,transcrib]'s note3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,9 view ( ! difficulty ( reliably di/+ui%+ #ah?-c5tury v>iant spell+s f typographical errors1 ! text has be5 reproduc$ entirely z pr9t$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,exp]im5ts ,,& ,,obs]vations ,,on ,,electricity1 ,,made ,,at ,philadelphia 9 ,am]ica1 ,,by ,mr4 ,,b5jam9 ,,frankl91 ,,& ,communicat$ 9 sev]al ,lett]s to ,mr4 ,p4 ,,coll9son1 ( ,london1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,london3 ,pr9t$ & sold by ,e4 ,,cave1 at ,/4 ,john's ,gate4 #agea4 7,price #bs4 #f;d47 ,! ,,preface4 ,x may be necess>y to acqua9t ! read]1 t ! foll[+ obs]vations & exp]im5ts 7 n drawn up ) a view to _! be+ made publick1 b 7 communicat$ at diff]5t times1 & mo/ ( !m 9 lett]s wrote on v>i\s topicks1 z matt]s only ( private amusem5t4 ,b "s p]sons to :om !y 7 read1 & :o _h !mselves be5 conv]sant 9 electrical disquisitions1 7 ( op9ion1 !y conta9'd s _m curi\s & int]e/+ p>ticul>s relative to ?is affair1 t x w\ld be do+ a k9d ( inju/ice to ! publick1 to conf9e !m solely to ! limits ( a private acqua9tance4 ,! ,editor 0 !re=e prevail$ ^u to commit su* extracts ( lett]s1 & o!r deta*'d pieces z 7 9 8 h&s to ! press1 )\t wait+ = ! +5i\s au?or's p]mission s to d2 & ?is 0 done ) ! less hesitation1 z x 0 appreh5d$ ! au?or's engagem5ts 9 o!r affairs1 w\ld sc>ce af=d him leisure to give ! publick 8 reflections & exp]im5ts on ! subject1 f9i%'d ) t c>e & precision1 ( :i* ! treatise be=e u %ews he is alike /udi\s & capable4 ,he 0 only appriz$ ( ! /ep t _h be5 ?us tak51 :ile ! fir/ %eets 7 9 ! press1 & "t en\gh = him to transmit "s f>!r rem>ks1 toge!r ) a few corrections & additions1 :i* are plac$ at ! end1 & may be consult$ 9 ! p]usal4 ,! exp]im5ts :i* our au?or relates are mo/ ( !m peculi> to himself2 !y are conduct$ ) judgm5t1 & ! inf]5ces f !m pla9 & conclusive2 ?\gh sometimes propos$ "u ! t]ms ( suppositions & conjectures4 ,& inde$ ! sc5e he op5s1 /rikes u ) a pleas+ a/oni%m5t1 :il/ he conducts u by a tra9 ( facts & judici\s reflections1 to a probable cause ( ^? phnom5a1 :i* are at once ! mo/ awful1 &1 hi!rto1 acc\nt$ = ) ! lea/ v]isimilitude4 ,he exhibits to our consid]ation1 an invisible1 subtile matt]1 dissem9at$ ?r\gh all nature 9 v>i\s proportions1 equally unobs]v$1 &1 :il/ all ^? bodies to :i* x peculi>ly adh]es are alike *>g$ ) x1 in(f5sive4 ,he %ews1 h[ev]1 t if an unequal di/ribution is by any means br\ght ab\t2 if !re is a coac]vation 9 "o "p ( space1 a less proportion1 vacuity1 or want1 9 ano!r2 by ! ne> approa* ( a body capable ( conduct+ ! coac]vat$ "p to ! empti] space1 x becomes p]haps ! mo/ =midable & irresi/ible ag5t 9 ! univ]se4 ,animals are 9 an ,in/ant /ruck brea?less1 bodies almo/ imp]vi\s by any =ce yet kn[n1 are p]=at$1 & metals fus$ by x1 9 a mom5t4 ,f ! simil> effects ( light5+ & electricity our au?or has be5 l$ to make "s propable conjectures on ! cause ( ! =m]2 & at ! same "t1 to propose "s rational exp]im5ts 9 ord] to secure ourselves1 & ^? ?+s on :i* its =ce is (t5 direct$1 f its p]nici\s effects2 a circum/ance ( no small importance to ! publick1 & !re=e wor?y ( ! utmo/ att5tion4 ,x has1 inde$1 be5 ( late ! fa%ion to ascribe e gr& or unusual op]ation ( nature1 su* z light5+ & e>?quakes1 to electricity2 n1 z "o w\ld imag9e1 f ! mann] ( reason+ on ^! occasions1 t ! au?ors ( ^! s*emes h1 discov]$ any connection betwixt ! cause & effect1 or saw 9 :at mann] !y 7 relat$2 b1 z x w\ld seem1 m]ely because !y 7 unacqua9t$ ) any o!r ag5t1 ( :i* x c\ld n positively be said ! connection 0 impossible4 ,b ( ^!1 & _m o!r int]e/+ circum/ances1 ! read] w be m satisfactorily in=m$ 9 ! foll[+ lett]s1 to :i* he is !re=e ref]r$ by ,! ,,editor4 ,illu/ration ,,lett] ,i4 ,,f ,mr ,,b5j4 ,,frankl91 9 ,philadelphia4 ,,to ,mr ,,pet] ,,coll9son1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,london4 ,july #bh1 #agdg4 ,,sir1 ,,! necess>y tr\ble ( copy+ long lett]s1 :i* p]haps :5 !y come to y\r h&s may conta9 no?+ new1 or wor? y\r read+ 7s quick is ! progress made ) y 9 ,electricity7 half disc\rages me f writ+ any m on t subject4 ,yet ,i _c =be> add+ a few obs]vations on ,m4 ,mus*5broek's wond]ful bottle4 #a4 ,! non-electric conta9'd 9 ! bottle diff]s :5 electris$ f a non-electric electris$ out ( ! bottle1 9 ?is3 t ! electrical fire ( ! latt] is accumulat$ on its surface1 & =ms an electrical atmosph]e r\nd x ( consid]able ext5t3 b ! electrical fire is cr\d$ into ! sub/ance ( ! =m]1 ! glass conf9+ x4 #b4 ,at ! same "t t ! wire & top ( ! bottle1 c4 is electris$ positively or plus1 ! bottom ( ! bottle is electris$ negatively or m9us1 9 exact proportion3 i4 e4 :atev] quantity ( electrical fire is ?r[n 9 at top1 an equal quantity goes out ( ! bottom4 ,to und]/& ?is1 suppose ! common quantity ( ,electricity 9 ea* "p ( ! bottle1 be=e ! op]ation beg9s1 is equal to #bj2 & at e /roke ( ! tube1 suppose a quantity equal to #a is ?r[n 92 !n1 aft] ! fir/ /roke1 ! quantity conta9'd 9 ! wire & upp] "p ( ! bottle w be #ba1 9 ! bottom #ai4 ,aft] ! second1 ! upp] "p w h #bb1 ! l[] #ah1 & s on 'till aft] #bj /rokes1 ! upp] "p w h a quantity ( electrical fire equal to #dj1 ! l[] "p none3 & !n ! op]ation ends3 = no m c be ?r[n into ! upp] "p1 :5 no m c be driv5 out ( ! l[] "p4 ,if y attempt to ?r[ m 91 x is spu$ back ?ro' ! wire1 or flies out 9 l\d cracks ?ro' ! sides ( ! bottle4 #c4 ,! equilibrium _c be re/or$ 9 ! bottle by inw>d communication or contact ( ! p>ts2 b x mu/ be done by a communication =m$ )\t ! bottle1 betwe5 ! top & bottom1 by "s non-electric1 t\*+ bo? at ! same "t2 9 :i* case x is re/or$ ) a viol5ce & quickness inexpressible3 or1 t\*+ ea* alt]nately1 9 :i* case ! equilibrium is re/or$ by degrees4 #d4 ,z no m electrical fire c be ?r[n into ! top ( ! bottle1 :5 all is driv5 out ( ! bottom1 s 9 a bottle n yet electris$1 none c be ?r[n into ! top1 :5 none c get out at ! bottom2 :i* happ5s ei!r :5 ! bottom is too ?ick1 or :5 ! bottle is plac$ on an electric p] se4 ,aga91 :5 ! bottle is electris$1 b little ( ! electrical fire c be drawn out f ! top1 by t\*+ ! wire1 unless an equal quantity c at ! same "t get 9 at ! bottom4 ,?us1 place an electris$ bottle on clean glass or dry wax1 & y w n1 by t\*+ ! wire1 get out ! fire f ! top4 ,place x on a non-electric1 & t\* ! wire1 y w get x out 9 a %ort "t2 b soone/ :5 y =m a direct communication z above4 ,s wond]fully are ^! two /ates ( ,electricity1 ! plus & m9us1 comb9$ & balanc$ 9 ?is miracul\s bottle6 situat$ & relat$ to ea* o!r 9 a mann] t ,i c by no means compreh5d6 ,if x 7 possible t a bottle %\ld 9 "o "p conta9 a quantity ( air /rongly compre/1 & 9 ano!r "p a p]fect vacuum1 we "k ! equilibrium w\ld be in/antly re/or$ )94 ,b "h we h a bottle conta9+ at ! same "t a pl5um ( electrical fire1 & a vacuum ( ! same fire2 & yet ! equilibrium _c be re/or$ betwe5 !m b by a communication )\t6 ?\gh ! pl5um presses viol5tly to exp&1 & ! hungry vacuum seems to attract z viol5tly 9 ord] to be fill$4 #e4 ,! %ock to ! n]ves 7or convulsion r7 is occasion'd by ! sudd5 pass+ ( ! fire ?r\gh ! body 9 its way f ! top to ! bottom ( ! bottle4 ,! fire takes ! %orte/ c\rse1 z ,mr ,watson ju/ly obs]ves3 ,b x does n appe>1 f exp]im5t1 t1 9 ord] = a p]son to be %ock$1 a communication ) ! floor is necess>y2 = he t holds ! bottle ) "o h&1 & t\*es ! wire ) ! o!r1 w be %ock'd z mu*1 ?\gh 8 %oes be dry1 or ev5 /&+ on wax1 z o!rwise4 ,& on ! t\* ( ! wire 7or ( ! gun-b>rel1 :i* is ! same ?+7 ! fire does n proce$ f ! t\*+ f+] to ! wire1 z is suppos$1 b f ! wire to ! f+]1 & passes ?r\gh ! body to ! o!r h&1 & s into ! bottom ( ! bottle4 ,,exp]im5ts confirm+ ! above4 ,,exp]im5t ,i4 ,place an electris$ phial on wax2 a small cork-ball susp5d$ by a dry silk-?read held 9 y\r h&1 & br\ght ne> to ! wire1 w fir/ be attract$1 & !n repell$3 :5 9 ?is /ate ( repell5cy1 s9k y\r h&1 t ! ball may be br\ght t[>ds ! bottom ( ! bottle2 x w !re be in/antly & /rongly attract$1 'till x has p>t$ ) its fire4 ,if ! bottle _h an electrical atmosph]e1 z well z ! wire1 an electrifi$ cork w\ld be repell$ f "o z well z f ! o!r4 ,,exp]im5t ,,ii4 ,,fig4 #a4 ,f a b5t wire 7a7 /ick+ 9 ! table1 let a small l95 ?read 7b7 hang d[n )9 half an in* ( ! electris$ phial 7c74 ,t\* ! wire ( ! phial repeat$ly ) y\r f+]1 & at e t\* y w see ! ?read in/antly attract$ by ! bottle4 7,?is is be/ done by a v9eg> cruet1 or "s su* belly'd bottle74 ,z soon z y draw any fire out f ! upp] "p by t\*+ ! wire1 ! l[] "p ( ! bottle draws an equal quantity 9 by ! ?read4 ,,exp]im5t ,,iii4 ,,fig4 #b4 ,fix a wire 9 ! lead1 ) :i* ! bottom ( ! bottle is arm$1 7d7 s z t b5d+ upw>ds1 its r+-end may be level ) ! top or r+-end ( ! wire 9 ! cork 7e71 & at ?ree or f\r in*es di/ance4 ,!n electricise ! bottle1 & place x on wax4 ,if a cork susp5d$ by a silk ?read 7f7 hang betwe5 ^! two wires1 x w play incessantly f "o to ! o!r1 'till ! bottle is no long] electris$2 t is1 x fet*es & c>ries fire f ! top to ! bottom ( ! bottle1 'till ! equilibrium is re/or$4 ,,exp]im5t ,,iv4 ,,fig4 #c4 ,place an electricis$ phial on wax2 take a wire 7g7 9 =m ( a ,c1 ! ends at su* a di/ance :5 b5t1 z t ! upp] may t\* ! wire ( ! bottle1 :5 ! l[] t\*es ! bottom3 /ick ! out] "p on a /ick ( seal+ wax 7h7 :i* w s]ve z a h&le4 ,!n apply ! l[] end to ! bottom ( ! bottle1 & gradually br+ ! upp]-end ne> ! wire 9 ! cork4 ,! consequ5ce is1 sp>k foll[s sp>k till ! equilibrium is re/or$4 ,t\* ! top fir/1 & on approa*+ ! bottom ) ! o!r end1 y h a con/ant /ream ( fire1 f ! wire ent]+ ! bottle4 ,t\* ! top & bottom toge!r1 & ! equilibrium w soon be re/or$1 b sil5tly & imp]ceptibly2 ! crook$ wire =m+ ! communication4 ,,exp]im5t ,v4 ,,fig4 #d4 ,let a r+ ( ?9 lead or pap] surr\nd a bottle 7i71 ev5 at "s di/ance f or above ! bottom4 ,f t r+ let a wire proce$ up1 'till x t\* ! wire ( ! cork 7k74 ,a bottle s fixt _c by any means be electris$3 ! equilibrium is nev] de/roy$3 = :ile ! communication betwe5 ! upp] & l[] p>ts ( ! bottle is cont9u$ by ! outside wire1 ! fire only circulates3 :at is driv5 out at bottom1 is con/antly supply'd f ! top4 ,h5ce a bottle _c be electris$ t is f\l or moi/ on ! outside4 ,,exp]im5t ,,vi4 ,place a man on a cake ( wax1 & pres5t him ! wire ( ! electrifi$ phial to t\*1 y /&+ on ! floor1 & hold+ x 9 y\r h&4 ,z (t5 z he t\*es x1 he w be electrifi$ plus2 & any "o /&+ on ! floor may draw a sp>k f him4 ,! fire 9 ?is exp]im5t passes out ( ! wire into him2 & at ! same "t out ( y\r h& into ! bottom ( ! bottle4 ,,exp]im5t ,,vii4 ,give him ! electrifi$ phial to hold2 & d y t\* ! wire2 z (t5 y t\* x he w be electrifi$ m9us1 & may draw a sp>k f any "o /&+ on ! floor4 ,! fire n[ passes f ! wire to y1 & f him into ! bottom ( ! bottle4 ,,exp]im5t ,,viii4 ,lay two books on two glasses1 back t[>ds back1 two or ?ree ,in*es di/ant4 ,set ! electrifi$ phial on "o1 & !n t\* ! wire2 t book w be electrifi$ m9us2 ! electrical fire be+ drawn out ( x by ! bottom ( ! bottle4 ,take (f ! bottle1 & hold+ x 9 y\r h&1 t\* ! o!r ) ! wire2 t book w be electris$ plus2 ! fire pass+ into x f ! wire1 & ! bottle at ! same "t supply'd f y\r h&4 ,a susp5d$ small cork-ball w play betwe5 ^! books 'till ! equilibrium is re/or$4 ,,exp]im5t ,,ix4 ,:5 a body is electris$ plus x w repel an electrifi$ fea!r or small cork-ball4 ,:5 m9us 7or :5 9 ! common /ate7 x w attract !m1 b /rong] :5 m9us ?an :5 9 ! common /ate1 ! diff]5ce be+ great]4 ,,exp]im5t ,x4 ,?o'1 z 9 ,,exp]4 ,,vi4 a man /&+ on wax may be electris$ a numb] ( times1 by repeat$ly t\*+ ! wire ( an electris$ bottle 7held 9 ! h& ( "o /&+ on ! floor7 he receiv+ ! fire f ! wire ea* "t3 yet hold+ x 9 8 own h&1 & t\*+ ! wire1 ?o' he draws a /rong sp>k1 & is viol5tly %ock'd1 no ,electricity rema9s 9 him2 ! fire only pass+ ?ro' him f ! upp] to ! l[] "p ( ! bottle4 ,obs]ve1 be=e ! %ock1 to let "s "o on ! floor t\* him to re/ore ! equilibrium 9 8 body2 = 9 tak+ hold ( ! bottom ( ! bottle1 he sometimes becomes a little electris$ m9us1 :i* w cont9ue aft] ! %ock2 z w\ld also any plus ,electricity1 :i* he might h giv5 him be=e ! %ock4 ,=1 re/or+ ! equilibrium 9 ! bottle does n at all affect ! ,electricity 9 ! man ?ro' :om ! fire passes2 t ,electricity is nei!r increas$ nor dim9i%'d4 ,,exp]im5t ,,xi4 ,! pass+ ( ! electrical fire f ! upp] to ! l[] "p ( ! bottle1 to re/ore ! equilibrium is r5d]'d /rongly visible by ! foll[+ pretty exp]im5t4 ,take a book ^: cov] is fillett$ ) gold2 b5d a wire ( eight or t5 in*es long 9 ! =m ( 7m7 ,,fig4 #e1 slip x on ! end ( ! cov] ( ! book ov] ! gold l9e1 s z t ! %\ld] ( x may press ^u "o end ( ! gold l9e1 ! r+ up1 b lean+ t[>ds ! o!r end ( ! book4 ,lay ! book on a glass or wax2 & on ! o!r end ( ! gold l9es1 set ! bottle electris$3 !n b5d ! spr++ wire1 by press+ x ) a /ick ( wax till its r+ approa*es ! r+ ( ! bottle wire2 in/antly !re is a /rong sp>k & /roke1 & ! :ole l9e ( gold1 :i* completes ! communication betwe5 ! top & bottom ( ! bottle1 w appe> a vivid flame1 l ! %>pe/ lightn+4 ,! clos] ! contact betwe5 ! %\ld] ( ! wire1 & ! gold at "o end ( ! l9e1 & betwe5 ! bottom ( ! bottle & ! gold at ! o!r end1 ! bett] ! exp]im5t succe$s4 ,! room %\ld be d>k5$4 ,if y w\ld h ! :ole fillett+ r\nd ! cov] appe> 9 fire at once1 let ! bottle & wire t\* ! gold 9 ! diagonally opposite corn]s4 ,i am1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,lett] ,,ii4 ,,f ,mr ,,b5j4 ,,frankl91 9 ,philadelphia4 ,,to ,mr ,,pet] ,,coll9son1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,london4 ,sept4 #a1 #agdg4 ,,sir1 ,9 my la/ ,i in=m$ y t1 9 pursu+ our electrical enquiries1 we _h obs]v$ "s p>ticul> ,phnom5a1 :i* we look$ ^u to be new1 & ( :i* ,i promis$ to give y "s acc\nt1 ?o' ,i appreh5d$ !y might possibly n be new to y1 z s _m h&s are daily employ'd 9 electrical