,,harper',s ,,new ,,monthly ,,magazine4 
,,no4 ,,xxix4--,,october1 #aheb4--,,vol4
 ,v4          ,,memoirs ,,of ,,the      
,,holy ,,land4#a    ,,by ,,jacob        
,,abbott4      ,,the ,,dead ,,sea4      
,,sodom ,,and ,,gomorrah4    ,how       
strongly associated in the minds of men1
 are the ideas of guilt  and ruin1      
unspeakable and awful1 with the names of
 ,sodom and ,gomorrah4  ,the very words 
themselves seem deeply and indelibly    
imbued with a  mysterious and dreadful  
meaning4    #a ,entered1 according to   
,act of ,congress1 in the year #aheb1 by
 ,harper  and ,brothers1 in the ,clerk's
 ,office of the ,district ,court of the 
,southern ,district of ,new ,york4      
,the account given in the ,sacred       
,scriptures of the destruction of these 
cities1 and of the circumstances        
connected with it1 has1 perhaps1        
exercised a greater influence in        
modifying1 or1 rather1 in forming1 the  
conception which has been since         
entertained among mankind in respect  to

 the character of ,god1 than any other  
one portion of the sacred  narrative4   
,the thing that is most remarkable about
 it is1 that while in  the destruction  
of the cities we have a most appalling  
exhibition of  the terrible energy with 
which ,god will punish confirmed and    
obdurate  wickedness1 we have in the    
attendant circumstances of the case1 a  
still more striking illustration of the 
kind1 and tender1 and merciful  regard  
with which he will protect1 and         
encourage1 and sustain those who  are   
attempting1 however feebly1 to please   
him1 and to do his will4 ,we  are told  
elsewhere in the ,scriptures1           
didactically1 that ,god is love1  and   
also that he is a consuming fire4 ,in   
this transaction we see the  gentleness 
and the tenderness of his love1 and the 
terrible severity of  his retributive   
justice1 displayed together4 ,let us    
examine the account  somewhat in detail4
           99       99       99       99
       99    ,and the ,lord said1       

,because the cry of ,sodom and ,gomorrah
 is great1 and  because their sin is    
very grievous1    ,i will go down now1  
and see whether they have done          
altogether  according to the cry of it1 
which is come unto me2 and if not1 ,i   
will  know4--,gen4 xviii4 #bj1 #ba4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,there is a certain dramatic beauty in  
the manner in which the designs  and    
intentions of ,jehovah are represented  
in such cases as this1  under the guise 
of words spoken4 ,this rhetorical figure
 is adopted  very frequently by the     
,hebrew writers1 being far more spirited
 and  graphic than the ordinary mode of 
narration1 and more forcible in its     
effect upon common minds that are not   
accustomed to abstractions and          
generalizations4 ,thus1 instead of      
saying1 ,and ,god determined to create  
man1 it is1 ,and ,god said1 ,i will make
 man4 ,in the same manner1 where  a     
modern historian in speaking of the     
discovery of ,america would have        

written3 ,columbus1 having learned that 
trunks of trees were brought by  western
 winds to the shores of ,europe1        
inferred that there was land in  that   
direction1 and resolved to go in search 
of it1 a ,hebrew writer  would have     
said1 ,and it was told to ,columbus1    
that when western winds  had long been  
blowing1 trees were thrown up upon the  
,european shores2  and ,columbus said1  
,i will take vessels and men and go and 
search for  the land whence these trees 
come4    ,the verses which we have      
quoted above1 accordingly1 though in    
form  ascribing words to ,jehovah1 in   
reality are meant only to express1 in a 
manner adapted to the conceptions of    
men1 the cautious and deliberate        
character of the justice of ,god4 ,i    
have heard the cry of ,sodom and        
,gomorrah1 the cry of grievous violence 
and guilt1 and ,i will go down  and see 
if the real wickedness that reigns      
there1 is as great as  would seem to be 
denoted by the cry4 ,and if not1 ,i will

 know4 ,in  other words1 ,god would not 
condemn hastily4 ,he would not judge    
from  appearances1 since appearances    
might be fallacious4 ,he would          
cautiously  inquire into all the        
circumstances1 and even in the case of  
wickedness  so enormous as that of      
,sodom and ,gomorrah1 he would carefully
 ascertain  whether there were any      
considerations that could extenuate or  
soften  it4 ,how happy would it be for  
mankind1 if we all1 in judging our      
neighbors1 would follow the example of  
forbearance and caution here  presented 
to us4 ,it was undoubtedly with         
reference to its influence as  an       
example for us1 that the sacred writer  
has thus related the story4    ,in the  
same manner1 how strikingly the         
narrative which is given of  the earnest
 intercession made by ,abraham1 to save 
the cities1 and  of the apparent        
yielding of the ,almighty ,judge1 again 
and again1 to  humble prayers in behalf 
of sinners1 offered by a brother sinner1

  illustrates the long-suffering and the
 forbearance of ,god--his  reluctance to
 punish1 and his readiness to save4     
,there is a special  charm in the       
exhibition which is made of these divine
 attributes in  this case1 assuming the 
form as they do of a divine sympathy    
with the  compassionate impulses of man4
 ,the great and almighty ,judge allows  
himself to be led to deal mercifully    
with sinners through the pity and  the  
prayers of a brother sinner1 deprecating
 the merited destruction4  ,the         
intercession of ,abraham was after all  
unavailing1 for there were  not ten     
righteous men to be found to fulfill the
 condition on which he  had obtained the
 promise that the city should be spared4
 ,the narrative1  however1 of the       
intercession1 the final result of it in 
the promise  of ,god to spare the whole 
monstrous mass of wickedness1 if only   
ten  righteous men could be found in the
 city1 and the measures which he        
adopted1 when it was ascertained that   

there were not ten to be found1  to warn
 and rescue all that there were1 give to
 the whole story a great  power in      
bringing home to the hearts of men1 a   
sense of the compassion  of ,god1 and   
the regard which he feels for human     
sympathies and desires4  ,there is no   
portion of the sacred ,scriptures which 
has more encouraged  and strengthened   
the spirit of prayer1 than the narration
 of the  circumstances that preceded the
 destruction of ,sodom and ,gomorrah4   
,,situation ,,of ,,the ,,plain4         
,sodom and ,gomorrah are described as   
the cities of the plain1 and this  plain
 is spoken of as the plain of ,jordan4  
,and yet the place where  the cities are
 supposed to have stood1 is near the    
southern end of  the ,dead ,sea1 while  
the ,jordan empties into the northern   
end of it4  ,if1 therefore1 the plain on
 which the cities stood was the plain of
  the ,jordan1 in the time of ,lot1 it  
would seem that the sea itself  could   
not have existed then1 but that the     

river must have continued  its flow1    
beyond the point which now forms the    
southern termination  of the sea4 ,the  
sea as at present existing1 is bounded  
on both sides  by ranges of lofty and   
precipitous mountains1 which lie        
parallel to  each other1 and extend     
north and south for several hundred     
miles4 ,the  space which lies between   
these ranges1 forms a long and narrow   
ravine1  very deeply depressed below the
 ordinary level of the earth's surface1 
as if it were an enormous crevasse1 with
 the bed of it filled up to a  certain  
level1 in some places with water and in 
others with alluvial  soil1 either      
fertile or barren according to the      
geological structure  of the different  
sections of it4 ,this remarkable ravine 
divides itself  naturally into five     
sections4 ,the first1 reckoning from    
north to south1  contains the sources of
 the ,jordan1 and the lakes ,merom and  
,tiberias4  ,the second is the valley of
 the ,jordan4 ,here the bottom of the   

ravine  consists of a long and narrow   
plain of fertile land1 with the river   
meandering through it4 ,the third       
section is the bed of the ,dead ,sea4   
,the waters here fill the whole breadth 
of the valley so completely1  that in   
many places it is impossible to pass    
along the shore between  the mountains  
and the sea4 ,the water is deepest near 
the northern  part of the sea1 and grows
 more and more shallow toward the       
southern  part1 until at length the land
 rises above the level of the surface of
  the water1 and then the bottom of the 
ravine presents again a plain  of land1 
instead of a sheet of water4 ,this is   
the fourth section4 ,it  extends1       
perhaps1 a hundred miles1 rising        
gradually all the way1 and  forming in  
summer the bed of a small stream which  
flows northward to  the ,dead ,sea4     
,this part of the great fissure is      
called the valley of  ,arabah4#b ,at    
length the level of the bottom of the   
valley reaches its  highest point1 and  

the land descends again to the south1   
forming the  fifth or southern-most     
section of the vast crevasse4 ,the      
waters of  the ,red sea flow up some    
hundred miles into this section1 forming
 the  eastern one of the two forks into 
which that sea divides itself1 at its   
northernmost extremity4    #b ,wadi     
,arabah4    ,it will be seen thus that  
it is at the ,dead ,sea that the        
depression of  the valley is the        
greatest4 ,in fact1 the bed of the      
valley descends in  both directions     
toward the ,dead ,sea for a hundred     
miles4 ,some writers  have supposed that
 the whole of this depression was       
produced at the  time of the destruction
 of ,sodom and ,gomorrah1 and that      
previous to  that time1 the ,jordan     
continued its course through the whole  
length  of the valley to the ,red ,sea1 
being bordered throughout this whole    
distance by fertile plains extending on 
either hand from its banks to  the base 
of the mountains2 and that it was on    

this plain1 near the  place where now   
lies the southern extremity of the ,dead
 ,sea1 that the  cities ,sodom and      
,gomorrah1 ,admah and ,zeboim1 were     
built4 ,in adopting  this hypothesis we 
must suppose that the destruction of the
 cities was  attended with some volcanic
 convulsion1 by which all that part of  
the  valley was sunk so far below its   
natural level that the river could no   
longer continue its course4 ,the waters 
then1 we must imagine1 gradually  filled
 up the deep bed so suddenly made for   
them1 until the surface  became so      
extended that the evaporation from it   
was equal to the  supply from the river2
 and thus the sea was formed1 and its   
size and  configuration permanently     
determined4    ,others supposed that the
 sea existed from the most ancient times
  substantially as at present1 occupying
 the whole breadth of the valley1  from 
side to side1 though not extending so   
far to the southward as  now4 ,on this  
supposition the cities destroyed were   

situated on a  fertile plain which then 
bordered the southern extremity of the  
sea1  but which is now submerged by its 
waters4 ,it is no longer possible to    
determine which of these hypotheses1 if 
either1 is correct4 ,a much  greater    
physical change is implied in the former
 than in the latter  supposition1 but   
perhaps the latter is not on that       
account any the  less improbable4 ,when 
the question is of an actual sinking of 
the  earth1 whether we suppose the      
causes to be miraculous or natural1 it  
is as easy to conceive of a great       
subsidence1 as of a small one4 ,the     
enlargement of a sea1 whether by the    
agency of an earthquake1 or by the      
direct power of ,god1 is as great a     
wonder as the creation of it would  be4 
,,the ,,destruction ,,of ,,the ,,cities4
    ,the account given by the sacred    
writers of the destruction of ,sodom    
and ,gomorrah is this4 ,lot was         
dwelling1 at the time1 in ,sodom4 ,he   
was  warned by the messengers of ,god1  

that the city was to be destroyed1  and 
was directed to make his escape from it 
with all his family4 ,this  warning was 
given to ,lot in the night4 ,he went out
 immediately to the  houses of his      
sons-in-law1 to communicate the awful   
tidings to them  and to summon them to  
flee4 ,they however did not believe him4
 ,they  ridiculed his fears and refused 
to accompany him in his flight4 ,lot    
returned to his house much troubled and 
perplexed4 ,he could not go  without his
 daughters1 and his daughters could not 
go without their  husbands4 ,the two    
messengers urged him not to delay4 ,they
 entreated him  to take his daughters   
with him and go1 before the fated hour  
should  arrive4 ,finally they took him  
by the hand1 and partly by persuasion   
and  partly by force1 they succeeded in 
bringing him out of the city4 ,his  wife
 and his daughters accompanied him4 ,his
 sons-in-law1 it seems1 were  left      
behind4    ,illustration3 ,,the         
,,departure ,,of ,,lot ,,from ,,sodom4  

,it was very early in the morning when  
,lot came forth from the city--not  far 
from the break of day4 ,as soon as he   
was without the walls1 the  messengers  
urged him not to tarry there or imagine 
that he was yet  safe1 but to press     
forward with all speed1 until he reached
 the  mountain4 ,escape for thy life1   
said they ,look not behind thee1        
neither stay thou in all the plain2     
escape to the mountain lest thou be     
consumed4 ,lot was1 however1 afraid to  
go into the mountains4 ,they were  wild 
and desolate4 ,his wife and his         
daughters were with him and it was  yet 
dark4 ,to take so helpless a company    
into such solitudes at such a  time1    
seemed awful to him1 and he begged to be
 permitted to retire to  ,zoar4 ,zoar   
was a small town on the eastern side of 
the plain1 just at  the foot of the     
mountains1 at a place where a lateral   
valley opened1  through which a stream  
descended to the plain4 ,lot begged that
 he might  be permitted to go to ,zoar1 

and that that city might be spared4 ,his
  prayer was granted4 ,a promise was    
given him that ,zoar should be saved1   
and he was directed to proceed thither  
without delay4 ,he accordingly  went    
eastward across the plain and reached   
,zoar1 just as the sun was  rising4 ,his
 wife1 instead of going diligently on   
with her husband1  lingered and loitered
 on the way1 and was lost4 ,the words   
are1 ,she  became a pillar of salt4     
,precisely what is intended by this     
expression  is somewhat uncertain2 at   
any rate she was destroyed1 and ,lot    
escaped  with his daughters alone into  
,zoar4 ,immediately afterward ,sodom and
  ,gomorrah were overwhelmed4 ,the      
description of the catastrophe is given 
in the following words3     ,the ,lord  
rained upon ,sodom and ,gomorrah        
brimstone and fire from the   ,lord out 
of heaven4     ,and he overthrew those  
cities and all the plain1 and all the   
inhabitants of the cities and that which
 grew upon the ground4     ,and ,abraham

 got up early in the morning to the     
place where he stood   before the ,lord3
     ,and he looked toward ,sodom and   
,gomorrah1 and toward all the land of   
the plain1 and beheld1 and lo1 the smoke
 of the country went up as the   smoke  
of a furnace4--,gen4 xix4 #bd1 #be1 #bg1
 #bh4    ,illustration3 ,,the ,,plain4  
,,philosophizing ,,on ,,the             
,,destruction ,,of ,,sodom ,,and        
,,gomorrah4    ,there has been a great  
deal of philosophical speculation on the
  nature of the physical causes which   
were called into action in the          
destruction of these cities1 and of the 
plain on which they stood4  ,these      
speculations1 however1 are to be        
considered as ingenious and  curious    
rather than useful1 since they can not  
lead to any very  tangible results4 ,we 
can1 in fact1 know nothing positive of  
the  phenomenon except what the sacred  
narrative records4 ,and yet there is a  
certain propriety in making             
philosophical inquiries in respect to   

the  nature even of miraculous effects1 
for we observe in respect to almost  all
 of the miracles recorded in the ,old   
,testament1 that1 though they  transcend
 the power of nature1 still1 in         
character1 they are always  in a certain
 sense in harmony with it4 ,thus the    
plagues which were  brought upon the    
,egyptians1 in the time of ,pharaoh1 are
 the ordinary  calamities to which the  
country was subject1 following each     
other in a  rapid and extraordinary     
succession1 and developed in an         
aggravated and  unusual form4 ,the      
children of ,israel1 in their journeys  
through the  desert1 were fed           
miraculously on manna4 ,there is a      
natural manna found  in those regions as
 an ordinary production1 from which     
undoubtedly the  type and character of  
the miraculous supply were determined4  
,the waters  of the ,red ,sea were      
driven back at the time when the        
,israelites were  to cross it1 by the   
blowing of a strong east wind4 ,the     

blowing of a  wind has a natural        
tendency to drive back such waters1 and 
to lay the  shoals and shallows of a    
river bare4 ,the effects produced in all
 these  cases were far greater than the 
causes would naturally account for1 but 
they were all1 so to speak1 in the same 
direction with the tendency of  the     
causes4 ,they transcended the ordinary  
course of nature2 still1 in  character1 
they were in harmony with its laws4 ,it 
is right and proper  for us1 therefore1 
where a miraculous effect is described1 
to look into  the natural laws related  
to it1 for the sake of observing        
whatever of  analogy or conformity      
between the causes and effects may      
really appear4    ,with reference to    
such analogies1 the character and the   
physical  constitution of the gorge in  
which the ,dead ,sea lies1 has excited  
great interest in every age4 ,the valley
 has been generally considered  as of   
volcanic formation1 though it is        
somewhat doubtful how far it  is        

strictly correct thus to characterize   
it1 since no signs of lava  or of       
extinct craters appear in any part of   
it4 ,the whole region1  however1 is     
subject to earthquakes1 and many        
substances that are  usually considered 
as volcanic productions are found here  
and there  along the valley1 especially 
near the southern extremity of the ,dead
  ,sea4 ,one of the most remarkable of  
these substances is bitumen1 a hard  and
 inflammable mineral which has been     
found1 from time to time1 in  all ages1 
on the shores of the sea4 ,some writers 
have supposed that  the pits1 which are 
referred to in the passage1 ,and the    
vale of  ,siddim was full of slime pits1
 were pits of liquified bitumen or      
asphaltum1--that the plain of ,sodom was
 composed in a great degree of  these   
and similar inflammable substances--that
 they were set on fire by  lightning    
from heaven or by volcanic ignition from
 below1 and that thus  the plain itself 
on which the cities stood was consumed  

and destroyed4  ,others suppose that    
under the influence of some great       
volcanic  convulsion1 attended1 as such 
convulsions often are1 by thunderings   
and  lightnings--the brimstone and fire 
out of heaven1 referred to in the       
sacred record--a sinking1 or subsidence 
of the land at the bottom of  the       
valley1 took place2 and that the waters 
of the ,jordan overflowed  and filled   
the cavity1 thus forming1 or else       
greatly enlarging the ,dead  ,sea4 ,that
 the waters of the sea now flow where   
formerly a tract of  fertile land       
extended1 seems to be implied in the    
passage1 ,gen4 xiv4 #c1  in which it is 
stated that certain kings assembled     
their forces1 in  the vale of ,siddim   
which is the ,salt ,sea4 ,the meaning is
 undoubtedly  as if the writer had said1
 ,the armies were gathered at a place   
which  was then the vale of ,siddim1 but
 which is now the ,salt ,sea4      ,,the
 ,,dead ,,sea ,,in ,,the ,,middle       
,,ages4    ,after the destruction of    

,sodom and ,gomorrah1 the valley of the 
,dead  ,sea seemed to be forsaken of    
,god1 and to be abhorred and shunned by 
man1 so that it remained for a great    
many centuries1 the very type  and      
symbol of solitude1 desolation1 and     
death4 ,a few wild ,arabs dwelt  along  
its shores1 building their rude and     
simple villages in the little  dells    
that open among the mountains that      
border it1 and feeding their  camels on 
the scanty herbage which grew in them4  
,now and then some  party of ,crusaders1
 or some solitary pilgrim travelers1    
descended the  valley from the fords of 
the ,jordan1 till they reached the      
sea--or  looked down upon it from some  
commanding position among the mountains1
  on the eastern or western sides--and  
caravans or beasts of burden were       
accustomed to go to its southern shores 
to procure salt for the people  of the  
interior4 ,through these and other      
similar channels1 vague and  uncertain  
tidings of the deadly influences of the 

sea and of the awful  solitude and      
desolation which reigned around it1 came
 out1 from time  to time1 to more       
frequented regions1 whence they spread  
in strange and  exaggerated rumors      
throughout the civilized world4 ,it was 
said that the  waters of the sea filled 
the gloomy valley which they occupied   
with  influences so pestiferous and     
deadly that they were fatal to every    
species of life4 ,no fish could swim in 
them1 no plant could grow upon  their   
shores4 ,it was death for a man to bathe
 in them1 or for a bird  to fly over    
them2 and even the breezes which blew   
from them toward the  land1 blighted and
 destroyed all the vegetation that they 
breathed  upon4 ,the surface and margin 
of the water1 instead of being adorned  
with verdant islands1 or fringed with   
the floating vegetation of other  seas1 
was blackened with masses of bitumen1   
that were driven hither and  thither by 
the winds1 or was bordered with a       
pestiferous volcanic scum2  while all   

the approaches to the shores in the     
valley below were filled  with yawning  
pits of pitchy slime1 which engulfed the
 traveler in their  horrid depths1 or   
destroyed his life by their poisonous   
and abominable  exhalations4 ,in a word1
 the valley of the ,dead ,sea was for   
two thousand  years regarded as an      
accursed ground1 from which the wrath of
 ,god1  continually brooding over it1   
sternly excluded every living thing4    
,within the last half century1 however1 
many scientific travelers have  visited 
the spot1 and have brought back to the  
civilized world more  correct           
information in respect to the natural   
history of the valley4                  
,,burckhardt',s ,,visit ,,to ,,the      
,,valley ,,of ,,arabah4    ,one of the  
earliest of the scientific travelers1 to
 whom we have  alluded1 was ,john ,lewis
 ,burckhardt1 who spent several years1  
in the  early part of the present       
century1 in exploring the countries     
around  the southeastern shores of the  

,mediterranean ,sea1 under the auspices 
of  a society established in ,london1   
called the ,association for ,promoting  
the ,discovery of the ,interior ,parts  
of ,africa4 ,burckhardt prepared        
himself for his work1 by taking up his  
residence for several years in  ,aleppo1
 and in other ,oriental cities1 for the 
purpose of studying the  ,arabic        
language1 and making himself perfectly  
familiar with the manners  and customs  
of the people1 so that in traveling     
through the countries  which he was     
intending to explore1 he might pass for 
a native1 and thus  be allowed to go    
where he pleased without molestation4   
,he succeeded  perfectly in attaining   
this object4 ,he acquired the ,arabic   
language1  assumed the ,arabic dress1   
and learned to accommodate himself1 in  
all  respects1 to the manners and       
customs of the country4 ,he thus passed 
without hindrance or suspicion where no 
known ,european or ,christian  would    
have been allowed to go4                

,illustration3 ,,the ,,valley ,,of      
,,arabah4    ,burckhardt explored the   
valley of ,arabah1 which extends from   
the ,dead  ,sea to the ,red ,sea1       
forming1 as has already been said1 a    
southern  continuation of the great     
,jordan gorge4 ,he was1 in fact1 the    
first  to bring the existence of this   
southern valley to the notice of the    
civilized world4 ,the valley of the     
,jordan1 as he describes it1 widens     
about ,jericho1 where the hills which   
border it1 join the chains of  mountains
 which inclose the ,dead ,sea4 ,at the  
southern extremity of the  sea they     
again approach each other1 leaving      
between them a valley or  ,ghor1 similar
 in form to the northern ,ghor1 through 
which the ,jordan  flows2 though the    
southern valley1 from want of water1 is 
a desert1  while the ,jordan and its    
tributaries make the other a fertile    
plain4  ,in the southern ,ghor1 the     
rivulets which descend from the         
mountains  are lost in the sand and     

gravel which form their beds1 long      
before  they reach the valley below4    
,the valley itself1 therefore1 is       
entirely  without water1 and is1        
consequently1 barren and desolate4 ,the 
whole  plain1 as ,burckhardt viewed it1 
presented the appearance of an expanse  
of shifting sands1 the surface varied   
with innumerable undulations  and low   
hills4 ,a few trees grow here and there 
in the low places1 and  at the foot of  
the rocks which line the valley2 but the
 depth of the  sand1 and the total want 
of water in the summer season1 preclude 
the  growth of every species of herbage4
 ,a few ,bedouin tribes encamp in the   
valley in the winter1 when the streams  
from the mountains being full1  a       
sufficient supply of water is produced  
to flow down into the valley1  causing a
 few shrubs to grow1 on which the sheep 
and goats can feed4    ,burckhardt and  
his party were an hour and a half in    
crossing the  valley4 ,it was in the    
month of ,august that they made the     

tour1 and  they found the heat almost   
intolerable4 ,there was not the         
slightest  appearance of a road or of   
any other work of man at the place where
  they crossed it4 ,still they met with 
no difficulty in prosecuting their      
journey1 for the sand1 though deep1 was 
firm1 and the camels walked  over it    
without sinking4 ,in the various        
journeys which ,burckhardt made  in     
these solitary regions1 he carefully    
noted all that he saw1 and  copious     
reports of his observations were        
afterward published by the  society in  
whose service he was engaged4 ,the only 
instrument which  he had1 however1 for  
making observations1 was a pocket       
compass1 and  this he was obliged to    
conceal in the most careful manner from 
his  ,arab attendants1 for fear of      
betraying himself to them4 ,if they had 
seen such an instrument in his          
possession1 they would not only have    
suspected his true character1 but would 
have believed the compass  to be an     

instrument of magic1 and would have been
 overwhelmed with  superstitious horror 
at the sight of it4 ,accordingly1       
,burckhardt  was compelled1 not only to 
keep his compass in concealment1 as he  
journeyed1 but also to resort to a great
 variety of contrivances and  devices to
 make observations with it without being
 seen4 ,sometimes1  when riding on      
horseback1 he would stop for a moment in
 the way1 and  watching an opportunity  
when the attention of his companions was
 turned  in another direction1 would    
hastily glance at his compass unseen1   
covering it1 while he did so1 beneath   
his wide ,arabian cloak4 ,when  riding  
upon a camel he could not adopt this    
method1 for a single camel  in a caravan
 can not be induced to stop while the   
train is going on4  ,to meet this       
emergency1 the indefatigable traveler   
learned to dismount  and mount again    
without arresting the progress of the   
animal4 ,he would  descend to the       
ground1 and straying away for a moment  

into a copse of  bushes1 or behind some 
angle of a rock1 would crouch down1 take
 out his  compass1 ascertain the        
required bearing1 make a note of it     
secretly in  a little book which he     
carried for the purpose in the pocket of
 his  vest1 and then returning to the   
camel1 would climb up to his seat and   
ride on as before4    ,it was by such   
means as these that the existence and   
the leading  geographical features of   
the valley of ,arabah were first made   
known to  the ,christian world4         
,,robinson',s ,,visit ,,to ,,en-,,gedi4 
,edward ,robinson is a distinguished    
,american philosopher and scholar1  who 
has devoted a great deal of attention to
 the geography and history  of          
,palestine1 and whose researches and    
explorations have perhaps  accomplished 
more in throwing light upon the subject1
 than those of  any other person1       
whether of ancient or modern times4 ,he 
has enjoyed  very extraordinary         
facilities for accomplishing his work2  

for1 in  his character1 and in the      
circumstances in which he has been      
placed1  there have been combined1 in a 
very remarkable degree1 all the         
qualifications1 and all the             
opportunities necessary for the         
successful  prosecution of it4 ,having  
been devoted1 during the greater portion
 of  his life1 to the pursuit of        
philological studies1 he has acquired a 
very accurate knowledge of the          
languages1 as well as of the manners and
  customs of the ,east2 and1 being      
endued by nature with a temperament in  
which great firmness and great          
steadiness of purpose are combined with 
a certain quiet and philosophical       
calmness and composure1 and a quick  and
 discriminating apprehension with       
caution1 prudence1 and practical  good  
sense1 he is very eminently qualified   
for the work of an ,oriental  explorer4 
,in the year #ahch1 he made an extended 
tour1 or1 rather1  series of tours1 in  
the ,holy ,land1 a very minute and      

interesting report  of which he         
afterward gave to the world4 ,he is now1
 in #aheb1 making a  second journey     
there2 and the ,christian world are     
looking forward1 with  great interest1  
to the result of it4    ,illustration3  
,,map ,,of ,,the ,,dead ,,sea4          
,during ,robinson's first tour in       
,palestine1 he made an excursion from   
,jerusalem to the western shores of the 
,dead ,sea1 where he visited a  spot    
which is marked by a small tract of     
fertile ground1 under the  cliffs on the
 shore1 known in ancient times as       
,en-gedi1 but called by  the ,arabs of  
the present day ,ain ,jidy4 ,from       
,jerusalem he traveled  south to        
,hebron1 and thence turning to the east1
 he traversed the  mountains through a  
succession of wild and romantic passes  
which led  him gradually toward the sea4
 ,the road conducted him at length into 
the  desolate and rocky region called in
 ancient times the ,wilderness of       
,en-gedi1 the place to which ,david     

retreated when pursued by the deadly    
hostility of ,saul4 ,it was here that   
the extraordinary occurrences took      
place that are narrated in #a ,sam4     
xxiv4 ,david1 in endeavoring to escape  
from his enemy1 hid in a cave4 ,saul1 in
 pursuing him1 came to the  same cave1  
and being wearied1 lay down and went to 
sleep there4 ,while  he was asleep1     
,david1 coming out1 secretly cut off the
 skirt of his  robe1 without attempting 
to do him any personal injury2 thus     
showing  conclusively that he bore him  
no ill-will4 ,robinson found the region 
full of caves1 and the scenery          
corresponded1 in all other respects1    
with the allusions made to it in the    
,scripture narrative4    ,illustration3 
,,caves ,,of ,,en-,,gedi4      ,,view   
,,of ,,the ,,sea4    ,as our traveler   
and his party journeyed on toward the   
sea1 they found  the country descending 
continually1 and as they followed the   
road  down the valleys and ravines      
through which it lay1 they imagined that

  they had reached the level of the sea1
 long before they came in sight  of its 
shores4 ,at length1 however1 to their   
astonishment1 they came  suddenly out   
upon the brow of a mountain1 from which 
they looked down  into a deep and       
extended valley where the broad expanse 
of water lay1  fifteen hundred feet     
below them4 ,the surprise which they    
experienced  at finding the sea at so   
much lower a level than their estimate  
made  it1 illustrates the singular      
accuracy of ,robinson's ideas in respect
 to  the topography of the country which
 he was exploring2 for1 if the ,dead    
,sea had been really at the same level  
with the ,mediterranean1 as was  then   
generally supposed to be the case1 it   
would have presented itself  to the     
party of travelers precisely as they had
 expected to find it4  ,the unlooked for
 depth was owing to a very extraordinary
 depression  of the valley1 the         
existence and the measure of which has  
since been  ascertained4    ,robinson   

and his companions1 from the summit of a
 small knoll which  lay on one side of  
their path1 looked down upon the vast   
gulf beneath  them with emotions of     
wonder and awe4 ,it was the ,dead ,sea  
which  they saw extended before them4   
,there it lay1 filling the bottom of    
its vast chasm1 and shut in on both     
sides by ranges of precipitous          
mountains1 whose steep acclivities      
seemed sometimes to rise directly  from 
the water1 though here and there they   
receded a little from the  shore1 so as 
to leave a narrow beach beneath the     
rocks below4 ,from  the point where our 
observers stood the whole southern half 
of the  sea was exposed to view4 ,the   
northern part was partly concealed by a 
precipitous promontory1 called ,ras     
,mersed1 which rose abruptly from the   
shore a little north of their position4 
,the southern part of the sea1 as viewed
 from this point1 was remarkable  for   
the numerous shoals and sand bars which 
appeared projecting in many  places from

 the shore1 forming long and low points 
and peninsulas of  sandy land4 ,there   
was one very large and remarkable       
peninsula of higher  land1 in the       
southeast part of the sea4 ,the position
 and configuration  of this peninsula   
may be seen upon the map4 ,it is formed 
in some  respect like a human foot1 with
 the heel toward the sea4 ,of course1   
the ankle of the foot is the isthmus    
which connects the peninsula with  the  
main land4 ,the length of this          
peninsula1 from north to south1  is five
 or six miles4 ,our observers1 from     
their lofty position at  ,en-gedi1      
looked down upon it1 and could trace    
almost the whole of its  outline4 ,north
 of it1 too1 there was a valley1 which  
opened up among  the mountains to the   
eastward1 called the ,valley of ,kerak4 
,at the head  of this valley1 several   
miles from the shore of the sea1 lies   
the town  of ,kerak1 a place sometimes  
visited by pilgrims and travelers1 who  
pass that way along a road which        

traverses that part of the country  on a
 line parallel to the shore of the sea4 
,the course of the valley  was such that
 the position of our observers on the   
mountain at ,en-gedi  commanded a full  
view of the whole extent of it4 ,they   
could even see  the town of ,kerak1 with
 its ancient castle on a rock--far up   
near the  summit of the mountain4 ,it is
 in the lower part of this valley1 a    
little to the eastward of the isthmus   
which has been already described1  that 
the town of ,zoar stood1 as it is       
supposed1 where ,lot sought  refuge at  
the time of the destruction of ,sodom   
and ,gomorrah4      ,,the ,,pass4       
,after remaining on the cliff about     
three quarters of an hour1 to  observe  
and to record every thing worthy of     
notice in the extended  view before     
them1 the party began to go down the    
pass to the shore4  ,the descent was    
frightful1 the pathway having been      
formed by zigzags  down the cliff1 the  
necessary width for the track having    

been obtained1  sometimes by cutting    
into the face of the rock1 and sometimes
 by means  of rude walls built from     
below4 ,as they looked back up the rocks
 after  they had descended1 it seemed   
impossible to them that any road could  
have been formed there--and yet so      
skillfully had the work been planned    
and executed1 that the descent1 though  
terrific1 was accomplished  without any 
serious difficulty4 ,in fact1 the road  
was so practicable1  that loaded camels 
sometimes passed up and down4 ,one of   
,mr4 ,robinson's  companions had crossed
 the heights of ,lebanon and the        
mountains of  ,persia1 and he himself   
had traversed all the principal passes  
of the  ,alps1 but neither of them had  
ever met with a pass so difficult and   
dangerous as this4 ,the way was really  
dangerous as well as difficult4  ,an    
,arab woman1 not long before the time of
 ,robinson's visit1 in  descending the  
road1 had fallen off over the brink of  
the precipice to  the rocks below4 ,she 

was1 of course1 killed by the fall4     
,illustration3 ,,the ,,descent4         
,after descending for about three       
quarters of an hour1 the party reached  
a sort of dell1 where a copious and     
beautiful fountain1 springing forth     
suddenly from a recess in the rock1     
formed at once an abundant stream1  that
 flowed tumultuously down a narrow      
ravine toward the sea1 still  four      
hundred feet below4 ,this fount was the 
,ain ,jidy1 the word ,ain  signifying   
fountain in the ,arabic tongue4 ,the    
meaning of the whole  name is the       
fountain of the kid4 ,the course of the 
stream in its  descent from its source  
was hidden from view by a luxuriant     
thicket of  trees and shrubs which grew 
along its bed1 nourished by the         
fertilizing  influence of the waters4   
,the party halted at the spring1 and    
pitched  their tents1 determining to    
make their encampment at this spot with 
a  view of leaving their animals here   
and going down on foot to the shore     

below4 ,they had originally intended not
 to go up the pass again1 but  to       
proceed to the northward along the shore
 of the sea1 having been  informed that 
they could do so4 ,they now learned1    
however1 that there  was no practicable 
passage along the shore1 and that they  
must reascend  the mountain in order to 
continue their journey4 ,they           
accordingly  determined1 for the purpose
 of saving the transportation of their  
baggage up and down1 to encamp at the   
fountain4    ,while pitching their      
tents1 an alarm was given1 that some    
persons were  coming down the pass1 and1
 on looking upward1 they saw at the     
turns  of the zigzag1 on the brow of the
 precipice far above1 two or three  men1
 mounted and armed with guns4 ,the party
 were for a moment alarmed1  supposing  
that the strangers might be robbers4    
,their true character1  however1 very   
soon appeared2 for1 as they drew near1  
they were found  to be a troop of       
laboring peasants of the neighborhood1  

mounted on  peaceful donkeys1 and coming
 down to the shore in search of salt2   
and  so the alarm ended in a laugh4 ,the
 party of peasants stopped a short  time
 at the fountain to rest1 and then      
continued their descent to the  shore4  
,they gathered the salt1 which they came
 to procure1 on the  margin of the sea2 
for the waters of the sea are so        
impregnated with  saline solutions1 that
 whenever pools of it are evaporated by 
the sun1  along the shore1              
inflorescences and incrustations remain1
 which can  be easily gathered4 ,after a
 time1 the train of donkeys1 bearing    
their  heavy burdens1 went toiling up   
the steep ascent again1 and disappeared4
      ,,the ,,shore ,,of ,,the ,,sea4   
,after remaining for some time at the   
encampment1 ,robinson and his           
companions set out at five o'clock1 to  
go down to the shore4 ,the  declivity   
was still steep1 though less so than in 
the pass above4 ,the  ground was        
fertile1 and bore many plants and trees1

 and the surface  of it appeared to have
 been once terraced for tillage and     
gardens4 ,at  one place1 near the foot  
of the descent1 were the ruins of an    
ancient  town4 ,from the base of the    
declivity1 there was a rich and fertile 
plain which lay sloping gradually nearly
 half a mile to the shore4 ,the  bed of 
the brook could be traced across this   
plain to the sea1 though  at the season 
of this visit1 the waters which the     
fountain supplied1  copious as they     
appeared where they first issued from   
the rock1 were  absorbed by the earth   
long before they reached the shore4 ,the
 rivulet1  therefore1 of ,ain ,jidy is  
the most short-lived and transitory of  
streams4 ,it breaks forth suddenly from 
the earth at its fountain1 and  then1   
after tumbling and foaming for a short  
distance over its rocky  bed1 it        
descends again into the ground1         
disappearing as suddenly and            
mysteriously as it came into being4     
,the plain which this evanescent stream 

thus gave up its life to  fertilize1 was
 all under cultivation at the time that 
,robinson visited  it1 being divided    
into gardens1 which belonged to a       
certain tribe of  wandering ,arabs4     
,this tribe were1 however1 not now      
encamped here1 but  had gone away to a  
tract of ground belonging to them in    
another part  of the country1 having    
left only a few sentinels to watch the  
fruits  that were growing in the        
gardens4 ,robinson and his party went   
across  the plain1 and finally came to  
the margin of the sea1 approaching it at
  last over a bank of pebbles which     
lined the shore1 and formed a sort of   
ridge of sand and shingle1 six or eight 
feet higher than the level of  the      
water4 ,the slope of these pebbles1 on  
the seaward side1 was covered  with     
saline incrustations4    ,the water had 
a greenish hue1 and its surface was very
 brilliant4 ,to  the taste1 the         
travelers found it intensely and        
intolerably salt1 and  far more nauseous

 than the waters of the ocean4 ,the     
great quantity of  saline matter1 which 
it contains1 makes it very dense1 and1  
of course1  very buoyant in respect to  
bodies floating in it4 ,this property of
 the  sea has been observed and         
commented upon by visitors in every age4
  ,swimmers1 and those who can not swim1
 as an ancient writer expressed  it1 are
 borne up by it alike4 ,robinson himself
 bathed in the sea1 and  though1 as he  
says1 he had never learned to swim1 he  
found1 that in  this water he could sit1
 stand1 lie1 or float in any position   
without  difficulty4 ,the bottom was of 
clean sand and gravel1 and the bathers  
found that the water shoaled very       
gradually as they receded from the      
shore1 so that they were obliged to wade
 out many rods before it  reached their 
shoulders4 ,its great density produced a
 peculiar effect  in respect to the     
appearance that it presented to the eye1
 adding  greatly to its brilliancy1 and 
imparting a certain pearly richness and 

beauty to its reflections4 ,the objects 
seen through it on the bottom  appeared 
as if seen through oil4                 
,,measurements4    ,after having spent  
some time in noting these general       
phenomena1  ,robinson1 finding that the 
day was wearing away1 called the        
attention  of his party to the less     
entertaining but more important work of 
making  the necessary scientific        
measurements and observations4 ,he laid 
off a  base line on the shore1 fifteen  
hundred feet in length2 and from the    
extremities of it1 by means of a large  
and accurate compass1 which he  carried 
with him in all his travels for this    
express purpose1 he took  the bearings  
of all the principal points and         
headlands which could be  seen around   
the sea1 as well as of every mountain in
 view4 ,by this  means he secured the   
data for making an exact map of the sea1
 at least  so far as these leading      
points are concerned2 for1 by the       
application  of certain principles of   

trigonometry1 it is very easy to        
ascertain the  precise situation of any 
object whatever1 provided its precise   
bearing  from each of two separate      
stations1 and also the precise distance 
between the two stations is known4      
,accordingly1 by establishing two       
stations on the plain1 and measuring the
 distance between them1 and  then taking
 the bearings of all important points on
 the shores of the  sea1 from both      
stations1 the materials are secured for 
a correct map of  it1 in its general    
outline4    ,this work being            
accomplished1 and the day being now     
fully spent1 the  party bade the shores 
of the sea farewell2 and1 weary with the
 fatigues  and excitement of the day1   
they began1 with slow and toilsome      
steps1  to reascend the path toward     
their encampment by the fountain4 ,they 
at  length arrived at their tent1 and   
spent the evening there to a late  hour1
 in writing out their records of the    
observations which they had  made1 and  

of the adventures which they had met    
with during the day4  ,from time to     
time1 as the hours passed on1 they      
looked out from their  tent to survey   
the broad expanse of water now far below
 them4 ,the day  had been sultry and    
hot1 but the evening was cool4 ,the air 
was calm and  still1 and the moon rising
 behind the eastern mountains shone in  
upon  their encampment1 and cheered the 
solitude of the night1 illuminating1  at
 the same time1 with her beams1 the     
quiet and lonely surface of the  sea4   
,,the ,,salt ,,mountain ,,of ,,usdum4   
,at a subsequent period of his tour in  
the ,holy ,land1 ,robinson  approached  
the ,dead ,sea again1 near the southern 
extremity of it1 and  there examined and
 described a certain very remarkable    
geological  formation1 which is justly  
considered one of the greatest wonders  
of  this most wonderful valley4 ,it is  
called the ,salt ,mountain of ,usdum4   
,it is a lofty ridge that extends for a 
great distance along the shore  of the  

sea1 and consists of a solid mass of    
rock-salt4 ,the situation  of this      
mountain1 as will be seen from the map1 
is on the southwestern  shore of the    
sea4 ,there is a narrow tract of low and
 level land between  the mountain and   
the water4 ,the road passes along this  
plain1 close  under the cliffs1 giving  
the traveler a very convenient          
opportunity of  examining the formation 
of the mountain as he journeys with his 
caravan  slowly along4    ,the existence
 of such a mountain of salt was asserted
 by certain  travelers many centuries   
ago1 but the accounts which they gave of
 it  were not generally believed1 the   
spot being visited too seldom1 and the  
accounts which were brought from it     
being too vague and imperfect to        
confirm sufficiently so extraordinary a 
story4 ,robinson1 however1 and  other   
travelers who have1 since his day1 fully
 explored the locality1  have found that
 the ancient tales were true4 ,the ridge
 is very uneven  and rugged1 its summit 

and its sides having been furrowed by   
the rains  which sometimes1 though at   
very distant intervals1 fall in this    
arid  region4 ,the height of the ridge  
is from one hundred to one hundred  and 
fifty feet4 ,the surface of the hill is 
generally covered1 like  that of other  
rocky ridges1 with earth and marl1 and  
sometimes with  calcareous strata of    
various kinds1 so that its true         
character is in  some measure concealed 
from ordinary and casual observers4 ,the
 mass  of salt1 however1 which underlies
 these superficial coverings1 breaks    
out in various places along the line of 
the hills1 and sometimes  forms         
perpendicular precipices of pure        
crystalized fossil salt1 forty  or fifty
 feet high1 and several hundred feet    
long4 ,the traveler who  beholds these  
crystaline cliffs is always greatly     
astonished at the  spectacle1 and can   
scarcely believe that the mountain is   
really what it  seems1 until he has gone
 repeatedly to the precipice and broken 

off a  fragment from the face of it1 to 
satisfy himself of the true character   
of the rock1 by tasting the specimen4   
,the mountain extends for two or three  
miles along the shore1 drawing  nearer  
and nearer to it toward the south1 until
 at last it approaches  so closely to   
the margin of the sea1 that the waters1 
when high1 wash  the foot of the        
precipice4 ,along the road which lies   
between the cliffs  and the shore1 and  
upon the beach1 masses of salt are      
found1 which1  having been broken off   
from the heights above1 have fallen down
 to the  level land below1 where they   
lie like common rocks upon the ground4  
,here and there ravines are found1      
forming little dells1 down which  small 
streams are constantly trickling2 and1  
in some seasons of the  year rains fall1
 and1 dissolving small portions of the  
rock1 flow with  the solution into the  
sea below4 ,of course1 what salt finds  
its way  into the sea remains there     
forever1 except so far as it is carried 

away  by man--for the process of        
evaporation takes up the aqueous        
particles  alone1 from saline solutions4
 ,a very small annual addition is       
therefore  sufficient to keep up the    
saltness of such a sea4 ,it is supposed 
that  this mountain is the source which 
furnishes the supply in this case4 ,if  
so1 the ,dead ,sea1 geologically        
speaking1 is simply an accumulation of  
the waters of the ,jordan1 formed in a  
deep depression of its valley1  and made
 salt by impregnation from a range of   
soluble rocks1 the base  of which they  
lave4      ,,the ,,cavern4              
,illustration3 ,,the ,,cavern ,,of      
,,usdum4    ,at one point in the eastern
 face of the ,usdum mountain1 that is   
the  face which is turned toward the    
sea1 there is a cavern4 ,this cavern    
seems to have been formed by a spring4  
,a spring of water issuing from  among  
soluble strata will1 of course1 always  
produce a cavern1 as its  waters must   
necessarily dissolve and wear away the  

substance of the  rock1 and so1 in the  
process of ages1 form an open recess    
leading  into the heart of the mountain4
 ,the few ,european travelers who have  
ever passed the road that leads along   
the base of this mountain1 have         
generally stopped to examine and explore
 this cavern4 ,it is irregular  in its  
form1 but very considerable in extent4  
,the mouth of it is ten  or twelve feet 
high1 and about the same in breadth4    
,robinson and his  party went into it   
with lights4 ,they followed it for three
 or four  hundred feet into the heart of
 the mountain1 until at length they came
  to a place where it branched off into 
two small fissures1 which could  not be 
traced any farther4 ,a small stream of  
water was trickling slowly  along its   
bed in the floor of the cavern1 which1  
as well as the walls  and roof1 were of 
solid salt4 ,there were clear           
indications that the  quantity of water 
flowing here varied greatly at different
 seasons2 and  the cavern itself was    

undoubtedly formed by the action of the 
stream4      ,,an ,,incident ,,of       
,,oriental ,,traveling4    ,when        
,robinson and his party came out from   
the cavern in the ,salt  ,mountain1 an  
incident occurred which illustrates so  
forcibly both  the nature of ,oriental  
traveling1 and the manners and customs  
of the  semi-savage tribes that roam    
about the shores of the ,dead ,sea1 that
 it  well deserves a place in this      
memoir4 ,when they were about entering  
the cavern1 a report came from some of  
the scouts1 of whom it was  always      
customary to have one or more ahead1    
when traveling on these  expeditions1   
that a troop of riders were in sight1   
coming round the  southern end of the   
sea4 ,this report had been confirmed    
during the time  that ,robinson and his 
companions had been in the cave1 and    
when they  came out they found their    
camp in a state of great confusion and  
alarm4  ,the strangers that were coming 
were supposed1 from their numbers1  and 

from the manner in which they were      
mounted1 to be enemies or  robbers4 ,the
 ,arab attendants of the party were     
greatly excited by this  intelligence4  
,they were getting their guns in        
readiness1 and loading  and priming     
them4 ,a consultation was held1 and it  
was determined by  the party that they  
would not leave their encampment at the 
mouth of  the cavern1 since the position
 which they occupied there was such as  
to afford them a considerable advantage1
 as they judged1 in the case  of an     
attack4 ,they accordingly began to      
strengthen themselves where  they were  
with such means as they had at their    
command1 and to make the  best          
disposition they could of the animals   
and baggage1 with a view to  defending  
them4 ,at the same time they sent       
forward an ,arab chieftain of  the      
party1 to reconnoitre and learn more    
particularly the character of  the      
enemy4    ,the messenger soon returned1 
bringing back a report which at once    

relieved their fears4 ,the dreaded troop
 of marauders proved to be a  flock of  
sheep1 driven by a few men on donkeys4  
,of course1 all alarm  was at once      
dispelled1 and the expedition           
immediately resumed its  march1 pursuing
 its way as before along the strand4    
,but this was not  the end of the       
affair1 for the ,arabs of ,robinson's   
escort1 finding  that they were now the 
stronger party1 at once assumed the     
character  of robbers themselves1 and   
began immediately to make preparations  
for  plundering the strangers4 ,the     
customs of the country as they          
understood  the subject1 fully justified
 them in doing so1 and before ,robinson 
was aware of their intentions1 they     
galloped forward1 and attacked  the     
peaceful company of strangers1 and began
 to take away from them  every thing    
valuable on which they could lay their  
hands4 ,one seized  a pistol1 another a 
cloak1 and a third stores of provisions4
 ,robinson  and his companions hastened 

to the spot and arrested this           
proceeding1  though they had great      
difficulty in doing it4 ,the ,arabs     
insisted that  these men were their     
enemies1 and that they had a right to   
rob them  wherever they found them4 ,to 
which ,robinson replied1 that that might
  perhaps be the law of the desert1 but 
that while the ,arabs were in  his      
employ they must be content to submit to
 his orders4 ,at length  the stolen     
property was reluctantly restored1 and  
the strangers went  on their way4 ,they 
proved to be a party in the service of a
 merchant  of ,gaza1 a town on the      
,mediterranean coast1 nearly opposite   
this part  of the ,dead ,sea4 ,this     
merchant had been to ,kerak--the village
 which  has already been mentioned as   
seen by our party from their position   
on the heights of ,ain ,jidy1 at the    
head of the valley which opens on  the  
eastern side of the sea beyond          
,zoar--and there he had purchased a     
flock of sheep1 and was now driving     

them1 with the assistance of some       
peasants whom he had hired for the      
purpose1 home to ,gaza4      ,,the      
,,ford4    ,as has already been stated1 
the water of the ,dead ,sea1 though deep
 in  the northern part1 spreads out     
toward the southward over an immense    
region of flats and shallows1 so that   
sometimes the water is only a few  feet 
deep over an extent of many miles4      
,there are1 moreover1 southward  of the 
sea1 vast tracts of low and sandy land1 
which are sometimes  covered with water 
and sometimes bare1 on account of the   
rising and  falling of the sea1 the     
level of which seems to vary many feet  
in  different years and in different    
seasons1 according to the state of the  
snows on ,mount ,lebanon and the        
quantity of water brought down by the   
,jordan and other streams4 ,the         
shallowness of the water becomes very   
marked and apparent at the peninsula1   
and various rumors were brought  to     
,europe1 from time to time1 in the      

middle ages1 of a fording place  there1 
by means of which caravans1 when the    
water was low1 could cross  over from   
the eastern shore to the western1 and   
thus save the long  detour around the   
southern end of the sea4 ,the most      
direct and tangible  evidence in respect
 to this ford1 was given by the two     
celebrated  travelers1 ,irby and        
,mangles1 who relate that in descending 
from ,kerak  to the peninsula1 they fell
 in with a small company of ,arabs that 
were  going down to the sea--riding upon
 asses and other beasts of burden4  ,the
 ,arabs of this caravan said that they  
were going to cross the sea  at the     
ford4 ,the travelers did not actually   
see them make the passage1  for they    
were themselves engaged in exploring the
 eastern and northern  part of the      
peninsula at the time1 and the caravan  
was thus hidden  from view when they    
approached the water1 by the high land  
intervening  between them and the       
travelers4 ,after a short time1 however1

 the  travelers came over to the western
 side of the promontory1 and there  they
 saw the place of the ford indicated by 
boughs of trees set up in  the water4   
,the caravan had passed the ford1 and   
were just emerging from  the water on   
the western side of the sea4 ,this      
evidence was considered  as very direct 
and very conclusive1 and yet other      
travelers who visited  the same region1 
both before and afterward1 could obtain 
no certain  information in respect to   
the ford4 ,allusions to it exist in some
  very ancient records1 and yet the     
,arabs themselves who live in the       
vicinity1 when inquired of in respect to
 the subject1 often denied the          
possibility of such a passage4 ,the only
 way1 apparently1 of reconciling  these 
seemingly contradictory accounts1 is to 
suppose that the sea  is subject to     
great changes of level1 and that for    
certain periods1  perhaps at distant    
intervals from each other1 the water is 
so low that  caravans can cross it--and 

that afterward it becomes again too deep
 to  be passable1 continuing so perhaps 
for a long series of years1 so that  the
 existence of the ford is for a time in 
some measure forgotten4                 
,illustration3 ,,the ,,ford             
,,lieutenant ,,lynch4    ,the           
information which the ,christian world  
obtained in respect to  the ,dead ,sea  
and the character of the country around 
it1 was1 after  all1 down to quite a    
late period1 of a very vague and        
unsatisfactory  character1 being derived
 almost entirely from the reports of    
occasional  travelers who approached the
 shores of it1 from time to time1 at    
certain points more accessible than     
others1 but who remained at their       
places of observation for so brief a    
period1 and were so restricted  in      
respect to their means and facilities   
for properly examining the  localities  
that they visited1 that1 notwithstanding
 all their efforts1  the geography and  
natural history of the region were very 

imperfectly  determined4 ,things        
continued in this state until the year  
#ahdg1  when ,lieutenant ,lynch1 of the 
,united ,states naval service1 made his 
celebrated expedition into the ,holy    
,land1 for the express purpose of       
exploring the ,river ,jordan and the    
,dead ,sea4 ,we have already1 in our    
article on the ,river ,jordan1 given an 
account of the landing of this  party at
 the ,bay of ,acre1 of their            
extraordinary journey across the        
country to the ,sea of ,galilee1 and of 
their passage down the ,jordan in  the  
metallic boats1 the ,fanny ,mason and   
the ,fanny ,skinner1 which they  had    
brought with them across to the         
,mediterranean4 ,we now propose to      
narrate briefly the adventures which the
 intrepid explorer met with  in his     
cruise around the ,dead ,sea4 ,when he  
commenced the undertaking1  it was      
considered both by himself and his      
companions1 and also by his  countrymen 
and friends at home1 to be extremely    

doubtful whether he  would be able to   
accomplish it4 ,all previous attempts to
 navigate the  sea had failed1 and had  
proved fatal to their projectors4 ,some 
had been  destroyed by the              
natives--others had sunk under the      
pestiferous effects  of the climate4    
,when1 therefore1 the boats of this     
party1 heavily laden  with their stores 
of provisions and their crews1 came from
 the mouth  of the ,jordan out into the 
open sea1 the hearts of the adventurous 
navigators were filled with many        
forebodings4      ,a ,,gale4    ,the    
party expected to spend several weeks   
upon the sea1 and their plan  was to    
establish fixed encampments from time to
 time on the shore1 to  be used as      
stations where they could keep the      
necessary stores and  supplies1 and from
 which they could make excursions over  
the whole  surface of the sea4 ,the     
first of these stations was to be at a  
place  called the ,fountain of ,feshkah2
 a point on the western shore of the    

sea1 about five miles from the mouth of 
the ,jordan4 ,the caravan which  had    
accompanied the expedition along the    
bank while they had been  descending the
 river1 were to go around by land1 and  
meet the boats  at the place of         
rendezvous at night4 ,things being thus 
arranged1 the  land and water parties   
took leave of each other1 and the boats 
pushed  out upon the sea--turning to the
 westward and southward as soon as  they
 had rounded the point of land which    
forms the termination of the  bank of   
the river--and shaped their course in a 
direction toward the  place of          
rendezvous4 ,their course led them      
across a wide bay1 which  forms the     
northwestern termination of the sea4    
,there was a fresh  northwestern wind   
blowing at the time1 though they did not
 anticipate  any inconvenience from it  
when they left the river4 ,the force of 
the  wind1 however1 rapidly increased1  
and the effects which it produced  were 
far more serious than would have        

resulted from a similar gale  in any    
other sea4 ,the weight of the water was 
so great1 on account  of the            
extraordinary quantity of saline matter 
which it held in  solution1 that the    
boats in encountering the waves1        
suffered the most  tremendous           
concussions4 ,the surface of the sea    
became one wide spread  sheet of foaming
 brine1 while the spray which dashed    
over upon the  men1 evaporating as it   
fell1 covered their faces1 their hands1 
and  their clothes with encrustations of
 salt1 producing1 at the same time1     
prickling and painful sensations upon   
the skin1 and inflammation and  smarting
 in the eyes4 ,the party1 nevertheless1 
pushed boldly on for  some time toward  
the west1 in the hope of reaching the   
shore4 ,the wind1  however1 being almost
 directly ahead1 they made very little  
progress4  ,they began to fear that they
 should be driven entirely out to the   
open  sea1 and at length1 about the     
middle of the afternoon1 when they had  

been for some hours in this dangerous   
situation1 the gale increased to  such a
 degree that the boats were in imminent 
danger of foundering4 ,the  officers    
were obliged to order their supplies of 
water to be thrown  overboard1 in order 
to lighten the burden4 ,they gave up all
 hope of  gaining the land2 and1        
expecting to spend the night on the sea1
 they  thought only of the means of     
saving themselves from sinking4 ,at     
length1  however1 about six o'clock1 the
 wind suddenly ceased1 and the waves1 on
  account of the great weight of the    
water1 almost immediately went down4    
,the voyagers now1 though almost        
exhausted with their toils1 had little  
difficulty in gaining the land4         
,,the ,,first ,,encampment4    ,it was1 
however1 now dark1 and ,mr4 ,lynch felt 
much solicitude in  respect to the      
difficulty of finding the place of      
rendezvous on the  coast where the party
 in the boats were to meet the caravan4 
,they  rowed along the shore to the     

southward1 looking out on all the cliffs
  and headlands for lights or other     
signals4 ,they had an ,arab chieftain   
on board as a guide1 and on him the     
party had depended for direction  to the
 place where the fountain of ,feshkah   
was to be found4 ,the ,arab  had1       
however1 become so bewildered by the    
terror which the storm had  inspired1   
or1 perhaps1 by the strange and unusual 
aspect which the  land presented to him1
 as seen from the side toward the sea   
and in  the night1 that he seemed to be 
entirely lost4 ,at length the boatmen   
saw the light of a fire on the beach to 
the southward of them4 ,they  discharged
 a gun as a signal1 and pulled eagerly  
toward the fire4 ,the  light1 however1  
soon disappeared4 ,the men were then at 
a loss again1  and while resting upon   
their oars1 awaiting another signal1    
they  suddenly saw flashes1 and heard   
reports of guns and sounds of voices on 
the cliffs1 not far from them1 and      
immediately afterward heard other       

reports from a considerable distance    
back1 at a place which they had  passed 
in coming along the shore4 ,these       
various and uncertain sounds  quite     
embarrassed the boatmen4 ,they might    
indicate an attack from some  hostile   
force upon their friends on the land1 or
 some stratagem1 to  draw the boats into
 an ambuscade4 ,they1 however1          
determined1 at length1  that they would1
 at all events1 ascertain the truth2 so 
closing in with  the shore1 they pulled 
along the beach1 sounding as they       
proceeded4  ,about eight o'clock they   
arrived at the place of rendezvous1     
where  they found their friends awaiting
 them at the fountain4 ,the shouts  and 
signal-guns which they had heard had    
proceeded from two portions  of the     
caravan that had become separated on the
 march1 and were thus  attempting to    
communicate with each other4 ,the party 
in the boats were  greatly relieved on  
reaching the land1 for the whole scene  
through  which they had passed in       

approaching it1 had been one of the     
wildest  and most exciting character4   
,the sea itself1 mysterious and unknown1
  the lonely and desolate coast1 the    
dark and gloomy mountains1 the human    
voices heard in shouts and outcries on  
the cliffs1 with the flashes of  the    
guns1 and the reports reverberating     
along the shore1 joined to the  dread   
uncertainty which the boatmen felt in   
respect to what the end of  the         
adventure was to be1 combined to impress
 the minds of all the party  with the   
most sublime and solemn emotions4       
,the boats1 they found1 for some reason 
or other1 could not land at  the place  
which had been chosen for the           
encampment1 but were obliged  to proceed
 about a mile to the southward1 where1  
at length1 they were  safely drawn up   
upon the beach4 ,some ,arabs were placed
 here to guard  them1 while the seamen  
were conducted to the camp1 in order    
that they  might enjoy a night of       
repose4 ,the camp was pitched in a      

cane-brake1  not far from the shore1 the
 vegetation which covered the spot      
proving  that there was nothing very    
specially deleterious in the atmosphere 
of  the sea4 ,in fact1 during the       
remainder of the excursion1 ,mr4        
,lynch's  party always found1 in landing
 along the shores1 that there was always
  abundance of vegetation whenever there
 was fresh water from the  mountains to 
sustain it4 ,the water of the sea seems 
to be itself too  deeply impregnated    
with saline solutions to nourish        
vegetable life2  but beyond the reach of
 the spray1 which the wind drives only  
to a  short distance from the margin of 
the shore1 it exerts1 apparently no     
perceptible influence on either plants  
or animals4 ,many animals were  seen at 
different times in the vicinity of the  
sea1 some on the land1  and others      
flying freely over the water4 ,the water
 itself1 however1  seemed to produce no 
living thing4 ,some few shells were     
found in two or  three instances on the 

beach1 but they were of such a          
character1 and  appeared under such     
circumstances as to lead to the         
supposition that  they were brought down
 to the sea by the torrents from the    
mountains1  or by the current of the    
,jordan4    ,the scene which presented  
itself to the party as the night came on
 at  this their first encampment on the 
shore of the ,dead ,sea1 was solemn  and
 sublime4 ,the dark and gloomy          
mountains1 barren and desolate--their   
declivities fretted and furrowed by the 
tooth of time1 rose behind  them in     
dismal grandeur2 the waters of the sea  
lay reposing heavily in  their vast     
caldron before them1 covered with a     
leaden-colored mist2  while the moon1   
which rose toward midnight above the    
mountains beyond1  cast spectre-like    
shadows from the clouds over the broad  
and solemn  expanse1 in a wild and      
fantastic manner4 ,every thing seemed   
strange  and unnatural1 and wore an     
expression of unspeakable loneliness and

  desolation4 ,and yet about midnight   
the death-like silence and repose  which
 reigned around1 was strangely broken by
 the distant tolling of a  bell6    ,the
 tolling of the bell which the travelers
 heard1 proceeded from the  ,convent of 
,mar ,saba1 a rude and lonely structure1
 situated in the  middle of the desolate
 gorge which the brook ,kedron forms in 
traversing  the mountains that lie      
between ,jerusalem and the ,dead ,sea4  
,the place of  the convent was seven or 
eight miles from the shore where our    
travelers  were encamped1 but yet the   
tones of the bell1 calling the monks to 
their devotions1 made their way to the  
spot through the still evening  air4    
,the travelers felt cheered and         
encouraged in their solitude1 by  being 
thus connected again1 even by so slender
 a bond as this1 with  the common family
 of man1 from which they had seemed     
before to have  undergone an absolute   
and total separation4      ,,the        
,,voyage ,,to ,,en-,,gedi4    ,after    

remaining a day or two at ,feshkah1 and 
making various excursions  across the   
sea and along the shores1 from that     
station1 for the  purpose of measuring  
distances and taking soundings1 the     
party broke  up their encampment1 and   
prepared to proceed to the southward4   
,they  made arrangements for taking     
every thing with them on board the      
boats1  except a load from one single   
camel1 which was to be sent along the   
shore4 ,their intention was to proceed  
to ,en-gedi1 and to encamp there  at the
 foot of the cliffs1 on the little plain
 which ,robinson had  visited about ten 
years before4 ,this encampment at       
,en-gedi was to be a  sort of permanent 
station for the party during all the    
time necessary  for the survey of the   
middle and southern portions of the sea4
 ,it was  a suitable spot for such a    
post1 on account of its central         
position1  and also on account of the   
abundant supply of fresh water which    
could  be obtained there from the       

fountain4 ,the company were obliged to  
hasten  their departure from ,feshkah2  
for the water of the fountain at the    
place of their first encampment was     
brackish and unfit for use1 while  the  
supply which they had brought from the  
,jordan was nearly exhausted4  ,their   
stock of provisions1 too1 was well-nigh 
spent1 and ,lieutenant  ,lynch felt a   
considerable degree of uneasiness in    
respect to the means  of sufficiently   
replenishing it4 ,he sent off           
detachments from his  party to ,hebron  
and to ,jerusalem1 to procure supplies1 
directing them  to bring whatever they  
could procure to ,en-gedi4 ,he also sent
 an ,arab  chieftain1 named ,akil1 round
 to the eastern side of the sea1 to     
,kerak1  to purchase provisions there4  
,the ,arab1 if successful1 was to bring 
down his stores to the sea1 at the      
peninsula1 and at the proper time1      
,lieutenant ,lynch was to send one of   
the boats across from ,en-gedi to       
receive them4    ,things being thus     

arranged1 the tents were struck1 the    
boats pushed off  from the land1 while a
 train of ,arabs attended by the loaded 
camel1  took up their line of march     
along the beach4 ,as they proceeded1 the
  boats stopped from time to time1 to   
note and to record every thing  worthy  
of notice that appeared along the shore4
 ,they passed the mouth  of the brook   
,kedron1 a deep gorge1 narrow at the    
base1 and yawning wide  at the summit4  
,the sides of this frightful ravine were
 twelve hundred  feet high4 ,the bed of 
it was perfectly dry2 the waters of the 
stream at  this season of the year being
 wholly absorbed by the sands long      
before  reaching the sea4 ,they passed  
many caves1 some opening into the face  
of  the rock1 far up the mountain sides1
 in positions wholly inaccessible4  ,the
 shores were generally barren and       
desolate1 consisting of dark  brown     
mountains1 which looked as if they had  
been scorched by fire1  with a narrow   
beach equally dreary and desolate below4

 ,here and there1  however1 little      
valleys opened1 which sustained a scanty
 vegetation1  and birds and other       
animals were occasionally seen4 ,there  
seemed to be  no vegetation1 except at  
points where streams or springs of fresh
 water  flowed down from the land4      
,the boats proceeded onward in this     
manner till night1 and then rounding  a 
point which was covered sparsely with   
bushes and trees1 and with  tufts of    
cane and grass1 they came into a little 
bay which opened to a  dell1 fertilized 
by a fountain4 ,the name of the fountain
 was ,turabeh4  ,flowers were growing   
here1 and certain fruits1 the sight of  
which  gladdened the eyes of our        
voyagers1 though in any other situation 
they  would have attracted little       
attention4 ,the stream which sustained  
this  vegetation was extremely small4   
,the water trickled down from the spring
  so scantily that the ,arabs were      
forced to dig holes in the sand1 and    
wait for them to fill1 in order to      

procure enough for drink4 ,still its    
influence was sufficient to clothe its  
narrow dell with something like  verdure
 and fruitfulness4 ,the little oasis had
 its inhabitants1 too1 as  well as its  
plants and flowers4 ,one of the party   
saw a duck at a little  distance from   
the shore1 and fired at her2 though it  
might have been  thought that no one    
could have had the heart to disturb even
 a duck in  the possession of so        
solitary and humble a domain4 ,in fact1 
it seems  the sportsman must have had   
some misgivings1 and was accordingly not
  very careful in his aim1 for the bird 
was not harmed by the shot4 ,she  flew  
out to sea a little way1 alarmed by the 
report1 and then alighting  on the      
glassy surface of the water1 began to   
swim back again toward  the shore1 as if
 thinking it not possible that the      
strange intruders  into her lonely home1
 whoever and whatever they might be1    
could really  intend to do her any harm4
    ,illustration3 ,,turabeh4    ,soon  

after the party in the boats had landed1
 the camel with his  attendants arrived1
 and they all encamped on this spot for 
the night4  ,the scene which presented  
itself when the arrangements had been   
made  for the night was1 as usual in    
such cases1 very solemn and impressive4 
,the tents stood among the trees4 ,the  
,arab watch-fires were burning4 ,the    
boats were drawn up upon the shore4 ,the
 dark and sombre mountains rose  like a 
wall behind the encampment2 while the   
smooth and placid sea was  spread out   
before it1 reflecting with a sort of    
metallic lustre the  silver radiance of 
the moon4 ,the stillness1 too1 which    
reigned around  seemed strange and      
fearful1 it was so absolute and         
profound4    ,in the morning1 the party1
 after breakfasting under the trees on  
the  shore1 resumed their voyage4 ,after
 proceeding a few miles along the       
coast1 they saw an ,arab on the beach4  
,the ,arab hailed the party1 and  they  
attempted to communicate with him1 but  

could not understand what  he said4 ,at 
one place they stopped to examine a mass
 of ruins which  they saw standing a    
short distance up the mountain side4    
,the ruins  proved to be the remains of 
a wall1 built to defend the entrances to
  several caves which opened in the face
 of the precipice directly behind  them4
 ,the caves were perfectly dry1 and one 
of them was large enough to  contain    
twenty or thirty men4 ,there were       
openings cut from them through  the rock
 to the air above1 intended apparently  
to serve the purpose of  chimneys4      
,these caves were in the wilderness of  
,en-gedi4    ,in fact1 the boats were   
now drawing near to their place of      
destination4  ,at noon they arrived at  
the spot1 and the party landing1        
unloaded the  boats and hauled them up  
upon the shore4 ,they selected a spot   
for their  encampment on the little     
plain at the foot of the cliffs1 not far
 from  the place where the stream       
descends to it from the mountain above4 

,they  found that the gardens and other 
marks of vegetation which ,robinson had 
observed at the time of his visit1 had  
disappeared2 in other respects1  every  
thing corresponded with his description4
 ,the water was gushing  from the       
fountain as copiously as ever1 and was  
disappearing as rapidly  in the sands of
 its thirsty bed1 after running its     
short and foaming  course along its     
little dell4 ,after a brief survey of   
the scene1 the  ground was marked out1  
the tents were pitched1 and the stores  
deposited  within them2 the boats were  
hauled up and examined for repairs1 and 
all  the arrangements made for a        
permanent encampment2 for this was to be
  the head-quarters of the expedition   
during all the remaining time that  they
 were to spend upon the sea4 ,they named
 it ,camp ,washington4                  
,,explorings4    ,the encampment thus   
established at ,en-gedi continued to be 
occupied as  the head-quarters of our   
party for two or three weeks1 during    

which  time many expeditions were fitted
 out from it1 for exploring the whole   
southern portion of the sea1 and the    
country around4 ,the engineer of  the   
party measured a base line on the beach1
 and from the two stations  at the      
extremities of it took the bearings of  
all the important  points on the shores 
of the sea4 ,he made the necessary      
astronomical  observations also for     
determining the exact latitude and      
longitude of  the camp4 ,parties were   
sent out1 too1 sometimes along the      
shores and  up the mountains to collect 
plants and specimens1 and at other times
  across to the eastern shore to measure
 the breadth of the sea1 and to  make   
soundings for determining the depth of  
it in every part4 ,they  preserved      
specimens and memorials of every thing4 
,even the mud and  sand1 and the cubical
 crystals of salt which their sounding  
apparatus  brought up from the bottom of
 the sea1 were put up in airtight       
vessels  to be brought home for the     

inspection of naturalists and           
philosophers  in ,america4 ,thus the    
whole party were constantly employed in 
the  various labors incident to such an 
undertaking1 meeting from time  to time 
with strange and romantic adventures1   
and suffering on many  occasions most   
excessively from exposure and fatigue4  
,one of the most remarkable of the      
expeditions which they made from  their 
camp at ,en-gedi1 was a cruise of four  
days in the southern  portion of the    
sea1 in the course of which they        
circumnavigated the  whole southern     
shore4 ,in following down the western   
coast in first  commencing their voyage1
 they found the scenery much the same as
 it  had been in the northern part of   
the sea1 the coast being formed of  bald
 and barren mountains1 desolate and     
gloomy1 with a low1 flat beach  below1  
and sometimes a broad peninsula1 or     
delta1 formed1 at the mouths  of the    
ravines1 by the detritus brought down   
from above4 ,farther south1  however1   

the water became very shoal1 so much so1
 that at last they  could not approach  
the shore near enough to land1 without  
wading for a  great distance through    
water and mire4 ,in fact1 the line of   
demarkation  between the land and the   
sea was often scarcely perceptible1 the 
land  consisting of low flats and slimy 
mud1 coated with incrustations of  salt1
 and sometimes with masses of drift-wood
 lying upon it1 while  the water was    
covered with a frothy scum1 formed of   
salt and bitumen4  ,sometimes for miles 
the water was only one or two feet deep1
 and the  men in such cases1 leaving the
 boats1 waded often to a great distance 
from them4 ,every night1 of course1 they
 stopped and encamped on the  land4     
,,the ,,sirocco4    ,the party suffered 
on some occasions most intensely from   
heat and  thirst4 ,their supply of water
 was not abundant1 and one of the       
principal sources of solicitude which   
the officers of the expedition  felt    
throughout the cruise1 was to find      

fountains where they could  replenish   
their stores4 ,one night they were      
reduced to the greatest  extreme of     
misery from the influence of an         
intolerably hot and  suffocating wind1  
which blew upon them from off the desert
 to the  southward4 ,it was the         
,sirocco4 ,it gave them warning of its  
approach  on the evening before by a    
thin purple haze which spread over the  
mountains a certain unnatural and lurid 
hue1 that awakened a mysterious  emotion
 of awe and terror4 ,something dreadful 
seemed to be portended  by it4 ,it might
 be a thunder-tempest2 it might be an   
earthquake1 or it  might be some strange
 and nameless convulsion of nature      
incident to the  dreadful region to     
which they had penetrated1 but elsewhere
 unknown4  ,the whole party were        
impressed with a sentiment of solemnity 
and awe1  and deeming it best for them  
to get to the land as soon as possible1 
they took in sail1 turned their boats'  
heads to the westward1 and rowed  toward

 the shore4    ,in a short time they    
were struck suddenly by a hot and       
suffocating  hurricane1 which blew      
directly against them1 and1 for a time1 
not only  stopped their progress1 but   
threatened to drive them out again to   
sea4  ,the thermometer rose immediately 
to #aje4 ,the oarsmen were obliged to   
shut their eyes to protect them from the
 fiery blast1 and to pull1 thus         
blinded1 with all their strength to stem
 the waves4 ,the men who steered  the   
boats were unable1 of course1 thus to   
protect themselves1 and their  eyelids  
became dreadfully inflamed by the hot   
wind before they reached  the land4     
,at length1 to their great joy1 they    
succeeded in getting to the shore4      
,they landed at a most desolate and     
gloomy spot at the mouth of a dismal    
ravine2 and the men1 drawing the boats  
up on the beach1 immediately  began to  
seek1 in various ways1 some means of    
escape from the dreadful  influences of 
the blast4 ,several went up the ravine  

in search of some  place of retreat1 or 
shelter4 ,others finding the glare of   
the sun upon  the rocks insupportable1  
while they remained on the shore1       
returned to  the boats and crouched down
 under the awnings4 ,one of the officers
 put  spectacles upon his eyes to       
protect them from the lurid and burning 
light1 but the metal of the bows became 
so hot1 that he was obliged  to remove  
them4 ,every thing metallic1 in fact1   
such as the arms1 and  even the buttons 
on the clothes of the men1 were almost  
burning to  the touch1 and the wind1    
instead of bringing the usual refreshing
  influences of a breeze1 was now the   
vehicle of heat1 and blew hot and       
suffocating along the beach1 as if      
coming from the mouth of an oven4       
,intolerable as the influence was of    
this ill-fated blast1 it increased  in  
power1 until it blew a gale4 ,the       
distant mountains1 seen across the      
surface of the sea1 were curtained by   
mists of a purple and deadly hue4  ,the 

sky above was covered with              
bronze-colored clouds1 through which the
  declining sun shone1 red and rayless1 
diffusing over the whole face of        
nature1 instead of light1 a sort of     
lurid and awful gloom4    ,the sun went 
down1 and the shades of the evening came
 on1 but the heat  increased4 ,the      
thermometer rose to #ajf4 ,the wind was 
like the blast of  a furnace4 ,the men1 
without pitching their tents or making  
any other  preparations for the night1  
threw themselves down upon the ground1  
panting and exhausted1 and oppressed    
with an intolerable thirst4 ,they  went 
continually to the water breakers1 in   
which their supplies of  water were     
kept1 and drank incessantly1 but their  
thirst could not be  assuaged4          
,things continued in this state till    
midnight4 ,the wind then went down1  and
 very soon afterward a gentle breeze    
sprung up from the northward4  ,the     
thermometer fell to #hb1 and the        
,sirocco was over4      ,,the ,,pillar  

,,of ,,salt4    ,mr4 ,lynch's party     
visited the salt mountain of ,usdum1 of 
which we have  already spoken1 and      
examined it throughout its whole extent1
 in a very  careful and thorough manner4
 ,they found at one place1 at the head  
of  a deep and narrow chasm1 a          
remarkable conformation of the salt     
rock1  consisting of a tall cylindrical 
mass1 standing out detached1 as it      
were1 from the mountain behind it1 and  
appearing like an artificial  column4   
,it was in fact literally a pillar of   
salt4 ,it was forty or  fifty feet high1
 and was capped above with a layer of   
limestone1 a  portion perhaps of the    
once continuous calcareous stratum1     
which at  some remote geological period 
had been deposited over the whole bed of
  salt4 ,the appearance of the pillar   
was as if it were itself a portion  of  
the salt mountain that had been left by 
the gradual disintegration  and wearing 
away of the adjoining mass1 having      
assumed and preserved  its tall and     

columnar form1 through the protecting   
influence of the cap  of insoluble rock 
on its summit4 ,the mass1 though as seen
 in front it  appeared to stand isolated
 and alone like a pillar1 was connected 
with  the precipice behind it by a sort 
of buttress1 by means of which some  of 
the party climbed up to the top of the  
gigantic geological ruin1 and  standing 
upon the pinnacle1 looked down upon     
their companions below1  and upon the   
wide scene of desolation and death which
 was spread out  before them4           
,,excursion ,,to ,,kerak4    ,as we have
 already mentioned1 an ,arab chieftain  
who accompanied the  expedition1 had    
been sent round to the eastern side of  
the sea to the  town of ,kerak1 which   
was situated1 as will be recollected1 at
 the head  of the valley beyond ,zoar1  
to negotiate with the natives and to    
procure  provisions1 and a day had been 
appointed for him to come down to the   
shore1 at a certain point on the        
peninsula1 where a boat was to be sent  

to meet him4 ,when the time arrived for 
fulfilling this appointment1            
,lieutenant ,lynch organized a party for
 the excursion1 and embarked  for the   
eastern shore4 ,on approaching the land 
at the appointed place  of rendezvous1  
they saw an ,arab lurking in the bushes1
 apparently  watching for them1 and soon
 afterward several more appeared4 ,at   
first  the voyagers doubted whether     
these were the friends whom they had    
come  to meet or whether they were      
enemies lying in wait to entrap them4   
,on  approaching nearer to the beach1   
however1 they soon recognized ,akil4    
,he seemed greatly rejoiced to see them4
 ,he informed them that he had  been    
kindly received at ,kerak1 and he       
brought down an invitation to           
,lieutenant ,lynch1 from the chieftain  
that ruled there1 to come up to  the    
valley and make him a visit4 ,after some
 hesitation1 ,lieutenant  ,lynch        
concluded to accept this invitation4 ,he
 encamped1 however1 first  on the shore 

for a day or two1 to make the necessary 
explorations and  surveys in the        
neighborhood4 ,during this time he went 
out with two  ,arabs across the plain1  
to examine the supposed site of ancient 
,zoar4  ,he found ruins of an ancient   
village there1 and fragments of pottery1
  and other similar vestiges on the     
ground4 ,at length1 on the morning of   
the third day1 leaving his boat in the  
care of a guard1 he put himself  and his
 party of attendants under ,akil's      
guidance1 and set out to  ascend the    
valley4 ,the party were fourteen in     
number4 ,the sailors were  mounted on   
mules4 ,the officers rode on horseback4 
,the cavalcade was  escorted by a troop 
of twenty armed ,arabs--twelve mounted  
and the rest  on foot4    ,they found   
the valley which they had to ascend in  
going up to ,kerak1 a  gloomy gorge1 of 
the wildest and grandest character4 ,the
 path was steep  and very difficult1    
overhanging on one side a deep and      
yawning chasm1  and being itself        

overhung on the other with beetling     
crags1 blackened  as if by fire1 and    
presenting an aspect of unutterable and 
frightful  desolation4 ,to complete the 
sublimity of the scene1 a terrific      
tempest  of thunder1 lightning1 and rain
 swept over the valley while our party  
were ascending it1 and soon filled the  
bottom of the gorge with a  roaring and 
foaming torrent1 which came down from   
the mountains and  swept on toward the  
sea with a thundering sound4 ,at length 
the party  reached the brow of the table
 land1 three thousand feet above the    
level  of the sea1 and came out under   
the walls of the town4    ,the town     
proved to be a dreary and comfortless   
collection of rude stone  houses1       
without windows or chimneys1 and        
blackened within with smoke4  ,the      
inhabitants were squalid and miserable4 
,three-fourths of the people  were      
nominally ,christian4 ,the visit of the 
,americans of course excited  great     
interest4 ,we have not time to detail   

the various adventures  which the party 
met with in their intercourse with the  
inhabitants1  or to describe the        
singular characters which they          
encountered and the  extraordinary      
scenes through which they passed4 ,they 
remained one  night at ,kerak1 and then 
after experiencing considerable         
difficulty  in escaping the             
importunities with which they were      
besieged by the  chieftains for         
presents1 they succeeded in getting away
 and in  returning safely to their boat 
on the shore4      ,,the ,,depression   
,,of ,,the ,,sea4    ,our party1 after  
having spent about three weeks in making
 these and  similar excursions from     
their various encampments1 during which 
time  they had thoroughly explored the  
shores on every side1 and sounded the   
depths of the water in every part1 made 
all the necessary measurements  and     
observations both mathematical and      
meteorological1 collected  specimens for
 fully illustrating the geology and     

natural history of the  region1 and     
carefully noted all the physical        
phenomena which they had  observed1     
found that their work was done4 ,at     
least all was done which  could be      
accomplished at the sea itself4 ,one    
thing only remained to be  determined1  
and that was the measure of the         
depression of the sea4  ,this could be  
positively and precisely ascertained    
only by the process  of leveling a line1
 as it is termed1 across from the sea to
 the  shores of the ,mediterranean4     
,this work they now prepared to         
undertake1  making arrangements at the  
same time for taking their final leave  
of  the dismal lake which they had been 
so long exploring4    ,it had been long 
supposed that the ,dead ,sea lay below  
the general  level of the waters of the 
earth's surface1 and various modes had  
been adopted for ascertaining the amount
 of the depression4 ,the first  attempt 
was made by two ,english philosophers in
 #ahcg4 ,the method by  which they      

attempted to measure the depression was 
by means of the  boiling point of water4
 ,water requires a greater or a less    
amount of  heat to boil it according to 
the degree of pressure which it sustains
  upon its surface from the             
atmosphere--boiling with less heat on   
the  tops of mountains where the air is 
rare1 and requiring greater in the      
bottoms of mines1 where the density and 
weight of the atmosphere is  increased  
in proportion to the depth4 ,heights and
 depths1 therefore1  may be             
approximately measured by an observation
 of the degree of heat  indicated by the
 thermometer in the locality in         
question1 when water  begins to boil4   
,by this test the ,english philosophers 
found the  depression of the ,dead ,sea 
to be five hundred feet4    ,a short    
time after this experiment was performed
 a very careful  observation was made by
 means of a barometer1 which also1      
measuring1  as it does1 the density of  
the air1 directly1 may be made use of to

  ascertain heights and depths4 ,it is1 
in fact1 often thus employed to  measure
 the heights of mountains4 ,the result  
of observations with the  barometer gave
 a depression to the surface of the sea 
of about six  hundred feet4    ,a third 
method is by trigonometrical            
calculation4 ,this mode is much  more   
laborious and difficult than either of  
the other modes which we  have alluded  
to1 but it is more to be relied upon in 
its results4  ,the data for a           
trigonometrical calculation are to be   
obtained by  observing1 in a very       
accurate manner1 a series of angles of  
elevation  and depression on a line     
between the points1 the relative levels 
of  which are to be obtained4           
,lieutenant ,symonds1 an officer of the 
,english  service1 made such a survey   
with great care1 a few years after the  
preceding experiments were performed4   
,he carried a line across from  the     
,mediterranean to the ,dead ,sea1       
connecting the two extremes of it  by   

means of a series of vertical angles    
which he measured accurately1  with     
instruments of the most exact           
construction4 ,the result of the        
computation which he made from these    
data1 was that the sea was  depressed   
one thousand three hundred and twelve   
feet below the level  of the            
,mediterranean4    ,the surprise which  
had been felt at the results of the     
experiments  first mentioned1 was       
greatly increased by the announcement of
 this  result4 ,no one was disposed     
really to question the accuracy of the  
engineer's measurements and             
calculations1 but it seemed still almost
  incredible that a valley lying so near
 the open sea could be sunken so  low   
beneath its level4 ,there was one       
remaining mode of determining the       
question1 and that was by carrying an   
actual level across the land1 by  means 
of leveling instruments1 such as are    
used in the construction of  railroads  
and canals4 ,this would be1 of course1 a

 very laborious work1  but there was a  
general desire among all who took an    
interest in the  subject that it should 
be performed and ,lieutenant ,lynch     
determined to  undertake it4            
,accordingly1 when the time arrived for 
leaving the shores of the sea1  he      
organized a leveling party1 furnishing  
them with the necessary  instruments and
 with proper instructions1 and          
commissioned them to  perform this      
service4 ,they began by scaling the face
 of the mountain  which rose almost     
perpendicularly from the shore of the   
sea at the  place of the last           
encampment4 ,they then proceeded slowly 
along1 meeting  with various adventures1
 and encountering many difficulties1 but
  persevering steadily with the work1   
until at last1 in twenty-three days     
from the time of leaving the ,dead ,sea1
 they arrived on the shore of the       
,mediterranean at ,jaffa4 ,the result   
confirmed in a very accurate manner  the
 calculations of ,lieutenant ,symonds1  

for the difference of level  was found  
to be a little over thirteen hundred    
feet--almost precisely  the same as     
,lieutenant ,symonds had determined it4 
,the question is1  therefore1 now       
definitely settled4 ,the vast           
accumulation of waters  lies so far     
below the general level of the earth's  
surface that1 if  named after the       
analogy of its mighty neighbor1 it might
 well have been  called the             
,subterranean ,sea4    ,illustration3   
,,the ,,leveling ,,party4    ,lieutenant
 ,lynch had great reason to congratulate
 himself on this  successful result of  
his labors2 for the work which he had   
undertaken  was one not only of toil1   
exposure1 and suffering1 but also of    
great  danger4 ,he was warned by the    
fatal results which had almost          
invariably  attended former attempts to 
explore these waters1 that if he        
ventured  to trust himself upon them1 it
 was wholly uncertain whether he would  
ever return4 ,he followed in a track    

which had led all who had preceded  him 
in taking it1 to destruction2 and the   
only hope of safety and  success which  
he could entertain in renewing an       
experiment which had so  often failed   
before1 was in the superior sagacity and
 forethought which  he and his party    
could exercise in forming their plans1  
and in the  greater energy and courage1 
and the higher powers of endurance1     
which  they could bring into play in the
 execution of them4 ,the event proved   
that he estimated correctly the         
resources which he had at his command4  
,,the ,,story ,,of ,,costigan4    ,among
 the stories which were related to ,mr4 
,lynch1 when he was  preparing at the   
,sea of ,galilee to commence his        
dangerous voyage1  to discourage him    
from the undertaking1 was that of the   
unfortunate  ,costigan4 ,costigan was an
 ,irish gentleman who1 some years before
 the  period of ,lieutenant ,lynch's    
expedition1 had undertaken to make a    
voyage on the ,dead ,sea1 in a boat1    

with a single companion--a sailor  whom 
he employed to accompany him1 to row the
 boat1 and to perform  such other       
services as might be required4 ,costigan
 laid in a store of  provisions and     
water1 sufficient1 as he judged1 for the
 time that would  be consumed in the    
excursion1 and then taking his departure
 from a  point on the shore near the    
mouth of the ,jordan1 he pushed out with
 his  single oarsman over the waters of 
the sea4    ,illustration3 ,,costigan   
,about eight days afterward1 an ,arab   
woman1 wandering along the shore  near  
the place where these voyagers had      
embarked1 found ,costigan lying  upon   
the ground there1 in a dying condition1 
alone1 and the boat at a  little        
distance on the beach1 stranded and     
abandoned4 ,the woman took  pity upon   
the sufferer1 and calling some ,arab men
 to the spot1 she  persuaded them to    
take him up1 and carry him to ,jericho4 
,there they  found the sailor1 who1     
better able as it would seem to endure  

such  hardships than his master1 had had
 strength enough left1 when the  boat   
reached the land1 to walk1 and had1     
accordingly1 made his way to  ,jericho1 
leaving his master on the shore while he
 went for succor4 ,at  ,jericho         
,costigan revived a little1 and was then
 taken to ,jerusalem1  where he was     
lodged in a convent1 and every effort   
was made to save his  life and to       
promote his recovery1 but in vain4 ,he  
died in two days1 and  was never able to
 give any account of the events of his  
voyage4    ,the sailor1 however1 when   
questioned in respect to the events of  
the  cruise1 gave an account of such of 
them as a mere sailor would be  likely  
to remember4 ,they moved1 he said1 in a 
zigzag direction on the  lake1 crossing 
and recrossing it a number of times4    
,they sounded every  day1 and found the 
depth of the water in many places very  
great4 ,the  sufferings1 the sailor     
said1 which they both endured from the  
heat1  were very great2 and the labor of

 rowing was excessively exhausting4 ,in 
three days1 however1 they succeeded in  
reaching the southern extremity  of the 
sea1 and then set out on their return4  
,during all this time  ,costigan himself
 took his turn regularly at the oars1   
but on the sixth  day the supply of     
water gave out1 and then ,costigan's    
strength entirely  failed4 ,on the      
seventh day1 they had nothing to drink  
but the water of  the sea4 ,this only   
aggravated instead of relieving their   
thirst1 and on  the eighth day the      
sailor undertook to make coffee from the
 sea water1  hoping1 by this means1 to  
disguise in some measure its nauseating 
and  intolerable saltness4 ,but all was 
in vain4 ,no sustenance or strength     
could be obtained from such sources1 and
 the sailor himself soon found  his     
strength1 too1 entirely gone4 ,all      
attempts at rowing were now1 of  course1
 entirely abandoned1 and although the   
boat had nearly reached  the land again1
 at the mouth of the ,jordan1 the ill   

fated navigators  must have perished    
floating on the sea1 had it not happened
 that a  breeze sprung up just at this  
juncture--blowing toward the land4 ,the 
sailor1 though too much exhausted to    
row1 contrived to raise the sail1  and  
to guide the helm1 so that the boat at  
length attained the shore4  ,there he   
left his master1 while he himself made  
his way to ,jericho1 as  has been       
already described4    ,these and several
 other attempts somewhat similar in     
their nature and  results1 which had    
been made in previous years1 made it    
evident to  ,lieutenant ,lynch1 when he 
embarked in his enterprise1 that he was 
about  to engage in a very dangerous    
undertaking4 ,the arrangements and plans
  which he formed1 however1 were on a   
much greater scale and far more         
complete than those of any of his       
predecessors1 and he was enabled  to    
make a much more ample provision than   
they for all the various  emergencies   
which might occur in the course of the  

expedition4 ,by these  means1 and       
through the extraordinary courage1      
energy1 and resolution  displayed by    
himself and by the men under his        
command1 the enterprise  was conducted  
to a very successful result4      ,,the 
,,future4    ,the true character and    
condition of the whole valley of the    
,dead  ,sea having been thus fully      
ascertained1 and all the secrets of its 
gloomiest recesses having been brought  
fully to light1 it will probably  now be
 left for centuries to come1 to rest    
undisturbed in the dismal  and          
death-like solitude which seems to be   
its peculiar and appropriate  destiny4  
,curious travelers may1 from time to    
time1 look out over its  waters from the
 mouth of the ,jordan1 or survey its    
broad expanse from  the heights at      
,en-gedi1 or perhaps cruise along under 
the salt cliffs  of ,usdum1 on its      
southeastern shore1 in journeying to or 
from the  ,arabian deserts2 but it will 
be long1 probably1 before any keel shall

  again indent its salt-encrusted sands1
 or disturb the repose of its  ponderous
 waters4 ,it is true that the emotion of
 awe which its gloomy  and desolate     
scenery inspires has something in it of 
the sublime2 and  the religious         
associations connected with the past    
history of the sea1  impart a certain   
dread solemnity to its grandeur1 and    
make the spot a  very attractive one to 
those who travel into distant climes    
from love  of excitement and emotion4   
,but the physical difficulties1 dangers1
  exposures1 and sufferings1 which are  
unavoidably to be incurred in  every    
attempt to explore a locality like this1
 are so formidable1 and  the hazard to  
life is so great1 while the causes from 
which these evils  and dangers flow lie 
so utterly beyond all possible or       
conceivable  means of counteraction1    
that the vast pit will probably remain  
forever  a memorial of the wrath and    
curse of ,god1 and a scene of unrelieved
 and  gloomy desolation4          ,,the 

