,transcrib]'s note3 ,m9or spell+ inconsi/5cies1 ma9ly hyph5at$ words1 h be5 h>moniz$4 ,italic text has be5 m>k$ ) und]scores4 ,obvi\s typos h be5 correct$4 ,a ,li/ ( ,illu/rations section has be5 add$ s z to aid ! read]4 ,,tracks ,,& ,,track+ ,illu/ration ,,tracks ,,& ,,track+ ,,by ,,josef ,,brunn] ,,fully ,,illu/rat$ ,,new ,,york ,,out+ ,,publi%+ ,,company ,,mcmix ,copyright1 #aiji1 by ,,out+ ,,publi%+ ,,company ,all ,rights ,res]v$ ,,cont5ts ,page ,,=eword ix ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks #c ,,"p ,i ,,gr\p ,,"o--,,ho($ ,,game3 ,! ,:ite-,tail$ or ,virg9ia ,de] #aa ,! ,fan-,tail$ ,de] #cb ,! ,mule ,de] #ci ,! ,wapiti or ,elk #dc ,! ,moose #di ,! ,m\nta9 ,%eep #ee ,! ,antelope #fa ,,pr$ace\s ,,animals3 ,! ,be> #gc ,! ,c\g> #ib ,! ,lynx #aja ,! ,dome/ic ,cat #ajg ,! ,wolf #aji ,! ,coyote #aah ,! ,fox #aba ,,:at ,,track+ ,,means ,,& ,,"s ,,hunt+ ,,me?ods #abe ,,gr\p ,,two3 ,! ,jack-,rabbit #ace ,! ,v>y+ ,h>e #adj ,! ,cottontail ,rabbit #add ,! ,squirrel #adh ,,gr\p ,,?ree3 ,! ,m>t5 & ! ,black-,foot$ ,f]ret #aec ,! ,ott] #aeg ,! ,m9k #afa ,! ,erm9e #afd ,,gr\p ,,f\r3 ,! ,beav] #aga ,! ,badg] #ahj ,! ,porcup9e #ahf ,! ,skunk #aib ,,"p ,,ii ,,fea!r$ ,,game3 ,fea!r$ ,game #aig ,upl& ,birds #aii ,wat]f[ls #baa ,pr$atory ,birds #bad ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,page ,frontispiece iv ,,virg9ia ,,de] #ab ,,tracks ,,( ,,virg9ia ,,de] #ad ,,virg9ia ,,de]4 #ag ,,h9d ,,foot ,,( ,,virg9ia ,,de]4 #bj ,trail ( a de] %ot ?r\gh brisket #bb ,trail ( a de] ) brok5 h9d leg #bb ,same z ,no4 #c on opposite page1 b bullet did n p5etrate to ! lungs4 #bb ,,ho( ,,( ,,black-,,tail$ ,,de]4 #bh ,,fan-,,tail$ ,,buck ,,de]4 #cc ,,de] ,,tracks #ce ,,mule-,,de] #dj ,,elk4 #dc ,,elk #df ,,moose ,,bull ,,track #ej ,,moose ,,tracks #eb ,,m\nta9 ,,%eep4 #eg ,,hog ,,track2 ,,walk+4 #ei ,,h9d ,,foot ,,( ,,antelope4 #fb ,,antelope4 #fd ,,! ,,sign ,,( ,,! ,,antelope 7,,buck7 #fd ,,be> ,,feet--,,"r ,,side #gf ,,be> ,,trail4 #gg ,,tracks ,,( ,,be>1 ,,runn+ #hj ,,be> ,,track4 #hb ,,be> ,,/ump4 #hb ,,be> ,,track4 #hd ,,be> ,,log #hf ,,be> ,,log #hi ,,c\g>4 #ic ,,lynx4 #aja ,,"r ,,front ,,paw ,,( ,,lynx #ajc ,,lynx ,,trail #ajf ,,wolf #aji ,,wolf #aaa ,,coyote4 #aai ,,fox4 #abb ,,hunt+ ,,) ,,! ,,w9d #acj ,,jack-,,rabbit #ace ,,jack ,,rabbit #acg ,,jack ,,rabbit4 #aci ,,v>y+ ,,h>e #ada ,,v>y+ ,,h>e #adb ,,v>y+ ,,h>e #adc ,cottontail ,rabbit ,tracks #ade ,,cotton ,,tail ,,rabbit #adf ,,cotton ,,tail ,,rabbit #adg ,,squirrel4 #adh ,m>t5 track #aed ,m>t5 track #aef ,,ott]4 #aeh ,,m9k4 #afb ,,m9k4 #afc ,,erm9e ,,tracks4 #aff ,,beav] #aga ,,beav] #agd ,,beav] ,,/ump #agf ,,! ,,beav]',s ,,home #agf ,,beav] ,,trails ,,or ,,slides #agf ,,beav] ,,trail #agf ,,badg] #aha ,,badg] ,,tracks #ahb ,,badg] #ahc ,,porcup9e #ahf ,,sign ,,( ,,! ,,porcup9e #aij ,,porcup9e ,,tracks #aia ,,feet ,,( ,,! ,,porcup9e #aia ,,sign ,,( ,,! ,,porcup9e #aia ,,skunk #aib ,,turkey4 #bja ,,pheasant4 #bjb ,ruff$ ,gr\se4 #bjc ,,ruff$ ,,gr\se #bjd ,,blue ,,gr\se #bje ,,%>p-,,tail$ ,,gr\se #bje ,%>p-tail$ ,gr\se4 #bjg ,,quail4 #bji ,,woodcock4 #baj ,wat]f[l #bab ,wat]f[l #bac ,,%>p-,,%9n$ ,,hawk #baf ,,h]on ,,tracks4 #baf ,,wilson',s ,,snipe #bag ,v>i\s ,birds #bag ,,=eword ,to d]ive ! greate/ pleasure f ! pursuit ( game1 ei!r l>ge or small1 x is necess>y t ! disciple ( ,nimrod be v]s$ 9 ! sci5ce ( int]pret+ ! mean+ ( tracks & trails4 ,nature is z an op5 book to ! man :o c read ! signs ( ! woods & pla9s correctly2 & :]e ! un9itiat$ see only mean+less tracks1 exp]i5c$ hunt]s f9d !m 9 _m in/ances ! guide to exhil>at+ sport & a desir$ trophy4 ,to ! tyro ! f9e/ track+ sn[ is useless & ! m>ks he sees ev]y:]e ar\nd him simply bewild] him4 ,7 he able to read !m z e hunt] %\ld1 8 day's sport w\ld mean enjoym5t & success1 in/ead ( disappo9tm5t & failure4 ,game is n s pl5tiful z x us$ to be1 & = ?is reason x is g5]ally a wa/e ( "t--f ! /&po9t ( ! game bag--m]ely to tramp ?r\gh ! woods & tru/ to luck4 ,moreov]1 ! high-p[]1 small-calib] rifles1 :i* are s ext5sively us$1 v (t5 lead to %ots at di/ances at :i* x is n possible to place an imm$iately fatal bullet4 ,?is makes x ! m necess>y = ! hunt] to be able to read ! signs correctly & to int]pret aright ! language ( ! trails4 ,e sportsman %\ld consid] x a sacr$ duty to br+ to bay any animal he has w\nd$1 & he %\ld also reg>d x a matt] ( honor to acquire a work+ k ( tracks1 trails1 & signs4 ,!n he w n1 ?r\gh ignorance1 make c>rion or wolf-bait ( a noble creature :i*1 9 all reason1 he %\ld h secur$4 ,a sportsman :o is unable to int]pret ! mean+ ( tracks he enc\nt]s1 h[ev] mu* game he may h kill$ by *ance1 luck1 or ) ! assi/ance ( o!rs1 w be consid]$ a tyro 9 woodcraft by companions :o h le>n$ _! lessons 9 ?is art4 ,lack ( opportunity on ! "p ( ! majority ( sportsm5 to become v]s$ 9 track+ lore by actual exp]i5ce1 z well z ! incompet5ce ( a great numb] ( guides1 is ! reason = ?is book4 ,! cont5ts repres5t ! exp]i5ce ga9$ f tw5ty ye>s ( un9t]rupt$ life 9 ! great outdoors2 & :ile only half ( t "t 0 sp5t 9 ! pursuit & /udy ( ,am]ican game1 ! =eign exp]i5ce 0 a consid]able aid 9 arriv+ at def9ite conclusions1 = ! same species1 ) b few exceptions1 %[ ! same features 9 _! trails ! _w ov]4 ,no space has be5 giv5 to microscopic intricacies1 s9ce 9 ! woods pla9 track+ lore is intricate en\gh4 ,9 practice :oev] looks = exagg]at$1 f9e1 di/9ctive features 9 tracks & trails soon sees ?+s :i* a sob]-m9d$ exp]t recognizes z imag9ative4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is g5]ally und]/ood t a track means ! impr9t left on ! gr\nd or sn[ by a pass+ creature4 ,f its =m & appe>ance ! initiat$ are usually able to tell ! species1 & 9 "s cases ! v>iety1 ( animal t made x4 ,:]e ! latt] is n possible1 a succession ( tracks--! trail1 9 %ort--is almo/ inv>iably ! means ( rea*+ a prop] decision4 ,! exp]t consid]s n only tracks & trails1 b also ! signs1 among :i* are ! behavior ( animals "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 blaz$ trees1 be> logs1 beav] /umps & cutt+s1 excrem5ts1 etc41 etc4 ,a m]e treatise ( tracks1 trails & signs w\ld 9 _m in/ances leave ! inexp]i5c$ man )\t a compreh5sive k2 !re=e c]ta9 actions ( ! hunt$1 & notes on hunt+ me?ods :i* h prov$ practical1 al?\gh !y are n g5]ally kn[n1 h be5 introduc$ into ! text4 ,x is believ$ t a ?or\gh /udy ( ?is book1 includ+ ! illu/rations1 w enable ! read] to become z well v]s$ 9 track+ lore z he c\ld by ye>s ( actual exp]i5ce 9 ! woods4 ,,tracks ,,& ,,track+ ,,tracks ,,& ,,track+ ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks ,ab\t ! ,motive ,features ( ,diff]5t ,animals ,,tak+ x = grant$ t ! arrangem5t ( ! individual tracks 9 ! trail is due to ! g5]al anatomic make-up ( ! animal :i* made !m1 we h to consid] f\r gr\ps 9 ! treatise on mammals4 ,! fir/1 ! memb]s ( :i* possess a l5g? ( body correctly proportional to _! height1 includes ! de]1 ox1 be>1 dog1 & cat families4 ,! second includes rabbits1 squirrels1 & animals ^: h9d legs are v long 9 proportion to _! front legs4 ,! ?ird is made up ( ^? animals ^: legs1 consid]+ ! l5g? ( _! bodies1 are v %ort--m>t51 m9k1 etc4 ,! f\r? gr\p embraces ! animals ^: legs are v %ort 9 proportion to ! l5g? ( ! body1 & ^: bodies1 9 addition to ?is1 are disproportionately ?ick--beav]1 badg]1 etc4 ,( ! v>i\s movem5ts1 we h to consid] ! walk1 ! trot1 & ! gallop4 ,animals ( ! fir/ gr\p plant ! feet diagonally 9 ! walk & trot4 ,! h9d foot track cov]s ! "o made by ! =efoot ( ! same side4 ,if ! "r =efoot t\*es ! gr\nd fir/1 ! left h9d foot is plac$ next1 !n ! left =efoot1 & la/ ! "r h9d foot4 ,?us f\r footfalls may be he>d :5 ho($ animals are walk+4 ,9 ! trot1 :i* is b a ha/5$ walk1 ! trail assumes m ! =m ( a /raight l9e1 because ! animal endeavors to plant ! feet m "u ! middle ( ! body to obviate ! sway+ motion2 & because ( ! quick] action1 9 :i* two feet t\* ! gr\nd at ! same mom5t1 b two di/9ct footfalls c be he>d4 ,! gallop1 ! quicke/ movem5t onw>d1 is a s]ies ( leaps or jumps4 ,9 x ! h9d feet s]ve ma9ly z propell]s :ile ! =efeet support & brace ! body2 & = ?is reason ! =m] are plac$ side by side1 or ne>ly s1 :ile ! latt] /& "o beh9d ! o!r 9 ! trail4 ,! fa/] ! gallop1 ! m closely d ! tracks con=m to ^! conditions4 ,9 ! greate/ spe$ ( "s memb]s ( ! de] family ! h9d feet also come ne>] ! c5t] l9e1 z %[n 9 ! illu/rations4 ,z1 by ! velocity ( ! movem5t1 ! h9d feet are ?r[n pa/ ! po9t :]e ! =efeet /rike ! gr\nd1 _! impr9ts appe> 9 front ( ^? ( ! latt]1 a fact :i* %\ld be kept con/antly 9 m9d by ! trail]1 s9ce1 9 ! case ( an animal ) a brok5 leg1 ! appe>ance ( ! leap impr9ts are usually ! only means to decide :i* leg is brok54 ,9 animals ( ! fir/ gr\p a brok5 =eleg is always m s]i\s ?an an injur$ h9d leg1 & !re=e ! game is easi] br\ght to bag4 ,9 memb]s ( ! second gr\p !re is b "o motion1 no matt] :e!r !y are mov+ sl[ or fa/--! h9d feet are always ?r[n ahead ( ! =efeet1 & ! track picture is t ( ! leap4 ,z ! h9d feet ( animals ( ?is gr\p are consid]ably l>g] ?an ! =efeet1 x is easily det]m9$ :i* individual foot has made a giv5 track4 ,! animals ( ! ?ird gr\p move usually 9 leaps1 b on acc\nt ( ! l5g? ( body & ! %ortness ( ! limbs1 ! h9d feet are n plac$ z f> ahead ( ! front pair z 9 ! prec$+ gr\p4 ,at ! usual gait ! h9d feet cov] ! =efeet tracks1 & ! trail picture !re=e %[s a pair ( tracks side by side at regul> di/ances4 ,at a fa/] pace ! trail picture *anges1 z %[n 9 ! illu/rations2 h[ev]1 ?is is s seldom done z to be ( almo/ no consequ5ce to ! track]4 ,memb]s ( ! f\r? gr\p1 l ^? ( ! fir/1 walk & leap2 h[ev]1 ! size ( ! body & ! %ortness ( ! legs comb9e to make a track picture entirely diff]5t f & n easily conf\nd$ ) ! trail ( ! latt]4 ,! individual tracks are close toge!r1 consid]+ _! size1 & ! toes ( ! h9d feet almo/ inv>iably po9t inw>d to a m>k$ degree1 rea*+ an extreme limit 9 ! beav] & ! badg]4 ,) ! exception ( ! memb]s ( ! second gr\p & ! beav]1 ! h9d feet ( all animals are small] ?an ! =efeet1 a fact :i*1 9 "s in/ances1 has its uses :5 foll[+ ! trail4 ,,"p ,,"o ,,gr\p ,i ,,ho($ ,,game ,,! ,,:ite-,,tail$ ,,or ,,virg9ia ,,de] ,,?\gh ! ,am]ican sportsman /ill c enjoy 9 "s di/ricts1 z an inh]itance f prehi/oric times1 ! pursuit ( ! maje/ic moose1 & ?\gh ! lordly elk /ill awak5s ! e*oes 9 _m ( our m\nta9 ranges ) 8 *all5g+ call1 ! game 9 :i* ! great majority ( hunt]s are pre-em95tly int]e/$ is ! elusive :ite-tail$ de]1 :i* is f\nd 9 all ! /ates except ,cali=nia1 ,nevada1 ,oregon1 & ,delaw>e1 & because to br+ x d[n dem&s1 to say ! lea/1 no less skill ?an is requir$ 9 ! pursuit ( its l>g] relatives4 ,?\gh1 "u ord9>y conditions1 a s+le track ( any o!r animal is ne>ly suffici5t to asc]ta9 ! species or v>iety1 ! case is diff]5t :]e :ite-tail$ & mule de] are conc]n$--t is1 if !y inhabit ! same locality2 & ev5 a small elk track may be tak5 = t ( ! :ite-tail$ de]4 ,! track ( a mule de]1 roam+ 9 rocky hills or out 9 ! arid breaks ( ! ,bad ,l&s1 is ( c\rse a v diff]5t ?+ f t ( a :ite-tail1 b let ! animals make _! p]man5t /& 9 :ite-tail c\ntry prop]1 & almo/ all diff]5ce 9 _! track soon disappe>s4 ,x is evid5t t ! sole ( _! ho( und]goes ! same *ange z t ( a horse1 :i* c be ridd5 daily )\t %oes 9 dry regions1 b :i* w get footsore )9 a day or two if x is transf]r$ into a di/rict :]e ra9 & dew moi/5 ! grass & keep ! gr\nd damp4 ,illu/ration3 ,,virg9ia ,,de] ,consid]+ ! individual track1 ! ho( ( ! ,virg9ia de] evid5tly spreads easi] ?an t ( any o!r memb] ( ! family1 except moose & c>ib\4 ,x is because ( ?is t1 dur+ ! season :5 !y are 9 good condition & 9 hunt+ "t1 ! ridge ( dirt or sn[ t is made betwe5 ! two halves ( ! ho(1 & left 9 ! track1 is mu* m conspicu\s ?an t left by any o!r de]4 ,h[ev]1 if ! conditions are n ideal--& !y mo/ c]ta9ly are n if sn[ is on ! gr\nd1 "u :i* circum/ances mo/ track+ is done--! v>iance appe>s s slight t x c be notic$ only by exam9+ m9utely a p]fect track1 :i* may be f\nd along ! trail "u "s tree :]e n m ?an an in* ( sn[ has fall5 or at a b>r5 spot4 ,! writ] does n dep5d on ! size ( ! track 9 decid+ :e!r x 0 made by a buck or a doe1 z he has se5 _m does :i* h made z l>ge tracks z ! l>ge/ bucks2 & ! common claim t r\nd$ toes always indicate a buck he has also f\nd to be a fallacy4 ,sometimes x is noticeable 9 ! trail t ! h9d feet lag1 i4 e41 !y d n q rea* ! =efeet tracks4 ,?is almo/ inv>iably means an old buck :i* has become r /iff ) age4 ,! *ance t ! same m>k is made by an old /]ile doe is remote1 ?\gh1 accord+ to obs]vations1 possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tracks ,,( ,,virg9ia ,,de] 7#a7 ,trail ( buck be=e & aft] rutt+ season4 7#b7 ,dur+ rutt+ season ! drag ext5ds f "o /ep to ! next4 7#c7 ,trail ( doe & fawn2 ! latt]1 h[ev]1 takes /ill %ort] /eps4 7#d7 ,buck or doe trott+4 ,n infrequ5tly1 at lea/ mu* (t5] ?an ) black-tail & elk1 a m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! two halves ( ! ho( may be obs]v$ 9 ! track ( ! ,virg9ia de]1 & ! tracks ( ! latt] appe> m sl5d] ?an ^? ( ! =m]--t is1 9 ! same locality4 ,"s claim t !y c always di/+ui% ! track ( ,virg9ia f t ( o!r de]1 b ! writ] c\nts himself among ^? :o c n1 & he has notic$ t ! hunt]s :o claim ! skill are 9 ! same pr$icam5t :5 out 9 ! woods4 ,accurate measurem5ts ) ! divid] & tapel9e w\ld possibly %[ "s slight diff]5ces 9 ! tracks ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( simil> siz$ de]1 b !y w\ld be s dim9utive & v>iable z to be wor?less 9 practice4 ,! trail1 toge!r ) o!r signs1 is mu* m significant ( ! do+s1 ailm5ts & sex ( ! animal ?an an individual track w\ld be4 ,dur+ ! summ] mon?s ! buck1 &1 x mu/ be admitt$1 ! /]ile doe also1 accumulates a consid]able am\nt ( fat2 & ! result is m>k$ly %[n 9 ! plac+ ( ! feet1 _! tracks be+ an appreciable degree (f ! c5t] l9e suppos$ to be "u ! middle ( ! body4 ,= ?is reason ! toes ( ! ho( po9t m outw>d ?an is usual 9 ! doe & fawn4 ,f ?is x might appe> t a s+le track1 or a few ( !m1 w\ld be suffici5t to decide ! sex1 b x is n2 because any de] 9 cross+ a trackable spot is likely to look to ! "r & !n to ! left1 & ! tracks w po9t 9 ! direction ! animal has look$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,virg9ia ,,de]4 7,,"o-,,half ,,natural ,,size7 7#a7 ,front track4 7#b7 ,h9d track4 7#c7 ,lagg+ back ( h9d feet2 sign ( ! old buck4 7#d7 ,ov]ha/5+2 ! sign ( ! "y buck4 #c & #d also apply to ! elk bull4 ,does heavy ) fawns %[ simil> features 9 _! trail1 b z !re are no su* does dur+ autumn1 we c pass !m ov]4 ,a buck always has ! t5d5cy to drag 8 legs1 a feature :i* rea*es ! climax dur+ rutt+ season1 :ile any doe1 ev5 ! /]ile1 /eps clean if ! sn[ is less ?an "o foot deep4 ,?is fact makes x possible to tell a buck's track ) c]ta9ty1 ev5 if track+ conditions are n favorable1 