file which includes the original illustrations4 ,see #deeii-;h4htm or #deeii-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/cache_/epu b_/#deeii_/pg#deeii-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/files_/#de eii_/deeii-;h4zip7 ,transcriber's note3 ,text enclosed by underscores is in italics 7italics74 ,a ,,woman',s ,,hardy ,,garden 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,printer's ,mark4 ,,the ,,macmillan ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,boston ,,chicago ,,dallas ,,atlanta ,,san ,,francisco ,,macmillan ,,co41 ,,limited ,,london ,,bombay ,,calcutta ,,melbourne ,,the ,,macmillan ,,company ,,of ,,canada1 ,,limited ,,toronto 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,rose ,arch and ,garden ,walk4 ,from a water-color sketch by ,george ,b4 ,bartholomew4 ,a ,,woman',s ,,hardy ,,garden by ,,helena ,,rutherfurd ,,ely ,with ,illustrations from ,photographs ,taken in the ,author's ,garden by ,professor ,c4 ,f4 ,chandler ,new ,york ,the ,macmillan ,company ,london3 ,macmillan ,co41 ,ltd4 #aicj ,copyright1 #aijc1 ,by the ,macmillan ,company4 ,all rights reserved--no part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher4 ,set up and electrotyped4 ,published ,january1 #aijc4 ,printed in the ,united ,states of ,america by ,berwick ,smith ,co4 ,dedication ,,to ,,the ,,best ,,friend ,,of ,,my ,,garden1 ,,who1 ,,with ,,heart ,,and ,,hands1 ,,has ,,helped ,,to ,,make ,,it ,,what ,,it ,,is ,,preface ,this little book is only meant to tell briefly of a few shrubs1 hardy perennials1 biennials and annuals of simple culture4 ,i send it forth1 hoping that my readers may find within its pages some help to plant and make their gardens grow4 ,,meadowburn ,,farm ,october1 #aijb ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,,chapter ,,page ,i4 ,introduction #b ,,ii4 ,hardy ,gardening and ,preparation of the ,soil #i ,,iii4 ,laying ,out a ,garden and ,borders ,around a ,house #ai ,,iv4 ,how to ,plant a ,small ,plot #ce ,v4 ,the ,seed-bed #eg ,,vi4 ,planting #fe ,,vii4 ,annuals #ge ,,viii4 ,perennials #ic ,,ix4 ,biennials and a ,few ,bedding-out ,plants #aag ,x4 ,roses #abe ,,xi4 ,lilies #aci ,,xii4 ,spring-flowering ,bulbs #adi ,,xiii4 ,shrubs #aei ,,xiv4 ,water1 ,walks1 ,lawns1 ,box-,edgings1 ,sun-dial and ,pergola #aga ,,xv4 ,insecticides4 ,tool-room #ahi ,,xvi4 ,conclusion #bjc ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations ,,facing ,,page ,rose arch and garden walk ,frontispiece ,from a water-color sketch made by ,george ,d4 ,bartholomew ,garden gate1 with ,japanese gourds #a ,september twenty-ninth ,broad grass walk #e ,august twenty-fifth ,a shady garden walk #ab ,may thirty-first ,asters blooming in a border #af ,september fifteenth ,a clump of ,valerian #ai ,june sixth ,rhododendron maximum and ,ferns along north side of house1 with ,ampelopsis ,veitchii #bc ,july fourth ,arch over ,rose-walk covered with ,golden ,honeysuckle and ,clematis paniculata #bf ,september fifteenth ,rhododendron maximum under a cherry tree #cj ,july fourth ,vase of ,delphinium 7,perennial ,larkspur7 #cc ,june twenty-first ,vase of ,peonies #ci ,june sixth ,lilium speciosum rubrum #db ,september fifteenth ,vase of ,altheas #dh ,september sixteenth ,planting on the edge of lawn #ea ,august second ,asters in rows for picking #ee ,august twenty-fifth ,foxgloves--seedlings ready for final transplanting #eh ,september twenty-ninth ,long grass walk1 with ,narcissus ,poeticus blooming in the border #fb ,april twenty-sixth ,long grass walk1 with ,peonies in the border #fe ,june sixth ,long grass walk1 with ,foxgloves blossoming in the border #fg ,june thirteenth ,long grass walk1 with ,hydrangeas2 ,rudbeckias in background #gh ,august twenty-fifth ,a single plant of ,asters #hj ,september tenth ,poppies growing in rows #hc ,july fourteenth ,a bowl of ,cosmos #hg ,september twenty-ninth ,a mass of ,phlox2 ,rudbeckias in the background #ij ,august second ,hollyhocks in blossom #id ,july twelfth ,a single plant of ,delphinium 7,perennial ,larkspur7 #ig ,june twenty-first ,yuccas in blossom #ajc ,july twelfth ,bed of ,peonies1 on edge of lawn #ajf ,june sixth ,a single plant of ,phlox #aab ,august twenty-fifth ,vase of ,canterbury ,bells #aae ,june twenty-first ,a single plant of ,foxgloves1 ,white ,sweet ,william in front #aai ,june thirteenth ,vase of ,foxgloves #abb ,june fourteenth ,summer-house covered with ,clematis and ,crimson ,rambler ,roses #abf ,june twenty-first ,rose bed carpeted with ,pansies #abi ,june twenty-first ,canterbury ,bells blooming in a border #acc ,june twenty-first ,lilium auratum growing behind ,peonies and ,columbines that bloomed earlier #adj ,august tenth ,vase of ,lilium auratum #add ,august second ,vase of ,lilium speciosum album and rubrum #adg ,september sixth ,garden arch1 covered with ,japanese ,gourds #aea ,august twenty-seventh ,vase of ,phlox2 single blossoms actual size #aed ,august second ,spira ,van ,houttei #aeh ,may thirty-first ,hydrangea paniculata grandiflora #afa ,august twenty-sixth ,vase of ,hydrangea paniculata grandiflora #afe ,september tenth ,vase of double ,hardy ,sunflowers 7,helianthus multiflorus plenus7 #agb ,september fifteenth ,vase of ,monkshood #agf ,september thirtieth ,sun-dial in center of formal garden #agi ,august second ,the ,pergola 7first summer7 #aij ,august twenty-fifth ,tritoma 7,red-,hot ,poker ,plant7 #aig ,september twenty-eighth ,bringing in the flowers #bjd ,september sixth ,illustration3 ,garden gate1 with ,japanese gourds ,september twenty-ninth ,,introduction ,,chapter ,i ,,introduction ,love of flowers and all things green and growing is with many men and women a passion so strong that it often seems to be a sort of primal instinct1 coming down through generation after generation1 from the first man who was put into a garden to dress it and to keep it4 ,people whose lives1 and those of their parents before them1 have been spent in dingy tenements1 and whose only garden is a rickety soap-box high up on a fire-escape1 share this love1 which must have a plant to tend1 with those whose gardens cover acres and whose plants have been gathered from all the countries of the world4 ,how often in summer1 when called to town1 and when driving through the squalid streets to the ferries or riding on the elevated road1 one sees these gardens of the poor4 ,sometimes they are only a ,geranium or two1 or the gay ,petunia4 ,often a tall ,sunflower1 or a ,tomato plant red with fruit4 ,these efforts tell of the love for the growing things1 and of the care that makes them live and blossom against all odds4 ,one feels a thrill of sympathy with the owners of the plants1 and wishes that some day their lot may be cast in happier places1 where they too may have gardens to tend4 ,illustration3 ,broad grass walk ,august twenty-fifth ,it has always seemed to me that the punishment of the first gardener and his wife was the bitterest of all4 ,to have lived always in a garden where grew every tree pleasant to the sight and good for food1 to have known no other place1 and then to have been driven forth into the great world without hope of returning6 ,oh6 ,eve1 had you not desired wisdom1 your happy children might still be tilling the soil of that blessed ,eden4 ,the first woman longed for knowledge1 as do her daughters of to-day4 ,when the serpent said that eating of the forbidden fruit would make them as gods1 what wonder that ,eve forgot the threatening command to leave untouched the ,tree of ,life1 and1 burning to be wise1 ate of the fateful apple and gave it to her ,adam8 ,and then1 to leave the lovely place at the loveliest of all times in a garden1 the cool of the day6 ,faint sunset hues tinting the sky1 the night breeze gently stirring the trees1 ,lilies and ,roses giving their sweetest perfume1 brilliant ,venus mounting her accustomed path1 while the sleepy twitter of the birds alone breaks the silence4 ,then the voice of wrath1 the ,cherubim1 the turning flaming sword6 ,through trials and tribulations and hardly learned patience1 ,i have gained some of the secrets of many of our best hardy flowering plants and shrubs4 ,many friends have asked me to tell them when to plant or transplant1 when to sow this or that seed1 and how to prepare the beds and borders2 in fact1 this has occurred so often that it has long been in my mind to write down what ,i know of hardy gardening1 that other women might be helped to avoid the experiments and mistakes ,i have made1 which only served to cause delay4 ,but just this please write it down1 while sounding so easy and presenting to the mind such a fascinating picture of a well-printed1 well-illustrated and prettily bound book on the garden1 is quite a different matter to one who has never written4 ,when you diffidently try to explain the chaos in your brain1 family and friends say1 ,oh6 never mind2 just begin4 ,that often-quoted premier pas6 ,to-day is the first snow-storm of the winter1 and1 while sitting by the fireside1 my thoughts are so upon my garden1 wondering if this or that will survive1 and whether the plants remember me1 that it seems as though to-day ,i could try that first dreaded step4 ,living all my life1 six months and sometimes more of each year1 in the country1--real country on a large farm1--,i have from childhood been more than ordinarily interested in gardening4 ,surrounded from babyhood with horses and dogs1 my time as a little girl was spent out of doors1 and whenever ,i could escape from a patient governess1 whose eyes early became sad because of the difficulties of her task1 ,i was either riding a black pony of wicked temper1 or was to be found in a lovely garden with tall ,arborvit hedges and ,box-edged walks1 in the company of an old gardener1 one of my very best friends1 who for twenty years ruled master and mistress1 as well as garden and graperies4 ,under this old gardener1 ,i learned1 even as a child1 to bud ,roses and fruit trees1 and watched the transplanting of seedlings and making of slips2 watched1 too1 the trimming of grape-vines1 fruit trees and shrubs2 so that while still very young ,i knew more than many an older person of practical garden work4 ,then1 as ,i grew older1 the interests of a gay girl1 and1 later1 the claims of early married life and the care of two fat and fascinating babies1 absorbed my time and thoughts to the exclusion of the garden4 ,but as the babies grew into a big boy and girl1 the garden came to the front again1 and1 for more than a dozen years now1 it has been my joy1--joy in summer when watching the growth and bloom1 and joy in winter when planning for the spring and summer's work4 ,there is pleasure even in making lists1 reading catalogues of plants and seeds1 and wondering whether this year my flowers will be like the pictured ones1 and always1 in imagination1 seeing how the sleeping plants will look when robed in fullest beauty4 ,,hardy ,,gardening ,,and ,,the ,,preparation ,,of ,,the ,,soil ,,chapter ,,ii ,,hardy ,,gardening ,,and ,,the ,,preparation ,,of ,,the ,,soil ,it has not been all success4 ,i have had to learn the soil and the location best suited to each plant2 to know when each bloomed and which lived best together4 ,mine is a garden of bulbs1 annuals1 biennials and hardy perennials2 in addition to which there are ,cannas1 ,dahlias and ,gladioli1 whose roots can be stored1 through the winter1 in a cellar4 ,all the rest of the garden goes gently to sleep in the autumn1 is well covered up about ,thanksgiving time1 and slumbers quietly through the winter2 until1 with the first spring rains and sunny days1 the plants seem fairly to bound into life again1 and the never-ceasing miracle of nature is repeated before our wondering eyes4 ,i have no glass on my place1 not even a cold-frame or hot-bed4 ,everything is raised in the open ground1 except the few bedding plants mentioned whose roots are stored through the winter4 ,therefore1 mine can truly be called a hardy garden1 and is the only one ,i know at all approaching it in size and quantity of flowers raised1 where similar conditions exist4 ,illustration3 ,a shady garden walk ,may thirty-first ,i have observed that1 with few exceptions1 the least success with hardy perennials is found in the gardens of those of my friends whose gardeners are supposed to be the best1 because paid the most4 ,these men will grow wonderful ,roses1 ,orchids1 ,carnations1 ,grapes1 etc41 under glass1 and will often have fine displays of ,rhododendrons4 ,but to most of them the perennial or biennial plant1 the old friend blossoming in the same place year after year1 is an object unworthy of cultivation4 ,their souls rejoice in the bedding-out plant1 which must be yearly renewed1 and which is beautiful for so short a time1 dying with the early frost1 ,i was astounded last summer on visiting several fine places1 where the gardeners were considered masters of their art1 to see the poor planting of perennials and annuals4 ,i recall particularly two ,italian gardens1 perfectly laid out by landscape gardeners1 but which amounted to nothing because the planting was insufficient1--here a ,phlox1 there a ,lily1 then a ,rose1 with perhaps a ,larkspur or a ,marigold1 all rigidly set out in single plants far apart1 with nothing in masses1 and no colour effects4 ,to attain success in growth1 as well as in effect1 plants must be so closely set that when they are developed no ground is to be seen4 ,if so placed1 their foliage shades the earth1 and moisture is retained4 ,in a border planted in this way1 individual plants are far finer than those which1 when grown1 are six inches or a foot apart4 ,first of all in gardening1 comes the preparation of the soil4 ,give the plants the food they need and plenty of water1 and the blessed sunlight will do the rest4 ,it is wonderful what can be done with a small space1 and how from ,april to ,november there can always be a mass of bloom4 ,i knew of one woman's garden1 in a small country town1--house and ground only covering a lot hardly fifty by one hundred feet1--where1 with the help of a man to work for her one day in the week and perhaps for a week each spring and fall1 she raises immense quantities of flowers1 both perennials and annuals4 ,for six months of the year she has always a dozen vases full in the house1 and plenty to give away4 ,more than half the time her little garden supplies flowers for the church1 while others in the same village owning large places and employing several men have really no flowers4 ,i remember returning once from a two weeks' trip1 to find that my entire crop of ,asters had been destroyed by a beetle4 ,it was a horrid black creature about an inch long1 which appeared in swarms1 devoured all the plants and then disappeared1 touching nothing else4 ,such a thing had never before happened in my garden4 ,one of the men had sprayed them with both slug-shot and kerosene emulsion to no effect1--and so no ,asters4 ,my friend with the little garden heard me bemoaning my loss1 and the next day sent me1 over the five intervening miles1 a hamper--almost a small clothes-basket--full of the beautiful things4 ,it quite took my breath away4 ,i wondered how she could do it1 and thought she must have given me every one she had4 ,yet1 upon driving over in hot haste to pour out thanks and regrets1 lo6 there were ,asters all a-blow in such quantities in her garden that it seemed as if none had been gathered4 ,except by the sea-coast1 our dry summers1 with burning sun and1 in many places1 frequent absence of dew1 are terribly hard on a garden2 but with deep1 rich soil1 and plenty of water and proper care1 it will yield an almost tropical growth4 ,therefore1 whenever a bed or border is to be made1 make it right4 ,unless one is willing to take the trouble properly to prepare the ground1 there is no use in expecting success in gardening4 ,i have but one rule3 stake out the bed1 and then dig out the entire space two feet in depth4 ,often stones will be found requiring the strength and labor of several men1 with crowbars and levers1 to remove them2 often there will be rocks that require blasting4 ,stones and earth being all removed1 put a foot of well-rotted manure in the bottom2 then fill up with alternate layers1 about four inches each1 of the top soil1 taken out of the first foot dug up1 and of manure4 ,fill the bed or border very full1 as it will sink with the disintegration of the manure4 ,finish off the top with three inches of soil4 ,then it is ready for planting4 ,if the natural soil is stiff or clayey1 put it in a heap and mix with one-fourth sand1 to lighten it1 before returning to the bed4 ,thus prepared1 it will retain moisture1 and not pack and become hard4 ,illustration3 ,asters blooming in a border ,september fifteenth ,,laying ,,out ,a ,,garden ,,and ,,borders ,,around ,,the ,,house ,illustration3 ,a clump of ,valerian ,june sixth ,,chapter ,,iii ,,laying ,,out ,a ,,garden ,,and ,,borders ,,around ,,the ,,house ,perplexities assail a would-be gardener on every side1 from the day it is decided to start a garden4 ,the most attractive books on the subject are ,english2 and yet1 beyond the suggestions for planting1 and the designs given in the illustrations1 not much help is to be derived in this latitude from following their directions4 ,in ,england the climate1 which is without great extremes of heat and cold1 and the frequent rains1 with the soft moist atmosphere1 not only enable the ,english gardener to accomplish what would be impossible for us1 but permit him to grow certain flowers out of doors that here must be housed in the winter4 ,daffodils and ,narcissi bloom in ,england1 near the coast1 at the end of ,february and early in ,march1--,lilies-of-the-,valley in ,march4 ,many ,roses live out of doors that would perish here during our winters4 ,gardening operations are begun there much earlier than in this part1 at least1 of the ,united ,states1 and many of the methods for culture differ from those employed here4 ,in ,england there is excess of moisture2 therefore1 care in securing good drainage is essential1 while here1 except in low places near streams1 special provision for drainage is rarely necessary4 ,it is more important to have a deep1 rich preparation of the soil1 so that plants may not be dried out4 ,a serious part of the gardener's work during the average summer consists in judicious watering of the garden4 ,one writer will say that this or that plant should have sun1 another that it does best in the shade4 ,one advocates a rich soil1 another a light sandy soil2 so that after all1 in gardening1 as in all else in life1 experience is the best teacher1 either your own or that of others who have already been successful under similar conditions4 ,a garden is almost sure to be gradually increased in size1 and its capacity limited only by the grounds of the owner and his pocket-book4 ,the possibilities and capabilities of a couple of acres are great1 and will give the owner unlimited pleasure and occupation4 ,individuality is one of the most marked of ,american characteristics2 hence1 in making a place1 whether it is big or little1 the tastes and individuality of the owner will generally direct his efforts1 and no hard and fast rules can be given4 ,in starting a garden1 the first question1 of course1 is where to plant4 ,if you are a beginner in the art1 and the place is new and large1 go to a good landscape gardener and let him give advice and make you a plan4 ,but don't follow it2 at least not at once1 nor all at one time4 ,live there for a while1 until you yourself begin to feel what you want1 and where you want it4 ,see all the gardens and places you can1 and then1 when you know what you want1 or think you do1 start in4 ,the relation of house to grounds must always be borne in mind1 and simplicity in grounds should correspond with that of the house4 ,a craze for ,italian gardens is seizing upon people generally1 regardless of the architecture of their houses4 ,to my mind1 an ,italian garden1 with its balustrades1 terraces1 fountains and statues1 is as inappropriate for surrounding a colonial or an ordinary country house as would be a ,louis ,,xv drawing-room in a farm-house4 ,illustration3 ,rhododendron maximum and ,ferns along north side of house1 with ,ampelopsis ,veitchii ,july fourth ,what is beautiful in one place becomes incongruous and ridiculous in another4 ,not long ago1 a woman making an afternoon visit asked me to show her the gardens4 ,daintily balancing herself upon slippers with the highest possible heels1 clad in a costume appropriate only for a fte at ,newport1 she strolled about4 ,she thought it all quite lovely and really1 very nice1 but1 at least ten times1 while making the tour1 wondered ,why in the world don't you have an ,italian garden8 ,no explanation of the lack of taste that such a garden would indicate in connection with the house1 had any effect4 ,the simple1 formal gardens of a hundred years ago1 with ,box-edged paths1 borders and regular ,box-edged beds1 are always beautiful1 never become tiresome1 and have the