exp]im5ts on y\r side ! wat]1 "s or o!r ( :i* w\ld probably hit on ! same obs]vations4 ,! fir/ is ! wond]ful effect ( po9t$ bodies1 bo? 9 draw+ (f & ?r[+ (f ! electrical fire4 ,= example3 ,place an iron %ot ( ?ree or f\r in*es diamet]1 on ! m\? ( a clean dry glass bottle4 ,by a f9e silk5 ?read f ! ciel+1 "r ov] ! m\? ( ! bottle1 susp5d a small cork-ball1 ab\t ! bigness ( a m>ble2 ! ?read ( su* a l5g?1 z t ! cork-ball may re/ aga9/ ! side ( ! %ot4 ,electrify ! %ot1 & ! ball w be repell$ to ! di/ance ( f\r or five in*es1 m or less1 accord+ to ! quantity ( ,electricity4--,:5 9 ?is /ate1 if y pres5t to ! %ot ! po9t ( a long sl5d] %>p bodk91 at six or eight in*es di/ance1 ! repell5cy is in/antly de/roy'd1 & ! cork flies to ! %ot4 ,a blunt body mu/ be br\ght )9 an in*1 & draw a sp>k1 to produce ! same effect4 ,to prove t ! electrical fire is drawn (f by ! po9t1 if y take ! blade ( ! bodk9 out ( ! wood5 h&le1 & fix x 9 a /ick ( seal+ wax1 & !n pres5t x at ! di/ance a=esaid1 or if y br+ x v ne>1 no su* effect foll[s2 b slid+ "o f+] along ! wax till y t\* ! blade1 & ! ball flies to ! %ot imm$iately4--,if y pres5t ! po9t 9 ! d>k1 y w see1 sometimes at a foot di/ance1 & m1 a light ga!r ^u x l t ( a fire-fly or gl[-worm2 ! less %>p ! po9t1 ! ne>] y mu/ br+ x to obs]ve ! light2 & at :atev] di/ance y see ! light1 y may draw (f ! electrical fire1 & de/roy ! repell5cy4--,if a cork-ball s susp5d$ be repell$ by ! tube1 & a po9t be pres5t$ quick to x1 ?o' at a consid]able di/ance1 'tis surpriz+ to see h[ sudd5ly x flies back to ! tube4 ,po9ts ( wood w d z well z ^? ( iron1 provid$ ! wood is n dry2 = p]fectly dry wood w no m conduct ,electricity ?an seal+ wax4 ,to %ew t po9ts w ?r[ (f z well z draw (f ! electrical fire2 lay a long %>p ne$le ^u ! %ot1 & y _c electrise ! %ot1 s z to make x repel ! cork-ball4--,or fix a ne$le to ! end ( a susp5d$ gun-b>rel1 or iron rod1 s z to po9t beyond x l a little bayonet2 & :ile x rema9s !re1 ! gun-b>rel1 or rod1 _c by apply+ ! tube to ! o!r end be electris$ s z to give a sp>k1 ! fire cont9ually runn+ out sil5tly at ! po9t4 ,9 ! d>k y may see x make ! same appe>ance z x does 9 ! case be=em5tion$4 ,! repell5cy betwe5 ! cork-ball & ! %ot is likewise de/roy'd2 #a4 ,by sift+ f9e s& on x2 ?is does x gradually4 #b4 ,by brea?+ on x4 #c4 ,by mak+ a smoke ab\t x f burn+ wood4#a #d4 ,by c&le light1 ev5 ?o' ! c&le is at a foot di/ance3 ^! d x sudd5ly4--,! light ( a bright coal f a wood fire2 & ! light ( r$-hot iron d x likewise2 b n at s great a di/ance4 ,smoke f dry ros9 dropt on hot iron1 does n de/roy ! repell5cy2 b is attract$ by bo? %ot & cork-ball1 =m+ proportionable atmosph]es r\nd !m1 mak+ !m look beautifully1 some:at l "s ( ! figures 9 ,burnet's or ,:i/on's !ory ( ! e>?4 ,n4 ,b4 ,?is exp]im5t %\ld be made 9 a closet :]e ! air is v /ill4 ,! light ( ! sun ?r[n /rongly on bo? cork & %ot by a look+-glass = a long "t toge!r1 does n impair ! repell5cy 9 ! lea/4 ,?is diff]5ce betwe5 fire-light & sun-light1 is ano!r ?+ t seems new & extraord9>y to u4 ,we _h = "s "t be5 ( op9ion1 t ! electrical fire 0 n creat$ by friction1 b collect$1 be+ really an elem5t diffus'd among1 & attract$ by o!r matt]1 p>ticul>ly by wat] & metals4 ,we _h ev5 discov]$ & demon/rat$ its afflux to ! electrical sph]e1 z well z its efflux1 by means ( little light w9dmill :eels made ( /iff pap] vanes1 fix$ obliquely & turn+ freely on f9e wire axes4 ,also by little :eels ( ! same matt]1 b =m$ l wat] :eels4 ,( ! disposition & application ( :i* :eels1 & ! v>i\s phnom5a result+1 ,i c\ld1 if ,i _h "t1 fill y a %eet4 ,! impossibility ( electris+ "o's self 7?o' /&+ on wax7 by rubb+ ! tube & draw+ ! fire f x2 & ! mann] ( do+ x by pass+ ! tube ne> a p]son or ?+ /&+ on ! floor1 c4 _h also occurr$ to u "s mon?s be=e ,mr ,watson's +5i\s ,sequel came to h&1 & ^! 7 "s ( ! new ?+s ,i int5d$ to h communicat$ to y4--,b n[ ,i ne$ only m5tion "s p>ticul>s n h9t$ 9 t piece1 ) our reason+s !reupon2 ?\gh p]haps ! latt] might well en\gh be sp>$4 #a4 ,a p]son /&+ on wax1 & rubb+ ! tube1 & ano!r p]son on wax draw+ ! fire2 !y w bo? ( !m1 7provid$ !y d n /& s z to t\* "o ano!r7 appe> to be electris$1 to a p]son /&+ on ! floor2 t is1 he w p]ceive a sp>k on approa*+ ea* ( !m ) 8 knuckle4 #b4 ,b if ! p]sons on wax t\* "o ano!r dur+ ! excit+ ( ! tube1 nei!r ( !m w appe> to be electris$4 #c4 ,if !y t\* "o ano!r aft] excit+ ! tube1 & draw+ ! fire z a=esaid1 !re w be a /rong] sp>k betwe5 !m1 ?an 0 betwe5 ei!r ( !m & ! p]son on ! floor4 #d4 ,aft] su* /rong sp>k1 nei!r ( !m discov] any electricity4 ,^! appe>ances we attempt to acc\nt = ?us4 ,we suppose z a=esaid1 t electrical fire is a common elem5t1 ( :i* e "o ( ! ?ree p]sons abovem5tion$ has 8 equal %>e1 be=e any op]ation is begun ) ! ,tube4 ,a1 :o /&s on wax & rubs ! tube collects ! electrical fire f himself into ! glass2 & 8 communication ) ! common /ock be+ cut (f by ! wax1 8 body is n aga9 imm$iately supply'd4 ,b1 7:o /&s on wax likewise7 pass+ 8 knuckle along ne> ! tube1 receives ! fire :i* 0 collect$ by ! glass f ,a2 & 8 communication ) ! common /ock be+ likewise cut (f1 he reta9s ! additional quantity receiv$4--,to ,c1 /&+ on ! floor1 bo? appe> to be electris$3 = he hav+ only ! middle quantity ( electrical fire1 receives a sp>k ^u approa*+ ,b1 :o has an ov] quantity2 b gives "o to ,a1 :o has an "u quantity4 ,if ,a & ,b approa* to t\* ea* o!r1 ! sp>k is /rong]1 because ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m is great]2 aft] su* t\* !re is no sp>k betwe5 ei!r ( !m & ,c1 because ! electrical fire 9 all is r$uc$ to ! orig9al equality4 ,if !y t\* :ile electris+1 ! equality is nev] de/roy'd1 ! fire only circulat+4 ,h5ce h aris5 "s new t]ms among u3 we say1 ,b1 7& bodies l circum/anc$7 is electris$ positively2 ,a1 negatively4 ,or r1 ,b is electris$ plus2 ,a1 m9us4 ,& we daily 9 our exp]im5ts electrise bodies plus or m9us z we ?9k prop]4--,to electrise plus or m9us1 no m ne$s to be kn[n ?an ?is1 t ! p>ts ( ! tube or sph]e t are rubb$1 d1 9 ! in/ant ( ! friction attract ! electrical fire1 & !re=e take x f ! ?+ rubb+3 ! same p>ts imm$iately1 z ! friction ^u !m ceases1 are dispos$ to give ! fire !y h receiv$1 to any body t has less4 ,?us y may circulate x1 z ,mr ,watson has %ewn2 y may also accumulate or sub/ract x ^u or f any body1 z y connect t body ) ! rubb] or ) ! receiv]1 ! communication ) ! common /ock be+ cut (f4 ,we ?9k t +5i\s g5tleman 0 deceiv$1 :5 he imag9$ 79 8 ,sequel7 t ! electrical fire came d[n ! wire f ! ciel+ to ! gun-b>rel1 !nce to ! sph]e1 & s electris$ ! ma*9e & ! man turn+ ! :eel1 c4 ,we suppose x 0 driv5 (f1 & n br\ght on ?ro' t wire2 & t ! ma*9e & man1 c4 7 electris$ m9us2 i4 e4 _h less electrical fire 9 !m ?an ?+s 9 common4 ,z ! vessel is j ^u sail+1 ,i _c give y s l>ge an acc\nt ( ,am]ican ,electricity z ,i int5d$3 ,i %all only m5tion a few p>ticul>s m4--,we f9d granulat$ lead bett] to fill ! phial )1 ?an wat]1 be+ easily w>m$1 & keep+ w>m & dry 9 damp air4--,we fire spirits ) ! wire ( ! phial4--,we light c&les1 j bl[n out1 by draw+ a sp>k among ! smoke betwe5 ! wire & snuff]s4--,we repres5t lightn+1 by pass+ ! wire 9 ! d>k ov] a *9a plate t has gilt fl[]s1 or apply+ x to gilt frames ( look+-glasses1 c4--,we electrise a p]son tw5ty or m times runn+1 ) a t\* ( ! f+] on ! wire1 ?us3 ,he /&s on wax4 ,give him ! electris$ bottle 9 8 h&4 ,t\* ! wire ) y\r f+]1 & !n t\* 8 h& or face2 !re are sp>ks e "t4--,we encrease ! =ce ( ! electrical kiss va/ly1 ?us3 ,let ,a & ,b /& on wax2 give "o ( !m ! electris$ phial 9 h&2 let ! o!r take hold ( ! wire2 !re w be a small sp>k2 b :5 _! lips approa*1 !y w be /ruck & %ock'd4 ,! same if ano!r g5tleman & lady1 ,c & ,d1 /&+ also on wax1 & jo9+ h&s ) ,a & ,b1 salute1 or %ake h&s4--,we susp5d by f9e silk ?read a c\nt]feit spid]1 made ( a small piece ( burnt cork1 ) legs ( l9n5 ?read1 & a gra9 or two ( lead /uck 9 him to give him m weight4 ,^u ! table1 ov] :i* he hangs1 we /ick a wire upright z high z ! phial & wire1 two or ?ree in*es f ! spid]2 !n we animate him by sett+ ! electrifi$ phial at ! same di/ance on ! o!r side ( him2 he w imm$iately fly to ! wire ( ! phial1 b5d 8 legs 9 t\*+ x1 !n spr+ (f1 & fly to ! wire 9 ! table2 !nce aga9 to ! wire ( ! phial1 play+ ) 8 legs aga9/ bo? 9 a v ent]ta9+ mann]1 appe>+ p]fectly alive to p]sons unacqua9t$4 ,he w cont9ue ?is motion an h\r or m 9 dry wea!r4--,we electrify1 ^u wax 9 ! d>k1 a book t has a d\ble l9e ( gold r\nd ^u ! cov]s1 & !n apply a knuckle to ! gild+2 ! fire appe>s e :]e ^u ! gold l a fla% ( lightn+3 n ^u ! lea!r1 nor1 if y t\* ! lea!r in/ead ( ! gold4 ,we rub our tubes ) bucksk91 & obs]ve always to keep ! same side to ! tube1 & nev] to sully ! tube by h&l+2 ?us !y "w readily & easily1 )\t ! lea/ fatigue2 especially if kept 9 tight pa/bo>d cases1 l9$ ) flannel1 & fitt+ closeto ! tube4#b--,?is ,i m5tion because ! ,european pap]s1 on ,electricity1 frequ5tly speak ( rubb+ ! tube1 z a fatigu+ ex]cise4 ,our sph]es are fix$ on iron axes1 :i* pass ?r\gh !m4 ,at "o end ( ! axis !re is a small h&le1 ) :i* we turn ! sph]e l a common gr9d/one4 ,?is we f9d v commodi\s1 z ! ma*9e takes up b little room1 is portable1 & may be enclos$ 9 a tight box1 :5 n 9 use4 ',tis true1 ! sph]e does n turn s swift1 z :5 ! great :eel is us$3 b swiftness we ?9k ( little importance1 s9ce a few turns w *>ge ! phial1 c4 suffici5tly4 ,i am1 c4 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,illu/ration ,,lett] ,,iii4 ,,f ,mr ,,b5j4 ,,frankl91 9 ,philadelphia4 ,,to ,mr ,,pet] ,,coll9son1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,london4 ,f>!r ,,exp]im5ts & ,,obs]vations 9 ,,electricity4 #agdh4 ,,sir1 #a4 ,!re w be ! same explosion & %ock1 if ! electrifi$ phial is held 9 "o h& by ! hook1 & ! coat+ t\*'d ) ! o!r1 z :5 held by ! coat+1 & t\*'d at ! hook4 #b4 ,to take ! *>g'd phial safely by ! hook1 & n at ! same "t dim9i% its =ce1 x mu/ fir/ be set d[n on an electric p] se4 #c4 ,! phial w be electrifi$ z /rongly1 if held by ! hook1 & ! coat+ apply'd to ! globe or tube2 z :5 held by ! coat+1 & ! hook apply'd4 #d4 ,b ! direction ( ! electrical fire be+ diff]5t 9 ! *>g+1 w also be diff]5t 9 ! explosion4 ,! bottle *>g$ ?ro' ! hook1 w be dis*>g$ ?ro' ! hook2 ! bottle *>g$ ?ro' ! coat+1 w be dis*>g$ ?ro' ! coat+1 & n o!r ways3 = ! fire mu/ come out ! same way x w5t 94 #e4 ,to prove ?is2 take two bottles t 7 equally *>g$ ?ro' ! hooks1 "o 9 ea* h&2 br+ _! hooks ne> ea* o!r1 & no sp>k or %ock w foll[2 because ea* hook is dispos$ to give fire1 & nei!r to receive x4 ,set "o ( ! bottles d[n on glass1 take x up by ! hook1 & apply its coat+ to ! hook ( ! o!r2 !n !re w be an explosion & %ock1 & bo? bottles w be dis*>g$4 #f4 ,v>y ! exp]im5t1 by *>g+ two phials equally1 "o ?ro' ! hook1 ! o!r ?ro' ! coat+3 hold t by ! coat+ :i* 0 *>g$ ?ro' ! hook2 & t by ! hook :i* 0 *>g'd ?ro' ! coat+3 apply ! hook ( ! fir/ to ! coat+ ( ! o!r1 & !re w be no %ock or sp>k4 ,set t d[n on glass :i* y held by ! hook1 take x up by ! coat+1 & br+ ! two hooks toge!r3 a sp>k & %ock w foll[1 & bo? phials be dis*>g$4 ,9 ?is exp]im5t ! bottles are totally dis*>g$1 or ! equilibrium )9 !m re/or$4 ,! ab\nd+ ( fire 9 "o ( ! hooks 7or r 9 ! int]nal surface ( "o bottle7 be+ exactly equal to ! want+ ( ! o!r3 & !re=e1 z ea* bottle has 9 itself ! ab\nd+ z well z ! want+1 ! want+ & ab\nd+ mu/ be equal 9 ea* bottle4 ,see 4 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa4 ,b if a man holds 9 8 h&s two bottles1 "o fully electrify'd1 ! o!r n at all1 & br+s _! hooks toge!r1 he has b half a %ock1 & ! bottles w bo? rema9 half electrifi$1 ! "o be+ half dis*>g$1 & ! o!r half *>g$4 #g4 ,place two phials equally *>g$ on a table at five or six in*es di/ance4 ,let a cork-ball1 susp5d$ by a silk ?read1 hang betwe5 !m4 ,if ! phials 7 bo? *>g$ ?r\gh _! hooks1 ! cork1 :5 x has be5 attract$ & repell'd by ! "o1 w n be attract$1 b equally repell$ by ! o!r4 ,b if ! phials 7 *>g$1 ! "o ?r\gh ! hook1 & ! o!r#c ?r\gh ! coat+1 ! ball1 :5 x is repell$ f "o hook1 w be z /rongly attract$ by ! o!r1 & play vigor\sly betwe5 !m1 'till bo? phials are ne>ly dis*>g$4 #h4 ,:5 we use ! t]ms ( *>g+ & dis*>g+ ! phial1 'tis 9 compliance ) cu/om1 & = want ( o!rs m suitable4 ,s9ce we are ( op9ion1 t !re is really no m electrical fire 9 ! phial aft] :at is call$ its *>g+1 ?an be=e1 nor less aft] its dis*>g+2 except+ only ! small sp>k t might be giv5 to1 & tak5 f1 ! non-electric matt]1 if sep>at$ f ! bottle1 :i* sp>k may n be equal to a five hundr$? "p ( :at is call$ ! explosion4 ,= if1 on ! explosion1 ! electrical fire came out ( ! bottle by "o "p1 & did n ent] 9 aga9 by ano!r2 !n1 if a man /&+ on wax1 & hold+ ! bottle 9 "o h&1 takes ! sp>k by t\*+ ! wire hook ) ! o!r1 ! bottle be+ !reby dis*>g$1 ! man w\ld be *>g$2 or :atev] fire 0 lo/ by "o1 w\ld be f\nd 9 ! o!r1 s9ce !re is no way = its escape3 ,b ! contr>y is true4 #i4 ,besides ! phial w n suff] :at is call$ a *>g+1 unless z mu* fire c g out ( x "o way1 z is ?r[n 9 by ano!r4 ,a phial _c be *>g$ /&+ on wax or glass1 or hang+ on ! prime conductor1 unless a communication be =m'd betwe5 its coat+ & ! floor4 #aj4 ,b susp5d two or m phials on ! prime conductor1 "o hang+ to ! tail ( ! o!r2 & a wire f ! la/ to ! floor1 an equal numb] ( turns ( ! :eel %all *>ge !m all equally1 & e "o z mu* z "o alone w\ld h be54 ,:at is driv5 out at ! tail ( ! fir/1 s]v+ to *>ge ! second2 :at is driv5 out ( ! second *>g+ ! ?ird2 & s on4 ,by ?is means a great numb] ( bottles might be *>g$ ) ! same lab\r1 & equally high1 ) "o alone1 7 x n t e bottle receives new fire1 & loses its old ) "s reluctance1 or r gives "s small resi/ance to ! *>g+1 :i* 9 a numb] ( bottles becomes m equal to ! *>g+ p[]1 & s repels ! fire back aga9 on ! globe1 soon] ?an a s+le bottle w\ld d4 #aa4 ,:5 a bottle is *>g$ 9 ! common way1 its inside & outside surfaces /& ready1 ! "o to give fire by ! hook1 ! o!r to receive x by ! coat+2 ! "o is full1 & ready to ?r[ out1 ! o!r empty & extremely hungry2 yet z ! fir/ w n give out1 unless ! o!r c at ! same in/ant receive 92 s nei!r w ! latt] receive 91 unless ! fir/ c at ! same in/ant give out4 ,:5 bo? c be done at once1 'tis done ) inconceivable quickness & viol5ce4 #ab4 ,s a /rait spr+ 7?o' ! comp>ison does n agree 9 e p>ticul>7 :5 =cibly b5t1 mu/1 to re/ore itself1 contract t side :i* 9 ! b5d+ 0 ext5d$1 & ext5d t :i* 0 contract$2 if ei!r ( ^! two op]ations be h9d]$1 ! o!r _c be done4 ,b ! spr+ is n said to be *>g'd ) ela/icity :5 b5t1 & dis*>g'd :5 unb5t2 its quantity ( ela/icity is always ! same4 #ac4 ,glass1 9 l mann]1 has1 )9 its sub/ance1 always ! same quantity ( electrical fire1 & t a v great quantity 9 proportion to ! mass ( glass1 z %all be %ewn h]eaft]4 #ad4 ,?is quantity1 proportion$ to ! glass1 x /rongly & ob/9ately reta9s1 & w h nei!r m nor less1 ?