,,palaces ,,of ,,france4    ,,by ,,john 
,s4 ,c4 ,,abbott4      ,versailles4 ,it 
was a beautiful morning in ,may1 when we
 took the cars in  ,paris for a ride to 
,versailles1 to visit this most renowned
 of all the  voluptuous palaces of the  
,french kings4 ,nature was decked in her
 most  joyous robes4 ,the birds of      
spring had returned1 and1 in their      
fragrant  retreats of foliage and       
flowers1 were filling the air with their
 happy  warblings4 ,in less than an hour
 we alighted at ,versailles1 which is   
about twelve miles from ,paris4    ,when
 ,henry ,,iv41 three hundred years ago1 
attained the sovereignty of  ,france1 an
 immense forest spread over the whole   
region now occupied  by the princely    
residences of ,versailles4 ,for a       
hundred years this  remained the hunting
 ground of the ,french monarchs4 ,lords 
and  ladies1 with packs of hounds in    
full chase of the frightened deer1  like
 whirlwinds swept through the forests1  
and those dark solitudes  resounded with

 the bugle notes of the huntsmen1 and   
with the shouts of  regal revelry4 ,two 
hundred years ago ,louis ,,xiii41 in the
 midst of this  forest1 erected a       
beautiful pavilion1 where1 when weary   
with the chase1  the princely retinue1  
following their king1 might rest and    
feast1 and  with wine and wassail       
prolong their joy4 ,the fundamental     
doctrine of  political economy then was 
that people were made simply to earn    
money  for kings to spend4 ,the art of  
governing consisted simply in the art of
  keeping the people submissive while   
they earned as much as possible to      
administer to the voluptuous indulgences
 of their monarchs4    ,louis ,,xiv4    
ascended the throne4 ,he loved sin and  
feared its  consequences4 ,he could not 
shut out reflection1 and he dreaded     
death  and the scenes which might ensue 
beyond the grave4 ,whenever he          
approached the windows of the grand     
saloon of his magnificent palace  at    
,st4 ,germain1 far away1 in the haze of 

the distant horizon1 he  discerned the  
massive towers of the church of ,st4    
,denis4 ,in damp and  gloomy vaults1    
beneath those walls1 mouldered the ashes
 of the kings  of ,france4 ,the         
sepulchral object ever arrested the     
sight and tortured  the mind of the     
royal debauchee4 ,it unceasingly warned 
him of death1  judgment1 retribution4   
,he could never walk the magnificent    
terrace of  his palace1 and look out    
upon the scene of loveliness spread     
through  the valley below1 but there    
rose before him1 in sombre majesty1 far 
away in the distance1 the gloomy        
mausoleum awaiting his burial4 ,when    
heated with wine and inflamed by passion
 he surrendered himself to  dalliance   
with all forbidden pleasures1 his tomb  
reproached him and  warned him1 and the 
troubled king could find no peace4 ,at  
last he was  unable to bear it any      
longer1 and abandoning ,st4 ,germain1 he
 lavished  uncounted millions in        
rearing1 for himself1 his mistresses1   

and his  courtiers1 at ,versailles1 a   
palace1 where the sepulchre would not   
gloomily loom up before their eyes4 ,it 
is estimated that the almost  incredible
 sum of two hundred millions of dollars 
were expended upon  the buildings1 the  
gardens1 and the park4 ,thirty thousand 
soldiers1  besides a large number of    
mechanics1 were for a long time employed
  upon the works4 ,a circuit of sixty   
miles inclosed the immense park1  in the
 midst of which the palace was          
embowered4 ,an elegant city rose  around
 the royal residence1 as by magic4      
,wealthy nobles reared their  princely  
mansions1 and a population of a hundred 
thousand thronged the  gay streets of   
,versailles4 ,water was brought in      
aqueducts from a great  distance1 and   
with a perfectly lavish expenditure of  
money1 to create  fountains1 cascades1  
and lakes4 ,forests1 and groves1 and    
lawns arose  as by creative power1 and  
even rocks were made of cement1 and     
piled up  in precipitous crags to give  

variety and picturesqueness to the      
scene4  ,versailles6 ,it eclipsed       
,babylon in voluptuousness1             
extravagance1 and  sin4 ,millions toiled
 in ignorance and degradation from the  
cradle to  the grave1 to feed and clothe
 these proud patricians1 and to fill to 
superfluity the measure of their        
indulgences4 ,the poor peasant1 with    
his merely animal wife and animal       
daughter1 toiled in the ditch and  in   
the field1 through joyless years1 while 
his king1 beneath gilded  ceilings1 was 
feasting thousands of nobles1 with the  
luxuries of all  climes1 from plate of  
gold4    ,illustration3 ,,plan of       
,,versailles    ,it is in vain to       
attempt a description of ,versailles4   
,the main palace  contains five hundred 
rooms4 ,we passed the long hours of a   
long day  in rapidly passing through    
them4 ,the mind becomes bewildered with 
the magnificence4 ,here is the chapel   
where an offended ,god was to  be       
appeased by gilding his altar with gold1

 and where regal sinners  cheaply       
purchased pardon for the past and       
indulgence for the future4  ,it is one  
of the essentials of luxurious iniquity 
to be furnished with  facile appliances 
to silence the reproaches of the soul2  
and nothing  more effectually           
accomplishes this than a religion of    
mere ceremony4  ,upon this chapel ,louis
 ,,xiv4 concentrated all the taste and  
grandeur  of the age4 ,it was an easy   
penance for a profligate life to expend 
millions1 wrested from the toiling poor1
 to embellish an edifice  consecrated to
 an insulted ,god4 ,before this gorgeous
 altar stood ,maria  ,antoinette and    
,louis ,,xvi41 in consummation of that  
nuptial union which  terminated in the  
most melancholy tragedy earth has ever  
known4 ,the  exquisite paintings1 the   
rich carvings and gildings1 the graceful
  spring of the arched ceiling1 the     
statues of marble and bronze1 the       
subdued light1 which gently penetrates  
the apartment1 through the  stained     

glass1 the organ in its tones so soft   
and rich and full1 all  conspire to     
awaken that luxury of poetic feeling    
which the human heart  is so apt to     
mistake for the spirit of devotion--for 
love to ,god4 ,if  ye love me1 ye will  
keep my commandments4    ,but every spot
 in this sumptuous abode is so alive    
with the memories  of other days1 is so 
peopled with the spirits of the         
departed1 that we  linger and linger1 as
 historical incidents of intensest      
interest crowd  the mind4               
,illustration3 ,,louis ,,xiv4    ,voici 
la salle de l',opra1 exclaims the guide1
 and he rattles off a  voluble          
description1 which falls upon your ear  
like the unintelligible  moaning of the 
wind1 as1 lost in reverie1 you recall to
 mind the scenes  which have transpired 
in the theatre of ,versailles4 ,sinking 
down upon  the cushioned sofa1 where    
,maria ,antoinette often reclined in her
 days  of bridal beauty and ambition1   
the vision of private theatricals rises 

before you4 ,the deserted stage is again
 peopled4 ,the nobles of the  ,bourbon  
court1 in all the regalia of            
aristocratic pomp and pride1 crowd  the 
brilliant theatre1 blazing with the     
illumination of ten thousand  waxen     
lights4 ,maria1 the queen of ,france1   
enacts a tragedy1 little  dreaming that 
she is soon to take a part in a real    
tragedy1 the recital  of which will     
bring tears into the eyes of all        
generations4 ,maria  performs her part  
upon the stage with triumphant success4 
,the courtiers  fill the house with     
tumultuous applause4 ,her husband loves 
not to see  his wife a play-actress4 ,he
 hisses4 ,the wife is deaf to every     
sound but  that one piercing note of    
reproach4 ,in the midst of resounding   
triumph  she retires overwhelmed with   
sorrow and tears4    ,illustration3     
,,old ,,chateau ,,of ,,versailles       
,suddenly the vision changes4 ,the dark 
hours of the monarchy have come4  ,the  
people1 ragged1 beggared1 desperate1    

have thundered at the doors  of the     
palace1 declaring that they will starve 
no longer to support  kings and nobles  
in such splendor4 ,poor ,maria1 educated
 in the palace1  is amazed that the     
people should be so unreasonable and so 
insolent4  ,she had supposed that as the
 horse is made to bear his rider1 and   
the  cow to give milk to her owner1 so  
the people were created to provide      
kings with luxury and splendor4 ,but the
 maddened populace have lost all  sense 
of mercy4 ,they burn the chateaus of the
 nobles and hang their  inmates at the  
lamp-posts4 ,the high civil and military
 officers of the  king rally at         
,versailles to protect the royal family4
 ,in this very  theatre they hold a     
banquet to pledge to each other undying 
support4 ,in  the midst of their        
festivities1 when chivalrous enthusiasm 
is at its  height1 the door opens1 and  
,maria enters1 pale1 wan1 and           
woe-stricken4  ,the sight inflames the  
wine-excited enthusiasts to frenzy4 ,the

 hall  is filled with shoutings and with
 weeping2 with acclamations and with    
oaths of allegiance4 ,but we must no    
longer linger here4 ,the hours are  fast
 passing and there are hundreds of      
rooms1 gorgeous with paintings  and     
statues1 and crowded with historical    
associations1 yet to explore4  ,we must 
not1 however1 forget to mention1 in     
illustration of the  atrocious          
extravagance of these kings1 that the   
expense of every grand  opera performed 
in that theatre was twenty-five thousand
 dollars4    ,there were two grand      
suites of apartments1 one facing the    
gardens on  the north1 belonging to the 
king1 the other facing the south1       
belonging  to the queen4 ,the king's    
apartments1 vast in dimensions and with 
lofty  ceilings decorated with the most 
exquisite and voluptuous paintings1  are
 encrusted with marble and embellished  
with a profusion of the  richest works  
of the pencil and the chisel4 ,the      
queen's rooms are all  tastefully draped

 in white1 and glitter with gold4 ,upon 
this gorgeous  couch of purple and of   
fine linen1 she placed her aching head  
and  aching heart1 seeking in vain that 
repose which the defrauded peasants     
found1 but which fled from the pillow of
 the queen4 ,let society be  as corrupt 
as it may1 in a nominally ,christian    
land1 no woman can be  happy when she is
 but the prominent slave in the harem of
 her husband4  ,the paramours of ,louis 
,,xiv4 and ,louis ,,xv4 trod proudly the
 halls of  ,versailles2 their favor was 
courted even more than that of their    
queen1  and the neglected wife and      
mother knew well the secret passages    
through  which her husband passed to the
 society of youth1 and beauty1 and      
infamy4    ,the statues and the         
paintings which adorn these rooms seem  
to have been  inspired by that one      
all-powerful passion1 which1 properly   
regulated1  fills the heart with joy1   
and which unregulated is the most       
direful  source of wretchedness which   

can desolate human homes4 ,it is said   
that  art is in possession of a delicacy
 which rises above the instinctive      
modesty of ordinary life4 ,france has   
adopted this philosophy1 and it  is     
undeniable that ,france1 with all her   
refinement and politeness1 has  become  
an indelicate nation4 ,the evidence is  
astounding and revolting4  ,no          
gentleman1 no lady1 from other lands can
 long reside in ,paris  without being   
amazed at the scenes which ,paris       
exhibits4 ,the human  frame in its      
nudity is so familiar to every eye1 that
 it has lost all  its sacredness4 ,in   
all the places of public amusement1 the 
almost  undraped forms of living men and
 women pass before the spectators1  and 
all the modesties of nature are         
profaned4 ,the pen can not detail       
particulars1 for we may not even record 
in ,america that which is done  in      
,france4 ,the connection is plain4 ,the 
effect comes legitimately from  the     
cause4 ,no lady can visit ,versailles   

without having her sense of  delicacy   
wounded4 ,it is said that to the pure   
all things are pure4  ,but alas for     
humanity6 a fleeting thought will sully 
the soul4 ,there  is much1 very much in 
,france to admire4 ,the cordiality and  
the courtesy  of the ,french are worthy 
of all praise4 ,but the delicacy of     
,france has  received a wound1          
deplorable in the extreme1 and a wound  
from which it  can not soon recover4    
,illustration3 ,,palace ,,of            
,,versailles--,,old ,,court ,,entrance4 
,the grand banqueting room of           
,versailles is perhaps the most         
magnificent  apartment in the world1    
extending along the whole central faade 
of  the palace1 and measuring #bdb feet 
in length1 #ce feet in width1 and  #dc  
feet in height4 ,it is lighted by #ag   
large arched windows1 with              
corresponding mirrors upon the opposite 
wall4 ,the ceiling is painted  with the 
most costly creations of art4 ,statues  
of ,venus and ,adonis1 and  of every    

form of male and female beauty1         
embellish the niches4 ,here  ,louis     
,,xiv4 displayed all the grandeur of    
royalty1 and this vast gallery  was     
often filled to its utmost capacity with
 the brilliant throng of  lords and     
ladies1 whom the people here supported1 
,versailles was the  ,royal alms-house  
of the kingdom4 ,the ,french            
,revolution1 in its terrible  reprisals1
 was caused by strong provocatives4     
,the cabinet of the king1 a very        
beautiful room1 is near4 ,here is a     
large round table in the centre of the  
saloon4 ,history informs us  that one   
day ,louis ,,xv4 was sitting at this    
table1 with a packet of  letters before 
him4 ,the petted favorite1 ,madame du   
,barri1 came in1 and  suspecting that   
the package was from a rival1 she       
snatched it from the  king's hand4 ,he  
rose indignantly1 and pursued her4 ,she 
ran around the  table1 chased by the    
angry monarch1 till finding herself in  
danger  of being caught1 she threw the  

letters into the glowing fire of the    
grate4 ,the fascinating and guilty      
beauty perished in the ,revolution4     
,she was condemned by the revolutionary 
tribunal4 ,her long hair was  shorn1    
that the knife of the guillotine might  
more keenly cut its way4  ,but          
clustering ringlets1 in beautiful       
profusion1 fell over her brow  and      
temples1 and vailing her voluptuous     
features reposed upon her  bosom1 from  
which the executioner had brutally torn 
the dress4 ,the  yells of the maddened  
populace1 deriding her exposure and her 
agony  of terror1 filled the air4 ,the  
drunken mob danced exultingly around    
the aristocratic courtesan as the cart  
dragged her to the block4 ,but  the     
shrieks of the appalled victim pierced  
through the uproar which  surrounded    
her4 ,life--life--life6 she screamed1   
frantic with fright2  ,o1 save me1 save 
me6 ,the mob laughed and shouted1 and   
taunted her  with coarse witticisms upon
 the soft pillow of the guillotine1 upon

  which her head would soon repose4 ,the
 coarse executioners1 with rude         
violence1 bound her graceful1 struggling
 limbs to the plank1 the slide  fell1   
and her shrieks were hushed in death4   
,and here is the room in which her royal
 lover died4 ,it was midnight1  the     
#ajth of ,may1 #aggd4 ,the small-pox1 in
 its most loathsome form1 had  swollen  
his frame into the mockery of humanity4 
,the courtiers had fled  in             
consternation from the monarch whom they
 hated and despised4 ,in his  gorgeous  
palace the king of thirty millions of   
people was left1 to  struggle with      
death1 unpitied and alone4 ,an old woman
 sat unconcerned  in an adjoining room1 
waiting till he should be dead4         
,occasionally  she rose and walked to   
his bedside to see if he still breathed1
 and1  disappointed that he lived so    
long1 returned again to her chair4 ,a   
lamp flickers at the window1 a signal to
 the courtiers1 at a safe  distance1    
that the king is not yet dead4 ,they    

watch impatiently through  the hours of 
the night the glimmer of that dim torch4
 ,suddenly it is  extinguished1 and     
gladness fills all hearts4        ,so   
live1 that sinking in thy last long     
sleep1      ,smiles may be thine1 while 
all around thee weep4    ,and here is   
the gorgeous couch upon which the       
monarch who reared  these walls expired4
 ,it was the #cjth of ,august1 #agae4   
,the gray-haired  king1 emaciate with   
remorse and physical suffering1 reclined
 upon the  regal bed1 whose velvet      
hangings were looped back with heavy    
tassels  and ropes of gold4 ,the vast   
apartment was thronged with princes and 
courtiers in the magnificent costume of 
the times4 ,ladies sunk upon  their     
knees around the bed where the proudest 
monarch of ,france was  painfully       
gasping in the agonies of death4 ,his   
soul was harrowed with  anguish1 as he  
reflected upon the bitter past1 and     
anticipated the  dread future4 ,publicly
 he avowed with gushing tears his       

regret1 in view  of the scenes of guilt 
through which he had passed4 ,gentlemen1
 said  the dying king1 in a faltering   
voice to those around him1 ,i implore   
your pardon for the bad example ,i have 
set you4 ,forgive me4 ,i trust  that you
 will sometimes think of me when ,i am  
gone4 ,then exclaiming1  ,oh1 my ,god1  
come to my aid1 and hasten to help me1  
he fell back  insensible upon his       
pillow1 and soon expired4    ,as he     
breathed his last1 one of the high      
officers of the household  approached   
the window of the state apartment1 which
 opened upon the  great balcony1 and    
threw it back4 ,a vast crowd was        
assembled in the  court-yard below1     
awaiting the tidings which they knew    
could not long  be delayed4 ,raising his
 truncheon above his head1 he broke it  
in the  centre1 and throwing the pieces 
among the crowd exclaimed1 with a loud  
and solemn voice1 ,the king is dead6    
,then seizing another staff from  an    
attendant1 he waved it in the air1      

shouting joyfully1 ,long live the  king6
 ,the dead king is instantly and forever
 forgotten4 ,the living  king1 who alone
 had favors to confer1 was welcomed to  
his throne by  multitudinous shouts1    
echoing through the apartment of death4 
,illustration3 ,,death ,,of ,,louis     
,,xiv4    ,but upon this balcony a scene
 of far greater moral sublimity has     
transpired4 ,it was the morning of the  
#hth of ,october1 #aghi4 ,the  night had
 been black and stormy4 ,the infuriated 
mob of ,paris1  drenched with rain1 men1
 women1 boys1 drunken1 ragged1 starving1
  in countless thousands1 had all the   
night long been howling around  their   
watch-fires1 ravenous for the life of   
the queen4 ,clouds1 heavy  with rain1   
were still driven violently through the 
stormy sky1 and  pools of water filled  
the vast court-yard of the palace4      
,muskets  were continually discharged1  
and now and then the crash of a bullet  
through a window was heard4 ,at last the
 mob1 pressing the palace in an         

innumerable throng1 with a roar which   
soon became simultaneous1 like  an      
uninterrupted peal of thunder1 shouted1 
,the ,queen6 the ,queen6  demanding that
 she should appear upon the balcony4    
,with that heroic  spirit which ever    
inspired her1 she fearlessly stepped out
 of the low  window1 leading her        
children by her side4 ,away with the    
children6  shouted thousands of voices4 
,even this maddened multitude had not   
the  heart to massacre youth and        
innocence4 ,maria1 whose whole soul was 
roused to meet the sublimity of the     
occasion1 without the tremor of  a nerve
 led back her children1 and again       
appearing upon the balcony1  folded her 
arms and raised her eyes to heaven1 as  
if devoting herself  a sacrifice to the 
wrath of her subjects4 ,even degraded   
souls could  appreciate the heroism of  
such a deed4 ,a murmur of admiration    
ensued1  followed by a simultaneous     
shout1 which pierced the skies1 ,vive la
  ,reine6 ,vive la ,reine6    ,and now  

we enter the chamber where ,maria slept 
on that night--or rather  where she did 
not sleep1 but merely threw herself for 
a few moments  upon her pillow1 in the  
vain attempt to soothe her agitated     
spirit4 ,the  morning had nearly dawned 
ere she retired to her chamber4 ,a      
dreadful  clamor upon the stairs roused 
her4 ,the mob had broken into the       
palace4  ,the discharge of fire-arms and
 the clash of swords at her door1       
proclaimed that the desperadoes were    
struggling with her guard4 ,at the  same
 moment she heard the dying cry of her  
faithful sentinel1 as he  fell beneath  
the blows of the assassins1 calling to  
her1 ,fly6 fly for  your life6 ,she     
sprang from her bed1 rushed to the      
private door which  led to the king's   
apartment1 and had but just time to     
close the door  behind her1 when the    
tumultuous assailants rushed into the   
room1 and  plunged their bayonets1 with 
all the vigor of their brawny arms1 into
  her bed4 ,unfortunately1 ,maria had   

escaped4 ,happy would it have been  for 
the ill-fated queen had she died in that
 short agony4 ,but she was  reserved for
 a fate perhaps more dreadful than has  
ever befallen any  other daughter of our
 race4    ,poor ,maria6 fancy can not   
create so wild a dream of terror as was 
realized in her sad life4 ,the annals of
 the world contain not another  tragedy 
so mournful4    ,every room we enter has
 its tale to tell4 ,providence deals    
strangely  in compensations4 ,the kings 
of ,france robbed the nation to rear for
  themselves these gorgeous palaces4    
,and yet the poor unlettered peasant  in
 his hut1 was a stranger to those woes1 
which have ever held high  carnival     
within these gilded walls4 ,few must    
have been the hours of  happiness which 
have been found in the ,palace of       
,versailles4 ,the  paintings which adorn
 the saloons and galleries of this      
princely abode1  are executed in the    
highest style of ancient and modern art4
 ,one is  never weary of gazing upon    

them4 ,many of them leave an impression 
upon  the mind which a lifetime can not 
obliterate4 ,all the great events of    
,france are here chronicled in that     
universal language which all nations    
can alike understand4 ,david's          
magnificent painting of the ,coronation 
of  ,napoleon attracts the special      
attention of every visitor4 ,the artist 
has seized upon the moment when the     
,emperor is placing the crown upon  the 
brow of ,josephine4 ,when the colossal  
work was finished1 many  criticisms were
 passed upon the composition1 which met 
the ,emperor's  ear4 ,among other       
things1 it was specially objected that  
it was not  a picture of the coronation 
of ,napoleon but of that of ,josephine4 
,when the great work was entirely       
completed1 ,napoleon appointed a day  to
 inspect it in person1 prior to its     
public exhibition4 ,to confer  honor    
upon the distinguished artist1 he went  
in state1 attended by a  detachment of  
horse and a military band1 accompanied  

by the ,empress  ,josephine1 the princes
 and princesses of the family1 and the  
great  officers of the crown4           
,napoleon for a few moments contemplated
 the painting in thoughtful  silence1   
and then1 turning to the artist1 said1  
,m4 ,david1 this is  well--very well1   
indeed4 ,the empress1 my mother1 the    
emperor1 all are  most appropriately    
placed4 ,you have made me a ,french     
knight1 and ,i am  gratified that you   
have thus transmitted to future ages the
 proofs of  affection ,i was desirous of
 testifying toward the empress4         
,josephine  was at the time standing at 
his side1 leaning upon his right arm4   
,m4  ,david stood at his left4 ,after   
contemplating the picture again for a   
few moments in silence1 he dropped the  
arm of the empress1 advanced two  steps1
 and turning to the painter1 uncovered  
his head1 and bowing to  him profoundly1
 exclaimed1 ,m4 ,david1 ,i salute you6  
,sire6 replied the painter1 with        
admirable tact1 ,i receive the          

compliment of the emperor1 in the name  
of all the artists in the  empire1 happy
 in being the individual one you deign  
to make the channel  of such an honor4  
,when this painting was afterward       
removed to the ,museum1 the emperor     
wished to see it a second time4 ,m4     
,david1 in consequence1 attended in  the
 hall of the ,louvre1 accompanied by all
 of his pupils4 ,napoleon on  this      
occasion inquired of the illustrious    
painter who of his pupils had           
distinguished themselves in their art4  
,napoleon immediately conferred  upon   
those young men the decoration of the   
,legion of ,honor4 ,he then  said1 ,it  
is requisite that ,i should testify my  
satisfaction to the  master of so many  
distinguished artists2 therefore ,i     
promote you to be  ,officer of the      
,legion of ,honor4 ,m4 ,duroc1 give a   
golden decoration to  ,m4 ,david4 ,sire1
 ,i have none with me1 answered the     
,grand ,marshal4  ,no matter1 replied   
the ,emperor2 do not let this day pass  

without  executing my order4    ,the    
,king of ,wirtemberg1 himself quite an  
artist1 visited the painting1  and      
exceedingly admired it4 ,as he          
contemplated the glow of light which    
irradiated the person of the ,pope1 he  
exclaimed1 ,i did not believe  that your
 art could effect such wonders4 ,white  
and black1 in painting1  afford but very
 weak resources4 ,when you produced this
 you had no doubt  a sunbeam upon your  
pencil6    ,but we must no longer linger
 here4 ,and yet how can we hurry along  
through the midst of this profusion of  
splendor and of beauty4 ,room  after    
room opens before us1 in endless        
succession1 and the mind is  bewildered 
with the opulence of art4 ,in each room 
you wish to stop for  hours1 and yet you
 can stop but moments1 for there are    
hundreds of  these gorgeous saloons to  
pass through1 and the gardens and the   
parks  to be visited1 the fountains and 
the groves1 the rural palaces of the    
,great ,trianon and the ,little         

,trianon1 and above all the ,swiss      
village4  ,the ,historical ,museum      
consists of a suite of eleven           
magnificent  apartments1 filled with the
 most costly paintings illustrating the 
principal events in the history of      
,france up to the period of the         
revolution4 ,you then enter a gallery1  
three hundred feet in length1  filled   
with the busts1 statues1 and monumental 
effigies of the  kings1 queens1 and     
illustrious personages of ,france4 ,the 
,hall of the  ,crusades consists of a   
series of five splendid saloons in the  
,gothic  style1 filled with pictures    
relating to that strange period of the  
history of the world4 ,but there seems  
to be no end to the artistic  wonders   
here accumulated4 ,the ,grand ,gallery  
of ,battles is a room #cic  feet in     
length1 #dc in breadth1 and the same in 
height4 ,the vaulted  ceiling is        
emblazoned with gold1 and the walls are 
brilliant with  the most costly         
productions of the pencil4 ,one vast    

gallery contains  more than three       
hundred colossal pictures1 illustrating 
the military  history of ,napoleon4 ,in 
one of the apartments1 on the ground    
floor1  are seen two superb carriages4  
,one is that in which ,charles ,x4 rode 
to his coronation4 ,it was built for    
that occasion1 at an expense of  one    
hundred thousand dollars4 ,the resources
 of wealth and art were  exhausted in   
the construction of this voluptuous and 
magnificent  vehicle4 ,the other was    
built expressly for the christening of  
the  infant ,duke of ,bordeaux4    ,but 
let us enter the stables1 for they also 
are palaces4 ,the nobles of  other lands
 have hardly been as sumptuously housed 
as were the horses  of the kings of     
,france4 ,the ,palace of ,versailles is 
approached from  the town by three grand
 avenues--the central one #hjj feet     
broad4 ,these  avenues open into a large
 space called the ,place of ,arms4      
,flanking the  main avenue1 and facing  
the palace1 were placed the ,grand      

,stables1  inclosed by handsome iron    
railings and lofty gate-ways1 and       
ornamented  with trophies and           
sculptures4 ,these stables were         
appropriated to the  carriages and the  
horses of the royal family4 ,here the   
king kept  his stud of #ajjj of the most
 magnificent steeds the empire could    
furnish4 ,it must have been a brilliant 
spectacle1 in the gala days  of         
,versailles1 when lords and ladies1     
glittering in purple and gold1  thronged
 these saloons1 and mounted on horses   
and shouting in chariots1  with waving  
plumes1 and robes like banners          
fluttering in the air1  swept as a      
vision of enchantment through the       
,eden-like drives which  boundless      
opulence and the most highly cultivated 
taste had opened in  the spacious parks 
of the palace4 ,the poor peasant and    
pale artisan1  whose toil supplied the  
means for this luxury1 heard the shout1 
and saw  the vision1 and1 ate their     
black bread1 and looked upon the        

bare-footed  daughter and the emaciate  
wife1 and treasured up wrath4 ,the      
fearful  outrages of the ,french        
revolution1 concentrated upon kings and 
nobles  in the short space of a few     
years1 were but the accumulated         
vengeance  which had been gathering     
through ages of wrong and violence in   
the  hearts of oppressed men4 ,but those
 days of kingly grandeur have passed    
away from ,france forever4 ,versailles  
can never again be filled as it  has    
been4 ,it is no longer a regal palace4  
,it is a museum of art1 opened  freely  
to all the people4 ,no longer will the  
blooded ,arabians of a  proud monarch   
fill those stables4 ,one has already    
been converted into  cavalry barracks1  
and the other into an agricultural      
school4 ,it is to  be hoped that the    
soldiers will soon follow the horses1   
and that the  sciences of peace will    
eject those of war4    ,illustration3   
,,louis ,,xiv4 ,,hunting4    ,what      
tongue can tell the heart-crushing      

dramas of real life which have  been    
enacted in this palace4 ,its history is 
full of the revealings  of the agonies  
of the soul4 ,love1 in all its delirium 
of passion1 of  hopelessness1 of        
jealousy1 and of remorse1 has here      
rioted1 causing  the virtuous to fall   
and weep tears of blood1 the vicious to 
become  demoniac in reckless            
self-abandonment4 ,after years of       
soul-harrowing  pleasure and sin1 the   
,duchesse de la ,vallire1 with pallid   
cheek1 and  withered charms1 and        
exhausted vivacity1 retired from these  
sumptuous  halls and from her heartless1
 selfish1 discarding betrayer1 to seek  
in the glooms of a convent that peace   
which the guilty love of a  king could  
never confer upon her heart4 ,for thirty
 years1 clothed in  sackcloth1 she      
mourned and prayed1 till the midnight   
tollings of the  convent bell consigned 
her emaciate frame to the tomb4         
,madame ,montespan1 a lady of noble     
rank1 beautiful and brilliant1          

abandoning her husband1 willingly threw 
herself into the arms of the  proud1    
mean1 self-worshiping monarch4 ,the     
patient1 gentle1 pious1  martyr wife of 
,louis ,,xiv4 looked silently on1 and   
saw ,madame ,montespan  become the      
mother of the children of the king4 ,but
 ,madame ,montespan's  cheek also1 in   
time1 became pale with jealousy and     
sorrow1 as another  love attracted the  
vagrant desires of the royal debauchee4 
,he sent  a messenger to inform the     
ruined1 woe-stricken1 frantic woman1    
that  her presence was no longer        
desired1 that she was but a             
supernumerary  in the palace1 that she  
must retire4 ,with insult almost        
incredible  he informed the unhappy     
woman1 that as the children to whom she 
had  given birth were his own they might
 be received and honored in the  palace1
 but that as she had been only his      
mistress1 it was not decorous  that she 
should longer be seen there4 ,the       
discarded favorite1 in the  delirium of 

her indignation and her agony1 seized a 
dessert knife upon  the table1 and      
rushing upon her beautiful boy1 the     
little ,count of  ,toulouse1 whom the   
king held by the hand1 shrieked out1 ,i 
will leave  the palace1 but first ,i    
will bury this knife in the heart of    
that  child4 ,with difficulty the       
frantic woman was seized and bound1 and 
the  affrighted child torn from her     
grasp4 ,and here we stand in the very   
saloon in which this tragedy occurred4  
,the room is deserted and still4  ,the  
summer's sun sleeps placidly upon the   
polished floor4 ,but far away  in other 
worlds the perfidious lover and his     
victim have met before a  tribunal1     
where justice can not be warded off1 by 
sceptre or by crown4  ,madame           
,maintenon1 whom the king gained by a   
private marriage1 which he  afterward   
was meanly ashamed to acknowledge1      
succeeded ,madame ,montespan  in the    
evanescent love of the king4    ,the    
fate of this proud beauty1 once one of  

the most envied and admired  of the     
gilded throng1 which crowded            
,versailles1 was indeed peculiar4  ,upon
 her dying bed1 in accordance with the  
gloomy superstitions of the  times1 she 
bequeathed her body to the family tomb1 
her heart to the  convent of ,la ,flche1
 and her entrails to the priory of ,st4 
,menoux4 ,a  village surgeon performed  
the duty of separating from the body    
those  organs1 which were to be conveyed
 as sacred relics to the cloister4  ,the
 heart1 inclosed in a leaden case1 was  
forwarded to ,la ,flche4 ,the           
intestines were taken out and placed in 
a small trunk4 ,the trunk was  intrusted
 to the care of a peasant1 who was      
directed to convey them  to ,st4        
,menoux4 ,the porter1 having completed  
half of his journey1 sat  down under a  
tree to rest4 ,his curiosity was excited
 to ascertain the  contents of the box4 
,astonished at the sight1 he thought    
that some  comrade was trifling with    
him1 desiring to make merry at his      

expense4  ,he therefore emptied the     
trunk into a ditch beside which he sat4 
,just at that moment1 a lad who was     
herding swine drove them toward  him4   
,groveling in the mire they approached  
the remains and instantly  devoured     
them6 ,she had bequeathed the sacred    
relics as a legacy to the  church1 to be
 approached with reverence through all  
coming time4 ,the  filthiest animals in 
the world rooted them into the mire and 
ate them1  devouring a portion of the   
remains of one of the proudest beauties 
who  ever reigned in an imperial palace4
    ,illustration3 ,,madame ,,maintenon4
    ,it has often been said that the    
,french revolution merely overthrew  a  
,bourbon to place upon the throne a     
,bonaparte4 ,but ,napoleon1 a           
democratic king1 with all the energy of 
his impassioned nature  consulting for  
the interests of the people of ,france1 
was as different  in his character1 and 
in the great objects of his ambition1   
and his  life1 from the old feudal      

monarchs1 as is light from darkness4    
,the  following was the ordinary routine
 of life1 day after day1 and year  after
 year1 with ,louis ,,xiv41 in the palace
 of ,versailles4    ,at eight o'clock in
 the morning two servants carefully     
entered the  chamber of the king4 ,one1 
if the weather was cold or damp1 brought
 dry  wood to kindle a cheerful blaze   
upon the hearth1 while the other opened 
the shutters1 carried away the collation
 of soup1 roasted chicken1  bread1 wine1
 and water1 which had been placed1 the  
night before1 at  the side of the royal 
couch1 that the king might find a repast
 at hand  in case he should require     
refreshment during the night4 ,the valet
 de  chambre then entered and stood     
silently and reverently at the side of  
the bed for one half hour4 ,he then     
awoke the monarch1 and immediately      
passed into an ante-room to communicate 
the important intelligence that  the    
king no longer slept4 ,upon receiving   
this announcement an attendant  threw   

open the double portals of a wide door1 
when the dauphin and  his two sons1 the 
brother of the king1 and the ,duke of   
,chartres1 who  awaited the signal1     
entered1 and approaching the bed with   
the utmost  solemnity of etiquette1     
inquired how his majesty had passed the 
night4 ,after the interval of a moment  
the ,duke du ,maine1 the ,count de      
,toulouse1 the first lord of the        
bed-chamber1 and the grand master of    
the robes entered the apartment1 and    
with military precision took their      
station by the side of the couch of     
recumbent royalty4 ,immediately  there  
followed another procession of officers 
bearing the regal  vestments4 ,fagon1   
the head physician1 and ,telier1 the    
head surgeon1  completed the train4     
,the head valet de chambre then poured  
upon the hands of the king a few  drops 
of spirits of wine1 holding beneath them
 a plate of enameled  silver1 and the   
first lord of the bed-chamber presented 
to the monarch1  who was ever very      

punctilious in his devotions1 the holy  
water1 with  which the king made the    
sign of the cross upon his head and his 
breast4 ,thus purified and sanctified he
 repeated a short prayer1 which  the    
church had taught him1 and then rose in 
his bed4 ,a noble lord  then approached 
and presented to him a collection of    
wigs from which  he selected the one    
which he intended to wear that day1 and 
having  condescended to place it1 with  
his own royal hands upon his head1 he   
slipped his arms into the sleeves of a  
rich dressing-gown1 which the  head     
valet de chambre held ready for him4    
,then reclining again upon  his pillow1 
he thrust one foot out from the bed     
clothes4 ,the valet de  chambre         
reverently received the sacred          
extremity1 and drew over it a  silk     
stocking4 ,the other limb was similarly 
presented and dressed1  when slippers of
 embroidered velvet were placed upon the
 royal feet4  ,the king then devoutly   
crossing himself with holy water1 with  

great  dignity moved from his bed and   
seated himself in a large arm-chair1    
placed at the fire-side4 ,the king then 
announced that he was prepared  to      
receive the ,first ,entre4 ,none but the
 especial favorites of the  monarch were
 honored with an audience so            
confidential4 ,these privileged  persons
 were to enjoy the ecstatic happiness of
 witnessing the awful  ceremony of      
shaving the king4 ,one attendant        
prepared the water and held  the basin4 
,another religiously lathered the royal 
chin1 and removed the  sacred beard1 and
 with soft sponges1 saturated with wine 
and water1  washed the parts which had  
been operated upon and soothed them with
  silken towels4    ,and now the master 
of the robes approaches to dress the    
king4 ,at the  same moment the monarch  
announces that he is ready for his      
,grand  ,entre4 ,the principal          
attendants of royalty1 accompanied by   
several  valets de chambre and door     
keepers of the cabinet1 immediately took

  their stations at the entrance of the 
apartment4 ,princes often sighed  in    
vain for the honor of an admission to   
the ,grand ,entre4 ,the  greatest       
precautions were observed that no       
unprivileged person should  intrude4 ,as
 each individual presented himself at   
the door1 his name  was whispered to the
 first lord of the bed chamber1 who     
repeated it to  the king4 ,if the       
monarch made no reply the visitor was   
admitted4 ,the  duke in attendance      
marshaled the newcomers to their several
 places1  that they might not approach  
too near the presence of ,his ,majesty4 
,princes of the highest rank1 and       
statesmen of the most exalted station   
were subjected alike to these           
humiliating ceremonials4 ,the king1 the 
meanwhile1 regardless of his guests1 was
 occupied in being dressed4  ,a valet of
 the wardrobe delivered to a gentleman  
of the chamber  the garters1 which he in
 turn presented to the monarch4         
,inexorable  etiquette would allow the  

king to clasp his garters in the        
morning1  but not to unclasp them at    
night4 ,it was the exclusive privilege  
of  the head valet de chambre to unclasp
 that of the right leg1 while an        
attendant of inferior rank might remove 
the other4 ,one attendant put on  the   
shoes1 another fastened the diamond     
buckles4 ,two pages1 gorgeously  dressed
 in crimson velvet1 overlaid with gold  
and silver lace1 received  the slippers 
as they were taken from the king's feet4
    ,the breakfast followed4 ,two       
officers entered2 one with bread on an  
enameled salver1 the other with a folded
 napkin between two silver  plates4 ,at 
the same time the royal cup bearers     
presented to the first  lord a golden   
vase1 into which he poured a small      
quantity of wine and  water1 which was  
tasted by a second cup bearer to insure 
that there was  no poison in the        
beverage4 ,the vase was then rinsed1 and
 being again  filled1 was presented to  
the king upon a golden saucer4 ,the     

dauphin1 as  soon as the king had drank1
 giving his hat and gloves to the first 
lord  in waiting1 took the napkin and   
presented it to the monarch to wipe his 
lips4 ,the frugal repast was soon       
finished4 ,the king then laid aside  his
 dressing-gown1 while two attendants    
drew off his night shirt1 one  taking   
the left sleeve and the other the right4
 ,the monarch then drew  from his neck  
the casket of sacred relics1 with which 
he ever slept4  ,it was passed from the 
hands of one officer to that of another1
 and  then deposited in the king's      
closet1 where it was carefully guarded4 
,the royal shirt1 in the mean time1 had 
been thoroughly warmed at the  fire4 ,it
 was placed in the hands of the first   
lord1 he presented it  to the dauphin1  
and he1 laying aside his hat and gloves1
 approached  and presented it to the    
king4 ,each garment was thus            
ceremoniously  presented4 ,the royal    
sword1 the vest1 and the blue ribbon    
were brought  forward4 ,a nobleman of   

high rank was honored in the privilege  
of  putting on the vest1 another buckled
 on the sword1 another placed over  the 
shoulders of the monarch a scarf1 to    
which was attached the cross  of the    
,holy ,ghost in diamonds1 and the cross 
of ,st4 ,louis4 ,the grand  master of   
the robes presented to the king his     
cravat of rich lace1  while a favorite  
courtier folded it around his neck4 ,two
 handkerchiefs  of most costly          
embroidery and richly perfumed were then
 placed before  his majesty1 on an      
enameled saucer1 and his toilet was     
completed4    ,the king then returned to
 his bedside4 ,obsequious attendants    
spread  before him two soft cushions of 
crimson velvet4 ,in all the pride of    
ostentatious humility he kneeled upon   
these1 and repeated his prayers1  while 
the bishops and cardinals in his suit1  
with suppressed voice1  uttered         
responses4 ,but our readers will be     
weary of the recital of the  routine of 
the day4 ,from his chamber the king went

 to his cabinet1  where1 with a few     
privileged ones1 he decided upon the    
plans or  amusements of the day4 ,he    
then attended mass in the chapel4 ,at   
one  o'clock he dined alone1 in all the 
dignity of unapproachable majesty4  ,the
 ceremony at the dinner table was no    
less punctilious and ridiculous  than at
 the toilet4 ,after dinner he fed his   
dogs1 and amused himself in  playing    
with them4 ,he then1 in the presence of 
a number of courtiers1  changed his     
dress1 and leaving the palace by a      
private staircase1  proceeded to his    
carriage1 which awaited him in the      
marble court-yard4  ,returning from his 
drive1 he again changed his dress1 and  
visited the  apartments of ,madame      
,maintenon1 where he remained until #aj 
o'clock1  the hour of supper4 ,the      
supper was the great event of the day4  
,six  noblemen stationed themselves at  
each end of the table to wait upon  the 
king4 ,whenever he raised his cup1 the  
cup bearer exclaimed aloud  to all the  

company1 drink for the king4 ,after     
supper he held a short  ceremonial      
audience with members of the royal      
family1 and at midnight  went again to  
feed his dogs4 ,he then retired1        
surrounded by puerilities  of ceremony  
too tedious to be read4                 
,illustration3 ,,cascades ,,of          
,,versailles4    ,such was the character
 of one of the most majestic kings of   
the ,bourbon  race4 ,france wearied with
 them1 drove them from the throne1 and  
placed  ,napoleon there1 a man of       
energy1 of intellect1 and of action2    
toiling1  night and day1 to promote the 
prosperity of ,france in all its varied 
interests4 ,the monarchs of ,europe1    
with their united millions1 combined    
and chained the democratic king to the  
rock of ,st4 ,helena1 and replaced  the 
,bourbon4 ,but the end is not even yet4 
,in view of the wretched  life of ,louis
 ,,xiv41 ,madame ,maintenon exclaimed3  
,could you but form  an idea of what    
kingly life is6 ,those who occupy       

thrones are the most  unfortunate in the
 world4    ,on one occasion ,louis gave 
a grand entertainment in the magnificent
  banqueting-room of the palace4        
,seventy-five thousand dollars were     
expended in loading the tables with     
every luxury4 ,after the feast  the     
gaming tables were spread4 ,gold and    
silver ornaments1 jewels and  precious  
stones1 glittered on every side4 ,for   
these treasures thus  profusely spread1 
the courtiers of both sexes gambled     
without incurring  any risk4    ,as the 
visitor leaves the palace for the       
gardens and the park1 he  enters a      
labyrinth of enchantment1 to which there
 is apparently no  end4 ,groves1 lawns1 
parterres of flowers1 fountains1 basins1
 cascades1  lakes1 shrubbery1 forests1  
avenues1 and serpentine paths bewilder  
him  with their profusion and their     
opulence of beauty4 ,it is in vain to   
begin to describe these works4 ,there is
 the ,terrace of the ,chateau1 the      
,parterre of ,water with its miniature  

lakes and twenty-four magnificent       
groups of statuary4 ,now you approach   
the ,parterre of the ,south1            
embellished with colossal vases in      
bronze2 again you saunter through  the  
,parterre of the ,north1 with antique   
statues in marble1 with its  group of   
,tritons and ,sirens1 with its basins   
and its gorgeous flower  beds4 ,your    
steps are invited to the ,baths of      
,diana1 to the ,grove of the  ,arch of  
,triumph1 to the ,grove of the ,three   
,crowns1 to the ,basin of the  ,dragon1 
and to the magnificent ,basin of        
,neptune1 with its wilderness of        
sculpture and its fantastic jets from   
which a deluge of water may be  thrown4 
,the ,basin of ,latona presents a group 
consisting of ,latona1 with  ,apollo and
 ,diana4 ,the goddess has implored the  
vengeance of ,jupiter  against the      
peasants of ,libya1 who had refused her 
water4 ,jupiter has  transformed the    
peasants1 some half and others entirely1
 into frogs  or tortoises1 and they are 

surrounding ,latona and throwing water  
upon  her in liquid arches of beautiful 
effect4 ,the ,fountain of ,fame and the 
,fountain of the ,star are neatly       
represented in the accompanying cuts4   
,illustration3 ,,fountain ,,of ,,fame4  
,illustration3 ,,fountain ,,of ,,the    
,,star4    ,the ,parterre of the ,north1
 which is represented in the            
illustration1  on page #hjh1 extends in 
front of the northern wing of the       
palace1 the  apartments on the second   
floor of which are occupied by the king4
 ,this  parterre is approached by       
descending a flight of steps constructed
 of  white marble4 ,fourteen magnificent
 bronze vases crown the terraced  wall  
which separate these walks of regal     
luxury from the ,parterre  d',eau1 which
 is spread out in front of the palace4  
,statues and vases of  exquisite        
workmanship crowd the grounds2 most of  
the statues tending  to inflame a       
voluptuous taste4 ,the beautiful flower 
beds1 filled with  such a variety of    

plants and shrubs1 as always to present 
an aspect  of gorgeous bloom1 are       
ornamented with two smaller fountains1  
called  the ,basins of the ,crown1 and  
one large fountain1 called the ,fountain
  of the ,pyramid4 ,the two smaller     
basins or fountains are so named from   
the chiseled groups of ,tritons and     
,sirens supporting crowns of laurel1    
from the midst of which issue1 in       
graceful curves1 columns of water4  ,the
 ,pyramid consists of several round     
basins rising one above another  in a   
pyramidal form1 supported by statues of 
lead4 ,the water issues  from many jets 
and flows beautifully over the rims of  
the basins4 ,just  below the ,fountain  
of the ,pyramid are the ,baths of       
,diana1 which are not  represented in   
this illustration4 ,this basin is       
embellished with finely  executed       
statuary1 representing ,diana and her   
nymphs1 in voluptuous  attitudes1       
enjoying the luxury of the bath4        
,illustration3 ,,fountain ,,of ,,the    

,,pyramid4    ,directly in front of the 
palace is the ,terrace of the ,chateaux1
  embellished with walks1 shrubbery1    
flowers1 basins1 fountains1 and         
colossal statues in bronze4 ,connected  
with this is the ,parterre of  ,water1  
with two splendid fountains1 ever       
replenishing two large oblong  basins   
filled with golden fishes4 ,groups of   
statuary enrich the  landscape4 ,from   
the centre of each of the basins rise   
jets of water4  ,these grounds lie      
spread out before the magnificent       
banqueting hall  of the palace4 ,it is  
difficult to imagine a scene more       
beautiful than  is thus presented to the
 eye4 ,let the reader recur to the plan 
of  ,versailles1 and contemplate the    
vast expanse of lawn1 forest1 garden1   
grove1 fountain1 lake1 walks1 and       
avenues which are spread before him     
over a space of thirty-two thousand     
acres4 ,from the ,parterre of ,water a  
flight of massive white steps conducts  
to the ,fountain of ,latona4            

,illustration3 ,,parterre ,,of          
,,versailles4    ,at the extremity of   
the park is a beautiful palace called   
the ,grand  ,trianon4 ,it was built by  
,louis ,,xiv4 for ,madame ,maintenon4   
,this edifice1  spacious and            
aristocratic as it is in all its        
appliances1 possesses the  charm of     
beauty rather than that of grandeur4 ,it
 seems constructed for  an attractive   
home of opulence and taste4 ,it was a   
favorite retreat of  the ,bourbons1 from
 the pomp and ceremony of ,versailles4  
,this was also  one of the favorite     
resorts of ,napoleon when he sought a   
few hours of  repose from the cares of  
empire4 ,that he might reach it without 
loss of  time1 he constructed a direct  
road from thence to ,st4 ,cloud4    ,the
 ,little ,trianon1 however1 with its    
surroundings1 constitutes to  many minds
 the most attractive spot in this region
 of attractions4 ,it  is a beautiful    
house1 about eighty feet square1 erected
 by ,louis ,,xv4  for the hapless       

,madame du ,barri4 ,it is constructed in
 the style of a  ,roman pavilion1 and   
surrounded with gardens ornamented in   
the highest  attainments of ,french and 
,english art4 ,temples1 cottages1       
groves1  lawns1 crags1 fountains1 lakes1
 cascades1 embellish the grounds and    
present a scene of peaceful beauty which
 the garden of ,eden could  hardly have 
surpassed4 ,this was the favorite abode 
of ,maria ,antoinette4  ,she called it  
her home4 ,in the quietude of this      
miniature palace1 she  loved to         
disembarrass herself of the restraints  
of regal life2 and in  the society of   
congenial friends1 and in the privacy of
 her own rural  walks to forget that she
 was an envied1 hated queen4 ,but even  
here the  monotony of life wearied her1 
and deeply regretting that she had not  
formed in early youth intellectual      
tastes1 she once sadly exclaimed  to her
 companions1 ,what a resource1 amidst   
the casualties of life1  is to be found 
in a well cultivated mind4 ,one can then

 be one's  own companion1 and find      
society in one's own thoughts4 ,there is
 a  beautiful sheet of water in the     
centre of the romantic1 deeply wooded   
grounds of the ,little ,trianon1 upon   
the green shores of which ,maria1  for  
pastime1 erected a beautiful ,swiss     
village1 with its picturesque  inn1 its 
farm house and cow sheds1 and its mill4 
,illustration3 ,,the ,,grand ,,trianon4 
,here the regal votaries of pleasure1   
satiated with the gayeties of  ,paris1  
weary of the splendors and the etiquette
 of the ,tuileries and  ,versailles1    
endeavored to step from the palace to   
the cottage1 and in  the humble         
employments of the humblest life1 to    
alleviate the monotony  of an existence 
devoted only to pleasure4 ,they played  
that they  were peasants1 put on the    
garb of peasants1 and engaged heartily  
in  the employments of peasants4 ,king  
,louis was the inn-keeper1 and ,maria   
,antoinette1 with her sleeves tucked up 
and her apron bound around her1  the    

inn-keeper's pretty and energetic wife4 
,she courtesied humbly to  the guests1  
whom her husband received at the door1  
spread the table1  for them1 and placed 
before them the fresh butter which1 in  
the dairy1  she had churned with her own
 hands4 ,a noble duke kept the shop and 
sold  the groceries4 ,a graceful1       
high-born duchess was ,betty1 the maid  
of the  inn4 ,a marquis1 who proudly    
traced his lineage through many         
centuries1  was the miller1 grinding the
 wheat for the evening meal4    ,the sun
 was just sinking beneath the horizon1  
on a calm1 warm1  beautiful afternoon1  
when we sauntered through this          
picturesque1  lovely1 silent1 deserted  
village4 ,it was all in perfect repair6 
,the  green lawn was of velvet softness4
 ,the trees and shrubbery were in  full 
leaf4 ,innumerable birds filled the air 
with their warblings1 and  the chirp of 
the insect1 the rustling of the leaves1 
the sighing of  the wind1 the ripple of 
the streamlet1 and the silence of all   

human  voices1 so deep1 so solemn1 left 
an impress upon the mind never to be    
forgotten4 ,how terrible the fate of    
those who once made these scenes        
resound with the voice of gayety4 ,some 
were burned in their chateaux1  or      
massacred in the streets4 ,some died    
miserably on pallets of straw  in       
dungeons dark1 and wet1 and cold4 ,some 
were dragged by a deriding  mob to the  
guillotine to bleed beneath its keen    
knife4 ,and some1 in  beggary and       
wretchedness1 wandered through weary    
years1 in foreign  lands1 envying the   
fate of those who had found a more      
speedy death4  ,the palace of           
,versailles6 ,it is a monument of       
oppression and pride4 ,it  will be well 
for the rulers of ,europe to heed its   
monitory voice4 ,the  thoughtful        
,american will return from the          
inspection of its grandeur1  admiring1  
more profoundly than ever before1 the   
beautiful simplicity  of his own land4  
,he will more highly prize those noble  

institutions  of freedom and of popular 
rights which open before every citizen  
an  unobstructed avenue to wealth and   
power1 encouraging every man to         
industry1 and securing to every man the 
possession of what he earns4  ,the glory
 of ,america consists not in the pride  
of palaces and the pomp  of armies1 but 
in the tasteful homes of a virtuous1    
intelligent1 and  happy people4         
,,napoleon ,,bonaparte4    ,,by ,,john  
,s4 ,c4 ,,abbott    ,,the ,,camp ,,at   
,,boulogne1 ,,and ,,the ,,bourbon       
,,conspiracy4      ,impartial ,history1 
without a dissenting voice1 must award  
the  responsibility of the rupture of   
the peace of ,amiens to the government  
of ,great ,britain4 ,napoleon had       
nothing to hope for from war1 and  every
 thing to fear4 ,the only way in which  
he could even approach his  formidable  
enemy1 was by crossing the sea1 and     
invading ,england4 ,he  acknowledged1   
and the world knew1 that such an        
enterprise was an act  of perfect       

desperation1 for ,england was the       
undisputed mistress of the  seas1 and no
 naval power could stand before her     
ships4 ,the voice of  poetry was the    
voice of truth--        ,britannia needs
 no bulwarks1 to frown along the steep1 
,her march is on the mountain-wave2 her 
home is on the deep4    ,england1 with  
her invincible navy1 could assail       
,france in every  quarter4 ,she could   
sweep the merchant ships of the infant  
,republic  from the ocean1 and          
appropriate to herself the commerce of  
all climes4  ,thus war proffered to     
,england security and wealth4 ,it       
promised the  commercial ruin of a      
dreaded rival1 whose rapid strides      
toward opulence  and power had excited  
the most intense alarm4 ,the temptation 
thus  presented to the ,british cabinet 
to renew the war was powerful in the    
extreme4 ,it required more virtue than  
ordinarily falls to the lot of          
cabinets1 to resist4 ,unhappily for     
suffering humanity1 ,england yielded  to

 the temptation4 ,she refused to fulfil 
the stipulations of a treaty  solemnly  
ratified1 retained possession of ,malta1
 in violation of her  plighted faith1   
and renewed the assault upon ,france4   
,in a communication which ,napoleon made
 to the legislative bodies just  before 
the rupture1 he said3 ,two parties      
contend in ,england for the  possession 
of power4 ,one has concluded a peace4   
,the other cherishes  implacable hatred 
against ,france4 ,hence arises this     
fluctuation in  councils and in         
measures1 and this attitude1 at one time
 pacific and  again menacing4 ,while    
this strife continues1 there are        
measures which  prudence demands of the 
government of the ,republic4 ,five      
hundred  thousand men ought to be1 and  
will be1 ready to defend our country1   
and  to avenge insult4 ,strange         
necessity1 which wicked passions impose 
upon  two nations1 who should be1 by the
 same interests and the same desires1   
devoted to peace4 ,but let us hope for  

the best2 and believe that we  shall yet
 hear from the cabinet of ,england the  
councils of wisdom and  the voice of    
humanity4 ,says ,alison1 the most       
eloquent1 able1 and  impartial of those 
,english historians who1 with patriotic 
zeal1 have  advocated the cause of their
 own country1 ,upon coolly reviewing the
  circumstances under which the conflict
 was renewed1 it is impossible  to deny 
that the ,british government manifested 
a feverish anxiety to  come to a        
rupture1 and that1 so far as the        
transactions between the two  countries 
are concerned1 they were the aggressors4
    ,illustration3 ,,scene ,,in ,,the   
,,louvre4    ,when ,mr4 ,fox was in     
,paris1 he was one day1 with ,napoleon  
and several  other gentlemen1 in the    
gallery of the ,louvre1 looking at a    
magnificent  globe1 of unusual          
magnitude1 which had been deposited in  
the museum4  ,some one remarked upon the
 very small space which the island of   
,great  ,britain seemed to occupy4 ,yes1

 said ,mr4 ,fox1 as he approached the   
globe1 and attempted to encircle it in  
his extended arms1 ,england is  a small 
island1 but with her power she girdles  
the world4 ,this was  not an empty      
boast4 ,her possessions were every      
where4 ,in ,spain1 in the               
,mediterranean1 in the ,east ,indies and
 ,west ,indies1 in ,asia1 ,africa1  and 
,america1 and over innumerable islands  
of the ocean1 she extended  her sceptre4
 ,rome1 in her proudest day of grandeur1
 never swayed such  power4 ,to          
,napoleon1 consequently1 it seemed but  
mere trifling for this  ,england to     
complain that the infant republic of    
,france1 struggling  against the hostile
 monarchies of ,europe1 was endangering 
the world by  her ambition1 because she 
had obtained an influence in ,piedmont1 
in  the ,cisalpine ,republic1 in the    
feeble ,duchy of ,parma1 and had        
obtained  the island of ,elba for a     
colony4 ,to the arguments and           
remonstrances  of ,napoleon1 ,england   

could make no reply but by the          
broadsides of her  ships4 ,you are      
seated1 said ,england1 upon the throne  
of the exiled  ,bourbons4 ,and your     
king1 ,napoleon replies1 is on the      
throne of the  exiled ,stuarts4 ,but the
 ,first ,consul of ,france is also      
,president of  the ,cisalpine ,republic1
 ,england rejoins4 ,and the ,king of    
,england1  ,napoleon adds1 is also      
,elector of ,hanover4 ,your troops are  
in  ,switzerland1 ,england continues4   
,and yours1 ,napoleon replies1 are in   
,spain1 having fortified themselves upon
 the rock of ,gibraltar4 ,you  are      
ambitious1 and are trying to establish  
foreign colonies1 ,england  rejoins4    
,but you1 ,napoleon replies1 have ten   
colonies where we have  one4 ,we        
believe1 ,england says1 that you desire 
to appropriate  to yourself ,egypt4 ,you
 have1 ,napoleon retorts1 appropriated  
to yourself ,india4 ,indignantly        
,england exclaims1 ,nelson1 bring on    
the fleet6 ,wellington1 head the army6  

,this man must be put down4 ,his        
ambition endangers the liberties of the 
world4 ,historians of ,england6  inform 
the nations that the usurper ,bonaparte1
 by his arrogance and  aggression1 is   
deluging the ,continent with blood4     
,immediately upon the withdrawal of the 
,british embassador from ,paris1  and   
even before the departure of the ,french
 minister from ,london1  ,england1      
without any public declaration of       
hostilities1 commenced her  assaults    
upon ,france4 ,the merchant ships of the
 ,republic1 unsuspicious  of danger1    
freighted with treasure1 were seized1   
even in the harbors  of ,england1 and   
wherever they could be found1 by the    
vigilant and  almost omnipresent navy of
 the ,queen of the ,seas4 ,two ,french  
ships  of war were attacked and         
captured4 ,these disastrous tidings were
 the  first intimation that ,napoleon   
received that the war was renewed4 ,the 
indignation of the ,first ,consul was   
thoroughly aroused4 ,the retaliating    

blow he struck1 though merited1 yet     
terrible1 was characteristic of  the    
man4 ,at midnight he summoned to his    
presence the minister of  police1 and   
ordered the immediate arrest of every   
,englishman in ,france1  between the    
ages of eighteen and fifty4 ,these were 
all to be detained  as hostages for the 
prisoners ,england had captured upon the
 seas4 ,the  tidings of this decree     
rolled a billow of woe over the peaceful
 homes  of ,england2 for there were     
thousands of travelers upon the         
continent1  unapprehensive of danger1   
supposing that war would be declared    
before  hostilities would be resumed4   
,these were the first-fruits of that    
terrific conflict into which the world  
again was plunged4 ,no tongue  can tell 
the anguish thus caused in thousands of 
homes4 ,most of the  travelers were     
gentlemen of culture and                
refinement--husbands1 fathers1  sons1   
brothers--who were visiting the         
continent for pleasure4 ,during  twelve 

weary years these hapless men lingered  
in exile4 ,many died and  moldered to   
the dust in ,france4 ,children grew to  
manhood strangers to  their imprisoned  
fathers1 knowing not even whether they  
were living  or dead4 ,wives and        
daughters1 in desolated homes1 through  
lingering  years of suspense and agony1 
sank in despair into the grave4 ,the    
hulks  of ,england were also filled with
 the husbands and fathers of ,france1   
and beggary and starvation reigned in a 
thousand cottages1 clustered  in the    
valleys and along the shores of the     
republic1 where peace and  contentment  
might have dwelt1 but for this horrible 
and iniquitous  strife4 ,as in all such 
cases1 the woes fell mainly upon the    
innocent1  upon those homes where       
matrons and maidens wept away years of  
agony4  ,the imagination is appalled in 
contemplating this melancholy addition  
to the ordinary miseries of war4        
,william ,pitt1 whose genius inspired   
this strife1 was a man of gigantic      

intellect1 of gigantic energy4 ,but  he 
was an entire stranger to all those     
kindly sensibilities which add  lustre  
to human nature4 ,he was neither a      
father nor a husband1 and no  emotions  
of gentleness1 of tenderness1 of        
affection1 ever ruffled the  calm1 cold1
 icy surface of his soul4    ,the order 
to seize all the ,english in ,france1   
was thus announced in the  ,moniteur3   
,the government of the ,republic1 having
 heard read1 by the  ,minister of       
,marine and ,colonies1 a dispatch from  
the maritime prefect  at ,brest1        
announcing that two ,english frigates   
had taken two merchant  vessels in the  
bay of ,audrieu1 without any previous   
declaration of war1  and in manifest    
violation of the law of nations3    ,all
 the ,english1 from the ages of #ah to  
#fj1 or holding any commission  from his
 ,britannic ,majesty1 who are at present
 in ,france1 shall  immediately be      
constituted prisoners of war1 to answer 
for those  citizens of the ,republic who

 may have been arrested and made        
prisoners  by the vessels or subjects of
 his ,britannic ,majesty previous to any
  declaration of hostilities4           
7,signed7   ,,bonaparte4    ,napoleon   
treated the captives whom he had taken  
with great humanity1  holding as        
prisoners of war only those who were in 
the military  service1 while the rest   
were detained in fortified places on    
their parole1 with much personal        
liberty4 ,the ,english held the  ,french
 prisoners in floating hulks1 crowded   
together in a state  of inconceivable   
suffering4 ,napoleon at times felt that1
 for the  protection of the ,french     
captives in ,england1 he ought to       
retaliate1 by  visiting similar         
inflictions upon the ,english prisoners 
in ,france4 ,it  was not an easy        
question for a humane man to settle4    
,but instinctive  kindness prevailed1   
and ,napoleon spared the unhappy victims
 who were  in his power4 ,the cabinet of
 ,st4 ,james's remonstrated             

energetically  against ,napoleon's      
capture of peaceful travelers upon the  
land4  ,napoleon replied1 ,you have     
seized unsuspecting voyagers upon the   
sea4  ,england rejoined1 ,it is         
customary to capture every thing we can 
find1  upon the ocean1 belonging to an  
enemy1 and therefore it is right4       
,napoleon answered1 ,i will make it     
customary to do the same thing upon  the
 land1 and then that also will be right4
 ,there the argument ended4  ,but the   
poor captives were still pining away in 
the hulks of ,england1  or wandering in 
sorrow around the fortresses of ,france4
 ,napoleon  proposed to exchange the    
travelers he had taken upon the land for
 the  voyagers the ,english had taken   
upon the sea2 but the cabinet of ,st4   
,james1 asserting that such an exchange 
would sanction the validity of  their   
capture1 refused the humane proposal1   
and heartlessly left the  captives of   
the two nations to their terrible fate4 
,napoleon assured  the detained of his  

sympathy1 but informed them that their  
destiny was  entirely in the hands of   
their own government1 and to that alone 
they  must appeal4    ,such is war1 even
 when conducted by two nations as       
enlightened  and humane as ,england and 
,france4 ,such is that horrible system  
of  retaliation which war necessarily   
engenders4 ,this system of reprisals1   
visiting upon the innocent the crimes of
 the guilty1 is the fruit  which ever   
ripens when war buds and blossoms4      
,napoleon had received  a terrific blow4
 ,with instinctive and stupendous power 
he returned  it4 ,both nations were now 
exasperated to the highest degree4 ,the 
most extraordinary vigor was infused    
into the deadly strife4 ,the  power and 
the genius of ,france were concentrated 
in the ruler whom  the almost unanimous 
voice of ,france had elevated to the    
supreme  power4 ,consequently1 the war  
assumed the aspect of an assault upon an
  individual man4 ,france was quite     
unprepared for this sudden resumption   

of hostilities4 ,napoleon had needed all
 the resources of the state for  his    
great works of internal improvement4    
,large numbers of troops had  been      
disbanded1 and the army was on a peace  
establishment4    ,illustration3        
,,arrest ,,of ,,cadoudal4    ,all       
,france was however roused by the       
sleepless energy of ,napoleon4  ,the    
,electorate of ,hanover was one of the  
,european possessions of the  ,king of  
,england4 ,ten days had not elapsed1    
after the first broadside  from the     
,british ships had been heard1 ere a    
,french army of twenty  thousand men    
invaded ,hanover1 captured its army of  
#af1jjj troops1  with #djj pieces of    
cannon1 #cj1jjj muskets1 and #cejj      
superb horses1  and took entire         
possession of the province4 ,the ,king  
of ,england was  deeply agitated when he
 received the tidings of this sudden    
loss of his  patrimonial dominions4     
,the ,first ,consul immediately sent new
 offers of peace to ,england1  stating  

that in the conquest of ,hanover1 he had
 only in view to obtain  pledges for the
 evacuation of ,malta1 and to secure the
 execution of  the treaty of ,amiens4   
,the ,british minister coldly replied   
that his  sovereign would appeal for aid
 to the ,german empire4 ,if a general   
peace is ever concluded1 said ,napoleon 
often1 then only shall ,i  be able to   
show myself such as ,i am1 and become   
the moderator of  ,europe4 ,france is   
enabled1 by her high civilization1 and  
the absence  of all aristocracy1 to     
moderate the extreme demands of the two 
principles which divide the world1 by   
placing herself between them2  thus     
preventing a general conflagration1 of  
which none of us can see  the end1 or   
guess the issue4 ,for this ,i want ten  
years of peace1  and the ,english       
oligarchy will not allow it4 ,napoleon  
was forced  into war by the ,english4   
,the allied monarchs of ,europe were    
roused  to combine against him4 ,this   
compelled ,france to become a camp1 and 

forced ,napoleon to assume the          
dictatorship4 ,the width of the         
,atlantic  ocean alone has saved the    
,united ,states from the assaults of a  
similar  combination4    ,it had ever   
been one of ,napoleon's favorite        
projects to multiply  colonies1 that he 
might promote the maritime prosperity of
 ,france4  ,with this object in view1 he
 had purchased ,louisiana of ,spain4 ,it
  was his intention to cherish1 with the
 utmost care1 upon the fertile  banks of
 the ,mississippi1 a ,french colony4    
,this territory1 so valuable  to        
,france1 was now at the mercy of        
,england1 and would be immediately      
captured4 ,without loss of time1        
,napoleon sold it to the ,united        
,states4  ,it was a severe sacrifice for
 him to make1 but cruel necessity       
demanded  it4    ,the ,french were every
 where exposed to the ravages of the    
,british navy4  ,blow after blow fell   
upon ,france with fearful vigor1 as her 
cities  were bombarded1 her colonies    

captured1 and her commerce annihilated4 
,the superiority of the ,english1 upon  
the sea1 was so decisive1 that  wherever
 the ,british flag appeared victory was 
almost invariably her  own4 ,but        
,england was inapproachable4 ,guarded by
 her navy1 she reposed  in her beautiful
 island in peace1 while she rained down 
destruction  upon her foes in all       
quarters of the globe4 ,it is an awful  
temerity1  my lord1 said ,napoleon to   
the ,british embassador1 to attempt the 
invasion of ,england4 ,but desperate as 
,napoleon acknowledged the  undertaking 
to be1 there was nothing else which he  
could even attempt4  ,and he embarked in
 this enterprise with energy so         
extraordinary1 with  foresight so       
penetrating1 with sagacity so           
conspicuous1 that the world  looked upon
 his majestic movements with amazement1 
and all ,england was  aroused to a sense
 of fearful peril4 ,the most gigantic   
preparations  were immediately made upon
 the shores of the channel for the      

invasion  of ,england4 ,an army of three
 hundred thousand men1 as by magic1     
sprung into being4 ,all ,france was     
aroused to activity4 ,two thousand      
gun-boats were speedily built and       
collected at ,boulogne1 to convey       
across the narrow strait a hundred and  
fifty thousand troops1 ten  thousand    
horses1 and four thousand pieces of     
cannon4 ,all the foundries  of ,france  
were in full blast1 constructing        
mortars1 howitzers1 and  artillery1 of  
the largest calibre4 ,every province of 
the republic was  aroused and inspirited
 by the almost superhuman energies of   
the mind  of the ,first ,consul4 ,he    
attended to the minutest particulars of 
all  the arrangements4 ,while believing 
that destiny controls all things1  he   
seemed to leave nothing for destiny to  
control4 ,every possible  contingency   
was foreseen1 and guarded against4 ,the 
national enthusiasm  was so great1 the  
conviction was so unanimous that there  
remained for  ,france no alternative    

but1 by force1 to repel aggression1 that
 ,napoleon  proudly formed a legion of  
the ,vendean royalists1 all composed1   
both  officers and soldiers1 of those   
who1 but a few months before1 had  been 
fighting against the republic4 ,it was a
 sublime assertion of his  confidence in
 the attachment of ,united ,france4 ,to 
meet the enormous  expenses which this  
new war involved1 it was necessary to   
impose a  heavy tax upon the people4    
,this was not only borne cheerfully1    
but1  from all parts of the republic1   
rich presents flowed into the treasury1 
tokens of the affection of ,france for  
the ,first ,consul1 and of the  deep    
conviction of the community of the      
righteousness of the cause in  which    
they were engaged4 ,one of the          
departments of the state built and      
equipped a frigate1 and sent it to      
,boulogne as a free-gift4 ,the impulse  
was electric4 ,all over ,france the     
whole people rose1 and vied with each   
other in their offerings of good-will4  

,small towns gave flat-bottomed  boats1 
larger towns1 frigates1 and the more    
important cities1  ships-of-the-line4   
,paris gave a ship of #abj guns1 ,lyons 
one of #ajj1  ,bordeaux an #hd1 and     
,marseilles a #gd4 ,even the ,italian   
,republic1 as a  token of its gratitude1
 sent one million of dollars to build   
two ships3  one to be called the        
,president1 and the other the ,italian  
,republic4  ,all the mercantile houses  
and public bodies made liberal presents4
 ,the  ,senate gave for its donation a  
ship of #abj guns4 ,these free-gifts    
amounted to over ten millions of        
dollars4 ,napoleon established himself  
at ,boulogne1 where he spent much of his
 time1 carefully studying  the features 
of the coast1 the varying phenomena of  
the sea1 and  organizing1 in all its    
parts1 the desperate enterprise he      
contemplated4  ,the most rigid economy1 
by ,napoleon's sleepless vigilance1 was 
infused  into every contract1 and the   
strictest order pervaded the national   

finances4 ,it was impossible that strife
 so deadly should rage between  ,england
 and ,france1 and not involve the rest  
of the continent4 ,under  these         
circumstances ,alexander of ,russia1    
entered a remonstrance against  again   
enkindling the horrid flames of war     
throughout ,europe1 and  offered his    
mediation4 ,napoleon promptly replied3  
,i am ready to refer  the question to   
the arbitration of the ,emperor         
,alexander1 and will  pledge myself by a
 bond1 to submit to the award1 whatever 
it may be4  ,england declined the       
pacific offer4 ,the ,cabinet of ,russia 
then made  some proposals for the       
termination of hostilities4 ,napoleon   
replied3 ,i  am still ready to accept   
the personal arbitration of the ,czar   
himself2  for that monarch's regard to  
his reputation will render him just4    
,but  ,i am not willing to submit to a  
negotiation conducted by the ,russian   
,cabinet1 in a manner not at all        
friendly to ,france4 ,he concluded with 

the following characteristic words3 ,the
 ,first ,consul has done every  thing to
 preserve peace4 ,his efforts have been 
vain4 ,he could not  refrain from seeing
 that war was the decree of destiny4 ,he
 will make  war2 and he will not flinch 
before a proud nation1 capable for      
twenty  years of making all the powers  
of the earth bow before it4    ,napoleon
 now resolved to visit ,belgium and the 
departments of the  ,rhine4 ,josephine  
accompanied him4 ,he was hailed with    
transport wherever  he appeared1 and    
royal honors were showered upon him4    
,every where his  presence drew forth   
manifestations of attachment to his     
person1 hatred  for the ,english1 and   
zeal to combat the determined foes of   
,france4 ,but  wherever ,napoleon went1 
his scrutinizing attention was directed 
to the  dock-yards1 the magazines1 the  
supplies1 and the various resources and 
capabilities of the country4 ,every hour
 was an hour of toil--for toil  seemed  
to be his only pleasure4 ,from this     

brief tour ,napoleon returned  to       
,boulogne4    ,the ,straits of ,calais1 
which ,napoleon contemplated crossing1  
notwithstanding the immense             
preponderance of the ,british navy      
filling the channel1 is about thirty    
miles in width4 ,there were four        
contingencies which seemed to render the
 project not impossible4 ,in  summer1   
there are frequent calms1 in the        
channel1 of forty-eight  hours'         
duration4 ,during this calm1 the        
,english ships-of-the-line  would be    
compelled to lie motionless4 ,the       
flat-bottomed boats of  ,napoleon1      
impelled by strong rowers might then    
pass even in sight of  the enemy's      
squadron4 ,in the winter1 there were    
frequently dense fogs1  unaccompanied by
 any wind4 ,favored by the obscurity and
 the calm1 a  passage might then be     
practicable4 ,there was still a third   
chance  more favorable than either4     
,there were not unfrequently tempests1  
so  violent1 that the ,english squadron 

would be compelled to leave the         
channel1 and stand out to sea4 ,seizing 
the moment when the tempest  subsided1  
the ,french flotilla might perhaps cross
 the ,straits before  the squadron could
 return4 ,a fourth chance offered4 ,it  
was1 by skillful  combinations to       
concentrate suddenly in the channel a   
strong ,french  squadron1 and to push   
the flotilla across under the protection
 of its  guns4 ,for three years1        
,napoleon consecrated his untiring      
energies to  the perfection of all the  
mechanism of this ,herculean enterprise4
 ,yet  no one was more fully alive than 
himself to the tremendous hazards to  be
 encountered4 ,it is impossible now to  
tell what would have been the  result of
 a conflict between the ,english        
squadron and those innumerable          
gun-boats1 manned by one hundred and    
fifty thousand men1 surrounding  in     
swarms every ship-of-the-line1 piercing 
them in every direction  with their     
guns1 and sweeping their decks with a   

perfect hail-storm  of bullets1 while1  
in their turn1 they were run down by the
 large  ships1 dashing1 in full sail1   
through their midst1 sinking some in    
their crushing onset1 and blowing others
 out of the water with their  tremendous
 broadsides4 ,said ,admiral ,decris1 a  
man disposed to magnify  difficulties1  
by sacrificing #ajj gun-boats1 and      
#aj1jjj men1 it is not  improbable that 
we may repel the assault of the enemy's 
squadron1 and  cross the ,straits4 ,one 
loses1 said ,napoleon1 that number in   
battle  every day4 ,and what battle ever
 promised the results which a landing in
  ,england authorizes us to hope for6   
,illustration3 ,,arrest ,,of ,,the      
,,duke ,d',,enghien4    ,the amount of  
business now resting upon the mind of   
,napoleon1 seems  incredible4 ,he was   
personally attending to all the         
complicated  diplomacy of ,europe4      
,spain was professing friendship and    
alliance1 and  yet treacherously engaged
 in acts of hostility4 ,charles ,,iii41 

perhaps  the most contemptible monarch  
who ever wore a crown1 was then upon the
  throne of ,spain4 ,his wife was a     
shameless libertine4 ,her paramour1     
,godoy1 called the ,prince of ,peace1 a 
weak-minded1 conceited1 worn-out        
debauchee1 governed the degraded empire4
 ,napoleon remonstrated against  the    
perfidy of ,spain1 and the wrongs       
,france was receiving at her hands4     
,the miserable ,godoy returned an       
answer1 mean-spirited1 hypocritical1    
and sycophantic4 ,napoleon sternly shook
 his head1 and ominously  exclaimed1    
,all this will yet end in a clap of     
thunder4    ,in the midst of these      
scenes1 ,napoleon was continually       
displaying  those generous and          
magnanimous traits of character which   
were the  enthusiastic love of all who  
knew him4 ,on one occasion1 a young     
,english  sailor had escaped from       
imprisonment in the interior of ,france1
 and  had succeeded in reaching the     
coast near ,boulogne4 ,secretly he had  

constructed a little skiff of the       
branches and the bark of trees1 as      
fragile as the ark of bullrushes4 ,upon 
this frail float1 which would  scarcely 
buoy up his body1 he was about to       
venture out upon the stormy  channel1   
with the chance of being picked up by   
some ,english cruiser4  ,napoleon1      
informed of the desperate project of the
 young man who was  arrested in the     
attempt1 was struck with admiration in  
view of the  fearless enterprise1 and   
ordered the prisoner to be brought      
before him4    ,did you really intend1  
inquired ,napoleon1 to brave the terrors
 of  the ocean in so frail a skiff8     
,if you will but grant me permission1   
said the young man1 ,i will  embark     
immediately4    ,you must1 doubtless1   
then1 have some mistress to revisit1    
since you  are so desirous to return to 
your country8    ,i wish1 replied the   
noble sailor1 to see my mother4 ,she is 
aged1  poor1 and infirm4    ,the heart  
of ,napoleon was touched4 ,you shall see

 her1 he  energetically replied2 and    
present to her from me this purse of    
gold4  ,she must be no common mother1   
who can have trained up so affectionate 
and dutiful a son4    ,he immediately   
gave orders that the young sailor should
 be furnished  with every comfort1 and  
sent in a cruiser1 with a flag of truce1
 to the  first ,british vessel which    
could be found4 ,when one thinks of the 
moral  sublimity of the meeting of the  
,english and ,french ships under these  
circumstances1 with the white flag of   
humanity and peace fluttering in  the   
breeze1 one can not but mourn with more 
intensity over the horrid  barbarity and
 brutality of savage war4 ,perhaps in   
the next interview  between these two   
ships1 they fought for hours1 hurling   
bullets and  balls through the quivering
 nerves and lacerated sinews1 and       
mangled  frames of brothers1 husbands1  
and fathers4    ,napoleon's labors at   
this time in the cabinet were so        
enormous1  dictating to his agents in   

all parts of ,france1 and to his        
embassadors1  all over ,europe1 that he 
kept three secretaries constantly       
employed4  ,one of these young men1 who 
was lodged and boarded in the palace1   
received a salary of #abjj dollars a    
year4 ,unfortunately1 however1  he had  
become deeply involved in debt1 and was 
incessantly harassed  by the            
importunities of his creditors4 ,knowing
 ,napoleon's strong  disapprobation of  
all irregularities1 he feared utter ruin
 should the  knowledge of the facts     
reach his ears4 ,one morning1 after     
having passed  a sleepless night1 he    
rose at the early hour of five1 and     
sought refuge  from his distraction in  
commencing work in the cabinet4 ,but    
,napoleon1  who had already been at work
 for some time1 in passing the door of  
the  cabinet to go to his bath1 heard   
the young man humming a tune4           
,opening the door1 he looked in upon his
 young secretary1 and said1 with  a     
smile of satisfaction1 ,what6 so early  

at your desk6 ,why1 this is  very       
exemplary4 ,we ought to be well         
satisfied with such service4 ,what      
salary have you8    ,twelve hundred     
dollars1 sire1 was the reply4           
,indeed1 said ,napoleon1 that for one of
 your age is very handsome4  ,and1 in   
addition1 ,i think you have your board  
and lodging8    ,i have1 sire8    ,well1
 ,i do not wonder that you sing4 ,you   
must be a very happy man4    ,alas1     
sire1 he replied1 ,i ought to be1 but ,i
 am not4    ,and why not8    ,because1  
sire1 he replied1 ,i have too many      
,english tormenting me4  ,i have also an
 aged father1 who is almost blind1 and a
 sister who is  not yet married1        
dependent upon me for support4    ,but1 
sir1 ,napoleon rejoined1 in supporting  
your father and your  sister1 you do    
only that which every good son should   
do4 ,but what have  you to do with the  
,english8    ,they are those1 the young 
man answered1 who have loaned me money1 
which ,i am not able to repay4 ,all     

those who are in debt call their        
creditors the ,english4    ,enough6     
enough6 ,i understand you4 ,you are in  
debt then4 ,and how is it  that with    
such a salary1 you run into debt8 ,i    
wish to have no man about  my person who
 has recourse to the gold of the        
,english4 ,from this hour  you will     
receive your dismission4 ,adieu1 sir6   
,saying this1 ,napoleon  left the room1 
and returned to his chamber4 ,the young 
man was stupefied  with despair4    ,but
 a few moments elapsed when an aid      
entered and gave him a note1  saying1   
,it is from ,napoleon4 ,trembling with  
agitation1 and not  doubting that it    
confirmed his dismissal1 he opened it   
and read3    ,i have wished to dismiss  
you from my cabinet1 for you deserve it2
  but ,i have thought of your aged and  
blind father1 and of your young  sister2
 and1 for their sake1 ,i pardon you4    
,and1 since they are the ones  who must 
most suffer from your misconduct1 ,i    
send you1 with leave of  absence for one

 day only1 the sum of two thousand      
dollars4 ,with this  sum disembarrass   
yourself immediately of all the ,english
 who trouble  you4 ,and hereafter       
conduct yourself in such a manner as not
 to fall  into their power4 ,should you 
fail in this1 ,i shall give you leave of
  absence1 without permission to return4
    ,upon the bleak cliff of ,boulogne1 
swept by the storm and the rain1        
,napoleon had a little hut erected for  
himself4 ,often1 leaving the  palace of 
,st4 ,cloud by night1 after having spent
 a toilsome day in the  cares of state1 
he passed1 with almost the rapidity of  
the wind1 over  the intervening space of
 #ahj miles4 ,arriving about the middle 
of the  next day1 apparently unconscious
 of fatigue1 he examined every thing    
before he allowed himself a moment of   
sleep4 ,the ,english exerted all  their 
energies to impede the progress of the  
majestic enterprise4 ,their  cruisers   
incessantly hovering around1 kept up an 
almost uninterrupted  fire upon the     

works4 ,their shells1 passing over the  
cliff1 exploded  in the harbor and in   
the crowded camps4 ,the laborers1       
inspired by the  presence of ,napoleon1 
continued proudly their toil1 singing as
 they  worked1 while the balls of the   
,english were flying around them4 ,for  
their protection1 ,napoleon finally     
constructed large batteries1 which      
would throw twenty-four pound shot three
 miles1 and thus kept the  ,english     
ships at that distance4 ,it would1      
however1 require a volume to  describe  
the magnitude of the works constructed  
at ,boulogne4 ,napoleon  was            
indefatigable in his exertions to       
promote the health and the  comfort of  
the soldiers4 ,they were all well paid1 
warmly clothed1 fed  with an abundance  
of nutritious food1 and their camp1     
divided into  quarters traversed by long
 streets1 presented the cheerful aspect 
of  a neat1 thriving1 well ordered city4
 ,the soldiers1 thus protected1  enjoyed
 perfect health1 and1 full of confidence

 in the enterprise for  which they were 
preparing1 hailed their beloved leader  
with the most  enthusiastic             
acclamations1 whenever he appeared4     
,illustration3 ,,napoleon',s ,,hut ,,at 
,,boulogne4    ,spacious as were the    
quays erected at ,boulogne1 it was not  
possible to  range all the vessels      
alongside4 ,they were consequently      
ranged nine  deep1 the first only       
touching the quays4 ,a horse1 with a    
band passing  round him1 was raised1 by 
means of a yard1 transmitted nine times 
from yard to yard1 as he was borne aloft
 in the air1 and in about two  minutes  
was deposited in the ninth vessel4 ,by  
constant repetition1  the embarkation   
and disembarkation was accomplished with
 almost  inconceivable promptness and   
precision4 ,in all weather1 in summer   
and  winter1 unless it blew a gale1 the 
boats went out to manoeuvre in the      
presence of the enemy4 ,the exercise of 
landing from the boats along  the cliff 
was almost daily performed4 ,the men    

first swept the shore  by a steady fire 
of artillery from the boats1 and then1  
approaching  the beach1 landed men1     
horses1 and cannon4 ,there was not an   
accident  which could happen in landing 
on an enemies' coast1 except the fire   
from hostile batteries1 which was not   
thus provided against1 and often        
braved4 ,in all these exciting scenes1  
the ,first ,consul was every where      
present4 ,the soldiers saw him now on   
horseback upon the cliff1 gazing        
proudly upon their heroic exertions2    
again he was galloping over the  hard   
smooth sands of the beach1 and again on 
board of one of the  gun-boats going out
 to try her powers in a skirmish with   
one of the  ,british cruisers4          
,frequently he persisted in braving     
serious danger1  and at one time1 when  
visiting the anchorage in a violent     
gale1 the  boat was swamped near the    
shore4 ,the sailors threw themselves    
into  the sea1 and bore him safely      
through the billows to the land4 ,it is 

not strange that those who have seen the
 kings of ,france squandering  the      
revenues of the realm to minister to    
their own voluptuousness and            
debauchery1 should have regarded        
,napoleon as belonging to a different   
race4 ,one day1 when the atmosphere was 
peculiarly clear1 ,napoleon1 upon  the  
cliffs of ,boulogne1 saw dimly1 in the  
distant horizon1 the outline  of the    
,english shore4 ,roused by the sight1 he
 wrote thus to ,cambceres3  ,from the   
heights of ,ambleteuse1 ,i have seen    
this day the coast of  ,england1 as one 
sees the heights of ,calvary from the   
,tuileries4 ,we  could distinguish the  
houses and the bustle4 ,it is a ditch   
that shall  be leaped when one is daring
 enough to try4    ,napoleon1 though one
 of the most bold of men in his         
conceptions1  was also the most cautious
 and prudent in their execution4 ,he had
  made1 in his own mind1 arrangements1  
unrevealed to any one1 suddenly  to     
concentrate in the channel the whole    

,french squadron1 which1 in  the harbors
 of ,toulon1 ,ferrol1 and ,la ,rochelle1
 had been thoroughly  equipped1 to act  
in unexpected concert with the vast     
flotilla4 ,eight  hours of night1 said  
he1 favorable for us1 will now decide   
the fate  of the world4    ,england1    
surprised at the magnitude of these     
preparations1 began to  be seriously    
alarmed4 ,she had imagined her          
ocean-engirdled isle to be  in a state  
of perfect security4 ,now she learned   
that within thirty  miles of her coast  
an army of #aej1jjj most                
highly-disciplined troops  was          
assembled1 that more than two thousand  
gun-boats were prepared to  transport   
this host1 with ten thousand horses1 and
 four thousand pieces  of cannon1 across
 the channel1 and that ,napoleon1 who   
had already  proved himself to be the   
greatest military genius of any age1 was
 to  head this army on its march to     
,london4 ,the idea of #aej1jjj men1 led 
by  ,bonaparte1 was enough to make even 

the most powerful nation shudder4  ,the 
,british naval officers almost          
unanimously expressed the opinion1  that
 it was impossible to be secure against 
a descent on the ,english  coast by the 
,french1 under favor of a fog1 a calm1  
or a long winter's  night4 ,the debates 
in ,parliament as to the means of       
resisting the  danger1 were anxious and 
stormy4 ,a vote was passed authorizing  
the  ministers to summon all            
,englishmen1 between the ages of #ag and
 #ee1 to  arms4 ,in every country town  
the whole male population were seen     
every  morning exercising for war4 ,the 
aged ,king ,george ,,iii4 reviewed these
  raw troops1 accompanied by the excited
 ,bourbon princes1 who wished to        
recover by the force of the arms of     
foreigners1 that throne from which  they
 had been ejected by the will of the    
people4 ,from the ,isle of ,wight  to   
the mouth of the ,thames1 a system of   
signals was arranged to give  the alarm4
 ,beacon fires were to blaze at night   

upon every headland1  upon the slightest
 intimation of danger4 ,carriages were  
constructed  for the rapid conveyance of
 troops to any threatened point4        
,mothers  and maidens1 in beautiful     
happy ,england1 placed their heads upon 
their  pillows in terror1 for the       
blood-hounds of war were unleashed1 and 
,england had unleashed them4 ,she       
suffered bitterly for the crime4 ,she   
suffers still in that enormous burden of
 taxes which the ensuing years  of war  
and woe have bequeathed to her children4
    ,the infamous ,george ,cadoudal1    
already implicated in the infernal      
machine1 was still in ,london1 living   
with other ,french refugees1 in a  state
 of opulence1 from the money furnished  
by the ,british government4  ,the ,count
 d',artois1 subsequently ,charles ,x41  
and his son1 the ,duke de  ,berri1 with 
other persons prominent in the ,bourbon 
interests1 were  associated with this   
brawny assassin in the attempts1 by any 
means1  fair or foul1 to crush          

,napoleon4 ,the ,english government     
supplied  them liberally with money2    
asking no questions1 for conscience     
sake1  respecting the manner in which   
they would employ it4 ,innumerable      
conspiracies were formed for the        
assassination of ,napoleon1 more  than  
thirty of which were detected by the    
police4 ,napoleon at last  became       
exceedingly exasperated4 ,he felt that  
,england was ignominiously  supplying   
those with funds whom she knew to be    
aiming at his  assassination4 ,he was   
indignant that the ,bourbon princes     
should assume1  that he1 elected to the 
chief magistracy of ,france by the      
unanimous  voice of the nation1 was to  
be treated as a dog--to be shot in a    
ditch4  ,if this game is continued1 said
 he1 one day1 ,i will teach those       
,bourbons a lesson which they will not  
soon forget4    ,a conspiracy was now   
organized in ,london1 by ,count         
d',artois and  others of the ,french    
emigrants1 upon a gigantic scale4 ,count

 de  ,lisle1 afterward ,louis ,,xviii41 
was then residing at ,warsaw4 ,the  plot
 was communicated to him2 but he        
repulsed it4 ,the plan involved  the    
expenditure of millions1 which were     
furnished by the ,british  government4  
,mr4 ,hammond1 under secretary of state 
at ,london1 and the  ,english ministers 
at ,hesse1 at ,stuttgard1 and at        
,bavaria1 all upon the  confines of     
,france1 were in intimate communication 
with the disaffected  in ,france1       
endeavoring to excite civil war4 ,three 
prominent ,french  emigrants1 the       
,princes of ,cond1 grandfather1 son1 and
 grandson1 were  then in the service and
 pay of ,great ,britain1 with arms in   
their hands  against their country1 and 
ready to obey any call for active       
service4  ,the grandson1 the ,duke      
d',enghien1 was in the duchy of ,baden1 
awaiting  on the banks of the ,rhine1   
the signal for his march into ,france2  
and  attracted to the village of        
,ettenheim1 by his attachment for a     

young  lady there1 a ,princess de       
,rohan4 ,the plan of the conspirators   
was this3  ,a band of a hundred resolute
 men1 headed by the daring and          
indomitable  ,george ,cadoudal1 were to 
be introduced stealthily into ,france to
 waylay  ,napoleon when passing to      
,malmaison1 disperse his guard1         
consisting  of some ten outriders1 and  
kill him upon the spot4 ,the            
conspirators  flattered themselves that 
this would not be considered            
assassination1  but a battle4 ,having   
thus disposed of the ,first ,consul1 the
 next  question was1 how1 in the midst  
of the confusion that would ensue1 to   
regain for the ,bourbons and their      
partisans their lost power4 ,to do      
this1 it was necessary to secure the    
co-operation of the army4    ,in nothing
 is the infirmity of our nature more    
conspicuous1 than in  the petty         
jealousies which so often rankle in the 
bosoms of great men4  ,general ,moreau  
had looked with an envious eye upon the 

gigantic strides  of ,general ,bonaparte
 to power4 ,his wife1 a weak1 vain1     
envious woman1  could not endure the    
thought that ,general ,moreau should be 
only the  second man in the empire2 and 
she exerted all her influence over her  
vacillating and unstable husband1 to    
convince him that the conqueror of      
,hohenlinden was entitled to the highest
 gifts ,france had to confer4 ,one  day1
 by accident1 she was detained a few    
moments in the ante-chamber of          
,josephine4 ,her indignation was        
extreme4 ,general ,moreau was in a mood 
of  mind to yield to the influence of   
these reproaches4 ,as an indication of  
his displeasure1 he allowed himself to  
repel the favors which the ,first       
,consul showered upon him4 ,he at last  
was guilty of the impropriety of        
refusing to attend the ,first ,consul at
 a review4 ,in consequence1 he  was     
omitted in an invitation to a banquet1  
which ,napoleon gave on the  anniversary
 of the republic4 ,thus coldness        

increased to hostility4  ,moreau1 with  
bitter feelings1 withdrew to his estate 
at ,grosbois1  where1 in the enjoyment  
of opulence1 he watched with an evil    
eye1 the  movements of one whom he had  
the vanity to think his rival4    ,under
 these circumstances1 it was not thought
 difficult to win  over ,moreau1 and    
through him the army4 ,then1 at the very
 moment  when ,napoleon had been        
butchered on his drive to ,malmaison1   
the  loyalists all over ,france were to 
rise2 the emigrant ,bourbons1 with  arms
 and money1 supplied by ,england1 in    
their hands1 were to rush  over the     
frontier2 the ,british navy and army    
were to be ready with  their powerful   
co-operation2 and the ,bourbon dynasty  
was to be  re-established4 ,such was    
this famous conspiracy of the ,bourbons4
    ,illustration3 ,,execution ,,of     
,,the ,,duke ,d',,enghien4    ,but in   
this plan there was a serious           
difficulty4 ,moreau prided himself  upon
 being a very decided republican2 and   

had denounced even the  consulate for   
life1 as tending to the establishment of
 royalty4 ,still  it was hoped that the 
jealousy of his disposition would induce
 him  to engage in any plot for the     
overthrow of the ,first ,consul4        
,general  ,pichegru1 a man illustrious  
in rank and talent1 a warm advocate of  
the  ,bourbons1 and alike influential   
with monarchists and republicans1 had   
escaped from the wilds of ,sinamary1    
where he had been banished by the       
,directory1 and was then residing in    
,london4 ,pichegru was drawn into  the  
conspiracy1 and employed to confer with 
,moreau4 ,matters being thus  arranged1 
,cadoudal1 with a band of bold and      
desperate men1 armed to  the teeth1 and 
with an ample supply of funds1 which had
 been obtained  from the ,english       
treasury1 set out from ,london for      
,paris4 ,upon the  coast of ,normandy1  
upon the side of a precipitous craggy   
cliff1 ever  washed by the ocean1 there 
was a secret passage formed1 by a cleft 

in  the rock1 known only to smugglers4  
,through the cleft1 two or three        
hundred feet in depth1 a rope-ladder    
could be let down to the surface  of the
 sea4 ,the smugglers thus scaled the    
precipice1 bearing heavy  burdens upon  
their shoulders4 ,cadoudal had found out
 this path1 and  easily purchased its   
use4 ,to facilitate communication with  
,paris1 a  chain of lodging-places had  
been established1 in solitary           
farm-houses1  and in the castles of     
loyalist nobles2 so that the            
conspirators  could pass from the cliff 
of ,biville to ,paris without exposure  
to  the public roads1 or to any inn4    
,captain ,wright1 an officer in the     
,english navy1 a bold and skillful      
seaman1 took the conspirators on  board 
his vessel1 and secretly landed them at 
the foot of this cliff4  ,cautiously1   
,cadoudal1 with some of his trusty      
followers1 crept along1  from shelter to
 shelter1 until he reached the suburbs  
of ,paris4 ,from  his lurking place he  

dispatched emissaries1 bought by his    
abundance  of gold1 to different parts  
of ,france1 to prepare the royalists to 
rise4 ,much to his disappointment1 he   
found ,napoleon almost universally      
popular1 and the loyalists themselves   
settling down in contentment  under his 
efficient government4 ,even the priests 
were attached to  the ,first ,consul1   
for he had rescued them from the most   
unrelenting  persecution4 ,in the course
 of two months of incessant exertions1  
,cadoudal was able to collect but about 
thirty men1 who1 by liberal  pay1 were  
willing to run the risk of trying to    
restore the ,bourbons4  ,while ,cadoudal
 was thus employed with the royalists1  
,pichegru and his  agents were sounding 
,moreau and the republicans4 ,general   
,lajolais1 a  former officer of ,moreau1
 was easily gained over4 ,he drew from  
,moreau  a confession of his wounded    
feelings1 and of his desire to see the  
consular government overthrown in almost
 any way4 ,lajolais did not  reveal to  

the illustrious general the details of  
the conspiracy1 but  hastening to       
,london1 by the circuitous route of     
,hamburg1 to avoid  detection1 told his 
credulous employers that ,moreau was    
ready to take  any part in the          
enterprise4 ,at the conferences now held
 in ,london1 by  this band of           
conspirators1 plotting assassination1   
the ,count d',artois  had the criminal  
folly to preside--the future monarch of 
,france guiding  the deliberations of a 
band of assassins4 ,when ,lajolais      
reported that  ,moreau was ready to join
 ,pichegru the moment he should appear1 
,charles1  then ,count d',artois1       
exclaimed with delight1 ,ah6 let but our
 two  generals agree together1 and ,i   
shall speedily be restored to ,france6  
,it was arranged that ,pichegru1        
,rivire1 and one of the ,polignacs1 with
  others of the conspirators1 should    
immediately join ,george ,cadoudal1     
and1 as soon as every thing was ripe1   
,charles and his son1 the ,duke of      

,berri1 were to land in ,france1 and    
take their share in the infamous        
project4 ,pichegru and his party        
embarked on board the vessel of ,captain
  ,wright1 and were landed1 in the      
darkness of the night1 beneath the      
cliff of ,biville4 ,these illustrious   
assassins climbed the smugglers'  rope1 
and skulking from lurking-place to      
lurking-place1 joined the  desperado1   
,george ,cadoudal1 in the suburbs of    
,paris4 ,moreau made  an appointment to 
meet ,pichegru by night upon the        
boulevard de la  ,madelaine4    ,it was 
a dark and cold night1 in the month of  
,january1 #ahjd1 when these  two        
illustrious generals1 the conqueror of  
,holland and the hero of  ,hohenlinden1 
approached1 and1 by a preconcerted      
signal1 recognized  each other4 ,years  
had elapsed since they had stood side by
 side as  soldiers in the army of the   
,rhine4 ,both were embarrassed1 for     
neither  of these once honorable men was
 accustomed to deeds of darkness4 ,they 

had hardly exchanged salutations1 when  
,george ,cadoudal appeared1 he  having  
planned the meeting1 and being          
determined to know its result4  ,moreau1
 disgusted with the idea of having any  
association with such a  man1 was angry 
in being subjected to such an interview2
 and appointing  another meeting with   
,pichegru at his own house1 abruptly    
retired4 ,they  soon met1 and had a long
 and serious conference4 ,moreau was    
perfectly  willing to conspire for the  
overthrow of the consular government1   
but  insisted that the supreme power    
should be placed in his own hands1 and  
not in the hands of the ,bourbons4      
,pichegru was grievously disappointed   
at the result of this interview4 ,he    
remarked to the confidant who  conducted
 him to ,moreau's house1 and thence back
 to his retreat1 ,and  this man too has 
ambition1 and wishes to take his turn in
 governing  ,france4 ,poor creature6 he 
could not govern her for four-and-twenty
  hours4 ,when ,cadoudal was informed of

 the result of the interview1 he        
impetuously exclaimed1 ,if we must needs
 have any usurper1 ,i should  infinitely
 prefer ,napoleon to this brainless and 
heartless ,moreau6  ,the conspirators   
were now almost in a state of despair4  
,they found1 to  their surprise1 in     
entire contradiction to the views which 
had been  so confidently proclaimed in  
,england1 that ,napoleon was admired and
  beloved by nearly all the ,french     
nation2 and that it was impossible to   
organize even a respectable party in    
opposition to him4    ,illustration3    
,,madame ,,polignac ,,interceding ,,for 
,,her ,,husband4    ,various            
circumstances now led the ,first ,consul
 to suspect that some  serious plot was 
in progress4 ,the three ,english        
ministers at ,hesse1  ,wirtemberg1 and  
,bavaria1 were found actively employed  
in endeavoring  to foment intrigues in  
,france4 ,the minister at ,bavaria1 ,mr4
 ,drake1  had1 as he supposed1 bribed a 
,frenchman to act as his spy4 ,this     

,frenchman carried all ,drake's letters 
to ,napoleon1 and received from  the    
,first ,consul drafts of the answers to 
be returned4 ,in this curious           
correspondence ,drake remarks in one of 
his letters1 ,all plots against  the    
,first ,consul must be forwarded2 for it
 is a matter of right little            
consequence by whom the animal be       
stricken down1 provided you are all  in 
the hunt4 ,napoleon caused these letters
 to be deposited in the  senate1 and to 
be exhibited to the diplomatists of all 
nations1 who  chose to see them4 ,some  
spies had also been arrested by the     
police1  and condemned to be shot4 ,one1
 on his way to execution1 declared  that
 he had important information to give4  
,he was one of the band of  ,george     
,cadoudal1 and confessed the whole plot4
 ,other conspirators were  soon         
arrested4 ,among them ,m4 ,lozier1 a man
 of education and polished  manners1    
declared that ,moreau had sent to the   
royalist conspirators  in ,london1 one  

of his officers1 offering to head a     
movement in behalf  of the ,bourbons1   
and to influence the army to co-operate 
in that  movement4 ,when the            
conspirators1 relying upon this promise1
 had reached  ,paris1 he continued1     
,moreau took a different turn1 and      
demanded that he  himself should be made
 the successor of the ,first ,consul4   
,when first  intimation of ,moreau's    
guilt was communicated to ,napoleon1 it 
was  with difficulty that he could      
credit it4 ,the ,first ,consul          
immediately  convened a secret council  
of his ministers4 ,they met in the      
,tuileries  at night4 ,moreau was a     
formidable opponent even for ,napoleon  
to attack4  ,he was enthusiastically    
admired by the army1 and his numerous   
and  powerful friends would aver that he
 was the victim of the jealousy of  the 
,french ,consul4 ,it was suggested by   
some of the council that it  would be   
good policy not to touch ,moreau4       
,napoleon remarked1 they will  say that 

,i am afraid of ,moreau4 ,that shall not
 be said4 ,i have been one  of the most 
merciful of men2 but1 if necessary1 ,i  
will be one of the  most terrible4 ,i   
will strike ,moreau as ,i would strike  
any one else1 as  he has entered into a 
conspiracy1 odious alike for its objects
 and for  the connections which it      
presumes4 ,it was decided that ,moreau  
should  be immediately arrested4        
,cambacres1 a profound lawyer1 declared 
that  the ordinary tribunals were not   
sufficient to meet this case1 and urged 
that ,moreau should be tried by a court 
martial1 composed of the most  eminent  
military officers1 a course which would 
have been in entire  accordance with    
existing laws4 ,napoleon opposed the    
proposition4 ,it  would be said1 he     
remarked1 that ,i had punished ,moreau1 
by causing  him1 under the form of law1 
to be condemned by my own partisans4    
,early in the morning1 ,moreau was      
arrested and conducted to the ,temple4  
,excitement spread rapidly through      

