,composition ,a s]ies ( ex]cises 9 art /ructure = ! use ( /ud5ts & tea*]s ,by ,ar?ur ,wesley ,d[ ,pr(essor ( ,f9e ,arts 9 ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity ,new ,york ,city ,=m]ly ,in/ructor 9 ,art at ! ,pratt ,in/itute ,au?or ( ,!ory & ,practice ( ,tea*+ ,art & ,! ,ipswi* ,pr9ts ,,n9? ,,edition--,,revis$ ,,& ,,enl>g$ ,,) ,,new ,,illu/rations ,,& ,,color ,,plates ,syn!sis ,g>d5 ,city1 ,new ,york ,,d\bl$ay1 ,,page ,,company #aiad ,,cont5ts ,,beg9n+s ,,! ,,?ree ,,elem5ts ,i4 ,,l9e--,,notan--,,color ,,l9e ,,draw+ ,,ii4--,,japanese ,,mat]ials ,,& ,,bru% ,,practice ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,composition ,,iii4--,,ways ,,( ,,creat+ ,,h>mony ,,l9e ,,iv4--,,composition ,,9 ,,squ>es ,,& ,,circles ,v4--,,composition ,,9 ,,rectangles--,,v>iation ,,vi4--,,l&scape ,,composition ,,vii4--,,composition ,,9 ,,repres5tation ,,notan ,,viii4--,,h>mony,,build+ ,,) ,,d>k,,&,,light ,,ix4--,,two ,,values--,,v>iations--,,design ,x4--,,two ,,values--,,l&scape ,,& ,,pictures ,,xi4--,,two ,,values--,,go?ic ,,sculpture ,,japanese ,,design ,,books4 ,,applications ,,( ,,two ,,values ,,xii4--,,?ree ,,values ,,xiii4--,,m ,,?an ,,?ree ,,values ,,color ,,xiv4--,,color ,,!ory ,,xv4--,,color ,,d]iv$ ,,f ,,notan ,,xvi4--,,color ,,s*emes ,,f ,,japanese ,,pr9ts ,,& ,,f ,,textiles ,,composition ,,xvii4--,,9 ,,design ,,& ,,pa9t+ ,,conclusion ,,ackn[l$gm5ts ,note4--,! au?or gratefully ackn[l$ges ! c\rtesy ( ^? nam$ bel[ 9 accord+ him p]mission to use photographs ( c]ta9 pa9t+s & objects ( art z illu/rations = ?is book4 ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts1 ,bo/on ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new ,york ,! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london ,muse de ,cluny4 ,p>is 7,j4 ,l]oy1 photograph]7 ,muse de ,sculpture ,comp>e4 ,p>is ,dr4 ,william ,/urgis ,bigel[1 ,bo/on 7p]mission to photograph ,japanese pa9t+s7 ,mr4 ,fr$]ick ,w4 ,gook9 7use ( photographs f ,k5zan & ,kano ,gyokuraku1 made specially = ,mr4 ,gook91 ,bo/on ,m4 ,f4 ,a4 ,giacomo ,brogi1 ,flor5ce ,fratelli ,al9>i4 ,flor5ce ,d4 ,&]son1 ,rome ,w4 ,a4 ,mansell ,co41 ,london ,f4 ,ro?i]1 ,reims1 ,france1 & ,kalt5ba*]1 ,ami5s1 ,france 7! ,rusk9 photograph]7 ,lic5se to use photographs 0 also obta9$ f ! ,autotype ,f9e ,art ,company1 ,limit$1 ,london 7! ,mi*elangelo draw+1 page #ea71 & f ,baldw9 ,coolidge1 ,bo/on4 ,l&scape ,aft] ,titlepage ,,beg9n+s ,9 writ+ ?is book my ma9 purpose is to set =? a way ( ?9k+ ab\t art4 ,! mo/ t su* a book c d is to direct ! ?\ghts1 awak5 a s5se ( p[] & po9t to ways ( controll+ x4 ,! pr9ciples ( art tea*+ "h outl9$ might be illu/rat$ 9 o!r ways & ) bett] examples4 ,i hope ! read] w see h[ ea* *apt] c be develop$ into _m sets ( lessons4 ,! progressions c be v>i$1 mat]ials *ang$1 lessons amplifi$ & diff]5t designs *os51 provid+ !re is no sacrifice ( ess5tials4 ,! book is bas$ ^u my exp]i5ce 9 pa9t+ & tea*+ = m ?an tw5ty ye>s4 ,! fir/ edition ( ,composition 0 publi%$ 9 #ahii4 ,9 ?is revision ,i h made _m additions & us$ new illu/rations )\t dep>t+ f !ory or pr9ciples4 ,composition 0 *os5 z a title because t ^w expresses ! idea ^u :i* ! me?od "h pres5t$ is f\nd$--! 8putt+ toge!r0 ( l9es1 masses & colors to make a h>mony4 ,design1 und]/ood 9 its broad s5se1 is a bett] ^w1 b popul> usage has re/rict$ x to decoration4 ,composition1 build+ up ( h>mony1 is ! fundam5tal process 9 all ! f9e arts4 ,i hold t art %\ld be approa*$ ?r\gh composition r ?an ?r\gh imitative draw+4 ,! _m diff]5t acts & processes comb9$ 9 a "w ( art may be attack$ & ma/]$ "o by "o1 & !reby a p[] ga9$ to h&le !m unconsci\sly :5 !y mu/ be us$ toge!r4 ,if a few elem5ts c be unit$ h>moni\sly1 a /ep has be5 tak5 t[>d fur!r creation4 ,only ?r\gh ! appreciations does ! compos] recognize a h>mony4 ,h5ce ! ef=t to f9d art/ructure resolves itself into a developm5t ( appreciation4 ,?is faculty is a common human possession b may rema9 inactive4 ,a way mu/ be f\nd to lay hold ^u x & cause x to gr[4 ,a natural me?od is t ( ex]cises 9 progressive ord]1 fir/ build+ up v simple h>monies1 !n proce$+ on to ! highe/ =ms ( composition4 ,su* a me?od ( /udy includes all k9ds ( draw+1 design & pa9t+4 ,x (f]s a means ( tra9+ = ! creative arti/1 = ! tea*] or = "o :o /udies art = ! sake ( culture4 ,?is approa* to art ?r\gh ,/ructure is absolutely oppos$ to ! "t honor$ approa* ?r\gh ,imitation4 ,= a great :ile we h be5 tea*+ art ?r\gh imitation--( nature & ! 8hi/oric /yles0--leav+ /ructure to take c>e ( itself2 ga!r+ k ( facts b acquir+ little p[] to use !m4 ,?is is :y s mu* mod]n pa9t+ is b picturewrit+2 only /orytell+1 n art2 & s mu* ar*itecture & decoration only dead copies ( conv5tional motives4 ,good draw+ results f tra9$ judgm5t1 n f ! mak+ ( facsimiles or maps4 ,tra9 ! judgm5t1 & ability to draw gr[s naturally4 ,s*ools t foll[ ! imitative or academic way reg>d draw+ z a prep>ation = design1 :]eas ! v opposite is ! logical ord]--design a prep>ation = draw+4 ,soon aft] ! "t ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci art education 0 classifi$ into ,repres5tative 7imitative71 & ,decorative1 ) sep>ate s*ools = ea*--a s]i\s mi/ake :i* has result$ 9 loss ( public appreciation4 ,pa9t+1 :i* is ess5tially a rhy?mic h>mony ( color$ spaces1 became sculptural1 an imitation ( modell+4 ,decoration became trivial1 a lifeless copy+ ( /yles4 ,! true relation betwe5 design & repres5tation 0 lo/4 ,?is error is longliv$4 ,an inf9ite am\nt ( "t is wa/$ 9 misdirect$ ef=t because tradition has a /rong hold1 & because arti/s :o h nev] made a /udy ( education keep to old ruts :5 !y tea*4 ,?is academic sy/em ( art/udy ignores fundam5tal /ructure1 h5ce ! "y pupil und]/&s b few phases ( art4 ,confront$ ) a ,japanese ink pa9t+1 a fresco by ,giotto or a ,go?ic /atue he is unable to recognize _! art value4 ,inde$ he may pref] mod]n clev] nature imitation to imag9ative "w ( any p]iod4 ,/udy ( composition ( ,l9e1 ,mass & ,color leads to appreciation ( all =ms ( art & ( ! beauty ( nature4 ,draw+ ( natural objects !n becomes a language ( expression4 ,!y are drawn because !y are beautiful or because !y are to be us$ 9 "s art "w4 ,facility 9 draw+ w come m quickly 9 ?is way ?an by a dull r\t9e ( imitation ) no def9ite end 9 view4 ,! hi/ory ( ?is /ructural sy/em ( art tea*+ may be /at$ 9 a few words2 & "h ,i am giv5 ! opportunity to express my indebt$ness to "o ^: voice is n[ sil5t4 ,an exp]i5ce ( five ye>s 9 ! ,fr5* s*ools left me ?or\ghly dissatisfi$ ) academic !ory4 ,9 a se>* = some?+ m vital ,i began a comp>ative /udy ( ! art ( all nations & epo*s4 ,:ile pursu+ an inve/igation ( ,ori5tal pa9t+ & design at ! ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts ,i met ! late ,pr(essor ,erne/ ,f4 ,f5ollosa4 ,he 0 !n 9 *>ge ( ! ,japanese collections1 a consid]able portion ( :i* _h be5 ga!r$ by him 9 ,japan4 ,he 0 a philosoph] & logician gift$ ) a brilliant m9d ( great analytical p[]4 ,?is1 ) r>e appreciation1 gave him an insight into ! nature ( f9e art su* z few ev] atta94 ,z imp]ial art commission] = ! ,japanese gov]nm5t he _h exceptional opportunities = a critical k ( bo? ,ea/]n & ,we/]n art4 ,he at once gave me 8 cordial support 9 my que/1 = he also felt ! inadequacy ( mod]n art tea*+4 ,he vigor\sly advocat$ a radically diff]5t idea1 bas$ z 9 music1 ^u syn!tic pr9ciples4 ,he believ$ music to be1 9 a s5se1 ! key to ! o!r f9e arts1 s9ce its ess5ce is pure beauty2 t space art may be call$ 8visual music01 & may be /udi$ & criticis$ f ?is po9t ( view4 ,conv9c$ t ?is new conception 0 a m reasonable approa* to art1 ,i gave mu* "t to prep>+ ) ,pr(essor ,f5ollosa a progressive s]ies ( syn!tic ex]cises4 ,my fir/ exp]im5t 9 apply+ ^! 9 tea*+ 0 made 9 #ahhi 9 my ,bo/on classes1 ) ,pr(essor ,f5ollosa z lectur] on ! philosophy & hi/ory ( art4 ,! results ( ! "w ?us begun attract$ ! att5tion ( "s educators1 notably ,mr4 ,fr$]ic ,b4 ,pratt1 ( t great in/itution :]e a fa!r's vision has be5 giv5 =m by ! sons4 ,?r\gh 8 p]sonal int]e/ & confid5ce 9 ^! /ructural pr9ciples1 a l>g] opportunity 0 (f]$ 9 ! art dep>tm5t ( ,pratt ,in/itute1 ,brooklyn4 ,"h dur+ v>i\s p]iods1 ,i _h *>ge ( classes 9 life draw+1 pa9t+1 design & normal art2 also ( a c\rse = ,k9d]g>t5 tea*]s4 ,pr(essor ,f5ollosa cont9u$ 8 lectures dur+ ! fir/ ye>4 ,! gr[? ( ! "w & its influ5ce ^u art tea*+ are n[ well kn[n4 ,9 #aijj ,i e/abli%$ ! ,summ] ,s*ool at ,ipswi*1 ,massa*usetts1 = ! purpose ( obta9+ a bett] k ( ! relation ( art to h&icraft & manual tra9+4 ,composition ( l9e1 mass & color 0 appli$ to design1 l&scape & v simple h& "w 9 metal1 wood block pr9t+ & textiles4 ,p>ts ( #aijc & '#jd 7 sp5t 9 ,japan1 ,india & ,egypt obs]v+ ! native crafts & ga!r+ illu/rative mat]ial4 ,9 #aijd ,i became director ( f9e arts 9 ,tea*]s ,college1 ,columbia ,univ]sity1 ,new ,york4 ,! art c\rses are n[ arrang$ 9 progressive s]ies ( syn!tic ex]cises 9 l9e1 d>k&light & color4 ,composition is made ! basis ( all "w 9 draw+1 pa9t+1 design+ & modell+--( h\se decoration & indu/rial arts--( normal c\rses & ( art tra9+ = *ildr51 ,aft] tw5ty ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 tea*+ ,i f9d t ! pr9ciples hold good "u v>y+ conditions1 & produce results ju/ify+ full confid5ce4 ,!y br+ to ! /ud5t1 :e!r design]1 craftsman1 sculptor or pa9t] an increase ( creative p[]2 to ! tea*]1 all ?is & an educational !ory capable ( ! wide/ application4 ,to all ^: loyal support has giv5 impetus & advancem5t to ?is "w--to ! pupils & fri5ds :o h s g5]\sly furni%$ examples = illu/ration--,i (f] mo/ grateful ackn[l$gm5ts4 ,,ar?ur ,,wesley ,,d[ ,new ,york1 #aiab ,,! ,,?ree ,,elem5ts ,i4 ,,l9e--,,notan--,,color ,ar*itecture1 ,sculpture1 ,pa9t+1 ,music & ,poetry are ! pr9cipal f9e arts4 ,( ^! ! fir/ ?ree are call$ ,space arts1 & take ! v>i\s =ms ( arrang+1 build+1 con/ruct+1 design+1 modell+ & picturepa9t+4 ,9 ! space arts !re are ?ree /ructural elem5ts ) :i* h>monies may be built up3 #a4 ,,l9e4 ,! *ief elem5t ( beauty 9 ar*itecture1 sculpture1 metal "w1 et*+1 l9e design & l9e draw+s4 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 #c1 #f1 #bc1 #ch4 #b4 ,,notan4 ,! *ief elem5t 9 illu/ration1 *>coal draw+1 mezzot9t1 ,ori5tal ink pa9t+ & ar*itectural light & %ade4 ,nos4 #e1 #ei1 #fj1 #fa4 #c4 ,,color4 ,! *ief elem5t 9 pa9t+1 ,japanese pr9ts1 textile design1 /a9$ glass1 embroid]y1 enamell+ & pott]y decoration4 ,nos4 #h1 #i1 & ,*ap4 ,,xiv4 ,no4 #a4 ,,l9e4 ,iron1 ,,xv ,c5tury ,no4 #b4 ,,l9e--,fly+ ,buttresses1 ,*>tres ,ca!dral ,! t]m ,,l9e ref]s to b\nd>ies ( %apes & ! int]relations ( l9es & spaces4 ,l9ebeauty means h>mony ( comb9$ l9es or ! peculi> quality imp>t$ by special treatm5t4 ,! t]m ,,notan1 a ,japanese ^w mean+ 8d>k1 light01 ref]s to ! quantity ( light reflect$1 or ! mass+ ( tones ( diff]5t values4 ,notanbeauty means ! h>mony result+ f ! comb9ation ( d>k & light spaces--:e!r color$ or n--:e!r 9 build+s1 9 pictures1 or 9 nature4 ,no4 #c ,,l9e4 ,h>mony ( rhy?mic curves4 ,f book ( pr9ts by ,okumura ,masanobu1 ,japanese1 #ah? c5tury4 ,no4 #c ,,l9e4 ,h>mony ( rhy?mic curves4 ,f book ( pr9ts by ,okumura ,masanobu1 ,japanese1 #ah? c5tury4 ,c>eful di/9ction %\ld be made betwe5 ,,notan1 an elem5t ( univ]sal beauty1 & ,,light ,,& ,,%ad[1 a s+le fact ( ext]nal nature4 ,! t]m ,,color ref]s to quality ( light4 ,^! ?ree /ructural elem5ts are intimately relat$4 ,good color is dep5d5t ^u good notan1 & t 9 turn is dep5d5t ^u good spac+4 ,x seems reasonable !n t a /udy ( art %\ld beg9 ) l9e4 ,"o %\ld le>n to ?9k 9 t]ms ( l9e1 & be some:at famili> ) simple spac+ be=e attempt+ notan or color4 ,!re is dang]1 h[ev]1 ( los+ int]e/ by dwell+ ^u "o subject too long4 ,d>k &light mass+ w reveal ! mi/akes 9 spac+ & /imulate to r5ew$ ef=t4 ,color w reveal ! weakness ( d>k&light4 ,v "y pupils %\ld beg9 ) color b ! in/ructor w take pa9s to include spac+ & notan 9 ea* lesson4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 ! be/ plan is to take up ex]cises 9 ea* elem5t 9 turn2 !n g back to !m sep>ately & make m detail$ /udies2 !n comb9e !m1 proce$+ t[>d advanc$ compositions4 ,:atev] be ! *oice ( progression1 !re mu/ be a ?or\gh gr\nd+ 9 ! elem5t>y relations ( space cutt+ & simple mass+s ( d>k&light4 ,?is is ess5tial to successful "w 9 design+1 draw+1 modell+1 pa9t+1 ar*itecture & ! crafts4 ,no4 #d4 ,,l9e4 ,prie/1 f ,rheims ,ca!dral4 ,no4 #e4 ,v5etian ,lace #b values4 ,?ree values4 ,p]uvian1 ,f\r values4 ,no4 #f4 ,examples ( ,l9e ,h>mony4 ,greek ,sculpture1 ,aphrodite4 ,go?ic ,sculpture1 ,m>y4 ,no4 #f4 ,examples ( ,l9e ,h>mony4 ,greek ,sculpture1 ,aphrodite4 ,go?ic ,sculpture1 ,m>y4 ,no4 #g4 ,examples ( ,l9e & ,notan ,h>mony4 ,mi*elangelo4 ,botticelli4 ,go?ic ,f9ial4 ,rhodian ,w>e4 ,no4 #h4 ,examples ( ,color ,h>mony4 ,,hiro%ige4 8,taki no gawa at ,oji0 ,no4 #h4 ,examples ( ,color ,h>mony4 ,,hiro%ige4 8,taki no gawa at ,oji0 ,no4 #i4 ,examples ( ,color ,h>mony4 ,p]sian ,wool51 anci5t ,no4 #i4 ,examples ( ,color ,h>mony4 ,p]sian ,wool51 anci5t ,,l9e ,,draw+ ,,ii4--,,japanese ,,mat]ials ,,& ,,bru% ,,practice ,japanese bru%es1 ink & pap] are to be pref]r$ = ex]cises 9 l9e draw+1 trac+1 notan mass+ & wa%es 9 grays4 ,long bru%es are be/ = long cont9u\s l9es1 %ort bru%es = %>p corn]s & brok5 l9es4 ,= lett]+1 clip ! po9t ( a long l9ebru%1 7see p4 #ee7 ,japanese ,bru%es ,japanese pap] = arti/s' use is made ( ! b>k ( ! mulb]ry tree1 & is prep>$ ) a siz+ ( glue & alum4 ,unpr9t$ wall pap] 7l9+ pap]7 is s]viceable = practice "w4 8,bogus0 pap] & cov] pap]s c also be us$ = l9e or mass4 ,japanese ink mu/ be gr\nd ^u ! ink/one1 a slab ( slate4 ,int5se blackness c be secur$ imm$iately by us+ only a few drops ( wat]4 ,dry ! ink /ick1 & wrap 9 pap]2 nev] leave x soak+4 ,ink ( good quality1 & a clean /one are ess5tial4 ,tools p]fect$ by ages ( practice 9 l9e draw+ & bru% "w1 af=d ! be/ tra9+ = h& & eye4 ,pa9t+ ) ! ,japanese bru% leads directly to oil pa9t+4 ,if ,japanese mat]ials are n to be obta9$ or are n desir$1 ! ex]cises c be c>ri$ on ) p5cil1 *>coal1 wat] colors1 crayons1 & ev5 oil pa9t4 ,japanese ink & ink/one4 ,= l9e draw+ ! bru% is held 9 a p]p5dicul> position1 t x may move freely 9 all directions1 mu* l ! et*]'s ne$le4 ,! bru% %\ld be well *>g$ ) ink1 !n press$ firmly d[n ^u ! pap] till x spreads to ! wid? desir$ = ! l9e4 ,draw ) ! :ole h& & arm 9 "o sweep1 n ) ! f+]s4 ,/eady ! h& if necess>y by re/+ ! wri/ or end ( ! little f+] on ! pap]4 ,draw v sl[ly4 ,expressive l9e is n made by m]e mom5tum1 b by =ce ( w controll+ ! h&4 ,by draw+ sl[ly ! l9e c be wat*$ & guid$ z x gr[s "u ! bru% po9t4 ,slight wav]+s are n objectionable2 9 fact !y (t5 give "* to ! l9e4 ,mann] ( ,hold+ ! ,bru%4 ,,ex]cise ,beg9 ) /raight l9es1 rememb]+ t /raightness ( direction is ! ess5tial ?