\gh x w suff] a *ange to be made 9 its p>ts & situation2 i4 e4 we may take away "p ( x f "o ( ! sides1 provid$ we ?r[ an equal quantity into ! o!r4 #ae4 ,yet :5 ! situation ( ! electrical fire is ?us alt]$ 9 ! glass2 :5 "s has be5 tak5 f "o side1 & "s add$ to ! o!r1 x w n be at re/ or 9 its natural /ate1 till 'tis re/or$ to its orig9al equality4--,& ?is re/itution _c be made ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( ! glass1 b mu/ be done by a non-electric communication =m$ )\t1 f surface to surface4 #af4 ,?us1 ! :ole =ce ( ! bottle1 & p[] ( giv+ a %ock1 is 9 ! ,,glass ,,itself2 ! non-electrics 9 contact ) ! two surfaces1 s]v+ only to give & receive to & f ! sev]al p>ts ( ! glass2 t is1 to give on "o side1 & take away f ! o!r4 #ag4 ,?is 0 discov]$ "h 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,purpos+ to analyse ! electrifi$ bottle1 9 ord] to f9d :]e9 its /r5g? lay1 we plac$ x on glass1 & drew out ! cork & wire :i* = t purpose _h be5 loosely put 94 ,!n tak+ ! bottle 9 "o h&1 & br++ a f+] ( ! o!r ne> its m\?1 a /rong sp>k came f ! wat]1 & ! %ock 0 z viol5t z if ! wire _h rema9$ 9 x1 :i* %ew$ t ! =ce did n lie 9 ! wire4 ,!n to f9d if x resid$ 9 ! wat]1 be+ cr\d$ into & cond5s$ 9 x1 z connfi'd by ! glass1 :i* _h be5 our =m] op9ion1 we electrify'd ! bottle aga91 & plac+ x on glass1 drew out ! wire & cork z be=e2 !n tak+ up ! bottle we decant$ all its wat] into an empty bottle1 :i* likewise /ood on glass2 & tak+ up t o!r bottle1 we expect$ if ! =ce resid$ 9 ! wat]1 to f9d a %ock f x2 b !re 0 none4 ,we judg$ !n1 t x mu/ ei!r be lo/ 9 decant+1 or rema9 9 ! fir/ bottle4 ,! latt] we f\nd to be true3 = t bottle on trial gave ! %ock1 ?\gh fill$ up z x /ood ) fre% unelectrifi$ wat] f a tea-pot4--,to f9d !n1 :e!r glass _h ?is prop]ty m]ely z glass1 or :e!r ! =m contribut$ any ?+ to x2 we took a pane ( sa%-glass1 & lay+ x on ! /&1 plac$ a plate ( lead on its upp] surface2 !n electrify'd t plate1 & br++ a f+] to x1 !re 0 a sp>k & %ock4 ,we !n took two plates ( lead ( equal dim5sions1 b less ?an ! glass by two in*es e way1 & electrifi$ ! glass betwe5 !m1 by electrify+ ! upp]mo/ lead2 !n sep>at$ ! glass f ! lead1 9 do+ :i*1 :at little fire might be 9 ! lead 0 tak5 out & ! glass be+ t\*$ 9 ! electrifi$ p>ts ) a f+]1 af=d$ only v small prick+ sp>ks1 b a great numb] ( !m might be tak5 f diff]5t places4 ,!n dext]\sly plac+ x aga9 betwe5 ! lead5 plates1 & compleat+ a circle betwe5 ! two surfaces1 a viol5t %ock ensu$4--,:i* demon/rat$ ! p[] to reside 9 glass z glass1 & t ! non-electrics 9 contact s]v$ only1 l ! armature ( a load/one1 to unite ! =ce ( ! sev]al p>ts1 & br+ !m at once to any po9t desir$3 x be+ a prop]ty ( a non-electric1 t ! :ole body in/antly receives or gives :at electrical fire is giv5 to or tak5 f any "o ( its p>ts4 #ah4 ,^u ?is1 we made :at we call'd an electrical-batt]y1 consi/+ ( elev5 panes ( l>ge sa%-glass1 arm'd ) ?9 lead5 plates pa/$ on ea* side1 plac$ v]tically1 & support$ at two in*es di/ance on silk cords1 ) ?ick hooks ( lead5 wire1 "o f ea* side1 /&+ upright1 di/ant f ea* o!r1 & conv5i5t communications ( wire & *a91 f ! giv+ side ( "o pane1 to ! receiv+ side ( ! o!r2 t s ! :ole might be *>g$ toge!r1 & ) ! same lab\r z "o s+le pane2 & ano!r contrivance to br+ ! giv+ sides1 aft] *>g+1 9 contact ) "o long wire1 & ! receiv]s ) ano!r1 :i* two long wires w\ld give ! =ce ( all ! plates ( glass at once ?r\gh ! body ( any animal =m+ ! circle ) !m4 ,! plates may also be dis*>g$ sep>ately1 or any numb] toge!r t is requir$4 ,b ?is ma*9e is n mu* us$1 z n p]fectly answ]+ our int5tion ) reg>d to ! ease ( *>g+1 = ! reason giv5 #aj4 ,we made also ( l>ge glass panes1 magical pictures1 & self-mov+ animat$ :eels1 pres5tly to be describ$4 #ai4 ,i p]ceive by ! +5i\s ,mr ,watson's la/ book1 lately receiv$1 t ,dr ,bevis _h us$1 be=e we _h1 panes ( glass to give a %ock2 ?\gh1 till t book came to h&1 ,i ?\ght to h communicat$ x to y z a novelty4 ,! excuse = m5tion+ x "h1 is1 t we tri$ ! exp]im5t diff]5tly1 drew diff]5t consequ5ces f x1 7= ,mr ,watson /ill seems to ?9k ! fire accumulat$ on ! non-electric t is 9 contact ) ! glass1 page #gb7 &1 z f> z we hi!rto "k1 h c>ri$ x f>!r4 #bj4 ,! magical picture is made ?us4 ,hav+ a l>ge metzot9to ) a frame & glass1 suppose ( ! ,,k+1 7,god pres]ve him7 take out ! pr9t1 & cut a pannel out ( x1 ne> two in*es di/ant f ! frame all r\nd4 ,if ! cut is ?r\gh ! picture 'tis n ! worse4 ,) ?9 pa/e or gum-wat]1 fix ! bord] t is cut (f on ! inside ( ! glass1 press+ x smoo? & close2 !n fill up ! vacancy by gild+ ! glass well ) leaf gold or brass4 ,gild likewise ! inn] edge ( ! back ( ! frame all r\nd except ! top "p1 & =m a communication betwe5 t gild+ & ! gild+ beh9d ! glass3 !n put 9 ! bo>d1 & t side is f9i%$4 ,turn up ! glass1 & gild ! =e side exactly ov] ! back gild+1 & :5 x is dry1 cov] x by pa/+ on ! pannel ( ! picture t _h be5 cut out1 obs]v+ to br+ ! correspond+ p>ts ( ! bord] & picture toge!r1 by :i* ! picture w appe> ( a piece z at fir/1 only "p is beh9d ! glass1 & "p be=e4--,hold ! picture horizontally by ! top1 & place a little moveable gilt cr[n on ! k+'s-head4 ,if n[ ! picture be mod]ately electrifi$1 & ano!r p]son take hold ( ! frame ) "o h&1 s t 8 f+]s t\* its inside gild+1 & ) ! o!r h& endeav\r to take (f ! cr[n1 he w receive a t]rible bl[1 & fail 9 ! attempt4 ,if ! picture 7 highly *>g$1 ! consequ5ce might p]haps be z fatal z t ( high-treason2 = :5 ! sp>k is tak5 ?r\gh a quire ( pap] laid on ! picture1 by means ( a wire communication1 x makes a fair hole ?r\gh e %eet1 t is1 ?r\gh #dh leaves1 7?\gh a quire ( pap] is ?\ght good arm\r aga9/ ! pu% ( a sword or ev5 aga9/ a pi/ol bullet7 & ! crack is exce$+ l\d4 ,! op]ator1 :o holds ! picture by ! upp]-end1 :]e ! inside ( ! frame is n gilt1 to prev5t its fall+1 feels no?+ ( ! %ock1 & may t\* ! face ( ! picture )\t dang]1 :i* he pret5ds is a te/ ( 8 loyalty4--,if a r+ ( p]sons take ! %ock among !m1 ! exp]im5t is call$1 ,! ,conspirators4 #ba4 ,on ! pr9ciple1 9 #g1 t hooks ( bottles1 diff]5tly *>g$1 w attract & repel diff]5tly1 is made1 an electrical :eel1 t turns ) consid]able /r5g?4 ,a small upright %aft ( wood passes at "r angles ?r\gh a ?9 r\nd bo>d1 ( ab\t twelve in*es diamet]1 & turns on a %>p po9t ( iron fix$ 9 ! l[] end1 :ile a /rong wire 9 ! upp]-end pass+ ?ro' a small hole 9 a ?9 brass plate1 keeps ! %aft truly v]tical4 ,ab\t ?irty radii ( equal l5g?1 made ( sa% glass cut 9 n>r[ /rips1 issue horizontally f ! circumf]5ce ( ! bo>d1 ! ends mo/ di/ant f ! c5t] be+ ab\t f\r in*es ap>t4 ,on ! end ( e "o1 a brass ?imble is fix$4 ,if n[ ! wire ( a bottle electrifi$ 9 ! common way1 be br\ght ne> ! circumf]5ce ( ?is :eel1 x w attract ! ne>e/ ?imble1 & s put ! :eel 9 motion2 t ?imble1 9 pass+ by1 receives a sp>k1 & !reby be+ electrifi$ is repell$ & s driv5 =w>ds2 :ile a second be+ attract$1 approa*es ! wire1 receives a sp>k1 & is driv5 aft] ! fir/1 & s on till ! :eel has gone once r\nd1 :5 ! ?imbles be=e electrifi$ approa*+ ! wire1 in/ead ( be+ attract$ z !y 7 at fir/1 are repell$1 & ! motion pres5tly ceases4--,b if ano!r bottle :i* _h be5 *>g$ ?r\gh ! coat+ be plac$ ne> ! same :eel1 its wire w attract ! ?imble repell$ by ! fir/1 & !reby d\ble ! =ce t c>ries ! :eel r\nd2 & n only tak+ out ! fire t _h be5 communicat$ to ! ?imbles by ! fir/ bottle1 b ev5 robb+ !m ( _! natural quantity1 in/ead ( be+ repell$ :5 !y come aga9 t[>ds ! fir/ bottle1 !y are m /rongly attract$1 s t ! :eel m5ds its pace1 till x goes ) great rapidity twelve or fifte5 r\nds 9 a m9ute1 & ) su* /r5g?1 z t ! weight ( "o hundr$ ,spani% doll>s ) :i* we once load$ x1 did n seem 9 ! lea/ to ret>d its motion4--,?is is call$ an electrical jack2 & if a l>ge f[l 7 spitt$ on ! upright %aft1 x w\ld be c>ri$ r\nd be=e a fire ) a motion fit = roa/+4 #bb4 ,b ?is :eel1 l ^? driv5 by w9d1 wat]1 or weights1 moves by a =eign =ce1 to wit1 t ( ! bottles4 ,! self-mov+ :eel1 ?\gh con/ruct$ on ! same pr9ciples1 appe>s m surpris+4 ',tis made ( a ?9 r\nd plate ( w9d[-glass1 sev5te5 in*es diamet]1 well gilt on bo? sides1 all b two in*es next ! edge4 ,two small hemisph]es ( wood are !n fix$ ) cem5t to ! middle ( ! upp] & "u sides1 c5trally opposite1 & 9 ea* ( !m a ?ick /rong wire eight or t5 in*es long1 :i* toge!r make ! axis ( ! :eel4 ,x turns horizontally on a po9t at ! l[] end ( its ,axis1 :i* re/s on a bit ( brass cem5t$ )9 a glass salt-cell]4 ,! upp] end ( its axis passes ?ro' a hole 9 a ?9 brass plate cem5t$ to a long /rong piece ( glass1 :i* keeps x six or eight in*es di/ant f any non-electric1 & has a small ball ( wax or metal on its top to keep 9 ! fire4 ,9 a circle on ! table :i* supports ! :eel1 are fix$ twelve small pill>s ( glass1 at ab\t f\r in*es di/ance1 ) a ?imble on ! top ( ea*4 ,on ! edge ( ! :eel is a small lead5 bullet communicat+ by a wire ) ! gild+ ( ! upp] surface ( ! :eel2 & ab\t six in*es f x is ano!r bullet communicat+ 9 l mann] ) ! "u surface4 ,:5 ! :eel is to be *>g$ by ! upp] surface1 a communication mu/ be made f ! "u surface to ! table4 ,:5 x is well *>g'd x beg9s to move2 ! bullet ne>e/ to a pill> moves t[>ds ! ?imble on t pill>1 & pass+ by electrifies x & !n pu%es itself f x2 ! succe$+ bullet1 :i* communicates ) ! o!r surface ( ! glass1 m /rongly attracts t ?imble on acc\nt ( its be+ be=e electrifi$ by ! o!r bullet2 & ?us ! :eel encreases its motion till x comes to su* a height z t ! resi/ance ( ! air regulates x4 ,x w g half an h\r1 & make "o m9ute ) ano!r tw5ty turns 9 a m9ute1 :i* is six hundr$ turns 9 ! :ole2 ! bullet ( ! upp] surface giv+ 9 ea* turn twelve sp>ks1 to ! ?imbles1 :i* make sev5 ?\s& two hundr$ sp>ks2 & ! bullet ( ! "u surface receiv+ z _m f ! ?imbles2 ^? bullets mov+ 9 ! "t ne> two ?\s& five hundr$ feet4--,! ?imbles are well fix$1 & 9 s exact a circle1 t ! bullets may pass )9 a v small di/ance ( ea* ( !m4--,if in/ead ( two bullets y put eight1 f\r communicat+ ) ! upp] surface1 & f\r ) ! "u surface1 plac$ alt]nately2 :i* eight1 at ab\t six in*es di/ance1 compleats ! circumf]5ce1 ! =ce & swiftness w be greatly increas$1 ! :eel mak+ fifty turns 9 a m9ute2 b !n x w n cont9ue mov+ s long4--,^! :eels may be appli$1 p]haps1 to ! r++ ( *imes1 & mov+ ( light-made ,orr]ies4 #bc4 ,a small wire b5t circul>ly ) a loop at ea* end2 let "o end re/ aga9/ ! "u surface ( ! :eel1 & br+ ! o!r end ne> ! upp] surface1 x w give a t]rible crack1 & ! =ce w be dis*>g$4 #bd4 ,e sp>k 9 t mann] drawn f ! surface ( ! :eel1 makes a r\nd hole 9 ! gild+1 te>+ (f a "p ( x 9 com+ out2 :i* %ews t ! fire is n accumulat$ on ! gild+1 b is 9 ! glass itself4 #be4 ,! gild+ be+ v>ni%'d ov] ) turp5t9e v>ni%1 ! v>ni% ?o' dry & h>d1 is burnt by ! sp>k drawn ?ro' x1 & gives a /rong smell & visible smoke4 ,& :5 ! sp>k is drawn ?r\gh pap]1 all r\nd ! hole made by x1 ! pap] w be black$ by ! smoke1 :i* sometimes p5etrates sev]al ( ! leaves4 ,"p ( ! gild+ torn (f1 is also f\nd =cibly driv5 into ! hole made 9 ! pap] by ! /roke4 #bf4 ',tis amaz+ to obs]ve 9 h[ small a portion ( glass a great electrical =ce may lie4 ,a ?9 glass bubble1 ab\t an in* diamet]1 weigh+ only six gra9s1 be+ half-fill$ ) wat]1 p>tly gilt on ! outside1 & furni%'d ) a wire hook1 gives1 :5 electrifi$1 z great a %ock z a man c well be>4 ,z ! glass is ?icke/ ne> ! orifice1 ,i suppose ! l[] half1 :i* be+ gilt 0 electrifi$1 & gave ! %ock1 did n exce$ two gra9s2 = x appe>$1 :5 broke1 mu* ?9n] ?an ! upp] half4--,if "o ( ^! ?9 bottles be electrifi$ by ! coat+1 & ! sp>k tak5 out ?ro' ! gild+1 x w break ! glass inw>ds at ! same "t t x breaks ! gild+ outw>ds4 #bg4 ,& all[+ 7= ! reasons be=e giv51 #h1 #i1 #aj17 t !re is no m electrical fire 9 a bottle aft] *>g+1 ?an be=e1 h[ great mu/ be ! quantity 9 ?is small portion ( glass6 ,x seems z if x 7 ( its v sub/ance & ess5ce4 ,p]haps if t due quantity ( electrical fire s ob/9ately reta9$ by glass1 c\ld be sep>at$ f x1 x w\ld no long] be glass2 x might lose its transp>5cy1 or its brittl5ess1 or its ela/icity4--,exp]im5ts may possibly be inv5t$ h]eaft]1 to discov] ?is4 #bg4 ,we are surpriz$ at ! acc\nt giv5 9 ,mr ,watson's book1 ( a %ock communicat$ ?r\gh a great space ( dry gr\nd1 & suspect !re mu/ be "s metal9e quality 9 ! gravel ( t gr\nd2 hav+ f\nd t simple dry e>?1 ramm$ 9 a glass tube1 op5 at bo? ends1 & a wire hook ins]t$ 9 ! e>? at ea* end1 ! e>? & wires mak+ "p ( a circle1 w\ld n conduct ! lea/ p]ceptible %ock1 & inde$ :5 "o wire 0 electrify'd1 ! o!r h>dly %[$ any signs ( its be+ 9 connection ) x4--,ev5 a ?or\ghly wet pack-?read sometimes fails ( conduct+ a %ock1 ?o' x o!rwise conducts electricity v well4 ,a dry cake ( ice1 or an icicle held betwe5 two 9 a circle1 likewise prev5ts ! %ock2 :i* "o w\ld n expect1 z wat] conducts x s p]fectly well4--,gild+ on a new book1 ?