,paris4 ,the friends of ,moreau declared
  that there was no conspiracy1 that    
neither ,george ,cadoudal nor ,pichegru 
were in ,france1 that the whole story   
was an entire fabrication to  enable the
 ,first ,consul to get rid of a         
dangerous rival4 ,napoleon was          
extremely sensitive respecting his      
reputation4 ,it was the great object  of
 his ambition to enthrone himself in the
 hearts of the ,french people  as a     
great benefactor4 ,he was deeply wounded
 by these cruel taunts4 ,it  is indeed  
hard1 said he1 to be exposed to plots   
the most atrocious1  and then to be     
accused of being the inventor of those  
plots2 to be  charged with jealousy1    
when the vilest jealousy pursues me2 to 
be  accused of attempts upon the life of
 another1 when the most desperate       
attacks are aimed at my own4 ,all the   
enthusiasm of his impetuous  nature was 
now aroused to drag the whole plot to   
light in defense of  his honor4 ,he was 
extremely indignant against the         

royalists4 ,he had  not overturned the  
throne of the ,bourbons4 ,he had found  
it overturned1  ,france in anarchy1 and 
the royalists in exile and beggary4 ,he 
had been  the generous benefactor of    
these royalists1 and had done every     
thing in  his power to render them      
service4 ,in defiance of deeply-rooted  
popular  prejudices1 and in opposition  
to the remonstrances of his friends1 he 
had recalled the exiled emigrants1      
restored to them1 as far as possible    
their confiscated estates1 conferred    
upon them important trusts1 and  had    
even lavished upon them so many favors  
as to have drawn upon  himself the      
accusation of meditating the restoration
 of the ,bourbons4  ,in return for such 
services they were endeavoring to blow  
him up with  infernal machines1 and to  
butcher him on the highway4 ,as for     
,moreau1 he  regarded him simply with   
pity1 and wished only to place upon his 
head  the burden of a pardon4 ,the most 
energetic measures were now adopted  to 

search out the conspirators in their    
lurking places4 ,every day new  arrests 
were made4 ,two of the conspirators made
 full confessions4 ,they  declared that 
the highest nobles of the ,bourbon      
,court were involved in  the plot1 and  
that a distinguished ,bourbon prince was
 near at hand1  ready to place himself  
at the head of the royalists as soon as 
,napoleon  should be slain4    ,the     
first ,consul1 exasperated to the       
highest degree1 exclaimed1 ,these       
,bourbons fancy that they may shed my   
blood like that of some wild  animal4   
,and yet my blood is quite as precious  
as theirs4 ,i will repay  them the alarm
 with which they seek to inspire me4 ,i 
pardon ,moreau the  weakness and the    
errors to which he is urged by a stupid 
jealousy4 ,but  ,i will pitilessly shoot
 the very first of these princes who    
shall fall  into my hands4 ,i will teach
 them with what sort of a man they have 
to  deal4    ,fresh arrests were still  
daily made1 and the confessions of the  

prisoners all established the point that
 there was a young prince  who          
occasionally appeared in their councils1
 who was treated with  the greatest     
consideration1 and who was to head the  
movement4 ,still  ,cadoudal1 ,pichegru1 
and other prominent leaders of the      
conspiracy1  eluded detection4 ,as there
 was ample evidence that these men were 
in ,paris1 a law was passed by the      
,legislative ,assembly1 without         
opposition1 that any person who should  
shelter them should be punished  by     
death1 and that whosoever should be     
aware of their hiding-place1  and yet   
fail to expose them1 should be punished 
with six years  imprisonment4 ,a strict 
guard was also placed1 for several days1
 at the  gates of ,paris1 allowing no   
one to leave1 and with orders to shoot  
any person who should attempt to scale  
the wall4 ,pichegru1 ,cadoudal1  and the
 other prominent conspirators were now  
in a state of terrible  perplexity4     
,they wandered by night from house to   

house1 often paying  one or two thousand
 dollars for the shelter of a few hours4
 ,one evening  ,pichegru1 in a state of 
despair1 seized a pistol and was about  
to shoot  himself through the head1 when
 he was prevented by a friend4 ,on      
another  occasion1 with the boldness of 
desperation1 he went to the house of    
,m4 ,marbois1 one of the ministers of   
,napoleon1 and implored shelter4        
,marbois1 knowing the noble character of
 the master whom he served1 with  grief1
 but without hesitancy1 allowed his old 
companion the temporary  shelter of his 
roof1 and did not betray him4 ,he       
subsequently informed  the ,first       
,consul of what he had done4 ,napoleon1 
with characteristic  magnanimity1       
replied to this avowal in a letter      
expressive of his  high admiration of   
his generosity1 in affording shelter1   
under such  circumstances1 to one1 who  
though an outlaw1 had been his friend4  
,at length ,pichegru was betrayed4 ,he  
was asleep at night4 ,his sword  and    

loaded pistols were by his side1 ready  
for desperate defense4 ,the  gendarmes  
cautiously entered his room1 and sprang 
upon his bed4 ,he  was a powerful man1  
and he struggled with herculean but     
unavailing  efforts4 ,he was1 however1  
speedily overpowered1 bound1 and        
conducted  to the ,temple4 ,soon after1 
,george ,cadoudal was arrested4 ,he was 
in a  cabriolet4 ,a police officer      
seized the bridle of the horse4         
,cadoudal  drew a pistol1 and shot him  
dead upon the spot4 ,he then leaped from
  the cabriolet1 and severely wounded   
another officer who attempted to  seize 
him4 ,he made the utmost efforts to     
escape on foot under cover of  the      
darkness of the night2 but1 surrounded  
by the crowd1 he was soon  captured4    
,this desperado appeared perfectly calm 
and self-possessed  before his          
examiners4 ,there were upon his person a
 dagger1 pistols1 and  twelve thousand  
dollars in gold and in bank notes4      
,boldly he avowed his  object of        

attacking the ,first ,consul1 and       
proudly declared that he was  acting in 
co-operation with the ,bourbon princes4 
,the certainty of the conspiracy was now
 established1 and the senate            
transmitted a letter of congratulation  
to the ,first ,consul upon his  escape4 
,in his reply1 ,napoleon remarked1 ,i   
have long since renounced  the hope of  
enjoying the pleasures of private life4 
,all my days are  occupied in fulfilling
 the duties which my fate and the will  
of the  ,french people have imposed upon
 me4 ,heaven will watch over ,france and
  defeat the plots of the wicked4 ,the  
citizens may be without alarm2  my life 
will last as long as it will be useful  
to the nation4 ,but ,i  wish the ,french
 people to understand1 that existence1  
without their  confidence and affection1
 would afford me no consolation1 and    
would1 as  regards them1 have no        
beneficial objects4    ,napoleon        
sincerely pitied ,moreau and ,pichegru1 
and wished to save them  from the       

ignominious death they merited4 ,he sent
 a messenger to ,moreau  assuring him   
that a frank confession should secure   
his pardon and  restoration to favor4   
,but it was far more easy for ,napoleon 
to forgive  than for the proud ,moreau  
to accept his forgiveness4 ,with        
profound  sympathy ,napoleon            
contemplated the position of ,pichegru4 
,as he thought  of this illustrious     
general1 condemned and executed like a  
felon1 he  exclaimed to ,m4 ,real1 ,what
 an end for the conqueror of ,holland6  
,but  the men of the ,revolution must   
not thus destroy each other4 ,i have    
long thought about forming a colony at  
,cayenne4 ,pichegru was exiled  thither1
 and knows the place well2 and of all   
our generals1 he is best  calculated to 
form an extensive establishment there4  
,go and visit him  in his prison1 and   
tell him that ,i pardon him2 that it is 
not toward  him or ,moreau1 or men like 
them that ,i am inclined to be severe4  
,ask him how many men1 and what amount  

of money he would require for  founding 
a colony in ,cayenne1 and ,i will supply
 him1 that he may go  thither and       
re-establish his reputation in rendering
 a great service  to ,france4 ,pichegru 
was so much affected by this magnanimity
 of the  man whose death he had been    
plotting1 that he bowed his head and    
wept  convulsively4 ,the illustrious man
 was conquered4    ,but ,napoleon was   
much annoyed in not being able to lay   
hold upon one of  those ,bourbon princes
 who had so long been conspiring against
 his life1  and inciting others to      
perils from which they themselves       
escaped4 ,one  morning in his study he  
inquired of ,talleyrand and ,fouch      
respecting  the place of residence of   
the various members of the ,bourbon     
family4 ,he  was told in reply that     
,louis ,,xviii4 and the ,duke           
d',angoulme lived in  ,warsaw2 the      
,count d',artois and the ,duke de ,berri
 in ,london1 where also  were the       
,princes of ,cond with the exception of 

the ,duke d',enghien1 the  most         
enterprising of them all1 who lived at  
,ettenheim near ,strasburg4  ,it was in 
this vicinity that the ,british         
ministers ,taylor1 ,smith1 and  ,drake  
had been busying themselves in fomenting
 intrigues4 ,the idea  instantly flashed
 into the mind of the ,first ,consul    
that the ,duke  d',enghien was thus     
lurking near the frontier of ,france to 
take part in  the conspiracy4 ,he       
immediately sent an officer to          
,ettenheim to make  inquiries respecting
 the ,prince4 ,the officer returned with
 the report  that the ,duke d',enghien  
was living there with a ,princess of    
,rohan1 to  whom he was warmly attached4
 ,he was often absent from ,ettenheim1  
and  occasionally went in disguise to   
,strasburg4 ,he was in the pay of the   
,british government1 a soldier against  
his own country1 and had received       
orders from the ,british ,cabinet to    
repair to the banks of the ,rhine1 to   
be ready to take advantage of any       

favorable opportunity which might be    
presented to invade ,france4    ,on the 
very morning in which this report       
reached ,paris1 a deposition  was       
presented to ,napoleon1 made by the     
servant of ,george ,cadoudal1  in which 
he stated that a prince was at the head 
of the conspiracy1  that he believed    
this ,prince to be in ,france1 as he had
 often seen at  the house of ,cadoudal a
 well dressed man1 of distinguished     
manners1  whom all seemed to treat with 
profound respect4 ,this man1 thought    
,napoleon1 must certainly be the ,duke  
d',enghien1 and his interviews  with the
 conspirators will account for his      
frequent absence from  ,ettenheim4      
,another very singular circumstance     
greatly strengthened this  conclusion4  
,there was a ,marquis de ,thumery in the
 suite of the ,duke  d',enghien4 ,the   
,german officer1 who repeated this fact1
 mispronounced  the word so that it     
sounded like ,dumuner1 a distinguished  
advocate  of the ,bourbons4 ,the officer

 sent by ,napoleon to make inquiries1   
consequently reported that ,general     
,dumuner was with the ,duke d',enghien4 
,all was now plain to the excited mind  
of the ,first ,consul4 ,the ,duke       
d',enghien was in the conspiracy4 ,with 
,general ,dumuner and an army of        
emigrants he was to march into ,france1 
by ,strasburg1 as soon as the  death of 
the ,first ,consul was secured2 while   
the ,count d',artois4 aided  by         
,england1 would approach from ,london4  
,a council was immediately called1 to   
decide what should be done4 ,the        
ministers were divided in opinion4 ,some
 urged sending a secret force to  arrest
 the ,duke1 with all his papers and     
accomplices1 and bring them  to ,paris4 
,cambacres1 apprehensive of the effect  
that such a violation  of the ,german   
territory might produce in ,europe1     
opposed the measure4  ,napoleon replied 
to him kindly1 but firmly1 ,i know your 
motive for  speaking thus--your devotion
 to me1 ,i thank you for it4 ,but ,i    

will not  allow myself to be put to     
death without resistance4 ,i will make  
those  people tremble1 and teach them to
 keep quiet for the time to come4       
,orders were immediately given for three
 hundred dragoons to repair to  the     
banks of the ,rhine1 cross the river1   
dash forward to ,ettenheim1  surround   
the town1 arrest the ,prince and all his
 retinue1 and carry  them to ,strasburg4
 ,as soon as the arrest was made1       
,colonel ,caulaincourt  was directed to 
hasten to the ,grand-duke of ,baden1    
with an apology  from the ,first ,consul
 for violating his territory1 stating   
that the  gathering of the hostile      
emigrants so near the frontiers of      
,france1  authorized the ,french        
government to protect itself1 and that  
the  necessity for prompt and immediate 
action rendered it impossible  to adopt 
more tardy measures4 ,the duke of ,baden
 expressed his  satisfaction with the   
apology4    ,on the #aeth of ,march1    
#ahjd1 the detachment of dragoons set   

out1 and  proceeded with such rapidity  
as to surround the town before the ,duke
  could receive any notice of their     
approach4 ,he was arrested in his bed1  
and hurried1 but partially clothed1 into
 a carriage1 and conveyed with  the     
utmost speed to ,strasburg4 ,he was from
 thence taken to the ,castle  of        
,vincennes1 in the vicinity of ,paris4  
,a military commission was  formed      
composed of the colonels of the         
garrison1 with ,general ,hullin as      
,president4 ,the ,prince was brought    
before the ,commission4 ,he was calm    
and haughty1 for he had no apprehension 
of the fate which awaited him4  ,he was 
accused of high treason1 in having      
sought to excite civil war1  and in     
bearing arms against ,france4 ,to       
arraign him upon this charge  was to    
condemn him1 for of this crime he was   
clearly guilty4 ,though  he denied all  
knowledge of the plot in question1      
boldly and rather  defiantly he avowed  
that he had borne arms against ,france1 

and that  he was on the banks of the    
,rhine for the purpose of serving       
against  her again4 ,i esteem1 said he1 
,general ,bonaparte as a great man1 but 
being myself a prince of the house of   
,bourbon1 ,i have vowed against him     
eternal hatred4 ,a ,cond1 he added1 can 
never re-enter ,france but  with arms in
 his hands4 ,my birth1 my opinions      
render me for ever the  enemy of your   
government4 ,by the laws of the         
,republic1 for a ,frenchman  to serve   
against ,france was a capital offense4  
,napoleon1 however1  would not have     
enforced this law in the case of the    
,duke1 had he not  fully believed that  
he was implicated in the conspiracy1 and
 that it  was necessary1 to secure      
himself from assassination1 that he     
should  strike terror into the hearts of
 the ,bourbons4 ,the ,prince implored   
permission to see the ,first ,consul4   
,the court refused this request1  which1
 if granted would undoubtedly have saved
 his life4 ,napoleon also  commissioned 

,m4 ,real to proceed to ,vincennes1 and 
examine the prisoner4  ,had ,m4 ,real   
arrived in season to see the ,duke1 he  
would have made a  report of facts which
 would have rescued the ,prince from his
 tragical  fate2 but1 exhausted by the  
fatigue of several days and nights1 he  
had  retired to rest1 and had given     
directions to his servants to permit him
  to sleep undisturbed4 ,the order of   
the ,first ,consul was1 consequently1   
not placed in his hands until five      
o'clock in the morning4 ,it was then    
too late4 ,the court sorrowfully        
pronounced sentence of death4 ,by torch 
light the unfortunate ,prince was led   
down the winding staircase1 which  led  
into a fosse of the chateau4 ,there he  
saw through the gray mist  of the       
morning1 a file of soldiers drawn up for
 his execution4 ,calmly  he cut off a   
lock of his hair1 and1 taking his watch 
from his pocket1  requested an officer  
to solicit ,josephine to present those  
tokens of  his love to the ,princess de 

,rohan4 ,turning to the soldiers he     
said1 ,i  die for my ,king and for      
,france2 and giving the command to fire1
 he  fell1 pierced by seven balls4      
,while these scenes were transpiring1   
,napoleon was in a state of  intense    
excitement4 ,he retired to the seclusion
 of ,malmaison1 and for  hours1         
communing with no one1 paced his        
apartment with a countenance  expressive
 of the most unwavering determination4  
,it is said that  ,josephine pleaded    
with him for the life of the ,prince1   
and he replied  ,josephine1 you are a   
woman1 and know not the necessities of  
political  life4 ,as pensive and        
thoughtful he walked his room1 he was   
heard in  low tones to repeat to himself
 the most celebrated verses of the      
,french  poets upon the subject of      
clemency4 ,this seemed to indicate that 
his  thoughts were turned to the        
nobleness of pardon4 ,he however        
remained  unrelenting4 ,he was deeply   
indignant that the monarchs of ,europe  

should assume that he was an upstart1   
whom any one might shoot in the  street4
 ,he resolved to strike a blow which    
should send consternation  to the hearts
 of his enemies1 a blow so sudden1 so   
energetic1 so  terrible as to teach them
 that he would pay as little regard for 
their blood1 as they manifested for his4
 ,the object at which he aimed  was     
fully accomplished4 ,says ,thiers ,it is
 not much to the credit  of human nature
 to be obliged to confess1 that the     
terror inspired  by the ,first ,consul  
acted effectually upon the ,bourbon     
,princes and  the emigrants4 ,they no   
longer felt themselves secure1 now that 
even  the ,german territory had proved  
no safeguard to the unfortunate ,duke   
d',enghien2 and thenceforth conspiracies
 of that kind ceased4 ,there are  many  
indications that ,napoleon subsequently 
deplored the tragical fate  of the      
,prince4 ,it subsequently appeared that 
the mysterious stranger  to whom the    
prisoners so often alluded1 was         

,pichegru4 ,when this fact  was         
communicated to ,napoleon1 he was deeply
 moved and musing long and  painfully1  
gave utterance to an exclamation of     
grief1 that he had  consented to the    
seizure of the unhappy ,prince4    ,he1 
however1 took the whole responsibility  
of his execution upon  himself4 ,in his 
testament at ,st4 ,helena1 he wrote1 ,i 
arrested the  ,duke d',enghien because  
that measure was necessary to the       
security1  the interest1 and the honor  
of the ,french people1 when the ,count  
d',artois maintained1 on his own        
admission1 sixty assassins4 ,in similar 
circumstances ,i would do the same4 ,the
 spirit is saddened in recording  these 
terrible deeds of violence and of blood4
 ,it was a period of  anarchy1 of       
revolution1 of conspiracies1 of war4    
,fleets were bombarding  cities1 and    
tens of thousands were falling in a day 
upon a single  field of battle4 ,human  
life was considered of but little value4
 ,bloody  retaliations and reprisals    

were sanctified by the laws of          
contending  nations4 ,surrounded by     
those influences1 nurtured from infancy 
in the  minds of them1 provoked beyond  
endurance by the aristocratic arrogance 
which regarded the elected sovereign of 
,france as an usurper beyond  the pale  
of law1 it is only surprising that      
,napoleon could have passed  through a  
career so wonderful and so full of      
temptations1 with a  character so seldom
 sullied by blemishes of despotic       
injustice4    ,this execution of a      
prince of the blood royal sent a thrill 
of  indignation through all the courts  
of ,europe4 ,the ,french embassadors    
were treated in many instances with     
coldness amounting to insult4  ,the     
,emperor ,alexander sent a remonstrance 
to the ,first ,consul4 ,he  thus        
provoked a terrible reply from the man  
who could hurl a sentence  like a       
bomb-shell4 ,the young monarch of       
,russia was seated upon the             
blood-stained throne1 from which the    

daggers of assassins had removed  his   
father4 ,and yet1 not one of these      
assassins had been punished4  ,with     
crushing irony1 ,napoleon remarked1     
,france has acted1 as ,russia  under    
similar circumstances would have done2  
for had she been informed  that the     
assassins of ,paul were assembled at a  
day's march from her  frontier1 would   
she not1 at all hazards1 have seized    
upon them there8  ,this was not one of  
these soft answers which turn away      
wrath4 ,it stung  ,alexander to the     
quick4    ,absorbed by these cares1     
,napoleon had but little time to think  
of  the imprisoned conspirators awaiting
 their trial4 ,pichegru1 hearing  no    
further mention of the ,first ,consul's 
proposal1 and informed of  the execution
 of the ,duke d',enghien1 gave himself  
up for lost4 ,his  proud spirit could   
not endure the thought of a public trial
 and an  ignominious punishment4 ,one   
night1 after having read a treatise of  
,seneca upon suicide1 he laid aside his 

book1 and by means of his  silk-cravat1 
and a wooden-peg1 which he used as a    
tourniquet1 he  strangled himself4 ,his 
keepers found him in the morning dead   
upon his  bed4    ,the trial of the     
other conspirators soon came on4        
,moreau1 respecting  whom great interest
 was excited1 as one of the most        
illustrious of the  ,republican         
generals1 was sentenced to two years    
imprisonment4 ,napoleon  immediately    
pardoned him1 and granted him permission
 to retire to  ,america4 ,as that       
unfortunate general wished to dispose of
 his estate1  ,napoleon gave orders for 
it to be purchased at the highest price4
 ,he  also paid the expenses of his     
journey to ,barcelona1 preparatory to   
his  embarkation for the new world4     
,george ,cadoudal1 ,polignac1 ,revire1  
and  several others1 were condemned to  
death4 ,there was something in the  firm
 and determined energy of ,cadoudal     
which singularly interested the  mind of
 the ,first ,consul4 ,he wished to save 

him4 ,there is one man1  said ,napoleon1
 among the conspirators whom ,i         
regret--that is ,george  ,cadoudal4 ,his
 mind is of the right stamp4 ,in my     
hands1 he would have  done great things4
 ,i appreciate all the firmness of his  
character1 and  ,i would have given it a
 right direction4 ,i made ,real say to  
him1 that  if he would attach himself to
 me1 ,i would not only pardon him1 but  
would give him a regiment4 ,what do ,i  
say8 ,i would have made him one of  my  
aides-de-camp4 ,such a step would have  
excited a great clamor2 but ,i  should  
not have cared for it4 ,cadoudal refused
 every thing4 ,he is a bar  of iron4    
,what can ,i now do8 ,he must undergo   
his fate2 for such a man  is too        
dangerous in a party4 ,it is a necessity
 of my situation4    ,the evening before
 his execution1 ,cadoudal desired the   
jailer to bring  him a bottle of        
excellent wine4 ,upon tasting the       
contents of the bottle  brought1 and    
finding it of an inferior quality1 he   

complained1 stating  that it was not    
such wine as he desired4 ,the jailer    
brutally replied1  ,it is good enough   
for such a miscreant as you4 ,cadoudal1 
with perfect  deliberation and          
composure1 corked up the bottle1 and1   
with his  herculean arm hurled it at the
 head of the jailer1 with an aim so well
  directed that he fell helpless at his 
feet4 ,the next day1 with several  of   
the conspirators1 he was executed4      
,josephine1 who was ever to ,napoleon a 
ministering angel of mercy1 was  visited
 by the wife of ,polignac1 who1 with    
tears of anguish1 entreated             
,josephine's intercession in behalf of  
her condemned husband4 ,her tender      
heart was deeply moved by a wife's      
delirious agony1 and she hastened  to   
plead for the life of the conspirator4  
,napoleon1 endeavoring to  conceal the  
struggle of his heart beneath a severe  
exterior1 replied1  ,josephine1 you     
still interest yourself for my enemies4 
,they are all of  them as imprudent as  

they are guilty4 ,if ,i do not teach    
them a lesson  they will begin again1   
and will be the cause of new victims4   
,thus  repulsed1 ,josephine1 almost in  
despair1 retired4 ,but she knew that    
,napoleon was soon to pass through one  
of the galleries of the chateau4        
,calling ,madame ,polignac1 she hastened
 with her to the gallery1 and they  both
 threw themselves in tears before       
,napoleon4 ,he for a moment glanced     
sternly at ,josephine1 as if to reproach
 her for the trial to which  she had    
exposed him4 ,but his yielding heart    
could not withstand this  appeal4       
,taking the hand of ,madame ,polignac1  
he said1 ,i am surprised in  finding1 in
 a plot against my life1 ,armand        
,polignac1 the companion of  my boyhood 
at the military school4 ,i will1        
however1 grant his pardon to  the tears 
of his wife4 ,i only hope that this act 
of weakness on my part  may not         
encourage fresh acts of imprudence4     
,those princes1 madame1 are  most deeply

 culpable who thus compromise the lives 
of their faithful  servants without     
partaking their perils4    ,general     
,lajolais had been condemned to death4  
,he had an only daughter1  fourteen     
years of age1 who was remarkably        
beautiful4 ,the poor child  was in a    
state of fearful agony in view of the   
fate of her father4  ,one morning1      
without communicating her intentions to 
any one1 she set  out alone and on foot1
 for ,st4 ,cloud4 ,presenting herself   
before the  gate of the palace1 by her  
youth1 her beauty1 her tears1 and her   
woe1  she persuaded the keeper1 a       
kind-hearted man1 to introduce her to   
the  apartment of ,josephine and        
,hortense4 ,napoleon had said to        
,josephine  that she must not any more  
expose him to the pain of seeing the    
relatives of the condemned2 that if any 
petitions were to be offered1  they must
 be presented in writing4 ,josephine and
 ,hortense were1  however1 so deeply    
moved by the anguish of the distracted  

child1 that  they contrived to introduce
 her to the presence of ,napoleon as he 
was  passing through one of the         
apartments of the palace1 accompanied by
  several of his ministers4 ,the fragile
 child1 in a delirium of emotion1       
rushed before him1 precipitated herself 
at his feet1 and exclaimed1  ,pardon1   
sire6 pardon for my father6             
,napoleon1 surprised at this sudden     
apparition1 exclaimed in  displeasure1  
,i have said that ,i wish for no such   
scenes4 ,who has dared  to introduce you
 here1 in disregard of my prohibition8  
,leave me1 miss6  ,so saying1 he turned 
to pass from her4    ,but the child     
threw her arms around his knees1 and    
with her eyes  suffused with tears1 and 
agony depicted in every feature of her  
beautiful upturned face1 exclaimed1     
,pardon6 pardon6 pardon6 it is for  my  
father6    ,and who is your father8 said
 ,napoleon1 kindly4 ,who are you8    ,i 
am ,miss ,lajolais1 she replied1 and my 
father is doomed to die4  ,napoleon     

hesitated for a moment2 and then        
exclaimed1 ,ah1 miss1 but  this is the  
second time in which your father has    
conspired against the  state4 ,i can do 
nothing for you6    ,alas1 sire6 the    
poor child exclaimed1 with great        
simplicity1 ,i know  it3 but the first  
time1 papa was innocent2 and to-day ,i  
do not ask for  justice--,i implore     
pardon1 pardon for him6    ,napoleon was
 deeply moved4 ,his lip trembled1 tears 
filled his eyes1  and1 taking the little
 hand of the child in both of his own1  
he  tenderly pressed it1 and said3      
,well1 my child6 yes6 ,for your sake1 ,i
 will forgive your father4 ,this  is    
enough4 ,now rise and leave me4    ,at  
these words the suppliant fainted1 and  
fell lifeless upon the floor4  ,she was 
conveyed to the apartment of ,josephine1
 where she soon revived1  and1 though in
 a state of extreme exhaustion1         
proceeded immediately  to ,paris4 ,m4   
,lavalette1 then aid-de-camp of         
,napoleon1 and his wife1  accompanied   

her to the prison of the ,conciergerie1 
with the joyful  tidings4 ,when she     
arrived in the gloomy cell where her    
father was  immured1 she threw herself  
upon his neck1 and her convulsive       
sobbings1  for a time1 stifled all      
possible powers of utterance4 ,suddenly1
  her frame became convulsed1 her eyes  
fixed1 and she fell in entire           
unconsciousness into the arms of ,madame
 ,lavalette4 ,when she revived1  reason 
had fled1 and the affectionate daughter 
was a hopeless maniac6    ,napoleon1 in 
the evening1 was informed of this new   
calamity4 ,he dropped  his head in      
silence1 mused painfully1 brushed a tear
 from his eye1  and was heard to murmur1
 in a low tone of voice1 ,poor child6   
poor  child6--a father who has such a   
daughter is still more culpable4 ,i will
  take care of her and of her mother4   
,six others of the conspirators also    
soon received a pardon4 ,such was  the  
termination of the ,bourbon conspiracy  
for the assassination of  ,napoleon4    

,,who ,,murdered ,,downie8      ,about  
the end of the eighteenth century1      
whenever any student of the  ,marischal 
,college1 ,aberdeen1 incurred the       
displeasure of the humbler  citizens1 he
 was assailed with the question1 ,who   
murdered ,downie8  ,reply and rejoinder 
generally brought on a collision between
 town  and gown2 although the young     
gentlemen were accused of what was      
chronologically impossible4 ,people have
 a right to be angry at being           
stigmatized as murderers1 when their    
accusers have probability on their      
side2 but the taking off of ,downie     
occurred when the gownsmen1 so          
maligned1 were in swaddling clothes4    
,but there was a time1 when to be       
branded as an accomplice in the         
slaughter of ,richard ,downie1 made the 
blood run to the cheek of many  a youth1
 and sent him home to his books1        
thoughtful and subdued4  ,downie was    
sacrist or janitor at ,marischal        
,college4 ,one of his duties  consisted 

in securing the gate by a certain hour2 
previous to which all  the students had 
to assemble in the common hall1 where a 
,latin prayer  was delivered by the     
principal4 ,whether1 in discharging this
 function1  ,downie was more rigid than 
his predecessor in office1 or whether he
  became stricter in the performance of 
it at one time than another1  can not   
now be ascertained2 but there can be no 
doubt that he closed  the gate with     
austere punctuality1 and that those who 
were not in the  common hall within a   
minute of the prescribed time1 were shut
 out1 and  were afterward reprimanded   
and fined by the principal and          
professors4  ,the students became       
irritated at this strictness1 and took  
every petty  means of annoying the      
sacrist2 he1 in his turn1 applied the   
screw at  other points of academic      
routine1 and a fierce war soon began to 
rage  between the collegians and the    
humble functionary4 ,downie took care   
that in all his proceedings he kept     

within the strict letter of the  law2   
but his opponents were not so careful1  
and the decisions of the  rulers were   
uniformly against them1 and in favor of 
,downie4 ,reprimands  and fines having  
failed in producing due subordination1  
rustication1  suspension1 and even the  
extreme sentence of expulsion had to be 
put  in force2 and1 in the end1 law and 
order prevailed4 ,but a secret and      
deadly grudge continued to be           
entertained against ,downie4 ,various   
schemes of revenge were thought of4     
,downie was1 in common with teachers and
 taught1 enjoying the leisure  of the   
short ,new ,year's vacation--the        
pleasure being no doubt greatly         
enhanced by the annoyances to which he  
had been subjected during the  recent   
bickerings--when1 as he was one evening 
seated with his family  in his official 
residence at the gate1 a messenger      
informed him that  a gentleman at a     
neighboring hotel wished to speak with  
him4 ,downie  obeyed the summons1 and   

was ushered from one room into another1 
till  at length he found himself in a   
large apartment hung with black1  and   
lighted by a solitary candle4 ,after    
waiting for some time in  this strange  
place1 about fifty figures also dressed 
in black1 and  with black masks on their
 faces1 presented themselves4 ,they     
arranged  themselves in the form of a   
,court1 and ,downie1 pale with terror1  
was  given to understand that he was    
about to be put on his trial4    ,a     
judge took his seat on the bench2 a     
clerk and public prosecutor sat  below2 
a jury was empanelled in front2 and     
witnesses and spectators  stood around4 
,downie at first set down the whole     
affair as a joke2 but  the proceedings  
were conducted with such persistent     
gravity1 that1  in spite of himself1 he 
began to believe in the genuine mission 
of  the awful tribunal4 ,the clerk read 
an indictment1 charging him with        
conspiring against the liberties of the 
students2 witnesses were  examined in   

due form1 the public prosecutor         
addressed the jury2 and the  judge      
summed up4    ,gentlemen1 said ,downie1 
the joke has been carried far enough--it
 is  getting late1 and my wife and      
family will be getting anxious about me4
  ,if ,i have been too strict with you  
in time past1 ,i am sorry for it1 and   
,i assure you ,i will take more care in 
future4    ,gentlemen of the jury1 said 
the judge1 without paying the slightest 
attention to this appeal1 consider your 
verdict2 and1 if you wish to  retire1 do
 so4    ,the jury retired4 ,during their
 absence the most profound silence was  
observed2 and except renewing the       
solitary candle that burnt beside the   
judge1 there was not the slightest      
movement4    ,the jury returned1 and    
recorded a verdict of ,,guilty4    ,the 
judge solemnly assumed a huge black cap1
 and addressed the prisoner4    ,richard
 ,downie6 ,the jury have unanimously    
found you guilty of  conspiring against 
the just liberty and immunities of the  

students  of ,marischal ,college4 ,you  
have wantonly provoked and insulted     
those  inoffensive lieges for some      
months1 and your punishment will        
assuredly  be condign4 ,you must prepare
 for death4 ,in fifteen minutes the     
sentence  of the ,court will be carried 
into effect4    ,the judge placed his   
watch on the bench4 ,a block1 an ax1 and
 a bag  of sawdust were brought into the
 ,centre of the room4 ,a figure more    
terrible than any that had yet appeared 
came forward1 and prepared to  act the  
part of doomster4    ,it was now past   
midnight1 there was no sound audible    
save the ominous  ticking of the judge's
 watch4 ,downie became more and more    
alarmed4    ,for any sake1 gentlemen1   
said the terrified man1 let me home4 ,i 
promise that you never again shall have 
cause for complaint4    ,richard        
,downie1 remarked the judge1 you are    
vainly wasting the few  moments that are
 left you on earth4 ,you are in the     
hands of those who  must have your life4

 ,no human power can save you4 ,attempt 
to utter one  cry1 and you are seized1  
and your doom completed before you can  
utter  another4 ,every one here present 
has sworn a solemn oath never to reveal 
the proceedings of this night2 they are 
known to none but ourselves2  and when  
the object for which we have met is     
accomplished1 we shall  disperse unknown
 to any one4 ,prepare1 then1 for death2 
other five  minutes will be allowed1 but
 no more4    ,the unfortunate man in an 
agony of deadly terror raved and        
shrieked  for mercy3 but the avengers   
paid no heed to his cries4 ,his fevered1
  trembling lips then moved as if in    
silent prayer2 for he felt that the     
brief space between him and eternity was
 but as a few more tickings of  that    
ominous watch4    ,now6 exclaimed the   
judge4    ,four persons stepped forward 
and seized ,downie1 on whose features a 
cold1 clammy sweat had burst forth4     
,they bared his neck1 and made him      
kneel before the block4    ,strike6     

exclaimed the judge4    ,the executioner
 struck the ax on the floor2 an         
assistant on the  opposite side lifted  
at the same moment a wet towel1 and     
struck it  across the neck of the       
recumbent criminal4 ,a loud laugh       
announced that  the joke had at last    
come to an end4    ,but ,downie         
responded not to the uproarious         
merriment--they laughed  again--but     
still he moved not--they lifted him1 and
 ,downie was dead6    ,fright had killed
 him as effectually as if the ax of a   
real headsman  had severed his head from
 his body4    ,it was a tragedy to all4 
,the medical students tried to open a   
vein1  but all was over2 and the        
conspirators had now to bethink         
themselves  of safety4 ,they now in     
reality swore an oath among themselves2 
and the  affrighted young men1 carrying 
their disguises with them1 left the body
  of ,downie lying in the hotel4 ,one of
 their number told the landlord  that   
their entertainment was not yet quite   

over1 and that they did not  wish the   
individual that was left in the room to 
be disturbed for some  hours4 ,this was 
to give them all time to make their     
escape4    ,next morning the body was   
found4 ,judicial inquiry was instituted1
  but no satisfactory result could be   
arrived at4 ,the corpse of poor  ,downie
 exhibited no mark of violence internal 
or external4 ,the  ill-will between him 
and the students was known3 it was also 
known  that the students had hired      
apartments in the hotel for a theatrical
  representation--that ,downie had been 
sent for by them2 but beyond this1      
nothing was known4 ,no noise had been   
heard1 and no proof of murder  could be 
adduced4 ,of two hundred students at the
 college1 who could  point out the      
guilty or suspected fifty8 ,moreover1   
the students were  scattered over the   
city1 and the magistrates themselves had
 many of  their own families among the  
number1 and it was not desirable to go  
into the affair too minutely4 ,downie's 

widow and family were provided  for1 and
 his slaughter remained a mystery2      
until1 about fifteen years  after its   
occurrence1 a gentleman on his death-bed
 disclosed the whole  particulars1 and  
avowed himself to have belonged to the  
obnoxious class  of students who        
murdered ,downie4          ,,fragments  
,,from ,a ,,young ,,wife',s ,,diary4#c  
,i have been married seven weeks4 99 99 
99 ,i do not rave in girlish fashion    
about my perfect happiness--,i do not   
even say ,i love my husband4 ,such      
words imply a separate existence--a gift
 consciously bestowed on one  being from
 another4 ,i feel not thus3 my husband  
is to me as my own soul4    #c ,by the  
,authoress of ,,olive1 ,,the ,,ogilvies1
 and ,,the ,,head ,,of  ,,the ,,family1 
three charming works1 recently published
 by ,harper and  ,brothers4    ,long1   
very long1 it is since ,i first knew    
this4 ,gradually1 not  suddenly1 the    
great mystery of love overshadowed me1  
until at last ,i  found out the truth1  

that ,i was my own no more4 ,all the    
world's beauty  ,i saw through his      
eyes--all the world's goodness and      
greatness came  reflected through his   
noble heart4 ,in his presence ,i was as 
a child3 ,i  forgot myself1 my own      
existence1 hopes1 and aims4 ,every      
where--at all  times and all places--his
 power was upon me4 ,he seemed to absorb
 and  inhale my whole soul into his1    
until ,i became like a cloud melting    
away  in sunshine1 and vanishing from   
the face of heaven4    ,all this reads  
very wild and mad2 but1 oh6             
,laurence--,laurence6 none  would marvel
 at it who had once looked on thee6 ,not
 that he is a  perfect ,apollo--this    
worshiped husband of mine3 you may meet 
a score  far handsomer4 ,but who cares8 
,not ,i6 ,all that is grand1 all that   
is beautiful1 all that makes a man look 
godlike through the inward  shining of  
his godlike soul--,i see in my          
,laurence4 ,his eyes1 soft1 yet         
proud--his wavy hair--his hand that ,i  

sit and clasp--his strong arm  that ,i  
lean on--all compose an image wherein ,i
 see no flaw4 ,nay1 ,i  could scarce    
believe in any beauty that bore no      
likeness to ,laurence4    ,thus is my   
husband--what am ,i8 ,his wife--and no  
more4 ,every thing in me  is only a     
reflection of him4 ,sometimes ,i even   
marvel that he loved me1  so unworthy as
 ,i seem3 yet1 when heaven rained on me 
the rich blessing  of his love1 my      
thirsty soul drank it in1 and ,i felt   
that had it never  come1 for lack of it 
,i must have died4 ,i did almost die1   
for the joy  was long in coming4        
,though--as ,i know now--he loved me    
well and dearly2  yet for some reason or
 other he would not tell me so4 ,the    
vail might  never have fallen from our  
hearts1 save for one blessed chance4 ,i 
will  relate it4 ,i love to dream over  
that brief hour1 to which my whole      
existence can never show a parallel4    
,we were walking all together--my       
sisters1 ,laurence ,shelmerdine1 and    

,i--when there came on an ,august       
thunder-storm4 ,our danger was great1   
for we were in the midst of a wood4 ,my 
sisters fled2 but ,i1 being weak  and   
ill--alas6 my heart was breaking        
quietly1 though he knew it not--,i  had 
no strength to fly4 ,he was too kind to 
forsake me3 so we staid in  an open     
space of the wood1 ,i clinging to his   
arm1 and thinking--,god  forgive        
me6--that if ,i could only die then1    
close to him1 encompassed  by his gentle
 care1 it would be so happy--happier far
 than my life was  then4 ,what he       
thought1 ,i knew not4 ,he spoke in      
hurried1 broken words1  and turned his  
face from me all the while4    ,it grew 
dark1 like night1 and there came flash  
after flash1 peal after  peal4 ,i could 
not stand--,i leaned against his arm4   
,at last there  shone all around us a   
frightful glare1 as if the whole wood   
were in  flames--a crash of boughs--a   
roar above1 as though the heavens were  
falling--then1 silence4    ,death had   

passed close by us1 and smote us        
not--and ,death was the  precursor of   
,love4    ,we looked at one another1    
,laurence and ,i3 then1 with a great    
cry1 our  hearts--long-tortured--sprang 
together4 ,there never can be such a    
meeting1 save that of two parted ones1  
who meet in heaven4 ,no words  were     
spoken1 save a murmur--,adelaide6       
,laurence6--but we knew that  between us
 two there was but one soul4 ,we stood  
there--all the while  the storm lasted4 
,he sheltered me in his arms1 and ,i    
felt neither the  thunder nor the rain4 
,i feared not life nor death1 for ,i now
 knew that  in either ,i should never be
 divided from him4    99 99 99 ,ours was
 a brief engagement4 ,laurence wished it
 so2 and ,i  disputed not--,i never     
disputed with him in any thing4         
,besides1 ,i was  not happy at home--my 
sisters did not understand him4 ,they   
jested  with me because he was grave and
 reserved--even subject to moody fits   
sometimes4 ,they said1 ,i should have a 

great deal to put up with2  but it was  
worth while1 for ,mr4 ,shelmerdine's    
grand estate atoned  for all4 ,my       
,laurence6 as if ,i had ever thought    
whether he were rich  or poor6 ,i       
smiled1 too1 at my sisters' jests about 
his melancholy1  and the possibility of 
his being a bandit in disguise4 ,none   
truly  knew him--none but ,i6 ,yet ,i   
was half afraid of him at times2 but    
that  was only from the intensity of my 
love4 ,i never asked him of his for     
me--how it grew--or why he had so long  
concealed it2 enough for me that  it was
 there4 ,yet it was always calm3 he     
never showed any passionate  emotion1   
save one night--the night before our    
wedding day4    ,i went with him to the 
gate myself1 walking in the moonlight   
under the  holly trees4 ,i trembled a   
little2 but ,i was happy--very happy4   
,he held  me long in his arms ere he    
would part with me--the last brief      
parting  ere we would have no need to   
part any more4 ,i said1 looking up from 

his  face unto the stars1 ,laurence1 in 
our full joy1 let us thank ,god1 and    
pray ,him to bless us4    ,his heart    
seemed bursting3 he bowed his proud     
head1 dropped it down  upon my shoulder1
 and cried1 ,nay1 rather pray ,him to   
forgive me4  ,adelaide1 ,i am not worthy
 of happiness--,i am not worthy of you4 
,he1 to talk in this way6 and about me6 
but ,i answered him soothingly1  so that
 he might feel how dear was my love--how
 entire my trust4    ,he said1 at last1 
half mournfully1 ,you are content to    
take me then1  just as ,i am2 to forgive
 my past--to bear with my present--to   
give  hope to my future4 ,will you do   
this1 my love1 my ,adelaide8    ,i      
answered1 solemnly1 ,i will4 ,then1 for 
the first time1 ,i dared to  lift my    
arms to his neck2 and as he stooped ,i  
kissed his forehead4 ,it  was the seal  
of this my promise--which may ,god give 
me strength to keep  evermore6          
99       99       99       99       99  
,we were laughing to-day--,laurence and 

,i--about first loves4 ,it was  scarcely
 a subject for mirth2 but one of his    
bachelor friends had been  telling us of
 a new-married couple1 who1 in some     
comical fashion1  mutually made the     
discovery of each other's first loves4  
,i said to  my husband1 smiling happily1
 that he need have no such fear4 ,and ,i
  repeated1 half in sport1 the lines--  
',he was her own1 her ocean treasure1   
cast      ,like a rich wreck--her first 
love1 and her last4'    ,so it was with 
your poor ,adelaide4 ,touched by the    
thought1 my gayety  melted almost into  
tears4 ,but ,i laughed them off1 and    
added1 ,come1  ,laurence1 confess the   
same4 ,you never1 never loved any one   
but me8    ,he looked pained1 said      
coldly1 ,i believe ,i have not given    
cause--  then stopped4 ,how ,i trembled2
 but ,i went up to him1 and whispered1  
,laurence1 dearest1 forgive me4 ,he     
looked at me a moment1 then caught  me  
passionately to his breast4 ,i wept     
there a little--my heart was so  full4  

,yet ,i could not help again murmuring  
that question--,you love me8  you do    
love me8    ,i love you as ,i never     
before loved woman4 ,i swear this in the
 sight of  heaven4 ,believe it1 my wife6
 was his vehement answer4 ,i hated      
myself  for having so tried him4 ,my    
dear1 my noble husband6 ,i was mad to   
have a  moment's doubt of thee4         
99       99       99       99       99  
99 99 99 ,nearly a year married1 and it 
seems a brief day3 yet it seems1  also1 
like a lifetime--as if ,i had never     
known any other4 ,my ,laurence6  daily  
,i grow closer to him--heart to heart4  
,i understand him better--if  possible1 
,i love him more3 not with the wild     
worship of my girlhood1  but with       
something dearer--more home-like4 ,i    
would not have him an  angel1 if ,i     
could4 ,i know all his little faults and
 weaknesses quite  well--,i do not shut 
my eyes on any of them2 but ,i gaze     
openly at them1  and love them down4    
,there is love enough in my heart to    

fill up all  chasms--to remove all      
stumbling-blocks from our path4 ,ours is
 truly  a wedded life3 not two jarring  
lives1 but an harmonious and complete   
one4           99       99       99     
99       99    ,i have taken a long     
journey1 and am somewhat dreary at being
 away1 even  for three days1 from my    
pleasant home4 ,but ,laurence was       
obliged to go1  and ,i would not let him
 go alone2 though1 from tender fear1 he 
urged  me to stay4 ,so kind and         
thoughtful he was too4 ,because his     
engagements  here would keep him much   
from me1 he made me take likewise my    
sister  ,louisa4 ,she is a good girl1   
and a dear girl2 but ,i miss ,laurence2 
,i  did especially in my walk to-day1   
through a lovely1 wooded country and  a 
sweet little village4 ,i was thinking of
 him all the time2 so much so1  that ,i 
quite started when ,i heard one of the  
village children shouted  after as      
,laurence4    ,very foolish it is of    
me--a loving weakness ,i have not yet   

got  over--but ,i never hear the name my
 husband bears without a pleasant       
thrill2 ,i never even see it written up 
in the street without turning  again to 
look at it4 ,so1 unconsciously1 ,i      
turned to the little rosy  urchin1 whom 
his grandam honored by the name of      
,laurence4    ,a pretty1 sturdy boy1 of 
five or six years old--a child to glad  
any  mother4 ,i wondered had he a       
mother6 ,i staid and asked4--,i always  
notice children now4 ,oh6 wonderful1    
solemn mystery sleeping at my  heart1 my
 hope--my joy--my prayer6 ,i think1 with
 tears1 how ,i may one  day watch the   
gambols of a boy like this2 and how1    
looking down in  his little face1 ,i may
 see therein my ,laurence's eyes4 ,for  
the sake  of this future--which ,god    
grant6--,i went and kissed the little   
fellow  who chanced to bear my husband's
 name4 ,i asked the old woman about  the
 boy's mother4 ,dead6 dead five years4  
,and his father8 ,a sneer--a  muttered  
curse--bitter words about poor folk and 

gentle-folk4 ,alas6  alas6 ,i saw it    
all4 ,poor1 beautiful1 unhappy child6   
,my heart was so pained1 that ,i could  
not tell the little incident to         
,laurence4 ,even when my sister began to
 talk of it1 ,i asked her to  cease4    
,but ,i pondered over it the more4 ,i   
think1 if ,i am strong enough1  ,i will 
go and see the poor little fellow again 
to-morrow4 ,one might do  some good--who
 knows8           99       99       99  
99       99    ,to-morrow has           
come--to-morrow has gone4 ,what a gulf  
lies between that  yesterday and its    
to-morrow6    99 99 99 ,louisa and ,i   
walked to the village--she very much    
against her  will4 ,it was wrong and    
foolish1 she said2 one should not meddle
  with vice4 ,and she looked prudent and
 stern4 ,i tried to speak of the        
innocent child--of the poor dead mother2
 and the shadow of motherhood  over my  
own soul taught me compassion towards   
both4 ,at last1 when  ,louisa was half  
angry1 ,i said ,i would go for ,i had a 

secret reason  which she did not        
know4--,thank heaven those words were   
put into my lips4    ,so1 we went4 ,my  
little beauty of a boy was not there2   
and ,i had the  curiosity to approach   
the cottage where his grandmother lived4
 ,it stood  in a garden1 with a high    
hedge around4 ,i heard a child's laugh1 
and  could not forbear peeping through4 
,there was my little favorite1 held     
aloft in the arms of a man1 who stood   
half hidden behind a tree4    ,he looks 
like a gentleman3 perhaps it is the     
wretch of a father6  whispered ,louisa4 
,sister1 we ought to come away4 ,and she
 walked  forward indignantly4    ,but ,i
 still staid--still looked4 ,despite my 
horror of the crime1 ,i  felt a sort of 
attraction3 it was some sign of grace in
 the man that  he should at least       
acknowledge and show kindness to his    
child4 ,and the  miserable mother6 ,i1 a
 happy wife1 could have wept to think of
 her4  ,i wondered1 did he think of her1
 too8 ,he might2 for1 though the boy    

laughed and chattered1 lavishing on him 
all those pet diminutives which         
children make out of the sweet word     
father1 ,i did not hear this  father    
answer by a single word4    ,louisa came
 to hurry me away4 ,hush6 ,i said3 one  
moment and ,i will  go4    ,the little  
one had ceased chattering3 the father   
put it down1 and came  forth from his   
covert4    ,heaven it was my husband6   
99 99 99 ,i think ,i should then have   
fallen down dead1 save for one          
thing--,i turned and met my sister's    
eyes4 ,they were full of                
horror--indignation--pity4 ,she1 too1   
had seen4    ,like lightning there      
flashed across me all the future3 my    
father's  wrath--the world's            
mockery--his shame4    ,i said--and ,i  
had strength to say it quite            
calmly--,louisa1 you have  guessed our  
secret2 but keep it--promise6    ,she   
looked aghast--confounded4    ,you see1 
,i went on1 and ,i actually smiled1 you 
see1 ,i know all about  it1 and so does 

,laurence4 ,it is--a friend's child4    
,may heaven forgive me for that lie ,i  
told3 it was to save my husband's       
honor4    ,day after day1 week after    
week1 goes by1 and yet ,i live--live1   
and  living1 keep the horrible secret in
 my soul4 ,it must remain there  buried 
forever1 now4    ,it so chanced2 that   
after that hour ,i did not see my       
husband for some  weeks3 ,louisa and ,i 
were hastily summoned home4 ,so ,i had  
time to think  what ,i was to do4    ,i 
knew all now--all the mystery of his    
fits of gloom--his secret  sufferings4  
,it was remorse1 perpetual remorse4 ,no 
marvel6 ,and for a  moment my stern     
heart said1 ,let it be so4 ,i1 too1 was 
wronged4 ,why  did he marry me1 and hide
 all this8 ,o vile6 ,o cruel6 ,then the 
light  broke on me3 his long struggle   
against his love--his terror of winning 
mine4 ,but he did love me3              
half-maddening as ,i was1 ,i grasped at 
that4  ,whatever blackness was on the   
past1 he loved me now--he had sworn     

it--more than he ever loved woman4    ,i
 was yet young3 ,i knew little of the   
wickedness of the world2 but ,i  had    
heard of that mad passion of a moment1  
which may seize on a heart  not wholly  
vile1 and afterward a whole lifetime of 
remorse works out  the expiation4 ,six  
years ago6 he must have been then a mere
 boy4 ,if he  had thus erred in youth1  
,i1 who knew his nature1 knew how awful 
must  have been the repentance of his   
manhood4 ,on any humbled sinner ,i would
  have mercy--how much rather must ,i   
have mercy on my husband8    ,i had     
mercy4 ,some1 stern in virtue1 may      
condemn me--but ,god knoweth  all4      
,he is--,i believe it in my soul--he is 
a good man now1 and striving more  and  
more after good4 ,i will help him--,i   
will save him4 ,never shall he  know    
that secret1 which out of pride or      
bitterness might drive him back  from   
virtue1 or make him feel shame before   
me4           99       99       99      
99       99    ,i took my resolution--,i

 have fulfilled it4 ,i have met him     
again1 as a  faithful wife should meet  
her husband3 no word1 no look1 betrays1 
or  shall betray1 what ,i know4 ,all our
 outward life goes on as before3 his    
tenderness for me is                    
constant--overflowing4 ,but oh6 the     
agony1 worse  than death1 of knowing my 
idol fallen--that where ,i once         
worshiped1 ,i  can only pity1 weep1 and 
pray4           99       99       99    
99       99    ,he told me yesterday he 
did not feel like the same man that he  
was  before his marriage4 ,he said ,i   
was his good angel3 that through me he  
became calmer1 happier every day4 ,it   
was true3 ,i read the change in his     
face4 ,others read it too4 ,even his    
aged mother told me1 with tears1 how    
much good ,i had done to ,laurence4 ,for
 this1 thank ,god6    ,my husband6 my   
husband6 ,at times ,i could almost think
 this horror was  some delirious dream1 
cast it all to the winds1 and worship   
him as of  old4 ,i do feel1 as ,i ought1

 deep tenderness--compassion4 ,no1 no6  
let  me not deceive myself3 ,i love him2
 in defiance of all ,i love him1 and    
shall do evermore4    ,sometimes his    
olden sufferings come over him1 and then
 ,i1 knowing the  whole truth1 feel my  
very soul moved within me4 ,if he had   
only told me  all3 if ,i could now lay  
my heart open before him1 with all its  
love and  pardon2 if he would let me    
comfort him1 and speak of hope1 of      
heaven's  mercy--of atonement1 even on  
earth4 ,but ,i dare not--,i dare not4   
,since1 from this silence which he has  
seen fit to keep1 ,i must not  share the
 struggle1 but must stay afar off--then1
 like the prophet who  knelt on the     
rock1 supplicating for ,israel in the   
battle1 let my hands  fall not1 nor my  
prayer cease1 until heaven sendeth the  
victory4           99       99       99 
99       99    ,nearer and nearer comes 
the hour which will be to me one of a   
double  life1 or of death4 ,sometimes1  
remembering all ,i have lately suffered1

  there comes to me a heavy foreboding4 
,what1 if ,i1 so young1 to whom1  one   
little year ago1 life seemed an opening 
paradise--what1 if ,i  should die--die  
and leave him1 and he never know how    
deeply ,i have  loved--how much ,i have 
forgiven8    ,yes2 he might know1 and   
bitterly4 ,should ,louisa tell4 ,but ,i 
will  prevent that4           99        
99       99       99       99    ,in my 
husband's absence1 ,i have sat up half  
the night writing2 that1  in case of my 
death1 he may be made acquainted with   
the whole truth1  and hear it from me   
alone4 ,i have poured out all my        
sufferings--all my  tenderness3 ,i have 
implored him1 for the love of heaven1   
for the love  of me1 that he would in   
every way atone for the past1 and lead  
for the  future a righteous life2 that  
his sin may be forgiven1 and that1 after
  death1 we may meet in joy evermore4   
99       99       99       99       99  
,i have been to church with             
,laurence--for the last time1 as ,i     

think4  ,we knelt together1 and took the
 sacrament4 ,his face was grave1  but   
peaceful4 ,when we came home1 we sat in 
our beautiful little  rose-garden3 he1  
looking so content--even happy2 so      
tender over me--so  full of hope for the
 future4 ,how should this be1 if he had 
on his soul  that awful sin8 ,all seemed
 a delusion of my own creating3 ,i      
doubted  even the evidence of my own    
senses4 ,i longed to throw myself on his
  bosom1 and tell him all4 ,but then1   
from some inexplicable cause1 the  olden
 cloud came over him2 ,i read in his    
face1 or thought ,i read1 the  torturing
 remorse which at once repelled me from 
him1 and yet drew me  again1 with a     
compassion that was almost stronger than
 love4    ,i thought ,i would try to    
say1 in some passing way1 words that1   
should  ,i die1 might afterward comfort 
him1 by telling him how his misery had  
wrung my heart1 and how ,i did not scorn
 him1 not even for his sin4             
,laurence1 ,i said1 very softly1 ,i wish

 that you and ,i had known one  another 
all our lives--from the time we were    
little children4    ,oh6 that we had6   
then ,i had been a better and a happier 
man1 my  ,adelaide6 was his answer4     
,we will not talk of that4 ,please ,god1
 we may live a long and worthy  life    
together2 but if not--    ,he looked at 
me with fear4 ,what is that you say8    
,adelaide1 you are not  going to die8   
you1 whom ,i love1 whom ,i have made    
happy1 you have no  cause to die4       
,oh1 agony6 he thought of the one who   
had cause--to whose shame and  misery   
death was better than life4 ,poor       
wretch6 she1 too1 might have  loved him4
 ,down1 wife's jealousy6 down1 woman's  
pride6 ,it was long1  long ago4 ,she is 
dead2 and he--,oh6 my husband6 may ,god 
forgive me  according as ,i pardon you6 
,i said to him once more1 putting my arm
 round his neck1 leaning so that  he    
could only hear1 not see me4 ,laurence1 
if ,i should die1 remember  how happy we
 have been1 and how dearly we have loved

 one another4 ,think  of nothing sad or 
painful2 think only that1 living or     
dying1 ,i loved  you as ,i have loved   
none else in the world4 ,and so1        
whatever chances1  be content4    ,he   
seemed afraid to speak more1 lest ,i    
should be agitated2 but as he  kissed   
me1 ,i felt on my cheek tears--tears    
that my own eyes1 long  sealed by       
misery1 had no power to shed4    99 99  
99 ,i have done all ,i wished to do4 ,i 
have set my house in order4  ,now1      
whichever way ,god wills the event1 ,i  
am prepared4 ,life is not to  me what it
 once was3 yet1 for ,laurence's sake1   
and for one besides--,ah6  now ,i dimly 
guess what that poor mother felt1 who1  
dying1 left her  child to the mercy of  
the bitter world4 ,but1 heaven's will be
 done4 ,i  shall write here no          
more--perhaps forever4    99 99 99 ,it  
is all past and gone4 ,i have been a    
mother--alas6 have been2  but ,i never  
knew it4 ,i woke out of a long blank    
dream--a delirium of  many weeks--to    

find the blessing had come1 and been    
taken away4 ,,one  only giveth--,,one   
only taketh4 ,amen6    ,for seven days1 
as they tell me1 my babe lay by my      
side--its tiny hands  touched mine--it  
slept at my breast4 ,but ,i remember    
nothing--nothing6  ,i was quite mad all 
the while4 ,and then--it died--and ,i   
have no little  face to dream of--no    
memory of the sweetness that has been4  
it is all  to me as if ,i had never seen
 my child4    ,if ,i had only had my    
senses for one day--one hour3 if ,i     
could but have  seen ,laurence when they
 gave him his baby boy4 ,bitterly he    
grieves1 his  mother says1 because he   
has no heir4    99 99 99 ,my first      
waking fear was horrible4 ,had ,i       
betrayed any thing  during my delirium8 
,i think not4 ,louisa says ,i lay all   
the time silent1  dull1 and did not even
 notice my husband1 though he bent over 
me like  one distracted4 ,poor          
,laurence6 ,i see him but little now3   
they will not  suffer me4 ,it is perhaps

 well3 ,i could not bear his grief and  
my own  too3 ,i might not be able to    
keep my secret safe4           99       
99       99       99       99    ,i went
 yesterday to look at the tiny          
mound--all that is left to me  of my    
dream of motherhood4 ,such a happy dream
 as it was1 too6 ,how it  comforted me1 
many a time3 how ,i used to sit and     
think of my darling  that was to come3  
to picture it lying in my arms--playing 
at my  feet--growing in beauty--a boy1 a
 youth1 a man6 ,and this--this is       
all--this little grave4    ,perhaps ,i  
may never have another child4 ,if so1   
all the deep love  which nature teaches1
 and which nature has even now awakened 
in my  heart1 must find no object1 and  
droop and wither away1 or be changed    
into repining4 ,no6 please ,god1 that   
last shall never be3 ,i will not        
embitter the blessings ,i have1 by      
mourning over those denied4    ,but ,i  
must love something1 in the way that ,i 
would have loved my child4  ,i have lost

 my babe2 some babe may have lost a     
mother4 ,a thought  comes--,i           
shudder--,i tremble--yet ,i follow it4  
,i will pause a little1  and then--     
99       99       99       99       99  
,in ,mr4 ,shelmerdine's absence1 ,i have
 accomplished my plan4 ,i have          
contrived to visit the place where lives
 that hapless child--my  husband's      
child4    ,i do believe my love to      
,laurence must be such as never before  
was borne  to man by woman4 ,it draws me
 even toward this little one3 forgetting
  all wife-like pride1 ,i seem to yearn 
over the boy4 ,but is this strange8  ,in
 my first girlish dreams1 many a time ,i
 have taken a book he had  touched--a   
flower he had gathered--hid it from my  
sisters1 kissed  it1 and wept over it   
for days4 ,it was folly2 but it only    
showed how  precious ,i held every thing
 belonging to him4 ,and should ,i not   
hold  precious what is half himself--his
 own son8    ,i will go and see the     
child to-morrow4    ,weeks have passed1 

and yet ,i have had no strength to tell 
what that  to-morrow brought4 ,strange  
book of human fate6 each leaf closed    
until  the appointed time--if we could  
but turn it1 and read4 ,yet it is best  
not4    ,i went to the cottage--alone1  
of course4 ,i asked the old woman to let
  me come in and rest1 for ,i was a     
stranger1 weak and tired4 ,she did so   
kindly1 remembering1 perhaps1 how ,i had
 once noticed the boy4 ,he was  her     
grandson she told me--her daughter's    
child4    ,her daughter6 ,and this old  
creature was a coarse1 rough-spoken     
woman--a  laborer's wife4 ,laurence     
,shelmerdine--the elegant--the          
refined--what  madness must have        
possessed him6    ,she died very young1 
then1 your daughter8 ,i found courage to
 say4    ,ay1 ay2 in a few months after 
the boy's birth4 ,she was but a weakly  
thing at best1 and she had troubles     
enow4    ,quickly came the blood to my  
heart--to my cheek--in bitter1 bitter   
shame4 ,not for myself1 but for him4 ,i 

shrank like a guilty thing before  that 
mother's eye4 ,i dared not ask--what ,i 
longed to hear--concerning  the poor    
girl1 and her sad history4    ,is the   
child like her8 was all ,i could say1   
looking to where the  little one was    
playing1 at the far end of the garden4  
,i was glad not to  see him nearer4 ,was
 his mother as beautiful as he8    ,ay1 
a good-looking lass enough2 but the     
little lad's like his father1  who was a
 gentleman born3 though ,laurence had   
better ha' been a  plowman's son4 ,a bad
 business ,bess made of it4 ,to this day
 ,i dunnot  know her right name1 nor    
little ,laurence's there2 and so ,i     
canna  make his father own him4 ,he     
ought1 for the lad's growing up as grand
  a gentleman as himself3 he'll never do
 to live with poor folk like  granny4   
,alas6 ,i cried1 forgetting all but my  
compassion2 then how will the  child    
bear his lot of shame6    ,shame6 and   
the old woman came up fiercely to me4   
,you'd better mind  your own business3  

my ,bess was as good as you4    ,i      
trembled violently1 but could not speak4
 ,the woman went on3    ,i dunnot care  
if ,i blab it all out1 though ,bess     
begged me not4 ,she was  a fool1 and the
 young fellow something worse4 ,his     
father tried--may-be  he wished to try1 
too--but they couldna undo what had been
 done4 ,my  girl was safe married to    
him1 and the little lad's a gentleman's 
lawful  son4    ,oh6 joy beyond belief6 
,oh6 bursting blessed tears6 ,my        
,laurence6 my  ,laurence6    99 99 99 ,i
 have no clear recollection of any thing
 more1 save that ,i  suppose the woman  
thought me mad1 and fled out of the     
cottage4 ,my first  consciousness is of 
finding myself quite alone1 with the    
door open1 and  a child looking in at me
 in wonderment1 but with a gentleness   
such as ,i  have seen my husband wear4  
,no marvel ,i had loved that childish   
face3  it was such as might have been   
his when he was a boy4    ,i cried1     
tremulously1 ,laurence6 little          

,laurence6 ,he came to me1  smiling and 
pleased4 ,one faint struggle ,i         
had--forgive me1 poor dead  girl6--and  
then ,i took the child in my arms1 and  
kissed him as though ,i  had been his   
mother ,for thy sake--for thy sake--my  
husband6           99       99       99 
99       99    ,i understood all the    
past now4 ,the wild1 boyish passion1    
making an  ideal out of a poor village  
girl--the unequal union--the dream      
fading  into common day--coarseness     
creating repulsion--the sting of one    
folly  which had marred a               
lifetime--dread of the world1           
self-reproach1 and  shame--all these    
excuses ,i could find3 and yet ,laurence
 had acted ill4  ,and when the end came3
 no wonder that remorse pursued him1 for
 he had  broken a girl's heart4 ,she    
might1 she must1 have loved him4 ,i wept
 for  her--,i1 who so passionately loved
 him too4    ,he was wrong1 also1       
grievously wrong1 in not acknowledging  
the child4  ,yet there might have been  

reasons4 ,his father ruled with an iron 
hand2  and1 then1 when he died1         
,laurence had just known me4 ,alas6 ,i  
weave all  coverings to hide his fault4 
,but surely this strong1 faithful love  
was  implanted in my heart for good4 ,it
 shall not fail him now3 it shall       
encompass him with arms of peace3 it    
shall stand between him and the  bitter 
past3 it shall lead him on to a worthy  
and happy future4    ,there is one thing
 which he must do3 ,i will strengthen   
him to do it4  ,yet1 when ,i tell him   
all1 how will he meet it8 ,no matter2 ,i
 must do  right4 ,i have walked through 
this cloud of misery--shall my courage  
fail me now8    ,he came home1 nor knew 
that ,i had been away4 ,something       
oppressed him3  his old grief perhaps4  
,my beloved6 ,i have a balm even for    
that1 now4    99 99 99 ,i told him the  
story1 as it were in a parable1 not of  
myself1 but  of another--a friend ,i    
had4 ,his color came and went--his hands
 trembled  in my hold4 ,i hid nothing3  

,i told of the wife's first horrible    
fear--of  her misery--and the red flush 
mounted to his very brow4 ,i could have 
fallen at his feet1 and prayed          
forgiveness2 but ,i dared not yet4 ,at  
last ,i spoke of the end1 still using   
the feigned names ,i had used all       
along4    ,he said1 hoarsely1 ,do you   
think the wife--a good and pure         
woman--would  forgive all this8         
,forgive6 ,oh6 ,laurence--,laurence6 and
 ,i clung to him and wept4    ,a doubt  
seemed to strike him4 ,adelaide--tell   
me--    ,i have told4 ,husband1 forgive 
me6 ,i know all1 and still ,i love      
you--,i  love you6    ,i did not say1 ,i
 pardon4 ,i would not let him think that
 ,i felt ,i had  need to pardon4        
,laurence sank down at my feet1 hid his 
face on my knees1 and wept4    99 99 99 
,the tale of his youth was as ,i        
guessed4 ,he told it me the same  night1
 when we sat in the twilight gloom4 ,i  
was glad of this--that not  even his    
wife's eyes might scan too closely the  

pang it cost him to  reveal these       
long-past days4 ,but all the while he   
spoke my head was on  his breast1 that  
he might feel ,i held my place there    
still1 and that no  error1 no grief1 no 
shame1 could change my love for him1 nor
 make me  doubt his own1 which ,i had   
won4           99       99       99     
99       99    ,my task is accomplished4
 ,i rested not1 day or night1 until the 
right  was done4 ,why should he fear the
 world's sneer1 when his wife stands  by
 him--his wife1 who most of all might be
 thought to shrink from  this confession
 that must be made8 ,but ,i have given  
him comfort--ay1  courage4 ,i have urged
 him to do his duty1 which is one with  
mine4    ,my husband has acknowledged   
his first marriage1 and taken home his  
son4  ,his mother1 though shocked and   
bewildered at first1 rejoiced when she  
saw the beautiful boy--worthy to be the 
heir of the ,shelmerdines4 ,all  are    
happy in the thought4 ,and ,i--    ,i   
go1 but always secretly1 to the small   

daisy-mound4 ,my own lost one6  my babe1
 whose face ,i never saw6 ,if ,i have no
 child on earth1 ,i know  there is a    
little angel waiting me in heaven4      
99       99       99       99       99  
,let no one say ,i am not happy1 as     
happy as one can be in this world3      
never was any woman more blessed than ,i
 am in my husband and my  son--mine4 ,i 
took him as such3 ,i will fulfill the   
pledge while ,i live4    99 99 99 ,the  
other day1 our little ,laurence did     
something wrong4 ,he rarely  does so--he
 is his father's own child for          
gentleness and generosity4  ,but here he
 was in error3 he quarreled with his    
,aunt ,louisa1 and  refused to be       
friends4 ,louisa was not right either3  
she does not half  love the boy4    ,i  
took my son on my lap1 and tried to show
 him the holiness and beauty  of        
returning good for evil1 of forgetting  
unkindness1 of pardoning  sin4 ,he      
listened1 as he always listens to me4   
,after a while1 when  his heart was     

softened1 ,i made him kneel down beside 
me1 saying the  prayer--,forgive us our 
trespasses1 as we forgive them that     
trespass  against us4    ,little        
,laurence stole away1 repentant and     
good4 ,i sat thoughtful3 ,i did  not    
notice that behind me had stood my      
,laurence--my husband4 ,he came  and    
knelt where his boy had knelt4 ,like a  
child1 he laid his head on my  shoulder1
 and blessed me1 in broken words4 ,the  
sweetest of all were3    ,my wife6 my   
wife who has saved her husband6         
,a ,,soldier',s ,,first ,,battle4       
,,the ,,capture ,,of ,a ,,redoubt4      
,a military friend of mine1 who died of 
fever1 in ,greece1 a few years  ago1 one
 day related to me the first affair in  
which he had been  engaged4 ,his recital
 made such an impression upon me that ,i
 wrote it  down from memory as soon as  
,i had leisure4 ,here it is3    ,i      
joined my regiment on the #dth of       
,september1 in the evening4 ,i found  my
 colonel at the bivouac4 ,he received me

 at first very bluntly2 but  when he had
 read my letter of recommendation from  
,general ,b----1 he  altered his manner1
 and addressed some civil words to me4  
,i was presented by him to my captain1  
who had that instant returned  from     
reconnoitering the movements of the     
enemy4 ,this captain1 though ,i  had    
scarce time to observe him1 was a tall1 
sunburnt man1 of harsh and  repulsive   
aspect4 ,he had been a private soldier1 
and had gained his  epaulets and his    
cross of the ,legion on the field of    
battle4 ,his voice1  which was hoarse   
and weak1 contrasted oddly with his     
almost gigantic  height4 ,they told me  
afterward that he owed his strange voice
 to a ball  which had cut his windpipe  
across at the battle of ,jena4    ,on   
learning that ,i had come from the      
military school of ,fontainebleau1  he  
made a grimace1 and said1 ',my          
lieutenant was killed yesterday'--,i    
understood what he would have added3    
',it is you that should take his  place1

 but you are not fit4' ,an angry retort 
was on my lips1 but ,i  contained       
myself4    ,the moon rose behind the    
redoubt of ,cheverino1 situated about   
two  gun-shots from our bivouac4 ,it was
 large and red1 as usual at first       
rising4 ,but this evening the moon      
seemed to me of extraordinary size4     
,for an instant the redoubt stood out   
from the dark night against the  broad  
red disc of the moon4 ,it looked like   
the cone of a volcano at the  moment of 
an eruption4    ,an old soldier1 near   
whom ,i stood1 remarked upon the color  
of  the moon--',she is very red1' said  
he1 'it is a sign that it will  cost us 
dear to take it--this famous redoubt6'  
,i have always been  superstitious1 and 
this augury1 especially at this moment1 
affected me  considerably4    ,i went to
 rest1 but could not sleep4 ,i rose1 and
 walked about for some  time in the     
dark1 looking at the immense line of    
watch-fires which  covered the heights  
about the village of ,cheverino4        

,when ,i found the cold1 keen night-air 
had sufficiently cooled my  blood1 ,i   
went back to the fire2 ,i wrapped myself
 carefully in my cloak1  and shut my    
eyes1 hoping not to open them again     
before daylight4 ,but  sleep fled my    
eyelids4 ,my thoughts unconsciously     
assumed a gloomy  aspect4 ,i reflected  
that ,i had not a single friend among   
the hundred  thousand men who covered   
this plain4 ,if ,i were wounded1 ,i     
would be  carried to an hospital1 and   
treated without respect1 by perhaps     
ignorant surgeons4 ,all that ,i had     
heard of surgical operations came  into 
my mind4 ,my heart beat with violence1  
and mechanically ,i placed1  as a kind  
of cuirass1 the handkerchief and the    
portfolio which ,i had  with me1 about  
my breast4 ,fatigue overwhelmed me2 ,i  
grew sleepier each  instant2 but some   
unlucky thought suddenly flashed upon my
 mind1 and ,i  woke up again with a     
start4    ,but fatigue prevailed1 and   
when the drums beat to arms1 they awoke 

me  from a sound sleep4 ,we were put in 
battle array1 and challenged the  enemy1
 then we piled arms1 and all said we    
were going to have a quiet  day4        
,about three o'clock1 an aid-de-camp    
galloped up1 bringing an order4  ,we    
stood to our arms again2 our            
sharpshooters spread themselves over    
the plain2 we followed them slowly1 and 
in about twenty minutes we saw  the     
advanced posts of the ,russians turning 
back and entering within the  redoubt4  
,a battery of artillery had established 
itself on our right1 another on  our    
left1 but both were well in advance of  
us4 ,they began a brisk fire  upon the  
enemy1 who replied vigorously1 and the  
redoubt of ,cheverino  was very soon hid
 under a thick cloud of smoke4    ,our  
regiment was almost secure against the  
fire of the ,russians by a              
rising-ground in our front4 ,their      
bullets--a rare thing for us--7for      
their gunners fired more accurately than
 ours7 went over our heads1 or  at most 

covered us with earth and little stones4
    ,as soon as the order to advance had
 been given us1 my captain eyed  me with
 a look which obliged me1 two or three  
times1 to pass my hand  over my young   
mustache with as unconcerned an air as  
,i could4 ,indeed1  ,i was not          
frightened1 and the only fear ,i had    
was1 lest any one about  me should      
imagine ,i was afraid4 ,these           
inoffensive bullets of the  ,russians   
still continued to preserve my heroic   
calmness4 ,my self-esteem  whispered to 
me that ,i ran a real danger1 and that  
,i was under the fire  of a battery4 ,i 
was delighted at feeling myself so much 
at my ease1 and  ,i thought of the      
pleasure with which ,i should relate the
 capture of the  redoubt of ,cheverino1 
in the salon of ,madame de ,b----1 in   
the ,rue de  ,provence4    ,the colonel 
passed before our company2 he said to   
me1 ',well1 sir6 you  are soon going to 
make your dbut4'    ,i smiled1 with a   
martial air1 brushing at the same time  

the sleeve of  my coat1 upon which a    
bullet1 that had fallen about thirty    
paces from  me1 had sent a little dust4 
,it seemed that the ,russians had       
perceived the bad success of their      
firing1 for they replaced their cannon  
with howitzers1 which could  better     
reach us in the hollow where we were    
posted4 ,suddenly a stunning  blow      
knocked off my shako1 and a ball killed 
the man behind me4    ',i congratulate  
you1' said the captain to me1 as ,i put 
on my shako  again1 'you are safe for   
the day4' ,i knew of the military       
superstition1  which holds that the     
axiom non bis in idem has its           
application on  the field of battle as  
well as in the court of justice4 ,i put 
on my  shako somewhat haughtily4 ',this 
causes one to salute without ceremony1' 
said ,i1 as gayly as ,i could4 ,this    
wretched pleasantry1 under the          
circumstances1 seemed excellent4 ',i    
wish you joy1' replied the captain1     
'you will not be hit again1 and you will

 command a company this night2  for ,i  
feel sure that the furnace is heated for
 me4 ,every time that ,i  have been     
wounded1 the officer behind me has      
received some mortal ball1  and1' he    
added1 in a low tone1 and as if ashamed 
of what he was about  to say1 'their    
names always began with a ,p4'    ,i    
felt stout-hearted now2 many people     
would have done as ,i did2 many  would1 
like myself1 have been struck with these
 prophetic words4  ,conscript as ,i was1
 ,i felt that ,i could confide my       
sentiments to no  one1 and that ,i ought
 only to appear coolly intrepid4    ,at 
the lapse of about half an hour the fire
 of the ,russians sensibly  diminished2 
and then we sallied from our cover1 to  
march upon the  redoubt4    ,our        
regiment was composed of three          
battalions4 ,the second was ordered  to 
turn the redoubt on the side of the     
defile2 the two others were  ordered to 
make the assault4 ,i belonged to the    
third battalion4    ,in moving out from 

behind the shoulder of the rising ground
 which  had hitherto protected us1 we   
were met by volleys of musketry1 which1 
however1 did little execution among our 
ranks4 ,the whistling of the  bullets   
surprised me2 ,i frequently turned my   
head1 and thus excited  considerable    
pleasantry among those of my comrades   
who were more  familiar than myself with
 this kind of music4 ,taking all things1
 said ,i  to myself1 a battle is not so 
terrible a thing after all4    ,we      
advanced at a running pace1 preceded by 
the skirmishers4 ,all at  once the      
,russians set up three hurras--three    
distinct hurras2 then they  remained    
silent1 and entirely ceased firing4 ',i 
don't like this quiet1'  said my        
captain1 'it bodes us no good4' ,i found
 our people becoming  rather blustering1
 and ,i could not help at the moment    
contrasting their  noisy exclamations   
with the imposing silence of the enemy4 
,we soon reached the foot of the        
redoubt1 the palisades of which had     

been broken and the earth scattered by  
our cannon-balls4 ,the soldiers  rushed 
over the ruins1 with cries of ,vive     
l',empereur6 louder than one  could have
 expected of men who had already been   
shouting so much4    ,i raised my eyes1 
and never shall ,i forget the scene     
which ,i saw  before me4 ,the greater   
part of the smoke had risen1 and hung1  
suspended  like a canopy1 twenty feet   
above the redoubt4 ,beyond a bluish     
vapor1 we  could see behind their       
half-destroyed parapet the ,russian     
grenadiers1  with muskets raised1       
immovable as statues4 ,i think ,i still 
see each  soldier1 his left eye fixed on
 us1 his right hidden behind his musket4
  ,in an embrasure1 some feet from us1 a
 man1 holding a match1 stood  beside a  
cannon4    ,i shuddered1 and ,i thought 
that my last hour was come4 ',now the   
dance  is about to begin6' said my      
captain4 ',good-night6' ,these were the 
last  words ,i heard him speak4    ,a   
roll of drums resounded through the     

redoubt4 ,i saw them lower  their       
muskets4 ,i shut my eyes1 and then ,i   
heard a terrific discharge1  followed by
 cries and groans4 ,i opened my eyes    
again1 surprised to find  myself still  
unharmed4 ,the redoubt was again        
enveloped in smoke4 ,i was  surrounded  
by dead and wounded4 ,my captain lay    
stretched at my feet4  ,his head was    
pounded by a bullet1 and ,i was         
spattered with his blood  and his       
brains4 ,of all my company1 there       
remained alive only six men  besides    
myself4    ,a moment of stupor succeeded
 to this carnage4 ,the colonel1 putting 
his hat on the point of his sword1      
clambered up the parapet the first1     
crying ,vive l',empereur6 and he was    
soon followed by the survivors4 ,i  have
 no distinct recollection of what       
occurred4 ,we entered the redoubt1  ,i  
don't know how4 ,we fought1 man to man1 
amid a smoke so thick that we  could    
scarcely see each other4 ,i must have   
struck like the rest1 for ,i  found my  

sabre all bloody4 ,at last ,i heard the 
cry of ',victory6' and1  the smoke      
diminishing1 ,i saw that blood and dead 
bodies almost covered  the ground of the
 redoubt4 ,the cannons were almost      
buried under the  heaps of corpses4     
,about two hundred men standing1 in     
,french uniforms1  were grouped without 
order1 some charging their pieces1      
others wiping  their bayonets4 ,eleven  
,russian prisoners stood by them4       
,the colonel lay stretched1 all bloody1 
upon a broken wagon1 near the  defile4  
,some soldiers pressed round him4 ,i    
approached4 ',who is the  senior        
captain8' he asked of a sergeant4 ,the  
sergeant shrugged his  shoulders in a   
most expressive manner4 ',and the senior
 lieutenant8'  ',this officer who       
arrived to-day6' said the sergeant1     
calmly4 ,the  colonel smiled sadly4     
',come1 sir1' said he to me1 'you       
command in  chief4 ,you must at once    
fortify the redoubt1 and barricade the  
defile  with wagons1 for the enemy is in

 force2 but ,general ,c---- will support
  you4' ',colonel1' said ,i to him1 'you
 are seriously wounded4' ',f----1 my    
dear fellow1 but the redoubt is taken4' 
,,memory ,,and ,,its ,,caprices4        
,there is no faculty so inexplicable as 
memory4 ,it is not merely that  its     
powers vary so much in different        
individuals1 but that every  one has    
found their own liable to the most      
unaccountable changes  and chances4 ,why
 vivid impressions should appear to     
become utterly  obliterated1 and then   
suddenly spring to light1 as if by the  
wand of  a magician1 without the        
slightest effort of our own1 is a       
mystery  which no metaphysician has ever
 been able to explain4 ,we all have     
experience of this1 when we have striven
 in vain to recollect a name1  a        
quotation1 or a tune1 and find it       
present itself unbidden1 it may be1  at 
a considerable interval of time1 when   
the thoughts are engaged on  another    
subject4 ,we all know the uneasy feeling

 with which we search  for the missing  
article1 and the relief when it suddenly
 flashes  across the mind1 and when1 as 
if traced by invisible ink1 it comes out
  unexpectedly1 bright and clear4    ,it
 is most happily ordered1 that pleasing 
sensations are recalled with  far       
greater vividness than those of a       
distressing nature4 ,a charming  scene  
which we loved to contemplate1 a perfume
 which we have inhaled1  an air to which
 we have listened1 can all be reverted  
to with a degree  of pleasure not far   
short of that which we experienced in   
the actual  enjoyment2 but bodily pain1 
which1 during its continuance1 occasions
  sensations more absorbing than any    
thing else1 can not be recalled with    
the same vividness4 ,it is remembered in
 a general way as a great evil1  but we 
do not recall the suffering so as to    
communicate the sensation  of the       
reality4 ,in fact1 we remember the pain1
 but we recollect the  pleasure--for the
 difference between remembrance and     

recollection is  distinct4 ,we may      
remember a friend1 whose person we have 
forgotten1  but we can not have         
forgotten the appearance of one whom we 
recollect4  ,surely a benevolent        
,providence can be traced in the        
provision which  enables us to enjoy the
 sensations again which gave pleasure1  
but which  does not oblige us to feel   
those which gave pain4 ,the memory of   
the  aged1 which is so impaired by      
years1 is generally clear as to the most
  pleasurable period of existence1 and  
faint and uncertain as to that  which   
has brought the infirmities and ills    
which flesh is heir to2  and the        
recollection of schoolboy days1 with    
what keen delight are all  their merry  
pranks and innocent pleasures recalled1 
while the drudgery  of learning and the 
discipline of rules1 once considered so 
irksome1  fill but a faint outline in   
the retrospective picture2 the          
impressions  of joy and gayety rest on  
the mind1 while those which are felt in 

the  first moments of some great        
calamity are so blunted by its stunning 
effect1 that they can not be accurately 
recalled4 ,indeed1 it frequently        
happens that the memory loses every     
trace of a sudden misfortune1 while  it 
retains all the events which have       
preceded it4    ,of such paramount      
importance is a retentive memory        
considered1 that  the improvement of the
 faculty by constant exercise is the    
first  object in education1 and         
artificial aids for its advantage have  
been  invented4 ,so essential did the   
ancients regard its vigor for any work  
of imagination1 that they described the 
muses as the daughters of  memory4      
,though a retentive memory may be found 
where there is no  genius1 yet genius1  
though sometimes1 is rarely deficient in
 this  most valuable gift4 ,there are so
 many examples of its great power in    
men of transcendent abilities1 that     
every one can name a host4 ,some  of    
these examples would appear incredible1 

had they not been given on              
unquestionable authority4 ,themistocles1
 we are told1 could call by  their names
 every citizen of ,athens1 though they  
amounted to twenty  thousand4 ,cyrus    
knew the name of every soldier in his   
army4 ,hortentius1  after attending a   
public sale for the day1 gave an account
 in the  evening of every article which 
had been sold1 the prices1 and the names
  of the purchasers4 ,on comparing it   
with that taken at the sale by the      
notary1 it was found to agree as exactly
 with it as if it had been  a copy4     
,memory ,corner ,thompson1 so called    
from the extraordinary  power which he  
possessed1 drew1 in the space of        
twenty-two hours1 a  correct plan of the
 parish of ,st4 ,james's1 ,westminster1 
with parts of  the parishes of ,st4     
,marylebone1 ,st4 ,ann1 and ,st4        
,martin4 ,in this were  included all the
 squares1 streets1 courts1 lanes1       
alleys1 markets1  and all other entries2
 every church1 chapel1 and public       

building2  all stables and yards2 all   
the public-houses and corners of        
streets1  with every pump1 post1 tree1  
house1 bow-window2 all the minuti about 
,st4 ,james's ,palace2 this he did in   
the presence of two gentlemen1  without 
any plan or notes of reference1 but     
solely from his memory4 ,he  afterward  
completed the plans of other parishes4  
,a house being named in  any public     
street1 he could tell the trade of the  
shop1 either on the  right or left hand4
 ,he could from memory furnish an       
inventory of every  thing contained in  
any house where he was intimate1 from   
the garret to  the cellar4    ,the      
extraordinary powers of calculation     
entirely from memory are  very          
surprising4 ,the mathematician ,wallis1 
in bed1 and in the dark1  extracted the 
cube root from a number consisting of   
thirty figures4  ,george ,,iii4 had a   
memory remarkably retentive4 ,he is said
 never to  have forgotten the face he   
had once seen1 or the name once heard4  

,carolan's memory was remarkably quick  
and retentive4 ,on one occasion1  he met
 a celebrated musician at the house of  
an ,irish nobleman4 ,he  challenged him 
to a trial of musical skill4 ,the       
musician played the  fifth ,concerto of 
,vivaldi on his violin1 to which        
,carolan1 who had  never heard it1      
listened with deep attention4 ,when it  
was finished1 he  took his harp1 and    
played the ,concerto from beginning to  
end1 without  missing a single note4 ,an
 instance of great memory is related of 
,la  ,motte1 who was invited by         
,voltaire1 then a young man1 to hear a  
tragedy  which he had just finished4 ,la
 ,motte listened with great attention1  
and was delighted with it4 ,however1 he 
said he had one fault to find  with it4 
,on being urged by ,voltaire to say what
 that was1 he replied1  that he         
regretted that any part of it should    
have been borrowed4  ,voltaire1         
chagrined and incredulous1 requested    
that he would point  this out4 ,he named

 the second scene of the fourth act1    
saying1 that1  when he had met with it1 
it had struck him so much1 that he took 
the  trouble of transmitting it to      
memory4 ,he then recited the scene1 just
  as ,voltaire had read it1 with the    
animation which showed how much it      
pleased him4 ,voltaire1 utterly         
confounded1 remained silent2 the friends
  who were present looked at each other 
in amazement2 a few moments of          
embarrassment and dismay ensued4 ,la    
,motte at length broke the silence3     
,make yourself easy1 sir1 said he1 the  
scene belongs to no one  but you4 ,i was
 so charmed by its beauty that ,i could 
not resist the  temptation of committing
 it to memory4    ,it is not uncommon to
 find the memory retentive on some      
subjects1  yet extremely defective on   
others4 ,the remarkable powers of some  
are  limited to dates and names4 ,a lady
 with whom we were acquainted could     
tell the number of stairs contained in  
each flight in the houses of  all her   

acquaintance1 but her memory was not    
particularly retentive in  any thing    
else4 ,in the notice of the death of    
,miss ,addison1 daughter of  the        
celebrated ,addison1 which took place in
 #agig1 it is stated1 that  she         
inherited her father's memory1 but none 
of the discriminating  powers of his    
understanding2 with the retentive       
faculties of ,jedediah  ,buxton1 she was
 a perfect imbecile4 ,she could go on in
 any part of her  father's works1 and   
repeat the whole1 but was incapable of  
speaking or  writing an intelligible    
sentence4 ,cases of occasional          
forgetfulness  on matters of interest to
 the mind are among the strange caprices
 of  memory4 ,when ,dr4 ,priestley was  
preparing the dissertations prefixed  to
 his ,harmony of the ,gospels1 he had   
taken great pains to inform  himself on 
a subject which had been under          
discussion1 relative to the  ,jewish    
passover4 ,he transcribed the result of 
his researches1 and  laid the paper     

aside4 ,his attention being called to   
something else1 a  fortnight elapsed    
before the subject again occurred to his
 mind4 ,the  same pains were taken which
 he had bestowed on it before4 ,the     
fruits of  his labor were again written 
out4 ,so completely had he forgotten    
that  he had before copied out exactly  
the same paragraphs and reflections1    
that it was only when he found the      
papers on which he had transcribed  them
 that it was recalled to his            
recollection4 ,at times he has read his 
own published writings without          
recognizing them4    ,john ,hunter's    
memory once failed him4 ,when he was in 
the house of a  friend1 he totally      
forgot where he was1 in whose house1 in 
what room1  or in what street1 or where 
he lived himself4 ,he was conscious of  
this  failure1 and tried to restore his 
recollection by looking out of the      
window to ascertain where he was1 but to
 no purpose4 ,after some time1          
recollection gradually returned4 ,it is 

well known that a young man of  great   
ability1 and for whom his friends looked
 for the most brilliant  success1       
totally forgot what he had been about to
 say1 when making his  first1 and1 as it
 proved1 his only parliamentary speech4 
,he tried to  resume the thread of his  
argument1 but all was a cheerless       
blank--he  came to a dead stop2 and thus
 his parliamentary career ended3 he     
never  attempted to address the house   
again4 ,an actor1 who was performing in 
a play which had a great run1 all at    
once forgot a speech which he had  to   
make4 ,how1 said he1 when he got behind 
the scenes1 and offered1 as  he thought1
 a very sufficient excuse1 how could it 
be expected that ,i  should remember it 
forever4 ,haven't ,i repeated it every  
night for the  last thirty nights6      
,we are told in the ,psychological      
,magazine1 that many cases have         
occurred in which persons have forgotten
 their own names4 ,on one  occasion1 a  
gentleman had to turn to his companion1 

when about to leave  his name at a door 
where they called to visit1 to ask him  
what it was1  so completely and suddenly
 had he forgotten it4 ,after severe     
attacks  of illness and great hardship1 
loss of memory is not infrequent4 ,some 
who recovered from the plague at        
,athens1 as ,thucydides relates1 had    
lost their memories so entirely that no 
friend1 no relation1 nothing  connected 
with their personal identity1 was       
remembered4 ,it is said1  that1 among   
those who had escaped with life the     
disasters of the  memorable campaign in 
,russia1 and the disease which was so   
fatal to the  troops at ,wilna1 there   
were some who had utterly lost their    
memory--who  preserved not the faintest 
recollection of country1 home1 or       
friends4  ,the fond associations of     
other days had left nothing but a dreary
 blank4    ,as the body has been made   
the vehicle for the exercise of the     
faculties  of the mind1 and as they are 
united in some mysterious manner1 we    

find  injuries to the one often hurtful1
 and sometimes fatal to the other4      
,mental shocks frequently impede1 or in 
some cases utterly put an end to  that  
exercise which the union of body and    
mind produces4 ,the memory is  often    
disturbed or upset by some injury to the
 brain4 ,a fall1 a sudden  blow1 or     
disease1 may obliterate all             
recollection4 ,we have heard  of those  
who have suffered from such who have    
forgotten every friend  and relation1   
and never knew the face of one belonging
 to them again4  ,but the effects are   
sometimes very strange and partial1 and 
totally  beyond our comprehension4 ,the 
functions of the memory1 in some cases1 
are suspended for a time1 but1 on       
recovery1 take up at the very point     
where they were deprived of their power4
 ,dr4 ,abercrombie was acquainted  with 
a lady who had an apoplectic seizure    
while at cards4 ,from ,thursday  evening
 till ,sunday morning she was quite     
unconscious4 ,at length she  spoke1 and 

the first words she uttered were1 ,what 
is trump8 ,beattie  mentions a gentleman
 who had a similar attack1 in the year  
#agfa1 from  which he recovered1 but all
 recollection of the four years previous
 to  the attack was gone1 while all that
 had happened in the preceding years    
was accurately recollected4 ,he had to  
refer to the public journals of  the    
forgotten years1 in which he had taken  
great interest at the time1  for        
information about the passing events of 
those years1 and read  the details with 
great satisfaction and surprise4 ,by a  
fall from his  horse1 a gentleman1 who  
was an admirable scholar1 received a    
severe  hurt on the head4 ,he recovered1
 but his learning was gone1 and he had  
actually to commence his education again
 by the very first step1 the  learning  
of the alphabet4 ,a less unfortunate    
scholar1 meeting with a  similar        
accident1 lost none of his acquirements 
but his ,greek2 but it  was irrevocably 
lost4 ,a strange caprice of memory is   

recorded in the  case of ,dr4           
,broussannet4 ,an accident which befell 
him brought on an  attack of apoplexy4  
,when he recovered1 he had utterly lost 
the power  of pronouncing or writing    
proper names1 or any substantive1 while 
his  memory supplied adjectives in      
profusion1 by the application of which  
he  distinguished whatever he wished to 
mention4 ,in speaking of any one1 he    
would designate him by calling him after
 the shape or color for which  he was   
remarkable4 ,if his hair was red1 he    
called him red2 if above  the usual     
height1 he named him tall2 if he wanted 
his hat1 he asked  for his black2 if his
 blue or brown was required1 it was a   
coat  of the color that he called for4  
,the same mode of mentioning plants  was
 that which he made use of4 ,as he was a
 good botanist1 he was well  acquainted 
with a vast number1 but he could never  
call them by their  names4    ,mr4      
,millingen quotes from ,salmuth an      
account of a man who could  pronounce   

words1 though he had forgotten how to   
write them2 and of  another1 who could  
only recollect the first syllable of the
 words  he used4 ,some have confused    
substantives altogether1 calling their  
watch a hat1 and ordering up paper when 
they wanted coals2 others  have         
transposed the letters of the words     
which they intended to  use4 ,a         
musician1 laboring under the partial    
loss of memory1 was  known to call his  
flute a tufle1 thus employing every     
letter in  the right word4 ,curious     
anagrams1 it is stated1 have been made  
in  this way1 and innumerable names for 
persons and things invented4 ,an        
extraordinary case of periodic          
recollection had occurred in an old     
man1 who had forgotten all the events of
 his former life1 unless they  were     
recalled to his memory by some          
occurrence2 yet every night he          
regularly recollected some one          
particular circumstance of his early    
days4 ,there are1 indeed1 very          

extraordinary cases of a sudden rush  of
 recollections4 ,a gentleman with whom  
we are acquainted1 mentioned  that at   
one time he was in imminent danger of   
being drowned1 and that  in the brief   
space of some moments all the events of 
his life were  vividly recalled4 ,there 
have been similar instances2 indeed1    
were we to  transcribe one-third of the 
remarkable cases of the caprice of      
memory1  we should far exceed our       
limits4 ,some very wonderful details are
 given  of those which have been known  
to occur in the somnambulist state4     
,dr4 ,dyce of ,aberdeen describes the   
case of a girl who was subject to  such 
attacks4 ,during these1 she would       
converse with the bystanders1  answering
 their questions4 ,once she went through
 the whole of the  baptismal service of 
the ,church of ,england4 ,on awakening1 
she had no  recollection of what had    
occurred in her state of somnambulism1  
but1  on falling into it again1 she     
would talk over all that had passed and 

been said while it continued4 ,during   
one of these paroxysms1 she was  taken  
to church1 where she appeared to attend 
to the service with great  devotion4    
,she was much affected by the sermon1   
and shed tears at one  passage4 ,when   
restored to the waking state1 she had   
not the faintest  recollection whatever 
of the circumstance2 but1 in the        
following  paroxysm1 her recollection of
 the whole matter was most accurate2 her
  account of it was as vivid as         
possible4 ,not only did she describe    
every  thing1 but she gave the subject  
of the sermon1 repeating verbatim  the  
passage at which she had wept4 ,thus she
 appeared endowed with two              
memories--one for the walking state1 and
 the other for that mysterious  sleep4  
,there are some very affecting cases of 
the partial loss of memory from  sudden 
misfortune and from untoward accidents4 
,the day was fixed for  the marriage of 
a young clergyman and one to whom he was
 most tenderly  attached4 ,two days     

before the appointed time1 he went out  
with a young  friend1 who was going to  
shoot4 ,the gun went off accidentally4  
,he  instantly fell1 and it was found   
that part of the charge had lodged in   
his forehead4 ,for some days his life   
was despaired of2 but at the end  of    
that time he was pronounced out of      
danger4 ,the happiness1 however1  which 
had hung on his existence was forever   
gone4 ,she who had watched  by him night
 and day had a trial more bitter than   
his death3 he was  deranged2 his memory 
retained nothing but the idea of his    
approaching  marriage4 ,every           
recollection1 every thought was absorbed
 in that one  idea4 ,his whole          
conversation related to the             
preparations4 ,he never  would speak on 
any other subject4 ,it was always within
 two days of the  happy time4 ,thus     
years and years went over4 ,youth       
passed1 and still two  days more would  
wed him to her who was fondly loved as  
ever4 ,and thus  he reached his         

eightieth year1 and sunk into the grave4
    ,it has sometimes happened that the 
recollection of a sudden calamity  has  
been lost in the very shock which it has
 produced4 ,a curate of  ,st4 ,sulpice1 
never weary of doing good1 practiced the
 most rigid  self-denial1 that he might 
have the means of serving others4 ,he   
adopted  an ,english orphan boy1 who    
repaid his kindness with a fond         
affection1  which increased every       
year--in short1 they loved like a father
 and a  son4 ,the poor boy was an apt   
scholar1 and his protector took special 
delight in teaching him4 ,but his       
predominant taste was for music1 for    
which he evinced the enthusiasm that    
ever marks genius4 ,his taste was       
cultivated1 for many of those whom the  
curate instructed were the sons  of     
artists1 and were themselves well       
skilled in the delightful art1  and he  
got them to give lessons to his protg4  
,he soon excelled upon  the harp1 and   
his voice1 though not powerful1 was     

capable of all those  touching          
modulations which find their way to the 
heart4 ,accompanied  by the chords1     
which he so well knew how to waken1 more
 enchanting  melody could scarcely be   
heard2 and the poor curate found no more
  delightful relaxation than listening  
to his music2 and the kind old  man felt
 pride as well as delight in the        
progress of his son1 as  he always      
called the young musician4 ,but peace   
and harmony was sadly  interrupted4 ,the
 attachment of the curate to the        
,archbishop of ,arles  was the cause of 
his being thrown into confinement with  
him in the  convent of the ,carmelites4 
,his poor son pined to share the prison 
of  one so much beloved--the one in whom
 all his feelings of affection  and     
gratitude centred4 ,at length his       
entreaties succeeded1 and the  pupil and
 his preceptor were together again4 ,but
 even this melancholy  companionship was
 to be rent asunder4 ,the convent was   
attacked4 ,the  particulars of the      

massacre of the #b;d of ,september1     
#agib1 are too well  known to need      
repetition4 ,some sought concealment    
among the branches  of the trees into   
which they had climbed2 but pikes and   
bullets soon  reached them4 ,the        
archbishop1 attended by thirty of the   
clergy1 went  with steady steps up to   
the altar in the chapel at the end of   
the  garden4 ,it was there that these   
martyrs were sacrificed1 as it has been 
beautifully told by ,mr4 ,alison1 with  
eyes raised to the image of their       
crucified ,redeemer1 and offering a     
prayer for their cruel assassins4  ,poor
 ,capdeville1 the good curate1 it is    
said1 recited at this awful  moment the 
prayers of persons in the last agonies4 
,the youth flew  about the house in a   
state of bewildered distraction1 seeking
 for his  benefactor2 at one moment     
bursting into an agony of tears1 and    
then  uttering the wildest lamentations2
 then1 brushing away his tears1 he      
would listen for some sound which might 

direct him to the spot where  he might  
find his father4 ,some of the neighbors1
 who had been led by  compassion to the 
melancholy scene1 tried to induce the   
boy to escape1  but he pursued his way  
wildly1 till he found his benefactor4   
,nothing  could persuade him to leave   
him4 ,he appeared riveted to the spot1  
and  refused to quit his side4 ,but soon
 after the murder of the archbishop1    
the death-blow was aimed at ,capdeville4
 ,he cast a last look1 full of          
compassion and tenderness1 on the       
beloved boy1 and expired4 ,even as he   
lay1 with his head resting on the step  
of the altar1 it seemed as if he  still 
observed his favorite with looks of     
kindness4 ,the poor child's  mind was   
quite upset4 ,he would not believe him  
dead4 ,he insisted that  he slept4 ,he  
forgot the scene of carnage by which he 
was surrounded4  ,he sat by the bleeding
 corpse for three hours1 expecting every
 moment  that he would awaken4 ,he      
rushed for his harp1 and1 returning to  

his  patron's side1 he played those     
plaintive airs in which he had taken    
especial delight4 ,at length1 worn out  
by watching for the moment of  his      
awaking1 he fell into a profound sleep1 
and the compassionate  people about him 
bore him away and laid him on a bed4    
,the sleep1 or1  more properly speaking1
 the stupor1 continued for forty-eight  
hours4  ,it was thought that when       
consciousness returned he might be      
somewhat  composed2 but his senses were 
never restored4 ,as his affliction met  
with great commiseration1 and as he was 
perfectly harmless1 he was  allowed the 
free range of the house4 ,he would      
remain1 as it were1 in  abstracted      
thought1 pacing silently along the      
apartments1 till the  clock struck      
three2 then he would bound away and     
fetch his harp1 and1  leaning against   
the fragments of the altar1 he would    
play the tunes his  preceptor had loved 
to hear4 ,there was a touching          
expression of anxious  hope in his      

countenance1 but1 when hours passed on1 
it was gradually  succeeded by utter    
sadness4 ,it was observed that at the   
hour of six he  ceased to play1 and     
slowly moving1 he would say1 ,not yet1  
not yet2  but he will soon speak to his 
child2 and then he would throw himself  
on his knees1 and appear for a while    
rapt in devotion1 and1 heaving a  sigh  
as he rose1 he would glide softly about1
 as if fearing to disturb  his friend1  
whom he thought was sleeping2 and then  
he would again fall  into a state of    
abstraction till the next day4 ,how it  
happened that  there was such regularity
 in the time of his commencing and      
ceasing to  play1 has not been          
suggested4 ,it may have been that the   
exact time of  his last interview with  
his friend was impressed upon his mind1 
or it  may have been1 which seems to us 
most likely1 that these were the hours  
in which the poor curate was in the     
habit of seeking the relaxation of      
music to soothe and elevate his spirit  

after the labors of the day4  ,every one
 pitied the poor demented boy1 and could
 not see unmoved how  he clung to       
affection and to hope1 though bereft of 
reason and of  recollection4            
,,bleak ,,house4#d    ,,by ,,charles    
,,dickens4      ,,chapter ,,xx4--,a     
,,new ,,lodger4    ,the long vacation   
saunters on toward term-time1 like an   
idle river very  leisurely strolling    
down a flat country to the sea4 ,mr4    
,guppy saunters  along with it          
congenially4 ,he has blunted the blade  
of his penknife1  and broken the point  
off1 by sticking that instrument into   
his desk in  every direction4 ,not that 
he bears the desk any ill-will1 but he  
must  do something2 and it must be      
something of an unexciting nature1 which
  will lay neither his physical nor his 
intellectual energies under too  heavy  
contribution4 ,he finds that nothing    
agrees with him so well1 as  to make    
little gyrations on one leg of his      
stool1 and stab his desk1  and gape4    