+1 n m]e geometric /raightness4 ,aft] "s practice ) /raight l9es1 try curves2 !n irregul> l9es4 ,copy bru% draw+s f ,japanese books1 = a /udy ( control ( ! h& & quality ( t\*1 ,no4 #aa1 p4 #ai4 ,?is practice "w c be done ^u ord9>y pap]4 ,! aim ( su* an ex]cise is to put ! h& "u control ( ! w1 b too mu* "t %\ld n be giv5 to m]e practice1 ap>t f design4 ,quality & p[] ( l9e are illu/rat$ 9 ! draw+s ( ma/]s1 ,no4 #aj & p4 #ah4 ,^! may be copi$ lat] on1 = a /udy ( advanc$ draw+4 ,practicel9es drawn ) ,japanese ,bru%4 ,practicel9es drawn ) ,japanese ,bru%4 ,,l9e ,,draw+ ,,ii4 ,,l9es ,,by ,,ma/]s4 ,,soga ,,%ubun4 ,,rhodian ,,plates4 ,,k5zan4 ,,rembr&t4 ,,l9e ,,draw+ ,,ii4 ,,l9es ,,by ,,ma/]s4 ,leon>do da ,v9ci4 ,mi*elangelo4 ,kano ,tanyu4 ,kano ,naonobu4 ,,l9e ,,draw+ ,,ii4 ,bru% draw+s f ,japanese ,books4 ,bru% ,draw+ ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,composition ,,iii4--,,ways ,,( ,,creat+ ,,h>mony ,f9e art1 by its v "n1 implies f9e relations4 ,art /udy is ! attempt to p]ceive & to create f9e relations ( l9e1 mass & color4 ,?is is done by orig9al ef=t /imulat$ by ! influ5ce ( good examples4 ,z f9e relations 7t is1 h>mony1 beauty7 c be und]/ood only ?r\gh ! appreciations1 ! :ole fabric ( art education %\ld be bas$ ^u a tra9+ 9 appreciation4 ,?is p[] _c be imp>t$ l in=mation4 ,arti/ic skill _c be giv5 by dictation or acquir$ by read+4 ,x does n come by m]ely le>n+ to draw1 by imitat+ nature1 or by any process ( /or+ ! m9d ) facts4 ,! p[] is )9--! "q is h[ to rea* x & use x4 ,increase ( p[] always comes ) ex]cise4 ,if "o uses a little ( 8 appreciative faculty 9 simple ways1 proce$+ on gradually to ! m difficult problems1 he is 9 ! l9e ( natural gr[?4 ,to put toge!r a few /raight l9es1 creat+ a h>mony ( movem5t & spac+1 calls = ex]cise ( good judgm5t & appreciation4 ,ev5 9 ?is seem+ly limit$ field great ?+s are possible2 ! proportions ( ! ,p>!non & ,giotto's ,t[] c be r$uc$ to a few /raight l9es f9ely relat$ & spac$4 ,effective progress 9 composition dep5ds ^u work+ ) an organiz$ & def9ite s]ies ( ex]cises1 build+ "o exp]i5ce ^u ano!r1 call+ = cultivat$ judgm5t to disc]n & decide ^u f9] & f9] relations4 ,little c be express$ until l9es are arrang$ 9 a ,space4 ,spac+ is ! v gr\ndwork ( ,design4 ,ways ( arrang+ & spac+ ,i %all call ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,composition ,9 my exp]i5ce ^! five h be5 suffici5t3 #a4 ,,opposition #b4 ,,transition #c4 ,,subord9ation #d4 ,,repetition #e4 ,,symmetry ,^! names are giv5 to five ways ( creat+ h>mony1 all be+ dep5d5t ^u a great g5]al pr9ciple1 ,,proportion or ,,good ,,spac+4 #a4 ,,opposition4 ,two l9es meet+ =m a simple & sev]e h>mony4 ,examples w be f\nd 9 ,greek doorways1 ,egyptian temples & e>ly ,r5aissance ar*itecture2 9 plaid design2 also 9 l&scape :]e v]tical l9es cut ! horizon 7see pp4 #ba1 #de1 #df47 ,?is pr9ciple is us$ 9 ! /raight l9e "w 9 squ>es & rectangles1 pp4 #cb1 #cc1 #ci1 & 9 comb9ation ) o!r pr9ciples1 pp4 #be1 #bi4 ,no #ab4 ,opposition ,no #ac4 ,opposition #b4 ,,transition4 ,! arrangem5t ?us designat$ involves a /ep beyond ,opposition4 ,two /raight l9es meet+ 9 oppos+ directions give an impression ( abruptness1 sev]ity1 or ev5 viol5ce2 ! diff]5ce ( movem5t be+ emphasiz$4 ,if a ?ird l9e is add$1 z 9 ! sket*es bel[1 ! opposition is s(t5$ & an effect ( unity & complet5ess produc$4 ,?is comb9ation typifies beauty itself :i* has be5 def9$ z consi/+ ( elem5ts ( diff]5ce h>moniz$ by elem5ts ( unity4 ,a v common example ( ,transition is ! bracket1 ,no4 #ae4 ,! /raight l9e is modifi$ into curves & may be elaborat$ ) great complexity ( modell+4 ,no #ad4 ,transition ,no #ae4 ,transition ,in/ead ( a drawn l9e ( transition !re may be only a sugge/ion ( "o1 b ! effect is ! same2 a s(t5+ ( ! corn] angle1 ,no4 #ad & pp4 #eh1fj4 ,9 pictorial art ! vignette1 9 ar*itecture ! capital1 are examples ( ! transition pr9ciple4 ,9 design an effect ( ,transition may be produc$ by radiation4 7,illu/rations bel[47 ,accid5tal transitions occur 9 nature 9 ! bran*+ ( old trees1 :]e ! rhy?mic l9es are ?us unifi$4 ,= conv5i5ce ! sugge/ions = class "w are gr\p$ toge!r 9 ! foll[+ ,,ex]cise ,opposition4 ,copy ! sket*es & illu/rations1 enl>g$4 ,design /raightl9e arrangem5ts ( m\ld+s1 plaids & rectangul> panell+s1 ,nos4 #ac1 #ah1 #bd4 ,f9d examples 9 nature1 & draw 9 l9e1 ) bru%1 p5 or p5cil )\t a bord]4 ,transition4 ,copy ! sket*es1 z be=e4 ,draw a bracket 9 /raight l9e1 modify+ into curv$4 ,design corn] ornam5ts = panels & book cov]s2 metal "w = cab9et4 ,no4 #ah4 ,f9d examples 9 nature & draw 9 l9e4 ,no4 #ah4 ,x is important 9 all su* "w to make a numb] ( sket*es f :i* ! be/ may be *os54 #c4 ,,subord9ation4 ,nei!r ( ! =ego+ pr9ciples is (t5 f\nd alone z ! basis ( a s+le "w4 ,transition 9 p>ticul>1 usually s]ves to h>monize ! p>ts ( a composition4 ,! pr9ciple ,subord9ation is a great con/ructive idea n only 9 ! space arts b 9 all ! f9e arts3 ,to =m a complete gr\p ! p>ts are atta*$ or relat$ to a s+le dom9at+ elem5t :i* det]m9es ! "* ( ! :ole4 ,a tree trunk ) its bran*es is a good type ( ?is k9d ( h>mony2 unity secur$ ?r\gh ! relation ( pr9cipal & subord9ate1 ev5 d[n to ! ve9+s ( leaves--a multitude ( p>ts organiz$ into a simple :ole4 ,?is way ( creat+ beauty is conspicu\s 9 ! p]fect spac+ & l9erhy?m ( ,salisbury ca!dral1 ,/4 ,macl\ ( ,r\5 & ! ,taj ,mahal2 9 ,pi]o della ,francesca's 8,resurrection0 & ,millet's 8,goosegirl02 9 "s ,byzant9e design & ,p]sian rugs 7see pp4 #eh1 #fe1 #ih47 ,no #af4 ,subord9ation by ,size ,x gov]ns ! di/ribution ( masses 9 ,d>k&,light composition1 & ( hues 9 ,color s*emes4 ,x appe>s 9 poetry 7! ,odyssey = example7 9 ! subord9ation ( all p>ts to ! ma9 idea ( ! subject4 ,x is us$ con/ructively 9 musical composition4 ,:5ev] unity is to be evolv$ f complexity1 confusion r$uc$ to ord]1 p[] felt--?r\gh conc5tration1 organization1 lead]%ip--!n w be appli$ ! creative pr9ciple call$ "h ,subord9ation4 ,9 ,l9e ,composition ! arrangem5t by pr9cipal & subord9ate may be made 9 ?ree ways1 ,no4 #af3 #a4 ,by gr\p+ ab\t an axis1 z leaf relates to /em1 bran*es to trunk4 #b4 ,by radiation1 z 9 fl[]s1 ! rosette1 vault ribs1 ! an!mion4 #c4 ,by size1 z 9 a gr\p ( m\nta9 peaks1 a ca!dral ) its spire & p9nacles1 tree clu/]s1 or ,ori5tal rug ) c5tre & bord]2 p4 #fe4 ,artint]e/ 9 any ( ^! lies 9 ! f95ess ( relation4 ,a ?r[+ toge!r ( l>ge & small2 m]e geometric radiation2 or conv5tional bran*+ c nev] be o!r ?an commonplace4 ,a "w ( f9e art con/ruct$ ^u ! pr9ciple ( ,subord9ation has all its p>ts relat$ by delicate adju/m5ts & balance ( proportions1 tone & color4 ,a *ange 9 "o memb] *anges ! :ole4 ,no4 #bb4 ,to discov] ! mean+ & ! possibility ( expression 9 ?is =m ( cornposition ! /ud5t may "w out a s]ies ( problems z sugge/$ 9 ?is ,,ex]cise ,! in/ructor draws fl[] or fruit ) /em & leaves4 ,! pupil arranges ?is motif 9 v>i\s rectangul> spaces 7page #be71 comb9+ ! #a/ & #crd =ms ( subord9ation1 & us+ 8 critical judgm5t 9 a way t is ( great value to ! beg9n] 9 composition4 ,! pupil n[ draws ! same or simil> subjects f nature1 acqua9t+ himself ) _! =m & "*2 !n composes !m 9 decorative or pictorial panels--an artuse ( repres5tative draw+ z well z ex]cise 9 appreciation4 ,copy ! examples ( ! #bnd k9d ( ,subord9ation1 & design orig9al rosettes1 an!mions1 palmettes1 ?9k+ *iefly ( ! spac+ & rhy?m4 ,f9d examples 9 nature2 *imneys & ro(s1 boats ) ma/s & sails1 or tree gr\ps4 ,draw & arrange 9 spaces4 ,nos4 #af1 #ah1 #bf1 #bh1 #cg1 #fa4 ,aft] *oos+ ! be/ out ( _m trial sket*es1 draw 9 l9e ) ! ,japanese bru%4 ,!n1 = fur!r improvem5t 9 arrangem5t1 & ref9em5t ( l9equality1 trace ) bru% & ink ^u ?9 ,japanese pap]4 #d4 ,,repetition4 ,?is "n is give to ! opposite ( ,subord9ation--! production ( beauty by repeat+ ! same l9es 9 rhy?mical ord]4 ,! int]vals may be equal1 z 9 patt]n1 or unequal1 z 9 l&scape1 see bel[ & ,no4 #bj4 ,no #ag4 ,repetition ,no #ah4 ,opposition1 ,transition1 ,opposition & ,symmetry1 ,subord9ation ,( all ways ( creat+ h>mony ?is is ! mo/ common1 be+ probably ! olde/ =m ( design4 ,x seems almo/ in/9ctive1 p]haps d]iv$ f ! rhy?ms ( brea?+ & walk+1 or ! movem5t ( ripples & roll+ waves4 ,m>*+ is b ord]ly walk+1 & ! dance1 9 its primitive =m1 is a developm5t ( m>*+4 ,*ildr5 make r[s & patt]ns ( /icks or bits ( color$ pap]1 ?9k+ ( !m z 9 animat$ motion4 ,9 e>ly =ms ( art ! figures m>* or dance ar\nd ! vases1 pots & baskets4 ,no4 #ai ,p]uvian ,tape/ry ,?is pr9ciple ( ,repetition is ! basis ( all music & poetry4 ,! sacr$ dance ( ! savage is associat$ ) ! drum & o!r primitive in/rum5ts = m>k+ rhy?m2 ) ! *ant & my/ic song4 ,f su* rude beg9n+s1 f ! tomtoms1 trumpets & ,panpipes ( old1 music has develop$ to ! ma/]pieces ( mod]n times ?r\gh ! build+ ( h>mony ^u h>mony1--composition4 ,f ! crude rhy?m ( ! savage1 l ! ,au/ralian song 8,eat2 eat2 eat10 f ! battle cries & folk poems ( b>b>ic peoples1 !re has be5 ref9em5t ^u ref9em5t ( ^wmusic ev] mov+ t[>ds ! supreme4 ,?is gave ! _w ! v]se ( ,sappho :i* ,sw9burne ?\ght ! mo/ beautiful s\nds ev] produc$ 9 language4 ,f ! rude patt]ns m>k$ ) /icks on ,indian b[ls & pots1 or pa9t$ 9 e>? colors on wigwam & belt1 or wov5 on blanket1 ?is =m ( space art has gr[n1 ?r\gh ! complexities ( ,egyptian & ,p]uvian textile design to ! spl5dor ( ,byzant9e mosaic1 ! jewel patt]ns ( ! ,moguls1 & ,go?ic sculpture2 f rockcut pill>s ( cave temples to ! colonnade ( ! ,p>!non4 7,= examples ( primitive design see ! works ( ,william ,h4 ,holmes47 ,repetition1 be x rememb]$1 is only a way ( putt+ l9es & spaces toge!r1 & does n 9 itself produce beauty4 ,a m]e r[ ( ?+s has no artvalue4 ,railroads1 f5ces1 blocks ( build+s1 & all bad patt]ns1 are1 l dogg]el rhyme1 examples ( repetition )\t art4 ,repetition 9 f9e spac+1 ) ! int5tion ( creat+ a h>mony1 becomes a build] ( art fabric4 ,,ex]cise #a4 ,bord]s4 ,divide a long space by v]tical or oblique l9es at regul> int]vals4 ,by connect+ ! ends ( ^! ) /raight l9es1 develope _m s]ies ( me&]s1 frets & zigzags4 ,waves & scrolls are evolv$ f ^! by *ang+ /raight to curv$ l9e1 ,no4 #bj;a1 & p4 #ef4 #bf #b4 ,surface patt]n4 ,subdivide a space 7freeh&7 into squ>es1 diamonds or triangles1 det]m9+ ! size ( ! unit desir$4 ,?is w give a g5]al plan = ! di/ribution ( figures4 ,9 "o ( ^! spaces compose a simple gr\p 9 /raight l9es1 l9e & dot1 or /raight & curv$1 if only geometric patt]n be desir$2 or a floral =m = a sprig patt]n4 ,9 ! composition ( ?is unit ! pr9ciple ( ,subord9ation w be rememb]$4 ,z soon z ! unit is repeat$ a new set ( relations w be creat$1 dep5d5t ^u ! spac+4 ,a second>y patt]n =ms itself out ( ! backgr\nd spaces4 ,h5ce ! design] mu/ decide :e!r ! unit is to fill ! skeleton squ>e completely1 h a wide m>g91 or ov]run ! squ>e4 ,repeat+ ! figure 9 ^! v>i\s ways w det]m9e ! be/ size4 ,! ma9 ef=t %\ld be giv5 to produc+ a f9e relation betwe5 "o unit & its neighbors & betwe5 patt]n & backgr\nd4 ,all ! be/ "w 9 ,repetition has ?is ref9$ h>mony ( spac+4 ,no4 #bj;b bel[ & pp4 #ac1 #fe1 #ff1 #he4 ,copy ! illu/rations ( ,repetition 9 ?is book1 & make orig9al v>iations ( !m4 ,copy1 9 l9e1 ! units ( e>ly ,italian textiles1 ,ori5tal rugs or any ( ! be/ examples to be f\nd 9 museums or 9 illu/rat$ artbooks4 ,see 8,egg & ,d>t0 f ! ,p>!non1 p4 #cj1 also pp4 #fg1 #aba4 ,= anatomy & plann+ ( patt]n1 see ! works ( ,lewis ,f4 ,day4 ,no #bj4 ,surface ,patt]n ,,symmetry4 ,! mo/ common & obvi\s way ( satisfy+ ! desire = ord] is to place two equal l9es or %apes 9 exact balance1 z 9 a gable1 w9d[s ea* side ( a door1 or objects on a %elf4 ,! t]m ,symmetry applies to ?ree& f\r"p gr\ps1 or o!rs :]e ev5 balance is made1 b "h x ref]s ma9ly to a two"p arrangem5t4 ,sometimes con/ruction produces ,symmetry1 z 9 ! human body2 %ips2 ,greek & ,r5naissance ar*itecture2 furniture2 pott]y2 books4 ,p>tly f ?is cause & p>tly ?r\gh imitation1 ,symmetry1 l ,repetition1 has come to be us$ 9 *eap & mean design :]e no reg>d is paid to beauty ( =m4 ,japanese art1 :5 influ5c$ by ,z5 philosophy1 z ,okakura ,kakuzo tells u 9 8,! ,book ( ,tea01 avoids symmetry z un9t]e/+4 ,9 ,go?ic art1 ! product ( ri*ly inv5tive & imag9ative m9ds1 symmetry 0 nev] us$ 9 a commonplace way4 ,?is ,pr9ciple ( ,composition--:5 unit$ to f9e spac+1--produces1 9 ar*itecture an effect ( repose & complet5ess2 9 design a type ( sev]ely beautiful =m1 z se5 9 a ,greek vase or ! treasures ( ! ,%os9 at ,n>a :]e s mu* ( ! old] ,japanese art has be5 pres]v$4 ,no #ba4 ,symmetry4 ,gem9i1 ,ami5s ,ca!dral4 ,a few examples ( ,symmetry are giv5 "h2 ! /ud5t w readily f9d o!rs4 ,ex]cises c be easily devis$1 foll[+ ! /eps sugge/$ "u o!r pr9ciples4 ,see opposite1 & ,nos4 #db1 #dc4 ,,proportion or ,,good ,,spac+4 ,pr9ciples ( ,composition1 ,i mu/ repeat1 are only ways ( arrang+ l9es & %apes2 art is n produc$ by !m unless !y are us$ 9 comb9ation ) ?is g5]al pr9ciple1--,good ,spac+4 ,!y are by no means recipes = art1 & _! names are ( little consequ5ce4 ,appreciation ( f95ess ( relations mu/ always gov]n ! me?od & =m ( composition4 ,x is possible to use all ! pr9ciples "h discuss$1 & to complete all ! ex]cises1 )\t ga9+ mu*1 if any1 art exp]i5ce4 ,! ma9 ?+ is ! /riv+ = ! be/1 ! mo/ h>moni\s1 result t c be obta9$4 ,"o way to accompli% ?is is to comp>e & *oose cont9ually--mak+ _m designs "u "o subject & select+ ! be/4 ,! great g5]al pr9ciple ( ,proportion ne$s no special illu/ration or ex]cise1 because x is s intimate a "p ( all o!r pr9ciples & ex]cises4 ,x may be /udi$ 9 e example ( supreme art4 ,x is ! f\ndation ( all ! f9e/ "w 9 l9e & mass4 ,! my/]y ( ,spac+ w be reveal$ to ! m9d t has develop$ ,appreciation4 ,no4 #bb4 ,subord9ation1 ,symmetry1 ,subord9ation & ,repetition1 ,opposiion & ,subord9ation1 ,repetition1 ,repetition & ,subord9ation4 ,,symmetry4 ,! mo/ common & obvi\s way ( satisfy+ ! desire = ord] is to place two equal l9es or %apes 9 exact balance1 z 9 a gable1 w9d[s ea* side ( a door1 or objects on a %elf4 ,! t]m ,symmetry applies to ?ree& f\r"p gr\ps1 or o!rs :]e ev5 balance is made1 b "h x ref]s ma9ly to a two"p arrangem5t4 ,sometimes con/ruction produces ,symmetry1 z 9 ! human body2 %ips2 ,greek & ,r5naissance ar*itecture2 furniture2 pott]y2 books4 ,p>tly f ?is cause & p>tly ?r\gh imitation1 ,symmetry1 l ,repetition1 has come to be us$ 9 *eap & mean design :]e no reg>d is paid to beauty ( =m4 ,japanese art1 :5 influ5c$ by ,z5 philosophy1 z ,okakura ,kakuzo tells u 9 8,! ,book ( ,tea01 avoids symmetry z un9t]e/+4 ,9 ,go?ic art1 ! product ( ri*ly inv5tive & imag9ative m9ds1 symmetry 0 nev] us$ 9 a commonplace way4 ,no4 #bc ,geometric1 ,v>iations4 ,,l9e ,,iv4--,,composition ,,9 ,,squ>es ,,& ,,circles ,aft] work+ ) ! pr9ciples long en\gh to und]/& _! nature1 & to see :at c be done ) !m1 ! /ud5t is ready = problems 9 composition4 ,practice 9 l9e arrangem5t is a prep>ation = all k9ds ( art "w1 be x design1 pa9t+1 sculpture or ar*itecture4 ,*oose an enclos$ area ( def9ite & regul> %ape1 & break x up into a h>moni\s gr\p ( small] areas by draw+ l9es4 ,= ^! elem5t>y ex]cises 9 composition ! squ>e & circle are be/ because _! b\nd>ies are un*angeable1 & att5tion mu/ be fix$ ^u int]ior l9es4 ,take fir/ ! squ>e1 us+ /raight l9es ( equal ?ickness drawn ) ! bru% z sugge/$ 9 *apt] ,,ii4 ,! result %\ld be a h>mony ( wellcut space1 a little musical !me 9 /raight l9es & gr\p$ areas4 ,make _m trial arrangem5ts1 sket*+ lightly ) *>coal on 8bogus0 or l9+ pap]4 ,select ! be/1 correct !m1 & draw ) bru% & ink ov] ! *>coal l9es4 ,f ^! *oose ! mo/ satisfactory1 place ?9 ,japanese pap] ov] !m & trace 9 firm black l9es1 freeh&1 ) ! ,japanese bru%4 ,avoid h>d wiry l9es & all t savors ( rule & compass or labori\s pa9stak+4 ,use no measure ( any k9d2 sizes1 %apes & directions mu/ be decid$ ^u )\t me*anical aids4 ,no4 #bd4 ,composition 9 ,squ>es & ,circles4 ,no4 #be4 ,compositions 9 ,squ>es & ,circles ,nev] try to erase an ink l9e1--if a mi/ake occurs beg9 aga94 ,trac+1 = ! artpurpose ( improv+ proportions & acquir+ an expressive bru%t\*1 is a mo/ valuable help to ! production ( good "w4 ,ar*itects use trac+pap] = *anges 9 plans4 ,japanese arti/s trace aga9 & aga9 until satisfi$ ) ! quality ( t\* & /r5g? ( draw+4 ,/raight l9e is *os5 = elem5t>y practice because ( its simplicity1 & because x prep>es = "w ) curves4 ,! f9e/ curve is measur$ by a s]ies ( /raight l9es 9 h>monic relations ( rhy?m & proportion 7p4 #db74 ,aft] "s exp]i5ce ) /raight l9e1 cut areas ) curv$1--geometric1 fl[]1 fruit1 l&scape or figure4 ,equal ?ickness ( l9e is advisable n[1 to fix att5tion ^u direction1 t\* & spac+4 ,v>iation 9 wid? w come lat] 9 notan ( l9e 7page #ed7 & 9 repres5tative draw+ 7page #ea7 :]e texture & modell+ are to be indicat$4 ,! ma9 purpose ( ?is & all ex]cises 9 ?is book is ! creation ( h>mony1 h5ce if ! result has b a slight degree ( l9ebeauty x c be consid]$ a fir/ /ep 9 ,art4 ,! examples are *os5 f /ud5ts' "w1 f ,japanese books1 f design1 craft & ar*itecture4 ,!y illu/rate v>i\s ways ( treat+ squ>es & circles accord+ to pr9ciples ( composition4 #a4 ,copy ^! enl>g$1 ) bru%4 #b4 ,select "o1 z a !me1 & make _m v>iations4 #c4 ,orig9ate new l9es*emes 9 squ>es & circles4 ,no4 #bf4 ,compositions 9 ,squ>es & ,circles4 ,no4 #bg4 ,units = woodblock pr9t+1 /5cill+ & h&color+4 ,,applications #a4 ,g+hams1 plaids1 embroid]y1 /5cil4 #b4 ,panell+1 w9d[ sa%es1 lead+ = glass1 inlaid wood1 mosaic1 enamel on metal4 #c4 ,incis$ l9es 9 wood1 clay or metal1 l[ relief modell+4 ,/udy ( ! pr9ciple prec$es application 9 all cases4 ,x is true t ! limitations ( mat]ial mu/ be recogniz$ 9 mak+ designs = special purposes4 ,! sub/ance or surface = :i* ! design is int5d$ w itself sugge/ ! h&l+2 b mat]ial tea*es u no?