\gh at fir/ x conducts ! %ock extremely well1 yet fails aft] t5 or a doz5 exp]im5ts1 ?\gh x appe>s o!rwise 9 all respects ! same1 :i* we _c acc\nt =4 #bh4 ,!re is "o exp]im5t m :i* surprizes u1 & is n hi!rto satisfactorily acc\nt$ =2 x is ?is4 ,place an iron %ot on a glass /&1 & let a ball ( damp cork1 susp5d$ by a silk ?read1 hang 9 contact ) ! %ot4 ,take a bottle 9 ea* h&1 "o t is electrify'd ?r\gh ! hook1 ! o!r ?r\gh ! coat+3 ,apply ! giv+ wire to ! %ot1 :i* w electrify x positively1 & ! cork %all be repell$3 ,!n apply ! requir+ wire1 :i* w take out ! sp>k giv5 by ! o!r2 :5 ! cork w return to ! %ot3 ,apply ! same aga91 & take out ano!r sp>k1 s w ! %ot be electrify'd negatively2 & ! cork 9 t case %all be repell$ equally z be=e4 ,!n apply ! giv+ wire to ! %ot1 & give ! sp>k x want$1 s w ! cork return3 ,give x ano!r1 :i* w be an addition to its natural quantity1 s w ! cork be repell$ aga93 ,& s may ! exp]im5t be repeat$ z long z !re is any *>ge 9 ! bottles4 ,:i* %ews t bodies hav+ less ?an ! common quantity ( ,electricity1 repel ea* o!r1 z well z ^? t h m4 ,*agr9$ a little t we h hi!rto be5 able to produce no?+ 9 ?is way ( use to mank9d2 & ! hot wea!r com+ on1 :5 electrical exp]im5ts are n s agreeable1 'tis propos$ to put an end to !m = ?is season1 some:at humor\sly1 9 a p>ty ( pleasure1 on ! banks ( ,skuylkill4#d ,spirits1 at ! same "t1 are to be fir$ by a sp>k s5t f side to side ?r\gh ! riv]1 )\t any o!r conductor ?an ! wat]2 an exp]im5t :i* we "s "t s9ce p]=m$1 to ! amazem5t ( _m4 ,a turkey is to be kill$ = our d9n] by ! electrical %ock1 & roa/$ by ! electrical jack1 be=e a fire k9dl$ by ! electrifi$ bottle2 :5 ! heal?s ( all ! fam\s electricians 9 ,engl&1 ,holl&1 ,france1 & ,g]many1 are to be drank 9 #e;electrifi$ bump]s1 "u ! dis*>ge ( guns f ! electrical batt]y4 ,april #bi1 #agdi4 ,illu/ration ,,lett] ,,iv4 ,,conta9+ ,,obs]vations & ,,suppositions1 t[>ds =m+ a new ,,hypo!sis1 = expla9+ ! sev]al ,phnom5a ( ,,?und]-,,gu/s4#f ,,sir1 4 #a4 ,non-electric bodies1 t h electric fire ?r[n into !m1 w reta9 x 'till o!r non-electrics1 t h less1 approa*2 & !n 'tis communicat$ by a snap1 & becomes equally divid$4 #b4 ,electrical fire loves wat]1 is /rongly attract$ by x1 & !y c subsi/ toge!r4 #c4 ,air is an electric p] se1 & :5 dry w n conduct ! electrical fire2 x w nei!r receive x1 nor give x to o!r bodies2 o!rwise no body surr\nd$ by air c\ld be electrifi$ positively & negatively3 = %\ld x be attempt$ positively1 ! air w\ld imm$iately take away ! ov]plus2 or negatively1 ! air w\ld supply :at 0 want+4 #d4 ,wat] be+ electrifi$1 ! vap\rs aris+ f x w be equally electrifi$2 & float+ 9 ! air1 9 ! =m ( cl\ds1 or o!rwise1 w reta9 t quantity ( electrical fire1 till !y meet ) o!r cl\ds or bodies n s mu* electrifi$1 & !n w communicate z be=em5tion$4 #e4 ,e p>ticle ( matt] electrifi$ is repell$ by e o!r p>ticle equally electrifi$4 ,?us ! /ream ( a f\nta91 naturally d5se & cont9ual1 :5 electrifi$1 w sep>ate & spread 9 ! =m ( a bru%1 e drop endeav\r+ to rec$e f e o!r drop4 ,b on tak+ out ! electrical fire1 !y close aga94 #f4 ,wat] be+ /rongly electrifi$ 7z well z :5 heat$ by common fire7 rises 9 vap\rs m copi\sly2 ! attraction ( cohesion among its p>ticles be+ greatly weak5$1 by ! opposite p[] ( repulsion introduc$ ) ! electrical fire2 & :5 any p>ticle is by any means dis5gag$1 'tis imm$iately repell$1 & s flies into ! air4 #g4 ,p>ticles happ5+ to be situat$ z ,a & ,b1 are m easily dis5gag$ ?an ,c & ,d1 z ea* is held by contact ) ?ree only1 :]eas ,c & ,d are ea* 9 contact ) n9e4 ,:5 ! surface ( wat] has ! lea/ motion1 p>ticles are cont9ually pu%$ into ! situation repres5t$ by ,,fig4 #f4 #h4 ,friction betwe5 a non-electric & an electric p] se1 w produce electrical fire2 n by creat+1 b collect+ x3 = x is equally diffus$ 9 our walls1 floors1 e>?1 & ! :ole mass ( common matt]4 ,?us ! :irl+ glass globe1 dur+ its friction aga9/ ! cu%ion1 draws fire f ! cu%ion1 ! cu%ion is suppli$ f ! frame ( ! ma*9e1 t f ! floor on :i* x /&s4 ,cut (f ! communication by ?ick glass or wax plac$ "u ! cu%ion1 & no fire c be produc$1 because x _c be collect$4 #i4 ,! ,ocean is a comp\nd ( wat]1 a non-electric1 & salt an electric p] se4 #aj4 ,:5 !re is a friction among ! p>ts ne> its surface1 ! electrical fire is collect$ f ! p>ts bel[4 ,x is !n pla9ly visible 9 ! night2 x appe>s at ! /]n & 9 ! wake ( e sail+ vessel2 e da% ( an o> %[s x1 & e surff & spray3 9 /orms ! :ole sea seems on fire4--,! deta*'d p>ticles ( wat] !n repell$ f ! electrifi$ surface1 cont9ually c>ry (f ! fire z x is collect$2 !y rise1 & =m cl\ds1 & ^? cl\ds are highly electrifi$1 & reta9 ! fire 'till !y h an opportunity ( communicat+ x4 #aa4 ,! p>ticles ( wat] ris+ 9 vap\rs1 atta* !mselves to p>ticles ( air4 #ab4 ,! p>ticles ( air are said to be h>d1 r\nd1 sep>ate & di/ant f ea* o!r2 e p>ticle /rongly repell+ e o!r p>ticle1 :]eby !y rec$e f ea* o!r1 z f> z common gravity w p]mit4 #ac4 ,! space betwe5 any ?ree p>ticles equally repell+ ea* o!r1 w be an equilat]al triangle4 #ad4 ,9 air compress$1 ^! triangles are small]2 9 r>ifi$ ,air !y are l>g]4 #ae4 ,common fire jo9$ ) air1 increases ! repulsion1 enl>ges ! triangles1 & !reby makes ! air specifically light]4 ,su* ,air among d5s] air1 w rise4 #af4 ,common fire1 z well z electrical fire gives repulsion to ! p>ticles ( wat]1 & de/roys _! attraction ( cohesion2 h5ce common fire1 z well z electrical fire1 assi/s 9 rais+ vap\rs4 #ag4 ,p>ticles ( wat]1 hav+ no fire 9 !m1 mutually attract ea* o!r4 ,?ree p>ticles ( wat] !n be+ atta*$ to ! ?ree p>ticles ( a triangle ( air1 w\ld by _! mutual attraction op]at+ aga9/ ! air's repulsion1 %ort5 ! sides & less5 ! triangle1 :]eby t portion ( air be+ made d5s]1 w\ld s9k to ! e>? ) its wat]1 & n rise to contribute to ! =mation ( a cl\d4 #ah4 ,b if e p>ticle ( wat] atta*+ itself to air1 br+s ) x a p>ticle ( common fire1 ! repulsion ( ! air be+ assi/$ & /r5g!n$ by ! fire1 m ?an ob/ruct$ by ! mutual attraction ( ! p>ticles ( wat]1 ! triangle dilates1 & t portion ( air becom+ r>] & specifically light] rises4 #ai4 ,if ! p>ticles ( wat] br+ electrical fire :5 !y atta* !mselves to air1 ! repulsion betwe5 ! p>ticles ( wat] electrifi$1 jo9s ) ! natural repulsion ( ! air1 to =ce its p>ticles to a great] di/ance1 :]eby ! triangles are dilat$1 & ! air rises1 c>ry+ up ) x ! wat]4 #bj4 ,if ! p>ticles ( wat] br+ ) !m portions ( bo? sorts ( fire1 ! repulsions ( ! p>ticles ( air is /ill m /r5g!n$ & increas$1 & ! triangles f>!r enl>g$4 #ba4 ,"o p>ticle ( air may be surr\nd$ by twelve p>ticles ( wat] ( equal size ) itself1 all 9 contact ) x2 & by m add$ to ^?4 #bb4 ,p>ticles ( air ?us load$ w\ld be drawn ne>] toge!r by ! mutual attraction ( ! p>ticles ( wat]1 did n ! fire1 common or electrical1 assi/ _! repulsion4 #bc4 ,if air ?us load$ be compress$ by adv]se w9ds1 or by be+ driv5 aga9/ m\nta9s1 c4 or cond5s$ by tak+ away ! fire t assi/$ x 9 exp&+2 ! triangles contract1 ! air ) its wat] w desc5d z a dew2 or1 if ! wat] surr\nd+ "o p>ticle ( air comes 9 contact ) ! wat] surr\nd+ ano!r1 !y coalesce & =m a drop1 & we h ra94 #bd4 ,! sun supplies 7or seems to supply7 common fire to all vap\rs1 :e!r rais$ f e>? or sea4 #be4 ,^? vap\rs :i* h bo? common & electrical fire 9 !m1 are bett] support$1 ?an ^? :i* h only common fire 9 !m4 ,= :5 vap\rs rise into ! colde/ region above ! e>?1 ! cold w n dim9i% ! electrical fire1 if x do? ! common4 #bf4 ,h5ce cl\ds =m$ by vap\rs rais$ f fre% wat]s )9 l&1 f gr[+ vegetables1 moi/ e>?1 c4 m spe$ily & easily deposite _! wat]1 hav+ b little electrical fire to repel & keep ! p>ticles sep>ate4 ,s t ! greate/ "p ( ! wat] rais$ f ! l& is let fall on ! l& aga92 & w9ds bl[+ f ! l& to ! sea are dry2 !re be+ little use = ra9 on ! sea1 & to rob ! l& ( its moi/ure1 9 ord] to ra9 on ! sea1 w\ld n appe> reasonable4 #bg4 ,b cl\ds =m$ by vap\rs rais$ f ! sea1 hav+ bo? fires1 & p>ticul>ly a great quantity ( ! electrical1 support _! wat] /rongly1 raise x high1 & be+ mov$ by w9ds may br+ x ov] ! middle ( ! broade/ cont95t f ! middle ( ! wide/ ocean4 #bh4 ,h[ ^! ocean cl\ds1 s /rongly support+ _! wat]1 are made to deposite x on ! l& :]e 'tis want$1 is next to be consid]$4 #bi4 ,if !y are driv5 by w9ds aga9/ m\nta9s1 ^? m\nta9s be+ less electrifi$ attract !m1 & on contact take away _! electrical fire 7& be+ cold1 ! common fire also27 h5ce ! p>ticles close t[>ds ! m\nta9s & t[>ds ea* o!r4 ,if ! air 0 n mu* load$1 x only falls 9 dews on ! m\nta9 tops & sides1 =ms spr+s1 & desc5ds to ! vales 9 rivulets1 :i* unit$ make l>g] /reams & riv]s4 ,if mu* load$1 ! electrical fire is at once tak5 f ! :ole cl\d2 &1 9 leav+ x1 fla%es brightly & cracks l\dly2 ! p>ticles in/antly coalesc+ = want ( t fire1 & fall+ 9 a heavy %[]4 #cj4 ,:5 a ridge ( m\nta9s ?us dams ! cl\ds1 & draws ! electrical fire f ! cl\d fir/ approa*+ x2 t :i* next foll[s1 :5 x comes ne> ! fir/ cl\d1 n[ depriv$ ( its fire1 fla%es into x1 & beg9s to deposite its own wat]2 ! fir/ cl\d aga9 fla%+ into ! m\nta9s2 ! ?ird approa*+ cl\d1 & all ! succe$+ ones1 act+ 9 ! same mann] z f> back z !y ext5d1 :i* may be ov] _m hundr$ miles ( c\ntry4 #ca4 ,h5ce ! cont9ual /orms ( ra91 ?und]1 & lightn+ on ! ea/-side ( ! ,&es1 :i* runn+ nor? & s\?1 & be+ va/ly high1 int]cept all ! cl\ds br\ght aga9/ !m f ! ,atlantic ocean by ! trade w9ds1 & oblige !m to deposite _! wat]s1 by :i* ! va/ riv]s ,amazons1 ,la ,plata1 & ,oroonoko are =m$1 :i* return ! wat] into ! same sea1 aft] hav+ f]tiliz$ a c\ntry ( v great ext5t4 #cb4 ,if a c\ntry be pla91 hav+ no m\nta9s to int]cept ! electrifi$ cl\ds1 yet is x n )\t means to make !m deposite _! wat]4 ,= if an electrifi$ cl\d com+ f ! sea1 meets 9 ! air a cl\d rais$ f ! l&1 & !re=e n electrifi$2 ! fir/ w fla% its fire into ! latt]1 & !reby bo? cl\ds %all be made sudd5ly to deposite wat]4 #cc4 ,! electrifi$ p>ticles ( ! fir/ cl\d close :5 !y lose _! fire2 ! p>ticles ( ! o!r cl\d close 9 receiv+ x3 9 bo?1 !y h !reby an opportunity ( coalesc+ into drops4--,! concussion or j]k giv5 to ! air1 contributes also to %ake d[n ! wat]1 n only f ^? two cl\ds b f o!rs ne> !m4 ,h5ce ! sudd5 fall ( ra9 imm$iately aft] fla%es ( lightn+4 #cd4 ,to %ew ?is by an easy exp]im5t4 ,take two r\nd pieces ( pa/ebo>d two in*es diamet]2 f ! c5t] & circumf]5ce ( ea* ( !m susp5d by f9e silk ?reads eighte5 in*es long1 sev5 small balls ( wood1 or sev5 peas equal 9 bigness2 s w ! balls app5d+ to ea* pa/ebo>d1 =m equal equilat]al triangles1 "o ball be+ 9 ! c5t]1 & six at equal di/ances f t1 & f ea* o!r2 & ?us !y repres5t p>ticles ( air4 ,dip bo? sets 9 wat]1 & "s coh]+ to ea* ball !y w repres5t air load$4 ,dext]\sly electrify "o set1 & its balls w repel ea* o!r to a great] di/ance1 enl>g+ ! triangles4 ,c\ld ! wat] support$ by ! sev5 balls come into contact1 x w\ld =m a drop or drops s heavy z to break ! cohesion x _h ) ! balls1 & s fall4--,let ! two sets !n repres5t two cl\ds1 ! "o a sea cl\d electrifi$1 ! o!r a l& cl\d4 ,br+ !m )9 ! sph]e ( attraction1 & !y w draw t[>ds ea* o!r1 & y w see ! sep>at$ balls close ?us2 ! fir/ electrifi$ ball t comes ne> an unelectrifi$ ball by attraction jo9s x1 & gives x fire2 in/antly !y sep>ate1 & ea* flies to ano!r ball ( its own p>ty1 "o to give1 ! o!r to receive fire2 & s x proce$s ?r\gh bo? sets1 b s quick z to be 9 a mann] in/antane\s4 ,9 ! collision !y %ake (f & drop _! wat]1 :i* repres5ts ra94 #ce4 ,?us :5 sea & l& cl\ds w\ld pass at too great a di/ance = ! fla%1 !y are attract$ t[>ds ea* o!r till )9 t di/ance2 = ! sph]e ( electrical attraction is f> beyond ! di/ance ( fla%+4 #cf4 ,:5 a great numb] ( cl\ds f ! sea meet a numb] ( cl\ds rais$ f ! l&1 ! electrical fla%es appe> to /rike 9 diff]5t p>ts2 & z ! cl\ds are jo/l$ & mix$ by ! w9ds1 or br\ght ne> by ! electrical attraction1 !y cont9ue to give & receive fla% aft] fla%1 till ! electrical fire is equally diffus$4 #cg4 ,:5 ! gun-b>rel 79 electrical exp]im5ts7 has b little electrical fire 9 x1 y mu/ approa* x v ne> ) y\r knuckle1 be=e y c draw a sp>k4 ,give x m fire1 & x w give a sp>k at a great] di/ance4 ,two gun-b>rels unit$1 & z highly electrifi$1 w give a sp>k at a /ill great] di/ance4 ,b if two gun-b>rels electrifi$ w /rike at two in*es di/ance1 & make a l\d snap1 to :at a great di/ance may #aj1jjj acres ( electrifi$ cl\d /rike & give its fire1 & h[ l\d mu/ be t crack6 #ch4 ,x is a common ?+ to see cl\ds at diff]5t heights pass+ diff]5t ways1 :i* %ews diff]5t curr5ts ( air1 "o "u ! o!r4 ,z ! air betwe5 ! tropics is r>ifi$ by ! sun1 x rises1 ! d5s] nor!rn & s\!rn air press+ into its place4 ,! air s r>ifi$ & =c$ up1 passes nor?w>d & s\?w>d1 & mu/ desc5d 9 ! pol> regions1 if x has no opportunity be=e1 t ! circulation may be c>ri$ on4 #ci4 ,z curr5ts ( air1 ) ! cl\ds !re91 pass diff]5t ways1 'tis easy to conceive h[ ! cl\ds1 pass+ ov] ea* o!r1 may attract ea* o!r1 & s come ne> en\gh = ! electrical /roke4 ,& also h[ electrical cl\ds may be c>ri$ )9 l& v f> f ! sea1 be=e !y h an opportunity to /rike4 #dj4 ,:5 ! air1 ) its vap\rs rais$ f ! ocean betwe5 ! tropics1 comes to desc5d 9 ! pol> regions1 & to be 9 contact ) ! vap\rs aris+ !re1 ! electrical fire !y br\ght beg9s to be communicat$1 & is se5 9 cle> nights1 be+ fir/ visible :]e 'tis fir/ 9 motion1 t is1 :]e ! contact beg9s1 or 9 ! mo/ nor!rn "p2 f !nce ! /reams ( light seem to %oot s\!rly1 ev5 up to ! z5i? ( nor!rn c\ntries4 ,b ?o' ! light seems to %oot f ! nor? s\!rly1 ! progress ( ! fire is really f ! s\? nor!rly1 its motion beg9n+ 9 ! nor? be+ ! reason t 'tis !re fir/ se54 ,= ! electrical fire is nev] visible b :5 9 motion1 & leap+ f body to body1 or f p>ticle to p>ticle ?ro' ! air4 ,:5 x passes ?ro' d5se bodies 'tis unse54 ,:5 a wire makes "p ( ! circle1 9 ! explosion ( ! electrical phial1 ! fire1 ?