because !re is always "s displacem5t beh9d & 9 front ( ! tracks :i* is readily obs]v$ 9 s& or dry sn[4 ,!re is "o o!r feature by :i* ! trail ( a :ite-tail buck c be di/+ui%$ f t ( a doe1 & ev5 t ( ! buck ( black-tails1 & t is ! animal's habit ( scann+ ! surr\nd+s :ile /&+ ne> trees1 w9dfalls1 & ! l4 ,an old buck at leisure w take c>eful obs]vations two or ?ree times inside ( a hundr$ y>ds1 except dur+ ! rutt+ season1 :5 he is too busy to sp5d s mu* "t = safety's sake1 & he always does ?is f :at he evid5tly consid]s cov]4 ,9 op5 =e/s are (t5 se5 places :]e ! gr\nd has be5 paw$ up1 & ! gr\nd cov]+1 moss1 leaves or sod1 ?r[n 9 e direction4 ,?is always indicates ! pres5ce ( at lea/ two old bucks 9 ! same locality1 & is nev] done by does4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h9d ,,foot ,,( ,,virg9ia ,,de]4 7,,slightly ,,r$uc$7 7,a7 ,dew claws4 7,b7 ,heels4 7,c7 ,soles4 7,d7 ,toes4 ,ab\t ! fir/ ( ,septemb] bucks beg9 to cleanse _! horns ( ! velvet & small trees & bu%es exhibit ! signs ( hav+ be5 us$ = t purpose4 ,:]e su* signs are f\nd 9 roomy =e/s ne> d5se ?ickets1 ! sportsman c1 ) mod]ate c]ta9ty1 c\nt on gett+ a trophy by /alk+ quietly or wait+ f sunrise to ab\t #h o'clock ,a4,m41 or f an h\r or s be=e sund[n until d>k4 ,( c\rse x is easi] to get meat = ! pot ne> /reams & fe$+ places1 :]e !re are pl5ty ( tracks1 b z doe & fawn %oot+ aims at ! base ( life1 & z old bucks usually d n make _! appe>ance !re z long z x is light en\gh = a rifle %ot1 ,i w\ld n advise "o to /alk or wait !re at all4 ,/alk+ dur+ ra9y days 9 op5 =e/s :]e bucks h left evid5ces1 su* z blaz$ trees1 w1 z a rule1 be rew>d$4 ,at t "t1 game be+ comp>atively undi/urb$1 mo/ de] are %ot at :ile /&+1 & ev5 a poor %ot c h>dly miss4 ,h[ev]1 z track+ is m difficult ?an :5 sn[ cov]s ! gr\nd1 x is advisable to wat* ! de] closely = ! signs at ! mom5t ( fir+4 ,! mo/ important sign to obs]ve is ! action ( ! game :5 x receives ! missile1 s9ce x is an evid5ce ( :]e x 0 hit4 ,if /ruck some:]e 9 ! front half1 x usually jumps into ! air--t is1 if x does n drop in/antly1 :i* incid5t we h no ne$ to consid] 9 ?is connection--& if /ruck 9 ! h9d half1 x w kick out ) ! h9d legs4 ,a de] %ot ?r\gh ! he>t seldom drops imm$iately4 ,aft] ! fir/ jump1 :i* is (t5 h>dly p]ceptible & no d\bt ov]look$ by ! av]age hunt]1 x g5]ally makes (f at top spe$1 runn+ close d[n to ! gr\nd4 ,x may run only fifty y>ds1 & x may run five hundr$1 b "o ?+ is c]ta9--! hunt] c foll[ at once1 & ! animal w be dead by ! "t he rea*es x4 ,! mo/ /rik+ exception to ! rule ( he>t %ots ! writ] saw 9 ! ,sn[y ,m\nta9s1 ,montana1 dur+ #aijd4 ,a buck 0 gallop+1 broadside expos$1 at a di/ance ( ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty y>ds1 & 0 fir$ at4 ,f\r or five jumps aft] ! %ot 0 fir$ he /opp$ beh9d "s trees1 :i* prev5t$ ano!r %ot4 ,he rema9$ hidd5 a few seconds1 !n trott$ ab\t ?irty y>ds & /opp$ aga92 f9ally he trott$ (f1 directly away f me1 & if ev] ,i w\ld h sworn t a de] 0 miss$1 ,i w\ld h done s !n4 ,h[ev]1 =ce ( habit compell$ me to foll[ ! trail1 & ab\t two hundr$ y>ds f :]e he /opp$ la/1 ! buck lay /one dead4 ,! bullet1 a /eel-jacket$ 4#cj ,u4 ,s41 _h p5etrat$ ! he>t squ>ely1 & made a hole ! size ( a qu>t]4 ,!re 0 n a drop ( blood along ! trail4 ,moral3 ,foll[ ! de]1 ev5 if y ?9k y h miss$4 ,a de] %ot ?r\gh ! lungs usually goes (f1 aft] ! fir/ jump1 z if no?+ _h happ5$ to x4 ,!re is no v>iance 9 its trail f t ( an un9jur$ de]1 b alongside ! trail !re is 9 e case ! /ory ( :]e ! bullet hit1 9 ! %ape ( foamy1 light-color$ blood4 ,?is trail1 too1 may be foll[$ imm$iately4 ,illu/ration3 7#a7 ,trail ( a de] %ot ?r\gh brisket1 & leg brok5 l[ 9 %\ld]4 7#b7 ,trail ( a de] %ot ?r\gh ! %\ld]s high4 7#c7 ,trail ( a de] ) brok5 =eleg--! l[] ! leg is brok5 ! m drag !re is4 ,! %\ld] %ot 7,no4 #b7 %\ld be foll[$ imm$iately4 ,x is be/ to %oot aga9 :5 a de] gets up aft] ! fir/ %ot /rikes x "h4 ,!y always drop l dead :5 %ot ?us4 ,illu/ration3 7#a7 ,trail ( a de] ) brok5 h9d leg--! l[] ! leg is brok5 ! m drag !re is4 7#b7 ,trail ( a de] %ot ?r\gh ! ham4 7#c7 ,?is trail usually means %ot ?r\gh inte/9es1 liv] & (t5 lungs at ! same "t2 ! animal w n g mu* ov] a mile1 ev5 if n giv5 "t to get sick1 & dea? results 9 less ?an two h\rs4 ,illu/ration3 7#a7 ,same z ,no4 #c on opposite page1 b bullet did n p5etrate to ! lungs4 ,! animal dies sl[ly1 & aft] a c\ple ( h\rs is usually %ot 9 its b$4 7#b7 ,! cross jump2 result ( a bullet ?r\gh inte/9es or liv] :5 ! animal 0 broadside to ! hunt]--usually ! sl[e/ kill+ %ot4 7#c7 ,! tracks ( a w\nd$ de] nev] regi/] :]e ! animal 0 walk+4 ,all ^! curi\s jumps may be se5 on "o trail1 alt]nat+ ) jumps z made by a s\nd de]4 ,!y indicate s(t %ots1 & %\ld n be foll[$ )9 two h\rs aft] ! animal 0 %ot4 ,blood1 etc41 on ! trail decides = ! track] :]e ! bullet /ruck4 ,usually ! less blood ! sur] ! animal w be f\nd dead aft] a few h\rs4 ,a liv] %ot is1 p]haps1 ! lea/ satisfactory ( any4 ,sometimes ! de] on be+ %ot ?r\gh ! liv]1 kicks1 & at o!r times x humps itself up1 b always x leaves ! place at a q lively rate1 mak+ a trail l a lung-%ot de]1 ) "h & !re a cross jump betwe54 7,see illu/ration47 ,x is h>d to advise :at "o %\ld d 9 ?is case4 ,i g5]ally smoke a pipeful ( tobacco be=e tak+ up ! trail1 to give ! animal "t to lie d[n4 ,aft] t ,i foll[ & try to get ano!r %ot4 ,:ile ,i h kill$ de] in/antly ) %ots ?r\gh ! liv]1 !re h be5 "s t ,i nev] br\ght to bag4 ,once ,i kill$ an elk ?ree days aft] we _h fri$ p>ts ( its liv] :i* _h dropp$ out ?r\gh ! hole made by a projectile f a heavy-calib] ,engli% rifle1 us$ previ\sly = hunt+ elephants4 ,at ano!r "t ,i kill$ a de] "o ye> aft] hav+ %ot x ?r\gh ! liv]4 ,:5 kill$1 ?is de] 0 app>5tly z well & fat z c\ld be1 ?\gh 9 place ( ! s(t liv] we f\nd a h>d mass4 ,a %ot ?r\gh ! inte/9es causes ! animal to kick viol5tly1 hump up its back1 & g (f at a sl[ rate4 ,x usually lies d[n )9 a qu>t] ( a mile1 & /ays d[n if n mole/$ too soon4 ,along ! trail may be f\nd a little d>k-color$ blood1 & sometimes matt] ! animal has eat54 ,de] %ot ?us %\ld n be foll[$ be=e at lea/ two h\rs h pass$1 s9ce if jump$ !y (t5 g = miles4 ,a de] ) a brok5 leg may be foll[$ at once1 ?\gh ! *ase is usually quick] end$ if half an h\r is giv5 = ! animal to settle d[n4 ,9 my op9ion a sportsman :o does any consid]able hunt+ = big game %\ld h 8 dog tra9$ to foll[ a track z f> z 8 ma/] w foll[ him4 ,a dog t runs de] is useless1 & if he w n /ay close to 8 ma/] he mu/ be kept on a lea%4 ,!re is no law 9 any ,/ate aga9/ su* use ( a dog1 & x w\ld save mu* h>d "w to ! man ^: eye is n tra9$ = track+ :5 !re is no sn[4 ,besides ! signs visible :5 a de] is %ot1 !re are ^? :i* are br\ght to ! hunt]'s k ?r\gh 8 e>3 a h>d1 %>p s\nd convey+ ! intellig5ce t a bone is /ruck 7& if x is n a leg ! de] w h>dly run71 & a dull ?ud tell+ t a s(t "p is hit4 ,9 any & e case ! hunt] %\ld exam9e m9utely ! place :]e ! game /ood :5 x 0 %ot at4 ,! hair cut (f by ! bullet is (t5 ( great assi/ance 9 det]m9+ ! location ( ! w\nd1 & ! torn-up ne$les or gr\nd (t5 %[ if ! animal jump$ or kick$ z x 0 %ot4 ,rememb] t ! successful hunt] is nev] 9 a hurry1 & m9utes sp5t 9 close obs]vation w (t5 save h\rs ( exhau/+ *ase4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ho( ,,( ,,black-,,tail$ ,,de]4 7,,slightly ,,r$uc$7 ,lat] 9 ! season1 :5 r\gh w9ds h robb$ decidu\s bu%es ( _! leaves1 bucks g5]ally *ange _! day /&1 ab&on+ quak+-asp5 ?ickets1 & settl+ d[n among w9dfalls & small conif]\s trees1 !reby (f]+ bett] *ances = %ots at any h\r ( ! day4 ,/ill lat]1 dur+ ! rutt+ season1 ! bigge/ specim5s & be/ fight]s w occupy ^? roomy1 op5 =e/s1 :]e 9 ,septemb] & e>ly ,octob] !y make _! appe>ance only dur+ morn+ & ev5+ h\rs4 ,^! old ov]-lords at ?is "t select ! places ( a wid] view1 app>5tly to see o!rs ( _! k9d t may pass1 to fight !m (f _! range if !y are bucks1 & to claim own]%ip ( !m if !y are does4 ,! :ite-tail buck does n keep a h>em1 z is done by ! elk & to "s ext5t by ! black-tail$ de]1 b /ays ) a doe a few days only1 g5]ally two or ?ree1 & !n looks out = adv5tures else:]e1 or1 m probably1 ! doe does n c>e = 8 company aft] be+ satisfi$1 & avoids him4 ,be=e ! close ( ! hunt+ season1 :]e x is ext5d$ until ,janu>y #a1 bucks aga9 /ay 9 ?ickets z prior to ! rutt+ season1 & soon aft] migrate to _! w9t] range1 :]e !y1 9 company ) does & fawns1 sp5d ! rigor\s season ( ! ye>4 ,summ+ up1 we h sev5 signs by :i* to di/+ui% a buck's trail f t ( a doe1 ( :i* ! fir/ 9 ! foll[+ li/ is a feature ( ! :ite-tail$ de] solely1 & ( :i* ! ?ree la/ nam$ _c be reg>d$ z always absolutely c]ta93 #a4 ,wat*+ f cov]2 #b4 ,drag2 #c4 ,blaz+ ( trees2 #d4 ,paw+ ( gr\nd2 #e4 ,di/ance ( tracks f c5t] l9e2 #f4 ,! po9t+ outw>d ( toes2 #g4 ,! lagg+ back ) ! h9d legs4 ,,! ,,fan-,,tail$ ,,de] ,,! exi/5ce ( ! fan-tail$ de]1 or gazelle-de]1 z x is sometimes call$1 is d5i$ by "s :o "k no bett]1 b x is g5]ally recogniz$ by old tim]s & m5 :o hunt x 9 its pres5t re/rict$ habitat4 ,t its range 0 =m]ly m ext5sive ?an n[1 & t ev5 n[ x /ill exi/s 9 widely sep>at$ di/ricts1 ! writ] inf]s f a lett] ( ,ju/ice ,d\glas1 late ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ,new ,york1 ^: guide app>5tly %ot "o 9 ,mi*igan1 & f an article 9 a sportsman's p]iodical by ,mr4 ,erne/ ,mc,gaffey1 :o f\nd x 9 ! ,black ,hills4 ,! writ] f\nd relics ( !m 9 ! ,bad ,l&s ( ,montana & live specim5s 9 ! ,sn[y ,m\nta9s ( ! same ,/ate4 ,x is evid5tly a small] v>iety ( ! common ,virg9ia de]1 ) a m>k$ly long] tail2 h[ev]1 z its track %[s "s decid$ diff]5ces1 by :i* x c readily be di/+ui%$1 x is consid]$ advisable to treat x sep>ately4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fan-,,tail$ ,,buck ,,de]4 7,,"o-,,half ,,natural ,,size7 7#a7 ,front track4 7#b7 ,h9d track4 7#c7 ,walk4 7#d7 ,trot4 7#e7 ,gallop4 7,a7 ,du/ heap4 7,b7 ,hillock4 ,to beg9 )1 ! heels ( ! ho( are z broad z ^? ( ! ,virg9ia de]1 yet ! ho( is consid]ably %ort]1 & consequ5tly ! track also1 a feature :i* is1 h[ev]1 ( value only on good track+ gr\nd4 ,! buck ( ?is de]1 ^: tracks always regi/]1 walks ) ho(s press$ close toge!r1 puts ! heels firmly on ! gr\nd1 :i* action moves ! gr\nd or sn[ t[>d ! front1 & /eps (f by mak+ a deep impr9t ) ! toes4 ,! result is a small hillock 9 ! middle ( ! track &1 z ?is de] nev] drags its feet1 a small du/ heap 9 front ( x4 ,9 sn[ or mud1 ( c\rse1 ! latt] sign _c be f\nd4 ,z ?is de] is mu* small] ?an ! ord9>y :ite-tail1 its /eps are consequ5tly %ort]1 & 9 loose sn[1 :]e no individual track is visible1 its trail may be mi/ak5 = t ( a fawn1 & only by foll[+ x a di/ance c an error be avoid$4 ,once a fri5d & ,i on our way home /ruck a trail1 & :ile walk+ alongside x we bo? express$ our op9ion t ! de] :i* made x 0 ! smalle/ fawn 9 t t]ritory4 ,we nev] w\ld h giv5 t trail any consid]ation _h x n run along our pa?4 ,z x 01 we foll[$ x1 & aft] we _h gone a hundr$ y>ds or s1 my indiff]5ce *ang$ to int5se int]e/2 = x c\ld be se5 t ! de] _h tak5 obs]vations f ne>ly e %ield+ object x _h pass$4 ,?is caus$ me to express ! belief t ?is de] 0 a v old fan-tail$ buck1 & ev5ts prov$ ,i 0 n mi/ak54 ,he _h lo/ all 8 front tee? b two1 :i* 7 badly us$ up1 _h f\r po9ts on ea* antl]1 & weigh$ less ?an fifty p\nds aft] 8 entrails 7 remov$4 ,z 8 conduct ! day he 0 hunt$ d[n disclos$ "s features (t5 exp]i5c$ 9 ! pursuit ( de]1 x is n out ( place to relate x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,de] ,,tracks 7#a7 ,cant]4 7#b7 ,go+ at a lively rate1 9 b\nds up to tw5ty-f\r feet2 lung-%ot de] (t5 run ?is way4 7#c7 ,top spe$1 b\nds up to tw5ty-eight feet--indicates he>t-%ot if ! animal is w\nd$4 ,he 0 locat$ 9 a ?icket1 & jump$ ) ! assi/ance ( ! w9d1 a me?od :i* w be ref]r$ to lat]4 ,we saw him b did n fire1 z our *ance opportunity 0 lo/ :ile we 7 look+ = ! horns s z to be sure n to kill a doe4 ,8 trail l$ to a creek two miles di/ant1 & !re disappe>$4 ,i knew t he _h gone along 9 ! creek1 = w\nd$ de] _h (t5 trick$ me 9 t mann]1 b t a well de] %\ld resort to t me?od to ?r[ me (f ! track1 aft] be+ s slightly mole/$1 0 r a/oni%+4 ,a qu>t] ( a mile up/ream ,i f\nd :]e he _h left ! wat]1 & ,i foll[$ ! trail1 hav+ resolv$ t ,i w\ld kill t buck 9 "o way or ano!r4 ,! trail l$ me two miles f>!r1 & !n x /opp$4 ,! sn[ 0 l s&1 & prev5t$ ! individual tracks f be+ se5 pla9ly4 ,! buck _h back-track$1 & ,i _h ov]run ! spot f :i* he made ! side-jump4 ,back ,i w5t1 & aft] go+ ?ree hundr$ y>ds ,i f\nd 8 artful side-jump1 & ! trail l$ into a ?ick clump ( p9es4 ,aga9 ,i s5t ! w9d 9 z a driv]1 & t "t got a %ot2 b ,i did n d[n my qu>ry4 ,! trail %[$ ! buck 0 %ot ?r\gh ! brisket & %\ld] 7l[74 ,!n ,i sat d[n1 ate my lun*1 & smok$ my pipe4 ,aft] t ! trail l$ me aga9 to ! creek4 ,i cross$ to ! o!r side &1 ab\t fifty y>ds f ! creek1 foll[$ its c\rse ov] half a mile1 kn[+ t ! buck w\ld n leave ! wat] on ! side he ent]$ x to lie d[n4 ,f9ally ! creek l$ pa/ a fir tree ) l[-hang+ bran*es1 & z ! trail _h n be5 se5 ?us f>1 ,i 0 mod]ately sure t ! buck _h n pass$ t cov]--& x prov$ t he _h n4 ,dur+ sn[less times if a de] has be5 w\nd$ & gets away1 hunt+ a day or two aft] along /reams 9 ! di/rict w (t5 br+ to bay ! w\nd$ animal4 ,if x has ! /r5g?1 x w hunt up wat] to cool ! w\nd1 & !n crawl into ! d5se/ cov] t is ne>4 ,i h f\nd _m de] 9 ?is way1 dead & alive--& /ill m skeletons to :i* ! tracks ( v>m9ts l$ me 9 ! lat] season4 ,! signs ( ! fan-tail$ buck are3 #a4 ,wat*+ f cov]2 #b4 ,hillock 9 track2 #c4 ,du/ heap 9 front ( track2 #d4 ,blaz+ ( trees2 #e4 ,paw+ ( gr\nd4 ,,! ,,mule-,,de] ,,! track ( ! black-tail$ or mule-de]1 :ile x %[s no appreciable diff]5ces f t ( ! ,virg9ia 79 :ite-tail c\ntry71 und]goes--ev5 9 ! m\nta9s & breaks1 its prop] habitat--*anges int]e/+ n only to ! /ud5t b to ! hunt]4 ,! ?ree pictures ( ! h9d foot ( ! same f\r-ye>-old mule-de] buck %[ :at int]m$iate v>iations occur 9 ! track ( ?is animal4 ,! photograph 0 tak5 :5 ! buck 0 kill$1 & ! draw+s made 9 ! ra9y mon? ( ,june1 & at ! "t ( ! de]'s dea? 9 ,octob]1 respectively4 ,t p>ticul> buck _h its pref]r$ /& on a l(ty ridge1 too high an altitude = :ite-tail$ de] to make _! p]man5t abode1 ?