+ ab\t ! f9] relation%ips4 ,fir/ /udy ! art ( design2 develop capacity by ex]cise ( ! inv5tive & appreciative faculties2 !n consid] ! applications 9 craft or pr(ession4 ,no4 #bh4 ,japanese4 ,v4--,,composition ,,9 ,,rectangles--,,v>iation ,9 ! se>* = f9] relations !re mu/ be e opportunity = *oice2 ! bett] ! *oice1 ! f9] ! art4 ,! squ>e & circle all[ *oice only z to int]ior divisions1 b ! rectangle is capable ( inf9ite v>iation 9 its b\nd>y l9es4 ,! sci5tific m9d has s\ght1 by analysis ( _m ma/]pieces1 to discov] a set ( p]fect proportions1 & to r$uce !m to ma!matical =m1 = example1 #c3e1 or #d3g4 ,! secret ( spac+ 9 ,greek art has be5 look$ = 9 ! 8gold5 mean01 viz3 height is to l5g? z l5g? is to ! sum ( height & l5g?4 ,d\btless su* =mulae 7 useful = ord9>y "w1 b ! f9e/ ?+s 7 c]ta9ly ! product ( feel+ & tra9$ judgm5t1 n ( ma!matics4 ,art resi/s ev]y?+ t int]f]es ) free *oice & p]sonal decision2 art kn[s no limits4 ,pov]ty ( ideas is no *>act]i/ic ( ! arti/2 8 m9d is ev] /riv+ to express itself 9 new ways4 ,! p]sonal *oice ( proportions1 tones & colors /amps ! "w ) individuality4 ,a ma/] 9 art is always int5sely individual1 & :at he does is an expression ( 8 own peculi> *oices4 ,! beauty ( proportion 9 y\r rectangle is measur$ by y\r feel+ = f9e relations1 n by any =mula :at ev]4 ,no "w has artvalue unless x reflects ! p]sonality ( its au?or1 ,:at ev]ybody c d easily1 or by rule1 _c be art4 ,! /udy ( ,v>iation t5ds to lead ! m9d away f ! conv5tional & humdrum1 t[>d orig9al & individual expression4 ,v>iation has no place 9 academic c\rses ( art tea*+1 b 9 composition x is a mo/ important elem5t4 ,! ma/]s ( music h %[n t inf9ite possibilities ( v>iation--! same !me appe>+ aga9 & aga9 ) new beauty1 diff]5t quality & complex accompanim5t4 ,ev5 s c l9es1 masses & colors be wr\ght into musical h>monies & endlessly v>i$4 ,! ,japanese color pr9t exemplifies ?is1 ea* copy ( ! same subject be+ v>i$ 9 %ade or hue or disposition ( masses to suit ! re/less inv5tive en]gy ( its au?or4 ,9 old ,italian textiles ! same patt]n appe>s repeat$ly1 b v>i$ 9 size1 proportion1 d>k&light & color4 ,9 times :5 art is decad5t1 ! design]s & pa9t]s lack inv5tive p[] & m]ely imitate nature or ! creations ( o!rs4 ,!n comes ,realism1 conv5tionality1 & ! dea? ( art4 ,"s exp]i5ce 9 *oice ( proportions & ! cutt+ ( rectangul> spaces may be ga9$ f ! foll[+ ,no4 #bi4 ,examples ( ,rectangul> ,design4 ,,ex]cise #a4 ,design "s simple !me 9 v]tical & horizontal l9es & arrange x 9 sev]al rectangles ( ! same size1 v>y+ ! spac+ 9 ea*1 ,no4 #bi;a4 #b4 ,compose a /raightl9e !me 9 sev]al rectangles ( diff]5t proportions1 ,no4 #bi;b4 #c4 ,*oose ! be/ & trace ) bru% & ink4 ,9 ! fir/ case !re is v>iation ( int]ior l9es only2 9 ! second all l9es are *ang$4 ,?is ex]cise admits ( great expansion1 accord+ to age ( pupils & limits ( "t4 ,,examples ,,( ,,rectangul> ,,design4 ,contact ) ! be/ works ( art is an ess5tial "p ( art education1 = f !m comes p[] & ! /imulus to create4 ,! /ud5t he>s & reads mu* t passes = art criticism b is only talk ab\t ! subject ( a picture1 ! d]ivation & mean+ ( a design1 or ! accuracy ( a draw+4 ,^! m9or po9ts h _! place 9 discuss+ ! lit]>y & sci5tific sides ( a ma/]piece2 !y relate to art only sup]ficially1 & give no key to ! p]ception ( f9e quality4 ,! mo/ important fact ab\t a great creative "w is t x is beautiful2 & ! be/ way to see ?is is to /udy ! art/ructure ( x1--! way x is built up z ,l9e1 ,notan1 ,color1--! pr9ciple ( composition :i* x exemplifies4 ,see :at a ma/] has done ) ! v problem y are try+ to "w out4 ,?is me?od ( approa* w involve a new classification ( ! _w's art1 cutt+ across ! hi/orical1 topical & geographical l9es ( developm5t4 ,! in/ructor 9 composition w illu/rate ea* /ep ) _m examples diff]+ z to "t1 locality1 mat]ial & subject1 b alike 9 art/ructure4 ,museum collections might be us$ = a s]ies ( progressive /udies bas$ ^u composition2 tak+ up "o pr9ciple at a "t & seek+ illu/rations 9 a gr\p ( wide range1--a picture1 sculpture1 ar*itecture1 ,go?ic c>v+1 metal "w1 old textile1 bit ( pott]y1 ,japanese pr9t4 ,! beauty ( simple spac+ is f\nd 9 ?+s great & small1 f a ca!dral t[] to a cupbo>d %elf4 ,! campanile ( ! ,duomo ( ,flor5ce 7,no4 #cj7 design$ by t ma/] ( ar*itecture & pa9t+1 ,giotto1 is a rectangul> composition ( exce$+ beauty4 ,its *>m lies *iefly 9 its delicately h>moniz$ proportions on a /raightl9e s*eme4 ,x is visual music 9 t]ms ( l9e & space4 ,! areas are l>ge/ at ! top1 gr[+ gradually small] 9 ea* ( ! /ories d[nw>d4 ,! graceful m\ld+s1 ! w9d[ trac]y1 ! _m colors ( m>ble & porphyry are b enri*m5ts ( ! spl5did ma9 l9es4 ,no4 #cj4 ,giotto's ,t[] 7trac$ f a photograph74 ,! ,ca' d',oro ( ,v5ice 7,no4 #ca1 ,a7 pres5ts ?is rectangul> beauty 9 an entirely diff]5t way4 ,fir/1 a v]tical l9e divides ! facade into two unequal b balanc$ proportions2 ea* ( ^! is aga9 divid$ by horizontal l9es & by w9d[s & balconies into small] spaces1 ! :ole mak+ a p]fect h>mony--ea* "p relat$ to1 & affect$ by e o!r "p4 ,! tokonoma ( a ,japanese room 7,no4 #ca1 ,b7 is arrang$ 9 a simil> rectangul> s*eme4 ,a v]tical l9e1 z 9 ! ,v5etian palace facade1 divides ! :ole space into two2 "o ( ^! is divid$ aga9 into recesses ) %elves or slid+ doors2 ! o!r is = pictures 7kakemono71 n m ?an ?ree ( :i* a hung at a "t4 ,no4 #ca1 ,c %[s ?ree ( ^! sets ( %elves4 ,! ,japanese publi% books ) hundr$s ( designs = ?is little recess4 ,! f]tility ( inv5tion comb9$ ) feel+ = good spac+1 ev5 9 su* a simple bit ( craft1 is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,japanese4 ,_! design books1 f :i* ,i h copi$ _m examples = ?is volume1 are v useful to ! /ud5t ( art4 ,/yle1 9 furniture1 is a matt] ( good spac+1 r ?an ( p]iod or p]son4 ,! be/ designs are v simple1 f9ely balanc$ compositions ( a few /raight l9es 7,no4 #ca1 ,d74 ,book cov]s ) _! lett]+ & decorations1 & book pages ) or )\t illu/rations are examples ( space cutt+1--good or commonplace accord+ to ! design]'s feel+ = l9ebeauty1 ,9 ! e>ly days ( pr9t+ ! two pages ( an op5 book 7 consid] toge!r z a s+le rectangul> space4 ,into ?is ! type 0 to be set ) ! utmo/ c>e z to proportion & m>g94 ,,ex]cise ,! few examples giv5 "h %[ h[ v>i$ are ! applications ( a s+le pr9ciple4 ,! /udy ( ^! w sugge/ a field = rese>*4 ,if possible ! /ud5t %\ld "w f ! objects !mselves or f l>ge photographs2 & f ! orig9al ,japanese design books4 ,^! ,no4 #ca4 ,compositions 9 ,rectangles4 trac+s are giv5 = purposes ( comp>ison4 #a4 ,copy ! examples1 )\t measur+4 ,an attempt to copy br+s ! pupil's m9d into contact ) t ( a sup]ior1 & lets him see h[ difficult x is to rea* ! ma/]'s p]fection4 ,copy+ z a means ( improv+ "o's /yle is ! opposite ( copy+ z a sub/itute = orig9al "w4 #b4 ,aft] mak+ ! be/ possible copies1 inv5t orig9al v>iations ( ^! !mes1--keep+ ! same g5]al plan b *ang+ ! sizes4 ,,composition ,,( ,,pott]y ,,=ms4 ,mak]s ( mod]n comm]cial w>e usually leave beauty ( l9e out ( acc\nt1 ?9k+ only ( utility1--( ! piece ( pott]y z a fe$+di%1 or z a co/ly & %[y object4 ,! gl>+ :ite glaze1 h>% colors & clumsy %apes ( common tablew>e mu/ be endur$ until !re is suffici5t public appreciation to dem& some?+ bett]2 yet ev5 ?is is less (f5sive ?an ! k9d t pret5ds to be art1--bad 9 l9e & glitt]+ ) false decoration4 ,pott]y1 l o!r craftproducts1 is truly useful :5 x repres5ts ! be/ workman%ip1 comb9$ ) feel+ = %ape1 tone1 texture & color1--9 a ^w1 f9e art4 ,su* quality is f\nd1 to m5tion only a few cases1 9 "s ( ! 8peasant w>es02 9 ! be/ ,japanese pott]y1 anci5t & mod]n2 9 ,*9ese1 especially ( ! ,sung p]iod 7,a4 ,d4 #ifjabhj7 9 ,moori%1 ,p]sian1 ,rhodian & ,greek4 ,:5 ea* mak] tri$ to improve up old] models1 & _h ! ta/e & inv5tive g5ius to d x1 ! art grew to supreme excell5ce2 ev5 fragm5ts su* h&icraft are n[ preci\s4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! cont\rs a really great piece ( pott]y & ord9>y "o may seem v slight1 b 9 j ?is little diff]5ce lies ! art4 ,,ex]cise ,"o good way to /imulate inv5tion 9 compos+ pott]y %apes is to evolve !m f rectangles4 ,9 ! /raight l9e !re is /r5g?2 a curve is measur$ by a s]ies ( /raight l9es connect$ 9 rhy?m4 ,no4 #cb;a4 ,?is pr9ciple is recogniz$ 9 block+ out a freeh& draw+1--a process (t5 misund]/ood & exagg]at$4 ,curv$ pr(iles are only v>iations ( rectangul> =ms1 = example ! b[l 9 ,no4 #cb;b4 ,no4 #cb4 ,pott]y ,=ms4 ,*ange ! height & a s]ies ( new %apes w result4 ,z ! top & bottom l9es rema9 ! same we h to comp>e ! curv$ sides only4 ,ano!r effect 7c7 comes f v>y+ ! wid?2 & /ill ano!r 7d7 by *ang+ bo? height & wid?4 ,9 ,no4 #cc are /ud5ts' draw+s ( pott]y pr(iles evolv$ f rectangles4 ,= bru%work1 9 ?is ex]cise1 x is well to indicate ! l9es ( ! rectangle 9 pale r$1 ! pott]y 9 black4 ,make _m sket*es1 select ! be/ pr(iles1 improve !m by trac+ 9 ink1 & comp>e ) hi/oric pieces4 ,draw+ f ! f9e/ examples ( pott]y1 & mak+ orig9al v>iations ( ! =ms1 w aid 9 draw+ f ! ca/ or ! nude1 because ( ! intimate /udy ( ! "* ( curves4 ,no #cc4 ,pott]y ,=ms ,d]iv$ f ,rectangles4 ,,fl[]s & o!r =ms z ,,l9e,,motives4 ,! rectangul> space may be subdivid$1 z 0 ! squ>e1 by a simple l9emotif1--fl[]1 fruit1 /ill life1 animal or figure1--foll[+ "s ,pr9ciple ( ,composition4 ,9 *apt] ,,iii1 "u ,subord9ation1 an ex]cise 0 sugge/$ & illu/rat$2 x c\ld be tak5 up aga9 at ?is po9t1 ) new subjects1 = a /udy ( ,v>iation4 ,z rectangul> compositions w be f\nd "u ,notan & ,color1 x is n necess>y to consid] !m fur!r "h z pure l9e1 except 9 ! case ( ,l&scape1 to :i* a special *apt] is giv54 ,,vi4--,,l&scape ,,composition ,! mod]n arbitr>y division ( ,pa9t+ into ,repres5tative & ,decorative has put composition into ! backgr\nd & br\ght =w>d natureimitation z a sub/itute4 ,! picturepa9t] is l$ to ?9k ( lik5ess to nature z to ! mo/ desirable quality = 8 "w1 & ! design] talks ( 8conv5tionaliz+02 bo? judg+ _! art by a /&>d ( ,realism r ?an ( ,beauty4 ,9 ! _w's art epo*s !re 0 no su* division4 ,e "w ( space art 0 reg>d$ z prim>ily an arrangem5t1 ) ,beauty z its raison d'etre4 ,ev5 a portrait 0 fir/ ( all a composition1 ) ! facts & ! tru? subord9ate to ! great] idea ( ae/hetic /ructure4 ,tra9+ 9 ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ,composition gave ! arti/s a wide field--!y 7 at once ar*itects1 sculptors1 decorators & picture pa9t]s4 ,foll[+ ?is ?\ght ( ! on5ess ( art1 we f9d t ! picture1 ! plan1 & ! patt]n are alike 9 ! s5se t ea* is a gr\p ( syn!tically relat$ spaces4 ,ab/ract design is1 z x 71 ! prim] ( pa9t+1 9 :i* pr9ciples ( ,composition appe> 9 a cle> & def9ite =m4 ,9 ! picture !y are n s obvi\s1 be+ f\nd 9 complex int]relations & conceal$ "u detail4 ,! design] & picturepa9t] />t 9 ! same way4 ,ea* has be=e him a blank space on :i* he sket*es out ! ma9 l9es ( 8 composition4 ,?is may be call$ 8 ,l9eidea1 & on x h+es ! excell5ce ( ! :ole1 = no delicacy ( tone1 or h>mony ( color c rem$y a bad proportion4 ,a picture1 !n1 may be said to be 9 its beg9n+ actually a patt]n ( l9es4 ,c\ld ! art /ud5t h ?is fact 9 view at ! outset1 x w\ld save him mu* "t & anxiety4 ,nature w n tea* him composition4 ,! sph9x is n m sil5t ?an %e on ?is po9t4 ,he mu/ le>n ! secret z ,giotto & della ,francesca & ,kanawoka & ,turn] le>n$ x1 by ! /udy ( art itself 9 ! works ( ! ma/]s1 & by cont9ual creative ef=t4 ,if /ud5ts c\ld h a ?or\gh tra9+ 9 ! elem5ts ( _! pr(ession !y w\ld n fall into ! error ( suppos+ t su* a univ]sal idea z ,beauty ( ,l9e c\ld be compress$ into a few cases l ! 8triangle10 8bird's w+10 8l9e ( beauty10 or 8scroll ornam5t10 nor w\ld !y take ^! notions z a k9d ( receipt = compos+ ! l9es ( pictures4 ,insi/5ce ^u ! plac+ ( ,composition above ,repres5tation mu/ n be consid]$ z any und]valuation ( ! latt]4 ,! art /ud5t mu/ le>n to repres5t nature's =ms1 colors & effects2 mu/ "k ! prop]ties ( pigm5ts & h[ to h&le bru%es & mat]ials4 ,he may h to /udy ! sci5ces ( p]spective & anatomy4 ,m or less ( ?is k & skill w be requir$ 9 8 c>e]1 b !y are only helps to art1 n sub/itutes = x1 & ,i believe t if he beg9s ) ,composition1 t is1 ) a /udy ( art itself1 he w acquire ^! naturally1 z he feels ! ne$ ( !m4 ,return+ n[ to ! ?\ght t ! picture & ! ab/ract design are mu* alike 9 /ructure1 let u see h[ "s ( ! simple spac+s may be illu/rat$ by l&scape4 ,look+ out f a grove we notice t ! trees1 v]tical /raight l9es1 cut horizontal l9es1--an arrangem5t 9 ,opposition & ,repetition mak+ a patt]n 9 rectangul> spaces4 ,comp>e ! g+ham & l&scape on page #bb4 ,?is is a common effect 9 nature1 to be translat$ into t]ms ( art z sugge/$ 9 ! foll[+ ex]cise4 ,no4 #cd4 ,l&scape ,r$uc$ to its ,ma9 ,l9es4 ,,ex]cise ,no4 #cd is a l&scape r$uc$ to its ma9 l9es1 all detail be+ omitt$4 ,make an enl>g$ copy ( ?is1 or design a simil> "o4 ,!n1 9 ! attempt to f9d ! be/ proportion & ! be/ way ( sett+ ! subject ^u canvas or pap]1 arrange ?is 9 rectangles ( v>y+ %ape1 "s ne>ly squ>e1 o!rs tall1 o!rs long & n>r[ horizontally z 9 ,no4 #ce4 ,to br+ ! :ole l&scape into all ^! w n1 ( c\rse1 be possible1 b 9 ea* ! ess5tial l9es mu/ be reta9$4 ,no4 #ce4 ,l&scape 9 ,rectangles ( ,v>i\s ,%ape4 ,draw 9 ink aft] prelim9>y /udies ) p5cil or *>coal1 correct+ errors by trac+4 ,!n f9d 9 nature o!r simil> subjects2 sket* & v>y 9 ! same way4 ,no4 #cf4 ,pictures on ,rectangul> ,l9es4 ,! art ( l&scape pa9t+ is a special subject1 n to be treat$ at l5g? "h1 b ,i believe t ! true way to approa* x is ?r\gh ^! or simil> ex]cises4 ,fir/ /udy ! art1 !n apply x1 :e!r to l&scape or any o!r k9d ( expression4 ,,pictures ,,compos$ ,,on ,,rectangul> ,,l9es4 ,great ar*itects & design]s 7 n ! only ones to use ?is simple l9eidea2 ! ma/]s ( pictorial art h bas$ ^u x "s ( _! be/ "w2 7opposite page74 ,^! trac+s f a v>iety ( compositions1 old & new 7,no4 #cf71 %[ t ?is comb9ation 0 *os5 ei!r to express c]ta9 qualities & emotions1--maje/y1 solemnity1 peace1 repose1 7,puvis de ,*avannes7--or because su* a space division 0 suit$ to toneeffects 7,:i/l]'s ,batt]sea ,bridge71 or to color s*emes 7,hiro%ige74 ,^! %\ld be copi$ exactly 9 p5cil1 !n drawn enl>g$4 ,f9d o!r examples 9 museums1 illu/rat$ books1 or photographs1 & draw 9 ! same way4 ,! /ud5t mu/1 h[ev]1 be w>n$ aga9/ mi/ak+ a m]e geometric comb9ation ( l9es = an ae/hetic comb9ation4 ,!re is no special virtue 9 a rectangul> s*eme or any o!r 9 itself2 x is ! treatm5t ( x t makes x art or n art4 ,_m a commonplace ar*itect has design$ a t[] simil> to ,giotto's1 & _m a daub] ( oil pa9t has con/ruct$ a wood int]ior on a l9eplan resembl+ t ( ,puvis4 ,s ! m]e do+ ( ! "w recomm5d$ "h w be ( little value if ! only ?