,fig4 #eae %[s ! size & %ape ( ! /eam]4 ,x %\ld be ab\t #d in*es wide amid%ips1 #c-a_/b in*es deep1 & holl[$ out z ?9 z possible1 accord+ to directions giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,fig4 #eaf %[s ! measurem5ts = ! /]n4 ,! b[s %\ld be %>p4 ,?is boat mu/ be fairly l>ge to take ! tube :i* runs ?r\gh x4 ,fa/5 a /rip ( lead #a_/h in* ?ick to ! bottom ( ! keel4 ,pa9t ! boat a suitable col\r4 ,:5 x is dry place x 9 ! wat] & m>k on ! /]n-po/1 ,a ,b 7,fig4 #eaf71 ! height to :i* ! wat] comes1 = ! propell] mu/ come j bel[ ?is4 ,midway betwe5 ?is po9t & ! end ( ! keel bore a hole1 ,c1 9 ! /]n-po/1 ?r\gh ! boat 9 ! direction ( ! top ( ! b[4 ,?is hole %\ld be #c_/h in* wide & c be made ) a r$-hot wire4 ,a brass tube mu/ n[ be b\ght f a gasfitt]'s1 #c_/h in* ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eae ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eaf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eag ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eah ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eai ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eba ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebc outside measurem5t1 & long en\gh to rea* f ,c to ab\t #c-a_/b in*es beyond ! end ( ! b[4 ,n[ cut a piece ( t9 #c_/d in* wide & #b in*es long4 ,b5d ! middle ( x r\nd ! tube & ! ends outw>d 7,fig4 #eag74 ,pun* holes 9 ea* end4 ,sold] ?is /rip r\nd ! tube ab\t #d-a_/b in*es f "o end4 ,at ?is end file f\r tee?1 ab\t #a_/h in* deep1 z 9 ,fig4 #eah4 ,n[ pu% ! end t is n fil$ ?r\gh ! hole 9 ! /]n f ! inside ( ! boat1 s t x is flu% ) ! wood1 & fa/5 ! o!r end to ! /em ( ! boat by driv+ small nails ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! /rip ( t9 into ! boat4 ,to prev5t wat] ent]+ ! boat put "s putty r\nd ! tube :]e x passes ?r\gh ! wood4 ,be=e fa/5+ ! tube 9 ! boat1 r\nd out ! end ( ! b[ slightly s t ! tube w re/ securely on x )\t project+ too mu* above ! gunwale4 ,make ! deck & fix x z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,bore a hole1 ,d1 9 ,fig4 #eaf1 ne> ! /]n "r ?r\gh ! deck s t x comes out "u ! c\nt] ab\t #a in* f ! /]n-po/4 ,x %\ld be l>ge en\gh = a piece ( /\t wire to pass ?r\gh4 ,?is is = ! rudd]4 ,to make ! ,rudd]4 ,cut a piece ( brass wire ab\t #a_/af in* ?ick1 #f-a_/d in*es long4 ,cut ! rudd] out ( t9 & %ape z 9 ,fig4 #eai4 ,sold] x on to ! wire s t ! end ( ! rudd] is flu% ) ! end ( ! wire4 ,pass ! wire ?r\gh ! hole1 ,d1 & b5d z 9 ,fig4 #eai4 ,cut a /rip ( t9 ab\t #a_/c in* 9 wid?1 pun* holes 9 x1 po9t ! ends1 b5d !m ov] & fa/5 !m into ! deck s t ! /rip is "u ! b5d1 ,e1 ( ! till]4 ,press ! till] ov] & into "o ( ^! holes2 ?us ! rudd] c be held firm 9 its requir$ position = /e]+4 ,9 ! middle ( ! deck cut a hole ab\t #c_/d in* 9 diamet] = ! funnel1 :i* is a tube ( t9 ab\t #d in*es long4 ,! ,propell]4 ,cut a circle ( t9 #b in*es 9 diamet] & inscribe a hexagon2 cut z 9 ,fig4 #ebj1 ! %ad$ portions be+ cut away4 ,pun* a hole 9 ! c5tre & into ?is fix1 by sold]+1 a piece ( brass wire 7#a_/af in* ?ick71 #b in*es long1 to =m an axle4 ,w>p ! fans ( ! propell] out ( ! plane ( ! circle ab\t #a_/d in*4 ,make two pieces ( wood %ap$ z 9 ,fig4 #eba4 ,bore a hole ?r\gh ea* & by fil+ ) a