\gh 9 great quantity1 passes 9 ! wire invisibly3 b 9 pass+ along a *a91 x becomes visible z x leaps f l9k to l9k4 ,9 pass+ along leaf-gild+ 'tis visible3 = ! leaf-gold is full ( pores2 hold a leaf to ! light & x appe>s l a net2 & ! fire is se5 9 its leap+ ov] ! vacancies4--,& z :5 a long canal fill$ ) /ill wat] is op5$ at "o end1 9 ord] to be dis*>g$1 ! motion ( ! wat] beg9s fir/ ne> ! op5$ end1 & proce$s t[>ds ! close end1 ?o' ! wat] itself moves f ! close t[>ds ! op5$ end3 s ! electrical fire dis*>g$ into ! pol> regions1 p]haps f a ?\s& leagues l5g? ( vaporiz'd air1 appe>s fir/ :]e 'tis fir/ 9 motion1 i4 e4 9 ! mo/ nor!rn "p1 & ! appe>ance proce$s s\?w>d1 ?o' ! fire really moves nor?w>d4 ,?is is suppos$ to acc\nt = ! ,aurora ,borealis4 #da4 ,:5 !re is great heat on ! l&1 9 a p>ticul> region 7! sun hav+ %one on x p]haps sev]al days1 :ile ! surr\nd+ c\ntries h be5 scre5'd by cl\ds7 ! l[] air is r>ifi$ & rises1 ! cool] d5s] air above desc5ds2 ! cl\ds 9 t air meet f all sides1 & jo9 ov] ! heat$ place2 & if "s are electrifi$1 o!rs n1 lightn+ & ?und] succe$1 & %[]s fall4 ,h5ce ?und]-gu/s aft] heats1 & cool air aft] gu/s2 ! wat] & ! cl\ds t br+ x1 com+ f a high] & !re=e a cool] region4 #db4 ,an electrical sp>k1 drawn f an irregul> body at "s di/ance is sc>ce ev] /rait1 b %[s crook$ & wav+ 9 ! air4 ,s d ! fla%es ( lightn+2 ! cl\ds be+ v irregul> bodies4 #dc4 ,z electrifi$ cl\ds pass ov] a c\ntry1 high hills & high trees1 l(ty t[]s1 spires1 ma/s ( %ips1 *imneys1 c4 z s _m prom95cies & po9ts1 draw ! electrical fire1 & ! :ole cl\d dis*>ges !re4 #dd4 ,dang]\s1 !re=e1 is x to take %elt] "u a tree dur+ a ?und]-gu/4 ,x has be5 fatal to _m1 bo? m5 & bea/s4 #de4 ,x is saf] to be 9 ! op5 field = ano!r reason4 ,:5 ! clo!s are wet1 if a fla% 9 its way to ! gr\nd %\ld /rike y\r head1 x w run 9 ! wat] ov] ! surface ( y\r body2 :]eas1 if y\r clo!s 7 dry1 x w\ld g ?ro' ! body4 ,h5ce a wet rat _c be kill$ by ! explod+ electrical bottle1 :5 a dry rat may4 #df4 ,common fire is 9 all bodies1 m or less1 z well z electrical fire4 ,p]haps !y may be diff]5t modifications ( ! same elem5t2 or !y may be diff]5t elem5ts4 ,! latt] is by "s suspect$4 #dg4 ,if !y are diff]5t ?+s1 yet !y may & d subsi/ toge!r 9 ! same body4 #dh4 ,:5 electrical fire /rikes ?ro' a body1 x acts ^u ! common fire conta9$ 9 x1 & puts t fire 9 motion2 & if !re be a suffici5t quantity ( ea* k9d ( fire1 ! body w be inflam$4 #di4 ,:5 ! quantity ( common fire 9 ! body is small1 ! quantity ( ! electrical fire 7or ! electrical /roke7 %\ld be great]3 if ! quantity ( common fire be great1 less electrical fire suffices to produce ! effect4 #ej4 ,?us spirits mu/ be heat$ be=e we c fire !m by ! electrical sp>k4 ,if !y are mu* heat$ a small sp>k w d2 if n1 ! sp>k mu/ be great]4 #ea4 ,till lately we c\ld only fire w>m vap\rs2 b n[ we c burn h>d dry ros94 ,& :5 we c procure great] electrical sp>ks1 we may be able to fire n only unw>m'd spirits1 z lightn+ does1 b ev5 wood1 by giv+ suffici5t agitation to ! common fire conta9$ 9 x1 z friction we "k w d4 #eb4 ,sulphure\s & inflammable vap\rs aris+ f ! e>?1 are easily k9dl$ by lightn+4 ,besides :at arise f ! e>?1 su* vap\rs are s5t out by /acks ( moi/ hay1 corn1 or o!r vegetables1 :i* heat & reek4 ,wood rott+ 9 old trees or build+s does ! same4 ,su* are !re=e easily & (t5 fir$4 #ec4 ,metals are (t5 melt$ by lightn+1 ?o' p]haps n f heat 9 ! lightn+1 nor altoge!r f agitat$ fire 9 ! metals4--,= z :atev] body c ins9uate itself betwe5 ! p>ticles ( metal1 & ov]come ! attraction by :i* !y coh]e 7z sundry m5/rua c7 w make ! solid become a fluid1 z well z fire1 yet )\t heat+ x3 s ! electrical fire1 or lightn+1 creat+ a viol5t repulsion betwe5 ! p>ticles ( ! metal x passes ?ro'1 ! metal is fus$4 #ed4 ,if y w\ld1 by a viol5t fire1 melt (f ! end ( a nail1 :i* is half driv5 into a door1 ! heat giv5 ! :ole nail be=e a "p w\ld melt1 mu/ burn ! bo>d x /icks 94 ,& ! melt$ "p w\ld burn ! floor x dropp'd on4 ,b if a sword c be melt$ 9 ! scabb>d1 & money 9 a man's pocket1 by lightn+1 )\t burn+ ei!r1 x mu/ be a cold fusion4 #ee4 ,lightn+ r5ds "s bodies4 ,! electrical sp>k w /rike a hole ?ro' a quire ( /rong pap]4 #ef4 ,if ! s\rce ( lightn+1 assign$ 9 ?is pap]1 be ! true "o1 !re %\ld be little ?und] he>d at sea f> f l&4 ,& accord+ly "s old sea-capta9s1 ( :om enquiry has be5 made1 d affirm1 t ! fact agrees p]fectly ) ! hypo!sis2 = t1 9 cross+ ! great ocean1 !y seldom meet ) ?und] till !y come into s\nd+s2 & t ! isl&s f> f ! cont95t h v little ( x4 ,& a curi\s obs]v]1 :o liv$ #ac ye>s at ,b]mudas1 says1 !re 0 less ?und] !re 9 t :ole "t ?an he has sometimes he>d 9 a mon? at ,c>ol9a4 ,,additional ,,pap]s4 ,,to ,mr4 ,,pet] ,,coll9son1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,london4 ,,philadelphia1 ,july #bi1 #agej ,,sir1 ,z y fir/ put u on electrical exp]im5ts1 by s5d+ to our libr>y company a tube1 ) directions h[ to use x2 & z our hon\rable propriet>y enabl$ u to c>ry ^? exp]im5ts to a great] height1 by 8 g5]\s pres5t ( a compleat electrical app>atus2 'tis fit t bo? %\ld "k f "t to "t :at progress we make4 ,x 0 9 ?is view ,i wrote & s5t y my =m] pap]s on ?is subject1 desir+1 t z ,i _h n ! hon\r ( a direct correspond5ce ) t b\ntiful b5efactor to our libr>y1 !y might be communicat$ to him ?r\gh y\r h&s4 ,9 ! same view ,i write1 & s5d y ?is additional pap]4 ,if x happ5s to br+ y no?+ new 7:i* may well be1 consid]+ ! numb] ( +5i\s m5 9 ,europe1 cont9ually engag$ 9 ! same rese>*es7 at lea/ x w %[1 t ! in/rum5ts1 put into our h&s1 are n neglect$2 &1 t if no valuable discov]ies are made by u1 :atev] ! cause may be1 x is n want ( indu/ry & application4 ,i am1 ,sir1 ,y\r mu* oblig$ ,humble ,s]vant1 ,b4 ,,frankl94 ,,op9ions & ,,conjectures1 ,conc]n+ ! ,prop]ties & ,effects ( ! electrical ,matt]1 aris+ f ,exp]im5ts & ,obs]vations1 made 9 ,philadelphia1 #agdi4 #a4 ,! electrical matt] consi/s ( p>ticles extreamly subtile1 s9ce x c p]meate common matt]1 ev5 ! d5se/ metals1 ) su* ease & fre$om1 z n to receive any p]ceptible resi/ance4 #b4 ,if any "o %\ld d\bt1 :e!r ! electrical matt] passes ?ro' ! sub/ance ( bodies1 or only ov] & along _! surfaces1 a %ock f an electrifi$ l>ge glass j>1 tak5 ?ro' 8 own body1 w probably conv9ce him4 #c4 ,electrical matt] diff]s f common matt] 9 ?is1 t ! p>ts ( ! latt] mutually attract1 ^? ( ! =m] mutually repel1 ea* o!r4 ,h5ce ! appe>+ div]g5cy 9 a /ream ( electrifi$ effluvia4 #d4 ,b ?o' ! p>ticles ( electrical matt] d repel ea* o!r1 !y are /rongly attract$ by all o!r matt]4#g #e4 ,f ^! ?ree ?+s1 ! extreme subtilty ( ! electrical matt]1 ! mutual repulsion ( its p>ts1 & ! /rong attraction betwe5 !m & o!r matt]1 arise ?is effect1 t :5 a quantity ( electrical matt]1 is appli$ to a mass ( common matt]1 ( any bigness or l5g? )9 our obs]vation 7:i* has n already got its quantity7 x is imm$iately & equally diffus$ ?r\gh ! :ole4 #f4 ,?us common matt] is a k9d ( spunge to ! electrical fluid4 ,& z a spunge w\ld receive no wat]1 if ! p>ts ( wat] 7 n small] ?an ! pores ( ! spunge2 & ev5 !n b sl[ly1 if !re 7 n a mutual attraction betwe5 ^? p>ts & ! p>ts ( ! spunge2 & w\ld /ill imbibe x fa/]1 if ! mutual attraction among ! p>ts ( ! wat] did n imp$e1 "s =ce be+ requir$ to sep>ate !m2 & fa/e/1 if1 in/ead ( attraction1 !re 7 a mutual repulsion among ^? p>ts1 :i* w\ld act 9 conjunction ) ! attraction ( ! spunge4 ,s is ! case betwe5 ! electrical & common matt]4 #g4 ,b 9 common matt] !re is 7g5]ally7 z mu* ( ! electrical1 z x w conta9 )9 its sub/ance4 ,if m is add$1 x lies )\t ^u ! surface1 & =ms :at we call an electrical atmosph]e3 & !n ! body is said to be electrifi$4 #h4 ',tis suppos$1 t all k9ds ( common matt] d n attract & reta9 ! electrical1 ) equal /r5g? & =ce2 = reasons to be giv5 h]eaft]4 ,& t ^? call$ electrics p] se1 z glass1 c4 attract & reta9 x /ronge/1 & conta9 ! greate/ quantity4 #i4 ,we "k t ! electrical fluid is 9 common matt]1 because we c pump x out by ! globe or tube4 ,we "k t common matt] has ne> z mu* z x c conta91 because1 :5 we add a little m to any protion ( x1 ! additional quantity does n ent]1 b =ms an electrical atmosph]e4 ,& we "k t common matt] has n 7g5]ally7 m ?an x c conta91 o!rwise all loose portions ( x w\ld repel ea* o!r1 z !y con/antly d :5 !y h electric atmosph]es4 #aj4 ,! b5eficial uses ( ?is electrical fluid 9 ! creation1 we are n yet well acqua9t$ )1 ?\gh d\btless su* !re are1 & ^? v consid]able2 b we may see "s p]nici\s consequ5ces1 t w\ld att5d a mu* great] proportion ( x4 ,= _h ?is globe we live on z mu* ( x 9 proportion1 z we c give to a globe ( iron1 wood1 or ! l1 ! p>ticles ( du/ & o!r light matt]s t get loose f x1 w\ld1 by virtue ( _! sep>ate electrical atmosph]es1 n only repel ea* o!r1 b be repell$ f ! e>?1 & n easily be br\ght to unite ) x aga92 :5ce our air w\ld cont9ually be m & m clogg$ ) =eign matt]1 & gr[ unfit = respiration4 ,?is af=ds ano!r occasion ( ador+ t wisdom :i* has made all ?+s by weight & measure6 #aa4 ,if a piece ( common matt] be suppos$ intirely free f electrical matt]1 & a s+le p>ticle ( ! latt] be br\ght nigh1 'twill be attract$ & ent] ! body1 & take place 9 ! c5t]1 or :]e ! attraction is e way equal4 ,if m p>ticles ent]1 !y take _! places :]e ! balance is equal betwe5 ! attraction ( ! common matt] & _! own mutual repulsion4 ',tis suppos$ !y =m triangles1 ^: sides %ort5 z _! numb] increases2 'till ! common matt] has drawn 9 s _m1 t its :ole p[] ( compress+ ^? triangles by attraction1 is equal to _! :ole p[] ( exp&+ !mselves by repulsion2 & !n w su* piece ( matt] receive no m4 #ab4 ,:5 "p ( ?is natural proportion ( electrical fluid1 is tak5 out ( a piece ( common matt]1 ! triangles =m$ by ! rema9d]1 are suppos$ to wid5 by ! mutual repulsion ( ! p>ts1 until !y occupy ! :ole piece4 #ac4 ,:5 ! quantity ( electrical fluid tak5 f a piece ( common matt] is re/or$ aga91 x ent]s1 ! exp&$ triangles be+ aga9 compress$ till !re is room = ! :ole4 #ad4 ,to expla9 ?is3 take two apples1 or two balls ( wood or o!r matt]1 ea* hav+ its own natural quantity ( ! electrical fluid4 ,susp5d !m by silk l9es f ! ceil+4 ,apply ! wire ( a well-*>g$ vial1 held 9 y\r h&1 to "o ( !m 7,a7 ,fig4 #g4 & x w receive f ! wire a quantity ( ! electrical fluid2 b w n imbibe x1 be+ already full4 ,! fluid !re=e w fl[ r\nd its surface1 & =m an electrical atmosph]e4 ,br+ ,a into contact ) ,b1 & half ! electrical fluid is communicat$1 s t ea* has n[ an electrical atmosph]e1 & !re=e !y repel ea* o!r4 ,take away ^! atmosph]es by t\*+ ! balls1 & leave !m 9 _! natural /ate3 !n1 hav+ fix$ a /ick ( seal+ wax to ! middle ( ! vial to hold x by1 apply ! wire to ,a1 at ! same "t ! coat+ t\*es ,b4 ,?us w a quantity ( ! electrical fluid be drawn out ( ,b1 & ?r[n on ,a4 ,s t ,a w h a r$undance ( ?is fluid1 :i* =ms an atmosph]e r\nd x1 & ,b an exactly equal defici5cy4 ,n[ br+ ^! balls aga9 into contact1 & ! electrical atmosph]e w n be divid$ betwe5 ,a & ,b1 into two small] atmosph]es z be=e2 = ,b w dr9k up ! :ole atmosph]e ( ,a1 & bo? w be f\nd aga9 9 _! natural /ate4 #ae4 ,! =m ( ! electrical atmosph]e is t ( ! body x surr\nds4 ,?is %ape may be r5d]$ visible 9 a /ill air1 by rais+ a smoke f dry ros91 dropt into a hot tea-spoon "u ! electris$ body1 :i* w be attract$ & spread itself equaly on all sides1 cov]+ & conceal+ ! body4 ,& ?is =m x takes1 because x is attract$ by all p>ts ( ! surface ( ! body1 ?o' x _c ent] ! sub/ance already replete4 ,)\t ?is attraction x w\ld n rema9 r\nd ! body1 b dissipate 9 ! air4 #af4 ,! atmosph]e ( electrical p>ticles surr\nd+ an electrifi$ sph]e1 is n m dispos$ to leave x or m easily drawn (f f any "o "p ( ! sph]e ?an f ano!r1 because x is equally attract$ by e "p4 ,b t is n ! case ) bodies ( any o!r figure4 ,f a cube x is m easily drawn at ! corn]s ?an at ! plane sides1 & s f ! angles ( a body ( any o!r =m1 & /ill mo/ easily f ! angle t is mo/ acute4 ,?us if a body %ap$ z ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 ,e1 9 ,fig4 #h1 be electrifi$1 or h an electrical atmosph]e communicat$ to x1 & we consid] e side z a base on :i* ! p>ticles re/ & by :i* !y are attract$1 "o may see1 by imag9+ a l9e f ,a to ,f1 & ano!r f ,e to ,g1 t ! portion ( ! atmosph]e includ$ 9 ,f1 ,a1 ,e1 ,g1 has ! l9e ,a1 ,e1 = its basis4 ,s ! portion ( atmosph]e includ$ 9 ,h1 ,a1 ,b1 ,i1 has ! l9e ,a1 ,b1 = its basis4 ,& likewise ! portion includ$ 9 ,k1 ,b1 ,c1 ,l1 has ,b1 ,c1 to re/ on2 & s on ! o!r side ( ! figure4 ,n[ if y w\ld draw (f ?is atmosph]e ) any blunt smoo? body1 & approa* ! middle ( ! side ,a1 ,b1 y mu/ come v ne> be=e ! =ce ( y\r attract] exce$s ! =ce or p[] ) :i* t side holds its atmosph]e4 ,b !re is a small portion betwe5 ,i1 ,b1 ,k1 t has less ( ! surface to re/ on1 & to be attract$ by1 ?an ! neighb\r+ portions1 :ile at ! same "t !re is a mutual repulsion betwe5 its p>ticles & ! p>ticles ( ^? portions1 !re=e "h y c get x ) m ease or at a great] di/ance4 ,betwe5 ,f1 ,a1 ,h1 !re is a l>g] portion t has yet a less surface to re/ on & to attract x2 "h !re=e y c get x away /ill m easily4 ,b easie/ ( all betwe5 ,l1 ,c1 ,m1 :]e ! quantity is l>ge/1 & ! surface to attract & keep x back ! lea/4 ,:5 y h drawn away "o ( ^! angul> portions ( ! fluid1 ano!r succe$s 9 its place1 f ! nature ( fluidity & ! mutual repulsion be=em5tion$2 & s ! atmosph]e cont9ues fl[+ (f at su* angle1 l a /ream1 till no m is rema9+4 ,! extremities ( ! portions ( atmosph]e ov] ^! angul> p>ts are likewise at a great] di/ance f ! electrifi$ body1 z may be se5 by ! inspection ( ! above figure2 ! po9t ( ! atmosph]e ( ! angle ,c1 be+ mu* f>!r f ,c1 ?an any o!r "p ( ! atmosph]e ov] ! l9es ,c1 ,b1 or ,b1 ,a3 ,& besides ! di/ance aris+ f ! nature ( ! figure1 :]e ! attraction is less1 ! p>ticles w naturally exp& to a great] di/ance by _! mutual repulsion4 ,on ^! acc\nts we suppose electrifi$ bodies dis*>ge _! atmosph]es ^u unelectrifi$ bodies m easily & at a great] di/ance f _! angles & po9ts ?an f _! smoo? sides4--,^? po9ts w also dis*>ge into ! air1 :5 ! body has too great an electrical atmosph]e1 )\t br++ any non-electric ne>1 to receive :at is ?r[n (f3 ,= ! air1 ?