\ght is to get ov] ! gr\nd1 or if ! m9d is int5t ^u names r ?an pr9ciples4 ,! do+ ( x well1 ) an arti/ic purpose 9 m9d1 is ! true way to develop ! creative faculties4 ,,l&scape ,,arrangem5t1--,,v>iation4 ,leav+ n[ ! rectangul> s*eme1 take any l&scape t has good elem5ts1 r$uce x to a few ma9 l9es & /rive to pres5t x 9 ! mo/ beautiful way--= example "o f ,no4 #fa1 or "o drawn by ! in/ructor1 or ev5 a trac+ f a photograph4 ,rememb] t ! aim is n to repres5t a place1 nor to get good draw+ n[2 put ^? ?\ghts out ( ! m9d & try only to cut a space f9ely by l&scape %apes2 ! v>i\s l9es 9 y\r subject comb9e to enclose spaces1 & ! art 9 y\r composition w lie 9 plac+ ^! spaces 9 good relations to ea* o!r4 ,"h mu/ come 9 ! p]sonal influ5ce ( ! in/ructor1 :i* is1 aft] all1 ! v core ( all art tea*+4 ,he c br+ ! pupils up to ! height ( 8 own appreciation1 & p]haps no f>!r4 ,! be/ ( sy/ems is valueless )\t ?is p]sonal arti/ic guidance4 ,at ?is /age ( l&scape composition1 ! idea ( ,gr\p+ 7,subord9ation7 c be br\ght 91 z a help 9 arrang+ sizes & %apes4 ,!re is a c]ta9 beauty 9 a contra/ ( l>ge & small4 ,x is ! opposite ( ,monotony4 ,= in/ance1 comp>e a /reet :]e !re is v>iety 9 ! sizes ( build+s & trees1 ) ano!r ( r[s ( dull ugly blocks4 ,ranges ( hills1 spires & p9nacles1 clumps ( l>ge & small trees1 clu/]s ( hay/acks1 illu/rate ?is idea 9 l&scape4 ,no4 #cg4 ,a ,l&scape 9 ,?ree ,proportions4 ,,ex]cise ,to discov] ! be/ arrangem5t1 & to get ! utmo/ exp]i5ce 9 l9e & space composition1 ! l&scape %\ld be set into sev]al b\nd>ies ( diff]+ proportions1 z 9 ,*apt] ,v1 & z %[n 9 ! examples1 keep+ ! ess5tial l9es ( ! subject1 b v>y+ !m to fit ! b\nd>y4 ,= in/ance1 a tree may be made tall] 9 a high v]tical space ?an 9 a l[ horizontal space1 7,no4 #cg bel[74 ,aft] work+ out ?is ex]cise ! pupil may draw a l&scape f nature & treat x 9 ! same way4 ,let him rigor\sly exclude detail1 draw+ only ! outl9es ( objects4 ,,vii4--,,composition ,,9 ,,repres5tation ,9 academic art tea*+ repres5tation is ! />t+po9t4 ,?is means t "o mu/ fir/ ( all 8le>n to draw01 z p[] 9 art is ?\ght to be bas$ ^u ability to repres5t accurately & tru?fully ei!r nature's facts or hi/oric ornam5t4 ,i use ! ^w 8academic0 to def9e all tea*+ f\nd$ ^u repres5tation4 ,! !ory may be summ$ up 9 two po9ts3 #a4 ,/ore ! m9d ) facts1 to be us$ 9 creative "w lat] on4 #b4 ,te*nique is be/ acquir$ by ! practice ( object & figure draw+4 ,! fir/ is a purely sci5tific process1 a ga!r+ up ( data1 ) no ?\ght ( h>mony or orig9ality2 h5ce draw+ ) su* an end 9 view is n /rictly art"w4 ,nor does ! arti/ ne$ to lumb] up 8 m9d2 nature is 8 /oreh\se ( facts4 ,! second po9t has m reason1 b :5 ! aim is = m]e accuracy1 only a limit$ am\nt ( skill is acquir$ & t (t5 h>dly m ?an nice workman%ip--n artskill4 ,! p[]ful draw+ ( ! ma/]s is l>gely d]iv$ f o!r ma/]s1 n f copy+ nature4 ,x is an int]pretation ) ! purpose ( atta9+ a high /&>d4 ,su* draw+ aims to express "* & quality 9 an individual way--a ?+ q diff]5t f fact/atem5t4 ,naturedraw+1 wrongly plac$ & misund]/ood1 has become a feti* 9 our mod]n tea*+4 ,our art critics talk ( 8j0 r5d]+1 8true0 values1 8consci5ti\s0 pa9t+ & ! l2 t]ms t belong to morals1 n art1 & c\ld n be appli$ to ,ar*itecture1 ,music or ,poetry4 ,^! /ockphrases are a "p ( t tradition ( ! eld]s--t eighte5? c5tury academism /ill l+]+4 ,repres5tation has b a small place 9 ! art ( ! _w4 ,?is is r\ghly %[n 9 ! two li/s bel[3 ,,non,,repres5tative ,ar*itecture--,furniture4 ,wood c>v+4 ,pott]y4 ,modell+1--m\ld+s & patt]n4 ,metal "w4 ,inlay1--mosaic1 etc4 ,geometric design1 includ+ ,egyptian1 ,p]uvian & ,savage4 ,g+hams1 plaids & mu* textile patt]n4 ,mohamm$an art 7"o great division7 etc4 ,,repres5tative ,pa9t+ & ,sculpture ( ,figures1 ,portraits1 ,animals1 ,fl[]s1 ,/ill ,life1 ,l&scape ,pa9t+4 ,! natureimitators hold t accurate repres5tation is a virtue ( highe/ ord] & to be atta9$ 9 ! beg9n+4 ,x is und5iably s]viceable1 b to />t ) x is to beg9 at ! wrong end4 ,x is n ! prov9ce ( ! l&scape pa9t]1 = example1 to repres5t s mu* topography1 b to express an emotion2 & ?is he mu/ d by art4 ,8 art w be manife/ 9 8 composition2 9 8 plac+ ( 8 trees1 hills & h\ses 9 syn!tic relations to ea* o!r & to ! spaceb\nd>y4 ,"h is ! /r5g? ( ,george ,inness2 to ?is he gave 8 *ief ef=t4 ,he omits detail1 & r>ely does m ?an indicate =ms4 ,?is relation among ! p>ts ( a composition is :at we call ,beauty1 & x beg9s to exi/ ) ! fir/ few l9es drawn4 ,ev5 ! /ud5t may express a little ( x z he feels x1 & ! attempt to embody x 9 l9es on pap] w surely lead to a desire to "k m fully ! "* & %apes ( ?+s1 to seek a k ( draw+ ) en?usiasm & pleasure4 ,^! ?+s are said1 n aga9/ naturedraw+--,i %\ld advise m r ?an less--b aga9/ putt+ x 9 ! wrong place4 ,! ma9 diff]5ce betwe5 ,academic & ,/ructural 7,analytic & ,syn!tic7 is n 9 ! ?+s done1 b 9 ! reason = do+ !m1 & ! "t = !m4 ,all processes are good 9 _! prop] places4 ,! relation ( repres5tative draw+ to a syn!tic s*eme is ?is3 ,"o uses ! facts ( nature to express an idea or emotion4 ,! figures1 animals1 fl[]s or objects are *os5 = ! sake ( pres5t+ "s great hi/orical or religi\s ?\ght z 9 della ,francesca's ,annunciation 7,no4 #cf71 = decoration ( an ar*itectural space 7,reims capital1 ,no4 #ch71 because ! l&scape has special beauty z 9 ,hiro%ige's pr9t 7,no4 #h71 or because ! objects h =m & color sugge/+ a high ord] ( h>mony1 z 9 ,*9ese & ,japanese pa9t+s ( fl[]s1 or ,leon>do's draw+s ( insects & reptiles4 ,ano!r reason = draw+ is f\nd 9 ! use ( ! %apes or hues 9 design4 ,desire to express an idea awak5s int]e/ 9 ! means4 ,obs]vation is ke51 close application is an easy task1 e s5se is al]t to accompli% ! und]tak+4 ,?is is q diff]5t f draw+ any?+ & ev]y?+ = practice only4 ,m]e accuracy has no artvalue :atev]4 ,"s ( ! mo/ pa!tic ?+s 9 ! _w are ! pictures or /atues ^: only virtue is accuracy4 ,! b>e tru? may be a deadly commonplace4 ,pupils %\ld look = "*2 t includes all tru? & all beauty4 ,x leads "o to seek = ! be/ h&l+ & to value p[] 9 expression above success 9 draw+4 ,composition is ! greate/ aid to repres5tation because x cultivates judgm5t z to relations ( space & mass4 ,composition does n invite dep>ture f nature's tru?1 or enc\rage inaccuracies ( any k9d--x helps "o to draw 9 a f9] way4 ,no4 #ch4 ,notan ,plan1 ,rhy?m ( ,l9e1 ,repres5tation ,compos$ into a ,space4 ,no4 #ci4 ,notan ,,viii4 ,d>k & ,light ,h>monies f ! ,ma/]s4 ,,notan ,,viii4--,,h>mony,,build+ ,,) ,,d>k,,&,,light ,z !re is no "o ^w 9 ,engli% to express ! idea conta9$ 9 ! phrase 8d>k&light10 ,i h adopt$ ! ,japanese ^w 8notan0 7d>k1 light74 ,x seems fitt+ t we %\ld borr[ ?is artt]m f a p :o h reveal$ to u s mu* ( ?is k9d ( beauty4 8,*i>oscuro0 has a simil> b m limit$ mean+4 ,/ill n>r[] are ! ord9>y /udio t]ms 8light&%ade10 8%ad+10 8spott+10 8effect0 t convey little idea ( special h>monybuild+1 b ref] usually to repres5tation4 ,notan1 :ile includ+ all t ^! words connote1 has a full] mean+ z a "n = a great univ]sal manife/ation ( beauty4 ,d>ks & lights 9 h>monic relations--?is is ,notan ! second /ructural elem5t ( spaceart2 p4 #g4 ,! ,ori5tals r>ely repres5t %ad[s2 !y seem to reg>d !m z ( slight int]e/--m]e fleet+ effects or accid5ts4 ,!y pref] to model by l9e r ?an by %ad+4 ,!y recognize notan z a vital & di/9ct elem5t ( ! art ( pa9t+4 ,! ,buddhi/ prie/pa9t]s ( ! ,z5 sect disc>d$ color1 & = ages pa9t$ 9 ink1 s ma/]+ tonerelations z to attract ! admiration & pr(\ndly influ5ce ! art ( ! we/]n _w4 ,our et*+ & book illu/ration h long felt ! effect ( contact ) ,japanese classic pa9t+1 ?\gh ! influ5ce came indirectly ?r\gh ! ,ukiyoye color pr9ts & books4 ,su* names z ,kakei1 ,*9ese ( ! ,sung dyna/y 7p4 #if71 ,soga ,%ubun1 ! ,*9ese :o f\nd$ a s*ool 9 ,japan 9 ! fifte5? c5tury 7p4 #ag71 ,ses%u1 "o ( ! greate/ pa9t]s ( all "t 7p4 #ig71 ,sotan1 ,soami1 ,motonobu1 ,tanyu are n[ plac$ ) ,titian1 ,giorgione 7p4 #ea71 ,rembr&t1 ,turn]1 ,corot & ,:i/l]4 ,! works ( ,ori5tal ma/]s :o felt ! p[] & my/]y ( ,notan are becom+ kn[n ?r\gh ! reproductions t ! ,japanese are publi%+1 & ?r\gh preci\s examples 9 our own museums & collections4 ,?is 9 "o ( ! =ces t5d+ to uproot our traditional sci5tific art tea*+ :i* does n recognize ,d>k&,light z wor?y ( special att5tion4 ,appreciation ( ,notan & p[] to create ) x c be ga9$1 z 9 ! case ( ,l9e1 by def9ite /udy ?r\gh progressive ex]cises4 ,at ! outset a fundam5tal fact mu/ be und]/ood1 t syn!tically relat$ masses ( d>k & light convey an impression ( beauty entirely indep5d5t ( mean+1--= example1 geometric patt]ns or blotty ink sket*es by ,dut* & ,japanese4 ,:5 ?is occurs accid5tally 9 nature1--say a grove ( d>k trees on a light hillside1 or a pile ( build+s aga9/ ! morn+ sky1--we at once feel ! *>m & call ! effect 8picturesque40 ,! quality :i* makes ! natural sc5e a good subject = a picture is l musical h>mony4 ,x is ! 8visual music0 t ! ,japanese s love 9 ! r\gh ink pa9t+s ( _! ma/]s :]e !re is b a h9t ( facts 7pp4 #ig1 #ii7--;a classic /yle :i* is ! outw>d expression ( a f9e appreciation1 & ^: orig9 & practice are admirably set =? 9 8,! ,book ( ,tea40 ,recognition ( ,notan z an individual elem5t w simplify ! difficulties ( tonecomposition & op5 ! way = gr[? 9 p[]4 ,,notan ,,( ,,l9e4 ,z long z ! l9es ( a design are kept ( uni=m wid?1 ! beauty is limit$ to proportion ( areas & quality ( t\*1 b wid5 "s ( ! l9es1 & at once appe>s a new grace1 ,d>k&,light4 ,! textile design]s :o are re/rict$ to /raight l9es1 h rec\rse to ?is pr9ciple4 ,!y wid5 l9es1 v>y _! dep? ( tone1 glorify !m ) color1 & %[ t :at seems a n>r[ field is really "o ( wide range4 ,no4 #dj4 ,notan ( ,l9e4 ,,ex]cise ,*oose "s ( ! previ\s geometric l9e patt]ns1 & wid5 c]ta9 ( ! l9es1 z illu/rat$ 9 ! plate4 ,incid5tally ?is w give good bru% practice1 z ! l9es are to be drawn at "o /roke4 ,pu% ! po9t ( ! bru% d[n to ! requir$ wid?1 !n draw ! l9e4 ,try a l>ge numb] ( arrangem5ts1 set !m up 9 a r[ & pick out ! be/4 ,9 *oos+ & criticis+1 rememb] t e "p ( a "w ( art has some?+ to say4 ,if "o "p is made s prom95t t ! o!rs h no reason = be+ !re1 ! art is gone4 ,s 9 ?is case2 if "o l9e ass]ts itself to ! detrim5t ( ! o!rs1 !re is discord4 ,!re may be _m or few l9es1 b ea* mu/ h its "p 9 ! :ole4 ,9 a ^w1 :ol5ess is ess5tial to beauty2 x di/+ui%es ,music f ,noise4 ,,lett]+4 ,:5 =m+ "p ( an arti/ic composition1 9 books1 po/]s1 manuscripts1 illum9ations1 etc41 lett]+ %\ld be class$ z ,notan ( ,l9e4 ,obvi\sly ! spac+ ( masses ( lett]s has fir/ consid]ation1 & is usually a simple problem 9 rectangul> composition4 ,! effect is a tone or gr\p ( tones m or less complicat$ accord+ to sizes ( lett]s1 ?ickness ( _! l9es & wid? ( spaces betwe5 & ar\nd !m4 ,i h f\nd ! re$p5 & ! ,japanese bru% 7clipp$7 ! be/ implem5ts = /ud5ts' lett]+ 7see bel[74 ,hav+ sugge/$ t ,lett]+1 includ+ ,pr9t+1 z an art1 is a problem 9 composition ( l9e & notan1 x seems h>dly wor? :ile to introduce special ex]cises "h4 ,john/on has treat$ ?is subject exhau/ively2 ! read] is ref]r$ to 8 book 8,writ+1 ,illum9at+ & ,lett]+10 to ,walt] ,crane's & o!r good books on lett]+4 ,comp>e f9e pr9t+1 old & new1 ,japanese1 ,*9ese & ,arabic writ+1 & anci5t manuscripts & inscriptions--,egyptian1 ,greek1 & ,m$iaeval4 ,no4 #da4 ,japanese bru%es clipp$ = lett]+4 ,notan ,,viii4 ,repetition & v>iation 9 two values4 ,notan ,,vii4 ,l&scape compositions by ,,hokusai1 ?ree values4 ,notan ,,ix4 ,two ,values1 ,hi/oric ,examples4 ,,ix4--,,two ,,values--,,v>iations--,,design ,d>k&light has n be5 consid]$ 9 s*ool curricula1 except 9 its limit$ application to repres5tation4 ,! /udy ( 8light & %ade0 has = its aim1 n ! creation ( a beautiful idea 9 t]ms ( contra/+ masses ( light & d>k1 b m]ely ! accurate r5d]+ ( c]ta9 facts ( nature1--h5ce is a sci5tific r ?an an arti/ic ex]cise4 ,! pupil :o beg9s 9 ?is way w be emb>rass$ 9 advanc$ "w by lack ( exp]i5ce 9 arrang+ & diff]5tiat+ tones4 ,worse ?an t1 x t5ds to cut him (f f ! appreciation ( "o :ole class ( great works ( art4 ,z 9 ! case ( ,l9e1 s aga9 9 ?is is manife/ ! n>r[ness & weakness ( ! s*eme ( natureimitat+ z a f\ndation = art education4 ,! ,reali/ic /&>d always t5ds to ! decay ( art4 ,! /ud5t 9 an academic s*ool1 feel+ ! necessity = a k ( ,d>k&,light :5 he beg9s to make orig9al compositions1 has usually b "o res\rce1 t ( sket*+ ! 8spott+0 z he calls x1 ( good designs & pictures--an excell5t practice if foll[$ intellig5tly4 ,8 difficulties may be ov]come 7#a7 by see+ t ,notan is an elem5t di/9ct f ,l9e or ,color2 7#b7 by attempt+ its ma/]y 9 progressive /ages lead+ to appreciation4 ,,me?od ,,( ,,/udy4 ,l9e melts into ,tone ?r\gh ! clu/]+ ( _m l9es4 ,direct /udy ( toneint]vals beg9s ) composition 9 two values--! simple/ =m ( ,notan4 ,!re may be sev]al />t+po9ts2 "o might beg9 by blott+ ink or *>coal ^u pap]1 by copy+ ! d>ks & lights f photographs ( ma/]pieces1 or by mak+ scales4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n t ! /raightl9e design & ! flat black ink wa% are mo/ satisfactory = e>li] ex]cises 9 two values4 ,in/ead ( black & :ite1 or black & gray1 "o might use two grays ( diff]5t values1 or two values ( "o color 7say light blue & d>k blue7 accord+ to ne$4 ,! aim be+ to und]/& ,notan z some?+ by :i* h>mony may be creat$1 x is be/ to avoid ,repres5tation at fir/4 ,notan mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ,light & ,%ade1 ,modell+ or any?+ t ref]s to imitation ( natural objects4 ,! beg9n] may imag9e t n mu* c be done ) flat black aga9/ flat :ite1 b let him exam9e ! decorative design ( ! _w4 ,he w f9d ! black & :ite *eck & patt]ns d]iv$ f x1 9 old velvets ( ,japan1 9 ! wov5 & pr9t$ textiles ( all nations1 9 m>ble floors1 inlaid boxes & ar*itectural ,,notan ,,ix4 ,no4 #dc4 ornam5t4 ,! use ( ^! two simple tones is z univ]sal z ,art itself4 ,!y appe> 9 ! black v9e on ! :ite m>ble floor ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,miracoli at ,v5ice2 on ! wall ( ! ,arabian ,mosque1 & ! frieze ( ! ,*9ese temple4 ,!y h come into favor on book cov]s & page bord]s4 ,aubrey ,be>dsley w5t sc>cely beyond !m4 ,r4 ,ann+ ,bell & o!r arti/s h boldly c>ri$ !m into pictorial "w 9 ! illu/ration ( *ildr5's books4 ,^! facts w %[ ! beg9n] t no t]ms are too simple = arti/ic g5ius to use4 ,moreov] a limit$ field (t5 /imulates to great] inv5tive activity4 ,no4 #dd4 ,,ex]cise ,*oose a simple l9edesign f9e 9 proportion1 & add to x ?is new k9d ( beauty1--z mu* ( x z c be express$ by ! extremes ( ,notan1 black aga9/ :ite4 ,x is app>5t t we _c r$uce ,d>k& ,light to simpl] t]ms ?an ^! two values4 ,! pr9ciple ( ,v>iation comes into ?is ex]cise ) special =ce1 = ea* l9edesign admits ( sev]al ,notan arrangem5ts4 ,! /ud5t %\ld be giv5 at fir/ a subject ) few l9es4 ,let him use "o ( 8 own 7*apt] ,v71 or draw "o f ! in/ructor's sket*1 b ! ess5tial po9t is to h 8 design z good z possible 9 spaceproportion be=e add+ ! ink4 ,make sev]al trac+s1 !n d>k5 c]ta9 spaces ) black4 ,a r\nd ,japanese bru%1 %ort & ?ick1 is be/ = ?is "w4 ,nos4 #dc & #dd4 ,pupils %\ld be w>n$ aga9/ mi/ak+ m]e inv5tive action = art4 ,! tea*] mu/ guide ! "y m9d to p]ceive ! diff]5ce betwe5 creat+ beautiful patt]ns1 & m]e fanta/ic play4 ,^? gift$ ) little ae/hetic p]ception may g f> a/ray 9 foll[+ ! twotone idea4 ,x is v easy & some:at fasc9at+ to d>k5 p>ts ( designs ) black ink4 ,! late po/] craze %[$ to :at dep? ( vulg>ity ?is c be c>ri$4 ,! pupil mu/ be taught t all twotone arrangem5ts are n f9e1 & t ! v purpose ( ?is ex]cise is s to develop 8 appreciation t he may be able to tell ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! good1 ! commonplace1 & ! ugly4 ,8 only guides mu/ be 8 own innate ta/e1 & 8 in/ructor's exp]i5ce4 ,,fl[] ,,compositions ,,two ,,values ,japanese design = 8ramma0 7frieze7 ,fretsaw "w4 ,fl[]s1 hav+ great v>iety ( l9e & proportion1 are valuable1 z well z conv5i5t subjects = elem5t>y composition4 ,_! =ms & colors h furni%$ !mes = pa9t]s & sculptors s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ,art1 & ! treatm5t has rang$ f ab/ractions to extreme realism2 f ref9em5ts ( lotusd]iv$ friezes to poppy & rose wall pap]s ( ! pres5t "t4 ,9 ! ex]cise "h sugge/$1 !re is no int5tion ( mak+ a design to apply to any?