\gh !y frequ5t x z transi5t visitors4 ,! mule-de] always puts its foot d[n firmly f above1 :ile ! motion ( ! ,virg9ia de] might be call$ r "o ( slid+2 & because ( ?is ! ho(s spread sideways )\t l5g!n+ ! tracks4 ,?is gives ! track ( ! latt] a some:at r\nd appe>ance z long z !re is moi/ure 9 ! gr\nd1 or if x is cov]$ by sn[ t is n too dry4 ,?is =m ( ! track is usually f\nd dur+ ! w9t] & e>ly summ]4 ,( c\rse1 :5 ! rim becomes prom95t en\gh to prev5t spread+1 z is ! case dur+ prolong$ dry wea!r or 9 ! arid regions1 a big mule-de] w make a r small track1 & 9 _m in/ances ! sole ( ! ho( does n %[ at all 9 ! m>k4 ,! track has v mu* ! appe>ance ( t made by a dome/ic %eep1 yet x is diff]5t f x because 9 ! %eep's track ! heels & soles always %[1 & ! ho(s are spread to an ext5t n f\nd 9 de]4 ,besides1 ! halves ( ! ho( ( a mule-de] are z a rule almo/ exactly alike1 :]eas ) ! %eep t is b seldom ! case4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mule-,,de] 7#a7 ,track ( buck1 sket*$ dur+ ,june 7flat2 ab\t half natural size74 7#b7 ,track ( same buck 9 ,octob] 7see photograph ( foot74 7#c7 ,dome/ic %eep 7flat74 7#d7 ,trail ( buck2 drag dur+ rutt+ season f "o /ep to ! next4 7#e7 ,trail ( doe4 7#f7 ,gallop4 ,! buck ( ! mule-de] evid5tly has n s5se en\gh to sp5d1 = safety's sake1 "s ( 8 "t 9 wat*+ f cov]1 & because ( ?is 8 trail leads along )\t /opp+1 except :]e he did s to fe$4 ,moreov]1 he does n v5t 8 ang] at a rival by paw+ ! gr\nd z ! :ite-tail buck does4 ,z ! rutt+ season ( mule-de] is lat] 9 ! ye>1 ! drag 9 ! buck's trail is a mo/ prom95t feature1 :5 9 ! case ( ! ,virg9ia de] x has ceas$ to connect ! individual tracks4 ,9 det]m9+ :e!r "o /&s be=e ! trail ( a mule-de] or "s o!r k9d1 ! locality :]e ! track is f\nd has to be consid]$1 :i* (t5 solves ! "q4 ,_! natural habitat is usually high] m\nta9s1 & ev5 ! treeless breaks :]e no :ite-tail$ de] are to be f\nd4 ,! possibility ( conf\nd+ a big mule-de] track ) a small elk track is n remote2 h[ev]1 if "o obs]ves closely1 mi/akes w n occur (t51 z ! "y elk places 8 feet ne>] ! c5t] l9e "u ! body ?an an old mule-de] buck1 & nev] makes any drag4 ,!n aga9 a full-gr[n elk always makes a track at lea/ twice ! size ( t ( ! mule-de]4 ,! signs ( ! mule-de] buck are3 #a4 ,drag2 #b4 ,blaz+ ( trees2 #c4 ,di/ance ( tracks f c5t] l9e2 #d4 ,po9t+ outw>d ( toes4 ,,! ,,wapiti ,,or ,,elk ,,9 ! pursuit ( ,c]vus canad5sis ! aim ( ! track] is to di/+ui% ! signs ( ! bull f ^? ( ! c[4 ,z ! numb] to be kill$ p] season by ea* hunt] is limit$ by law to "o or two bulls1 ! pursu] is naturally int]e/$ 9 kn[+ h[ to tell ! signs ( ! old ones4 ,!y are3 #a4 ,size ( track2 #b4 ,di/ance ( track f c5t] l9e2 #c4 ,po9t+ outw>d ( ho(s2 #d4 ,hillock 9 track2 #e4 ,lagg+ back ) h9d legs2 #f4 ,clos5ess ( track2 #g4 ,r\ndness ( toes2 #h4 ,blaz+ ( trees2 #i4 ,paw+ ( gr\nd2 #aj4 ,size & r\ndness ( dew-claws4 ,illu/ration3 ,,elk4 7,,"o-,,half ,,natural ,,size7 7#a7 ,bull track4 7,a7 ,clos5ess ( track4 7,b7 ,hillock4 7#b7 ,c[ track1 flat 7note spread74 7#c7 ,trail ( bull4 7#d7 ,trail ( c[4 7#e7 ,trail ( calf4 ,a male ye>l+ has a bigg] ho(1 & consequ5tly makes a l>g] track1 ?an a female ( ! same age1 & z ! track ( a ?ree-ye>-old bull is ! size ( t ( a l>ge c[1 x is obvi\s t ev5 ! track ( ! l>ge/ /]ile specim5 ( ! hornless sex _c approa* 9 size t made by an old bull4 ,z ! g5]al size ( ! elk diff]s 9 _! v>i\s di/ricts1 ?is fact has to be consid]$2 an elk 9 ! ,coa/ c\ntry1 = example1 is mu* inf]ior 9 weight to an elk ( ! same age 9 ! ,rockies4 ,= ?is reason x is necess>y to "k ! g5]al size ( ! elks 9 ! t]ritory 9 :i* ! track+ is done to e/imate ) approximate correctness ! numb] ( po9ts on _! horns f ! size ( ! track4 ,illu/ration3 ,,elk 7#f7 ,gallop4 7#g7 ,trot4 ,! bigg] ! bull1 ! f>!r1 ( c\rse1 /& ! tracks away f ! c5t] l9e4 ,:at has be5 said ab\t ?is1 & ab\t ! po9t+ outw>d ( toes 9 ! *apt] on ,virg9ia de]1 applies also to ! elk1 ) ! diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! latt] x is always a sure sign ( ! bull1 z is also ! lagg+ back ) ! h9d feet4 ,l ! fan-tail buck1 ! elk bull1 9 8 mann] ( walk+1 makes a hill 9 8 track1 b !re is no du/ heap 9 front ( ! latt]'s1 z ! elk app>5tly does n /ep (f s clean4 ,! bull elk always manages to walk ) tightly clos$ ho(s1 at v>iance ) ! c[1 :i* lets ! ho(s spread m4 ,by reason ( 8 weight & 8 habit ( paw+ ! gr\nd1 ! po9ts ( ! ho(s or toes ( an old bull become r blunt1 caus+ a mu* r\nd] track ?an a c[ makes2 & 9 a big track1 l t ( an elk1 su* features %[ up conspicu\sly1 :ile x w\ld be a h>d matt] to detect !m 9 a mu* small] de] track1 ev5 on ! be/ track+ gr\nd4 ,! dew-claws1 be+ mu* ?ick] & blunt] 9 ! bull ?an 9 ! c[1 are a c]ta9 di/9ctive feature1 b _! impr9t c be se5 only 9 mud or sn[1 & !re ! o!r m prom95t signs ( ! bull track are1 z a rule1 visible also & w be f\nd m reliable4 ,! "y bull (t5 ov]/eps ! =efoot track ) ! h9d foot2 !re=e 9 case ! tracks d n regi/] x is necess>y to exam9e ! two individual tracks ( "o side4 ,if ! bigg] track is 9 front1 an old bull made x1 & if ! rev]se is ! case1 ! animal is n wor? foll[+1 because x is a "y "o4 ,l all memb]s ( ! de] tribes1 ! elk bull cleanses 8 horns ( ! velvet on trees1 &1 9 addition to paw+ ! gr\nd ) ! ho(s1 he (t5 belabors x ) 8 horns 9 8 ang] ) a rival4 ,"s consid] ! di/ance betwe5 ! individual tracks 9 ! attempt to det]m9e ! size & o!r po9ts ( ! elk1 & if ! animal has be5 se51 ?is is well1 b if !re is only ! trail to decide by1 x appe>s to be a f>-fet*$ sign1 because ! f\ndation1 a k ( ! spe$1 is lack+4 ,,! ,,moose ,,! favorite r5dezv\s1 9 summ] or w9t] range1 ( any o!r memb] ( ! de] tribes may be asc]ta9$ by ! obs]vant trail]1 & ! animal f\nd )9 a giv5 area ) mod]ate c]ta9ty1 b n s our mo/ gigantic game1 ! moose2 he is f> too mu* ( a travel]4 ,true1 he too has 8 range1 b its limits are s ext5d$ t he may return to ! same place b once )9 a mon? or two4 ,"h to-day & else:]e to-morr[ seems to be 8 rule4 ,yet1 9 spite ( ! moose's habits1 ! track] may bag him 9 any giv5 locality by asc]ta9+ 9 :at umbrage\s ?icket or on :at wood$ hillside ! moose pref]s to /ay dur+ 8 visits1 t is1 if ! hunt] does n wi% to run him d[n by %e] endurance1 :i* w\ld take him ov] deep1 cru/$ sn[1 co/ ab\t a week's h>d "w1 & furni% poor sport4 ,on acc\nt ( its extraord9>y size1 x is out ( ! "q t ! track ( a bull moose %\ld be mi/ak5 = t ( ano!r de]2 r x might be tak5 = t ( a big ox1 except ! track ( ! latt] is always r\nd] & ! entire ho(-=m diff]5t4 ,:]e any d\bt exi/s1 a close exam9ation w inv>iably dispel x4 ,9 =m+ a conclusion ab\t a moose track ! *ief aim is always to decide if x 0 made by a bull or c[4 ,! ho( ( ! bull is bulki] ?an t ( ! c[1 & %\ld !re=e produce a r\nd] track4 ,! imm5se weight ( ! animal t5ds to oblit]ate su* m9or di/9ctive features 9 mo/ cases :]e ! gr\nd is n v h>d4 ,! dew-claws on ! bull are always f>!r ap>t ?an on ! c[1 & z !y are mu* blunt] !y make a good m>k to consid]4 ,! individual tracks ( ! bull are f>!r (f f ! c5t] l9e ?an 9 ! case ( ! c[2 b z ! /ride is long1 ?is feature is n app>5t to any appreciable ext5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moose ,,bull ,,track 7,ab\t "o-half natural size7 ,! l5g? ( ! /eps1 if x is possible to e/imate ! gait he 0 travel+ f 8 o!r actions 7fe$+1 etc471 is "o ( ! be/ signs ( ! bull1 s9ce he makes m>k$ly long] /rides ?an ! c[ ( equal size4 ,illu/ration3 ,,moose ,,tracks 7#a7 ,trail ( bull4 7#b7 ,trail ( c[4 7#c7 ,trot4 7#d7 ,gallop4 ,f all ! =ego+ x is obvi\s t x is a r d\btful possibility = ! beg9n] to tell ! track ( a bull f t ( a c[1 b actual obs]vations 9 ! woods w imp>t to him ! ability to di/+ui% betwe5 !m ) a consid]able degree ( accuracy4 ,until he s le>ns he %\ld foll[ e likely look+ track until x ent]s a ?icket1 & if he is foll[+ a bull ) a halfway good set ( horns he w notice ov]head brok5 twigs & b5t bran*es1 or p]haps he w f9d along ! trail blaz$ trees1 brok5 bu%es1 or ! gr\nd torn ) ho(s or horns1 & may "k by ^! also t a bull made ! signs4 ,unlike any o!r de] previ\sly discuss$1 ! moose1 :5 trott+1 ov]/eps ! =efeet tracks ) ! h9d feet to a consid]able ext5t4 7,see sket* ( trail47 ,z signs ( ! bull moose we may consid]3 #a4 ,r\ndness ( ho(2 #b4 ,di/ance betwe5 & bluntness ( dew-claws2 #c4 ,di/ance ( tracks f c5t] l9e2 #d4 ,l5g? ( /eps2 #e4 ,break+ ( twigs ) horns 7ov]head along trail72 #f4 ,blaz+ ( trees2 #g4 ,paw+ ( gr\nd4 ,,! ,,m\nta9 ,,%eep ,:]e fir/ ! e>ly sunbeams gl[ ,on rugg$ cliffs1 ?r\gh morn+ %r\ds1 ,:]e icy w9ds 9 summ] bl[ ,on cre/s among ! ?und] cl\ds1 ,way up on m\nta9s high & /eep1 ,!re lives & roams ! bighorn %eep4 ,,! k+ ( sports1 und\bt$ly1 is ! pursuit ( ! bighorn1 b on acc\nt ( ! habitat ( ?is game1 "u normal conditions1 x is re/rict$ to comp>atively few hunt]s1 s9ce p]fect physical condition & unsw]v+ p]sev]ance are requir$ to endure ! h>d%ips :i* pres5t !mselves 9 m\nta9 climb+ & camp+ out ( camp1 & to be> *e]fully ! _m disc\rag+ exp]i5ces :i* are commonly ! lot ( ! sportsman :o desires to secure ! f9e/ trophy to be tak5 9 our c\ntry4 ,no o!r rem9d] ( ! *ase w br+ back to memory s _m pleasant recollections z ! head & horns ( an old m\nta9 ram aft] "t has oblit]at$ ! memory ( ! h>d%ips endur$1 & has wov5 ar\nd ! trophy a halo ?r\gh :i* ! m9d's eye sees aga9 sublime views f l(ty m\nta9 peaks1 roseate dawns & gl[+ sunsets1 :i* ba!d cliffs & cre/s & crags 9 a flood ( molt5 gold4 ,aga9 ! hunt] feels ! ?rill ( c>e-free indep5d5ce ( ! trifl+ _w bel[1 & exp]i5ces b\ndless elation z ! crack ( ! rifle1 s\nd+ & res\nd+ f a ?\s& crags1 proclaims to ! ,alp9e _w ! triumphant end ( ! *ase4 ,! track+ ( ?is game consi/s *iefly 9 locat+ x by ! signs left on high mead[s1 or ne> spr+s or salt-licks4 ,except = ! l>g] spoor ( ! ram1 !re is no diff]5ce 9 ! track or trail ( ei!r sex4 ,g5]ally on mead[s or ne> spr+s1 :]e ! big tracks ( a s+le animal1 or at mo/ a c\ple ( !m1 are frequ5tly f\nd1 & :]e ! tracks ( lambs are conspicu\s by _! abs5ce1 "o may expect1 ) mod]ate c]ta9ty1 to see game wor?y ( a %ot1 z rams pref] to range alone1 except at rutt+ "t & dur+ ! w9t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\nta9 ,,%eep4 7,,"o-,,half ,,natural ,,size7 7#a7 ,front track4 7#b7 ,h9d track4 7#c7 ,trail4 7#d7 ,leaps4 ,if !re is no sn[1 "o may le>n to "k ! track ( e individual %eep :i* frequ5ts ! range1 & if he sp5ds mu* "t !re he w see an animal at too great a di/ance to be %ot at1 b if he has any memory at all1 he w recognize its track if he f9ds x any:]e 9 t region4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 does n ref] to m\nta9 %eep bel[ ! av]age1 :i*1 ,i assume1 are ( little int]e/ to ! sportsman :o takes ! tr\ble to hunt = a trophy2 nor does ! meat hunt] g up into ^! regions = ! pot1 z he w get some?+ easi] l[] d[n4 ,if ! fe$+ gr\nd or wat]+ place ( an old ram is once kn[n1 ab\t ! be/ ?+ to d is to wait = ! qu>ry4 ,if ! game is se51 & x has n already obs]v$ ! hunt]1 x usually c be flagg$ z antelopes 7 9 =m] days4 ,! olde/ bucks1 h[ev]1 seldom respond to ! summons1 & are seldom lur$ )9 rifle range by ?is me?od4 ,hunt+ bighorn has mu* 9 common ) hunt+ antelopes1 b 9 ! pursuit ( ! =m] !re is gr&] sc5]y & m physical ex]cise4 ,! tracks ( m\nta9 %eep (t5 %[ ! cross-/ep1 seldom regi/]1 &1 z ! animals :5 runn+ h to place _! feet :]e !y c1 ! trail gives no indication ( :]e an animal has be5 hit4 ,inf9itely great] vigilance is requir$ ?an 9 de] hunt+ to obs]ve ! signs at ! mom5t ( fir+1 & 9 ! /udy ( hair & blood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hog ,,track2 ,,walk+4 7,,ab\t ,,half ,,natural ,,size7 ,to save ! novice f ridicul\s exp]i5ces ?is illu/ration is giv54 ,! hog track is always spread1 v seldom regi/]s1 &1 if ! gr\nd is n v h>d1 ! dew-claws are always %[n4 ,! ho( ( ! bighorn spreads easily & ev5ly2 !re=e1 9 ! track ! di/ance betwe5 ! heels is z great z betwe5 ! toes1 & frequ5tly great]--a fact :i* makes x impossible to conf\nd x ) t ( any o!r animal4 ,z /at$1 !re is b "o sign by :i* to tell ! ram3 ,size ( ! track4 ,,! ,,antelope ,,! track ( ! antelope looks l a comb9ation ( a bighorn track1 :i* x resembles some:at 9 l5g? & prom95ce ( ! out] rim ( ! ho(1 & t ( ! dome/ic %eep1 to :i* x be>s a lik5ess 9 ! %ape ( ! heels4 ,to conf\nd x1 h[ev]1 ) ei!r "o ( !m is a r remote possibility1 s9ce ! heels are broad] & clos] toge!r ?an ^? ( a m\nta9 %eep1 ) :i* 9 ! ,bad ,l&s ! antelope is sometimes f\nd 9 ! same range1 & ! spread is diff]5t f t ( ! dome/ic %eep4 ,9 ! case ( ! dome/ic %eep ! greate/ spread is at ! po9t ( ! toes1 :ile 9 ! case ( ! antelope1 ! ho( be+ hook$1 x is m betwe5 ! soles4 ,an antelope buck ( mod]ate size makes at all times a bigg] track ?an any range %eep1 ! track ( ! latt] always be+ r flat4 ,z antelopes live on ! op5 pla9s :]e !y are g5]ally hunt$ by sight+ !m1 & z a sportsman is all[$ to kill b "o 9 a season1 we w !re=e consid] only ! signs ( ! old bucks4 ,!re are b two signs1 & ^! c be cond5s$ into "o1 because !y are usually f\nd at ! same spot3 ,paw+ ( gr\nd1 & dropp+s4 ,! dropp+s are ( simil> size1 & ?\gh m or less connect$1 always comp>atively dry1 :ile f does & fawns !y are ei!r dry & scatt]$1 or1 if moi/1 9 a lump & always irregul> 9 size2 ! cause ( :i* seem+ ph5om5on is a c]ta9 am\nt ( glut9\s sub/ance 9 ! dropp+s ( ! buck4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h9d ,,foot ,,( ,,antelope4 7,,life ,,size7 ,! paw+ is usually done 9 old buffalo trails1 cattle runways1 & roads1 or :]e coal deposits come to ! surface mak+ ! gr\nd b>r5 ( vegetation2 :]e ?is sign is f\nd1 an old buck is always ne>1 ev5 if ! locality _c prop]ly be consid]$ antelope c\ntry4 ,old bucks1 be=e & aft] rutt+ season1 frequ5tly make _! habitat 9 roomy =e/s or 9 ! breaks ( ! ,bad ,l&s1 sometimes sev]al miles di/ant f ! gr\nds :]e ! h]ds roam4 ,illu/ration3 ,,antelope4 7,,"o-,,half ,,natural ,,size7 7#a7 ,track ( antelope4 7#b7 ,dome/ic %eep 7flat71 note spread4 7#c7 ,trail ( antelope4 7#d7 ,gallop 7no dew-claws2 ! antelope has none74 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,sign ,,( ,,! ,,antelope 7,,buck7 ,! rutt+ season beg9s ab\t ! middle ( ,augu/4 ,! old bucks are fir/ 9 select+ _! does1 b !y h to leave _! respective adh]5ts on acc\nt ( ! /rong] "y bucks1 :i* fight (f _! old & emaciat$ rivals4 ,dur+ ! rutt+ season all bucks h su* an emphatically disagreeable odor t x is absolutely impossible to eat ! meat2 aft]w>d !y are b sk9 & bones1 & be=e !y c pick up aga9 & are fit = food1 !y %$ _! horns4 ,! sportsman1 9 consequ5ce ( ! law1 :i* op5s ! %oot+ season = antelope ,septemb] #a/1 is put to two disagreeable alt]natives3 ei!r to %oot a buck & let ! meat rot1 sav+ horns & sk9 z a trophy ( ! sport 7871 or to kill a doe or fawn1 to fea/ on excell5t v5ison1 & incid5tally ha/5 ! ext]m9ation ( ! mo/ beautiful creature ( ! pla9s4 ,sport ) antelope bucks 9 ! full s5se ( ! ^w1 c be _h only dur+ ! summ] mon?s2 !n !y tax ! hunt]'s skill1 & _! meat is fit = ! table ( an epicure4 ,:5 _! natural range is absorb$ by private pres]ves1 or :5 human progress is advanc$ s f> t x dem&s ev5 ( politicians ! ex]cise ( "s common s5se1 !n1 no d\bt1 laws w be pass$ befitt+ ! game4 ,until !n1 ! sportsman1 to keep 8 %ield ( honor bright1 mu/ ab/a9 f ! kill+ ( antelope2 else1 ridicul\s & inconsi/5t z x may seem1 if he decides he mu/ h a trophy ( ?is k9d1 9 any ev5t1 he mu/ disreg>d ! /atutory laws4 ,flagg+ old bucks seems to me an inexcusable wa/e ( "t2 ^? :i* ,i h tri$ to flag h inv>iably he$$ ! signal1 & left imm$iately = di/ant ranges1 app>5tly hav+ pr(it$ f previ\s exp]i5ces4 ,! di/ress cry ( a jack-rabbit1 h[ev]1 inv>iably causes antelope to inve/igate4 ,(t5 :5 ,i h be5 call+ = wolves & coyotes1 antelopes h appe>$ seem+ly f n[h]e & approa*$ s close t !y c\ld easily h be5 kill$ ) a %otgun4 ,if !re is a h]d ( cattle 9 ! kn[n range ( an old buck x is almo/ a sure ?