additional merit of being appropriate either to the fine country-place or the simple cottage4 ,illustration3 ,plan for a ,small ,plot ,for a small plot of ground1 like the one before mentioned1 the plan of which is on page #bd1 the matter is simple1 because of the natural limitations4 ,i love to see a house bedded1 as it were1 in flowers4 ,this is particularly suitable for the usual ,american country house1 colonial in style1 or low and rambling4 ,make a bed perhaps four feet wide along three sides of the house1--south1 east and west4 ,close against the house plant the vines4 ,every one has an individual taste in vines1--more so1 perhaps1 than in any other ornamental growth4 ,if the house be of stone1 and the climate not too severe1 nothing is more beautiful than the ,english ,ivy4 ,it flourishes as far north as ,princeton1 ,new ,jersey4 ,i have never grown it1 fearing it would be winter-killed4 ,ampelopsis ,veitchii1 sometimes called ,boston ,ivy1 grows rapidly1 clinging closely to the wall and turning a dark red in the autumn1 and is most satisfactory4 ,the ,virginia ,creeper1 and the ,trumpet ,creeper1 with its scarlet flowers1 are both beautiful1 perfectly hardy1 and of rapid growth4 ,all of these vines cling to stone and wood1 and1 beyond a little help for the first two or three feet1 need not be fastened to the house4 ,care must be taken to prevent the vines growing too thickly to admit sun and air to the house4 ,if the house be of wood1 the question of repainting must be considered4 ,both the ,white and the ,purple ,wistaria1 which can be twined about heavy wire and fastened at the eaves1 ,rambler ,roses and ,honeysuckles may be grown4 ,they can be laid down1 to permit painting4 ,but1 if the house be of wood and well covered with vines1 put off the evil day of painting until it can be deferred no longer1 and then have it done early in ,november4 ,never1 never permit it to be done in the spring1 or before ,november1 unless you would take the risk of killing the vines or of losing at least a season's growth4 ,the house surrounded by my gardens is colonial1 something over a hundred and fifty years old1 stern and very simple4 ,tall locusts1 towering above the roof1 and vines that cover it from ground to eaves1 have taken away its otherwise puritanical and somewhat uncompromising aspect4 ,these vines are mostly the ordinary ,virginia ,creeper1 which ,i had dug from the woods and planted when the first fat baby was two months old4 ,now their main trunks are1 in places1 as large as my arm4 ,they have never been laid down4 ,whenever the house has been repainted1 ,i have been constantly by1 and admonished the men to gently lift the heavy branches while painting under them1 and not to paint the light tendrils4 ,when the master-painter has remonstrated1 that it was not a good job and took three times as long as if the vines were laid down1 my reply has been1 that three times was nothing in comparison with the years it had taken to grow them1 and that stunting or killing the vines could never be a good job4 ,illustration3 ,arch over rose-walk1 covered with ,golden ,honeysuckle and ,clematis paniculata4 ,september fifteenth ,among the creepers are the ,crimson ,rambler ,rose and the ,honeysuckle4 ,in three years the ,roses have grown above the second-story windows4 ,clematis paniculata1 with its delicate foliage and mass of starry bloom in early autumn1 is particularly good to plant by veranda posts in connection with other vines4 ,it grows luxuriantly and is absolutely hardy4 ,the large white-flowered ,henryi and purple-flowered ,jackmani ,clematis1 though of slow growth1 should always have a place1 either about a veranda1 a summer-house or a trellis1 for the sake of their beautiful flowers4 ,while waiting for the hardy vines to make their first year's growth1 the seeds of the ,japanese ,morning-,glory1 the ,japanese ,moonflower and ,coboea scandens may be planted4 ,all of these will grow at least ten feet in a summer1 and cover the bare places4 ,but ,i would not advise sowing them among the hardy vines1 except the first summer4 ,in their luxuriance they may suffocate the ,roses and ,clematis4 ,the seeds of the ,moonflower must be soaked in hot water1 and left over night1 before sowing4 ,so much for the vines about a house4 ,in front of the vines1 and on the south side in the same bed1 plant masses of ,hollyhocks1 from eight to twelve in a bunch1 and ,rudbeckia in bunches of not more than five1 as they grow so large4 ,hollyhocks and ,rudbeckias plant two feet apart2 they will grow to a solid mass4 ,in front of these1 again1 put a clump of ,phloxes1 seven in a bunch1 and ,larkspur1 ,delphinium formosum being the best4 ,on either side of the ,delphinium have clumps of about a dozen ,lilium candidum1 which bloom at the same time4 ,edge the border with ,sweet ,williams1 three kinds only1--white1 pink and dark scarlet4 ,i should not advise making all the borders around a house alike4 ,the easterly one will be most lovely if planted with tall ferns or brakes1 taken from near some stream in early ,april1 before they begin to grow4 ,these will become about four feet high if you get good roots and keep them wet4 ,plant in among them everywhere ,auratum ,lilies1 and you will have a border that will fill your heart with joy4 ,on the north side of the house it is not possible to have much success with vines1 as they need the sun4 ,they will grow1 but not with great luxuriance4 ,here plant two rows of the common ,rhododendron maximum1 which grows in our woods4 ,i crave pardon for calling it common1 since none that grows is more beautiful4 ,in front of these plant ferns of all kinds from the woods1 and edge the border with ,columbines4 ,if these ,rhododendrons do not grow in your vicinity1 they can be ordered from a florist4 ,in the hills1 about five miles from us1 acres of them grow wild1 and twice a year ,i send my men with wagons to dig them up4 ,they stand transplanting perfectly if care is taken to get all the roots1 which is not difficult1 as they do not grow deep4 ,keep them quite wet for a week after planting1 and never let them get very dry4 ,a good plan is to mulch them in early ,june to the depth of six inches or more with the clippings of the lawn grass1 or with old manure4 ,when once well rooted1 the ,rhododendrons will last a lifetime4 ,they seem to bear transplanting at any season4 ,some think they do best if taken when in full bloom4 ,i have always done this in ,april or late ,october1 and1 of a wagon-load transplanted last ,october1 all have lived4 ,many of these were like trees1 quite eight feet tall and too large to be satisfactory about the house1 so they were set among the evergreens in a shrubbery4 ,illustration3 ,rhododendron maximum under a ,cherry tree ,july fourth ,in cold localities1 where the thermometer in winter falls below zero1 ,rhododendrons should be mulched with stable litter or leaves to the depth of one foot1 after the ground has frozen4 ,they should also have some protection from the winter sun1 which can be easily given them by setting evergreen boughs of any kind into the ground here and there among them4 ,rhododendrons are as likely to be killed by alternate freezing and thawing of the ground in winter as by summer drought4 ,the lovely ,azalea mollis1 and many beautiful varieties of imported ,rhododendrons1 are usually described as hardy1 but ,i cannot recommend them to those who live where the winters are severe4 ,in such places their growth is very slow1 and many perish4 ,maidenhair1 the most beautiful of the hardy ferns1 is to be found in quantities in many of our woods1 particularly those covering hillsides4 ,their favorite spot is along the edges of mountain brooks4 ,i know such a hillside1 where ,maidenhair ,ferns are superb4 ,but nothing would induce me to venture there again1 since ,i have been told it was infested with rattlesnakes1 and that the woodchoppers kill a number of them every year4 ,this fact1 too1 gives me scruples about sending the men to dig them up1 although it is an awful temptation4 ,all ferns should be transplanted late in the autumn1 or very early in the spring before the fronds are started1 as they are very easily broken4 ,this is particularly the case with ferns from wet places4 ,when planted on the east or north side of a house1 the tall ones at the back1 and ,maidenhair and other low varieties in front1 they make a beautiful bank of cool green4 ,they must be kept moist1 however1 to be successful1 and in dry weather require a daily soaking4 ,illustration3 ,vase of ,delphinium 7,perennial ,larkspur7 ,june twenty-first ,the ,cardinal ,flower1 whose natural haunt is along the banks of streams1 and whose spikes are of the most beautiful red1 can also be safely transplanted1 and will bloom in deep1 rich soil equally well in shade or sun and will be very effective among the ,ferns4 ,about the end of ,november1 after cutting the dead stalks1 cover each plant with a piece of sod1 laid grass-side down4 ,remove this the first of ,april1 and the little sprouts will soon appear above the ground4 ,cardinal ,flowers bloom for nearly a month--during the last two weeks of ,august and first two weeks of ,september4 ,,how ,,to ,,plant ,a ,,small ,,plot ,,chapter ,,iv ,,how ,,to ,,plant ,a ,,small ,,plot ,i am frequently surprised to hear people say1 ,oh1 a flower garden is very nice1 but such a trouble6 ,i have heard this expression several times from friends who employ a number of men and have large places with extensive lawns1 shrubberies and vegetable gardens1 but without flowers1 except1 perhaps1 a few annuals growing among the vegetables4 ,yet no one is indifferent to the beauty of garden1 or unobservant of the improvement which even a few flowers can make around the humblest cottage4 ,think of the pretty thatched cottages one sees everywhere in ,england and ,france1 covered to the eaves with ,roses and ,clematis1 and surrounded by flowers growing wherever they can find root in the tiny gardens4 ,yet all this is the result of only a half hour's daily care after the long day's work is done4 ,one should begin with a few plants--perhaps a dozen only--and the trouble will soon become a delight1 unless one is devoid of all love for flowers4 ,illustration3 ,vase of ,peonies ,june sixth ,whenever ,i hear remarks on the trouble of a flower garden1 ,i think of those peasant homes1 and also of a little plot grown and cared for by a certain tenant farmer's wife ,i know4 ,she has six children1 and must cook and bake and clean for four men in addition2 yet1 some time every day1 she finds a few minutes to tend her flowers4 ,she has a border along the fence four by fifty feet1 filled with perennials2 a border across the front of her house with ,phlox and ,funkias1 and a couple of beds with ,asters1 ,poppies1 ,balsams1 ,portulaca and ,pinks4 ,the perennials were given her1 a few at a time4 ,she separated the roots1 saved the seeds to raise others1 and has been able in this way to increase her borders4 ,the seeds of the few annuals she buys do not cost more than a dollar a year4 ,thus1 for a trifling expenditure and a short time every day1 this woman makes her humble surroundings beautiful1 while her soul finds an object upon which to expend its love of beauty1 and her thoughts have a respite from the daily cares of life4 ,many people have the mistaken idea that a flower garden1 however small1 is an expensive luxury1 and are so convinced of this1 that they never venture any attempt at gardening1 and pass their lives knowing nothing of its pleasures4 ,let us suppose some one is starting a suburban home in a simple way1 and see how flowers can be had for many months at small cost4 ,if one has a place in a town or village1 the plot of ground not over fifty by two hundred feet1 still the possibilities are great1 and the owner can easily gather flowers for herself and her friends from ,april until mid-,november4 ,a house or cottage on such a piece of ground generally stands back from twenty to fifty feet1 with a gravel or flagged walk running to the street4 ,if the owner be a beginner in gardening and expects to do most of the work herself1 let her commence with a few plants in a small space4 ,as the plants thrive and become beautiful1 the care of them will give an added pleasure to life1 and1 little by little1 the beds and borders can be increased4 ,in beginning to plant a small plot1 the most natural place first is a border1 say two feet wide1 on either side of the walk leading from the house to the street4 ,have these borders dug out and made properly4 ,then1 if the owner wishes to see them continually abloom1 bulbs must be planted1 to give the early spring flowers4 ,tulips can be had for eighty cents a hundred1 ,narcissus ,poeticus for sixty-five cents a hundred1 and ,yellow ,daffodils for one dollar and twenty-five cents a hundred4 ,hyacinths are more expensive1 and cost from four dollars a hundred up4 ,if a hundred each of the ,tulips1 ,narcissi1 ,hyacinths and ,daffodils were planted they would make the borders lovely from early in ,april until late in ,may4 ,the ,daffodils will bloom first1 then the ,hyacinths1 followed by the ,narcissi1 and the ,tulips last1 if care is taken to buy a late variety4 ,there should certainly be three or four ,peonies in the borders1--pink1 white1 and dark red2 good roots of these can be had for about thirty-five cents each4 ,once planted1 they should not be disturbed for years2 and1 although the first season they may not yield more than two or three blossoms1 in each succeeding year the flowers will increase in number4 ,a friend told me1 not long ago1 that she had counted sixty blossoms upon each of several of her plants4 ,there should also be at least a dozen ,columbines 7,aquilegias7 to bloom the end of ,may and the first of ,june4 ,the roots of these can be bought for a dollar and a half a dozen1 or they can be raised from seed2 in the latter case1 however1 they would not bloom until the second year1 being perennials4 ,no border can be complete without ,delphiniums 7,larkspur74 ,good-sized roots of the ,delphinium formosum1 lovely dark blue1 are a dollar and twenty-five cents a dozen4 ,formosum ,coelistina1 the light blue variety1 is two dollars and a half a dozen4 ,then1 of course1 there must be other perennials1--,phlox1 at least a dozen plants in the different colours1 which will cost a dollar and a half4 ,a few ,lilies will add greatly to the beauty of the borders4 ,tiger ,lilies1 which are only sixty cents a dozen2 ,auratums1 which can be had from eighty-five cents a dozen up1 according to the size of the bulbs2 ,speciosum rubrum from eighty-five cents a dozen up1 and ,candidums1 or ,madonna ,lilies1 a dollar and a half a dozen4 ,german ,iris1 a dollar a dozen1 and ,japanese ,iris1 at a dollar and a quarter a dozen1 should also have a place4 ,illustration3 ,lilium speciosum rubrum ,september fifteenth ,excellent ,gladioli can be bought for a dollar and fifty cents a hundred1 and these will be most satisfactory if planted in the border about ,may fifteenth in groups of six to ten4 ,a dozen ,chrysanthemums of the hardiest varieties to be obtained1 and costing a dollar and a half a dozen1 will1 with the other plants mentioned1 about fill two borders two feet wide by thirty long4 ,it would also be well to sow the seeds of some ,calendulas1 ,nasturtiums and ,asters wherever there may be a vacant place4 ,or better1 perhaps1 sow the seeds in boxes in mid-,april1 and transplant to the border the early part of ,june4 ,the first cost will be the only expense for these borders1 except in the case of the ,auratum ,lilies1 which will die out in about three years1 and of the few flower seeds4 ,the only care needed is to keep the borders free from weeds1 to stir the soil every week1 and to water after sunset in dry weather4 ,it will be seen1 from the following list1 that such borders can easily be made and planted at a cost of less than thirty dollars4 ,this can be reduced by omitting the ,hyacinths4 ,directions for planting are given elsewhere4 ,,price ,tulips #j #hj ,narcissi #fe ,daffodils #a #be ,hyacinths #d #jj ,peonies #a #dj ,columbines #a #ej ,delphinium ,formosum #a #be ,delphinium ,coelestina #b #ej ,phlox #a #ej ,tiger ,lilies #fj ,auratum #he ,lilium rubrum #he ,lilium candidum #a #ej ,japanese ,iris #a #be ,iris ,germanica #a #jj ,chrysanthemums #a #ej ,flower seeds #a #jj ,three days' work1 at #a4ej per day #d #ej ,manure #a #ej ------ ,total #bi #dj ,after a year or two1 the owner of the cottage may want to increase the flower garden1 and the next place to plant is close about the house4 ,it is to be taken for granted that the house and piazzas have the proper gutters4 ,this is necessary1 of course1 for the preservation of the house1 and without gutters the drip from the eaves would be such that nothing could grow directly against the house4 ,the bed might be three feet wide and run across the front of the house on either side of the steps4 ,the owner would probably wish to plant vines over the porch or piazza1 in case it has not already been done4 ,the best for this purpose are mentioned elsewhere4 ,should the house front the south1 east or west1 nearly everything can be grown2 but should it face the north1 nothing but ,ferns and ,rhododendrons would be successful on the front4 ,dahlias of the ,cactus variety1 in different colours1 could be planted at the back of the bed on one side of the steps4 ,get good-sized roots1 plant them two feet apart4 ,they will grow against the house like a tall hedge4 ,if planted the third week in ,april quite deep1 say eight inches1 they will begin to bloom about the sixth of ,july1 and continue to be covered with flowers until killed by frost4 ,in front of the ,dahlias1 plant white ,phlox4 ,in front of the ,phlox sow a row of ,centaurea or ,cornflowers1 the ,emperor ,william variety4 ,these should be sown early in ,april1 will begin to bloom by ,june tenth1 and1 if they are not allowed to go to seed1 will blossom all summer4 ,sow in front of the ,cornflowers1 at the same time1 a row of white ,candytuft1 of the ,empress variety4 ,this also will bloom continuously if the flowers are cut as soon as they wither4 ,on the other side of the steps1 at the back of the bed1 plant ,rudbeckia 7,golden ,glow7 two feet apart4 ,the roots should be bought and planted1 preferably in ,october1 otherwise as soon as the frost is out of the ground in the spring1 as they start very early4 ,in front of the ,rudbeckias plant ,cannas--the ,tarrytown1 of most vivid scarlet hue1 ,i have found the best and freest-flowering of all4 ,the roots should be planted about ,may fifteenth4 ,on the edge of the bed1 sow by ,april fifteenth a row of salmon-pink ,zinnias1 and when they are well up1 thin out to six inches apart4 ,they begin to blossom when very small1 and will stand considerable frost4 ,the expense of these beds will be trifling4 ,rudbeckias of the ,golden ,glow variety1 one dollar a dozen2 the ,tarrytown ,canna1 two dollars and a half a dozen2 ,cactus ,dahlias1 two dollars a dozen2 ,phlox1 one dollar and a half a dozen4 ,the small quantity of flower seeds required will cost less than a dollar4 ,a man can easily make the beds in three days4 ,therefore1 the cost with manure will be less than fifteen dollars4 ,after a hard frost has killed the tops1 the ,dahlias1 ,cannas and ,gladioli should be taken up1 the tops cut off1 the roots well dried1 and then stored in a cellar that does not freeze4 ,the ,canna and ,dahlia roots will have grown so large that they can be divided and it will be found that there are enough to plant1 the following spring1 nearly twice the space they occupied before4 ,it is impossible1 if successful with the borders already planned1 for the owner not to wish for more garden4 ,she sees the neighbors' gardens with newly opened eyes2 flowers and their treatment become an absorbing topic of conversation1 and the exchange of plants a delightful transaction4 ,illustration3 ,vase of ,altheas ,september sixteenth ,it will be seen that the next places to plant are along the boundary lines of the property4 ,even if one side only be laid out at a time1 a large number of plants will be required4 ,the owner will find great pleasure in raising as many of these herself as possible4 ,to accomplish this1 somewhere at the back of the place1 a seed-bed should be made1 and in ,april the seeds of perennials and annuals sown4 ,the border must be made by ,september the twentieth and should be at least four feet wide4 ,either a hedge can be placed at the back of the border1 or tall-growing flowering shrubs1 such as white and purple ,lilacs 7not the ,persian71 ,mock ,oranges 7,syringa71 ,deutzia and ,roses of ,sharon 7,althea74 ,these shrubs will grow about equally high1 yield an abundance of flowers1 the ,altheas in ,august1 the others in ,may or ,june1 and in four or five years will form a complete screen from the neighboring grounds4 ,in front of the shrubs perennials can be planted1 taller ones at the back1 lower-growing ones in front1 and annuals