small r\nd fret-saw file enl>ge x to #a_/af in*4 ,put a glass bead1 ,f 7,fig4 #ebb71 on wire ( propell]1 & put ! wire ?r\gh "o ( ! pieces ( wood1 b5d ! end into a small hook4 ,take ano!r piece ( wire1 pass x ?r\gh ! second piece ( wood & b5d x z 9 ,fig4 #ebc4 ,n[ take a piece ( /rong ela/ic1 #a_/d in* wide & ab\t #c-a_/b feet long2 tie ! ends toge!r4 ,?is mu/ be pass$ ?r\gh ! tube 9 ! boat4 ,to d ?is1 tie a piece ( /r+ to ! ela/ic1 & drop ! /r+ ?r\gh ! tube f ! /]n end1 & by means ( ! /r+ pull ! ela/ic ?r\gh1 fir/ hook+ "o end ( x to ! hook on ! propell] wire1 ,fig4 #ebb4 ,!n pu% ! piece ( wood1 ,g1 into ! tube1 s t ! screw cle>s ! rudd]4 ,n[ hook wire1 ,h 7,fig4 #ebc71 into ! ela/ic1 & pu% wood1 ,k1 into tube4 ,! wood mu/ be cut away s t ! h&le1 ,m1 c cat* 9 ! tee? ( ! tube4 ,to make ! boat "w1 hold ! propell] /eady ) "o h& & w9d up ! ela/ic by ! h&le1 ,m2 put ! h&le 9 "o ( ! tee? to keep ! ela/ic twi/$2 set ! rudd]1 put ! boat into ! wat]1 let g ! propell] & ! boat w g on until ! ela/ic is unw\nd4 ,in/ead ( "o b& ( ela/ic1 sev]al ?9n] b&s may be us$1 & m motive p[] c ?us be obta9$4 ,toys work$ by ! ,w9d4 ,cut out ( fret-wood 7#a_/h in* ?ick71 or ?ree-ply wood1 a man read+ a pap] ) "o foot rais$ & re/+ on a box4 ,! man %\ld be ab\t #e-c_/d in*es & 8 rais$ foot #a in* f ! gr\nd1 z 9 ,fig4 #ebd4 ,! %oeblack is cut out 9 ?ree pieces4 ,fir/ ! kneel+ portion1 ,a 7,fig4 #ebe71 is cut #b in*es high & a hole made at b2 !n ! head ) "p ( ! arm to ! elb[ atta*$1 z ,h 9 ,fig4 #ebf1 ab\t #a-c_/d in*es high1 & ) holes at d & e2 !n ! h& 7) long %oe-bru%7 & arm to elb[1 z ,k 9 ,fig4 #ebg2 make a hole at f4 ,l5g? ( ,k #b-a_/d in*es4 ,n[ jo9 ,k to ,h by wire or a rivet ?r\gh holes f & e1 s t x sw+s loosely1 !n jo9 ,h to ,a by a wire ?r\gh holes d & b4 ,col\r ^! two figures suitably4 ,! base on :i* ! figures re/ is a piece ( wood ab\t #ab in*es by #c in*es4 ,! next ?+ to be made is ! me*anism t works ! figures4 ,fir/ cut a piece ( /ripwood #a_/d #a_/d #g1 ,a 9 ,fig4 #ebd4 ,! fan or propell]1 ,b1 is made by cutt+ a small circul> piece ( wood or cork ab\t #a in* 9 diamet] & securely fix+ r\nd x five w9d flaps z %[n4 ,^! flaps are be/ made ( t94 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebe ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebh ,n[ get a piece ( /\t copp] wire 7ab\t #a_/af in* ?ick71 ,d 9 ,fig4 #ebd1 & b5d x z 9 diagram4 ,! be/ way to effect ?is b5d is fir/ to make a sort ( elongat$ ,u1 z 9 ,fig4 #ebh2 ?is c be done ) p9c]s4 ,!n put "p ,a 9 a vice & b5d ,b ,c & ,d ,e out at "r angles4 ,cut x ! "r l5g? s t ! b5d w come on a level ) ! %oeblack's bru% & "o end w come above po/1 ,a4 ,! wire1 ,d1 %\ld be po9t$ or well smoo!d ) a file at ! l[] end1 s t x w turn easily on a piece ( glass glu$ to ! base4 ,wire ,d is support$ by two wire hoops or screw-eyes plac$ 9 po/ ,a4 ,! holes ?r\gh :i* x passes mu/ n be too l>ge or x w wobble & n turn smoo?ly4 ,n[ all ! p>ts are ready = putt+ toge!r4 ,glue ! %oeblack on fir/1 !n opposite to him ! man4 ,see t ! bru% passes ov] ! %oe4 ,if = any reason ?is does n happ51 a l>g] bru% c be cut f wood or c>dbo>d & pa/$ ov] ! %oeblack's h&4 ,n[ fa/5 po/ ,a beh9d ! man s t ! b5d ( ! wire1 ,d1 w be 9 ! "r position2 pass wire1 ,d1 ?r\gh ! wire loops or hooks 7^! are be/ made ( copp] wire72 glue ! top ( x into ! hole 9 ! propell]4 ,glue a piece ( glass1 ,e1 "u ! o!r end4 ,connect by a ?9 piece ( wire ! %oeblack's bru% ) b5d 9 ,d4 ,! figure w n[ "w well 9 ! w9d4 ,! %oeblack is ! toy "o mo/ (t5 sees work$ 9 ?is way4 ,a man saw+ wood is ano!r fav\rite model1 & c be made 9 exactly ! same way4 ,two knights fight+ c also be made2 ?is involves1 h[ev]1 two propell]s4 ,toys work$ by ,convection ,curr5ts4 ,^! are less int]e/+ toys because !y d n admit ( mu* v>iety4 ,! toy is work$ ov] a gas burn]1 :]e x acts z a ceil+ protector4 ,z ! p[] available f convection curr5ts is v slight1 e c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! figure w "w smoo?ly4 ,z ! toy is expos$ to heat1 ! sold]+ mu/ be well done4 ,fig4 #ebi %[s h[ ! toy is made4 ,! little sailor is cut out ( %eet metal 7t9n$ plate72 8 limbs are fix$ by means ( rivets or eyelets 7! latt] are obta9able at a boot repair]'s74 ,take c>e t !y move freely4 ,!y w d s if ! holes are v smoo?4 ,! wire us$ is /eel wire ab\t #a_/af in*2 ?is is fairly easy to b5d4 ,wire ,a ,b is b5t z already describ$ 9 ! %oeblack4 ,x passes ?r\gh loops 9 ! wire at ,a & ,d4 ,x is kept f slipp+ ?r\gh at ,a by a r+ ( wire sold]$ on ! top4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ebi ,! propell] at ,b is simply a t9 disc ) radial cuts1 ea* sector be+ twi/$ at an angle by a pair ( pli]s4 ,! propell] is held by a turn 9 ! wire & by a t\* ( sold]4 ,notice t ! feet ( ! figure are turn$ r\nd ! wire on :i* x /&s4 ,!y c be sold]$ = great] security4 ,! h& is also curl$ r\nd ! crank p91 b x mu/ be free to turn on x4 ,! wire framework1 ,e1 is sold]$ to a circle ( t91 ,c1 :i* fits on ! top ( ! lamp4 ,z ! figure has to be small x %\ld be z long z possible4 ,a pair ( scissors %\ld be kept = cutt+ t91 or t9man's snips c be us$2 cutt+ pli]s & c5tre pun*es w also be ne$$4 ,holes1 h[ev]1 c be pun*$ 9 t9 ) /rong r\nd nails & a hamm]4 ,r\nd files are ne$$ = mak+ holes smoo?4 ,empty t9 cani/]s =m a supply ( t9 plate4 ,adju/able cycle spann]s are useful = b5d+ wire at "r angles2 a hide mallet is a great conv5i5ce4 ,be=e mak+ a toy l "o ( ^? describ$ x is well to practise b5d+ wire ) vice1 hamm] & mallet4 ,9 ! la/ toy1 if t9n$ plate & t9n$ /eel wire are us$1 ! sold]+ is a fairly easy matt]1 because ! t9n+ has already be5 done4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvii ,,build+s ,,at ,,home ,,& ,,abroad ,a ,f>mh\se4 ,"y *ildr51 hav+ cut out ( c>dbo>d or fret-wood ! animals & trees describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xx1 hav+ con/ruct$ a bridge1 a well1 a dove-cot1 & o!r small models scatt]$ ?r\gh ?is volume1 take consid]able pleasure 9 arrang+ _! toys into pretty gr\ps & attractive comb9ations4 ,at ?is /age ! lack is (t5 felt ( "s object ( c5tral int]e/1 ( some?+ to 'pull ! composition toge!r1' z an art critic w\ld put x3 ! f>m sc5e requires a f>m1 ! dome/ic sc5e a villa1 ! ,ea/]n animals & trees an ,indian temple1 or "s su* build+1 to complete ! picture4 ,) reg>d to home sc5es1 *ildr5 may be advis$ at ?is /age to make = !mselves any h\se or build+ t suits _! fancy4 ,! basis ( ! toy w always be ! f\r walls plus a ro( describ$ 9 ! ,noah's ,ark 7,"p ,i1 ,*apt] ,x72 m complicat$ c>dbo>d "w has already be5 /udi$ 9 ! ca/le 7,"p ,,ii1 ,*apt] ,x71 s *ildr5 :o are ambiti\s to a*ieve some?