+ t he w associate ) !m dur+ ! late aft]noon4 ,9 timb]$ c\ntry bucks w be f\nd frequ5t+ comp>atively small p>ks :]e x is easy to /alk !m4 ,! antelope has ! wide/ range ( vision ( all our game1 b l ! o!rs x is unable to di/+ui% objects :5 look+ t[>d he sun1 a fact :i* at times has its advantages :5 hunt+ ! antelope or bighorn %eep4 ,! w\nd-signs are ! same z 9 de]2 b z antelope are usually %ot at 9 op5 c\ntry1 !y c g5]ally be se5 until !y drop dead or lie d[n4 ,9 ! latt] case x is m m]ciful to let !m die )\t di/urb+ !m1 unless x is possible f ! lay ( ! c\ntry to /alk !m s t _! mis]y may be end$ by a second well-aim$ %ot4 ,by reason ( ! ho(-=m1 ! v prom95t hillock 9 ! antelope track is ( no value 9 asc]ta9+ ! sex1 & nei!r is ! irregul> /epp+ 9 ! trail4 ,,comp>isons ,,( ,,! ,,male ,,signs ,,z ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,ho($ ,,game ,,animals ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,di/ance ,po9t+ ,hillock ,lagg+ ,animal ,size ( f ,outw>d 9 ,drag ,back ( ,track ,c5t] ( ,ho(s ,track ,h9d ,legs ,l9e ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,virg9ia - - ,de] ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,fan- ,tail$ ,du/ heap 9 front ( track - - ,de] ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,mule - - - ,de] ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,elk - ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,moose - ,l5g? ( /eps - ,break+ ( twigs ) horns ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,bighorn - - - - - ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,antelope - - - ,dropp+s ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,r\ndness ,size & ,animal ,cle>ness ( ,=m ( ,blaz+ (,paw+ ( ( ,track ,toes ,dew ,trees ,gr\nd ,claws ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,virg9ia ,wat*+ f cov] ,de] ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,fan- ,tail$ ,wat*+ f cov] ,de] ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,mule - - - - ,de] ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,elk ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,moose - ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,bighorn - - - - - ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,antelope - - - - ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,pr$ace\s ,,animals ,,! ,,be> ,,hunt+ be>s ) ! assi/ance ( guides suppli$ ) a well-tra9$ pack ( h\nds may be satisfactory1 if m]ely ! kill+ ( !m is desir$1 b x c]ta9ly is n sport1 & does n ev5 des]ve to be rank$ ) trapp+ be>s1 z 9 ! latt] case ! hunt] mu/ possess at lea/ "s k ( ! qu>ry's habitat & habits4 ,unlike a fox1 a be> :5 once f\nd by ! h\nds /&s no *ance ( escap+1 & !re w\ld be j z mu* sport 9 %oot+ ! animal 9 a p>k or p5 z 9 kill+ a run-to-bay be>4 ,?is applies also ) tru? to m\nta9 lions1 al?\gh p]haps !re is 9 ! case ( ! c\g> ! excuse ( ! animal's de/ructiv5ess4 ,! employm5t ( dogs 9 ! *ase w\ld nev] ext]m9ate or ev5 appreciably less5 ! numb] ( de] 9 any hunt+ c\ntry :]e lakes are n abundant1 b ev]y:]e x surely means ! d[nfall & ext9ction ( t relic ( gray ages1 ! be>4 ,:]e n pl5tiful--& ! places :]e !y are f\nd 9 numb] are to-day q few & remote f civilization--be>s are1 on ! :ole1 h>mless1 & decid$ly m useful ?an injuri\s4 ,! damage !y d is almo/ nil1 :ile !y s]ve man 9 _m ways4 ,! meat ( "y be>s is equal to ! be/ v5ison2 _! fat is decid$ly sup]ior to ! fancy l>d we buy1 ( ! s\rce & h&l+ ( :i* we are ignorant2 & ! hides give excell5t s]vice z robes1 rugs & clo?+4 ,9 my op9ion be>s %\ld be protect$ to a c]ta9 ext5t r ?an %ot d[n m]ely to make a record4 ,sport %\ld be conduct$ 9 a _s ( fairness to ! game1 & :ile a c\ple ( dogs is p]haps p]missible 9 be> hunt+1 /ill-hunt+ is ! bett] sport1 because x requires ! utmo/ skill & k ( woodcraft on acc\nt ( ! qu>ry's sagacity & cunn+1 :i* is sup]ior to t ( any o!r ( our wild animals4 ,ev5 if "o is able to read ! habits ( ! be> cle>ly f its trail1 x is necess>y to possess an abundant supply ( pati5ce1 =1 b>r+ lucky accid5ts1 no "o c reasonably hope to outwit ,bru9 at ! fir/ attempt4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be> ,,feet--,,"r ,,side 7,,"o-,,qu>t] ,,natural ,,size7 ,! end ( _! hib]nation dep5ds l>gely on ! wea!r1 b ab\t ,m>* or ,april be>s frequ5t sn[less slopes & gul*es 9 se>* ( roots1 bulbs1 & simil> food1 & x is !re "o mu/ look = signs at t "t4 ,if a cold spell int]rupts ! spr+ wea!r1 z is (t5 ! case1 a trail1 sometimes a week old1 w (t5 lead ! hunt] to a ne>by ?icket :]e ,bru9 has made himself a b$ on ! gr\nd1 ) ! int5tion ( sleep+ until ano!r ?aw4 ,he usually *anges 8 b$ e two or ?ree days1 b ord9>ily w n leave ! ?icket unless he is di/urb$4 ,if a be> is f\nd to be 9 su* a ?icket1 ! hunt] %\ld curb 8 impati5ce & susp5d foll[+ up ! trail until ! sn[ gets s(t1 :5 he c "w c>efully aga9/ ! w9d t[>d 8 qu>ry4 ,h[ev]1 z x is usually impossible to see f>!r ?an t5 or tw5ty feet ahead1 ,bru9 has1 9 ?is k9d ( hunt+1 mu* ! be/ ( ! hunt]1 & ! latt] f9ds 9 mo/ cases an empty b$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be> ,,trail4 7,,/eps ,,ab\t ,,two ,,feet ,,ap>t7 ,if ! ?icket is n too l>ge ! w9d-hunt+ me?od be=e describ$ w1 no d\bt1 (t5 give satisfaction2 b z a rule ! ?ickets :i* ! be>s make _! spr+ habitat are ( too great an ext5t4 ,! sure/ & easie/ way to get him is to p]suade "s o!r fell[ to foll[ ! trail :ile y int]cept & %oot ! be> :5 he leaves ! ?icket4 ,k ( ,bru9's cunn+ !n furni%es ! means to decide :]e he w pass1 s9ce1 z a rule1 he w sneak (f "u ! d5se/ cov] & try to rea* ano!r ?icket "u %elt] ( bu%es1 rocks & ! l4 ,anyone1 n altoge!r a tyro 9 ! woods1 c easily decide f ! lay ( ! c\ntry :]e to wait = ,8 ,be>%ip4 ,:5 ! place is select$1 "o %\ld be sure t !re is an absolutely cle> op5+ at lea/ a c\ple ( feet wide4 ,a be> is bulky & clumsy-look+ en\gh1 b he is able to pass )\t (f]+ a *ance = a %ot at places :]e ano!r animal c\ld h>dly escape an av]age hunt]'s lead4 ,i am by no means sl[ ) my trigg] f+]1 b be=e ,i le>n$ to appreciate ?is fact ,i 0 *agr9$ on sev]al occasions by hav+ be>s pass me unh>m$ at a less di/ance ?an fifty y>ds1 & t too at places :]e ,i ?\ght ,i c\ld kill a runn+ rabbit if ,i wi%$ to d s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tracks ,,( ,,be>1 ,,runn+ ,if a be> succe$s 9 leav+ a ?icket )\t giv+ opportunity = a %ot1 !re is no ne$ = disappo9tm5t--he w pass ! same spot :5 he happ5s to be 9 ! same ?icket aga91 & ?is is a c]ta9ty if he does n ab&on t "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,?is /atem5t has met ) "s disbelief among a few ( my p]sonal acqua9tances1 & to prove my claims ,i _h to %oot a be> )9 a mon? f a giv5 po9t4 ,i kill$ ,bru91 or r ,old ,eph1 z x 0 a grizzly1 less ?an t5 feet f :]e ,i said ,i w\ld1 & t settl$ ! matt]4 ,a mile & a half f my home !re is su* a ?icket n ov] "o acre 9 ext5t1 & if fre% be> signs are se5 any:]e 9 ! surr\nd+ woods1 :i* cov] sev]al ?\s& acres & conta9 _m l>g] & j z d5se ?ickets1 ,i wait !re1 reasonably sure t ,i w see ,bru9 soon aft] sunrise or at sunset4 ,exp]i5ce has prov$ to me t x is a wa/e ( "t to wat* = be>s :]e signs are mo/ num]\s4 ,!y inv>iably leave _! home ?icket v quietly be=e d>k1 & />t _! noisy fe$+1 *ew+ up logs1 & break+ d[n b]ry bu%es1 n less ?an half a mile f _! abid+ place1 ne> :i* no signs except a few tracks are visible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be> ,,track4 7,,h9d ,,foot2 ,,two-,,?irds ,,natural ,,size7 ,= ! ent]ta9m5t ( a visit+ fri5d ! ?icket 0 driv5 a few times by ! w9d me?od1 :i* work$ spl5didly4 ,an old mule1 :i* 0 %ot ?r\gh ! lungs ) a 4#cj-dj rifle on ! previ\s ev5+1 0 ! only "o t left ! %elt] sl[ly4 ,all ! o!rs1 presumably ! same on e occasion1 appe>$ to be v mu* fright5$1 & ran = ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile aft] !y _h pass$ ! dang] po9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be> ,,/ump4 7,,ants ,,7 ,,*ew$ ,,out ,,sev5 ,,feet ,,above ,,gr\nd7 ,to locate ! abode ( be>s 9 su* ?ickets dur+ ! summ] & e>ly autumn1 x is be/ & simple/ to trail !m by ! signs !y make dur+ _! nocturnal rambles1 su* z ov]turn$ logs1 etc42 & if only a few ( su* signs are f\nd ne> d5se cov]1 fac+ nor? or nor?we/1 ! gr\nd %\ld be c>efully exam9$ = tracks4 ,^! are usually difficult to see1 & if no moi/ places are ne> su* cov]1 ! app>5tly us$ pa?s t lead into x1 b on :i* !re are no signs except an occasional claw m>k1 mu/ s]ve z base = a conclusion1 :i* mu/ be v]ifi$ by wat*+ at a good po9t ne> ! ?icket dur+ ! morn+ or ev5+4 ,! snapp+ ( a twig or ! break+ ( a log on :i* ,bru9 c>elessly /eps (t5 confirms ! conclusions1 ?\gh ! be> may sometimes rema9 invisible to ! hunt] = sev]al consecutive visits4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be> ,,track4 7,,front ,,foot2 ,,ab\t ,,two-,,fif?s ,,natural ,,size7 ,:5 ! ?icket !y pref] is once locat$1 ! re/ is easy4 ,if quick results are desir$1 driv+ or1 p]haps1 call+ w yield results4 ,i once %ot a be> :i* made its appe>ance imm$iately :51 by way ( exp]im5t1 ,i imitat$ ! di/ress cry ( a jack-rabbit4 ,if ! hunt] has pl5ty ( "t to sp5d 9 ! woods x is a good plan to wat* = ! qu>ry4 ,dur+ autumn prop]1 be>s retreat to ! m remote di/ricts & ! fa/nesses ( ! m\nta9s2 "h !y are usually f\nd dur+ ! daytime :]e !y are accu/om$ to fe$4 ,9 places :]e b]ries are pl5tiful1 on ridges & 9 gul*es :]e blue jays & squirrels are /or+ _! w9t] supply ( ma/1 "h w be f\nd ! be>s' favorite autumn haunts4 ,9 ! m\nta9s ( ! ,we/ !re is a b]ry bu% call$ k9ni-k9ic b>b]ry or be>b]ry--,i am n sure :i* is ! correct t]m--t is ?ickly cov]$ ) fruit ab\t ! size ( buffalo b]ries1 & :i* is a favorite food = be>s be=e !y c obta9 ma/2 or1 if ! latt] fails1 ,bru9 seems to reg>d ! se$s ( ! pion z a delicacy2 b z x w\ld app>5tly take up too mu* ( 8 "t to fill himself f ^? t fall to ! gr\nd1 he resorts to easi] me?ods to obta9 !m--he becomes a ?ief & incurs ! enmity ( squirrels & jays4 ,on ridges he robs ! ca*es ( ! jays1 & 9 caons he depletes ! /ores ( ! squirrels1 &1 by no means approv+ ( su* actions1 !y he>tily hate him & cuss at him :5ev] he approa*es1 & 9 ?is way (t5 betray 8 pres5ce to ! hunt] :o has le>n$ to int]pret ! language ( ! wood-folk4 ,x is always well to approa* ) ! utmo/ c>e places :]e !re is a cont9ual *att] ( squirrels & cries ( blue jays are he>d2 & if ! cuss$ "o proves to be "s o!r m>aud]--well1 x may be a be> next "t4 ,:5 /ill-hunt+ dur+ ! autumn ! att5tion paid to ^! small d5iz5s ( ! woods is by no means wa/$1 & yields bett] results ?an cov]+ a great t]ritory1 or wat*+ = h\rs on trails or ne> baits1 :i* latt] are seldom visit$ by be>s dur+ rifle light4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be> ,,log ,until ,i und]took ! sy/ematic /udy ( ! be>'s habits ,i 0 "u ! impression1 f :at ,i _h read1 t a be> track 0 easily recogniz$1 & actually pass$ _m1 reg>d+ !m z c\g> tracks4 ,i h s9ce notic$ t _m hunt]s1 born & re>$ 9 a be> c\ntry1 make ! same mi/ake4 ,( c\rse 9 mud or sn[ a be> track is easily id5tifi$1 b 9 ! va/ness ( m\nta9s & =e/s sn[ & mud are n always pres5t2 9 fact1 !y are ( little s]vice4 ,!re1 ! heel ( ! foot is practically nev] se5 9 ! track dur+ sn[less times1 & z ! %ape ( ! =e "p ( ! foot con=ms ) t ( ! m\nta9 lion1 a mi/ake is easily possible if ! impr9ts ( ! five toes ( ! be> are n all visible4 ,! trail] 9 ^! di/ricts & "u ^! circum/ances is g5]ally lucky if he c disc]n "h & !re ! "p ( a track ( a be>'s foot4 ,a c\ple ( ye>s ago a p>ty ( old de] hunt]s told me ( ! great numb] ( lion tracks !y _h se5 z !y came into camp1 & at my qu]y if !y saw any be> tracks1 !y answ]$1 ,no2 yet ,i _h camp$ !re ov] two mon?s1 knew absolutely t no lion 0 9 ^? p>ts1 t be>s 7 abundant1 & t ! hunt]s c\ld h se5 only _! tracks4 ,s mu* = ! in=mation ( ^? :o h an idea t an animal1 weigh+ f ?ree hundr$ to ov] a ?\s& p\nds1 mu/ necess>ily make a big trail :i* c be readily foll[$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,be> ,,log ,! track]1 if he w b /op & inve/igate closely1 ne$ n make a mi/ake1 ev5 if only ! impr9t ( a s+le toe is pla9ly visible1 z ! long nails ( ! be> almo/ always leave "s m>k 9 front ( ! track4 ,! di/ance :i* ! nails /& away f ! toe impr9ts is ! only means ( di/+ui%+ ! grizzly's track f t ( ! black be>1 except t size dispels any d\bt4 ,! nails ( ! grizzly /& out almo/ /raight1 :ile ^? ( ! black be> are m curvate1 & _! impr9ts mu/ consequ5tly be f\nd clos] to ! track ( ! foot4 ,! lik5ess ( ! be> track to t ( ! human foot has be5 ref]r$ to by _m writ]s4 ,9 reality no lik5ess exi/s1 & ! inexp]i5c$ trail] 9 ! woods has ! already disadvantage\s conditions "u :i* he is work+ multipli$ s long z he is n disillusion$4 ,if a be> :o kn[s no?+ ( ! hunt] is %ot at & sudd5ly :irls ar\nd1 i4 e41 jumps :5 ! trigg] is pull$1 he is hit1 no matt] :e!r !re is ano!r sign or n1 & ! color ( ! blood w indicate to ! hunt] :]e he is /ruck4 ,a %ot ?r\gh ! lungs ) ! mod]n high-p[] rifle w sometimes n prove fatal )9 t5 or twelve h\rs4 ,a miss$ be> is nev] 9 a hurry to get away1 unless he has se5 or sc5t$ ! hunt] previ\s to ! fir+1 & 9 mo/ cases he (f]s a *ance = a second or ?ird %ot4 ,n a few city hunt]s pull out if !y enc\nt] be> signs :]e !y int5d to sp5d _! out+1 say+ !y are n look+ = be>s2 yet ! *ances are _m aga9/ _! see+ "o ev5 if !y 7 anxi\s = an enc\nt]4 ,! tr\ble is n to avoid a be>1 b to f9d him1 z 8 greate/ desire seems to be to keep out ( man's rea*1 & he employs all 8 cunn+ to t end4 ,,! ,,c\g> ,,( all ! pr$atory animals !re is none :i* 9 de/ructiv5ess equals or ev5 approa*es ! m\nta9 lion2 he1 & he only1 is (t5 ! cause ( unsatisfactory hunt+ trips into di/ricts :]e o!r big game by e reason ought to be abundant4 ,a family ( ^! great bea/s w1 :ile ! "y ones are gr[+ up1 deplete a region ( almo/ e o!r game animal4 ,if a c\g> kills a de] dur+ ! morn+ h\rs1 he seems to sp5d ! day ne> x1 z ,i h aga9 & aga9 f\nd fre%ly vacat$ b$s "u ne>by bu%es or rocks4 ,on ^! occasions ,i 0 foll[+ ! drag ! v>m9t _h made ) ! c>cass1 & al?