along the edge4 ,such a border1 if from fifty to a hundred feet in length1 will be a garden by itself4 ,the plants will do best if closely set1 and every vacant space filled in ,june with annuals4 ,weeds then have little chance to grow1 and a short time every day will keep such a border in order4 ,the border can be of any width from four to twelve feet1 but when more than four feet1 the front edge should be made with irregular curves to avoid a stiff appearance4 ,shrubs should be set out not later than ,october tenth1 and1 as they or the hedge would be at the back of the bed1 the planting of them will not interfere with the perennials that have already been transplanted from the seed-bed4 ,hedges are so much more beautiful than any fence that ever was built that1 in towns or villages where cattle are not allowed to run at large1 hedges should1 wherever possible1 be used in place of fences4 ,to prepare the ground for a hedge1 make a trench eighteen inches deep1 put a good layer of well-rotted manure in the bottom and fill up with earth4 ,when the hedge is planted give it a good top-dressing of manure1 and continue this top-dressing1 with a little bone-meal sown on the surface of the ground1 every spring4 ,illustration3 ,planting on the edge of lawn ,august second ,the best and hardiest evergreen hedge is of ,hemlock ,spruce4 ,plants of this can be bought for fifteen dollars a hundred1 and should be set eighteen inches apart4 ,the ,privet is a favorite hedge in this country4 ,it keeps green until ,december1 and leafs out early in the spring4 ,it is hardy and of rapid growth4 ,good plants are six dollars a hundred1 and should be planted a foot apart4 ,catalogues say that if planted in rich soil one foot apart1 a hedge five feet high can be grown in three seasons4 ,common ,privet is more hardy than ,california ,privet4 ,hydrangea paniculata grandiflora makes a beautiful low-growing hedge2 good plants can be bought for six dollars a hundred4 ,berberis ,thunbergii1 or ,barberry1 makes a fine hedge1 on account of its beautiful foliage and scarlet fruit4 ,it is1 however1 slow-growing4 ,the owner of a small place should avoid the temptation to scatter flower beds about the lawn4 ,keep all the planting along the edges of the property and around the house1 and leave the lawn unbroken by flower beds4 ,the years when gardening consisted only of beds of ,coleus1 ,geraniums1 ,verbenas and bedding plants have passed away1 like the black walnut period of furniture4 ,and even as the mahogany of our grandfathers is now brought forth from garrets and unused rooms1 and antiquity shops and farm-houses are searched for the good old-time furniture1 so we are learning to take the old gardens for our models1 and the old-fashioned flowers to fill our borders4 ,the nurseryman of to-day has greatly improved the size and colour of the old varieties of perennials1 so that they are far more beautiful than formerly1 and offer a much greater choice4 ,by skilful hybridization a hundred or more kinds of ,phlox have been developed4 ,in the same way1 numerous varieties of ,delphiniums1 ,iris1 ,peonies1 ,columbines1 ,canterbury ,bells and ,foxgloves have been produced4 ,the old-fashioned annuals also appear in many new forms4 ,in addition to the pink and white ,painted ,lady1 the pure white and the dark purple ,sweet ,peas of our mothers' time1 we may now cultivate some eighty varieties of this delicate flower4 ,thus the garden of hardy perennials1 annuals and bulbs will give us a continual sequence of flowers in every form and colour from ,april until ,november1 if properly made and tended4 ,illustration3 ,asters in rows for picking ,august twenty-fifth ,,the ,,seed-,,bed ,,chapter ,v ,,the ,,seed-,,bed ,the possessor of a garden1 large or small1 should have a seed-bed1 where seeds of perennials and some of the annuals can be sown and grown until large enough to be permanently placed4 ,not only will this bed give great pleasure in enabling one to watch the plants from the time the first tiny leaf appears1 but also when laden with blossoms in fullest beauty4 ,the knowledge that you have raised them gives a thrill of pride in the result which no bought plants1 however beautiful1 can impart4 ,it is not necessary to prepare the seed-bed over a foot in depth1 but the soil must be very light and fine1 as well as rich4 ,it is best1 if possible1 to have a portion of the bed somewhat shaded from the sun for a part of the day4 ,if this combination cannot be had in one bed1 there should be a second for plants that want less sun4 ,biennials must1 of course1 be sown every year1 as they bloom but once1 then die4 ,every year some perennials will disappear1 killed by severe winters1 by pests of one kind or another1 or dying without apparent cause4 ,to keep up the supply1 therefore1 some of each variety should be raised every year4 ,foxgloves and ,sweet ,williams1 if allowed to go to seed1 will sow themselves and increase rapidly4 ,the same with ,hollyhocks1 but1 except on the edges of shrubberies and in wild borders1 it is better to cut the stalk just before the seed is ready to fall1 and save it to sow in the seed-bed4 ,illustration3 ,foxgloves--seedlings ready for final transplanting ,september twenty-ninth ,in my garden1 some seventy miles from ,new ,york1 and where the spring opens ten days later1 ,i sow my seeds1--the perennials about the tenth of ,april and the annuals from ,april twentieth to ,may first4 ,buy the seeds1 if the garden is large1 by the ounce or half-ounce2 if small1 in the seedsman's packets4 ,i always have the seeds of perennials soaked for twenty-four hours before planting1 and find that by so doing they are very sure to germinate4 ,care must be taken1 when soaking a number of different kinds at the same time1 to place the name of each variety of seed under the glass or bowl containing the same4 ,when ready for planting1 pour off the water and mix the wet seeds carefully with very dry earth1 in a cigar-box1 which is of the right size and easy to handle4 ,then sow1 not too deeply1 in rows about a foot apart in the bed1 covering very lightly1 according to size4 ,one-half inch is enough for the large seeds4 ,the very fine varieties should simply have the earth sprinkled on them4 ,if planted too deep they will never come up4 ,seeds of annuals do not require soaking4 ,pat the earth down firmly with the back of the trowel1 sprinkle with a fine sprinkler late every afternoon1 and it is not your fault if you do not have hundreds and thousands of young plants to make your own place beautiful and to give to your friends4 ,it is a keen delight1 when a friend says that she has not raised such and such plants this year1 to run and get your trowel and dig a bunch of this and that from the rows of sturdy little plants4 ,it is a pleasure to know that a bit of your garden has gone to help make another's beautiful4 ,one of the greatest pleasures of a garden is in giving flowers and plants to your friends4 ,every ,october1 when arranging the borders and separating plants1 ,i send away great boxes of them1 some to fortunate friends with lovely gardens1 but without the same varieties2 some to humble cottage gardens1 and others to friends who have never grown a flower1 but would like to try4 ,this year1 having made a large new garden1 ,i was able to give away to friends and neighbors only about seven hundred plants1 not seedlings but large plants and roots4 ,generally ,i can send away far more4 ,think what a delight this is6 ,a request for some plants came to me last autumn from the baggage-master of a railroad station some twenty miles from us1 who1 by the boxes of shrubs and plants that came to me1 inferred that ,i might have some to spare4 ,i learned that all this man's spare time was spent in his little garden plot1 so great was his love of flowers4 ,i know1 too1 a village expressman 7another whom nature intended for a gardener71 whose little plot of ground is always a mass of beauty4 ,he has a surprising variety of plants1 and every one is a fine specimen of its kind4 ,his ,anemone ,japonica alba are the finest ,i have ever seen1 each one sending up perhaps a dozen slender stalks of the beautiful flowers4 ,i have had great difficulty with this plant and have lost dozens of them4 ,i always drive very slowly by the expressman's garden1 burning with envy and wondering how he does it4 ,in fact1 it was only last year that ,i had my first success with these obdurate plants4 ,they must grow under trees whose branches are sufficiently high to admit the sun half the day4 ,as they bloom in ,september and ,october1 the tree protects them from the frost1 and in winter they should be well covered with stable litter4 ,they are among the few plants to be set out in the spring1 for if not well established they are always winter-killed4 ,it is well not to empty the perennial seed-bed entirely in the autumn1 but to leave a few plants of each variety to transplant in the spring1 to take the place of those which have not survived the winter4 ,when the bed is empty1 in the spring1 have a good coating of manure spaded in and proceed again with the sowing4 ,biennials1 and also most perennials1 must be raised every year to keep up the supply4 ,illustration3 ,long grass walk1 with ,narcissus ,poeticus blooming in the border ,april twenty-sixth ,,planting ,illustration3 ,long grass walk1 with ,peonies in the border ,june sixth ,,chapter ,,vi ,,planting ,i cannot impress too strongly upon my readers the importance of ordering their plants and seeds of well-known firms4 ,the best are always the cheapest in the end4 ,inquiry among friends will generally give the best information as to reliable seedsmen and growers4 ,in ordering shrubs and plants it is important to specify the precise date of delivery1 that you may know in advance the day of arrival4 ,the beds or borders should be prepared in advance1 so that everything may be set out without delay4 ,care must be taken that the roots are not exposed to the air and allowed to become dry4 ,it is a good plan1 when unpacking a box of plants1 to sort them1 laying each variety in a pile by itself1 covering the roots with the moss and excelsior in which they were packed1 and then1 if at all dry1 to sprinkle thoroughly4 ,unpacking should1 if possible1 be done under cover--in the cellar if there be no other place4 ,great care must also be taken in setting out plants that ample room be given2 as the roots should be well spread out and never doubled up4 ,do not be afraid of having the hole too big2 see that the earth is finely pulverized and well packed about the roots2 that the plant is thoroughly soaked1 and1 if the weather is dry1 kept watered for a couple of weeks4 ,if the plants have arrived in good condition and are carefully set out1 but few should die4 ,i have never lost a deciduous tree1 and frequently1 in setting out a hundred shrubs at one time1 all have lived4 ,illustration3 ,long grass walk1 with ,foxgloves blossoming in the border ,june thirteenth ,wherever there is a fence make a border1 wide or narrow according to your space2 if wide1--and it may be as much as twelve feet wide1--always make the edge irregular1 never straight4 ,some prefer a hedge at the back of the border4 ,the best effect and quickest screen is made by planting1 against the fence at the back of the border1 ,white ,lilacs 7not the ,persian71 ,syringas1 ,deutzias and the beautiful new ,altheas4 ,plant these shrubs three feet apart4 ,in good soil they will send up great canes1 and in four years time should be six feet high and shut you in from all prying gaze4 ,in planting a border1 always keep in mind the fact that it should be blooming from ,may to ,november4 ,put in the plants according to height1 the tallest1 of course1 at the back and the lowest in front1 filling the front also with spring-flowering bulbs1 ,daffodils1 ,tulips and ,narcissi1 which will blossom and be over before the plants come on4 ,you will thus have the longest succession of bloom4 ,if the border is quite wide--from four to six feet--and perhaps one hundred and fifty feet long1 it will hold a surprising number of plants4 ,certain plants1 in a long border with a background of shrubs1 look best in rows1 in spite of all that has been written against it3 ,for instance1 ,hollyhocks1 a long row of plants three deep1 broken every ten feet or so by a clump of a dozen1 and in front of these a single row of ,rudbeckias1 broken with clumps of six or so1 and the rest of the border planted in masses1 more or less according to space1 of ,phloxes1 ,larkspur1 ,lilies1 ,columbines1 ,sweet ,williams1 with every now and then a good clump of ,chrysanthemums to blossom when all other flowers are gone4 ,in filling a border along a rather short path1 the plants should always be set in clumps of from six to twelve of a kind4 ,if the border is narrow and has no shrubs or hedge back of it1 the effect will be better if the plants do not exceed three feet in height4 ,omit from such a border ,hollyhocks1 ,rudbeckias1 ,sunflowers and ,cosmos4 ,sweet ,williams1 ,columbines1 ,sweet ,alyssum1 ,candytuft1 ,nasturtiums and ,phlox ,drummondii can all be grown as edging for borders4 ,i have a border1 two and a half feet wide and three hundred and fifty feet long1 that is a mass of bloom from the middle of ,may until the last of ,september4 ,it may give the reader a suggestion to know its contents4 ,everything is in rows1 the only border in my garden where the planting is done in this way4 ,along the edge is ,narcissus ,poeticus2 back of ,narcissus ,poeticus a row of ,sweet ,williams1 pink1 white and very dark red2 back of the ,sweet ,williams1 ,foxgloves2 back of the ,foxgloves1 ,peonies and ,hydrangea grandiflora planted alternately2 and back of these1 a row of ,hollyhocks4 ,about two feet behind this border1 a row of ,rudbeckia 7,golden ,glow7 grows like a tall hedge4 ,when ,narcissus ,poeticus has finished blooming1 the ,peonies come on4 ,before the last ,peony has lost its petals1 the ,sweet ,williams 7quite two feet high7 are in blossom1 and the ,foxgloves 7from three to four feet high7 begin to bloom1 and last for a month4 ,while these flowers are still lovely1 the tall ,hollyhocks begin to flower1 each plant sending up from three to five stalks4 ,then1 by the time the ,hollyhock stalks are cut down1 the ,hydrangeas1 which are trimmed back very severely every autumn1 are a mass of white4 ,meanwhile the ,rudbeckias1 for quite six weeks1 form a yellow background4 ,the illustrations show this row of flowers while the ,narcissi1 ,peonies1 ,foxgloves1 and ,hydrangeas are successively in blossom4 ,early in ,june1 ,i transplant into perennial borders1 wherever a spot can be found1 clumps of ,asters1 ,cosmos and other late annuals1 which are beautiful in ,september and ,october when most flowers have ceased to bloom4 ,from ,september twentieth to ,october fifteenth is a busy time in the garden4 ,new beds and borders should be made then4 ,the plants in all borders four years old should be lifted1 and the beds or borders spaded deeply with plenty of manure1 the plants reset1 and the young perennials transplanted from the seed-bed into their final places4 ,all perennial plants whose roots are sufficiently large1 should now be divided and reset4 ,this fall planting and transplanting should be done at about the time mentioned1 for the shrubs and plants must become well rooted before the ground freezes1 or they will rarely survive the winter4 ,no matter how rich a bed or border may be1 ,i always have the hole to receive the plant made larger than is necessary1 and put a spadeful of manure in the bottom4 ,in transplanting1 my man always has a wheelbarrow of this at his side to work from4 ,if there are bare places in lawns or grass paths1 sow grass seed about the twentieth of ,september1 then roll1 and the grass will be well rooted before cold weather4 ,it must be borne in mind that everything possible should be done in the fall4 ,perennials start early in the spring1 and it is a pity1 when they are once started1 to disturb them4 ,when the frost has finally killed everything1 all the dead tops should be cut off at the ground1 the dead annuals pulled up1 the borders made clean and neat1 and1 about the last of ,november1 covered with a good layer of stable litter1 leaves or straw4 ,i have always found the plants start earlier and do better for this slight protection4 ,whenever ,i tell my inquiring friends of the proper preparation of beds1 and the spring top-dressing1 and winter covering with manure1 there is generally an exclamation of alarm at the quantity used4 ,but much is required to make the garden grow4 ,i call upon the farm for manure when the stable supply is insufficient1 and both my farmer-husband and his manager at times look askance4 ,but how can ,i live unless my garden has what it needs6 ,the farmer-husband looks upon my gardening as a mild species of insanity1 and cannot understand why a little garden with a few plants is not enough for any woman4 ,by dint of much showing and explanation through many years1 he has acquired a floricultural knowledge which enables him to tell a ,rose1 ,lily1 ,sunflower and ,phlox1 and of this knowledge he is proud4 ,all manure should be drawn out into the garden when the ground is still frozen1 in ,march or earlier1 and placed in convenient piles1 so that the ground may not be cut up1 when soft1 by the wagon wheels2 and also to facilitate work when the first spring days come1 and there are a hundred things to be done4 ,if possible1 have a spadeful of well-rotted stable manure stirred into the ground around each shrub and vine in early spring4 ,the result will amply repay you4 ,save all wood-ashes carefully1 under cover1 for the garden1 and scatter them on the beds and on the grass4 ,get well-ground fresh bone-meal1 and let all plants have only a handful in the spring1 and the reward in bloom is great4 ,to have good results from the hardy ,chrysanthemums the soil cannot be too rich1 and ,i generally give them something to eat1 as a boy who helps in the garden calls it1 about the fifteenth of ,june and the fifteenth of ,august4 ,care must be taken1 in using bone-meal1 not to put on too much1 and to keep it away from contact with the rootlets4 ,,annuals ,,chapter ,,vii ,,annuals ,there are so many annuals that ,i will write only about the few which are easiest to grow and are most desirable4 ,for me a flower must have merits for decorating the house as well as for making the garden beautiful4 ,the other day ,i found an ,english book on flowers1 and at once sat down to read it1 expecting enjoyment and profit from every page2 but at the end of a few minutes ,i came upon the following paragraph3 ,particularly to most women one of the chief uses or functions of a garden is to provide flowers to be cut for the decoration of rooms4 ,but ,i hold that a flower cut from its plant and placed in a vase is as a scalp on the walls of a wigwam4 ,and ,i read no further in that book4 ,i grow flowers to gather them1 both for the house and to give away4 ,we keep about sixty vases full in the house from late ,may until ,october1 and never allow more than two colours in the same room4 ,i have a yellow room1 where only yellow and white flowers1 or white and blue1 are permitted2 a pink room1 for white and pink or pink and crimson flowers2 and a hall1 whose dominant tone is a rich red1 where the flowers are red and white4 ,some of the annuals1 like ,mignonette and ,poppies1 must be sown where they are to grow4 ,mignonette does best in cool1 rather moist soil4 ,illustration3 ,long grass walk1 with ,hydrangeas2 ,rudbeckias in the background ,august twenty-fifth ,poppies1 and oh6 have plenty of them and all kinds4 ,get the ,shirley ,poppies1 the ,giant ,double1 the fringed kind1 and the ,california with their sunny petals4 ,sow in great numbers wherever they are wanted1 here and there in the borders wherever there is space4 ,if there is no other place1 sow them in rows in the vegetable garden4 ,they are splendid in the house1 but1 alas6 fall too quickly4 ,the ,shirley ,poppies are almost like fairy flowers1 they are so delicate and beautiful4 ,they are the first of the annual ,poppies to bloom4 ,then comes the variety which grows wild in ,france and ,germany1--scarlet1 with black blotches at the base of the petals4 ,last to bloom are the tall1 fringed double and single ,poppies1--white1 pink and scarlet1 growing on strong stems three feet high4 ,poppies must be sown thinly and the earth only sprinkled over the seeds4 ,sow as early in the spring as the ground can be worked1 and thin out to six inches apart when the plants are well up4 ,nasturtiums1 too1 should be planted where they are to grow1 also ,sweet ,alyssum and ,candytuft4 ,all of these make good edgings for borders4 ,if not allowed to go to seed they will bloom all summer4 ,sunflowers1 the ,dwarf ,double1 and the tall ,giant ,sunflowers1 are fine in backgrounds and against fences4 ,,the ,,following ,,annuals ,,should ,,be ,,sown ,,in ,,the ,,seed-,,bed ,,about ,,april ,,twentieth ,,to ,,may ,,first ,antirrhinum1 or ,snapdragon1 growing eighteen inches high4 ,if sown in early ,may they will bloom from ,august until late autumn4 ,the same is true of the ,german ,ten-weeks ,stocks1 which have a long period of bloom4 ,the white ones are most lovely4 ,asters1 all varieties2 sow a quantity4 ,they are not only beautiful1 but they give an abundance of blossoms in late ,september and early ,october1 when flowers are beginning to be scarce4 ,i prefer the ,giant1 ,comet1 ,ostrich ,plume and the late-flowering branching kind4 ,of these last1 ,purity 7snow-white7 and ,daybreak 7shell-pink7 are the best1 often bearing thirty flowers on a plant and lasting1 in water1 five days4 ,a small quantity of wood-ashes stirred into the soil of the ,aster bed is a fine fertilizer and destroys insects that attack the roots4 ,transplant in ,june to wherever they are to blossom4 ,illustration3 ,a single plant of ,asters ,september tenth ,i have lately learned1 that the only way to destroy the black beetle which appears upon the ,asters and eats the flowers1 is to have them picked off morning and evening and thrown into a pan containing kerosene oil1 which kills them4 ,cosmos4 ,the early-summer flowering variety of ,cosmos will begin to bloom in ,july1 and1 if not allowed to go to seed1 will be a mass of flowers until killed by frost4 ,in favorable soil ,cosmos grows luxuriantly1 and resembles a small tree six or eight feet high4 ,this plant should be staked1 or it is likely to be blown down4 ,it is very effective when transplanted to the borders1 blooming gayly when there is not much else4 ,the pink and crimson varieties are beautiful1 but do not compare with the white4 ,calendula1 growing about a foot high in every shade of yellow from deep orange to pale ivory1 is one of the best and most constant blooming of the yellow flowers4 ,centaurea1 or ,cornflower4 ,these come in many colours1 but ,i grow only the tall1 ragged1 blue variety4 ,if not permitted to go to seed1 they will bloom plentifully for several months4 ,on the dinner-table with blue and white china1 and in ,june combined with ,syringa1 they make a beautiful and unusual decoration4 ,marigold1 both the double ,african and the double ,french4 ,these flowers always give me a pricking of the conscience1 for during the summer1 when there are plenty of others1 ,i give them the go by1 but in ,october turn to them with shame and thankfulness4 ,phlox ,drummondii grows about six or eight inches high1 and comes in many colours4 ,it makes beautiful borders1 particularly the white1 pink and dark red4 ,plumed ,celosia1 or ,cockscomb4 ,the new varieties are very effective4 ,illustration3 ,poppies growing in rows ,july fourteenth ,zinnias4 ,lately ,i have grown only two varieties1 a vivid scarlet and a salmon-pink4 ,they are not only lovely when growing1 but make a beautiful house decoration1 as the stems are long and stiff4 ,sweet ,peas1 which no garden can do without4 ,several books say1 plant in autumn1 very late4 ,i have twice sown two pounds at this time1 carefully following the directions1 and not one single ,pea came up the following spring4 ,sweet ,peas should be sown in the spring the moment the frost comes out of the ground1 so that they may become deeply rooted before dry weather4 ,make a trench about a foot deep and a foot wide4 ,have a good layer of manure in the bottom of the trench1 over which put a couple of inches of earth1 and over this earth put a good layer of wood-ashes1 again a sprinkling of earth4 ,then sow the ,peas1 and cover them with a couple of inches of earth4 ,as they grow1 fill in the trench1 and keep on hilling up the plants until the roots are very deep4 ,it is well to mulch them with the clippings of lawn grass4 ,in this way the plants are kept from drying up1 and will bloom until ,october4 ,sweet ,peas flourish best on a trellis of galvanized wire netting4 ,it should be a permanent trellis1 made of cedar posts set three feet deep1 so as to be below the frost line and four feet high4 ,to this attach the wire netting4 ,a trench should be made on either side of the netting1 so that a double row of ,peas may be sown4 ,the quantity sown depends on the length of the trellis2 three pounds will sow a double row one hundred and twenty-five feet long4 ,i always sow the different colours separately4 ,it simplifies the task of arranging them1 if they can be gathered separately4 ,a bowl of white ,sweet ,peas and ,maidenhair ,fern is indeed a thing of beauty4 ,pansies1 every one loves them4 ,they are annuals1 but do best if treated as biennials4 ,the most practical hint that ,i was able to get from ,elizabeth's ,german ,garden was where she spoke of carpeting her ,rose beds with ,pansies4 ,this instantly appealed to me1 as ,i greatly dislike to see the earth in the beds and borders1 and in ,rose beds it always is to be seen4 ,so ,i bought an ounce each of white and yellow ,pansy seed1 sowed it about the tenth of ,july in the partly shaded end of the seed-bed1 and by ,october first had splendid great plants4 ,i did not allow these to blossom1 but picked off the buds1 and1 after the ,rose beds had been given a plentiful top-dressing of manure carefully stirred in with a large trowel1 ,i transplanted my ,pansy plants4 ,of course1 they had to be covered over with the ,roses the last of ,november1 and often during the winter ,i wondered whether the dears would be smothered4 ,on the twenty-eighth of ,march the beds were uncovered1 and1 imagine it6 there were ,pansies in bloom4 ,from ,april tenth until late in ,august these beds were simply a carpet of white and yellow4 ,i never saw anything like it4 ,it was probably due to the rich soil1 perhaps also to the free watering necessary for the ,roses4 ,then1 in order that no ,pansies should go to seed1 my own maid1 who is very fond of flowers1 undertook each morning to cut off all that were beginning to wither4 ,this required from one to two hours1 but certainly prolonged the bloom1 and ,i could never have spared a man so long for just the ,pansies4 ,sow ,pansy seed in the seed-bed about the tenth of ,july1 and transplant late in ,october4 99 99 99 99 99 ,these are some of the more important annuals which no garden should be without4 ,all of them are easy to raise1 and blossom abundantly4 ,i do not speak of the many others1 but advise trying new flowers every year4 ,illustration3 ,a ,bowl of ,cosmos ,september twenty-ninth ,the first week in ,june is the time to transplant all annuals4 ,do it1 if possible1 directly after a rain1 always late in the afternoon1 and1 of course1 water well after transplanting4 ,i have a method of my own for the transplanting of seedlings1 and by following it the tiny plants never wither or are set back1 and in fact do not seem to know that they have been moved4 ,take a tin box1 such as biscuits come in1 half fill it with water1 then lift into it from the seed-bed about one hundred seedlings at a time4 ,with a sharp-pointed stick make holes in the bed where the little plants are to go1 and then put them in4 ,soak the ground thoroughly after each patch is finished4 ,in this way the tiny rootlets never become dry4 ,all the beds and borders can be kept free from weeds and in good condition if gone over with a trowel every five days1 or once a week1 the earth stirred thoroughly1 and any weeds that may have grown taken out4 ,it is particularly necessary1 for a few weeks in the spring1 to keep well ahead of the weeds4 ,i always think of my sins when ,i weed4 ,they grow apace in the same way and are harder still to get rid of4 ,it seems a pity sometimes not to nurture a pet one1 just as it does to destroy a beautiful plant of ,wild ,mustard1 or of ,queen ,anne's ,lace4 ,,list ,,of ,,annuals1 ,,with ,,height1 ,,colour ,,and ,,period ,,of ,,blooming ,asters1 all colours2 one to two feet2 ,august to ,october4 ,alyssum1 white1 dwarf for borders2 six inches2 blooms all summer if not allowed to go to seed4 ,balsam1 ,camellia-flowered1 pale pink1 dark red1 white2 two to three feet2 ,july and ,august4 ,calendula 7,pot ,marigold71 all shades of yellow2 mid-,july until killed by frost4 ,calliopsis 7,coreopsis71 yellow with red or brown center2 two feet2 mid-,july1 until killed by frost4 ,candytuft1 red1 white1 purple1 ,empress variety white the best1 fine for edging2 six inches2 blooms continually if not allowed to go to seed4 ,centaurea 7,cornflower71 all shades of blue2 three feet2 blooms three months if kept cut4 ,cockscomb1 crimson and scarlet2 two to three feet2 ,august and ,september4 ,cosmos1 white1 pink1 crimson2 three to five feet2 from the fifteenth of ,july until killed by frost4 ,eschscholtzia1 yellow ,poppies2 one foot2 blooms all summer4 ,godetia1 pink1 crimson1 white2 one foot2 blooms all summer4 ,marigold1 all shades of yellow2 one to two and one-half feet2 mid-,july until killed by frost4 ,mignonette1 average height one foot2 blooms all summer if kept from seeding4 ,nasturtiums1 all shades of yellow and red2 dwarf1 nine inches2 climbing1 five feet2 bloom all summer until killed by frost4 ,pansy1 many colours2 six inches2 from early spring until ,november1 if kept well cut4 ,petunia1 double giant-flowered the only kind to raise2 white1 crimson and pink2 one and one-half feet2 bloom all summer4 ,phlox ,drummondii1 many colours2 one foot2 blooms ,july1 ,august and ,september if not allowed to seed4 ,poppy1 all shades of pink and red1 also white2 one to three feet4 ,if several varieties are planted can be had in bloom from three to four weeks2 end of ,june and ,july4 ,snapdragon1 scarlet and white1 white and yellow1 pure white2 one and one-half feet2 ,july and ,august4 ,stocks 7,german ,ten-,weeks71 white1 pink1 red1 purple2 one and one-half feet2 middle of ,july until middle of ,september4 ,sunflower1 yellow1 dwarf and tall varieties1 single and double2 three to six feet2 all summer4 ,sweet ,peas1 all colours2 three feet2 grown on bush or trellis2 end of ,june until ,october if kept well cut and moist4 ,sweet ,sultan1 purple1 white1 yellow2 one and one-half feet2 ,june1 ,july and ,august4 ,zinnia1 many colours2 one and one-half to two feet2 ,july1 ,august and ,september4 ,illustration3 ,a mass of ,phlox2 ,rudbeckias in the background ,august second ,,perennials ,,chapter ,,viii ,,perennials ,some of the perennials to be sown yearly in the seed-bed from about ,april first to tenth1 are the following3 ,columbines of all varieties1 yellow1 white1 shading from pink to red and from pale blue to darkest purple4 ,of ,columbines every garden should have plenty4 ,blooming about ,may twentieth for three weeks1 they are a perfect delight4 ,they are very hardy1 germinate readily in the seed-bed1 are easy to transplant and need but little care4 ,i have never been able to get them much over three feet in height1 but then ,i have often a dozen stalks of bloom on a single plant1 which is very satisfactory4 ,the first dozen plants were sent to me by a friend from his garden on ,long ,island2 now ,i have hundreds of them1--single and double1 white1 yellow1 all shades of red and pink1 pale blue1 and a blue one with a white center almost like an ,orchid2 many shades of purple1 also purple and white4 ,hollyhocks1 single and double1 of all colours4 ,in order to get the desired colour effect with these1 keep each variety separate4 ,illustration3 ,hollyhocks in blossom ,july twelfth ,no one can have too many ,hollyhocks4 ,plant them at the back of the borders among the shrubbery1 along fences1 and in great clumps in any odd corner1 or around buildings2 they are never amiss1 and always beautiful4 ,i find that a ,hollyhock cannot be counted upon to bloom more than three years4 ,first-year stalks are about four feet high2 afterwards1 if in good soil1 they will be from six to eight feet4 ,there were hundreds of this size in my garden last summer1 each plant with from three to five towering stalks of bloom4 ,as soon as they have gone to seed1 ,i save what seed ,i want and the stalks are then cut down and burned4 ,by sowing the seeds as soon as thoroughly ripe and dry1 plants can be raised which will be large enough to transplant in ,october1 and will bloom the next year4 ,these young plants should be given a slight covering the first winter1 that they may not be winter-killed4 ,when in a border1 the ,hollyhock1 which will flourish in any soil1 grows to such an extent that ,lilies or ,phloxes1 or anything else near by1 are likely to be crowded out1 unless care is taken to cut off the lower leaves1 which become enormous4 ,i have this done usually three times before they bloom1 beginning early in ,may1 and great wheelbarrow-loads of leaves are taken away at each cutting4 ,sweet ,williams1 red1 white and pink4 ,these will grow from eighteen inches to two feet4 ,the stems are straight and stiff1 and the trusses of bloom about five inches across1 with individual flowers as large as a nickel2 they keep well in water and make a beautiful edging for a border1 or give great effect when planted in masses4 ,they bloom for three weeks or more1 and make fine decorations for church or house4 ,platycodon ,mariesi1 beautiful blue2 they resemble ,canterbury ,bells1 and1 as they blossom after the ,canterbury ,bells1 are valuable in continuing the period of blue flowers1 with the advantage of being perennials4 ,delphiniums1 perennial ,larkspurs1 all varieties4 ,these seeds ,i have found more difficult to make germinate than any others1 so ,i do not rely upon what ,i raise1 but purchase many plants4 ,my best results have come from saving the seeds from the first crop of blossoms1 drying thoroughly1 and then sowing at once4 ,i have found these seeds more sure to germinate than those bought in early spring4 ,perhaps nature intends them to be sown in this way1 instead of nine months later4 ,illustration3 ,a single plant of ,delphinium 7,perennial ,larkspur7 ,june twenty-first ,one can never say enough in praise of ,delphiniums4 ,three-year-old plants will send up eight to ten beautiful great spikes of the richest blue1 four feet high4 ,the moment a blossom withers1 cut the stalk down to the ground2 another will immediately spring up4 ,i had four crops of blossoms from some of my ,delphiniums last summer1 so that1 from the end of ,june until the middle of ,october1 there were always some of them in blossom4 ,some varieties of tall ,english ,delphiniums are very beautiful4 ,among them is one1 ,coelestinum1 of the loveliest shade of light blue1 with very large1 double individual flowers4 ,as ,i have said before1 the ,delphinium blossoms at the same time as ,lilium candidum1 and should be planted near by4 ,great bunches of these two flowers1 in tall vases1 are lovely as well as unusual4 ,there is a horrid small white worm which attacks the roots of the ,delphinium1 and gives no sign until you see the plant dying4 ,i have found that keeping the soil around the plant well covered with coal ashes is a preventive4 ,delphiniums are hardy and long-lived 7unless the worm gets them71 and1 once planted1 they live a dozen years4 ,coreopsis 7,grandiflora74 ,every one knows the ,coreopsis1 which1 by continual cutting1 will give abundant bloom for three months4 ,the variety with velvety maroon centers is particularly fine4 ,hibiscus is very easy to raise1 and should be planted among and along the edge of shrubbery4 ,the plants are quite hardy1 grow four feet high1 and masses of them in pink or white are fine4 ,they bloom in ,august and ,september4 ,rockets1 white and purple4 ,these increase tremendously from self-sowing1 so be careful or they will suffocate all that grows near them4 ,i have many plants1 all of which have come from a single one that a colored woman gave me a few years ago4 ,she is a nice comfortable old mammy1 black as the ace of spades1 with a great love for flowers and a nice patch of them4 ,we have exchanged plants several times4 ,some of the nicest things ,i have in my garden came to me in this way1 and it is great fun4 ,whenever1 in driving about1 ,i see a particularly fine plant in a dooryard1 ,i make friends with its owner1 and later suggest that if she 7it is usually she7 will give me a small root of this or that1 ,i will bring her some plants or bulbs from my garden1 of a kind which she has not4 ,so we are both equally benefited4 ,in this way ,i was once given a plant of ,valerian1 which has a tall1 beautiful white flower with a most delicious odour like vanilla4 ,it blooms for three weeks in late ,may and early ,june4 ,from this one plant there are now in the garden a number of large clumps several feet in diameter1 and ,i have given away certainly fifty roots4 ,valerian is a small white flower in good-sized clusters on long stems1 seen now-a-days only in old-fashioned gardens4 ,i am told it cannot be bought of horticulturists4 ,one must have ,chrysanthemums1 but where the thermometer falls below zero there are not many to be bought1 other than the pompon varieties1 that will blossom in the garden before being killed by frost1 or that will survive the winter4 ,year after year ,i have bought dozens of the so-called ,september-flowering ,chrysanthemums1 and have only succeeded in making them blossom by the middle of ,october1 by planting them on the south side of a building1 in richest soil1 giving abundance of water1 and covering on all cold nights4 ,but ,i have beautiful plants of perfectly hardy1 good-sized blossoms of yellow1 white1 pink and red1 the roots of which have come from the gardens of my farmer friends4 ,i have never been able to buy this old-fashioned hardy kind4 ,in the spring1 as soon as the plants begin to sprout1 divide them1 setting out three or four sprouts together4 ,in this way the stock will increase wonderfully4 ,chrysanthemums require very rich soil1 must have sun1 and do best against a building or a wall4 ,about the first of ,july and the first of ,september have a couple of trowelfuls of manure carefully dug in about the roots of each plant4 ,buds should not be allowed to form until ,september1 and the new shoots should be pinched back until then1 to make the plants strong and bushy4 ,i do not envy any one who has only the great1 solemn1 stiff flowers of the prize-show variety4 ,an armful of the hardy garden ones1 with their delicious odour1 is worth a green-house full of the unnatural things which are the professional gardener's pride4 ,when you can keep twenty or more vases filled from your own garden with these last blossoms of the year1 in all their lovely colours1 and not miss one of them from the plants1 you will agree with me that they are the only kind to raise4 ,perennials1 sown in rows in the seed-bed in ,april1 will be nice little plants by ,july1 when they should be lifted and transplanted some six inches apart4 ,the portion of the seed-bed where the annuals were raised can be used now for the purpose4 ,this is particularly necessary for ,larkspur1 ,columbines1 ,monkshood1 ,platycodon1 ,coreopsis1 ,hibiscus and ,pinks4 ,if1 when transplanting1 each plant is set with a trowelful of manure1 the result will be plants twice as large by the first of ,october1 when they can be again transplanted to their permanent places4 ,oriental ,poppies and ,pinks should also be sown in the perennial seed-bed4 ,oriental ,poppies1 with great blossoms as large as a tea plate borne on strong stems1 make a grand show about the end of ,may and beginning of ,june4 ,pinks1 too1 should be in every garden1 if only for their delicious1 spicy odor4 ,the ,chinensis1 or ,china ,pinks1 are the best4 ,sweet ,williams and ,oriental ,poppies need not be moved from the time they are sown until finally transplanted in the autumn4 ,illustration3 ,yuccas in blossom ,july twelfth ,yucca filamentosa1 the hardy native of ,mexico1 sends up1 about the tenth of ,july1 great stalks six to eight feet high1 bearing masses of white flowers4 ,the individual blossoms are of creamy waxy texture and as beautiful as an orchid4 ,a single stalk of ,yucca1 in a tall vase1 will last nearly a week1 and is as unusual as it is beautiful for house decoration4 ,yuccas are perfectly hardy1 need no protection in winter1 no fertilizer1 no water in dry weather4 ,in my garden1 at least1 they have not been attacked by insects and have grown placidly on1 needing absolutely no care but to have the stalks cut down when they have finished blossoming4 ,they are most effective when grown in clumps1 but look very well along a fence with ,hollyhocks at the back4 ,the plants are so inexpensive that ,i have bought mine1 but see no reason why they cannot be raised from seed4 ,small plants form near the parent stem1 and these can be separated and transplanted4 ,a late spring frost will sometimes nip the flower stalk that has just started1 and there will be no bloom that year4 ,to avoid such a disaster1 whenever1 in late spring1 a frosty night is suspected1 cover the plants with a piece of burlap4 ,tritomas 7,red-hot ,poker ,plant7 bloom in ,september and ,october1 and should always be planted in masses1 and in full sun4 ,they must be well covered with leaves or stable