#d ,continued from the ,september       
,number4    ,kenge and ,carboy are out  
of town1 and the articled clerk has     
taken out  a shooting license and gone  
down to his father's1 and ,mr4 ,guppy's 
two  fellow stipendiaries are away on   
leave4 ,mr4 ,guppy1 and ,mr4 ,richard   
,carstone divide the dignity of the     
office4 ,but ,mr4 ,carstone is for the  
time being established in ,kenge's room1
 whereat ,mr4 ,guppy chafes4 ,so        
exceedingly1 that he with biting sarcasm
 informs his mother1 in the             
confidential moments when he sups with  
her off a lobster and lettuce1  in the  
,old ,street ,road1 that he is afraid   
the office is hardly good  enough for   
swells1 and that if he had known there  
was a swell coming1  he would have got  
it painted4    ,mr4 ,guppy suspects     
every body who enters on the occupation 
of a stool  in ,kenge and ,carboy's     
office1 of entertaining1 as a matter of 
course1  sinister designs upon him4 ,he 
is clear that every such person wants   

to depose him4 ,if he be ever asked how1
 why1 when1 or wherefore1  he shuts up  
one eye and shakes his head4 ,on the    
strength of these  profound views1 he in
 the most ingenious manner takes        
infinite pains  to counterplot1 when    
there is no plot2 and plays the deepest 
games of  chess without any adversary4  
,it is a source of much gratification to
 ,mr4 ,guppy1 therefore1 to  find the   
new comer constantly poring over the    
papers in ,jarndyce and  ,jarndyce2 for 
he well knows that nothing but confusion
 and failure  can come of that4 ,his    
satisfaction communicates itself to a   
third  saunterer through the long       
vacation in ,kenge and ,carboy's office2
 to  wit1 ,young ,smallweed4    ,whether
 ,young ,smallweed 7metaphorically      
called ,small and eke ,chick  ,weed1 as 
it were jocularly to express a          
fledgling71 was ever a boy1  is much    
doubted in ,lincoln's ,inn4 ,he is now  
something under fifteen1  and an old    
limb of the law4 ,he is facetiously     

understood to entertain  a passion for a
 lady at a cigar shop1 in the           
neighborhood of ,chancery  ,lane2 and   
for her sake to have broken off a       
contract with another lady1  to whom he 
had been engaged some years4 ,he is a   
town-made article1  of small stature and
 weazen features2 but may be perceived  
from a  considerable distance by means  
of his very tall hat4 ,to become a      
,guppy  is the object of his ambition4  
,he dresses at that gentleman 7by whom  
he is patronized71 talks at him1 walks  
at him1 founds himself entirely  on him4
 ,he is honored with ,mr4 ,guppy's      
particular confidence2 and  occasionally
 advises him1 from the deep wells of his
 experience1 on  difficult points in    
private life4    ,mr4 ,guppy has been   
lolling out of window all the morning1  
after  trying all the stools in         
succession1 and finding none of them    
easy1  and after several times putting  
his head into the iron safe with a      
notion of cooling it4 ,mr4 ,smallweed   

has been twice dispatched for           
effervescent drinks1 and has twice mixed
 them in the two official  tumblers and 
stirred them up with the ruler4 ,mr4    
,guppy propounds1 for  ,mr4 ,smallweed's
 consideration1 the paradox that the    
more you drink the  thirstier you are2  
and reclines his head upon the          
window-sill in a  state of hopeless     
languor4    ,while thus looking out into
 the shade of ,old ,square1 ,lincoln's  
,inn1  surveying the intolerable bricks 
and mortar1 ,mr4 ,guppy becomes         
conscious of a manly whisker emerging   
from the cloistered walk below1  and    
turning itself up in the direction of   
his face4 ,at the same time1  a low     
whistle is wafted through the ,inn1 and 
a suppressed voice cries1  ,hip6 ,guppy6
    ,why1 you don't mean it8 says ,mr4  
,guppy1 aroused4 ,small6 ,here's        
,jobling6 ,small's head looks out of    
window too1 and nods to ,jobling4       
,where have you sprung up from8 inquires
 ,mr4 ,guppy4    ,from the ,market      

,gardens down by ,deptford4 ,i can't    
stand it any longer4  ,i must enlist4 ,i
 say6 ,i wish you'd lend me             
half-a-crown4 ,upon my soul  ,i'm       
hungry4    ,jobling looks hungry1 and   
also has the appearance of having run to
 seed  in the ,market ,gardens down by  
,deptford4    ,i say6 ,just throw out   
half-a-crown1 if you have got one to    
spare4 ,i  want to get some dinner4     
,will you come and dine with me8 says   
,mr4 ,guppy1 throwing out the  coin1    
which ,mr4 ,jobling catches neatly4     
,how long should ,i have to hold out8   
says ,jobling4    ,not half an hour4 ,i 
am only waiting here1 till the enemy    
goes1  returns ,mr4 ,guppy1 butting     
inward with his head4    ,what enemy8   
,a new one4 ,going to be articled4 ,will
 you wait8    ,can you give a fellow any
 thing to read in the mean time8 says   
,mr4  ,jobling4    ,smallweed suggests  
the ,law ,list4 ,but ,mr4 ,jobling      
declares1 with much  earnestness1 that  
he can't stand it4    ,you shall have   

the paper1 says ,mr4 ,guppy4 ,he shall  
bring it down4  ,but you had better not 
be seen about here4 ,sit on our         
staircase and  read4 ,it's a quiet      
place4    ,jobling nods intelligence and
 acquiescence4 ,the sagacious ,smallweed
  supplies him with the newspaper2 and  
occasionally drops his eye upon  him    
from the landing as a precaution against
 his becoming disgusted  with waiting1  
and making an untimely departure4 ,at   
last the enemy  retreats1 and then      
,smallweed fetches ,mr4 ,jobling up4    
,well1 and how are you8 says ,mr4       
,guppy1 shaking hands with him4    ,so1 
so4 ,how are you8    ,mr4 ,guppy        
replying that he is not much to boast   
of1 ,mr4 ,jobling  ventures on the      
question1 ,how is she8 ,this ,mr4 ,guppy
 resents as a  liberty2 retorting1      
,jobling1 there are chords in the human 
mind--  ,jobling begs pardon4    ,any   
subject but that6 says ,mr4 ,guppy1 with
 a gloomy enjoyment of his  injury4 ,for
 there are chords1 ,jobling--    ,mr4   

,jobling begs pardon again4    ,during  
this short colloquy1 the active         
,smallweed1 who is of the dinner  party1
 has written in legal characters on a   
slip of paper1 ,return  immediately4    
,this notification to all whom it may   
concern1 he inserts  in the letter-box2 
and then putting on the tall hat1 at the
 angle of  inclination at which ,mr4    
,guppy wears his1 informs his patron    
that they  may now make themselves      
scarce4    ,accordingly they betake     
themselves to a neighboring             
dining-house1 of  the class known among 
its frequenters by the denomination     
,slap-,bang1  where the waitress1 a     
bouncing young female of forty1 is      
supposed to  have made some impression  
on the susceptible ,smallweed2 of whom  
it may  be remarked that he is a weird  
changeling1 to whom years are nothing4  
,he stands precociously possessed of    
centuries of owlish wisdom4 ,if  he ever
 lay in a cradle1 it seems as if he must
 have lain there in a  tail-coat4 ,he   

has an old1 old eye1 has ,smallweed2 and
 he drinks1 and  smokes1 in a monkeyish 
way2 and his neck is stiff in his       
collar2 and he  is never to be taken in2
 and he knows all about it1 whatever it 
is4 ,in  short1 in his bringing up1 he  
has been so nursed by ,law and ,equity  
that  he has become a kind of fossil    
,imp1 to account for whose terrestrial  
existence it is reported at the public  
offices that his father was ,john  ,doe1
 and his mother the only female member  
of the ,roe family2 also that  his first
 long-clothes were made from a blue bag4
    ,into the ,dining ,house1 unaffected
 by the seductive show in the window1   
of artificially whitened cauliflowers   
and poultry1 verdant baskets of  peas1  
coolly blooming cucumbers1 and joints   
ready for the spit1 ,mr4  ,smallweed    
leads the way4 ,they know him there1 and
 defer to him4 ,he has  his favorite    
box1 he bespeaks all the papers1 he is  
down upon bald  patriarchs1 who keep    
them more than ten minutes afterward4   

,it is of  no use trying him with any   
thing less than a full-sized bread1 or  
proposing to him any joint in cut1      
unless it is in the very best cut4  ,in 
the matter of gravy he is adamant4      
,conscious of his elfin power1 and      
submitting to his dread experience1     
,mr4 ,guppy consults him in the choice  
of that day's banquet2 turning  an      
appealing look toward him as the        
waitress repeats the catalogue  of      
viands1 and saying ,what do you take1   
,chick8 ,chick1 out of the  profundity  
of his artfulness1 preferring veal and  
ham and ,french  beans--,and don't you  
forget the stuffing1 ,polly1 7with an   
unearthly  cock of his venerable eye72  
,mr4 ,guppy and ,mr4 ,jobling give the  
like  order4 ,three pint pots of        
half-and-half are super-added4 ,quickly 
the  waitress returns1 bearing what is  
apparently a model of the tower of      
,babel1 but what is really a pile of    
plates and flat tin dish-covers4  ,mr4  
,smallweed1 approving of what is set    

before him1 conveys intelligent         
benignity into his ancient eye1 and     
winks upon her4 ,then1 amid a  constant 
coming in1 and going out1 and running   
about1 and a clatter of  crockery1 and a
 rumbling up and down of the machine    
which brings the  nice cuts from the    
kitchen1 and a shrill crying for more   
nice cuts down  the speaking-pipe1 and a
 shrill reckoning of the cost of nice   
cuts that  have been disposed of1 and a 
general flush and steam of hot joints1  
cut  and uncut1 and a considerably      
heated atmosphere in which the soiled   
knives and table-cloths seem to break   
out spontaneously into eruptions  of    
grease and blotches of beer1 the legal  
triumvirate appease their  appetites4   
,mr4 ,jobling is buttoned up closer than
 mere adornment might require4  ,his hat
 presents at the rims a peculiar        
appearance of a glistening  nature1 as  
if it had been a favorite               
snail-promenade4 ,the same  phenomenon  
is visible on some parts of his coat1   

and particularly at  the seams4 ,he has 
the faded appearance of a gentleman in  
embarrassed  circumstances2 even his    
light whiskers droop with something of a
 shabby  air4    ,his appetite is so    
vigorous1 that it suggests spare living 
for some  little time back4 ,he makes   
such a speedy end of his plate of veal  
and  ham1 bringing it to a close while  
his companions are yet midway in        
theirs1 that ,mr4 ,guppy proposes       
another4 ,thank you1 ,guppy1 says ,mr4  
,jobling1 ,i really don't know but what 
,i will take another4    ,another being 
brought1 he falls to with great         
good-will4    ,mr4 ,guppy takes silent  
notice of him at intervals1 until he is 
half way  through this second plate and 
stops to take an enjoying pull at his   
pint pot of half-and-half 7also         
renewed71 and stretches out his legs    
and rubs his hands4 ,beholding him in   
which glow of contentment1 ,mr4  ,guppy 
says3    ,you are a man again1 ,tony6   
,illustration3 ,,mr4 ,,guppy',s         

,,entertainment4    ,well1 not quite1   
yet1 says ,mr4 ,jobling4 ,say1 just     
born4    ,will you take any other       
vegetables8 ,grass8 ,peas8 ,summer      
cabbage8    ,thank you1 ,guppy1 says    
,mr4 ,jobling4 ,i really don't know but 
what ,i  will take summer cabbage4      
,order given2 with the sarcastic        
addition 7from ,mr4 ,smallweed7 of      
,without slugs1 ,polly6 ,and cabbage    
produced4    ,i am growing up1 ,guppy1  
says ,mr4 ,jobling1 plying his knife and
 fork  with a relishing steadiness4     
,glad to hear it4    ,in fact1 ,i have  
just turned into my teens1 says ,mr4    
,jobling4    ,he says no more until he  
has performed his task1 which he        
achieves as  ,messrs4 ,guppy and        
,smallweed finish theirs2 thus getting  
over the ground  in excellent style1 and
 beating those two gentlemen easily by a
 veal  and ham and a cabbage4    ,now1  
,small1 says ,mr4 ,guppy1 what would you
 recommend about pastry8    ,marrow     
puddings1 says ,mr4 ,smallweed          

instantly4    ,ay1 ay6 cries ,mr4       
,jobling1 with an arch look4 ,you're    
there1 are you8  ,thank you1 ,guppy1 ,i 
don't know but what ,i will take a      
marrow pudding4    ,three marrow        
puddings being produced1 ,mr4 ,jobling  
adds1 in a pleasant  humor1 that he is  
coming of age fast4 ,to these succeed1  
by command of  ,mr4 ,smallweed1 three   
,cheshires2 and to those1 three small   
rums4  ,this apex of the entertainment  
happily reached1 ,mr4 ,jobling puts up  
his  legs on the carpeted seat 7having  
his own side of the box to himself71    
leans against the wall1 and says1 ,i am 
grown up1 now1 ,guppy4 ,i have  arrived 
at maturity4    ,what do you think1 now1
 says ,mr4 ,guppy1 about--you don't mind
  ,smallweed8    ,not the least in the  
world4 ,i have the pleasure of drinking 
his good  health4    ,sir1 to you6 says 
,mr4 ,smallweed4    ,i was saying1 what 
do you think now1 pursues ,mr4 ,guppy1  
of  enlisting8    ,why1 what ,i may     
think after dinner1 returns ,mr4        

,jobling1 is one  thing1 my dear ,guppy1
 and what ,i may think before dinner is 
another  thing4 ,still1 even after      
dinner1 ,i ask myself the question1     
,what am ,i  to do8 ,how am ,i to live8 
,ill fo manger1 you know1 says ,mr4     
,jobling1  pronouncing that word as if  
he meant a necessary fixture in an      
,english  stable4 ,ill fo manger4       
,that's the ,french saying1 and         
mangering is as  necessary to me as it  
is to a ,frenchman4 ,or more so4    ,mr4
 ,smallweed is decidedly of opinion much
 more so4    ,if any man had told me1   
pursues ,jobling1 even so lately as when
 you  and ,i had the frisk down in      
,lincolnshire1 ,guppy1 and drove over to
 see  that house at ,castle ,wold--     
,mr4 ,smallweed corrects him3 ,chesney  
,wold4    ,chesney ,wold4 7,i thank my  
honorable friend for that cheer47 ,if   
any man  had told me1 then1 that ,i     
should be as hard up at the present time
 as ,i  literally find myself1 ,i should
 have--well1 ,i should have pitched into

  him1 says ,mr4 ,jobling1 taking a     
little rum-and-water with an air of     
desperate resignation2 ,i should have   
let fly at his head4    ,still1 ,tony1  
you were on the wrong side of the post  
then1  remonstrates ,mr4 ,guppy4 ,you   
were talking about nothing else in the  
gig4    ,guppy1 says ,mr4 ,jobling1 ,i  
will not deny it4 ,i was on the wrong   
side  of the post4 ,but ,i trusted to   
things coming round4    ,that very      
popular trust in flat things coming     
round6 ,not in their being  beaten      
round1 or worked round1 but in their    
coming round6 ,as though a  lunatic     
should trust in the world's coming      
triangular6    ,i had confident         
expectations that things would come     
round and be all  square1 says ,mr4     
,jobling1 with some vagueness of        
expression1 and  perhaps of meaning1    
too4 ,but ,i was disappointed4 ,they    
never did4 ,and  when it came to        
creditors making rows at the office1 and
 to people  that the office dealt with  

making complaints about dirty trifles of
  borrowed money1 why there was an end  
of that connection4 ,and of any  new    
professional connection1 too2 for if ,i 
was to give a reference  to-morrow1 it  
would be mentioned1 and would sew me up4
 ,then1 what's a  fellow to do8 ,i have 
been keeping out of the way1 and living 
cheap1  down about the market-gardens2  
but what's the use of living cheap when 
you have got no money8 ,you might as    
well live dear4    ,better1 ,mr4        
,smallweed thinks4    ,certainly4 ,it's 
the fashionable way2 and fashion and    
whiskers have  been my weaknesses1 and  
,i don't care who knows it1 says ,mr4   
,jobling4  ,they are great              
weaknesses--,damme1 sir1 they are great4
 ,well6 proceeds  ,mr4 ,jobling1 after a
 defiant visit to his rum-and-water1    
what can a  fellow do1 ,i ask you1 but  
enlist8    ,mr4 ,guppy comes more fully 
into the conversation1 to state what1 in
  his opinion1 a fellow can do4 ,his    
manner is the gravely impressive  manner

 of a man who has not committed himself 
in life1 otherwise than  as he has      
become the victim of a tender sorrow of 
the heart4    ,jobling1 says ,mr4       
,guppy1 myself and our mutual friend    
,smallweed--    7,mr4 ,smallweed        
modestly observes1 ,gentlemen both6 and 
drinks47    ,have had a little          
conversation on this matter more than   
once1 since  you--    ,say1 got the     
sack6 cries ,mr4 ,jobling1 bitterly4    
,say it1 ,guppy4 ,you  mean it4         
,n-o-o6 ,left the ,inn1 ,mr4 ,smallweed 
delicately suggests4    ,since you left 
the ,inn1 ,jobling1 says ,mr4 ,guppy2   
and ,i have  mentioned1 to our mutual   
friend ,smallweed1 a plan ,i have lately
 thought  of proposing4 ,you know       
,snagsby1 the stationer8    ,i know     
there is such a stationer1 returns ,mr4 
,jobling4 ,he was not  ours1 and ,i am  
not acquainted with him4    ,he is ours1
 ,jobling1 and ,i am acquainted with    
him1 ,mr4 ,guppy  retorts4 ,well1 sir6  
,i have lately become better acquainted 

with him1  through some accidental      
circumstances that have made me a       
visitor of  his in private life4 ,those 
circumstances it is not necessary to    
offer  in argument4 ,they may--or they  
may not--have some reference to a       
subject1 which may--or may not--have    
cast its shadow on my existence4    ,as 
it is ,mr4 ,guppy's perplexing way1 with
 boastful misery to tempt his           
particular friends into this subject1   
and the moment they touch it1  to turn  
on them with that trenchant severity    
about the chords in the  human mind2    
both ,mr4 ,jobling and ,mr4 ,smallweed  
decline the pitfall1 by  remaining      
silent4    ,such things may be1 repeats 
,mr4 ,guppy1 or they may not be4 ,they  
are no part of the case4 ,it is enough  
to mention1 that both ,mr4 and  ,mrs4   
,snagsby are very willing to oblige me2 
and that ,snagsby has1  in busy times1 a
 good deal of copying work to give out4 
,he has all  ,tulkinghorn's1 and an     
excellent business besides4 ,i believe1 

if our  mutual friend ,smallweed were   
put into the box1 he could prove this8  
,mr4 ,smallweed nods1 and appears greedy
 to be sworn4    ,now1 gentlemen of the 
jury1 says ,mr4 ,guppy1 --,i mean1 now  
,jobling--you may say this is a poor    
prospect of a living4 ,granted4 ,but    
it's better than nothing1 and better    
than enlistment4 ,you want time4  ,there
 must be time for these late affairs to 
blow over4 ,you might live  through it  
on much worse terms than by writing for 
,snagsby4    ,mr4 ,jobling is about to  
interrupt1 when the sagacious ,smallweed
 checks  him with a dry cough1 and the  
words1 ,hem6 ,shakspeare6    ,there are 
two branches to this subject1 ,jobling1 
says ,mr4 ,guppy4  ,that is the first4  
,i come to the second4 ,you know ,krook1
 the  ,chancellor1 across the lane4     
,come1 ,jobling1 says ,mr4 ,guppy1 in   
his  encouraging cross-examination tone1
 ,i think you know ,krook1 the          
,chancellor1 across the lane8    ,i know
 him by sight1 says ,mr4 ,jobling4      

,you know him by sight4 ,very well4 ,and
 you know little ,flite8    ,every body 
knows her1 says ,mr4 ,jobling4    ,every
 body knows her4 ,very well4 ,now it has
 been one of my duties  of late1 to pay 
,flite a certain weekly allowance1      
deducting from it  the amount of her    
weekly rent3 which ,i have paid 7in     
consequence of  instructions ,i have    
received7 to ,krook himself1 regularly1 
in her  presence4 ,this has brought me  
into communication with ,krook1 and into
  a knowledge of his house and his      
habits4 ,i know he has a room to let4   
,you may live there1 at a very low      
charge1 under any name you like2 as     
quietly as if you were a hundred miles  
off4 ,he'll ask no questions2  and would
 accept you as a tenant1 at a word from 
me--before the clock  strikes1 if you   
chose4 ,and ,i'll tell you another      
thing1 ,jobling1 says  ,mr4 ,guppy1 who 
has suddenly lowered his voice1 and     
become familiar  again1 he's an         
extraordinary old chap--always rummaging

 among a litter  of papers1 and grubbing
 away at teaching himself to read and   
write2  without getting on a bit1 as it 
seems to me4 ,he is a most extraordinary
  old chap1 sir4 ,i don't know but what 
it might be worth a fellow's while  to  
look him up a bit4    ,you don't mean--8
 ,mr4 ,jobling begins4    ,i mean1      
returns ,mr4 ,guppy1 shrugging his      
shoulders with becoming  modesty1 that  
,i can't make him out4 ,i appeal to our 
mutual friend  ,smallweed1 whether he   
has or has not heard me remark1 that ,i 
can't make  him out4    ,mr4 ,smallweed 
bears the concise testimony1 ,a few6    
,i have seen something of the           
profession1 and something of life1      
,tony1  says ,mr4 ,guppy1 and it's      
seldom ,i can't make a man out more or  
less4  ,but such an old card as this2 so
 deep1 so sly1 and secret 7though ,i    
don't believe he is ever sober27 ,i     
never came across4 ,now1 he must  be    
precious old1 you know1 and he has not a
 soul about him1 and he  is reported to 

be immensely rich2 and whether he is a  
smuggler1 or a  receiver1 or an         
unlicensed pawnbroker1 or a             
money-lender--all of which  ,i have     
thought likely at different times--it   
might pay you to knock up  a sort of    
knowledge of him4 ,i don't see why you  
shouldn't go in for it  when every thing
 else suits4    ,mr4 ,jobling1 ,mr4     
,guppy1 and ,mr4 ,smallweed1 all lean   
their elbows on the  table1 and their   
chins upon their hands1 and look at the 
ceiling4 ,after  a time1 they all drink1
 slowly lean back1 put their hands in   
their  pockets1 and look at one another4
    ,if ,i had the energy ,i once       
possessed1 ,tony6 says ,mr4 ,guppy with 
a  sigh4 ,but there are chords in the   
human mind--    ,expressing the         
remainder of the desolate sentiment in  
rum and water1  ,mr4 ,guppy concludes by
 resigning the adventure to ,tony       
,jobling1 and  informing him that1      
during the vacation and while things are
 slack1  his purse1 as far as three or  

four or even five pound goes1 will be   
at his disposal4 ,for never shall it be 
said1 ,mr4 ,guppy adds with  emphasis1  
that ,william ,guppy turned his back    
upon his friend6    ,the latter part of 
the proposal is so directly to the      
purpose1 that  ,mr4 ,jobling says with  
emotion1 ,guppy1 my trump1 your fist6   
,mr4 ,guppy  presents it1 saying1       
,jobling1 my boy1 there it is6 ,mr4     
,jobling  returns4 ,guppy1 we have been 
pals now for some years6 ,mr4 ,guppy    
replies1 ,jobling1 we have4 ,they then  
shake hands1 and ,mr4 ,jobling  adds in 
a feeling manner1 ,thank you1 ,guppy1 ,i
 don't know but what ,i  will take      
another glass for old acquaintance sake4
    ,krook's last lodger died there1    
observes ,mr4 ,guppy1 in an incidental  
way4    ,did he though6 says ,mr4       
,jobling4    ,there was a verdict4      
,accidental death4 ,you don't mind that8
    ,no1 says ,mr4 ,jobling1 ,i don't   
mind it2 but he might as well have  died
 somewhere else4 ,it's devilish odd that

 he need go and die at my  place6 ,mr4  
,jobling quite resents this liberty2    
several times returning  to it with such
 remarks as1 ,there are places enough to
 die in1 ,i  should think6 or1 ,he      
wouldn't have liked my dying at his     
place1 ,i  dare say6    ,however1 the   
compact being virtually made1 ,mr4      
,guppy proposes to  dispatch the trusty 
,smallweed to ascertain if ,mr4 ,krook  
is at home1  as in that case they may   
complete the negotiation without delay4 
,mr4  ,jobling approving1 ,smallweed    
puts himself under the tall hat and     
conveys it out of the dining-rooms in   
the ,guppy manner4 ,he soon returns     
with the intelligence that ,mr4 ,krook  
is at home1 and that he has seen  him   
through the shop-door1 sitting in his   
back premises1 sleeping1  like one      
o'clock4    ,then ,i'll pay1 says ,mr4  
,guppy1 and we'll go and see him4       
,small1 what  will it be8    ,mr4       
,smallweed1 compelling the attendance of
 the waitress with one hitch  of his    

eyelash1 instantly replies as follows3  
,four veals and hams is  three and four 
potatoes is three and four and one      
summer cabbage is  three and six and    
three marrows is four and six and six   
breads is five  and three ,cheshires is 
five and three and four pints of        
half-and-half  is six and three and four
 small rums is eight and three and three
  ,pollys is eight and six4 ,eight and  
six in half a sovereign1 ,polly1 and    
eighteen-pence out6    ,not at all      
excited by these stupendous             
calculations1 ,smallweed  dismisses his 
friends1 with a cool nod1 and remains   
behind to take a  little admiring notice
 of ,polly1 as opportunity may serve1   
and to read  the daily papers3 which are
 so very large in proportion to himself1
  shorn of his hat1 that when he holds  
up ,the ,times to run his eye over  the 
columns1 he seems to have retired for   
the night1 and to have  disappeared     
under the bedclothes4    ,mr4 ,guppy and
 ,mr4 ,jobling repair to the rag and    

bottle shop1 where they  find ,krook    
still sleeping like one o'clock2 that is
 to say1 breathing  stertorously with   
his chin upon his breast1 and quite     
insensible to  any external sounds1 or  
even to gentle shaking4 ,on the table   
beside  him1 among the usual lumber1    
stand an empty gin bottle and glass4    
,the  unwholesome air is so stained with
 this liquor1 that even the green  eyes 
of the cat upon her shelf1 as they open 
and shut and glimmer on  the visitors1  
look drunk4    ,hold up here6 says ,mr4 
,guppy1 giving the relaxed figure of the
 old  man another shake4 ,mr4 ,krook6   
,halloa1 sir6    ,but it would seem as  
easy to wake a bundle of old clothes1   
with a  spirituous heat smouldering in  
it4 ,did you ever see such a stupor as  
he falls into1 between drink and sleep8 
says ,mr4 ,guppy4    ,if this is his    
regular sleep1 returns ,jobling1 rather 
alarmed1 it'll  last a long time one of 
these days1 ,i am thinking4    ,it's    
always more like a fit than a nap1 says 

,mr4 ,guppy1 shaking him  again4        
,halloa1 your lordship6 ,why he might be
 robbed1 fifty times  over6 ,open your  
eyes6    ,after much ado1 he opens them1
 but without appearing to see his       
visitors1 or any other objects4 ,though 
he crosses one leg on another1  and     
folds his hands1 and several times      
closes and opens his parched  lips1 he  
seems to all intents and purposes as    
insensible as before4    ,he is alive at
 any rate1 says ,mr4 ,guppy4 ,how are   
you1 my ,lord  ,chancellor4 ,i have     
brought a friend of mine1 sir1 on a     
little matter of  business4    ,the old 
man still sits1 often smacking his dry  
lips1 without the least  consciousness4 
,after some minutes1 he makes an attempt
 to rise4 ,they  help him up1 and he    
staggers against the wall1 and stares at
 them4    ,how do you do1 ,mr4 ,krook8  
says ,mr4 ,guppy1 in some discomfiture4 
,how  do you do sir8 ,you are looking   
charming1 ,mr4 ,krook4 ,i hope you are  
pretty well8    ,the old man1 in aiming 

a purposeless blow at ,mr4 ,guppy1 or at
 nothing1  feebly swings himself round1 
and comes with his face against the     
wall4  ,so he remains for a minute or   
two1 heaped up against it2 and then     
staggers down the shop to the front     
door4 ,the air1 the movement in the     
court1 the lapse of time1 or the        
combination of these things1 recovers   
him4 ,he comes back pretty steadily1    
adjusting his fur cap on his head1  and 
looking keenly at them4    ,your        
servant1 gentlemen2 ,i've been dozing4  
,hi6 ,i am hard to wake1 odd  times4    
,rather so1 indeed1 sir1 responds ,mr4  
,guppy4    ,what8 ,you've been a-trying 
to do it1 have you8 says the suspicious 
,krook4    ,only a little1 ,mr4 ,guppy  
explains4    ,the old man's eye resting 
on the empty bottle1 he takes it up1    
examines  it1 and slowly tilts it upside
 down4    ,i say6 he cries1 like the    
,hobgoblin in the story4 ,somebody's    
been  making free here6    ,i assure you
 we found it so1 says ,mr4 ,guppy4      

,would you allow me to  get it filled   
for you8    ,yes1 certainly ,i would6   
cries ,krook1 in high glee4 ,certainly  
,i  would6 ,don't mention it6 ,get it   
filled next door--,sol's ,arms--the     
,lord  ,chancellor's fourteenpenny4     
,bless you1 they know me6    ,he so     
presses the empty bottle upon ,mr4      
,guppy1 that that gentleman1  with a nod
 to his friend1 accepts the trust1 and  
hurries out and  hurries in again with  
the bottle filled4 ,the old man receives
 it in his  arms like a beloved         
grandchild1 and pats it tenderly4       
,but1 ,i say6 he whispers1 with his eye 
screwed up1 after tasting  it1 this     
ain't the ,lord ,chancellor's           
fourteenpenny4 ,this is  eighteen-penny6
    ,i thought you might like that      
better1 says ,mr4 ,guppy4    ,you're a  
nobleman1 sir1 returns ,krook1 with     
another taste--and his  hot breath seems
 to come toward them like a flame4      
,you're a baron of  the land4    ,taking
 advantage of this auspicious moment1   

,mr4 ,guppy presents his  friend under  
the impromptu name of ,mr4 ,weevle1 and 
states the object  of their visit4      
,krook1 with his bottle under his arm   
7he never gets  beyond a certain point  
of either drunkenness or sobriety71     
takes time  to survey his proposed      
lodger1 and seems to approve of him4    
,you'd  like to see the room1 young man8
 he says4 ,ah6 ,it's a good room6 ,been 
whitewashed4 ,been cleaned down with    
soft soap and soda4 ,hi6 ,it's worth    
twice the rent2 letting alone my company
 when you want it1 and such a  cat to   
keep the mice away4    ,commending the  
room after this manner1 the old man     
takes them  up-stairs1 where indeed they
 do find it cleaner than it used to be1 
and also containing some old articles of
 furniture which he has dug up  from his
 inexhaustible stores4 ,the terms are   
easily concluded--for the  ,lord        
,chancellor can not be hard on ,mr4     
,guppy1 associated as he is with  ,kenge
 and ,carboy1 ,jarndyce and ,jarndyce1  

and other famous claims on his          
professional consideration--and it is   
agreed that ,mr4 ,weevle shall take     
possession on the morrow4    ,mr4       
,weevle and ,mr4 ,guppy then repair to  
,cook's ,court1 ,cursitor ,street1      
where the personal introduction of the  
former to ,mr4 ,snagsby is  effected1   
and 7more important7 the vote and       
interest of ,mrs4 ,snagsby  are secured4
 ,they then report progress to the      
eminent ,smallweed1  waiting at the     
office in his tall hat for that purpose1
 and separate2  ,mr4 ,guppy explaining  
that he would terminate his little      
entertainment  by standing treat at the 
play1 but that there are chords in the  
human  mind which would render it a     
hollow mockery4    ,on the morrow1 in   
the dusk of evening1 ,mr4 ,weevle       
modestly appears at  ,krook's1 by no    
means incommoded with luggage1 and      
establishes himself  in his new lodging2
 where the two eyes in the shutters     
stare at him in  his sleep1 as if they  

were full of wonder4 ,on the following  
day ,mr4  ,weevle1 who is a handy       
good-for-nothing kind of young fellow1  
borrows  a needle and thread of ,miss   
,flite1 and a hammer of his landlord1   
and  goes to work devising apologies for
 window-curtains1 and knocking up       
apologies for shelves1 and hanging up   
his two tea-cups1 milk-pot1 and         
crockery sundries on a pennyworth of    
little hooks1 like a shipwrecked  sailor
 making the best of it4    ,but what    
,mr4 ,weevle prizes most1 of all his few
 possessions 7next  after his light     
whiskers1 for which he has an attachment
 that only  whiskers can awaken in the  
breast of man71 is a choice collection  
of  copper-plate impressions from that  
truly national work1 ,the ,divinities   
of ,albion1 or ,galaxy ,gallery of      
,british ,beauty1 representing ladies of
  title and fashion in every variety of 
smirk that art1 combined with  capital1 
is capable of producing4 ,with these    
magnificent portraits1  unworthily      

confined in a band-box during his       
seclusion among the  market-gardens1 he 
decorates his apartment2 and as the     
,galaxy ,gallery  of ,british ,beauty   
wears every variety of fancy-dress1     
plays every  variety of musical         
instrument1 fondles every variety of    
dog1 ogles  every variety of prospect1  
and is backed up by every variety of    
flower-pot and balustrade1 the result is
 very imposing4    ,but fashion is ,mr4 
,weevle's1 as it was ,tony ,jobling's   
weakness4 ,to  borrow yesterday's paper 
from the ,sols' ,arms of an evening1 and
 read  about the brilliant and          
distinguished meteors that are shooting 
across  the fashionable sky in every    
direction1 is unspeakable consolation to
  him4 ,to know what member of what     
brilliant and distinguished circle      
accomplished the brilliant and          
distinguished feat of joining it        
yesterday1 or contemplates the no less  
brilliant and distinguished feat  of    
leaving it to-morrow1 gives him a thrill

 of joy4 ,to be informed what  the      
,galaxy ,gallery of ,british ,beauty is 
about and means to be about1  and what  
,galaxy marriages are on the tapis1 and 
what ,galaxy rumors  are in circulation1
 is to become acquainted with the most  
glorious  destinies of mankind4 ,mr4    
,weevle reverts from this intelligence1 
to the  ,galaxy portraits implicated2   
and seems to know the originals1 and to 
be  known of them4    ,for the rest he  
is a quiet lodger1 full of handy shifts 
and devices  as before mentioned1 able  
to cook and clean for himself as well as
  to carpenter1 and developing social   
inclinations after the shades  of       
evening have fallen on the court4 ,at   
those times1 when he is not  visited by 
,mr4 ,guppy1 or by a small light in his 
likeness quenched in  a dark hat1 he    
comes out of his dull room--where he has
 inherited the  deal wilderness of desk 
bespattered with a rain of ink--and     
talks to  ,krook1 or is very free1 as   
they call it in the court1 commendingly1

  with any one disposed for             
conversation4 ,wherefore1 ,mrs4 ,piper1 
who  leads the court1 is impelled to    
offer two remarks to ,mrs4 ,perkins3    
,firstly1 that if her ,johnny was to    
have whiskers1 she could wish 'em to  be
 identically like that young man's2 and 
secondly1 ,mark my words1 ,mrs4         
,perkins1 ma'am1 and don't you be       
surprised1 ,lord bless you1 if that     
young man comes in at last for old      
,krook's money6      ,,chapter          
,,xxi4--,,the ,,smallweed ,,family4     
,in a rather ill-favored and ill-savored
 neighborhood1 though one of its  rising
 grounds bears the name of ,mount       
,pleasant1 the ,elfin ,smallweed1       
christened ,bartholomew1 and known on   
the domestic hearth as ,bart1  passes   
that limited portion of his time on     
which the office and its  contingencies 
have no claim4 ,he dwells in a little   
narrow street1  always solitary1 shady1 
and sad1 closely bricked in on all sides
 like  a tomb1 but where there yet      

lingers the stump of an old forest tree1
  whose flavor is about as fresh and    
natural as the ,smallweed smack of      
youth4    ,there has been only one child
 in the ,smallweed family for several   
generations4 ,little old men and women  
there have been1 but no child1  until   
,mr4 ,smallweed's grandmother1 now      
living1 became weak in her  intellect1  
and fell 7for the first time7 into a    
childish state4  ,with such infantine   
graces as a total want of observation1  
memory1  understanding and interest1 and
 an eternal disposition to fall asleep  
over the fire and into it1 ,mr4         
,smallweed's grandmother has undoubtedly
  brightened the family4    ,mr4        
,smallweed's grandfather is likewise of 
the party4 ,he is in a  helpless        
condition as to his lower1 and nearly so
 as to his upper  limbs2 but his mind is
 unimpaired4 ,it holds1 as well as it   
ever held1  the first four rules of     
arithmetic1 and a certain small         
collection of  the hardest facts4 ,in   

respect of ideality1 reverence1 wonder1 
and other  such phrenological           
attributes1 it is no worse off than it  
used to be4  ,every thing that ,mr4     
,smallweed's grandfather ever put away  
in his mind  was a grub at first1 and is
 a grub at last4 ,in all his life he has
  never bred a single butterfly4    ,the
 father of this pleasant grandfather of 
the neighborhood of ,mount  ,pleasant   
was a horny-skinned1 two-legged1        
money-getting species  of spider1 who   
spun webs to catch unwary flies1 and    
retired into  holes until they were     
entrapped4 ,the name of this old pagan's
 ,god  was ,compound ,interest4 ,he     
lived for it1 married it1 died of it4   
,meeting with a heavy loss in an honest 
little enterprise in which  all the loss
 was intended to have been on the other 
side1 he broke  something--something    
necessary to his existence2 therefore it
 couldn't  have been his heart--and made
 an end of his career4 ,as his character
  was not good2 and he had been bred at 

a ,charity ,school1 in a complete       
course1 according to question and       
answer1 of those ancient people the     
,amorites and ,hittites2 he was         
frequently quoted as an example of the  
failure of education4    ,his spirit    
shone through his son1 to whom he had   
always preached  of going out1 early in 
life1 and whom he made a clerk in a     
sharp  scrivener's office at twelve     
years old4 ,there1 the young gentleman  
improved his mind1 which was of a lean  
and anxious character2 and1  developing 
the family gifts1 gradually elevated    
himself into the  discounting           
profession4 ,going out early in life and
 marrying late1 as  his father had done 
before him1 he too begat a lean and     
anxious-minded  son2 who1 in his turn1  
going out early in life and marrying    
late1  became the father of ,bartholomew
 and ,judith ,smallweed1 twins4 ,during 
the whole time consumed in the slow     
growth of this family tree1 the  house  
of ,smallweed1 always early to go out   

and late to marry1 has  strengthened    
itself in its practical character1 has  
discarded all  amusements1              
discountenanced all story-books1 fairy  
tales1 fictions1  and fables1 and       
banished all levities whatsoever4 ,hence
 the gratifying  fact1 that it has had  
no child born to it2 and that the       
complete little  men and women whom it  
has produced1 have been observed to bear
 a  likeness to old monkeys with        
something depressing on their minds4    
,at the present time1 in the dark little
 parlor certain feet below the  level of
 the street--a grim1 hard1 uncouth      
parlor1 only ornamented  with the       
coarsest of baize table-covers1 and the 
hardest of sheet iron  tea-trays1 and   
offering in its decorative character no 
bad allegorical  representation of      
,grandfather ,smallweed's mind--seated  
in two black  horsehair porter's chairs1
 one on each side of the fire-place1 the
  superannuated ,mr4 and ,mrs4          
,smallweed wile away the rosy hours4 ,on

 the  stove are a couple of trivets for 
the pots and kettles which it is        
,grandfather ,smallweed's usual         
occupation to watch1 and projecting from
  the chimney-piece between them is a   
sort of brass gallows for roasting1     
which he also superintends when it is in
 action4 ,under the venerable  ,mr4     
,smallweed's seat1 and guarded by his   
spindle legs1 is a drawer in  his chair1
 reported to contain property to a      
fabulous amount4 ,beside  him is a spare
 cushion1 with which he is always       
provided1 in order  that he may have    
something to throw at the venerable     
partner of his  respected age when ever 
she makes an allusion to money--a       
subject on  which he is particularly    
sensitive4    ,and where's ,bart8       
,grandfather ,smallweed inquires of     
,judy1 ,bart's  twin-sister4    ,he an't
 come in yet1 says ,judy4    ,it's his  
tea-time1 isn't it8    ,no4    ,how much
 do you mean to say it wants then8      
,ten minutes4    ,hey8    ,ten          

minutes4--7,loud on the part of ,judy47 
,illustration3 ,,the ,,smallweed        
,,family4    ,ho6 says ,grandfather     
,smallweed4 ,ten minutes4               
,grandmother ,smallweed1 who has been   
mumbling and shaking her head at  the   
trevets1 hearing figures mentioned1     
connects them with money1  and          
screeches1 like a horrible old parrot   
without any plumage1 ,ten  ten-pound    
notes6    ,grandfather ,smallweed       
immediately throws the cushion at her4  
,drat you1 be quiet6 says the old man4  
,the effect of this act of jaculation is
 twofold4 ,it not only doubles  up ,mrs4
 ,smallweed's head against the side of  
her porter's chair1 and  causes her to  
present1 when extricated by her         
grand-daughter1 a highly  unbecoming    
state of cap1 but the necessary exertion
 recoils on ,mr4  ,smallweed himself1   
whom it throws back into his porter's   
chair1 like  a broken puppet4 ,the      
excellent old gentleman being1 at these 
times1  a mere clothes-bag with a black 

skull-cap on the top of it1 does not    
present a very animated appearance until
 he has undergone the two  operations at
 the hands of his grand-daughter1 of    
being shaken up  like a great bottle1   
and poked and punched like a great      
bolster4 ,some  indication of a neck    
being developed in him by these means1  
he and the  sharer of his life's evening
 again sit fronting one another in their
  two porter's chairs1 like a couple of 
sentinels long forgotten on their  post 
by the ,black ,sergeant ,death4    ,judy
 the twin is worthy company for these   
associates4 ,she is so  indubitably     
sister to ,mr4 ,smallweed the younger1  
that the two kneaded  into one would    
hardly make a young person of average   
proportions2 while  she so happily      
exemplifies the before-mentioned family 
likeness to the  monkey tribe1 that1    
attired in a spangled robe and cap1 she 
might walk  about the table-land on the 
top of a barrel-organ without exciting  
much  remark as an unusual specimen4    

,under existing circumstances1 however1 
she is dressed in a plain1 spare gown of
 brown stuff4    ,judy never owned a    
doll1 never heard of ,cinderella1 never 
played at  any game4 ,she once or twice 
fell into children's company when she   
was  about ten years old1 but the       
children couldn't get on with ,judy1 and
  ,judy couldn't get on with them4 ,she 
seemed like an animal of another        
species1 and there was instinctive      
repugnance on both sides4 ,it is  very  
doubtful whether ,judy knows how to     
laugh4 ,she has so rarely seen  the     
thing done1 that the probabilities are  
strong the other way4 ,of  any thing    
like a youthful laugh1 she certainly can
 have no conception4  ,if she were to   
try one1 she would find her teeth in her
 way2 modeling  that action of her face1
 as she has unconsciously modeled all   
its other  expressions1 on her pattern  
of sordid age4 ,such is ,judy4    ,and  
her twin brother couldn't wind up a top 
for his life4 ,he knows no  more of     

,jack the ,giant ,killer1 or of ,sinbad 
the ,sailor1 than he knows  of the      
people in the stars4 ,he could as soon  
play at leap-frog1 or at  cricket1 as   
change into a cricket or a frog himself4
 ,but he is so much  the better off than
 his sister1 that on his narrow world of
 fact an  opening has dawned1 into such 
broader regions as lie within the ken   
of ,mr4 ,guppy4 ,hence1 his admiration  
and his emulation of that shining       
enchanter4    ,judy1 with a gong-like   
clash and clatter1 sets one of the      
sheet-iron  tea-trays on the table1 and 
arranges cups and saucers4 ,the bread   
she  puts on in an iron basket2 and the 
butter 7and not much of it7 in a  small 
pewter plate4 ,grandfather ,smallweed   
looks hard after the tea as  it is      
served out1 and asks ,judy where the    
girl is8    ,charley1 do you mean8 says 
,judy4    ,hey8 from ,grandfather       
,smallweed4    ,charley1 do you mean8   
,this touches a spring in ,grandmother  
,smallweed who1 chuckling1 as  usual1 at

 the trevets1 cries--,over the water6   
,charley over the water1  ,charley over 
the water1 over the water to ,charley1  
,charley over  the water1 over the water
 to ,charley6 and becomes quite         
energetic  about it4 ,grandfather looks 
at the cushion1 but has not sufficiently
  recovered his late exertion4    ,ha6  
he says1 when there is silence--if      
that's her name4 ,she eats a  deal4 ,it 
would be better to allow her for her    
keep4    ,judy1 with her brother's wink1
 shakes her head1 and purses up her     
mouth  into ,no1 without saying it4     
,no8 returns the old man4 ,why not8     
,she'd want sixpence a-day1 and we can  
do it for less1 says ,judy4    ,sure8   
,judy answers with a nod of deepest     
meaning2 and calls1 as she scrapes  the 
butter on the loaf with every precaution
 against waste1 and cuts  it into       
slices1 ,you ,charley1 where are you8   
,timidly obedient to the  summons1 a    
little girl in a rough apron and a large
 bonnet1 with her  hands covered with   

soap and water1 and a scrubbing brush in
 one of  them1 appears1 and courtesies4 
,what work are you about now8 says      
,judy1 making an ancient snap at  her1  
like a very sharp old beldame4    ,i'm a
 cleaning the up-stairs back room1 miss1
 replies ,charley4    ,mind you do it   
thoroughly1 and don't loiter4 ,shirking 
won't do for me4  ,make haste6 ,go      
along6 cries ,judy1 with a stamp upon   
the ground4 ,you  girls are more trouble
 than you're worth1 by half4    ,on this
 severe matron1 as she returns to her   
task of scraping the  butter and cutting
 the bread1 falls the shadow of her     
brother1 looking  in at the window4 ,for
 whom1 knife and loaf in hand1 she opens
 the  street door4    ,ay1 ay1 ,bart6   
says ,grandfather ,smallweed4 ,here you 
are1 hey8    ,here ,i am1 says ,bart4   
,been along with your friend again1     
,bart8    ,small nods4    ,dining at his
 expense1 ,bart8    ,small nods again4  
,that's right4 ,live at his expense as  
much as you can1 and take warning  by   

his foolish example4 ,that's the use of 
such a friend4 ,the only use  you can   
put him to1 says the venerable sage4    
,his grandson without receiving this    
good counsel as dutifully as he  might1 
honors it with all such acceptance as   
may lie in a slight wink  and a nod1 and
 takes a chair at the tea-table4 ,the   
four old faces then  hover over         
tea-cups1 like a company of ghastly     
cherubim2 ,mrs4 ,smallweed  perpetually 
twitching her head and chattering at the
 trevets1 and ,mr4  ,smallweed requiring
 to be repeatedly shaken up like a large
 black  draught4    ,yes1 yes1 says the 
good old gentleman1 reverting to his    
lesson of  wisdom4 ,that's such advice  
as your father would have given you1    
,bart4  ,you never saw your father4     
,more's the pity4 ,he was my true son4  
,whether it is intended to be conveyed  
that he was particularly pleasant  to   
look at1 on that account1 does not      
appear4    ,he was my true son1 repeats 
the old gentleman1 folding his bread and

  butter on his knee2 a good accountant1
 and died fifteen years ago4    ,mrs4   
,smallweed1 following her usual         
instinct1 breaks out with ,fifteen      
hundred pound4 ,fifteen hundred pound in
 a black box1 fifteen hundred  pound    
locked up1 fifteen hundred pound put    
away and hid6 ,her worthy  husband1     
setting aside his bread and butter1     
immediately discharges  the cushion at  
her1 crushes her against the side of her
 chair1 and  falls back in his own      
overpowered4 ,his appearance1 after     
visiting ,mrs4  ,smallweed with one of  
these admonitions1 is particularly      
impressive  and not wholly              
prepossessing3 firstly1 because the     
exertion generally  twists his black    
skull-cap over one eye and gives him an 
air of  goblin rakishness2 secondly1    
because he mutters violent imprecations 
against ,mrs4 ,smallweed2 and thirdly1  
because the contrast between  those     
powerful expressions and his powerless  
figure is suggestive of a  baleful old  

malignant1 who would be very wicked if  
he could4 ,all this1  however1 is so    
common in the ,smallweed family circle1 
that it produces  no impression4 ,the   
old gentleman is merely shaken1 and has 
his internal  feathers beaten up2 the   
cushion is restored to its usual place  
beside  him2 and the old lady1 perhaps  
with her cap adjusted1 and perhaps not1 
is planted in her chair again1 ready to 
be bowled down like a ninepin4    ,some 
time elapses1 in the present instance1  
before the old gentleman is             
sufficiently cool to resume his         
discourse2 and even then he mixes it up 
with several edifying expletives        
addressed to the unconscious partner  of
 his bosom1 who holds communication with
 nothing on earth but the  trevets4 ,as 
thus3    ,if your father1 ,bart1 had    
lived longer1 he might have been worth a
  deal of money--you brimstone          
chatterer6--but just as he was beginning
  to build up the house that he had been
 making the foundations for1  through   

many a year--you jade of a magpie1      
jackdaw1 and poll-parrot1  what do you  
mean6--he took ill and died of a low    
fever1 always being a  sparing and a    
spare man1 full of business care--,i    
should like to throw  a cat at you      
instead of a cushion1 and ,i will1 too1 
if you make such a  confounded fool of  
yourself6--and your mother1 who was a   
prudent woman1  as dry as a chip1 just  
dwindled away like touchwood after you  
and ,judy  were born4 ,you are an old   
pig4 ,you are a brimstone pig4 ,you're a
 head  of swine6    ,judy1 not          
interested in what she has often heard1 
begins to collect  in a basin various   
tributary streams of tea1 from the      
bottoms of  cups and saucers and from   
the bottom of the teapot1 for the little
  charwoman's evening meal4 ,in like    
manner she gets together1 in the iron   
bread-basket1 as many outside fragments 
and worn-down heels of loaves  as the   
rigid economy of the house has left in  
existence4    ,but your father and me   

were partners1 ,bart1 says the old      
gentleman2  and when ,i am gone1 you and
 ,judy will have all there is4 ,it's    
rare for  you both1 that you went out   
early in life--,judy to the flower      
business1  and you to the law4 ,you     
won't want to spend it4 ,you'll get your
 living  without it1 and put more to it4
 ,when ,i am gone1 ,judy will go back to
  the flower business1 and you'll still 
stick to the law4    ,one might infer1  
from ,judy's appearance1 that her       
business rather  lay with the thorns    
than the flowers2 but she has1 in her   
time1 been  apprenticed to the art and  
mystery of artificial flower-making4 ,a 
close observer might perhaps detect both
 in her eye and her brother's1  when    
their venerable grandsire anticipates   
his being gone1 some little  impatience 
to know when he may be going1 and some  
resentful opinion  that it is time he   
went4    ,now1 if every body has done1  
says ,judy1 completing her preparations1
  ,i'll have that girl into her tea4    

,she would never leave off1 if she  took
 it by herself in the kitchen4          
,charley is accordingly introduced1 and1
 under a heavy fire of eyes1  sits down 
to her basin and a ,druidical ruin of   
bread and butter4 ,in the  active       
superintendence of this young person1   
,judy ,smallweed appears  to attain a   
perfectly geological age1 and to date   
from the remotest  periods4 ,her        
systematic manner of flying at her1 and 
pouncing on her1  with or without       
pretense1 whether or no1 is wonderful2  
evincing an  accomplishment in the art  
of girl-driving1 seldom reached by the  
oldest  practitioners4    ,now1 don't   
stare about you all the afternoon1 cries
 ,judy1 shaking her  head and stamping  
her foot1 as she happens to catch the   
glance which  has been previously       
sounding the basin of tea1 but take your
 victuals  and get back to your work4   
,yes1 miss1 says ,charley4    ,don't say
 yes1 returns ,miss ,smallweed1 for ,i  
know what you girls  are4 ,do it without

 saying it1 and then ,i may begin to    
believe you4    ,charley swallows a     
great gulp of tea in token of           
submission1 and so  disperses the       
,druidical ruins that ,miss ,smallweed  
charges her not to  gormandize1 which in
 you girls1 she observes1 is disgusting4
 ,charley  might find some more         
difficulty in meeting her views on the  
general  subject of girls1 but for a    
knock at the door4    ,see who it is1   
and don't chew when you open it6 cries  
,judy4    ,the object of her attentions 
withdrawing for the purpose1 ,miss      
,smallweed takes that opportunity of    
jumbling the remainder of the bread  and
 butter together1 and launching two or  
three dirty tea-cups into the  ebb-tide 
of the basin of tea2 as a hint that she 
considers the eating  and drinking      
terminated4    ,now6 ,who is it1 and    
what's wanted8 says the snappish ,judy4 
,it is one ,mr4 ,george1 it appears4    
,without other announcement or          
ceremony1 ,mr4 ,george walks in4        

,whew6 says ,mr4 ,george4 ,you are hot  
here4 ,always a fire1 eh8 ,well6        
,perhaps you do right to get used to    
one4 ,mr4 ,george makes the latter      
remark to himself1 as he nods to        
,grandfather ,smallweed4    ,ho6 ,it's  
you6 cries the old gentleman4 ,how de   
do8 ,how de do8    ,middling1 replies   
,mr4 ,george1 taking a chair4 ,your     
grand-daughter ,i  have had the honor of
 seeing before2 my service to you1 miss4
    ,this is my grandson1 says          
,grandfather ,smallweed4 ,you han't seen
 him  before4 ,he is in the law1 and not
 much at home4    ,my service to him1   
too6 ,he is like his sister4 ,he is very
 like his  sister4 ,he is devilish like 
his sister1 says ,mr4 ,george1 laying a 
great and not altogether complimentary  
stress on his last adjective4    ,and   
how does the world use you1 ,mr4        
,george8 ,grandfather ,smallweed        
inquires1 slowly rubbing his legs4      
,pretty much as usual4 ,like a football4
    ,he is a swarthy browned man of     

fifty2 stoutly built1 and good-looking2 
with crisp dark hair1 bright eyes1 and a
 broad chest4 ,his sinewy and  powerful 
hands1 as sunburnt as his face1 have    
evidently been used to a  pretty rough  
life4 ,what is curious about him is1    
that he sits forward  on his chair as if
 he were1 from long habit1 allowing     
space for some  dress or accoutrements  
that he has altogether laid aside4 ,his 
step1  too1 is measured and heavy1 and  
would go well with a weighty clash and  
jingle of spurs4 ,he is close-shaved    
now1 but his mouth is set as if his     
upper lip had been for years familiar   
with a great mustache2 and his  manner  
of occasionally laying the open palm of 
his broad brown hand  upon it1 is to the
 same effect4 ,altogether1 one might    
guess ,mr4 ,george  to have been a      
trooper once upon a time4    ,a special 
contrast ,mr4 ,george makes to the      
,smallweed family4 ,trooper  was never  
yet billeted upon a household more      
unlike him4 ,it is a  broad-sword to an 

oyster-knife4 ,his developed figure1 and
 their stunted  forms2 his large manner 
filling any amount of room1 and their   
little  narrow pinched ways2 his        
sounding voice1 and their sharp spare   
tones1  are in the strongest and the    
strangest opposition4 ,as he sits in the
  middle of the grim parlor1 leaning a  
little forward1 with his hands  upon his
 thighs1 and his elbows squared1 he     
looks as though1 if he  remained there  
long1 he would absorb into himself the  
whole family and  the whole four-roomed 
house1 extra little back-kitchen and    
all4    ,do you rub your legs to rub    
life into 'em8 he asks of ,grandfather  
,smallweed1 after looking round the     
room4    ,why1 it's partly a habit1 ,mr4
 ,george1 and--yes--it partly helps the 
circulation1 he replies4    ,the        
cir-cu-la-tion6 repeats ,mr4 ,george1   
folding his arms upon his  chest1 and   
seeming to become two sizes larger4 ,not
 much of that1 ,i  should think4        
,truly1 ,i'm old1 ,mr4 ,george1 says    

,grandfather ,smallweed4 ,but ,i can    
carry my years4 ,i'm older than her1    
nodding at his wife1 and see  what she  
is6--,you're a brimstone chatterer6 with
 a sudden revival of  his late          
hostility4    ,unlucky old soul6 says   
,mr4 ,george1 turning his head in that  
direction4 ,don't scold the old lady4   
,look at her here1 with her  poor cap   
half off her head1 and her poor chair   
all in a muddle4 ,hold  up1 ma'am4      
,that's better4 ,there we are6 ,think of
 your mother1 ,mr4  ,smallweed1 says    
,mr4 ,george1 coming back to his seat   
from assisting  her1 if your wife an't  
enough4    ,i suppose you were an       
excellent son1 ,mr4 ,george1 the old man
 hints1  with a leer4    ,the color of  
,george's face rather deepens1 as he    
replies3 ,why no4 ,i  wasn't4    ,i am  
astonished at it4    ,so am ,i4 ,i ought
 to have been a good son1 and ,i think  
,i meant to have  been one4 ,but ,i     
wasn't4 ,i was a thundering bad son1    
that's the long and  the short of it1   

and never was a credit to any body4     
,surprising6 cries the old man4         
,however1 ,mr4 ,george resumes1 the less
 said about it1 the better now4  ,come6 
,you know the agreement4 ,always a pipe 
out of the two months'  interest6       
7,bosh6 ,it's all correct4 ,you needn't 
be afraid to order the  pipe4 ,here's   
the new bill1 and here's the two months'
 interest-money1  and a devil-and-all of
 a scrape it is to get it together in my
  business47    ,mr4 ,george sits1 with 
his arms folded1 consuming the family   
and the  parlor1 while ,grandfather     
,smallweed is assisted by ,judy to two  
black  leathern cases out of a locked   
bureau2 in one of which he secures  the 
document he has just received1 and from 
the other takes another  similar        
document which he hands to ,mr4 ,george1
 who twists it up for  a pipe-light4 ,as
 the old man inspects1 through his      
glasses1 every  up-stroke and           
down-stroke of both documents1 before he
 releases them  from their leathern     

prison2 and as he counts the money three
 times  over1 and requires ,judy to say 
every word she utters at least twice1   
and is as tremulously slow of speech and
 action as it is possible  to be2 this  
business is a long time in progress4    
,when it is quite  concluded1 and not   
before1 he disengages his ravenous eyes 
and fingers  from it1 and answers ,mr4  
,george's last remark by saying1 ,afraid
  to order the pipe8 ,we are not so     
mercenary as that1 sir4 ,judy1 see      
directly to the pipe and the glass of   
cold brandy and water for ,mr4  ,george4
    ,the sportive twins1 who have been  
looking straight before them all this   
time1 except when they have been        
engrossed by the black leathern cases1  
retire together1 generally disdainful of
 the visitor1 but leaving  him to the   
old man1 as two young cubs might leave a
 traveler to the  parental bear4    ,and
 there you sit1 ,i suppose1 all the day 
long1 eh8 says ,mr4 ,george1  with      
folded arms4    ,just so1 just so1 the  

old man nods4    ,and don't you occupy  
yourself at all8    ,i watch the        
fire--and the boiling and the roasting--
    ,when there is any1 says ,mr4       
,george1 with great expression4    ,just
 so4 ,when there is any4    ,don't you  
read1 or get read to8    ,the old man   
shakes his head with sharp1 sly triumph4
 ,no1 no4 ,we have  never been readers  
in our family4 ,it don't pay4 ,stuff4   
,idleness4 ,folly4  ,no1 no6    ,there's
 not much to choose between your two    
states1 says the visitor1  in a key too 
low for the old man's dull hearing1 as  
he looks from him  to the old woman and 
back again4 ,i say6 in a louder voice4  
,i hear you4    ,you'll sell me up at   
last ,i suppose1 when ,i am a day in    
arrear4    ,my dear friend6 cries       
,grandfather ,smallweed1 stretching out 
both  hands to embrace him4 ,never6     
,never1 my dear friend6 ,but my friend  
in  the city that ,i got to lend you the
 money--he might6    ,o6 you can't      
answer for him8 says ,mr4 ,george2      

finishing the inquiry1  in his lower    
key1 with the words you lying old       
rascal6    ,my dear friend1 he is not to
 be depended on4 ,i wouldn't trust him4 
,he  will have his bond1 my dear friend4
    ,devil doubt him1 says ,mr4 ,george4
 ,charley appearing with a tray1 on     
which are the pipe1 a small paper of    
tobacco1 and the brandy and water1  he  
asked her1 ,how do you come here6 you   
haven't got the family face4    ,i goes 
out to work1 sir1 returns ,charley4     
,the trooper 7if trooper he be or have  
been7 takes her bonnet off1 with  a     
light touch for so strong a hand1 and   
pats her on the head4 ,you give  the    
house almost a wholesome look4 ,it wants
 a bit of youth as much as  it wants    
fresh air4 ,then he dismisses her1      
lights his pipe1 and drinks  to ,mr4    
,smallweed's friend in the city--the one
 solitary flight of that  esteemed old  
gentleman's imagination4    ,so you     
think he might be hard upon me1 eh8     
,i think he might--,i am afraid he      

would4 ,i have known him do it1 says    
,grandfather ,smallweed1 incautiously1  
twenty times4    ,incautiously1 because 
his stricken better-half1 who has been  
dozing  over the fire for some time1 is 
instantly aroused and jabbers4 ,twenty  
thousand pounds1 twenty twenty-pound    
notes in a money-box1 twenty  guineas1  
twenty million twenty per cent41        
twenty-- and is then cut  short by the  
flying cushion1 which the visitor1 to   
whom this singular  experiment appears  
to be a novelty1 snatches from her face1
 as it  crushes her in the usual manner4
    ,you're a brimstone idiot4 ,you're a
 scorpion--a brimstone scorpion6        
,you're a sweltering toad4 ,you're a    
chattering1 clattering1 broom-stick     
witch1 that ought to be burnt6 gasps the
 old man1 prostrate in his  chair4 ,my  
dear friend1 will you shake me up a     
little8    ,mr4 ,george1 who has been   
looking first at one of them and then at
 the  other1 as if he were demented1    
takes his venerable acquaintance by the 

throat on receiving this request1 and   
dragging him upright in his chair  as   
easily as if he were a doll1 appears in 
two minds whether or no to  shake all   
future power of cushioning out of him1  
and shake him into his  grave4          
,resisting the temptation1 but agitating
 him violently enough to  make his head 
roll like a harlequin's1 he puts him    
smartly down in his  chair again1 and   
adjusts his skull cap with such a rub1  
that the old  man winks with both eyes  
for a minute afterward4    ,o ,lord6    
says ,mr4 ,smallweed4 ,that'll do4      
,thank you1 my dear friend1  that'll do4
 ,o dear me1 ,i'm out of breath4 ,o     
,lord6 ,and ,mr4 ,smallweed  says it1   
not without evident apprehensions of his
 dear friend1 who  still stands over him
 looming larger than ever4    ,the      
alarming presence1 however1 gradually   
subsides into its chair1 and  falls to  
smoking in long puffs2 consoling itself 
with the philosophical  reflection1 ,the
 name of your friend in the city begins 

with a ,d1  comrade1 and you're about   
right respecting the bond4    ,did you  
speak1 ,mr4 ,george8 inquires the old   
man4    ,the trooper shakes his head2   
and leaning forward with his right elbow
  on his right knee and his pipe        
supported in that hand1 while his other 
hand1 resting on his left leg1 squares  
his left elbow in a martial  manner1    
continues to smoke4 ,meanwhile he looks 
at ,mr4 ,smallweed with  grave          
attention1 and now and then fans the    
cloud of smoke away1 in  order that he  
may see him the more clearly4    ,i take
 it1 he says1 making just as much and as
 little change in his  position as will 
enable him to reach the glass to his    
lips1 with a  round1 full action1 that  
,i am the only man alive 7or dead       
either71  that gets the value of a pipe 
out of you8    ,well6 returns the old   
man1 it's true that ,i don't see        
company1 ,mr4  ,george1 and that ,i     
don't treat4 ,i can't afford to do it4  
,but as you1 in  your pleasant way1 made

 your pipe a condition--    ,why1 it's  
not for the value of it2 that's no great
 thing4 ,it was a  fancy to get it out  
of you4 ,to have something in for my    
money4    ,ha6 ,you're prudent1 prudent1
 sir6 cries ,grandfather ,smallweed1    
rubbing his legs4    ,very4 ,i always   
was4 ,puff4 ,it's a sure sign of my     
prudence1 that ,i  ever found the way   
here4 ,puff4 ,also1 that ,i am what ,i  
am4 ,puff4 ,i  am well known to be      
prudent1 says ,mr4 ,george1 composedly  
smoking4 ,i  rose in life1 that way4    
,don't be down-hearted1 sir4 ,you may   
rise yet4    ,mr4 ,george laughs and    
drinks4    ,ha'n't you no relations now1
 asks ,grandfather ,smallweed1 with a   
twinkle in his eyes1 who would pay off  
this little principal1 or who  would    
lend you a good name or two that ,i     
could persuade my friend in  the city to
 make you a further advance upon8 ,two  
good names would be  sufficient for my  
friend in the city4 ,ha'n't you no such 
relations1 ,mr4  ,george8    ,mr4       

,george1 still composedly smoking1      
replies1 ,if ,i had1 ,i shouldn't       
trouble them4 ,i have been trouble      
enough to my belongings in my day4 ,it  
may be a very good sort of penitence in 
a vagabond1 who has wasted  the best    
time of his life1 to go back then to    
decent people that he  never was a      
credit to1 and live upon them2 but it's 
not my sort4 ,the  best kind of amends  
then1 for having gone away1 is to keep  
away1 in my  opinion4    ,but1 natural  
affection1 ,mr4 ,george1 hints          
,grandfather ,smallweed4    ,for two    
good names1 hey8 says ,mr4 ,george1     
shaking his head1 and still  composedly 
smoking4 ,no4 ,that's not my sort1      
either4    ,grandfather ,smallweed has  
been gradually sliding down in his chair
  since his last adjustment1 and is now 
a bundle of clothes1 with a voice  in it
 calling for ,judy4 ,that ,houri        
appearing1 shakes him up in the  usual  
manner1 and is charged by the old       
gentleman to remain near him4  ,for he  

seems chary of putting his visitor to   
the trouble of repeating  his late      
attentions4    ,ha6 he observes1 when he
 is in trim again4 ,if you could have   
traced  out the ,captain1 ,mr4 ,george1 
it would have been the making of you4   
,if1  when you first came here1 in      
consequence of our advertisements in the
  newspapers--when ,i say 'our1' ,i'm   
alluding to the advertisements of my    
friend in the city1 and one or two      
others who embark their capital in  the 
same way1 and are so friendly toward me 
as sometimes to give me a  lift with my 
little pittance--if1 at that time1 you  
could have helped  us1 ,mr4 ,george1 it 
would have been the making of you4    ,i
 was willing enough to be 'made1' as you
 call it1 says ,mr4 ,george1  smoking   
not quite so placidly as before1 for    
since the entrance of ,judy  he has been
 in some measure disturbed by a         
fascination1 not of the  admiring kind1 
which obliges him to look at her as she 
stands by her  grandfather's chair2 but1

 on the whole1 ,i am glad ,i wasn't now4
    ,why1 ,mr4 ,george8 ,in the name    
of--of ,brimstone1 why8 says            
,grandfather  ,smallweed1 with a plain  
appearance of exasperation4 7,brimstone 
apparently suggested by his eye lighting
 on ,mrs4 ,smallweed in her  slumber74  
,for two reasons1 comrade4    ,and what 
two reasons1 ,mr4 ,george8 ,in the name 
of the--    ,of our friend in the city8 
suggests ,mr4 ,george1 composedly       
drinking4    ,ay1 if you like4 ,what two
 reasons8    ,in the first place1       
returns ,mr4 ,george2 but still looking 
at ,judy1  as if1 she being so old and  
so like her grandfather1 it is          
indifferent  which of the two he        
addresses2 you gentlemen took me in4    
,you  advertised that ,mr4 ,hawdon      
7,captain ,hawdon1 if you hold to the   
saying1  ,once a captain always a       
captain7 was to hear of something to his
  advantage4    ,well8 returns the old  
man1 shrilly and sharply4    ,well6 says
 ,mr4 ,george1 smoking on4 ,it wouldn't 

have been much to  his advantage to have
 been clapped into prison by the whole  
bill and  judgment trade of ,london4    
,how do you know that8 ,some of his rich
 relations might have paid his  debts1  
or compounded for 'em4 ,beside1 he had  
taken us in4 ,he owed us  immense sums1 
all round4 ,i would sooner have         
strangled him than had no  return4 ,if  
,i sit here thinking of him1 snarls the 
old man1 holding up  his impotent ten   
fingers1 ,i want to strangle him now4   
,and in a sudden  access of fury he     
throws the cushion at the unoffending   
,mrs4 ,smallweed1  but it passes        
harmlessly on one side of her chair4    
,i don't need to be told1 returns the   
trooper1 taking his pipe from  his lips 
for a moment1 and carrying his eyes back
 from following the  progress of the    
cushion to the pipe-bowl1 which is      
burning low1 that  he carried on heavily
 and went to ruin4 ,i have been at his  
right hand  many a day1 when he was     
charging upon ruin full-gallop4 ,i was  

with  him1 when he was sick and well1   
rich and poor4 ,i laid this hand upon   
him1 after he had run through every     
thing and broken down every thing       
beneath him--when he held a pistol to   
his head4    ,i wish he had let it off6 
says the benevolent old man1 and blown  
his  head into as many pieces as he owed
 pounds6    ,that would have been a     
smash indeed1 returns the trooper1      
coolly2  any way1 he had been young1    
hopeful1 and handsome in the days gone  
by2 and ,i am glad ,i never found him1  
when he was neither1 to lead to a       
result so much to his advantage4 ,that's
 reason number one4    ,i hope number   
two's as good8 says the old man4        
,why1 no4 ,it's more of a selfish       
reason4 ,if ,i had found him1 ,i must   
have gone to the other world to look4   
,he was there4    ,how do you know he   
was there8    ,he wasn't here4    ,how  
do you know he wasn't here8    ,don't   
lose your temper as well as your money1 
says ,mr4 ,george1 calmly  knocking the 

ashes out of his pipe4 ,he was drowned  
long before4 ,i am  convinced of it4 ,he
 went over a ship's side4 ,whether      
intentionally or  accidentally1 ,i don't
 know4 ,perhaps your friend in the city 
does4 ,do  you know what that tune is1  
,mr4 ,smallweed8 he adds1 after breaking
 off  to whistle one1 accompanied on the
 table with the empty pipe4    ,tune6   
replies the old man4 ,no4 ,we never have
 tunes here4    ,that's the ,dead ,march
 in ,saul4 ,they bury soldiers to it2 so
 it's the  natural end of the subject4  
,now1 if your pretty                    
grand-daughter--excuse  me1 miss--will  
condescend to take care of this pipe for
 two months1 we  shall save the cost of 
one1 next time4 ,good evening1 ,mr4     
,smallweed6    ,my dear friend6 ,the old
 man gives him both his hands4    ,so   
you think your friend in the city will  
be hard upon me1 if ,i fail  in a       
payment8 says the trooper1 looking down 
upon him like a giant4    ,my dear      
friend1 ,i am afraid he will1 returns   

the old man looking up  at him like a   
pigmy4    ,mr4 ,george laughs2 and with 
a glance at ,mr4 ,smallweed1 and a      
parting  salutation to the scornful     
,judy1 strides out of the parlor1       
clashing  imaginary sabres and other    
metallic appurtenances as he goes4      
,you're a damned rogue1 says the old    
gentleman1 making a hideous  grimace at 
the door as he shuts it4 ,but ,i'll lime
 you1 you dog1 ,i'll  lime you6         
,after this amiable remark1 his spirit  
soars into those enchanting  regions of 
reflection which its education and      
pursuits have opened  to it2 and again  
he and ,mrs4 ,smallweed wile away the   
rosy hours1 two  unrelieved sentinels   
forgotten as aforesaid by the ,black    
,sergeant4    ,while the twain are      
faithful to their post1 ,mr4 ,george    
strides through  the streets with a     
massive kind of swagger and a grave     
enough face4 ,it  is eight o'clock now1 
and the day is fast drawing in4 ,he     
stops hard  by ,waterloo ,bridge1 and   

reads a playbill2 decides to go to      
,astley's  ,theatre4 ,being there1 is   
much delighted with the horses and the  
feats  of strength2 looks at the weapons
 with a critical eye2 disapproves of    
the combats1 as giving evidences of     
unskillful swordmanship2 but is  touched
 home by the sentiments4 ,in the last   
scene1 when the ,emperor of  ,tartary   
gets up into a cart and condescends to  
bless the united lovers1  by hovering   
over them with the ,union-,jack1 his    
eye-lashes are moistened  with emotion4 
,the theatre over1 ,mr4 ,george comes   
across the water again1 and makes  his  
way to that curious region lying about  
the ,haymarket and ,leicester  ,square1 
which is a centre of attraction to      
indifferent foreign hotels  and         
indifferent foreigners1 racket-courts1  
fighting-men1 swordsmen1  foot-guards1  
old china1 gaming houses1 exhibitions1  
and a large medley  of shabbiness and   
shrinking out of sight4 ,penetrating to 
the heart of  this region1 he arrives1  

by a court and a long whitewashed       
passage1 at  a great brick building1    
composed of bare walls1 floor1          
roof-rafters1  and skylights2 on the    
front of which1 if it can be said to    
have any  front1 is painted ,,george',s 
,,shooting ,,gallery1 ,c4    ,into      
,george's ,shooting ,gallery1 c41 he    
goes2 and in it there are  gas-lights   
7partly turned off now71 and two        
whitened targets for  rifle-shooting1   
and archery accommodation1 and fencing  
appliances1 and  all necessaries for the
 ,british art of boxing4 ,none of these 
sports  or exercises are being pursued  
in ,george's ,shooting ,gallery         
to-night2  which is so devoid of        
company1 that a little grotesque man1   
with a  large head1 has it all to       
himself1 and lies asleep upon the floor4
    ,the little man is dressed something
 like a gunsmith1 in a green baize      
apron and cap2 and his face and hands   
are dirty with gunpowder1 and  begrimed 
with the loading of guns4 ,as he lies in

 the light1 before a  glaring white     
target1 the black upon him shines again4
 ,not far off1 is  the strong1 rough1   
primitive table1 with a vice upon it1 at
 which he  has been working4 ,he is a   
little man with a face all crushed      
together1  who appears1 from a certain  
blue and speckled appearance that one of
  his cheeks presents1 to have blown up1
 in the way of business1 at some  odd   
time or times4    ,phil6 says the       
trooper1 in a quiet voice4    ,all      
right6 cries ,phil1 scrambling up4      
,any thing been doing8    ,flat as ever 
so much swipes1 says ,phil4 ,five dozen 
rifle and a dozen  pistol4 ,as to aim6  
,phil gives a howl at the recollection4 
,shut up shop1 ,phil6    ,as ,phil moves
 about to execute this order1 it appears
 that he is  lame1 though able to move  
very quickly4 ,on the speckled side of  
his  face he has no eyebrow1 and on the 
other side he has a bushy black  one1   
which want of uniformity gives him a    
very singular and rather  sinister      

appearance4 ,every thing seems to have  
happened to his hands  that could       
possibly take place1 consistently with  
the retention of all  the fingers2 for  
they are notched1 and seamed1 and       
crumpled all over4  ,he appears to be   
very strong1 and lifts heavy benches    
about as if he  had no idea what weight 
was4 ,he has a curious way of limping   
round the  gallery with his shoulder    
against the wall1 and tacking off at    
objects  he wants to lay hold of1       
instead of going straight to them1 which
 has  left a smear all round the four   
walls1 conventionally called ,phil's    
mark4    ,this custodian of ,george's   
,gallery in ,george's absence concludes 
his  proceedings1 when he has locked the
 great doors1 and turned out all  the   
lights but one1 which he leaves to      
glimmer1 by dragging out from a  wooden 
cabin in a corner two mattresses and    
bedding4 ,these being drawn  to opposite
 ends of the gallery1 the trooper makes 
his own bed1 and  ,phil makes his4      

,phil6 says the master1 walking toward  
him without his coat and  waistcoat1 and
 looking more soldierly than ever in his
 braces1 ,you  were found in a doorway1 
weren't you8    ,gutter1 says ,phil4    
,watchman tumbled over me4    ,then1    
vagabondizing came natural to you1 from 
the beginning4    ,as nat'ral as        
possible1 says ,phil4    ,good-night6   
,good-night1 guv'ner4    ,phil can not  
even go straight to bed1 but finds it   
necessary to  shoulder round two sides  
of the gallery1 and then tack off at    
his mattress4 ,the trooper1 after taking
 a turn or two in the  rifle-distance1  
and looking up at the moon1 now shining 
through the  skylights1 strides to his  
own mattress by a shorter route1 and    
goes to  bed too4      ,,chapter        
,,xxii4--,,mr4 ,,bucket4    ,allegory   
looks pretty cool in ,lincoln's ,inn    
,fields1 though the evening  is hot2    
for1 both ,mr4 ,tulkinghorn's windows   
are wide open1 and the room  is lofty1  
gusty1 and gloomy4 ,these may not be    

desirable characteristics  when         
,november comes with fog and sleet1 or  
,january with ice and snow2  but they   
have their merits in the sultry long    
vacation weather4 ,they  enable         
,allegory1 though it has cheeks like    
peaches1 and knees like  bunches of     
blossoms1 and rosy swellings for calves 
to its legs and  muscles to its arms1 to
 look tolerably cool to-night4          
,plenty of dust comes in at ,mr4        
,tulkinghorn's windows1 and plenty more 
has generated among his furniture and   
papers4 ,it lies thick every  where4    
,when a breeze from the country that has
 lost its way1 takes  fright1 and makes 
a blind hurry to rush out again1 it     
flings as much  dust in the eyes of     
,allegory as the law--or ,mr4           
,tulkinghorn1 one of its  trustiest     
representatives--may scatter1 on        
occasion1 in the eyes of the  laity4    
,in his lowering magazine of dust1 the  
universal article into which  his papers
 and himself1 and all his clients1 and  

all things of earth1  animate and       
inanimate1 are resolving1 ,mr4          
,tulkinghorn sits at one  of the open   
windows1 enjoying a bottle of old port4 
,for1 though a  hard-grained man1 close1
 dry1 and silent1 he can enjoy old wine 
with  the best4 ,he has a priceless bin 
of port in some artful cellar under  the
 ,fields1 which is one of his many      
secrets4 ,when he dines alone in        
chambers1 as he has dined to-day1 and   
has his bit of fish and his steak  or   
chicken brought in from the             
coffee-house1 he descends with a candle 
to the echoing regions below the        
deserted mansion1 and1 heralded by a    
remote reverberation of thundering      
doors1 comes gravely back1 encircled  by
 an earthly atmosphere1 and carrying a  
bottle from which he pours a  radiant   
nectar1 two score and ten years old1    
that blushes in the glass  to find      
itself so famous1 and fills the whole   
room with the fragrance  of southern    
grapes4    ,mr4 ,tulkinghorn1 sitting in

 the twilight by the open window1 enjoys
  his wine4 ,as if it whispered to him  
of its fifty years of silence and       
seclusion1 it shuts him up the closer4  
,more impenetrable than ever1 he  sits1 
and drinks1 and mellows as it were in   
secrecy2 pondering1 at that  twilight   
hour1 on all the mysteries he knows1    
associated with darkening  woods in the 
country1 and vast blank shut-up houses  
in town2 and  perhaps sparing a thought 
or two for himself1 and his family      
history1  and his money1 and his        
will--all a mystery to every one--and   
that one  bachelor friend of his1 a man 
of the same mould1 and a lawyer too1 who
  lived the same kind of life until he  
was seventy-five years old1 and  then1  
suddenly conceiving 7as it is supposed7 
an impression that it  was too          
monotonous1 gave his gold watch to his  
hair-dresser one summer  evening1 and   
walked leisurely home to the ,temple1   
and hanged himself4    ,but ,mr4        
,tulkinghorn is not alone to-night1 to  

ponder at his usual  length4 ,seated at 
the same table1 though with his chair   
modestly and  uncomfortably drawn a     
little away from it1 sits a bald1 mild1 
shining  man1 who coughs respectfully   
behind his hand when the lawyer bids him
  fill his glass4    ,now1 ,snagsby1    
says ,mr4 ,tulkinghorn1 to go over this 
odd story again4    ,if you please1 sir4
    ,you told me1 when you were so good 
as to step round here1 last night--     
,for which ,i must ask you to excuse me 
if it was a liberty1 sir2 but ,i        
remembered that you had taken a sort of 
an interest in that person1 and  ,i     
thought it possible that you            
might--just--wish--to--    ,mr4         
,tulkinghorn is not the man to help him 
to any conclusion1 or to  admit any     
thing as to any possibility concerning  
himself4 ,so ,mr4  ,snagsby trails off  
into saying1 with an awkward cough1 ,i  
must ask you  to excuse the liberty1    
sir1 ,i am sure4    ,not at all1 says   
,mr4 ,tulkinghorn4 ,you told me1        

,snagsby1 that you  put on your hat and 
came round without mentioning your      
intention to  your wife4 ,that was      
prudent1 ,i think1 because it's not a   
matter of such  importance that it      
requires to be mentioned4    ,well1 sir1
 returns ,mr4 ,snagsby1 you see my      
little woman is--not to  put too fine a 
point upon it--inquisitive4 ,she's      
inquisitive4 ,poor  little thing1 she's 
liable to spasms1 and it's good for her 
to have her  mind employed4 ,in         
consequence of which1 she employs it--,i
 should say  upon every individual thing
 she can lay hold of1 whether it        
concerns  her or not--especially not4   
,my little woman has a very active mind1
  sir4    ,mr4 ,snagsby drinks1 and     
murmurs with an admiring cough behind   
his hand4  ,dear me1 very fine wine     
indeed6    ,therefore you kept your     
visit to yourself1 last night8 says ,mr4
  ,tulkinghorn4 ,and to-night1 too8     
,yes1 sir1 and to-night1 too4 ,my little
 woman is at present in--not  to put too

 fine a point upon it--in a pious state1
 or in what she  considers such1 and    
attends the ,evening ,exertions 7which  
is the name  they go by7 of a reverend  
party of the name of ,chadband4 ,he has 
a great  deal of eloquence at his       
command1 undoubtedly1 but ,i am not     
quite  favorable to his style myself4   
,that's neither here nor there4 ,my     
little  woman being engaged in that way1
 made it easier for me to step round in 
a quiet manner4    ,mr4 ,tulkinghorn    
assents4 ,fill your glass1 ,snagsby4    
,thank you1 sir1 ,i am sure1 returns the
 stationer1 with his cough of           
deference4 ,this is wonderfully fine    
wine1 sir6    ,it is a rare wine now1   
says ,mr4 ,tulkinghorn4 ,it is fifty    
years old4    ,is it indeed1 sir8 ,but  
,i am not surprised to hear it1 ,i am   
sure4 ,it  might be--any age almost4    
,after rendering this general tribute to
 the  port1 ,mr4 ,snagsby in his modesty
 coughs an apology behind his hand for  
drinking any thing so precious4    ,will

 you run over1 once again1 what the boy 
said8 asks ,mr4  ,tulkinghorn1 putting  
his hands into the pockets of his rusty 
smallclothes1 and leaning quietly back  
in his chair4    ,with pleasure1 sir4   
,then1 with fidelity1 though with some  
prolixity1 the law stationer  repeats   
,joe's statement made to the assembled  
guests at his house4 ,on  coming to the 
end of his narrative1 he gives a great  
start1 and breaks  off with--,dear me1  
sir1 ,i wasn't aware there was any other
 gentleman  present6    ,mr4 ,snagsby is
 dismayed to see1 standing with an      
attentive face between  himself and the 
lawyer1 at a little distance from the   
table1 a person  with a hat and stick in
 his hand1 who was not there when he    
himself  came in1 and has not since     
entered by the door or by either of the 
windows4 ,there is a press in the room1 
but its hinges have not creaked1  nor   
has a step been audible upon the floor4 
,yet this third person  stands there1   
with his attentive face1 and his hat and

 stick in his  hands1 and his hands     
behind him1 a composed and quiet        
listener4 ,he is  a steady-looking1     
sharp-eyed man in black1 of about the   
middle age4  ,except that he looks at   
,mr4 ,snagsby as if he were going to    
take his  portrait1 there is nothing    
remarkable about him at first sight but 
his  ghostly manner of appearing4       
,don't mind this gentleman1 says ,mr4   
,tulkinghorn1 in his quiet way4  ,this  
is only ,mr4 ,bucket4    ,o indeed1 sir8
 returns the stationer1 expressing by a 
cough that he  is quite in the dark as  
to who ,mr4 ,bucket may be4    ,i wanted
 him to hear this story1 says the       
lawyer1 because ,i  have half a mind    
7for a reason7 to know more of it1 and  
he is very  intelligent in such things4 
,what do you say to this1 ,bucket8      
,it's very plain1 sir4 ,since our people
 have moved this boy on1 and  he's not  
to be found on his old lay1 if ,mr4     
,snagsby don't object to go  down with  
me to ,tom-all-,alone's and point him   

out1 we can have him here  in less than 
a couple of hours' time4 ,i can do it   
without ,mr4 ,snagsby1  of course2 but  
this is the shortest way4    ,mr4       
,bucket is a detective officer1         
,snagsby1 says the lawyer in            
explanation4    ,is he indeed1 sir8 says
 ,mr4 ,snagsby1 with a strong tendency  
in his  clump of hair to stand on end4  
,and if you have no real objection to   
accompany ,mr4 ,bucket to the place  in 
question1 pursues the lawyer1 ,i shall  
feel obliged to you if you  will do so4 
,in a moment's hesitation on the part of
 ,mr4 ,snagsby1 ,bucket dips down  to   
the bottom of his mind4    ,don't you be
 afraid of hurting the boy1 he says4    
,you won't do that4  ,it's all right as 
far as the boy's concerned4 ,we shall   
only bring him  here to ask him a       
question or so ,i want to put to him1   
and he'll be  paid for his trouble1 and 
sent away again4 ,it'll be a good job   
for  him4 ,i promise you1 as a man1 that
 you shall see the boy sent away all    

right4 ,don't you be afraid of hurting  
him2 you an't going to do that4    ,very
 well1 ,mr4 ,tulkinghorn6 cries ,mr4    
,snagsby1 cheerfully1 and  reassured1   
since that's the case--    ,yes6 and    
lookee here1 ,mr4 ,snagsby1 resumes     
,bucket1 taking him aside  by the arm1  
tapping him familiarly on the breast1   
and speaking in a  confidential tone4   
,you're a man of the world1 you know1   
and a man of  business1 and a man of    
sense4 ,that's what you are4    ,i am   
sure ,i am much obliged to you for your 
good opinion1 returns the  stationer1   
with his cough of modesty1 but--        
,that's what you are1 you know1 says    
,bucket4 ,now it an't necessary  to say 
to a man like you1 engaged in your      
business1 which is a business  of trust1
 and requires a person to be wide awake 
and have his senses  about him1 and his 
head screwed on right 7,i had an uncle  
in your  business once7--it an't        
necessary to say to a man like you1 that
 it's  the best and wisest way to keep  

little matters like this quiet4 ,don't  
you see8 ,quiet6    ,certainly1         
certainly1 returns the stationer4    ,i 
don't mind telling you1 says ,bucket1   
with an engaging appearance  of         
frankness1 that1 as far as ,i can       
understand it1 there seems to be  a     
doubt whether this dead person wasn't   
entitled to a little property1  and     
whether this female hasn't been up to   
some games respecting that  property1   
don't you see6    ,o6 says ,mr4         
,snagsby1 but not appearing to see quite
 distinctly4    ,now1 what you want1    
pursues ,bucket1 again tapping ,mr4     
,snagsby on  the breast in a comfortable
 and soothing manner1 is1 that every    
person  should have their rights        
according to justice4 ,that's what you  
want4    ,to be sure1 returns ,mr4      
,snagsby1 with a nod4    ,on account of 
which1 and at the same time to oblige   
a--do you call it1  in your business1   
customer or client8 ,i forget how my    
uncle used to  call it4    ,why1 ,i     

generally say customer1 myself1 replies 
,mr4 ,snagsby4    ,you're right6 returns
 ,mr4 ,bucket1 shaking hands with him   
quite  affectionately--on account of    
which1 and at the same time to oblige  a
 real good customer1 you mean to go down
 with me1 in confidence1 to             
,tom-all-,alone's1 and to keep the whole
 thing quiet ever afterward  and never  
mention it to any one4 ,that's about    
your intentions1 if ,i  understand you8 
,you are right1 sir4 ,you are right1    
says ,mr4 ,snagsby4    ,then here's your
 hat1 returns his new friend1 quite as  
intimate with  it as if he had made it2 
and if you're ready1 ,i am4    ,they    
leave ,mr4 ,tulkinghorn1 without a      
ruffle on the surface of his            
unfathomable depths1 drinking his old   
wine2 and go down into the  streets4    
,you don't happen to know a very good   
sort of person of the name of  ,gridley1
 do you8 says ,bucket1 in friendly      
converse as they descend the  stairs4   
,no1 says ,mr4 ,snagsby1 considering1 ,i

 don't know any body of that  name4     
,why8    ,nothing particular1 says      
,bucket2 only1 having allowed his temper
  to get a little the better of him1 and
 having been threatening some           
respectable people1 he is keeping out of
 the way of a warrant ,i have  got      
against him--which it's a pity that a   
man of sense should do4    ,as they walk
 along1 ,mr4 ,snagsby observes1 as a    
novelty1 that however  quick their pace 
may be1 his companion still seems in    
some undefinable  manner to lurk and    
lounge2 also1 that whenever he is going 
to turn to  the right or left1 he       
pretends to have a fixed purpose in his 
mind  of going straight ahead1 and      
wheels off1 sharply1 at the very last   
moment4 ,now and then1 when they pass a 
police constable on his beat1  ,mr4     
,snagsby notices that both the constable
 and his guide fall into a  deep        
abstraction as they come toward each    
other1 and appear entirely  to overlook 
each other1 and to gaze into space4 ,in 

a few instances ,mr4  ,bucket1 coming   
behind some under-sized young man with a
 shining hat  on1 and his sleek hair    
twisted into one flat curl on each side 
of his  head1 almost without glancing at
 him touches him with his stick2 upon   
which the young man1 looking round1     
instantly evaporates4 ,for the most     
part ,mr4 ,bucket notices things in     
general1 with a face as unchanging as   
the great mourning ring on his little   
finger1 or the brooch1 composed  of not 
much diamond and a good deal of setting1
 which he wears in his  shirt4    ,when 
they come at last to ,tom-all-,alone's1 
,mr4 ,bucket stops for a  moment at the 
corner1 and takes a lighted bull's-eye  
from the constable  on duty there1 who  
then accompanies him with his own       
particular  bull's-eye at his waist4    
,between his two conductors1 ,mr4       
,snagsby passes  along the middle of a  
villainous street1 undrained1           
unventilated1 deep  in black mud and    
corrupt water--though the roads are dry 

elsewhere--and  reeking with such smells
 and sights that he1 who has lived in   
,london  all his life1 can scarce       
believe his senses4 ,branching from this
 street  and its heaps of ruins1 are    
other streets and courts so infamous    
that  ,mr4 ,snagsby sickens in body and 
mind1 and feels as if he were going1    
every moment deeper down1 into the      
infernal gulf4    ,draw off a bit here1 
,mr4 ,snagsby1 says ,bucket1 as a kind  
of shabby  palanquin is borne toward    
them1 surrounded by a noisy crowd4      
,here's  the fever coming up the street4
    ,as the unseen wretch goes by1 the  
crowd1 leaving that object of           
attraction1 hovers round the three      
visitors1 like a dream of horrible      
faces1 and fades away up alleys and into
 ruins1 and behind walls2 and  with     
occasional cries and shrill whistles of 
warning1 thenceforth flits  about them  
until they leave the place4    ,are     
those the fever-houses1 ,darby8 ,mr     
,bucket coolly asks1 as he turns  his   

bull's-eye on a line of stinking ruins4 
,darby replies that all them are1 and   
further that in all1 for months  and    
months1 the people have been down by    
dozens1 and have been  carried out1 dead
 and dying like sheep with the rot4     
,bucket observing  to ,mr4 ,snagsby as  
they go on again1 that he looks a little
 poorly1 ,mr4  ,snagsby answers that he 
feels as if he couldn't breathe the     
dreadful  air4    ,there is inquiry     
made1 at various houses1 for a boy named
 ,jo4 ,as few  people are known in      
,tom-all-,alone's by any ,christian     
sign1 there is  much reference to ,mr4  
,snagsby whether he means ,carrots1 or  
the ,colonel1  or ,gallows1 or ,young   
,chisel1 or ,terrier ,tip1 or ,lanky1 or
 the ,brick4  ,mr4 ,snagsby describes   
over and over again4 ,there are         
conflicting  opinions respecting the    
original of his picture4 ,some think it 
must be  ,carrots2 some say the ,brick4 
,the ,colonel is produced1 but is not at
 all  near the thing4 ,whenever ,mr4    

,snagsby and his conductors are         
stationary1  the crowd flows round1 and 
from its squalid depths obsequious      
advice  heaves up to ,mr4 ,bucket4      
,whenever they move1 and the angry      
bull's-eyes  glare1 it fades away1 and  
flits about them up the alleys1 and in  
the  ruins1 and behind the walls1 as    
before4    ,at last there is a lair     
found out where ,toughy1 or the ,tough  
,subject1  lays him down at night2 and  
it is thought that the ,tough ,subject  
may  be ,jo4 ,comparison of notes       
between ,mr4 ,snagsby and the           
proprietress of  the house--a drunken1  
fiery face tied up in a black bundle1   
and flaring  out of a heap of rags on   
the floor of a dog-hutch1 which is her  
private  apartment--leads to the        
establishment of this conclusion4       
,toughy has  gone to the ,doctor's to   
get a bottle of stuff for a sick woman1 
but  will be here anon4    ,and who have
 we got here to-night8 says ,mr4        
,bucket1 opening another  door1 and     

glaring in with his bull's-eye4 ,two    
drunken men1 eh8 ,and two  women8 ,the  
men are sound enough1 turning back each 
sleeper's arm from  his face to look at 
him4 ,are these your good men1 my dears8
    ,yes1 sir1 returns one of the women4
 ,they are our husbands4                
,brickmakers1 eh8    ,yes1 sir4    ,what
 are you doing here8 ,you don't belong  
to ,london4    ,no1 sir4 ,we belong to  
,hertfordshire4    ,whereabouts in      
,hertfordshire8    ,saint ,albans4      
,come up on the tramp8    ,we walked up 
yesterday4 ,there's no work down with us
 at present2 but  we have done no good  
by coming here1 and shall do none1 ,i   
expect4    ,that's not the way to do    
much good1 says ,mr4 ,bucket1 turning   
his head  in the direction of the       
unconscious figures on the ground4      
,it an't1 indeed1 replies the woman with
 a sigh4 ,jenny and me knows  it full   
well4    ,the room1 though two or three 
feet higher than the door1 is so low    
that the head of the tallest of the     

visitors would touch the blackened      
ceiling if he stood upright4 ,it is     
offensive to every sense2 even the      
gross candle burns pale and sickly in   
the polluted air4 ,there are a  couple  
of benches1 and a higher bench by way of
 table4 ,the men lie  asleep where they 
stumbled down1 but the women sit by the 
candle4 ,lying  in the arms of the woman
 who has spoken1 is a very young child4 
,why1 what age do you call that little  
creature8 says ,bucket4 ,it  looks as if
 it was born yesterday4 ,he is not at   
all rough about  it2 and as he turns his
 light gently on the infant1 ,mr4       
,snagsby is  strangely reminded of      
another infant1 encircled with light1   
that he has  seen in pictures4    ,he is
 not three weeks old yet1 sir1 says the 
woman4    ,is he your child8    ,mine4  
,the other woman1 who was bending over  
it when they came in1 stoops down       
again1 and kisses it as it lies asleep4 
,you seem as fond of it as if you were  
the mother yourself1 says ,mr4  ,bucket4

    ,i was the mother of one like it1   
master1 and it died4    ,ah ,jenny1     
,jenny6 says the other woman to her2    
better so4 ,much better  to think of    
dead than alive1 ,jenny6 ,much better6  
,why1 you an't such an unnatural woman1 
,i hope1 returns ,bucket1  sternly1 as  
to wish your own child dead8    ,god    
knows you are right1 master1 she        
returns4 ,i am not4 ,i'd stand  between 
it and death1 with my own life if ,i    
could1 as true as any  pretty lady4     
,then don't talk in that wrong manner1  
says ,mr4 ,bucket1 mollified  again4    
,why do you do it8    ,it's brought into
 my head1 master1 returns the woman1 her
 eyes  filling with tears1 when ,i look 
down at the child lying so4 ,if it  was 
never to wake no more1 you'd think me   
mad1 ,i should take on so4  ,i know that
 very well4 ,i was with ,jenny when she 
lost hers--warn't ,i  ,jenny8--and ,i   
know how she grieved4 ,but look round   
you1 at this place4  ,look at them2     
glancing at the sleepers on the ground4 

,look at the boy  you're waiting for1   
who's gone out to do me a good turn4    
,think of the  children that your       
business lays with often and often1 and 
that you  see grow up6    ,well1 well1  
says ,mr4 ,bucket1 you train him        
respectable1 and he'll be  a comfort to 
you1 and look after you in your old age1
 you know4    ,i mean to try hard1 she  
answers1 wiping her eyes4 ,but ,i have  
been a  thinking1 being over-tired      
to-night1 and not well with the ague1 of
  all the many things that'll come in   
his way4 ,my master will be against  it1
 and he'll be beat1 and see me beat1 and
 made to fear his home1 and  perhaps to 
stray wild4 ,if ,i work for him ever so 
much1 and ever so  hard1 there's no one 
to help me2 and if he should be turned  
bad1 'spite  of all ,i could do1 and the
 time should come when ,i should sit by 
him in  his sleep1 made hard and        
changed1 an't it likely ,i should think 
of him  as he lies in my lap now1 and   
wish he had died as ,jenny's child died4