+ z decoration1 h5ce !re ne$ be no "q z to ! am\nt ( nature's tru? to be introduc$4 ,! fl[] may be r5d]$ reali/ically1 z 9 "s ,japanese design1 or r$uc$ to an ab/raction z 9 ! ,greek1 )\t 9 ! lea/ affect+ ! purpose 9 view1 namely1 ! sett+ ( floral l9es into a space 9 a f9e way--=m+ a l9es*eme on :i* may be play$ _m notanv>iations4 ,x is ess5tial t ! space %\ld be cut by ! ma9 l9es4 7,subord9ation1 page #bc47 ,a small spray 9 ! middle ( a big oblong1 or disconnect$ gr\ps ( fl[]s1 _c be call$ compositions all ! l9es & areas mu/ be relat$ "o to ano!r by connections & plac+s1 s z to =m a beautiful :ole4 ,n a picture ( a fl[] is s\ght1--t c be left to ! botani/--b r an irregul> patt]n ( l9es & spaces1 some?+ f> beyond ! m]e draw+ ( ( a fl[] f nature1 & lay+ an oblong ov] x1 or vice v]sa4 ,,ex]cise ,! in/ructor *ooses "o ( ! be/ fl[] compositions done "u ,l9e1 or draws a fl[] 9 l>ge firm outl9es on ! blackbo>d1 avoid+ confus+ detail1 & giv+ ! "* z simply z possible4 ,! pupil fir/ copies ! in/ructor's draw+1 !n he decides ^u ! %ape into :i* to compose ?is subject--a squ>e or rectangle w be be/ = ! beg9n]4 ,he makes sev]al trial arrangem5ts r\ghly1 ) p5cil or *>coal4 ,hav+ *os5 ! be/ ( ^!1 he improves & ref9es !m1 fir/ on 8 trial pap]1 & lat] by trac+ ) bru% & ink on ?9 ,japanese pap]4 ,ef=t mu/ be conc5trat$ on ! arrangem5t1 n on botanical correctness4 ,fl[] ,compositions4 ,_m l9e compositions c be d]iv$ f "o fl[] subject1 b ea* ( ^! c 9 turn be made ! s\rce ( a great v>iety ( designs by c>ry+ ! ex]cise f>!r1 into ! field ( ,d>k&,light4 ,pa9t c]ta9 ( ! areas black1 & at once a :ole new s]ies sugge/s itself1 f a s+le l9e design4 ,to ! beauty ( ! l9e is add$ ! beauty ( oppos+ & int]m+l+ masses ( black & :ite2 see bel[ & p4 #fd4 ,9 ?is "p ( ! ex]cise ! arrangem5t ( %apes ( light ) %apes ( d>k1 occupies ! att5tion1 r ?an %ad+1 or ! r5d]+ ( %ad[s4 ,h5ce ! fl[]s & leaves & /ems1 or p>ts ( !m1 may be black or :ite1 accord+ to ! feel+ ( ! /ud5t4 ,let him *oose out ( 8 sev]al draw+s ^? :i* he consid]s be/4 ,! in/ructor c !n criticise1 po9t+ out ! be/ & ! wor/1 & expla9+ :y !y are s4 ,a m]e aimless or me*anical black5+ ( pap]1 )\t ef=t to arrange1 w result 9 no?+ ( importance4 ,! examples %[ ! v>iety ( effects produc$ by fl[]s ( diff]5t %apes1 & ! beauty result+ f s*emes ( ,d>k&,light 9 two values4 ,fl[] ,compositions4 ,notan v>iations on l9es ( f9e old textiles4 ,rug designs 9 two values4 ,,notan ,,ix4 ,,textile ,,patt]ns ,,& ,,rugs ,,two ,,values ,a l9es*eme und]lies e notan composition1 & a notans*eme und]lies e color composition4 ,! ?ree elem5ts h ! close/ relation "o to ano!r4 ,= purposes ( /udy1 h[ev]1 x is necess>y to isolate ea* elem5t1 & ev5 ! sep>ate pr9ciples ( ea*4 ,9 ! pres5t in/ance1 ,notan c be sep>at$ f ,l9e by tak+ a l9edesign ( ackn[l$g$ excell5ce & mak+ _m ,notan v>iations ( x2 be+ sure ( beauty ( l9e1 ! only problem is to create beauty ( tone4 ,z ?is br+s 9 hi/oric art1 let me note t ! works ( ! pa/ are be/ us$1 9 tea*+1 z illu/rations ( composition1 7p4 #dj74 ,:ile ! k ( a 8/yle0 may h a comm]cial value1 x has no artvalue unless ! design] c make orig9al & f9e v>iations ( x1 n imitations4 ,! fir/ ess5tial is to appreciate ! quality ( hi/oric examples1 h5ce ! /ud5t %\ld "w f ! objects !mselves1 f photographic copies1 f trac+s1 or f ca/s4 ,! commonplace li?ographic plates & rude wood cuts 9 "s books ( design are useless = our purpose4 ,!y give no h9t ( ! orig9al4 ,if ! actual pa9t+ on an ,egyptian mummy case is comp>$ ) a page ( "o ( ^! books1 ! poor quality ( ! latt] is in/antly app>5t4 ,*9ese & ,japanese 8ornam5t0 9 mo/ ( su* books is ( a flamboyant & decad5t sort4 ,! facsimile copies ( ,greek vases usually belong 9 ?is same category4 ,,ex]cise ,*oose a textile ( ! be/ p]iod1 say ,italian ( ! ,x,vth or ,x,v,ith c5tury2 copy or trace ! l9e & play ^u ?is sev]al notans*emes ( two values4 ,y w at once discov] h[ sup]b ! spac+ is 9 ^! designs1 b y\r ma9 ?\ght is ! creation ( new d>k&light ideas ^u ! f9e old patt]n2 p4 #fe4 ,! ,ori5tal rug af=ds an excell5t l9es*eme = practice 9 notan4 ,z composition x is a comb9ation ( two pr9ciples3 ,subord9ation & ,repetition4 ,copy+ a "p or ! :ole ( "s good rug--9 l9e & color--is ! be/ way to become aqua9t$ ) ! spac+1 motives & quality4 ,!n design a rug ) bord] & c5tre1 ! %apes to be pure inv5tions or symbols4 ,bord] & c5tre mu/ diff]1 & !re are _m ways ( do+ ?is ev5 9 two values1 = in/ance3 ,bord]3 ,black figures on :ite gr\nd4 ,c5tre3 ,:ite figures on black gr\nd4 ,bord]3 ,:ite figures on black gr\nd4 ,c5tre3 ,black figures on :ite gr\nd4 ,bord]3 ,small figures4 ,c5tre3 ,"o l>ge figure4 ,! illu/rations1 pp4 #fe1 #ff1 give "s idea ( ! possibilities ( tonecomposition 9 textiles & rugs4 ,! ex]cise po9ts to "o good way ( us+ museum collections & art books4 ,no4 #dg4 ,x4--,,two ,,values--,,l&scape ,,& ,,pictures ,l&scape is a good subject = notancomposition1 to be treat$ at fir/ z a design1 aft]w>d z a picture4 ,its irregul> spac+s contra/ well ) ! symmetries ( patt]n1 & :5 tones are play$ ov] !m ! effects are new & /range1 /imulat+ to fur!r rese>* into ! my/]ies ( tone4 ,su* an ex]cise leads to ! appreciation ( l&scape pictures1 & is an introduction to p5cil & *>coal sket*+ f nature1 to monotypes & et*+4 ,notan 9 l&scape1 a h>mony ( tonerelations1 mu/ n be mi/ak5 = light&%ad[ :i* is only "o effect or accid5t4 ,l all o!r facts ( ext]nal nature1 light&%ad[ mu/ be express$ 9 art=m4 ,! /ud5t "u ! spell ( ! academic dictum 8,pa9t :at y see & z y see x0 feels t he mu/ put d[n e accid5tal %ad[ 8j z x is 9 nature0 or be false to himself & false to art4 ,he f9ds lat] t accurate record is good & "r 9 /udies or sket*es b may be wrong 9 a picture or illu/ration4 ,no accid5ts ent] into pictures1 b e l9e1 light1 & d>k mu/ be "p ( a delib]ate design4 ,light&%ade is a t]m ref]r+ to modell+ or imitation ( solidity2 ! /udy ( x by draw+ :ite ca/s & /ill life t5ds to put att5tion ^u facts r ?an ^u exp]i5ce 9 /ructure4 ,x does n help "o to appreciate tonevalues 9 pictures4 ,su* draw+ is wor? :ile z pure repres5tation & ! discipl9e ( x contributes to ma/]y ( te*nique1 b x is absurd to prescribe ?is or life draw+ z a tra9+ = ! l&scape pa9t]4 ,its influ5ce is only indirect1 = model+ is ( second>y importance 9 ,pa9t+1 ! art ( two dim5sions4 ,:5 a pa9t] works = r\ndness & solidity he ent]s ! prov9ce ( 8 bro!r ! sculptor4 ,9 typical pa9t+s1 l ,giotto's frescoes at ,assisi1 ,masaccio's 8,tribute ,money10 ,pi]o della ,francesca's "w at ,arezzo1 ! compositions ( ! ,viv>9i1 ! ,bell9i & ,titian1 & ev5 ! ,/rozzi portrait by ,raphael1 ! modell+ is subord9ate to ! great] elem5ts ( proportion & d>k&light4 ,9 a mural pa9t+ extreme r\ndness is a fatal defect1 z illu/rat$ 9 ! ,pan!on at ,p>is1 :]e ,puvis de ,*avannes & 8 contempor>ies h put pictorial designs ^u ! walls4 ,puvis creat$ a mosaic ( color$ spaces int5d$ to beautify ! wall2 *>m ( color & tone1 poetry & illusion ( l&scape possess ! behold] long be=e he ev5 ?9ks ( ! special subjects4 ,! o!r pa9t]s made _! figures /& out 9 solid modell+1 replac+ composition ) sculpturesque realities4 ,f ^! y turn away unsatisfi$4 ,i am n argu+ = ! entire omission ( %ad[s & modell+--!y h _! place--b am insi/+ t flat relations ( tone & color are ( fir/ importance2 !y are ! /ructural frame1 :ile gradation & %ad+ are ! f9i%4 ,to beg9 ) r\nd+ up =ms 9 light & %ade1 especially 9 l&scape1 is to rev]se ! natural ord]1 ignore /ructure1 & confuse ! m9d4 ,! academic sy/em has adopt$ ! ^w 8decorate0 = flat tone relations & nonsculpturesque effects1 z if ev]y?+ n /&+ out 9 full relief mu/ belong to decoration4 ,?is use ( ! ^w is mislead+ to ! /ud5t2 we d n speak ( music & poetry z 8decorative04 ,l9es1 tones & colors may be us$ to decorate some?+1 b !y may be simply beautiful 9 !mselves1 9 :i* case !y are no m decorative ?an music4 ,?is ^w %\ld be dropp$ f ! art vocabul>y4 ,,ex]cise ,*oose a l&scape ) a v>iety ( l>ge & small spaces4 #a4 ,compose ?is )9 a bord] 7see ,*ap4 ,,vi47 & :5 ! spac+ is good trace ) ! bru% on sev]al %eets ( ,japanese pap]4 ,next try ! effect ( pa9t+ c]ta9 spaces black1 or d>k gray1 or "s d>k color l blue4 ,! o!r spaces may be left :ite1 or pa9t$ light gray or ) light color4 ,l&scapes are capable ( a great _m twovalue arrangem5ts b n all su* w be f9e4 ,/rive = h>mony r ?an numb]1 v>iety or /rang5ess4 ,comp>e y\r set & select ! be/4 #b4 ,compose ! l&scape into bord]s ( diff]5t proportions2 !n v>y ea* ( ^! 9 two values4 ,! illu/rations1 ,no4 #dg1 make cle> ^! two ways ( work+4 ,! /ud5t may use ! examples giv5 "h1 !n sket* 8 own subjects f nature4 ,,spott+1--,,notan ,,( ,,pictures4 ,:5 ! art /ud5t sket*es ! masses ( d>k&light 9 pictures1 ! 8,spott+0 z he calls x1 he is /udy+ ,notan ( two values1 b 9 an aimless way4 ,he is hunt+ = "s rule or secret s*eme ( %ad+1--an 8ornam5t10 8bird's w+10 a 8l9e20 va9 se>*1 = no two works c h ! same plan1 ea* has its own individual l9e & tone4 ,on ! o!r h& mu* c be le>n$ by /udy+ ! ma/]s' plans ( composition1--n to imitate b to appreciate ! h>mony4 ,"o good way to accompli% ?is is to sket* 9 ! mass+1 9 two values4 ,*oose a numb] ( ma/]pieces1 anci5t & mod]n1 & blot 9 ! d>ks 9 broad flat tones4 ,?is w reveal ! g5]al notans*eme ( ea* picture 7pp4 #ga1 #gb74 ,,orig9al ,,pictorial ,,composition ,,9 ,,two ,,values4 ,! /ud5t is n[ ready = orig9al ,,notan ,x4 ,compositions by v>i\s ma/]s1 r$uc$ to two tones4 8,spott+40 "w ) l&scape1 /ill life or figures4 ,sket*+ f nature ) bru% & ink is a means ( int]pret+ subjects 9 a v broad way1 oblig+ "o to select & reject1 to keep only ! ess5tials4 ,x cultivates appreciation ( texture & "* & br+s out ! p[] ( do+ mu* ) little1--( mak+ a few vigor\s /rokes convey impressions ( =m & complexity4 ,x leads to oil pa9t+ :]e ! bru%t\* mu/ be *>g$ ) mean+2 x is ( direct practical value 9 illu/ration z su* sket*es are effective & easily reproduc$4 ,x is almo/ ! only me?od = pa9t+ on pott]y1 z ! absorb5t glaze admits ( no gradation1 em5dation or erasure2 ! t\* mu/ be decisive & *>act]ful4 ,examples ( bru%sket*+ f nature are giv5 9 ,no4 #dh on opposite page4 ,mass+ 9 two values1 f ,corot1 ,daubigny & ,hokusai4 ,no4 #dh4 ,sket*es f nature 9 two values4 ,notan1 two values1 v>iations ( a motif4 ,subord9ation & ,repetition4 ,,xi4--,,two ,,values--,,go?ic ,,sculpture ,,japanese ,,design ,,books4 ,,applications ,,( ,,two ,,values ,sculpture1 a l9eart1 :5 design$ to enri* ar*itectural spaces1 may h ! aid ( notan 9 ! =m ( relief & %ad[4 ,! range ( tone is n>r[ & ! field seems limit$1 b ! ma/]s h %[n t ! creative imag9ation kn[s no b\nds4 ,!y h express$ e emotion div9e calm1 s]5ity1 excitem5t1 fury1 horror2 & effects ( light1 atmosph]e1 di/ance4 ,! p$im5t & metopes ( ! ,greek temple ow$ z mu* to notan z to l9e2 we c inf] f ! re/orations :at ! orig9al s*eme 04 ,greek ar*itecture1 h[ev]1 did n admit ( ext5sive enri*m5t ) sculpture2 !re 7 few spaces to fill1 & ^? n advantage\s z to position1 %ape or light+4 ,z ! temple evolv$ into ! ,*ri/ian *ur*1 ! new =ms ( build+ & ! new /ory to tell call$ = sculpture4 ,?r\gh ,byzant9e & ,romanesque x took a fre% />t1 pu%+ upw>d & outw>d until x fl[]$ abundantly 9 ,go?ic4 ,al?\gh ! *ur* select$ ! !mes1 ! sculptor might int]pret =m & facial expression z 8 imag9ation direct$1 & compose 8 gr\ps z he *ose4 ,old conv5tions 7 ab&on$2 ! arti/ might n[ seek motifs 9 8 own m9d or 9 nature4 ,! result ( ?is lib]ation ( individual creative p[] 0 great art4 ,! ,go?ic design] us$ notan ) dramatic inv5tion & magical /rang5ess4 ,! ,fr5* ca!drals ( ! be/ p]iod 7,,xi to ,,xiv c5tury7 notably ,p>is1 ,*>tres1 ,ami5s & ,reims1 %[ h[ sculptural traditions 7 boldly brok5 & ! mo/ d>+ effects accompli%$ )\t =gett+ ! "* ( /one or ! ar*itectural requirem5ts4 ,! /onecutt] 0 an arti/ z long z 8 re/ra9t 0 selfimpos$--z long z he held to unity ( ! :ole composition & kept details 9 _! own place--z long z he c>v$ h>monies1 n m]e /ories2 pp4 #h1 #aa1 #bi1 #ea1 #eb4 ,! ma/]pieces ( ,go?ic sculpture may be /udi$ f photographs & f reproductions publi%$ by ! ,muse de ,sculpture ,comp>e1 ,p>is4 ,sket* 9 ! masses ) bru% & ink 9 two values4 ,draw freely1 at arm's l5g?1 on gray or l[ton$ pap]1 obs]v+ ! "* ( %apes ( d>k2 ,no4 #di1 opposite4 ,new av5ues ( tone?\ght w n[ op51 ?r\gh appreciation ( ! p[] & beauty ( ! /one cutt]'s art ( ! middleages4 ,,japanese ,,design ,,books ,japanese ,ramma1 ,fretsaw "w4 ,if "t _h pres]v$ = u ! sket*es ( ,pheidias1 ( ! ar*itect ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 ( ! great design]s ( ! e>ly ages1 we %\ld "k h[ ^! creators plann$ ! l9e & mass1 ! simple /ructural s*emes ( _! immortal works4 ,9 lat] days :5 pap] 0 common1 arti/s' draw+s 7 9 a less p]i%able =m & _m c n[ be se5 9 our museums4 ,"s h be5 publi%$ & are fairly )9 rea*1 ?\gh (t5 9 co/ly editions4 ,b ,japanese art comes to ! aid ( ! /ud5t ( composition ) abundant mat]ial--sket* books1 design books1 draw+s & color pr9ts4 ,! le>n] %\ld seek = g5u9e works ( ! be/ p]iods1 avoid+ mod]n bad reproductions1 imitations1 c>elessly recut blocks1 crude colors1 & all ! ha/y & commonplace /uff prep>$ by deal]s = ! =eign m>ket4 ,! ,japanese knew no division into ,repres5tative & ,decorative2 !y ?