\gh ,i kept a close wat* on ! surr\nd+s1 ! lion rema9$ invisible2 yet ,i "k t he 0 wat*+ me1 = 9 e in/ance ,i f\nd t he visit$ & exam9$ ! cov]$ c>cass dur+ ! foll[+ night4 ,! me?ods usually foll[$ to rid ! hunt+-gr\nd ( its wor/ poa*] are to %oot or trap him4 ,if ! =m] is decid$ ^u1 ! fact t ! lion has an excell5t nose & ke5 vision %\ld n be =gott5 :5 ! place to wat* = him is select$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c\g>4 7,,"o-,,half ,,natural ,,size7 7#a7 ,ord9>y gait4 7#b7 ,sneak+4 7#c7 ,trot4 ,/ill-hunt+ ! c\g> is ab\t ! mo/ ?ankless und]tak+ "o c\ld ent] ^u1 yet !re are occasions :5 a close obs]v] may be able to kill "o )\t extra tr\ble :5 out prim>ily = o!r game4 ,! ma9 requisite is "t & a ?or\gh acqua9tance ) ! c\ntry4 ,! c\g>1 aft] ! "y are gr[n up1 does n rema9 9 a comp>atively small di/rict = any l5g? ( "t1 b usually cov]s a mu* wid] t]ritory ?an ! gray wolf1 al?\gh ! latt] is univ]sally kn[n z a great w&]]4 ,at irregul> int]vals1 say f once 9 a =tnight to once 9 two mon?s1 dep5d+ on ! region1 x returns to ! same di/rict4 ,unlike ! wolf1 ! c\g>1 9 return+ to & hunt+ ov] a di/rict1 does n usually g ov] ! same trail & buttes he has us$ on ! previ\s trip1 b pref]s to explore new gr\nd on ea* occasion unless !re is some?+ unusual to attract him4 ,if 8 tracks1 !re=e1 are se5 q (t5 on a c]ta9 look\t po9t1 ! hunt] %\ld be al]t = ! cause ( attraction1 g5]ally a fall5 tree1 or an ov]hang+ rock protect+ a snug dry b$ b5ea? f ra9 or sn[1 :i* are always situat$ on a w9d-%elt]$ hillside fac+ s\?4 ,:5 su* a place is kn[n1 ! hunt] %\ld scrupul\sly refra9 f go+ ne> x1 to avoid leav+ any sc5t !re2 b he %\ld obs]ve ! ne/ z (t5 z he comes into its vic9ity1 & f a conv5i5t di/ant po9t4 ,if ! ne/ has an occupant1 x is bett] to let a bullet inve/igate be=e ! hunt] does s himself1 = a cat is a cat1 & if its suspicions are ar\s$1 ! devil _c beat x 9 trick9ess--x w vani% unobs]v$ )\t ! hunt] kn[+ h[ x c\ld h done s4 ,i once %ot "o out ( a bun* ( ?ree1 & felt sure ! rema9+ two 7 my meat1 yet n a spot ( yell[ ( !m did ,i see aft]w>d1 al?\gh e nook )9 ?ree hundr$ y>ds ( ! surr\nd+ c\ntry 0 seem+ly op5 to my sc\t+4 ,?is is t$i\s hunt+1 ( c\rse1 & ! numb] ( c\g>s w\ld n be appreciably less5$ by ! me?od2 b "o lion outwitt$ ?us is wor? p]haps1 z a trophy ( skill1 a score kill$ by o!r means2 & besides1 x at lea/ gives ! /ill-hunt] a *ance4 ,c\g>s d n respond readily to be+ call$ 7by imitat+ ! cries ( a jack-rabbit72 at lea/ ,i h lur$ b "o 9 eight or t5 ye>s1 & miss$ x at t4 ,trapp+ !m is z sure z gambl+1 i4 e41 !re is nev] any c]ta9ty t "o w get ! lion1 & z _! exi/5ce is unque/ionably obnoxi\s to sportsm5 & /ockgr[]s alike1 hunt+ !m ) dogs is a comm5dable me?od1 s9ce x insures _! decrease1 & to ! tyro means a trophy4 ,b>ny>d /udy is1 und\bt$ly1 responsible = ! conclusions advanc$ by "s writ]s t ! memb]s ( ! cat family are ! mo/ p]fect track mak]s1 i4 e41 walk]s4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! trail ( a wild cat _c be comp>$1 s f> z p]fection goes1 ) ! trail ( ! wild dog4 ,! c\g>'s tracks seldom regi/]4 ,he ei!r ov]/eps ) ! h9d foot ! track made by ! =efoot :5 9 a hurry1 or he does n /ep q f> en\gh to cov] ! =efoot track :5 leisurely walk+1 & ! individual tracks d n /& s close to ! c5t] l9e ( ! trail z d ^? ( ! wolf4 ,! r\ndness ( ! track1 toge!r ) ! inconspicu\sness ( ! nail m>ks1 ev5 "u ! mo/ favorable track+ conditions1 makes ! c\g> track unmi/akably diff]5t f t ( a wolf4 ,h[ev]1 on h>d gr\nd ! track ( a be> & a lion may be easily tak5 = "o ano!r1 ?\gh ! latt] conta9s b f\r toe-m>ks4 ,b !n e toe-m>k is n (t5 visible on h>d gr\nd4 ,) all pr$atory animals ! rule holds good t ! female track appe>s small] ?an t ( ! male1 ev5 ?\gh ! size ( ! animals be ! rev]se4 ,= example1 a male c\g> measur+ sev5 feet f tip to tip1 w make a bigg] track ?an a n9e-foot-long female4 ,al?\gh ) divid]s & tapel9e "o might h difficulty to asc]ta9 ! diff]5ce1 :i* at be/ w\ld be v small to ! eye1 x is unmi/akable1 & "o well acqua9t$ ) tracks c h>dly make ! error ( mi/ak+ a female track = t ( a male4 ,! latt] always looks m sub/antial4 ,x is ! same ) ! tracks ( males & females ( pr$atory animals z x is ) a bun* ( de]1 or ( a s+le "o = t matt]1 aft] bucks h %$ _! horns4 ,! initiat$ c tell accurately f ! appe>ance ( ! animals :i* are bucks & :i* are does2 yet if que/ion$ h[ he kn[s x1 he c sc>cely answ]4 ,at be/ he w say1 ,because x looks l "o4 ,! reason = my dwell+ on ?is subject is by no means an idle "o4 ,dur+ ! e>ly summ] ! ravages ( v>m9ts (t5 become almo/ unbe>able to /ockm51 & s9ce females1 :i* h to provide = _! (fspr+1 are ! wor/ (f5d]s1 x is well = anyone to be able to di/+ui% _! tracks f ^? ( males1 9 ord] to foll[ !m only1 z !y are ! only ones t w always ) c]ta9ty lead to ! d5 )9 a day's travel4 ,pr$atory animals are1 9 ! writ]'s op9ion1 n monogam\s4 ,:ile a male is (t5 f\nd ) a family1 ! same male may be se5 ! next day ) o!rs ( 8 k9d miles away4 ,i h not$ ?is :ile foll[+ game on horseback4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a male track may lead to sev]al d5s if foll[$ f> en\gh4 ,on sev]al occasions ,i h %ot two or ev5 ?ree males ( a species ne> a d5 )9 a week or s1 ! desire to kill ! female be+ on e occasion responsible = ! long-cont9u$ wat*4 ,9 foll[+ a track ) ! purpose ( hunt+ up a d5 x makes b little diff]5ce :e!r ! trail be fre% or old4 ,a trail two weeks old1 b made aft] a ra91 is (t5 m easily foll[$ ?an a fre%] "o1 & w z well lead to ! d5's vic9ity1 z ! latt] v (t5 c\ld n be foll[$ at all on h>d gr\nd2 & a back-trail (t5 leads m quickly to ! d5 ?an "o lead+ ahead4 ,prevail+ conditions ( wea!r & lay ( c\ntry %\ld gov]n ! track]'s *oice ( :i* trail to foll[4 ,he mu/ "k t he has to foll[ ! back track if x comes f r\gh c\ntry1 = ! d5 is m likely situat$ !re ?an else:]e4 ,a d5 t conta9s "y c\g>s is readily recogniz$ by ! sup]abundance ( c>casses ( game ly+ ar\nd its vic9ity4 ,c]ta9ly unless due reg>d is giv5 to ! ext]m9ation ( pr$atory animals1 x is impossible to br+ a hunt+ pres]ve up to ! highe/ /&>d1 & = ! same reason _! unre/rict$ exi/5ce 9 ! op5 hunt+ gr\nds c only be h>mful4 ,! "t :5 pr$atory animals kept ! numb] ( o!r game 9 a heal?y balance has pass$1 & ! sportsman :o kills half a doz5 de] ought to h to 8 cr$it at lea/ "o memb] ( ! =m] tribe to (fset 8 kill+ ^? ( ! latt]4 ,z few ( ! hunt+ frat]nity atta9 ?is desirable result1 ,i ?9k ^? :o kill z _m or m m>aud]s z !y d useful game animals1 ought to be hail$ z b5efactors to ! sportsm5's frat]nity4 ,sometimes1 ,i am sorry to say1 su* an action is ref]r$ to z unsportsmanlike by ^? :o w\ld soon f9d ! woods empty ( desirable game if o!rs gave no m att5tion to m>aud]s ?an !y d !mselves4 ,,! ,,lynx ,,:at ! c\g> is z an enemy to ! useful big game1 ! bob-cat is to small game & ! "y ( big game4 ,he1 h[ev]1 lacks ! cunn+ ( ! =m]1 be+ easily call$ or trapp$1 & !re=e z a class1 & except+ individual cases few & f> betwe51 w nev] become a m5ace to ei!r ! sportsm5's frat]nity or to /ockgr[]s4 ,:]e hundr$s ( !m infe/ ! c\ntry--z 9 c]ta9 sections ( ! ,bad ,l&s--!y only s]ve to *eck ! increase ( ! millions ( cottontail rabbits1 :i* w\ld o!rwise s rapidly multiply t !y w\ld become a de/ructive pe/ ?r\gh\t ! cultivat$ sections ( ! c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,scale #a foot ,,lynx4 7,,"o-,,half ,,natural ,,size7 7#a7 ,=efoot4 7#b7 ,h9d foot 7small specim52 nail m>ks are g5]ally invisible74 7#c7 ,impr9t ( fox4 7#d7 ,lynx1 ord9>y gait4 7#e & #f7 ,fox1 ord9>y gait4 7#f & #g7 ,comp>ison ( fox & lynx trails 9 sn[4 7#h7 ,lynx1 runn+4 7#i7 ,dome/ic cat4 ,! track]1 trail+ bob-cats l de]1 c (t5 surprise !m at pr[l+1 or jump !m at close range f _! b$s1 :i* are usually f\nd "u deadfalls or ov]hang+ rocks1 etc4 ,until _! suspicions are ar\s$ !y are v fooli% & ! writ] has %ot n a few ) a 4#bb rifle :5 /ill-hunt+ = rabbits4 ,:5 call$1 !y h n s5se en\gh to run away if miss$ by ! fir/ & ev5 second %ot4 ,9 hunt+ !m ) dogs !y give good sport1 & n infrequ5tly get away by ent]+ holes or putt+ ! dogs to %ame 9 "s o!r mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"r ,,front ,,paw ,,( ,,lynx ,illu/ration3 ,,r$ ,,lynx ,at a c>eless glance ! lynx track is b a m9iature ( t ( ! c\g>1 b a close exam9ation reveals ! fact t ! m>ks ( ! individual toes are proportionately mu* m elongat$ ?an 9 ! latt]4 ,! trail1 ?\gh mu* bett] ?an ! m\nta9 lion's trail1 is n z p]fect z t ( ! coyote or fox1 = ei!r ( :i* x might be mi/ak5 9 loose sn[2 x is always m out ( l9e4 ,9 ,c\ntry ,life 9 ,am]ica = ,june1 #aije1 a well-kn[n nature writ] %[s a lynx trail1 z p]fectly z x c be illu/rat$1 z t ( a fox4 ,) su* good /&+ tracks x is inexcusable if ! trail] makes a mi/ake1 & ev5 if "o has _h b little actual exp]i5ce 9 ! woods1 a less p]fect outl9e ( ! trail w be f\nd suffici5t to tell ! wild cat f ! wild dog4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lynx ,,trail ,9 sn[ five in*es or m deep ! lynx makes1 z a rule1 q a drag ) 8 feet1 mu* m s ?an ei!r fox or coyote1 :i* latt] di/urbs ! sn[ only ne> ! individual tracks4 ,on good track+ gr\nd1 or 9 s(t sn[1 ! nail m>ks are sometimes visible1 b nev] prom95t l ^? ( ! fox or coyote4 ,,! ,,dome/ic ,,cat ,,! track & trail ( ! h\se cat--7if x 7 only a h\se cat no?+ w\ld be said ab\t x "h7--is too well kn[n to ne$ description4 ,if x is f\nd any:]e 9 hunt+ gr\nds1 p>ks1 etc41 ! f9d] w conf] a b5efit on lov]s ( nature & its fea!r$ d5iz5s if he1 :]e possible1 w set a trap bait$ ) fi% 7h]r+71 or *eese2 or if !re is a *ance to fill ! v>m9t's anatomy ) pellets f a %otgun or a 4#bb rifle1 or to cut x 9 two ) a big rifle bullet1 he %\ld nev] fail to d s4 ,x may seem a wa/e ( p[d] & lead1 b x is n1 = 9 my op9ion !re is no m h>mful creature a-foot or a-w+ ?an ! dome/ic cat outdoors4 ,x w\ld be impossible to e/imate ! am\nt ( damage !y d by kill+ song/]s :i* nature int5d$ to *eck insect pe/s4 ,z f> z ! sportsman is conc]n$1 a s+le cat w (t5 deprive him ( 8 %oot+ 9 giv5 localities1 =1 if x has once f\nd ! location ( a bevy ( quail1 gr\se or o!r game birds1 x w n /op until ! la/ "o ( ! family is kill$4 ,wild pr$atory animals g5]ally re/rict _! raids to ! h\rs ( ! night2 a dome/ic cat w pr[l & kill at any h\r dur+ ! tw5ty-f\r4 ,"s specim5s attack ev5 de] fawns & o!r game ( l size4 ,a cat %r9ks f no?+ 9 its lu/ = kill+--n ev5 f wat]--& ,i rememb] see+ a big tom-cat rob a pond 9 a city p>k ( its goldfi%4 ,unluckily = ! m>aud] ,i _h a gun ) me4 ,anyone int]e/$ 9 %oot+ %\ld keep a look\t = cat tracks 9 ! woods dur+ ! summ] & autumn1 & d 8 be/ to let !m %[ no m4 ,,! ,,wolf ,,!re is p]haps no o!r animal ab\t :i* m disagreeable ?+s are said & writt5 ?an ! wolf1 yet ! writ]1 ?\gh recogniz+ its bad po9ts1 w\ld dislike to h x become ext9ct4 ,its h[l is insep>ably associat$ ) _m ( my pleasante/ recollections1 & ! butte-fr+$ prairies & rugg$ ,bad ,l&s w\ld h decid$ly less *>m )\t x = "o :o has le>n$ to love t s-call$ ,god-=sak5 c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wolf ,front track ,dog1 =efoot 7,two-?irds natural size7 ,h9d track ,except "u unusually sev]e wea!r conditions1 wolves g5]ally kill only ! weake/ ( range /ock & big game animals1 & ,i d\bt if _! s-call$ depr$ations 9 ?is respect are any?+ b a b5efit to ! survivors1 z weakl+s among any species ( animals are always inimical to ! g5]al heal? & condition ( ! respective v>iety4 ,! wolf 9 ?is reg>d does only :at ! s5sible w>d5 ( a well-conduct$ game pres]ve does2 i4 e41 we$s out undesirable specim5s4 ,9 ,yell[/one ,p>k1 = example1 s9ce ! c\g>s !re are sy/ematically hunt$ ) h\nds1 wolves & coyotes ought to be protect$ to a c]ta9 ext5t or else ! result w und\bt$ly be a g5]al deg5]ation among ! game animals 9 t region4 ,be=e ! w>f>e aga9/ lions 0 />t$1 !re 7 already _m scabby elks 9 t great pres]ve1 & if ! slaught] ( scav5g]s is kept up indiscrim9ately--well1 a reasonable p]son c only await results ) misgiv+s4 ,nature always works out h] c\rse be/ if left alone1 & ,i believe t 9 ! case ( ! ,yell[/one ,p>k ! ,nation 9 ! c\rse ( "t w be will+ to pay t5 times ! am\nt x n[ pays = _! ext]m9ation to h ! v>m9ts alive 9 t great pres]ve4 ,:]e weakl+s are n abundant1 game animals naturally suff] f an abundance ( wolves1 & :]e ! /ock-rais] has en\gh s5se to dispose ( sick or weak /ock himself1 ,old ,gray has no bus9ess4 ,illu/ration3 7#a7 ,wolf 7sl[ trot74 7#b7 ,dog 7trot74 7#c7 ,wolf 7quick trot74 7#d7 ,wolf 7gallop74 7#e7 ,dog walk+ sl[ly2 a motion nev] se5 9 ! wolf trail4 ,9 hunt+ wolves ! quicke/ results are obta9$ 9 call+ by imitat+ ! cries ( a jack-rabbit4 ,wolves evid5tly ?9k "o ( _! tribe has caught a bunny1 &1 z ,wild5bru* fitt+ly says3 ,ea* & ev]yone w\ld eat him4 ,?is trait is %>$ by mo/ o!r m>aud]s4 ,! wolf is a poor runn]1 & is easily run d[n ) ! aid ( an ord9>y horse 9 op5 c\ntry4 ,! sure/ & mo/ effective way ap>t f call+1 is by trapp+1 :i* is ! mo/ ext5sively practic$1 & he :o says t trapp+ is n great sport has surely nev] tri$ to outwit an old wolf4 ,i always measure sport by ! am\nt ( skill requir$4 ,! keep] ( a game pres]ve1 :o is n acqua9t$ ) ! use ( traps & o!r devices design$ to decrease pr$atory animals1 w nev] succe$ 9 %[+ fir/-class results to ! own] or own]s s f> z abundance ( game is conc]n$2 & :at holds good 9 ! case ( ! %oot+-pres]ves holds good also = ! op5 hunt+ gr\nds4 ,! track ( an old full-gr[n wolf1 al?\gh simil> to t ( a dog1 diff]s f ! latt]1 inasmu* z x %[s t ! foot is less fle%y1 ! soles ( ! v>i\s toes appe>+ m %>ply divid$ ?an 9 ! dog's track4 ,! latt] has a comp>atively big foot b also a s(t foot :i*1 be+ pla9ly visible 9 ! ord9>y gait1 becomes mu* m app>5t :]e ! animal adopts a quick] motion4 ,! toes are !n spread out to an ext5t nev] f\nd 9 ! wolf1 except :5 ! latt] is runn+ v fa/1 & consequ5tly ! nail m>ks ( ! two middle toes ( ! dog are ab\t twice z f> ap>t z ^? ( 8 wild relative4 ,a wolf trail %[s ! individual tracks ord9>ily ab\t eighte5 in*es ap>t1 :ile ! dog1 mak+ ! same size or a slightly bigg] track1 /eps at ! same gait less ?an f\rte5 in*es2 & if1 9 trott+1 he %\ld equal ! l5g? ( wolf-/eps1 ! spread ( ! middle toes makes 8 tracks easily recognizable4 ,a good-/epp+ dog /eps ab\t z ne> ! c5t] l9e z ! wolf1 b z 8 /eps are %ort]1 !y appe> m out ( l9e to ! eye4 ,?is is an optical illusion1 b x s]ves ! track]'s purpose4 ,a "y wolf1 say less ?an "o ye> old1 has z s(t a foot z a dog's4 ,h[ev]1 z "y wolves g mo/ly 9 packs1 foll[+ ! trail w g5]ally reveal ! id5tity ( ! animal4 ,usually wolves d n track cont9u\sly1 "o animal inve/igat+ "h & ano!r !re1 :ile ! ma9 trail leads on4 ,dogs1 two or m1 %[ no cle>-cut s+le trail ev5 = s %ort a space z t5 feet1 :ile a numb] ( wolves (t5 travel sev]al hundr$ y>ds ) ! trail %[+ z ?