    ,there1 there6 says ,jenny4 ,liz1   
you're tired and ill4 ,let me take  him4
    ,in doing so she displaces the      
mother's dress1 but quickly readjusts it
  over the wounded and bruised bosom    
where the baby has been lying4    ,it's 
my dead child1 says ,jenny1 walking up  
and down as she nurses1  that makes me  
love this child so dear1 and it's my    
dead child that  makes her love it so   
dear too1 as even to think of its being 
taken away  from her now4 ,while she    
thinks that1 ,i think what fortune would
 ,i  give to have my darling back4 ,but 
we mean the same thing1 if we knew  how 
to say it1 us two mothers does in our   
poor hearts6    ,as ,mr4 ,snagsby blows 
his nose1 and coughs his cough of       
sympathy1 a step  is heard without4 ,mr4
 ,bucket throws his light into the      
doorway1 and  says to ,mr4 ,snagsby1    
,now1 what do you say to ,toughy8 ,will 
he do8    ,that's ,jo6 says ,mr4        
,snagsby4    ,jo stands amazed in the   
disc of light1 like a ragged figure in a

 magic  lantern1 trembling to think that
 he has offended against the law in  not
 having moved on far enough4 ,mr4       
,snagsby1 however1 giving him the       
consolatory assurance1 ,it's only a job 
you will be paid for1 ,jo1  he recovers2
 and1 on being taken outside by ,mr4    
,bucket for a little  private           
confabulation1 tells his tale           
satisfactorily1 though out of  breath4  
,i have squared it with the lad1 says   
,mr4 ,bucket1 returning1 and it's  all  
right4 ,now1 ,mr4 ,snagsby1 we're ready 
for you4    ,first1 ,jo has to complete 
his errand of good-nature by handing    
over the  physic he has been to get1    
which he delivers with the laconic      
verbal  direction that it's to be all   
took d'rectly4 ,secondly ,mr4 ,snagsby  
has  to lay upon the table half-a-crown1
 his usual panacea for an immense       
variety of afflictions4 ,thirdly1 ,mr4  
,bucket has to take ,jo by the arm  a   
little above the elbow and walk him on  
before him3 without which  observance1  

neither the ,tough ,subject nor any     
other subject could be  professionally  
conducted to ,lincoln's ,inn ,fields4   
,these arrangements  completed1 they    
give the women good-night1 and come out 
once more into  black and foul          
,tom-all-,alone's4    ,by the noisome   
ways through which they descended into  
that pit1 they  gradually emerge from   
it2 the crowd flitting1 and whistling1  
and  skulking about them1 until they    
come to the verge1 where restoration of 
the bull's-eyes is made to ,darby4 ,here
 the crowd1 like a concourse of         
imprisoned demons turns back1 yelling   
and is seen no more4 ,through the       
clearer and fresher streets1 never so   
clear and fresh to ,mr4 ,snagsby's  mind
 as now1 they walk and ride1 until they 
come to ,mr4 ,tulkinghorn's  gate4      
,as they ascend the dim stairs 7,mr4    
,tulkinghorn's chambers being on the    
first floor71 ,mr4 ,bucket mentions that
 he has the key of the outer door  in   
his pocket1 and that there is no need to

 ring4 ,for a man so expert  in most    
things of that kind1 ,bucket takes time 
to open the door1 and  makes some noise 
too4 ,it may be that he sounds a note of
 preparation4    ,howbeit1 they come at 
last into the hall1 where a lamp is     
burning1 and  so into ,mr4              
,tulkinghorn's usual room--the room     
where he drank his old  wine to-night4  
,he is not there1 but his two           
old-fashioned candlesticks  are2 and the
 room is tolerably light4    ,mr4       
,bucket1 still having his professional  
hold of ,jo1 and appearing to  ,mr4     
,snagsby to possess an unlimited number 
of eyes1 makes a little way  into this  
room1 when ,jo starts1 and stops4       
,what's the matter8 says ,bucket in a   
whisper4    ,there she is6 cries ,jo4   
,who8    ,the lady6    ,a female figure1
 closely vailed1 stands in the middle of
 the room1  where the light falls upon  
it4 ,it is quite still1 and silent4 ,the
 front  of the figure is toward them1   
but it takes no notice of their         

entrance1  and remains like a statue4   
,now1 tell me1 says ,bucket aloud1 how  
you know that to be the lady4    ,i know
 the wale1 replies ,jo1 staring1 and the
 bonnet1 and the gownd4    ,be quite    
sure of what you say1 ,tough1 returns   
,bucket1 narrowly  observant of him4    
,look again4    ,i am a-looking as hard 
as ever ,i can look1 says ,jo1 with     
starting  eyes1 and that there's the    
wale1 the bonnet1 and the gownd4        
,what about those rings you told me of8 
asks ,bucket4    ,a sparkling all over  
here1 says ,jo1 rubbing the fingers of  
his left  hand on the knuckles of his   
right1 without taking his eyes from the 
figure4    ,the figure removes the right
 hand glove1 and shows the hand4        
,now1 what do you say to that8 asks     
,bucket4    ,jo shakes his head4 ,not   
rings a bit like them4 ,not a hand like 
that4    ,what are you talking of8 says 
,bucket2 evidently pleased though1 and  
well pleased too4    ,hand was a deal   
whiter1 a deal delicater1 and a deal    

smaller1 returns  ,jo4    ,why1 you'll  
tell me ,i'm my own mother1 next1 says  
,mr4 ,bucket4 ,do you  recollect the    
lady's voice8    ,i think ,i does8 says 
,jo4    ,the figure speaks4 ,was it at  
all like this4 ,i will speak as long as 
you like if you are not sure4 ,was it   
this voice1 or at all like this  voice8 
,jo looks aghast at ,mr4 ,bucket4 ,not a
 bit6    ,then1 what1 retorts that      
worthy1 pointing to the figure1 did you 
say  it was the lady for8    ,cos1 says 
,jo1 with a perplexed stare1 but without
 being at all  shaken in his certainty1 
,cos that there's the wale1 the bonnet1 
and  the gownd4 ,it is her and it an't  
her4 ,it an't her hand1 nor yet her     
rings1 nor yet her woice4 ,but that     
there's the wale1 the bonnet1 and  the  
gownd1 and they're wore the same way wot
 she wore 'em1 and its her  height wot  
she wos1 and she give me a sov'ring and 
hooked it4    ,well6 says ,mr4 ,bucket1 
slightly1 we haven't got much good out  
of  you4 ,but1 however1 here's five     

shillings for you4 ,take care how you   
spend it1 and don't get yourself into   
trouble4 ,bucket stealthily tells  the  
coins from one hand into the other like 
counters--which is a way  he has1 his   
principal use of them being in these    
games of skill--and  then puts them1 in 
a little pile1 into the boy's hand1 and 
takes him  out to the door2 leaving ,mr4
 ,snagsby1 not by any means comfortable 
under these mysterious circumstances1   
alone with the vailed figure4  ,but on  
,mr4 ,tulkinghorn's coming into the     
room1 the vail is raised1  and a        
sufficiently good-looking ,frenchwoman  
is revealed1 though her  expression is  
something of the intensest4    ,thank   
you1 ,mademoiselle ,hortense1 says ,mr4 
,tulkinghorn1 with his  usual           
equanimity4 ,i will give you no further 
trouble about this little  wager4       
,you will do me the kindness to         
remember1 sir1 that ,i am not at present
  placed8 said ,mademoiselle4           
,certainly1 certainly6    ,and to confer

 upon me the favor of your distinguished
 recommendation8    ,by all means1      
,mademoiselle ,hortense4    ,a word from
 ,mr4 ,tulkinghorn is so powerful4--,it 
shall not be  wanting1                  
,mademoiselle4--,receive the assurance  
of my devoted gratitude  dear           
sir4--,good-night4 ,mademoiselle goes   
out with an air of native  gentility2   
and ,mr4 ,bucket1 to whom it is1 on an  
emergency1 as natural  to be groom of   
the ceremonies as it is to be any thing 
else1 shows her  down stairs1 not       
without gallantry4    ,well1 ,bucket8   
quoth ,mr4 ,tulkinghorn on his return4  
,it's all squared1 you see1 as ,i       
squared it myself1 sir4 ,there an't a   
doubt that it was the other one with    
this one's dress on4 ,the boy was  exact
 respecting colors and every thing4 ,mr4
 ,snagsby1 ,i promised you1  as a man1  
that he should be sent away all right4  
,don't say it wasn't  done6    ,you have
 kept your word1 sir1 returns the       
stationer2 and if ,i can be  of no      

further use1 ,mr4 ,tulkinghorn1 ,i      
think1 as my little woman will be       
getting anxious--    ,thank you1        
,snagsby1 no further use1 says ,mr4     
,tulkinghorn4 ,i am quite  indebted to  
you for the trouble you have taken      
already4    ,not at all1 sir4 ,i wish   
you good-night4    ,you see1 ,mr4       
,snagsby1 says ,mr4 ,bucket1            
accompanying him to the door1  and      
shaking hands with him over and over    
again1 what ,i like in you1  is1 that   
you're a man it's of no use pumping2    
that's what you are4  ,when you know you
 have done a right thing1 you put it    
away1 and it's  done with and gone1 and 
there's an end of it4 ,that's what you  
do4    ,that is certainly what ,i       
endeavor to do1 sir1 returns ,mr4       
,snagsby4    ,no1 you don't do yourself 
justice4 ,it an't what you endeavor to  
do1 says ,mr4 ,bucket1 shaking hands    
with him and blessing him in the        
tenderest manner1 it's what you do4     
,that's what ,i estimate in a man  in   

your way of business4    ,mr4 ,snagsby  
makes a suitable response2 and goes     
homeward so confused  by the events of  
the evening1 that he is doubtful of his 
being awake  and out--doubtful of the   
reality of the streets through which he 
goes--doubtful of the reality of the    
moon that shines above him4 ,he  is     
presently reassured on these subjects1  
by the unchallengeable  reality of ,mrs4
 ,snagsby1 sitting up with her head in a
 perfect beehive  of curl-papers and    
nightcap2 who has dispatched ,guster to 
the police  station with official       
intelligence of her husband's being made
 away  with1 and who1 within the last   
two hours1 has passed through every     
stage of swooning with the greatest     
decorum4 ,but1 as the little woman      
feelingly says1 many thanks she gets for
 it6          ,,monsters ,,of ,,faith4  
,we people in this western world1 have1 
in our time1 not less than  those who   
went before us1 been witnesses of many  
acts of eccentric and  exaggerated      

faith4 ,we have seen this virtue dressed
 in many a guise1  tricked out in many a
 hue4 ,we have seen it in the meanest   
and the  highest4    ,but what is cold1 
dwarfed1 ,european faith1 when compared 
with the huge  monstrous faith of the   
barbarous land of the sun8 ,the two will
 no more  bear comparison than will the 
,surrey ,hills compare with the         
,himalayas1  or the ,thames and the     
,garonne bear being mentioned beside the
 ,ganges  and the ,burrumpootra4 ,the   
scenes ,i am about to relate are not    
selected  for their rarity or for any   
peculiarity about them2 they may be met 
with at any of the many festivals1 or   
,poojahs1 throughout ,india proper4     
,the village at which the festival ,i   
witnessed was held1 was not very  far   
distant from one of the leading cities  
of ,bengal1 a city numbering  possibly  
half a million of inhabitants1 with a   
highly populous country  round about it 
for many a league4 ,the reader will1    
therefore1 readily  imagine the crowding

 and rushing which took place from all  
sides1 to  witness the festival of a    
deity in whom all believed1 for1 away   
from  the south1 there are comparatively
 but few of any other faith than        
,hindooism4    ,it was high noon when ,i
 arrived on the ground in my palanquin2 
and  by favor of the friendship of the  
,british collector of ,howdahpore ,i    
was admitted within the most privileged 
circle1 and took up my stand  beneath   
the pleasant shade of a wide-spreading  
,jambo tree4 ,i had time  and           
opportunity to note the place and the   
people2 for the sacred  operations had  
not as yet commenced4 ,the spot we were 
assembled in was  in an extensive valley
 lightly wooded at intervals1 and       
commanding a  picturesque view of a     
rather wide river which flowed on to    
,howdahpore1  and was now busy with many
 boats loaded with passengers4 ,on the  
river  bank nearest to us1 a number of  
bamboo and leaf sheds had been hastily  
erected1 in which carousals and         

amusements of various kinds were in     
progress or preparation4 ,flowers       
decorated the ample doorways1 and  hung 
festooned from many a roof2 while high  
above1 wooing in vain a  passing breeze 
and brightly glaring in the noon-day    
tropic sun1 gay  streamers drooped in   
burning listlessness4 ,from the topmost 
summits of  some of the loftiest        
trees--and they are lofty here--long    
tapering  poles extended other flags and
 strips of colored cloth4 ,in cool1     
shady  nooks1 where clumps of spreading 
jungle kindly grew1 at other times the  
haunts of fiercest tigers1 or worse1 of 
cruel ,thugs1 small knots of  ,hindoo   
families of rank were grouped in silent 
watchfulness4 ,the lordly  ,zemindar of 
the district2 the exacting ,tulukdhar1  
the terror of village  ryots2 the       
grinding ,putindhar3 all these were     
there in eastern feudal  pomp4    ,far  
as the eye could reach1 the rich green  
valley teemed with human  life4         
,thousands on thousands flocked from    

many a point1 and pressed  to where the 
gaudy flags and beating drums told of   
the approaching  ,poojah4 ,the steady   
hum of the vast multitude seemed like   
the ocean's  fall on some far distant   
shore4 ,grief1 joy1 pain1 pleasure1     
prayers  and songs1 blended with howling
 madness1 or cries of devotees1 in one  
strange1 stormy discord2 the heat and   
glare1 the many new and striking  garbs1
 the sea of dusky visages and brightly  
glaring eyes1 mixed with  the varied    
gorgeous foliage1 and flinging into     
contrast the lovely  gentleness of      
distant hills and woods1 made up a whole
 not easy to  forget1 yet difficult to  
paint4    ,but my attention was before  
long directed to some preparations in   
progress not far from where ,i stood4 ,i
 had observed several huge poles        
standing at a great height1 with ropes  
and some apparatus attached to  them1   
the use of which ,i knew from report    
alone4 ,here ,i now remarked a  great   
deal of bustling activity2 a number of  

attendants were beating  back the crowd 
in order to clear a space around one of 
the loftiest of  the poles ,i have      
mentioned4 ,this was a work of much     
difficulty1 for  the mob was both       
excited and dense4 ,at length1 however1 
they succeeded  in the task1 and finding
 the ground before me pretty clear1 ,i  
advanced  close to the scene of action4 
,round about the pole were a number of  
,fakirs or ,ascetics1 a sort of         
self-mutilated hermits1 who hope and    
firmly believe that1 by distorting their
 limbs into all sorts of  impossible    
positions and shapes1 they have insured 
the favor of some  unpronounceable      
divinity1 and with that a ready and     
certain passport  to some future state  
about which they have not the most      
remote idea1  which renders their       
devotion the more praiseworthy4         
,there was one miserable object1 with   
his long matted locks of dirty  red     
streaming over his shoulders1 and one   
withered arm and hand held  blighted    

high above his head1 immovable4 ,it had 
been forced into that  unnatural        
position years ago1 and what was then an
 act of free-will1  was now a matter of 
necessity2 the arm would no longer      
return to its  true position1 but       
pointed in its thin and bony haggardness
 to heaven4  ,another dark-eyed1        
dark-haired ascetic had held his hands  
for years  so firmly clasped together1  
that the long talon-like nails were to  
be  seen growing through the palms of   
his hands and appearing at the back4    
,some ,i saw with thick rope actually   
threaded through their flesh quite      
round their bodies1 many times in       
bleeding coils2 more than one young     
woman was there with her neck and       
shoulders thickly studded over with     
sharp short needles stuck firmly in the 
flesh4 ,one man1 a young man1  too1 had 
forced a sort of spear right through the
 fleshy part of his  foot1 with the     
thick wooden handle downward1 on which  
he walked1 quite  indifferent to any    

sort of inconvenience4 ,there was no    
lack of others1  all self-tortured1     
maimed1 and trussed1 and skewered1 as   
though about  to be spitted and put down
 to the fire4    ,the object which all  
by one consent agreed to gaze at1 was a 
young  and pretty-looking girl1 almost a
 child in manner1 who sat upon the      
ground so sadly1 yet so calm and almost 
happy1 that ,i could not  persuade      
myself one so young and gentle was about
 to be barbarously  tortured4 ,yet so it
 was4 ,it appeared that her husband had1
 months  since1 gone upon some distant1 
dangerous journey2 that being long      
absent1 and rumors raised in the native 
bazaar of his death1 she1 the  anxious  
wife1 had vowed to ,siva1 the protector 
of life1 to undergo  self-torture on his
 next festival if her loved husband's   
life should  be spared4 ,he had         
returned1 and now1 mighty in faith and  
love1 this  simple-minded1              
single-hearted creature gave up herself 
to pain such  as the stoutest of our sex

 or race might shrink from4 ,she sat    
looking  fondly on her little infant as 
it lay asleep in the arms of an old     
nurse1 all unconscious of the mother's  
sacrifice1 and turning her eyes  from   
that to her husband1 who stood near in a
 wild1 excited state1 she  gave the     
signal that she was ready4 ,the         
stout-limbed1 burly-bodied  husband     
rushed like a tiger at such of the crowd
 as attempted to press  too near the    
sacrificial girl3 he had a staff in his 
hand1 and with it  played such a tune on
 bare and turbaned heads and ebony      
shoulders1 as  brought down many an     
angry malediction on the player4 ,the   
nurse with  the infant moved further    
away among the crowd of admiring        
spectators4  ,two or three persons1 men 
and women1 pressed forward to adjust the
  horrid-looking hooks4 ,was it         
possible1 ,i thought1 that those huge   
instruments of torture1 heavy enough to 
hold an elephant1 were to be  forced    
into the flesh of that gentle girl6 ,i  

felt sick as ,i saw the  poor child     
stretched upon her face1 and first one  
and then the other  of those ugly1      
crooked pieces of iron forced slowly    
through the flesh  and below the muscles
 of her back4 ,they lifted her up1 and  
as ,i watched  her1 ,i saw big drops of 
perspiration starting from her forehead2
 her  small eyes seemed closed at first1
 and1 for the moment1 ,i fancied she    
had fainted2 but as they raised her to  
her feet1 and then quickly drew  her up 
in the air high above us1 hanging by    
those two horrid hooks1 ,i  saw her     
looking down quite placidly4 ,she sought
 her husband out1 and  seeing him       
watching her eagerly1 gave him a smile1 
and1 waving her  little hands1 drew from
 her bosom small pieces of the sacred   
cocoa-nut  and flung them amid the      
gazing crowd4 ,to scramble for and      
obtain one of  these precious fragments 
was deemed a fortunate thing1 for they  
were  supposed to contain all sorts of  
charmed powers4    ,and now the ,poojah 

was fairly commenced4 ,the ropes which  
carried the  iron hooks were so         
arranged1 that by pulling one end--which
 passed over  the top of the pole--it   
swung round a plate of iron which set in
 motion  the other rope holding the     
hooks and the living operator4 ,two men 
seized on this rope1 and soon the poor  
girl was in rapid flight over  the heads
 of the crowd1 who cheered her on by a  
variety of wild cries1  and shouts1 and 
songs4 ,not that she seemed to need     
encouragement2 her  eyes were still bent
 toward her husband2 ,i almost fancied  
she smiled  as she caught his eye4      
,there was no sign of pain1 or          
shrinking1 or  yielding3 she bore it as 
many a hero of the old world would have 
been  proud to have done1 scattering    
beneath her flowers and fruit among the 
busy throng4    ,i felt as though a     
heavy weight were off my mind when ,i   
perceived the  whirling motion of the   
ropes first to slacken1 and then to     
cease1  and finally the girl1 all       

bleeding1 relieved from the cruel       
torture4  ,they laid her on a mat       
beneath some shady trees3 the women gave
 her a  draught of cool water in a      
cocoa-nut shell4 ,but her thoughts were 
not  upon herself3 she looked anxiously 
around1 and could not be satisfied      
until her husband sat beside her1 and   
their little swarthy infant was  placed 
within her arms4 ,the only care her deep
 and open wounds received  was to have  
them rubbed with a little turmeric      
powder1 and covered with  the fresh     
tender leaf of a banana4    ,leaving    
this family group1 ,i turned back to    
watch the further  proceedings around   
the huge pole1 where there was once more
 a great  bustle and pressing among the 
crowd4 ,this time the operator1 or      
sufferer1 whichever would be the most   
fitting term1 was a man of middle  age1 
and of the lowest ranks of the laboring 
class4 ,he appeared to be  perfectly    
indifferent to any thing like suffering1
 as the two operators  seized the flesh 

of his back1 and another roughly thrust 
through it two  hooks4 ,in another      
minute he was whirling through the air  
as rapidly  as the attendants could     
force him2 still he seemed anxious to   
travel  faster1 and by signs and cries  
urged them to increased speed4 ,the mob 
was delighted with this exhibition of   
perfect endurance and enthusiasm1  and  
testified their approbation in a variety
 of modes4 ,this man  remained swinging 
for fully twenty minutes1 at the end of 
which time he  was released3 somewhat   
less excited1 ,i fancied1 than when he  
was first  hoisted in the air4 ,i failed
 to learn his story1 but it had         
reference1  beyond a doubt1 to some     
escape from danger1 real or imaginary1  
and1 of  course1 imputed to the direct  
interposition of the powerful ,siva1 or 
some equally efficacious deputy4 ,the   
medical treatment of this devotee  was  
on the ruder scale1 and would have      
shocked the feelings and science  of    
some of our army surgeons1 to say       

nothing of civil practitioners4  ,the   
root of turmeric was again employed1 in 
fine powder1 but placed in  the wounds  
most hastily1 and1 by way of forcing it 
thoroughly in1 some  one stood on his   
back1 and trod in the powder with his   
heel4    ,i saw one other man hoisted   
up4 ,he had taken the vow in order to   
save  the life of a much-loved sister's 
child2 and as he swung round and  round 
in stoical indifference1 the sister1 a  
young creature with her  little infant1 
sat looking at him as if she would      
willingly have borne  the suffering in  
his stead4 ,doubtless there was a love  
linking these  poor creatures together  
in their ignorance2 which1 mighty as it 
was1  would have done honor to any      
highly-gifted dwellers in the west4     
,and1  it must be remembered1 their     
sacrifice was for the past2 it was one  
of gratitude1 and not of hope or fear   
for the future4 ,their prayers  had been
 heard2 and1 although they knew not of  
that undying ,providence  which had     

listened to their voice and spared the  
young child's life1  they turned to such
 stone and wooden deities as their      
forefathers had  set up1 and devoutly   
kept their vow4    ,there were other    
victims yet to be self-offered2 but ,i  
had had enough1  and the heat1 and the  
noise1 and the many strange effluvia    
were growing  so rank and overpowering1 
that ,i prepared to retreat4 ,as ,i     
returned  through the dense crowd which 
made way for me1 ,i perceived an aged   
woman preparing for a swing as stoically
 as any of the younger devotees  who had
 gone before her4 ,a tall1              
powerful-looking man was standing by    
her side1 watching the preparations with
 considerable interest4 ,he  was her    
son2 and1 as ,i learnt1 the cause of her
 present appearance  in public4 ,it had 
been some seven or eight years          
previously that the  vow had been made  
to the stone deity2 which1 as they      
believed1 had  acted as a miracle and   
saved his life4 ,it would have been     

fulfilled at  once1 but first poverty1  
and then ill-health1 had stood in the   
way of  its performance2 and now1 after 
this long lapse being able to pay the   
necessary fees to the priests1 she had  
left her distant home to carry  out the 
never-to-be-forgotten vow4 ,as ,i moved 
away in the distance1 ,i  heard the     
shouts of the enraptured multitude      
raised in honor of the old  lady's      
fortitude2 cry after cry floated on the 
breeze1 and died away  in the din of    
drums1 and pipes1 and bells4    ,for    
miles the country round about was       
covered with festivity and  uproar4     
,hundreds of fanatic companies were     
reveling in religious  festive rites4   
,in one leaf and bamboo shed1 larger    
than the rest1 ,i  noticed1 as ,i looked
 in unperceived1 the young self-offered 
wife of  that day1 as gay and           
unconcerned by pain as any of the party2
 ,i might  have fancied she had but just
 been married1 instead of hanging in the
  air upon cruel hooks4          ,,life 

,,and ,,death ,,of ,,paganini4          
,genius--talent1 whatever its           
extent--can not always count upon       
popularity4 ,susceptibility of the      
highest conceptions1 of the most        
sublime creations1 frequently fails in  
securing the attention of the           
multitude4 ,how to attain this most     
coveted point8 ,it would be difficult   
to arrive at any precise conclusion1    
from the fact that it applies to        
matters totally differing from each     
other2 it is1 however1 perhaps  possible
 to define the aggregation of qualities 
required to move the  public in masses1 
by calling it sympathetic wonderment1   
and its  originality is one of its      
absolute conditions4 ,many names1       
doubtless1  recall talents of the first 
order1 and personalities of the highest 
value2 yet1 notwithstanding their having
 been duly appreciated by the           
intelligent and enlightened classes1    
they have not always called forth  those
 outbursts of enthusiasm1 which were    

manifested toward the truly  prodigious 
artist who is the object of this notice4
    ,nicolo ,paganini1 the most         
extraordinary musical genius of the     
#aith  century1 was born at ,genoa1 on  
the #ahth of ,february1 #aghd4 ,his     
father1  ,antoine ,paganini1 a          
commercial broker1 or simple post clerk1
 according  to some biographers1 was    
passionately fond of music1 and played  
upon  the mandoline4 ,his penetration   
soon discovered the aptitude of his  son
 for this art1 and he resolved that     
study should develope it4 ,his          
excessive severity had probably led to  
contrary results to those he  expected1 
had not the younger ,paganini been      
endowed with the firm  determination of 
becoming an artist4 ,from the age of six
 years he was  a musician1 and played   
the violin4 ,the ill treatment to which 
he was  subjected during this period of 
his youth1 appears to have exercised a  
fatal influence over his nervous and    
delicate constitution4 ,from his  first 

attempts he was imbued with the         
disposition to execute feats of         
strength and agility upon his           
instrument2 and his instinct urged him  
to  attempt the most extraordinary      
things4    ,his father's lessons soon   
became useless1 and ,servetto1 a        
musician  of the theatre1 at ,genoa1    
became his teacher2 but even he was not 
possessed of sufficient ability to      
benefit this predestined artist4        
,paganini received his instructions for 
a short period only1 and he was  placed 
under ,giacomo ,costa1 director of      
music1 and principal violinist  of the  
churches of ,genoa1 under whose care he 
progressed rapidly4 ,he  had now        
attained his eighth year1 when he wrote 
his ,sonata1 which he  unfortunately    
took no care of1 and has been lost among
 many other of  his productions4        
,having reached his ninth year1 the     
young virtuoso appeared in public1  for 
the first time1 in a performance at the 
large theatre of his  native town2 and  

this extraordinary child played         
variations of his  own composition on   
the ,french air1 la ,carmagnole1 amid   
the frenzied  acclamations of an        
enthusiastic audience4 ,about this      
period of his  life the father was      
advised1 by judicious friends1 to place 
the boy  under good masters of the      
violin and composition2 and he shortly  
after  took him to ,parma1 where        
,alexander ,rolla then resided1 so      
celebrated  for his performance as      
conductor of the orchestra1 and         
composer4  ,paganini was now twelve     
years of age4 ,the following anecdote1  
related  by ,m4 ,schottky1 and which    
,paganini published in a ,vienna        
journal1  furnishes interesting details 
of the master's first interview with the
  young artist3 ,on arriving at ,rolla's
 house1 he said1 we found him  ill1 and 
in bed4 ,his wife conducted us into a   
room adjoining the one  where the sick  
man lay1 in order to concert with her   
husband1 who1 it  appeared1 was not at  

all disposed to receive us4 ,perceiving 
upon the  table of the chamber into     
which we were ushered1 a violin1 and the
  last concerto of ,rolla1 ,i took up   
the violin1 and played the piece at     
first sight4 ,surprised at what he      
heard1 the composer inquired the  name  
of the virtuoso he had just heard4 ,when
 he heard the virtuoso  was only a mere 
lad1 he would not give credence to the  
fact unless by  ocular demonstration4   
,thus satisfied1 he told me1 that he    
could teach  me nothing1 and recommended
 me to take lessons on composition from 
,par4 ,even now1 ,paganini was occupied 
in discovering new effects on  his      
instrument4 ,it was1 however1 only after
 his return to ,genoa1 that  ,paganini  
wrote his first compositions for the    
violin4 ,this music was  so difficult   
that he was obliged to study it himself 
with increasing  perseverance1 and to   
make constant efforts to solve problems 
unknown to  all other violinists4       
,quitting ,parma1 at the commencement of

 #agig1 ,paganini made his first        
professional tour1 with his father1 of  
all the principal towns in  ,lombardy1  
and commenced a matchless reputation4   
,on his return to  ,genoa1 and after    
having in solitude made the efforts     
necessary for  the development of his   
talent1 he began to feel the weight of  
the  chain by which he was held by his  
father1 and determined to release       
himself from the ill treatment to which 
he was still subjected under  the       
paternal roof4 ,a favorable opportunity 
alone was required to favor  his design4
 ,this soon presented itself4 ,the fte  
of ,st4 ,martin was  celebrated annually
 at ,lucca by a musical festival1 to    
which persons  flocked from every part  
of ,italy4 ,as this period approached1  
,paganini  entreated his father to      
permit him to attend it1 accompanied by 
his  elder brother4 ,his demand was at  
first met with a peremptory refusal2    
but the solicitations of the son1 and   
the prayers of the mother1  finally     

prevailed1 and the heart of the young   
artist1 at liberty for  the first time1 
bounded with joy1 and he set out        
agitated by dreams  of success and      
happiness4 ,at ,lucca he was received   
with enthusiasm4  ,encouraged by this   
propitious dbut1 he visited ,pisa1 and  
some other  towns1 in all of which his  
success was unequivocal4 ,paganini had  
not  yet attained his fifteenth year4   
,this is not the age of prudence4 ,his  
moral education1 besides1 had been      
grossly neglected1 and the severity     
which assailed his more youthful years1 
was not calculated to awaken  him to the
 dangers of a free life3 and he formed  
dangerous connections4  ,paganini1 in   
this manner1 frequently lost the produce
 of several  concerts in one night1 and 
was consequently often in a state of    
great  embarrassment1 and frequently    
reduced to part with his violin4 ,in    
this  condition he found himself at     
,leghorn1 and was indebted to the       
kindness  of a ,french merchant 7,m4    

,livron71 a distinguished amateur1 for  
the loan  of a violin1 an excellent     
,guarneri4 ,when the concert had        
concluded1  ,paganini brought it back to
 its owner1 when this gentleman         
exclaimed1  ,never will ,i profane      
strings which your fingers have touched6
 that  instrument is now yours4 ,this is
 the violin ,paganini since used in all 
his concerts4    ,adventures of every   
kind signalize this period of           
,paganini's early  days2 the enthusiasm 
of art1 love1 and gaming1 divided his   
time1  despite the warnings of a        
delicate constitution1 which proclaimed 
the  necessity of great care4 ,heedless 
of every thing1 he continued his  career
 of dissipation1 until the prostration  
of his faculties forced a  respite4 ,he 
would then lie by for several weeks1 in 
a state of absolute  repose1 until1 with
 energies refreshed1 he recommenced his 
artistic  career and wandering life4 ,it
 was to be feared that this dissolute   
life  would1 ultimately1 deprive the    

world of his marvelous talent1 when an  
unforeseen and important circumstance1  
related by himself1 ended his  fatal    
passion for gaming4    ,i shall never   
forget1 he said1 that ,i1 one day1      
placed myself in  a position which was  
to decide my future4 ,the ,prince of    
---- had1  for some time1 coveted the   
possession of my violin--the only one ,i
  possessed at that period1 and which ,i
 still have4 ,he1 on one particular     
occasion1 was extremely anxious that ,i 
should mention the sum for which  ,i    
would dispose of it2 but1 not wishing to
 part with my instrument1 ,i  declared  
,i would not sell it for #bej gold      
,napoleons4 ,some time after1  the      
prince said to me that ,i was1          
doubtless1 only in jest in asking  such 
a sum1 but that he would be willing to  
give me #b1jjj francs4 ,i  was1 at this 
moment1 in the greatest want of money to
 meet a debt of  honor ,i had incurred  
at play1 and ,i was almost tempted to   
accept the  proffered amount1 when ,i   

received an invitation to a party that  
evening  at a friend's house4 ,all my   
capital consisted of thirty francs1 as  
,i had disposed of all my jewels1 watch1
 rings1 and brooches1 c41 ,i  resolved  
on risking this last resource2 and1 if  
fortune proved fickle1  to sell my      
violin to the prince and proceed to ,st4
 ,petersburg1 without  instrument or    
luggage1 with the view of               
re-establishing my affairs2  my thirty  
francs were reduced to three1 when1     
suddenly1 my fortune  took a sudden     
turn2 and1 with the small remains of my 
capital1 ,i won  #afj francs4 ,this     
amount saved my violin1 and completely  
set me up4  ,from that day ,i abjured   
gaming--to which ,i had sacrificed a    
part of  my youth--convinced that a     
gamester is an object of contempt to all
  well-regulated minds4    ,although he 
was still in the full prime of youth1   
,paganini devoted  his talent steadily  
to success and profit1 when1 in one of  
those  hallucinations to which all great

 artists are subject1 the violin  lost  
its attractions in his eyes4 ,a lady of 
rank having fallen  desperately in love 
with him1 and reciprocated by him1 he   
withdrew  with her to an estate she     
possessed in ,tuscany4 ,this lady played
 the  guitar1 and ,paganini imbibed a   
taste for the instrument1 and applied   
himself as sedulously to its practice as
 he had formerly done with  the violin4 
,he soon discovered new resources2 and  
during a period  of three years1 he     
divided all the energies of his mind    
between its  study1 and agricultural    
pursuits1 for which the lady's estate   
afforded  him ample opportunities4 ,but 
,paganini's former penchant for the     
violin returned1 and he decided on      
resuming his travels4 ,on his return  to
 ,genoa1 in #ahjd1 he occupied himself  
solely with composition4 ,it  appears1  
too1 that at this period he gave        
instruction on the violin to  ,catherine
 ,calcagno1 born at ,genoa1 in #agig1   
who1 at the age of fifteen1  astounded  

,italy by the boldness of her style2 all
 traces of her seem  lost after #ahaf4  
,toward the middle of #ahje1 ,paganini  
left ,genoa1 to  undertake a new tour in
 ,italy4 ,the first town he visited was 
,lucca1  the scene of his first         
successes4 ,here he again created so    
great a  sensation by the concerto he   
performed at a nocturnal festival1 in a 
convent chapel1 that the monks were     
obliged to leave their stalls1 in  order
 to repress the applause which burst    
forth1 despite the sanctity  of the     
place4 ,he was then twenty-one years of 
age4 ,the principality of  ,lucca and   
,piombino had been organized in the     
month of ,march1 of the  same year1 in  
favor of the ,princess ,eliza1 sister of
 ,napoleon1 and  the wife of ,prince    
,bacciochi4 ,the court had fixed its    
residence in  the town of ,lucca4 ,the  
great reputation of the violinist       
induced the  princess to offer him the  
posts of director of her private music1 
and  conductor of the ,opera orchestra1 

which he accepted4 ,the princess1 who   
had appreciated the originality of his  
talent1 excited him to extend  his      
discoveries of novel effects upon his   
instrument4 ,to convince him  of the    
interest he had inspired her with1 she  
granted him the grade of  captain in the
 ,royal ,gendarmerie1 so that he might  
be admitted with  his brilliant costume 
at all the great court receptions4      
,seeking to  vary the effect of his     
instrument at the court concerts1 he    
removed the  second and third strings1  
and composed a dialogue sonata for the  
first  and fourth strings4 ,he has      
related this circumstance himself nearly
 in  the same terms3    ,at ,lucca ,i   
directed the orchestra when the reigning
 family honored  the ,opera with their  
presence4 ,i was often also called upon 
to play  at court3 and then1            
fortnightly1 ,i organized concerts1 and 
announced  to the court a novelty under 
the title of ,scne amoureuse4 ,curiosity
  rose to the highest pitch2 but the    

surprise of all present at court  was   
extreme1 when ,i entered the saloon with
 a violin with only two  strings4 ,i had
 only retained the first and the fourth4
 ,the former was  to express the        
sentiments of a young girl2 the other   
was to express  the passionate language 
of a lover4 ,i had composed a kind of   
dialogue1  in which the most tender     
accents followed the outbursts of       
jealousy4  ,at one time1 chords         
representing most tender appeals2 at    
another1  plaintive reproaches1 cries of
 joy and anger1 felicity and pain4 ,then
  followed the reconciliation2 and the  
lovers1 more persuaded than ever1       
executed a pas de deux1 which terminated
 in a brilliant coda4 ,this  novelty was
 eminently successful4 ,the ,princess   
,eliza lauded me to the  skies2 and said
 to me1 in the most gracious manner     
possible1 ',you  have just performed    
impossibilities--would not a single     
string suffice  for your talent8' ,i    
promised to make the attempt4 ,this idea

 delighted  me2 and1 some weeks after1  
,i composed my military sonata1 entitled
  ,napoleon1 which ,i performed on the  
#beth of ,august1 before a numerous  and
 brilliant court4 ,its success far      
surpassed my expectations4 ,my          
predilection for the ,g string dates    
from this period4    ,in the summer of  
#ahjh1 ,paganini obtained leave to      
travel1 and quitted  ,lucca1 never more 
to return4 ,as the sister of ,napoleon  
had become  ,grand ,duchess of ,tuscany1
 she fixed her residence at ,florence1  
with  all her court1 and where the great
 artist retained his position4 ,he  went
 to ,leghorn1 where1 seven years        
previously1 he had met with so much     
success4 ,he has related1 with much     
humor1 a series of tribulations  which  
happened to him upon the occasion of his
 first concert there4  ,a nail1 he said1
 had run into my heel1 and ,i came on   
limping1 at  which the audience laughed4
 ,at the moment ,i was about to commence
  my concerto1 the candles of my desk   

fell out4 7,another laugh47 ,at  the end
 of the first few bars of the solo1 my  
first string broke1  which increased the
 hilarity of the audience2 but ,i played
 the piece  on the three strings--the   
grins quickly changed into acclamations 
of applause4 ,this broken string        
frequently occurred afterward2 and      
,paganini has been accused of using it  
as a means of success1 having           
previously practiced upon the three     
strings1 pieces which appear to  require
 the use of the first string4    ,from  
,leghorn he went to ,turin1 where       
,paganini was first attacked with  the  
bowel complaint1 which subsequently so  
debilitated his health1 as  frequently  
to cause long interruptions to his      
travels1 and his series  of concerts4   
,being at ,milan in the spring of #ahac1
 he witnessed1 at the theatre of  ,la   
,scala1 the ballet of ,il noce di       
,benevento 7the ,drowned ,one of        
,benevento74 ,it was from this ballet   
,paganini took the theme of his         

celebrated variations1 le ,streghe 7the 
,witches71 from the air being  that to  
which witches appeared4 ,here he was    
again seized with a return  of his      
former malady1 and several months       
elapsed before he could appear  in      
public4 ,it was only on the #bith of    
,october following1 he was enabled  to  
give his first concert1 exciting a      
sensation which the journals of  ,italy 
and ,germany made known to the whole    
world4    ,in the month of ,october1    
#ahad1 he went to ,bologna1 when he saw 
,rossini for the first time1 and        
commenced a friendship which became     
strengthened at ,rome in #ahag1 and at  
,paris in #ahca4    ,in the year #ahag1 
he arrived at ,rome1 and found ,rossini 
there busy in  producing his            
,cenerentola4 ,several concerts he gave 
here during the  ,carnival excited the  
greatest enthusiasm4 ,from this time1   
,paganini  formed the project of leaving
 ,italy to visit the principal cities in
  ,germany and ,france2 and in the year 

#ahai1 he arrived at ,naples4 ,it  is a 
very remarkable circumstance1 that he   
appeared here in a manner  unworthy of  
his great name2 for1 instead of giving  
his first concerts  at ,st4 ,carlo1 he  
modestly commenced at the theatre of the
 ,fondo4    ,on his arrival at ,naples1 
,paganini found several artists         
indisposed  toward him4 ,they doubted   
the reality of the prodigies attributed 
to  him1 and awaited a failure4 ,to put 
his talent to the test1 the young       
composer1 ,danna1 was engaged1 recently 
from the ,conservatory1 to write  a     
quartet1 containing every species of    
difficulty1 convinced that the  great   
violinist would not vanquish them4 ,he  
was1 therefore1 invited to  a musical   
re-union1 where the piece was           
immediately given to him to  play at    
first sight4 ,understanding the snare   
that was laid for him1 he  merely       
glanced at it1 and played it as if he   
had been familiar with it4  ,amazed and 
confounded at what they had heard1 the  

highest approbation  was awarded to him1
 and he was proclaimed a miracle4    ,it
 was during this sojourn at ,naples that
 ,paganini met with one of the  most    
singular adventures of his extraordinary
 life4 ,an alarming relapse  of his     
malady took place2 and1 satisfied that  
any current of air was  injurious to    
him1 he took an apartment in the part of
 the town called  ,petrajo under ,saint 
,elme2 but meeting here that which he   
most sought  to avoid1 and his health   
daily becoming worse1 it was reported   
that he  was consumptive4 ,at ,naples1  
the opinion prevails that consumption is
  contagious4 ,his landlord1 alarmed at 
having in his house one who was         
supposed to be dying of this malady1 had
 the inhumanity to turn him  into the   
street1 with all he possessed4          
,fortunately1 the violoncellist1        
,ciandelli1 the friend of ,paganini1    
happened to be passing1 and1  incensed  
at the act of cruelty he was witness to1
 and which might have  proved fatal to  

the great artist1 belabored the         
barbarian unmercifully  with a stick he 
carried1 and then had his friend        
conveyed to a  comfortable lodging1     
where every attention was paid to him4  
,between #ahbj and #ahbh1 he visited    
,milan1 ,rome1 ,naples1 and ,trieste1   
and  on the #b;d of ,march1 #ahbh1 he   
proceeded to ,vienna4    ,on the #bith  
of ,march1 the first concert of this    
artist threw the  ,viennese population  
into an indescribable paroxysm of       
enthusiasm4  ,the first note he played  
on his ,guarneri 7says ,m4 ,schilling1  
in his  poetical style1 in his ,lexique 
,universel de ,musique7--indeed1 from   
his first step into the room--his       
reputation was decided in ,germany4     
,the ,vienna journals were unlimited in 
hyperbolical expressions of  admiration2
 and all admitted his performance to be 
incomparable4 ,verses  appeared in every
 publication--medals were struck--the   
name of ,paganini  engrossing all2 and1 
as ,m4 ,schottky remarks1 every thing   

was  la  ,paganini4 ,cooks designated   
certain productions after him2 and any  
extraordinary stroke of billiards was   
compared to a bow movement of the       
artist4 ,his portrait appeared on       
snuff-boxes and cigar-cases2 his bust   
surmounted the walking-sticks of the    
fashionable men4 ,after a concert  given
 for the benefit of the poor1 the       
magistrate of ,vienna presented  to     
,paganini the large gold medal of ,st4  
,salvator1 and the emperor  conferred   
upon him the title of virtuoso of his   
private band4    ,after an uninterrupted
 series of triumphs1 during three years1
 the  celebrated artist arrived at      
,paris1 and gave his first concert at   
the ,opera1 the #ith of ,march1 #ahca4  
,his studies for the violin1 which  had 
been published there for some time--a   
species of enigma which  had perplexed  
every violinist--the ,european fame of  
the artist--his  travels and            
triumphs--raised the curiosity of the   
artists and the  public4 ,it were       

impossible to describe the enthusiasm   
his first concert  created--it was      
universal frenzy4 ,the same enthusiasm  
prevailed during  his entire stay in    
,paris4    ,toward the middle of ,may he
 left this city and proceeded to        
,london--where he was expected with the 
utmost impatience1 but not with  that   
artistic and perceptive interest with   
which he had been received  at ,paris4  
,after an absence of six years1         
,paganini again set foot on his native  
soil4 ,the wealth he had amassed in his 
,european tour1 placed him in  a        
position of great independence2 and     
among the various properties  he        
purchased1 was a charming country-house 
in the environs of ,parma1  called la   
,villa ,gajona--here he decided on      
residing4    ,in #ahcf1 speculators     
induced him to lend the aid of his name 
and talent  for establishing a casino1  
of which music was the pretext1 but     
gambling  the real object4 ,this        
establishment1 which was situate in the 

most  fashionable locality of ,paris1   
was opened with considerable splendor at
  the end of ,november1 #ahcg1 under the
 name of ,casino ,paganini2 but the     
government refused to authorize its     
opening as a gambling-house1 and  the   
speculators were reduced to give        
concerts1 which far exceeded the        
expenses of the undertaking4 ,the       
declension of his health was manifest1  
and his wasted strength precluded the   
possibility of his playing at the       
casino4 ,a lawsuit was commenced against
 him1 which he lost2 and the  judges1   
without having heard his defense1       
condemned him to pay #ej1jjj;f4  to the 
creditors of the speculation1 and he was
 deprived of his liberty  until that    
amount was paid4    ,when this decision 
was pronounced1 ,paganini was dying--his
 malady1  which was phthisis of the     
larynx1 had increased since the         
commencement  of #ahci4 ,the medical men
 advised him to proceed to ,marseilles1 
the climate of which they considered    

favorable to his health4 ,he  followed  
this advice1 and traveled by slow stages
 to the southern  extremity4 ,despite   
his extreme weakness1 he went to hear a 
requiem1  by ,cherubini1 for male       
voices2 finally1 on the #bast of ,june1 
he  attended in one of the churches at  
,marseilles1 to take part in a solemn   
mass1 by ,beethoven4 ,however1 the love 
of change1 inherent in all              
valetudinarians1 induced him to return  
to ,genoa by sea1 fully impressed  the  
voyage would recruit his health4 ,vain  
hope6 ,in the commencement of  ,october 
of the same year1 he wrote from his     
native city to ,m4 ,galafre1  a painter1
 an esteemed friend3 ,being in much     
worse health than ,i  was at            
,marseilles1 ,i have resolved on passing
 the winter at ,nice4  ,nice was        
destined to be his last abode4 ,the     
progress of his malady was  rapid--his  
voice became almost extinct1 and        
dreadful fits of coughing1  which daily 
became more frequent1 and1 finally1     

reduced him to a  shadow4 ,the sinking  
of his features1 a certain token of     
approaching  death1 was visible in his  
face4 ,an ,italian writer has furnished 
us with  a most touching description of 
his last moments1 in the following      
terms3    ,on the last night of his     
existence1 he appeared unusually        
tranquil--he  had slept a little3 when  
he awoke1 he requested that the curtains
  of his bed should be drawn aside to   
contemplate the moon1 which1 at  its    
full1 was advancing calmly in the       
immensity of the pure heavens4  ,at this
 solemn hour1 he seemed desirous to     
return to ,nature all the  soft         
sensations which he was then possessed  
of2 stretching forth his  hand toward   
his enchanted violin--to the faithful   
companion of his  travels--to the       
magician which had robbed care of its   
stings--he sent  to heaven1 with its    
last sounds1 the last sigh of a life    
which had been  all melody4    ,the     
great artist expired on the #bgth of    

,may1 #ahdj1 at the age of #ef1  leaving
 to his only son1 ,achille1 an immense  
fortune1 and the title of  ,baron1 which
 had been conceded him in ,germany4 ,all
 had not ended with  the man whose life 
was as extraordinary as his talent4     
,whether from the  effect of certain    
popular rumors1 or whether from         
,paganini having died  without receiving
 the last rites of his church1 he had   
left doubts of  his faith2 his remains  
were refused interment in consecrated   
ground  by the ,bishop of ,nice4 ,vainly
 did his friends solicit permission to  
celebrate a solemn service for his      
eternal rest2 the bishop remained       
inexorable1 but proffered an authentic  
act of decease1 with permission  to     
remove the body wheresoever they        
pleased4 ,this was not accepted1  and   
the matter was brought before the       
tribunals4 ,all this time1 the  body was
 remaining in one of the rooms of the   
hospital at ,nice2 it was  afterward    
removed by sea from the lazaretto of    

,villa ,franca1 near that  city1 to a   
country spot named ,polcevera1 near     
,genoa1 which belonged  to the          
inheritance of the illustrious artist4  
,at length1 the friends  of the deceased
 obtained permission from the bishop of 
,parma to bring  the body into the      
,duchy1 to remove it to the ,villa      
,gajona1 and to  inter it in the village
 church4 ,this funeral homage was       
rendered to  the remains of this        
celebrated man1 in the month of ,may1   
#ahde1 but  without pomp1 in conformity 
with the orders which had emanated from 
the  government4    ,by his will1 made  
on the #bgth of ,april1 #ahcg1 and      
opened the #ast of  ,june1 #ahdj1       
,paganini left to his son1 legitimized  
by deeds of law1 a  fortune estimated at
 two millions 7#hj1jjj sterling71 out of
 which two  legacies were to be paid1 of
 fifty and sixty thousand francs1 to his
  two sisters1 leaving to the mother of 
his son1 ,achille1 an annuity  of #a1bjj
 francs4 ,independently of his wealth1  

,paganini possessed a  collection of    
valuable instruments2 his large         
,guarneri1 the only  instrument which   
accompanied him in his travels1 he      
bequeathed to the  town of ,genoa1 not  
being desirous that an artist should    
possess it  after him4          ,,number
 ,,nineteen ,,in ,,our ,,street4        
,number ,nineteen in our street is a    
gloomy house1 with a blistered door  and
 a cavernous step2 with a hungry area   
and a desolate frontage4  ,the windows  
are like prison-slips1 only a trifle    
darker1 and a good  deal dirtier1 and   
the kitchen-offices might stand proxies 
for the  ,black ,hole of ,calcutta1     
barring the company and the warmth4 ,for
 as  to company1 black beetles1 mice1   
and red ants1 are all that are ever     
seen of animated nature there1 and the  
thermometer rarely stands above         
freezing-point4 ,number ,nineteen is a  
lodging-house1 kept by a poor  old maid1
 whose only friend is her cat1 and whose
 only heirs will be  the parish4 ,with  

the outward world1 excepting such as    
slowly filter  through the rusty opening
 of the blistered door1 ,miss ,rebecca  
,spong has  long ceased to have         
dealings4 ,she hangs a certain piece of 
card-board1  with ,lodgings to ,let1    
printed in school-girl print1           
unconscious of  straight lines1 across  
it2 and this act of public notification1
 coupled  with anxious peepings over the
 blinds of the parlor front1 is all the 
intercourse which she and the world of  
men hold together4 ,every now and  then1
 indeed1 a mangy cab may be seen driving
 up to her worn-out step2  and dingy    
individuals1 of the kind who travel     
about with small square  boxes1 covered 
with marbled paper1 and secured with    
knotted cords  of different sizes1 may  
be witnessed taking possession of       
,nineteen1  in a melancholy and         
mysterious way4 ,but even these         
visitations1  unsatisfactory as most    
lodging-house keepers would consider    
them1 are  few and far between2 for     

somehow the people who come and go never
 seem  to have any friends or relations 
whereby ,miss ,spong may improve her    
connection4 ,you never see the postman  
stop at that desolate door2 you  never  
hear a visitor's knock on that rusty    
lion's head2 no unnecessary  traffic of 
social life ever takes place behind     
those dusty blinds2  it might be the    
home of a select party of ,trappists1 or
 the favorite  hiding-place of coiners1 
for all the sunshine of external        
humanity that  is suffered to enter     
those interior recesses4 ,if a murder   
had been  committed in every room1 from 
the attics to the cellar1 a heavier     
spell  of solitude and desolation could 
not rest on its floors4    ,one dreary  
afternoon in ,november1 a cab stopped at
 ,number ,nineteen4  ,it was a railway  
cab1 less worn and ghastly than those   
vehicles in  general1 but not bringing  
much evidence of gayety or wealth for   
all  that4 ,its inmates were a widow and
 a boy of about fifteen2 and all the    

possessions they had with them were     
contained in one trunk of very  moderate
 dimensions1 a cage with a canary-bird  
twittering inside1  some pots of        
flowers1 and a little white rabbit1 one 
of the comical  lop-eared kind4 ,there  
was something very touching in these    
evidences  of the fresh country life    
which they had left for the dull        
atmosphere  and steaming fogs of the    
metropolis4 ,they told a sad tale of old
  associations broken1 and old loves    
forsworn2 of days of comfort and        
prosperity exchanged for the dreariness 
of poverty2 and freedom1 love1  and     
happiness1 all snapped asunder for the  
leaden chain of suffering to  be forged 
instead4 ,one could not help thinking of
 all those two hapless  people must have
 gone through before they could have    
summoned courage  to leave their own    
dear village1 where they had lived so   
many years in  that local honorableness 
of the clergyman's family2 throwing     
themselves  out of the society which    

knew and loved them1 that they might    
enter a  harsh world1 where they must   
make their own position1 and earn their 
own living1 unaided by sympathy1 honor1 
or affection4 ,they looked as  if they  
themselves thought something of this1   
too1 when they took  possession of the  
desolate second floor2 and the widow sat
 down near  her son1 and taking his hand
 in hers1 gave vent to a flood of tears1
  which ended by unmanning the boy as   
well4 ,and then they shut up the  window
 carefully1 and nothing more was seen of
 them that night4    ,mrs4 ,lawson1 the 
widow1 was a mild1 lady-like person1    
whose face bore  the marks of recent    
affliction1 and whose whole appearance  
and manners  were those of a loving1    
gentle1 unenergetic1 and helpless woman1
  whom sorrow could well crush beyond   
all power of resistance4 ,the boy  was a
 tall1 thin youth1 with a hectic flush  
and a hollow cough1 eyes  bright and    
restless1 and as manifestly nervous as  
his mother was the  reverse in          

temperament--anxious and restless1 and  
continually taxing  his strength beyond 
its power1 making himself seriously ill 
in his  endeavors to save his beloved   
mother some small trouble4 ,they seemed 
to be very tenderly attached one to the 
other1 and to supply to each  all that  
was wanting in each3 the mother's       
gentleness soothing down  her boy's     
excitability1 and the boy's nervousness 
rousing the mother  to exertion4 ,they  
were interesting people--so lonely1     
apparently so  unfit to rough it1 in the
 world2 the mother so gentle in temper1 
and  the son so frail in                
constitution--two people who ought to   
have been  protected from all ill and   
all cares1 yet who had such a bitter cup
 to  empty1 such a harsh fate to        
fulfill4    ,they were very poor4 ,the  
mother used to go out with a small      
basket  on her arm1 which could hold but
 scanty supplies for two full-grown     
people4 ,yet this was the only store    
they had2 for no baker1 no butcher1  no 

milkman1 grocer1 or poulterer1 ever     
stopped at the area gate of  ,miss      
,rebecca ,spong2 no purveyor of higher  
grade than a cat's-meat-man  was ever   
seen to hand provisions into the depths 
of ,number ,nineteen's  darkness4 ,the  
old maid herself was poor2 and she1 too1
 used to do her  marketing on the basket
 principle2 carrying home1 generally at 
night1  odd scraps from the open stalls 
in ,tottenham ,court ,road1 which she   
had picked up as bargains1 and dividing 
equally between herself and  her fagged 
servant-of-all-work the wretched meal   
which would not have  been too ample for
 one4 ,she therefore could not help her 
lodgers1 and  they all scrambled on over
 the desolate places of poverty as they 
best  might4 ,in general1 tea1 sugar1   
bread1 a little rice1 a little coffee   
as a change1 a scrap of butter which no 
cow that ever yielded milk  would have  
acknowledged--these were the usual items
 of ,mrs4 ,lawson's  marketing1 on which
 she and her young son were to be       

nourished4 ,and on  such poor fare as   
this was that pale boy expected to      
become a hearty  man8 ,the mother could 
not1 did not expect it4 ,else why were  
the tears  in her eyes so often as she  
returned8 and why did she hang over her 
son1 and caress him fondly1 as if in    
deprecation1 when she brought him  his  
wretched meal1 seeming to lament1 to    
blame herself1 too1 that she  had not   
been able to provide him any thing      
better8 ,poor things6 poor  things6     
,mrs4 ,lawson seemed at last to get some
 employment4 ,she had been seeking  for 
it long--to judge by her frequent       
absences from home1 and the  weary look 
of disappointment she wore when she     
returned4 ,but at last  the opening was 
found1 and she set to work in earnest4  
,she used to go  out early in the       
morning1 and not return until late in   
the evening1  and then she looked pale  
and tired1 as one whose energies had    
been  overtasked all the day2 but she   
had found no gold-mine4 ,the scanty     

meals were even scantier than before1   
and her shabby mourning was  getting    
shabbier and duller4 ,she was evidently 
hard-worked for very  little pay2 and   
their condition was not improved1 only  
sustained by  her exertions4 ,things    
seemed to be very bad with them         
altogether1 and  with little hope of    
amendment2 for poor ,mrs4 ,lawson had   
been brought  up as a lady1 and so was  
doubly incapable--by education as well  
as by  temperament--of gaining her own  
living4 ,she was now employed as daily  
governess in the family of a city       
tradesman--people1 who though they  were
 kindly-natured enough1 had as much as  
they could do in keeping  their own     
fortunes afloat without giving any      
substantial aid to others1  and who had 
therefore engaged her at the lowest     
possible salary1 such  as was barely    
sufficient to keep her and her son from 
absolute want4    ,the boy had long been
 very busy4 ,he used to sit by the      
window all the  day1 earnestly employed 

with paper and scissors2 and ,i wondered
 what  fascinating occupation he had    
found to chain him for so many hours by 
those chinks and draughts2 for he was   
usually enveloped in shawls1  and       
blankets were hung about his chair1 and 
every tender precaution  taken that he  
should not increase his sickness by     
exposure even to the  ordinary changes  
in the temperature of a dwelling-room4  
,but now1 in  spite of his terrible     
cough1 in spite of his hurried          
breathing1 he used  to sit for hours on 
hours by the dusky window1 cutting and  
cutting at  that eternal paper1 as if   
his very life depended on his task4 ,but
 he  used to gather up the cuttings     
carefully1 and hide all out of sight    
before his mother came home--sometimes  
nearly caught before quite  prepared1   
when he used to show as much trepidation
 as if committing a  crime4    ,this    
went on for some time1 and at last he   
went out4 ,it was fortunately  a fine   
day--a clear1 cold1 ,january day2 but he

 had no sooner breathed  the brisk      
frosty air than a terrible fit of       
coughing seemed to threaten  his frail  
existence4 ,he did not turn back though2
 and ,i watched him  slowly pass down   
the street1 holding on by the rails1 and
 every now  and then stopping to take   
breath4 ,i saw a policeman speak to him 
in  a grave1 compassionating way1 as    
if--seeing that he was so young  and    
feeble1 and so much a stranger1 that he 
was asking his way to  ,oxford-street1  
while going in a totally contrary       
direction--he was  advising him to go   
home1 and to let some one else do his   
business--his  father perhaps2 but the  
boy only smiled1 and shook his head in a
  hopeful way2 and so he went from my   
sight1 though not from my thoughts4     
,this continued daily1 sometimes        
,herbert bringing home a small quantity 
of money1 sometimes only disappointment2
 and these were terrible  trials6 ,at   
last1 the mother was made acquainted    
with her son's new  mode of life1 by the

 treasured #es4 which the poor boy      
thrust into  her hand one evening1 with 
a strange shy pride that brought all the
  blood into his face1 while he kissed  
her with impetuosity to smother  her    
reproaches4 ,she asked him how he had   
got so much money--so much6  and then he
 told her how1 self-taught1 he had      
learned to cut out  figures--dogs and   
landscapes--in colored paper1 which he  
had taken to  the bazaars and           
stationers' shops1 and there disposed   
of--for a mere  trifle truly4 ,for this 
kind of thing is not fashionable1       
mother1  though ,i think the ,queen     
likes them1 he said2 and of course1 if  
not  fashionable1 ,i could not get very 
much for them4 ,so he contented         
himself1 and consoled her1 for the small
 payment of sixpence or a  shilling1    
which perhaps was all he could earn by  
three or four days'  work4    ,the      
mother gently blamed him for his        
imprudence in exposing himself as  he   
had done to the wet and cold--and1 alas6

 these had told sadly on  his weakened  
frame2 but ,herbert was so happy        
to-night1 that she could  not damp his  
pleasure1 even for maternal love2 so she
 reserved the  lecture which must be    
given until to-morrow4 ,and then his    
out-door  expeditions were peremptorily 
forbidden2 and ,miss ,spong was called  
up  to strengthen the prohibition--which
 she did effectually by offering1  in   
her little1 quick1 nervous way1 to take 
,herbert's cuttings to the  shops       
herself1 and thus to spare him the      
necessity of doing so4 ,poor  ,mrs4     
,lawson went up to the little woman1 and
 kissed her cheek like a  sister1 as she
 spoke2 while ,miss ,spong1 so utterly  
unused as she had  been for years to the
 smallest demonstration of affection1   
looked at  first bewildered and aghast1 
and finally sank down on the chair in a 
childish fit of crying4 ,i can not say  
how much the sight of that poor  little 
old maid's tears affected me6 ,they     
seemed to speak of such  long years of  

heart-loneliness--such loving impulses  
strangled by the  chill hand of         
solitude--such weary familiarity with   
that deadness of  life wherein no       
sympathy is bestowed1 no love           
awakened--that ,i felt  as one          
witnessing a dead man recalled to life1 
after all that made  life pleasant had  
fled4 ,what a sorrowful house that      
,number ,nineteen  was6 ,from the       
desolate servant-of-all-work at her     
first place from the  ,foundling1 to the
 half-starved ,german in the attics1    
every inmate of  the house seemed to    
have nothing but the bitter bread of    
affliction to  eat--nothing but the salt
 waters of despair to drink4    ,and now
 began another epoch in the ,lawson     
history1 which shed a sad but  most     
beautiful light over the fading day of  
that young life4    ,a girl of about    
fourteen--she might have been a year or 
so younger--was  once sent from one of  
the stationer's shops to conclude some  
bargain  with the sick paper-cutter4 ,i 

saw her slender figure bound up the     
desolate steps with the light tread of  
youth1 as if she had been a  divine     
being entering the home of human sorrow4
 ,she was one of those  saintly children
 who are sometimes seen blooming like   
white roses1  unstained by time or by   
contact4 ,her hair hung down her neck in
  long1 loose curls1 among which the    
sunlight seemed to have fairly  lost    
itself1 they were so golden bright2 her 
eyes were large1 and  of that deep1 dark
 gray which is so much more beautiful1  
because so  much more intellectual1 than
 any other color eyes can take2 her lips
  were fresh and youthful2 and her      
figure had all that girlish grace of    
fourteen which combines the unconscious 
innocence of the child with the         
exquisite modesty of the maiden4 ,she   
soon became the daily visitor of  the   
,lawsons--pupil to ,herbert4    ,the    
paper-cutting was not wholly laid aside 
though2 in the early  morning1 and in   
the evening1 and often late into the    

night1 the thin1  wan fingers were busy 
about their task2 but the middle of the 
day was  snatched like an hour of sleep 
in the midst of pain--garnered up like a
  fountain of sweet waters in the       
wilderness2 for then it was that little 
,jessie came for her ,latin lesson1     
which she used to learn so well1  and   
take such pleasure in1 and be doubly    
diligent about1 because poor  ,herbert  
,lawson was ill1 and vexation would do  
him harm4 ,does it seem  strange that a 
stationer's daughter should be so       
lovely1 and should  learn ,latin8 ,and  
there those two children used to sit for
 three dear  hours of the day2 she1     
leaning over her book1 her sweet young  
face  bent on her task with a look of   
earnest intellectuality in it1 that     
made her like some sainted maid of olden
 time2 and he watching her  every       
movement1 and listening to every        
syllable1 with a rapt interest  such as 
only very early youth can feel4 ,how    
happy he used to look6 ,how  his face   

would lighten up1 as if an angel's wing 
had swept over it1  when the two gentle 
taps at the door heralded young ,jessie6
 ,how his  boyish reverence1 mixed with 
boyish care1 gave his wasted features an
  expression almost unearthly1 as he    
hung over her so protectingly1 so       
tenderly1 so adoringly6 ,it was so      
different from a man's love6 ,there  was
 something so exquisitely pure and      
spiritual in it--something so           
reverential and so chivalrous--it would 
have been almost a sin to  have had that
 love grow out into a man's strong      
passion6 ,the flowers  she brought      
him--and seldom did a day pass without a
 fresh supply of  violets1 and1 when the
 weather was warmer1 of primroses and   
cowslips1  from her gentle hand--all    
these were cherished more than gold     
would  have been cherished2 the books   
she lent him were never from his side2  
if she touched one of the paltry        
ornaments on the chimney-piece1 that    
ornament was transferred to his own     

private table2 and the chair she  used  
was always kept apart1 and sacred to her
 return4    ,it was very beautiful to   
watch all these manifestations3 for ,i  
did  watch them1 first from my own      
window1 then in the house1 in the midst 
of the lonely family1 comforting when ,i
 could not aid1 and sharing  in the     
griefs ,i could not lessen4 ,under the  
new influence1 the boy  gained such     
loveliness and spiritualism1 that his   
face had an angelic  character1 which1  
though it made young ,jessie feel a     
strange kind of  loving awe for the sick
 boy1 betokened to me1 and to his       
mother1 that  his end was not far off4  
,he was now too weak to sit up1         
excepting for a small part of the day2  
and ,i feared that he would soon become 
too weak to teach1 even in his  gentle  
way1 and with such a gentle pupil4 ,but 
the ,latin exercises still  held their  
place2 the books lying on the sofa      
instead of on the table1  and ,jessie   
sitting by him on a stool1 where he     

could overlook her as  she read3 this   
was all the change2 unless1 indeed1 that
 ,jessie read  aloud more than formerly1
 and not always out of a ,latin book4   
,sometimes  it was poetry1 and sometimes
 it was the ,bible that she read to him2
 and  then he used to stop her1 and pour
 forth such eloquent1 such rapturous    
remarks on what he had heard1 that      
,jessie used to sit and watch him  like 
a young angel holding converse with a   
spirit4 ,she was beginning  to love him 
very deeply in her innocent1 girlish1   
unconscious way2 and  ,i used to see her
 bounding step grow sad and heavy as1   
day by day1 her  brother-like tutor     
seemed to be sinking from earth so fast4
    ,thus passed the winter1 poor ,mrs4 
,lawson toiling painfully at her task1  
and ,herbert falling into death in his2 
but with such happiness in his  heart as
 made his sufferings divine delights1   
and his weakness1 the  holy strength of 
heaven4    ,he could do but little at   
his paper-cutting now1 but still he     

persevered2 and his toil was well       
repaid1 too1 when he gave his mother    
the scanty payment which he received at 
the end of the week1 and felt  that he  
had done his best--that he had helped   
her forward--that he was  no longer an  
idler supported by her sorrow--but that 
he had braced the  burden of labor on to
 his own shoulders also1 weak as they   
were1 and  had taken his place1 though  
dying1 among the manful workers of the  
world4 ,jessie brought a small weekly   
contribution also1 neatly sealed  up in 
fair white paper2 and of these crumpled 
scraps ,herbert used to  cut angels and 
cherubs' heads1 which he would sit and  
look at for hours  together2 and then he
 would pray as if in a trance--so       
earnest and  heartfelt was it--while    
tears of love1 not grief1 would stream  
down his  face1 as his lips moved in    
blessings on that young maiden child4   
,it came at last4 ,he had fought against
 it long and bravely2 but death  is a   
hard adversary1 and can not be          

withstood1 even by the strongest4  ,it  
came1 stealing over him like an evening 
cloud over a star--leaving  him still   
beautiful1 while blotting out his       
light--softening and  purifying1 while  
slowly obliterating his place4 ,day by  
day1 his  weakness increased2 day by    
day1 his pale hands grew paler1 and his 
hollow cheek more wan4 ,but the love in 
his boy's heart hung about his  sick bed
 as flowers that have an eternal        
fragrance from their birth4    ,jessie  
was ever a daily visitor1 though no     
longer now a scholar2 and  her presence 
had all the effect of religion on the   
boy--he was so calm1  and still1 and    
holy1 while she was there4 ,when she was
 gone1 he was  sometimes restless1      
though never peevish2 but he would get  
nervous1 and  unable to fix his mind on 
any thing1 his sick head turning        
incessantly  to the window1 as if vainly
 watching for a shadowy hope1 and his   
thin  fingers plucking ceaselessly at   
his bedclothes1 in restless1 weary1     

unsoothed sorrow4 ,while she sat by him1
 her voice sounding like low  music in  
his ears1 and her hands wandering about 
him in a thousand  offices of gentle    
comforting1 he was like a child sinking 
softly to  sleep--a soul striving upward
 to its home1 beckoned on by the hands  
of  the holier sister before it4    ,and
 thus he died--in the bright spring-time
 of the year1 in the bright  spring-time
 of his life4 ,love had been the cradle 
song of his infancy1  love was the      
requiem of his youth4 ,his was no       
romantic fable1 no  heroic epic2        
adventures1 passions1 fame1 made up none
 of its incidents2  it was simply the   
history of a boy's manful struggling    
against fate--of  the quiet heroism of  
endurance1 compensated by inward        
satisfaction1 if  not by actual         
happiness4    ,true1 his career was in  
the low-lying paths of humanity2 but it 
was  none the less beautiful and pure1  
for it is not deeds1 it is their        
spirit1 which makes men noble1 or leaves

 them stained4 ,had ,herbert  ,lawson   
been a warrior1 statesman1 hero1        
philosopher1 he would have  shown no    
other nature than that which gladdened  
the heart of his  widowed mother1 and   
proved a life's instruction to ,jessie  
,hamilton1 in  his small deeds of love  
and untaught words of faith in the      
solitude  of that lodging-house4 ,brave1
 pure1 noble then1 his sphere only would
  have been enlarged1 and with his      
sphere the weight and power of his      
character2 but the spirit would have    
been the same1 and in the dying  child  
it was as beautiful as it would have    
been in the renowned  philosopher4      
,we have given this simple story--simple
 in all its bearings--as an  instance of
 how much real heroism is daily enacted1
 how much true  morality daily          
cherished1 under the most unfavorable   
conditions4 ,a  widow and her young son 
cast on the world without sufficient    
means of  living--a brave boy battling  
against poverty and sickness combined1  

and  doing his small endeavor with      
manful constancy--a dying youth1 whose  
whole soul is penetrated with love1 as  
with a divine song2 all these  are      
elements of true human interest1 and    
these are circumstances to  be found in 
every street of a crowded city4 ,and to 
such as these is  the divine mission of 
brotherly charity required2 for though  
poverty  may not be relieved by reason  
of our inability1 suffering may always  
be lightened by our sympathy4 ,it takes 
but a word of love1 a glance  of pity1 a
 gentle kiss of affection--it takes but 
an hour of our day1  a prayer at night1 
and we may walk through the sick world  
and the  sorrowful as angels dropping   
balm and comfort on the wounded4 ,the   
cup of such human love as this poured   
freely out will prove in truth  twice   
blessed1 returning back to our hearts   
the peace we have shed on  others4      
,alas6 alas6 how thick the harvest and  
how few the reapers6          ,,gossip  
,,about ,,great ,,men4      ,one can not

 help taking an interest in great men4  
,even their pettiest  foibles--their    
most ordinary actions--their            
by-play--their jokes--are  eagerly      
commemorated4 ,their haunts--their      
homes--the apartments in  which they    
have studied--their style of dress--and1
 above all1 their  familiar             
conversation1 are treasured up in books1
 and fascinate all  readers4 ,trifles   
help to decipher the character of a man1
 often more  than his greatest actions4 
,what is a man's daily life--his private
  conversations--his familiar           
deportment8 ,these1 though they make but
  a small figure in his history1 are    
often the most characteristic and       
genuine things in a man's life4 ,with   
what interest do we think of  blind1    
glorious ,john ,milton1 when writing    
,paradise ,lost1 sitting  at the old    
organ behind the faded green hangings1  
his dimmed eyes  rolling in vain to find
 the day2 of ,richardson1 in his        
back-shop1  writing ,pamela2 of ,cowper 

and his tame hares2 of ,byron and       
,newstead  ,abbey2 of ,burns1 in his    
humble cottage home2 of ,voltaire1 in   
his  retreat of ,ferney1 by the shores  
of ,lake ,leman2 of ,sir ,walter ,scott1
 in  his study at ,abbotsford2 of ,dr4  
,johnson1 in his retreat in ,bolt       
,court2  of ,shakspeare1 and the woods  
of ,charlecote2 of ,pope1 and his house 
at  ,twickenham2 of ,swift1 and his     
living at ,laracor4 ,we are never tired 
of reading of such things1 identified as
 they are with genius1 and  consecrated 
by their association with the names of  
great men4    ,we take an interest in   
even smaller things4 ,everybody         
remembers  ,goldsmith's bloom-colored   
coat2 ,george ,fox's leathern hull2     
,milton's  garb of coarse gray2         
,magliabecchi's great brown vest down to
 his knees1  his broad-brimmed hat1 and 
patched black mantle1 and his cravat    
full  of snuff-droppings2 ,pope's velvet
 cap1 tye-wig1 and sword2 and ,buffon1  
with his hair in curl-papers while      

sitting at his desk4 ,we curiously      
remember ,oliver ,cromwell's warts2     
,wilks's squint2 ,scott's limp2 ,byron's
  club-foot2 ,pope's little crooked     
figure1 like a note of interrogation2   
,johnson's rotundity and rheum2 ,charles
 ,lamb's spindle-shanks in  gaiters2 and
 all manner of personal peculiarities of
 distinguished men4    ,the appetites1  
tastes1 idiosyncracies1 prejudices1     
foibles1 and follies  of great men1 are 
well known4 ,perhaps we think too much  
of them2 but we  take interest in all   
that concerns them1 even the pettiest   
details4 ,it  is often these that give  
an interest to their written life4 ,what
 were  ,boswell's ,johnson1 that best of
 biographies1 were it wanting in its    
gossip and small talk8    ,an           
interesting chapter might be written    
about the weaknesses of great  men4 ,for
 instance1 they have been very notorious
 for their strange fits  of abstraction4
 ,the anecdote of ,archimedes will be   
remembered1 who  rushed through the     

streets of ,syracuse al fresco1 crying  
,eureka6  and at the taking of the city 
was killed by a soldier1 while tracing  
geometrical lines on sand4 ,socrates1   
when filled with some idea1  would stand
 for hours fixed like a statue4 ,it is  
recorded of him  that he stood amidst   
the soldiers in the camp at ,potidea1 in
 rooted  abstraction1 listening to his  
prophetic or supernatural voice4        
,democritus shut himself up for days    
together in a little apartment in  his  
garden4 ,dante was subject to fits of   
abstraction1 in which he often  quite   
forgot himself4 ,one day1 he found an   
interesting book1 which he  had long    
sought for1 in a druggist's shop at     
,sienna1 and sat reading  there till    
night came on4    ,bude1 whom ,erasmus  
called the wonder of ,france1 was a     
thoroughly absent  man4 ,one day his    
domestics broke into his study with the 
intelligence  that his house was on     
fire4 ,go inform my wife1 said he2 you  
know  ,i do not interfere in household  

affairs6 ,scaliger only slept for a  few
 hours at a time1 and passed whole days 
without thinking of food4  ,sully1 when 
his mind was occupied with plans of     
reform1 displayed  extraordinary fits of
 forgetfulness4 ,one day1 in winter1    
when on his  way to church1 he observed1
 ,how very cold it is to-day6 ,not more 
cold than usual1 said one of his        
attendants4 ,then ,i must have the      
ague1 said ,sully4 ,is it not more      
probable that you are too scantily      
dressed8 he was asked4 ,on lifting his  
tunic the secret was at once            
discovered4 ,he had forgotten all his   
under clothing but his breeches6        
,mrs4 ,bray tells a somewhat familiar   
story of the painter ,stothard4 ,when   
invited on one occasion to dine with the
 poet ,rogers1 on reaching the  house in
 ,st4 ,james's ,place1 he complained of 
cold1 and1 chancing to  place his hand  
on his neck1 he found he had forgotten  
to put on his  cravat1 when he hastily  
returned home to complete his attire4   

,buffon was very fond of dress4 ,he     
assumed the air of the grand signeur2   
sported jewels and finery2 wore rich    
lace and velvets2 and was curled  and   
scented to excess--wearing his hair en  
papillotte while at his  studies4 ,pope1
 too1 was a little dandy in a bag-wig   
and a sword2 and  his crooked figure    
enveloped in fashionable garments1 gave 
him the look  of an over-dressed monkey4
 ,voltaire1 also1 was fond of           
magnificent  attire1 and usually dressed
 in an absurd manner4 ,diderot once     
traveled  from ,st4 ,petersburg to      
,paris in his morning-gown and nightcap2
 and in  this guise promenaded the      
streets and public places of the towns  
on his  route4 ,he was often taken for a
 madman4 ,while composing his works1 he 
used to walk about at a rapid pace1     
making huge strides1 and sometimes      
throwing his wig in the air when he had 
struck out a happy idea4 ,one  day1 a   
friend found him in tears--,good        
heavens6 he exclaimed1 what  is the     

matter8 ,i am weeping1 answered         
,diderot1 at a story that ,i  have just 
composed6    ,young1 the poet1 composed 
his ,night ,thoughts with a skull before
  him1 in which he would sometimes place
 a lighted candle2 and he  occasionally 
sought his sepulchral inspiration by    
wandering among  the tombs at midnight4 
,mrs4 ,radcliffe courted the horrors    
with which  she filled her gloomy       
romances1 by supping on half-raw        
beefsteaks1  plentifully garnished with 
onions4 ,dryden used to take physic     
before  setting himself to compose a new
 piece4 ,kant1 the ,german philosopher1 
while lecturing1 had the habit of fixing
 his attention upon one of his  auditors
 who wore a garment without a button in 
a particular place4  ,one day1 the      
student had the button sewed on4 ,kant1 
on commencing his  lecture1 fixed his   
eyes on the usual place4 ,the button was
 there6 ,fancy  the consternation of the
 philosopher1 whose ideas had become    
associated  with that buttonless        

garment4 ,his lecture that day was      
detestable3 he  was quite unhinged by   
the circumstance4    ,too many authors  
have been fond of the bottle4 ,rabelais 
said1 ,eating  and drinking are my true 
sources of inspiration4 ,see this       
bottle6  ,it is my true and only        
,helicon1 my cabalistic fountain1 my    
sole  enthusiasm4 ,drinking1 ,i         
deliberate2 and deliberating1 ,i drink4 
,ennius1  ,eschylus1 and ,cato1 all got 
their inspiration while drinking4       
,mezerai  had always a large bottle of  
wine beside him1 among his books4 ,he   
drank  of it at each page that he wrote4
 ,he turned the night into day2 and     
never composed except by lamp-light1    
even in the day time4 ,all his  windows 
were darkened2 and it was no unusual    
thing for him to show a  friend to the  
door with a lamp1 though outside it was 
broad daylight6  ,on the contrary1      
,varillas1 the historian1 never wrote   
except at full  mid-day4 ,his ideas1 he 
imagined1 grew and declined with the    

sun's light4    ,sir ,william           
,blackstone is said to have composed his
 ,commentaries  with a bottle of wine on
 the table1 from which he drank largely 
at  intervals3 and ,addison1 while      
composing1 used to pace to and fro the  
long drawing-room of ,holland ,house1   
with a glass of sherry at each  end1 and
 rewarded himself by drinking one in    
case of a felicitous  inspiration4      
,while ,goldsmith wrote his ,vicar of   
,wakefield1 he kept drinking at         
,madeira1 to drown care1 for the duns   
were upon him4 ,when ,johnson  called to
 relieve him1 he sent away the bottle1  
and took the manuscript  to the         
bookseller1 bringing back some money to 
the author4 ,goldsmith's  first use of  
the money was1 to call in the landlady  
to have a glass of  punch with him4     
,goldie was guilty of very strange      
tricks4 ,he once broke  his shin by     
exhibiting to the company how much      
better he could jump  over a stick than 
puppets4    ,the intemperance of poets  

is but too painfully illustrated in the 
lives  of ,parnell1 ,otway1 ,sheffield1 
,savage1 ,churchill1 ,prior1 ,dryden1   
,cowley1  ,burns1 ,coleridge1 ,lamb1 and
 others4 ,there is nothing more painful 
in  ,burns's letters1 than those in     
which he confesses his contrition after 
his drunken bouts1 and vows amendment   
for the future4 ,his letter to  ,mrs4   
,dunlop on this subject will be         
remembered4 ,lamb1 too1 in a letter  to 
,mr4 ,carey1 painted next morning in    
vivid terrors4 ,byron says--            
,get very drunk2 and when      ,you wake
 with headache1 you shall see what then4
    ,here is ,lamb's graphic picture3 ,i
 protest1 said he1 to ,mr4 ,carey1  the 
translator of ,dante2 ,i know not in    
what words to invest my sense  of the   
shameful violation of hospitality which 
,i was guilty of on that  fatal         
,wednesday4 ,let it be blotted from the 
calendar4 ,had it been  committed at a  
layman's house--say a merchant's1 or a  
manufacturer's1  or a cheesemonger's1 or

 a greengrocer's--or1 to go higher1 a   
barrister's1 a member of parliament's1 a
 rich banker's1 ,i should have  felt    
alleviation--a drop of self-pity4 ,but  
to be seen deliberately to  go out of   
the house of a clergyman1 drunk6444     
,with feverish eyes on the  succeeding  
dawn1 ,i opened upon the faint light1   
enough to distinguish1  in a strange    
chamber1 not immediately to be          
recognized1 garters1 hose1  waistcoat1  
neckerchief1 arranged in dreadful order 
and proportion1  which ,i knew was not  
mine own6 ',tis the common symptom1 on  
awaking1  ,i judge my last night's      
condition from4 ,a tolerable scattering 
on the  floor ,i hail as being too      
probably my own1 and if the candlestick 
be not removed1 ,i assail myself4 ,but  
this finical arrangement--this  finding 
every thing in the morning in exact     
diametrical rectitude1  torments me4 ,by
 whom was ,i divested8 burning blushes6 
not by the  fair hand of nymphs--the    
,buffian graces6 ,remote whispers       

suggested  that ,i coached it home in   
triumph4 ,far be that from waking pride 
in me1 for ,i was unconscious of the    
locomotion4 ,that a young ,newton       
accompanied a reprobate old ,telemachus2
 that1 ,trojan-like1 he bore his  charge
 upon his shoulders1 while the wretched 
incubus1 in glimmering  sense1          
hiccoughed drunken snatches of flying on
 the bat's wings after  sunset4444      
,occasion led me through ,great         
,russell-street1 yesterday3 ,i  gazed at
 the great knocker4 ,my feeble hands in 
vain essayed to lift it4  ,i dreaded    
that ,argus ,portitor1 who doubtless    
lanterned me out on that  prodigious    
night4 ,i called the ,elginian marbles2 
they were cold to my  suit4 ,i shall    
never again1 ,i said1 on the wide gates 
unfolding1 say1  without fear of        
thrusting back1 in a light but a        
peremptory air1 ',i am  going to ,mr4   
,cary's4'    ,lamb was also a great     
smoker at one period of his life4 ,but  
he  determined to give it up1 as he     

found it led to drinking--to drinking   
egg-flip hot1 at the ,salutation--so he 
wrote his ,farewell to  ,tobacco1 and   
gave it up--returning to it again1 but  
finally abandoning  it4 ,in a letter to 
,wordsworth1 he said3 ,tobacco has been 
my evening  comfort and my morning curse
 for these five years2 and you know how 
difficult it is from refraining to pick 
one's lips even1 when it has  become a  
habit4 ,i have had it in my head to     
write this poem ,farewell  to ,tobacco  
these two years2 but tobacco stood in   
its own light1 when  it gave me         
headaches that prevented my singing its 
praises4    ,once1 in the height of     
,lamb's smoking fever1 he was puffing   
the smoke  of strong1 coarse tobacco    
from a clay pipe1 in the company of ,dr4
 ,parr1  who whiffed only the finest    
weed1 when the latter1 addressing ,lamb1
  asked3 ,dear me1 sir1 how is it that  
you have acquired so prodigious a       
smoking power8 ,i have acquired it1     
answered ,lamb1 by toiling after  it1 as

 some men toil after virtue4    ,it was 
from frequenting the society of ,dr4    
,parr1 that ,robert ,hall1 the  famous  
preacher1 when at ,cambridge1 acquired  
the habit of smoking4 ,he  smoked in    
self-defense4 ,some one asked him why he
 had commenced such an  odious habit4   
,oh1 said ,hall1 ,i am qualifying myself
 for the society  of a ,doctor of       
,divinity2 and this 7holding up the     
pipe7 is the test of  my admission4 ,a  
friend found him busy with his pipe one 
day1 blowing  huge clouds of smoke4 ,ah1
 said the new comer1 ,i find you again  
at  your old idol4 ,yes1 said ,hall1    
burning it6 ,but his friends were       
anxious that he should give up the      
practice1 and one of them presented  him
 with ,adam ,clarke's pamphlet on ,the  
,use and ,abuse of ,tobacco1 to  read4  
,he read the pamphlet1 and returned it  
to the lender saying1 as if  to preclude
 discussion--,thank you1 sir1 for ,adam 
,clarke's pamphlet4 ,i  can't refute his
 arguments1 and ,i can't give up        

smoking4    ,among other smokers of     
distinction1 may be named the poet      
,milton1  whose nightcap was a pipe of  
tobacco and a glass of pure water4 ,but 
he  was exceedingly moderate in the     
indulgence of this vice4 ,sir ,walter   
,raleigh1 who introduced the use of this
 weed into ,england1 smoked  frequently2
 and the anecdote of his servant1 who   
emptied a bucket of  water on him1      
thinking he was on fire1 because he saw 
the smoke issuing  from his mouth1 is   
very well known4 ,many other poets and  
literary men  have smoked4 ,carlyle1 at 
this day1 blows a tremendous cloud4     
,southey's indulgence at bed-time1 was a
 glass of hot rum punch1  enriched with 
a little black current jelly4 ,byron    
wrote under the  influence of gin and   
water4 ,coleridge took immoderate       
quantities of  opium4 ,gluck1 the       
musical composer1 wrote with a bottle of
 ,champagne  beside him--,sacchini1 when
 his wife was by his side1 and his      
numerous  cats gamboling about him4     

,other authors have found relaxation in 
other ways4 ,thus ,daguesseau1  when he 
wanted relaxation from the study of     
jurisprudence and history1  betook      
himself to a pair of compasses and a    
book of mathematics4  ,richelieu amused 
himself by playing with cats1 and       
studying their  tricks4 ,cowper had his 
tame hares4 ,sir ,walter ,scott was     
always attended  by his favorite dogs4  
,professor ,wilson1 at this day1 is     
famous for his  terriers4    ,alfieri1  
like ,luther and ,milton1 found the     
greatest solace and  inspiration in     
music4 ,nothing1 said he1 so moves my   
heart1 and soul  and intellect1 and     
rouses my very faculties1 like          
music--and especially  the music of     
woman's voice4 ,almost all my tragedies 
have been conceived  under the immediate
 emotion caused by music4 ,voltaire took
 pleasure  in the ,opera1 7not so       
,thomas ,carlyle1 as you may have seen71
 and there  dictated some of his most   
brilliant letters4    ,but the foibles  

of men of genius are endless2 and would 
be a curious  subject for some          
,disraeli1 in a future volume of the    
,curiosities of  ,literature1 to depict 
at length1 if the subject be indeed     
worth the  required amount of pains and 
labor4          ,,my ,,novel2 ,,or1     
,,varieties ,,in ,,english ,,life4#e    
,,book ,,xii4--,,initial ,,chapter4     
,again1 quoth my father--,again behold  
us6 ,we who greeted the  commencement of
 your narrative1 who absented ourselves 
in the mid  course1 when we could but   
obstruct the current of events1 and     
jostle  personages more important--we   
now gather round the close4 ,still1 as  
the  chorus to the drama1 we circle     
round the altar with the solemn but     
dubious chant which prepares the        
audience for the completion of the      
appointed destinies2 though still1      
ourselves1 unaware how the skein is  to 
be unraveled1 and where the shears are  
to descend4    #e ,continued from the   
,september ,number4    ,so there they   

stood1 the ,family of ,caxton--all      
grouping round me--all  eager           
officiously to question--some           
over-anxious prematurely to  criticise4 
,violante can't have voluntarily gone   
off with that horrid ,count1 said  my   
mother2 but perhaps she was deceived1   
like ,eugenia by ,mr4 ,bellamy1  in the 
novel of ',,camilla4'    ,ha6 said my   
father1 and in that case it is time yet 
to steal a hint  from ,clarissa         
,harlowe1 and make ,violante die less of
 a broken heart  than a sullied honor4  
,she is one of those girls who ought to 
be killed6  ,ostendent omnia letum--all 
things about her forebode an early tomb6
    ,dear1 dear6 cried ,mrs4 ,caxton1 ,i
 hope not--poor thing6    ,pooh1        
brother1 said the ,captain1 we have had 
enough of the tomb in  the history of   
poor ,nora4 ,the whole story grows out  
of a grave1 and to  a grave it must     
return3--if1 ,pisistratus1 you must kill
 somebody1 kill  ,levy4    ,or the      
,count1 said my mother1 with unusual    

truculence4    ,or ,randal ,leslie1 said
 ,squills4 ,i should like to have a     
post-mortem cast of his head--it would  
be an instructive study4    ,here there 
was a general confusion of tongues1 all 
present conspiring  to bewilder the     
unfortunate author with their various   
and discordant  counsels how to wind up 
his story and dispose of his characters4
    ,silence6 cried ,pisistratus1       
clapping his hands to both ears4 ,i can 
no more alter the fate allotted to each 
of the personages whom you  honor with  
your interest than ,i can change your   
own2 like you1 they  must go where      
events lead them1 urged on by their own 
characters and  the agencies of others4 
,providence so pervadingly governs the  
universe1  that you can not strike it   
even out of a book4 ,the author may     
beget a  character1 but the moment the  
character comes into action1 it escapes 
from his hands--plays its own part1 and 
fulfills its own inevitable  doom4      
,besides1 said ,mr4 ,squills1 it is easy

 to see1 from the phrenological         
development of the organs in those      
several heads which ,pisistratus  has   
allowed us to examine1 that we have seen
 no creations of mere  fiction1 but     
living persons1 whose true history has  
set in movement  their various bumps of 
,amativeness1 ,constructiveness1        
,acquisitiveness1  ,ideality1 ,wonder1  
,comparison1 c4 ,they must act and they 
must end1  according to the influences  
of their crania4 ,thus we find in       
,randal  ,leslie the predominant organs 
of ,constructiveness1 ,secretiveness1   
,comparison1 and ,eventuality--while    
,benevolence1 ,conscientiousness1       
,adhesiveness1 are utterly nil4 ,now1 to
 divine how such a man must  end1 we    
must first see what is the general      
composition of the society  in which he 
moves--in short1 what other gases are   
brought into contact  with his          
phlogiston4 ,as to ,leonard1 and        
,harley1 and ,audley ,egerton1          
surveying them phrenologically1 ,i      

should say that--    ,hush6 said my     
father4 ,pisistratus has dipped his pen 
in the  ink1 and it seems to me easier  
for the wisest man that ever lived  to  
account for what others have done1 than 
to predict what they  should do4        
,phrenologists discovered that ,mr4     
,thurtell had a very  fine organ of     
,conscientiousness1 yet1 somehow or     
other1 that erring  personage contrived 
to knock the brains out of his friend's 
organ of  ,individuality4 ,therefore ,i 
rise to propose a ,resolution--that this
  meeting be adjourned till ,pisistratus
 has completed his narrative3 and  we   
shall then have the satisfaction of     
knowing that it ought1 according  to    
every principle of nature1 science1 and 
art1 to have been completed             
differently4 ,why should we deprive     
ourselves of that pleasure8    ,i second
 the motion1 said the ,captain1 but if  
,levy be not hanged1 ,i  shall say that 
there is an end of all poetical justice4
    ,take care of poor ,helen1 said     

,blanche1 tenderly2 not that ,i would   
have you forget ,violante4    ,pish6 and
 sit down1 or they shall both die old   
maids4    ,frightened at that threat1   
,blanche1 with a deprecating look1 drew 
her  stool quietly near me1 as if to    
place her two protgs in an atmosphere   
mesmerised to matrimonial attractions2  
and my mother set hard to  work--at a   
new frock for the baby4 ,unsoftened by  
these undue female  influences1         
,pisistratus wrote on at the dictation  
of the relentless  ,fates4 ,his pen was 
of iron1 and his heart was of granite4  
,he was as  insensible to the existence 
of wife and baby as if he had never paid
 a  house bill1 nor rushed from a       
nursery at the sound of an infant       
squall4  ,o blessed privilege of        
,authorship6        ,o testudinis aure  
,dulcem qu strepitum1 ,pieri1 temperas6 
,o mutis quoque piscibus                
,donatura cycni1 si libeat1 sonum6      
,,chapter ,,ii4    ,it is necessary to  
go somewhat back in the course of this  

narrative1  and account to the reader   
for the disappearance of ,violante4     
,it may be remembered that ,peschiera1  
scared by the sudden approach  of ,lord 
,l',estrange1 had little time for       
farther words to the young  ,italian1   
than those which expressed his intention
 to renew the  conference1 and press for
 her decision4 ,but1 the next day1 when 
he  re-entered the garden1 secretly and 
stealthily as before1 ,violante  did not
 appear4 ,and after watching round the  
precincts till dusk1 the  ,count        
retreated with an indignant conviction  
that his arts had failed  to enlist on  
his side1 either the heart or the       
imagination of his  intended victim4 ,he
 began now to revolve1 and to discuss   
with ,levy1  the possibilities of one of
 those bold and violent measures1 which 
were favored by his reckless daring1 and
 desperate condition4 ,but ,levy        
treated with such just ridicule any     
suggestion to abstract ,violante by     
force from ,lord ,lansmere's house--so  

scouted the notions of nocturnal        
assault1 with the devices of scaling    
windows and rope-ladders--that  the     
,count reluctantly abandoned that       
romance of villainy so unsuited  to our 
sober capital1 and which would no doubt 
have terminated in his  capture by the  
police1 with the prospect of committal  
to the ,house of  ,correction4    ,levy 
himself found his invention at fault1   
and ,randal ,leslie was called  into    
consultation4 ,the usurer had contrived 
that ,randal's schemes of  fortune and  
advancement were so based upon ,levy's  
aid and connivance1  that the young man1
 with all his desire rather to make     
instruments of  other men1 than to be   
himself their instrument1 found his     
superior  intellect as completely a     
slave to ,levy's more experienced craft1
 as  ever subtle ,genius of air was     
subject to the vulgar ,sorcerer of      
earth4    ,his acquisition of the       
ancestral acres--his anticipated seat in
  parliament--his chance of ousting     

,frank from the heritage of             
,hazeldean--were all as strings that    
pulled him to and fro1 like a  puppet in
 the sleek filbert-nailed fingers of the
 smiling showman1 who  could exhibit him
 to the admiration of a crowd1 or cast  
him away into  dust and lumber4         
,randal gnawed his lip in the sullen    
wrath of a man who bides his hour  of   
future emancipation1 and lent his brain 
to the hire of the present  servitude1  
in mechanical acquiescence4 ,the        
inherent superiority of the  profound   
young schemer became instantly apparent 
over the courage of  ,peschiera and the 
practiced wit of the ,baron4    ,your   
sister1 said ,randal to the former1 must
 be the active agent in  the first and  
most difficult part of your enterprise4 
,violante can not  be taken by force    
from ,lord ,lansmere's--she must be     
induced to leave  it with her own       
consent4 ,a female is needed here4      
,woman can best decoy  woman4           
,admirably said1 quoth the ,count2 but  

,beatrice has grown restive1 and  though
 her dowry and therefore her very       
marriage with that excellent  young     
,hazeldean1 depend on my own alliance   
with my fair kinswoman1 she  has grown  
so indifferent to my success that ,i    
dare not reckon on her  aid4 ,between   
you and me1 though she was once very    
eager to be married1  she now seems to  
shrink from the notion2 and ,i have no  
other hold over  her4    ,has she not   
seen some one1 and lately1 whom she     
prefers to poor ,frank8    ,i suspect   
that she has2 but ,i know not whom1     
unless it be that  detested             
,l',estrange4    ,ah--well1 well4       
,interfere with her no farther yourself1
 but have all  in readiness to quit     
,england1 as you had before proposed1 as
 soon as  ,violante be in your power4   
,all is in readiness1 said the ,count4  
,levy has agreed to purchase a  famous  
sailing vessel of one of his clients4 ,i
 have engaged a score or  so of         
determined outcasts1 accustomed to the  

sea--,genoese1 ,corsicans1              
,sardinians--ex-,carbonari of the best  
sort--no silly patriots1 but  liberal   
cosmopolitans1 who have iron at the     
disposal of any man's gold4  ,i have a  
priest to perform the nuptial service1  
and deaf to any fair  lady's ',no4'     
,once at sea1 and wherever ,i land1     
,violante will lean on my  arm as       
,countess of ,peschiera4    ,but        
,violante1 said ,randal1 doggedly1      
determined not to yield to the  disgust 
with which the ,count's audacious       
cynicism filled even him--but  ,violante
 can not be removed in broad daylight at
 once to such a vessel1  nor from a     
quarter so populous as that in which    
your sister resides4    ,i have thought 
of that too1 said the ,count2 my        
emissaries have found  me a house close 
by the river1 and safe for our purpose  
as the dungeons  of ,venice4    ,i wish 
not to know all this1 answered ,randal1 
quickly2 you will  instruct ,madame di  
,negra where to take ,violante--my task 

limits itself  to the fair inventions   
that belong to intellect2 what belongs  
to force1  is not in my province4 ,i    
will go at once to your sister1 whom ,i 
think ,i  can influence more effectually
 than you can2 though later1 ,i may give
  you a hint to guard against the chance
 of her remorse4 ,meanwhile as1  the    
moment ,violante disappears1 suspicion  
would fall upon you1 show  yourself     
constantly in public surrounded by your 
friends4 ,be able to  account for every 
hour of your time--    ,an alibi8       
interrupted the ci-devant solicitor4    
,exactly so1 ,baron4 ,complete the      
purchase of the vessel1 and let the     
,count man it as he proposes4 ,i will   
communicate with you both as soon  as ,i
 can put you into action4 ,to-day ,i    
shall have much to do2 it will  be done4
    ,as ,randal left the room1 ,levy    
followed him4    ,what you propose to do
 will be well done1 no doubt1 quoth the 
usurer1  linking his arm in ,randal's2  
but take care that you don't get        

yourself  into a scrape1 so as to damage
 your character4 ,i have great hopes of 
you in public life2 and in public life  
character is necessary--that is1  so far
 as honor is concerned4    ,i damage my 
character6 and for a ,count ,peschiera6 
said ,randal1  opening his eyes4 ,i6    
,what do you take me for8    ,the ,baron
 let go his hold4    ,this boy ought to 
rise very high1 said he to himself1 as  
he turned  back to the ,count4          
,,chapter ,,iii4    ,randal's acute     
faculty of comprehension had long since 
surmised the  truth that ,beatrice's    
views and temper of mind had been       
strangely and  suddenly altered by some 
such revolution as passion only can     
effect2  that pique or disappointment   
had mingled with the motive which had   
induced her to accept the hand of his   
rash young kinsman2 and that  instead of
 the resigned indifference with which   
she might at one time  have contemplated
 any marriage that could free her from a
 position that  perpetually galled her  

pride1 it was now with a repugnance1    
visible to  ,randal's keen eye1 that she
 shrank from the performance of that    
pledge  which ,frank had so dearly      
bought4 ,the temptations which the      
,count  could hold out to her1 to become
 his accomplice in designs of which  the
 fraud and perfidy would revolt her     
better nature1 had ceased to be  of     
avail4 ,a dowry had grown valueless1    
since it would but hasten the  nuptials 
from which she recoiled4 ,randal felt   
that he could not secure  her aid1      
except by working on a passion so       
turbulent as to confound  her judgment4 
,such a passion he recognized in        
jealousy4 ,he had once  doubted if      
,harley were the object of her love2    
yet1 after all1 was it  not probable8   
,he knew1 at least1 of no one else to   
suspect4 ,if so1 he  had but to whisper1
 ,violante is your rival4 ,violante     
removed1 your  beauty may find its      
natural effect2 if not1 you are an      
,italian1 and you  will be at least     

avenged4 ,he saw still more reason to   
suppose that  ,lord ,l',estrange was    
indeed the one by whom he could rule    
,beatrice1  since1 the last time he had 
seen her1 she had questioned him with   
much  eagerness as to the family of     
,lord ,lansmere1 especially as to the   
female part of it4 ,randal had then     
judged it prudent to avoid speaking  of 
,violante1 and feigned ignorance2 but   
promised to ascertain all  particulars  
by the time he next saw the ,marchesa4  
,it was the warmth  with which she had  
thanked him that had set his busy mind  
at work to  conjecture the cause of her 
curiosity so earnestly aroused1 and to  
ascribe that cause to jealousy4 ,if     
,harley loved ,violante 7as ,randal     
himself had before supposed71 the little
 of passion that the young man  admitted
 to himself was enlisted in aid of      
,peschiera's schemes4 ,for  though      
,randal did not love ,violante1 he      
cordially disliked ,l',estrange1  and   
would have gone as far to render that   

dislike vindictive1 as a cold  reasoner1
 intent upon worldly fortunes1 will ever
 suffer mere hate to  influence him4    
,at the worst1 thought ,randal1 if it be
 not ,harley1 touch the chord  of       
jealousy1 and its vibration will direct 
me right4    ,thus soliloquizing1 he    
arrived at ,madame di ,negra's4    ,now1
 in reality1 the ,marchesa's inquiries  
as to ,lord ,lansmere's family  had     
their source in the misguided1 restless1
 despairing interest with  which she    
still clung to the image of the young   
poet1 whom ,randal had  no reason to    
suspect4 ,that interest had become yet  
more keen from the  impatient misery she
 had felt ever since she had plighted   
herself to  another4 ,a wild hope that  
she might yet escape--a vague regretful 
thought that she had been too hasty in  
dismissing ,leonard from her            
presence--that she ought rather to have 
courted his friendship1 and  contended  
against her unknown rival1 at times drew
 her wayward mind  wholly from the      

future to which she had consigned       
herself4 ,and1 to  do her justice1      
though her sense of duty was so         
defective1 and the  principles which    
should have guided her conduct were so  
lost to her  sight1 still her feelings  
toward the generous ,hazeldean were not 
so  hard and blunted1 but what her own  
ingratitude added to her torment2  and  
it seemed as if the sole atonement she  
could make to him was to  find an excuse
 to withdraw her promise1 and save him  
from herself4  ,she had caused          
,leonard's steps to be watched2 she had 
found that he  visited at ,lord         
,lansmere's2 that he had gone there     
often1 and staid  there long4 ,she had  
learned in the neighborhood that ,lady  
,lansmere had  one or two young female  
guests staying with her4 ,surely this   
was the  attraction--here was the rival6
    ,randal found ,beatrice in a state  
of mind that favored his purpose4  ,and 
first turning his conversation on       
,harley1 and noting that her            

countenance did not change1 by little   
and little he drew forth her  secret4   
,then1 said ,randal1 gravely1 ,if one   
whom you honor with a tender  thought1  
visits at ,lord ,lansmere's house1 you  
have1 indeed1 cause to  fear for        
yourself1 to hope for your brother's    
success in the object  which has brought
 him to ,england--for a girl of         
surpassing beauty is a  guest in ,lord  
,lansmere's house2 and ,i will now tell 
you that that girl  is she whom ,count  
,peschiera would make his bride4    ,as 
,randal thus spoke1 and saw how his     
listener's brow darkened and her  eye   
flashed1 he felt that his accomplice was
 secured4 ,violante6 ,had not  ,leonard 
spoken of ,violante1 and with such      
praise8 ,had not his boyhood  been      
passed under her eyes8 ,who but         
,violante could be the rival8           
,beatrice's abrupt exclamations after a 
moment's pause1 revealed to  ,randal the
 advantage he had gained4 ,and partly by
 rousing her jealousy  into             

revenge--partly by flattering her love  
with assurances that1 if  ,violante were
 fairly removed from ,england1 were the 
wife of ,count  ,peschiera--it would be 
impossible that ,leonard could remain   
insensible  to her own attractions--that
 he1 ,randal1 would undertake to free   
her  honorably from her engagement to   
,frank ,hazeldean1 and obtain from her  
brother the acquittal of the debt which 
had first fettered her hand  to that    
confiding suitor--he did not quit the   
,marchesa until she had  not only       
promised to do all that ,randal might   
suggest1 but impetuously  urged him to  
mature his plans1 and hasten the hour to
 accomplish them4  ,randal then walked  
some minutes musing and slow along the  
streets1  revolving the next meshes in  
his elaborate and most subtle web4 ,and 
here his craft luminously devised its   
master-piece4    ,it was necessary1     
during any interval that might elapse   
between  ,violante's disappearance and  
her departure from ,england1 in order to

  divert suspicion from ,peschiera 7who 
might otherwise be detained71  that some
 cause for her voluntary absence from   
,lord ,lansmere's should  be at least   
assignable2 it was still more necessary 
that ,randal  himself should stand      
wholly clear from any surmise that he   
could have  connived at the ,count's    
designs1 even should their actual       
perpetrator  be discovered or           
conjectured4 ,to effect these objects1  
,randal hastened  to ,norwood1 and      
obtained an interview with ,riccabocca4 
,in seeming  agitation and alarm1 he    
informed the exile that he had reason to
 know  that ,peschiera had succeeded in 
obtaining a secret interview with       
,violante1 and he feared had made a     
certain favorable impression on her     
mind2 and1 speaking as if with the      
jealousy of a lover1 he entreated       
,riccabocca to authorize ,randal's      
direct proposals to ,violante1 and to   
require her consent to their immediate  
nuptials4    ,the poor ,italian was     

confounded with the intelligence        
conveyed to him2  and his almost        
superstitious fears of his brilliant    
enemy1 conjoined  with his opinion of   
the susceptibility to outward           
attractions common  to all the female   
sex1 made him not only implicitly       
credit1 but  even exaggerate1 the       
dangers that ,randal intimated4 ,the    
idea of his  daughter's marriage with   
,randal1 toward which he had lately     
cooled1 he  now gratefully welcomed4    
,but his first natural suggestion was to
 go1  or send1 for ,violante1 and bring 
her to his own house4 ,this1 however1   
,randal artfully opposed4    ,alas6 ,i  
know1 said he1 that ,peschiera has      
discovered your retreat2  and surely she
 would be far less safe here than where 
she is now6    ,but1 diavolo6 you say   
that man has seen her where she is now1 
in spite  of all ,lady ,lansmere's      
promises and ,harley's precautions4     
,true4 ,of this ,peschiera boasted to   
me4 ,he effected it not1 of course1     

openly1 but in some disguise4 ,i am     
sufficiently1 however1 in his           
confidence--7any man may be that with so
 audacious a braggart7--to  deter him   
from renewing his attempt for some days4
 ,meanwhile1 ,i or  yourself will have  
discovered some surer home than this1 to
 which  you can remove1 and then will be
 the proper time to take back your      
daughter4 ,meanwhile1 if you will send  
by me a letter to enjoin her  to receive
 me as her future bridegroom1 it will   
necessarily divert  all thought at once 
from the ,count2 ,i shall be able to    
detect1 by the  manner in which she     
receives me1 how far the ,count has     
overstated the  effect he pretends to   
have produced4 ,you can give me also a  
letter to  ,lady ,lansmere1 to prevent  
your daughter coming hither4 ,o1 sir1 do
 not  reason with me4 ,have indulgence  
for my lover's fears4 ,believe that ,i  
advise for the best4 ,have ,i not the   
keenest interest to do so8    ,like many
 a man who is wise enough with pen and  

paper before him1 and  plenty of time   
wherewith to get up his wisdom1         
,riccabocca was flurried1  nervous1 and 
confused when that wisdom was called    
upon for any ready  exertion4 ,from the 
tree of knowledge he had taken grafts   
enough to  serve for a forest2 but the  
whole forest could not spare him a handy
  walking-stick4 ,that great folio of   
the dead ,machiavel lay useless  before 
him--the living ,machiavel of daily life
 stood all puissant by  his side4 ,the  
,sage was as supple to the ,schemer as  
the ,clairvoyant  is to the ,mesmerist4 
,and the lean1 slight fingers of ,randal
 actually  dictated almost the very     
words that ,riccabocca wrote to his     
child and  her hostess4    ,the         
philosopher would like to have to       
consult his wife2 but he was  ashamed to
 confess that weakness4 ,suddenly he    
remembered ,harley1 and  said as ,randal
 took up the letters which ,riccabocca  
had indited1    ,there--that will give  
us time2 and ,i will send to ,lord      