+ m picturesque ?an ! ,noah's ,ark may be advis$ to g out into ! suburbs or ! c\ntry1 & sket* any simple build+1 or set ( build+s1 :i* !y w\ld l to reproduce4 ,su* "w1 once attempt$1 becomes extremely fasc9at+1 & leads to v picturesque & delightful results4 ,to d really good "w1 h[ev]1 *ildr5 mu/ accu/om !mselves to plan v c>efully :at !y propose to d1 & to conv]t _! sket*es into a set ( draw+s to scale1 :i*1 9 ! case ( a build+1 %\ld include at lea/ a gr\nd plan & a c\ple ( elevations4 ,figs4 #ecj & #eca %[ h[ to lay d[n ! plan & elevations ( a simple build+ ( ! ',noah's ,ark' type1 to :i* h be5 add$ a front & a back door1 ) por*es1 bay & /orm w9d[s1 *imney-/acks1 & an ou?\se at ! back4 ,fig4 #ecb is ! front elevation to half scale4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ecj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eca ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ecb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ecc ,! addition ( ano!r entirely deta*$ ou?\se ) wide door at "o end1 = a c[%$1 to face ! back ( ! ma9 build+ & =m ! ?ird side ( a squ>e1 w give ! nucleus ( q an attractive f>m4 ,:5 once ! plans h be5 drawn1 a scale is plott$ bel[ to suit any size to :i* x is int5d$ to build2 all ! dim5sions %[n 9 plan & elevation are !n tak5 z requir$ ) divid]s1 read (f on ! scale1 tak5 anew on a foot-rule1 & transf]r$ to ! wood or c>dbo>d4 ,! scale giv5 on ! figure is = q a l>ge h\se1 ! gr\nd plan ( ! ma9 build+ measur+ #ae in*es by #aj in*es1 & t ( ! ou?\se #aj in*es by #e in*es4 ,^! two build+s _h be/ be con/ruct$ on sep>ate bases1 & ne$ n be p]man5tly jo9$2 ! ro( ( ! ou?\se c be c>ri$ r fur!r into t ( ! ma9 build+ ?an is indicat$ by ! l9e ,c ,h ,e1 & ! ma9 ro( alone cut c>efully to ! l9e ,c ,h ,e4 ,if ! ma9 ro( is made deta*able1 build+ ,a ,b ,c ,d w =m a receptacle = ! ou?\ses & ! :ole f>m /ock4 ,! brok5 l9e surr\nd+ ,a ,b ,c ,d & ,c ,e ,f ,g indicates ! dim5sions4 ,a h\se ( ?is size is be/ built ) a base & walls ( wood obta9$ f "s groc]s' boxes4#b ,if ! scale be m>k$ s t po9ts #j1 #aj1 #bj read #j1 #g-a_/b1 #ae1 giv+ a r$uction to ?ree qu>t]s1 ! ma9 build+ w measure #aa-a_/d in*es by #g-a_/b in*es1 & may be built entirely ( c>dbo>d4 ,if ! scale be m>k$ s t po9ts #j1 #aj1 #bj read #j1 #e1 #aj1 ,a ,b & ,a ,d measur+ respectively #g-a_/b in*es & #e in*es1 we %all h a small model t c be built ( v light mat]ials1 su* z /\t c>tridge pap] on a c>dbo>d base4 #b ,an excell5t & v /rong mat]ial = model-build+ is manufactur$ by ,messrs ,james ,spic] & ,sons ,limit$1 "u ! "n ( ,r\gh ,ca/ ,build+ ,bo>d4 ,x has a mo/ reali/ic :ite 'r\gh-ca/' surface4 ,x is obta9able 9 ! size #ah-a_/b in*es #bd in*es f ,messrs ,ri*>dson & ,co41 ,/ation]s1 #agf ,*>+ ,cross ,road4 ,! bay w9d[ w1 ( c\rse1 be made sep>ately1 & gumm$ into position by means ( flanges4 ,! por*es may be deta*able1 l ! ou?