\gh only "o animal _h made x4 ,if "o sees a wolf trail1 & )\t foll[+ x concludes t x 0 made by a s+le specim51 he is liable to make ! same mi/ake ,liv]-eat+ ,johnson made ) a bun* ( horse-/eal+ ,indians4 ,he 0 /opp+ ) a fri5d1 ,eug5e ,irv91 also an old ,indian fight]1 & "o morn+ notic$ ab\t fifty horse-tracks1 ( :i* he conclud$ only ab\t half-a-doz5 7 made by horses m\nt$ by r$sk9s4 ,in/ead ( foll[+ out on ! prairies & decid+ !re f ! comp>ative abs5ce ( du/ 9 ! tracks--a rid] is n mix$ up ) ! h]d he is driv+1 & consequ5tly 9 8 m\nt's tracks less du/ is to be f\nd--he hurri$ back to induce ,irv9 to jo9 him 9 ! pursuit ( ! ,indians4 ,n[ t old sc\t 0 n z eag] = ! horses z ,liv]-eat+1 & n at all = a fight1 b = old fri5d%ip's sake said he w\ld come along if a c\ple m fell[s c\ld be f\nd1 :i*1 by ! way1 he did n believe possible1 = ! c\ntry 0 n settl$ !n z x is n[4 ,b x happ5$ t two m5 did come along j at t mom5t1 & ,johnson soon conv9c$ !m t pr(itable bus9ess 0 ahead if !y jo9$ 9 ! pursuit4 ,s ! f\r w5t1 tak+ a /raight cut t[>d ,horse?ief1 a section ( ! c\ntry s\!a/ ( ! ,big ,sn[y ,m\nta9s1 :]e !y ?\ght ! ,indians w\ld make a halt4 ,ab\t ?ree o'clock t aft]noon !y ov]took ! ,r$s1 b f\nd to _! *agr9 t a doz5 bucks 7 ready to give battle1 :ile /ill f\r or five 7 left to att5d to ! /ol5 horses1 & z nei!r ,johnson nor any ( 8 companions 7 burn+ = a fight1 9 :i* !re 0 no promise ( gett+ any?+ b bullet holes1 ,johnson decid$ t he w\ld r g home )\t ! horses4 ,9 ! ,bull ,m\nta9s a hunt] foll[$ a wolf trail into a rav9e f :i* !re 0 no escape = ! v>m9t except pa/ him1 & he 0 promptly attack$ by a half-doz5 wolves4 ,he kill$ f\r aft] a h>d fight1 b he 0 pretty well *ew$ up at ! f9i%4 ,( c\rse he _h expect$ to f9d only "o 9 ! gul*4 ,z a rule ! wolf is n anxi\s to fight1 al?\gh n s c[>dly z mo/ o!r animals--! c\g> = example--yet ,i h se5 a s+le specim5 foll[ a hunt]1 a boy ( twelve ye>s1 b ! be/ rifle %ot ,i ev] met1 ab\t two miles4 ,i 0 ) him1 & wait$ = t wolf until he 0 )9 tw5ty y>ds1 :5 ,i all[$ ! boy to fire4 ,8 n]ves 7 evid5tly too mu* %ak51 = he miss$ 8 fir/ wolf--nev]!less he got 8 pelt4 ,! locat+ ( d5s1 z expla9$ 9 ! discussion ( ! c\g>1 is also applicable to wolves4 ,,! ,,coyote ,,:at has be5 said 9 reg>d to ! wolf & dog track1 is applicable also to ! track & trail ( ! prairie wolf1 b z ! latt] is small !re always exi/s ! possibility t its track w be mi/ak5 = t ( ! fox4 ,:]e ! locality gives no clue to ! id5tity ( ! mak] ( ! trail1 ! track] has no di/+ui%+ feature :atev] f :i* to =m 8 judgm5t1 s9ce a big r$ fox makes z big a track z a small coyote4 ,! writ]1 aft] hunt+ foxes = _m ye>s1 foll[$ :at he took = fox trails q frequ5tly 9 a c]ta9 section ( ! c\ntry1 until he discov]$ t !re 0 no fox )9 a c\ple ( hundr$ miles ( ! place4 ,a big coyote1 ( c\rse1 makes a l>g] track ?an a fox1 b "h all diff]5ce /ops4 ,= comp>ison's sake ! track & trail ( ! av]age coyote & ( ! av]age fox are %[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,coyote4 7,,two-,,?irds ,,natural ,,size7 7#a7 ,ord9>y trot4 7#b7 ,fa/ trot4 ,! hunt+ me?ods are ! same z = ! gray wolf4 ,:]e ! latt]1 h[ev]1 is look+ = ! liv+1 ! coyote is wat*+ = ! dead1 & he r des]ves to be call$ ! hy5a ( ! ,we/]n ,hemisph]e ?an prairie wolf1 = 8 ma9 diet is c>rion4 ,8 addiction to c>rion c be made ( use to ! hunt]1 9 locat+ big game :i* has be5 un=tunately %ot to ! woods1 & ( :i* he desires to secure at lea/ ! antl]$ or horn$ head4 ,9 locat+ miss+ p]sons1 :o are suppos$ to h met ) a fatal accid5t or worse1 ! trail ( ! coyote c\ld be employ$ to advantage--& und\bt$ly w be1 if x is once a matt] ( g5]al k t ! prairie wolf w always visit ! imm$iate vic9ity ( ! rema9s ( a hidd5 or buri$ human body1 & s\nd its dismal h[l ov] !m e "t x happ5s to pass ?r\gh t "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,,! ,,fox ,,!re is v little to add to :at has be5 said ab\t ! fox track 9 ! *apt] on ! coyote4 ,:5 gallop+1 ! fox's trail %[s _m v>iations n f\nd 9 t ( any o!r animal1 b z ! s9ful fell[ g5]ally leaps only :5 he und]takes a *ase1 or is *as$ himself1 ! features 9 ! runn+ trail are practically ( little or no consequ5ce to ! track]4 ,x is h>dly possible to conf\nd a fox trail ) t ( a v small dog--only 9 t ! latt] has a foot z small z ! av]age fox--on acc\nt ( ! gl>+ dissimil>ity 9 ! l5g? ( ! individual /eps1 :i* is mu* m app>5t ?an betwe5 ! wolf & big dog4 ,! writ]1 at ! t5d] age ( sev51 mi/ook once a v small dog's trail = t ( a fox1 b aft] 8 fa!r po9t$ out ! above feature1 he nev] aft]w>ds made su* a mi/ake4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fox4 7,,two-,,?irds ,,natural ,,size7 ,front & h9d track4 7#a7 ,ord9>y gait2 ! %ad$ "p %[s drag ( bru%4 7#b7 ,runn+4 ,:5 no individual track is visible1 z is ! case 9 dry sn[1 ! blurry m>k ( ! fox bru% :i* is frequ5tly se5 at int]vals 9 ! trail settles any exi/+ d\bt4 ,"s foxes1 z well z wolves & coyotes1 drag _! feet to ! same ext5t z does a dog t walks badly1 & because ( ?is ! track] may disreg>d z immat]ial ! prom95ce or abs5ce ( ! drag made by ! to5ails4 ,hunt+ foxes ) h\nds is und\bt$ly ! mo/ popul> me?od4 ,call+ him l ! wolf & coyote yields good results = ! /ill-hunt]1 b ( all me?ods ,i pref] to %oot !m dur+ ! rutt+ season1 :i* occurs 9 ,janu>y4 ,! rutt+ season ( coyotes is dur+ ,febru>y1 & t ( wolves f ,janu>y #a/ until ,april1 approximately speak+4 ,i h se5 wolves run z e>ly z ,decemb] #bh?1 & h kill$ pups ab\t two weeks old aft] ! middle ( ,june4 ,x is on sn[y1 blu/]+ days t1 9 ! dep? ( ! woods1 ! fox is hold+ high c>nival1 & 8 & h] tracks run 9 all directions4 ,wat*+ :]e ! trails are mo/ num]\s soon furni%es "w = ! gun & trophies = ! hunt]1 = on su* occasions ! fox seems to h lo/ ! s5ses ( sight & smell :i* at o!r times are s well develop$4 ,x is a s+ul> fact t !y always run ! mo/ dur+ ! wor/ wea!r4 ,9 driv+ x is impossible to tell :]e a wolf or coyote w leave a c]ta9 ?icket1 beyond t x w n leave x :]e x ent]$2 b a fox is always ! sure victim ( ! hunt] if he kn[s ! fox pa?1 = l ! be> or old bo>1 he & e "o ( 8 tribe w always leave a ?icket at ! same po9t4 ,9 call+1 an old fox1 l a wolf1 comes /eal?ily1 :ile a "y "o1 l a coyote1 w g5]ally be 9 a hurry to get !re4 ,,:at ,,track+ ,,means1 ,,& ,,"s ,,hunt+ ,,me?ods ,,by ! t]m track+ we usually und]/& ! foll[+ ( a trail1 b if a hunt] attempts to get a %ot at 8 qu>ry solely by ?is means he has to dep5d on good luck or physical endurance4 ,! c\g> is1 9 my op9ion1 ! mo/ p]fect track] & mo/ successful /ill-hunt]2 he tracks1 b he does n foll[ ! trail l a pack ( wolves or dogs2 he uses x only z a guide1 foll[+ x = an occasional fifty or "o hundr$ y>ds1 :i* is to my m9d ! prop] me?od = ! human hunt]4 ,track+ also means ! asc]ta9+ ( ! pref]r$ /& ( c]ta9 animals4 ,if1 = example1 ! rutt+ place ( ! bigge/ elk 9 a di/rict is locat$ by comp>ison ( v>i\s tracks1 & ! bull is %ot lat] by wait+ =1 or /alk+ him at 8 favorite place1 he und\bt$ly falls a victim to track+4 ,aga91 a track ( a big bull moose is se51 & ?\gh x is too old to w>rant expectations ( f9d+ ! animal /ill 9 ! locality1 x is foll[$ & det]m9es :]e ! bull made 8 re/+-place4 ,:51 weeks lat]1 p]haps1 ! fre% trail ( ! same bull is se5 & aga9 ! previ\sly pref]r$ hillside1 or ano!r specific "p ( ! woods is hunt$ ov] c>efully )\t att5tion to ! trail1 b ) all consid]ation = w9d-direction & lay ( c\ntry1 & a fair %ot is obta9$1 c x be d\bt$ t track+ 0 responsible = ! d[nfall ( ?is mon>* ( ! woods8 ,if s1 let ! d\bt] once foll[ a moose track /raight & try to get an easy %ot3 he w probably *ange 8 m9d4 ,! locat+ ( game1 sometimes weeks 9 advance ( ! "t :5 ! %oot+ is to be done1 is n by any means ! lea/ feature 9 ! art ( track+4 ,to r$uce1 if possible1 ! annual slaught] ( m5 by c>eless hunt]s1 x may n be amiss to discuss c]ta9 hunt+ me?ods :i* h giv5 me ! mo/ satisfaction1 & :i* obviate ! possibility ( be+ fir$ at by mi/ake4 ,/alk+ along 9 gr[n-up timb] & o!r op5 places1 ! sportsman w run across ! trails ( all ! animals :i* h mov$ 9 ! di/rict he cov]s1 &1 hav+ decid$ :i* trail he wi%es to foll[1 he keeps on 9 ! direction x leads4 ,if x ent]s a ?icket1 a circuit\s r\te--"u w9d--w lead him to :]e ! animal has pass$ out1 or %[ him t x is fa/1 i4 e41 9 ! ?icket4 ,if ! =m]1 he1 ( c\rse1 has to pursue ! same tactics until ! game is locat$4 ,! re/ is g5]ally easy en\gh1 & t )\t ent]+ any ?icket1 :]e1 z we all "k1 x usually happ5s t hunt]s are mi/ak5 = de]4 ,_m hunt]s 9 relat+ _! exp]i5ces tell u h[ c>eful !y 7 to hunt aga9/ ! w9d1 to approa* _! game4 ,:ile x is well en\gh to h ! w9d aga9/ "o if ! game is 9 sight or driv5 t[>d "o1 ,i consid] x m judici\s to make ! w9d s]ve me4 ,hav+ locat$ an animal 9 a ?icket1 ,i select a /ump or "s o!r elevation to w9dw>d :i* all[s ! wide/ possible view1 & simply wait long en\gh to all[ ! w9d to in=m my qu>ry ( my pres5ce4 ,x w n require long = ! game to take ! h9t & get up--(t5 af=d+ a %ot by ?is means alone--to leave ! premises4 ,v few are ! in/ances t an old buck goes /raight away & gives me no *ance to see him1 because 9 t case he w\ld h to cross my trail1 & to d t ! w9d1 or r my sc5t1 does n fright5 him en\gh2 & if he goes out at ! side :i* is unta9t$ by any sc5t ( man1 he is usually my meat--if he is up to my /&>d4 ,if ! ?icket is too big1 ! smoke ( a pipe w (t5 d wond]s4 ,! bigge/ buck ,i ev] %ot1 became my victim ?r\gh ! assi/ance ( a smudge--! ?icket 9 t in/ance be+ ab\t t5 acres 9 ext5t4 ,! diagram 7p4 #acj7 w illu/rate ! me?od bett] ?an words c\ld4 ,i h us$ x ) success on _m animals1 & ev5 on a w\nd$ be>4 ,dur+ sn[less times no "o c "k ) c]ta9ty if a de] is 9 a c]ta9 ?icket1 & ! me?od has to be employ$ at r&om :]e !re are en\gh signs to make x likely t a buck is ne>4 ,9 hunt+ aga9/ ! w9d 9 op5 =e/s m game is pass$ ?an _m hunt]s w\ld suppose4 ,! animals see ! man1 note t he w pass !m1 & hide by gett+ z ne> to ! gr\nd z possible4 ,if !y sc5t him aft] he has pass$1 !y evid5tly realize t ! dang] is ov]1 ?\gh "s1 mo/ly ! y\ng]1 inexp]i5c$ animals1 !n sneak (f4 ,:]e game is v wild x is (t5 9 su* localities z ,i h m5tion$ only possible to approa* !m ) ! w9d by outdi/anc+ ! latt]1 because a big game animal at re/ dep5ds on its nose to save x f dang] 9 ! direction f :i* ! w9d comes1 & on its eyes to wat* ! side f :i* x c get no o!r w>n+4 ,desirable game is (t5 locat$ on slopes1 & c be %ot f an opposite slope if only x c be made to move ar\nd sl[ly1 ! latt] be+ important1 z %ots 9 su* cases h usually to be fir$ at long di/ance1 & ! ability to hit runn+ game at ?ree hundr$ or f\r hundr$ y>ds is n possess$ by ev]ybody4 ,an imitation ( ! lam5t+ cry ( a jack-rabbit s]ves me be/ 9 su* cases1 ?\gh x has (t5 sav$ ! game ,i 0 aft]1 because x has attract$ a wolf1 or a cat2 & ,i w\ld r kill "o v>m9t ?an half a doz5 bucks1 :i* la/ c at be/ elude a man :o kn[s h[ to track = b a limit$ l5g? ( "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hunt+ ,,) ,,! ,,w9d ,! /& is at #b if ! hunt] is alone1 & uses only 8 sc5t or pipe smoke to drive ! de] out ( ! ?icket4 ,if a smudge is us$ = ?is purpose1 z is necess>y 9 big ?ickets1 ! /& is at #a1 & if ! hunt] has a companion1 "o /&s at #a1 & ! o!r at #b4 ,a smudge %\ld be made di/ant en\gh f ! ?icket--ab\t at #c--to give ! hunt] "t to g ar\nd1 & take 8 /& at #a4 ,! sket* ( leaps ( w\nd$ animals apply to all ( our ho($ game except bighorn %eep4 ,9 any case1 :]e "o ( !m has be5 fir$ at1 ! trail %\ld be foll[$ = at lea/ two hundr$ y>ds1 z (t5 an animal t goes away ) ! b\nds ( an app>5tly s\nd creature1 w ann\nce its di/ress ?r\gh ! plac+ ( its feet1 a sure indication to ! track] t he w be able to get 8 victim at ! trail's end4 ,,"p ,,"o ,,gr\p ,,ii ,,! ,,jack-,,rabbit ,! jack-rabbit is g5]ally a resid5t ( op5 c\ntry1 ?\gh he may be f\nd also 9 woodl&s2 &1 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 :5 deep sn[ cov]s ! l[l&s1 he retires to ! fa/nesses ( ! m\nta9s1 :]e1 up to altitudes ( eight ?\s& feet1 he frequ5ts ! range ( ,bighorn4 ,he is unque/ionably ! delight ( ! hunt] :o desires to acquire effici5cy 9 hitt+ mov+ objects ) a rifle bullet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jack-,,rabbit ,8 tracks1 be+ ! bigge/ ( ! rabbit tribe1 _c v well be mi/ak5 = ^? ( any o!r animal4 ,on s&y or muddy places (t5 only ! impr9t ( ! front "p ( ! h9d foot is se52 & on h>d roads1 pl[ furr[s1 etc41 usually ! m>k ( ! to5ails alone is visible4 ,:5 ! animal is fe$+ or mov+ along sl[ly1 ! :ole impr9ts ( ! h9d feet are left1 :ile ) increas+ spe$ only ! front p>ts ( !m t\* ! gr\nd4 ,! =efeet r>ely pair1 & nev] if a jack-rabbit is runn+4 ,if ! long-e>$ fell[ decides 9 ! morn+ t x is "t to retire = ! day1 he usually runs along a road1 cattle-runway1 or ! l1 returns 9 8 own trail1 & by a long side leap makes ! trail seem to end4 ,:]e he l&s1 ! f\r footm>ks are usually s close toge!r t !y c be almo/ cov]$ ) ! h&4 ,he may leap directly into 8 =m1 or he may repeat ! same maneuv] sev]al times2 b "o ?+ is c]ta91 a jack :i* acts 9 ?is mann] is nev] f> f home4 ,if pursu$ dur+ ! daytime1 he employs ! same tactics aga9 & aga9 to ?r[ ! pursu] (f ! trail4 ,at fe$+ places slight =ms are (t5 obs]v$1 & to foll[ ! trail lead+ f !m means1 z a rule1 a tir+ walk1 z ^? =ms indicate t ! jack has sp5t ! aft]-supp] h\rs !re4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jack ,,rabbit 7#a7 ,morn+ trail 7easy lope74 7#b7 ,mov+ sl[ly4 7#c7 ,spe$+4 7,a7 ,side-jump4 7,b7 ,day =m4 7,e7 ,night =ms4 7,b to ,d7,morn+ trail & night trail 7fe$+74 ,i h hunt$ ) m5 :o blam$ _! dogs if !y fail$ to cat* a rabbit ) a brok5 =eleg4 ,!y evid5tly did n consid] t a brok5 =eleg is ( v little consequ5ce to ! runn+ effici5cy ( t k9d ( animal4 ,"o ) an injur$ h9d leg1 h[ev]1 c be run d[n easily4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jack ,,rabbit4 7,,two-,,?irds ,,natural ,,size7 7,a7 ,front foot4 7,b7 ,h9d foot4 ,,! ,,v>y+ ,,h>e ,,! ,v>y+ ,h>e1 ?