\ght ( pa9t+ z ! art ( two dim5sions1 ! art ( rhy?m & h>mony1 9 :i* modell+ & natureimitation are subord9ate4 ,z 9 pre,r5aissance times 9 ,europe1 ! education ( ! ,japanese arti/ 0 f\nd$ ^u composition4 ,?or\gh gr\nd+ 9 fundam5tal pr9ciples ( spac+1 rhy?m & notan1 gave him ! utmo/ fre$om 9 design4 ,he lov$ nature & w5t to h] = 8 subjects1 n to imitate4 ,! w9d+ brook ) wild iris 7above7 ! wave & spray1 ! l&scape1 ,no4 #ea1 7 to him !mes = art to be translat$ into t]ms ( l9e or d>k&light or color4 ,!y are s mu* mat]ial out ( :i* may be fa%ion$ a h>moni\s l9esy/em or a sp>kl+ web ( black & :ite4 ,! ,japanese books ( mo/ value to ! /ud5t ( composition are ^? ) collections ( designs = lacqu]1 wood1 metal & pott]y1 ! ,ukiyoye books ( figures1 birds1 fl[]s & l&scape1 & ! books by ,kano arti/s1 ) bru%sket*es ( compositions by ma/]s4 ,x 0 a common practice ) ! ,japanese to divide a page into sections ( equal size & place a diff]5t design 9 ea* section1 p4 #ee4 ,?is is ( great importance to ! /ud5t = x illu/rates at once ! pr9ciples ( spacefill+ & notan1 & gives an idea ( ! inf9ite possibilities ( arti/ic inv5tion4 ,i h reproduc$ examples f ! ?ree classes ( books m5tion$ above1 select$ 9 ?is case = _! brilliancy ( notan4 ,let ! /ud5t copy !m enl>g$1 !n make orig9al designs ( simil> motives4 ,good reproductions ( _m ,japanese design books c n[ be obta9$ at l[ prices4 ,!y are v /imulat+1 = !y po9t to ! be/ way ( /udy+ nature & ( translat+ h] beauty into ! language ( art2 pp4 #eg1 #fb1 #fd1 #gf--gi4 ,no4 #ej4 ,japanese ,ramma ,fretsaw ,"w4 ,japanese design = embroid]$ kimono4 ,no4 #ea4 ,japanese l&scape compositions = color pr9t+4 ,no4 #eb4 ,japanese botanical "w4 ,ea* page a composition 9 two values4 ,,applications ( ,,notan ( ,,two ,,values ,! ,/ructural me?od ( art /udy places pr9ciple be=e application4 ,mu* appreciation ( notan c\ld be ga9$ f any "o ( ! subjects j consid]$1--= example1 textiles1--b ! t5d5cy w\ld be to ?9k ( tone z belong+ specially to textiles4 ,! same c be said ( ,l9e z x appe>s 9 ca/s1 ! human =m1 or hi/oric ornam5t4 ,att5tion is c5tr$ ^u ! p>ticul> case1 & ! l>g] view is lo/4 ,x is bett] to ga9 a k ( l9e1 mass & color z ! mat]ial out ( :i* to create2 & to become acqua9t$ ) pr9ciples ( h>mony build+1 be=e und]tak+ def9ite applications4 ,?is gives full] control1 & enhances ! work]'s p[]s ( inv5tion4 ,applications ( two values are numb]less2 ,i w m5tion a few ( !m to give ! /ud5t "s clues = orig9al rese>* & exp]im5t4 ,,pr9t+4 ,florets1 seals1 initial lett]s1 page ornam5ts1 illu/rations1 po/]s1 end pap]s1--drawn 9 black1 gray or "o color4 ,,textiles4 ,blue & :ite t[els1 quilts1 etc41 wov5 or pr9t$1 lace1 embroid]y1 rugs1--pages #i1 #fe1 #ff4 ,,k]amics4 ,"o color on a gr\nd ( diff]5t value1 z blue & :ite1 ,no4 #ed2 or black on gray4 ,,metal4 ,p]=at$ %eet metal2 metal = corn]s1 fixtures1 etc41 pp4 #be1 #eh4 ,,wood4 ,fret saw "w1 inlay2 pp4 #fb1 #gf1 #gg4 ,examples ( applications are giv5 bel[1 ,no4 #ec1 & on opposite page4 ,no4 #ec4 ,no4 #ed4 ,,xii4--,,?ree ,,values ,cle> black aga9/ cle> :ite is a /rong contra/2 ev5 ! be/ ( su* "w has "s h>%ness1 despite a sp>kl+ brilliancy4 ,a tone ( gray1 midway betwe5 ^! two extremes1 *anges _! relations & op5s up a :ole new field = creative activity4 ,n[ we mu/ ?9k ( diff]5t degrees ( ,notan1--! 8value0 ( "o tone aga9/ ano!r4 ,?is simple set ( ?ree notes is ! basis ( ! mezzot9t1 aquat9t1 *>coal sket* & wa% draw+4 ,! old ma/]s drew on gray pap] ) black & :ite4 ,f ?ree1 x is an easy /ep to _m values1 & 9 ^! ref9em5ts ( ,notan lies ! true mean+ ( ! ^w 8values40 ,t prop]ty ( pa9t$ %apes1 :]eby !y 8take _! places0 "o beyond ano!r 9 a picture1 is a]ial p]spective1 n values4 ,x is a desirable quality ( ,repres5tation1 & (t5 becomes a k9d ( deception mo/ agreeable to ! m9d unappreciative ( art4 ,^? :o h little p]ception ( h>monies ( tone & color1 wi% to see objects 8/& out0 9 ! picture 8z if !y 7 real40 ,:i/l] prote/$ aga9/ ?is1 hold+ t ! portrait pa9t] is n an arti/ unless he c give ! opposite effect2 t a portrait t /&s out beyond its frame is bad4 ,! ^w 8values0 ref]s to h>mony ( tone/ructure2 ! value ( a mass is its degree ( light or d>k 9 relation to its neighbors4 ,,ex]cise ,! /ud5t comes n[ to a new ex]cise ( judgm5t 9 det]m9+ ! middle value betwe5 black & :ite1 or betwe5 light & d>k gray4 ,he has to mix ?is tone1 & decide :5 x is ( ! "r dep?2 "h1 = ! fir/ "t1 he beg9s to pa9t4 ,= ?is pa9t+ex]cise w be ne$$ :ite di%es 9 :i* to mix ! ink tones1 & flat ,japanese 7hake7 bru%es4 ,! be/ pap] is ,japanese1 well siz$4 ,! ?9 coat+ ( glue keeps ! edge ( ! wa% f dry+ be=e ! bru% c take x up4 ,! fir/ difficulty is ! lay+ ( a flat wa%2 ?is requires dext]ity & mu* practice4 ,pap] mu/ be /ret*$ or ?umbtack$ p]fectly smoo?2 ink/one1 di%es & bru%es mu/ be clean4 ,= a beg9n+ take a simple l9e patt]n2 decide :i* p>ts %all be :ite2 !n wa% a middle tone ( gray ov] ! re/4 ,:5 dry1 pa9t 9 ! black spaces4 ,! reason = keep+ a tone flat is t ! value ( a :ole space c be judg$ bett]2 if x is sloppy & unev5 x loses =ce & int]e/4 ,9 beg9n]s' "w1 & 9 design1 flatness is necess>y1 b 9 picture pa9t+ purely flat tones w\ld r>ely be us$4 ,,?ree ,,grays1 ,a ,,scale ,! next /ep is to mix ?ree values1 light1 m$ium & d>k1 9 ?ree :ite di%es4 ,! int]vals c be te/$ by pa9t+ ! spaces ( a simple scale4 ,?is ne$ n h an outl9e1 z ?ree bru%/rokes w suffice4 ,apply ^! tones to a design2 make sev]al arrangem5ts1 = ! effect1 & to discov] ! possibilities 9 ?ree values4 ,! subjects might be ! same z 9 notan ( two values1 pages #fc--fh4 ,! examples bel[ illu/rate ! me?od & results4 ,see scale1 p4 #hh1 also p4 #i4 ,9 addition to orig9al composition1 ! /ud5t %\ld copy f ma/]pieces ( design & pictorial art1 translat+ !m into ?ree values4 ,:ite4 ,middle ,gray4 ,black4 ,,l&scape ,,& ,,pictures ,= ?reevalue /udies "o may use ink1 *>coal or oil pa9t4 ,! two latt] are p>ticul>ly suitable = l&scape designs & illu/rative "w4 ,*>coal %\ld be us$ lightly & v freely4 ,x gives effects ( vibration1 atmosph]e1 envelope & light1 b ! h&l+ requires special /udy & mu* practice4 ,! fir/ few ex]cises 9 *>coal l&scape may be 9 flat tones 7see ,no4 #ee1 page #he71 & ! /ud5t may f9d x well to make a scale ( ?ree values 9 ?is m$ium2 he mu/ le>n h[ev] to feel outl9es )\t draw+ !m1 & to h&le *>coal firmly b loosely4 ,cov] ! pap] ) a v sket*y tone ( s(t *>coal2 pass ov] x lightly ) a pap] /ump or piece ( cotton clo?4 ,be c>eful n to gr9d ! black into ! pap]1 mak+ an opaque smoky tone4 ,*>coal pap] is made r\gh1 to let ! w>m :ite %9e betwe5 ! little p>ticles ( black t lie ^u ! po9ts ( ! surface4 ,fl[] design4 ,:5 a lum9\s middlegray is obta9$1 sket* 9 ! d>ks ) s(t *>coal & take out ! lights ) bread or rubb]2 ?is effect is l a mezzot9t1 ,nos4 #ee1 #eg1 & p4 #eg4 ,aft] ! pr9ciple ( ?ree values has be5 demon/rat$1 & ! /ud5t c appreciate def9ite int]vals ( tone1 ! in/ructor %\ld all[ great fre$om 9 execution1 n ev5 limit+ to ?ree notes b add+ "o or two o!rs if necess>y to good expression4 ,= oil pa9t+1 mix ! ?ree tones 9 quantity suffici5t to pa9t sev]al /udies4 ,ivory ,black & ,burnt ,si5na w give a good neutral gray4 ,= ! color ( blue *9a or ! ,abruzzi t[els1 use ,prussian ,blue1 ,black & ,:ite4 ,op9ions diff] z to ! use ( dilut+ m$iums1 & sizes ( bru%es1 = oil pa9t+4 ,i %\ld advise ?9n+ ! color ) l9se$ oil & turp5t9e 7half & half71 & us+ l>ge flat bri/le bru%es4 ,canvas %\ld be fairly r\gh 9 texture4 ,if ! surface to be pa9t$ on is smoo?1--ei!r wood1 pa/ebo>d1 or canvas1--prep>e a gr\nd ) ?ick pa9t1 leav+ bru%m>ks4 ,,applications1 ,,?ree ,,values ,use ( ! pr9ciple ( ?ree values 9 outdoor sket*+ & 9 illu/ration1 has be5 expla9$ above4 ,!re is "o application1 among o!rs1 t %\ld be made by ! /ud5t at ?is po9t--composition ( a bookpage4 ,! usual illu/rat$ page is an arrangem5t 9 ?ree tones1--:ite pap]1 gray type1 d>k picture4 ,! value to ! publi%] dep5ds q z mu* ^u ! picturesque effect ( ! illu/ration z ^u its draw+4 ,size & plac+1 disposition ( type1 am\nt ( m>g91 are matt]s ( ,l9e ,composition2 b *oice ( type1 & ! tone ( ! illu/ration belong to ,notan ,composition4 ,h5ce ! /ud5t w ga9 mu* f design+ pages1 9 ink1 *>coal or oil1 us+ z pictures ! copies f ma/]s1 or orig9al /udies4 ,picture1 title1 initial lett]1 & body ( type mu/ be s compos$ t ! result w be effective & h>moni\s1 ,no4 #eh4 ,ref]5ce %\ld be made to examples ( e>ly pr9t+1 to ! works ( ,william ,morris1 & to ! be/ mod]n pr9t+4 ,japanese draw+1 effect ( ?ree values4 ,no #ee4 8,! ,_w ,afloat0 by ,john ,sell ,cotman4 8,/4 ,john's ,riv]0 by ,william ,morris ,hunt4 ,no #ee4 ,,xiii4--,,m ,,?an ,,?ree ,,values ,l9e1 ,notan1 ,color--! elem5ts by :i* ! :ole visible _w is appreh5d$1--may or may n be us$ z ! language ( art4 ,l spee*1 ?is ?reefold language may voice noble emotions 9 poetic /yle1 or may subs]ve ! vulg> & ! humdrum4 ,artlanguage mu/ be 9 art=m2 a numb] ( facts1 or an incid5t1 accurately describ$ 9 pa9t & color may h no m connection ) art ?an a simil> set ( writt5 /atem5ts j pla9 prose4 ,!re is no art unless ! /atem5ts are b\nd toge!r 9 c]ta9 subtle relations :i* we call beauty4 ,:5 beauty ent]s1 ! p>ts cease to h sep>ate exi/5ce1 b are melt$ toge!r 9 a unit4 ,advanc$ composition is only a work+ out ( simple elem5ts into m complex & difficult int]relations4 ,if ! picture has figures & l&scape1 ! l9es ( ea* run 9 su* directions1 int]sect & int]weave 9 su* ways z to =m a musical movem5t4 ,! tones & colors are arrang$ to enri* "o ano!r4 ,a noble subject requires noble pictorial /yle4 ,exp]i5ce ( toneh>mony 9 two & ?ree values br+s appreciation ( notan/ructure & lays a solid f\ndation = advanc$ "w4 ,,scale4 ,at ?is po9t con/ruct a scale introduc+ m delicate relations ( tone1 & involv+ f9] judgm5t z to int]vals4 ,a scale ( :ite1 black & ?ree grays 7a7 w be be/ = beg9n+1 to be foll[$ by a scale ( sev5 values 7b74 ,see page #hh4 ,^! may be made ) ,japanese ink1 wat] color1 *>coal or oil2 b n ) p5cil z x has n dep? en\gh4 ,! values "h are only approximate2 p]fect accuracy _c be obta9$ by ! halftone process4 ,,ex]cise ,*oose a textile1 or any design ) a v>iety ( spaces1 & try notan effects ) tones f ! scale4 ,! object is to discov] a f9e notan s*eme ( values1 & by us+ ! scale "o is assur$ ( def9ite int]vals4 ,if ! notes are mix$ 9 quantity1 !y may be tri$ ^u a halfdoz5 trac+s at once1 f :i* ! be/ %\ld be *os54 ,rememb] t ! scale"w is only an ex]cise to help t[>d cl>ity ( tone1 & to enc\rage inv5tion4 ,h>mony ( d>k&light does n dep5d ^u fix$ int]vals1 nor w ! compos] adh]e to any scale 9 8 orig9al creative "w4 ,"s results ( ?is ex]cise are %[n 9 ,no4 #eh1 page #ia4 ,,illu/ration ,aft] "s exp]i5ce 9 h&l+ five or sev5 tones1 ! /ud5t c und]take orig9al composition4 ,= a beg9n+ pure l&scape may be be/1 tak+ "s ( ! subjects previ\sly us$4 ,foll[ ?is ) l&scape & figures2 gr\ps ( figures ) l&scape backgr\nd2 figures 9 int]iors2 & portrait sket*es4 ,compose = a bookpage1 us+ "o light gray value to repres5t ! effect ( type1 z 9 ,no4 #eh1 opposite4 ,pa9t v freely1 )\t too mu* ?\ght ( scales & int]vals4 ,let gradations ent] :]e ne$$ = f9] effect4 ,/udy ! "w ( ! be/ illu/rators1 not+ ! tones*eme & ! plac+ ^u ! page4 ,,et*+ ,et*+1 p5 draw+ & p5cil sket*+ are l9earts4 ,! ne$le1 p5 & lead p5cil are tools = draw+ l9es1 & !re is mu* reason 9 ,:i/l]'s cont5tion t tone & %ad+ %\ld n be attempt$ ) !m4 ,! tool always gives "* to "w1 & ! be/ results are obta9$ :5 ! possibilities ( tools & mat]ials are fully appreciat$4 ,if a %>p po9t is us$ 9 draw+1 x w produce pure l9e1 ^: quality may rea* any degree ( excell5ce4 ,:i/l]1 9 8 et*+s1 work$ = ! highe/ type ( l9ebeauty2 %ad[s & tones 7 felt1 b n express$4 ,on ! o!r h& ! arti/ is n subject to re/rictions & fix$ laws4 ,he _c all[ ev5 a ma/] to int]f]e ) 8 fre$om2 !re is no 8?\ %alt0 & 8?\ %alt n0 9 art4 ,admitt+ ! value ( all ! argum5ts = re/rict+ ! use ( ! ne$le to l9e only1 ! arti/ obs]ves t clu/]+ ( l9es inevitably produces tone & sugge/s mass+ 7notan ( l9e1 page #ed7 t ?is effect is develop$ 9 ri* gradations by wip+ ! et*+ plate 9 ! process ( pr9t+4 ,et*]s are ?us tempt$ to use tone1 & _m ma/]s1 f ,rembr&t d[n1 h work$ 9 tone m (t5 ?an 9 l9e4 ,,p5 ,,draw+ is a dry1 h>d process b "o ( great value 9 mod]n illu/ration ow+ to ! ease ) :i* x may be reproduc$4 ,x ne$ n be z in>ti/ic z x usually appe>s2 obs]vation ( p5 "w w %[ t1 aside f faults 9 composition1 failure 9 int]e/ lies l>gely 9 ! h&l+4 ,p]haps "o p5 only is us$1 & all textures treat$ alike1 :]eas e texture %\ld h its own *>act]i/ic h&l+2 cross hat*+ or any uni=m sy/em ( %ad+ ) ! p5 is deadly4 ,/udy ! r5d]+2 sugge/ surfacequality r ?an imitate or elaborate2 use a v>iety ( p5s4 ,john/on has %[n ) :at art ! re$ p5 may be employ$ 9 lett]+ & illum9at+4 ,9 comp>ison ) ! ,japanese bru%1 ! ord9>y p5 is a clumsy tool1 b nev]!less x is capable ( mu* m ?an is usually gott5 ) ,no #eh4 ,?ree1 ,f\r1 ,five values4 ,compositions 9 m ?an ?ree values4 ,pratt ,in/itute1 ,brooklyn1 ,new ,york4 8,! ,pirate ,%ip01 ,composition 9 f\r values1 ,tea*]s ,college1 ,new ,york4 8,h>ry ,mayne's ,h\se01 f nature1 five values1 ,ipswi* ,summ] ,s*ool ( ,art ,no4 #fj4 x2 & ! re$ p5 closely approa*es ! bru% z a l9eimplem5t4 ,! bru% may be us$ z a p51 values & mass+ be+ obta9$ by blots & clu/]+ ( l9es4 ,two examples are giv5 bel[2 see also pp4 #g1 #i1 #ai4 ,old h\se on ,brook ,/4 ,ipswi*4 ,h>ry ,mayne ye ,pyrate hys h\se ,ipswi*4 ,,p5cil ,,sket*+ ,mu* t has be5 said ( et*+ & p5 draw+ is equally true ( ! h>d lead p5cil2 b ! s(t p5cil has _m ( ! qualities ( *>coal4 ,x may ev5 be made to resemble ! ink wa%4 ,! mo/ successful p5cil "w is t 9 :i* l9e is ! ma9 ?+1 %ad+ be+ only sugge/$4 ,^! d>ks1 :e!r meant = %ad[s1 local tone1 or color1 w =m a 8spott+0 to :i* is l>gely due ! int]e/ ( ! sket*4 ,if %ad+ is attempt$1 ! tones1 :e!r gray or d>k1 are made by lay+ l9es side by side1 n by crosshat*+ or go+ ov] twice4 ,a p5cil sket* mu/ be (fh&1 premi] c\p1 brilliant & *>act]ful4 ,two examples are giv5 z h9ts = h&l+1 ,no4 #fj4 ,x is n possible "h to discuss p5cil1 p5 or et*+1 at l5g?2 !y are only t\*$ ^u 9 _! relation to composition ( l9e & notan4 ,,ink ,,pa9t+ ,supreme excell5ce 9 ! use ( ink 0 atta9$ by ! ,*9ese & ,japanese ma/]s4 ,impressionism is by no means a mod]n art 7except z to colorvibrations7 = sugge/iv5ess 0 highly priz$ 9 ,*9a a ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,! pa9t] expect$ ! behold] to create ) him1 9 a s5se1 !re=e he put ^u pap] ! fewe/ possible l9es & tones2 j en\gh to cause =m1 texture & effect to be felt4 ,e bru% t\* mu/ be full*>g$ ) mean+1 & useless detail elim9at$4 ,put toge!r all ! good po9ts 9 su* a me?od1 & y h ! qualities ( ! highe/ art2 = :at m d we require ( ! ma/] ?an simplicity1 unity1 p[]ful h&l+1 & t my/]i\s =ce t lays hold ^u ! imag9ation4 ,:y ! ,buddhi/ prie/s ( ! ,z5 sect became pa9t]s1 & :y !y *ose mono*rome are que/ions involv+ a k ( ! doctr9es ( ,buddhism & ( ! ,z5 philosophy4 ,x is suffici5t to say "h t contemplation ( ! p[]s & exi/5ces ( ext]nal nature1 ) a spiritual int]pretation ( !m1 0 ! ma9 occupation ( ,z5 ?