litter late in ,november1 or they will be winter-killed4 ,they increase rapidly4 ,gaillardias bloom all summer1 and keep fresh in water for days4 ,the plants are covered with long-stemmed1 yellow flowers with dark crimson centers1 and should also be protected in winter4 ,veronica longifolia1 a most beautiful dark blue flower1 which grows in long spikes4 ,veronica remains in bloom during the month of ,august1 and is one of the most showy flowers in the garden at that time4 ,iris1 ,japanese and ,german1 do well when naturalized in the grass4 ,these plants increase so1 that every four years they can be separated4 ,beginning with the ,german ,iris1 flowering the end of ,may1 they can be had in bloom until the ,japanese ,iris finishes blossoming the middle of ,july4 ,no ,orchids are more beautiful than the ,japanese ,iris4 ,a couple of weeks before and during the period of bloom they must be kept very moist4 ,both the ,german and the ,japanese ,iris are perfectly hardy and increase rapidly4 ,the ,english ,iris1 of which the white variety1 known as ,mont ,blanc1 is the most beautiful1 and the ,spanish ,iris1 in all its varieties1 are not hardy4 ,but with careful winter covering1 about equal to that given to the everblooming ,roses1 they will generally survive1 and are well worth the trouble4 ,the roots of all varieties of ,iris are very long1 and care must be taken to give them plenty of room and to plant deep4 ,peonies4 ,for beauty and usefulness ,peonies rank with ,phloxes4 ,large plants will frequently bear twenty great blossoms4 ,by raising both early and late varieties1 their period of bloom can be continued for a month4 ,the old1 dark crimson variety is the first to bloom2 the old-fashioned double pink and double white are beautiful enough to satisfy any one1 but the new varieties give immense choice as to colour and form4 ,the ,japanese ,tree ,peonies do not die to the ground every year1 like the herbaceous kinds1 but form woody branches and grow like a small shrub4 ,the blossoms of these ,tree ,peonies are truly wonderful2 the only care needed is a little fertilizer in the autumn and a slight winter covering4 ,they are best grown in front of the shrubbery4 ,they blossom before the herbaceous varieties4 ,the herbaceous ,peonies can be grown in large beds by themselves1 in borders with other plants1 or as single specimens in the grass or among the shrubs4 ,peonies start so early in the spring that they should be manured in the fall1 or there is danger of breaking the tender shoots4 ,illustration3 ,bed of ,peonies on edge of lawn ,june sixth ,phlox4 ,there is no flower in the garden more beautiful1 more easily cultivated1 or giving so much bloom as the ,phlox4 ,i could certainly never have a garden without it4 ,in mine there must be a couple of thousand4 ,i have a great mass1 of probably two hundred herbaceous ,phloxes1 growing together in one corner of my garden1 the very tall varieties over four feet high4 ,about the fifteenth of ,july1 every year1 this corner is a superb sight4 ,most of these plants are over fifteen years old4 ,they have been kept fine by heaviest top-dressing every year1 and by lifting all the plants every three years and digging in quantities of manure1 and also by separating each plant into three1 by cutting the roots with a spade1 or pulling apart with the fingers4 ,the newer varieties of ,phlox come in the most beautiful colours1--dark crimson1 fiery scarlet1 many shades of pink1 pink striped with white1 and pink with a white eye2 all shades of lilac1 lilac with white and purple1 the beautiful pure white1 and the white with the scarlet eye4 ,of all the varieties1 my favorites are the snowy white1 and the salmon-pink with the dark red eye4 ,buy fifty large field-grown plants2 at the end of three years separate them1 and you have a hundred and fifty4 ,they present a picture of progression much surer than the tale of the eggs that were to do so much4 ,many of the individual blossoms of my ,phloxes are larger than a fifty-cent piece2 a number of them larger by measurement than a silver dollar1 and the heads also are very large4 ,always erect1 neat and smiling1 never needing to be staked 7such a task in a large garden71 when once grown they must always be dear to a gardener's heart4 ,by breaking off the heads of ,phlox immediately after blooming1 a second crop of flowers will appear in about three weeks4 ,the heads will not be so large as the first1 but they will amply repay the slight trouble4 ,every owner of a garden has certain favorites2 it really cannot be helped1 although the knowledge that it is so makes it seem almost as unfair as for a mother to have a favorite child4 ,a real lover of flowers finds it difficult to cast away a plant that has bloomed its best1 even though the blossom is unsatisfactory4 ,in my garden there are1 at present1 some plants that ,i am longing to dig up and burn4 ,there are two climbing ,roses that came by mistake in a large order and were set out4 ,they have thriven as no others1 cover a very large space on a trellis1 and in ,june bear thousands of a most hideous1 small1 purplish crimson ,rose4 ,the other plant is ,scabiosia ,caucasica4 ,beware of the same4 ,the description of it in a catalogue caused me to feel that without it the garden was nothing4 ,a dozen were ordered and set out in a border1 in two clumps4 ,they grew and waxed strong1 and fairly clambered over everything within several feet of them1 seeming to be like gigantic thistles4 ,finally in ,august1 on stems two feet long1 the eagerly looked-for blossoms appeared4 ,these were described in the catalogue as a large head of pale blue flowers4 ,but1 to my despair1 it developed a round green ball about three inches in circumference1 with white thistle-like petals4 ,and yet the plants had surpassed themselves4 ,it seems a poor reward to turn them out to die4 ,lychnis 7,london ,pride74 ,i cannot now recall any perennial except the ,cardinal ,flower1 which has blossoms of so brilliant a scarlet as ,lychnis1 or ,london ,pride1 growing tall and erect1 with its bright colour4 ,it is most effective when grown in large clumps4 ,monkshood 7,aconitum ,napellus7 grows four feet high1 and has a beautiful blossom of rich blue growing in quite large clusters4 ,the name must come from the resemblance each individual blossom bears to the capuchin of a monk4 ,these plants should be grown under tall trees1 for they cannot stand too strong sun1 and will blossom very late in the autumn if protected by the trees from frost4 ,i gathered them last year in ,november4 ,phloxes1 ,rudbeckias1 ,monkshood1 ,valerian1 ,lychnis1 ,tritomas1 ,iris1 ,peonies and ,veronica are best raised1 not from seed1 but by buying the plants1 and then after a time1 as ,i have said before1 dividing them4 ,for instance1 take a fine large plant of ,phlox of some choice variety1 divide all the roots and set out each one separately4 ,from one plant you may1 in two years' time1 get twenty splendid ones1 and the same with the other varieties ,i have mentioned4 ,rudbeckias1 of the ,golden ,glow variety1 grow from six to eight feet high1 and must be staked1 or when heavy with blossoms they will blow down or be beaten down by the rain4 ,each plant will bear quantities of long-stemmed double yellow blossoms1 which resemble a double ,dahlia4 ,these will keep nearly a week in water4 ,when the plant has finished blossoming1 cut down the tops1 and in ,october there will be a second crop of blossoms just above the ground4 ,the ,golden ,glow should be divided every other year1 and in this way it is even more remunerative than the ,phlox4 ,i started with fifty plants1 and think it will soon be possible to have a farm of them4 ,,list ,,of ,,hardy ,,perennials1 ,,with ,,height1 ,,colour ,,and ,,time ,,and ,,period ,,of ,,blooming1 ,,arranged ,,alphabetically4 ,aquilegia1 or ,columbine1 all colours2 one to two and one-half feet2 tenth of ,may to first week in ,june4 ,chrysanthemums1 all colours but blue2 three feet2 end of ,september until very cold weather4 ,delphiniums1 all shades of blue2 three to four feet2 ,july2 later crops after cutting down4 ,dianthus barbatus 7,sweet ,william71 red1 pink1 white2 one to two feet2 ,june4 ,dicentra spectabilis 7,bleeding ,heart71 red and white2 one to two feet2 ,may4 ,gaillardia1 yellow1 red center2 two feet2 ,july1 ,august and ,september until killed by frost4 ,illustration3 ,a single plant of ,phlox ,august twenty-fifth ,helianthus multiflorus plenus1 hardy double ,sunflower2 yellow2 four to five feet2 all summer4 ,hibiscus1 pink1 white2 four to five feet2 ,august and ,september4 ,hollyhocks1 all colours but blue2 single1 double1 four to eight feet2 tenth of ,july to middle of ,august2 two to five stalks on a plant4 ,hyacinthus candicans1 white2 four feet2 last three weeks of ,august4 ,iris ,germanica1 all colours2 two to three feet2 end of ,may to first of ,june4 ,lychnis 7,london ,pride71 scarlet2 two and one-half feet2 ,july4 ,oriental ,poppy1 scarlet1 also pink2 three feet2 end of ,may and first of ,june4 ,peonies1 all colours but blue2 two to two and one-half feet2 end of ,may1 for three weeks4 ,pentstemon1 many colours2 three feet2 ,august and ,september4 ,phlox1 all colours2 two to four feet2 early ,july until killed by frost1 if the heads are cut as soon as finished flowering4 ,platycodon ,mariesi1 blue2 one and one-half feet2 ,august4 ,rocket 7,hesperis ,matronalis71 white and purple2 two feet2 ,may4 ,rudbeckia 7,golden ,glow71 yellow2 five to eight feet2 middle of ,july to ,september first2 second crop in ,october4 ,tritoma 7,red-hot ,poker ,plant71 orange-scarlet2 three to four feet2 ,september and ,october until killed by frost4 ,valerian1 white2 three feet2 ,may and ,june4 ,veronica longifolia1 blue2 two feet2 ,august4 ,yucca filamentosa1 white2 three to five feet2 second and third weeks in ,july4 ,illustration3 ,vase of ,canterbury ,bells ,june twenty-first ,,biennials ,,and ,a ,,few ,,bedding-,,out ,,plants ,,chapter ,,ix ,,biennials ,,and ,a ,,few ,,bedding-,,out ,,plants ,there are but few hardy biennials4 ,the important ones1 which no garden should be without1 are3 ,digitalis 7,foxgloves7 and ,campanula medium1 7,canterbury ,bells47 ,foxgloves and ,canterbury ,bells bloom in ,june and ,july for more than a month1 and give a touch of glory to any garden4 ,catalogues and many gardening books say that the seeds should be sown in early autumn1 and the plants will bloom the following year4 ,it is true that they will bloom when sown in the autumn1 but unless kept over the winter in a cold-frame the plants will send up stalks1 only about a foot in height4 ,sow the seeds of ,foxgloves and ,canterbury ,bells in the shady part of the seed-bed in early ,april4 ,keep the young plants moist4 ,about the fifteenth of ,july1 if there are a large number of plants and there be no other place1 they should be transplanted to the vegetable garden1 where they can follow early crops of peas or lettuce4 ,have the ground spaded finely1 and make shallow trenches1 perhaps six inches deep1 in which put a good layer of manure and cover this with earth1 then set the plants about six inches apart4 ,keep them well watered when the weather is dry1 and the earth thoroughly stirred4 ,by the twentieth of ,september or the first of ,october they should be transplanted to the places where they are to bloom the following year4 ,the plants should then be a foot across1 and next ,june will send up several stalks about three feet high4 ,the ,canterbury ,bells should be six inches across in the fall1 and the next year about two feet high4 ,illustration3 ,a single plant of ,foxgloves2 ,white ,sweet ,william in front ,june thirteenth ,foxgloves seed themselves with great abundance1 unless the stalk is cut before the seed ripens4 ,in the spring ,i have the little plants1 seeded in this way from the year before1 taken from the borders and transplanted in rows1 and find they are larger and stronger than any others4 ,foxgloves1 white1 spotted and pale lilac1 are the pride of the garden4 ,plant them back of the ,sweet ,williams1 in clumps of six or eight1 or else with ,peonies4 ,they blossom at the same time1 and the pinks or reds of ,sweet ,williams or ,peonies1 with here and there a mass of white1 and the tall1 graceful spikes of the ,foxgloves rising above them1 produce so beautiful an effect that you will simply have to go and look at them many times a day4 ,canterbury ,bells4 ,let any one who has been at ,oxford in ,june and ,july recall the ,canterbury ,bells in those loveliest of all gardens1 ,new ,college and ,st4 ,johns1 and she will not rest until they have a place in her garden4 ,i did not know these flowers before going to ,oxford1 and after seeing them could not wait to raise them from seed1 but bought three dozen plants to look at the first year4 ,the roots that came to me were miserable little things1 and1 in spite of every care1 half of them died4 ,those which lived and bloomed were very lovely4 ,they begin to blossom with us about the sixth of ,june1 and last four or five weeks4 ,in colour they are white1 pink1 purple and blue4 ,canterbury ,bells and ,foxgloves are biennials4 ,they are sown one year and grow for a year1 then bloom and die4 ,this seems a great deal of trouble for one season's flowers1 but their beauty repays the gardener a hundred fold4 ,they require a slight winter protection of leaves or stable litter1 but care must be taken that the tops of the plants are not covered4 ,,the ,,bedding-,,out ,,plants ,and now a little about the only three bedding-out plants that ,i grow--,dahlias1 ,cannas and ,gladioli4 ,i should have said four1 for there is always a large bed of about four dozen ,scarlet ,salvia 7the ,bonfire variety is the best71 whose brilliant colour and sturdy growth cannot be spared4 ,they begin to blossom in ,july4 ,by driving a tall stake in the center1 and other stakes around the edge of the bed of ,salvia1 it can be covered with burlaps or carriage covers when the nights are frosty and preserved in all its beauty until ,november4 ,dahlias can be grown in rows in the vegetable garden1 if there be no other place for them4 ,they are decorative and desirable for cutting4 ,plant two or three tubers in a hill about the third week in ,april4 ,they should be planted eight inches deep and three feet apart1 and kept well staked4 ,the soil should not be too rich1 or they will all grow to stalk and leaf1 and blossom but little4 ,all the varieties are lovely1 the ,cactus kind more so1 perhaps1 than the others4 ,in the autumn1 when the tops have been killed by the frost1 the tubers must be taken up1 dried off carefully1 and stored in a cellar that does not freeze4 ,gladioli can be planted from ,april fifteenth to ,june fifteenth1 in beds by themselves or in clumps in the borders1 so that the blossoms may be had in succession4 ,gladioli come in many colours4 ,cannas1 the beautiful ,french varieties4 ,these1 of course1 are most effectively grown in masses1 and require full sun4 ,the roots1 like those of the ,dahlias1 increase so that there is almost double the quantity to plant the next spring4 ,it is well to have the ,cannas started in boxes in sunny windows1 in tool-room or carriage-house1 by mid-,april4 ,they can be kept through the winter with the ,dahlias and ,gladioli4 ,illustration3 ,vase of ,foxgloves ,june fourteenth ,,roses ,,chapter ,x ,,roses ,the ,rose asserts her right to the title of the queen of flowers through her very exclusiveness4 ,she insists upon being grown apart from other plants2 otherwise she sulks and is coy1 refusing to yield more than an occasional bloom4 ,i speak from experience1 having tried several times to grow ,roses in the front of wide borders1 where soil and sun and everything except the proximity of other plants was propitious4 ,but they scarcely bloomed at all4 ,now1 the same bushes1 planted in rows so that a cultivator may be run between them1 flourish satisfactorily4 ,grow ,roses1 then1 in beds by themselves or in rows4 ,if one has but half a dozen ,roses1 let them be grown apart from other plants4 ,pansies1 however1 can be grown in the ,rose beds1 as ,i have elsewhere described2 ,gladioli can also be planted among them without detriment to either4 ,the reason for this is that the roots of these two flowers are not deep and do not interfere with the nourishment of the ,roses4 ,roses on their own roots should live for years1 if given proper treatment4 ,witness the ,rose bushes in gardens1 where with but little care they have flourished more than a generation4 ,illustration3 ,summer-house1 covered with ,clematis and ,crimson ,rambler ,roses ,june twenty-first ,budded stock must be planted very deep4 ,the joint should be at least three inches under ground4 ,roses grown on their own roots are more expensive than the budded stock1 but a far better investment4 ,the budded stock is apt to send up from the parent root suckers or shoots of ,sweetbrier1 ,buckthorn1 ,flowering ,almond1 or whatever it may be4 ,these shoots must be carefully cut off4 ,a friend told me that1 when new to ,rose growing1 his bed of budded ,roses sent up so many strange shoots that1 not knowing what to do1 he dug them all up but one4 ,this he kept as a curiosity1 and now it is a bush of ,flowering ,almond six feet in circumference4 ,everblooming ,roses should be set out in the spring1 about the middle of ,april4 ,hybrid ,perpetual and ,hardy ,roses are best set out in autumn1 about ,october tenth4 ,when planting1 always cut the plants back to about a foot in height4 ,all ,roses should be lifted every three years1 late in ,october1 and plenty of manure1 with fresh earth and leaf-mould1 mixed with sand if the soil is heavy1 dug in4 ,after five or six years ,i dig up my ,roses about ,october tenth1 cut the tops down to about twelve inches1 cut out some of the old wood1 cut off the roots considerably1 trench the ground anew1 and replant4 ,the following year the ,roses may not bloom very profusely1 but afterwards for four or five years the yield will be great4 ,my physician in the country is a fine gardener1 and particularly successful with ,roses4 ,we have many delightful talks about gardening4 ,when ,i told him of my surgical operations upon the ,roses he was horrified at such barbarity1 and seemed to listen with more or less incredulity4 ,so ,i asked him if1 as a surgeon as well as physician1 he approved1 on occasion1 of lopping off a patient's limbs to prolong his life1 why he should not also sanction the same operation in the vegetable kingdom4 ,he was silent4 ,i shall not say much about ,roses1 because there is so much to say4 ,they need a book by themselves1 and many have already been written4 ,in my garden there are not more than five hundred ,roses1 including the climbing varieties4 ,they have done very well1 and have not been given more care than other plants4 ,illustration3 ,rose bed carpeted with ,pansies ,june twenty-first ,for years ,i did not grow ,roses1 fearing they would not be a success4 ,i had read about the beetles and spiders and other creatures that attack them1 and dreaded the spraying and insect-picking that all the books said must be done4 ,but1 of course1 ,i finally yielded to the temptation of having the very flower of all flowers1 in my garden1 and have found the trouble slight and the reward great4 ,i have them in beds in a little formal garden1 and in rows in a picking garden4 ,the beds and the trenches for the rows are both made in the usual way1 and every fall1 in late ,october1 before the ,pansies are set out as already described1 manure is dug in1 and in the early spring1 about the tenth of ,april1 a handful of finely ground fresh bone-meal is stirred in around each plant with a trowel4 ,they are sprayed with slug-shot three times between ,april tenth and ,may fifteenth1 when they get a thorough spraying with kerosene emulsion1 and1 as a result1 my ,roses are not troubled with the usual pests4 ,in ,november the hardy perpetuals are all cut back to about two feet in height1 and the old wood is thinned out4 ,the everblooming ,roses are cut back to a foot in height4 ,and ,roses6 well1 really1 no one could ask better from a garden4 ,i have not many varieties1 but when ,i left the country last fall1 the tenth of ,november1 although ice nearly an inch in thickness had formed1 there were ,roses still in bloom in the garden4 ,the very hardy ,roses1 which1 with a few exceptions1 bloom only in ,june and early ,july1 with an occasional flower in the autumn1 should be planted together1 as they need but slight covering4 ,in late ,november the hardy ones get about a foot of stable litter over the beds4 ,the everblooming kinds have six inches of manure1 then a foot of leaves1 and then a good covering of cedar branches over all4 ,but cover late and uncover early 7the very minute the frost is out of the ground71 or your ,roses will die4 ,if asked to name1 from my own experience1 the best dozen ,roses1 ,i should say the following were the most satisfactory3 ,general ,jacqueminot1 ,jubilee1 ,ulrich ,brunner1 ,madame ,plantier1 ,clothilde ,soupert1 ,kaiserin ,augusta ,victoria1 ,la ,france1 ,mrs4 ,robert ,garrett1 ,princess ,alice de ,monaco1 ,soleil d',or1 ,perle des ,jardins1 and ,mrs4 ,john ,laing or ,baroness ,rothschild4 ,paul ,neyron and ,prince ,camille de ,rohan might also be added to the list4 ,between ,mrs4 ,john ,laing and ,baroness ,rothschild1 it is a toss-up4 ,mrs4 ,john ,laing is a healthy1 strong ,rose1 and a most constant bloomer4 ,but none that grows is more beautiful than the ,baroness ,rothschild4 ,rather a shy bloomer2 still each ,rose1 on its long1 strong stem1 surrounded by the very fine foliage that distinguishes this variety1 makes a bouquet in itself4 ,baroness ,rothschild is also vigorous1 and ,i have never seen it attacked by the enemies of most ,roses4 ,climbing ,roses have so much use1 as well as beauty1 in a garden1 that my advice is1 wherever there is an excuse for having one1 plant it there4 ,they do finely on the south side of a house1 on arches1 summer-houses and trellises4 ,i have a trellis along one side of a grass walk three hundred and fifty feet long4 ,at each post are planted two ,roses1 a ,crimson ,rambler and a ,wichuraiana4 ,the ,wichuraiana blossoms when the ,rambler is done4 ,imagine the beauty of this trellis when the ,roses are in bloom6 ,on the other side of this walk there is a border four feet wide1 with shrubs at the back1 filled1 all of the three hundred and fifty feet1 with many varieties of perennials1 also with ,lilies and annuals planted in wherever a foot of space can be found4 ,all of the ,ramblers are good1 but none blooms so luxuriantly as the crimson4 ,the ,climbing ,clothilde ,soupert1 ,baltimore ,belle and ,climbing ,wootton are also fine4 ,of the ,wichuraiana ,hybrids1 ,jersey ,beauty and ,evergreen ,gem are the best4 ,the foliage is lovely1 and the perfume of the flowers delicious4 ,illustration3 ,canterbury ,bells blooming in a border ,june twenty-first ,the ,climbing ,roses should be yearly enriched in the spring with manure and bone-meal1 and1 after two years1 some old wood should be cut out every autumn4 ,many of the ,crimson ,ramblers and ,wichuraiana in my garden made growth last summer of splendid great canes1 larger around than one's thumb and from ten to fourteen feet long4 ,monday was the day for tying and training the ,roses1 and often it seemed impossible for them to grow so much in a week4 ,it would have been incredible1 had we not the actual proof before our eyes4 ,,list ,,of ,,hybrid ,,perpetual ,,and ,,hardy ,,roses ,,blooming ,,in ,,june1 ,,with ,,an ,,occasional ,,bloom ,,in ,,september ,red ,general ,jacqueminot ,prince ,camilla de ,rohan1 7darkest ,rose of all74 ,jubilee4 ,baron ,bonstetten4 ,general ,washington4 ,john ,hopper4 ,ulrich ,brunner4 ,victor ,verdier4 ,pink ,mrs4 ,john ,laing 7constant bloomer74 ,anne de ,diesbach4 ,la ,france 7blooms all summer74 ,magna ,charta4 ,mme4 ,gabriel ,luizet4 ,baroness ,rothschild4 ,paul ,neyron4 ,white ,margaret ,dickson4 ,coquette des ,alpes4 ,white ,maman ,cochet 7blooms continually74 ,madame ,plantier 7blooms continually74 ,coquette des ,blanches4 ,mme4 ,alfred ,carriere4 ,marchioness of ,londonderry4 ,yellow ,i know but two hardy yellow ,roses3 ,the ,persian ,yellow4 ,soleil d',or4 ,the monthly or everblooming ,roses1 which need very heavy covering in winter1 should be planted together4 ,the following are a few of the best and most constant bloomers3 ,kaiserin ,augusta ,victoria1 white4 ,bride1 white4 ,clothilde ,soupert1 white with faint blush center4 ,madame ,hoste1 creamy white4 ,perle des ,jardins1 yellow4 ,sunset1 yellow4 ,mlle4 ,germaine ,trochon1 yellow4 ,american ,beauty1 rich crimson4 ,marion ,dingee1 deep crimson4 ,souvenir de ,wootton1 crimson4 ,bridesmaid1 pink4 ,hermosa1 pink4 ,madame de ,watteville1 pink4 ,burbank1 pink4 ,mrs4 ,robert ,garrett1 pink4 ,princess ,alice de ,monaco1 petals white1 edged with blush-pink4 ,,lilies ,,chapter ,,xi ,,lilies ,lilies1 too1 should have a book for themselves4 ,my knowledge of them is slight4 ,lilium auratum 7,auratum ,lily71 the grandest of all ,lilies1 disappears after a few years4 ,if large-sized bulbs are bought there will be the first year from twenty to thirty ,lilies on a stalk four feet high1 the second year seven to ten1 the third year perhaps two or three1 but oftener none at all4 ,if you then dig for the bulb1 lo6 it is gone4 ,the expense1 therefore1 of these ,lilies is great1 from their having to be often renewed4 ,still1 do not fail to have them1 if possible1 for nothing can take their place4 ,they bloom from the middle of ,july for about a month4 ,i wrote to an authority on ,lilies to ask the cause of this disappearance4 ,he told me that1 as soon as planted in this country1 a microbe disease attacked them and they gradually disappeared under its ravages4 ,botanists surely should find a specific1 or antidote for this2 but perhaps1 like some of the most terrible diseases of the human being1 it evades all research4 ,miss ,jekyll1 in her book on ,lilies for ,english ,gardens1 in speaking of ,lilium auratum says3 ,this grand ,lily1 well planted1 and left alone for three years1 will probably then be at its best4 ,after this the bulbs will be likely to have increased so much that it will be well to divide them4 ,this would seem to imply that the ,auratums thrive in ,england4 ,well1 they have climate in ,england1 even if we have weather1 and ,english gardens will always fill ,american gardeners with despair4 ,illustration3 ,lilium auratum growing behind ,peonies and ,columbines that bloomed earlier ,august tenth ,lilium candidum1 which blooms before the other ,lilies1 is hardy and fragrant and increases rapidly4 ,these ,lilies must have full sun and light soil4 ,about every three or four years they can be separated1 which should be done as soon as the stalks turn yellow1 as the bulb makes an autumn growth4 ,for this reason the ,candidums must always be bought and planted by the tenth of ,september4 ,other ,lilies may be planted in the spring1 when the frost leaves the ground1 or in ,october4 ,lilium speciosum rubrum thrives and increases in our climate1 needs a partly shaded location and1 therefore1 does well when planted among ,rhododendrons4 ,it blooms after the ,auratum1 the end of ,august and first two weeks of ,september4 ,lilium speciosum album blooms at the same time as ,lilium rubrum4 ,it is a beautiful pure white ,lily with wax-like curved petals1 grows best in full sun1 and averages six ,lilies on a stalk1 although ,i have often counted more4 ,lilium longiflorum blooms early in ,july4 ,these lilies are very much like the ,bermuda ,lily1 except that they have1 as a rule1 about four blossoms on a stalk1 and are hardy4 ,in my garden they have not increased4 ,hansoni1 a ,japanese ,lily1 flowering in ,june2 bright yellow in color2 perfectly hardy and very desirable4 ,lilium ,canadense 7the ,meadow ,lily71 yellow1 red and orange1 increases1 and is very satisfactory1 but likes as moist a situation as possible4 ,tigrinum1 the old ,tiger ,lilies1 both single and double4 ,these bloom in ,july1 increase rapidly1 and by planting1 when fully ripened1 the little black bulbils which form on the stalk1 any number of bulbs can be raised4 ,funkia subcordata is the old-fashioned white ,day ,lily of our grandmothers' gardens4 ,the broad leaves of this plant are almost as handsome as the spikes of bloom4 ,these ,lilies flower best when grown in the sun1 but then the leaves turn yellow--so give them a partly shaded place4 ,funkia crulea1 with the blue blossom1 is worthy of a place in the garden1 though far from being as effective as the white-flowered variety4 ,i also grow the kind with the small white and green variegated leaves for the sake of the foliage1 so useful in house decoration4 ,funkias are not1 botanically speaking1 ,lilies1 but are mentioned in this chapter because popularly known as ,day ,lilies and on account of the lily-like form of their blossoms4 ,lily-of-the-valley should have a place in every garden4 ,absolutely hardy1 requiring no care1 it blooms prolifically in early ,may1 fills the air with its fragrance1 and is beloved by every one4 ,the ,german name for this flower1 ,mai ,glcken 7,may ,bells7 is particularly appropriate4 ,i have heard of one woman whose bed of these flowers1 four feet by fifty feet1 has yielded as many as twenty thousand sprays in one season4 ,the pips can be set out the end of ,october or the beginning of ,november4 ,if the bed is quite large1 when the ,lilies have finished blooming1 some can be lifted here and there and transplanted4 ,as the pips increase rapidly1 their places will soon be filled4 ,lilies-of-the-valley do best in a partially shaded place1 and require a deep1 rich soil1 well mixed with leaf-mould4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,lily bed should be prepared1 if the place is damp and drainage not good1 by digging out the soil for three feet1 and putting a foot of cobblestones in the bottom2 then fill up with a mixture of good soil1 leaf-mould and sand1 and very old1 well-rotted manure4 ,in the ordinary garden that is not wet1 two feet are enough to dig out the bed1 and the cobblestones can be omitted4 ,lilies should always be set with a handful of sand around the bulb1 to prevent any possibility of manure coming in contact with it1 as the manure will destroy the bulb4 ,illustration3 ,vase of ,lilium auratum ,august second ,in my garden there is no special place prepared for the ,lilies1 but they are grown in all the borders1 the ,rubrums in the shade1 the others in the sun1 and this year there have been thousands of them4 ,if there are no woods near1 where the men can gather leaf-mould1 have the rakings of the autumn leaves put in a pile1 cover with boards1 and occasionally during the spring and summer have them well forked over2 the next autumn there will be a quantity of the finest thing for ,lilies1 ,rhododendrons1 ,ferns1 or indeed any kind of plant4 ,this should be mixed in a pile in the proportion of one wheelbarrow of mould1 two of good soil1 two coal-scuttlefuls of wood-ashes1 one-half barrow of old manure and two spadefuls of fine bone-meal4 ,there is also nothing better for the ,roses than some of this mixture4 ,all ,lilies do better if well mulched with clippings of lawn grass or with very old manure4 ,the varieties of ,lilies mentioned are the easiest grown and the most satisfactory4 ,lilies should always be planted in clumps of the same kind--never less than six1 and the number increased according to the size of the garden4 ,alternate clumps of a dozen each of ,lilium auratum and ,lilium album planted in a border just behind ,foxgloves and ,canterbury ,bells will come into bloom when these two biennials have finished1 the ,auratum first1 then the ,album2 these four flowers will keep the border gay from early in ,june until the middle of ,september4 ,lilies should be planted about eight inches deep1 and have a covering of litter late in the autumn4 ,illustration3 ,vase of ,lilium speciosum album and rubrum ,september sixth ,,spring-,,flowering ,,bulbs ,,chapter ,,xii ,,spring-,,flowering ,,bulbs ,bulbs can be planted at any time in the autumn before the ground freezes2 the first week in ,november is as good a time as any4 ,the cost of ,tulips1 ,narcissi and ,daffodils is not great4 ,they multiply and need not be disturbed for three or four years4 ,snowdrops4 ,the earliest of all flowers to bloom is the ,snowdrop4 ,after the long1 cold winter1 with the melting of the snow and the first suspicion of milder air1 these frail beauties send up their graceful bells of white4 ,with what triumph the first one is found and brought to the house1 and what a thrill of joy it gives to know that spring will soon be here6 ,snowdrops can be planted thickly in the borders and also1 like ,crocuses1 in the grass4 ,the foliage of both will die before it is time to mow the lawn4 ,crocuses1 which should be planted in the grass1 will begin to bloom as soon as the ,snowdrops pass4 ,the gay little things make the lawn1 while still brown1 a carpet of bright colors4 ,i heard of a gentleman who planted ten thousand of them in this way1 and was rewarded by a most beautiful display at a time when there were no other flowers4 ,illustration3 ,garden arch1 covered with ,japanese gourds ,august twenty-seventh ,tulips ,i plant everywhere in the borders about four inches apart1 all kinds1 such as single1 double1 ,gesnerianas and ,parrot ,tulips2 but always a quantity of only one kind together4 ,the bed where later the ,salvias are put1 has three hundred ,golden ,yellow ,tulips4 ,when these have faded1 the ,salvia plants are set out in the same bed1 without disturbing the bulbs4 ,this can be done if the men are careful1 and when the ,tulip leaves are quite yellow they are cut off 7for unless allowed to ripen the bulb does not grow and multiply74 ,every three years all ,tulips are dug up in the autumn1 after the ,salvias have died2 the bed is then made very rich1 and the ,tulips reset4 ,there are generally more than enough to refill the bed4 ,the same treatment is pursued in the ,canna bed1 only here the ,tulips are double white4 ,tulips will bloom from ,april twentieth until the last of ,may1 if both the very early as well as the late kinds are planted4 ,the late varieties are the ,parrot and ,gesneriana1 which latter grow two feet high and are very showy4 ,i have been constantly surprised to find that many good gardeners take up all bulbs when through flowering in the spring1 store through the summer and replant in the autumn4 ,this is not only unnecessary1 but it is better for the bulbs to remain in the ground as nature intended4 ,mine have always been so treated and have been successful4 ,in planting bulbs in newly prepared soil1 great care must be taken that they do not come in contact with manure4 ,to prevent this1 the man should have a box of sand1 in a handful of which each bulb should be set4 ,spring-flowering bulbs should be planted about four inches deep4 ,poeticus ,narcissus and ,daffodils1 both single and double1 do well when naturalized in grass that need not be cut until the foliage of the bulb has died in ,june4 ,they also make a very good edging for a border along a walk4 ,the single ,van ,sion and ,emperor ,narcissus are excellent varieties4 ,the old-fashioned sweet-scented ,jonquil and double ,van ,sion1 or ,double ,yellow ,daffodil1 are as satisfactory as any of the numerous kinds named in the catalogues4 ,one early spring1 the ,double ,yellow ,daffodils were all in bloom on the tenth of ,april4 ,narcissi and ,daffodils live for generations4 ,i know some double yellow ,daffodils growing in my great-grandfather's garden1 that were planted over seventy years ago4 ,the place was sold and the house burned about thirty years since1 and all this time has been entirely neglected4 ,some one told me that ,daffodils and ,narcissi still bloomed there bravely in the grass4 ,with a cousin1 one lovely day last spring1 ,i took the train out to this old place and there found quantities of the dainty yellow flowers4 ,we had come unprovided with any gardening implements1 having nothing of the kind in town1 and brought only a basket for the spoils1 and a steel table-knife4 ,we quickly found the knife of no avail1 so borrowed a sadly broken coal-shovel from a tumble-down sort of a man who stood gazing at us from the door of a tumble-down house4 ,the roots of the ,daffodils were very deep1 and neither of us could use a spade1 so the driver of the ramshackle wagon taken at the station was pressed into service4 ,handling of shovel or spade was evidently an unknown art to him4 ,the ,daffodil roots were nearly a foot deep1 but we finally got them1 several hundreds of them1 all we could carry4 ,the driver seemed to think us somewhat mad and said ,them's only some kind of weed1 but when ,i told him the original bulbs from which all these had come were planted by my great-grandmother and her daughter1 and that ,i wanted to carry some away1 to plant in my own garden1 he became interested and dug with all his heart4 ,the bulbs were in solid clumps a foot across and had to be pulled apart and separated4 ,they were the old ,double ,yellow ,daffodil and a very large double white variety1 the edges of the petals faintly tinged with yellow and delightfully fragrant4 ,my share of the spoils is now thriving in my garden4 ,by the process of division every three years1 these ,daffodils can be made to yield indefinitely1 and perhaps some great-grandchild of my own may gather their blossoms4 ,illustration3 ,vase of ,phlox2 single blossoms actual size ,august second ,hyacinths1 too1 should have a place in the spring garden4 ,they are more expensive1 as a rule1 than ,tulips1 ,narcissi and ,daffodils1 but1 in large or small quantities1 are well worth the money4 ,the single varieties are generally preferred1 while1 of all kinds1 the white and pale blue are the loveliest4 ,nothing in the garden gives so much pleasure as the early spring flowers4 ,perhaps this is because they are the first to bloom4 ,every one knows how beautiful the first lovely ,dandelion seems1 gold-starring the new grass4 ,many bulbs can be had for little money1 and ,i would say to all1 plant as many as you can squeeze in4 ,from ,april fifteenth to ,may fifteenth ,i receive in town1 twice a week1 great boxes of spring flowers from my garden1 enough each time to fill sixteen to twenty vases2 yet my orders to the men are to cut always so that the flowers cannot be missed from the garden4 ,,shrubs ,illustration3 ,spira ,van ,houttei ,may thirty-first ,,chapter ,,xiii ,,shrubs ,of the hundreds of shrubs1 comparatively few survive the severe winter climate of interior ,new ,york1 or grow very luxuriantly4 ,lilacs of all varieties1 white and purple1 single and double2 ,deutzias1 white and pink2 and ,syringa1 the improved large-flowered variety1 are most beautiful4 ,spira ,van ,houttei1 sometimes called ,bridal ,wreath1 with its long trails of white blossoms2 and ,viburnum plicatum1 or ,japanese ,snowball1 which in late ,may bears a ball of bloom on every twig and is both healthy and hardy1 are also desirable shrubs4 ,the old variety of ,snowball is attacked by a blight1 the leaves curl up and grow black and the blooms are imperfect4 ,a few years ago ,i dug up all of mine and burned them4 ,altheas1 or ,rose of ,sharon1--not by any means the old purplish red variety1 but the beautiful new double white and double pale pink kinds1 with blossoms coming in ,august and reminding one of ,camellias1--are indispensable4 ,do not fail to have ,hydrangea paniculata1 with its great heads of white bloom1 slowly changing to dull pink1 and lasting quite six weeks4 ,illustration3 ,hydrangea paniculata grandiflora ,august twenty-sixth ,japanese ,barberry1 a dwarf shrub1 covered in autumn with scarlet berries which remain on the bush all winter1 is very ornamental4 ,many of us remember ,calycanthus floridus1 or the ,sweet-scented ,shrub of our young days1 when the children would tie two or three of the queer brown blossoms in the corner of a handkerchief to regale their less fortunate companions with a sniff of the delicious odor4 ,forsythia and ,laburnum1 or ,golden ,chain1 both have yellow blossoms4 ,others are1 ,weigela ,rosea1 the well-known pink-flowering shrub2 ,rhus ,cotinus1 or ,purple ,fringe1 and ,cydonia ,japonica1 or ,japanese ,quince1 deep rose-pink1 flowering early in the spring4 ,these all yield beautiful flowers1 beside being hardy and of rapid growth4 ,all shrubs should be trimmed as soon as they have finished flowering1 but only enough to prevent their becoming spindling1 with the exception of ,hydrangea grandiflora1 which should be trimmed back1 at least three-quarters of the new growth1 every year4 ,it is important1 also1 to thin out the old wood of most shrubs after five or six years4 ,shrubs can be grown from cuttings if one has patience to wait for the result4 ,but as it takes from three to four years' time and considerable care to grow a shrub that would cost but twenty cents1 for which price many varieties of shrubs can be bought1 few people care to raise them4 ,on a large place it might be worth while to raise shrubs from cuttings4 ,and where there is plenty of space1 a small nursery of them might be kept4 ,at the end of ,june take clippings about a foot long1 make a shallow trench in good ground and plant them a couple of inches deep4 ,they should be well rooted1 in about six weeks4 ,if the weather be dry1 after planting them1 they must be watered daily4 ,the following spring they should be reset1 a foot apart1 where they can grow until transplanted to their final resting place4 ,i know a beautiful hedge of ,cydonia ,japonica1 or ,japanese ,quince1 that has been grown from cuttings4 ,privet can easily be grown from cuttings1 and ,i have raised ,box from clippings4 ,fortunately1 the season was a wet one1 for if allowed to become dry before being well rooted1 they would probably have died4 ,,list ,,of ,,most ,,satisfactory ,,shrubs ,altheas1 pink or white2 blooms in ,august4 ,jeanne d',arc1 pure double white1 the best4 ,grows six to eight feet in five years2 must be trimmed in ,october4 ,berberis ,thunbergii1 or ,barberry1 of slow growth2 about three feet high2 desirable for its beautiful foliage and scarlet fruit in winter4 ,calycanthus floridus1 or ,sweet-scented ,shrub4 ,it yields its brown blossoms the end of ,may2 slow-growing2 requires but little trimming2 height1 five to six feet4 ,cydonia ,japonica1 ,japanese ,quince1 has brilliant red blossoms in early ,may2 grows six to seven feet high4 ,deutzia crenata1 variety of pale pink1 and ,candidissima1 white2 of rapid growth1 and very high2 six to eight feet in five years4 ,forsythia blooms in ,april with masses of yellow flowers2 moderate1 quick growth2 seldom over six feet high4 ,hydrangea paniculata grandiflora1 the finest of all hardy shrubs4 ,the flowers are great panicles of white4 ,they bloom about the first of ,august and remain beautiful for six weeks1 slowly changing to a soft1 dull pink4 ,this shrub is most effective when grown in masses of a dozen or more1 although single specimens are very fine4 ,they must be vigorously cut back late every fall1 leaving only about six inches of new growth4 ,lilac1 common purple and common white2 also ,marie ,legray1 a fine white ,lilac1 and ,madame ,lemoine1 a new double variety bearing very large trusses of flowers4 ,all of these varieties of ,lilac grow high and rapidly--frequently eight feet in six years4 ,they require little or no pruning4 ,it is sufficient to cut the blossoms either before or after they go to seed4 ,lonicera rosea and ,lonicera albida1 upright ,honeysuckles1 in shrub form1 vigorous1 quick-growing1 requiring but slight pruning in late autumn4 ,they flower in ,may1 and in midsummer are covered with beautiful berries4 ,illustration3 ,vase of ,hydrangea paniculata grandiflora ,september tenth ,magnolia conspicua1 with large white blossoms1 blooms the middle of ,april2 ,soulangeana has large pink flowers and blossoms the end of ,april4 ,magnolias should be pruned when set out1 and should be moved only in spring4 ,philadelphus syringa1 or ,mock ,orange2 grandiflorus is the finest4 ,the flowers are pure white1 very fragrant and bloom about the middle of ,june4 ,the shrub grows high1 is perfectly hardy and in every way satisfactory4 ,it should be trimmed as soon as it has finished blossoming4 ,cut back about three-quarters of the new growth2 it will then send out side shoots and become continually thicker4 ,privet4 ,the common ,privet is of very rapid growth and excellent for a screen4 ,it should be trimmed the end of ,june1 but only enough to prevent its becoming scraggly4 ,the ,california ,privet is not so hardy4 ,rhus ,cotinus1 popularly known as ,smoke ,tree or ,purple ,fringe1 grows as high as a small tree and requires almost no pruning4 ,in midsummer it is covered with fine1 mist-like1 purple flowers4 ,spira ,van ,houttei4 ,this is one of the most satisfactory shrubs2 is rather dwarf in habit1 growing about five feet high4 ,the end of ,may it is covered with clusters of white flowers on long1 pendulous branches4 ,trim as soon as it has finished blooming1 cutting off about half of the new growth4 ,spira ,anthony ,waterer1 another ,spirea1 very dwarf1 only about a foot in height1 and covered with bright crimson flowers from ,june to ,october4 ,viburnum plicatum1 ,japan ,snowball1 one of the finest shrubs4 ,it grows about six feet high1 and is completely covered with its balls of snow in early ,june4 ,it requires comparatively little trimming4 ,weigela4--,the two most satisfactory varieties of this shrub are ,candida1 whose blossoms are white1 and ,rosea1 with pink flowers4 ,they bloom most freely about the tenth of ,june1 when each shrub becomes a mass of flowers4 ,care must be taken to cut out the old wood from time to time1 and to trim after the shrub has finished blooming4 ,a ,,few ,,evergreen ,,shrubs ,of evergreen shrubs1 ,kalmia latifolia1 or ,mountain ,laurel1 is most satisfactory1 growing three to four feet high4 ,it is covered in early ,june with large clusters of pale pink and white flowers4 ,rhododendron maximum1 the large-leaved hardy ,american variety4 ,under cultivation this shrub seldom grows more than six feet high2 in the woods it is found much larger4 ,japanese ,holly1 a dense-growing shrub about four feet high1 with deep glossy green foliage4 ,tree ,box1 generally trimmed in standard or pyramidal form and very slow-growing4 ,,perennial ,,vines ,,and ,,creepers ,ampelopsis quinquefolia1 ,virginia ,creeper4 ,ampelopsis ,veitchi1 ,boston ,ivy4 ,aristolochia ,sipho1 ,dutchman's ,pipe4 ,bignonia radicans1 ,trumpet ,creeper4 ,clematis paniculata1 clusters of fine white flowers4 ,clematis ,henryi1 large white flowers4 ,clematis ,jackmani1 large purple flowers4 ,english ,ivy4 ,honeysuckle1 ,hall's ,japan1 ,golden ,japan4 ,hops4 ,vitis ,coigneti1 ,japanese ornamental grapevine2 rapid grower4 ,wistaria1 both purple and white4 ,a ,,few ,,of ,,the ,,best ,,annual ,,vines ,coba scandens1 purple and white4 ,moonflower1 white4 ,japanese ,morning-glory1 all colors4 ,passion ,flower1 blue and white2 must be started very early1 and if well protected will sometimes survive the winter4 ,japanese ,gourd4 ,this must be descended from ,jonah's ,gourd of biblical fame1 as it often grows from forty to fifty feet in a summer4 ,it has yellow flowers and gourds1 and is very decorative4 ,,water1 ,,walks1 ,,lawns1 ,,box-,,edgings1 ,,sun-,,dial ,,and ,,pergola ,,chapter ,,xiv ,,water1 ,,walks1 ,,lawns1 ,,box-,,edging1 ,,sun-,,dial ,,and ,,pergola ,it is not advisable to arrange for a garden of any size without considering the question of water4 ,within the limits of a town supply there is only the comparatively simple matter of laying the pipes4 ,but when the place is dependent upon its own water system1 the amount to be counted upon and the situation of the garden with reference to the source of supply must be seriously considered4 ,if possible the garden hydrants should not be more than fifty feet apart4 ,this greatly facilitates watering4 ,when further apart1 plants are in danger of being injured by the unwieldy hose4 ,a nozzle that will regulate the flow of water from a fine spray to a strong stream will be found convenient4 ,opinions differ upon the best way to lay water-pipes through a place1 some preferring to put them but a foot under ground1 and turn off the water in winter2 others lay them in trenches three and a half to four feet deep1 so that they are beyond all danger from frost4 ,this latter plan was followed in my garden and ,i recommend it as being most satisfactory4 ,the watering of a garden requires nearly as much judgment as the seasoning of a soup4 ,keep the soil well stirred and loose on the surface1 going through the garden1 where possible1 with a rake2 and if there is no room for a rake1 stir gently with a trowel every five days or once a week4 ,in this way moisture will be retained in the soil1 since the loose earth acts as a mulch4 ,illustration3 ,vase of double hardy ,sunflowers 7,helianthus multiflorus plenus7 ,september fifteenth ,when watering1 be generous4 ,soak the plants to the roots2 wet all the earth around them1 and do it late in the afternoon1 when the sun is low4 ,how often have ,i been obliged to chide the men for watering too early in the afternoon1 and not doing it thoroughly1 for1 upon stirring the ground1 ,i would find that the water had penetrated but a couple of inches4 ,during long periods of dry weather1 the garden1 without water1 will simply wither and burn4 ,rhododendrons1 ,ferns and ,lilies suffer in dry time1 even though well mulched1 and must be kept moist4 ,japanese ,iris blooms but indifferently unless quite wet4 ,when dry weather continues for a long period ,i divide the garden into three parts2 one part is thoroughly watered every evening1 and the following day the soil is stirred4 ,in this way the plants suffer comparatively little4 ,for years we had no water supply through the gardens1 and really1 in dry weather1 life had no pleasure for me because of my unhappiness at the sight of the withered garden4 ,i would drag watering-cans about1 and beg and bribe all the family to do likewise4 ,every afternoon1 about five o'clock1 one of the men would fill eight ten-gallon milk-cans with water1 put them in a wagon1 and drive about the place watering the flower beds and borders4 ,frequently he would fill these cans three times in one afternoon4 ,this1 as may be imagined1 was slow and unsatisfactory work1 and1 except in the case of a small garden1 is too great a task4 ,often in a dry time1 after dinner1 ,i bethink me of the ,rhododendrons or ,ferns or ,iris1 or some other plants to which drought means death1 and ,i feel sure that boy has not watered them enough4 ,then1 in ten minutes the garden skirt1 shoes and gloves are on1 and those thirsty plants get a drenching to their very roots such as they would never receive from any perfunctory boy or gardener4 ,i go to bed warm and weary1 yet sleep is sweet from satisfaction at the thought of the garden's happiness4 ,,walks ,unquestionably1 walks near the house should be graveled2 they naturally have too hard usage to keep turf in good condition4 ,graveled walks should be dug out a foot or more in depth1 filled in with broken stone1 this covered well with coarse gravel1 and finished with a coating of a couple of inches of whatever fine gravel is chosen4 ,a walk thus made will be dry and well drained and weeds have little chance to grow4 ,the most beautiful walks of all are those of grass4 ,strange to say1 they are seldom seen in this country4 ,through any garden1 some little distance from the house1 where they will be walked on only by those going to the garden1 the turf-walks1 with ordinary care1 will last well1 require only the usual cutting with the lawn-mower1 and1 especially if edged with ,box1 should be the very pride and joy of the possessor's heart4 ,the ground for such walks should be spaded deeply with plenty of manure1 raked carefully and made very smooth4 ,prepare in ,september1 and by the fifteenth or twentieth sow1 very thickly1 a mixture of one-third each to the bushel of ,kentucky ,blue ,grass1 ,long ,island ,bent ,grass and ,red ,top4 ,roll thoroughly1 and if the weather be dry have the newly sown paths sprinkled daily and kept moist4 ,the tender grass should appear in two weeks1 and will continue to grow during ,october4 ,illustration3 ,vase of ,monkshood ,september thirtieth ,about ,thanksgiving time of the first year1 cover with a layer of straw1 and uncover about the twenty-fifth of ,march4 ,at this time it is well to sow thinly some more grass seed of the same kinds1 and again roll1 the reason for the additional spring sowing being to replace any of the grass that may have been winter-killed4 ,about the twentieth of ,april spread cotton-seed meal1 the best of all fertilizers for grass1 all over the paths4 ,for years we have had the lawns covered with stable manure in ,february and raked off the first of ,april1 and for years ,i have waged war with the weeds and wild grasses4 ,but sow cotton-seed meal early in ,april1 and if possible give the paths a little wood-ashes in ,june2 the result will be a hundred per cent better than from the use of manure4 ,cotton-seed meal should not be sown too thickly1 and wood-ashes must be spread thinly1 so as not to burn the grass4 ,the men tell me that a sharp-pointed mason's trowel is more satisfactory than any other tool for removing weeds from the lawns and grass paths4 ,if this is carefully attended to the end of ,may1 and again the latter part of ,june1 and only artificial fertilizer used1 there will be but little trouble with weeds in the grass4 ,,box-,,edging ,box-edging should be set out in the spring1 that it may be thoroughly rooted before winter4 ,great care must be taken in setting out the ,box1 that the row be absolutely straight and even4 ,the garden cord is carefully stretched2 a shallow1 narrow trench is dug with the spade1 and then the little plants are placed about three inches apart1 each plant against the string4 ,the trench is half filled in with earth1 then a layer of manure1 and finally more earth packed down4 ,box planted in this way should grow and thrive1 especially if given1 along in ,may1 a little bone-meal4 ,illustration3 ,sun-dial in center of formal garden ,august second ,i write feelingly of ,box-edging to-day4 ,last week1 ,holy ,week1 ,i spent in the country1 and most of my time was passed on my knees4 ,for1 when not at church or driving the intervening five miles1 ,i was setting out plants in the garden1 and that1 like one's prayers1 requires kneeling4 ,four men were working1 setting out plants and trees1 but the earth was so sweet and warm and brown that it was impossible to keep away from it4 ,with trowel in hand and joy in my heart1 ,i set out hundreds of little ,box plants1 transplanted ,columbines1 ,foxgloves and ,canterbury ,bells4 ,big robins were hopping tamely about1 calling to one another2 blackbirds and meadow-larks were singing their refrains2 the brave plants were pushing their way through the earth to new life1 and ,i thought how good it was to be alive1 to have a garden to dig in1 and1 above all1 to be well and able to dig4 ,with work in the garden care and worry vanish4 ,the cook 7as some cooks of mine have done7 may announce that 'tis a woild waste of a place4 ,i be lavin' the mornin'4 ,the hamper of meat does not arrive on the one train from town1 or somebody smashes something very dear to your heart1--just go to the garden1 tie up some ,roses or vines1 or poke about with a trowel1 and though murder may have been in your thoughts1 in half an hour serenity will return4 ,and what does it all matter1 anyway8 ,another maid can cook for a few days1 and there are always bacon and eggs4 ,philosophy is inevitably learned in a garden4 ,speaking of eggs1 ,i think of hens4 ,living on a farm1 of course there have always been hens and chickens4 ,these creatures were provided with houses and yards and fences1 and given every inducement to remain where they belonged2 yet with diabolical ingenuity they would escape from their quarters1 dig under the fence1 fly over it1 or some one would leave a door or a gate open1 and then1 with one accord1 all the flock would make for the gardens and scratch and roll in the borders4 ,this sort of thing happened repeatedly1 until ,i felt there must be a league between the farmer's wife and the hens4 ,but the limit of endurance was reached when1 one afternoon1 coming out to look at a bed of several dozen ,chrysanthemums set out in the morning1 ,i found the poor plants all scratched out of the ground1 broken and wilted4 ,then in wrath the fiat went forth1 ,no more hens on this farm1 those on hand to be eaten at once4 ,for days a patient family had hen soup1 hen croquettes1 hen salad and hen fricassee1 until the last culprit came to her end4 ,,sun-,,dial ,there is no more charming and interesting addition to a garden than a sun-dial4 ,for hundreds of years sun-dials have been used as timekeepers1 and though some of the very old ones were occasionally set into the faade of a building1 they are generally found in the plaisaunce or garden1 mounted upon quaint pedestals4 ,sun-dials are supposed1 by their owners1 to keep accurate time1 but it must be remembered that there is always a difference between clock-time and sun-time4 ,while1 to-day1 our lives are frequently portioned into minutes1 and it would seem as if one might loiter and be lazy in a garden1 if anywhere1 still even among the flowers we find a tempus fugit4 ,for a time after my sun-dial was set1 it was amusing to notice how often1 about half after eleven o'clock1 and again at five1 this late addition to the garden would claim the attention of the workmen4 ,my sun-dial stands in the center of a formal garden where four paths meet1 forming a circle twenty feet across4 ,the pedestal is a simple column of marble1 four and one-half feet high1 slightly tapering toward the top1 with beveled corners4 ,this is placed on a stone foundation three and one-half feet deep1 laid in cement4 ,the pedestal ,i found at the yard of a second-hand building-material man1 on ,avenue ,b1 in ,new ,york city4 ,after it had been set in place1 ,i wanted it rubbed up and a chipped place smoothed4 ,the only available man for this work1 was the gravestone-cutter from the nearest town4 ,when he was recognized at work in the garden by passing countrymen1 they supposed1 of course1 that some one was buried there1 and many have been the inquiries as to whose be that mouny-ment4 ,crimson ,rambler ,roses twine about the pedestal4 ,at the corners of the four paths are standard ,box trees1 which stand like sentinels1 and between them there are ,bay trees in terra-cotta vases of simple shape--copies of antique ones4 ,the dial made for the latitude bears this inscription1 ,utere praesenti1 memor ultimae 7,use the present hour1 mindful of the last71 which ,i found in an old book on sun-dials in the ,avery ,library1 at ,columbia ,university4 ,,pergola ,across the end of this garden is a rustic pergola seventy feet long1 made of cedar posts cut from the woods on the farm1 ten posts on a side1 each post being set four feet deep4 ,a string-piece of heavy chestnut rests on the tops of each row of posts4 ,cedar poles ten inches apart extend across the top and project two feet over each side4 ,the pergola is eight feet wide and ten feet high1 is easy to build and very effective4 ,care must be taken to set the posts at least four feet4 ,at each post are planted a two-year-old root of ,wistaria and one of ,virginia ,creeper1 and ,i live in the hope of some day seeing the vines cover the pergola4 ,the ground slopes gently where this is built1 and the first autumn after it was made1 it looked1 from a little distance1 so much like a section of an elevated railroad as to be very depressing4 ,but one must possess imagination to be a gardener1 and have the ability to see the garden as it will look next year4 ,so ,i refused to see the pergola except as clothed with vines1 and in ,may1 with the beautiful racemes of ,purple ,wistaria hanging from every rafter4 ,patience and perseverance are traits necessary to the gardener4 ,one must not be discouraged1 but determined to succeed4 ,if a set of plants die1 or do not flourish this year1 try them again next season1 under different conditions1 until the difficulties are overcome4 ,i have known people who began gardening as a mere pastime when over forty years old1 and who have told me what an absorbing interest it had become and how greatly it changed the whole aspect of life for them in the country4 ,what a delightful tie1 fondness for gardening makes between people6 ,i know several men with beautiful places and lovely gardens in which they take the warmest personal interest4 ,whenever ,i meet one of them at dinner1 if by chance ,i am not seated next to him1 ,i am unhappy and cannot listen sympathetically1 either to the enthusiasm of the man on one side whose heart is1 perhaps1 bound up in golf1 or to the laments of my neighbor on the other1 who may be suffering from rheumatism or gout1 and unable to eat or drink what he wants4 ,,insecticides--,,tool-,,room ,,chapter ,,xv ,,insecticides--,,tool-,,room ,the enemies of growing things have certainly increased alarmingly of late years4 ,i cannot recall that formerly any insect was to be found in either vegetable or flower garden1 other than the potato bug1 currant-worm1 cabbage-worm1 and the green worm and small black beetle on the ,rose2 but now there are so many horrid creatures lying in wait until a plant is in perfection1 to cut the stalk1 or eat the root1 or eat the pith from the stalk so that it falls1 or to devour the leaves and eat the blossoms1 that insecticides and a spraying machine are as necessary to a garden as a spade4 ,for a small garden a spraying machine holding from a couple of quarts to a gallon1 can be bought for a trifling sum1 that will answer the purpose very well ,for a larger garden1 a good air-pump1 costing from five dollars upwards1 will be found an excellent investment4 ,one of the best insecticides is ,bordeaux mixture1 which can either be bought or made4 ,i have twenty-five gallons made at a time and keep it always on hand4 ,the following is the receipe3 ,three pounds of blue vitriol in coarse crystals2 three pounds of unslaked lime4 ,slake the lime in two and one-half gallons of water2 pour two and one-half gallons of water over the blue vitriol in another receptacle1 and let both stand over night4 ,in the morning stir the blue vitriol until all is dissolved2 then let two persons pour simultaneously the lime water and the blue vitriol into the same receptacle1 and add twenty gallons of water2 stir well before filling the spraying machine4 ,illustration3 ,the ,pergola 7first summer7 ,august twenty-fifth ,bordeaux mixture is to be used for rust1 mildew1 and all kinds of blight1 whenever the leaves of plants have a tendency to turn black4 ,hollyhocks