\gh sc>cely half ! size ( ! jack-rabbit1 makes almo/ z l>ge a track1 & :5 he spreads 8 feet 9 pass+ ov] froz5 sn[ 8 tracks are fully z l>ge4 ,! entire track picture1 h[ev]1 diff]s mat]ially f t ( ! jack--! individual tracks /& mu* clos] toge!r1 & ! feet are usually pair$4 ,! h>e makes _m diff]5t track pictures1 b he _c long refra9 f mak+ ! jump--%[n slightly r$uc$ 9 ! illu/ration--& a foll[+ ( ! trail = a %ort di/ance w always dispel any exi/+ d\bt1 ev5 if ! individual tracks are l>g] ?an ^? ( a "y jack-rabbit4 ,!re is a mu* great] likelihood ( mi/ak+ ! v>y+ h>e's trail = t ( ! cottontail rabbit1 ) :i* x has _m po9ts ( resemblance4 ,only ! sl5d]ness ( ! rabbit's foot s]ves z a di/+ui%+ feature 9 ! trail s long z !y are bo? unal>m$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !y are put on ! quick jump1 ! simil>ity ( ! two trails disappe>s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,v>y+ ,,h>e ,illu/ration3 ,,v>y+ ,,h>e4 7,,slightly ,,r$uc$7 ,illu/ration3 7#a7 ,at leisure 7"o to ?ree feet74 7#b7 ,/eady lope 7?ree to five feet72 ! front tracks bl5d into "o m>k4 7#c7 ,on ! quick jump 7five to twelve feet74 ,v>y+ ,h>e track :5 ! sn[ is deep] ?an a c\ple ( in*es4 ,,v>y+ ,,h>e ,,tracks ,,! ,,cottontail ,,rabbit ,,z c be easily se5 f a comp>ison ( ! life-size track picture ( ! v>y+ h>e & cottontail--drawn f tracks made "u ! same track+ conditions1 i4 e41 on gr\nd cov]$ by ab\t two in*es ( sn[1 & :ile ! animals 7 runn+ at approximately ! same spe$--! tracks ( ! cottontail1 besides be+ mu* m sl5d] ?an ^? ( ! h>e1 are also m p5cil-%ap$ at ! po9t ( ! toes4 ,! toes are b fa9tly indicat$1 & ! to5ails practically indisc]nible1 :ile 9 ! case ( ! h>e bo? are pla9ly visible2 9 fact1 ! impr9t ( ! to5ails is a prom95t feature 9 ! track ( ! h>e4 ,9 e case :]e any d\bt exi/s 9 reg>d to ! tracks ( ! two small v>ieties1 ?is alone is suffici5t to settle x2 z ! toe m>ks are m prom95t 9 ! front track1 its appe>ance alone is suffici5t = ! trail] to =m a correct conclusion4 ,except :5 jump+ ) ! h9d feet into ! front tracks two individual tracks ( ! cottontail nev] bl5d into "o m>k on acc\nt ( ! sl5d]ness ( ! feet4 ,! jump picture ( bo? ! small rabbits 9 dry sn[ sometimes appe>s v mu* l t ( ! m>t52 b by foll[+ ! trail = a %ort di/ance "o w always dispel any d\bt4 ,illu/ration3 ,cottontail ,rabbit ,tracks--7#a7 ,at leisure4 7#b7 ,9 a hurry4 ,9 illu/rat$ articles ! writ] has se5 draw+s & photographs ( tracks & trails claim$ to h be5 made by ! ,new ,engl& cottontail :i* look$ exactly l ^? made by ! v>y+ h>e4 ,if !re 0 no mi/ake 9 id5tification1 ! ,we/]n cottontail1 :i* ! illu/rations repres5t1 evid5tly makes tracks entirely diff]5t f ^? ( ! ,ea/]n v>iety4 ,!re is e reason to believe1 h[ev]1 t ! track ( ! same type ( rabbit is ! same 9 e "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cotton ,,tail ,,rabbit ,:ile ! pursuit ( big game is excit+ sport at times1 hunt+ rabbits is always att5d$ ) s\l-satisfy+ fun4 ,a fam\s occupant ( ! ,:ite ,h\se f\nd recreation & pleasure 9 x1 & ,i believe t few hunt]s :o ev] ent]$ into ! true _s ( ! sport h fail$ to obta9 a great deal ( pleasure & heal?ful ex]cise4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cottontail ,,rabbit ,! dott$ l9e %[s ! real l5g? ( foot4 ,,! ,,squirrel ,,! squirrel practically always pairs its feet :5 on ! gr\nd4 ,l ! o!r memb]s ( ,gr\p ,,ii its h9d feet are mu* l>g] ?an ! =efeet1 &1 z 9 ! track-picture1 are always plant$ ahead ( ! latt]4 ,! h9d feet po9t outw>d1 s t ev5 by imp]fect impr9ts1 x may readily be se5 9 :i* direction ! trail leads4 ,z !re is no o!r track kn[n to ! writ] :i* c\ld be confus$ ) ! squirrel's1 x is n necess>y to describe x2 ! illu/ration s]ves e purpose4 ,:]e ! rema9s ( ! fea/ ( a v>m9t are left 9 ! woods--meat1 entrails1 or bones--squirrel tracks are f\nd 9 great numb]s1 & ! tyro is liable to take !m = ^? ( o!r animals4 ,ord9>ily a c>eful look is suffici5t to disillusion him1 bo? z to ! id5tity ( ! tracks & ! diet ( ! squirrel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,squirrel4 7,,ab\t ,,two-,,?irds ,,natural ,,size7 ,besides tracks1 ! squirrel leaves o!r signs :i* betray its pres5ce 9 ! woods--heaps ( cone *ips ne> /umps & o!r elevations1 or /rewn "u trees "o may f9d twigs f :i* buds h be5 eat54 ,sometimes ! cries ( birds ^: ne/s ! squirrel may be robb+ ( eggs or "y1 w betray 8 pres5ce4 ,x is an ent]ta9+ pa/ime to hunt squirrels ) a small-calib] rifle4 ,! writ] consid]s ! squirrel "o ( ! mo/ injuri\s creatures ( our woods1 & believes t 9 hunt+ him x is bett] to use "s o!r weapon ?an ! noisy %otgun4 ,,"p ,,"o ,,gr\p ,,iii ,,! ,,m>t5 ,,& ,,! ,,black-,,foot$ ,,f]ret ,,?\gh _! habitat is entirely diff]5t1 ^! two animals make v simil> tracks & trails1 s !y are prop]ly treat$ ( 9 ! same division4 ,:ile ! m>t5 is a resid5t ( ! woods1 ! black-foot$ f]ret nev] leaves ! op5 prairie1 :]e x lives 9 ab&on$ prairie-dog holes1 usually leav+ its hole e second night1 unless x happ5s to kill a rabbit4 ,x is ! mo/ rel5tless enemy ( ! rabbit1 & lives almo/ exclusively on its fle%4 ,! track ( ! black-foot$ f]ret is ab\t ! size ( a small m>t5's1 b 9 s(t sn[ ! soles ( ! toes %[ m prom95tly ?an ^? ( ! latt]1 ^: /rongly hair$ feet usually cause ! sole m>ks to appe> r indi/9ct4 ,sometimes ! trail ( ! m>t5 looks l t ( ! cottontail1 b if foll[$ = a %ort di/ance x always assumes aga9 ! =m ( a p>allel trapeze1 ! evid5ce ( ! usual m>t5 motion to :i* ! f]ret adh]es at all times except 9 ! pursuit ( prey4 ,illu/ration3 ,m>t5 track 7"o-?ird natural size71 %[+ ! f\r foot m>ks 7n ! usual jump1 see trails74 ,! black-foot$ f]ret makes a slightly small] track & %[s n q s mu* hair4 ,!re is no reason = mi/ak+ "o = ! o!r1 because1 z a=esaid1 !y d n inhabit ! same locality2 b if "o does n "k ( ! exi/5ce ( ! wild f]ret1 !n1 ( c\rse1 "o might track a suppos$ m>t5 on ! prairie--z did ! writ] :5 he fir/ came ,we/--:]e t animal nev] has be5 f\nd4 ,illu/ration37#a7 ,m>t5 tracks4 ,! l[] "p ( ! left-h& draw+ %[s ! usual m>t5 motion1 namely1 ! jump4 ,! upp] "p ( ! same draw+ %[s ! walk1 :i* is always only = a %ort di/ance4 7#b7 ,! black-foot$ f]ret always pairs its feet & nev] walks4 7#c7 ,runn+4 ,track+ m>t5 & %oot+ !m is z successful a me?od z trapp+ !m4 ,if f]rets are track$ & _! sk9 is want$ :ole1 a trap n small] ?an a ,no4 #d %\ld be set at ! entrance ( ! hole1 z ! pretty v>m9t mutilates himself if trapp$ & n soon kill$4 ,if a f]ret runs a rabbit into a hole he may n leave x = two or ?ree weeks1 o!rwise1 z /at$1 ! f]ret usually travels =? e second night4 ,,! ,,ott] ,,x c be se5 f ! accompany+ illu/ration ( front & h9d tracks t ! footm>ks ( ! ott] are r unusually r\nd2 & on h>d gr\nd1 :i* all[s b a slight impression1 ! almo/ circul> /&+ impr9ts ( toes & heel %[ pla9ly4 ,if ! individual tracks are invisible 9 dry sn[1 ! =m ( ! trail1 toge!r ) ! drag made at int]vals by ! long tail ( ! ott]1 obviates any d\bt z to :at animal has made ! trail4 ,! ott] has a habit ( leav+ ! /reams along :i* he lives1 or :i* he visits1 at regul> places1 & makes :at are call$ slides ne> :i* p>ts ( fi% are frequ5tly scatt]$4 ,excrem5ts conta9+ fi% bones f\nd on b\ld]s & promontories 9 ! riv]s are unmi/akable ott] signs t betray 8 pres5ce1 ev5 if no tracks or slides are se5 along ! banks ( ! /ream4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ott]4 7,,slightly ,,less ,,?an ,,half ,,natural ,,size7 7,a7 ,"r =efoot track4 7,b7 ,"r h9d-foot track4 7#a7 ,jump+4 7#b7 ,walk+4 7#c7 ,runn+4 ,! %ad$ l9e %[s ! drag ( ! tail4 ,! ott] is p]haps ! greate/ w&]] among ! mammals1 & may1 !re=e1 frequ5tly be f\nd :]e he 0 suppos$ to be ext9ct2 ?\gh if he visits a tr\t-/ream or pond he usually makes 8 /ay long en\gh to deplete x to a great] ext5t ?an a ho/ ( fi%]m5 w\ld4 ,:]e ott] signs are se5 along small /reams or at favorable places along riv]s1 wait+ = !m ) a %otgun dur+ ev5+s & moonlight nights usually yields satisfactory results4 ,if "o is %ot1 & !re is no dang] ( ! curr5t tak+ x away1 x is well to keep quiet = a "t1 z !y (t5 fi% 9 pairs1 & ! second frequ5tly gives z good a *ance = a %ot z ! fir/4 ,! :i/l+ call ( ! ott] c easily be imitat$1 & at big riv]s on a cle> night call+ !m is good sport4 ,h[ev]1 ! sportsman mu/ be pati5t1 z ! ott] w answ] imm$iately1 b w take 8 own "t 9 com+4 ,on small /reams x is well to po/ oneself z ne> z possible to ! wat]1 z o!rwise ! ott] w pass unse5 9 ! %ad[ ( ! bank4 ,sometimes ! ott] travels = miles on l&1 & if daylight surprises him !re he w hunt %elt] = ! day 9 any conv5i5t hole4 ,a trap set 9 x1 & ! entrance clos$ ) a b\ld] is usually ! easie/ way to get 8 sk94 ,z ! animal is especially de/ructive 9 tr\t /reams ! sportsman gunn] w always d a great favor to ! disciple ( ! rod :5 he closes ! c>e] ( "o ( ^! f\r-foot$ poa*]s4 ,,! ,,m9k ,,! m9k track pres5ts "s simil>ity to ^? ( ! m>t5 & ! black-foot$ f]ret1 b x is mu* small] ?an t ( ! m>t51 & ! toe-m>ks are ev5 m prom95t ?an ^? ( ! f]ret1 = :i* x might be mi/ak5 at times if x 7 n t ! =m ( ! trails is diff]5t4 ,! m9k nev] travels = long di/ances )\t %[+ at lea/ ?ree tracks pla9ly 9 ! jump-picture1 :ile ! f]ret practically nev] does ?is4 ,! track ( ! f]ret is f\nd ne> ice-b\nd /reams only :5 x crosses !m to rea* o!r hunt+-gr\nds1 :ile ! m9k1 be+ almo/ z skilful at cat*+ fi% z ! ott]1 g5]ally travels along a /ream's c\rse4 ,9 de/ructiv5ess to small game ! m9k is p]haps only equal$ by ! dome/ic cat1 :i*1 9 remote di/ricts1 he resembles 9 ! habit ( hunt+ at all h\rs ( ! day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m9k4 7,,less ,,?an ,,"o-,,half ,,natural ,,size7 7,a7 ,left front-track4 7,b7 ,h9d-tracks 7a *>act]i/ic track picture74 7#a7 ,ord9>y jump4 7#b7 ,easy runn+4 7#c7 ,runn+4 ,trapp+ is practically ! only pay+ me?od ( hunt+ him4 ,:5 he goes up/ream he leaves ! wat] bel[ rapids & travels along its edge usually until he aga9 rea*es quiet wat]4 ,if a trap is plac$ 9 ! int]v5+ space--! trail ( ! animal w %[ ! trapp] ! be/ po9t--e m9k 9 t vic9ity may be caught )\t ! tr\ble ( bait+ traps1 :i* is a r unc]ta9 me?od :]e game & fi% are pl5tiful4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m9k ,,! ,,erm9e ,,all lov]s ( our fea!r$ song-birds kill ! weasel at e opportunity1 believ+ x to be "o ( ! deadlie/ enemies to bird-life2 & if sportsm5 be> 9 m9d t e "t x gets a *ance ! little m>aud] fa/5s its tee? 9 ! neck ( a gr\se or a rabbit1 !y w und\bt$ly %[ x no m]cy4 ,consid]+1 h[ev]1 ! numb] ( injuri\s rod5ts x kills1 x is d\btful if ?is little m>t5 is1 on ! :ole1 m de/ructive ?an useful4 ,c]ta9ly x does no m h>m ?an ! absolutely useless squirrel4 ,i leave x to o!rs to argue :e!r x %\ld be kill$ or sp>$4 ,i d n sp>e x 9 ruff$ gr\se cov] & ne> home1 :]e ,i wi% to give ! birds absolute protection4 ,its tracks & trail1 ) ! exception ( ! walk1 :i* ! weasel does n use :]e x c\ld be track$1 are exact m9iatures ( ^? ( its l>ge relative1 ! m>t51 & are1 judg+ f p]sonal obs]vations1 frequ5tly mi/ak5 = ^? ( o!r animals ev5 by sportsm5 ( long /&+4 ,"o w mi/ake its trail = t ( ! de]1 ano!r = t ( a coyote1 fox or lynx1 & /ill ano!r1 "u favorable track+ conditions1 w conf\nd its track ) t ( ! m9k or f]ret4 ,9 loose sn[1 :5 its trail is likely to be mi/ak5 = t ( any ( ^? m5tion$1 x %\ld be consid]$ t ! jumps ( ! erm9e con/antly v>y 9 l5g?1 :ile ! individual tracks made by ! o!r nam$ animals usually /& a regul> di/ance ap>t4 ,if ! track] foll[s an erm9e's tracks :i* he takes to be ^? ( a m9k1 he %\ld soon discov] t ! animal has ent]$ e hole & crevice along ! trail1 & t1 judg+ by ! numb] ( tracks ar\nd !m1 x f\nd rock piles1 logs1 bru% heaps1 etc41 v int]e/+ & attractive4 ,n[1 m>t5 or m9k inve/igate ^! ?+s simply by pass+ ov] or ?r\gh !m--if !y d n /op inside--b !y nev] make regul> pa?s ar\nd !m z ! erm9e does4 ,besides ?is1 ! erm9e makes a track h>dly "o-?ird z l>ge z t ( a small m>t54 ,illu/ration3 ,,erm9e ,,tracks4 7,,h9d ,,feet1 ,,life ,,size7 7#a7 ,ord9>y jump4 7#b7 ,runn+4 ,i h aga9 & aga9 po9t$ out ! above features to m5 ) :om ,i h hunt$1 yet1 presumably on acc\nt ( n be+ ?r[n on _! own res\rces at ! "t1 !y seem+ly paid little att5tion to !m1 = ,i obs]v$ t !y repeat$ _! mi/akes j z soon z opportunity (f]$4 ,! secret ( successful trail+ c be acquir$ only by ! c>eful & obs]vant4 ,! features ( a track or trail1 once !y are ?or\ghly impress$ on ! m9d1 w always be rememb]$2 & he :o is too c>eless to take note ( !m1 ev5 :5 !y are po9t$ out1 has only himself to blame if he sp5ds "t--h\rs p]haps--9 ! pursuit ( ! trail ( an animal he does n want4 ,,"p ,,"o ,,gr\p ,,iv ,,! ,,beav] ,illu/ration3 ,,beav] ,,! beav] 0 once di/ribut$ to a va/ ext5t all ov] ! globe1 b is n[ f\nd 9 comp>atively few sections ( ! ,old & ,new ,worlds1 & n[h]e 9 great abundance4 ,! /ate ( ,montana1 :i* until rec5tly _h ! l>ge/ numb] ( !m )9 its b\nd>ies1 jo9$1 dur+ #aijg1 ^? ,/ates :]e ?is int]e/+ animal is practically ext9ct1 & ! black5+ beav] /umps along its /reams be> witness to ! %ame ( ! legislative assembly ( #aijg1 :i* left ! beav] )\t protection4 ,= ! ext]m9ation ( ! beav] 9 ?is ,/ate ! weal?y classes1 & n ! trapp]s1 mu/ be> ! blame1 = )\t ! cons5t ( ! =m] ! trapp] c\ld n ev5 h decreas$ ! numb] ( !m )\t endang]+ 8 own lib]ty4 ,illu/ration3 ,,beav]4 7,,ab\t ,,"o-,,half ,,natural ,,size7 7,a7 ,track ( "r h9d foot4 7,b7 ,track ( "r =efoot4 ,:]e ! beav] is protect$1 he increases rapidly1 & if hunt$ ) a rifle1 he af=ds z mu* excitem5t z any game t roams ! woods4 ,illu/ration3 ,,beav] ,,/ump ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,beav]',s ,,home ,bus9ess in/9ct1 z well z sportsman%ip1 %\ld urge sportsm5 to conc]t$ action 9 ord] to pres]ve & increase ! comp>atively few beav] colonies n[ left on our cont95t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,beav] ,,trails ,,or ,,slides ,illu/ration3 ,,beav] ,,trail ,! ?ird toe t\*es ! c5t] l9e4 ,! beav]'s tracks mo/ /rik+ly repres5t ! f\r? gr\p ( mammals 9 ?is treatise4 ,9 ! ef=t to support & /eady ! body adequately1 ! animal endeavors to plant its feet z ne> z possible "u ! c5t] ( its body1 b its corpul5cy prev5ts1 & ! result is a track s ridicul\s t x is laughable4 ,! front tracks are cov]$ ) ! h9d feet1 ! ?ird to5ails ( :i* rea* ! c5t] l9e1 & ! heel ( :i* /&1 accord+ to ! size ( ! specim5 :i* made ! trail1 f f\r to eight in*es f x4 ,! nails ( ! two inside toes ( ! h9d feet are b to a limit$ ext5t visible z ! web betwe5 ! toes protrudes !m4 ,:]e ! beav] is sc>ce & mu* pursu$1 ! impr9t ( a =efoot ne> ! wat]'s edge may be discov]$ occasionally "h & !re2 9 ?is case ! prom95ce ( ! to5ails is unmi/akable4 ,i may /ate "h1 t a front track at ! wat]'s edge is (t5 ! only sign :i* may be f\nd along a /ream :]e beav]s h become v w>y2 !y seem to be able to live on almo/ no?+--leaves1 roots1 etc4--= n a s+le cutt+ c be discov]$ 9 su* cases4 ,:]e n s\ght ext5sively1 ! hunt] seldom notes ! tracks ( ?is aquatic fur-be>]2 cut will[s or tree /umps are1 if n a sur]1 at lea/ a m easily di/+ui%$ indication ( _! pres5ce1 :ile on mu*-us$ slides ! tracks c\ld n be se5 any:]e4 ,x has be5 ! writ]'s exp]i5ce t 9 e case 9 :i* he obs]v$ ! build+ ( a new h\se by "o ( ^! animals1 ! build] 0 inv>iably a female provid+ = a happy family ev5t4 ,,! ,,badg] ,,on our cont95t !re is no o!r animal :i* is responsible = s _m brok5 necks & limbs z ! badg]4 ,:ile 9 pursuit ( 8 prey1 he digs holes 9 ! gr\nd1 :i* :5 gr[n ov] ) we$s or grass1 are almo/ c]ta9 dea?-traps = ! unw>y rid]4 ,! man :o enjoys rid+ aft] wolves or ! fox consid]s ! badg] z a m5ace1 & is nev] likely to look ^u x ) any degree ( favor1 not)/&+ its decid$ usefulness z a de/roy] ( undesirable rod5ts4 ,i myself bit ! du/ ( ! prairie f\r times )9 a c\ple ( mon?s on acc\nt ( ?is animal1 ?