\ght4 ,nature's lessons c\ld be le>n$ by br++ ! s\l to h]1 & lett+ x behold itself z 9 a mirror2 ! tea*+ c\ld be pass$ on to o!rs by means ( art--ma9ly ! art ( l&scape pa9t+4 ,religi\s emotion 0 ! spr+ ( artp[] 9 ! ,ea/1 z x 0 9 ! ,we/4 ,l&scape pa9t+ z religi\s art1 has its p>allel 9 ,greek & ,go?ic sculpture1 9 ,italian pa9t+ ( ! _w/ory1 ( ! ,nativity1 ! ,passion1 & ! joys ( heav54 ,"s ( ^! prie/ arti/s ( ! ,z51 ,mokkei1 ,kakei1 ,bay5 9 ,*9a2 ,%ubun1 ,ses%u 9 ,japan1 rank ) ! great pa9t]s ( all "t4 ,!y1 & su* pupils z ,sesson1 ,soami1 ,motonobu & ,tanyu1 7 classic lead]s :o h giv5 u ! pure/ types ( ! art ( inkpa9t+4 ,to !m we look = ! truly arti/ic int]pretation ( nature2 = dramatic1 my/]i\s1 elusive tone h>mony2 = supreme skill 9 bru%"w4 ,japanese sket* ( ! mass+ 9 a pa9t+ by an old ma/] ,inkpa9t+ is bo? an art & a craft2 x has ref9em5ts & possibilities t c be realiz$ only by work+ ) a ,japanese arti/4 ,he />ts ) a pap] ( l[ tone--x may be its natural /ate1 or he may wa% x ov] ) ?9 ink ,no4 #fa4 ,pa9t+ & detail ( pa9t+ by ,,ses%u4 ,no #fb4 ,an ,ipswi* ,hill4 & color4 ,into ?is atmosph]ic und]tone he plays gradations1 %>p edg$ /rokes1 drops ( black1 & vibrat+ wa%es1--only t\*+ ^u =ms1 b cle>ly m>k+ planes ( a]ial p]spective4 ,no4 #fa4 ,sket* f a ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,japanese book ,= exp]im5ts 9 inkpa9t+ ,i recomm5d ! ,japanese pap] call$ 8to%i40 ,if ?is is n )9 rea*1 a good sub/itute may be made by siz+ manila pap] ) a ?9 solution ( alum4 ,japanese pap] %\ld be wet1 & pa/$1 by ! edges1 ^u a bo>d4 ,manila pap]1 aft] wett+1 may be tack$ ^u a /ret*]4 ,japanese ink & ink/one1 7,*apt] ,,ii7 r\nd & flat bru%es1 s(t *>coal1 & a set ( :ite di%es w be ne$$4 ,sket* 9 ! subject lightly ) ! *>coal1 du/ x (f & draw ! ma9 l9es ) pale ?9 v]milion wat] color4 ,wa% 9 ! broad masses1 rely+ ^u /r5g!n+ by _m ov]tones4 ,put 9 ! d>ks la/1 be+ v c>eful t !y are n too %>pedg$4 ,no4 #fb4 ,x is n possible = u to atta9 p]fect ma/]y ( ,japanese mat]ials & me?ods1 b ! /udy w tra9 9 appreciation ( tonecomposition1 & 9 bett] h&l+ ( our own wat] color & oil4 ,good photogravures may n[ be obta9$2 9 "s cases ! /ud5t may copy f orig9als 9 our museums4 ,sket* f a ,x,v,i,ith c5tury ,japanese book ,,color ,,xiv4--,,color ,,!ory ,color1 ) its inf9ity ( relations1 is baffl+2 its f9] h>monies1 l ^? ( music1 c be grasp$ by ! appreciations only1 n by reason+ or analysis4 ,color1 9 art1 is a subject n well und]/ood z yet1 & !re are viol5t diff]5ces ( op9ion among arti/s1 tea*]s & critics1 z to :at con/itutes good colorin/ruction4 ,! mo/ t ,i c d "h is to outl9e a simple me?od ( /udy4 ,! usual advice ( ! academic pa9t] to 8keep try+10 is disc\rag+ to ! beg9n] & increases 8 confusion2 x is n 9 accord ) good s5se ei!r1 = ! o!r arts are n attack$ ?r\gh timid & aimless exp]im5t4 ,an arti/ may say t a c]ta9 gr\p ( colors is a h>mony2 ! pupil _c see x1 b he takes ! ma/]'s ^w = x4 ,! arti/ is n tea*+ successfully unless he po9ts ! way to appreciation1 h[ev] h>d or long x may be4 ,a sy/ematic /udy ( l9e & tone is v pr(itable1 z we h se52 ,i believe t color may be approa*$ 9 l mann]1 & ,i %all attempt n[ to relate ! treatm5t ( ! colorelem5t 7*apt] ,i7 to t ( ! o!r two1 & to give "s results ( p]sonal exp]i5ce4 ,^? :o h b little "t = "w 9 color1 c sp5d x be/ 9 copy+1 "u guidance1 examples ( ackn[l$g$ excell5ce1 l ,japanese pr9ts1 ,ori5tal rugs1 & reproductions ( ma/]pieces4 ,contact ) ^!1 ev5 look+ at !m 7if ! pupil is taught :at to look =71 w /r5g!n ! p[]s ( color p]ception4 ,9 s*ools :]e ! art p]iods are %ort & few1 ?is may be ! only me?od possible4 7,see p4 #ac & *ap4 ,,xvi47 ,= ^? :o int5d to use color 9 creative "w a c]ta9 am\nt ( !ory is indisp5sable1 z x simplifies ! subject & op5s up a few def9ite l9es ( rese>*4 ,! ^w 8!ory0 has become a k9d ( academic bugbe>1 yet ,leon>do da ,v9ci said t ! pa9t] :o works )\t a !ory is l ! sailor :o goes to sea )\t a compass4 ,wellord]$ ?\ght is z necess>y 9 art z 9 any o!r field4 ,!ory is a help to cle> ?9k+ & gives direction & purpose to practice4 ,color1 h[ev] complicat$1 may be r$uc$ to ?ree simple elem5ts3 ,,hue1--z yell[1 bluegre51 ,,notan 7or ,value71--z d>k r$1 light r$1 ,,int5sity 7or ,brighttograyness7--z int5se blue1 dull blue4 ,color h>mony dep5ds ^u adju/m5ts 9 ?is ?reefold nature4 ,if a colors*eme is discordant1 ! fault may be discov]$ 91--wrong selection ( hues or weak values1 or illmat*$ int5sities1 or all ?ree4 ,?is simple classification r$uces ! p]plexities t beset ! /ud5t1 by %[+ him :]e to look = ! cause ( failure4 ,! words 8,value0 & 8,*roma0 are us$ 9 ?is connection by ,alb]t ,h4 ,munsell1 to ^: book 8,a ,color ,notation0 ! read] is ref]r$ = a v conv9c+ exposition ( color !ory4 ,mr4 ,munsell has inv5t$ a photomet] to measure values ( light & color1 & has prep>$ scales1 sph]es1 *>ts & pigm5ts = s*ool use4 ,my own exp]im5ts 9 mak+ circles ( hues & scales ( notan & int5sities1 7 bas$ ^u ! old !ory--,r$1 ,blue & ,yell[ z prim>ies1 ,gre51 ,orange & ,violet z second>ies1 etc4 ,at t "t 7#ahij7 ! progression f bright to gray 0 n recogniz$ z a di/9ct elem5t ( color1 b 9 arteducational works diff]5ce ( int5sity 0 confus$ ) d>k&light2 spectra = s*ool use conta9$ hues 9 viol5t contra/ z to brilliancy & value4 ,sci5ce det]m9$ long s9ce t ! fundam5tal color impressions are n r$1 blue & yell[1 b ,r$1 ,gre5 & ,violetblue4 ,mr4 ,munsell adopts ^! & two second>ies1 ,yell[ & ,purple--five hues 9 all--z ! basis ( all color expression 9 art4 ,?is seems v simple & q suffici5t = work+ out all problems 9 color s*em+4 ,note4 ,exp]im5ts z outl9$ bel[1 are int5d$ only to set ! /ud5t ?9k+1 9 an ord]ly way1 ab\t ! ?ree dim5sions ( color4 ,dim5sions ( ,color ,,ex]cises ,,hue4 ,to judge ( ! effect ( "o hue ^u ano!r1 arrange ! :ole five1 ,r$1 ,yell[1 ,gre51 ,blue1 ,purple1 9 a circle mak+ !m equal 9 value & equal 9 degree ( brightness1 ?us elim9at+ notan & int5sity4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! circle 7,n7 pa9t a note ( middle value1 *os5 f ! scale1 p4 #hh4 ,!n pa9t ! o!r divisions ,r1 ,y1 ,g1 ,b1 ,p ) ! five hues4 ,:5 ?is is well done if ! circle 7 photograph$ ^u a colorbl9d plate1 ! result w\ld be a flat tone ( middle gray4 ,no pigm5t is ( ! exact quality ne$$2 r$ t is nei!r yell[r$ nor purpler$ c be mix$ f ,v]milion & ,crimson2 ,prussian ,blue is gre5i%1 ,new ,blue is r$di%2 "s pigm5ts are too light1 o!rs too d>k4 ,?is ex]cise requires /udy ( great importance to ! pa9t]1 giv+ him a bett] acqua9tance ) 8 mat]ials4 ,next1 make a circle ( int]m$iates1 ,no4 #fc1 by mix+ adjo9+ hues2 ?is gives five m notes--yell[r$1 gre5yell[1 bluegre51 purple blue1 r$purple4 ,be> 9 m9d t ^! circles are only /atem5ts ( relations1 ( ! same use z a scale4 ,! "q n[ is ( ! artuse ( !m1 ( compos+ a h>mony ) !m4 ,,application4 ,*oose a l9edesign1 & pa9t ! spaces ) colors f ! second circle4 ,! effect w be peculi> because !re are no diff]5ces ( d>k&light or int5sity2 ! only h>mony possible comes f int]play ( hues1 a k9d ( iridesc5ce & vibration2 see opposite page4 ,colors t /& opposite 9 circle--z blue1 yell[r$2 or r$1 blue gre5--w1 if plac$ side by side1 increase ea* o!r's p[] & produce viol5t contra/4 ,opposition ( ,color is analog\s to ,opposition ( ,l9e 7page #ba7 & ,opposition ( ,notan 7black & :ite74 ,to unite ^! extremes ( diff]5ce1 br+ 9 a ?ird hue relat$ to ea*1 = example1--r$1 gre5yell[1 bluegre52 yell[1 yell[r$1 purpleblue4 ,?is is ! pr9ciple ( ,transition 7page #bb72 see also page #hb1 ?ree values4 ,practice 9 compos+ ) few & simple elem5ts1 ( decid+ :5 contra/+ colors are ( equal value1 or equal int5sity1 is ( direct use 9 art4 ,! l&scape pa9t] opposes ! :ole sky to ! :ole gr\nd2 he wants a vibration ( color 9 ea*1 )\t di/urb+ ! values2 ! design] 9 /a9$ glass sometimes desires to fill a space ) iridesc5t color1 p]haps z a backgr\nd = figures4 ,! /ud5t may1 if he likes1 use black ) ^! colors1 produc+ a v brilliant effect l a ,cairo w9d[2 b "h ! hues are measur$ aga9/ black1 r ?an aga9/ ea* o!r4 ,9 ,no4 #fc are %[n two exp]im5ts 9 compos+ ) ,,hue4 ,,notan ( ,,color4 ,draw 9 outl9e six scales1 z %[n 9 ! diagram4 ,pa9t ,n 9 :ite1 black & ?ree grays 7see page #hh74 ,9 ! spaces m>k$ 7a7 pa9t ea* ( ! five hues--r$1 yell[1 gre51 blue & purple1 middle value & equal int5sity4 ,notan ( ,color ,next1 pa9t a light] value 7b7 & a d>k] 7c7 mak+ a notanscale ( ea* hue1--light r$1 middle r$1 d>k r$1 etc4 ,obs]ve t int5sity dim9i%es t[>d light & d>k4 ,if ! int]m$iates1 yell[r$1 gre5 yell[ & ! re/1 are also arrang$ 9 ?is way f light to d>k1 y w h a set ( notes = application 9 composition4 ,,application4 ,a l9e design may n[ be color$ f "o ( ! scales1 say ,blue4 ,hue & ,int5sity be+ elim9at$1 ! :ole ef=t is c5tr$ ^u notan ( color4 ,?is is an ex]cise 9 ?ree values 7page #hc7 us+ color in/ead ( neutral gray4 ,no4 #fd1 p4 #aje4 ,no4 #fc4 ,color ,!ory1 ,,hue4 ,no4 #fd4 ,color ,!ory1 ,,notan ( ,color4 ,no4 #fd4 ,color ,!ory1 ,,int5sity1 scales & ex]cises4 ,m applications c be made ?an 9 ! case ( ,hue2 hi/oric art is full ( !m4 ,dut* tiles1 ,japanese pr9ts & blue t[els1 ,abruzzi t[els1 ,am]ican blue quilts1 etc41 are examples ( h>mony built up ) sev]al values ( "o hue4 ,) two hues innum]able v>iations are possible4 ,japanese pr9ts ( ! 8r$ & gre50 p]iod are compositions 9 light yell[r$1 middle gre51 black1 & :ite4 ,o!r examples c be easily f\nd 9 ! _w's art4 ,! /ud5t %\ld apply ! scalenotes to 8 own designs1 n us+1 at ?is /age1 m ?an two hues1 ) p]haps black & :ite4 ,,int5sity4 ,color v>ies n only 9 hue & value1 b 9 int5sity1--rang+ f bright to gray4 ,e pa9t] kn[s t a brilliant bit ( color1 set 9 gray] tones ( ! same or neighbor+ hues1 w illum9ate ! :ole gr\p1--a di/+ui%$ & elusive h>mony4 ,! fire opal has a s+le po9t ( int5se sc>let1 melt+ into pe>l2 ! cle> ev5+ sky is l ?is :5 f ! sunk5 sun ! r$orange light grades away ?r\gh yell[ & gre5 to /eelgray4 ,?is r>ely beautiful quality ( color c be bett] und]/ood by isolat+ x & te/+ x 9 designs 7z has be5 done ) ea* pr9ciple1 f ,l9e onw>d2 see page #ba74 ,pa9t a scale ) "o hue1 say ,v]milion1 keep+ ea* space ( ! same value1 b grad+ ! int5sity d[n to neutral gray4 ,,application4 ,arrange ^! notes 9 a l9e design4 ,z ,hue & ,notan are elim9at$1 ! only h>mony w be t ( bright po9ts float+ 9 grayi% tones 7,no4#fe74 ,o!r hues may be scal$ & te/$ 9 l mann]4 ,comb9e two hues 9 "o design1 all values equal1--add+ contra/ ( hue to contra/ ( int5sity4 ,examples ab\nd 9 pa9t+4 ,to cite a few3 ! elem5t ( int5sity gives bread? & tonal h>monies 9 /a9$ glass1 ,p]sian rugs1 ,caz9's =egr\nds1 ! pr9ts ( ,h>unobu1 ,kiyonaga & ,%un%o4 ,,compositions 9 ,,hue1 ,,notan1 ,,int5sity4 ,9 all colors*emes ^! ?ree w be f\nd 9 comb9ation4 ,analysis ( a few compositions w be wor? :ile2 = example1 ! pr9t1 ,no4 #fi1 p4 #abd1 & ! pr9t & textile1 page #ac4 ,note 7#a7 ! numb] ( hues2 7#b7 ! numb] ( values ( ea* hue1 :e!r d>k1 light or m$ium2 7#c7 ! degrees ( int5sity ( ea* hue1 :e!r v bright1 bright1 m$ium or dull2 7#d7 ! quantity ( ea* color & its di/ribution 9 ! design2 7#e7 ! am\nt & effect ( black1 :ite & neutral gray4 ,= a simple ex]cise 9 composition ! /ud5t might color a l9e design 9 sev]al ways1 us+ ?ree hues1 v>y+ ! d>k&light di/ribution & ! quantity ( bright & gray tones4 ,foll[ ?is ) o!r designs 9 color4--fl[] panels1 repeat+ patt]ns1 figures 9 co/ume1 & l&scape4 ,a little ( ?is k9d ( "w w cultivate good judgm5t z to color relations1 & w /imulate inv5tion4 ,color ,!ory does n ensure h>mony b is a help t[>d x1 z x %[s :]e balance & adju/m5t are ne$$4 ,note4 ,x is next to impossible to reproduce colors ) p]fect accuracy1 & ev5 if ! hues1 values & int5sities c\ld be exactly copi$1 x is d\btful if ! inks w\ld rema9 absolutely un*ang$ = a great l5g? ( "t4 ,! plates ( ,color ,!ory "h %[n are int5d$ only z /atem5ts ( ! fundam5tal colorrelations4 ,!y are n sci5tifically accurate1 nor d !y ne$ to be1-!y are to be us$ 9 art1 n 9 sci5ce4 ,_! purpose is to %[ ! pupil h[ to /udy color1 h[ to make scales & apply !m 9 art1 r ?an to furni% a /&>d to be copi$4 8,! ,gundal[01 /udy 9 ?ree values4 ,no4 #ff4 ,color d]iv$ f ,,notan4 ,,xv4--,,color ,,d]iv$ ,,f ,,notan ,"o approa* to ,color may be ?r\gh ,notan1 ei!r be=e or aft] /udy+ color !ory4 ,by clu/]+ l9es tone is produc$ 7page #ed72 by t+e+ neutral grays ,color is produc$4 ,9 mono*rome itself f9e relations ( notan w sugge/ color4 ,japanese ink pa9t]s enhance ! h>monies ( tonecomposition by m+l+ slight quantities ( hue ) ! ink4 ,fa9t wa%es ( yell[ 9 =egr\nds1 ( gre5 9 foliage1 ( blue 9 sea & sky1 ( r$ & o!r colors 9 build+s & co/umes1 convey impressions ( full colorkeys4 ,et*]s & li?ograph]s (t5 add a few t\*es ( color n only z a contra/ to ! grays1 b to cause ! behold] to imag9e ! :ole colors*eme4 ,! effect ( modify+ neutrals ) hue may be obs]v$ 9 ! foll[+ ,,ex]cise ,prep>e a set ( ?ree gray wa%es1 light1 m$ium1 & d>k 7page #hc7 9 ?ree :ite di%es4 ,japanese ink w n mix ) our wat] colors2 use ,ivory ,black ) a t\* ( ,burnt ,si5na to br+ x to neutrality4 ,hav+ settl$ ^u a color arrangem5t = "s simple design1 mix a small quantity ( color into ea* di%4 ,suppose ! subject to be a tulip panel 9 ?ree values3 #a4 ,leaves--middle yell[gre5 #b4 ,fl[]--middle r$yell[ #c4 ,backgr\nd--light yell[ ,add to #a/ di% a yell[ gre5 7,prussian ,blue & ,gamboge72 to ! #bnd ,v]milion & ,gamboge2 to ! #crd ,raw ,si5na4 ,pa9t ^! notes ^u ! design4 7,see opposite page47 ,make a half doz5 trac+s ( ! same design4 ,z ea* "o is pa9t$ add m color to ! wa%es until ! la/ "o has a v small quantity ( gray4 ,! result is a s]ies 9 :i* color gr[s gradually f neutrals4 ,no4 #ff4 ,next1 use bright & gray tones ( ! same hue1 an effect l fad$ rugs & age/a9$ ,japanese pr9ts4 ,dull+ colors ) gray may n h>monize !m4 ,"o :o appreciates f9e quality is n deceiv$ by ^? :o 8antique0 rugs or pr9ts ) c(fee & *emicals4 ,a design poor 9 proportion1 weak 9 notan & h>% 9 color _c be sav$ by ton+--! faults are only a little less app>5t4 ,,"o ,,hue & ,,neutrals4 ,ano!r approa* to color1 f notan1 is ?r\gh sub/itution ( hues = grays4 ,?is might 79 a %ort c\rse7 foll[ ex]cises 9 five or m values 7page #hi47 ,ref]r+ n[ to ! scales ( five & sev5 values1 = application to a design1 sub/itute a hue = "o ( ^! grays1 c>efully keep+ ! value4 ,if ! subject be a v>iation ( a ,coptic textile1 a w>m r$ or yell[gre5 may be *os52 = a fl[] panel1 bright yell[1 yell[r$ or em]ald gre54 ,excell5ce 9 result w dep5d ^u di/ribution ( ! "o hue among neutral tones4 ,examples are _m2 two k9ds only ne$ be m5tion$ n[1--,am]ican ,indian pott]y1 & l&scapes 9 black1 gray & v]milion r$ f ,hokusai's 8,mangwa10 7p4 #eg47 ,,"o ,,hue 9 ,,two & ,,?ree ,,values4 ,! next /ep w\ld be to replace two grays ) two values ( "o hue1 mak+ scales l ^!3 ,:ite ,:ite ,light gre5 ,middle gre5 ,d>k gray ,black ,:ite ,light purple ,middle gray ,d>k purple ,black ,foll[ by elim9at+ all ! grays1 & ! scale might be l ?is3 ,:ite ,light bluegre5 ,middle bluegre5 ,d>k bluegre5 ,black ,*oice ( color w dep5d ^u ! nature ( ! design4 ,! m$ium may be crayon1 wa%1 opaque wat] color or oil pa9t4 ,,two & ,,?ree ,,hues4 ,if two hues are introduc$ ! complexity w be great]1 b !re w be m *ances = inv5tion & v>iation4 ,) at lea/ t5 hues to *oose f--,r1 ,,yr1 ,y1 ,,gy1 ,g1 ,,bg1 ,b1 ,,pb1 ,p1 ,,rp--ea* "o ( :i* might h p]haps f\r degrees ( int5sity 7f v bright to dull7 ! /ud5t has mat]ial to compose 9 any key4 ,two typical scales are giv5 bel[3 ,two hues-- ,:ite ,light yell[ ,middle gray ,d>k gre5 ,black ,?ree hues-- ,:ite ,light yell[ ,middle graygre5 ,d>k graypurple ,black ,,h>mony ,w ! ex]cises 9 ! =ego+ *apt]s ensure a h>mony8 ,no1 !y are only helps to a bett] und]/&+ ( color4 ,h>mony dep5ds ^u 7a7 good l9e design1 7b7 *oice ( hues1 7c7 quantity ( ea*1 7d7 a dom9at+ color1 7e7 notan values1 7f7 f9e relations ( int5sity1 7g7 quality ( surface1 7h7 h&l+4 ,all ^! 9 p]fect syn!sis w be f\nd 9 ! works ( ! greate/ ma/]s4 ,x is also true t simple h>monies are n difficult to realize1 z is witness$ by primitive art & ! be/ "w ( /ud5ts4 ,) practice 9 ! ways sugge/$ "h1 two o!r ?+s are necess>y1--advice f an exp]i5c$ & appreciative in/ructor1 & acqua9tance ) f9e examples ( color4 ,no4 #fg4 ,color s*emes f ,japanese pr9ts--,applications to ,design4 ,,xvi4--,,color ,,s*emes ,,f ,,japanese ,,pr9ts ,,& ,,f ,,textiles ,9 ! que/ = h>mony1 :at bett] c\rse c\ld be tak5 ?an to copy h>monies8 ,no?+ s %>p5s color p]ception z contact ) ! be/ examples4 ,! attempt to rea* a ma/]'s /yle1 peculi> colorfeel+1 ref9em5ts ( tone & me?ods ( h&l+1 br+s bo? k & appreciation4 ,= ord9>y use ,japanese pr9ts are mo/ conv5i5t & inspir+ colormodels4 ,,copy+ ,,japanese ,,pr9ts4 ,9 ! be/ ( ^! ! color has a peculi> bloom due to ! process ( pr9t+ f wood blocks4 ,! pap] is press$ ^u =ms cut on ! flat side ( a bo>d2 ! gra9 ( ! wood1 ! r\gh surface ( ! 