\gh an electric p] se1 yet has always m or less wat] & o!r non-electric matt]s mix$ ) x2 & ^! attract & receive :at is s dis*>g$4 #ag4 ,b po9ts h a prop]ty1 by :i* !y draw on z well z ?r[ (f ! electrical fluid1 at great] di/ances ?an blunt bodies c4 ,t is1 z ! po9t$ "p ( an electrifi$ body w dis*>ge ! atmosph]e ( t body1 or communicate x f>!/ to ano!r body1 s ! po9t ( an unelectrifi$ body1 w draw (f ! electrical atmosph]e f an electrifi$ body1 f>!r ?an a blunt] "p ( ! same unelectrifi$ body w d4 ,?us a p9 held by ! head1 & ! po9t pres5t$ to an electrifi$ body1 w draw (f its atmosph]e at a foot di/ance2 :]e if ! head 7 pres5t$ in/ead ( ! po9t1 no su* effect w\ld foll[4 ,to und]/& ?is1 we may consid]1 t if a p]son /&+ on ! floor w\ld draw (f ! electrical atmosph]e f an electrifi$ body1 an iron cr[ & a blunt knitt+ kne$le held alt]nately 9 8 h& & pres5t$ = t purpose1 d n draw ) diff]5t =ces 9 proportion to _! diff]5t masses4 ,= ! man1 & :at he holds 9 8 h&1 be x l>ge or small1 are connect$ ) ! common mass ( unelectrifi$ matt]2 & ! =ce ) :i* he draws is ! same 9 bo? cases1 x consi/+ 9 ! diff]5t proportion ( electricity 9 ! electrifi$ body & t common mass4 ,b ! =ce ) :i* ! electrifi$ body reta9s its atmosph]e by attract+ x1 is proportion$ to ! surface ov] :i* ! p>ticles are plac$2 i4e4 f\r squ>e in*es ( t surface reta9 _! atmosph]e ) f\r times ! =ce t "o squ>e in* reta9s its atmosph]e4 ,& z 9 pluck+ ! hairs f ! horse's tail1 a degree ( /r5g? insuffici5t to pull away a h&ful at once1 c\ld yet easily /rip x hair by hair2 s a blunt body pres5t$ _c draw (f a numb] ( p>ticles at once1 b a po9t$ "o1 ) no great] =ce1 takes !m away easily1 p>ticle by p>ticle4 #ah4 ,^! explanations ( ! p[] & op]ation ( po9ts1 :5 !y fir/ occurr'd to me1 & :ile !y fir/ float$ 9 my m9d1 appe>$ p]fectly satisfactory2 b n[ ,i h wrote !m1 & consid]'d !m m closely 9 black & :ite1 ,i mu/ own ,i h "s d\bts ab\t !m3 yet z ,i h at pres5t no?+ bett] to (f] 9 _! /ead1 ,i d n cross !m out3 = ev5 a bad solution read1 & its faults discov]'d1 has (t5 giv5 rise to a good "o 9 ! m9d ( an +5i\s read]4 #ai4 ,nor is x ( mu* importance to u1 to "k ! mann] 9 :i* nature executes h] laws2 'tis en\gh if we "k ! laws !mselves4 ',tis ( real use to "k1 t *9a left 9 ! air unsupport$ w fall & break2 b h[ x comes to fall1 & :y x breaks1 are matt]s ( speculation4 ',tis a pleasure inde$ to "k !m1 b we c pres]ve our *9a )\t x4 #bj4 ,?us 9 ! pres5t case1 to "k ?is p[] ( po9ts1 may possibly be ( "s use to mank9d1 ?\gh we %\ld nev] be able to expla9 x4 ,! foll[+ exp]im5ts1 z well z ^? 9 my fir/ pap]1 %[ ?is p[]4 ,i h a l>ge prime conductor made ( sev]al ?9 %eets ( ,full]'s pa/ebo>d =m'd into a tube1 ne> #aj feet long & a foot diamet]4 ,x is cov]'d ) ,dut* emboss'd pap]1 almo/ totally gilt4 ,?is l>ge metallic surface supports a mu* great] electrical atmosph]e ?an a rod ( iron ( #ej times ! weight w\ld d4 ,x is susp5d$ by silk l9es1 & :5 *>g'd w /rike at ne> two in*es di/ance1 a pretty h>d /roke s z to make "o's knuckle a*4 ,let a p]son /&+ on ! floor pres5t ! po9t ( a ne$le at #ab or m in*es di/ance f x1 & :ile ! ne$le is s pres5t$1 ! conductor _c be *>g$1 ! po9t draw+ (f ! fire z fa/ z x is ?r[n on by ! electrical globe4 ,let x be *>g$1 & !n pres5t ! po9t at ! same di/ance1 & x w sudd5ly be dis*>g$4 ,9 ! d>k y may see a light on ! po9t1 :5 ! exp]im5t is made4 ,& if ! p]son hold+ ! po9t /&s ^u wax1 he w be electrifi$ by receiv+ ! fire at t di/ance4 ,attempt to draw (f ! electricity ) a blunt body1 z a bolt ( iron r\nd at ! end & smoo? 7a silv]smi?'s iron pun*1 in*-?ick1 is :at ,i use7 & y mu/ br+ x )9 ! di/ance ( ?ree in*es be=e y c d x1 & !n x is done ) a /roke & crack4 ,z ! pa/ebo>d tube hangs loose on silk l9es1 :5 y approa* x ) ! pun* iron1 x likewise w move t[>ds ! pun*1 be+ attract$ :ile x is *>g$2 b if at ! same in/ant a po9t be pres5t$ z be=e1 x retires aga91 = ! po9t dis*>ges x4 ,take a pair ( l>ge brass scales1 ( two or m feet beam1 ! cords ( ! scales be+ silk4 ,susp5d ! beam by a pack?read f ! ciel+1 s t ! bottom ( ! scales may be ab\t a foot f ! floor3 ,! scales w move r\nd 9 a circle by ! untwi/+ ( ! pack?read4 ,set ! iron pun* on ! end ^u ! floor1 9 su* a place z t ! scales may pass ov] x 9 mak+ _! circle3 ,!n electrify "o scale by apply+ ! wire ( a *>g$ phial to x4 ,z !y move r\nd1 y see t scale draw nigh] to ! floor1 & dip m :5 x comes ov] ! pun*2 & if t be plac$ at a prop] di/ance1 ! scale w snap & dis*>ge its fire into x4 ,b if a ne$le be /uck on ! end ( ! pun*1 its po9t upw>ds1 ! scale1 in/ead ( draw+ nigh to ! pun* & snapp+1 dis*>ges its fire sil5tly ?r\gh ! po9t1 & rises high] f ! pun*4 ,nay1 ev5 if ! ne$le be plac$ ^u ! floor ne> ! pun*1 its po9t upw>ds1 ! end ( ! pun*1 ?o' s mu* high] ?an ! ne$le1 w n attract ! scale & receive its fire1 = ! ne$le w get x & convey x away1 be=e x comes nigh en\gh = ! pun* to act4 ,& ?is is con/antly obs]vable 9 ^! exp]im5ts1 t ! great] quantity ( electricity on ! pa/ebo>d tube1 ! f>!r x /rikes or dis*>ges its fire1 & ! po9t likewise w draw x (f at a /ill great] di/ance4 ,n[ if ! fire ( electricity & t ( light5+ be ! same1 z ,i h endeav\r'd to %[ at l>ge 9 a =m] pap]1 ?is pa/ebo>d tube & ^! scales may repres5t electrifi$ cl\ds4 ,if a tube ( only #aj feet long w /rike & dis*>ge its fire on ! pun* at two or ?ree in*es di/ance1 an electrifi$ cl\d ( p]haps #aj1jjj acres1 may /rike & dis*>ge on ! e>? at a proportionably great] di/ance4 ,! horizontal motion ( ! scales ov] ! floor1 may repres5t ! motion ( ! cl\ds ov] ! e>?2 & ! erect iron pun*1 a hill or high build+2 & !n we see h[ electrifi$ cl\ds pass+ ov] hills or high build+s at too great a height to /rike1 may be attract$ l[] till )9 _! /rik+ di/ance4 ,& la/ly1 if a ne$le fix'd on ! pun* ) its po9t upright1 or ev5 on ! floor bel[ ! pun*1 w draw ! fire f ! scale sil5tly at a mu* great] ?an ! /rik+ di/ance1 & s prev5t its desc5d+ t[>ds ! pun*2 or if 9 its c\rse x w\ld h come nigh en\gh to /rike1 yet be+ fir/ depriv$ ( its fire x _c1 & ! pun* is !reby secur$ f ! /roke4 ,i say1 if ^! ?+s are s1 may n ! k ( ?is p[] ( po9ts be ( use to mank9d1 9 pres]v+ h\ses1 *ur*es1 %ips1 c4 f ! /roke ( lightn+1 by direct+ u to fix on ! highe/ p>ts ( ^? edifices1 upright rods ( iron made %>p z a ne$le1 & gilt to prev5t ru/+1 & f ! foot ( ^? rods a wire d[n ! outside ( ! build+ into ! gr\nd1 or d[n r\nd "o ( ! %r\ds ( a %ip1 & d[n h] side till x rea*es ! wat]8 ,w\ld n ^! po9t$ rods probably draw ! electrical fire sil5tly out ( a cl\d be=e x came nigh en\gh to /rike1 & !reby secure u f t mo/ sudd5 & t]rible mis*ief8 #ba4 ,to det]m9e ! "q1 :e!r ! cl\ds t conta9 lightn+ are electrifi$ or n1 ,i w\ld propose an exp]im5t to be try'd :]e x may be done conv5i5tly4 ,on ! top ( "s high t[] or /eeple1 place a k9d ( s5try-box1 7z 9 ,,fig4 #i47 big en\gh to conta9 a man & an electrical /&4 ,f ! middle ( ! /&1 let an iron rod rise & pass b5d+ out ( ! door1 & !n upright #bj or #cj feet1 po9t$ v %>p at ! end4 ,if ! electrical /& be kept clean & dry1 a man /&+ on x :5 su* cl\ds are pass+ l[1 might be electrifi$ & af=d sp>ks1 ! rod draw+ fire to him f a cl\d4 ,if any dang] to ! man %\ld be appreh5d$ 7?\gh ,i ?9k !re w\ld be none7 let him /& on ! floor ( 8 box1 & n[ & !n br+ ne> to ! rod1 ! loop ( a wire t has "o end fa/5$ to ! leads1 he hold+ x by a wax h&le2 s ! sp>ks1 if ! rod is electrifi$1 w /rike f ! rod to ! wire1 & n affect him4 #bb4 ,be=e ,i leave ?is subject ( lightn+1 ,i may m5tion "s o!r simil>ities betwe5 ! effects ( t1 & ^! ( electricity4 ,lightn+ has (t5 be5 kn[n to /rike p bl9d4 ,a pigeon t we /ruck dead to appe>ance by ! electrical %ock1 recov]+ life1 droop'd ab\t ! y>d sev]al days1 eat no?+ ?\gh crumbs 7 ?r[n to x1 b decl9$ & di$4 ,we did n ?9k ( its be+ depriv$ ( sight2 b aft]w>ds a pullet /ruck dead 9 l mann]1 be+ recov]$ by repeat$ly bl[+ into its lungs1 :5 set d[n on ! floor1 ran headlong aga9/ ! wall1 & on exam9ation appe>$ p]fectly bl9d4 ,h5ce we conclud$ t ! pigeon also _h be5 absolutely bl9d$ by ! %ock4 ,! bigge/ animal we h yet kill$ or try'd to kill ) ! electrical /roke1 0 a well-gr[n pullet4 #bc4 ,read+ 9 ! +5i\s ,dr4 ,hales's acc\nt ( ! ?und] /orm at ,/re?am1 ! effect ( ! lightn+ 9 /ripp+ (f all ! pa9t t _h cov]$ a gilt m\ld+ ( a pannel ( wa9scot1 )\t hurt+ ! re/ ( ! pa9t1 ,i _h a m9d to lay a coat ( pa9t ov] ! fillet+ ( gold on ! cov] ( a book1 & try ! effect ( a /rong electrical fla% s5t ?r\gh t gold f a *>g$ %eet ( glass4 ,b hav+ no pa9t at h&1 ,i pa/$ a n>r[ /rip ( pap] ov] x2 & :5 dry1 s5t ! fla% ?r\gh ! gild+2 by :i* ! pap] 0 torn (f f end to end1 ) su* =ce1 t x 0 broke 9 sev]al places1 & 9 o!rs br\ght away "p ( ! gra9 ( ! ,turky-lea!r 9 :i* x 0 b\nd2 & conv9c$ me1 t _h x be5 pa9t$1 ! pa9t w\ld h be5 /ript (f 9 ! same mann] ) t on ! wa9scot at ,/re?am4 #bd4 ,lightn+ melts metals1 & ,i h9t$ 9 my pap] on t subject1 t ,i suspect$ x to be a cold fusion2 ,i d n mean a fusion by =ce ( cold1 b a fusion )\t heat4 ,we h also melt$ gold1 silv]1 & copp]1 9 small quantities1 by ! electrical fla%4 ,! mann] is ?is3 ,take leaf gold1 leaf silv]1 or leaf gilt copp]1 commonly call$ leaf brass or ,dut* gold3 cut (f f ! leaf long n>r[ /rips ! bread? ( a /raw4 ,place "o ( ^! /rips betwe5 two /rips ( smoo? glass t are ab\t ! wid? ( y\r f+]4 ,if "o /rip ( gold1 ! l5g? ( ! leaf1 be n long en\gh = ! glass1 add ano!r to ! end ( x1 s t y may h a little "p hang+ out loose at ea* end ( ! glass4 ,b9d ! pieces ( glass toge!r f end to end ) /rong silk ?read2 !n place x s z to be "p ( an electrical circle1 7! ends ( gold hang+ out be+ ( use to jo9 ) ! o!r p>ts ( ! circle7 & s5d ! fla% ?r\gh x1 f a l>ge electrifi$ j> or %eet ( glass4 ,!n if y\r /rips ( glass rema9 :ole1 y w see t ! gold is miss+ 9 sev]al places1 & in/ead ( x a metallic /a9 on bo? ! glasses2 ! /a9s on ! upp] & "u glass exactly simil> 9 ! m9ute/ /roke1 z may be se5 by hold+ !m to ! light2 ! metal appe>$ to h be5 n only melt$1 b ev5 vitrifi$1 or o!rwise s driv5 into ! pores ( ! glass1 z to be protect$ by x f ! action ( ! /ronge/ ,aqua ,=tis & ,ag3 ,regia4 ,i s5d y enclos$ two little pieces ( glass ) ^! metallic /a9s ^u !m1 :i* _c be remov$ )\t tak+ "p ( ! glass ) !m4 ,sometimes ! /a9 spreads a little wid] ?an ! bread? ( ! leaf1 & looks bright] at ! edge1 z by inspect+ closely y may obs]ve 9 ^!4 ,sometimes ! glass breaks to pieces3 once ! upp] glass broke into a ?\s& pieces1 look+ l co>se salt4 ,^! pieces ,i s5d y1 7 /a9'd ) ,dut* gold4 ,true gold makes a d>k] /a91 some:at r$di%2 silv]1 a gre5i% /a94 ,we once took two pieces ( ?ick look+-glass1 z broad z a ,gunt]'s scale1 & #f in*es long2 & plac+ leaf gold betwe5 !m1 put !m betwixt two smoo?ly pla9'd pieces ( wood1 & fix'd !m tight 9 a book-b9d]'s small press2 yet ?\gh !y 7 s closely conf9$1 ! =ce ( ! electrical %ock %iv]$ ! glass into _m pieces4 ,! gold 0 melt$ & /a9'd into ! glass z usual4 ,! circum/ances ( ! break+ ( ! glass diff] mu* 9 mak+ ! exp]im5t1 & sometimes x does n break at all3 b ?is is con/ant1 t ! /a9s 9 ! upp] & "u pieces are exact c\nt]p>ts ( ea* o!r4 ,& ?\gh ,i h tak5 up ! pieces ( glass betwe5 my f+]s imm$iately aft] ?is melt+1 ,i nev] c\ld p]ceive ! lea/ w>m? 9 !m4 #be4 ,9 "o ( my =m] pap]s1 ,i m5tion'd1 t gild+ on a book1 ?\gh at fir/ x communicat$ ! %ock p]fectly well1 yet fail'd aft] a few exp]im5ts1 :i* we c\ld n acc\nt =4 ,we h s9ce f\nd1 t "o /rong %ock breaks ! cont9uity ( ! gold 9 ! fillet+1 & makes x look r l du/ ( gold1 abundance ( its p>ts be+ brok5 & driv5 (f2 & x w seldom conduct above "o /rong %ock4 ,p]haps ?is may be ! reason2 :5 !re is n a p]fect cont9uity 9 ! circle1 ! fire mu/ leap ov] ! vacancies2 !re is a c]ta9 di/ance :i* x is able to leap ov] accord+ to its /r5g?2 if a numb] ( small vacancies1 ?