\se2 ! front-door por* is built ( eight pill>s ( /ripwood1 nail$ & glu$ to a wood or c>dbo>d base & to cross-beams above2 betwe5 ! pill>s may be fix$ a c\ple ( seats1 "o on ea* side ( ! door4 ,! back-door por* is support$ by f\r pill>s4 ,! ro(s are ( c>dbo>d4 ,! gr\nd-floor w9d[s1 indicat$ at ,w1 may be ei!r pa9t$ or cut out2 9 ! latt] case !y may be made to op5 or may be fitt$ ) celluloid w9d[-panes2 ^! y c beg f any amateur photograph] ( y\r acqua9tance2 he is sure to h pl5ty ( 'wa/]' films4 ,! doors %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be made to op54 ,! /orm w9d[s are easily made2 ! sides1 ,k ,l ,m1 are cut ) angle ,l ,k ,m half ! angle ,k ,o ,p1 ! latt] be+ 9 ! pres5t in/ance #gb4 ,! %ape ( ! w9d[ ro(s c be arriv$ at by exp]im5t+ ) a pap] template1 b m accurately by plott+ !m out to scale4 ,?us3 draw ,q' ,r' ,v' ,q ,r ,v1 ,r' ,t' ,r ,t1 ,q' ,s' & ,v' ,s ,q ,s2 jo9 ,s' ,t' & ,s ,t'2 !n ,q' ,v' ,s ,t' ,s' 7,fig4 #ecc7 is ! exact %ape 7leav+ ! flanges out ( acc\nt7 to :i* ! /orm-w9d[ ro(s %\ld be cut4 ,! ro(s ov] ! front por* & ! bay w9d[1 ! *imney /acks1 etc41 are ?\ght out & plott$ 9 ! same mann]1 ! solv+ ( ^! little problems be+ excell5t practice1 :i* may be turn$ to good acc\nt 9 aft] life4 ,! village *ur*1 ! village inn1 if x is old & picturesque1 %\ld =m good subjects = /udy & reproduction on ! l9es indicat$ above4 ,= "y p :o h exhau/$ ! possibilities ( _! imm$iate surr\nd+s we give a few models f l&s m remote4 ,! ,taj ,mahal1 ,agra4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ fam\s build+s 9 ,india1 & 0 erect$ by ! ,emp]or ,%ah ,jehan ov] ! body ( 8 fav\rite wife4 ,a v pretty model :i* closely resembles x c be made z foll[s3-- ,9 ,fig4 #ecd ! dome1 ,a1 is a pla9 india-rubb] ball1 circumf]5ce ab\t #aa in*es4 ,f\r india-rubb] balls1 circumf]5ce ab\t #f in*es1 are ne$$ z ,b ,b1 & f\r1 circumf]5ce ab\t #d-a_/b in*es1 = ! f\r columns 7,c 9 ,fig4 #ecd7 :i* surr\nd ! temple4 ,cut a piece ( fairly ?ick c>dbo>d1 #g in*es squ>e1 = ! ro( ( ! temple4 ,cut (f ! corn]s z 9 ,fig4 #ece4 ,9 ! c5tre describe a circle ) radius #a-c_/h in*es1 & r\nd x f\r small] circles ( radius #g_/h in*4 ,cut a /rip ( ?9 c>dbo>d #i in*es by #b in*es4 ,cut z 9 ,fig4 #ecf1 leav+ flanges ( #a_/b in*4 ,roll r\nd & fa/5 toge!r ) seccot9e & two small pap]-clips1 size #jj4 ,?is =ms ! "p ( ! temple m>k$ ,d 9 ,fig4 #ecd4 ,x is glu$ to ! ro( by ! flanges1 etc41 & ball1 ,a1 is glu$ into x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ecd ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ece ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #edj ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eda ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #edb ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #edc ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #edd ,be=e fa/5+ x toge!r1 m>k on x 9 ink ! patt]n indicat$ 9 ,fig4 #ecf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ecf ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ecg ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ech ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eci ,cut f\r /rips ( ?9 c>dbo>d #e-a_/b in*es by #a-a_/d in*es2 m>k (f #a_/d in* = flanges2 cut ea* z 9 ,fig4 #ecg2 b5d !m r\nd & fa/5 toge!r2 glue ! small] balls1 ,b1 ,b1 into !m & glue !m on ! ro( j ov] ! small] circles4 ,cut f\r /rips ( c>dbo>d #e in*es by #a in*2 cut & m>k z 9 ,fig4 #ecg1 & glue ?is r\nd ! smalle/ balls1 ,c4 ,measure di/ances ha1 ab1 bc1 cd1 etc4 7,fig4 #ece71 on a piece ( c>dbo>d1 & m>k out z 9 ,fig4 #ech4 ,make half cuts along ! dott$ l9es & leave flanges z %[n4 ,di/ance ak ah & lb bc cm nd4 ,make & cut out ! w9d[s & ar*4 ,cut ano!r piece ( c>dbo>d simil> to ?is4 ,^! two b5t r\nd & jo9$ toge!r =m ! sides ( ! temple4 ,n[ cut a piece ( c>dbo>d z 9 ,fig4 #eci1 leav+ flanges all r\nd4 ,b5d x r\nd & gum x toge!r4 ,?is is gumm$ und]nea? ! ro(1 be=e fa/5+ on ! out] walls1 & s]ves a d\ble purpose2 x helps to support ! ro( on :i* ! domes re/1 & prev5ts ! temple f look+ too holl[ :5 ! w9d[s are cut out4 ,to make ,t[]1 ,c ,e 7,fig4 #ecd74 ,x consi/s ( ?ree rolls ( ?9 c>dbo>d1 ,e ,f ,g1 ea* ab\t #b in*es high1 circumf]5ce #d-a_/b in*es4 ,circul> pieces ( c>dbo>d1 big en\gh to project ab\t #a_/d in* beyond ! columns1 =m ! plat=ms1 ,h1 ,j1 ,k4 ,und]nea? ea* plat=m triangul> pieces ( c>dbo>d are glu$1 z 9 ,fig4 #edj4 ,f\r ( ^! columns /& r\nd ! c5tral build+4 ,x is a great improvem5t if r+s ( c>dbo>d1 #a_/d in* wide1 are made & glu$ r\nd all ! small] domes1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #eda4 ,r\nd ! sides ( ! build+ /rips ( pap]1 ,l1 ,m1 ,n1 ,o 7,fig4 #ecd71 are gumm$1 ris+ ab\t #a_/b in* f ! ro(1 ) patt]ns drawn on !m z 9 ,fig4 #edc4 ,little c>dbo>d turrets 7,fig4 #edb7 are cut out & gumm$ 9 ea* corn]1 ,p & ,q 7,fig4 #ecd74 ,little cones ( pap]1 made by roll+ toge!r a circle cut z 9 ,fig4 #edd1 may be glu$ to ! tops ( ! domes4 ,! :ole %\ld be m\nt$ on a plat=m made ( a piece ( /\t c>dbo>d1 ,x ,y1 ab\t a foot squ>e or a little l>g]1 support$ on mat*-boxes plac$ two toge!r4 ,a r[ ( ^! across ! middle w prev5t ! plat=m f sagg+4 ,trees c be cut out z 9 ,*apt] ,,xx1 ,figs4 #dca & #dcf1 to /& r\nd ! temple4 ,a ,pagoda1 or memorial t[]1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,quei ,*[ 9 ,*9a 7,fig4 #ede74 ,?is is made ( n9e hexagonal prisms4 ,! bottom "o is #b in*es high1 ! sides be+ also two in*es2 ! dim5sions ( ! next are #a_/h in* less1 ! next ano!r #a_/h in* less1 & s on4 ,! la/ prism has side #c_/d in*1 height #c_/d in*4 ,an ornam5t = ! top c be fil$ f a cork or piece ( r\nd wood4 ,! plat=ms project ab\t #a_/d in* beyond ! prisms2 ! supports may be c>dbo>d or pieces ( ?9 wood4 ,! prisms are fa/5$ toge!r z describ$ 9 ! case ( ! ligh?\se 7,*apt] ,,xiii74 ,! :ole %\ld be pa9t$ to repres5t /ones1 & doors m>k$ on z 9 ,fig4 #ede4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ede ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #edf ,fig4 #edf %[s a ,mosque 9 an oasis 9 ! ,sah>a ,des]t4 ,"h ! dome1 ,a1 an india-rubb] ball1 is let into a circul> hole 9 ! ro(4 ,! t[]s or m9>ets are prisms ( c>dbo>d on top ( ea* o!r1 surm\nt$ by a piece ( d[el rod1 "o end be+ r\nd$ to a po9t4 ,trees c be cut out z 9 ! figure to =m a backgr\nd4 ,fig4 #edg %[s a ,japanese ,pagoda4 ,?is is built up 9 a simil> mann] to ! ,*9ese pagoda4 ,p>ts ,a ,b ,c ,d are squ>e prisms ab\t #a in* high2 ,e ,f ,g are truncat$ squ>e prisms4 ,!y are made l ! res]voir describ$ 9 ! models work$ by s& 7,*apt] ,,xxi71 b ! upp] p>ts h be5 cut (f2 !y are glu$ to ! squ>es ( c>dbo>d :i* re/ ^u ! tops ( ,a1 ,b1 ,c & ,d4 ,a piece ( c>dbo>d is glu$ ov] ! top ( ,e s t ,b c re/ ^u