,l',estrange1 and  talk to him4    ,my  
noble friend1 replied ,randal1          
mournfully1 may ,i intreat you not  to  
see ,lord ,l',estrange until at least ,i
 have pleaded my cause to your          
daughter--until1 indeed1 she is no      
longer under his father's roof4    ,and 
why8    ,because ,i presume that you are
 sincere when you deign to receive me   
as a son-in-law1 and because ,i am sure 
that ,lord ,l',estrange would hear  with
 distaste of your disposition in my     
favor4 ,am ,i not right8    ,riccabocca 
was silent4    ,and though the arguments
 would fail with a man of your honor and
  discernment1 they might have more     
effect on the young mind of your  child4
 ,think1 ,i beseech you1 the more she is
 set against me1 the more  accessible   
she may be to the arts of ,peschiera4   
,speak not1 therefore1 ,i  implore you1 
to ,lord ,l',estrange till ,violante has
 accepted my hand1 or  at least until   
she is again under your charge2         
otherwise take back your  letter--it    

would be of no avail4    ,perhaps you   
are right4 ,certainly ,lord ,l',estrange
 is prejudiced against  you2 or rather1 
he thinks too much of what ,i have      
been--too little of  what ,i am4    ,who
 can see you1 and not do so8 ,i pardon  
him4 ,after kissing the hand  which the 
exile modestly sought to withdraw from  
the act of homage1  ,randal pocketed the
 letters2 and1 as if struggling with    
emotion1 rushed  from the house4        
,now1 ,o curious reader1 if thou wilt   
heedfully observe to what uses  ,randal 
,leslie put these letters--what speedy  
and direct results he drew  forth from  
devices which would seem to an honest1  
simple understanding  the most          
roundabout1 wire-drawn wastes of        
invention--,i almost fear that  in thine
 admiration for his cleverness1 thou    
mayest half forget thy  contempt for his
 knavery4    ,but when the head is very 
full1 it does not do to have the heart  
very  empty2 there is such a thing as   
being topheavy6      ,,chapter ,,iv4    

,helen and ,violante had been conversing
 together1 and ,helen had obeyed  her   
guardian's injunction1 and spoken1      
though briefly1 of her positive         
engagement to ,harley4 ,however much    
,violante had been prepared for the     
confidence1 however clearly she had     
divined that engagement1 however  before
 persuaded that the dream of her        
childhood was fled forever1  still the  
positive truth1 coming from ,helen's own
 lips1 was attended  with that anguish  
which proves how impossible it is to    
prepare the  human heart for the final  
verdict which slays its future4 ,she did
  not1 however1 betray her emotion to   
,ellen's artless eyes2 sorrow1          
deep-seated1 is seldom self-betrayed4   
,but1 after a little while1 she  crept  
away2 and1 forgetful of ,peschiera1 of  
all things that could  threaten danger  
7what danger could harm her more671 she 
glided from  the house1 and went her    
desolate way under the leafless wintry  
trees4  ,ever and anon she paused--ever 

and anon she murmured the same words3   
,if she loved him1 ,i could be consoled2
 but she does not6 or how could  she    
have spoken to me so calmly6 how could  
her very looks have been so  sad6       
,heartless--heartless6    ,then there   
came on her a vehement resentment       
against poor ,helen1  that almost took  
the character of scorn or hate--its     
excess startled  herself4 ,am ,i grown  
so mean8 she said2 and tears1 that      
humbled her1  rushed to her eyes4 ,can  
so short a time alter one thus8         
,impossible6    ,randal ,leslie rang at 
the front gate1 inquired for ,violante1 
and1  catching sight of her form as he  
walked toward the house1 advanced       
boldly and openly4 ,his voice startled  
her as she leant against one of  the    
dreary trees1 still muttering to        
herself--forlorn4 ,i have a letter  to  
you from your father1 ,signorina1 said  
,randal4 ,but1 before ,i give  it to    
your hands1 some explanation is         
necessary4 ,condescend1 then1 to  hear  

me4 ,violante shook her head            
impatiently1 and stretched forth her    
hand for the letter4 ,randal observed   
her countenance with his keen1  cold1   
searching eye2 but he still withheld the
 letter1 and continued1  after a pause3 
,i know that you were born to princely  
fortunes2 and the excuse for my         
addressing you now is1 that your        
birthright is lost to you1 at least1    
unless you can consent to a union with  
the man who has despoiled you  of your  
heritage--a union which your father     
would deem dishonor to  yourself and    
him4 ,signorina1 ,i might have presumed 
to love you2 but ,i  should not have    
named that love1 had your father not    
encouraged me by  his assent to my suit4
    ,violante turned to the speaker her 
face eloquent with haughty surprise4    
,randal met the gaze unmoved4 ,he       
continued1 without warmth1 and in the   
tone of one who reasons calmly1 rather  
than of one who feels acutely3    ,the  
man of whom ,i spoke is in pursuit of   

you4 ,i have cause to believe  that this
 person has already intruded himself    
upon you4 ,ah6 your  countenance owns   
it2 you have seen ,peschiera8 ,this     
house is1 then1  less safe than your    
father deemed it4 ,no house is safe for 
you but a  husband's4 ,i offer to you my
 name--it is a gentleman's2 my fortune1 
which is small2 the participation in my 
hopes of the future1 which  are large4  
,i place now your father's letter in    
your hand1 and await  your answer4      
,randal bowed slightly1 gave the letter 
to ,violante1 and  retired a few paces4 
,it was not his object to conciliate    
,violante's affection1 but rather  to   
excite her repugnance1 or1 at least1 her
 terror--we must wait to  discover why2 
so he stood apart1 seemingly in a kind  
of self-confident  indifference1 while  
the girl read the following letter3     
,my child1 receive with favor ,mr4      
,leslie4 ,he has my consent to address  
you as a suitor4 ,circumstances1 of     
which it is needless now to inform      

you1 render it essential to my very     
peace and happiness that your   marriage
 should be immediate4 ,in a word1 ,i    
have given my promise to   ,mr4 ,leslie1
 and ,i confidently leave it to the     
daughter of my house to   redeem the    
pledge of her anxious and tender father4
    ,the letter dropped from ,violante's
 hand4 ,randal approached1 and  restored
 it to her4 ,their eyes met4 ,violante  
recoiled4    ,i can not marry you1 said 
she1 passively4    ,indeed8 answered    
,randal1 drily4 ,is it because you can  
not love me8    ,yes4    ,i did not     
expect that you would1 and ,i still     
persist in my suit4 ,i  have promised to
 your father that ,i would not recede   
before your first  unconsidered refusal4
    ,i will go to my father at once4    
,does he request you to do so in his    
letter8 ,look again4 ,pardon me1 but  he
 foresaw your impetuosity2 and ,i have  
another note for ,lady ,lansmere1  in   
which he begs her ladyship not to       
sanction your return to him  7should you

 so wish7 until he come or send for you 
himself4 ,he will do  so whenever your  
word has redeemed his own4    ,and do   
you dare to talk to me thus1 and yet    
pretend to love me8    ,randal smiled   
ironically4    ,i pretend but to wed    
you4 ,love is a subject on which ,i     
might have  spoken formerly1 or may     
speak hereafter4 ,i give you some little
 time to  consider4 ,when ,i next call1 
it will be to fix the day for our       
wedding4    ,never6    ,you will be1    
then1 the first daughter of your house  
who disobeyed a  father2 and you will   
have this additional crime1 that you    
disobeyed him  in his sorrow1 his exile1
 and his fall4    ,violante wrung her   
hands4    ,is there no choice--no       
escape8    ,i see none for either4      
,listen to me4 ,i might have loved you1 
it is  true2 but it is not for my       
happiness to marry one who dislikes me1 
nor  for my ambition to connect myself  
with one whose poverty is greater  than 
my own4 ,i marry but to keep my plighted

 faith with your father1  and to save   
you from a villain you would hate more  
than myself1 and  from whom no walls are
 a barrier1 no laws a defense4 ,one     
person1  indeed1 might1 perhaps1 have   
preserved you from the misery you seem  
to  anticipate with me2 that person     
might defeat the plans of your father's 
foe--effect1 it might be1 terms which   
could revoke his banishment1 and        
restore his honors2 that person is--    
,lord ,l',estrange8    ,lord            
,l',estrange6 repeated ,randal1 sharply1
 and watching her pale  parted lips and 
her changing color2 ,lord ,l',estrange6 
,what could he do8  ,why did you name   
him8    ,violante turned aside4 ,he     
saved my father once1 said she1         
feelingly4    ,and has interfered1 and  
trifled1 and promised1 ,heaven knows    
what1  ever since--yet to what end8     
,pooh6 ,the person ,i speak of your     
father  would not consent to see--would 
not believe if he saw her2 yet she is   
generous1 noble--could sympathize with  

you both4 ,she is the sister of  your   
father's enemy--the ,marchesa di ,negra4
 ,i am convinced that she  has great    
influence with her brother--that she has
 known enough of his  secrets to awe him
 into renouncing all designs on         
yourself2 but it is  idle now to speak  
of her4    ,no1 no1 exclaimed ,violante4
 ,tell me where she lives--,i will see  
her4    ,pardon me1 ,i can not obey you2
 and1 indeed1 her own pride is now      
aroused by your father's unfortunate    
prejudices against her4 ,it is too  late
 to count upon her aid4 ,you turn from  
me--my presence is unwelcome4  ,i rid   
you of it now4 ,but welcome or          
unwelcome1 later you must endure        
it--and for life4    ,randal again bowed
 with formal ceremony1 walked toward the
 house1 and  asked for ,lady ,lansmere4 
,the ,countess was at home4 ,randal     
delivered  ,riccabocca's note1 which was
 very short1 implying that he feared    
,peschiera had discovered his           
retreat--and requesting ,lady ,lansmere 

to  retain ,violante1 whatever her own  
desire1 till her ladyship heard from    
him again4    ,the ,countess read1 and  
her lip curled in disdain4 ,strange6    
said she1  half to herself4    ,strange6
 said ,randal1 that a man like your     
correspondent should fear  one like the 
,count di ,peschiera4 ,is that it8      
,sir1 said the ,countess1 a little      
surprised--strange that any man  should 
fear another in a country like ours6    
,i don't know1 said ,randal1 with his   
low1 soft laugh2 ,i fear many  men1 and 
,i know many who ought to fear me2 yet  
at every turn of the  street one meets a
 policeman6    ,yes1 said ,lady         
,lansmere4 ,but to suppose that this    
profligate  foreigner could carry away a
 girl like ,violante1 against her       
will--a  man she has never seen1 and    
whom she must have been taught to hate6 
,be on your guard1 nevertheless1 ,i pray
 you1 madam3 where there's a  will      
there's a way4    ,randal took his      
leave1 and returned to ,madame di       

,negra's4 ,he staid with  her an hour1  
revisited the ,count1 and then strolled 
to ,limmer's4    ,randal1 said the      
,squire1 who looked pale and worn1 but  
who scorned to  confess the weakness    
with which he still grieved and yearned 
for his  rebellious son3 ,randal1 you   
have nothing now to do in ,london2 can  
you  come and stay with me1 and take to 
farming8 ,i remember that you showed  a 
good deal of sound knowledge about thin 
sowing4    ,my dear sir1 ,i will come to
 you as soon as the general election is 
over4    ,what the deuce have you got to
 do with the general election8    ,mr4  
,egerton has some wish that ,i should   
enter ,parliament2 indeed1  negotiations
 for that purpose are now on foot4      
,the ,squire shook his head4 ,i don't   
like my half-brother's politics4    ,i  
shall be quite independent of them1     
cried ,randal1 loftily2 that            
independence is the condition for which 
,i stipulate4    ,glad to hear it2 and  
if you do come into ,parliament1 ,i hope

 you'll not  turn your back on the land8
    ,turn my back on the land6 cried    
,randal1 with devout horror4 ,oh1 sir1  
,i am not so unnatural6    ,that's the  
right way to put it1 quoth the credulous
 ,squire2 it is  unnatural6 ,it is      
turning one's back on one's own mother6 
,the land is a  mother--    ,to those   
who live by her1 certainly--a mother1   
said ,randal1 gravely4  ,and though1    
indeed1 my father starves by her rather 
than lives1 and  ,rood ,hall is not like
 ,hazeldean1 still--,i--    ,hold your  
tongue1 interrupted the ,squire2 ,i want
 to talk to you4  ,your grandmother was 
a ,hazeldean4    ,her picture is in the 
drawing-room at ,rood4 ,people think me 
very like  her6    ,indeed6 said the    
,squire4 ,the ,hazeldeans are generally 
inclined to be  stout and rosy1 which   
you are certainly not4 ,but no fault of 
yours4 ,we  are all as ,heaven made us6 
,however1 to the point4 ,i am going to  
alter  my will--7said with a choking    
gulp47 ,this is the rough draft for the 

lawyers to work upon4    ,pray--pray1   
sir1 do not speak to me on such a       
subject4 ,i can not bear  to contemplate
 even the possibility of--of--    ,my   
death6 ,ha1 ha6 ,nonsense4 ,my own son  
calculated on the date of it by  the    
insurance tables4 ,ha1 ha1 ha4 ,a very  
fashionable son--,eh6 ,ha1 ha6    ,poor 
,frank1 do not let him suffer for a     
momentary forgetfulness of  right       
feeling4 ,when he comes to be married to
 that foreign lady1 and be  a father    
himself1 he--    ,father himself6 burst 
forth the ,squire4 ,father to a swarm of
  sallow-faced ,popish tadpoles6 ,no    
foreign frogs shall hop about my  grave 
in ,hazeldean church-yard4 ,no1 no4 ,but
 you need not look so  reproachful--,i  
am not going to disinherit ,frank4      
,of course not1 said ,randal1 with a    
bitter curve in the lip that  rebelled  
against the joyous smile which he sought
 to impose on it4    ,no--,i shall leave
 him the life-interest in the greater   
part of  the property2 but if he marry a

 foreigner1 her children will not       
succeed--you will stand after him in    
that case4 ,but--7now1 don't  interrupt 
me7--but ,frank looks as if he would    
live longer than you--so  small thanks  
to me for my good intentions1 you may   
say4 ,i mean to do  more for you than a 
mere barren place in the entail4 ,what  
do you say to  marrying8    ,just as you
 please1 said ,randal1 meekly4    ,good6
 ,there's ,miss ,stick-to-rights        
disengaged--great heiress4 ,her  lands  
run on to ,rood4 ,at one time ,i thought
 of her for that graceless  puppy of    
mine4 ,but ,i can manage more easily to 
make up the match for  you4 ,there's a  
mortgage on the property2 ,old          
,stick-to-rights would be  very glad to 
pay it off4 ,i'll pay it out of the     
,hazeldean estate1 and  give up the     
,right of ,way into the bargain4 ,you   
understand4 ,so come down  as soon as   
you can1 and court the young lady       
yourself4    ,randal expressed his      
thanks with much grateful eloquence2 and

 he then  delicately insinuated1 that if
 the ,squire ever did mean to bestow    
upon  him any pecuniary favors 7always  
without injury to ,frank71 it would     
gratify him more to win back some       
portions of the old estate of ,rood1    
than to have all the acres of the       
,stick-to-rights1 however free from  any
 other encumbrance than the amiable     
heiress4    ,the ,squire listened to    
,randal with benignant attention4 ,this 
wish  the country gentleman could well  
understand and sympathize with4 ,he     
promised to inquire into the matter1 and
 to see what could be done with  old    
,thornhill4    ,randal here let out that
 ,mr4 ,thornhill was about to dispose of
 a large  slice of the ancient ,leslie  
estate through ,levy1 and that he1      
,randal1  could thus get it at a more   
moderate price than would be natural if 
,mr4  ,thornhill knew that his neighbor 
the ,squire would bid for the purchase4 
,better say nothing about it either to  
,levy or ,thornhill4    ,right1 said the

 ,squire2 no proprietor likes to sell to
 another  proprietor1 in the same shire1
 as largely acred as himself2 it spoils 
the balance of power4 ,see to the       
business yourself2 and if ,i can help   
you with the purchase--7after that boy  
is married--,i can attend to  nothing   
before7--why1 ,i will4    ,randal now   
went to ,egerton's4 ,the statesman was  
in his parlor1 settling  the accounts of
 his house-steward1 and giving brief    
orders for the  reduction of his        
establishment to that of an ordinary    
private gentleman4    ,i may go abroad  
if ,i lose my election1 said ,egerton1  
condescending to  assign to his servant 
a reason for his economy2 and if ,i do  
not lose  it1 still1 now ,i am out of   
office1 ,i shall live much in private4  
,do ,i disturb you1 sir8 said ,randal1  
entering4    ,no--,i have just done4    
,the house-steward withdrew1 much       
surprised and  disgusted1 and meditating
 the resignation of his own office--in  
order1  not like ,egerton1 to save1 but 

to spend4 ,the house-steward had private
  dealings with ,baron ,levy1 and was in
 fact the veritable ,x4 ,y4 of the      
,times1 for whom ,dick ,avenel had been 
mistaken4 ,he invested his wages  and   
perquisites in the discount of bills2   
and it was part of his own  money that  
had 7though unknown to himself7 swelled 
the last #ejjj which  ,egerton had      
borrowed from ,levy4    ,i have settled 
with our committee2 and1 with ,lord     
,lansmere's consent1  said ,egerton1    
briefly1 you will stand for the borough 
as we proposed1  in conjunction with    
myself4 ,and should any accident happen 
to me--that  is1 should ,i vacate this  
seat from any cause1 you may succeed to 
it--very shortly perhaps4 ,ingratiate   
yourself with the electors1  and speak  
at the public-houses for both of us4 ,i 
shall stand on my  dignity1 and leave   
the work of the election to you4 ,no    
thanks--you know  how ,i hate thanks4   
,good-night4    ,i never stood so near  
to fortune and to power1 said ,randal1  

as  he slowly undressed4 ,and ,i owe it 
but to knowledge--knowledge of          
men--life--of all that books can teach  
us4    ,so his slight thin fingers      
dropped the extinguisher on the candle1 
and  the prosperous ,schemer laid       
himself down to rest in the dark4       
,shutters  closed1 curtains down--never 
was rest more quiet1 never was room more
  dark6    ,that evening ,harley had    
dined at his father's ,he spoke much to 
,helen--scarcely at all to ,violante4   
,but it so happened that when later1    
and a little while before he took his   
leave1 ,helen1 at his request1  was     
playing a favorite air of his2 ,lady    
,lansmere1 who had been seated  between 
him and ,violante1 left the room1 and   
,violante turned quickly  toward        
,harley4    ,do you know the ,marchesa  
di ,negra8 she asked1 in a hurried      
voice4    ,a little4 ,why do you ask8   
,that is my secret1 answered ,violante1 
trying to smile1 with her old  frank1   
childlike archness4 ,but1 tell me1 do   

you think better of her  than of her    
brother8    ,certainly4 ,i believe her  
heart to be good1 and that she is not   
without  generous qualities4    ,can you
 not induce my father to see her8 ,would
 you not counsel him to  do so8    ,any 
wish of yours is a law to me1 answered  
,harley1 gallantly4 ,you  wish your     
father to see her8 ,i will try and      
persuade him to do so4 ,now1  in return1
 confide to me your secret4 ,what is    
your object8    ,leave to return to my  
,italy4 ,i care not for honors--for     
rank2 and even  my father has ceased to 
regret their loss4 ,but the land1 the   
native  land--,oh1 to see it once more6 
,oh1 to die there6    ,die6 ,you        
children have so lately left heaven1    
that ye talk as if  ye could return     
there1 without passing through the gates
 of sorrow1  infirmity1 and age6 ,but ,i
 thought you were content with ,england4
 ,why  so eager to leave it8 ,violante1 
you are unkind to us6--to ,helen1 who   
already loves you so well6    ,as       

,harley spoke1 ,helen rose from the     
piano1 and1 approaching ,violante1      
placed her hand caressingly on the      
,italian's shoulder4 ,violante          
shivered1 and shrunk away4 ,the eyes    
both of ,harley and ,helen followed     
her4 ,harley's eyes were very grave and 
thoughtful4    ,is she not changed--your
 friend8 said he1 looking down4    ,yes1
 lately--much changed4 ,i fear there is 
something on her mind--,i  know not     
what4    ,ah6 muttered ,harley1 it may  
be so2 but at your age and hers1 nothing
  rests on the mind long4 ,observe1 ,i  
say the mind--the heart is more         
tenacious4    ,helen sighed softly1 but 
deeply4    ,and therefore1 continued    
,harley1 half to himself1 we can detect 
when  something is on the mind--some    
care1 some fear1 some trouble4 ,but when
  the heart closes over its own more    
passionate sorrow1 who can discover6    
who conjecture6 ,yet you at least1 my   
pure1 candid ,helen--you might  subject 
mind and heart alike to the fabled      

window of glass4    ,o1 no6 cried ,helen
 involuntarily4    ,o1 yes6 ,do not let 
me think that you have one secret ,i may
 not know1  or one sorrow ,i may not    
share4 ,for1 in our relationship--that  
would  be deceit4    ,he pressed her    
hand with more than usual tenderness as 
he spoke1 and  shortly afterward left   
the house4    ,and all that night ,helen
 felt like a guilty thing--more wretched
 even  than ,violante4      ,,chapter   
,v4    ,early the next morning1 while   
,violante was still in her room1 a      
letter  addressed to her came by the    
,post4 ,the direction was in a strange  
hand4  ,she opened it1 and read in      
,italian what is thus translated3     ,i
 would gladly see you1 but ,i can not   
call openly at the house in   which you 
live4 ,perhaps ,i may have it in my     
power to arrange family                 
dissensions--to repair any wrongs your  
father may have sustained4   ,perhaps ,i
 may be enabled to render yourself an   
essential service4 ,but   for all this1 

it is necessary that we should meet1 and
 confer frankly4   ,meanwhile time      
presses--delay is forbidden4 ,will you  
meet me1 an   hour after noon1 in the   
lane1 just outside the private gate of  
your   gardens4 ,i shall be alone2 and  
you can not fear to meet one of your    
own sex1 and a kinswoman4 ,ah1 ,i so    
desire to see you6 ,come1 ,i beseech    
you4      ,,beatrice4    ,violante read1
 and her decision was taken4 ,she was   
naturally fearless1  and there was      
little that she would not have braved   
for the chance  of serving her father4  
,and now all peril seemed slight in     
comparison  with that which awaited her 
in ,randal's suit1 backed by her        
father's  approval4 ,randal had said    
that ,madame di ,negra alone could aid  
her in  escape from himself4 ,harley had
 said that ,madame di ,negra had        
generous  qualities2 and who but ,madame
 di ,negra would write herself a        
kinswoman1  and sign herself ,beatrice8 
,a little before the appointed hour1 she

 stole unobserved through  the trees1   
opened the little gate1 and found       
herself in the quiet  solitary lane4 ,in
 a few minutes1 a female figure came up1
 with a quick  light step2 and1 throwing
 aside her vail1 said1 with a sort of   
wild1  suppressed energy1 ,it is you6 ,i
 was truly told4 ,beautiful6--beautiful6
  ,and1 oh6 what youth and what bloom6  
,the voice dropped mournfully2 and      
,violante1 surprised by the tone1 and   
blushing under the praise1 remained a   
moment silent2 then she said1  with some
 hesitation--    ,you are1 ,i presume1  
the ,marchesa di ,negra8 ,and ,i have   
heard of you  enough to induce me to    
trust you4    ,of me6 ,from whom8 asked 
,beatrice1 almost fiercely4    ,from    
,mr4 ,leslie1 and--and--    ,go on--why 
falter8    ,from ,lord ,l',estrange4    
,from no one else8    ,not that ,i      
remember4    ,beatrice sighed heavily1  
and let fall her vail4 ,some            
foot-passengers  now came up the lane2  
and seeing two ladies1 of mien so       

remarkable1  turned round1 and gazed    
curiously4    ,we can not talk here1    
said ,beatrice impatiently2 and ,i have 
so much  to say--so much to know4 ,trust
 me yet more2 it is for yourself ,i     
speak4  ,my carriage waits yonder4 ,come
 home with me--,i will not detain you an
  hour2 and ,i will bring you back4     
,this proposition startled ,violante4   
,she retreated toward the gate1 with  a 
gesture of dissent4 ,beatrice laid her  
hand on the girl's arm1 and  again      
lifting her vail1 gazed at her with a   
look1 half of scorn1 half  of           
admiration4    ,i1 too1 would once have 
recoiled from one step beyond the formal
 line  by which the world divides       
liberty from woman4 ,now--see how bold  
,i am4  ,child1 child1 do not trifle    
with your destiny4 ,you may never again 
have the same occasion offered to you4  
,it is not only to meet you that  ,i am 
here2 ,i must know something of         
you--something of your heart4 ,why      
shrink8--is not the heart pure8         

,violante made no answer2 but her smile1
 so sweet and so lofty1 humbled  the    
questioner it rebuked4    ,i may restore
 to ,italy your father1 said ,beatrice1 
with an altered  voice4 ,come6          
,violante approached1 but still         
hesitatingly4    ,not by union with your
 brother8    ,you dread that so much1   
then8    ,dread it8 ,no6 ,why should ,i 
dread what is in my power to reject4    
,but if  you can really restore my      
father1 and by nobler means1 you may    
save me  for--    ,violante stopped     
abruptly2 the ,marchesa's eyes sparkled4
    ,save you for--ah6 ,i can guess what
 you leave unsaid4 ,but come1           
come--more strangers--see2 you shall    
tell me all at my own house4 ,and  if   
you can make one sacrifice1 why1 ,i will
 save you all else4 ,come1 or  farewell 
forever6    ,violante placed her hand in
 ,beatrice's1 with a frank confidence   
that  brought the accusing blood into   
the ,marchesa's cheek4    ,we are women 
both1 said ,violante2 we descend from   

the same noble  house2 we have knelt    
alike to the same ,virgin ,mother2 why  
should ,i not  believe and trust you8   
,why not8 muttered ,beatrice feebly2 and
 she moved on1 with her head  bowed on  
her breast1 and all the pride of her    
step was gone4    ,they reached a       
carriage that stood by the angle of the 
road4 ,beatrice  spake a word apart to  
the driver1 who was an ,italian1 in the 
pay of the  ,count the man nodded1 and  
opened the carriage door4 ,the ladies   
entered4  ,beatrice pulled down the     
blinds2 the man remounted his box1 and  
drove  on rapidly4    ,beatrice1 leaning
 back1 groaned aloud4 ,violante drew    
nearer to her  side4 ,are you in pain8  
said she1 with her tender1 melodious    
voice2  or can ,i serve you as you would
 serve me8    ,child1 give me your hand1
 and be silent while ,i look at you4    
,was ,i  ever so fair as this8 ,never6  
,and what deeps--what deeps roll between
  her and me6    ,she said this as of   
some one absent1 and again sank into    

silence2 but  continued still to gaze on
 ,violante1 whose eyes1 vailed by their 
long  fringes1 drooped beneath the gaze4
    ,suddenly ,beatrice started1        
exclaiming1 ,no1 it shall not be6 and   
placed her hand on the check-string4    
,what shall not be8 asked ,violante1    
surprised by the cry and the  action4   
,beatrice paused--her breast heaved     
visibly under her dress4    ,stay1 she  
said1 slowly4 ,as you say1 we are both  
women of the same  noble house2 you     
would reject the suit of my brother1 yet
 you have  seen him2 his the form to    
please the eye--his the arts that allure
 the  fancy4 ,he offers to you rank1    
wealth1 your father's pardon and recall4
  ,if ,i could remove the objections    
which your father entertains--prove     
that the ,count has less wronged him    
than he deems1 would you still  reject  
the rank1 and the wealth1 and the hand  
of ,giulio ,franzini8    ,oh1 yes1 yes1 
were his hand a king's6    ,still1 then1
 as woman to woman--both1 as you say1   

akin1 and sprung  from the same         
lineage--still1 then1 answer me--answer 
me1 for you speak  to one who has       
loved--,is it not that you love another8
 ,speak4    ,i do not know4 ,nay1 not   
love--it was a romance2 it is a thing   
impossible4 ,do not question--,i can not
 answer4 ,and the broken words  were    
choked by sudden tears4    ,beatrice's  
face grew hard and pitiless4 ,again she 
lowered her vail1 and  withdrew her hand
 from the check-string2 but the coachman
 had felt the  touch1 and halted4 ,drive
 on1 said ,beatrice1 as you were        
directed4    ,both were now long        
silent--,violante with great difficulty 
recovering  from her emotion1 ,beatrice 
breathing hard1 and her arms folded     
firmly  across her breast4    ,meanwhile
 the carriage had entered ,london--it   
passed the quarter in  which ,madame di 
,negra's house was situated--it rolled  
fast over a  bridge--it whirled through 
a broad thoroughfare1 then through      
defiles  of lanes1 with tall1 blank1    

dreary houses on either side4 ,on it    
went1  and on1 till ,violante suddenly  
took alarm4 ,do you live so far8 she    
said1 drawing up the blind1 and gazing  
in dismay on the strange ignoble        
suburb4 ,i shall be missed already4 ,oh1
 let us turn back1 ,i beseech  you4     
,we are nearly there now4 ,the driver   
has taken this road in order to  avoid  
those streets in which we might have    
been seen together--perhaps  by my      
brother himself4 ,listen to me1 and talk
 of--of the lover whom  you rightly     
associate with a vain romance4          
',impossible'--yes1 it is  impossible6  
,violante clasped her hands before her  
eyes1 and bowed down her head4  ,why are
 you so cruel8 said she4 ,this is not   
what you promised6 ,how  are you to     
serve my father--how restore him to his 
country8 ,this is  what you promised4   
,if you consent to one sacrifice1 ,i    
will fulfill that promise4 ,we are      
arrived4    ,the carriage stopped before
 a tall dull house1 divided from other  

houses by a high wall that appeared to  
inclose a yard1 and standing  at the end
 of a narrow lane1 which was bounded on 
the one side by the  ,thames4 ,in that  
quarter the river was crowded with      
gloomy1 dark-looking  vessels and craft1
 all lying lifeless under the wintry    
sky4    ,the driver dismounted and rang 
the bell4 ,two swarthy ,italian faces   
presented themselves at the threshold4  
,beatrice descended lightly1 and gave   
her hand to ,violante4 ,now1 here  we   
shall be secure1 said she2 and here a   
few minutes may suffice to  decide your 
fate4    ,as the door closed on         
,violante--who1 now waking to suspicion1
 to alarm1  looked fearfully round the  
dark and dismal hall--,beatrice turned2 
,let  the carriage wait4    ,the        
,italian who received the order bowed   
and smiled2 but when the two  ladies had
 ascended the stairs1 he re-opened the  
street-door and said  to the driver1    
,back to the ,count1 and say 'all is    
safe4'    ,the carriage drove off4 ,the 

man who had given this order barred and 
locked the door1 and1 taking with him   
the huge key1 plunged into the  mystic  
recesses of the basement and            
disappeared4 ,the hall1 thus left       
solitary1 had the grim aspect of a      
prison2 the strong door sheeted with    
iron--the rugged stone stairs1 lighted  
by a high window grimed with the  dust  
of years1 and jealously barred--and the 
walls themselves abutting  out rudely   
here and there1 as if against violence  
even from within4      ,,chapter ,,vi4  
,it was1 as we have seen1 without taking
 counsel of the faithful ,jemima  that  
the sage recluse of ,norwood had yielded
 to his own fears1 and  ,randal's subtle
 suggestions1 in the concise and        
arbitrary letter  which he had written  
to ,violante but at night1 when         
church-yards  give up the dead1 and     
conjugal hearts the secrets hid by day  
from  each other1 the wise man informed 
his wife of the step he had taken4  ,and
 ,jemima then--who held ,english        

notions1 very different from those      
which prevail in ,italy1 as to the right
 of fathers to dispose of their         
daughters without reference to          
inclination or repugnance1 and who  had 
an instinctive antipathy to ,randal--so 
sensibly1 yet so mildly1  represented to
 the pupil of ,machiavel that he had not
 gone exactly the  right way to work1 if
 he feared that the handsome ,count had 
made some  impression on ,violante1 and 
if he wished her to turn with favor to  
the  suitor he recommended--that so     
abrupt a command could only chill the   
heart1 revolt the will1 and even give to
 the audacious ,peschiera some  romantic
 attraction which he had not before     
possessed--as effectually  to destroy   
,riccabocca's sleep that night4 ,and the
 next day he sent  ,giacomo to ,lady    
,lansmere's with a very kind letter to  
,violante1 and  a note to the hostess1  
praying the latter to bring his daughter
 to  ,norwood for a few hours1 as he    
much wished to converse with both4 ,it  

was on ,giacomo's arrival at            
,knightsbridge that ,violante's absence 
was  discovered4 ,lady ,lansmere1 ever  
proudly careful of the world and its    
gossip1 kept ,giacomo from betraying his
 excitement to her servants1  and stated
 throughout the decorous household that 
the young lady had  informed her she was
 going to visit some friends that       
morning1 and had  no doubt gone through 
the garden-gate1 since it was found     
open2 the  way was more quiet there than
 by the high-road1 and her friends might
  have therefore walked to meet her by  
the lane4 ,lady ,lansmere observed  that
 her only surprise was that ,violante   
had gone earlier than she had  expected4
 ,having said this with a composure that
 compelled belief1 ,lady  ,lansmere     
ordered the carriage1 and1 taking       
,giacomo with her1 drove at  once to    
consult her son4    ,harley's quick     
intellect had scarcely recovered from   
the shock upon his  emotions1 before    
,randal ,leslie was announced4    ,ah1  

said ,lady ,lansmere1 ,mr4 ,leslie may  
know something4 ,he came to  her        
yesterday with a note from her father4  
,pray let him enter4    ,the ,austrian  
,prince approached ,harley4 ,i will wait
 in the next room1  he whispered4 ,you  
may want me1 if you have cause to       
suspect ,peschiera  in all this4        
,lady ,lansmere was pleased with the    
,prince's delicacy1 and1 glancing at    
,leonard1 said ,perhaps you too1 sir1   
may kindly aid us1 if you would  retire 
with the ,prince4 ,mr4 ,leslie may be   
disinclined to speak of  affairs like   
these1 except to ,harley and myself4    
,true1 madam2 but beware of ,mr4        
,leslie4    ,as the door at one end of  
the room closed on the ,prince and      
,leonard1  ,randal entered at the other1
 seemingly much agitated4    ,i have    
just been to your house1 ,lady          
,lansmere4 ,i heard you were here2      
pardon me if ,i have followed you4 ,i   
had called at ,knightsbridge to see     
,violante--learned that she had left    

you4 ,i implore you to tell me how  or  
wherefore4 ,i have the right to ask3 her
 father has promised me her  hand4      
,harley's falcon eye had brightened up  
at ,randal's entrance4 ,it watched      
steadily the young man's face4 ,it was  
clouded for a moment by his  knitted    
brows at ,randal's closing words4 ,but  
he left it to ,lady  ,lansmere to reply 
and explain4 ,this the ,countess did    
briefly4    ,randal clasped his hands4  
,and she not gone to her father's8 ,are 
you  sure of that8    ,her father's     
servant has just come from ,norwood4    
,oh1 ,i am to blame for this6 ,it is my 
rash suit--her fear of it--her          
aversion4 ,i see it all6 ,randal's voice
 was hollow with remorse and  despair4  
,to save her from ,peschiera1 her father
 insisted on her  immediate marriage    
with myself4 ,his orders were too       
abrupt1 my own  wooing too unwelcome4 ,i
 know her high spirit2 she has fled to  
escape  from me4 ,but whither1 if not to
 ,norwood8--oh1 whither8 ,what other    

friends has she--what relations8    ,you
 throw a new light on this mystery1 said
 ,lady ,lansmere3 perhaps  she may have 
gone to her father's after all1 and the 
servant may have  crossed1 but missed   
her on the way4 ,i will drive to        
,norwood at once4    ,do so--do2 but if 
she be not there1 be careful not to     
alarm ,riccabocca  with the news of her 
disappearance4 ,caution ,giacomo not to 
do so4 ,he  would only suspect          
,peschiera1 and be hurried to some act  
of violence4    ,do not you1 then1      
suspect ,peschiera1 ,mr4 ,leslie8 asked 
,harley  suddenly4    ,ha6 is it        
possible8 ,yet1 no4 ,i called on him    
this morning with ,frank  ,hazeldean1   
who is to marry his sister4 ,i was with 
him till ,i went on to  ,knightsbridge1 
at the very time of ,violante's         
disappearance4 ,he could  not then have 
been a party to it4    ,you saw         
,violante yesterday4 ,did you speak to  
her of ,madame di ,negra8  asked        
,harley1 suddenly recalling the         

questions respecting the ,marchesa      
which ,violante had addressed to him4   
,in spite of himself1 ,randal felt that 
he changed countenance4 ,of  ,madame di 
,negra8 ,i do not think so4 ,yet ,i     
might4 ,oh1 yes1 ,i remember  now4 ,she 
asked me the ,marchesa's address2 ,i    
would not give it4    ,the address is   
easily found4 ,can she have gone to the 
,marchesa's  house8    ,i will run there
 and see1 cried ,randal1 starting up4   
,and ,i with you4 ,stay1 my dear mother4
 ,proceed1 as you propose1 to  ,norwood1
 and take ,mr4 ,leslie's advice4 ,spare 
our friend the news of his  daughter's  
loss--if lost she be--till she is       
restored to him4 ,he can be  of no use  
meanwhile4 ,let ,giacomo rest here2 ,i  
may want him4    ,harley then passed    
into the next room1 and entreated the   
,prince and  ,leonard to await his      
return1 and allow ,giacomo to stay in   
the same room4    ,he then went quickly 
back to ,randal4 ,whatever might be his 
fears  or emotions1 ,harley felt that he

 had need of all his coolness of        
judgment and presence of mind4 ,the     
occasion made abrupt demand upon  powers
 which had slept since boyhood1 but     
which now woke with a vigor  that would 
have made even ,randal tremble1 could he
 have detected the  wit1 the courage1   
the electric energies1 masked under that
 tranquil  self-possession4 ,lord       
,l',estrange and ,randal soon reached   
the ,marchesa's  house1 and learned that
 she had been out since morning in one  
of ,count  ,peschiera's carriages4      
,randal stole an alarmed glance at      
,harley's  face4 ,harley did not seem to
 notice it4    ,now1 ,mr4 ,leslie1 what 
do you advise next8    ,i am at a loss4 
,ah1 perhaps1 afraid of her             
father--knowing how  despotic is his    
belief in paternal rights1 and how      
tenacious he is of  his word once       
passed1 as it has been to me1 she may   
have resolved to  take refuge in the    
country--perhaps at the ,casino1 or at  
,mrs4 ,dale's1  or ,mrs4 ,hazeldean's4  

,i will hasten to inquire at the        
coach-office4  ,meanwhile1 you--        
,never mind me1 ,mr4 ,leslie4 ,do as you
 please4 ,but1 if your surmises be      
just1 you must have been a very rude    
wooer to the high-born lady you  aspired
 to win4    ,not so2 but perhaps an     
unwelcome one4 ,if she has indeed fled  
from me1  need ,i say that my suit will 
be withdrawn at once8 ,i am not a       
selfish  lover1 ,lord ,l',estrange4     
,nor ,i a vindictive man4 ,yet1 could ,i
 discover who has conspired  against    
this lady1 a guest under my father's    
roof1 ,i would crush him  into the mire 
as easily as ,i set my foot upon this   
glove4 ,good-day to  you1 ,mr4 ,leslie4 
,randal stood still for a few moments as
 ,harley strided on2 then his lip       
sneered as it muttered--,insolent6 ,he  
loves her4 ,well1 ,i am avenged         
already4      ,,chapter ,,vii4          
,harley went straight to ,peschiera's   
hotel4 ,he was told that the ,count  had
 walked out with ,mr4 ,frank ,hazeldean 

and some other gentlemen who  had       
breakfasted with him4 ,he had left word1
 in case any one called1  that he had   
gone to ,tattersall's to look at some   
horses that were  for sale4 ,to         
,tattersall's went ,harley4 ,the ,count 
was in the yard  leaning against a      
pillar1 and surrounded by fashionable   
friends4 ,lord  ,l',estrange paused1    
and1 with a heroic effort at            
self-mastery1 repressed  his rage4 ,i   
may lose all if ,i show that ,i suspect 
him2 and yet ,i must  insult and fight  
him rather than leave his movements     
free4 ,ah1 is that  young ,hazeldean8 ,a
 thought strikes me6 ,frank was standing
 apart from  the group round the ,count1
 and looking very absent and very sad4  
,harley  touched him on the shoulder1   
and drew him aside unobserved by the    
,count4    ,mr4 ,hazeldean1 your uncle  
,egerton is my dearest friend4 ,will you
 be a  friend to me8 ,i want you4    ,my
 lord--    ,follow me4 ,do not let      
,count ,peschiera see us talking        

together4    ,harley quitted the yard1  
and entered ,st4 ,james's ,park by the  
little  gate close by4 ,in a very few   
words he informed ,frank of ,violante's 
disappearance1 and of his reasons for   
suspecting the ,count4 ,frank's  first  
sentiment was that of indignant         
disbelief that the brother of  ,beatrice
 could be so vile2 but as he gradually  
called to mind the  cynical and corrupt 
vein of the ,count's familiar           
conversation--the  hints to ,peschiera's
 prejudice that had been dropped by     
,beatrice  herself--and the general     
character for brilliant and daring      
profligacy  which even the admirers of  
the ,count ascribed to him--,frank was  
compelled to reluctant acquiescence in  
,harley's suspicions2 and he  said1 with
 an earnest gravity very rare to        
him--,believe me1 ,lord  ,l',estrange1  
if ,i can assist you in defeating a base
 and mercenary  design against this poor
 young lady1 you have but to show me    
how4 ,one  thing is clear--,peschiera   

was not personally engaged in this      
abduction1  since ,i have been with him 
all day2 and--now ,i think of it--,i    
begin to  hope that you wrong him2 for  
he has invited a large party of us to   
make  an excursion with him to ,boulogne
 next week1 in order to try his yacht2  
which he could scarcely do1 if--        
,yacht1 at this time of the year6 a man 
who habitually resides at  ,vienna--a   
yacht6    ,spendquick sells it a bargain
 on account of the time of year and     
other  reasons2 and the ,count proposes 
to spend next summer in cruising about  
the ,ionian ,isles4 ,he has some        
property on those ,isles1 which he has  
never yet visited4    ,how long is it   
since he bought this yacht8    ,why1 ,i 
am not sure that it is already          
bought--that is1 paid for4  ,levy was to
 meet ,spendquick this very morning to  
arrange the matter4  ,spendquick        
complains that ,levy screws him4    ,my 
dear ,mr4 ,hazeldean1 you are guiding me
 through the maze4 ,where  shall ,i find

 ,lord ,spendquick8    ,at this hour1   
probably1 in bed4 ,here is his card4    
,thanks4 ,and where lies the vessel8    
,it was off ,blackwall the other day4 ,i
 went to see it--',the ,flying          
,dutchman'--a fine vessel1 and carries  
guns4    ,enough4 ,now1 heed me4 ,there 
can be no immediate danger to ,violante1
 so  long as ,peschiera does not meet   
her--so long as we know his movements4  
,you are about to marry his sister4     
,avail yourself of that privilege  to   
keep close by his side4 ,refuse to be   
shaken off4 ,make what excuses  for the 
present your invention suggests4 ,i will
 give you an excuse4 ,be  anxious and   
uneasy to know where you can find       
,madame di ,negra4    ,madame di ,negra8
 cried ,frank4 ,what of her8 ,is she not
 in  ,curzon-street8    ,no2 she has    
gone out in one of the ,count's         
carriages4 ,in all  probability the     
driver of that carriage1 or some servant
 in attendance  on it1 will come to the 
,count in the course of the day2 and1 in

 order  to get rid of you1 the ,count   
will tell you to see this servant1 and  
ascertain yourself that his sister is   
safe4 ,pretend to believe what the  man 
says1 but make him come to your lodgings
 on pretense of writing  there a letter 
for the ,marchesa4 ,once at your        
lodgings1 and he will  be safe2 for ,i  
shall see that the officers of justice  
secure him4 ,the  moment he is there1   
send an express for me to my hotel4     
,but1 said ,frank1 a little bewildered1 
if ,i go to my lodging1 how can  ,i     
watch the ,count8    ,it will not then  
be necessary4 ,only get him to accompany
 you to your  lodgings1 and part with   
him at the door4    ,stop1 stop--you can
 not suspect ,madame di ,negra of       
connivance in a  scheme so infamous4    
,pardon me1 ,lord ,l',estrange2 ,i can  
not act in this  matter--can not even   
hear you1 except as your foe1 if you    
insinuate a  word against the honor of  
the woman ,i love4    ,brave gentleman1 
your hand4 ,it is ,madame di ,negra ,i  

would save1 as  well as my friend's     
young child4 ,think but of her1 while   
you act as ,i  intreat1 and all will go 
well4 ,i confide in you4 ,now1 return to
 the  ,count4    ,frank walked back to  
join ,peschiera1 and his brow was       
thoughtful1 and  his lips closed firmly4
 ,harley had that gift which belongs to 
the  genius of ,action4 ,he inspired    
others with the light of his own spirit 
and the force of his own will4 ,harley  
then hastened to ,lord ,spendquick1     
remained with that young gentleman some 
minutes1 then repaired to his  hotel1   
where ,leonard1 the ,prince1 and        
,giacomo still awaited him4    ,come    
with me1 both of you4 ,you1 too1        
,giacomo4 ,i must now see the  police4  
,we may then divide upon separate       
missions4    ,oh1 my dear lord1 cried   
,leonard1 you must have had good news4  
,you  seem cheerful and sanguine4       
,seem6 ,nay1 ,i am so6 ,if ,i once      
paused to despond--even to doubt--,i    
should go mad4 ,a foe to baffle1 and an 

angel to save6 ,whose spirits  would not
 rise high--whose wits would not move   
quick to the warm pulse  of his heart8  
,,chapter ,,viii4    ,twilight was dark 
in the room to which ,beatrice had      
conducted ,violante4  ,a great change   
had come over ,beatrice4 ,humble and    
weeping1 she knelt  beside ,violante1   
hiding her face1 and imploring pardon4  
,and ,violante1  striving to resist the 
terror for which she now saw such cause 
as no  woman-heart can defy1 still      
sought to soothe1 and still sweetly     
assured  forgiveness4    ,beatrice had  
learned--after quick and fierce         
questions1 that at last  compelled the  
answers that cleared away every         
doubt--that her jealousy  had been      
groundless--that she had no rival in    
,violante4 ,from that  moment1 the      
passions that had made her the tool of  
guilt abruptly  vanished1 and her       
conscience startled her with the        
magnitude of her  treachery4 ,perhaps   
had ,violante's heart been wholly free1 

or she had  been of that mere           
commonplace1 girlish character which    
women like  ,beatrice are apt to        
despise1 the ,marchesa's affection for  
,peschiera1  and her dread of him1 might
 have made her try to persuade her young
  kinswoman at least to receive the     
,count's visit--at least to suffer  him 
to make his own excuses1 and plead his  
own cause4 ,but there had  been a       
loftiness of spirit in which ,violante  
had first defied the  ,marchesa's       
questions1 followed by such generous1   
exquisite sweetness1  when the girl     
perceived how that wild heart was stung 
and maddened1  and such purity of       
mournful candor when she had overcome   
her own  virgin bashfulness sufficiently
 to undeceive the error she detected1   
and confess where her own affections    
were placed1 that ,beatrice bowed       
before her as mariner of old to some    
fair saint that had allayed the  storm4 
,i have deceived you6 she cried through 
her sobs2 but ,i will now save  you at  

any cost4 ,had you been as ,i           
deemed--the rival who had despoiled  all
 the hopes of my future life--,i would1 
without remorse1 have been  the         
accomplice ,i am pledged to be4 ,but    
now1 you6--oh1 you--so good  and so     
noble--you can never be the bride of    
,peschiera4 ,nay1 start not3  he shall  
renounce his designs forever1 or ,i will
 go myself to our  ,emperor1 and expose 
the dark secrets of his life4 ,return   
with me quick  to the home from which ,i
 ensnared you4    ,beatrice's hand was  
on the door while she spoke4 ,suddenly  
her face  fell--her lips grew white2 the
 door was locked from without4 ,she     
called--no one answered2 the bell-pull  
in the room gave no sound2 the  windows 
were high and barred--they did not look 
on the river1 nor the  street1 but on a 
close1 gloomy1 silent yard--high blank  
walls all  around it--no one to hear the
 cry of distress1 rang it ever so loud  
and  sharp4    ,beatrice divined that   
she herself had been no less ensnared   

than  her companion2 that ,peschiera1   
distrustful of her firmness in evil1    
had precluded her from the power of     
reparation4 ,she was in a house  only   
tenanted by his hirelings4 ,not a hope  
to save ,violante1 from a  fate that now
 appalled her1 seemed to remain4 ,thus1 
in incoherent  self-reproaches and      
frenzied tears1 ,beatrice knelt beside  
her victim1  communicating more and more
 the terrors that she felt1 as the hours
  rolled on1 and the room darkened1 till
 it was only by the dull lamp  which    
gleamed through the grimy windows from  
the yard without1 that  each saw the    
face of the other4    ,night came on2   
they heard a clock from some distant    
church strike  the hours4 ,the dim fire 
had long since burnt out1 and the air   
became  intensely cold4 ,no one broke   
upon their solitude--not a voice was    
heard  in the house4 ,they felt neither 
cold nor hunger--they felt but the      
solitude and the silence1 and the dread 
of something that was to come4    ,at   

length1 about midnight1 a bell rang at  
the street door2 then there  was the    
quick sound of steps--of sullen bolts   
withdrawn--of low1  murmured voices4    
,light streamed through the chinks of   
the door to the  apartment--the door    
itself opened4 ,two ,italians bearing   
tapers entered1  and the ,count di      
,peschiera followed4    ,beatrice sprang
 up1 and rushed toward her brother4 ,he 
placed his hand  gently on her lips1 and
 motioned to the ,italians to withdraw4 
,they  placed the lights on the table1  
and vanished without a word4            
,peschiera then1 putting aside his      
sister1 approached ,violante4    ,fair  
kinswoman1 said he1 with an air of easy 
but resolute assurance1  there are      
things which no man can excuse and no   
woman can pardon1  unless that love1    
which is beyond all laws1 suggests      
excuse for the  one1 and obtains pardon 
for the other4 ,in a word1 ,i have sworn
 to win  you1 and ,i have had no        
opportunities to woo4 ,fear not2 the    

worst that  can befall you is to be my  
bride4 ,stand aside1 my sister1 stand   
aside4    ,giulio1 no6 ,giulio          
,franzini1 ,i stand between you and her3
 you shall  strike me to the earth      
before you can touch even the hem of her
 robe4    ,what1 my sister6--you turn   
against me8    ,and unless you instantly
 retire and leave her free1 ,i will     
unmask you  to the ,emperor4    ,too    
late1 mon enfant6 ,you will sail with   
us4 ,the effects you may  need for the  
voyage are already on board4 ,you will  
be witness to our  marriage1 and by a   
holy son of the ,church4 ,then tell the 
,emperor what  you will4    ,with a     
light and sudden exertion of his        
strength1 the ,count put away           
,beatrice1 and fell on his knee before  
,violante1 who1 drawn to her full       
height1 death-like pale1 but            
untrembling1 regarded him with          
unutterable  disdain4    ,you scorn me  
now1 said he1 throwing into his features
 an expression  of humility and         

admiration1 and ,i can not wonder at it4
 ,but1 believe  me1 that until the scorn
 yield to a kinder sentiment1 ,i will   
take no  advantage of the power ,i have 
gained over your fate4    ,power6 said  
,violante1 haughtily4 ,you have ensnared
 me into this  house--you have gained   
the power of a day2 but the power over  
my  fate--no6    ,you mean that your    
friends have discovered your            
disappearance1 and  are on your track4  
,fair one1 ,i provide against your      
friends1 and ,i  defy all the laws and  
police of ,england4 ,the vessel that    
will bear you  from these shores waits  
in the river hard by4 ,beatrice1 ,i warn
 you--be  still--unhand me4 ,in that    
vessel will be a priest who shall join  
our  hands1 but not before you will     
recognize the truth1 that she who flies 
with ,giulio ,peschiera must become his 
wife1 or quit him as the disgrace  of   
her house1 and the scorn of her sex4    
,oh1 villain6 villain6 cried ,beatrice4 
,peste1 my sister1 gentler words4 ,you1 

too1 would marry4 ,i tell no  tales of  
you4 ,signorina1 ,i grieve to threaten  
force4 ,give me your hand2  we must be  
gone4    ,violante eluded the clasp that
 would have profaned her1 and darting   
across the room1 opened the door1 and   
closed it hastily behind her4  ,beatrice
 clung firmly to the ,count to detain   
him from pursuit4 ,but just  without the
 door1 close1 as if listening to what   
passed within1 stood  a man wrapped from
 head to foot in a large boat cloak4    
,the ray of the  lamp that beamed on the
 man1 gleamed on the barrel of a pistol 
which he  held in his right hand4       
,hist6 whispered the man in ,english2   
and passing his arm round  her--in this 
house you are in that ruffian's power2  
out of it1 safe4  ,ah6 ,i am by your    
side--,i1 ,violante6    ,the voice      
thrilled to ,violante's heart4 ,she     
started--looked up1 but  nothing was    
seen of the man's face1 what with the   
hat and cloak1 save  a mass of raven    
curls and a beard of the same hue4      

,the ,count now threw open the door1    
dragging after him his sister1 who      
still clung round him4    ,ha--that is  
well6 he cried to the man in ,italian4  
,bear the lady  after me1 gently2 but if
 she attempt to cry out--why1 force     
enough to  silence her1 not more4 ,as   
for you1 ,beatrice1 traitress that you  
are1  ,i could strike you to the        
earth--but--no1 this suffices4 ,he      
caught  his sister in his arms as he    
spoke1 and1 regardless of her cries and 
struggles1 sprang down the stairs4      
,the hall was crowded with fierce       
swarthy men4 ,the ,count turned to one  
of them1 and whispered2 in an instant   
the ,marchesa was seized and  gagged4   
,the ,count cast a look over his        
shoulder2 ,violante was close  behind1  
supported by the man to whom ,peschiera 
had consigned her1 and  who was pointing
 to ,beatrice1 and appeared warning     
,violante against  resistance4 ,violante
 was silent1 and seemed resigned4       
,peschiera smiled  cynically1 and1      

preceded by some of his hirelings1 who  
held torches1  descended a few steps    
that led to an abrupt landing-place     
between the  hall and the basement      
story4 ,there1 a small door stood open1 
and the  river flowed close by4 ,a boat 
was moored on the bank1 round which     
grouped four men1 who had the air of    
foreign sailors4 ,at the appearance  of 
,peschiera1 three of these men sprang   
into the boat and got ready  their oars4
 ,the fourth carefully readjusted a     
plank thrown from the  boat to the      
wharf1 and offered his arm obsequiously 
to ,peschiera4 ,the  ,count was the     
first to enter1 and1 humming a gay opera
 air1 took his  place by the helm4 ,the 
two females were next lifted in1 and    
,violante  felt her hand pressed almost 
convulsively by the man who stood by    
the plank4 ,the rest followed1 and in   
another minute the boat bounded  swiftly
 over the waves toward a vessel that lay
 several furlongs adown  the river1 and 
apart from all the meaner craft that    

crowded the stream4  ,the stars         
struggled pale through the foggy        
atmosphere2 not a word was  heard within
 the boat--no sound save the regular    
splash of the oars4  ,the ,count paused 
from his lively tune1 and gathering     
round him the  ample folds of his fur   
pelisse1 seemed absorbed in thought4    
,even by the  imperfect light of the    
stars1 ,peschiera's face wore an air of 
sovereign  triumph4 ,the result had     
justified that careless and insolent    
confidence  in himself and in fortune1  
which was the most prominent feature in 
the  character of the man who1 both     
bravo and gamester1 had played against  
the world1 with his rapier in one hand1 
and cogged dice in the other4           
,violante1 once in a vessel filled by   
his own men1 was irretrievably in  his  
power4 ,even her father must feel       
grateful to learn that the captive  of  
,peschiera had saved name and repute in 
becoming ,peschiera's wife4  ,even the  
pride of sex in ,violante herself must  

induce her to confirm  what ,peschiera1 
of course1 intended to state1 viz41 that
 she was a  willing partner in a        
bridegroom's schemes of flight toward   
the altar1  rather than the poor victim 
of a betrayer1 and receiving his hand   
but  from his mercy4 ,he saw his fortune
 secured1 his success envied1 his  very 
character rehabilitated by his splendid 
nuptials4 ,ambition began  to mingle    
with his dreams of pleasure and pomp4   
,what post in the ,court  or the ,state 
too high for the aspirations of one who 
had evinced the  most incontestable     
talent for active life--the talent to   
succeed in  all that the will had       
undertaken8 ,thus mused the ,count1 half
 forgetful  of the present1 and absorbed
 in the golden future1 till he was      
aroused  by a loud hail from the vessel1
 and the bustle on board the boat1 as   
the sailors caught at the rope flung    
forth to them4 ,he then rose and  moved 
toward ,violante4 ,but the man who was  
still in charge of her  passed the      

,count lightly1 half leading1 half      
carrying1 his passive  prisoner4        
,pardon1 ,excellency1 said the man in   
,italian1 but the boat  is crowded1 and 
rocks so much that your aid would but   
disturb our  footing4 ,before ,peschiera
 could reply1 ,violante was already on  
the  steps of the vessel1 and the ,count
 paused till1 with elated smile1  he saw
 her safely standing on the deck4       
,beatrice followed1 and then  ,peschiera
 himself2 but when the ,italians in his 
train also thronged  toward the sides of
 the boat1 two of the sailors got before
 them1 and  let go the rope1 while the  
other two plied their oars vigorously1  
and pulled back toward shore4 ,the      
,italians burst into an amazed and      
indignant volley of execrations4        
,silence1 said the sailor who had  stood
 by the plank1 we obey orders4 ,if you  
are not quiet1 we shall  upset the boat4
 ,we can swim2 ,heaven and ,monsignore  
,san ,giacomo pity  you if you can not4 
,meanwhile1 as ,peschiera leapt upon    

deck1 a flood of light poured upon  him 
from lifted torches4 ,that light        
streamed full on the face and  form of a
 man of commanding stature1 whose arm   
was around ,violante1  and whose dark   
eyes flashed upon the ,count more       
luminously than the  torches4 ,on one   
side this man stood the ,austrian       
,prince2 on the other  side 7a cloak1   
and a profusion of false dark locks1 at 
his feet7 stood  ,lord ,l',estrange1 his
 arms folded1 and his lips curved by a  
smile in  which the ironical humor      
native to the man was tempered with a   
calm and  supreme disdain4 ,the ,count  
strove to speak1 but his voice faltered4
  ,all around him looked ominous and    
hostile4 ,he saw many ,italian faces1   
but they scowled at him with vindictive 
hate2 in the rear were ,english         
mariners1 peering curiously over the    
shoulders of the foreigners1  and with a
 broad grin on their open countenances4 
,suddenly1 as the  ,count thus stood    
perplexed1 cowering1 stupefied1 there   

burst from all  the ,italians present a 
hoot of unutterable scorn--,il          
traditore6 il  traditore6--7the traitor6
 the traitor67    ,the ,count was brave1
 and at the cry he lifted his head with 
a certain  majesty4    ,at that moment  
,harley1 raising his hand as if to      
silence the hoot1 came  forth from the  
group by which he had been hitherto     
standing1 and toward  him the ,count    
advanced with a bold stride4    ,what   
trick is this8 he said in ,french1      
fiercely4 ,i divine that it  is you whom
 ,i can single out for explanation and  
atonement4    ,pardieu1 ,monsieur le    
,comte1 answered ,harley in the same    
language1  which lends itself so well to
 polished sarcasm and high bred         
enmity--let us distinguish4 ,explanation
 should come from me1 ,i allow2  but    
atonement ,i have the honor to resign to
 yourself4 ,this vessel--    ,is mine6  
cried the ,count4 ,those men1 who insult
 me1 should be in my  pay4    ,the men  
in your pay1 ,monsieur le ,comte1 are on

 shore drinking  success to your voyage4
 ,but1 anxious still to procure you the 
gratification of being among your own   
countrymen1 those whom ,i have  taken   
into my pay are still better ,italians  
than the pirates whose  place they      
supply2 perhaps not such good sailors2  
but then ,i have taken  the liberty to  
add to the equipment of a vessel1 which 
has cost me too  much to risk lightly1  
some stout ,english seamen1 who are     
mariners more  practiced than even your 
pirates4 ,your grand mistake1 ,monsieur 
le  ,comte1 is in thinking that the     
',flying ,dutchman' is yours4 ,with many
  apologies for interfering with your   
intention to purchase it1 ,i beg to     
inform you that ,lord ,spendquick has   
kindly sold it to me4 ,nevertheless1    
,monsieur le ,comte1 for the next few   
weeks ,i place it--men and all--at  your
 service4    ,peschiera smiled          
scornfully    ,i thank your lordship2   
but since ,i presume that ,i shall no   
longer have  the traveling companion who

 alone could make the voyage attractive1
 ,i  shall return to shore1 and will    
simply request you to inform me at what 
hour you can receive the friend whom ,i 
shall depute to discuss that  part of   
the question yet untouched1 and to      
arrange that the atonement1  whether it 
be due from me or yourself1 may be      
rendered as satisfactory  as you have   
condescended to make the explanation4   
,let not that vex you1 ,monsieur le     
,comte--the atonement is1 in much1  made
 already2 so anxious have ,i been to    
forestall all that your nice  sense of  
honor would induce so complete a        
gentleman to desire4 ,you  have ensnared
 a young heiress1 it is true2 but you   
see that it was  only to restore her to 
the arms of her father4 ,you have       
juggled an  illustrious kinsman out of  
his heritage2 but you have voluntarily  
come  on board this vessel1 first1 to   
enable his highness1 the ,prince ----1  
of whose rank at the ,austrian ,court   
you are fully aware1 to state to  your  

,emperor that he himself has been       
witness of the manner in which  you     
interpreted his ,imperial ,majesty's    
assent to your nuptials with a  child of
 one of the first subjects in his       
,italian realm2 and next1 to  commence1 
by a penitential excursion to the seas  
of the ,baltic1 the  sentence of        
banishment which ,i have no doubt will  
accompany the same  act that restores to
 the chief of your house his lands and  
his honors4    ,the ,count started4     
,that restoration1 said the ,austrian   
,prince1 who had advanced to  ,harley's 
side1 ,i already guarantee4 ,disgrace   
that you are1 ,giulio  ,franzini1 to the
 nobles of the ,empire1 ,i will not     
leave my royal  master till his hand    
strike your name from the roll4 ,i have 
here your  own letters1 to prove that   
your kinsman was duped by yourself into 
the  revolt which you would have headed 
as a ,catiline1 if it had not better    
suited your nature to betray it as a    
,judas4 ,in ten days from this time1    

these letters will be laid before the   
,emperor and his ,council4    ,are you  
satisfied ,monsieur le ,comte1 said     
,harley1 with your  atonement so far8 if
 not1 ,i have procured you the occasion 
to render it  yet more complete4 ,before
 you stands the kinsman you have        
wronged4 ,he  knows now1 that though for
 a while1 you ruined his fortunes1 you  
failed  to sully his hearth4 ,his heart 
can grant you pardon1 and hereafter his 
hand may give you alms4 ,kneel then1    
,giulio ,franzini--kneel1 baffled       
bravo--kneel1 ruined gamester--kneel1   
miserable out-cast--at the feet  of     
,alphonso1 ,prince of ,monteleone and   
,duke of ,serrano4    ,the above        
dialogue had been in ,french1 which only
 a few of the ,italians  present        
understood1 and that imperfectly2 but at
 the name with which  ,harley concluded 
his address to the ,count a simultaneous
 cry from those  ,italians broke forth4 
,alphonso the ,good6--,alphonso the     
,good6 ,viva--viva--the good ,duke of   

,serrano6    ,and1 forgetful even of the
 ,count1 they crowded round the tall    
form of  ,riccabocca1 striving who      
should first kiss his hand--the very hem
 of  his garments4    ,riccabocca's eyes
 overflowed4 ,the gaunt exile seemed    
transfigured into  another and more     
kingly man4 ,an inexpressible dignity   
invested him4 ,he  stretched forth his  
arms1 as if to bless his countrymen4    
,even that rude  cry1 from humble men1  
exiles like himself1 consoled him for   
years of  banishment and penury4        
,thanks1 thanks1 he continued2 thanks4  
,some day or other1 you will  all       
perhaps return with me to the beloved   
,land6    ,the ,austrian ,prince bowed  
his head1 as if in assent to the prayer4
    ,giulio ,franzini1 said the ,duke of
 ,serrano--for so we may now call the   
threadbare recluse of the ,casino--had  
this last villainous design of  yours   
been allowed by ,providence1 think you  
that there is one spot on  earth on     
which the ravisher could have been saved

 from a father's arm8  ,but now1 ,heaven
 has been more kind4 ,in this hour let  
me imitate its  mercy1 and with relaxing
 brow the ,duke mildly drew near to his 
guilty  kinsman4    ,from the moment the
 ,austrian ,prince had addressed him1   
the ,count had  preserved a profound    
silence1 showing neither repentance nor 
shame4  ,gathering himself up1 he had   
stood firm1 glaring round him like one  
at  bay4 ,but as the ,duke now          
approached1 he waved his hand1 and      
exclaimed1  ,back1 pedant1 back2 you    
have not triumphed yet4 ,and you1       
prating  ,german1 tell your tales to our
 ,emperor4 ,i shall be by his throne to 
answer--if1 indeed1 you escape from the 
meeting to which ,i will force  you by  
the way4 ,he spoke1 and made a rush     
toward the side of the  vessel4 ,but    
,harley's quick wit had foreseen the    
,count's intention1 and  ,harley's quick
 eye had given the signal by which it   
was frustrated4  ,seized in the gripe of
 his own watchful and indignant         

countrymen1  just as he was about to    
plunge into the stream1 ,peschiera was  
dragged  back--pinioned down4 ,then the 
expression of his whole countenance     
changed2 the desperate violence of the  
inborn gladiator broke forth4  ,his     
great strength enabled him to break     
loose more than once1 to dash  more than
 one man to the floor of the deck2 but  
at length1 overpowered  by numbers1     
though still struggling--all dignity1   
all attempt at  presence of mind gone1  
uttering curses the most plebeian1      
gnashing his  teeth1 and foaming at the 
mouth1 nothing seemed left of the       
brilliant  ,lothario but the coarse fury
 of the fierce natural man4    ,then1   
still preserving that air and tone of   
exquisite imperturbable  irony which    
might have graced the marquis of the old
 ,french regime1 and  which the highest 
comedian might have sighed to imitate in
 vain1 ,harley  bowed low to the        
storming ,count4    ,adieu1 ,monsieur le
 ,comte--adieu6 ,i am rejoiced to see   

that you are  so well provided with     
furs4 ,you will need them for your      
voyage2 it is  a very cold one at this  
time of the year4 ,the vessel which you 
have  honored me by entering is bound to
 ,norway4 ,the ,italians who accompany  
you were sent by yourself into exile1   
and1 in return1 they now kindly  promise
 to enliven you with their society1     
whenever you feel somewhat  tired of    
your own4 ,conduct the ,count to his    
cabin4 ,gently there1  gently4 ,adieu1  
,monsieur le ,comte1 adieu6 et bon      
voyage4    ,harley turned lightly on his
 heel1 as ,peschiera1 in spite of his   
struggles1 was now fairly carried down  
to the cabin4    ,a trick for the       
trickster1 said ,l',estrange to the     
,austrian ,prince4  ,the revenge of a   
farce on the would-be tragedian4        
,more than that--he is ruined4    ,and  
ridiculous1 quoth ,harley4 ,i should    
like to see his look when  they land him
 in ,norway4 ,harley then passed toward 
the centre of the  vessel1 by which1    

hitherto partially concealed by the     
sailors1 who were  now busily occupied1 
stood ,beatrice2 ,frank ,hazeldean1 who 
had first  received her on entering the 
vessel1 standing by her side2 and       
,leonard1  a little apart from the two1 
in quiet observation of all that had    
passed around him4 ,beatrice appeared   
but little to heed ,frank2 her dark     
eyes were lifted to the dim starry      
skies1 and her lips were moving as  if  
in prayer2 yet her young lover was      
speaking to her in great emotion1  low  
and rapidly4    ,no1 no--do not think   
for a moment that we suspect you1       
,beatrice4 ,i  will answer for your     
honor with my life4 ,oh1 why will you   
turn from  me--why will you not speak8  
,a moment later1 said ,beatrice softly4 
,give me one moment yet4 ,she  passed   
slowly and faltering toward             
,leonard--placed her hand that          
trembled1 on his arm--and led him aside 
to the verge of the vessel4  ,frank1    
startled by her movement1 made a step as

 if to follow1 and  then stopped short1 
and looked on1 but with a clouded and   
doubtful  countenance4 ,harley's smile  
had gone1 and his eye was also watchful4
    ,it was but a few words that        
,beatrice spoke--it was but by a        
sentence  or so that ,leonard answered2 
and then ,beatrice extended her hand1   
which the young poet bent over1 and     
kissed in silence4 ,she lingered  an    
instant2 and even by the star-light1    
,harley noted the blush that  overspread
 her face4 ,the blush faded as ,beatrice
 returned to ,frank4  ,lord ,l',estrange
 would have retired--she signed to him  
to stay4    ,my lord1 she said very     
firmly1 ,i can not accuse you of        
harshness  to my sinful and unhappy     
brother4 ,his offense might perhaps     
deserve a  heavier punishment than that 
which you inflict with such playful     
scorn4  ,but whatever his penance1      
contempt now1 or poverty later1 ,i feel 
that  his sister should be by his side  
to share it4 ,i am not innocent1 if he  

be guilty2 and1 wreck though he be1     
nothing else on this dark sea of  life  
is now left to me to cling to4 ,hush1 my
 lord6 ,i shall not leave  this vessel4 
,all that ,i entreat of you is1 to order
 your men to respect  my brother1 since 
a woman will be by his side4    ,but1   
,marchesa1 this can not be2 and--       
,beatrice1 ,beatrice--and me6--our      
betrothal8 ,do you forgot me8' cried    
,frank in reproachful agony4    ,no1    
young and too noble lover2 ,i shall     
remember you ever in my  prayers4 ,but  
listen4 ,i have been deceived--hurried  
on1 ,i might  say--by others1 but also1 
and far more1 by my own mad and blinded 
heart--deceived1 hurried on1 to wrong   
you and to belie myself4 ,my shame      
burns into me when ,i think that ,i     
could have inflicted on you the just    
anger of your family--linked you to my  
own ruined fortunes1 my own  tarnished  
name--my own--    ,your own generous1   
loving heart6--that is all ,i asked6    
cried ,frank4  ,cease1 cease--that heart

 is mine still6    ,tears gushed from   
the ,italian's eyes4    ,englishman1 ,i 
never loved you2 this heart was dead to 
you1 and it  will be dead to all else   
forever4 ,farewell6 ,you will forget me 
sooner  than you think for--sooner than 
,i shall forget you--as a friend1 as a  
brother--if brothers had natures as     
tender and as kind as yours6 ,now1  my  
lord1 will you give me your arm8 ,i     
would join the ,count4    ,stay--one    
word1 madam1 said ,frank1 very pale1 and
 through his set  teeth1 but calmly1 and
 with a pride on his brow which had     
never before  dignified its careless1   
open expression--one word4 ,i may not be
 worthy  of you in any thing else--but  
an honest love1 that never doubted1     
never  suspected--that would have clung 
to you though all the world were        
against2 such a love makes the meanest  
man of worth4 ,one word1 frank  and     
open4 ,by all that you hold most sacred 
in your creed1 did you  speak the truth 
when you said that you never loved me8  

,beatrice bent down her head2 she was   
abashed before this manly nature  that  
she had so deceived1 and perhaps till   
then undervalued4    ,pardon1 pardon1   
she said1 in reluctant accents1         
half-choked by the  rising of a sob4    
,at her hesitation ,frank's face lighted
 as if with sudden hope4 ,she  raised   
her eyes1 and saw the change in him1    
then glanced where ,leonard  stood1     
mournful and motionless4 ,she shivered1 
and added1 firmly--    ,yes--pardon2 for
 ,i spoke the truth2 and ,i had no heart
 to give4 ,it  might have been as wax to
 another--it was of granite to you4 ,she
  paused1 and muttered inly--,granite1  
and--broken6    ,frank said not a word  
more4 ,he stood rooted to the spot1 not 
even  gazing after ,beatrice as she     
passed away leaning on the arm of ,lord 
,l',estrange4 ,he then walked resolutely
 away1 and watched the boat  that the   
men were now lowering from the side of  
the vessel4 ,beatrice  stopped when she 
came near the place where ,violante     

stood1 answering  in agitated whispers  
her father's anxious questions4 ,as she 
stopped1  she leaned more heavily upon  
,harley4 ,it is your arm that trembles  
now1  ,lord ,l',estrange1 said she1 with
 a mournful smile1 and1 quitting him    
before he could answer1 she bowed down  
her head meekly before ,violante4  ,you 
have pardoned me already1 she said1 in a
 tone that reached only  the girl's ear1
 and my last words shall not be of the  
past4 ,i see your  future spread bright 
before me under those steadfast stars4  
,love still2  hope and trust4 ,these are
 the last words of her who will soon die
 to  the world4 ,fair maid1 they are    
prophetic6    ,violante shrank back to  
her father's breast1 and there hid her  
glowing  face1 resigning her hand to    
,beatrice1 who pressed it to her bosom4 
,the  ,marchesa then came back to       
,harley1 and disappeared with him in the
  interior of the vessel4    ,when      
,harley reappeared on deck1 he seemed1  
much flurried and disturbed4  ,he kept  

aloof from the ,duke and ,violante1 and 
was the last to enter the  boat1 that   
was now lowered into the water4    ,as  
he and his companions reached the land1 
they saw the vessel in  movement1 and   
gliding slowly down the river4          
,courage1 ,leonard1 courage6 murmured   
,harley4 ,you grieve1 and nobly4  ,but  
you have shunned the worst and most     
vulgar deceit in civilized  life2 you   
have not simulated love4 ,better that   
yon poor lady should be1  awhile1 the   
sufferer from a harsh truth1 than the   
eternal martyr of a  flattering lie6    
,alas1 my ,leonard1 with the love of the
 poet's dream are  linked only the      
,graces2 with the love of the human     
heart come the awful  ,fates6    ,my    
lord1 poets do not dream when they love4
 ,you will learn how the  feelings are  
deep in proportion as the fancies are   
vivid1 when you  read that confession of
 genius and woe which ,i have left in   
your  hands4    ,leonard turned away4   
,harley's gaze followed him with        

inquiring  interest1 and suddenly       
encountered the soft1 dark grateful eyes
 of  ,violante4 ,the ,fates1 the ,fates6
 murmured ,harley4      7,,to ,,be      
,,continued47          ,a ,,short       
,,chapter ,,on ,,rats4      ,the rat is 
one of the most despised and tormented  
of created animals2  he has many enemies
 and very few friends2 wherever he      
appears his  life is in danger from men1
 dogs1 cats1 owls1 c41 who will have no 
mercy on him4 ,these perpetual          
persecutions oblige him to be wary in   
his movements1 and call for a large     
amount of cunning and sagacity  on his  
part1 which give his little sharp face a
 peculiarly knowing  and wide-awake     
appearance1 which the most superficial  
observer must  have noticed4 ,though1   
poor creature1 he is hated and killed by
 man1  his sworn foe1 yet he is to that 
same ungrateful race a most useful      
servant1 in the humble capacity of      
scavenger2 for wherever man settles  his
 habitation1 even in the most remote    

parts of the earth1 there1 as  if by    
magic1 appear our friends the rats4 ,he 
quietly takes possession  of the        
out-houses1 drains1 c41 and occupies    
himself by devouring the  refuse and    
filth thrown away from the dwelling of  
his master 7under  whose floor1 as well 
as roof1 he lives72 this refuse1 if left
 to  decay1 would engender fever1       
malaria1 and all kinds of horrors1 to   
the destruction of the children of the  
family1 were it not for the  unremitting
 exertions of the rats to get rid of it1
 in a way no doubt  agreeable to        
themselves1 namely1 by eating it4       
,the rat is admirably armed and equipped
 for the peculiar mode of life  which he
 is ordained to lead4 ,he has formidable
 weapons in the shape  of four small1   
long1 and very sharp teeth1 two of which
 are fixed in  the upper and two in the 
under jaw4 ,these are formed in the     
shape of a  wedge1 and by the following 
wonderful provision of ,nature1 have    
always  a fine1 sharp1 cutting edge4 ,on

 examining them carefully1 we find  that
 the inner part is of a soft1 ivory-like
 composition1 which may  be easily worn 
away1 whereas the outside is composed of
 a glass-like  enamel1 which is         
excessively hard4 ,the upper teeth work 
exactly into  the under1 so that the    
centres of the opposed teeth meet       
exactly in  the act of gnawing2 the soft
 part is thus being perpetually worn    
away1  while the hard part keeps a      
sharp1 chisel-like edge2 at the same    
time  the teeth grow up from the bottom1
 so that as they wear away a fresh      
supply is ready4 ,the consequence of    
this arrangement is1 that1 if one  of   
the teeth be removed1 either by accident
 or on purpose1 the opposed  tooth will 
continue to grow upward2 and1 as there  
is nothing to grind  it away1 will      
project from the mouth and be turned    
upon itself2 or1 if  it be an           
under-tooth1 it will even run into the  
skull above4    ,there is a curious1 but
 little known fact1 which well          

illustrates the  ravages which the rats 
can inflict on a hard substance with    
these  little sharp teeth4 ,many of the 
elephant's tusks imported into ,london  
for the use of the ivory ornament       
makers1 are observed to have their      
surfaces grooved into small furrows of  
unequal depths1 as though cut  out by a 
very sharp-edged instrument4 ,surely no 
man would have taken  the trouble to do 
this1 for what would be the profit of   
his labor8 ,the  rats1 however1 are at  
the bottom of the secret1 or else1      
clever fellows  as they are1 they would 
not have used their chisel-like teeth   
with such  effect4 ,they have found out 
the tusks which contain the most        
gelatine  or animal glue1 a sweet and   
delicious morsel for the rat's dainty   
palate2 and having gnawed away as much  
as suited their purpose1 have  left the 
rest for the ivory-cutter--he1 for his  
part1 is neither unable  nor unwilling  
to profit by the fact marked out by the 
rat's teeth4  ,the ivory that contains a

 large amount of gelatine is softer and 
more  elastic than that which does not2 
and as elasticity is the thing most     
needful for billiard balls1 he chooses  
this rat-marked ivory1 and turns  it    
into the beautiful elastic billiard     
balls we see on the slate tables  in    
,st4 ,james's-street4 ,the elasticity of
 some of these is so great1  that if    
struck down forcibly on a hard pavement1
 they will rebound into  the hand to the
 height of three or four feet4    ,rats 
have a remarkable instinct for finding  
out where there is any  thing good for  
food2 and it has been often a subject of
 wonder1 how  they manage to get on     
board ships laden with sugar and other  
attractive  cargoes4 ,this mystery has1 
however1 been cleared up1 for they have 
been seen to come off shore to the ship 
by means of the rope by which  she is   
moored to the quay1 although at some    
distance from the shore4  ,by the same  
means they will leave the ship when she 
comes into port1  if they find their    

quarters filling1 or filled with water2 
hence the  saying1 that rats always     
leave a sinking ship is perfectly true4 
,if1  however1 the ship be water-tight1 
they will continue breeding to an       
enormous extent4 ,m4 de ,st4 ,pierre    
informs us1 that on the return of  the  
,valiant man-of-war from the ,havana1 in
 the year #agff1 its rats  had increased
 to such a degree1 that they destroyed a
 hundred weight  of biscuit daily4 ,the 
ship was at length smoked between decks 
in order  to suffocate them2 and six    
hampers were for some time filled every 
day  with the rats that had thus been   
killed4    ,there is a curious instance 
of rats losing their lives in quest of  
food1 which has been kindly communicated
 to me by a friend4 ,when the           
atmospheric pump was in use at the      
terminus of the ,croydon railway1       
hundreds of rats lost their lives daily4
 ,the unscientific creatures  used in   
the night to get into the large iron    
tube1 by exhausting  the air from which 

the railway carriages were put in       
motion1 their  object being to lick off 
the grease from the leather valve1 which
 the  engineers of the line were so     
anxious to keep airtight4 ,as soon as   
the  air-pump was put to work for the   
first morning-train1 there was no       
resisting1 and out they were sucked all 
dead corpses6    ,the rat1 though       
naturally a savage creature1 is1 by dint
 of kindness1  capable of being tamed   
and being made obedient to the will of  
man4 ,some  of the ,japanese tame rats1 
and teach them to perform many          
entertaining  tricks1 and thus          
instructed they are exhibited as a show 
for the  diversion of the populace4     
,a gentleman traveling through          
,mecklenburg1 about forty years ago1    
was witness to a very singular          
circumstance in the post-house at ,new  
,hargard4 ,after dinner1 the landlord   
placed on the floor a large dish  of    
soup1 and gave a loud whistle4          
,immediately there came into the room  a

 mastiff1 a fine ,angora cat1 an old    
raven1 and a remarkably large  rat1 with
 a bell about its neck4 ,they all four  
went to the dish1 and1  without         
disturbing each other1 fed together1    
after which the dog1 cat1  and rat lay  
before the fire1 while the raven hopped 
about the room4  ,the landlord1 after   
accounting for the familiarity which    
existed among  these animals1 informed  
his guest that the rat was the most     
useful of  the four1 for the noise he   
made had completely freed the house from
 the  other rats and mice with which it 
had previously been infested4    ,but   
capacity for becoming tame and          
accustomed to the presence of man  is   
not confined to the foreigneer rats1    
for1 from the following  story1 it      
appears that the rats of ,england are   
equally susceptible of  kindness4 ,a    
worthy whip-maker1 who worked hard at   
his trade to support  a large family1   
had prepared a number of strips of      
leather1 by well  oiling and greasing   

them4 ,he carefully laid them by in a   
box1 but1  strange to say1 they         
disappeared one by one2 nobody knew any 
thing  about them1 nobody had touched   
them4    ,however1 one day1 as he was   
sitting at work in his shop1 a large    
black  rat1 of the original ,british    
species1 slyly poked his head up out of 
a  hole in the corner of the room1 and  
deliberately took a survey of the  whole
 place4 ,seeing all quiet1 out he came1 
and ran straight to the box  wherein    
were kept the favorite leather strips4  
,in he dived1 and quickly  reappeared1  
carrying in his mouth the most dainty   
morsel he could find4  ,off he ran to   
his hole1 and quickly vanished4 ,having 
thus found out  the thief1 the saddler  
determined to catch him2 he accordingly 
propped  up a sieve by a stick1 and put 
a bait underneath2 in a few minutes out 
came the rat again1 smelling the        
inviting toasted cheese1 and forthwith  
attacked it4 ,the moment he began       
nibbling at the bait1 down came the     

sieve1 and he became a prisoner4 ,now1  
thought he1 my life depends upon  my    
behavior when this horrid sieve is      
lifted up by that two-legged  wretch    
with the apron on1 who so kindly cuts   
the greasy thongs for me  every day3 he 
has a good-natured looking face1 and ,i 
don't think he  wants to kill me4 ,i    
know what ,i will do4    ,the saddler'  
at length lifted up the sieve1 being    
armed with a stick  ready to kill ,mr4  
,rat when he rushed out4 ,what was his  
astonishment to  see that the rat       
remained perfectly quiet1 and1 after a  
few moments1  to walk quietly up on his 
arm1 and look up in his face1 as much as
  to say1 ,i am a poor innocent rat1 and
 if your wife will lock up all  the good
 things in the cupboard1 why ,i must eat
 your nicely prepared  thongs2 rats must
 live as well as saddlers4 ,the man then
 said1 ,tom1 ,i  was going to kill you1 
but now ,i won't2 let us be friends4    
,i'll put you  some bread and butter    
every day if you won't take my thongs   

and wax1  and leave the shopman's       
breakfast alone2 but ,i am afraid you   
will come  out once too often2 there are
 lots of dogs and cats about who won't  
be  so kind to you as ,i am2 you may go 
now4    ,he then put him down1 and ,mr4 
,rat leisurely retreated to his hole4   
,for  a long time afterward he found his
 breakfast regularly placed for him  at 
the mouth of his hole1 in return for    
which he1 as in duty bound1  became     
quite tame1 running about the shop1 and 
inquisitively turning  over every thing 
on the bench at which his protector was 
at work4  ,he would even accompany him  
into the stables when he went to feed   
the pony1 and pick up the corn as it    
fell from the manger1 keeping1  however1
 a respectful distance from the pony's  
legs4 ,his chief delight  was to bask in
 the warm window sill1 stretching his   
full length to  the mid-day sun4 ,this  
unfortunate1 though agreeable habit1    
proved his  destruction1 for one very   
hot day1 as he lay at his ease taking   

his  siesta1 the dog belonging to the   
bird-shop opposite espied him afar  off1
 and instantly dashed at him through the
 window4 ,the poor rat1 who  was asleep 
at the time1 awoke1 alas6 too late to   
save his life4 ,the  cruel dog caught   
him1 and took him into the road1 where a
 few sharp  squeezes and shakings soon  
finished him4 ,the fatal deed being     
done1 the  murderous dog left his       
bleeding victim in the dusty road1 and  
with ears  and tail erect1 walked away  
as though proud of his performance4 ,the
  dog's master1 knowing the history of  
the rat1 had him stuffed1 and his       
impaled skin1 with a silver chain round 
the neck1 forms to this day a  handsome 
addition to the shop-front of the       
bird-shop in ,brompton4    ,there is a  
curious fact connected with the habits  
of the rat1 which  warrants a closer    
observation on the part of those who    
have the  opportunity1 it is the        
emigration of rats4 ,it appears that    
rats1 like  many birds1 fish1 c41 are   

influenced to change their abode by want
 of  food2 by necessity of change of    
temperature2 by want of a place for     
incubation1 where they may obtain food  
for their young2 and1 lastly1 by  their 
fear of man4    ,a ,spanish merchant had
 forestalled the market of ,barcelona   
filberts on  speculation some years ago4
 ,he filled his warehouse with sacks of 
them1  and refused to sell them to the  
retail-dealers1 but at such a price as  
they could not afford to give4          
,thinking1 however1 that they would be  
obliged to submit to his demand1 rather 
than not procure them for sale1  he     
persisted in exacting his original      
price1 and thus lost nearly all  his    
treasure2 for he was informed by an     
early rising friend1 that he  had seen1 
just before sunrise1 an army of rats    
quitting the warehouse4  ,he immediately
 went to examine his sacks1 and found   
them gnawed in  various places1 and     
emptied of above half their contents1   
and empty  shells of filberts strewed   

over the floor4    ,pennant relates a   
story of a burglarious grand-larceny    
troop of rats1  which nearly frightened 
a young lady out of her wits1 by        
mistaking her  chimney for one leading  
to a cheese-room4 ,she was suddenly     
wakened by a  tremendous clatter in her 
bed-chamber1 and on looking up saw a    
terrific  troop of rats running about in
 wild disorder4 ,she had presence of    
mind  enough to throw her candlestick at
 them 7timor arma ministral7 and to  her
 great joy she found that they speedily 
departed by the way which  they had     
entered her apartment1 leaving only a   
cloud of soot over the  room4    ,forty 
years ago1 the house of a surgeon in    
,swansea was greatly infested  with     
rats1 and he completely got rid of them 
by burning off all the  hair from one of
 them which he had caught alive1 and    
then allowing it  to return to its hole4
 ,it was said that he never afterward   
saw a rat  on his premises1 except the  
burnt sufferer1 which on the following  

day returned1 and was caught in the same
 trap from which he had been  but just  
set at liberty4 ,i suppose that in their
 ,advertiser1 the  description of a     
ghost1 and a notice of haunted premises 
was given1  which caused the whole      
colony so unanimously to decamp4        
,a ,,dark ,,chapter ,,from ,,the ,,diary
 ,,of ,a ,,law ,,clerk4      ,one       
,ephraim ,bridgman1 who died in #aghc1  
had for many years farmed  a large      
quantity of land in the neighborhood of 
,lavenham or ,lanham  7the name is spelt
 both ways71 a small market-town about  
twelve miles  south of ,bury ,st4       
,edmunds4 ,he was also land agent as    
well as tenant  to a noble lord         
possessing much property thereabouts1   
and appears  to have been a very fast   
man for those times1 as1 although he    
kept  up appearances to the last1 his   
only child and heir1 ,mark ,bridgman1   
found on looking closely into his       
deceased father's affairs1 that  were   
every body paid1 he himself would be    

left little better than a  pauper4      
,still1 if the noble landlord could be  
induced to give a very  long day for the
 heavy balance due to him--not only for 
arrears of  rent1 but moneys received on
 his lordship's account--,mark1 who was 
a prudent energetic young man1 nothing  
doubted of pulling through  without much
 difficulty--the farm being low rented  
and the agency  lucrative4 ,this        
desirable object1 however1 proved       
exceedingly difficult  of attainment1   
and after a protracted and fruitless    
negotiation1 by  letter1 with ,messrs4  
,winstanley1 of ,lincoln's-,inn-,fields1
 ,london1  his lordship's solicitors1   
the young farmer determined1 as a last  
resource1 on a journey to town1 in the  
vague hope that on a personal  interview
 he should find those gentlemen not     
quite such square1 hard1  rigid persons 
as their written communications         
indicated them to be4  ,delusive hope6  
,they were precisely as stiff1 formal1  
accurate1 and  unvarying as their       

letters4 ,the exact balance due to his  
lordship1  said ,winstanley1 senior1 is1
 as previously stated1 #bajc #ads4      
#f;d41  which sum1 secured by warrant of
 attorney1 must be paid as follows3  one
 half in eight1 and the remaining moiety
 in sixteen months from  the present    
time4 ,mark ,bridgman was in despair3   
taking into account  other liabilities  
that would be falling due1 compliance   
with such terms  was1 he felt1 merely   
deferring the evil day1 and he was      
silently and  moodily revolving in his  
mind whether it might not be better to  
give  up the game at once rather than   
engage in a prolonged1 and almost       
inevitably disastrous struggle1 when    
another person entered the office  and  
entered into conversation with the      
solicitor4 ,at first the young  man did 
not appear to heed--perhaps did not hear
 what was said--but  after a while one  
of the clerks noticed that his attention
 was suddenly  and keenly aroused1 and  
that he eagerly devoured every word that

 passed  between the new comer and ,mr4 
,winstanley4 ,at length the lawyer1 as  
if  to terminate the interview1 said1 as
 he replaced a newspaper--,the  ,public 
,advertiser--an underlined notice in    
which had formed the  subject of his    
colloquy with the stranger1 upon a side 
table1 by which  sat ,mark ,bridgman4   
,you desire us then1 ,mr4 ,evans1 to    
continue this  advertisement for some   
time longer8 ,mr4 ,evans replied1       
,certainly1 six  months longer1 if      
necessary4 ,he then bade the lawyers    
good-day1 and  left the office4         
,well1 what do you say1 ,mr4 ,bridgman6 
asked ,mr4 ,winstanley1 as soon  as the 
door had closed4 ,are you ready to      
accept his lordship's very  lenient     
proposal8    ,yes1 was the quick reply4 
,let the document be prepared at once1  
and  ,i will execute it before ,i leave4
 ,this was done1 and ,mark ,bridgman    
hurried off1 evidently1 it was afterward
 remembered1 in a high state  of flurry 
and excitement4 ,he had also1 they      

found1 taken the newspaper  with him--by
 inadvertence1 the solicitor supposed1  
of course4    ,within a week of this    
time1 the good folk of                  
,lavenham--especially  its              
womankind--were thrown into a ferment of
 wonder1 indignation1  and bewilderment6
 ,rachel ,merton1 the orphan dressmaking
 girl1 who  had been engaged to1 and    
about to marry ,richard ,green1 the     
farrier  and blacksmith--and that a     
match far beyond what she had any right 
to expect1 for all her pretty face and  
pert airs1 was positively  being courted
 by ,bridgman1 young1 handsome1 rich1   
,mark ,bridgman of  ,red ,lodge 7the    
embarrassed state of the                
gentleman-farmer's affairs  was entirely
 unsuspected in ,lavenham72 ay1 and by  
way of marriage1                        
too--openly--respectfully1              
deferentially--as if he1 not ,rachel    
,merton1 were the favored and honored   
party6 ,what on earth1 every body       
asked1 was the world coming to8--a      

question most difficult of solution2    
but all doubt with respect to the bon   
fide nature of ,mark ,bridgman's        
intentions toward the fortunate         
dressmaker was soon at an end2 he and   
,rachel being duly pronounced man and   
wife at the parish church within  little
 more than a fortnight of the           
commencement of his strange and  hasty  
wooing6 ,all ,lavenham agreed that      
,rachel ,merton had shamefully  jilted  
poor ,green1 and yet it may be doubted  
if there were many of them  that1       
similarly tempted1 would not have done  
the same4 ,a pretty orphan  girl1       
hitherto barely earning a subsistence by
 her needle1 and about  to throw herself
 away upon a coarse1 repulsive person1  
but one degree  higher than herself in  
the social scale--entreated by the      
handsomest  young man about ,lavenham to
 be his wife1 and the mistress of ,red  
,lodge1  with nobody knows how many     
servants1 dependents1 laborers6--the    
offer  was irresistible6 ,it was also   

quite natural that the jilted blacksmith
  should fiercely resent--as he did--his
 sweetheart's faithless conduct2  and   
the assault which his angry excitement  
induced him to commit upon  his         
successful rival a few days previous to 
the wedding1 was far too  severely      
punished1 every body admitted1 by the   
chastisement inflicted  by ,mark        
,bridgman upon his comparatively weak   
and powerless assailant4    ,the morning
 after the return of the newly-married  
couple to ,red ,lodge  from a brief     
wedding trip1 a newspaper which the     
bridegroom had  recently ordered to be  
regularly supplied was placed upon the  
table4  ,he himself was busy with       
breakfast1 and his wife1 after a while1 
opened it1 and ran her eye carelessly   
over its columns4 ,suddenly an          
exclamation of extreme surprise escaped 
her1 followed by--,goodness  gracious1  
my dear ,mark1 do look here6 ,mark did  
look1 and read an  advertisement aloud1 
to the effect that ,if ,rachel ,edwards1

 formerly  of ,bath1 who1 in #agfb1     
married ,john ,merton1 bandmaster of the
 #bith  ,regiment of ,infantry1 and     
afterward kept a school in ,manchester1 
or  any lineal descendant of hers1 would
 apply to ,messrs4 ,winstanley1         
solicitors1 ,lincoln's-,inn-,fields1    
they would hear of something greatly  to
 their advantage4 ,why1 dear ,mark1 said
 the pretty bride1 as her  husband      
ceased reading1 my mother's maiden name 
was ,rachel ,edwards1  and ,i am1 as you
 know1 her only surviving child6 ,god   
bless me1 to be  sure6 ,i remember now  
hearing your father speak of it4 ,what  
can this  great advantage be1 ,i wonder8
 ,i tell you what we'll do1 love1 the   
husband added1 you would like to see    
,london1 ,i know4 ,we'll start by  coach
 to-night1 and ,i'll call upon these    
lawyers1 and find out what  it all      
means4 ,this proposition was1 of course1
 gladly acceded to4  ,they were gone    
about a fortnight1 and on their return  
it became known  that ,mark ,bridgman   