\gh ea* be v m9ute1 tak5 toge!r exce$ t di/ance1 x _c leap ov] !m1 & s ! %ock is prev5t$4 #bf4 ,f ! be=e m5tion$ law ( electricity1 t po9ts1 z !y are m or less acute1 draw on & ?r[ (f ! electrical fluid ) m or less p[]1 & at great] or less di/ances1 & 9 l>g] or small] quantities 9 ! same "t1 we may see h[ to acc\nt = ! situation ( ! leaf ( gold susp5d$ betwe5 two plates1 ! upp] "o cont9ually electrifi$1 ! "u "o 9 a p]son's h& /&+ on ! floor4 ,:5 ! upp] plate is electrifi$1 ! leaf is attract$ & rais$ t[>ds x1 & w\ld fly to t plate 7 x n = its own po9ts4 ,! corn] t happ5s to be upp]mo/ :5 ! leaf is ris+1 be+ a %>p po9t1 f ! extream ?9ness ( ! gold1 draws & receives at a di/ance a suffici5t quantity ( ! electrical fluid to give itself an electrical atmosph]e1 by :i* its progress to ! upp] plate is /opt1 & x beg9s to be repell$ f t plate1 & w\ld be driv5 back to ! "u plate1 b t its l[e/ corn] is likewise a po9t1 & ?r[s (f or dis*>ges ! ov]plus ( ! leaf's atmosph]e1 z fa/ z ! upp] corn] draws x on4 ,7 ^! two po9ts p]fectly equal 9 acut5ess1 ! leaf w\ld take place exactly 9 ! middle space1 = its ,weight is a trifle1 comp>$ to ! p[] act+ on x3 ,b x is g5]ally ne>e/ ! unelectrifi$ plate1 because1 :5 ! leaf is (f]$ to ! electrifi$ plate at a di/ance1 ! %>pe/ po9t is commonly fir/ affect$ & rais$ t[>ds x2 s t po9t1 f its great] acut5ess1 receiv+ ! fluid fa/] ?an its opposite c dis*>ge x at equal di/ances1 x retires f ! electrifi$ plate1 & draws ne>] to ! unelectrifi$ plate1 till x comes to a di/ance :]e ! dis*>ge c be exactly equal to ! receipt1 ! latt] be+ less5$1 & ! =m] encreas$2 & !re x rema9s z long z ! globe cont9ues to supply fre% electrical matt]4 ,?is w appe> pla91 :5 ! diff]5ce ( acut5ess 9 ! corn]s is made v great4 ,cut a piece ( ,dut* gold 7:i* is fitte/ = ^! exp]im5ts on acc\nt ( its great] /r5g?7 into ! =m ( ,,fig4 #aj ! upp] corn] a "r angle1 ! two next obtuse angles1 & ! l[e/ a v acute "o2 & br+ ?is on y\r plate "u ! electrifi$ plate1 9 su* a mann] z t ! "r-angl$ "p may be fir/ rais$ 7:i* is done by cov]+ ! acute "p ) ! holl[ ( y\r h&7 & y w see ?is leaf take place mu* ne>] to ! upp] ?an to ! "u plate2 because1 )\t be+ ne>]1 x _c receive s fa/ at its "r-angl$ po9t1 z x c dis*>ge at its acute "o4 ,turn ?is leaf ) ! acute "p upp]mo/1 & !n x takes place ne>e/ ! unelectrifi$ plate1 because o!rwise x receives fa/] at its acute po9t ?an x c dis*>ge at its "r-angl$ "o4 ,?us ! diff]5ce ( di/ance is always proportion$ to ! diff]5ce ( acut5ess4 ,take c>e 9 cutt+ y\r leaf to leave no little ragg$ p>ticles on ! edges1 :i* sometimes =m po9ts :]e y w\ld n h !m4 ,y may make ?is figure s acute bel[ & blunt above1 z to ne$ no "u plate1 x dis*>g+ fa/ en\gh into ! air4 ,:5 x is made n>r[]1 z ! figure betwe5 ! prick$ l9es1 we call x ! ,gold5 ,fi%1 f its mann] ( act+4 ,= if y take x by ! tail1 & hold x at a foot or great] horizontal di/ance f ! prime conductor1 x w1 :5 let g1 fly to x ) a brisk b wav]+ motion1 l t ( an eel ?r\gh ! wat]2 x w !n take place "u ! prime conductor1 at p]haps a qu>t] or half an in* di/ance1 & keep a cont9ual %ak+ ( its tail l a fi%1 s t x seems animat$4 ,turn its tail t[>ds ! prime conductor1 & !n x flies to y\r f+]1 & seems to nibble x4 ,& if y hold a plate "u x at six or eight in*es di/ance1 & cease turn+ ! ,globe1 :5 ! electrical atmosph]e ( ! conductor gr[s small1 x w desc5d to ! plate & swim back aga9 sev]al times ) ! same fi%-l motion1 greatly to ! ent]ta9m5t ( spectators4 ,by a little practice 9 blunt+ or %>p5+ ! heads or tails ( ^! figures1 y may make !m take place z desir$1 ne>]1 or f>!r f ! electrifi$ plate4 #bg4 ,x is said 9 section #h1 ( ?is pap]1 t all k9ds ( common matt] are suppos$ n to attract ! electrical fluid ) equal /r5g?2 & t ^? call$ electrics p] se1 z glass1 c4 attract & reta9 x /ronge/1 & conta9 ! greate/ quantity4 ,?is latt] position may seem a p>adox to "s1 be+ contr>y to ! hi!rto receiv$ op9ion2 & !re=e ,i %all n[ endeav\r to expla9 x4 #bh4 ,9 ord] to ?is1 let x fir/ be consid]$1 t we _c1 by any means we are yet acqua9t$ )1 =ce ! electrical fluid ?ro' glass4 ,i "k x is commonly ?\ght t x easily p]vades glass1 & ! exp]im5t ( a fea!r susp5d$ by a ?read 9 a bottle h]metically seal$1 yet mov$ by br++ a nibb$ tube ne> ! outside ( ! bottle1 is all$g$ to prove x4 ,b1 if ! electrical fluid s easily p]vades glass1 h[ does ! vial become *>g$ 7z we t]m x7 :5 we hold x 9 our h&s8 ,w\ld n ! fire ?r[n 9 by ! wire pass ?r\gh to our h&s1 & s escape into ! floor8 ,w\ld n ! bottle 9 t case be left j z we f\nd x1 un*>g$1 z we "k a metal bottle s attempt$ to be *>g$ w\ld be8 ,inde$1 if !re be ! lea/ crack1 ! m9ute/ solution ( cont9uity 9 ! glass1 ?\gh x rema9s s tight t no?+ else we "k ( w pass1 yet ! extremely subtile electrical fluid flies ?r\gh su* a crack ) ! greate/ fre$om1 & su* a bottle we "k c nev] be *>g$3 ,:at !n makes ! diff]5ce betwe5 su* a bottle & "o t is s\nd1 b ?is1 t ! fluid c pass ?r\gh ! "o1 & n ?r\gh ! o!r8#h #bi4 ,x is true !re is an exp]im5t t at fir/ sight w\ld be apt to satisfy a slight obs]v]1 t ! fire ?r[n into ! bottle by ! wire1 does really pass ?ro' ! glass4 ,x is ?is3 place ! bottle on a glass /&1 "u ! prime conductor2 susp5d a bullet by a *a9 f ! prime conductor1 till x comes )9 a qu>t] ( an in* "r ov] ! wire ( ! bottle2 place y\r knuckle on ! glass /&1 at j ! same di/ance f ! coat+ ( ! bottle1 z ! bullet is f its wire4 ,n[ let ! globe be turn$1 & y see a sp>k /rike f ! bullet to ! wire ( ! bottle1 & ! same in/ant y see & feel an exactly equal sp>k /rik+ f ! coat+ on y\r knuckle1 & s on sp>k = sp>k4 ,?is looks z if ! :ole receiv$ by ! bottle 0 aga9 dis*>g$ f x4 ,& yet ! bottle by ?is means is *>g$6#i ,& !re=e ! fire t ?us leaves ! bottle1 ?\gh ! same 9 quantity1 _c be ! v same fire t ent]$ at ! wire2 = if x 71 ! bottle w\ld rema9 un*>g$4 #cj4 ,if ! fire t s leaves ! bottle be n ! same t is ?r[n 9 ?r\gh ! wire1 x mu/ be fire t subsi/$ 9 ! bottle1 7t is1 9 ! glass ( ! bottle7 be=e ! op]ation began4 #ca4 ,if s1 !re mu/ be a great quantity 9 glass1 because a great quantity is ?us dis*>g$ ev5 f v ?9 glass4 #cb4 ,t ?is electrical fluid or fire is /rongly attract$ by glass1 we "k f ! quickness & viol5ce ) :i* x is resum$ by ! "p t _h be5 depriv$ ( x1 :5 !re is an opportunity4 ,& by ?is1 t we _c f a mass ( glass draw a quantity ( electrical fire1 or electrify ! :ole mass m9us1 z we c a mass ( metal4 ,we _c less5 or increase its :ole quantity1 = ! quantity x has x holds2 & x has z mu* z x c hold4 ,its pores are fill$ ) x z full z ! mutual repell5cy ( ! p>ticles w admit2 & :at is already 91 refuses1 or /rongly repels1 any additional quantity4 ,nor h we any way ( mov+ ! electrical fluid 9 glass1 b "o2 t is1 by cov]+ "p ( ! two surfaces ( ?9 glass ) non-electrics1 & !n ?r[+ an additional quantity ( ?is fluid on "o surface1 :i* spread+ 9 ! non-electric1 & be+ b\nd by x to t surface1 acts by its repell+ =ce on ! p>ticles ( ! electrical fluid conta9$ 9 ! o!r surface1 & drives !m out ( ! glass into ! non-electric on t side1 f :5ce !y are dis*>g$1 & !n ^? add$ on ! *>g$ side c ent]4 ,b :5 ?is is done1 !re is no m 9 ! glass1 nor less ?an be=e1 j z mu* hav+ left x on "o side z x receiv$ on ! o!r4 ,illu/ration #cc4 ,i feel a want ( t]ms "h1 & d\bt mu* :e!r ,i %all be able to make ?is "p intelligible4 ,by ! ^w surface1 9 ?is case1 ,i d n mean m]e l5g? & bread? )\t ?ickness2 b :5 ,i speak ( ! upp] or "u surface ( a piece ( glass1 ! out] or inn] surface ( ! vial1 ,i mean l5g?1 bread?1 & half ! ?ickness1 & beg ! fav\r ( be+ s und]/ood4 ,n[1 ,i suppose1 t glass 9 its fir/ pr9ciples1 & 9 ! ,furnace1 has no m ( ?is electrical fluid ?an o!r common matt]3 ,t :5 x is bl[n1 z x cools1 & ! p>ticles ( common fire leave x1 its pores become a vacuum3 ,t ! compon5t p>ts ( glass are extremely small & f9e1 ,i guess f its nev] %[+ a r\gh face :5 x breaks1 b always a poli%2 & f ! smallness ( its p>ticles ,i suppose ! pores betwe5 !m mu/ be exce$+ small1 :i* is ! reason t ,aqua-=tis1 nor any o!r m5/ruum we h1 c ent] to sep>ate !m & dissolve ! sub/ance2 nor is any fluid we "k (1 f9e en\gh to ent]1 except common fire1 & ! electrical fluid4 ,n[ ! dep>t+ fire leav+ a vacuum1 z a=esaid1 betwe5 ^! pores1 :i* air nor wat] are f9e en\gh to ent] & fill1 ! electrical fluid 7:i* is e :]e ready 9 :at we call ! non-electrics1 & 9 ! non-electric ,mixtures t are 9 ! air17 is attract$ 93 yet does n become fix$ ) ! sub/ance ( ! glass1 b subsi/s !re z wat] 9 a por\s /one1 reta9$ only by ! attraction ( ! fix$ p>ts1 itself /ill loose & a fluid4 ,b ,i suppose f>!r1 t 9 ! cool+ ( ! glass1 its texture becomes close/ 9 ! middle1 & =ms a k9d ( p>tition1 9 :i* ! pores are s n>r[1 t ! p>ticles ( ! electrical fluid1 :i* ent] bo? surfaces at ! same "t1 _c g ?r\gh1 or pass & repass f "o surface to ! o!r1 & s mix toge!r2 yet1 ?\gh ! p>ticles ( electrical fluid1 imbib$ by ea* surface1 _c !mselves pass ?r\gh to ^? ( ! o!r1 _! repell5cy c1 & by ?is means !y act on "o ano!r4 ,! p>ticles ( ! electrical fluid h a mutual repell5cy1 b by ! p[] ( attraction 9 ! glass !y are cond5s$ or =c$ ne>] to ea* o!r4 ,:5 ! glass has receiv$ &1 by its attraction1 =c$ clos] toge!r s mu* ( ?is electrifi$ fluid1 z t ! p[] ( attract+ & cond5s+ 9 ! "o1 is equal to ! p[] ( expansion 9 ! o!r1 x c imbibe no m1 & t rema9s its con/ant :ole quantity2 b ea* surface w\ld receive m1 if ! repell5cy ( :at is 9 ! opposite surface did n resi/ its entrance4 ,! quantities ( ?is fluid 9 ea* surface be+ equal1 _! repell+ action on ea* o!r is equal2 & !re=e ^? ( "o surface _c drive out ^? ( ! o!r3 b1 if a great] quantity is =c$ into "o surface ?an ! glass w\ld naturally draw 92 ?is increases ! repell+ p[] on t side1 & ov]p[]+ ! attraction on ! o!r1 drives out "p ( ! fluid t _h be5 imbib$ by t surface1 if !re be any non-electric ready to receive x3 su* !re is 9 all cases :]e glass is electrifi$ to give a %ock4 ,! surface t has be5 ?us empti$ by hav+ its electrical fluid driv5 out1 resumes aga9 an equal quantity ) viol5ce1 z soon z ! glass has an opportunity to dis*>ge t ov]-quantity m ?an x c\ld reta9 by attraction 9 its o!r surface1 by ! additional repell5cy ( :i* ! vacuum _h be5 occasion$4 ,= exp]im5ts fav\r+ 7if ,i may n say confirm+7 ?is hypo!sis1 ,i mu/1 to avoid repetition1 beg leave to ref] y back to :at is said ( ! electrical phial 9 my =m] pap]s4 #cd4 ,let u n[ see h[ x w acc\nt = sev]al o!r appe>ances4--,glass1 a body extremely ela/ic 7& p]haps its ela/icity may be ow+ 9 "s degree to ! subsi/+ ( s great a quantity ( ?is repell+ fluid 9 its pores7 mu/1 :5 rubb$1 h its rubb$ surface some:at /ret*$1 or its solid p>ts drawn a little f>!r asund]1 s t ! vacancies 9 :i* ! electrical fluid resides1 become l>g]1 af=d+ room = m ( t fluid1 :i* is imm$iately attract$ into x f ! cu%ion or h& rubb+1 !y be+ supply'd f ! common /ock4 ,b ! in/ant ! p>ts ( ! glass s op5'd & fill'd h pass'd ! friction1 !y close aga91 & =ce ! additional quantity out ^u ! surface1 :]e x mu/ re/ till t "p comes r\nd to ! cu%ion aga91 unless "s non electric 7z ! prime conductor7 fir/ pres5ts to receive x4#aj ,b if ! inside ( ! globe be l9$ ) a non-electric1 ! additional repell5cy ( ! electrical fluid1 ?us collect$ by friction on ! rubb'd "p ( ! globe's out] surface1 drives an equal quantity out ( ! inn] surface into t non-electric l9+1 :i* receiv+ x1 & c>ry+ x away f ! rubb'd "p into ! common mass1 ?r\gh ! axis ( ! globe & frame ( ! ma*9e1 ! new collect$ electrical fluid c ent] & rema9 9 ! out] surface1 & none ( x 7or a v little7 w be receiv$ by ! prime conductor4 ,z ?is *>g'd "p ( ! globe comes r\nd to ! cu%ion aga91 ! out] surface deliv]s its ov]plus fire into ! cu%ion1 ! opposite inn] surface receiv+ at ! same "t an equal quantity f ! floor4 ,e electrician kn[s t a globe wet )9 w af=d little or no fire1 b ! reason has n be=e be5 attempt$ to be giv51 t ,i "k (4 #cd4 ,s if a tube l9$ ) a #aanon-electric1 be rubb'd1 little or no fire is obta9$ f x4 ,:at is collect$ f ! h& 9 ! d[nw>d rubb+ /roke1 ent]+ ! pores ( ! glass1 & driv+ an equal quantity out ( ! inn] surface into ! non-electric l9+3 & ! h& 9 pass+ up to take a second /roke1 takes out aga9 :at _h be5 ?r[n into ! out] surface1 & !n ! inn] surface receives back aga9 :at x _h giv5 to ! non-electric l9+4 ,?us ! p>ticles ( electrical fluid belong+ to ! inside surface g 9 & out ( _! pores e /roke giv5 to ! tube4 ,put a wire into ! tube1 ! inw>d end 9 contact ) ! non-electric l9+1 s x w repres5t ! ,leyd5 bottle4 ,let a second p]son t\* ! wire :ile y rub1 & ! fire driv5 out ( ! inw>d surface :5 y give ! /roke1 w pass ?r\gh him into ! common mass1 & return ?r\gh him :5 ! inn] surface resumes its quantity1 & !re=e ?is new k9d ( ,leyd5 bottle _c s be *>g$4 ,b ?us x may3 aft] e /roke1 be=e y pass y\r h& up to make ano!r1 let ! second p]son apply 8 f+] to ! wire1 take ! sp>k1 & !n )draw 8 f+]2 & s on till he has drawn a numb] ( sp>ks2 ?us w ! inn] surface be exhau/$1 & ! out] surface *>g$2 !n wrap a %eet ( gilt pap] close r\nd ! out] surface1 & grasp+ x 9 y\r h& y may receive a %ock by apply+ ! f+] ( ! o!r h& to ! wire3 = n[ ! vacant pores 9 ! inn] surface resume _! quantity1 & ! ov]*>g'd pores 9 ! out] surface dis*>ge t ov]plus2 ! equilibrium be+ re/or$ ?r\gh y\r body1 :i* c\ld n be re/or$ ?r\gh ! glass4#ab ,if ! tube be exhau/$ ( air1 a non electric l9+ 9 contact ) ! wire is n necess>y2 = 9 vacuo1 ! electrical fire w fly freely f ! inn] surface1 )\t a non-electric conductor3 b air resi/s its motion2 = be+ itself an electric p] se1 x does n attract x1 hav+ already its quantity4 ,s ! air nev] draws (f an electric atmosph]e f any body1 b 9 proportion to ! non-electrics mix'd ) x3 x r keeps su* an atmosph]e conf9'd1 :i* f ! mutual repulsion ( its p>ticles1 t5ds to dissipation1 & w\ld imm$iately dissipate 9 vacuo4--,& ?us ! exp]im5t ( ! fea!r inclos$ 9 a glass vessel h]metically seal$1 b mov+ on ! approa* ( ! rubb$ tube1 is expla9$3 ,:5 an additional quantity ( ! electrical fluid is appli$ to ! side ( ! vessel by ! atmosph]e ( ! tube1 a quantity is repell$ & driv5 out ( ! inn] surface ( t side into ! vessel1 & !re affects ! fea!r1 return+ aga9 into its pores1 :5 ! tube ) its atmosph]e is )drawn2 n t ! p>ticles ( t atmosph]e did !mselves pass ?r\gh ! glass to ! fea!r4----,& e o!r appe>ance ,i h yet se51 9 :i* glass & electricity are conc]n'd1 are1 ,i ?9k1 expla9'd ) equal ease by ! same hypo!sis4 ,yet1 p]haps1 x may n be a true "o1 & ,i %all be oblig$ to him t af=ds me a bett]4 #ce4 ,?us ,i take ! diff]5ce betwe5 non electrics & glass1 an electric p] se1 to consi/ 9 ^! two p>ticul>s4 #a/1 ,t a non-electric easily suff]s a *ange 9 ! quantity ( ! electrical fluid x conta9s4 ,y may less5 its :ole quantity by draw+ out a "p1 :i* ! :ole body w aga9 resume2 b ( glass y c only less5 ! quantity conta9'd 9 "o ( its surfaces2 & n t1 b by supply+ an equal quantity at ! same "t to ! o!r surface2 s t ! :ole glass may always h ! same quantity 9 ! two surfaces1 _! two diff]5t quantities be+ add$ toge!r4 ,& ?is c only be done 9 glass t is ?92 beyond a c]ta9 ?ickness we h yet no p[] t c make ?is *ange4 ,&1 #b;dly1 t ! electrical fire freely removes f place to place1 9 & ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( a non-electric1 b n s ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( glass4 ,if y (f] a quantity to "o end ( a long rod ( metal1 x receives x1 & :5 x ent]s1 e p>ticle t 0 be=e 9 ! rod1 pu%es its neighb\r q to ! fur!r end1 :]e ! ov]plus is dis*>g'd2 & ?is in/antane\sly :]e ! rod is "p ( ! circle 9 ! exp]im5t ( ! %ock4 ,b glass1 f ! smallness ( its pores1 or /rong] attraction ( :at x conta9s1 refuses to admit s free a motion2 a glass rod w n conduct a %ock1 nor w ! ?9ne/ glass suff] any p>ticle entr+ "o ( its surfaces to pass ?ro' to ! o!r4 #cf4 ,h5ce we see ! impossibility ( success1 9 ! exp]im5ts propos'd1 to draw out ! effluvial virtues ( a non-electric1 z c9namon = in/ance1 & mix+ !m ) ! electrical fluid1 to convey !m ) t into ! body1 by includ+ x 9 ! globe1 & !n apply+ friction1 etc4 ,= ?