seem to be universally attacked by rust4 ,spraying the plants at the end of ,april1 and again in the middle of ,may1 should entirely prevent this4 ,i have found that ,bordeaux mixture prevents the leaves of ,monkshood from turning black and falling off1 if the plants are well sprayed with it about the middle of ,june and the first of ,july4 ,phloxes grown in rather shady places will1 in damp weather1 fall victims to mildew on the leaves4 ,spraying with ,bordeaux mixture the end of ,june and middle of ,july should prevent this4 ,roses also have a tendency in warm1 damp weather to mildew1 which can be prevented by spraying the plants with ,bordeaux mixture4 ,kerosene emulsion may also be prepared1 and is excellent for killing1 both the small green aphids that often cover the leaves of ,roses1 and other hard1 scaly insects4 ,following is the receipe3 ,put one cake of laundry soap shaved fine into one gallon of water4 ,when dissolved1 add two gallons of kerosene oil4 ,this makes the emulsion4 ,for spraying1 use one quart of the emulsion in fourteen quarts of water4 ,be sure that this is very thoroughly mixed before filling the sprayer4 ,powdered hellebore1 if dissolved in the proportion of one pound of powder to one gallon of water1 will destroy both the green worm on the ,rose leaf and the small dark beetle that eats the ,roses4 ,it will also dispose of green worms on other plants4 ,slug-shot dissolved1 one-half pound of powder to one gallon of water1 will1 if used the latter part of ,april and several times in ,may1 keep the ,roses comparatively free from insects4 ,slug-shot and hellebore may also be used dry and blown on to the plants with a bellows4 ,i have used ,hellebore in my garden for many years without harm to anything except the worms and beetles4 ,but recently ,i heard of a lady who was severely poisoned in using dry ,hellebore4 ,the wind blew it into her face2 perhaps some was inhaled1 and serious illness resulted4 ,i mention the fact here1 to caution all who use it not to let either the spray or the powder come in contact with the skin4 ,some persons may be susceptible to the poison while others are not1--presenting a case of what the doctors call an idiosyncrasy4 ,paris green1 mixed in the proportion of two tablespoonfuls to three quarts of water and used as a spray1 will destroy a beetle that sometimes appears upon the ,gourd vines4 ,tobacco water will kill the black aphids which appear on the stems and leaves of hardy ,chrysanthemums4 ,it will also kill green aphids4 ,this spray is made by filling an ordinary pail lightly1 not pressed down1 with tobacco stems4 ,pour as much cold water into the pail as it will hold2 let it stand for three hours1 when it is ready to use in the spraying machine4 ,this mixture will be good for only twenty-four hours4 ,tobacco spray will also destroy the large red aphid 7,i call it this for want of1 perhaps1 the proper name7 that has recently appeared in some localities upon the stems of the ,rudbeckia 7,golden ,glow7 and of the single hardy ,sunflower1 just below the blossom4 ,the enemy of the ,box is the white spider4 ,the insect spins its web on the ,box and works from the inside4 ,if the branches are pulled aside1 the inside of the plant will be found full of dead leaves in the vicinity of the web4 ,recently ,i read in a well-known gardening monthly1 that this spider could be destroyed by spraying with kerosene emulsion4 ,i have some fine ,box trees1 and there were several white spider-webs on each4 ,watering with a very strong force of water had been tried without effect4 ,upon reading the article in the monthly and finding that the spider was certainly causing disaster which might be fatal1 ,i proceeded to have the trees sprayed with kerosene emulsion1 using it of the same strength as for ,roses4 ,in fact1 the sprayer was not re-filled1 as there was enough left in it since last using it on the ,roses4 ,about three days after the ,box had been sprayed1 large1 unsightly brown patches appeared on the trees1 showing that the emulsion had killed the leaves wherever it touched them4 ,the spider was not harmed4 ,i mention this experience as an example of the danger of taking all the directions found in horticultural publications as gospel truth4 ,nor should an amateur gardener ever be tempted to trifle with plant medicines4 ,i have a certain friend whose affection for her ,roses is more profound than her knowledge of how to treat their natural diseases4 ,observing last summer that one of her most cherished ,crimson ,ramblers was covered with aphids1 she concluded to spray it with something4 ,a bottle of carbolic acid being most available1 she tested its merits at once4 ,the efficacy of carbolic acid as a poison was proved beyond a doubt1 for the insects became singularly dead in a day or two1 and so did the leaves2 they fell off together4 ,there was nothing left but the forlorn stems and branches1 looking like some freak of the vegetable kingdom4 ,,tool-,,room ,illustration3 ,tritoma 7,red-,hot ,poker ,plant7 ,september twenty-eighth ,it is of the greatest importance to have a tool-room or closet according to the size of the place1 and to require all implements to be kept there when not in actual use4 ,there should be shelves across one end or side1 where shears1 trowels1 garden cord1 clippers1 watering-cans1 mallet1 various mixtures for spraying1 oil-cans1 keys for turning on the water1 twine and all the smaller things one uses1 may be found at a moment's notice4 ,garden sticks painted green1 in three sizes1 three and a half and four feet long1 and five-eighths of an inch in diameter1 and thicker ones an inch in diameter for ,dahlias1 should be kept on hand in barrels4 ,they can be bought of lumber-dealers in ,new ,york1 where they are known as dowels4 ,they come in bundles of one hundred1 costing from sixty cents to a dollar and twenty-five cents a bundle1 according to size1 unpainted1 and the men can paint them on rainy days4 ,the lawn mowers and the roller 7which should be a heavy one7 can also be kept in the tool-room4 ,rakes1 both iron and wooden1 hoes1 spades and shovels1 the latter both long-handled and short-handled1 are best kept hung up along one side of the closet1 where the men can see at a glance what they want4 ,there should also be a pickaxe and a crowbar for taking out refractory stones1 and1 most necessary of all things in a garden1 the wheelbarrow should be kept here1 too4 ,a sickle and a scythe must not be forgotten4 ,if the garden is large1 a two-wheel tip-cart will prove a great saver of labor in carting manure and soil and in the removal of debris4 ,on a particular shelf in my tool-room ,i keep my private trowel and flower scissors1 to which are attached long red ribbons as a warning of ,hands off6 to others4 ,there is also a clipper which ,i often use in walking about to trim a bit here and there from a shrub or a climbing ,rose4 ,if a scrap-book be kept1 in which everything of interest pertaining to the garden can be pasted or written1 it will be found a great help4 ,in this way items about fertilizers1 insecticides1 special treatment of plants1 with copies of lists ordered1 can be preserved1 and also1 most interesting of all1 notes of when the different plants bloom each year4 ,i find the following under date of ,october #ah1 #aija3 ,to-day1 though ice has formed three times1 ,i have filled nineteen vases with flowers4 ,they are ,phlox1 ,larkspur1 ,monkshood1 ,salvia1 ,nasturtium1 ,roses1 ,mignonette and ,chrysanthemums4 ,after trying many kinds of gloves for gardening1 including the rubber ones1 ,i now use only old ,suede gloves2 they give sufficient covering and permit more freedom of movement to the hands and fingers than those of heavier material4 ,it would be quite impossible to transplant tiny seedlings while wearing gloves with clumsy finger-tips4 ,unless a woman possesses a skin impervious to wind and sun1 she is apt to come through the summer looking as red and brown as an ,indian2 and if one is often out in the glare1 about the only headgear that can be worn to prevent this1 is the old-fashioned sunbonnet4 ,with its poke before and cape behind1 protecting the neck1 one really cannot become sunburned1 and pink ones are not so bad4 ,retired behind its friendly shelter1 you are somewhat deaf to the world2 and at the distant house1 people may shout to you and bells be rung at you1 and1 if your occupation be engrossing1 the excuse no one can hear through a sunbonnet1 must be accepted4 ,,conclusion ,,chapter ,,xvi ,,conclusion ,the character of professional gardeners seems to be changing4 ,they have become more perfunctory1 more stubborn1 more opinionated1 until now it is a really serious question with them of the danger of a little knowledge4 ,to find a man who combines sobriety and a good disposition with a fair knowledge of his business and a real liking for it1 is a difficult matter4 ,where but one man is kept to care for vegetables1 flowers and lawn1 he is more than likely to have little interest beyond potatoes or corn1 or to be good at raising small fruits1 and to consider everything else he has to do as so much waste of time4 ,when first married1 one of our gardeners was a ,german who took no interest in flowers1 and planted half the vegetable garden with kohlrabi and korn salad4 ,we had never heard of these delicacies before1 and did not care for them4 ,i remember also his telling me that one kind of flower was enough to raise anyway4 ,if a young man with an elementary knowledge of gardening can be found1 who wants to learn1 is strong1 willing and intelligent1 it is better to supply most of the brains yourself4 ,you will find your own wishes more apt to be carried out than by the gardener who knows it all1 and seems to resent what he calls interference on the part of his employer4 ,i remember1 when a child1 seeing my father's gardener walking about in the early evening after his supper1 smoking a meditative pipe1 tying up ,roses or spraying plants1 and often setting out seedlings after sundown4 ,he was never idle2 he loved his work and attended to it4 ,but now it is rare indeed to see a gardener1 after hours1 going about his work2 autre temps autres moeurs4 ,illustration3 ,bringing in the flowers ,september sixth ,remember always that it is the overcoming of the difficulties in the gardener's way1 the determination to succeed1 that gives zest to the occupation4 ,did everything planted grow and flourish1 gardening would be too tame4 ,rust and blight1 cutworms1 rose-beetles and weeds1 afford the element of sport so attractive to us all4 ,a lesson must be learned from every failure2 with renewed patience persevere until success is reached4 ,i would make the strongest plea in favor of a garden to all those who are so fortunate as to possess any land at all4 ,the relaxation from care and toil and the benefit to health are great1 beyond belief1 to those who may have to work with head or hands4 ,if you can snatch a few minutes in early morning or late afternoon1 to spend among the plants1 life takes on a new aspect1 health is improved1 care is dissipated1 and you get nearer to ,nature1 as ,god intended4 ,if the rich and fashionable women of this country took more interest and spent more time in their gardens1 and less in frivolity1 fewer would suffer from nervous prostration1 and the necessity for the multitude of sanitariums would be avoided4 ,flower gardening is preminently a woman's occupation and diversion4 ,nearly every great lady in ,england takes a personal interest in her gardens and conservatories1 and knows all about the plants and flowers4 ,here1 the majority of women having large places leave the direction of the flowers1 as well as the vegetables and fruit1 to the taste and discretion of the gardener1 and thus miss a great and healthful pleasure4 ,as a rule1 young people do not care for gardening4 ,they lack the necessary patience and perseverance4 ,but in the years of middle life1 when one's sun is slowly setting and interest in the world and society relaxes1 the garden1 with its changing bloom1 grows ever dearer4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,bed edged all the way with ,sweet ,williams ,,plan ,,for ,,border ,illustration3 ,,plan ,,for ,,border ,,index ,aconitum ,napellus1 #aaj4 ,altheas1 #afj4 ,ampelopsis ,veitchii1 #be4 ,anemone ,japonica alba1 difficulty with1 #fa4 ,annuals-- ,list1 with height1 colour and period of blooming1 #hh4 ,sowing1 #gh1 #hj4 ,transplanting1 #hf4 ,see also names of flowers4 ,antirrhinum1 sowing1 #hj4 ,aquilegias1 see ,columbines4 ,asters-- ,destruction by beetle1 #ad1 #ha4 ,sowing1 #hj4 ,auratum lily1 #aci4 ,disappearance of bulb1 #aci4 ,price1 #db4 ,autumn work in garden1 #gj-gb4 ,azalea mollis1 perishability of1 #ac4 ,barberry as hedge1 #ea1 #afj4 ,bedding-out plants1 #abj4 ,see also names of plants4 ,beds1 rule for making1 #af4 ,beetle destroying asters1 #ad1 #ha4 ,biennials1 #aag4 ,see also names of flowers4 ,bone-meal1 #gc1 #gd4 ,bordeaux mixture1 #aij4 ,borders-- ,around house1 #bi4 ,blooming from ,may to ,september1 contents of border1 #fi4 ,planting1 #bi1 #dj-dd1 #fg4 ,short path and narrow borders1 #fh4 ,small plot borders-- ,boundary lines of property1 #dh-ej4 ,cost1 #dd4 ,planting1 #dj-dd4 ,boston ivy1 #be4 ,box1 white spider pest1 #aid4 ,box-edging1 #agg-agh4 ,bulbs1 purchasing and planting1 #dj-dd1 #adi-aef4 ,calendula1 #ha4 ,calycanthus floridus1 #afj4 ,campanula medium1 #aag4 ,candytuft1 planting1 #df4 ,cannas1 #dh1 #abj1 #abb4 ,canterbury bells1 #aag1 #aij4 ,cardinal ,flower1 transplanting1 etc41 #cb4 ,centaurea1 see ,cornflower4 ,chrysanthemums1 #dc1 #ii4 ,clayey soil1 lightening1 #af4 ,clematis paniculata1 #bg4 ,climbing roses1 #bg1 #aca4 ,columbines1 #da4 ,planting1 #da4 ,sowing1 #ic4 ,coreopsis1 #ih4 ,cornflowers-- ,blooming1 etc41 #ha4 ,planting1 #df4 ,cosmos1 sowing1 #ha4 ,cost1 see ,expense4 ,creepers1 see ,vines4 ,crocuses1 #aej4 ,daffodils1 #da1 #aeb-aed4 ,dahlias1 #abj1 #aba4 ,cost1 #dg4 ,planting1 #de4 ,storage1 #dg1 #dh4 ,delphiniums1 #if4 ,digitalis1 #aag4 ,double yellow daffodils1 #aeb-aed4 ,dowels1 #aig4 ,england-- ,gardening seasons1 etc41 #ai4 ,gardens1 small plots1 #cg4 ,english ivy1 #be4 ,everblooming roses1 #abg1 #acd4 ,evergreen shrubs1 #afg4 ,exchange of plants1 #ih1 #ii4 ,expense-- ,border planting1 #dj-dd4 ,front beds1 #dg4 ,fall work in the garden1 #gj-gb4 ,ferns-- ,border of1 #bi4 ,maidenhair haunts1 #ca4 ,planting1 #cb4 ,transplanting1 #cb4 ,watering1 #agc1 #agd4 ,flowers-- ,annuals1 see that title4 ,gathering1 extract from ,english book1 #gg4 ,perennials1 see that title4 ,see also names of flowers4 ,flower garden-- ,small plots of ground1 #bc1 #cg4 ,foxgloves1 #aag-abj4 ,france1 small plots1 #cg4 ,front of the house1 planting bed1 #de4 ,funkia crulea1 #adb4 ,funkia subcordata1 #adb4 ,gaillardias1 #ajd4 ,german iris1 #ajd4 ,gladioli1 #abj1 #abb1 #abf4 ,purchasing1 #dc4 ,storing1 #dg4 ,gloves for gardening1 #aih4 ,golden ,glow1 #df1 #dg1 #aaa4 ,grandiflora1 #ih4 ,grass walks1 #age-agg4 ,graveled walks1 #agd-age4 ,ground1 see ,soil4 ,hansoni1 #adb4 ,hardy roses1 #abg1 #acj4 ,list of roses blooming in ,june and ,september1 #acc4 ,hedges-- ,beauty of1 as fences1 #ej4 ,preparing ground for1 #ej4 ,quick screens1 #fg4 ,varieties1 #ej-ea4 ,see also names1 ,privet1 etc4 ,hellebore1 #aib4 ,hemlock spruce1 #ej4 ,henryi1 #bg4 ,hibiscus1 #ih4 ,hollyhocks1 #id4 ,planting1 #bh1 #fh4 ,seeding1 #eh4 ,house-- ,painting1 #be-bg4 ,plan of garden to suit style of house1 #ba4 ,vines1 see that title4 ,hyacinths1 #dj1 #aed4 ,hybrid perpetual roses1 #abg4 ,list of roses blooming in ,june and ,september1 #acc4 ,hydrangea paniculata1 #afj4 ,insects and insecticides1 #ahi4 ,asters destroyed by beetle1 #ad1 #ha4 ,bordeaux mixture1 #aij4 ,hellebore1 #aib4 ,kerosene emulsion1 #aia4 ,paris green1 #aib4 ,slug-shot1 #aib4 ,tobacco water1 #aic4 ,white spider on box1 #aid4 ,iris1 #ajd1 #agc1 #agd4 ,ivy-- ,boston ivy1 #be4 ,english ivy1 #be4 ,jackmani clematis1 #bg4 ,japanese barberry1 #ea1 #afj4 ,japanese iris1 #ajd1 #agc1 #agd4 ,japanese lily1 #adb4 ,japanese tree peonies1 #ajf4 ,japanese vines1 planting1 #bh4 ,kerosene emulsion1 #aia4 ,laying out a garden-- ,beds in front of vines1 #bh4 ,borders1 see that title4 ,north side of house1 #bi4 ,plan of garden1 suiting to style of house1 #ba4 ,soil1 see that title4 ,vines1 see that title4 ,see also names of flowers1 etc4 ,lilac1 #afd4 ,lilies1 #aci-adf4 ,auratum lily1 see that title4 ,border planting1 #db4 ,planting1 etc41 #add-adf4 ,watering1 #agc4 ,see also names1 ,lilium1 etc4 ,lilium auratum1 see ,auratum lily4 ,lilium ,canadense1 #adb4 ,lilium candidum1 #adj4 ,lilium longiflorum1 #ada4 ,lilium speciosum album1 #ada4 ,lilium speciosum rubrum1 #ada4 ,lily-of-the-valley1 #adc4 ,london ,pride1 #aaj4 ,lychnis1 #aaj4 ,maidenhair fern1 haunts of1 #ca4 ,mai ,glcken1 #adc4 ,marigolds1 #hb4 ,meadow lily1 #adb4 ,monkshood1 #aaj4 ,moonflower1 ,japanese1 #bh4 ,morning-glory1 ,japanese1 #bh4 ,narcissus1 #dj1 #aeb4 ,nasturtiums1 planting1 #gi4 ,ordering plants1 #fe4 ,oriental poppies1 #ajb4 ,painting of house and care of vines1 #be-bg4 ,pansies1 carpeting rose beds with1 #hd1 #abf4 ,paris green1 #aib4 ,peonies1 #da1 #aje4 ,perennial vines and creepers1 #afg4 ,perennials-- ,development1 #eb4 ,list1 with height1 colour and time of blooming1 #aab4 ,planting1 #di4 ,raising in seed-bed1 #dh1 #eg4 ,seed-bed1 see that title4 ,sowing seeds1 #ei1 #ic4 ,transplanting1 #ajb4 ,see also names of perennials4 ,pergola1 #ahc-ahd4 ,pests1 see ,insects4 ,philadelphus syringa1 #afe4 ,phlox1 #hb1 #ajf1 #aaa4 ,pinks1 #ajb4 ,plan of garden1 suiting to style of house1 #ba4 ,planting1 #ff-gd4 ,borders1 #bi1 #dj-dd1 #fg4 ,candytuft1 #df4 ,cornflowers1 #df4 ,dahlias1 #de4 ,fall work1 #gj-gb4 ,ferns1 #cb4 ,hollyhocks1 #bh1 #fh4 ,lilies1 #add-adf4 ,perennials1 #di4 ,roses1 #abf1 #abg4 ,rows1 #fh1 #fi4 ,small plot1 #cg-ed4 ,starting a garden1 #ba4 ,transplanting1 see that title4 ,plants-- ,exchange1 #ih1 #ii4 ,ordering1 #fe4 ,unpacking1 #fe4 ,platycodon ,mariesi1 #if4 ,poeticus narcissus1 #dj1 #aeb4 ,poppies1 #ajb4 ,sowing1 #gh-gi4 ,privet1 purchase1 etc41 #ea4 ,professional gardeners1 #ac1 #bjc4 ,red-hot poker plant1 #ajd4 ,rhododendrons-- ,planting and care of1 #bi-ca4 ,watering1 #agc1 #agd4 ,rockets1 #ih4 ,roots1 purchasing1 #dj-dd4 ,rose of ,sharon1 #afj4 ,roses1 #abe-ace4 ,best roses1 list of1 #aca4 ,budded stock1 #abf4 ,carpeting rose bed with pansies and gladioli1 #hd1 #abf4 ,climbing1 #bg1 #aca4 ,everblooming1 #abg1 #acd4 ,exclusiveness1 #abe4 ,hardy1 see that title4 ,hybrid ,perpetual1 see that title4 ,list of hybrid perpetual and hardy roses blooming in ,june and ,september1 #acc4 ,planting1 #abf1 #abg4 ,replanting and cutting1 #abg1 #acj4 ,rudbeckias1 #bh1 #df1 #dg1 #aaa4 ,salvia1 #aba4 ,scabiosa ,caucasica1 #aji4 ,scarlet salvia1 #aba4 ,scrap-book1 #aih4 ,screens1 quick1 #fg4 ,seed-bed-- ,empty1 #fb4 ,importance and satisfaction1 #dh1 #eg4 ,preparing1 #eg4 ,seeds1 sowing1 #eh4 ,setting of plants1 #ac4 ,shirley poppies1 #gh1 #gi4 ,shrubs1 #aei-afh4 ,evergreen shrubs1 #afg4 ,growth from cuttings1 #afa1 #afb4 ,list of most satisfactory shrubs1 #afb4 ,planting1 #ej4 ,see also names of shrubs4 ,slug-shot1 #aib4 ,small plot1 planting1 #cg-ed4 ,borders1 see that title4 ,front of the house1 #de-dh4 ,snowball1 blight1 #aei4 ,snowdrops1 #adi4 ,soil-- ,beds1 rules for making1 #ac4 ,clayey1 lightening1 #af4 ,manure1 use of1 #ga-gd4 ,preparation of1 #ac1 #af1 #bj4 ,sowing-- ,annuals sown in seed-bed in spring1 list of1 #hj4 ,seeds1 #eh4 ,spider on box1 #aid4 ,spring-flowering bulbs1 #dj-dd1 #adi-aef4 ,starting a garden1 #ba4 ,sticks1 dowels1 #aif4 ,suburban gardens1 #ci4 ,sunbonnet1 #aii4 ,sun-dial1 #aha-ahc4 ,sweet ,peas-- ,sowing1 #hc4 ,trellis1 #hd4 ,sweet ,williams1 #ie4 ,tigrinum1 #adb4 ,tobacco water1 #aic4 ,tools and tool-room1 #aif-aii4 ,transplanting-- ,annuals1 #hf4 ,cardinal flower1 #cb4 ,fall work1 #gj-gb4 ,ferns1 #cb4 ,perennials1 #ajb4 ,tritomas1 #ajd4 ,trumpet creeper1 #be4 ,tulips1 #da1 #aej4 ,unpacking plants1 #fe4 ,valerian1 #ii4 ,veronica longifolia1 #ajd4 ,vines and ,creepers-- ,ampelopsis ,veitchii1 #be4 ,best annual vines1 #afh4 ,care of1 #be4 ,clematis paniculata1 #bg4 ,english ivy1 #be4 ,henryi1 #bg4 ,jackmani clematis1 #bg4 ,japanese vines1 #bh4 ,north side of house1 #bi4 ,painting of house1 #be-bg4 ,perennials1 #afg4 ,planting1 #bc4 ,roses1 climbing1 #bg1 #aca4 ,trumpet creeper1 #be4 ,virginia creeper1 #be4 ,walks1 grass and graveled1 #agd-agg4 ,water supply and watering1 #aga-agd4 ,weeding1 #hg4 ,white spider on box1 #aid4 ,yucca filamentosa1 #ajb4 ,zinnias1 varieties of1 #hb4 ,f4 ,c4 ,printed in the ,united ,states of ,america4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's note3 ,apparent typographical errors have been corrected and hyphenation standardised1 e4g41 sunbonnet and ,sunflower are written without hyphens throughout the book4 ,unusual punctuation and original spelling have been retained1 receipe 7recipe87 left as printed4 ,the #aicj date on the title page might be a misprint for #aijc1 although there was a #aicj edition4