had come into possession of #ab1jjj in  
right of his  wife1 who was entitled to 
that sum by the will of her mother's    
maiden  sister1 ,mary ,edwards1 of      
,bath4 ,the bride appears not to have   
had the  slightest suspicion that her   
husband had been influenced by any other
  motive than her personal charms in    
marrying her--a pleasant illusion       
which1 to do him justice1 his unvarying 
tenderness toward her through  life1    
confirmed and strengthened2 but others1 
unblinded by vanity1  naturally surmised
 the truth4 ,richard ,green1 especially1
 as fully  believed that he had been    
deliberately1 and with malice prepense1 
tricked out of #ab1jjj1 as of the girl  
herself2 and this conviction1  there can
 be no doubt1 greatly increased and     
inflamed his rage against  ,mark        
,bridgman--so much so that it became at 
last the sole thought and  purpose of   
his life1 as to how he might safely and 
effectually avenge  himself of the man  
who was flaunting it so bravely in the  

world1 while  he--poor duped and        
despised castaway--was falling lower and
 lower in  the world every day he lived4
 ,this was the natural consequence of   
his increasingly dissolute and idle     
habits4 ,it was not long before  an     
execution for rent swept away his scanty
 stock in trade1 and he  thenceforth    
became a ragged1 vagabond hanger-on     
about the place--seldom  at work1 and as
 often as possible drunk2 during which  
fits of  intemperance his constant theme
 was the bitter hatred he nourished     
toward ,bridgman1 and his determination1
 even if he swung for it1 of  being one 
day signally avenged4 ,mark ,bridgman   
was often warned to be on  his guard    
against the venomous malignity of       
,green2 but this counsel he  seems to   
have spurned1 or treated with contempt4 
,while the vengeful blacksmith was thus 
falling into utter vagabondism1  all was
 sunshine at ,red ,lodge4 ,mark         
,bridgman really loved his pretty  and  
gentle1 if vain-minded wife--a love     

deepened by gratitude1 that  through her
 means he had been saved from insolvency
 and ruin2 and  barely a twelvemonth of 
wedded life had passed1 when the birth  
of a son  completed their happiness4    
,this child 7for nearly three years it  
did  not appear likely there would be   
any other7 soon came to be the idol  of 
its parents--of its father1 even more   
than of its mother4 ,it was  very       
singularly marked1 with two             
strawberries1 exceedingly distinct1 on  
its left arm1 and one1 less vivid1 on   
its right4 ,there are two fairs  held   
annually at ,lavenham1 and one of       
these--when little ,mark was  between   
three and four years old--,mr4 ,bridgman
 came in from ,red ,lodge  to attend1   
accompanied by his wife1 son1 and a     
woman-servant of the  name of ,sarah    
,hollins4 ,toward evening1 ,mrs4        
,bridgman went out shopping1  escorted  
by her husband1 leave having been       
previously given ,hollins to  take the  
child through the pleasure--that is the 

booth and show part  of the fair2 but   
with strict orders not to be absent more
 than an hour  from the inn where her   
master and mistress were putting up4 ,in
 little  more than the specified time   
the woman returned1 but without the     
child2  she had suddenly missed him1    
about half an hour before1 while looking
  on at some street-tumbling1 and had   
vainly sought him through the town      
since4 ,the woman's tidings excited     
great alarm2 ,mr4 ,bridgman himself     
instantly hurried off1 and hired        
messengers were1 one after another1     
dispatched by the mother in quest of the
 missing child4 ,as hour after  hour    
flew by without result1 extravagant     
rewards1 which set hundreds  of persons 
in motion1 were offered by the          
distracted parents2 but all  to no      
purpose4 ,day dawned1 and as yet not a  
gleam of intelligence  had been obtained
 of the lost one4 ,at length some one   
suggested that  inquiry should be made  
after ,richard ,green4 ,this was        

promptly carried  into effect1 and it   
was ascertained that he had not been    
home during  the night4 ,further        
investigation left no room for doubt    
that he had  suddenly quitted ,lavenham2
 and thus a new and fearful light was   
thrown  upon the boy's disappearance4   
,it was conjectured that the blacksmith 
must have gone to ,london2 and ,mr4     
,bridgman immediately set off thither1  
and placed himself in communication with
 the authorities of ,bow ,street4       
,every possible exertion was used during
 several weeks to discover the  child1  
or ,green1 without success1 and the     
bereaved father returned to  his home a 
harassed1 spirit-broken man4 ,during his
 absence his wife  had been prematurely 
confined of another son1 and this new   
gift of  ,god seemed1 after a while1 to 
partially fill the aching void in the   
mother's heart2 but the sadness and     
gloom which had settled upon the  mind  
of her husband was not perceptibly      
lightened thereby4 ,if ,i knew  ,mark   

was dead1 he once remarked to the rector
 of ,lavenham1 by whom  he was often    
visited1 ,i should resign myself to his 
loss1 and soon  shake off this heavy    
grief4 ,but that1 my dear sir1 which    
weighs me  down--is in fact slowly but  
surely killing me--is a terrible        
conviction  and presentiment that       
,green1 in order fully to work out his  
devilish  vengeance1 will studiously    
pervert the nature of the child--lead   
him  into evil1 abandoned courses--and  
that ,i shall one day see him--but ,i   
will not tell you my dreams1 he added1  
after stopping abruptly1 and  painfully 
shuddering1 as if some frightful spectre
 passed before his  eyes4 ,they are1 ,i 
trust1 mere fancies2 and yet--but let us
 change the  subject4    ,this          
morbidly-dejected state of mind was     
aggravated by the morose1  grasping     
disposition--so entirely different from 
what ,mr4 ,bridgman  had fondly         
prophesied of ,mark--manifested in      
greater strength with  every succeeding 

year by his son ,andrew1 a strangely    
unlovable and  gloomy-tempered boy1 as  
if the anxiety and trouble of the time  
during  which he had been hurried into  
the world had been impressed upon his   
temperament and character4 ,it may be1  
too1 that he felt irritated at1  and    
jealous of his father's ceaseless       
repinings for the loss of his  eldest   
son1 who1 if recovered1 would certainly 
monopolize the lion's  share of the now 
large family property--but not one whit 
too large in  his--,andrew              
,bridgman's--opinion for himself alone4 
,the young man had not very long to wait
 for it4 ,he had just passed his        
twentieth year when his father died at  
the early age of forty-seven  ,the last 
wandering thoughts of the dying parent  
reverted to the lost  child4 ,hither    
,mark1 he faintly murmured1 as the      
hushed mourners round  his bed watched  
with mute awe the last flutterings of   
departing life2  hither3 hold me tightly
 by the hand1 or you may lose yourself  

in this  dark1 dark wood4 ,these were   
his last words4 ,on the will being      
opened1  it was found that the whole of 
his estate1 real and personal1 had been 
bequeathed to his son ,andrew1 charged  
only with an annuity of #ejj to  his    
mother1 during life4 ,but1 should ,mark 
be found1 the property was  to be his1  
similarly charged with respect to ,mrs4 
,bridgman1 and #ajj  yearly to his      
brother ,andrew1 also for life1 in      
addition4    ,on the evening of the     
tenth day after his father's funeral1   
young ,mr4  ,bridgman sat up till a late
 hour examining various papers and      
accounts  connected with his            
inheritance1 and after retiring to bed1 
the exciting  nature of his recent      
occupation hindered him from sleeping4  
,while thus  lying awake1 his quick ear 
caught a sound as of some one breaking  
into  the house through one of the lower
 casements4 ,he rose cautiously1 went   
out on the landing1 and soon satisfied  
himself that his suspicion was  a       

correct one4 ,the object of the burglars
 was1 he surmised1 the plate  in the    
house of which there was an unusually   
large quantity1 both his  father and    
grandfather having expended much money  
in that article of  luxury4 ,andrew     
,bridgman was any thing but a timid     
person--indeed1  considering that six   
men altogether slept in the house1 there
 was but  little cause for fear--and he 
softly returned to his bedroom1 unlocked
  a mahogany case1 took out1 loaded and 
primed1 two pistols1 and next  roused   
the gardener and groom1 whom he bade    
noiselessly follow him4 ,the            
burglars--three in number1 as it        
proved--had already reached and opened  
the plate-closet4 ,one of them was      
standing within it1 and the others  just
 without4 ,hallo6 rascals1 shouted      
,andrew ,bridgman1 from the top  of a   
flight of stairs1 what are you doing    
there8    ,the startled and terrified   
thieves glanced hurriedly round1 and the
 two  outermost fled instantly along the

 passage pursued by the two servants1   
one of whom had armed himself with a    
sharp-pointed kitchen knife4 ,the  other
 was not so fortunate4 ,he had not      
regained the threshold of the  closet   
when ,andrew ,bridgman fired4 ,the      
bullet crashed through the  wretched    
man's brain1 and he fell forward1       
stone-dead1 upon his face4  ,the two    
others escaped--one of them after a     
severe struggle with the  knife-armed   
groom4    ,it was sometime before the   
uproar in the now thoroughly-alarmed    
household had subsided2 but at length   
the screaming females were  pacified1   
and those who had got up1 persuaded to  
go to bed again4 ,the  corpse of the    
slain burglar was removed to an         
out-house1 and ,andrew  ,bridgman       
returned to his bedroom4 ,presently     
there was a tap at the  door4 ,it was   
,sarah ,hollins4 ,i am come to tell you 
something1 said the  now aged woman1    
with a significant look4 ,the person you
 have shot is  the ,richard ,green you  

have so often heard of4    ,the young   
man1 ,hollins afterward said1 seemed    
much startled by this  news1 and his    
countenance flushed and paled in quick  
succession4 ,are  you quite sure this is
 true8 he at last said4    ,quite2      
though he's so altered that1 except1    
,missus1 ,i don't know any  body else in
 the house that is likely to recognize  
him4 ,shall ,i tell  her8    ,no1 no1   
not on any account4 ,it would only      
recall unpleasant events1  and that     
quite uselessly4 ,be sure not to mention
 your suspicion--your  belief1 to a     
soul4    ,suspicion6 belief6 echoed the 
woman4 ,it is a certainty4 ,but1 of     
course1 as you wish it1 ,i shall hold my
 tongue4    ,so audacious an attempt    
created a considerable stir in the      
locality1  and four days after its      
occurrence a message was sent to ,red   
,lodge from  ,bury ,st4 ,edmunds1 that  
two men1 supposed to be the escaped     
burglars1  were there in custody1 and   
requesting ,mr4 ,bridgman's and the     

servants'  attendance on the morrow1    
with a view to their identification4    
,andrew  ,bridgman1 the gardener1 and   
groom1 of course1 obeyed the summons1   
and  the prisoners were brought into the
 justice-room before them4 ,one was a   
fellow of about forty1 a brutal-visaged1
 low-browed1 sinister-looking  rascal1  
with the additional ornament of a but   
partially closed  hare-lip4 ,he was     
unhesitatingly sworn to by both men4    
,the other1 upon  whom1 from the instant
 he entered1 ,andrew ,bridgman had gazed
 with  eager1 almost1 it seemed1        
trembling curiosity1 was a well-grown   
young  man of1 it might be1 three or    
four and twenty1 with a quick1 mild1    
almost timid1 unquiet1 troubled look1   
and features originally comely  and     
pleasing1 there could be no doubt1 but  
now smirched and blotted  into ill favor
 by excess1 and other evil habits4 ,he  
gave the name of  ,robert ,williams4    
,andrew ,bridgman1 recalled to himself  
by the magistrate's voice1 hastily  said

 that he did not recognize this prisoner
 as one of the burglars4  ,indeed1 he   
added1 with a swift but meaning look at 
the two servants1  ,i am pretty sure he 
was not one of them4 ,the groom and     
gardener1  influenced no doubt by their 
master's manner1 also appeared doubtful 
as to whether ,robert ,williams was one 
of the housebreakers4 ,but if he  be1   
hesitated the groom1 hardly knowing     
whether he did right or wrong1  there   
must be some smartish wounds on his     
arms1 for ,i hit him there  sharply with
 the knife several times4    ,the       
downcast head of the youthful burglar   
was suddenly raised at these  words1 and
 he said1 quickly1 while a red flush    
passed over his pallid  features1 ,not  
me1 not me--look1 my arm-sleeves have no
 holes--no--    ,you may have obtained  
another jacket1 interrupted the         
magistrate4 ,we  must see your arms4    
,an expression of hopeless despair      
settled upon the prisoner's face2  he   
again hung down his head in shame1 and  

allowed the constables to  quietly strip
 off his jacket4 ,andrew ,bridgman1 who 
had gone to some  distance1 returned    
while this was going on1 and watched for
 what might  next disclose itself with  
tenfold curiosity and eagerness4 ,there 
are  stabs enough here1 sure enough1    
exclaimed a constable1 as he turned  up 
the shirt-sleeve on the prisoner's left 
arm4 ,there were1 indeed2  and in       
addition to them1 natural marks of two  
strawberries were  distinctly visible4  
,the countenance of ,andrew ,bridgman   
grew ashy pale1  as his straining eyes  
glared upon the prisoner's naked arm4   
,the next  moment he wrenched himself   
away1 as with an effort1 from the sight1
 and  staggered to an open window--sick1
 dizzy1 fainting1 it was at the time    
believed1 from the closeness of the     
atmosphere in the crowded room4 ,was  it
 not rather that he had recognized his  
long-lost brother--the true  heir to the
 bulk of his deceased father's wealth1  
against whom1 he  might have thought1 an

 indictment would scarcely lie for      
feloniously  entering his own house6 ,he
 said nothing1 however1 and the two     
prisoners  were fully committed for     
trial4    ,mr4 ,prince went down special
 to ,bury1 at the next assize1 to defend
  a gentleman accused of a grave        
offense1 but the grand jury having      
ignored the bill1 he would probably have
 returned at once1 had not  an attorney 
brought him a brief1 very heavily       
marked1 in defense of  ,robert          
,williams4 ,strangely enough1 too1      
remarked the attorney1  as he was about 
to go away1 the funds for the defense   
have been  supplied by ,mr4 ,andrew     
,bridgman1 whose house the prisoner is  
accused of  having burglariously        
entered4 ,but this is confidential1 as  
he is very  solicitous that his         
oddly-generous action should not be     
known4 ,there  was1 however1 no valid   
defense4 ,the ill-favored accomplice1   
why1 ,i know  not1 had been admitted    
king's evidence by the counsel for the  

crown1  and there was no resisting the  
accumulated evidence4 ,the prisoner  was
 found guilty1 and sentenced to be      
hanged4 ,i never intended1 he  said1    
after the verdict was returned2 and     
there was a tone of dejected  patience  
in his voice that affected one          
strangely1 ,i never intended to  commit 
violence against any one in the house1  
and but that my uncle--he  that was     
shot--said repeatedly that he knew a    
secret concerning ,mr4  ,bridgman 7he   
didn't know1 ,i am sure1 that he was    
dead7 which would  prevent us from being
 prosecuted if we were caught1 ,i should
 not  have been persuaded to go with    
him4 ,it was my first offense--in--in   
housebreaking1 ,i mean4    ,i had1 and  
indeed have1 some relatives in          
,mildenhall1 in the same  county1 whom1 
at the termination of the ,bury assize1 
,i got leave to  visit for a few days4  
,while there1 it came to my knowledge   
that ,mr4  ,andrew ,bridgman1 whom ,i   
had seen in court1 was moving heaven and

 earth  to procure a commutation of the 
convict's sentence to transportation    
for life4 ,his zealous efforts were     
unsuccessful2 and the ,saturday  ,county
 ,journal announced that ,robert        
,williams1 the burglar1 would  suffer1  
with four others1 on the following      
,tuesday morning4 ,i reached  ,bury on  
the ,monday evening1 with the intention 
of proceeding by the  ,london night     
coach1 but there was no place vacant4   
,the next morning ,i  could only have   
ridden outside1 and as1 besides being   
intensely cold1  it was snowing         
furiously1 ,i determined on postponing  
my departure  till the evening1 and     
secured an inside place for that        
purpose4 ,i  greatly abhor spectacles of
 the kind1 and yet1 from mere idleness  
and  curiosity1 ,i suffered myself to be
 drawn into the human stream flowing    
toward ,hang ,fair1 and once jammed in  
with the crowd in front of the  place of
 execution1 egress was1 ,i found1       
impossible4 ,after waiting a            

considerable time1 the death-bell       
suddenly tolled1 and the terrible       
procession appeared--five human beings  
about to be suffocated by human  hands1 
for offenses against property6--the     
dreadful and deliberate  sacrifice      
preluded and accompanied by sonorous    
sentences from the  ,gospel of mercy and
 compassion6 ,hardly daring to look up1 
,i saw little  of what passed on the    
scaffold1 yet one furtive1              
quickly-withdrawn  glance1 showed me the
 sufferer in whom ,i took most interest4
 ,he was  white as if already coffined1 
and the unquiet glare of his eyes was1  
,i noticed1 terribly anxious6 ,i did not
 again look up--,i could not2  and the  
surging murmur of the crowd1 as it      
swayed to and fro1 the  near whisperings
 of ribald tongues1 and the measured1   
mocking tones  of the minister1         
promising eternal life through the mercy
 of the most  high ,god1 to wretches    
whom the justice of man denied a few    
more  days or years of mortal           

existence--were becoming momently more  
and  more oppressive1 when a dull1 heavy
 sound boomed through the air2  the     
crowd swayed violently from side to     
side1 and the simultaneous  expiration  
of many pent-up breaths testified that  
all was over1 and to  the relief        
experienced by the coarsest natures at  
the consummation of a  deed too         
frightful for humanity to contemplate4  
,it was some time before  the mass of   
spectators began to thoroughly separate1
 and they were  still standing in large 
clusters1 spite of the bitter1 falling  
weather1  when a carriage1 furiously    
driven1 with the body of a female1 who  
was  screaming vehemently and waving a  
white handkerchief1 projected half  out 
of one of the windows1 was seen         
approaching by the ,london ,road4  ,the 
thought appeared to strike every one    
that a respite or reprieve  had come for
 one or more of the prisoners1 and      
hundreds of eyes were  instantly turned 
toward the scaffold1 only to see that if

 so it had  arrived too late4 ,the      
carriage stopped at the gate of the     
building4 ,a  lady dressed in deep      
mourning1 was hastily assisted out by a 
young man  with her1 similarly attired1 
and they both disappeared within the    
jail4  ,after some parleying1 ,i        
ascertained that ,i had sufficient      
influence  to obtain admission1 and a   
few moments afterward ,i found myself in
  the press-room4 ,the young man--,mr4  
,andrew ,bridgman--was there1 and  the  
lady1 who had fallen fainting upon one  
of the benches1 was his  mother4 ,the   
attendants were administering           
restoratives to her1 without  effect1   
till an inner door opened1 and the      
under-sheriff1 by whom she  was         
personally known1 entered2 when she     
started up and interrogated1  with the  
mute agony of her wet1 yet gleaming     
eyes1 the dismayed and  distressed      
official4 ,let me entreat you1 my dear  
madam1 he faltered1  to retire4 ,this is
 a most painful--fright--    ,no--no1   

the truth6--the truth6 shrieked the     
unfortunate lady1 wildly  clasping her  
hands1 ,i shall bear that best6    ,then
 ,i grieve to say1 replied the          
under-sheriff1 that the marks you       
describe--two on the left1 and one on   
the right arm1 are distinctly  visible4 
,a piercing scream1 broken by the words1
 ,my son6--oh ,god6--my son6  burst from
 the wretched mother's lips1 and she    
fell heavily1 and  without sense or     
motion1 upon the stone floor4 ,while the
 under-sheriff  and others raised and   
ministered to her1 ,i glanced at ,mr4   
,andrew  ,bridgman4 ,he was as white as 
the lime-washed wall against which he   
stood1 and the fire that burned in his  
dark eyes was kindled--it was  plain to 
me--by remorse and horror1 not by grief 
alone4    ,the cause of the sudden      
appearance of the mother and son at the 
closing scene of this sad drama was     
afterward thus explained3--,andrew      
,bridgman1 from the moment that all hope
 of procuring a commutation  of the     

sentence on the so-called ,robert       
,williams had ceased1 became            
exceedingly nervous and agitated1 and   
his discomposure seemed to but  augment 
as the time yet to elapse before the    
execution of the sentence  passed away4 
,at length1 unable longer to endure the 
goadings of a  tortured conscience1 he  
suddenly burst into the room where his  
mother  sat at breakfast1 on the very   
morning his brother was to die1 with an 
open letter in his hand1 by which he    
pretended to have just heard that       
,robert ,williams was the long-lost     
,mark ,bridgman6 ,the sequel has been   
already told4    ,the conviction rapidly
 spread that ,andrew ,bridgman had been 
from the  first aware that the youthful 
burglar was his own brother2 and he     
found  it necessary to leave the        
country4 ,he turned his inheritance into
  money1 and embarked for ,charleston1  
,america1 in the bark ,cleopatra1  from 
,liverpool4 ,when off the ,scilly       
,islands1 the ,cleopatra was chased  by 

a ,french privateer4 ,she escaped2 but  
one of the few shots fired at  her from 
the privateer was fatal to the life of  
,andrew ,bridgman4 ,he  was almost      
literally cut in two1 and expired       
instantaneously4 ,some  friends to whom 
,i have related this story deem his     
death an accident2  others1 a judgment3 
,i incline1 ,i must confess1 to the last
 opinion4  ,the wealth with which he    
embarked was restored to ,mrs4          
,bridgman1 who  soon afterward removed  
to ,london1 where she lived many        
years--sad ones1  no doubt1 but         
mitigated and rendered endurable by the 
soothing balm  of a clear conscience4   
,at her decease1 not very many years    
ago1 the  whole of her property was     
found to be bequeathed to various       
charitable  institutions of the         
metropolis4          ,monthly ,record of
 ,current ,events      ,,the ,,united   
,,states4    ,congress adjourned1 sine  
die1 on the #cast of ,august4 ,during   
the  last month of its session several  

important public laws were passed1  and 
various subjects of public interest were
 discussed at length4  ,substantial     
amendments to the ,postage ,law have    
been adopted1 by which  the rates of    
postage upon printed matter sent by     
mail1 have been  greatly reduced4 ,the  
new law takes effect on the #cjth of    
,september4  ,after that date each      
newspaper1 periodical1 or other printed 
sheet  not exceeding three ounces in    
weight1 will be sent to any part of the 
,united ,states for one cent--one cent  
additional being charged for  each      
additional ounce or fraction but when   
the postage is paid yearly  or          
quarterly1 in advance1 at the office    
where the paper is mailed or  delivered1
 one half of these rates only will be   
charged4 ,newspapers  and periodicals   
weighing not over an ounce and a half1  
when circulated  within the ,state where
 they are published1 will pay only half 
these  rates4 ,small newspapers and     
periodicals published once a month or   

oftener1 and pamphlets of not more than 
sixteen pages each1 when sent  in single
 packages weighing at least eight       
ounces1 to one address1 and  prepaid by 
affixing postage-stamps thereto1 are to 
be charged only  half a cent for each   
ounce4 ,the postage on all transient    
matter must  be prepaid by stamps or    
otherwise1 or double the rates first    
mentioned  will be charged4 ,books      
weighing not over four pounds may be    
sent by  mail at one cent an ounce for  
all distances under #cjjj miles1 and at 
two cents an ounce for all distances    
over #cjjj miles1 to which fifty  per   
cent4 will be added if not prepaid4     
,publishers of periodicals and          
newspapers are to receive their         
exchanges free of postage2 and weekly   
newspapers may also be sent to          
subscribers free within the county      
where they are published4 ,these are the
 essential provisions of the  new law3  
others are appended requiring the       
printed papers to be sent  open1 without

 any other communications upon them than
 the address1 and  without any other    
inclosures4----,a bill was also passed1 
making large  appropriations for the    
improvement of rivers and harbors in    
various  sections of the country3 the   
vote upon it in the ,senate was #ce yeas
 and  #bc nays3 in the ,house of        
,representatives it was passed by the   
casting  vote of the ,speaker1 there    
being #fi votes for and #fi votes       
against  it4 ,bills were also passed    
providing measures of greater security  
for  steamboat navigation1 by requiring 
various precautions on the part of      
owners3 granting to the ,state of       
,michigan land to aid the construction  
of a ship canal around the ,sault ,st4  
,marie1 and granting lands to  the      
,states of ,arkansas and ,missouri1 to  
aid in the construction of  railroads   
within those ,states3 establishing a    
trimonthly mail between  ,new ,orleans  
and ,vera ,cruz3 and making             
appropriations for the various  branches

 of the public service4 ,the whole      
number of public acts passed  during the
 session was #fd2 of private acts #eb3  
of joint resolutions  #ag4 ,the ,french 
,spoliation bill1 the bill granting     
public lands to the  several ,states1   
and several other measures of           
importance1 upon which  extended debate 
had been had1 were postponed until the  
next session4    ,on the #ajth of       
,august1 the ,president transmitted a   
message to ,congress1  communicating to 
that body all the documents relating to 
the dispute  concerning the ,fisheries  
on the ,british ,colonial coast4 ,in the
 ,senate1  on the #abth1 ,mr4 ,soule of 
,louisiana1 spoke in very warm censure  
of the  proceedings of the ,english     
government1 and criticising the measures
  of the ,administration as deficient in
 energy and determination4 ,he          
deprecated any negotiations with ,great 
,britain on the subject1 so long  as any
 part of her fleet should be in those   
waters1 and predicted the  speedy       

separation of the ,colonies from the    
,british empire4 ,mr4 ,butler  of ,south
 ,carolina1 as well as several other    
,senators1 expressed their  earnest     
hopes that the difficulty would be      
satisfactorily adjusted1  and at their  
suggestion the debate was postponed     
until the #adth1 when  ,mr4 ,seward made
 an extended and elaborate speech1      
setting forth the  whole history of our 
negotiations with ,england upon the     
,fisheries1  showing that ,england has  
presented no new claims1 and that she   
has not  indicated any purpose to use   
force or menaces in support of          
pretensions  she has hitherto urged1 and
 vindicating the ,president and         
,secretary  of ,state from the attacks  
made upon them4----,on the #afth1 while 
the  bill appropriating lands for the   
construction of a ship canal around  the
 ,falls of ,st4 ,mary was under         
discussion1 ,mr4 ,cass supported it on  
the ground of its being essential to the
 defenses of the country in  time of    

war1 and took occasion to say he would  
have no objection to  the annexation of 
,canada and the acquisition of ,cuba1 if
 these objects  could be accomplished   
without a war4 ,mr4 ,douglas spoke also 
in favor  of the grant for the work1 not
 as a necessary means of defense1 but   
for the purpose of augmenting the value 
of the public lands lying  further to   
the west3 he said that he would not vote
 a donation of money  for such a        
purpose1 but would support a bill       
granting public lands4  ,a motion to    
substitute #djj1jjj1 instead of land1   
was rejected by a  vote of #ba to #cb3  
and the bill was passed in its original 
form4----,on  the #agth1 a message was  
received from the ,president1 in reply  
to a  resolution offered a day or two   
previously by ,senator ,seward1         
inquiring  whether any proposition had  
been made to the ,united ,states by the 
,king of the ,sandwich ,islands1 to     
transfer the sovereignty of those       
islands to the ,united ,states4 ,the    

,president declines to communicate any  
information on the subject1 since to do 
so would be incompatible with  the      
public interest4 ,mr4 ,seward then      
offered a resolution providing  for the 
appointment of a ,commissioner1 to      
inquire into the expediency  of opening 
negotiations upon that subject4 ,the    
resolution and the  message was referred
 to the ,committee on ,foreign          
,relations4----,on  the #bc;d1 while the
 ,river and ,harbor ,bill was under     
debate1 ,senator  ,douglas offered a    
resolution giving the ,states power to  
levy tonnage  duties upon their         
commerce1 for the purpose of carrying on
 works of  internal improvement4 ,he    
supported this proposition at length4   
,mr4 ,cass  opposed it on the ground    
that the duties thus levied would in    
fact be  paid by the agricultural       
consumers4 ,mr4 ,smith of ,connecticut  
opposed  it1 because it would throw the 
whole burden of these duties upon the   
farmers of the ,west4 ,the amendment was

 rejected by #ag to #be4    ,on the     
#bhth1 in reply to a resolution1 a      
,message was received from  the         
,president1 transmitting sundry         
documents relating to the right of      
foreign nations to take guano from the  
,lobos islands1 off the coast  of ,peru4
 ,on the #b;d of ,june1 ,captain ,jewett
 wrote to ,mr4 ,webster1  inquiring     
whether these islands were the          
possession of any single  power1 or     
whether they were open to the commerce  
of the world4 ,mr4  ,webster replied    
that the islands were uninhabited1 that 
they had never  been enumerated among   
the possessions or dependencies of any  
of the  ,south ,american states1 and    
that citizens of the ,united ,states    
would  be protected in removing the     
valuable deposits upon them4 ,at the    
same  time the ,secretary of the ,navy  
ordered a vessel of war to be dispatched
  for the protection of ,american       
vessels engaged in this traffic4 ,under 
these assurances ,captain ,jewett and   

his associates fitted out some  twenty  
vessels which were immediately          
dispatched to the islands in  question4 
,mr4 ,webster's letter to ,captain      
,jewett1 meantime1 having  accidentally 
been made public1 the ,peruvian         
,minister1 ,senor ,osma1 in  three      
successive notes1 represented to the    
,government that the ,lobos  islands    
were dependencies of ,peru1 and that the
 ,united ,states could  have no rightful
 claim to remove their valuable         
deposits4 ,mr4 ,webster  replied to this
 claim on the #bast of ,august1 by an   
elaborate argument  showing that ,peru  
had hitherto1 by repeated acts1         
sustained the  position that the islands
 do not belong to any of the ,south     
,american  states4 ,they lie about      
thirty miles from the shore1 and are    
uninhabited  and uninhabitable4         
,citizens of the ,united ,states have   
visited them  in pursuit of seals for   
half a century2 and no complaint was    
made  of this until #ahcc1 when ,peru   

issued a decree forbidding foreigners   
from visiting them for any such purpose4
 ,the ,united ,states ,charg at  ,lima  
immediately remonstrated against this   
decree1 and requested its  modification1
 so far as to permit citizens of the    
,united ,states to  continue pursuits in
 which they had been engaged for so many
 years4 ,no  reply was made to this     
remonstrance1 and the citizens of the   
,united  ,states continued their        
avocations without any further          
interruption4 ,mr4  ,webster insists1   
therefore1 that while these islands lie 
in the open  ocean1 so far from the     
coast of ,peru as not to belong to that 
country  by the law of proximity or     
adjacent position1 the ,government of   
,peru  has not exercised any such acts  
of absolute sovereignty and ownership   
over them as to give to her a right to  
their exclusive possession as  against  
the ,united ,states and their citizens  
by the law of indisputable  possession4 
,the ,government of the ,united ,states 

is1 however1 disposed  to give due      
consideration to all the facts of the   
case1 and the  ,president will therefore
 give such orders to the naval forces on
 that  coast as will prevent collision  
until the case can be examined4    ,an  
important report was made in the        
,senate1 on the #cjth of ,august1 by    
,mr4 ,mason1 of ,virginia1 from the     
,committee on ,foreign ,relations1 upon 
the subject of the right of way across  
the ,isthmus of ,tehuantepec1  granted  
to ,don ,jose de ,garay1 in ,march1     
#ahdb1 by ,santa ,anna1 then  vested    
with supreme power as ,president of     
,mexico4 ,the report1 after  mentioning 
this grant1 and the stipulation         
contained in it that he1  as well as any
 private individual or company          
succeeding him1 native  or foreign1     
should be protected in undisturbed      
enjoyment of all the  concessions       
granted1 states that on the #ith of     
,february1 #ahdc1 a decree  was issued  
by ,general ,bravo1 who had succeeded to

 the ,presidency1  recognizing and      
affirming this grant1 and directing the 
departments of  ,oaxaca and ,vera ,cruz 
to put ,garay in possession of the lands
 ceded to  him by its provisions4 ,on   
the #fth of ,october1 #ahdc1 ,santa     
,anna1 being  restored to power1 issued 
a further decree1 directing the         
departments  to furnish #cjj convicts to
 be employed on the work2 and by another
  decree of ,december #bh1 #ahdc1 the   
time for commencing it was extended  a  
year--until ,july #a1 #ahde4 ,in        
,november1 #ahdf1 ,general ,salas1      
having1  by the course of revolution1   
become invested with supreme power as   
,dictator1 promulgated a decree1        
extending the time still further1       
namely1 until ,november #e1 #ahdh2 and  
the work was actually commenced  prior  
to that date4 ,this is the history of   
the grant so long as it  remained in the
 hands of ,garay4 ,during the year #ahdf
 various contracts  were entered into by
 which he transferred the grant1 with   

all its  rights and privileges1 to      
,messrs4 ,manning and ,mackintosh1      
subjects of  ,great ,britain3 and on the
 #bhth of ,september1 #ahdh1 these      
contracts  were formally recognized and 
consummated at the city of ,mexico4 ,on 
the  #eth of ,february1 #ahdh1 this     
grant was assigned to ,peter ,a4        
,hargous1  a citizen of the ,united     
,states1 who subsequently entered into a
  contract to assign the same to certain
 citizens of ,new ,orleans1 on  terms   
intended to secure the capital necessary
 to execute the work4  ,in ,december1   
#ahej1 a party of engineers was sent out
 by the ,american  assignees1 to        
complete the necessary surveys--who     
continued so employed  until the month  
of ,june following1 when they were      
ordered by the  ,mexican government to  
discontinue the work and leave the      
country--a  law having been passed by   
the ,mexican ,congress1 and approved by 
the  ,president1 ,may #bb1 #ahea1       
declaring the ,garay grant to be null   

and  void4 ,upon this statement of facts
 concerning the origin and history  of  
the grant1 the ,report proceeds to show 
that its validity had been  repeatedly  
recognized by the ,mexican government4  
,in #ahdf1 ,president  ,herrera issued  
orders to prevent cutting mahogany from 
these lands4 ,in  #ahdg1 while the      
treaty of peace was under discussion1   
,mr4 ,trist1 by  direction of our       
,government1 offered a large sum for the
 right of way  across the ,isthmus2 and 
was answered that ,mexico could not     
treat of  this subject because she had1 
several years before1 made a grant to   
one  of her own citizens1 who had       
transferred his right1 by authorization 
of the ,mexican government1 to ,english 
subjects1 of whose right ,mexico  could 
not dispose4 ,after the assignment of   
the grant to ,american  citizens1       
moreover1 the ,mexican government issued
 orders to the  ,governors of the       
,departments1 directing them to afford  
all needed aid  to the engineers1 who   

were accordingly sent1 the ports thrown 
open for  their supplies1 and over a    
hundred thousand dollars was expended   
upon  the work4 ,negotiations for a     
treaty of protection to the workmen were
  also opened1 and the draft of a       
,convention was concluded at ,mexico1   
in ,june1 #ahej1 and sent to the ,united
 ,states4 ,certain modifications  being 
suggested at ,washington1 this draft was
 returned to our ,minister  in ,mexico  
and a new ,convention was signed        
,january #bh1 #ahea1 with the  approval 
of ,president ,herrera4 ,this convention
 was ratified by the  ,senate of the    
,united ,states1 and returned to        
,mexico1 and finally  rejected by the   
,mexican ,congress1 in ,april1          
#aheb4--;,it is not pretended  that this
 rejection of the ,convention affects in
 the slightest degree  the validity of  
the grant4 ,the sole ground upon which  
its annulment is  claimed1 is1 that the 
decree of ,salas of ,november1 #ahdf1   
extending the  time for commencing the  

work1 was null and void1 inasmuch as he 
held  the supreme power by usurpation1  
or that he transcended his powers4      
,respect for the ,mexican ,government   
alone1 says the ,report1 restrains  the 
,committee from treating of this        
position in the terms it deserves4  ,the
 government of ,salas was acknowledged  
and submitted to by the people  of      
,mexico3--his decrees1 this one         
included1 were submitted to the         
,congress--and not one of them was ever 
approved by ,congress1 nor was  his     
authority ever questioned at any other  
time1 or in reference to  any other     
decree4 ,the doctrine that the          
,government de facto is the  ,government
 responsible1 has been fully recognized 
by ,mexico herself1 in  the case of the 
,dictatorship of ,salas1 as of those who
 preceded him4 ,it  is a principle of   
universal law governing the intercourse 
of nations1  with each other and with   
individuals1 and this ,government can   
not1 nor  ought not1 treat with         

indifference a departure from it by     
,mexico in the  present instance4 ,the  
report concludes by referring to the    
unfriendly  feeling which the           
proceedings of ,mexico indicate toward  
the ,united  ,states1 and by            
recommending the adoption of the        
following resolutions3    ,resolved1 ,as
 the judgment of the ,senate1 that in   
the present posture  of the question on 
the grant of a right of way through the 
territory  of ,mexico at the ,isthmus of
 ,tehuantepec1 conceded by that         
,republic to  one of its citizens1 and  
now the property of citizens of the     
,united  ,states1 as the same is        
presented by the correspondence and     
documents  accompanying the ,message of 
the ,president1 it is not compatible    
with  the dignity of this ,government to
 prosecute the subject further by       
negotiation4    ,second1 ,should the    
,government of ,mexico propose a renewal
 of such  negotiations1 it should be    
acceded to only upon distinct           

propositions  from ,mexico1 not         
inconsistent with the demands made by   
this ,government  in reference to said  
grant4    ,third1 ,that the ,government 
of the ,united ,states stands committed 
to  all its citizens to protect them in 
their rights abroad1 as well as at      
home1 within the sphere of its          
jurisdiction2 and should ,mexico1 within
  a reasonable time1 fail to reconsider 
her position concerning this  grant1 it 
will then become the duty of this       
,government to review all  existing     
relations with that ,republic1 and to   
adopt such measures as  will revive the 
honor of the country and the rights of  
its citizens4    ,in ,louisiana a new   
,constitution has been prepared by a    
,state  ,convention1 which introduces   
several new features of importance into 
the fundamental law of that state4 ,the 
right of suffrage and of  eligibility to
 office has been considerably enlarged4 
,every free1  white male citizen of the 
,united ,states1 over twenty-one years  

of age1  who has resided in the ,state a
 year1 and in the parish six months     
previous to the election1 is a qualified
 voter2 and every qualified  voter is   
eligible to either branch of the        
,legislature4 ,the ,legislature  is to  
hold annual sessions--elections being   
held biennially4--,the  ,judges of the  
,supreme ,court and of all the inferior 
courts are made  elective2--the ,supreme
 ,court is to consist of a ,chief       
,justice and  four associates--their    
term of office to be ten years4 ,the    
credit of  the ,state may be pledged for
 corporations formed for the purpose of 
making internal improvements within the 
,state1 by subscriptions of  ,stock1 or 
by loans to the extent of one-fifth of  
the capital4 ,all  ,corporations with   
banking or discounting privileges are   
prohibited1 as  are all special laws for
 creating ,corporations4 ,banking and   
discounting  associations may be created
 either by general or special laws--but 
ample security must be required for the 

redemption of their notes  in specie4   
,the ,constitution may be amended by the
 concurrence of  two-thirds of the      
members elected to both ,houses1 and a  
ratification of  the people at the next 
election1 by a vote on every proposed   
amendment  taken separately4 ,the new   
,constitution is to be submitted to the 
vote  of the people on the first        
,tuesday of ,november4    ,a dreadful   
steamboat catastrophe occurred on ,lake 
,erie on the #aith  of ,august4 ,the    
steam-propeller ,ogdensburgh ran into   
the steamer  ,atlantic1 striking her    
just forward of the wheel-house1 and    
injuring  her so seriously that1 after  
going a mile or two toward the shore1   
she sunk4 ,the propeller1 not           
understanding the full damage of the    
collision1 and anxious for her own      
safety1 did not go to the rescue  of her
 passengers until half an hour after the
 accident4 ,more than a  hundred persons
 lost their lives1 the greater portion  
of them being  ,norwegian emigrants     

huddled together on the forward deck1   
and unable1  through their ignorance of 
,english1 to avail themselves of the    
means of  safety suggested4 ,very       
conflicting statements in regard to the 
cause of  the collision have been       
published2--the night was not very dark1
 both  vessels had signal lights and a  
watch on deck4 ,the matter is undergoing
  judicial investigation4----,on the    
,hudson ,river still another accident   
occurred on the #dth of ,september4 ,as 
the steamer ,reindeer lay at the  wharf 
at ,bristol landing1 about forty miles  
below ,albany1 one of her  connection   
pipes burst1 and twenty-seven persons1  
mainly those in the  after-cabin1 were  
killed--fifty more being considerably   
injured4----,a  ,national ,convention of
 the ,free-,soil party was held at      
,pittsburgh  on the #aath of ,august1 at
 which ,john ,p4 ,hale1 of ,new         
,hampshire1  was nominated for          
,president1 and ,george ,w4 ,julian1 of 
,indiana1 for  ,vice-,president1 as the 

candidates of that party4----,a meeting 
of  delegates is to be held at ,macon1  
,georgia1 on the #bjth of ,october1 for 
the purpose of calling an ,agricultural 
,congress of the ,slaveholding          
,states--the chief objects of which are 
declared to be to develope the          
resources1 combine the energies1 and    
promote the prosperity of the  ,southern
 ,states1 and to cultivate the aptitudes
 of the negro race for  civilization2 so
 that when slavery shall have fulfilled 
its mission1  a system may be authorized
 which shall relieve the race from its  
servitude1 without sinking it to the    
condition of the free negroes at  the   
,north and in the ,west ,indies4        
,from ,,california we have intelligence 
to the #ast of ,august4 ,the            
intelligence is without any feature of  
special novelty4 ,the mining  prospects 
continue to be good1 and very large     
amounts of gold continue  to be         
procured4 ,the whole amount shipped from
 ,california during the  past year was  

over sixty-six millions of dollars4 ,the
 miners in every  section of the gold   
districts continue to receive abundant  
returns  for their labor4----,every mail
 brings a deplorable list of casualties 
and crimes in various parts of the      
,state1 the details of which it  is     
unnecessary here to repeat4 ,nearly all 
of the outrages occur in  the more      
distant and thinly-settled sections of  
the country2 and in  most cases the     
perpetration of crime is followed by the
 speedy1 and  often the lawless         
infliction of chastisement4----,the     
celebration of  the ,fourth of ,july at 
,san ,francisco was marked by the       
attendance in  procession of a large    
body of ,chinese1 who bore              
richly-decorated  banners1 got up in the
 style of their own country4 ,the       
,chinese  continued to arrive in the    
country in great numbers1 nearly four   
thousand having reached ,san ,francisco 
within a fortnight4 ,the hostility  of  
the miners toward them was abating4 ,the

 arrival of emigrants  from all quarters
 continued to be very great1 #bb1jjj    
having landed  between ,june #ast and   
,july #ith4 ,difficulties have arisen in
 the ,san  ,joaquin district between the
 ,american miners and a party of ,french
 and  ,spaniards1 who were thought to   
have trespassed upon private rights3    
serious collisions were apprehended at  
one time1 but a better state  of feeling
 has been induced4 ,it was currently    
reported that fresh  movements were on  
foot for the conquest and annexation of 
,southern  ,california4    ,in ,,oregon1
 it is stated1 valuable coal-mines have 
been discovered  near ,st4 ,helens1 on  
the ,columbia river4 ,the vein has been 
opened1 and  promises to be very        
extensive2--it is about two and a half  
feet thick1  and has been traced for    
half a mile4 ,the coal is remarkably    
pure4 ,other  mines have been discovered
 in the vicinity1 but they have not yet 
been  explored4----,the agricultural    
prospects of the territory were very    

good4 ,the population is stated at      
#bj1jjj1 and is said to be rapidly      
increasing4 ,a special session of the   
,legislature had been called by         
,governor ,gaines for ,july #bith4 ,the 
gold mines in the ,southern part of  the
 territory continued to yield fair      
returns4 ,complaints are made by        
recently arrived emigrants of           
ill-treatment received at the hands of  
the ,mormons during their passage       
through the ,salt ,lake country4        
,from the extreme ,,north ,,west--the   
,british possessions near ,lake         
,winnipeg--accounts of very disastrous  
floods have been received4 ,the         
settlement established by the ,earl of  
,selkirk in #ahab1 which had grown  into
 considerable importance as a point from
 which supplies were  furnished to the  
,fur ,companies of that region1 and     
which contained  about ten thousand     
inhabitants1 had been nearly destroyed  
by freshets  in the ,red ,river of the  
,north1 which began on the #eth of ,may1

 and  reached their height about the    
#bjth4 ,dwellings1 crops1 and nearly all
  the products of twenty-five years'    
labor have been swept away3 the  damage 
is estimated at about a million of      
dollars4      ,,south ,,america4        
,from the ,argentine ,republic we have  
intelligence of fresh political         
disturbances1 indicating at least the   
temporary failure of the new and        
moderate system introduced by ,urquiza  
after the defeat and expulsion of       
,rosas4 ,the ,convention from the       
several provinces summoned by ,urquiza1 
met at ,san ,nicholas--ten of the       
thirteen provinces being represented  by
 their governors1 and adopted a         
,constitution for the federation4 ,it   
provided for abolishing the transit     
duties1 and for the assembling of  a    
,congress at ,santa ,f1 which was to    
consist of two delegates from  each     
province1 to be selected by the popular 
vote1 to be untrammeled  by             
instructions1 and the minority to       

conform to the decision of  the         
majority1 without dissent or protest4   
,in order to defray the  national       
expenses1 the provinces agreed to       
contribute in proportion  to the product
 of their foreign ,custom-houses1 and   
that the permanent  establishment of the
 duties shall be fixed by ,congress4 ,to
 secure  the internal order and peace of
 the republic1 the provinces engage  to 
combine their efforts in preventing open
 hostilities or putting  down armed     
insurrections1 and the better to promote
 these objects1  ,general ,urquiza was  
recognized as ,general-in-chief of the  
armies of the  ,confederation1 with the 
title of ,provisional ,director of the  
,argentine  ,confederation4 ,in the     
,chambers of ,buenos ,ayres1 very warm  
opposition  was manifested to this      
,convention3 bitter and violent debates 
took  place1 and the popular clamor     
became so high that the ,governor ,lopez
  resigned his office2 whereupon        
,general ,urquiza dissolved the         

,chambers1  and took the supreme power  
into his own hands4 ,in a communication 
sent  by his order to the ,british      
,charg1 he states that the anarchy into 
which the province was thrown1 compelled
 him to take this step1 and  declares   
that he shall not extend the authority  
with which he is vested  beyond the time
 and the measures necessary for the     
re-establishment of  order in the       
province4 ,he also issued a brief       
address to the ,governors  of the       
provinces of the ,confederation1        
declaring that he should use  the power 
they had conferred upon him in rendering
 effective the  sovereign will of the   
nation1 in repelling foreign            
aggressions1 and  in restraining the    
machinations of those who might seek to 
awaken the  passions which had so often 
brought disaster upon them4 ,he promised
  that1 with their assistance1 the      
,argentine people should be presented   
before the world constituted1 organized1
 and happy4 ,my political  programme1 he

 adds1 which is founded on the          
principles of order1  fraternity1 and   
oblivion of all the past--and all the   
acts of my  public life1 are the        
guarantee that ,i give you of the       
promise which  ,i have just made1 and1  
with it you may rest assured1 that when 
the  ,national ,congress has sanctioned 
the ,constitution of the ,state1 and the
  confederated communities have entered 
into the constitutional path1  ,i will  
deliver up to it the deposit you have   
confided to me1 with a  tranquil        
conscience1 and without fearing the     
verdict of public opinion1  or the      
judgment of posterity4 ,after the       
dissolution of the ,chambers  there were
 some symptoms of rebellion1 but this   
proclamation restored  order1 and was   
well received4 ,he ordered all the      
printing offices to  be closed for a few
 days1 and banished five of the leading 
opposition  representatives from the    
country4 ,the provisional government had
 been  temporarily reinstalled3 and in  

this position affairs were awaiting the 
meeting of ,congress1 which was to take 
place in ,august4----,in ,brazil1       
important steps have been taken toward  
commencing works of internal            
improvement4 ,a company has been        
empowered to construct railways from    
,rio ,janeiro to several towns in the   
interior1 and an agreement is in        
progress between the ,imperial          
,government and a private company for   
the  regular navigation1 by steamboats1 
of the ,amazon4 ,the public revenue of  
,brazil continued to increase4 ,a       
project for granting government credit  
to aid in purchasing steamers to cruise 
against ,african slave-traders1  was    
under discussion in the ,chambers1 with 
a fair prospect of its                  
passage4----,from ,ecuador1 we learn    
that the expedition planned  and led by 
,general ,flores against ,guyaquil1 has 
been defeated and  dispersed4 ,the      
troops comprising it1 consisting of     
,chilians and  ,americans1 and numbering

 about nine hundred1 deserted ,flores1  
and went  over to ,general ,urbina1 the 
,president of ,ecuador1 to whom the six 
vessels of the expedition were also     
given up4 ,general ,flores himself      
escaped to ,tumbez4 ,from the partial   
narrative of an officer engaged  in the 
expedition1 which is the only account of
 it yet published1 the  army of ,flores 
seems to have been singularly deficient 
in energy1  discretion1 and valor4 ,one 
of the vessels was blown up on the #c;d 
of  ,july1 by the discharge of a pistol 
by one of the men1 who were drunk  in   
the cabin3 about thirty lives were lost 
by this casualty4----,in  ,chili1       
,congress was in session at our latest  
date1 ,july #ast4 ,bills  were under    
discussion to levy a direct tax on all  
property in cities  and towns for       
municipal purposes3 subjecting all      
schools to the control  of the parish   
priests2 and providing for the          
maintenance of the clergy4  ,the        
telegraph from ,valparaiso to ,lima was 

in operation1 and another  line was     
projected to ,copiapo--which is at the  
head of the province  whose silver      
deposits have yielded so abundantly of  
late3 it is said  that the export from  
that province for the year will amount  
to six  millions of dollars4 ,coal1 said
 to be very little inferior to the best 
,english coal1 is found at ,talcahuana4 
,labor and the necessaries of life  were
 very high at ,valparaiso4----,from     
,montevideo1 accounts to the #eth  of   
,june1 state that the ratification of   
the ,brazilian treaties puts an  end to 
all fear of another foreign war4 ,the   
principal clauses of the  ,convention   
agreed upon are the abandonment of the  
line of frontier  which the treaties of 
,october1 #ahea1 conceded to ,brazil1   
and the  cession of the right of free   
navigation on ,lake ,merim to the       
,oriental  flag4      ,,mexico4    ,the 
,mexican ,republic is again agitated by 
threatening insurrections in  various   
quarters1 which the central government  

finds itself powerless  to quell4 ,in   
,mazatlan and ,guadalajara strong bodies
 of insurgents1  supported by the       
,national ,guard1 have maintained       
themselves against the  government1     
which opposes them by decrees and       
commercial regulations  instead of      
troops4 ,upon the frontier the ravages  
of the ,indians  continue to be most    
destructive4 ,the government has invited
 proposals  for the construction of a   
road across the isthmus of ,tehuantepec1
 and  seems determined to resist the    
demands of the ,united ,states for the  
recognition of the ,garay grant4 ,the   
,mexican papers contain copious         
accounts of local disturbances and      
insurrections1 the details of  which it 
is needless here to repeat4 ,the        
condition of the country is  difficult  
and precarious in the extreme4 ,rumors  
have been circulated of  endeavors to   
secure the intervention of ,england and 
,france1 in order to  give greater      
strength and stability to the           

government1 and enable it to  resist    
encroachments constantly apprehended    
from the ,united ,states3 but  there is 
no reason to believe they have as yet   
proved successful4      ,,cuba4    ,the 
colonial government of ,cuba has        
discovered new and formidable           
conspiracies against the ,spanish       
authority in that island1 and has  made 
numerous arrests of suspected parties4  
,during the months of ,june  and ,july  
several numbers were clandestinely      
published and widely  circulated1 of a  
paper called ,the ,voice of the ,people1
 the object  of which was to arouse the 
,cubans to resistance of the ,spanish   
rule4  ,for some time the efforts of the
 authorities to detect its editors1 or  
the place of its publication1 were      
ineffectual3 but both were finally      
betrayed by parties who had become      
acquainted with them4 ,the principal    
editor1 however1 had previously escaped 
to the ,united ,states4 ,nearly  all    
engaged upon it1 so far as known1 were  

either native ,cubans or  ,spaniards4   
,the cholera was very prevalent and     
destructive at ,havana1 at  our latest  
dates4      ,,great ,,britain4          
,parliament has been still farther      
prorogued until the #ahth of ,october1  
when1 it is announced1 it will          
positively meet for the dispatch of     
business4 ,with the close of the        
elections1 political discussion  seems  
to have been for the time suspended4    
,there is great difficulty  in deciding 
upon the party complexion of the new    
,house of ,commons1  owing to the mixed 
character of the contest4 ,the most     
disinterested  authorities1 however1    
seem to warrant the belief that of the  
whole  number of seats 7#feh71 #cad are 
filled by ,ministerialists1 #be by ,free
  ,trade ,conservatives1 #ahf by ,whigs 
proper1 #ec by ,radical reformers1 #eg  
,irish members1 and #ac ,independents1  
while there are #aj vacancies4 ,upon    
the question of ,protection1 the        
,ministry seems to be in a hopeless     

minority2 while upon other subjects1    
their majority is not large enough  to  
be very reliable4----,the ,queen left   
,london on the #ith of ,august1  for    
,belgium3 she returned on the           
#agth4----,the dispute with the ,united 
,states concerning the ,fisheries1 has  
engrossed a good deal of public         
discussion in ,england--the greatest    
variety of views1 of course1            
prevailing4 ,the general current of     
opinion seemed to be1 that1 although  a 
strict construction of treaties would   
sustain the course pursued  by the      
,english government1 yet the fact that  
the rights claimed had  lain in abeyance
 for many years1 required a more        
considerate course  of proceeding1 and  
some longer notice of an intended change
 to the  ,american parties interested4  
,the latest advices represent that a    
mutual  understanding had been had1     
which would obviate all present         
difficulty1  and lead to the peaceful   
adjustment of the dispute4 ,as to its   

basis  or general tenor we have no      
intelligence sufficiently authentic to  
warrant publication here4----,kossuth   
had reached ,london1 where he was       
living in privacy4 ,the ,english        
government is reported to have given    
,austria satisfactory assurances that   
all due measures of precaution  would be
 taken to prevent his presence in       
,england from disturbing the  friendly  
relations of the two countries4----,news
 of fresh defeats  continues to arrive  
from the ,cape of ,good ,hope4 ,the     
natives not only  keep the military at  
bay1 but have in several instances acted
 with  success on the                   
offensive4----,emigration to ,australia 
is still on the  increase4 ,no fewer    
than #aag ships and vessels were entered
 outwards  in ,great ,britain at one    
time1 of which #gc were loading at      
,london  alone4----,active measures were
 in progress for enrolments under the   
new  ,militia ,act4----,the first column
 of the new ,crystal ,palace was erected

  at ,sydenham on the #eth of ,august1  
with becoming ceremonies4 ,a large      
company was present1 and speeches were  
made by several distinguished  persons4 
,,the ,,continent4    ,since the        
adjournment of the ,legislative         
,assembly1 events in ,,france  have had 
less than usual interest4 ,the          
,president left ,paris on  the #agth of 
,july1 to celebrate the opening of the  
railway between  ,paris and ,strasbourg1
 which is now completed4 ,he was        
received with  eclat1 reviewed the      
troops1 and went to ,baden-,baden1 his  
main object  being1 according to rumor1 
to arrange for a matrimonial alliance   
with a daughter of ,prince ,gustave de  
,vasa4 ,he returned to ,paris on  the   
#bdth1 where he had a military          
reception1 generally described as       
lacking enthusiasm4----,a change has    
been made in the ,ministry by the       
appointment of ,m4 ,achille ,fould1     
,minister of ,state1 in place of ,m4    
,casabianca4 ,m4 de ,cormenin1 the well 

known pamphleteer1 ,m4 ,giraud1 and  ,m4
 ,persil have also become ,members of   
the ,council of ,state1 in place  of    
,maillard1 ,cornudet1 and ,reverchon1   
resigned4----,m4 ,odillon ,barrot1      
declines to be a candidate for the      
,assembly1 asking1 in his letter1  what 
he can have to do with public affairs1  
now that on the ruins  of the           
constitutional and ,parliamentary       
,government of his country1  the most   
absolute power that exists in the world 
is establishing  itself1 not as a       
transient or a casual dictatorship but  
as a permanent  ,government1 when the   
mendacious forms of universal suffrage  
and popular  election serve only to     
secure the return of candidates         
designated by  the ,administration1 and 
have only been preserved to give a false
 air  of liberty to the sad and         
humiliating reality of despotism4----,a 
decree has been issued authorizing to   
return immediately to ,france  the      
ex-representatives ,creton1 ,duvergier1 

,thiers1 ,chambolle1 ,remusat1          
,lasteyrie1 ,laidet1 and ,thouret4      
,another decree removes the interdiction
  of ,january #aj1 to reside in ,france1
 against ,renaud1 ,signard1 ,joly1      
,theodore ,bac1 ,belin1 ,besse1         
,milloste1 ex-representatives of the    
,mountain4----,the municipal elections  
that have recently been held are  marked
 by the failure of voters to attend the 
polls4 ,upon an average  not one-fourth 
of the legal ballots have been cast2 and
 this proves to  be the case in those   
departments where a second election was 
ordered  expressly to supply the defect 
in the first4 ,this very general absence
  from the polls is noted as a          
significant indication of the little    
interest felt in the new government by  
the mass of the people4----,the  ,london
 ,chronicle has published the text of a 
treaty alleged to have  been signed on  
the #bjth of ,may1 by the sovereigns of 
,austria1 ,russia1  and ,prussia1 in    
regard to the present and prospective   

condition  of the ,french government4   
,the contracting parties declared that1 
although they would respect the rule of 
,louis ,napoleon as a temporary         
government1 they would not recognize any
 ,french dynasty except the  ,house of  
,bourbon1 and that they would reserve to
 themselves1 in case of  opportunity1   
the right to aid the restoration of the 
representative of  the elder branch of  
that family4 ,the authenticity of the   
document has  been generally            
discredited1 and1 indeed1 denied by     
,austrian official                      
journals4----,addresses have been freely
 circulated throughout ,france  urging  
the ,president to restore the ,empire4  
,they are issued under  the special     
direction of the authorities of the     
departments1 who are  appointed by the  
,president2 and yet it is represented   
that they are by  no means numerously   
signed1 and that but a small proportion 
of them are  decidedly and frankly      
,imperialist4----,the #aeth of ,august1 

,napoleon's  birthday1 was signalized by
 ftes of extraordinary magnitude and    
splendor4 ,the most elaborate and       
protracted preparations had been made   
for it2 thousands and tens of thousands 
came in from all sections  of the       
country to witness the display2 and the 
occasion was one of  unwonted brilliancy
 and splendor4 ,grand exhibitions of the
 military1  fireworks1 scenes and shows 
skillfully calculated to recall the     
memory  and the glory of ,napoleon1 and 
a great ball at ,st4 ,cloud signalized  
the occasion4 ,the people of ,paris had 
been invited by official  proclamation  
to illuminate their houses2 but the     
noticeably sparse  compliance with the  
request is remarked as more truly       
indicative of the  sentiments of the    
people1 than the elaborate exhibitions  
arranged by  the government4----,the    
anniversary of the taking of the        
,bastile on the  #adth of ,july1 an     
occasion often commemorated by assembled
 thousands1  and with great eclat1 was  

celebrated this year by the deposit of a
  single crown on the railings of the   
column1 performed by a lady2  the symbol
 was instantly removed1 and the lady and
 her husband were  arrested4----,marshal
 ,excelmans1 a soldier of the ,empire1  
specially  attached to ,murat1 and a    
witness of the disaster of ,waterloo1   
was  killed in ,paris by a fall from his
 horse1 on the #bast of ,july4 ,his     
funeral was numerously attended4 ,count 
,d',orsay1 noted in the circles of      
fashion1 and distinguished also for     
literary and artistic abilities1  died  
on the #dth of ,august4    ,from ,,italy
 there is little intelligence beyond    
that of a system of  wholesale arrests  
of suspected persons4 ,at ,venice1      
,mantua1 and other  cities1 great       
numbers of influential persons have been
 thrown into  prison1 mainly in the     
hope1 as is believed1 that they may be  
induced or  forced to reveal suspected  
conspiracies4 ,warm disputes have       
occurred at  ,rome between the ,french  

and ,roman soldiers4 ,the mother of     
,mazzini died  of apoplexy1 at ,genoa1  
on the #ith of ,august2 her funeral was 
attended  by a very large concourse of  
people4----,in ,piedmont the ,government
  has resolved to resist and punish the 
abuse of the right of petition  against 
the marriage bill1 which1 it is alleged1
 is made the pretext  for agitating the 
country4 ,several instances of severity 
toward the  press have occurred4----,in 
,naples1 ,mr4 ,hamilton1 an ,english    
,protestant1  relying on an article in  
the treaty of #ahde1 set up a school in 
#ahdh1  for the education of ,swiss and 
,english children4 ,by degrees1         
,government  influence was used to drive
 away his pupils4 ,the ,police have now 
forcibly closed the school4 ,sir        
,william ,temple was informed of the    
act1 but it is not known what course the
 ,british ,government will pursue4      
,in ,,austria the most marked event of  
the month was the ,emperor's return  to 
,vienna1 after his tour through         

,hungary1 where he is represented  to   
have been received with the general     
enthusiasm of the people4 ,the  liberal 
papers allege that much of the          
cordiality with which he was  greeted in
 the ,hungarian portion of his          
dominions1 was prearranged1  and that   
the real sentiments of the people were  
in no wise indicated  by it4 ,he reached
 ,vienna on the #adth of ,august1 and   
had a magnificent  reception4 ,he was to
 leave on the #afth for ,ischl4----,the 
budget for the  year shows a deficit of 
over fifty-five millions of florins4    
,in ,,switzerland nothing of special    
interest has occurred4 ,the ,national   
,council1 after three days' debate1 has 
rejected a petition presented by        
conservatives of the ,canton of         
,fribourg1 praying for an alteration of 
the ,cantonal ,constitution1 by a vote  
of #gi to #ah4 ,it was regarded as  an  
attempt to renew the troubles of the    
,sonderbund1 under the guise of         
reforming the ,constitution4 ,at the    

same sitting1 on the #eth of ,august1   
the ,council decided upon remitting to  
the ,cantons the remainder of the  debt 
created by the troubles of #ahdg4 ,the  
money is to be applied to the           
completion of certain scholastic        
institutions1 or to the extinction of   
pauperism1 or to the construction of    
railways1 common roads and canals1      
subject to the approbation of the       
,federal ,executive4 ,it is stated that 
the ,prussian ,minister at the ,helvetic
 confederation1 has formally  demanded  
the re-establishment of the ancient     
political relations with  ,prussia in   
the ,canton of ,neufchatel4 ,the ,grand 
,council of that ,canton1  on the #cjth 
of ,july1 decreed the suppression of a  
society of the  partisans of ,prussia by
 #fi votes to #aa4    ,from ,,belgium   
intelligence has been received that a   
convention has  been concluded between  
the ,belgian and ,dutch governments for 
the  amalgamation of the railways of the
 two countries4 ,the great trunk line   

beginning at ,antwerp will be continued 
to ,rotterdam1 and so be put  into      
communication with the whole of the     
,netherlands4 ,it is stated1  upon good 
authority1 that the ,bavarian government
 has engaged to pay  #a1djj1jjj florins 
to the administration of the ,palatinate
 ,railway1  on condition that the latter
 shall undertake to execute the works on
  the line from ,ludwigshafen to        
,wissemburg speedily4 ,this is the point
  to which the ,strasburg ,railway is to
 be continued beyond the ,french        
frontier4----,a change has occurred in  
the ,belgian ,ministry4 ,the  commercial
 regulations between ,france and        
,belgium are placed under the  rgime of 
the common law1 the treaty of #ahde not 
having been renewed4    ,from ,,turkey  
we learn that ,mr4 ,,marsh1 the         
,american ,minister1 left               
,constantinople on the #cjth of ,july   
for ,athens1 whither he goes to         
investigate the circumstances attending 
the arrest and imprisonment  of the     

,american missionary1 ,dr4 ,,king4      
,previous to leaving he had an  audience
 with the ,sultan4----,numerous and very
 destructive fires have  recently       
occurred in ,constantinople--two or     
three thousand houses  having been      
burned4----,fresh and interesting       
discoveries are said to  have been made 
at ,nineveh by ,m4 ,place1 the ,french  
,consul at ,mosul2 he  is said to have  
found a series of paintings upon marble 
in vermillion  and marine               
blue4----,steam navigation has lately   
increased greatly  at ,constantinople4  
,more than twenty steamers now ply daily
 in the  ,bosphorus and the ,sea of     
,marmora4 ,it is said that a ,russian   
company is  about to be formed1 which   
will have twenty vessels to run in      
opposition  to these now established4   
,editor's ,table4      ,the ,sabbath    
presents the most purely religious1 and1
 at the same time1  the least sectarian 
of all moral questions4 ,it has1        
however1 been  generally regarded under 

two aspects1 and defended on two        
distinct if  not opposing grounds4 ,one 
of these may be called the ,scriptural  
or  theological1 the other the physical 
or secular4 ,one class of advocates     
would lay the greatest stress on its    
divine appointment1 the other  upon its 
worldly advantages4 ,one would magnify  
its ecclesiastical1 the  other its      
political and social importance4        
,without entering at length  upon either
 of these arguments1 in our present     
editorial musings1 it is  enough for us 
to state that those who would defend it 
as a permanent  divine institution1 rely
 mainly on the remarkable passage in    
,genesis  announcing the divine rest    
from creation1 and the sanctification of
 the  seventh period of time1 the       
,fourth ,commandment as confirmatory of 
the  same1 and the early and continued  
example of the primitive ,christian     
church1 as evidence of a                
divinely-authorized change from the     
seventh  day of the ,jewish calendar to 

that on which ,christ rose from the     
dead4    ,the other argument1 which may 
be denominated the physical or secular1 
is a great favorite with writers and    
speakers of a certain class1 who  would 
be thought to be friends of the         
observance of the ,sabbath1 and  all    
moral institutions connected with it1   
and yet would prefer to  advocate them  
on grounds less strictly religious4     
,these dwell much on  the physical      
advantages of a day of rest4 ,they enter
 into calculations  respecting the      
maximum time of human and animal        
exertion1 and the  minimum period of    
relaxation required to counterbalance   
its effects  upon the physical system4  
,it is with them mainly a problem of    
political  economy1--a question of      
production1--of prices1--of the increase
 or  diminution of individual or        
national wealth4 ,in these respects the 
value of the ,sabbath is carefully      
measured by statistical tables4         
,figures which can not lie prove it to  

be a very useful institution1  and the  
divine wisdom is greatly lauded in the  
contrivance of such  an admirable means 
for preserving a healthful equilibrium  
in the  industrial and business world4  
,we would1 however1 by no means speak   
slightingly of such supposed ends1  or  
of such an argument in support of them4 
,does ,god take care for  oxen8 ,the    
language of the ,apostle is not an      
ironical negative1 as some  might       
suppose1 but an a fortiori argument to  
show his higher care for  man1 and above
 all1 for man's spiritual well-being4   
,we may rationally  suppose that higher 
purposes are harmoniously conjoined with
 lower in  the divine mind4 ,it is not  
unworthy of the author of the universe  
to  have established such a harmony     
between the physical and the spiritual  
worlds4 ,the ,bible plainly speaks of   
things which have the promise  both of  
this life and of that which is to come1 
and among these the  right observance of
 the ,sabbath would doubtless hold a    

distinguished  place4 ,it is the great  
connecting bond between the political   
and the  religious1 between social      
virtue and the individual devoutness1   
between  the kingdom of nature and the  
kingdom of grace1--in short1 between    
all secular and all spiritual           
moralities4 ,we can not well conceive of
  either squalid poverty or debasing    
vice in a community distinguished  for  
its intelligent reverence of the        
,sabbath4 ,such reverence1 however1     
could not well exist or long be         
maintained1 where the secular           
utilities1 true and valuable as they may
 be1 are the only or even  the chief    
motives appealed to4 ,the temporal loses
 not only its moral  excellence1 but its
 power even for temporal good1 when     
wholly severed  from the spiritual4     
,neither is there sufficient support for
 sabbatical institutions  in the merely 
merciful idea of bodily relaxation4 ,we 
are still in  the region of secular     
benevolence1 and without some influence 

from  a higher world of motive and      
feeling1 the sacred idea of rest  will  
inevitably degenerate1 and give place to
 its demoralizing                       
counterfeits--idleness--dissipation--and
 vice4 ,thus could it be  shown1 that   
even for the best secular ends1 a       
,sabbath divested of the  religious     
element would be far worse that         
unintermitted labor4    ,but we would   
hasten to another and a third view1     
which may be  characterized as being    
more catholic1 or rather less sectarian1
 than  the first1 and1 at the same time1
 more spiritual1 or less secular1  than 
the second4 ,to firm believers in the   
positive divine institution  of the     
,sabbath 7among whom we have no         
hesitation in avowing ourselves7  the   
merely worldly argument would appear1   
sometimes1 to betray1 rather  than      
support1 the very cause it professes to 
advocate4 ,on the other  hand1 there    
are1 doubtless1 many inquiring minds to 
whom the ,scriptural  argument seems    

more or less defective1 but who would1  
nevertheless1  accept a more elevated   
and more religious view than the one we 
have  denominated the physical or the   
secular4 ,there are good men1 very good 
men1 and honest believers1 too1 in the  
written revelation1 who have a          
prejudice against any thing positively  
outward and ritual in religion1  on the 
ground of its savoring too much of what 
they deem the obsolete  ,jewish economy4
 ,there are others who do not so accept 
the plenary  inspiration of the         
,scriptures1 that they would regard as  
conclusive any  merely exegetical or    
traditionary argument4 ,there are those1
 again1 who  wholly reject the authority
 of the commonly-received revelation4   
,there  are men who go farther than     
this--pantheists1--scientific theists1  
who recognize only an impersonal ,power 
and ,wisdom--men on the very  verge of  
atheism1 and some beyond all limits that
 the most tender  charity can regard as 
separating us from that doleful region4 

,and yet  among them all--may we not say
 it without giving just offense to the  
strictest believer--among them all there
 may be sober men1 thinking  men1 deeply
 serious men1 for whom it is possible1  
and1 if possible1  most desirable1 to   
frame an argument for a ,sabbath that   
may steer clear  of the apparent        
difficulties in the one view1 and the   
really lowering  and unspiritualizing   
tendency of the other4    ,let those1   
then1 who feel strong in that position1 
ground their  reverence for the ,sabbath
 in a positively revealed divine        
appointment4  ,among them would we class
 ourselves1 even while endeavoring so to
  widen the platform as to embrace as   
many others as possible4 ,let  those1   
again1 who can take no higher view than 
that derived from its  physical         
benefits1 hold fast to such a faith4    
,frail as the plank may  seem1 it may   
deliver them from the shipwreck of total
 unbelief4 ,the  view indeed is a low   
one1 and yet1 if honestly held1 may     

conduct the  mind to a higher estimate4 
,it is something1--it is much1--to      
believe  truly that in the physical     
arrangements of the world1 ,god has     
shown  this kind care for our material  
well-being4 ,if the soul is not utterly 
buried in earthliness1 the thought of   
such a concern for the body must  tend1 
at least1 to the higher idea of a still 
higher concern for the  blessedness of  
our spiritual nature4    ,now it is in  
this thought we find that third view of 
the ,sabbath  which must have an        
interest1 we would charitably hope1 for 
all the  classes that have been         
mentioned4 ,many believe that we need a 
day for  special religious worship2     
others hold to the necessity of a day   
of bodily rest4 ,but do we not          
all--whatever may be our creed1 our     
belief or our unbelief--need a day1 an  
oft-recurring day1 of serious  thought8 
,whatever may be our faith1 or want of  
faith1 every man who  has not wholly    
sunk down into the mere animal nature1  

needs periods1  oft-recurring and stated
 periods1 in which he shall yield his   
whole  soul to the questions--- ,what am
 ,i8 ,where am ,i8 ,whence came ,i8     
,why am ,i here8 ,what have ,i to do8   
,how am ,i doing it8 ,whither  am ,i    
going8 ,the tremendous interest of these
 questions is not to be  measured by the
 excess or deficiency of our creeds1    
unless it be  that the very lack of     
belief invests them with a more         
immeasurable  importance1 or that each  
presents a more serious problem for     
serious  minds1 until we come down to   
that horror of great darkness1 the death
  of all faith in a supernatural or     
truly spiritual world4    ,take the man 
who calls himself the liberal or        
free-thinking ,christian4  ,we have no  
objection to the title1 or want of      
charity toward him who  assumes it4 ,he 
needs a ,sabbath for intense thought1   
not so much on  the argumentative       
evidence of particular dogmas1 as on the
 great yet  simple questions1 whether   

the liberality of his opinions1 and the 
few  difficulties they present to his   
own mind1 may not be evidence of their  
having no foundation in any wide system 
of eternal truth1--whether  a religious 
creed that has no profound awe for the  
soul1 no fearful  apprehensions1 no deep
 moral anxieties1 no absorbing interest 
in a life  to come1 does not1 from the  
very fact of such deficiency1 prove     
itself  a contradiction and a lie4 ,so  
too the man who is but beginning to     
doubt  the full inspiration of the      
,scriptures needs a period of most      
earnest  meditation on the risk he may  
be running of giving up an only guide1  
whose place can never be made good by   
any thing in nature1 philosophy1  or    
science4 ,the professed infidel needs a 
,sabbath1 an oft-recurring  ,sabbath1 of
 serious thought on that question of    
questions--,has ,god  indeed ever spoken
 to man1 or spoken at all1 except       
through physical  laws8--,has the awful 
stillness of nature been ever broken by 

a true  voice from a true supernatural  
world8--,and the atheist1 too1--has he  
no need of a ,sabbath1 a frequent day of
 thought and thoughtfulness1 in  which  
he may call up and spread before his    
mind1 in all their fearful  importance1 
the sombre articles of his own dark     
creed8 ,for creed  indeed he has1       
unsurpassed in solemnity by that of any 
religionist4  ,it has been quite common 
to deny the possibility of atheism1 but 
the  history of the world and of the    
church is showing that it is the  only  
legitimate antagonism to a true belief  
in positive revelation4  ,the shallow   
sciolist may not perceive it1 and yet   
this is the dark  conclusion in which   
some of his favorite speculations must  
inevitably  terminate4 ,there is no man1
 therefore1 who has a stronger demand   
upon  our most tender charity than the  
atheist4 ,no belief presents greater    
difficulties1 and yet there is no one to
 which the thinking mind is  more       
strongly impelled1 when it has once     

learned to distrust the lamp  of        
revelation1 and to see only shadows and 
spectres in that light  shining in a    
dark place1 and to which we do well to  
take heed1 until  the day dawn and the  
eternal day star arise in our souls4    
,no man1 then1 we repeat it1 stands more
 in want of a ,sabbath than  the        
atheist4 ,no man has greater need of    
some such seasons in which  he may      
perhaps find a cure for his dreadful    
spiritual blindness by  giving himself  
up to all the terrific consequences of  
his gloomy  creed4 ,let him devote one  
day in seven to the sober contemplation 
of a  universe without a ,god1 without a
 providence1 without prayer1 without  a 
moral government1--religion1 reverence1 
and worship forever dead and            
gone1--buried with them in their graves 
all that was most touching  in poetry1  
beautiful in art1 elevating in science1 
or sublime in  philosophy1--all moral   
distinctions perished1 of course1 except
 those  base counterfeits which resolve 

themselves into the pursuit of physical 
pleasure1 or the avoidance of physical  
pain4 ,let him think of worlds  on      
worlds teeming with life1 yet all       
surrendered to the wheels of a  blind   
and inexorable nature crushing on       
eternally with her mindless             
laws1--revolving in her slow but        
endlessly-recurring cycles1--making     
every seeming advance but the forerunner
 of the direst catastrophes  of         
ruin1--or else in an apparent endless   
progression ever sacrificing  individual
 parts and individual personalities to  
soulless wholes1  yet furnishing to our 
philosophy no satisfactory ground on    
which to  decide the question1 whether  
the eternal drama in its most universal 
estimate is any more likely to be one of
 happiness than of intense and  hopeless
 misery4 ,let the atheist1 and the      
unbeliever who is on the  road to       
atheism1 fix his mind on thoughts like  
these until he begins  to have some     
conception of what it is to be without  

,god and without  hope in the world4    
,let him dwell on this sad orphanage1   
until in the  intolerable loneliness of 
his spirit he is driven for shelter to  
the  idea of a personal law-making1     
law-executing ,deity1 and is forced to  
admit that no doctrine of moral         
retribution1 however stern1 no creed1   
even of the most gloomy and fanatical   
religionist1 ever presented so  many    
difficulties as a rejection of those    
ideas on which all religion  is founded4
    ,again1 we need seasons of thought  
and thoughtfulness1 not only on  the    
ground that they are rational and       
demanded by the dignity of our  rational
 nature1 but because1 moreover1 they    
constitute the true  rest of the soul4  
,it is a gross and pernicious error that
 would  make the idea of rest1          
especially spiritual rest1 the same with
  that of indolence and passivity4 ,it  
is as false as it would be in  physics  
to confound rest with inertia4 ,the     
former is the opposite  of motion       

simply1 the latter the negation of      
strength and force4  ,rest is           
equilibrium1 a duality of               
forces2--indolence the loss of the      
soul's balance1 and the consequent      
prostration of its power4 ,rest  is     
refreshing2 renewing1 strengthening1    
recuperative2--indolence  the generator 
of a greater and still greater          
lassitude4 ,rest is a                   
positive1--indolence a negative state4  
,rest is resistance 7re-sto71  recovery1
 internal energy1--indolence a base and 
effeminate yielding1  ever followed by a
 loss of spiritual vitality4    ,it is  
in the light of such a contrast we see  
how very different a thing  is this true
 rest of the soul from that dissipation1
 or vacancy of all  thought1 with which 
some would confound it4 ,else it would  
not be held  out to us1 in the          
,scriptures1 as the peculiar bliss1 or  
blessedness1  of the heavenly world4    
,the idea this sweet and holy word      
presents to  the contemplative mind is1 

indeed1 the opposite of a busy1         
bustling1  restless progress1 the       
highest conception of which is an ever  
lasting  movement of the intellect      
adding fact to fact1 each as            
unsatisfactory  as the preceding1 and   
never bringing the soul nearer to any   
perfect  quietude2 but then1 on the     
other hand1 it is not the vacant        
passivity  of which the transcendental  
,buddhist dreams1 any more than the     
indolent  lassitude of the ,epicurean   
paradise4 ,it is a contemplative energy1
  finding repose in itself1 and deriving
 sustaining strength from its  calm     
upward gaze upon the highest and most   
invigorating truth4 ,in such  an upward 
rather than onward movement is found the
 proper end and  highest value of the   
,christian ,sabbath4        ,suave      
tempus consecratum          ,spiritus ad
 requiem4    ,it is the nature of this  
elevated communion to strengthen instead
 of  wearying the soul1 and hence to    
impart to it a new energy for the       

performance of the duties of life4      
,we would confidently test the truth of 
these positions by an appeal  to        
practical experience4 ,there is         
exhibited now and then1 a vast deal  of 
sentimental philanthropy in decrying    
what are called the religious  abuses of
 the ,sabbath4 ,it proceeds generally   
from those who would  confine themselves
 to the physical or purely secular view4
 ,great  stress is laid on mere bodily  
relaxation4 ,utter vacancy1 too1 of     
mind1  or what is worse1 mere           
pleasure-seeking is held forth as the   
source  of refreshment from past labors1
 and of recovered strength for those  to
 come4 ,the toil-worn mechanic is       
invited to the place of popular         
amusement1 or to convey himself and his 
family to some scene of rural           
enchantment and festivity4 ,we are      
pointed for appropriate examples to  the
 parks of ,london1 and the boulevards of
 ,paris4 ,the ,sabbath1 they  say1 is a 
noble institution2 but then there should

 be great care to  guard against the    
perversions of ,pharisaic or            
,puritanical bigotry4 ,it  may be well  
to give a part of the day to the        
services of religion2  but then1 the    
purest religion consists in admiring    
,god's works in the  natural world2 and 
the poor laborer who can take his wife  
and children  on a ride to              
,bloomingdale1 or indulges them with a  
walk in the ,elysian  ,fields1 is       
performing a more acceptable service    
than he who makes  the ,sabbath a       
weariness by confining himself to his   
own dwelling1 or  spending any          
considerable part of it within the still
 more gloomy walls  of some religious   
conventicle4    ,we would not impeach   
the motives or the philanthropy of those
 who talk  in this style4 ,doubtless    
they are sincere2 for there is certainly
  an extreme plausibility in such a view
 of the matter1 especially as  respects 
that class who have no other day of     
relaxation4 ,there are  parts of the    

picture1 too1 to which the sternest     
,sabbatarian would take  no objection1  
if in any way they could be practically 
separated from  the rest4 ,pure air is  
certainly favorable1 not only to the    
physical1  but to the moral health4 ,the
 observation of nature1 to say the      
least1  is not opposed to devotion1     
although it requires some previous      
devotion  to make that observation what 
it ought to be1 or to prevent its being 
consistent with the most profane and    
godless state of the mind and  heart4   
,where these can be enjoyed without     
danger of perverted example1  or other  
evils1 which1 in respect to our crowded 
city population are  almost inseparable 
from such indulgence1 he must be a bigot
 indeed who  would deny them to the     
poor1 or regard them as a desecration of
 the  ,sabbath4    ,but there is another
 side to this picture1 and other truths 
having a  bearing upon the argument1 in 
support of which we might let go all  a 
priori reasoning1 and appeal directly to

 facts of observation4 ,we  will not    
take an extreme case1 or rather1 what is
 well known to be  a common case with   
the ,sabbath haunters of ,hoboken and   
other rural  purlieus4 ,we will not take
 the intemperate1 the gambling1 or the  
debauched4 ,let two sober and           
industrious families be selected from   
the ranks of the laboring poor4 ,one man
 devotes the day to pleasant  rural     
excursions with his wife and children4  
,we would not pass upon  him a          
sanctimonious censure1 although we might
 doubt the philosophy as  well as the   
piety of his course4 ,he has abstained  
from intoxicating  drinks1 from the     
lower sensual indulgences1 from profane 
and vicious  company4 ,but he has sought
 simply relaxation for the body1 and the
  negative pleasure of vacancy or of    
passive musing for the mind4 ,the  other
 pater-familias would1 indeed1 desire   
pure air for himself and  little ones1  
purer air than can be obtained in the   
confined and  populous street1 and under

 other circumstances he would1          
doubtless1  freely indulge in such a    
luxury2 but then he knows there is a    
higher  atmosphere still--a spiritual   
atmosphere--and that this1 above all    
others1 is the day in which he is to    
breathe its purity1 and inhale  a new   
inspiration from its invigorating life4 
,he kneels with his  children around the
 morning household altar--he goes with  
them to  the ,sabbath-school and to     
church--the remainder of the day is     
spent  in devotion or meditation--and   
the evening1 perhaps1 is given to the   
social prayer-meeting4 ,oh1 the gloomy  
drudgery6 some would be ready to        
exclaim4 ,we would not deny that there  
might be excess even here2 but  can we  
hesitate in deciding which of these two 
families will proceed  to their weekly  
toil on ,monday morning with more       
invigoration of  spirit--ay1 and of     
body1 too1 derived from the soul's      
refreshment8 ,to  which has the day been
 the truest ,sabbath1 the most real     

test8 ,in  deciding this question1 we   
need only advert to our former analysis4
  ,there has been1 in the one case1 an  
utter mistaking of the true idea  of    
rest4 ,experience has shown1 and ever   
will show1 that all mere                
pleasure-seeking1 for its own sake1 all 
vacancy or passivity of soul1  ever     
exhausts1 ever dissipates1 and1 in the  
end1 renders both mind and  body less   
fitted for the rugged duties of life    
than continued labor  itself4 ,in the   
train of these evils come also satiety1 
disappointment1  a sense of personal    
degradation that no philosophy can      
wholly separate  from idle enjoyment2   
and all these combined produce that     
aversion to  regular labor1 which is so 
often to be observed as the result of an
  ill-spent ,sabbath4 ,the body1 it is  
true1 belonging as it does wholly to    
the world of material nature1 needs the 
repose of passivity2 but the  spirit can
 never indulge itself long in conscious 
indolence without  risking the loss of  

spiritual power as well as moral        
dignity4 ,its true  rest--we can not too
 often repeat it--is not the rest of    
inertia1  but that which comes from an  
intercommuning with a higher world of   
thought and a higher sphere of spiritual
 life4 ,this it finds in those  great   
truths ,christianity has brought down to
 us1 and by the weekly  exhibition of   
which1 more than any thing else1 our    
modern world is  distinguished from the 
ancient4    ,the picture we have        
presented of the ,sabbath-keeping       
laborer is no rare  or fancy sketch4    
,the socialist1 indeed1 ignores his     
existence4 ,such  writers as ,fourier1  
and ,prudhom1 and ,louis ,blanc1 and    
,victor ,hugo1 and  ,martineau1 know    
nothing about him4 ,they see1 and are   
determined to see1  in the condition of 
the poor only a physical degradation1   
from which  their own earthy and        
earthly-minded philosophy can alone     
relieve him4  ,nothing is more wholly   
inconceivable to a philanthropist of    

this class  than what ,chalmers styles  
the charm of intercourse with the lowly 
pious1 or the moral sublime of that     
character--the ,christian poor  man4    
,and yet it is neither rare nor strange4
 ,we make bold to affirm  that it may be
 realized in almost every church in our 
city4    ,in this thought1 too1 do we   
find the surest test of all true social 
reforms4 ,a dislike of the ,sabbath1 and
 especially of its religious            
observance1 is an indication of their   
character that can not be  mistaken4 ,it
 is the ,ithuriel's spear to detect     
every species of  spurious philanthropy4
 ,we would not impeach the benevolent   
sincerity  of these warm advocates of   
socialism4 ,we would commend their zeal 
to  the imitation of our ,christian     
churches4 ,but still it is for us a     
sufficient objection to the phalanx and 
the social commune that they  know no   
,sabbath4 ,periods of festivity and     
relaxation they acknowledge1  but no    
fixed days of holy spiritual rest1 of   

serious thought1 of  soul-expanding and 
soul-invigorating meditation on the     
great things of  another life4 ,radical 
as they boast to be1 they present no    
recognition  of that most radical truth1
 the ground of all real reforms1 and so 
full  of encouragement to the real      
reformer1 that physical depression can  
not  possibly continue for any length of
 time where there has been a true       
spiritual elevation--or1 in other words1
 that this world can only be  lifted    
from its sunken1 miry social degradation
 by keeping strong and  firmly fastened 
every chain that binds it to the world  
above4    ,to these ends it is not      
enough that each one should determine   
for  himself the portion and proportion 
of his own ,sabbatical times4 ,six  days
 shalt thou labor2 but the seventh is   
the ,sabbath of the ,lord4  ,we urge it 
not as ,scriptural proof--which would be
 contrary to the  leading design and    
method of our argument--but as          
illustrative of the  importance of one  

recurring period for all1 and of the    
benefits to be  derived from a community
 of act and feeling in its observance4  
,we need  all the strength that can come
 from a common prejudice1 if any should 
choose so to call it1 in favor of       
certain stated and well-known times4    
,in distinction from the profanity that 
would utterly deny a ,sabbath1  there is
 a false hyper-spiritualism that would  
make all seasons1 all  places1 and all  
acts1 alike holy--or1 in its sentimental
 cant1 every  day a ,sabbath1 every work
 a worship1 and every feeling a prayer4 
,now1  besides destroying the radical   
sense of the word holy1 this is in      
opposition alike to ,scripture and to   
human experience4 ,both teach  us that  
there must be 7at least in our present  
state7 alternations  of the holy and the
 common1 the spiritual and the worldly1 
and that  each interest is periled1 as  
well by their false fusion1 as by that  
destruction of the true analogy which   
would cause the one to be out  of all   

proportion to the other4 ,a stated      
period1 too1 is required to  give       
intensity to thought and warmth to      
devotion4 ,the greatest pleasure  of a  
truly devout mind1 is in the idea of    
contemporary communion with  others1 and
 nothing is more repugnant to it than a 
proud reliance upon  its own individual 
spirituality4    ,to give the day1 then1
 all its rightful power over the soul1  
there  is needed that hallowed character
 which can only come from what may  be  
called a sacred conventionality4 ,every 
one who has been brought  up in a       
religious community must feel the force 
of this1 even if he  does not understand
 its philosophy4 ,in consequence of it1 
the ,sabbath  seems to differ1          
physically1 as well as morally1 from all
 other days4  ,in its deep religiousness
 every thing puts on a changed          
appearance4  ,nature reposes in the     
embrace of a heavenly quietude4 ,there  
seems to  be a different air1 a         
different sky2 the clouds are more      

serene2 the  sun shines with a more     
placid glory4 ,there is a holiness in   
the trees1  in the waters1 in the       
everlasting hills1 such as the mind     
associates  with no other period4       
,thousands have felt it1 but never was  
it better  described than in the lines  
of ,leyden3        ,with silent awe ,i  
hail the sacred morn1      ,that        
scarcely wakes while all the fields are 
still2      ,a soothing calm on every   
breeze is borne1      ,a graver murmur  
echoes from the hill1      ,and softer  
sings the linnet from the thorn1        
,the sky-lark warbles in a tone less    
shrill--      ,hail light serene6 hail  
sacred ,sabbath morn6    ,or in those   
verses of ,graham1 which1 if an         
imitation1 are certainly an             
improvement--especially in the moral    
conception which forms the close  of his
 entrancing picture3        ,calmness   
seems throned on yon unmoving cloud1    
,the black-bird's note comes mellower   
from the dale2      ,and sweeter from   

the sky the gladsome lark      ,warbles 
his heaven-tuned song2 the lulling brook
      ,murmurs more gently down the     
deep-sunk glen2      ,while from yon    
lowly roof whose curling smoke          
,o'ermounts the mist1 is heard at       
intervals      ,the voice of psalms1 the
 simple song of praise4                 
,editor's ,easy ,chair4    ,,an ,,old   
,,gentleman',s ,,letter4    ,,the       
,,story ,,of ,,the ,,bride ,,of         
,,landeck4      ,the small town of      
,landeck1 in the ,vorarlberg1 is        
surrounded by  mountains1 which take    
exceedingly picturesque forms from their
 peculiar  geological structure4 ,i can 
not stop in my tale to enter into any   
details regarding the geology of the    
country2 but ,i remember once  talking  
to ,buckland about it1 when ,i met him  
with ,professor ,sedgwick  at the       
,english ,cambridge1 some two or        
three-and-twenty years ago4  ,poor      
,buckland has1 ,i hear1 since fallen    
into indifferent health2 but  at the    

period ,i speak of he was full of life  
and energy1 and one of  the most        
entertaining men ,i ever met4 ,our      
acquaintance was of no long  duration2  
for ,i was hurrying through that part of
 the world with great  rapidity1 and had
 hardly time to accomplish all that ,i  
proposed4 ,i  saw a great deal of him1  
however1 and heard a great deal of him  
then1  and once afterward2 and there was
 a certain sort of enthusiastic         
simplicity about him1 not uncommon in   
men of science1 which made  him the     
subject of many good stories1 whether   
true or false ,i will  not pretend to   
say4 ,his fondness for every thing      
connected with the  subject of ,natural 
history amounted to a complete passion2 
and he was  not at all scrupulous1 they 
said1 as to whom it was exercised upon4 
,i  heard a laughable anecdote          
illustrative of this propensity4 ,there 
had  been1 shortly before1 a great      
meeting at ,oxford of scientific men1   
and of those fashionable hangers-on upon

 the skirts of science1 who  feeling    
themselves but so many units in the mass
 of the beau monde1  seek to gain a     
little extrinsic brilliancy from stars  
and comets1  strata1 atoms1 and         
machinery4 ,buckland asked a good number
 of the most  distinguished of all      
classes to dine with him on one of the  
days of  this scientific fair4 ,during  
the morning he delivered a lecture in   
his  lecture-room before all his friends
 upon ,comparative ,anatomy--showed  the
 relation between existing and extinct  
species of animals--exhibited  several  
very perfect specimens of fossil        
saurians--dissected a  very fine        
alligator sent to him from the          
,mississippi--washed his  hands--walked 
his friends about ,oxford1 and went home
 to dinner4 ,his  house and all his     
establishment were in good style and    
taste4 ,his  guests congregated2 the    
dinner table looked splendid1 with      
glass1  china1 and plate1 and the meal  
commenced with excellent soup4    ,how  

do you like that soup8 asked the        
,doctor1 after having finished  his own 
plate1 addressing a famous gourmand of  
the day4    ,very good1 indeed1 answered
 the other2 ,turtle1 is it not8 ,i only 
ask because ,i did not find any green   
fat4    ,the ,doctor shook his head4    
,i think it has somewhat of a musky     
taste1 said another2 not  unpleasant1   
but peculiar4    ,all alligators have1  
replied ,buckland4 ,the ,cayman         
peculiarly so4  ,the fellow whom ,i     
dissected this morning1 and whom you    
have just been  eating--    ,there was a
 general rout of the whole guests4      
,every one turned pale4  ,half-a-dozen  
started up from table4 ,two or three ran
 out of the room  and vomited2 and only 
those who had stout stomachs remained to
 the  close of an excellent             
entertainment4    ,see what imagination 
is1 said ,buckland4 ,if ,i had told them
 it was  turtle1 or terrapin1 or        
birds'-nest soup--salt water amphibia or
 fresh1  or the gluten of a fish from   

the maw of a sea bird1 they would have  
pronounced it excellent1 and their      
digestion been none the worse4 ,such  is
 prejudice4    ,but was it really an    
alligator8 asked a lady4    ,as good a  
calf's head as ever wore a coronet1     
answered ,buckland4    ,the worthy      
,doctor1 however1 was sometimes the     
object1 as well as the  practicer of    
jokes and hoaxes4 ,i remember hearing   
him make a long  descriptive speech     
regarding some curious ancient remains  
which had  been displayed to him by ,mr4
 ,b----1 who was neither more nor less  
than  a notorious charlatan4 ,they      
consisted in conical excavations1 at the
  bottom of which were found various    
nondescript implements1 which passed    
with the worthy ,doctor as curious      
relics of an almost primval age4 ,one   
third of the room at least was in a     
laugh during the whole time2 for  the   
tricks of the impostor who had deceived 
the professor--very similar  to those of
 ,doctor ,dousterswivel--had been       

completely exposed about a  year before 
at ,lewis1 in ,sussex2 and witty        
,barham1 the well-known ,tom            
,ingoldsby1 handed about the room some  
satirical verses struck off upon  the   
occasion4 ,indeed1 though eminent as a  
geologist and palontologist1  ,buckland 
went out of his depth when he dabbled in
 antiquarian science4  ,but with a      
weakness common to many ,englishmen of  
letters1 he aimed  greatly at           
universality2 and in the same day ,i    
have heard him deliver a  long          
disquisition upon the piercing of stone 
walls by a peculiar sort  of snail1 and 
a regular oration upon the spontaneous  
combustion of  pigeons' dung4    ,the   
celebrated ,whewell1 whom ,i met at the 
same time1 was another who  aimed at    
universal knowledge1 but with better    
success4 ,there was no  subject could be
 started which he was not prepared to   
discuss on the  instant1 and ,i heard of
 an attempt made to puzzle him1 which   
recoiled  with a severe rap upon the    

perpetrators thereof4 ,four young but   
somewhat distinguished men determined to
 put ,whewell's readiness at  all points
 to the test the first time they should 
meet him together1  by starting some    
subject agreed upon between them1 the   
most unlikely  for a clergyman and a    
mathematician to have studied4 ,the     
subject  selected1 after much           
deliberation1 was ,chinese musical      
instruments4 ,the  last edition of the  
,encyclopdia ,britannica was obtained1  
and studied  diligently2 and then       
,whewell was invited to dinner4 ,music1 
musical  instruments1 ,chinese musical  
instruments1 were soon under discussion4
  ,whewell was perfectly prepared1      
entered into all the most minute        
details1 and gave the most finished     
description of every instrument1  from a
 ,mandarin gong to a one-stringed lute4 
,at length1 however1 the  young men     
thought they had caught him at fault4   
,he differed from the  ,encyclopdia1 and
 the statements of that great work were 

immediately  thrown in his teeth4    ,i 
know that it is so put down1 answered   
,whewell1 quietly2 but it  will be      
altered in the next edition4 ,when ,i   
wrote that article1 ,i was  not         
sufficiently informed upon the          
instrument in question4    ,english     
,universities are often very severely   
handled by would-be  reformers4 ,but one
 thing is perfectly certain1 whatever   
may be the  faults in their             
constitution1 they have produced1 and do
 still produce1  men of deeper1 more    
extensive1 and more varied information  
than any  similar institutions in the   
world4 ,too much license1 indeed1 is    
sometimes allowed to the young men1 and 
sometimes1 especially in former  ages1  
this has produced very sad and fatal    
results4 ,at a small supper  party1 to  
which ,i was invited at ,st4 ,john's    
,college1 during my visit to            
,cambridge1 a little story of ,college  
life in former times was related1  which
 made a deep impression upon me4    ,two

 young men1 the narrator said1          
matriculated in the same year at  one of
 the colleges--,i think it was at ,st4  
,john's itself2 but am not  quite sure4 
,the one was a somewhat fiery1          
passionate youth1 of the  name of       
,elliot3 the other grave1 and somewhat  
stern2 but frank1 and no  way sullen4   
,his name was ,bailey4 ,as so frequently
 happens with men of  very dissimilar   
character1 a great intimacy sprang up   
between them4  ,they were sworn friends 
and companions2 and during the long     
vacation  of the second year1 ,bailey   
spent a great portion of his time at the
  house of ,elliot's mother4 ,in those  
days1 before liberal notions began  to  
prevail1 this was considered as an      
honor2 for ,bailey was a man of         
aristocratic birth1 and ,elliot a       
plebeian4 ,there was a great attraction 
in the house1 however2 for besides his  
mother1 a sickly and infirm  woman1     
,elliot's family comprised a sister1 the
 cynosure of neighboring  eyes4         

,after their return to ,college1 in one 
of their drinking bouts1 then  but too  
common1 a quarrel took place among a    
number of the ,college  youths3 the     
officers of the ,university interfered1 
and one of them  received a dangerous   
blow from ,bailey1 which put his life in
 jeopardy4  ,it was judged necessary for
 him to fly immediately1 and at the     
entreaty  of his friend he sought an    
asylum in the house of ,elliot's mother4
  ,after the lapse of several days1 the 
wounded officer of the ,college  was    
pronounced out of danger1 and ,elliot   
set out to inform his friend  of the    
good tidings4 ,precaution1 however1 was 
still necessary1 as  the college        
officers were still in pursuit2 and he  
went alone1 and  on horseback1 by night1
 with pistols at his saddle bow1 as was 
then  customary4 ,the distance he had to
 ride was some two-and-thirty miles  and
 he arrived about midnight4    ,like all
 young men of his temperament1 ,elliot  
was fond of dreaming  dreams4 ,he had   

remarked the admiration of his friend   
for his sister1  to whom he was         
devotedly attached1 and her evident love
 for him1 and  he had built up a little 
castle in the air in regard to their    
union1  and her elevation to station and
 fortune4 ,as he approached the house1  
no windows showed a light but those of  
his sister's room1 and putting  the     
horse in the stable himself1 he took the
 pistols from the holsters1  approached 
the house1 and quietly opened the door4 
,a great oak  staircase1 leading from   
the hall to the rooms above1 was        
immediately  within sight with the top  
landing1 on the right of which lay his  
mother's chamber1 and on the left that  
of his sister4 ,the young man's  first  
and natural impulse was to look up2 but 
what was his surprise1  indignation1 and
 horror1 when he beheld the door of his 
sister's room  quietly open1 and the    
figure of ,bailey glide out upon the    
landing4 ,for  a moment there was a     
terrible struggle within him2 but he    

restrained  himself1 and in as calm a   
tone as he could assume1 said1 ,come    
down--,i  want to speak with you4       
,without the slightest hesitation or    
embarrassment1 ,bailey came down1  and  
followed him out into an avenue of trees
 which led up to the house4  ,the only  
question he asked was--,is the man dead8
    ,come on1 and ,i will tell you1     
answered the other2 and when they had   
got some hundred yards from the house1  
he suddenly turned1 and struck  ,bailey 
a violent blow on the face1 exclaiming1 
,villain and scoundrel6  give me instant
 satisfaction for what you have done    
this night4 ,there's  a pistol4--,no    
words2 for by ---- either you or ,i do  
not quit this  ground alive6    ,bailey 
attempted to speak2 but the other would 
not hear him1 and struck  him again with
 the butt end of the pistol4 ,the young 
man's blood was  roused4 ,he snatched   
the weapon from his hand1 and retired a 
few paces  into the full moonlight4     
,elliot gave the words1 ,one1 two1      

three1 and  the two pistols were fired  
almost at the same moment4    ,the next 
morning1 at an early hour1 ,mrs4        
,elliot1 now very ill1 said to  her     
daughter1 who had been watching by her  
bedside all night1 ,i wish1  my dear    
child1 you would send some one to ,mr4  
,bailey1 to say ,i desire  to speak with
 him4 ,after what passed between us     
three the day before  yesterday1 ,i am  
sure he will willingly relieve a        
mother's anxiety1 and  let me see you   
united to him before ,i die4 ,it must be
 very speedy1  ,emma2 for my hours are  
drawing to a close1 and ,i fear can not 
even be  protracted till your dear      
brother can be sent for4    ,emma       
,elliot gazed at her mother for a moment
 with tearful eyes1 and  then answered1 
as calmly as she could1 ,i can call him 
myself1 mamma4  ,he sleeps in my old    
room now1 since the wind blew down the  
chimney of  that he had formerly4       
,no1 send one of the servants1 said her 
mother2 and in a few minutes  after1    