x1 & s on ) ! o!rs2 pieces ( pap] cut out z at ,h ,j are gumm$ r\nd ! edges4 ,!re are _m int]e/+ models t c be made 9 ?is way4 ,almo/ any good illu/rat$ geography book w provide pl5ty ( mat]ial f :i* pretty & int]e/+ =eign sc5es c be built up4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #edg ,,*apt] ,,xxviii ,a ,,!atre ,?is is a toy t w provide h\rs ( happy play4 ,!re are _m effective ways ( mak+ a toy !atre1 & ! plann+ & design+ ( "o is a pleasant piece ( "w4 ,?is *apt] gives a few sugge/ions to future !atre build]s1 :o mu/ adopt ^? t appeal mo/ to !m4 ,a l>ge /age is ! mo/ necess>y "p1 s t !re is pl5ty ( room to set up ! sc5es & room = ! actors4 ,a small /age limits ! *oice ( plays consid]ably4 ,a pretty & useful !atre c be made ?us4 ,get a wood5 box #h-c_/d in*es wide1 ab\t #a foot long & #b-a_/d in*es deep4 7,! !atre describ$ 9 ?is *apt] 0 made f a wood5 box conta9+ ,fry's ,nut ,milk ,*ocolate--?is box is exactly ! "r size47 ,?is box =ms ! basis ( ! plat=m2 /& x bottom upw>d1 nail to ! back ( x a piece ( wood1 ,g ,h ,c ,d1 :i* is #a foot squ>e 7see ,fig4 #edh74 ,! plat=m1 ,a ,b ,l ,m1 is a piece ( /iff c>dbo>d or wood1 ,a ,b is l5g? ( box1 ,l ,m is #b feet4 ,?is makes a f9e l>ge plat=m = arrang+ sc5es4 ,pieces ( /ripwood #a_/d in* by #a_/b in* are glu$ across ! plat=m1 ,a ,l ,b ,m1 ea* /rip a little ov] a #a_/d in* f ! o!r 7! #a_/d in* side is glu$ to plat=m74 ,ab\t elev5 /rips c be ?us glu$ across2 _! ends %\ld project ab\t #a_/d in* beyond ! plat=m4 ,! grooves ?us =m$ are = runn+ ! actors up & d[n 94 ,a piece ( wood1 a b c d1 is n[ cut #b feet by #c-a_/d in*es4 ,holes are drill$ along ! top ( x ab\t #a_/d in* 9 diamet]1 & r$ pap] gumm$ at ! back ( !m = ! footlights4 ,panels or a pretty design ( "s k9d %\ld be pa9t$ on x1 or x may h col\r$ pap] pa/$ on x4 ,?is piece ( wood is glu$ to ,k ,j ,e ,f s t its ends project equally on ea* side4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #edh ,n[ cut two pieces ( /ripwood #a_/b #a_/d #af-a_/d 7e b & f d 9 ,fig4 #edh74 ,bevel ! top ends to hold up c>dbo>d ro( e f ,g ,h 7! measurem5ts = :i* c be easily f\nd74 ,! ro( is secur$ by a flap glu$ beh9d ,a ,g ,h ,b1 ! ro( is also glu$ to ! tops ( ! /rips eb & fd4 ,^! po/s are glu$ to sides ( abcd4 ,be=e !y are glu$ on1 h[ev]1 !y mu/ h holes drill$ ne> _! upp] ends = pole1 ,n ,o1 to pass ?r\gh4 ,! curta9 mu/ be made ( fairly ?9 /uff glu$ to pole1 ,n ,o4 ,x c be pull$ up & d[n by means ( pulley :eels atta*$ on ea* side4 7,= mak+ pulley see ,"p ,i1 ,*apt] ,,xiv47 ,pieces ( lead c be sewn 9 ! corn]s to make ! curta9 run d[n m easily4 ,saw cuts are made across ! /rips ( wood t cov] ! plat=m along l9es ,b ,m & ,a ,l4 ,into ^! slits ! side sc5es fit4 ,^! side sc5es are cut out ( c>dbo>d & h draw+s & pa9t+ on !m accord+ to ! /ory t is be+ act$4 ,!y mu/ h slits cut 9 !m 7correspond+ to ! grooves 9 ! plat=m71 ! numb] ( slits dep5d+ on ! numb] ( actors4 ,= example 9 ,fig4 #edh side sc5e ,h f ,b ,m has an op5 door ?r\gh :i* ,r$ ,rid+ ,hood c be pu%$4 ,%e is cut out ( ei!r c>dbo>d or wood1 & glu$ to ! end ( a piece ( /ripwood1 #a_/d in* by #a_/d in*1 by means ( :i* %e is pu%$ f ! side along ! groove 9 ! /age & s (f ?r\gh ! correspond+ slit 9 sc5e ,g e ,l ,a4 7,9 ,fig4 #edh ! ,wolf is look+ ?r\gh ?is slot47 ,! w9d[ 9 sc5e ,h f ,b ,m c be made to op5 & %[ ! ,gr&mo!r inside4 ,! c>dbo>d sc5e1 ,g ,h ,a ,b1 is kept 9 its place by pieces ( wire 7h1 h1 h1 h7 fa/5$ at ! back & b5t ov]4 ,almo/ any /ory c be act$ 9 ?is !atre4 ,all ! actors are fa/5$ to l5g?s ( /ripwood by means ( :i* !y are pass$ 9 & out4 ,sometimes two1 ?ree or m may be fa/5$ to "o l5g?4 ,! numb] ( op5+s 9 ! side sc5es w1 ( c\rse1 dep5d on ! /ory be+ act$4 ,trees1 etc41 c also be cut out z describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xx 7,"p ,,ii71 & /ood ab\t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,figs4 #edi ,,& #eej ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eea ,a sea sc5e looks v effective4 ,waves c be cut out ( c>dbo>d & plac$ 9 e groove1 z 9 ,fig4 #edi1 & a %ip drawn across4 ,a %ipwreck =ms an excit+ sc5e4 ,inde$1 !re is no end to ! sc5es--soldi]s m>*+ pa/1 /ories & sc5es f hi/ory & lit]ature1 etc41 etc4 ,! +5i\s own] ( ! !atre w ?9k ( _m1 & add _m improvem5ts4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! /age is l>ge en\gh to hold small objects--trees1 etc4--to make ! sc5es look m reali/ic4 ,also holes or slits c be made 9 ! ro( if x is necess>y to pull any?+ up or hang any?+4 ,fig4 #edi %[s h[ a fr+e ( pap]1 ,a1 c be fa/5$ to ! ro( & b5t ov] to hide ! pole on :i* ! curta9 is w\nd4 ,fig4 #eej %[s h[ ! sc5es are work$2 z ! ,wit* is pu%$ on f "o side1 ! weep+ ,c9d]ella is pu%$ (f2 :5 %e has q gone & only ! ,wit* rema9s1 a radiant ,c9d]ella comes on1 foll[$ by a coa*1 etc4 ,la/ly1 ,fig4 #eea %[s a prosc5ium1 :i* may be built up ( ei!r c>dbo>d or wood1 & fix$ to ! front ( ! !atre4 ,! sides %\ld project suffici5tly to hide ! work+ ( ! /rips by means ( :i* ! actors are mov$ on ! /age4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"h1 = ! pres5t1 we take leave ( ! read]1 hav+ giv5 him or h] "s insight into a subject bo? pleasant & pr(itable4 ,! prec$+ pages are no m ?an an introduction to ! art ( mak+ toys1 & ( mak+ ! mo/ ( simple tools & simple mat]ials1 & _! real purpose is to enc\rage our "y p n only to copy b also to create1 or at any rate to copy n only f our book b f ! _w ar\nd !m4 ,dolls' h\ses & furniture1 railways1 boats & o!r vehicles (f] endless possibilities ( orig9al & attractive design1 & me*anical toys1 :e!r driv5 by w9d1 wat]1 ela/ic or ! works ( an old clock1 (f] an equally wide field = inv5tion4 ,at a lat] age girls w no d\bt be ambiti\s to devise useful articles = ! home1 :ile boys may become int]e/$ 9 eng9e]+ & electrical models1 optical toys1 etc42 ! deftness ( h&1 acqua9tance ) elem5t>y pr9ciples1 & self-confid5ce acquir$ ?r\gh ! simple "w :i* we h describ$1 %\ld /& !m 9 good /ead4 ,self-reliance & +5uity are valuable assets ) :i* to />t ^u ! m s]i\s tasks ( life1 & if our h9ts on toy-mak+ contribute 9 any way to ! developm5t ( ^! qualities ?is book w n h be5 writt5 9 va94 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,punctuation & spell+ 7 made consi/5t :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ?is book2 o!rwise !y 7 n *ang$4 ,simple typographical & spell+ errors 7 correct$4 ,p4 #ii add$ or betwe5 bridges1 picture4 ,seem$ to make m s5se ?an & :i* c\ld also h be5 us$4