\gh !re 0 no fur!r damage ?an a brok5 gun/ock & sore limbs4 ,i h s9ce kill$ ev]yone ( ! tribe :5 a *ance (f]$1 ?\gh ) "s feel+ ( regret on acc\nt ( _! desirable features4 ,! track ( ! badg] is /rik+ f ! prom95ce ( ! five-nail m>ks ( ! =efeet & ! twi/$ inw>d appe>ance ( ! h9d track :i* usually /&s squ>ely 9 ! front track4 ,consid]+ ! size ( ! tracks1 ! /ep-m>ks /& close toge!r--ab\t sev5 in*es--&1 z 9 all animals ( ?is gr\p1 to "s ext5t (f f ! c5t] l9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,badg] ,illu/ration3 ,,badg] ,,tracks2 ,,left4 7,,slightly ,,r$uc$7 ,x is readily track$ d[n1 & :5 its hole is approa*$1 ! animal frequ5tly exhibits its head z a t>get f its curiosity to see :at is com+4 ,if run into a hole1 x w almo/ inv>iably reappe> )9 a few m9utes4 ,if x (f]s no *ance = a %ot1 a trap plac$ at ! entrance & cov]$ nicely g5]ally br+s ab\t its de/ruction4 ,if no trap is at h& x c be conf9$ to its hole by ty+ a piece ( pap] or a rag to a /ick & plac+ x n less ?an two feet f ! entrance1 :i* w prev5t its leav+ ! hole = tw5ty-f\r h\rs or s4 ,?is is a sur] me?od ( keep+ ! animal a prison] ?an block+ ! entrance1 & works satisfactorily also ) o!r m>aud]s t take to holes4 ,a fox c usually be held ?us = sev]al days1 & by ?is ruse ,i h actually />v$ two ( !m to dea?4 ,!re 0 9 ea* case ?ree entrances1 & b "o trap at h&1 :i* 0 9 bo? in/ances uncov]$ by ! prison]s dur+ ! fir/ night4 ,illu/ration3 ,,badg] 7,a7 ,walk+4 7,b7 ,runn+4 ,z ! gr\nd 0 froz5 h>d1 ,i did n wi% to bo!r ) sett+ ! trap at ano!r entrance1 s ,i left ?+s z !y 71 aft] cov]+ ! in/rum5t aga94 ,b ! foxes knew x 0 !re all ! same1 & did n aga9 try to leave _! prison by t exit1 & ! o!r entrances 7 gu>d$ by t fe>ful spect] ( pap]4 ,f9ally ea* "o di$ ab\t eight feet f ! sc>ecr[--ab\t five feet inside ! hole1 :i* 0 exam9$ daily--"o dur+ ! n9ete5?1 & ! o!r dur+ ! tw5ty-second day ( _! imprisonm5t4 ,_h ! gr\nd n be5 froz5 s h>d z x 01 ! exp]im5t w\ld h be5 unsuccessful1 z ea* ( ! foxes w\ld ( c\rse h dug out at "s o!r spot4 ,! latt] me?od ( escape w be employ$ by ! badg] 9 e case :]e ! trap is n prop]ly cov]$4 ,,! ,,porcup9e ,,x may appe> out ( place to discuss ?is creature :i* has no sportive quality :atev]1 b its trail is s conspicu\s 9 sn[ t x _c be pass$ )\t be+ notic$1 & ! tyro1 attract$ by ! size ( ! tracks1 w 9 _m in/ances foll[ x1 ?9k+ he is on ! trail ( some?+ else4 ,a %ort "t ago ,i trail$ a suppos$ly lo/1 inexp]i5c$ hunt+ companion :o _h run across ! trail ( a be>1 z he ?\ght1 & foll[$ & kill$ ,bru91 :o happ5$ to be up a tree4 ,:5 ,i caught up ) ! "y fell[1 he 0 contemplat+ 8 brok5 gun/ock1 sma%$ 9 f9i%+ ! v>m9t1 b pr\dly exhibit$1 to my great hil>ity1 ! be> :i* may h weigh$ ab\t tw5ty p\nds1 & ^: fur consi/$ ma9ly ( quills4 ,illu/ration3 ,,porcup9e ,be=e ,i got acqua9t$ ) ! p9e-pork]1 ,i tri$ 9 va9 = a p]iod ( f\r mon?s to asc]ta9 ! id5tity ( an animal ^: tracks ,i frequ5tly saw on a road4 ,only ! m>ks ( ! soles 7 visible !re1 & none ( ! _m m5 ,i ask$ knew t track1 ?\gh !y knew ! animal :i* made x v well1 z develop$ lat]1 :5 track+ conditions became s t ,i c\ld foll[ ! trail to its end4 ,if conditions are half-favorable1 ! impr9ts ( ! to5ails--f\r on ! =efeet & five on ! h9d feet--are always visible4 ,illu/ration3 ,,porcup9e ,,tracks 7#a7 ,walk4 7#b7 ,run4 ,illu/ration3 ,,feet ,,( ,,! ,,porcup9e ,f\r toes on front & five toes on h9d feet 7ab\t "o-half natural size7 ,illu/ration3 ,,sign ,,( ,,! ,,porcup9e 7,b>k eat5 f ! tree7 ,if ! sn[ is a few in*es deep1 ! tracks /& 9 a tr\gh-%ap$ trail because ! animal's body almo/ t\*es ! gr\nd4 ,! toes po9t inw>d1 & almo/ t\* ! c5t] l9e4 ,9 ! sn[less woods num]\s small dead trees attract ! att5tion ( ev5 ^? n int]e/$ 9 =e/ry4 ,if ^! trees are exam9$ !y w reveal ! m>k ( ! porcup9e1 easily recogniz$ by ! p>tly eat5 b>k4 ,along ! /reams ( ! ,bad ,l&s ! limbs ( cottonwood trees are sometimes deplet$ ( e ve/ige ( b>k1 :i* loss ultimately causes ! dea? ( ! trees4 ,:]e =e/s are c>$ = on an economical basis1 ! porcup9e is c]ta9ly a prop] subject = ext]m9ation4 ,_! meat is excell5t if fri$ quickly 9 hot l>d2 roa/$1 or cook$ sl[ly1 x emits an odor repell5t ev5 to a hungry man4 ,,! ,,skunk ,,?\gh an inexcusable intrud] 9 ! *ick5 coop & :]e game birds are rais$1 ! skunk is decid$ly useful f ! /&po9t ( ! =e/] or ( ! f>m]4 ,9 ! writ]'s op9ion1 sportsm5 if !y enc\nt] him 9 ! woods %\ld cease to kill ! animal j because x is only a skunk2 o!rs ( ! frat]nity advance ! j because argum5t if !y are que/ion$ :y !y %oot ! ne/s ( useful hornets4 ,! skunk may rob a few birds' ne/s dur+ ! summ]1 b 8 ma9 diet consi/s ( l>v & b]ries1 & by de/roy+ ! =m] he is ( ine/imable value to ! =e/s & fields ne> 8 resid5ce4 ,i am ?or\ghly conv9c$ t 8 introduction & absolute protection 9 localities :]e mo?s1 butt]flies & ! l1 9 _! undevelop$ /age1 h become a m5ace1 w\ld greatly help to solve ! problem ( r5d]+ ^! pe/s h>mless4 ,illu/ration3 ,,skunk 7,a7 ,front track4 7,b7 ,h9d track 7life size74 7#a7 ,easy lope4 7#b7 ,walk4 ,) e skunk we kill we int]f]e ) ! balance ( nature1 & ! result+ deficit has f9ally to be met ) ! pocketbook by pay+ = artificial sub/itutes = nature1 :i* if left alone w\ld d ! "w mu* bett]4 ,9 ! summ] woods x is n s mu* ! skunk's tracks :i* tell ( 8 pres5ce & m]its1 z ! num]\s small holes 9 ! gr\nd1 ab\t a c\ple ( in*es deep1 f :i* ! animal procures ! l>v !re await+ ! f9al /age ( developm5t4 ,! soles ( ! skunk's feet are simil> to ^? ( ! badg]1 :ile _! size ab\t corresponds ) t ( ! dome/ic cat2 ! to5ails always %[ conspicu\sly "u fair track+ conditions4 ,! individual tracks /& ab\t half z f> ap>t z d ^? ( ! dome/ic cat1 & are always consid]ably out ( l9e4 ,l ! o!r memb]s ( ?is gr\p1 ! skunk betrays himself by 8 trail2 he is a sl[ animal1 & presumably w\ld n put on spe$ if he 7 capable ( x1 s9ce1 :5 =ag+ he is nev] 9 a hurry1 & if mole/$ x is usually ! di/urb] :o pref]s to employ spe$4 ,,"p ,,two ,,fea!r$ ,,game ,,fea!r$ ,,game ,,x is out ( ! "q to treat ! signs & tracks ( birds ) ! same ?or\ghness z ^? ( mammals1 because ! tracks ( sev]al birds reproduce exactly ^? ( dome/ic f[ls1 & ^? made by "y birds ( "o k9d may look l ^? ( old birds ( ano!r v>iety4 ,a description ( bird tracks w1 h[ev]1 be f\nd int]e/+1 & p]haps useful at c]ta9 times1 especially by ! inexp]i5c$ hunt]4 ,! locality :]e a giv5 track is se5 is ! ma9 po9t to be consid]$4 ,tame turkeys & dome/ic *ick5s d n1 z a rule1 v5ture great di/ances f ! b>ny>d1 s if tracks simil> to !irs are se5 f> f human habitation1 x is usually safe to conclude t wild birds made !m4 ,9 ! case ( wat]f[ls1 h[ev]1 ev5 ! consid]ation ( ! locality1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 does n exclude errors2 s ! hunt]1 if he sees tracks f :i* he might d$uce ! pres5ce ( ^! birds 9 8 imm$iate locality1 %\ld employ 8 res\rces to f9d out = c]ta9 :e!r 8 d$uctions are correct or n4 ,! descriptions are ( necessity limit$1 & ! read] %\ld /udy ! illu/rations z ! m important "p ( ! matt]4 ,,upl& ,,birds ,! ,turkey ,! tracks ( ?is1 ! l>ge/ ( game birds1 diff] 9 n[ise f ^? ( ! dome/ic k9d4 ,9 ! woods--9 wild turkey c\ntry--!y usually indicate _! pres5ce by scrat*+ up ! gr\nd cov] 9 se>* ( food1 j z dome/ic f[ls d "u simil> circum/ances1 & by _! dropp+s4 ,! latt] are ! m important z a means ( id5tification4 ,wild turkeys1 :5 habitually or tempor>ily frequ5t+ a giv5 locality1 h _! favorite trees ^u :i* !y roo/1 & "u ^! trees ! dropp+s w be v pl5tiful4 ,"s hunt]s wait at su* roo/+ places dur+ ! ev5+ or morn+ & get _! game2 sometimes ! bird may h tre$ five hundr$ y>ds or m away1 b ! exp]t1 :o is n giv5 to guesswork1 makes x 8 purpose to asc]ta9 all ! turkey trees 9 a di/rict1 notes ! easie/ way to approa* !m1 & !n1 dur+ ! e>ly ev5+ h\rs he w1 f a conv5i5t po9t1 m>k d[n ! birds :i* he he>s tree+4 ,!n dur+ ! h\r be=e daybreak he w g noiselessly z ne> z possible to a roo/+ tree :i* he kn[s h>bors "o or m turkeys1 & aft] x is light en\gh to %oot he w exp]i5ce little tr\ble 9 /alk+ z close z is necess>y to get 8 bird4 ,! ,sage ,gr\se ,! track ( ! sage h5 is ab\t ! size ( t ( a small dome/ic *ick51 b ! toes at _! base are some:at broad]1 giv+ ! entire track a diff]5t aspect4 ,9 ! spr+ & autumn mon?s ! birds frequ5t sagebru% flats & hillsides1 & dur+ ! e>ly autumn !y seek ! vic9ity ( wat]1 & !re1 if x 7 n t _! toes are r %ort 9 comp>ison ) _! broadness1 ! tracks might be mi/ak5 = ^? ( ! pheasant 9 any place :]e t game bird has be5 introduc$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,turkey4 7,,l>ge ,,draw+ ,,two-,,?irds ,,natural ,,size7 7#a7 ,walk+4 7#b7 ,/rutt+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pheasant4 7,,natural ,,size7 ,pheasant ,! middle toe ( ! pheasant /&s almo/ 9 a /raight l9e 9 ! trail1 & ?is feature is ! mo/ /rik+ "o :]eby to di/+ui% its track f ! tracks ( any ( our native game birds4 ,illu/ration3 ,ruff$ ,gr\se4 7,two-?irds natural size7 ,blue ,gr\se4 ,gr\se ,! memb]s ( ?is class1 9 :i* are includ$ ! v>i\s v>ieties ( ! ruff$ gr\se & ^? ( ! ,spruce or ,blue gr\se1 all spread _! feet 9 simil> fa%ion1 & walk ) ! middle toes po9t$ inw>d to a consid]able degree4 ,because ( ?is simil>ity ! size ( ! tracks & ! l5g? ( /eps are ! only means by :i* to id5tify ! p>ticul> species :i* made !m4 ,! ruff$ gr\se make ! %orte/ /eps & ! smalle/ tracks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ruff$ ,,gr\se ,illu/ration3 ,,blue ,,gr\se ,! illu/rations %[ ! tracks & trail ( a dusky gr\se ( ord9>y size1 & ( an unusually big ruff$ gr\se cock4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%>p-,,tail$ ,,gr\se ,! draw+s 7 made "u ideal track+ conditions2 & only !n is x possible to note ! diff]5ce 9 ! numb] ( ! knots ( ! middle toe4 ,?\gh1 z a g5]al rule1 ! ruff$ gr\se usually frequ5ts r l[ c\ntry & ! blue-gr\se tribe is g5]ally f\nd on high gr\nds1 ! locality :]e a track is se5 gives no sure indication ( ! species4 ,! writ] has frequ5tly enc\nt]$ ! ruff$ gr\se at altitudes ( ov] sev5 ?\s& feet1 & ! blue gr\se l[] d[n ?an he ev] f\nd ! ruff$ v>iety4 ,illu/ration3 ,%>p-tail$ ,gr\se4 7,two-?irds natural size7 ,sage ,gr\se4 ,prairie ,*ick5s ,f ! prairie h5 to ! %>p-tail$ gr\se1 !y all belong to "o ord] z f> z _! tracks are conc]n$4 ,a prairie *ick5 does n spread ! toes to ! same ext5t z does ! gr\se ( ! woods1 & ! middle toes /& also some:at /raight] 9 ! l9e ( ! trail4 ,! tracks made by ! %>p-tail$ gr\se are always ( a r blurr$ appe>ance because ( ! heavily fea!r$ feet4 ,quail ,! size ( ! quail's track is ab\t t ( a dome/ic pigeon4 ,a peculi>ity ( ! track is t ! m>k ( ! h9d toe /&s comp>atively f> (f f ! track on acc\nt ( its s+ul> disproportion to ! size ( ! foot4 ,9 ! pursuit ( gr\se1 *ick5s1 etc41 ! hunt] usually notes tracks less ?an o!r signs4 ,=emo/ among ! latt] are ! places :]e ! birds take s& ba?s1 :]e /ray fea!rs w usually be f\nd4 ,c\ntless int]wov5 small pa?s1 lead+ ev]y:]e & n[h]e 9 grass & gra9 fields1 are infallible signs t birds h f$ !re4 ,illu/ration3 ,,quail4 7,,natural ,,size7 ,woodcock ,! neate/ bird track se5 9 upl& hunt+ is1 9 ! writ]'s op9ion1 t ( ! woodcock4 ,true1 ?is fasc9at+ ,long-face has g5]ally gone to w>m] climes be=e w9t] sets 91 b occasionally an e>ly sn[/orm cat*es him1 & !n 8 tracks are a /rik+ feature ne> spr+y places 9 =e/s1 or "u d5se trees t hold mo/ ( ! sn[ al(t on _! bran*es4 ,! spl5did impr9ts are z unmi/akable among bird tracks z ! tracks ( ! m\nta9 %eep among big game1 & z un=gettable if once se54 ,illu/ration3 ,,woodcock4 7,,natural ,,size7 ,,wat]f[ls ,swans1 ,geese1 ,ducks ,! tracks ( ^! aquatic game birds are s mu* alike t only ! diff]5ce 9 size makes x possible to di/+ui% ! species & v>ieties ( ducks & geese2 if !y are ( simil> size !y _c possibly be told ap>t4 ,:]e ! tracks are se5 dur+ cold wea!r at small op5 /reams or spr+s1 x is c]ta9 t ! birds visit !re at night1 d\btlessly com+ f a big /ream or lake1 p]haps _m miles di/ant2 by wait+ = !m at sund[n royal sport c be obta9$4 ,dur+ summ]1 on grassy places ne> wat]1 "y geese & ducks usually make num]\s small pa?s1 simil> to ^? made by upl& birds1 b broad]4 ,illu/ration3 ,tracks ( 7#a7 ,rail1 7#b7 ,coot1 7#c7 ,crane1 7#d7 ,swan4 7,"o-half natural size7 ,illu/ration3 7,a7 ,duck1 mall>d size4 7,"o-half natural size7 7,b7 ,goose4 7,"o-half natural size7 7,c7 ,trail ( ,swan1 ,geese & ,ducks4 ,,pr$atory ,,birds ,! ,great ,horn$ ,owl ,! great horn$ owl is ( int]e/ to ! sportsman m]ely by reason ( ! depr$ations :i* "s memb]s ( ?is tribe commit on small game4 ,:]e n =c$ by a sc>city ( small game to subsi/ on mice1 etc41 ?is owl lives almo/ exclusively on rabbits & birds4 ,! writ] rememb]s an in/ance :]e "o specim5 kill$ e beav] kid & muskrat on a creek sev]al miles along its c\rse4 ,! owl's tracks are v r>ely se51 b f ! undige/$ refuse :i* he ejects ?r\gh 8 m\? 7= he swall[s all 8 prey1 hair1 bones1 etc41 :5 fe$+7 frequ5tly f\nd ?ickly /rewn "u 8 favorite roo/+ trees 7usually d5sely bran*$71 x c readily be asc]ta9$ :at ! light-%y fell[ lives on1 & if he proves to be an outlaw1 8 dea? w b5efit ! hunt+ gr\nd4 ,hawks ,not)/&+ claims to ! contr>y1 all hawks1 ) ! exception ( ! sp>r[ hawk1 are injuri\s4 ,ev5 ! mu*-laud$ m>% hawk 9 op5 di/ricts lives exclusively on small birds1 t is1 at lea/1 9 ! ,we/4 ,9 timb]$ c\ntry1 :]e he is too unga9ly to cat* w+$ prey1 by =ce ( necessity he has to subsi/ on small injuri\s rod5ts :i* he c cat* 9 ! op54 ,:oev] has obs]v$ ) op5 eyes & an op5 m9d ! actions ( hawks1 kn[s t x w pay ! sportsm5 well to fill !m ) lead at e opportunity4 ,imitat+ _! mat+ call--an easy matt]--is ! mo/ satisfactory me?od ( gett+ !m )9 range1 & x is also a v ent]ta9+ pa/ime dur+ ! close season4 ,! hunt] selects a good cov] = himself 9 a locality :i* he kn[s or suspects to be infe/$ by ! pe/s1 & s\nds 8 cac-cac-cac--or1 kee-kee-kee-e-e--dep5d5t ^u :i* v>iety ( eagles or hawks he wi%es to call1 & if a hawk is )9 he>+1 he is nev] long 9 com+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%>p-,,%9n$ ,,hawk ,illu/ration3 ,,h]on ,,tracks4 7,,"o-,,half ,,natural ,,size7 ,bitt]n is ! same =m1 b small]4 7,! l>ge draw+ is ( ! "r track47 ,illu/ration3 ,,wilson',s ,,snipe ,v>i\s ,birds ,illu/ration3 ,,h]on ,,tracks4 7,,"o-,,half ,,natural ,,size7 ,bitt]n is ! same =m1 b small]4 7,! l>ge draw+ is ( ! "r track47 ,illu/ration3 ,tracks ( 7#a7 ,flam+o 7"o-half natural size74 7#b7 ,plov] 7"o-half natural size74 7#c7 ,gull 7"o-half natural size74 7#d7 ,dove 7full size74 ,= ! sake ( comp>ison1 & because also "s ( !m are v int]e/+1 results ( my obs]vations ( ! tracks ( sev]al birds n ( ! game class are h]e) giv54