,mr4 ,bailey was in the room4 ,he was a 
man of a kind heart1 and  generous      
feelings1 and but the slightest shade of
 hesitation in the  world was visible in
 the consent he gave to an immediate    
union with  ,emma ,elliot2 but both she 
and her mother remarked that he was     
deadly  pale4    ,the laws of ,england  
were not so strict in those times as    
they are  now in regard to marriage4    
,the clergyman's house was not more than
 a  stone's throw from the dwelling1 and
 the priest was instantly summoned  and 
came4    ,it is strange1 he said4 ,mr4  
,bailey1 just before the ceremony4 ,as  
,i  walked up the avenue1 ,i saw a great
 pool of blood4    ,nothing else8 asked 
,mr4 ,bailey1 with a strange and        
bewildered look4    ,there were poachers
 out last night1 said the old           
housekeeper1 who had  been brought into 
the room as one of the witnesses2 for ,i
 heard two  shots very close to the     
house4    ,never was a joyful ceremony  
more melancholy--in the presence of the 

dying--with the memory of the dead4     
,after it was over1 one little          
circumstance after another occurred to  
arouse fears and suspicions4 ,a         
strange1 hired horse was found in the   
stable4 ,then came the news from        
,cambridge that young ,elliot had set   
out the night before1 no one knew       
whither4 ,then two pistols were found in
 the grass by the side of the  avenue4  
,then drops of blood1 and staggering    
steps were traced across  the grass     
court to a small shrubbery which led to 
the back of the  house1 and there the   
dead body of the son and brother was    
found1 lying  on its face1 as if he had 
fallen forward in attempting to reach a 
door  in the rear of the building4      
,mrs4 ,elliot died that night1 without  
having heard of her son's fate4         
,investigations followed3 every inquiry 
was made2 and a coroner's jury  was     
summoned4 ,they returned what is called 
an open verdict1 and the  matter passed 
away from the minds of the general      

public4    ,but there was one who       
remembered it4 ,there was one upon whose
 mind  it wore and fretted like rust    
upon a keen sword blade4 ,his home  was 
bright and cheerful2 his wife was fond1 
faithful1 and lovely2  beautiful        
children grew up around his path like   
flowers2 riches were  his1 and worldly  
honors fell thick upon him2 but day by  
day he grew  sterner and more sad2 day  
by day the cloud and the shadow         
encompassed  him more densely4 ,of his  
children he was passionately fond2 and  
his  wife--oh1 how terribly he loved    
her6 ,happy for him1 she was not like   
many women--like too many--whom         
affection spoils1 whom tenderness       
hardens1 who learn to exact in          
proportion to that which is given1 and  
who1 when the utmost is done1 still1    
like the horse-leeches' daughter1  cry  
'more1 more6' ,he adored1 he idolized   
her4 ,her lightest wish1 her  idlest    
fancy--her caprices1 if she had         
any--were all gratified as soon  as they

 were formed4 ,opposition to her will   
seemed to him an offense1  and          
disobedience to her lightest command by 
any of her household1 was  immediately  
checked or punished4 ,was he making     
retribution8--,was he  trying to        
atone8--,was he seeking to compensate   
for a great injury8 ,god  only knows4   
,but happy1 happy for him that ,emma    
,bailey was not like  other women2 that 
spoiling could not spoil her3 that      
indulgence had no  debasing effect4     
,still he grew more sad4 ,it might be   
that every time he held her to  his     
heart1 he remembered that he had slain  
her brother4 ,it might be1  that when   
she gazed into his eyes1 with looks of  
undiminished love and  confidence1 he   
felt that there was a dark secret hidden
 beneath the  vail through which he     
fancied she saw him1 which1 could she   
have beheld  it1 would have turned all  
that passionate affection to bitterness 
and  hate4 ,it might be that he knew he 
was deceiving--the saddest1 darkest1    

most despairing consciousness that can  
overload the heart of man4    ,at       
length1 a time came1 when confidence--if
 ever confidence was to be  given upon  
this earth--was necessary upon his part4
 ,he was struck with  fever4 ,he had    
over-exerted himself in some works of   
humanity among  his poorer neighbors4   
,it was a sickly season4 ,god had given 
one of  those general warnings1 which he
 sometimes addresses to nations and to  
worlds--warnings1 trumpet-tongued2 but  
against which men close their  ears4 ,he
 fell sick--very sick4 ,the strength of 
the strong man was gone3  the stout     
heart beat feebly though quick3 the     
energies of the powerful  brain were at 
an end2 and wild fancies1 and chaotic   
memories reveled  in delirious pranks1  
where reason had once reigned supreme4  
,he spoke  strange words in his         
wanderings2 but ,emma sat by his bedside
 night and  day1 gazing upon his wan1   
pale face and glazed eye1 smoothing his 
hot  pillow1 holding his clammy hand1   

moistening his parched lip4 ,sometimes  
overpowered with weariness1 a moment's  
slumber blessed her away from  care2 and
 then1 when the critical sleep came1 how
 she watched1 and  wept1 and prayed6    
,he woke at length4 ,a nurse and        
physician were in the room2 and the     
first said he looked much better2 the   
second said he hoped the crisis  was    
past4 ,but the husband beckoned the wife
 to him1 and she kneeled  beside him1   
and threw her arms over him1 and leaned 
her head with its  balmy tresses upon   
his aching bosom4    ,i have something  
to tell you1 he said1 in a faint voice4 
,it will be  forth4 ,it has torn and    
rent me for many a year4 ,now1 that the 
presence  of ,god is near to me1 it must
 be spoken4 ,bring your ear nearer to   
me1  my ,emma4    ,she obeyed2 and he   
whispered to her earnestly for a few    
moments4 ,none  saw what passed upon her
 countenance2 for it was partly hidden  
on the  clothes of the bed1 partly      
concealed by her beautiful arm4 ,none   

heard  the words he uttered in that low1
 murmuring tone4 ,but suddenly1 his     
wife started up with a look of horror   
indescribable4 ,she had wedded  the     
slayer of her brother4 ,she had clasped 
the hand which had shed her  kindred    
blood4 ,she had loved1 and caressed1 and
 clasped with eager  passion the man who
 had destroyed the cradle-fellow of her 
youth--she  had borne him children6     
,one look of horror1 and one long1      
piercing shriek1 and she fell  senseless
 upon the floor at the bedside4 ,they   
took her up3 they  sprinkled water in   
her face2 they bathed her temple with   
essences2 and  gradually light came back
 into her eyes4 ,then they turned toward
 the  bed4 ,what was it they saw there8 
,he had seen the look4 ,he had heard the
  shriek4 ,he had beheld the last ray of
 hope depart4 ,the knell of earthly     
happiness had rung4 ,the gates of       
another world stood open1 near at  hand2
 and he had passed through to that place
 where all tears are wiped  from all    

eyes4 ,there was nothing but clay left  
behind4    ,such was one of the tales   
told across the ,college table2 and yet 
it  was not a very sad or solemn place2 
and many a lighter and a gayer  anecdote
 served to cheer up the heart after such
 sad pictures4 ,there  was a great deal 
of originality1 too1 at the table1 which
 amused1 if it  did not interest4 ,there
 was ,doctor ,w---- there1 who afterward
 became  headmaster of a celebrated     
public school1 and who was in reality a 
very  eccentric man always affecting a  
most commonplace exterior4 ,the most    
extraordinary1 however1 was ,mr4 ,r----1
 celebrated for occupying many  hours   
every morning in shaving himself1 an    
operation1 all the accidents  of which  
we generally1 in this country1 avoid by 
the precaution of  trusting it to       
others4 ,the process1 however1 of ,mr4  
,r---- who never  confided in a barber1 
was this4 ,he lathered and shaved one   
side of his  face3 then read a passage  
of ,thucydides4 ,then he lathered and   

shaved  the other side1 read another    
passage1 and then began again2 and so   
on ad infinitum1 or until somebody came 
in and dragged him out4 ,his  notions1  
however1 were more extraordinary even   
than his habits4 ,he used  to contend1  
and did that night1 that man having been
 created immortal1  and having only lost
 his immortality by the knowledge of    
good and  evil1 it was in reality only  
the fear engendered by that knowledge   
which caused him to decay1 or die4 ,in  
vain gray hairs1 a shriveled  skin1     
defaulting teeth1 warned him of the     
fragility of himself and his            
hypothesis3 he still maintained         
dogmatically1 that unless man were fool 
enough to be afraid1 there would be no  
occasion for him to die at all4  ,he    
actually carried his doctrine to the    
grave with him2 for during  another     
visit to ,cambridge1 many years after1  
,i heard the close of his  strange      
history4 ,feeling himself somewhat      
feeble1 he went1 several  years after ,i

 saw him1 to reside at ,richmond1 near  
,london1 where the  air is delicate4    
,there a chronic disease under which he 
had been  long laboring1 assumed a      
serious form2 and his friends and       
relations  persuaded him to send for a  
physician4 ,the physician giving no heed
 to  his notions regarding corporeal    
immortality1 prescribed for him sagely1 
but without effect4 ,the disease went on
 undiminished1 and it became  necessary 
to inform him that his life was drawing 
to an end4    ,fiddlestick's ends1 said 
,mr4 ,r----4 ,life has no end1 but in   
consequence of fear4 ,i am not the least
 afraid in the world2 and hang  me if ,i
 die1 in spite of you all4 ,give me my  
coat and hat1 ,john4 ,i will  go out and
 take a walk4    ,by no means1 cried the
 doctor4 ,you will only hasten the      
catastrophe1  my dear sir1 before any of
 your affairs are settled4    ,why1 sir1
 you have hardly been able to walk      
across the room for this  fortnight4    
,you will never get half way up the     

hill2 said his faithful  servant4       
,sir1 you are at this moment in a dying 
state1 said the provoked  doctor4    ,i 
will soon show you1 cried ,mr4 ,r----2  
and walking to the door in his  dressing
 gown1 without his hat1 down the stairs 
he went1 and out into  the busy streets 
of ,richmond4 ,for a hundred yards he   
tottered on2 but  then he fell upon the 
pavement1 and was carried into a        
pastry-cook's  store1 where he expired  
without uttering one word1 even in      
defense of  his favorite theory4    ,the
 small town of ,landeck1 in the         
,vorarlberg1 is surrounded by           
mountains1 which--    ,i am afraid they 
are too high for me to get over in the  
short space  which remains of this      
sheet1 though ,i have written as small  
as  possible1 in order to leave myself  
room to conclude the tale of the  ,bride
 of ,landeck4 ,i must therefore put it  
off until ,i can find time to  write you
 another epistle1 in which ,i trust to  
be able to conclude all  ,i have to say 

upon the subject2 and in the mean time1 
with many thanks  for your polite       
attention in printing these gossiping   
letters1 ,i must  beg you to believe me1
      ,your faithful servant1      ,p4  
,editor's ,drawer4      ,perhaps no two 
of the ,mysteries of ,science1 as they  
are sometimes  called1 excite more      
interest among all classes of           
curiosity-mongers1  than the ,balloon   
and the ,diving-bell4 ,they are the very
 antipodes  of each other1 and yet the  
interest felt in each partakes of a very
  kindred character4 ,to descend to the 
bottom of the sea1 where never  plummet 
sounded2 to sink quietly and solemnly   
down into the chambers  of the ,great   
,deep2 to see the sea-fan wave its      
delicate wings1 and  the coral groves1  
inhabited by the beautiful mer-men and  
maidens1 who  take their pastime        
therein2 to gloat over rich argosies1   
the treasures  of gold and silver1 that 
brighten the caverns of the deep2 to    
watch  the deep1 deep green waves of    

softened light that come shimmering  and
 trembling down the dense watery        
walls--these make up much of the        
,poetry of the ,diving-bell1 of which   
all imaginative people are  enamored1   
and which is not without a certain      
influence upon all sorts  and conditions
 of men4    ,on the other hand1 to rise 
suddenly above the earth2 to look down  
upon the gradually lessening crowds and 
vanishing cities beneath2  to glance    
over the tops of mountains upon the vast
 inland plains1  sprinkled with villages
 and towns2 to sail on and on1          
exhausting  horizon after horizon2 to   
look down upon even the clouds of       
heaven1  and thunder-storms and rainbows
 rolling and flashing beneath your      
feet1 and upon glimpses of the heaving  
bosom of the ,great and wide            
,sea--these1 again1 are the elements of 
the aeronaut1 that may well  be termed  
the ,poetry of ,ballooning4    ,but     
leaving the ,poetry of the ,diving-bell 
for another ,drawer1 let  us narrate an 

incident which we find in one of its    
compartments1 or1  rather1 the synopsis 
of an incident1 reduced from a more     
voluminous  account1 given at the time  
by a ,london writer of rare and varied  
accomplishments4 ,it may1 indeed1 be    
termed1 from the scanty materials       
preserved from the original record1 a   
,memory of ,ballooning4    ,mr4 ,green1 
the great ,london aeronaut1 who has     
ascended some hundred  and fifty times  
from ,vauxhall ,gardens1 ,london2 who   
has taken his  air-journeys at all times
 of the day and night2 who has sailed   
over a  continent with passengers in his
 frail bark1 when it was so dark1 that1 
according to the testimony of one of his
 fellow-voyagers1 it seemed  as though  
the balloon was making its noiseless way
 through a mass of  impenetrable black  
marble--this same ,mr4 ,green--to come  
back from our  long sentence--once gave 
out1 by hand-bills and the public       
prints1 that  on a certain afternoon in 
,july1 he would ascend from ,vauxhall   

,gardens1  ,london1 at four o'clock in  
the afternoon1 with a distinguished lady
 and  gentleman1 who had volunteered to 
accompany him on that occasion4    ,the 
day and the hour at length arrived4 ,the
 spacious inclosures of the  ,garden    
were crowded with an excited multitude1 
awaiting with the utmost  impatience for
 the tossing1 rolling globe to mount up 
and be lost in  the blue creation that  
spread out far above the giant city1    
pavilioned  by its clouds of smoke4 ,but
 the hour passed by1 and the            
distinguished  lady and gentleman came  
not4    ,it's an 'oax6 exclaimed        
hundreds1 simultaneously among the      
crowd3  ,there isn't no sich persons4   
,mr4 ,green assured them of his good    
faith2 read the letter that he had      
received from the parties1 and his      
answer3 but still the madness of  the   
people increased1 and still the         
distinguished lady and gentleman  came  
not4 ,matters were growing more and more
 serious1 and a row  seemed inevitable4 

,at this crisis of affairs1 a           
solemn-visaged man1 dressed in black1   
with  a white neckcloth1 stepped forth  
from the dense crowd1 to the edge of    
the boundary which inclosed the balloon1
 and beckoning to ,mr4 ,green1  said1 in
 a very modest manner1 and in a low     
tone3    ,i will go with you1 sir1 with 
pleasure2 ,i should be glad to go4 ,i   
wish to escape1 for a while1 at least1  
from this infernal noisy town4    ,the  
aeronaut was only too glad to accept the
 proposition1 as some sort  of salvo to 
his disappointed auditory1 whose        
denunciatory vociferations  were        
increasing every moment4    ,mr4 ,green1
 standing up in the car of his tossing  
and impatient  vessel1 now announced1   
that a gentleman present1 in the kindest
  manner1 had volunteered to make the   
ascent with him1 and that the           
monster-balloon would at once depart for
 the vague regions of the  upper air4   
,this announcement was hailed with      
acclamations by the assembled           

multitudes2 and giving some necessary   
orders to his assistants1 who  had      
become fatigued with holding the        
groaning ropes that had until  now      
confined the monster to the earth1 the  
balloon was liberated1  and rose slowly 
and majestically over the vast crowd of 
spectators  and the wilderness of brick 
and mortar1 and towers and steeples1 and
  spacious parks1 that lay spread out   
below1 and gradually melted into  the   
celestial blue4    ,what followed is    
best represented by the partially       
remembered words  of the aeronaut       
himself1 as shadowed forth in the       
memorandum already  referred to4    ,as 
we rose above the metropolis1 and its   
mighty mass began to melt  into         
indistinctness1 my companion1 whose     
bearing and manner had  hitherto most   
favorably impressed me1 began to        
manifest symptoms of  great uneasiness4 
,as we were passing over ,hanwell1 dimly
 seen among  the extended suburbs of the
 great city1 his anxiety seemed to      

increase  in an extraordinary degree4   
,pointing1 with trembling finger1 in    
that  immediate direction1 he said3     
',can they see us from ,,there8 can they
 reach us in any way8 can  they         
telegraph us8--,,can they1 ,i say8'     
,surprised at the excitement1 and at the
 abrupt alarm of one who had  been so   
remarkably cool and self-possessed at   
starting1 ,i replied3    ',certainly    
not1 my dear sir2 we are half a mile    
from the earth1 at  least4'    ',ah1 ha6
 then ,i am safe6 they can't catch me   
now6 ,i escaped from  them only this    
morning6'    ,with a vague sense of some
 impending evil1 ,i asked3              
',escaped6--how6--from where8'    ',from
 the lunatic asylum6 ,they thought ,i   
was crazed1 and sent me there  to be    
confined4 ,crazed6 ,why1 there's not a  
man in ,london so sane as ,i  am1 and   
they knew it4 ,it was a trick1 sir--a   
trick6 ,a trick to get my  estate6 ,but 
,i'll be even with 'em6 ,i'll show 'em6 
,i'll thwart em6'    ,good ,heavens6 ,i 

was now a mile from the earth1 with a   
madman for my  companion6--in a frail   
vessel1 where the utmost caution and    
coolness  were necessary1 and where the 
least irregularity or carelessness would
  send us1 through the intervening space
 with the speed of thought1 to  lie1    
crushed and bleeding masses of          
unrecognizable humanity1 upon the       
earth4    ,but ,i had not long to think 
of even this apparently inevitable fate2
  for my companion had seized upon the  
sand-bags1 and1 one after another1  was 
throwing them over the side of the car4 
',hold6 rash man6' ,i exclaimed3 'what  
would you do8 ,you are endangering  both
 our lives6'    ,all this time the      
balloon was ascending with such         
rapidity1 that the  rush of the air     
through the net-work was like the wild  
whistling of the  wind in the cordage of
 a ship under bare poles1 in a gale at  
sea4    ',what do ,i do8' repeated the  
madman2 ',i am getting away6 ,i am going
  to the moon6--,i am going to the      

moon6--ha6 ha6 ,they can't catch us in  
the moon6'    ,he had exhausted nearly  
all the ballast except what was under or
  near me1 and we were rising at such an
 astounding speed that ,i  expected     
every moment that the balloon would     
burst from the increasing  expansion1   
when ,i observed him loosening his      
garments and taking off  his coat4      
',it's two hundred thousand miles now to
 the moon6' said he1 'and we  must throw
 over some more ballast or we shan't be 
home till morning4'    ,so saying he    
tore off his coat and threw it          
over--next his  waistcoat--and was      
fumbling at his pantaloons1 evidently   
for a similar  purpose4 ,but a new      
thought seemed to strike him3    ',two  
are too many for this little balloon1'  
he said2 'she's going  too slow6 ,we    
shall not reach the moon before morning 
at this rate4  ,get out of this6'    ,i 
was wholly unnerved4 ,i could have      
calmed the fears1 or reasoned down  the 
apprehensions of a reasonable companion2

 but my present compagnon  du voyage    
'lacked discourse of reason' as much as 
the brute that  perisheth1 and          
remonstrance was of no avail4    ',,get 
,,out ,,of ,,this6' he repeated1 in     
tones strangely piercing1 in the  hush  
of the upper air2 and thereupon ,i felt 
myself seized by a grasp1  so often     
superhumanly powerful in madmen1 and    
found myself suddenly  poised over the  
side of the tilting car1 and heard the  
hum of the  tortured gas in its silken  
prison above us3    ',good-night6' said 
the infuriated wretch2 'you'll hear from
 me by  telegraph from the moon6 ,they  
can't catch me now6 ,ha6 ha6--not now6  
not now6'    ,it was but a dream of an  
aeronaut1 reader1 after all1 on the     
night  before his ascension2 and this   
sketch is but a dream of that dream2    
for it is from memory1 and not from the 
record4           99       99       99  
99       99    ,as the fall rains may be
 expected1 as the almanacs predict1     
about  these days of autumn1 we put on  

early record1 for the next month1  the  
fact1 that umbrellas are not protected  
by the laws of the ,united  ,states4    
,they are not property1 save that of the
 man of whom you buy  them4 ,they       
constitute an article which1 by the     
morality of society1  you may steal from
 friend or foe1 and which1 for the same 
reason1 you  should not lend to either4 
,the coolest thing--the most doubly-iced
  impudence--we ever heard of1 was in   
the case of a man who borrowed a  new   
silk umbrella of a town-neighbor1 which1
 as a matter of course1  he forgot to   
return4 ,one morning1 in a heavy rain1  
he called on his  neighbor for it4 ,he  
found him on the steps1 going out with  
the borrowed  umbrella4 ,he met him with
 that peculiar smile that one man gives 
another who suddenly claims his umbrella
 on a wet day1 and said3    ,where are  
you going1 ,mr4 ,b----8    ,i came for  
my umbrella1 was the brief reply4       
,but don't you see ,i am going out with 
it at this moment8 ,it's a very  nasty  

morning4    ,going out with my umbrella6
 ,what am ,i to do1 ,i should like to   
know8    ,do8--do as ,i did--borrow one6
 said the borrower1 as he walked  away1 
leaving the lender well-nigh paralyzed  
at the great height of his  neighbor's  
impudence4    ,a church is the place1 of
 a rainy ,sunday1 where many indifferent
 and  valuable exchanges are made1 in   
the article of umbrellas4 ,perhaps  many
 of our readers will remember the remark
 made at the close of  morning service1 
on a drizzly ,sabbath1 by a pious       
brother3    ,my friends1 there was taken
 from this place of worship this morning
  a large black silk-umbrella1 nearly   
new2 and in place of it was left  a     
small blue cotton umbrella1 much        
tattered and worn1 and of a coarse      
texture4 ,the black silk umbrella was   
undoubtedly taken by mistake1 but  such 
mistakes are getting a leetle too       
common6#f    #f ,ollapodiana2           
,knickerbocker ,magazine4           99  
99       99       99       99    ,as we 

shall very soon have a new ,president   
coming into office for a  new           
four-year's lease of care and glory1 we 
venture to insinuate  what he may expect
 from the throngs of office-seekers by  
whom he will  be surrounded2 and we     
shall take but a single instance out of 
many  hundreds that might be offered4 ,a
 man writing from ,washington at the    
coming in of our last ,national ,chief  
,magistrate1 gave this graphic  sketch  
of a ,sucker office-seeker3    ,dickens 
might draw some laughable sketches1 or  
caricatures1 from the  live specimens of
 office-seekers now on hand here4 ,the  
new ,president  has just advised them   
all to go home and leave their papers   
behind  them2 and such a scattering you 
never saw6 ,one fellow came here  from  
,illinois1 and was introduced to a wag  
who1 he was told1 had  great influence  
at court1 and who1 although destitute of
 any such  pretensions1 kept up the     
delusion for the sake of the joke4 ,the 
,sucker addressed the man of influence  

something in this wise3    ,now1        
stranger1 look at them papers4 ,them    
names is the first in our  whole town4  
,there's ,deacon ,styles--there ain't no
 piouser man in all  the county2 and    
then there's ,rogers1 our shoemaker--he 
made them boots  ,i got on1 and a better
 pair never tramped over these diggins4 
,you  wouldn't think them soles had     
walked over more than three hundred     
miles  of ,hoosier mud1 but they hev    
though1 and are sound yet4 ,every body  
in  our town knows ,john ,rogers4 ,just 
you go to ,illinois1 and ax about me4   
,you'll find how ,i stand4 ,then you ask
 ,jim ,turner1 our constable--he  knows 
me2 ask him what ,i did for the party4  
,he'll tell you ,i was  a screamer at   
the polls--nothing else4 ,now1 ,i've    
come all the way  from ,illinois1 and   
a-foot too1 most of the way1 to see if  
,i can have  justice4 ,they even told me
 to take a town-office to--hum6 but ,i  
must  have something that pays          
aforehand--such as them 'char-gees1' as 

they  call 'em4 ,i hain't got only seven
 dollars left1 and ,i can't wait4 ,jist 
git me one o' them 'char-gees1' will ye8
 ,them'll do4 ,tell the old man  how it 
is2 he'll do it4 ,fact is1 he must6     
,i've airnt the office1  and no mistake6
    ,doubtless he had airnt it2 few     
persons who go to ,washington and  wait 
for an office1 but earn their office1   
whether they obtain it  or not4         
99       99       99       99       99  
,it is ,,horace ,,walpole1 in his       
egotistical but very amusing            
correspondence1 who narrates the        
following amusing anecdote3    ,i must  
add a curious story1 which ,i believe   
will surprise your  ,italian surgeons as
 much as it has amazed the faculty here4
 ,a sailor  who had broken his leg was  
advised to communicate his case to the  
,royal ,society4 ,the account he gave   
was1 that having fallen from the  top of
 the mast and fractured his leg1 he had 
dressed it with nothing  but tar and    
oakum1 and yet in three days was able to

 walk as well as  before the accident4  
,the story at first appeared quite      
incredible1 as  no such efficacious     
qualities were known in tar1 and still  
less in  oakum2 nor was a poor sailor to
 be credited on his own bare assertion  
of so wonderful a cure4 ,the society    
very reasonably demanded a fuller       
relation1 and1 ,i suppose1 the          
corroboration of evidence4 ,many doubted
  whether the leg had been really       
broken4 ,that part of the story had     
been amply verified4 ,still it was      
difficult to believe that the man  had  
made use of no other applications than  
tar and oakum2 and how  they should cure
 a broken leg in three days1 even if    
they could cure  it at all1 was a matter
 of the utmost wonder4 ,several letters 
passed  between the society and the     
patient1 who persevered in the most     
solemn  asseverations of having used no 
other remedies1 and it does appear      
beyond a doubt that the man speaks      
truth4 ,it is a little uncharitable1    

but ,i fear there are surgeons who might
 not like this abbreviation of          
attendance and expense2 but1 on the     
other hand1 you will be charmed  with   
the plain1 honest simplicity of the     
sailor4 ,in a postscript to his  last   
letter1 he added these words3    ,i     
forgot to tell your honors that the leg 
was a wooden one6           99       99 
99       99       99    ,there was great
 delicacy in the manner in which a      
foreigner1 having a  friend hung in this
 country1 broke the intelligence to his 
relations on  the other side of the     
water4 ,he wrote as follows3    ,your   
brother had been addressing a large     
meeting of citizens1 who had  manifested
 the deepest interest in him1 when the  
platform upon which he  stood1 being1 as
 was subsequently ascertained1 very     
insecure1 gave way1  owing to which1 he 
fell and broke his neck6           99   
99       99       99       99    ,if you
 will take a bank-note1 and while you   
are folding it up according  to         

direction1 peruse the following lines1  
you will arrive at their  meaning1 with 
no little admiration for the writer's   
cleverness3        ,i will tell you a   
plan for gaining wealth1        ,better 
than banking1 trading or leases2        
,take a bank-note and fold it up1       
,and then you will find your wealth     
in-creases4        ,this wonderful plan1
 without danger or loss1        ,keeps  
your cash in your hands1 and with       
nothing to trouble it1      ,and every  
time that you fold it across1           
',tis plain as the light of the day that
 you double it4           99       99   
99       99       99    ,if your        
,editor's ,drawer1 writes a             
correspondent1 is not already full1  you
 may think the inclosed1 although an old
 story1 worthy of being  squeezed in4   
,soon after the close of the ,american  
,revolution1 a deputation of  ,indian   
chiefs having some business to transact 
with the ,governor1 were  invited to    
dine with some of the officials in      

,philadelphia4 ,during  the repast1 the 
eyes of a young chief were attracted to 
a castor of  mustard1 having in it a    
spoon ready for use4 ,tempted by its    
bright  color1 he gently drew it toward 
him1 and soon had a brimming spoonful   
in his mouth4 ,instantly detecting his  
mistake1 he nevertheless had the        
fortitude to swallow it1 although it    
forced the tears from his eyes4    ,a   
chief opposite1 at the table1 who had   
observed the consequence1 but  not the  
cause1 asked him ',what he was crying   
for8' ,he replied that he  was 'thinking
 of his father1 who was killed in       
battle4' ,soon after1 the  questioner   
himself1 prompted by curiosity1 made the
 same experiment1  with the same result1
 and in turn was asked by the younger   
,sachem ',what  he was crying for8'     
',because you were not killed when your 
father  was1' was the prompt reply4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,old ,matthews1 the most comic of all   
modern comic raconteurs1 when in  this  

country used to relate the following    
illustration of the manner in  which the
 cool assumption of a flunkey was       
rebuked by an eccentric  ,english       
original1 one ,lord ,,eardley1 whose    
especial antipathy was1 to  have his    
servants of the class called fine       
gentlemen3    ,during breakfast one day1
 ,lord ,eardley was informed that a     
person  had applied for a footman's     
place1 then vacant4 ,he was ordered into
  the room1 and a double refined        
specimen of the genus so detested by    
his lordship made his appearance4 ,the  
manner of the man was extremely         
affected and consequential1 and it was  
evident that my lord understood  him at 
a glance2 moreover1 it was as evident he
 determined to lower him  a little4     
',well1 my good fellow1' said he1 'you  
want a lackey's place1 do you8'    ',i  
came about an upper footman's situation1
 my lord1' said the  gentleman1 bridling
 up his head4    ',oh1 do ye1 do ye8'   
replied ,lord ,eardley2 ',i keep no     

upper servants2  all alike1 all alike   
here4'    ',indeed1 my lord6' exclaimed 
this upper footman1 with an air of      
shocked dignity4 ',what department then 
am ,i to consider myself  expected to   
fill8'    ',department6 department6'    
quoth my lord1 in a tone like inquiry4  
',in what capacity1 my lord8'    ,my    
lord repeated the word capacity1 as if  
not understanding its  application to   
the present subject4    ',i mean1 my    
lord1' explained the man1 'what shall ,i
 be expected to do1  if ,i take the     
situation8'    ',oh1 you mean if you    
take the place4 ,i understand you now1' 
rejoined  my lord2 'why1 you're to do   
every thing but sweep the chimneys and  
clean the pig-sties1 and those ,i do    
myself4'    ,the gentleman stared1      
scarcely knowing what to make of this1  
and  seemed to wish himself out of the  
room2 he1 however1 grinned a ghastly    
smile1 and1 after a short pause1        
inquired what salary his lordship  gave6
    ',salary1 salary8' reiterated his   

incorrigible lord ship1 'don't know  the
 word1 don't know the word1 my good     
man4'    ,again the gentleman explained2
 ',i mean what wages8'    ',oh1 wages1' 
echoed my lord2 'what d'ye ask8 what    
d'ye ask8'    ,trip regained his        
self-possession at this question1 which 
looked  like business1 and considering  
for a few moments1 answered--first      
stipulating to be found in hair-powder1 
and 7on state occasions7 silk           
stockings1 and gloves1 bags and         
bouquets--that he should expect thirty  
pounds a year4    ',how much1 how much8'
 demanded my lord rapidly4    ',thirty  
pounds1 my lord4'    ',thirty pounds6'  
exclaimed ,lord ,eardley1 in affected   
amazement2 'make  it guineas1 and ,i'll 
live with ,,you2' then ringing the bell1
 said to  the servant who answered it1  
',let out this gentleman1 he's too good 
for me2' and then turning to ,matthews1 
who was much amused1 said1 as  the man  
made his exit1 ',conceited1 impudent1   
scoundrel6 ,soon sent him  off1 soon    

sent him off1 ,master ,matthews4'       
99       99       99       99       99  
,as specimens of the retort courteous   
and the retort uncourteous1  observe the
 two which ensue3    ,two of the guests 
at a public dinner having got into an   
altercation1  one of them1 a blustering 
vulgarian1 vociferated3 ',sir1 you're no
  gentleman6' ',sir1' said his opponent1
 in a calm voice1 'you are no  judge6'  
99       99       99       99       99  
,,talleyrand1 being questioned on one   
occasion by a man who squinted  awfully1
 with several importunate questions1    
concerning his leg1  recently broken1   
replied3    ,it is quite crooked--as you
 see6           99       99       99    
99       99    ,if you have ever been a 
pic-nicking1 reader1 you will appreciate
 the  annoyances set forth in these     
lively lines by a modern poet4 ,we went 
on one of these excursions in ,august1  
not many years ago1 and while           
addressing some words that we intended  
should be very agreeable1 to  a charming

 young lady in black1 seated by our     
side1 on the bank of a  pleasant lake1  
in the upper region of the ,ramapo      
mountains1 a huge  garter-snake crept   
forth at our feet1 hissing at our       
intrusion upon his  domain6 ,how the    
young lady did scamper6--and how we did 
the same thing1  for that matter6 ,but  
we must not forget the lines we were    
speaking of3        ,half-starved with  
hunger1 parched with thirst1        ,all
 haste to spread the dishes1      ,when 
lo6 we find the soda burst1        ,amid
 the loaves and fishes2      ,over the  
pie1 a sudden sop1        ,the          
grasshoppers are skipping1      ,each   
roll's a sponge1 each loaf a mop1       
,and all the meat is dripping4          
,bristling with broken glass you find   
,some cakes among the bottles1          
,which those may eat1 who do not mind   
,excoriated throttles3      ,the        
biscuits now are wiped and dried1       
,when shrilly voices utter3      ,look6 
look6 a toad has got astride        ,our

 only plate of butter6        ,your     
solids in a liquid state1        ,your  
cooling liquids heated1      ,and every 
promised joy by ,fate        ,most      
fatally defeated3      ,all1 save the   
serving-men1 are soured1        ,they   
smirk1 the cunning sinners6             
,having1 before they came1 devoured     
,most comfortable dinners4        ,still
 you assume1 in very spite1        ,a   
grim and gloomy gladness2      ,pretend 
to laugh--affect delight--        ,and  
scorn all show of sadness      ,while   
thus you smile1 but storm within1       
,a storm without comes faster1      ,and
 down descends in deafening din         
,a deluge of disaster6        ,so1      
friend1 if you are sick of ,home1       
,wanting a new sensation1      ,and sigh
 for the unwonted ease        ,of       
un-accommodation2      ,if you would    
taste1 as amateur1        ,and vagabond 
beginner1      ,the painful pleasures of
 the poor1       ,get up a ,pic-,nic    
,dinner6           99       99       99 

99       99    ,there is a good deal of 
talk1 in these latter days1 about the   
article  of guano3 the right of         
discovery of the islands where it is    
obtained1  and the like4 ,we remember to
 have heard something about the         
discovery  and occupation of the first  
of these islands1 that of ,ichaboe1     
which  made us laugh consumedly2 and we 
have been thinking that a thorough      
exploration of the ,lobos islands might 
result in a similar discomfiture  to the
 grasping ,britishers4    ,it seems that
 a party of ,englishmen1 claiming to    
have discovered the  island of ,ichaboe1
 landed from a ,british vessel upon that
 rich coast1  and appreciating the great
 agricultural value of its minerals1    
walked  up toward the top of the heap1  
to crow on their own dung-hill1 and take
  possession of it in the name of ,her  
,majesty the ,queen1 with the usual     
form of breaking a bottle of ,madeira1  
and other the like observances4  ,while 
they were thus taking possession1       

however1 one of the party1  more        
adventurous than the rest1 made his way 
to the farther slope of a  higher       
eminence1 and saw1 to his utter         
discomfiture and consternation1  a      
,bangor schooner rocking in a little    
cove of the island1 a parcel  of        
,yankees digging into its sides1 and    
loading the vessel1 and a  weazen-faced 
man administering the temperance-pledge 
to a group of the  natives on a         
side-hill near by6    ,he went back to  
his party1 reported what he had seen1   
and the ceremony  of taking possession1 
in the name of ,her ,majesty1 of an     
uninhabited  island1 was very suddenly  
interrupted and altogether done away    
with4           99       99       99    
99       99    ,the readers of ,the     
,drawer1 who may have noticed the       
numerous signs  of ,ladies' ,schools    
which may be seen in the suburban       
streets  and thoroughfares of our       
,atlantic cities1 will find the         
following  experience of a ,frenchman in

 ,london not a little amusing3    ,sare1
 ,i shall tell you my impressions when  
,i am come first from  ,paris to        
,london4 ,de ,english ladies1 ,i say to 
myself1 must be de  most best educate   
women in de whole world4 ,dere is       
schools for dem  every wheres--in a hole
 and in a corner4 ,let me take some     
walks in  de ,fauxbourgs1 and what do ,i
 see all around myself8 ,when ,i look   
dis  way ,i see on a white house's front
 a large bord1 with some gilded         
letters1 which say1 ',seminary for      
,young ,ladies4' ,when ,i look dat way  
at a big red house1 ,i see anoder bord  
which say1 ',establishment for  ,young  
,ladies1' by ,miss ,someones4 ,and when 
,i look up at a little house1  at a     
little window1 over a barber-shop1 ,i   
read on a paper1 ',ladies'  ,school4'   
,den ,i see ',prospect ,house1' and     
',grove ,house1' and de ',manor         
,house1' so many ,i can not call dem    
names1 and also all schools for  de     
young females4 ,day-schools besides4    

,yes2 and in my walks always ,i  meet   
some schools of ,young ,ladies1 eight1  
nine1 ten times in one day1  making dere
 promenades1 two and two and two4 ,den  
,i come home to my  lodging's door1 and 
below de knocker ,i see one letter4 ,i  
open it1 and  ,i find ',prospectus of a 
,lady ,school4' ,by-and-by ,i say to my 
landlady1  ',where is your oldest of    
daughters1 which used to bring to me my 
breakfast8' and she tell me1 ',she is   
gone out a governess6' ,next she  notice
 me ,i must quit my apartement4 ',what  
for8' ,i say3 'what have ,i  dones8 ,do 
,i not pay you all right1 like a weekly 
man of honor8' ',o  certainly1          
,mounseer1' she say1 'you are a         
gentleman1 quite polite1 and  no        
mistakes1 but ,i wants my whole of my   
house to myselfs for to set  him up for 
a ,lady ,school6' ,noting but ,ladies'  
,schools--and de widow of  de butcher   
have one more over de street4 ',bless my
 soul and my body6'  ,i say to myself1  
'dere must be nobody borned in ,london  

except leetil  girls6'           99     
99       99       99       99    ,here  
is a very beautiful thought of that     
strange compound of ,scotch  shrewdness1
 strong common sense1 and ,german       
mysticism1 or un-common  sense--,thomas 
,carlyle3    ,when ,i gaze into the     
stars1 they look down upon me with pity 
from  their serene and silent spaces1   
like eyes glistening with tears over    
the little lot of man4 ,thousands of    
generations1 all as noisy as our  own1  
have been swallowed up of ,time1 and    
there remains no record of  them any    
more3 yet ,arcturus and ,orion1 ,sirius 
and the ,pleiades are  still shining in 
their courses1 clear and young1 as when 
the shepherd  first noted them in the   
plain of ,shinar6 ',what shadows we are1
 and what  shadows we pursue6'          
99       99       99       99       99  
,there is probably not another word in  
the ,english language that can  be worse
 twisted than that which composes the   
burden of the ensuing  lines3           

,,write we know is written right1       
,when we see it written write3      ,but
 when we see it written wright1      ,we
 know 'tis not then written right2      
,for write1 to have it written right1   
,must not be written right nor wright1  
,nor yet should it be written rite1     
,but ,,write--for so 'tis written right4
           99       99       99       99
       99    ,we commend the following  
to the scores of dashing spirited belles
  who have just returned disappointed   
from the ,springs1 ,newport1 and  other 
fashionable resorts4 ,the writer is     
describing a dashing female  character1 
whose mission she considered it to be1  
to take the world  and admiration by    
storm3    ,with all her blaze of        
notoriety1 did any body esteem her      
particularly8 ,was there any one man    
upon earth who on his pillow could  say1
 ',what a lovely angel is ,fanny        
,wilding6' ,had she ever refused an     
offer of marriage8 ,no2 for nobody ever 
had made her one4 ,she was like a  fine 

fire-work1 entertaining to look at1 but 
dangerous to come near to3  her bouncing
 and cracking in the open air gave a    
lustre to surrounding  objects1 but     
there was not a human being who could be
 tempted to take  the dangerous         
exhibition into his own house6 ,that was
 a thing not to  be thought of for a    
moment4           99       99       99  
99       99    ,in your ,magazine for   
,july1 writes a city correspondent1 ,i  
notice  in the ',editor's ,drawer1' an  
allusion to and quotation from ',the    
,execution of ,montrose1' the author of 
which you state is unknown  or not      
named4 ,you seem not to be aware that   
this is one of ,aytoun's  ,ballads1     
which1 with others1 was published in    
,london1 under the title  of ',lays of  
the ,cavaliers4' ,but why did you not   
give the most beautiful  verse3         
',he is coming6 ,he is coming6          
,like a bridegroom from his room1       
,came the hero from his prison1      ,to
 the scaffold and the doom4      ,there 

was glory on his forehead1      ,there  
was lustre in his eye1      ,and he     
never went to battle      ,more proudly 
than to die6'    ,i quote only from     
memory1 but the original has 'walked to 
battle'--is  not 'went' a better word8  
,the book is full of gems3 let me give  
you  one more1 which would make a fine  
subject for an artist4 ,it is from      
',edinburgh after ,flodden2' when       
,randolph ,murray returns from the      
battle1 to announce to the old burghers 
their sad defeat3        ',they knew so 
sad a messenger1      ,some ghastly news
 must bring2      ,and all of them were 
fathers1      ,and their sons were with 
the ,king4'           99       99       
99       99       99    ,how do you     
spell ,feladelfy8 asked a small city    
grocer of his partner  one day1 as he   
was sprinkling sand upon a letter which 
he was about to  dispatch to the ,city  
of ,brotherly ,love4    ,why1 ,fel-a1   
,fela1 del1 ,feladel1 fy--,feladelfy4   
,then ,i've got it right1 said the      

partner 7in ignorance as well as in     
business71 ,i thought ,i might have made
 a mistake6           99       99       
99       99       99    ,,dickens1 in a 
passage of his ,travels in ,italy1      
describes an  embarrassing position1 and
 a pursuit of knowledge under           
difficulties  that would have           
discouraged most learners3 ,there was a 
traveling party  on board our steamer1  
of whom one member was very ill in the  
cabin next  to mine1 and being ill was  
cross1 and therefore declined to give up
  the dictionary1 which he kept under   
his pillow2 thereby obliging his        
companions to come down to him          
constantly1 to ask what was the ,italian
  for a lump of sugar1 a glass of       
brandy-and-water1 'what's o'clock8' and 
so forth2 which he always insisted on   
looking out himself1 with his own       
sea-sick eyes1 declining to trust the   
book to any man alive4 ,ignorance  was  
scarcely 'bliss' in this case1 however  
much folly there might have  been in    

being 'wise4'      ,,contributions ,,to 
,,our ,,drawer4    ,on the #beth        
,december1 #ahdj1 when the excitement in
 diplomatic circles  upon the subject of
 the so-called ,eastern question was at 
its height1  an ,english friend dined   
with ,sir ,hamilton ,seymour and ,lady  
,seymour1 in  ,brussels4 ,seymour's note
 of invitation ran ,will you and your   
wife come  and eat a turkey with us4    
,the dinner was a very good one1 but    
there  was no turkey2 and on the        
following day our friend sent him the   
lines  below3    ,on the notorious      
breach of political faith committed by  
,sir ,g4  ,hamilton ,seymour1 ,g4,c4,h41
 c41 c41 c4 ,her ,britannic ,majesty's  
,minister ,plenipotentiary at the ,court
 of ,belgium1 on the #beth  ,december1  
#ahdj4        ,most perfidious1 most    
base of all living ministers1      ,you 
deserve to fall back to the rank of     
plain ,misters1      ,your star taken   
off1 and your chain only serving        
,to fetter your ankles selon your       

deserving4      ,don't think that my    
charge is some trumpery matter      ,of 
court etiquette4 ,it is greater1 and    
fatter2      ,fit cause throughout      
,europe to spread conflagration1        
,set ,king against ,kaiser1 and nation  
'gainst nation4      ',tis a fraud      
diplomatic--a protocol broken--         
,the breach of a treaty both written and
 spoken--      ,a matter too bad for    
e'en ,thiers' digestion--      ,the loss
 of an empire1 the great ,eastern       
question6      ,in vain would you move  
my ambition or pity--      ,in vain do  
you offer the province or city--        
,neither ,bordeaux nor ,xeres1 nor eke  
all ,champagne1      ,can make me       
forgetful of promises vain4      ,such  
pitiful make-weights ,i send to         
perdition2      ',twas ,turkey you      
promised--at least a partition4         
',twas ,turkey you promised--you've     
broken your word4      ',twas ,turkey   
you promised3 and where is the bird8    
,seymour's answer the same day3         

,of eastern affairs most infernally     
sick1      ,no wonder ,i failed to my   
promise to stick4      ,with the subject
 of ,turkey officially cramm'd1      ,if
 ,turkey ,i dined on1 ,i swore ,i'd be  
d--d4      ,but at least1 my good       
friend1 and the thought should bring    
peace1      ,if ,i gave you no ,turkey1 
,i gave you no ,greece 7grease74        
99       99       99       99       99  
,it is related of ex-,president ,tyler1 
that from the time of his election  to  
the ,vice-,presidency until the death of
 ,general ,harrison1 he kept no         
carriage on account of the insufficiency
 of his salary4 ,when1 however1  he     
found himself accidentally elevated to  
the chief ,magistracy1 the  former      
difficulty being removed1 he at once    
determined to set up  an equipage4 ,he  
accordingly bought a pair of horses1 and
 engaged a  coachman1 and then began to 
look about for a vehicle4 ,hearing of   
one  for sale which belonged to a       
gentleman residing in ,washington1 and  

which had only been driven a few times1 
the ,president went to look at  it4     
,upon examination he was perfectly      
satisfied with it himself1 but  still he
 thought it more prudent1 before        
purchasing it1 to take the  opinion of  
his ,hibernian coachman upon it4 ,pat   
reported that it was  jist the thing for
 his honor4    ,but1 said ,mr4 ,tyler1  
do you think it would be altogether     
proper for  the ,president of the       
,united ,states to drive a second-hand  
carriage8    ,and why not8 answered the 
,jehu2 sure and ye're only a second-hand
  president6           99       99      
99       99       99    ,we have seen   
many lazy men 7and women1 too1 for that 
matter7 in our day  and generation1 but 
we do think that a little the laziest   
individual  we ever did meet1 is a      
certain bald-headed1 oldish gentleman1  
who  lives somewhere in                 
,fourteenth-street near the ,fifth      
,avenue4 ,standing  the other day with a
 friend1 at the southeast corner of     

,broadway and  ,union-square1 waiting   
for a ,fourth ,avenue omnibus1 upward   
bound1 we  noticed the subject of this  
paragraph crossing the street1 with his 
arm  in a sling4 ,turning to our        
companion1 who was well acquainted with 
him1  we asked1    ,why1 what in the    
world has happened to ,mr4 ----'s arm8  
,oh1 nothing at all1 was the reply1 he  
only wears it in a sling1  because he is
 too lazy to swing it6           99     
99       99       99       99    ,the   
following commencement to a legal       
document1 to which our attention  was   
once called in a business-matter is     
curious enough4 ,the parties  mentioned 
were ,english people1 the names not     
being uncommon on the  other side of the
 water3    ,james ,elder1 the younger1  
in right of ,elizabeth ,husband1 his    
wife1  c41 c4           99       99     
99       99       99    ,,henry         
,,erskine is reputed to have been quite 
as clever a man as his  more famous     
brother4 ,his wit was ready1 pungent1   

and at times somewhat  bitter4 ,another 
brother1 ,lord ,buchan1 as is well      
known1 was pompous1  conceited1 and     
ineffably stupid4 ,upon one occasion1   
having purchased a  new estate in a very
 picturesque section of the country1 he 
took his  brother ,henry down to see it4
 ,when they arrived at the park gate1   
,lord  ,buchan1 climbing upon the       
gate-post1 commenced a vehement and     
florid  discourse upon the beauty of the
 surrounding scenery4 ,after a while his
  language became so hyperbolical and   
his gesticulations so violent that      
,henry1 being tired of so extravagant a 
performance1 called out to him1  ,i say1
 ,buchan1 if your gate was as high as   
your style 7stile71 and  you were to    
happen to fall1 you would most certainly
 break your neck6           99       99 
99       99       99    ,one evening    
,henry ,erskine accompanied the         
notorious ,duchess of ,gordon1  and her 
daughter1 a sweet girl1 who afterward   
became the ,marchioness of  ,abercorn1  

to the ,opera4 ,at the close of the     
performance1 the duchess's  carriage was
 sought for in vain--the coachman had   
failed to return for  them4 ,no other   
carriage was to be found1 and there was 
no alternative  for the ladies but to   
walk home in their laced and be-spangled
 evening  dresses4 ,a few minutes after 
they had started1 the duchess1 turning  
to  ,erskine1 said1    ,harry1 my dear1 
what must any one take us for1 who      
should meet us  walking the streets at  
this hour of the night in ,opera        
costume8    ,your grace would           
undoubtedly be taken for what you are1  
and your  daughter for what she is not1 
was the caustic reply4           99     
99       99       99       99    ,a     
lady1 who had a propensity for ,newport 
last summer1 but who found it  very     
difficult to induce her husband to take 
her there1 called upon the  eminent     
,doctor ,francis1 of ,bond-street1 for  
the purpose of procuring  his           
certificate of the importance of        

sea-bathing for the preservation  of her
 health4    ,are you ill1 madam8 asked  
the doctor4    ,not at all1 doctor1 the 
lady answered1 but ,i am afraid that ,i 
shall  become so1 in this extremely hot 
weather1 unless ,i have the opportunity 
to bathe in the sea1 and thus preserve  
my health4    ,very well1 madam1 replied
 the doctor1 if you are sure that you   
can not keep without pickling1 the      
sooner you start for ,newport the       
better1 and ,i shall have much pleasure 
in giving you my certificate to  that   
effect4           99       99       99  
99       99    ,the following           
inscription upon a tombstone is to be   
found in ,mechlem  church-yard1 in      
,england4 ,the poet evidently was of the
 opinion that so  long as he made use of
 the proper verb1 what part of it he    
employed was  of very little            
consequence3        ,long time she      
strove with sorrow and with care1       
,died like a man1 and like a ,christian 
bear6           99       99       99    

99       99    ,there once lived in     
,scotland a man named ,john ,ford1 who  
abused  and maltreated his wife in every
 possible way4 ,poor ,mrs4 ,ford1 in    
consequence of injuries to which she was
 subjected1 finally died4 ,soon  after  
his wife's decease1 ,john came to the   
sexton of the kirk and  expressed a     
desire to have an epitaph written for   
the puir body4  ,ye're the mon to do it1
 ,maister ,sexton1 and an ye'll write   
one1 ,i'll  gie ye a guinea1 said the   
bereaved widower4 ,the sexton was       
somewhat  surprised at the request1 and 
so stated to the petitioner4 ,he said   
that  it was well known that ,mrs4      
,ford's matrimonial life had been any   
thing  but a happy one1 and if he wrote 
any thing1 his conscience would only    
permit him to write the truth4 ,john    
told him to write exactly what he       
pleased--that decency required some     
inscription over the gudewife's  grave1 
and that he'd gie the guinea for        
whatever the sexton saw  fit to compose4

 ,upon these conditions1 the man of the 
spade finally  consented to invoke his  
muse1 and it was agreed that ,johnny    
should call  the next evening to receive
 the epitaph4 ,accordingly at the       
appointed  time1 the following          
composition was placed in his hands and 
met with  his unbounded approval3       
,here lies the body of ,mary ,ford1     
,we hope her soul is with the ,lord1    
,but if for ,tophet she's changed this  
life1      ,better be there than ,john  
,ford's wife4           99       99     
99       99       99    ,the only known 
house-settlement of ,gipsies in the     
world is in ,scotland1  not very far    
from ,edinburgh4 ,when ,sir ,walter     
,scott was a young man  he was sent down
 from the capital to the ,egyptian      
village for the  purpose of collecting  
the rents4 ,he was directed upon his    
arrival  to report himself to a certain 
person whose address was given him  and 
then to follow in all respects this     
person's instructions4 ,he  accordingly 

upon reaching his destination1 at once  
sent his letter of  introduction to the 
place indicated1 and was soon afterward 
waited  upon by the individual to whom  
he was recommended4 ,the advice which he
  then received was1 to let his presence
 in the village be known1 but to  remain
 at home and by no means attempt to     
collect any of the rents by  calling at 
the houses4 ,this advice he followed for
 three days1 during  which time only two
 of the gipsies called and paid4 ,after 
this he was  advised to return to       
,edinburgh1 leaving word at the         
settlement that  he had gone back to    
town where he would be happy to see any 
of the  tenants4 ,in less than a week   
nearly all made their appearance and    
paid  what they owed4 ,they were        
unwilling to do under the slightest     
semblance  of coercion what they        
cheerfully did voluntarily4    ,the     
first public recognition of the gipsies 
as a people in ,england1 is  in a       
proclamation of ,queen ,elizabeth1 in   

which she directs all sheriffs  and     
magistrates to aid1 counsel1 and assist 
our loving cousin ,john1  ,prince of    
,thebes and of ,upper ,egypt1 in        
apprehending and punishing  certain of  
his subjects guilty of divers crimes and
 misdemeanors4           99       99    
99       99       99    ,,hogg1 the     
,ettrick shepherd1 was an eccentric     
genius4 ,he was once dining  at a table 
where he was seated next to a daughter  
of ,sir ,william  ,drysdale4 ,his       
companion was a charming young          
lady--unaffected1 affable1  and yet     
withal gifted with considerable         
shrewdness and cleverness4  ,to some    
remark which he made1 she replied1      
,you're a funny man1 ,mr4  ,hogg1 to    
which he instantly rejoined1 ,and ye1 a 
nice lassie1 ,miss  ,drysdale4 ,nearly  
all girls are like a bundle of pens1 cut
 by the same  machine--ye're not of the 
bundle4    ,we have a friend who knew   
,hogg well4 ,our friend once arranged a 
party  for an excursion to ,lake ,st4   

,mary's1 and it was proposed to stop at 
,hogg's house on the way1 and take him  
up4 ,before they reached it1  however1  
they saw a man fishing in the ,yarrow1  
not very far from  the high-road4 ,the  
fisherman the moment that he noticed a  
carriage  full of people whose attention
 was apparently attracted to himself1   
gathered up his rod and line and began  
to run in an opposite direction  as fast
 as his legs could carry him4 ,our      
friend descended from the  carriage1 and
 shouted after him at the top of his    
voice4 ,but it was  of no use--the      
fugitive never stopped until he reached 
an elevated  spot of ground1 when he    
turned round to watch the movements of  
the  intruders4 ,recognizing our friend1
 he laughingly returned his greeting1   
and1 approaching him1 said--we translate
 his ,scotch dialect into the           
vernacular--,why1 ,s----1 my boy1 how   
are you8 ,do you know1 ,i took you  for 
some of those rascally tourists1 who    
come down upon me in swarms1  like the  

locusts of ,egypt1 and eat me out of    
house and home4 ,his fears  removed1 he 
accompanied the party to the lake1 and  
they had a merry day  of it4    ,hogg's 
egotism and conceit were very amusing4  
,witness the following  extract from his
 ,familiar anecdotes of ,sir ,walter    
,scott4    ,one of ,sir ,walter's       
representatives has taken it upon him to
 assert1  that ,sir ,walter held me in  
the lowest contempt6 ,he never was      
further  wrong in his life1 but ,sir    
,walter would have been still further   
wrong1  if he had done so4 ,of that1    
posterity will judge4           99      
99       99       99       99    ,there 
are many engraved portraits of ,lord    
,byron afloat1 but it is  said that none
 of them resemble him4 ,a friend of     
ours1 who knew him  intimately1 assures 
us that the face of the ,macedonian     
monarch in ,paul  ,veronese's celebrated
 picture of ,alexander in the tent of   
,darius at  ,venice1 is the exact image 
of his lordship4 ,standing before it one

 day  with a lady1 he mentioned the     
extraordinary likeness to her in        
,english1  when the cicerone who        
accompanied them1 said1 ,ah1 sir1 ,i see
 that  you knew my old master well4     
,many a time since his death have ,i    
stood  and gazed upon that face which   
recalled his own so strongly to my      
recollection4    ,by-the-by1 the history
 of this picture is rather curious4     
,the artist1 whose real name was ,paul  
,caliari1 was invited by a  hospitable  
family to spend some time with them at  
their villa1 on the  banks of the       
,brenta4 ,while in the house his habits 
were exceedingly  peculiar4 ,he remained
 in his room the greater part of the    
time1 and  refused to allow any one to  
enter it on any pretext4 ,the maid was  
not even permitted to make his bed--and 
every morning she found the  sweepings  
of the room at the door1 whence she was 
at liberty to remove  them4 ,one day the
 painter suddenly disappeared4 ,the door
 of the room  was found open4 ,the      

sheets were gone from the bed4 ,the     
frightened  servant reported to the     
master that they had been stolen4 ,a    
search  was instituted4 ,in one corner  
of the room was found a large roll of   
canvas4 ,upon opening it1 it proved to  
be a magnificent picture--the  famous   
,alexander in the tent of ,darius4 ,upon
 close inspection1 it was  discovered   
that it was painted upon the sheets of  
the bed6 ,the artist  had left it as a  
present to the family1 and had taken    
this curious  method of evincing his    
gratitude4           99       99        
99       99       99    ,most travelers 
in ,italy make a pilgrimage to the tomb 
of ,juliet1 at  ,verona4 ,verona and    
,shakspeare are1 of course1 inseparable2
 but when you  are on the spot1 little  
can be found to identify the creations  
of the  poet4 ,we have no more traces of
 ,valentine and ,proteus at ,verona1    
than  we possess of ,launce and his dog 
at ,milan4 ,the ,montecchi belonged  to 
the ,ghibellines2 and as they joined    

with the ,capelletti in  expelling ,azo 
di ,ferrara 7shortly previous to #abjg71
 it is probable  that both were of the  
same party4 ,the laconic mention of     
their  families1 which ,dante places in 
the mouth of ,sordello1 proves their    
celebrity        ,o ,alberto tedesco1   
ch' abbandoni      ,costei ch'  fatta   
indomita e selveggia1      ,e dovresti  
inforcar li suoi arcioni2      ,giusto  
guidicio dalle stelle coggia      ,sovra
 'l tuo sangue1 e sia nuovo e asserto1  
,tal che 'l tuo successor temenza n'    
aggia3      ,ch' avete1 tu e 'l tuo     
padre1 sofferto      ,per cupidigia di  
cost distretti1      ,che 'l giardin    
dell' 'mperio sia diserto4      ,vieni a
 veder ,montecchi e ,capuletti1         
,monaldi e ,filippeschi1 nom senza cura1
      ,color gi tristi1 e costor con    
sospetti4      ,purgatorio ,,vi4 #ig1   
#aji        ,o ,austrian ,albert6 who   
desertest her1      7,ungovernable now  
and savage grown71      ,when most she  
needed pressing with the spur--         

,may on thy race ,heaven's righteous    
judgment fall2      ,and be it signally 
and plainly shown1      ,with terror thy
 successor to appal6      ,since by thy 
lust yon distant lands to gain1         
,thou and thy sire have suffered wild to
 run      ,what was the garden of thy   
fair domain4      ,come see the         
,capulets and ,montagues--              
,monaldi--,filippeschi1 reckless one6   
,these now in fear--already wretched    
those4      ,wright's ,dante4    ,but   
the tragic history of ,romeo and ,juliet
 can not be traced higher  in writing   
than the age of ,lungi di ,porto2 and as
 this novelist of  the #afth century has
 borrowed the principal incident of the 
plot from  a ,greek romance1 it is      
probable that the whole is an           
amplification  of some legendary story4 
,the ,casa de ,capelletti1 now an inn   
for  vetturini1 may possibly have been  
the dwelling of the family2 but since   
that circumstance1 if established1 would
 only prove that the house  had a house1

 it does not carry us much further in   
the argument4  ,with respect to the tomb
 of ,juliet1 it certainly was shown in  
the  last century1 before the barbarian 
,sacchespir became known to the         
,italians4 ,the popularity of the novel 
would sufficiently account for  the     
localization of the tradition1 as has   
already been the case with  many objects
 described by ,sir ,walter ,scott4 ,that
 tomb1 however1 has  long since been    
destroyed2 but the present one1 recently
 erected in the  garden of the          
,orfanotrofio1 does just as well4 ,it is
 of a reddish  marble1 and1 before it   
was promoted to its present honor1 was  
used as  a watering trough4 ,maria      
,louisa got a bit of it1 which she      
caused to  be divided into the gems of a
 very elegant necklace and bracelets1   
and many other sentimental young and    
elderly ladies have followed her        
example4           99       99       99 
99       99    ,at the extremity of the 
,piazzetta in ,venice are the two       

granite  columns1 the one surmounted by 
the lion of ,st4 ,mark1 the other by    
,st4 ,theodore4 ,the lion is somewhat   
remarkable1 as having been the  first   
victim1 as far as objects of art are    
concerned1 of the ,french  revolution4  
,from the book which he holds1 the words
 of the ,gospel  were effaced1 and      
,droits de l'homme et du citoyen 7rights
 of man  and of the citizen7 substituted
 in their stead4 ,upon this change a    
gondolier remarked that ,st4 ,mark1 like
 all the rest of the world1 had  been   
compelled to turn over a new leaf4 ,the 
lion was afterward removed  to the      
,invalides at ,paris1 but was restored  
after the fall of the  capital4    ,the 
capitals of the columns speak their     
,byzantine origin4 ,three were  brought 
from ,constantinople4 ,one sunk into the
 ooze as they were  landing it2 the     
other two were safely landed on the     
shore2 but1 as  the story goes1 there   
they lay2 no one could raise them4      
,sebastiano  ,ziani1 #aagb-aahj1 having 

offered as a reward that he who should  
succeed  should not lack any grazia     
onesta1 a certain ,lombard1 yclept      
,nicolo ,barattiero1 or ,nick the       
,blackleg1 offered his services2 and1   
by the device or contrivance of wetting 
the ropes1 which contracted  as they    
dried1 he placed the columns on their   
pedestals4 ,nicolo was  now entitled to 
claim his guerdon3 and what did he ask8 
,that games of  chance1 prohibited      
elsewhere by the wisdom of the law1     
might be played  with full impunity     
between the columns4 ,the concession    
once made could  not be revoked2 but    
what did the wise legislature8 ,they    
enacted that  the public executions1    
which had hitherto taken place at the   
,san  ,giovanni ,bragola1 should be     
inflicted in the privileged gambling    
spot1  by which means the space between 
the columns became so ill-omened1  that 
even crossing it was thought to be a    
sure prognostication1  foretelling how  
the unlucky wight who had ventured upon 

the fated  pavement1 would1 in due time 
be suspended at a competent height above
  the forbidden ground4                 
,literary ,notices4      ,parisian      
,sights and ,french ,principles1 seen   
through ,american  ,spectacles1         
,illustrated 7published by ,harper and  
,brothers71 is the  title of one of the 
most graphic descriptions of life in the
 ,french  metropolis which have yet been
 given by any ,english or ,american     
traveler4 ,the author blends reflection 
and narrative in a very  effective      
manner1 depicting the prominent features
 of ,french society  with a vivid       
pencil1 and deducing the inferences     
suggested by his  varied experience4    
,short of a personal visit to the great 
focus of  ,european fashion1 there is no
 way in which one can obtain such a mass
  of information on the subject1 and in 
so agreeable a manner1 as by  dipping   
into this lively volume4    ,the        
,blithedale ,romance1 by ,,nathaniel    
,,hawthorne 7published by ,ticknor1     

,reed and ,fields71 in point of artistic
 construction is not equal to  the      
,scarlet ,letter1 nor the ,house of     
,seven ,gables4 ,as a whole1  it leaves 
an unsatisfied and painful impression1  
as if the author  had failed to embody  
his own ideal in the development of the 
story4  ,it contains many isolated      
passages of great vigor1 and            
occasionally  some of remarkable        
sweetness4 ,in his pictures of natural  
scenery1  ,mr4 ,hawthorne often draws   
from the life1 and always reproduces the
  landscape with startling fidelity4    
,the characters in the story are        
intended to be repulsive2 they          
illustrate the dark side of human       
nature2 and no reader can recall their  
memory without a feeling of  sepulchral 
gloom4    ,the ,discarded ,daughter1 by 
,mrs4 ,,emma ,d4 ,e4 ,n4 ,,southworth4  
7,published  by ,a4 ,hart47 ,the author 
of this novel possesses a singularly    
vivid  imagination1 and a rare command  
of picturesque expression4 ,she evinces 

originality1 depth and fervor of        
feeling1 vigor of thought1 and  dramatic
 skill2 but so blended with glaring     
faults1 that the severest  critic would 
be her best friend4 ,in the construction
 of her plots1  she has no regard for   
probability3 nature is violated at every
 step2  impossible people are brought   
into impossible situations2 every thing 
is colored so highly that the eye is    
dazzled2 there is no repose1 no         
perspective1 none of the healthy        
freshness of life2 we are removed  from 
the pure sunshine and the forest shade  
into an intolerable glare  of gas-light2
 truth is sacrificed to melo-dramatic   
effect2 and the  denouement is produced 
by ghastly contrivances that vie in     
extravagance  with ,mrs4 ,radcliffe's   
most superfine horrors4 ,with the       
constant effort  to surprise1 the       
language becomes inflated1 and at the   
same time  is often careless to a       
degree1 which occasions the most        
ludicrous  sense of incongruity4 ,it is 

a pity to see so much power as this lady
  evidently is endowed with1 so         
egregiously wasted4 ,let her curb her   
fiery ,pegasus with unrelenting         
hand--let her consult the truthfulness  
of nature1 rather than yield to a rage  
for effect--let her tame the  genial    
impetuosity of her pen by a due         
reverence for classical taste  and      
common sense--and she will yet attain a 
rank worthy of her fine  faculties1 from
 which she has hitherto been precluded  
by her outrages  on the proprieties of  
fictitious composition4    ,the         
,mormons1 or ,latter-day ,saints1 by    
,lieut4 ,j4 ,w4 ,,gunnison4  7,published
 by ,lippincott1 ,grambo1 and ,co47 ,the
 author of this little  work has        
succeeded in the difficult task of doing
 justice to a new  religious sect4      
,residing for several months in the     
,great ,salt ,lake  ,valley1 as a member
 of the ,united ,states ,exploring      
,expedition1 and  looking upon the      
singular condition of society that came 

under  his notice with an eye of        
philosophical curiosity1 he had a rare  
opportunity for studying the history1   
opinions1 and customs of the  remarkable
 people1 whose rapid progress is among  
the note-worthy  events of the age4 ,his
 book contains a lucid description of   
the  country inhabited by the ,mormons1 
a statement of their religious faith    
and social principles1 and a succinct   
narrative of the origin and  development
 of the sect4 ,without aiming to excite 
prejudice against the  ,mormons1 he     
keeps nothing back1 which is essential  
to a correct view of  their position1 as
 respects either belief or practice4    
,his disclosures  in regard to the      
prevalence of polygamy among the        
,latter-,day ,saints1  so called1 are of
 the most explicit character1 showing   
that a plurality  of wives is adopted1  
as a part of their social economy1 from 
a sense  of religious duty4 ,the view   
presented of their theology furnishes   
the materials for an interesting chapter

 on the history of mental  delusions4   
,we have no doubt that this book will be
 widely read1 and1  in the hands of the 
intelligent and reflecting thinker1 will
 prove  fruitful in valuable            
suggestions4    ,harper and ,brothers   
have published a new edition of         
,cicero's ,tusculan  ,disputations1 with
 ,english ,notes by ,,charles ,,anthon1 
,,ll4,d4 ,in preparing  this edition1   
use has been made of the text and notes 
of ,tischer1 with  occasional reference 
to the commentaries of ,wolf1 ,moser1   
and ,khner4  ,both in the text and      
notes1 however1 the erudite ,editor has 
relied on  his own judgment1 not        
slavishly adhering to any authority1 but
 freely  consulting the suggestions of  
the most eminent philologists from the  
time of ,bentley to our own days4 ,the  
work is a model for a college           
text-book4 ,in the careful supervision  
which it has received at the  hands of  
,dr4 ,anthon1 he has added to the many  
valuable services that  identify his    

name with the progress of classical     
learning in this  country4    ,derby and
 ,miller have issued a new edition of   
,,sargent',s ,life of  ,henry ,clay1    
revised and brought down to the death of
 the illustrious  statesman1 by ,,horace
 ,,greely4 ,the leading incidents in    
,mr4 ,clay's life  are here described in
 a lively and flowing narrative2 his    
public career  is fully exhibited2      
copious extracts are given from his     
speeches and  letters2 and the whole    
biography is executed with manifest     
ability1  and as great a degree of      
impartiality as could be demanded1 with 
the decided personal predilections of   
both author and editor4 ,the            
proceedings in ,congress on the         
announcement of ,mr4 ,clay's decease1   
which are given at length1 form a very  
interesting portion of the  volume4     
,stray ,meditations1 or ,voices of the  
,heart1 by ,,joseph ,p4 ,,thompson4     
7,published by ,a4 ,s4 ,barnes and ,co47
 ,a collection of fugitive pieces1  some

 of which have already appeared in the  
columns of various religious  journals4 
,they are of a grave1 meditative        
character1 deeply tinged with  personal 
feeling--of an elevated devotional      
spirit--giving a highly  favorable      
impression of the author as a man of    
great earnestness of  purpose1 and      
usually expressed in choice and vigorous
 language4 ,mr4  ,thompson has happily  
avoided the dangers incident to this    
style of  composition4 ,his volume      
breathes an air of soft and pious       
sentiment1  but betrays no weak         
effeminacy2 it unvails the most private 
emotions of  the heart1 but can not be  
charged with egotism2 and appeals to the
 most  awful sanctions of religion1     
without indulging in dogmatic severity4 
,as  a companion in hours of retirement 
and thoughtfulness1 it can not fail  to 
be welcome to the religious reader4     
,anna ,hammer1 translated from the      
,german of ,,temme1 by ,,alfred ,h4     
,,guernsey1 is a good specimen of the   

contemporary popular fiction of  ,german
 literature4 ,its author1 ,temme1 is a  
man of ability2 he writes1  however1    
more from the heart than the head2      
drawing the materials of  romance from  
the sufferings of his country4 ,he took 
an active part in  the late ,german     
revolutionary movements1 and his        
political feelings  tincture his        
writings4 ,the present work gives a     
vivid picture of the  interior of       
,german life1 and is filled with        
passages of exciting  interest4 ,the    
translation1 by an accomplished scholar 
of this city1  every where shows        
conscientious fidelity1 and is in pure  
and idiomatic  ,english4    ,an ,olio of
 ,domestic ,verses1 by ,,emily ,,judson4
 ,this volume composes a  collection of 
the earlier poetry of ,mrs4 ,judson1    
with several pieces of  a more recent   
date4 ,it shows a rich poetical         
temperament1 a graceful  fancy1 and a   
natural ease of versification1 which1   
with more familiar  practice and a      

higher degree of artistic culture1 would
 have given  the authoress an eminent   
rank among the native poets of this     
country4  ,the admirers of her sweet and
 brilliant productions1 in another line1
  will find much to justify the         
enthusiasm with which they greeted the  
writings of ,fanny ,forester4 ,many of  
these little poems have already  been   
the rounds of the newspapers1 where they
 have won lively applause4  7,published 
by ,lewis ,colby47    ,the ,third       
,volume of ,,chambers' edition of ,the  
,life and ,works of ,robert  ,burns     
7republished by ,harper and ,brothers71 
is replete with various  interest4 ,no  
admirer of the immortal peasant-bard    
should be without  this excellent       
tribute to his genius4    ,the          
,master-,builder1 by ,,day ,,kellogg    
,,lee4 7,published by ,redfield47 ,a    
story of purely ,american origin1 drawn 
from the experience of actual  life1 and
 containing several happy delineations  
of character4 ,it  describes the        

fortunes of one who by industry and     
enterprise1 guided  by strong native    
intelligence1 rose to honor and         
prosperity1 in the  exercise of a useful
 mechanical vocation4 ,the author       
frequently shows  uncommon powers of    
description2 he is a watchful observer  
of life and  manners2 is not without    
insight into the mysteries of human     
passion2  and1 if he could check his    
tendency to indulge in affectations of  
language1 expressing himself with       
straight-forward simplicity1 he might   
gain an enviable distinction as a       
writer4    ,a4 ,s4 ,barnes and ,co41    
have issued a new volume of ,professor  
,,bartlett',s  ,elements of ,natural    
,philosophy1 containing treatises on    
,acoustics and  ,optics4 ,the principles
 of these sciences are explained with   
clearness  and elegance1 the views of   
the best recent writers being embodied  
in  the work1 and accompanied with a    
variety of apposite illustrations4  ,the
 portion relating to sound1 based on the

 admirable monograph of ,sir  ,john     
,herschel1 will be found to possess much
 popular interest1 in spite  of its     
scientific rigidity of expression1      
explaining1 as it does1 the  mutual     
relations of mathematics and music4     
,,upjohn',s ,rural ,architecture        
7published by ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam71 forms a 
useful book of reference for            
parish-committees1 or whoever is        
intrusted  with the charge of erecting  
new churches1 parsonages1 or            
school-houses1  more particularly in the
 country4 ,it gives a number of         
estimates and  specifications1 with     
ample directions for practical use4     
,the ,dodd ,family ,abroad1 by ,,charles
 ,,lever4 ,one of the most piquant      
productions of this side-splitting      
author is now publishing in numbers  by 
,harper and ,brothers4 ,whoever wishes  
to be forced into a laugh1 in  defiance 
of all sorts of lugubrious fancies1     
should not fail to read  this rich      
outpouring of genuine ,irish humor4     

,the ,old ,engagement1 by ,,julia ,,day1
 is a brilliant story of ,english       
society1 reprinted from the ,london     
edition by ,james ,munroe and ,co4      
,single ,blessedness1 is the title of an
 appeal in favor of unmarried  ladies   
and gentlemen4 ,an incoherent rhapsody1 
aiming at every thing and  hitting      
nothing4 7,c4 ,s4 ,francis and ,co47    
,lydia2 a ,woman's ,book1 by ,mrs4      
,,newton ,,cropland1 is the title of a  
popular ,english work1 remarkable for   
its natural character-drawing1          
reprinted by ,ticknor1 ,reed1 and       
,fields4           99       99       99 
99       99    ,j4 ,d4 ,b4 ,de ,bow1    
,professor of ,political ,economy in the
 ,university of  ,louisiana1 ,new       
,orleans1 has in press1 and will issue  
in a few days1 a  work of which we have 
been permitted to see the sheets1 in    
three large  octavo volumes1 small and  
neat print1 entitled1 ,industrial       
,resources1  ,statistics1 etc41 of the  
,southern and ,western ,states1 with    

,statistics  of the ,home and ,foreign  
,trade of the ,union1 and the ,results  
of the  ,census of #ahej4 ,the work will
 be a valuable addition to the library  
of the merchant1 manufacturer1 planter1 
and statesman1 and the public  have     
every guarantee of its ability in the   
active and intelligent  services        
rendered by ,professor ,de ,bow to the  
,industrial ,interests of  the country1 
for many years past1 in the pages of his
 invaluable and  widely circulated      
,review4           99       99       99 
99       99    ,the following pensions  
have recently been granted by the       
,british  ,government in consideration  
of services in literature or science4   
,to ,mrs4 ,jameson1 #ajj for her        
literary merits2 to ,mr4 ,james ,silk   
,buckingham1 #bjj for literary merits   
and useful travels in various           
countries2 ,mr4 ,robert ,torrens1       
,f4,r4,s41 #bjj for his valuable        
contributions to the science of         
political philosophy2 to ,professor     

,john ,wilson1 of the ,university of    
,edinburgh 7,christopher ,north of      
,blackwood71 #cjj for his eminent       
literary merits2 to ,mrs4 ,reid1  the   
widow of ,dr4 ,james ,reid1 ,professor  
of ,ecclesiastical and ,civil  ,history 
in the ,university of ,glasgow1 #ej1 and
 #ej to his family1 in  consideration of
 ,dr4 ,reid's valuable contributions to 
literature2 to  ,mrs4 ,macarthur1 widow 
of ,dr4 ,alexander ,macarthur1          
,superintendent of  ,model ,schools1 and
 ,inspector of ,irish ,national         
,schools1 #ej2 to ,mr4  ,john ,britton1 
#ge2 to ,mr4 ,hinds1 the astronomer1    
#bjj2 to ,dr4 ,mantell1  the geologist1 
#ajj2 and to ,mr4 ,ronalds1 of the ,kew 
,observatory1 #ge4           99       99
       99       99       99    ,a       
bibliographical work on theology and    
kindred subjects1 ,cyclopdia            
,bibliographica1 is being published in  
,london1 which will be a useful  index  
to general theological literature4 ,in  
the first volume the  arrangement of    

authors and works is alphabetical2 in   
the second1 a  catalogue raisonne of all
 departments of theology under          
commonplaces  in scientific order will  
be presented4 ,of special value to      
theological  students1 this ,cyclopdia  
will also prove an important            
contribution  to general literature4    
99       99       99       99       99  
,mr4 ,,stiles',s ,austria in #ahdh has  
been republished in ,london4 ,the       
,athenum says1 it may be recommended as 
a plain1 continuous1 and  conscientious 
narrative to all those who would like to
 have the events  to which it refers    
brought before them in the compass of   
one book1 so  as to be saved the trouble
 of turning over many4           99     
99       99       99       99    ,during
 the recent discussion among the ,london
 booksellers regarding the  discount on 
new books1 ,mr4 ,william ,longman stated
 that the publishing  firm of which he  
is a partner had long been anxious to   
publish a new  edition of ,johnson's    

,english ,dictionary1 that they were    
willing  to pay almost any sum for the  
literary labor1 but that they had not   
succeeded in procuring a man fully      
qualified as editor4 ,the want1         
however1 has been supplied1 and the boon
 has been conferred1 says a  ,london    
journal1 not by an ,english1 but by an  
,american lexicographer1  who has       
produced a ,dictionary suitable to the  
present state of our  common language4  
,this is ,dr4 ,goodrich's octavo edition
 of ,,webster',s  ,,dictionary1 which is
 published at a price which places it   
within the  reach of all the classes to 
whom it is indispensable2 and whether in
  the school or the counting-house1 the 
library or the parlor1 we are  confident
 that this work will be found of the    
highest value4           99       99    
99       99       99    ,m4 ,,guizot is 
about to bring out a ,history of the    
,republic in ,england1  and of the      
,times of ,cromwell2 and he has allowed 
some of the ,paris  journals to give a  

foretaste of it by the publication of a 
long extract  under the title1 ,cromwell
 sera-t-il roi8           99       99   
99       99       99    ,the ,glasgow   
,citizen mentions that an interesting   
relic of ,,robert  ,,burns1 the poet1 is
 at present for sale at a booksellers in
 that city4  ,it is a manuscript of the 
poet1 a fasciculus of ten leaves1       
written on  both sides1 containing ,the 
,vision1 as originally composed1 ,the   
,lass  of ,ballochmyle1 ,my ,nannie ,o1 
and others of his most popular songs4   
,the manuscript was sent by ,burns to   
,mrs4 ,general ,stewart1 of ,stair1     
when he expected to have to go to the   
,west ,indies4           99       99    
99       99       99    ,general        
,g,,rgey',s ,memoir of the ,hungarian   
,campaign is translated1 and  will be   
shortly published4 ,so stringent is the 
prohibition against  this book in       
,austria1 that ,prince ,windischgrtz1   
who asked for special  permission to    
purchase a copy1 has received a positive

 refusal4           99       99       99
       99       99    ,dr4 ,,hanna1 the 
editor of the ,biography of ,dr4        
,chalmers1 is engaged  in the           
preparation of a ,selection from the    
,correspondence for early  publication4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,it will be pleasant news to our        
readers1 says the ,london ,leader1  to  
hear that ,,macaulay has finished two   
more volumes of his ,history1  which may
 be expected early next season4 ,a more 
restricted circle  will also be glad to 
hear that ,,gervinus is busy with a new 
work1 the  ,history of the ,south       
,american ,republics4           99      
99       99       99       99           
,,lamartine',s sixth volume1 of the     
,histoire de la ,restauration1 seems  by
 far the most excellent in composition4 
,it embraces the period from  the       
execution of ,labdoyre to the death of  
,napoleon at ,st4 ,helena4  ,the        
narrative is full1 yet rapid2 and the   
volume contains1 among other  things1 a 

most curious and interesting paper      
hitherto unpublished1  written by ,louis
 ,,xviii41 giving a private history of  
the agitations of  a change of          
,ministry4           99       99        
99       99       99    ,a list has been
 published in the ,french papers of the 
,professors of  the ,university of      
,paris who have either been deposed1 or 
have resigned  since the #b;d of        
,december4 ,some of the names best known
 in literature  and science to foreign  
countries are in the list4 ,at the      
,collge  de ,france1 ,,mm4 ,michelet1   
,professor of ,history and ,ethics2     
,quinet1  ,professor of ,germanic       
,literature2 ,mikiewicz1 of ,sclavonic  
,literature2  ,m4 ,barthlemy            
,saint-,hilaire1 ,professor of ,greek   
and ,roman ,philosophy4  ,at the        
,sorbonne1 ,m4 ,jules ,simon1 ,interior 
,professor of the ,history  of ,ancient 
,philosophy1 has been superseded2 and   
,m4 ,cousin1 ,titular  ,professor of    
that chair1 has retired4 ,m4 ,villemain1

 ,professor of ,french  ,eloquence2 ,m4 
,pouillet1 ,professor of ,physics2      
,cauchy1 of ,mathematical  ,astronomy1  
have refused the oath of allegiance to  
the ,president4 ,at  the ,school of     
,medicine1 ,m4 ,chomel1 ,professor of   
,clinical ,medicine1  has resigned4 ,at 
the ,ecole ,normale1 ,,mm4 ,jules       
,simon1 and ,vacherot1  ,professors of  
,philosophy1 and ,m4 ,magy1             
,superintendent1 have refused  the oath4
 ,lists are also given of the           
dmissionnaires in the various  colleges 
of ,paris4 ,these announcements may have
 historical as well as  biographical    
interest in after days of ,french       
revolutions4           99       99      
99       99       99    ,french         
literature and literary men are         
beginning to adjust themselves  to the  
new condition of things1 and if the     
,legislative tongue and the             
,journalistic pen are obliged to submit 
to restraints1 the historian1  the      
novelist1 the political economist1 and  

the political philosopher  are allowed  
pretty full swing4 ,a great noise has   
been made about  ,,victor ,,hugo',s     
exile1 but it seems that he has         
permission to return1  of which he      
refuses to avail himself1 and is        
settling down in cheap  and healthful   
,jersey4 ,his expulsion1 or exile1 or   
voluntary removal1  may be a loss to    
,parisian society1 but will probably be 
a gain to  ,french literature4          
,,proudhon1 just released from prison1  
is taking pen  in hand1 a sadder and a  
wiser man2 for his approaching book is  
to  demonstrate1 in his own peculiar    
fashion1 the theorem which events  have 
been reciting to ,france1 namely1 that  
its government is not to  be            
conclusively a republic of any set kind1
 but to belong to him or  them whom     
,providence may have endowed with force 
and cunning enough  to grasp and retain 
it4 ,,heinrich ,,heine himself1 not     
paralyzed by his  frightful illness1    
works an hour or two daily at a book    

which will be  one of his most          
interesting--pictures of ,parisian men  
and things1 to  which he is to prefix a 
sketch of ,parisian society since the   
,revolution  of #ahdh4 ,,michelet1 in   
rural solitude1 is employed upon his    
,history  of the ,revolution1 while     
,,louis ,,blanc1 in ,london1 has just   
published a  new volume of his4         
,,barante has brought forth another     
portion of his  pictorially             
unpicturesque ,history of the ,national 
,convention2 ,,lamartine  another of his
 ,history of the ,restoration4 ,the     
astute ,,guizot fights shy  of the      
history of his own country1 and is      
contributing to some of the  chief      
,paris periodicals fragments on the men 
and times of the ,great  ,rebellion in  
,england4 ,one that is forthcoming is to
 be entitled1  ,cromwell--shall he be   
,king8 which1 being translated1 means3  
,louis  ,napoleon--shall he be ,emperor8
 ,his old rival1 ,,thiers1 is adding    
another  literary association to the    

many that connect themselves with the   
,lake  of ,geneva1 and is delighting the
 good people of that region by his      
lavish expenditure of ,napoleons and    
general affability4           99        
99       99       99       99    ,a     
translation into ,french of the works of
 ,,saint ,,theresa is about to  be      
published2 it has been made by a        
,jesuit4 ,the saint's writings are  much
 admired by her own church2 but from the
 little we know of them1 we  should     
think them too rhapsodical and mystical 
for the public4           99       99   
99       99       99    ,madame ,,george
 ,,sand has addressed a furious letter  
to a ,belgian  newspaper1 indignantly   
denying that1 as asserted by it1 she is 
in  receipt of a pension1 or has        
accepted any money whatever from the    
present government4 ,even1 she says1 if 
her political opinions permitted  her to
 receive the bounty of ,louis           
,bonaparte1 she should think it         
dishonorable to take it when there are  

so many of her literary brethren  who   
have greater need of it4           99   
99       99       99       99           
,,buffon',s mansion and grounds at      
,montbard1 in ,burgundy1 are advertised 
for sale4 ,in the grounds is an ancient 
tower of great height1  commanding a    
view for miles around of a beautiful and
 mountainous  country4 ,it was in a     
room1 in the highest part of this tower1
 that the  great naturalist wrote the   
history which has immortalized his name4
  ,it is known that he was accustomed to
 write in full dress1 but1 by a         
striking contradiction1 nothing could be
 more simple than his lofty  study2 it  
was a vast apartment with an arched     
roof1 painted entirely  green1 and the  
only furniture it contained consisted of
 a plain wood  table and an old         
arm-chair4 ,the labor which that room   
witnessed was  immense--as ,buffon wrote
 his works over and over again1 until he
 got  them to his taste4 ,the ,epoques  
de la ,nature1 for example1 were        

written not fewer than eighteen times4  
,he always began his day's work  in the 
tower between five and six o'clock in   
the morning1 and when he  required to   
reflect on any matter he used to walk   
about his garden4           99       99 
99       99       99    ,the ,french    
journals report the death of the        
distinguished artist1 ,,tony            
,,johannot1 and also of ,count          
,d',,orsay1 who in the later period of  
his  life displayed considerable        
artistic talent and taste both as a     
painter  and sculptor4 ,but he is more  
generally known1 and will be longer     
remembered1 as a man of fashion1 and of 
public notoriety from his  alliance with
 the ,blessington family1 the           
circumstances of which are so  well     
known1 and have been recalled at present
 by the public journals  at such length1
 as to render it needless for us to     
enlarge upon the  subject4 ,having shown
 kindness and hospitality to ,louis     
,napoleon when  an exile in ,london1 the

 ,prince ,president was not ungrateful  
to his  former friend1 and he has       
latterly enjoyed the office of          
,directeur des  ,beaux ,arts1 with a    
handsome salary1 and maintained a       
prominent position  in the ,court of the
 ,elyse4    ,general ,,gourgaud1 the    
aid-de-camp of ,napoleon1 and one of his
  companions at ,st4 ,helena1 who has   
recently died at an advanced age1  was  
an author as well as a soldier1 having  
written what he called a  refutation of 
,count ,sgur's ,history of the ,russian 
,campaign1 and  having got into a       
pamphlet dispute with ,sir ,walter      
,scott1 respecting  some of the latter's
 statements in his ,history of          
,napoleon4 ,with  ,sgur he fought a duel
 to support his allegations1 and with   
,sir ,walter  was very near fighting    
another4 ,scott1 it may be remembered1  
showed  him up most unmercifully1 and   
made known that1 notwithstanding all    
his professed zeal for ,napoleon1 there 
were documents in the ,english          

,war-,office1 written by him at ,st4    
,helena1 which proved him to have been  
not one of the most faithful of         
servants4           99       99       99
       99       99    ,the third        
centenary commemoration of the treaty of
 ,passau was  celebrated on the #b;d of 
,august in ,darmstadt1 and in connection
 with  it ,dr4 ,zimmerman1 a divine of  
some celebrity1 intends to revise and   
complete an entire edition of the works 
of ,martin ,luther1 to be ready  for    
publication on the #bfth of ,september1 
#ahee1 the three hundredth  anniversary 
of the religious peace established by   
,charles ,v4           99       99      
99       99       99    ,in ,german     
literature of late1 there have been very
 few publications  worth announcing4    
,two works recently published1 however1 
deserve a  passing mention4 ,the first  
is a volume attributed by vague rumor   
to ,,schelling1 upon what authority we  
can not say1 and bearing this           
comprehensive title1 ,ueber den ,geist  

und sein ,verhltniss in der             
,natur--running rapidly through the     
whole circle of the sciences  physical  
and social2 the second is a history of  
,german ,philosophy since  ,,kant1 by   
,,fortlage of ,jena--,genetische        
,geschichie der ,philosophie  seit      
,kant4 ,he is a popular expositor1 and  
as his work embraces ,,kant1  ,,jacobi1 
,,fichte1 ,,schelling1 ,,oken1          
,,steffens1 ,,carus1 ,,schleiermacher1  
,,hegel1 ,,weisse1 ,,fries1 ,,herbart1  
,,beneke1 ,,reinhold1 ,,trendelenburg1  
,c41  it will be interesting to students
 of that vast logomachy named ,german   
,philosophy4    ,in science we have to  
note one or two decidedly interesting   
publications4 ,a massive1 cheap1 and    
popular exposition of the ,animal       
,kingdom1 by ,,vogt1 under the title of 
,zoologische ,briefe--the numerous      
woodcuts to which1 though very rude1 are
 well drawn and useful as  diagrams3    
,,vortisch ,die ,jngste ,katastrophe des
 ,erdballs1 and ,,lotze  ,medicinische  

,psychologie oder ,physiologie der      
,seele will attract two  very different 
classes of students4 ,while the lovers  
of ,german ,belles  ,lettres will learn 
with tepid satisfaction that a new work 
is about  to appear from the converted  
,countess ,,hahn-,,hahn1 under the      
mystical  title of ,die ,liebhaber des  
,kreuzes1 and a novel also by ,l4       
,,muhlbach  7wife of ,,theodore ,,mundt7
 upon ,frederick the ,great1 called     
,berlin und  ,sans ,souci1 which        
,,carlyle is not very likely to consult 
for his  delineation of the ,military   
,poetaster4           99       99       
99       99       99    ,norway has been
 deprived of one of her most learned    
historians1 ,dr4  ,,niels ,,wulfsberg1  
formerly ,chief ,keeper of the ,archives
 of the ,kingdom4  ,the doctor was in   
the sixty-seventh year of his age4 ,dr4 
,wulfsberg  was the founder of the two  
earliest daily papers ever published3   
the  ,mergenbladet 7,morning ,journal7  
and the ,fider 7,times72 both of  which 

still exist--one under its original     
title1 and the other under  that of the 
,rigstidenden 7,journal of the          
,kingdom74          ,comicalities1      
,original and ,selected4                
,illustration3 ,,new ,,illustrations    
,,to ,,the ,,poets4--,,byron            
,shrine of the mighty6 can it be        
,that this is all remains of thee8      
,giaour1 #ajf4    ,illustration3        
,but in thy lineaments ,i trace         
,what time shall strengthen1 nor efface4
      ,giaour1 #aib4    ,,the ,,dog     
,,and ,,his ,,enemies1 ,,biped ,,and    
,,winged4    ,illustration3 ,,small     
,,juvenile 7with an eye to the ,reward  
for killing  ,dogs74--,doggy1 doggy1    
,here's a ,rat6 ,catch him--,stu-boy6   
,illustration3 ,,four ,,scenes ,,from   
,,the ,,life ,,of ,a ,,dog ,,in ,,the   
,,dog-,,days4          ,autumn          
,fashions4      ,illustration3 ,,figures
 #a ,,and #b4--,,walking ,,and ,,home   
,,toilet4    ,our report for ,october   
varies but little from that of          

,september1  style and texture being    
similar4 ,in the above engraving we give
  representations of very elegant modes 
of toilet for the promenade  and the    
parlor4 ,the figure with the bonnet     
shows a promenade toilet4  ,bonnet of   
lisse crape and tulle puffed4 ,it is    
covered with white lace1  reaching      
beyond the edge of the brim1 falling in 
front1 after what is  called the ,mary  
,stuart style4 ,the brim inside is      
trimmed on the one  hand with a tuft of 
roses mixed up with narrow white        
blondes2 and on  the other it has a     
feather of graduated shades1 which is   
placed outside  and then turns over the 
edge and comes inside near the cheek2   
strings  of white gauze ribbon4         
,barege dress1 trimmed with taffeta     
ribbons and fringes bordering the       
trimmings4 ,body lapping over1 the right
 on the left1 having a flat  lapel      
parallel to the edge4 ,the body is      
gathered at the waist1 on the           
shoulders1 and at the bottom of the     

back4 ,a ,no4 #bb ribbon forms a        
waistband1 and ties on the left side at 
the bottom of the lapels4 ,this  ribbon 
matches that used for the trimming of   
the dress4 ,the sleeve is  composed of  
four frills one over the other4 ,the    
skirt1 which is very  full1 has seven   
graduated flounces4 ,all are bordered   
with a narrow  fringe4 ,the lapel of the
 body1 the frills of the sleeves1 and   
flounces  of the skirts are ornamented  
with ribbons2 those on the body are ,no4
 #i1  those on the skirt ,no4 #ab4 ,on  
the lapels and sleeves the ,no4 #i      
ribbons  are placed at intervals of     
three inches4 ,on the flounces the ,no4 
#ab  ribbons1 #b-c_/d inches wide1 are  
placed further apart4 ,the white lace   
which replaces the habit-shirt follows  
the outline of the body4 ,the           
under-sleeve is composed of a large     
bouillonn of thin muslin1 tight  at the 
wrist1 but falling full over it in the  
shape of a bell4 ,two rows  of lace fall
 on the hand4    ,the other figure      

represents a ,,home ,,toilet4 ,taffeta  
redingote with  moire bands2 the moire  
trimmings are edged on each side with a 
taffeta biais1 rather under half an inch
 wide1 and which stands in  relief4 ,the
 joining of the biais and the moire is  
concealed by a  braid about the width of
 a lace4 ,a moire band with its edges   
trimmed  with biais follows the outline 
of the body4 ,three inches wide at  top1
 it narrows to half the width at the    
waist1 and is then continued  about     
#b-a_/b inches wide on the lappet4 ,the 
skirt is trimmed with five  moire bands 
with biais at their edges4 ,these bands 
are of graduated  width2 the top one is 
#h inches from the waist1 and two inches
 wide4  ,the interval between each one  
and the next is #d inches2 the lowest   
band1 which is #d inches wide1 is placed
 #b inches from the bottom of the       
skirt4 ,on the body there are two rows  
of moire and three on each  band of the 
skirt4 ,these gradually diverge toward  
the bottom4 ,these  last form a width of

 apron of #cb inches4 7,the posture of  
this figure  masks the right side of the
 skirt1 and consequently only the middle
  row and that on the left side are to  
be seen47 ,the sleeves1 half wide1  are 
terminated by a cuff turned up with     
moire and a biais on the  edge4 ,a row  
of white lace follows the outline of the
 body4 ,we see the  chemisette composed 
of a row of lace1 an insertion1 and     
round plaits  from top to bottom of thin
 muslin4 ,a muslin bouillon plaits4 ,all
 the  fullness is thrown behind1        
beginning at the side trimming4 ,the    
sleeve  is open behind1 ornamented with 
buttons1 and then edged with guipure4   
,a cardinal collar of ,venice guipure   
falls on the neck4 ,the under  sleeves  
are composed of two rows of white       
guipure following the  outline of the   
sleeve4    ,illustration3 ,,figure      
#c4--;,,girl',s ,,toilet4    ,,fig4 #c  
represents a pretty toilet for a girl   
from nine to eleven years  of age4 ,hair
 parted down the middle and rolled in   

plaits at the sides4  ,frock of white   
muslin4 ,short sleeves1 body low4 ,six  
small-pointed  flounces on the skirt4 ,a
 wide pink silk ribbon passed under the 
sleeve1  is tied at the top in a large  
bow1 so that the sleeve is drawn        
together  in it1 and leaves the shoulder
 visible4 ,a plain band runs along the  
top  of the body1 which is plaited      
lengthwise1 in very small plaits4       
,,fig4 #d represents a graceful cap for 
the parlor4 ,it is made of  guipure1    
ornamented with apple blossoms1 and     
having wide pale-green  silk ribbon bows
 and streamers4    ,this is a pleasant  
season for traveling1 after the         
equinoctial storms  have passed by4     
,appropriate dresses are very desirable4
 ,none is more so  than the foulard     
dress of a dark color1 with branches of 
foliage and  large bouquets of flowers4 
,the same may be said of valencia and   
poplin  de laine1 either with ,albanese 
stripes on a plain ground1 or a large   
plaid pattern4 ,a traveling dress should

 be made like a morning gown1  but not  
exactly2 for strings are put in         
underneath1 both before and  behind1 for
 the purpose of drawing it1 so as to    
form a pretty plaited  body when they   
are pulled tight4 ,over the gathers     
either a ribbon or a  band with a buckle
 must be added4 ,the body may be either 
low or high1  with a small collar having
 two rows of cambric plaited very fine1 
or  with a jaconet collar having open   
plaits1 or again with a ,charles ,v4    
collar1 made of frieze well starched and
 lustred4 ,the under sleeves  should be 
always in harmony with the collar4      
,illustration3 ,,figure #d4--;,,cap4    
,the bonnet is made half of straw1 half 
of taffeta4 ,the brim is straw  veined  
with black or mixed with aloes1 and the 
crown has a soft top  of ruffled        
taffeta1 with a bow of ribbon4 ,on this 
capote1 it is  indispensable to put a   
,cambrai lace vail1 that lace being at  
once  substantial1 light1 and rich in   
pattern4    ,as to the feet they are    

provided with boots of bronze leather1  
and  having low heels and button-holes  
in vandykes4    ,the gloves are ,swedish
 leather1 dark color1 as for instance   
,russia  leather1 iron-gray1 maroon1 or 
olive4    ,the traveling corset1 called 
the nonchalante1 is an article every way
  worthy of the name4 ,from its extreme 
elasticity and clever combination  it   
yields to every motion of the body1 and 
supports it without the  least          
compression or inconvenience4 ,this     
corset is therefore extremely  agreeable
 for travels4    ,as a general rule1    
round waists are daily gaining ground2  
but you  must not confound round waists 
with short waists3 for the former1 the  
dressmaker ought1 on the contrary1 to   
endeavor to make the sides as  long as  
possible1 and merely suppress the point 
in front4    ,vests are still worn1 but 
only to accompany linen and lace        
waistcoats4  ,the under-sleeves are     
always wide and floating2 the wrists are
  ornamented with ribbon bracelets      

matching the colors of the dress4       
,boots and shoes are both in very good  
wear4 ,the shoe is more suitable  for   
the carriage than for walking4 ,boots of
 bronze leather1 and of a  soft light   
color1 are much sought after by the more
 elegant ladies4  ,these boots have low 
heels1 and are fastened with enamel     
buttons of the  same color as the       
material of the boots4                  
,transcriber's ,notes3                  
,punctuation and spelling were made     
consistent when a predominant           
preference was found in this book2      
otherwise they were not changed4        
,simple typographical and spelling      
errors were corrected4     ,italics     
markup is denoted by underscores4