\gh ! effluvia ( c9namon1 & ! electrical fluid %\ld mix )9 ! globe1 !y w\ld nev] come out toge!r ?r\gh ! pores ( ! glass1 & s g to ! prime conductor2 = ! electrical fluid itself _c come ?r\gh2 & ! prime conductor is always supply'd f ! cu%ion1 & t f ! floor4 ,& besides1 :5 ! globe is fill$ ) c9namon1 or o!r non-electric1 no electrical fluid c be obta9'd f its out] surface1 = ! reason be=e-m5tion$4 ,i h try'd ano!r way1 :i* ,i ?\ght m likely to obta9 a mixture ( ! electrical & o!r effluvia toge!r1 if su* a mixture _h be5 possible4 ,i plac$ a glass plate "u my cu%ion1 to cut (f ! communication betwe5 ! cu%ion & floor2 !n br\ght a small *a9 f ! cu%ion into a glass ( oil ( turp5t9e1 & c>ri$ ano!r *a9 f ! oil ( turp5t9e to ! floor1 tak+ c>e t ! *a9 f ! cu%ion to ! glass t\*'d no "p ( ! frame ( ! ma*9e4 ,ano!r *a9 0 fix'd to ! prime conductor1 & held 9 ! h& ( a p]son to be electris$4 ,! ends ( ! two *a9s 9 ! glass 7 ne> an in* di/ant f ea* o!r1 ! oil ( turp5t9e betwe54 ,n[ ! globe be+ turn'd1 c\ld draw no fire f ! floor ?r\gh ! ma*9e1 ! communication t way be+ cut (f by ! ?ick glass plate "u ! cu%ion3 x mu/ !n draw x ?r\gh ! *a9s ^: ends 7 dipt 9 ! oil ( turp5t9e4 ,& z ! oil ( turp5t9e be+ an electric p] se1 w\ld n conduct :at came up f ! floor1 0 oblig$ to jump f ! end ( "o *a91 to ! end ( ! o!r1 ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( t oil1 :i* we c\ld see 9 l>ge sp>ks2 & s x _h a fair opportunity ( seiz+ "s ( ! f9e/ p>ticles ( ! oil 9 its passage1 & c>ry+ !m (f ) x3 b no su* effect foll[$1 nor c\ld ,i p]ceive ! lea/ diff]5ce 9 ! smell ( ! electrical effluvia ?us collect$1 f :at x has :5 collect$ o!rwise2 nor does x o!rwise affect ! body ( a p]son electris$4 ,i likewise put into a phial1 in/ead ( wat]1 a /rong purgative liquid1 & !n *>g$ ! phial1 & took repeat$ %ocks f x1 9 :i* case e p>ticle ( ! electrical fluid mu/1 be=e x w5t ?r\gh my body1 h fir/ gone ?r\gh ! liquid :5 ! phial is *>g+1 & return$ ?r\gh x :5 dis*>g+1 yet no o!r effect foll[$ ?an if x _h be5 *>g$ ) wat]4 ,i h also smelt ! electrical fire :5 drawn ?r\gh gold1 silv]1 copp]1 lead1 iron1 wood1 & ! human body1 & c\ld p]ceive no diff]5ce2 ! od\r is always ! same :]e ! sp>k does n burn :at x /rikes2 & !re=e ,i imag9e x does n take t smell f any quality ( ! bodies x passes ?r\gh4 ,& inde$1 z t smell s readily leaves ! electrical matt]1 & adh]es to ! knuckle receiv+ ! sp>ks1 & to o!r ?+s2 ,i suspect t x nev] 0 connect$ ) x1 b arises in/antane\sly f some?+ 9 ! air act$ ^u by x4 ,= if x 0 f9e en\gh to come ) ! electrical fluid ?r\gh ! body ( "o p]son1 :y %\ld x /op on ! sk9 ( ano!r8 ,b ,i %all nev] h done1 if ,i tell y all my conjectures1 ?\ghts1 & imag9ations1 on ! nature & op]ations ( ?is electrical fluid1 & relate ! v>iety ( little exp]im5ts we h try'd4 ,i h already made ?is pap] too long1 = :i* ,i mu/ crave p>don1 n hav+ n[ "t to make x %ort]4 ,i %all only add1 t z x has be5 obs]v$ "h t spirits w fire by ! electrical sp>k 9 ! summ] "t1 )\t heat+ !m1 :5 ,fahr5heit's !rmomet] is above #gj2 s1 :5 cold]1 if ! op]ator puts a small flat bottle ( spirits 9 8 bosom1 or a close pocket1 ) ! spoon1 "s little "t be=e he uses !m1 ! heat ( 8 body w communicate w>m? m ?an suffici5t = ! purpose4 ,,additional ,,exp]im5t1 prov+ t ! ,leyd5 ,bottle has no m electrical ,fire 9 x :5 *>g$1 ?an be=e2 nor less :5 dis*>g$3 ,t 9 dis*>g+1 ! ,fire does n issue f ! ,wire & ! ,coat+ at ! same ,"t1 z "s h ?\ght1 b t ! ,coat+ always receives :at is dis*>g$ by ! ,wire1 or an equal ,quantity2 ! out] ,surface be+ always 9 a negative ,/ate ( ,electricity1 :5 ! inn] ,surface is 9 a positive ,/ate4 ,place a ?ick plate ( glass "u ! rubb+ cu%ion1 to cut (f ! communication ( electrical fire f ! floor to ! cu%ion2 !n1 if !re be no f9e po9ts or hairy ?reads /ick+ out f ! cu%ion1 or f ! p>ts ( ! ma*9e opposite to ! cu%ion1 7( :i* y mu/ be c>eful7 y c get b a few sp>ks f ! prime conductor1 :i* are all ! cu%ion w "p )4 ,hang a phial !n on ! prime conductor1 & x w n *>ge1 ?o' y hold x by ! coat+4----,b ,=m a communication by a *a9 f ! coat+ to ! cu%ion1 & ! phial w *>ge4 ,= ! globe !n draws ! electrical fire out ( ! outside surface ( ! phial1 & =ces x1 ?r\gh ! prime conductor & wire ( ! phial1 into ! inside surface4 ,?us ! bottle is *>g$ ) its own fire1 no o!r be+ to be _h :ile ! glass plate is "u ! cu%ion4 ,hang two cork balls by flax5 ?reads to ! prime conductor2 !n t\* ! coat+ ( ! bottle1 & !y w be electrifi$ & rec$e f ea* o!r4 ,= j z mu* fire z y give ! coat+1 s mu* is dis*>g$ ?r\gh ! wire ^u ! prime conductor1 :5ce ! cork balls receive an electrical atmosph]e4 ,b ,take a wire b5t 9 ! =m ( a ,c1 ) a /ick ( wax fix$ to ! outside ( ! curve1 to hold x by2 & apply "o end ( ?is wire to ! coat+1 & ! o!r at ! same "t to ! prime conductor1 ! phial w be dis*>g$2 & if ! balls are n electrifi$ be=e ! dis*>ge1 nei!r w !y appe> to be s aft] ! dis*>ge1 = !y w n repel ea* o!r4 ,n[ if ! fire dis*>g$ f ! inside surface ( ! bottle ?r\gh its wire1 rema9$ on ! prime conductor1 ! balls w\ld be electrifi$ & rec$e f ea* o!r4 ,if ! phial really explod$ at bo? ends1 & dis*>g$ fire f bo? coat+ & wire1 ! balls w\ld be m electrifi$ & rec$e f>!r3 = none ( ! fire c escape1 ! wax h&le prev5t+4 ,b if ! fire1 ) :i* ! inside surface is sur*>g$1 be s mu* precisely z is want$ by ! outside surface1 x w pass r\nd ?r\gh ! wire fix$ to ! wax h&le1 re/ore ! equilibrium 9 ! glass1 & make no alt]ation 9 ! /ate ( ! prime conductor4 ,accord+ly we f9d1 t if ! prime conductor be electrifi$1 & ! cork balls 9 a /ate ( repell5cy be=e ! bottle is *>g$1 !y cont9ue s aft]w>ds4 ,if n1 !y are n electrifi$ by t dis*>ge4 ,,corrections & ,,additions to ! ,,prec$+ ,,pap]s4 ,page #b1 ,sect4 #a4 ,we s9ce f9d1 t ! fire 9 ! bottle is n conta9$ 9 ! non-electric1 b 9 ! glass4 ,all t is aft] said ( ! top & bottom ( ! bottle1 is true ( ! inside & outside surfaces1 & %\ld h be5 s express$4 ,see ,sect4 #af1 p4 #af4 ,page #f1 ,l9e #ac4 ,! equilibrium w soon be re/or$ b sil5tly1 etc4 ,?is mu/ h be5 a mi/ake4 ,:5 ! bottle is full *>g$1 ! crook$ wire _c well be br\ght to t\* ! top & bottom s quick1 b t !re w be a l\d sp>k2 unless ! po9ts be %>p1 )\t loops4 ,ibid4 l9e ult4 ,outside3 add1 su* moi/ure cont9u+ up to ! cork or wire4 ,page #ab1 l9e #ad4 ,by c&le-light etc4 ,f "s obs]vations s9ce made1 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k1 t x is n ! light1 b ! smoke or non-electric effluvia f ! c&le1 coal1 & r$-hot iron1 t c>ry (f ! electrical fire1 be+ fir/ attract$ & !n repell$4 ,page #ac1 l9e #ae4 ,w9dmil :eels1 c4 ,we aft]w>ds discov]$1 t ! afflux or efflux ( ! electrical fire1 0 n ! cause ( ! motions ( ^? :eels1 b v>i\s circum/ances ( attraction & repulsion4 ,page #af1 l9e #ba4 ,let ,a & ,b /& on wax1 c4 ,we soon f\nd t x 0 only necess>y = "o ( !m to /& on wax4 ,page #ai4 9 ! title r4 on4 ,page #bd1 l9e #ab4 r4 contact1 l9e #bd4 conf9$4 ,page #be1 l9e #aj4 = /& r4 h&4 ,page #bh1 l9e #b4 ,! consequ5ce might p]haps be fatal1 c4 ,we h f\nd x fatal to small animals1 b 'tis n /rong en\gh to kill l>ge ones4 ,! bigge/ we h kill$ is a h54 ,page #ca1 l9e #bj4 ,r++ ( *imes1 c4 ,?is is s9ce done4 ,page #cc1 l9e #bb4 ,fails aft] t5 or twelve exp]im5ts4 ,?is 0 by a small bottle4 ,& s9ce f\nd to fail aft] ) a l>ge glass4 ,page #dj1 sect4 #ej1 #ea4 ,spirits mu/ be heat$ be=e we c fire !m1 c4 ,we h s9ce fir$ spirits )\t heat+1 :5 ! wea!r is w>m4 ,,f9is4 ,,books ,pr9t$ & ,sold by ,,edw>d ,,cave1 at ,/4 ,john's ,gate4 ,i4 ,geography ,re=m'd3 ,or1 ,a new ,sy/em ( ,g5]al ,geography accord+ to an accurate ,analysis ( ! ,sci5ce1 augm5t$ ) sev]al necess>y ,bran*es omitt$ by =m] ,au?ors4 ,9 f\r ,p>ts4 #a4 ,( ! ,nature & ,pr9ciples ( ,geography2 its anci5t & pres5t ,/ate 9 all ,nations1 its ,usefulness to ,p]sons ( all ,pr(essions1 & ! ,me?od ( /udy+ x2 ) its ,analysis or ,division into ,species1 accord+ to =m] ,au?ors1 & a new ,plan1 %ew+ ! ,errors & ,defects ( ^? by ,v>5ius1 ,sanson1 la ,matt9i]e1 ,p]e ,ca/el1 etc4 #b4 ,( ,ma!matical ,geography & its ,bran*es1 ,a/ronomical & ,geometrical3 ,%ew+ ! sev]al ,divisions ( ! ,e>? by ,regions1 ,hemisph]es1 ,zones1 ,climates1 ,m]idians & ,p>allels1 etc4 #c4 ,hi/orical ,geography & its ,species1 ,natural2 ,civil2 ,ecclesia/ical2 ,national2 ,p]iodical1 anci5t1 middle1 mod]n2 ,p>allel & ,critical4 #d4 ,( ,te*nical ,geography & its ,bran*es2 ,repres5tatory1 by ,globes & ,maps2 ,synoptical1 by ,tables2 & ,explanatory1 by ,sy/ems & ,diction>ies4 ,"u ea* ,bran* is giv5 an ,acc\nt ( its ,object & ,use1 an ,explanation ( ! ,t]ms1 ! ,hi/ory ( its ,rise & ,progress1 ) ,rules = exhibit+ x to ! be/ ,advantage4 ,! :ole illu/rat$ ) ,notes & ,ref]5ces to ! pr9cipal ,geograph]s ^: diff]5t ,s5tim5ts are cit$ & exam9$4 ,design$ = ! ,use ( ! ,curi\s 9 g5]al1 & ,/ud5ts 9 p>ticul>4 ,!re is add$ a copi\s ,index ( ! ,t]ms conta9$ 9 ! ,"w1 answ]+ ! ,end ( a ,diction>y ( ,g5]al ,geography4 ,! ,second ,edition4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 b\nd4 ,,ii4 ,memoirs ( ! ,royal ,academy ( ,surg]y at ,p>is4 ,conta9+ ,rem>ks1 ) practical ,obs]vations1 on ,tum\rs ( ! ,gall ,bladd]1 on ! ,?igh1 & ! ,tra*ea ,art]ia2 on ! ,use ( ! ,trepan2 ( ,w\nds 9 ! ,bra91 ,exfoliation ( ! ,cranium1 ,cases ( pregnant ,wom51 faulty ,anus 9 new born ,*ildr51 ,abscesses 9 ! ,fundam5t1 ,/ones ency/$ 9 ! ,bladd]1 ,ob/ructions to ! ,ejaculation ( ! ,sem51 an inv]t$ ,eyelid1 extrane\s ,bodies reta9$ 9 ! ,oesophagus1 dis*>g$ ?r\gh ,abscesses2 ( ,bron*otomy1 ,ga/rotomy1 native ,h>e-lips2 ( ! ,cs>ean ,op]ation2 a new ,me?od ( extract+ ! ,/one f ! ,bladd]1 on a ,canc] ( ! ,brea/1 an ela/ic ,truss = ,h]nias1 rem>kable ,h]nias ( ! ,/oma*1 & ?r\gh ! ,=am5 ,ovale4 ,( a pulmon>y ,abscess1 c4 ,translat$ f ! ,orig9al1 d$icat$ to ! ,fr5* ,k+4 ,9 two ,volumes1 ,octavo4 ,price #hs4 ,,iii4 ,a ,treatise ( ,comets1 conta9+1 #a4 ,an ,explication ( all ! v>i\s ,appe>ances ( ! late ,comet1 bo? 9 its own ,trajectory & ! ,firmam5t ( fixt ,/>s1 to its sett+ 9 ! ,sun ,beams3 ,illu/rat$ ) a ,plan ( ! ,e>?'s & ,comet's ,orbits4 #b4 ,! ,hi/ory ( ,comets f ! e>lie/ ,acc\nt ( ^? k9ds ( ,planets to ! pres5t ,"t2 :]e9 ! ,s5tim5ts ( ! ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,philosoph]s are occasionally display$4 ,) ,rem>ks on ! ,int5tional ,end ( ,comets1 & ! ,nature & ,design ( ,saturn's ,r+4 ,! ,di/ance1 ,velocity1 ,size1 ,solidity1 & o!r ,prop]ties ( ^? ,bodies consid]$2 & ! wond]ful ,phnom5a ( _! ,tails & ,atmosph]es acc\nt$ =4 ,illu/rat$ also by a ,copp]-,plate4 ,by ,g4 ,smi?4 ,price #as4 ,,iv4 ,! ,natural ,hi/ory ( ,m\nt ,vesuvius1 ) ! ,explanation ( ! v>i\s ,ph5om5a t usually att5d ! ,eruptions ( ?is celebrat$ ,volcano4 ,translat$ f ! orig9al ,italian1 compos$ by ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,naples1 by ,ord] ( ! ,k+ ( ! ,two ,sicilies4 ,price #bs4 /it*'d1 or #bs4 #f;d4 b\nd4 ,,footnotes4 #a ,we suppose e p>ticle ( s&1 moi/ure1 or smoke1 be+ fir/ attract$ & !n repell$1 c>ries (f ) x a portion ( ! electrical fire2 b t ! same /ill subsi/s 9 ^? p>ticles1 till !y communicate x to some?+ else2 & t x is nev] really de/roy$4--,s :5 wat] is ?r[n on common fire1 we d n imag9e ! elem5t is !reby de/roy$ or annihilat$1 b only disp]s$1 ea* p>ticle ( wat] c>ry+ (f 9 vap\r its portion ( ! fire1 :i* x _h attract$ & atta*$ to itself4 #b ,our tubes are made "h ( gre5 glass1 #bg or #cj in*es long1 z big z c be grasp$4 ,electricity is s mu* 9 vogue1 t above "o hundr$ ( !m h be5 sold )9 ^! f\r mon?s pa/4 #c ,to *>ge a bottle commodi\sly ?r\gh ! coat+1 place x on a glass /&2 =m a communication f ! prime conductor to ! coat+1 & ano!r f ! hook to ! wall or floor4 ,:5 x is *>g$1 remove ! latt] communication be=e y take hold ( ! bottle1 o!rwise great "p ( ! fire w escape by x4 #d ,! riv] t wa%es "o side ( ,philadelphia1 z ! ,delaw>e does ! o!r2 bo? are ornam5t$ ) ! summ] habitations1 ( ! citiz5s1 & ! agreeable mansions ( ! pr9cipal p ( ?is colony4 #e ,an electrifi$ bump]1 is a small ?9 glass tumbl]1 ne> fill$ ) w9e1 & electrifi$ z ! bottle4 ,?is :5 br\ght to ! lips gives a %ock1 if ! p>ty be close %av$1 & does n brea! on ! liquor4 #f ,?und]-gu/s are sudd5 /orms ( ?und] & lightn+1 :i* are frequ5tly ( %ort duration1 b sometimes produce mis*iev\s effects4 #g ,see ! +5i\s essays on electricity 9 ! ,transactions1 by ,mr ,ellicot4 #h ,see ! fir/ sixte5 ,sections ( my =m] ,pap]1 call$ ,f>!r ,exp]im5ts1 c4 #i ,see #aj ( ,f>!r ,exp]im5ts1 c4 #aj ,9 ! d>k ! electrical fluid may be se5 on ! cu%ion 9 two semi-circles or half-moons1 "o on ! =e "p1 ! o!r on ! back "p ( ! cu%ion1 j :]e ! globe & cu%ion sep>ate4 ,9 ! =e cresc5t ! fire is pass+ out ( ! cu%ion into ! glass2 9 ! o!r x is leav+ ! glass1 & return+ into ! back "p ( ! cu%ion4 ,:5 ! prime conductor is apply'd to take x (f ! glass1 ! back cresc5t disappe>s4 #aa ,gilt pap]1 ) ! gilt face next ! glass1 does well4 #ab ,see f>!r exp]im5ts1 #ae4