8b>50 ) :i* ! pap] is rubb$ d[n1 & ! fibr\s texture ( ! pap] comb9e to make a lum9\s vibrat+ tone4 ,p>ticles ( color lie ^u ! tops ( silk5 filam5ts1 all[+ ! und]tone ( ! pap] to %9e ?r\gh1--precisely ! quality s\ght by pa9t]s 9 us+ a r\gh canvas & ?9 wa%es1 or ?ick color put on ) small bru%es4 ,9 ! pr9t ! vibration is n obvi\s1 b ! effect is t ( color ov] :i* floats a ?9 gold5 envelope4 ,ord9>y *>coal pap] is good = copies1 z x has a r\ghness t aids 9 produc+ atmosph]ic tones4 ,rub a slight quantity ( *>coal ov] ! surface1 v lightly2 wipe x (f ) *amois or cotton rag1 leav+ little po9ts ( black 9 ! holl[s ( ! pap]4 ,isolate ! desir$ colorpassage1 by cutt+ an op5+ 9 a %eet ( :ite pap] & lay+ x ^u ! face ( ! pr9t4 ,copy ) wa%es ( wat] color4 ,if ! pr9t is age/a9$1 tone y\r *>coal pap] ) ,raw ,si5na & ,ivory ,black4 ,,au?ors4 ,good colors*emes c be f\nd any:]e 9 ! range ( ,japanese colorpr9t+1 f ,okumura ,masanobu 9 ! middle ( ! ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury to mod]n days1 b ! r>ity & great value ( e>ly pr9ts puts !m out ( rea* ( ^? :o h n access to museum collections4 ,i c m5tion "h b a few names1 ) :i* ! /ud5t is mo/ likely to meet3 ,torii ,kiyonobu & 8 fell[s ( ! 8r$&gre5 p]iod0 7fir/ half ( ! ,x,v,i,i,ith c5tury72 ,h>unobu1 ,koriusai1 ,kiyonaga & ,%un%o1 :o work$ 9 sunny yell[s & r$s1 pe>ly gre5s & pale purples1 (t5 mo/ clev]ly oppos$ ) transp>5t black & cool silv]y grays2 !n ,utam>o & ,toyokuni ,i41 /rong b less f9e4 ,among ,x,l,xth c5tury m5 ,hiro%ige 7page #ac7 & ,hokusai are prem95t z colori/s4 ,bo? h /rongly influ5c$ ,occid5tal pa9t]s4 ,hiro%ige design$ s]ies aft] s]ies ( pr9ts1--sc5es fam\s = _! beauty or hi/oric int]e/2 /ations on ! two great highways1 ! ,tokaido & ! ,kisokaido2 effects ( w9d1 ra91 sn[ & twilight2 fl[]s1 birds1 & a few figures4 ,he w\ld recompose ! same s]ies aga9 & aga9 9 diff]5t size & colors*eme4 ,8 design is full ( delightful surprises2 8 arti/ic p[] & inv5tiv5ess are a/oni%+4 ,a prodigi\s am\nt ( "w is sign$ by 8 "n2 "s critics hold t !re 0 a second1 & ev5 a ?ird ,hiro%ige1 b ,f5ollosa believ$ 9 "o only1 ^: mann] naturally v>i$ dur+ a long life 7#agij--aheh74 ,hokusai's color is /range & imag9ative2 sometimes delicate almo/ to neutrality1 sometimes />tl+ & d>+4 ,8 pupils ,hokkei1 ,hokuju & ! re/ are m g5tle4 ,! figure pr9ts mo/ commonly se5 are by ,kunisada 7,toyokuni ,,ii71 ,kuniyo%i & o!r pupils ( ,toyokuni ,i41 & ,keisai ,yeis54 ,"h1 z 9 mo/ ,japanese figure pr9ts1 color effects are produc$ by skilful comb9ations ( patt]ns ^u co/umes4 ,e k9d ( colorkey is possible1 by ?is means1 ) inf9ite v>iations2--impressioni/ pa9t+ ) wood blocks4 ,! /ud5t is w>n$ t poor pr9ts ab\nd1--impressions f wornout blocks1 *eap mod]n repr9ts1 & imitations4 ,bright1 fre% color1 h[ev]1 ne$ n be tak5 to mean imitation2 "s ( ! e>ly editions h be5 kept 9 albums 9 /ore h\ses1 & ! color has n *ang$4 ,exp]i5ce & appreciation are aft] all ! only safegu>ds4 ,,application4 ,hav+ made ! copy ( ! colors*eme1 apply ! same colors to sev]al trac+s ( "o design1 7,no4 #fg74 ,"o ( ! ?+s taught by ?is ex]cise is t di/ribution & proportion ( color affect h>monic relations4 ,colors t h>monize z !y /& 9 ! pr9t may seem discordant :5 us$ 9 diff]5t quantities2 !y w surely be s if ! design is badly spac$4 ,) a good design1 & correct judgm5t z to hue1 notan & int5sity1 ! *ances are t ea* v>iation w be satisfactory4 ,copies f ,hiro%ige are ( special value to ! l&scape pa9t]4 ,^! may be made 9 oil z a /udy ( quality & vibration4 ,! proc$ure is a little diff]5t f ! prec$+4 ,x is bett]1 9 oil pa9t+1 to copy :ole pr9ts4 ,ov] ! surface ( a l>ge r\gh canvas scrub a ?9 gray1 ( ! color ( ! pap] ( ! pr9t4 ,draw ! design 9 a few vigor\s l9es1 omitt+ all details4 ,pa9t 91 at arm's l5g?1 ! pr9cipal color notes1 n cov]+ ! :ole surface or fill+ 9 outl9es4 ,mix colors be=eh&1 tak+ "t to copy ea* hue & value exactly4 ,! pa9t+1 ) ea* color ready ^u ! palette1 %\ld be swift & vigor\s4 ,place ! pr9t above ! canvas2 /& :ile pa9t+2 make comp>isons at a di/ance4 ,copy+ ,japanese pr9ts is recomm5d$ = practice 9 color2 x does n replace naturepa9t+ or orig9al design1 ?\gh x w be a help to bo?4 ,,copy+ ,,color f ,,textiles4 ,! ex]cises describ$ above may be tak5 ) textiles4 ,beauty ( color 9 ! f9e/ ( ^! is due to good composition1 ! s(t5+ ( du/ & age/a91 & ! atmosph]ic envelope caus$ by reflection ( light f ! m9ute po9ts ( ! web4 ,= "s k9ds ( textile ! *>coal pap]1 z above1 may be useful2 = o!rs1 gray pap] & wax crayons4 ,! latt] are excell5t = copy+ rugs & c be us$ 9 orig9al designs = rugs4 ,z to models1 "w f orig9als 9 museums1--,p]sian c>pets & rugs1 ,coptic & ,p]uvian tape/ries1 m$iaeval tape/ries1 ,italian1 ,spani% & ,fr5* textiles ,x,i,i,ith to ,x,v,i,i,ith c5turies1 etc4 ,9 ! 8ragfairs0 ( ,europe1 & 9 antique %ops1 "o may f9d scraps ( ! wov5 & pr9t$ /uffs ( ! be/ p]iods4 ,! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum has publi%$ color$ reproductions ( textiles4 ,art libr>ies w h ,fis*ba*'s1 ,mum=d's1 ! ,kelekian ,collection & o!rs 9 full color4 ,,composition ,,xvii4--,,9 ,,design ,,& ,,pa9t+ ,! te/ ( any sy/em ( art/udy lies 9 :at y c d ) x4 ,h>monybuild+ has be5 ! !me ( ! =ego+ pages1 ) progressive ex]cises 9 /ructural l9e1 d>k&light & color4 ,! product %\ld be p[]1--p[] to appreciate1 p[] to d some?+ wor? :ile4 ,practice 9 simple h>monies gives control ( ! m complex relations1 & enables "o to create ) fre$om 9 any field ( art4 ,su* tra9+ is ! be/ f\ndation = "w 9 design1 ar*itecture1 ! crafts1 pa9t+1 sculpture & tea*+4 ,aft] ?is %\ld come special tra9+2 = ! design]1 ar*itect1 craftsman1 /udy ( hi/oric /yles1 sev]e drill 9 draw+ 7freeh& & me*anical71 k ( mat]ials2 = ! pa9t] & sculptor1 long practice 9 draw+ & modell+1 acquirem5t ( te*nique2 = ! tea*]1 drill 9 draw+1 pa9t+1 design+ & modell+1 /udy ( educational pr9ciples1 k ( s*ool conditions & public ne$s1 practice tea*+4 ,9 a ^w1 fir/ cultivate ! m9d1 set ! ?\ghts 9 ord]1 utilize ! p[] )92 !n ! eye & ! h& c be tra9$ effectively1 ) a def9ite end 9 view4 ,! usual way1 9 our sy/ems ( artin/ruction1 is to put drill fir/1 leav+ ?\ght & appreciation out ( acc\nt4 ,applications ( /ructural pr9ciples are _m2 ,i c m5tion & illu/rate b a few3 ,,wood ,,block ,,pr9t+ ,,= ,,/udy ,,( ,,patt]n ,,& ,,color4 ,! art ( wood block pr9t+ has be5 practis$ = ages 9 ,ori5tal c\ntries4 ,our ^w 8calico0 is f ! "n ( an ,indian t[n1 ,calicut1 :5ce pr9t$ patt]ns 7 br\ght to ,engl&4 ,! old] ,indian designs1 n[ v r>e1 _h great beauty ( l9e & color4 ,^! anci5t cotton pr9ts are us$ by ! ,japanese = out] cov]+s ( pieces ( preci\s pott]y1--fir/ a silk brocade bag1 !n "o ( ,indian calico envelop+ a wood5 box 9 :i* is ! b[l wrapp$ 9 pla9 cotton clo?4 ,! process ( wood block pr9t+ is v simple1 & 9 my op9ion ( special educational value4 ,aft] obs]vation ( ! craft 9 ,india 9 #aijd ,i det]m9$ to introduce x into art c\rses--bo? = adults & *ildr54 ,! me?od is outl9$ bel[3 #a4 ,design ! patt]n 9 p5cil or ink4 #b4 ,draw ! unit1 ) att5tion to its %ape & proportions & ! effect :5 repeat$4 #c4 ,pa/e ?is face d[n ^u a wood block2 p9e1 gum wood1 or a h>d wood ( close gra94 ,no4 #fh4 ,,composition ,,xvii--,wood ,block ,pr9t+4 ,no4 #fi4 ,! ,m>% ,creek4 ,wood block pr9t by ,ar?ur ,w4 ,d[4 #d4 ,cut away ! :ite spaces1 cle>+ ) a g\ge4 ,z ! block is to be us$ z a /amp1 ! corn]s & all outside ! design1 mu/ be remov$4 #e4 ,pr9t+4 ,lay a piece ( felt ^u a slate1 or ^u a glass1 p\r a few drops ( mucilage ^u ! felt1 & mix ) x ei!r common wat] color1 or dry color4 ,di/ribute ?is ev5ly ) a flat bri/le bru%4 ,make a l>ge pad1 say #bb x #bh or #ad x #bj1 by tack+ cambric ^u a draw+ bo>d4 ,"u ! cambric %\ld be "o ?ickness ( felt4 ,,pr9t+ on ,,pap]4 ,a slightly r\gh absorb5t surface pr9ts well4 ,wrapp+ pap] c be f\nd 9 _m colors1 tones & textures1 & is inexp5sive4 ,damp pap] w give cle>cut impressions4 ,lay ! pap] ^u ! l>ge pad2 *>ge ! block ^u ! small pad1 & /amp ! patt]n4 ,if ! impression is poor1 ! cause may be3--7a7 ,face ( block is n level2 rub x ^u a %eet ( f9e s&pap]2 7b7 l>ge pad is unev52 7c7 pap] is wr9kl$ or is too glossy2 7d7 color is too ?ick or too wet4 ,practice w ov]come ^! small difficulties4 ,,pr9t+ on ,,clo?4 ,! be/ effects are obta9$ ) dyes1 b _! manipulation is n easy1 & _! p]man5ce is d\btful unless "o has exp]t k ( ! processes ( dye+4 ,! mo/ conv5i5t m$ium = ! /ud5t is oil color ?9n$ ) turp5t9e 7to :i* may be add$ a v little acetic acid & oil ( w9t]gre574 ,?is1 :5 dry1 is p]man5t & c be wa%$1--b n ) hot wat] or /rong soap4 ,) ! design 9 fix$ =m ^u ! block1 ef=t c be conc5trat$ ^u ! makeup ( ! patt]n1 & ! colorh>mony4 ,by cutt+ a block = ea* color ! design] may v>y ! s*emes almo/ to inf9ity4 ,:]e *oices are _m & corrections easy1 inv5tion c h free play4 ,examples ( /ud5ts' pr9t+ on pap] are giv5 on page #aba4 ,,picture ,,pr9t+ is a m difficult1 b fasc9at+ =m ( ?is art craft4 ,"h mu/ be gradation1 transp>5t & vibrat+ color1 atmosph]ic ov]tone b9d+ all toge!r4 ,= ^! qualities ! ,japanese process is be/1 ) its p]fect$ tools & me?ods4 ,9 !ory x is v simple3 ,! outl9e is drawn 9 ink ^u ?9 pap]1 & ! %eet pa/$ face d[n ^u ! flat side ( a bo>d2 ! block is !n engrav$ ) a knife & g\ges1 ! draw+ be+ left 9 relief2 ! pap] is remov$ f ! l9es ) a damp clo?1 & ! block *>g$ ) ink4 ,dry black mix$ ) mucilage & wat]1 or any black wat] color w answ]4 ,= *>g+1 ! ,japanese use a ?ick %ort bru%1--a r\nd bri/le bru% w s]ve ! purpose4 ,:5 ink is scrubb$ ev5ly ov] ! :ole surface1 ! block is ready = pr9t+4 ,a %eet ( ,japanese pap]1 slightly damp5$1 is laid ^u ! block & rubb$ g5tly ) a circul> pad call$ a 8b>540 ,?is wond]ful in/rum5t draws ! ink up into ! pap]1 giv+ a cle> ri* s(t l9e4 ,! b>5 is made ( a leaf ( bamboo /ret*$ ov] a sauc]l disk ( pa/ebo>d1 )9 :i* is coil$ a braid$ fibremat4 ,if ! block has be5 prop]ly cle>$1 & ! b>5 is mov$ 9 level sweeps1 ! pap] w n be soil$ by ink betwe5 ! l9es4 ,aft] pr9t+ a numb] ( outl9es ! colors are pa9t$ ^u !m & color blocks engrav$4 ,x is possible to h sev]al colors ^u ! same bo>d1 if widely sep>at$4 ,accurate regi/ry is obta9$ by two m>ks at ! top ( ! bo>d & "o at ! side4 ,! pap] mu/ be kept ( ! same degree ( moi/ure1 o!rwise x w %r9k & ! la/ impressions w be out ( regi/]4 ,dry colors mix$ ) wat] & a little mucilage1 or bett] /ill1 common wat] colors1 may be us$4 ,no4 #fi is a reproduction ( a pr9t made 9 ! ,japanese way4 7,9 #ahie ,i exhibit$ at ! ,bo/on ,museum ( ,f9e ,arts a collection ( my wood block pr9ts4 ,pr(essor ,f5ollosa wrote ! introduction to ! catalogue1 discuss+ ! possibilities1 = color & design1 ( ?is me?od1 !n new to ,am]ica4 ,9 8,mod]n ,art0 = ,july1 #ahif1 ,i describ$ ! process 9 full1 ) illu/rations1 "o 9 color47 ,,/5cill+1 l wood block pr9t+1 invites v>iation ( rhy?m & color comb9ation4 ,/5cill+ is (t5 done )\t suffici5t k ( ! craft4 ,! /ud5t %\ld und]/& t a /5cil is simply a piece ( p]=at$ wat] pro( pap] or metal to be laid ^u pap] or clo? & scrubb$ ov] ) a ?ick bru% *>g$ ) color2 long op5+s mu/ be bridg$ ) 8ties10 & all op5+s mu/ be s %ap$ t _! edges w rema9 flat :5 ! bru% passes ov] !m4 ,japanese ,/5cil4 ,/5cil units are usually l>ge1 (f]+ good opportunities = ,subord9ation 7page #bc71 ,symmetry1 & ,proportion 7page #bh74 ,a unit mu/ n only be complete 9 itself b mu/ h>monize ) itself 9 ,repetition 7pp4 #cf1 #ff74 ,/5cils may be cut ^u ?ick manila pap] :i* is !n coat$ ) %ellac2 or ^u oil$ pap]4 ,if /5cil bru%es _c be obta9$ "o may use a common1 r\nd1 h\sepa9t]'s bru%1 w\nd ) /r+ to )9 an in* ( ! end4 ,colors may be1--oil ?9n$ ) turp5t9e2 dyes2 or dry colors gr\nd on a slab ) wat] & mucilage4 ,*>ge ! bru% ) ?91 ?or\ghly mix$ pigm5t2 if !re is too mu* x w scrape (f "u ! edges ( ! /5cil & spoil ! pr9t4 ,unpr9t$ wall pap] 78l9+ pap]07 is *eap & v satisfactory = /5cill+4 ,x %\ld be t9t$ ) a ?9 solution ( color to :i* a little mucilage has be5 add$4 ,use a l>ge flat bru% ab\t f\r in*es wide1 apply+ ! color ) rapid v]tical & horizontal /rokes4 ,,color$ ,,*>coal4 ,?is is a fur!r developm5t ( ! me?od describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xiii 7see also page #aac74 ,lay 9 ! picture 9 light values ( *>coal1 rememb]+ t ! colorwa%es w d>k5 e tone4 ,too mu* rubb+ ) ! /ump gives mudd9ess1 too little *>coal may weak5 ! values & y w h a 8wa%\t40 ,:5 ! notans*eme is "r1 ! draw+ may be fix$4 ,x c be color$ )\t fix+ if ! /ump has be5 us$4 ,color is appli$ 9 ?9 wa%es all[+ ! *>coal texture to %9e ?r\gh4 ,notan plays ! l>g] "p1 furni%+ ! /ructure ( ! composition & giv+ a h>monic basis = ! color4 ,if ! hues are well*os51 ! result %\ld be a h>mony ( atmosph]ic dep?1 ) s(t b gl[+ colors4 ,,pa9t+ 9 ,,full ,,color4 ,9 a book devot$ to ! /udy ( art/ructure n mu* space c be giv5 to comp>ison ( m$iums1 or to pr(essional problems ( te*nique 9 advanc$ pa9t+4 ,!y w be m5tion$ to %[ ! unity ( ! progressive s]ies1 to sugge/ to ! /ud5t "s l9es ( rese>* & exp]im5t1 & to help him 9 *oos+ 8 field ( art "w4 ,,wat] ,,color4 ,?is m$ium is us$ 9 _m diff]5t ways3 z a ?9 transp>5t /a91 l ! "w ( ,david ,cox1 ,cotman1 ,de ,w9t2 z a comb9ation ( opaque color & wa%1 ) :i* ,j4 ,m4 ,w4 ,turn] pa9t$ air1 di/ance1 inf9ity1 ! play ( light ov] ! _w2 z flat wa% fill+ 9 outl9es1 l ! draw+s ( ,millet & ,b\tet de ,monvel2 z ! mod]n ,dut* use x1 9 opaque pa/ell /rokes on gray pap]1 or scrubb$ 9 ) a bri/le bru%2 z premi] c\p pa9t+ ) no outl9e 7bo? draw+ & pa9t+7 l mu* ,japanese "w4 ,9 all ^!1 l9e is ! basis1 :e!r actually drawn1 z by ,millet & ,rembr&t1 or felt1 z by ! ,japanese & ,turn]4 ,! be/ pa9t+ has =m & "* 9 e bru%t\*4 ,,oil ,,color4 ,in/ruction 9 oil pa9t+ is usually limit$ to :at might be call$ draw+ 9 pa9t4 ,( c\rse ! /ud5t mu/ "k 8 pigm5ts1 h[ to obta9 hues & values by mix+1 h[ to use bru%es1 h[ to sket* 91 & all ! elem5t>y details1--b ?is is b a beg9n+4 ,expression ( an idea or emotion dep5ds ^u appreciation ( art /ructure2 ! po9t is n s mu* h[ to pa9t1 z h[ to pa9t well4 ,arti/s (t5 say t x matt]s n h[ y get an effect1 if y only get x4 ,?is is mislead+2 x does matt]1--! greate/ pa9t]s get _! effects 9 a f9e way4 ,me?ods ( h&l+ oil color may be r$uc$ to two g5]al classes3 7a7 ! pa9t is us$ ?91 z a wa%1 on a prep>$ canvas1 or 7b7 x is put on 9 ?ick opaque t\*es4 ,9 ei!r case ! aim is ! same--to pa9t = dep?1 vibration1 illusion ( light & color4 ,if bru% /rokes are to be left intact1 ea* ( !m mu/ h %ape & mean+1--t is1 l9e2 if color is put on 9 a ?9 wa%1 !n its value1 gradation1 hue & texture are ! ma9 po9ts1--& ^! belong to /ructural h>mony4 ,mural pa9t+ is ! highe/ =m ( ! art1 dem&+ p]fect ma/]y ( ,composition4 ,! subject takes visible =m 9 t]ms ( ,l9e2 !n is add$ ! my/]y1 ! dramatic c\nt]play ( ,notan1 & ! illum9ation ( ,color4 ,! creative _s moves onw>d absorb+ 9 its m>* all draw+1 p]spective1 anatomy1 pr9ciples ( design1 color !ory--ev]y?+ contribut+ to ,p[]4 ,,conclusion ,i h n attempt$ to ov]?r[ old sy/ems1 b h po9t$ out _! faults :ile try+ to pres5t a consi/5t s*eme ( art /udy4 ,! int5tion has be5 to reveal ! s\rces ( p[]2 to %[ ! /ud5t h[ to look )9 = ! greate/ help2 to tea* him n to dep5d on ext]nals1 n to lean too mu* on any?+ or anybody4 ,ea* subject has be5 treat$ sugge/ively r ?an exhau/ively1 po9t+ out ways ( enl>gem5t & wide application4 ,if "s subjects h seem$ to receive r scant att5tion x is n because ,i am indiff]5t to !m1 b because ,i did n wi% to dep>t f ! special !me ( ! book2 "s ( ^! w be consid]$ 9 future writ+s4 ,! book w h accompli%$ its purpose if ,i h made cle> ! "* & mean+ ( art /ructure--if ! /ud5t c see t out ( a h>mony ( two l9es may gr[ a ,p>!non p$im5t or a ,sorbonne hemicycle2 out ( ! rude di% ( ! ,zuni a ,sung teab[l1 out ( ! totempole a ,mi*elangelo's 8,moses02 t any?+ 9 art is possible :5 fre$om is giv5 to ! div9e gift ,,appreciation4 ,,! ,,end